,,beauty2 ,,illu/rat$ ,,*iefly ,,by ,,an ,,analysis ,,& ,,classification ,,( ,,beauty ,,9 ,,woman1 ,,by ,,alex&] ,,walk]1 ,,au?or ,,( ,,int]m>riage1 ,,woman1 ,,physiognomy ,,f\nd$ ,,on ,,physiology1 ,,! ,,n]v\s ,,sy/em1 ,,etc4 ,,edit$ ,,by ,,an ,,am]ican ,,physician ,,new ,,york3 ,,h5ry ,g4 ,,langley1 #h ,,a/or-,,h\se4 #ahde4 ,ent]$1 accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahdj1 ,,by ,j4 ,h4 ,g4 ,,langley1 9 ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,s\!rn ,di/rict ( ,new ,york ,,/]eotyp$ ,,by ,j4 ,s4 ,,r$field1 #ac ,*amb]s ,/reet1 ,new ,york ,,d$ication4 ,,to ,,george ,,birbeck1 ,m4,d41 ,f4,g4,s41 ,,presid5t ,,( ,,! ,,london ,,me*anics' ,,in/itution1 c41 c41 c4 ,a dep>tm5t ( sci5ce1 :i* 9 _m respects mu/ be reg>d$ z new1 _c s prop]ly be d$icat$ to any "o z to ! inv5tor ( ! be/ mode ( diffus+ sci5tific k among ! mo/ m]itori\s & mo/ oppress$ classes ( society4 ,:5 ! enemies ( fre$om1 9 ord] effectually to bl9d ! victims ( _! spoliation1 impos$ a tax ^u k1 y r5d]$ ! acquirem5t ( sci5ce easy by ! e/abli%m5t ( me*anics' in/itutions--y gave ! fir/ & greate/ impulse to t diffusion ( k :i* w r5d] ! repetition ( su* a conspiracy aga9/ humanity impossible4 ,y m ?an once also wre/$ a reluctant concession1 9 behalf ( untax$ k1 f ! m5 :o _h evid5tly succe$$1 9 "s degree1 to ! _s1 z well z to ! (fice1 ( ! orig9al conspirators1 & :o unwisely hesitat$ betwe5 ! bad int]e/ :i* is soon felt by all p>ticipators 9 exp5sive gov]nm5t1 & _! dread ( ! new & triumphant p[] ( public op9ion1 be=e :i* !y "k & feel t !y are b z ! *aff be=e ! :irlw9d4 ,= ^! s]vices1 accept ?is respectful d$ication1 z ! expression ( a homage1 9 :i* ,i am sure t ,i am jo9$ by ?\s&s ( ,britons4 ,nor1 9 writ+ ?is1 on a subject ( :i* y\r ext5sive k enables y s well to judge1 am ,i )\t a peculi> & p]sonal motive4 ,i gratefully ackn[l$ge t1 9 "o ( ! mo/ e>ne/ & /r5u\s m5tal ef=ts ,i ev] made1 9 my "w on ,! ,n]v\s ,sy/em1 ,i ow$ to y\r cautions z to logical reason+ & c>eful induction1 an anxiety at lea/1 & a zeal 9 ^! respects1 :i*1 :atev] success may h att5d$ !m1 c\ld n well be exce$$4 ,i h endeavor$ to act con=mably ) ! same cautions 9 ! pres5t "w4 ,he mu/ be weak-m9d$1 inde$1 :o c seek = aught 9 philosophy b ! discov]y ( tru?2 & he mu/ be a c[>d :o1 believ+ he has discov]$ x1 has any scruple to ann\nce x4 ,,alex&] ,,walk]4 ,,april #aj1 #ahcf4 ,,am]ican ,,adv]tisem5t4 ,! pres5t volume completes ! s]ies ( ,mr4 ,walk]'s an?ropological works4 ,to say t !y h met ) a favorable reception f ! ,am]ican public1 w\ld be b a v inadequate expression ( ! unprec$5t$ success :i* has att5d$ _! publication4 ,,int]m>riage1 ! fir/ ( ! s]ies1 pass$ ?r\gh six l>ge editions )9 eighte5 mon?s1 & ,,woman1 has met ) a sale sc>cely less ext5sive4 ,! num]\s calls = ! pres5t "w1 h compell$ ! publi%]s to issue x soon] ?an !y _h contemplat$2 &1 x is believ$1 t x w be f\nd n less wor?y ( att5tion ?an ! prec$+4 ,all mu/ ackn[l$ge ! int]e/+ nature ( ! subject treat$ 9 ! pres5t "w1 z well z its intimate connexion ) ^? :i* h already pass$ "u discussion4 ,! analysis ( beauty on philosophical pr9ciples1 is att5d$ ) num]\s difficulties1 n ! lea/ ( :i* arises f ! want ( any fix$ & ackn[l$g$ /&>d4 ,! t]m ,beauty is1 inde$1 g5]ally consid]$ z a vague g5]ality1 v>y+ accord+ to national1 & ev5 individual ta/e & judgm5t4 ,mr4 ,walk] claims1 9 8 adv]tisem5t1 num]\s po9ts ( orig9ality1 "s ( :i*1 on exam9ation1 may p]haps prove to h be5 propos$ previ\sly by o!r writ]s4 ,en\gh1 h[ev]1 w rema9 to entitle him to ! cr$it ( great +5uity & acut5ess4 ,z treat$ by him1 ! subject assumes an aspect v diff]5t f t exhibit$ 9 any o!r publication4 ,to trace ! connexion ( beauty )1 & its dep5dance on1 anatomical /ructure & physiological laws--to %[ h[ x may be modifi$ by causes )9 our control--to describe its diff]5t =ms & modifications1 & defects1 z indicat$ by c]ta9 physical signs--to analyze its elem5ts1 ) a view to its influ5ce on individuals & society1 9 connexion ) its p]petration 9 po/]ity--all ^! 7 novel topics ( va/ & excit+ int]e/1 & well adapt$ to ! g5ius1 ta/e1 & rese>* ( our au?or4 ,9 prep>+ ! pres5t edition1 x has be5 ?\ght exp$i5t to make "s v]bal alt]ations1 & omit a few p>agraphs1 to :i* a ref9$ ta/e might p]haps object1 & to br+ toge!r 9 ! ,app5dix su* collat]al matt]1 z might s]ve to correct1 ext5d1 or illu/rate ! views pres5t$ 9 ! text4 ,) ^! explanations1 ! "w is confid5tly comm5d$ to ! popul> z well z philosophical read]1 z wor?y ( /udi\s exam9ation4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,prelim9>y ,,essay ,page ix ,engli% ,adv]tisem5t #a ,,*apt] ,i4--,importance ( ! ,subject #aa ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,urg5cy ( ! ,discussion ( ?is ,subject 9 relation to ! ,int]e/s ( ,dec5cy & ,morality #ba ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,cautions to ,y\? #ce ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,nature ( ,beauty #df ,,*apt] ,v4--,/&>d ( ,ta/e 9 ,beauty #ef ,,*apt] ,,vi4--,! ,elem5ts ( ,beauty #gb ,,section ,i4--,elem5ts ( ,beauty 9 ,inanimate ,be+s #gd ,,section ,,ii4--,elem5ts ( ,beauty 9 ,liv+ ,be+s #hh ,,section ,,iii4--,elem5ts ( ,beauty 9 ,?9k+ ,be+s #ic ,,section ,,iv4--,elem5ts ( ,beauty z employ$ 9 ,objects ( ,art #ajc ,beauty ( ,useful ,objects #ajd ,beauty ( ,ornam5tal ,objects #ajh ,beauty ( ,intellectual ,objects #aac ,summ>y ( ?is ,*apt] #abj ,,app5dix to ! ,prec$+ ,*apt]s #abc ,,section ,i4--,nature ( ! ,picturesque #abc ,,section ,,ii4--,cause ( ,laught] #abe ,,section ,,iii4--,cause ( ! ,pleasure receiv$ f ,repres5tations excit+ ,pity #aca ,,*apt] ,,vii4--,anatomical & ,physiological ,pr9ciples #aci ,,*apt] ,,viii4--,( ! ,ages ( ,wom5 9 relation to ,beauty #aeb ,,*apt] ,,ix4--,( ! ,causes ( ,beauty 9 ,woman #aff ,,*apt] ,x4--,( ! ,/&>d ( ,beauty 9 ,woman #aga ,,*apt] ,,xi4--,( ! ,?ree ,species ( ,female ,beauty g5]ally view$ #ahe ,,*apt] ,,xii4--,fir/ ,species ( ,beauty3 ,beauty ( ! ,locomotive ,sy/em #ahi ,fir/ ,v>iety or ,modification ( ?is ,species ( ,beauty #aia ,second ,v>iety or ,modification ( ?is ,species ( ,beauty #aig ,?ird ,v>iety or ,modification ( ?is ,species ( ,beauty #aih ,,*apt] ,,xiii4--,second ,species ( ,beauty3 ,beauty ( ! ,nutritive ,sy/em #bjc ,fir/ ,v>iety or ,modification ( ?is ,species ( ,beauty #bjh ,second ,v>iety or ,modification ( ?is ,species ( ,beauty #baj ,?ird ,v>iety or ,modification ( ?is ,species ( ,beauty #bab ,,*apt] ,,xiv4--,?ird ,species ( ,beauty3 ,beauty ( ! ,?9k+ ,sy/em #bbe ,fir/ ,v>iety or ,modification ( ?is ,species ( ,beauty #bbf ,second ,v>iety or ,modification ( ?is ,species ( ,beauty #bbg ,?ird ,v>iety or ,modification ( ?is ,species ( ,beauty #bbi ,,*apt] ,,xv4--,beauty ( ! ,face 9 p>ticul> #bcc ,,*apt] ,,xvi4--,comb9ations & ,transitions ( ! ,?ree ,species ( ,female ,beauty #bed ,,*apt] ,,xvii4--,proportion1 ,"*1 ,expression1 c4 #bei ,,*apt] ,,xviii4--,! ,greek ,ideal ,beauty #bhj ,,*apt] ,,xix4--,! ,ideal ( ,female ,beauty #cjg ,,*apt] ,,xx4--,defects ( ,beauty #cbj ,defects ( ! ,locomotive ,sy/em #cbj ,defects ( ! ,vital ,sy/em #cbc ,defects ( ! ,m5tal ,sy/em #cbg ,,*apt] ,,xxi4--,ext]nal ,indications1 or ,art ( ,det]m9+ ! precise ,figure1 ! degree ( ,beauty1 ! ,m9d1 ! ,habits1 & ! ,age ( ,wom51 not)/&+ ! ,aids & ,disguises ( ,dress #cbi ,ext]nal ,indications ( ,figure #cbi ,ext]nal ,indications ( ,beauty #ccb ,ext]nal ,indications ( ,m9d #cce ,ext]nal ,indications ( ,habits #ccg ,ext]nal ,indications ( ,age #cci ,app5dix #cdc ,,prelim9>y ,,essay1 ,,by ,,! ,,am]ican ,,editor4 ,h] beauty hangs ^u ! *eek ( night ,l a ri* jewel 9 an ,e?iop's e>3 99 99 99 99 99 ,dea? ha? no p[] yet ^u ?y beauty-- ,?\ art n conqu]$2 beauty's ensign yet ,is crimson on ?y lips1 & 9 ?y *eeks4--,,%akspe>e4 ,x maybe set d[n1 we suppose1 z a matt] suffici5tly settl$ to become a pr9ciple1 t m5 are mov$ by no?+ m g5]ally & c]ta9ly ?an by ! p[] ( ,beauty--p>ticul>ly ,beauty 9 ,woman4 ,t x has an influ5ce ^u all ( "o sex1 l t :i* ,ma/] ,%akspe>e has giv5 picture ( 9 ! l9es we h set ^u our front1 we w\ld n pret5d to say3 b t ! wild b>d 0 no fre%man 9 8 k ( humanity s f> z he>t & m9d matt]s 7 conc]n$1 we feel safe to ass]t--& feel confid5t t ! passionate language ( ,romeo trespasses no b\nds1 & is b a fai?ful decl>ation ( a p[] t rules ) a mild] or a mighti] sway 9 ! bosoms ( all :o answ] to ! di/9ctive "n ( ,man4 ,?is may seem a wide ass]tion4 ,b x is no less true4 ,! reason ( ! sl[ belief 9 ?is univ]sality is1 t m5 are n always subject to ! influ5ce1 :ile ! pr9ciple ( x is always a t5ant )9 !m4 ,!re is a "t--& ) ! "t comes ! developm5t4 ,! m9d1 z x unfolds1 becomes acqua9t$ ) no?+ s calculat$ to excite its wond]1 z its own prop]ties & capabilities--its new p]ceptions--its new affections4 ,till progress br+s ) x ?is k ( ourselves1 we rema9 ignorant ( half t is )9 u to affect u l a spell1 & )9 ^: rea* we h be5 unconsci\sly pass+ onw>d & upw>d1 by a ,provid5tial ord]+1 f our *ildhood at lea/1 if n f our cradles4 ,keep+ ?is 9 view1 let u consid] = a mom5t some?+ ( ! elem5ts ( ,beauty1 & _! influ5ce1 z a pr9ciple1 ^u ! pr9ciples ( our nature4--,& fir/ x mu/ be admitt$ t !y are good--( a good orig9--& t5d to a good result4 ,!y are good elem5ts1 we believe1 = we f9d !m almo/ ev] associat$ ) :at is pleas+1 improv+1 & satisfactory to u4 ,inde$1 9 ?is connexion1 we f9d !m a s\rce ( consolation & delight1 :]e all else has fail$ to m9i/] or ev5 sugge/ !m4 ,!y are ( a good orig9--=1 if !y 7 n1 no su* effect w\ld be wr\ght ^u a sy/em s sadly prone to evil & villan\s pr9ciples1 & s little op5 to pure1 & elevat+1 & com=t+ ones1 t !y may be said to come ab\t x1 mo/ emphatically1 l angel-visits4 ,!y are elem5ts1 aga91 t t5d to a good result1 9 _! op]ation1 = _! consequ5ces are almo/ ev]1 to make m5 bett] satisfi$ ) _! condition--:]e !y come 91 z an influ5ce ^u x1 at all--bett] satisfi$ ) almo/ ev]y?+ ab\t !m1 s long z !y are consci\s !y are creatures ( proportions & proprieties1 & affect$ intr9sically by !m4 ,if :at we "h set d[n respect+ ! elem5ts ( ,beauty be true1 x is c]ta9ly ( an int]e/+ importance 9 view ( ! influ5ce ( t quality ^u ! pr9ciples ( our nature4 ,we call x quality4 ,p]haps ?is is n "n en\gh = some?+ s peculi> & p[]ful 9 its connexion ) ! total ( our spirits4 ,we w t]m x su*1 h[ev]1 = want ( a wid] language--& leave m5 to feel out su* def9ition z !y may deem m good & grateful4 ,implant$1 !n1 s deeply z ,beauty is 9 ! human he>t--s univ]sal1 t millions b[ to x z some?+ to fe> :ile !y wor%ip--s c]ta91 z a pr9ciple1 t sc>cely a human be+ c be said to walk )\t ! sph]e ( its influ5ce--x w\ld be ne$less z well z unphilosophical to d5y t ! great object ( its fixture--its en?ronem5t ^u its high place1 %\ld be "o ( no common "*1 or ( a t5d5cy & effect )9 u1 :i* x w\ld be wrong & inexcusable to ov]look4 ,:at !n is ! design ( ?is s+ul> & my/]i\s p[]1 9 connexion ) ?is sad & unacc\ntable nature--s (t5 ! !me ( eulogy & lam5t--( l(ty1 long1 & desp]ate satire1 among m58 ,! be/ answ]1 we ?9k1 is r5d]$ 9 ! influ5ce1 :]e op]ation is op5 to e "o :o ?9ks1 obs]ves1 reasons1 acts1 among 8 fell[s4--,to ent] into p>ticul> def9itions "h1 w\ld be ne$less z well z we>isome4 ,! g5]al effect ^u man1 z a s5ti5t & moral be+1 mu/ be ! po9t to :i* our simple rem>ks & reasons mu/ be conf9$4 ,we h some:]e se5 x obs]v$--& h little d\bt 9 ! publicity & good s5se ( ! ?\ght--t !re 0 p]haps no "o ?+ :i* t5d$ s mat]ially to awak5 l(ty & good s5tim5ts among ! p--to qualify ! r\gh outl9e ( "*--& s(t5 & h>monize ! untaught elem5ts ( _! nature1 z ! frequ5t1 unre/ra9$1 & enc\rag$ contemplation ( ! p]fect /atu>y1 :i* _! ma/] sculptors 7 cont9ually erect+ 9 _! temples4 ,?is fre$om 0 a p]petual lesson to a nation4 ,! pr9ciple 0 develop$1 & ! p[] ( ,beauty _h a new1 & =m+1 & ma/]+ sway4 ,a p 7 com+ into ! light ( bett] feel+--bett] society--bett] gov]nm5t1 "u ! gradual b no less c]ta9 op]ation ( a liv+ pr9ciple1 br\ght into great & beautiful action1 "u ! comm&+ h& ( ,g5ius1 t seem$ to pass at once f ! sky1 ^: p]fect ?+s x pres5t$ to ! sons ( e>?6--,x is n s+ul>1 we ?9k1 t su* a lead+ =? ( ,beauty to ! contemplation ( awak5$ man1 %\ld produce effects l ^? to :i* we h adv]t$4 ,x /rikes u t x w\ld h be5 /range _h ?is consequ5ce n be5 g5]at$1 & noble sculpture ?us h /ood be=e a _w z cold z ! m>ble f :i* x 0 /rick54 ,we believe t ,beauty saw a r5ovat+ p[] 9 ! wond] ( ! ,v5us--& x w\ld be a sad ?+ to feel t x _h ev] ceas$ 9 its progress :]e woman or ! *isel 7 do+ su* ?+s to advance x4 ,nor has x ceas$4 ,hi/ory pres5ts too _m in/ances ( ! mon>* p[] ( ,beauty 9 woman1 to p]mit u to d\bt ^u ?is subject4 ,x has pass$ ^u ! _s ( ,man l a ?+ ( necromance--w9n+ him to its comm&1 & b[+ him to its w1 until royalty itself has /ood p[]less 9 its pres5ce1 & ! poor mass ( mortals1 /rick5 & pant+ l corn]$ de] be=e ! inexorable hunt]4 ,x has be5 ! salvation & ru9 ( nations1 z well z families & individuals--= que5s h obey$ its supremacy z well z maid5s1 & k+s squ>$ _! m&ates1 & regulat$ _! c\rse1 by ! l9e ( beauty4 ,all ?is is matt] ( record4 ,sacr$ & pr(ane /ory ab\nds ) in/ances :i* admit ( no d5ial1 :ile !y excite our wond]4 ,b ! wond] ceases1 not)/&+1 :5 we turn f record to our own exp]i5ce1 & see ! effect1 on o!rs & ourselves1 ( :at we once read ab\t 9 ! curi\s annals ( our species4 ,we n[ see ! f9i%$ sculpture t delight$ & s(t5$ ! p ( an age1 gaz$ on & admir$ by e be+ :om we are accu/om$ to reg>d z rational4 ,no "o pret5ds to "q1 mu* less to d5y ! beauty ( ! lovely /atue1 9 :i* ! p]fection ( woman is portray$ 9 ! f9i%$ feature or ! swell+ =m4 ,ins5sibility "h w\ld prop]ly be reg>d$ z a ?+ to be a%am$ (--z little bett] ?an a moral p>alysis1 :i* might well exclude ! que/ionable man f ! circle ( reasonable1 enlight5$1 & ris+ p1 z a sad fell[1 & a poor pilgrim on ! e>?4 ,y w r>ely f9d ! r\ghe/ nature ) a cuticle t w n confess "s s5sibility 9 a pres5ce su* z ?is--& ,i ?9k we may set x d[n z a ?+ well asc]ta9$1 t ! picture or *isell+ ( a beautiful woman w comm& ! tribute ( delight--! ackn[l$gm5t--& l\d "o too--( a :ole & he>ty wor%ip f ! t>1 z well z ! amateur4 ,! gall]ies ( our arti/s1 9 :i* ! pr9ciple ( ,beauty is made to speak & comm&1 suffici5tly prove t !re is no pass+ away ( ?is p[] :i* has mov$1 rul$1 & regulat$1 to a degree almo/ incr$ible1 ! _w ( ,man1 f ! "t he came to ?is s*ool1 & ?is trial ( ! passions & affections4 ,let ! "q be ask$ ( any "o1 ^: _s is 9 heal?ful action1 if 8 exp]i5ce be=e ! "w ( art1 imbody+ ! ,beauty we speak (1 is n ( a humaniz+--& we w add civiliz+1 z well z elevat+ "*1 & we are will+ to abide ! issue ( 8 answ]1 9 full support ( ! position we h tak54 ,su* is our belief on ! univ]sality ( ?is influ5ce or elem5t4 ,we h he>d x d5i$1 x is c]ta9--b x 0 ev5 by ^? :o h nev] te/$ ! p[] by an application ( x to !mselves1 or a surr5d] to its my/]ies1 by an approa* to ! real pres5ce--& :o1 l ba*elors ^u ! fe>ful subject ( matrimony1 only betray a sill9ess j 9 proportion to _! ignorance4 ,^! are ! m5 :o h n yet unfold$4 ,!y are 9 ! *rysalis condition--& to be piti$ accord+ly4 ,!y may dep5d ^u x1 :5 !y pass f ! sl\gh1 !y w be ready to confess !y are1 alas6 too deep 9 t o!r ,sl\gh ( ,despond1 :i* is too well repres5t$ by a sad s5sitiv5ess to ! magic ( ,beauty1 & z sad a consci\sness t !re is no approa* = !m1 :i* c be cr[n$ by a capture ( ! citadel1 or ! lea/ enjoym5t ( ! glori\s delights x encloses4 ,:5 we he> m5 det]iorat+ ?is p[]1 or ?ank+ ! gods !y nev] b5t knee or utt]$ v[ at its %r9e1 we are ev] ready to believe !y h ei!r b[$ all _! days to f> o!r & sadd] pr9ciples1 & made oa? to idols ( bad mat]ial & worse sculpture1 or t !y are z mu* beyond ! rea* ( any good1 & prop]1 & beautiful influ5ce1 z ! clod ( ! valley to :i* !y are ha/5+4 ,!y may take pride 9 d5ial ( su* influ5ce--b :at is !re to boa/ ( 9 ins5sibility ( any k9d1 :]e ! v betrayal ( admiration is ! be/ evid5ce ( a good ta/e--a good feel+--a good fai?--a good pr9ciple8 ,x _c h escap$ common obs]vation1 we presume1 t a love ( ,beauty--or1 at lea/1 any peculi> s5sitiv5ess to t quality 9 ! female sex1 has be5 held--& by s5sible m51 too--z a weakness1 or an index only ( a weak m9d1 or a fem99e _s4 ,?is is c]ta9ly v fooli%--& a lam5table mi/ake4 ,b x is easily acc\nt$ =4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! doctr9e is nev] held save by m5 :o see beauty 9 ?+s :i* o!r p]sons w\ld hold abhorr5t4 ,!y are m5 :o are 9 love ) metaphysics1 or glory 9 a ma!matical exi/5ce4 ,!y l1 beyond all1 ! features ( a problem1 & ?9k only ( ! good face ( a speculation4 ,!y see1 z !y pr(ess1 at lea/1 no proportions1 save 9 "s cold sy/em ( an absurd philosophy1 & are only fit = judgm5t 9 ?+s ei!r too ab/ract = ! mass ( m51 or too decid$ly e>?y to be wor?y ! att5tion ( be+s made = a bett] sph]e1 & capable ( see+ some?+ 9 mu* t is ar\nd u1 :i* intimates ! ord] & beauty by :i* t sph]e is di/+ui%$4 ,?is is en\gh to put an end to ?is objection1 9 ref]5ce to ! subtle elem5t ( :i* we are v5tur+ our humble1 b we believe1 or?odox s5tim5ts4 ,= ourselves1 we "k ( no m sad or s5seless m5tal condition 9 :i* we c\ld be plac$--we mean 9 ! social relation--?an ?is "o ( su* ungraceful /upidity1 z ?is ( :i* a boa/ is made by su* we>y fell[s z we h adv]t$ to4 ,if ,beauty is an outside pr9ciple1 :i* !y argue is ( no utility1 & q unwor?y ( "o :o %\ld look beyond ! m]e coat+ ( ?is exi/5ce = 8 rew>d or 8 satisfaction1 !n we say t ev5 an outside ( lovel9ess & grace1 is bett] ?an an int]ior ( de=mity1 uselessness1 indef9it5ess1 *aos--ev5 ?\gh x pret5d to be all spiritual1 :ile x sugge/s little b nons5se1 & is q c]ta9 to end 9 no?+4 ,!re is ano!r ?\ght 9 connexion ) ?is elem5t ( ,beauty 9 ,woman1 :i* c]ta9ly des]ves consid]ation4 ,we believe ! philosophy :i* x intimates is f\nd$ 9 v good s5se1 & )al1 9 propriety4 ,ins5sibility to ! p[]1 we h obs]v$1 is no index ( any?+ virtu\s or elevat$4 ,x is r1 9 all cases1 a bad om54 ,m5 look ^u x--& t v rationally--z indicative ( some?+ unheal?y 9 ! moral sy/em4 ,x seems to tell ( a h>dness--bad prop5sities--a cru/ace\s nature4 ,9 %ort1 man reg>ds 8 fell[1 :o is dead to ?is influ5ce1 z r to be suspect$ at all times1 ?an to be tru/$ at any4 ,b ?is is n 8 sadde/ trial--or :at %\ld be reg>d$ z su*1 if he c sign himself a man1 ) any consci5ce :atev]4 ,8 e/imation by woman is unqualifi$ & unque/ion$4 ,he is set d[n by h] z a creature z unwor?y ( reg>d by ! si/]hood1 z he is devoid ( w>m? or wit 9 any?+ t has to d ) ! social relations1 &1 above all1 ) ! my/]ies ( ! passions & affections4 ,he is m>k$ by !m ) a timble br&4 ,he is set ap>t z a poor ?+1 :o kn[s no?+ ( :at he 0 made =1 & ^: ideas ( ! graceful & lovely 9 life are ab\t z def9$ & wor?y z ^? ( ! brutes t p]i%4 ,he is run ^u & laugh$ at by ! playful1 & satiris$ & sca!d by ! witty4 ,9 ! circle he is treat$--n piti$--z a piece ( circulat+ ins5sibility2 9 ! /reet he is po9t$ at z "o :o might be well set up z a m>k at its corn]s4 ,& ?is is "r4 ,x is well he %\ld be visit$ by rebuke f h] :o pres5ts s cont9ually ar\nd him ! elem5ts ( t p[] he is fooli% to resi/1 & unable1 aft] all1 to depreciate4 ,woman's op9ion1 "h1 is a "p ( ! great sy/em :i* ! influ5ce %e def5ds is meant to support--& we truly hope t %e w ma9ta9 x al\d z long z %e c utt] x4 ,( ! p[] ( ,beauty1 bo? ! _w ( fact1 & ! _w ( fancy1 are ab\nd+ 9 in/ances4 ,! records ( anci5t /ory pres5t u ) _! ,hel5s & _! ,cleopatras1 :o wr\ght ^u nations by ! magic ( _! faces4 ,lat] times %[ u ! wond] ( ! p[] 9 ,m>y ( ,scotl&1 & _m a page might be adv]t$ to1 full ( ! adv5tures :i* m>k$ ! love passages ( k+s z well z cl[ns1 orig9at+ 9 ?is my/]i\s influ5ce1 z develop$ 9 ! graces & glories ( woman4 ,! p[] ( ,beauty op]ates widely1 & ev]y:]e4 ,x takes ! good man captive z well z ! miscellane\s "o1 :o has no def9ite rule to guide him on 8 w&]+s4 ,x b[s ! ma/]s & tea*]s ( m5 at its %r9e1 z well z ! s*ol>s & *ildr5 ( life4 ,x draws ! m]*ant f 8 desk--! philosoph] f 8 *air4 ,x gives new utt]ance to ! poet1 :ile x w9s ! /atesman to confess t !re is "s virtue 9 ! outside ( ! _w1 aft] all1 & "s attraction ap>t f ! *aos ( cab9ets & broad seals4 ,!re is a beautiful exemplification ( ?is p[] giv5 by ,florian1 9 8 /ory ( a ,!ban sculptor4 ,he is a w&]+ orphan 9 ! /reets ( 8 native city1 & 8 fir/ entrance into ! work%op ( ! celebrat$ ,praxitiles well proves ! tru? ( :at we h set d[n 9 ! =ego+ pages4--,he is sudd5ly transport$ on behold+ s _m ma/]pieces ( art6 ,he gazes ^u !m--he is lo/ 9 admiration6 & turn+ to ,praxitiles ) an air ( grace & juv5ile fre$om1 ,fa!r1 cri$ he1 give me ! *isel1 & tea* me to become z great z ?\ art4 ,praxitiles />$ at ! boy1 a/oni%$ at ! fire ( en?usiasm :i* k9dl$ 9 8 eyes1 & embrac+ him ) affection1 ,yes6 said he1 rema9 ) me2 ,i w n[ be y\r ma/]1 b my hope %all be t y may soon be m9e4 ,! pupil soon becomes wor?y ( 8 tea*]4 ,he becomes ! heir ( 8 =tune1 & removes to ,miletus4 ,!re1 ! daught] ( ! gov]nor visits 8 /atu>y1 & f ! "t ( t visit1 8 de/9y is seal$4 ,love usurps ! place ( e o!r passion1 & ! *isel is ca/ aside 9 sil5ce1 "u t supremacy4 ,! ,v5us ( m>ble t adorn$ 8 /udy1 0 no long] a ,v5us be=e t liv+ "o :i* fill$ 8 eye & 8 bosom4 ,he felt t he mu/ tell 8 love1 or die4 ,he decl>es x1 9 a hurri$ lett]--a slave betrays him--& ! indignant fa!r accuses him be=e ! c\ncil4 ,he is bani%$ f ! city--& emb>ks 9 a ,cretan vessel4 ,at ?is "t pirates surprise ! city1 & pillage ! temple ( ,v5us4 ,! /atue ( t goddess is torn f its p$e/al4 ,x 0 ! ,palladium ( ! isl&1 & on its possession hung ! happ9ess ( ! ,milesians4 ,! oracle ( ,delphos 0 consult$1 & x 0 answ]$ t ,miletus w\ld n be safe till a new /atue ( ,v5us1 beautiful z ! ,goddess h]self1 %\ld replace t ravi%$ by ! pirates4 ,! inhabitants 7 9 despair4 ,!y accus$ ! gov]nor ( unju/ly bani%+ ! only man :o might n[ save ! city4 ,he is seiz$1 & hurri$ 9 *a9s to a dungeon4 ,n[ came ! trial ( ! daught]1 ^: beauty _h br\ght on ?is fe>ful crisis4 ,%e equips h] vessel1 & ) treasures ab\t h]1 det]m9es to g 9 p]son to ,a!ns--,cor9?--,!bes--to f9d "s arti/ :o %\ld emancipate h] fa!r4 ,tempt$ to l& on a delici\s isl&1 %e !re comes sudd5ly ^u h] lov]1 :om %e _h be5 taught to believe _h be5 long laid "u ! wat]s t la%$ ! heights ( ,naxos4 ,! /ory is soon told4 ,9 ! humble cab9 ( 8 solitude he _h prep>$ a /atue :i* he said w\ld meet ! dem& ( ! sybil4 ,b he claim$ to h x plac$ veil$ ^u ! p$e/al 9 ! temple ( ,miletus1 be=e %e %\ld ev5 look ^u ! m>ble4 ,%e cons5ts--& !y emb>k = t isl&4 ,! arti/ is receiv$ ) %\t+s & joy4 ,! /atue is borne to its trial on ! alt> ( ,v5us4 ,x /&s erect4 ,he fe>s no?+--& x is unveil$4 ,! features are n mi/ak5--& ! p utt] cries ( joy z !y behold ! image ( 8 mi/ress6 ,! enamor$ sculptor _h made h]1 9 8 lonel9ess1 ! model ( 8 ,v5us6--,he is call$ on to claim 8 rew>d4 ,release him y h imprison$1 he cri$--release h] fa!r--& ,i ask no m4--,x is done--& ! fa!r gives up ! daught] to 8 pres]v]1 at ! foot ( h] /atue4 ,c ! p[] ( ,beauty be bett] illu/rat$ ?an 9 ?is simple tale8 ,we are n %[n simply its effect ^u an un$ucat$1 artless individual--^u a m9d 9 its s+l5ess1 & j awak5$ to its own capabilities ( suff]+ & joy--b we see x op]at+ 9 a wide & unque/ion$ influ5ce1 ^u ! _s ( a :ole p4 ,x 0 n dem&$ by fate t !re %\ld be m]ely a replac+ ( ! piece ( m>ble ^u ! p$e/al f :i* x _h be5 torn--x 0 requir$ t ! /atue %\ld be z royal 9 its ,beauty z t 0 ^: place x %\ld supply4 ,beauty 0 ! _s-^w ( ! de/9y ( ,miletus4 ,x 0 ,beauty :i* _h be5 gu>dian ( ! city--& x 0 ,beauty :i* mu/ n[ re/ore x1 by h] return to h] temple4 ,b we w n dwell ^u ?is /ory1 ?\gh x s beautifully exemplifies ! position we ma9ta94 ,!re are _m in/ances ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 ! _w1 :i* tell z /rong a tale1 ( ! influ5ce ( ,grace & ,beauty1 z is "h pres5t$ 9 ! ,grecian record4 ,we may n witness !m--b ! p[] is work+ ev] l fate 9 ! m+l$ mat]ial ( our life2 & x only requires a sob] fai?1 toge!r ) a mod]ate obs]vation1 to conv9ce all m5 t !y are ! creatures ( ,beauty1 z mu* z !y are ( de/9y & du/4 ,b !re is ano!r consid]ation connect$ ) ?is subject--an important "o1 too--& = t reason we h res]v$ x to ! la/4 ,we are settl$ 9 our conviction t !re is some?+ 9 ,p]sonal ,beauty1 ( a repres5tative & correspond5t "*4 ,x repres5ts a spiritual beauty--corresponds ) a moral symmetry4 ,?\gh we call x an outw>d prop]ty1 /ill x mu/ be a picture ( ! int]nal4 ,x w\ld seem impossible t !re c be a speak+ expression ( grace & lovel9ess1 ^u a face t is b a telegraph ( an inw>d de=mity & ugl9ess4 ,p]haps all ?is may seem some:at ideal 9 its philosophy--&1 p]haps1 almo/ transc5d5tal4 ,b we hold x to be true4 ,x c]ta9ly appe>s to u reasonable t ! m9or %\ld reflect ! reality1 z well 9 ?is heav5-made humanity1 z amid ! e>?y art ( our draw+-rooms4 ,t ! _s %\ld speak out 9 ! language ( ! c\nt5ance1 is to u z excell5t s5se z t x %\ld tell its /ory 9 protub]ances & ind5tations4 ,:o c d5y ?is--& :]e w ! argum5t fail8 ,we pause = a reply4 ,let u be und]/ood1 h[ev]4 ,we h no idea ( go+ beyond reason 9 a !ory1 :i*1 ?\gh x may appe> m ?an plausible to u1 may seem f> ?is side ( plausible to o!rs4 ,yet we ?9k we are borne out by example4 ,we d n ma9ta91 x w be rememb]$1 t beauty ( p]son mu/ necess>ily be ! repres5tative ( moral beauty1 accord+ to ! be/ & highe/ def9ition ( t t]m4 ,t def9ition1 we presume1 w\ld include ! virtu\s & ! heav5ly4 ,t ^! traits are unfail+ accompanim5ts ( noble features--! beautiful c\nt5ance--! f9i%$ =m--x w\ld be haz>d\s & fooli% to ass]t4 ,:at we int5d to say is ?is--t we believe ext]nal beauty is ! repres5tation ( an int]nal & spiritual quality ( ! same nature4 ,t ,beauty may be spiritual1 ?\gh x may n be moral--! ,beauty ( ,virtue4 ,x may be ! beauty ( sup]ior & surpass+ p[]s--! ,beauty ( ,g5ius4 ,x may be ! beauty ( a m9d1 uncommon 9 its attractions1 & 9 its proportions beyond fault or "q4 ,x may be ! beauty ( intellectual symmetry--& ?is may f9d its speak+ resemblance 9 ! *isel$ face & figure1 z c]ta9ly z ! moral lovel9ess ( ! heav5-inspir$--! emphatically good man4 ,( :at m p]fect m5tal proportions c\ld ! human c\nt5ance h be5 indicative1 ?an ! c\nt5ance ( ,napoleon8 ,! symmetry ( ,g5ius spake !re1 if x 0 true--z x c]ta9ly 0--t moral beauty _h no telegraph 9 t spl5did sculpture ( ! man4 ,b we h said z mu* z we c af=d to--?\gh ! m p>ticul> subject ( our rem>ks--or :at 9 good fai? %\ld h be51 if x has n--,beauty 9 ,woman1 w\ld seem to be "o on :i* x w\ld n be deem$ unknightly to give way to a pretty expression4 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 leave all consid]ations ( gallantry on ?is score1 to o!rs :o c amplify bett] ?an we c1 :5 we h got to ! end ( our *apt]4 ,,adv]tisem5t4 ,!re is p]haps no subject m univ]sally or m deeply int]e/+ ?an t :i* is ! *ief subject ( ! pres5t "w4 ,yet no book1 ev5 pret5d+ to sci5ce or accuracy1 has hi!rto appe>$ ^u x4 ,! =ms & proportions ( animals--z ( ! horse & ! dog--h be5 exam9$ 9 a hundr$ volumes3 n "o has be5 devot$ to woman1 on ^: physical & moral qualities ! happ9ess ( individuals1 & ! p]petual improvem5t ( ! human race1 are dep5dant4 ,! cause ( ?is has be51 probably1 ! neglect on ! "p ( individuals1 to comb9e anatomical & physiological k ) ! critical obs]vation ( ! ext]nal =ms ( woman2 &1 p]haps1 "s repugnance to an?ropological k on ! "p ( ! public4 ,! la/ ob/acle1 if ev] x exi/$1 is n[ gone by1 z _m circum/ances %[2 & x w be ! bus9ess ( ! au?or1 9 ?is "w1 to endeavor to obviate ! =m]4 ,! pres5t "w1 beside giv+ new views ( ! !ory ( beauty1 & ( its application to ! arts1 pres5ts an analysis & classification ( beauty 9 woman4 ,a subsequ5t "w w apply ! pr9ciples "h e/abli%$ to int]m>riages & cross+s among mank9d1 & w expla9 _! results 9 relation to ! happ9ess ( individuals1 & to ! beauty & ! fre$om f insanity ( _! (fspr+4 ,a f9al "w w exam9e ! relations ( woman 9 society1 w expose ! extravagant hypo!sis ( writ]s on ?is subject :o h be5 ignorant ( an?ropology1 & w describe ! re=ms :i* ! common int]e/s ( mank9d dem& 9 ?is respect4 ,x is n[ to be se51 :e!r a bran* ( sci5ce :i* is /rictly f\nd$ on anatomy & physiology--"o :i* entangles ! read] 9 no my/ical & delusive hypo!sis1 & pres5ts to him only indisputable facts--"o :i* is applicable to ! subject mo/ univ]sally & deeply int]e/+ to mank9d1 ! critical judgm5t ( female beauty1 z f\nd$ on necess>y functions--& "o :i* unravels ! great] difficulties :i* t subject pres5ts--may n excite & p]man5tly comm& a great degree ( public int]e/4 ,a prelim9>y view ( ! importance ( ?is subject is giv5 9 ! fir/ *apt]2 ! urg5cy ( its discussion1 9 relation to ! int]e/s ( dec5cy & morality1 is e/abli%$ 9 ! second2 & "s useful cautions z to y\? are (f]$ 9 ! ?ird4 ,9 reg>d to ! importance ( ! subject1 ,i may1 ev5 "h1 avail myself ( ! highe/ au?orities4 ,,?omas ,,m1 speak+ ( ! p ( 8 commonweal?1 says3 ,!y d greatly wond] at ! folly ( all o!r nations1 :i*1 9 buy+ a colt 7:]eas1 a little money is 9 haz>d71 be s *>y & circumspect1 t1 ?\gh he be almo/ all b>e1 yet !y w n buy him1 unless ! saddle & all ! h>ness be tak5 (f--le/1 "u ^? cov]+s1 be hid "s gall or sore4 ,& yet1 9 *oos+ a wife1 :i* %all be ei!r pleasure or displeasure to !m all _! life aft]1 !y be s reckless1 t1 all ! residue ( ! woman's body be+ cov]$ ) clo!s1 !y e/eem h] sc>cely by "o h&-bread? 7= !y c see no m b h] face71 & s to jo9 h] to !m1 n )\t great jeop>dy ( evil agree+ toge!r--if any?+ 9 h] body aft]w>d %\ld *ance to (f5d & mislike !m4#a ,,francis ,,bacon is ( simil> op9ion4 ,happily1 ! advancem5t ( an?ropological sci5ce 9 mod]n times1 may1 z is "h %[n1 be s appli$ z to r5d] q unnecess>y ! objectionable me?ods propos$ by bo? ^! philosoph]s1 9 ord] to c>ry _! doctr9es into practice4 ,%all ,i be blam$1 because ,i avail myself ( ! progress ( k to r5d] all t ^! great m5 desir$ on ?is subject ( easy atta9m5t & in(f5sive to woman8 ,%all ,i be blam$1 because ,i fir/ facilitate t :i* ! /ill f>!r advancem5t ( k w inevitably r5d] an ev]yday occurr5ce1 & ! guide ( ! mo/ important act ( human life8--,i c>e n4 ,9 ! details z to female beauty1 x w be se5 h[ incorrectly ,w9ckelmann says3 ,9 female figures1 ! =ms ( beauty are n s diff]5t1 nor ! gradations s v>i\s1 z 9 ^? ( males2 & !re=e 9 g5]al !y pres5t no o!r diff]5ce ?an t :i* is dep5dant ^u age4444 ,h5ce1 9 treat+ ( female beauty1 few obs]vations occur z necess>y to be made1 & ! /udy ( ! arti/ is m limit$ & m easy4444 ,x is to be obs]v$1 t1 9 speak+ ( ! resemblance ( nude female figures1 ,i speak solely ( ! body1 )\t conclud+ f x t !y also resemble ea* o!r 9 ! di/9ctive *>act]s ( ! head1 :i* are p>ticul>ly m>k$ 9 ea*1 :e!r goddess or h]o9e4--,! diff]5ces1 ev5 9 ! bodies ( females1 are "h %[n to be bo? num]\s & capable ( di/9ct classification4 ,x is "r to obs]ve1 t ?is "w has no?+ to d ) an e>ly production ( ! writ]1 a consci\sness ( ! small value ( :i* prev5t$ 8 atta*+ 8 "n to x1 :i* he n[ kn[s to be utt]ly wor?less1 & :i* has s9ce be5 vamp$ up ) ?+s :i* are m wor?less /ill4 ,! mo/ valuable features ( ! pres5t "w are entirely new & orig9al4 ,o!rs are su* z ! writ] ?\ght n unwor?y ( pres]vation f e>li] essays4 ,he has also1 ?r\gh\t ?is "w1 adopt$ f o!r writ]s1 ) no o!r alt]ation ?an accuracy requir$1 e view1 op9ion1 or rem>k1 :i* he ?\ght applicable to a dep>tm5t ( sci5ce1 ( :i* all ! great features are new4 ,su* be+ ! case1 he ?9ks x j1 at once to himself & o!rs1 to indicate "h ! only po9ts on :i* he c himself lay any claim to orig9ality4 ,^! are z foll[s3-- ,! m complete e/abli%m5t ( ! tru? t1 9 relation to man & woman 9 p>ticul>1 beauty is ! ext]nal sign ( goodness 9 organization & function1 & !nce its importance4--,*apt] ,i41 & ! "w g5]ally4 ,! %[+ t ! discussion ( ?is subject1 ?\gh involv+ ! exam9ation ( ! nak$ figure1 is urg5t 9 relation to dec5cy 7! !ory ( :i* is discuss$71 morality1 & happy int]m>riage4--,*apt] ,,ii4 ,! %[+ t ! anci5t religion 0 ! cause ( ! p]fection ( ! f9e arts 9 ,greece1 by its p]sonification ( simple attributes or virtues1 z objects ( adoration4--,*apt] ,,ii4 ,! exposition ( ! nature1 ! k9ds1 & ! *>act]i/ics ( beauty2 & ( "s errors ( ,burke1 ,knight1 c41 on ?is subject4--,*apt] ,,iv4 ,! %[+ t !re are elem5ts ( beauty inv>iable 9 _! nature & effect1 & t ^! are modifi$ & complicat$ 9 advanc+ f simple to complex be+s1 & ! arts relat+ to !m4--,*apt] ,,vi4 ,! po9t+ out ^! elem5ts ( beauty1 & _! mode ( op]ation 9 inanimate be+s2 & ! errors ( ,knight & ,allison on ?is subject4--,sect4 ,i41 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,! po9t+ out ^! elem5ts1 & o!rs :i* are sup]add$1 9 liv+ be+s2 & ! errors ( ,allison on ?is subject4--,sect4 ,,ii41 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,! po9t+ out ^! elem5ts1 & o!rs :i* are f>!r sup]add$1 9 ?9k+ be+s2 & ! errors ( ,burke & ,knight on ?is subject4--,sect4 ,,iii41 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,! exposition ( ^! elem5ts1 z diff]+1 or v>i\sly modifi$1 9 ! useful1 ornam5tal1 & intellectual arts1 respectively2 & "s rem>ks on ornam5t 9 ar*itecture1 & 9 female dress4--,sect4 ,,iv41 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,! explanation ( ! nature ( ! picturesque1 aft] ! failure ( ,knight & ,price 9 ?is respect4--,sect4 ,i41 ,app5dix to prec$+ *apt]s4 ,! v9dication ( ! doctr9e ( ,hobbes1 z to ! cause ( laught]2 & exposition ( ! errors ( ,campbell & ,beattie on ?is subject4--,sect4 ,,ii41 ,app5dix4 ,! explanation ( ! cause ( ! pleasure receiv$ f repres5tations excit+ pity2 & ( ! errors ( ,burke1 c41 on t subject4--,sect4 ,,iii41 ,app5dix4 ,! arrangem5t ( anatomy & physiology1 & ! application ( ! pr9ciples ( ^! sci5ces to ! di/+ui%+ & judg+ ( beauty4--,*apt] ,,vii4 ,! explanation ( ! diff]5ce 9 ! beauty ( ! two sexes ev5 9 ! same c\ntry4--,*apt] ,,ix4 ,v>i\s argum5ts e/abli%+ ! /&>d ( beauty 9 woman2 & exposure ( ! sophi/ry ( ,knight1 on ?is subject4--,*apt] ,x4 ,! %[+1 by ! prec$+ arrangem5ts1 t ! anci5t temp]am5ts are p>tial or complex views ( an?ropological ph5om5a4--,*apt] ,,xi41 et seq4 ,! description ( ! fir/ species ( beauty1 or t ( ! locomotive sy/em1 & ( its v>ieties1 z f\nd$ on exam9ation ( /ructure4--,*apt] ,,xii4 ,! description ( ! second species ( beauty1 or t ( ! nutritive sy/em1 & ( its v>ieties1 z f\nd$ on exam9ation ( /ructure4--,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,! description ( ! ?ird species ( beauty1 or t ( ! ?9k+ sy/em1 & ( its v>ieties1 z f\nd$ on exam9ation ( /ructure4--,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,! explanation ( ! cause ( ! de=mity produc$ by ! obliquely plac$ eyes ( ! ,*9ese1 c4--,*apt] ,,xv4 ,! explanation ( ! mode 9 :i* ! action ( ! muscles ( ! face becomes physiognomically expressive4--,ibid4 ,! explanation ( ! physiognomical "* ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( ! hair4--,ibid4 ,! explanation ( ! cause ( ! diff]5t effects ( ! same face1 ev5 9 a /ate ( repose4--,ibid4 ,! indication ( ! faulty feature1 & its gradual increase1 ev5 9 beautiful faces4--,ibid4 ,! exposition ( ! diff]5t organization ( ,greek & ,roman heads4--,ibid4 ,! explanation ( ! comb9ations & transitions ( beauty4--,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,! explanation ( ! num]ical1 geometrical1 & h>monic me?ods ( proportion1 employ$ by ! anci5t ,greeks4--,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,"s rem>ks on "*1 expression1 & detail 9 art4--,ibid4 ,"s obs]vations on ! ,greek =ehead1 actual z well z ideal4--,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,! explanation ( ! reason ( ! ,greek ideal rule1 z to ! proportion betwe5 ! =ehead & ! o!r p>ts ( ! face4--,ibid4 ,! explanation ( ! reason ( ! ,greek ideal rule1 z to ! pr(ile ( ! =ehead & nose1 or z to ! direction ( ! mesial l9e :i* !y =m1 & ! exposition ( ,w9ckelmann's blund] respect+ x4--,ibid4 ,! explanation ( ! reason :y ! ,greeks suppress$ all great degrees ( impassion$ expression4--,ibid4 ,! m]e indication ( ! ,greek idealizations z appli$ to ! nutritive & locomotive sy/ems1 & ! explanation ( ! latt] 9 ! ,apollo4--,ibid4 ,! replies to ! objections ( ,burke & ,alison1 z to ideal beauty4--,ibid4 ,! enunciation ( ! ideal 9 attitude4--,ibid4 ,v>i\s views z to ! ,v5us de ,m$ici1 ! con=mation ( ! nose1 & ! connexion ( odor ) love1 9 animals & plants4--,*apt] ,,xix4 ,"s rem>ks on ! ,v5us de ,m$ici4--,ibid4 ,! po9t+ out & explanation ( v>i\s defects 9 beauty4--,*apt] ,,xx4 ,! po9t+ out & explanation ( v>i\s ext]nal indications ( figure1 beauty1 m9d1 habits1 & age4--,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,! writ] may possibly be mi/ak5 z to ! orig9ality ( "o or two ( ^! po9ts2 b1 leav+ ! critical read] to d$uct z _m ( ^! z x is 9 8 p[] to d1 en\gh ( novelty w\ld rema9 = ! writ]'s ambition1 9 ?is respect1 if he _h done no m ?an expos$ ! errors ( ,burke1 ,knight1 ,alison1 c41 & e/abli%$ ! true doctr9e ( beauty1 9 ! fir/ *apt]s--giv5 an analysis & classification ( beauty 9 woman1 9 ! *apt]s :i* foll[--& appli$ ?is to ! f9e arts1 & solv$ ! difficulty ( ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 c41 9 ! la/ *apt]s4 ,,analysis ,,& ,,classification ,,( ,,beauty ,,9 ,,woman4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,importance ,,( ,,! ,,subject4 ,x is obs]v$ by ,home1 9 8 ,elem5ts ( ,criticism1 t a p]ception ( beauty 9 ext]nal objects is requisite to atta* u to !m2 t x greatly promotes indu/ry1 by promot+ a desire to possess ?+s t are beautiful2 & t x f>!r jo9s ) utility1 9 prompt+ u to embelli% our h\ses & enri* our fields4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 he says1 are b slight effects1 comp>$ ) ! connexions :i* are =m$ among individuals 9 society by means ( ?is s+ul> me*anism3 ! qualifications ( ! head & he>t are und\bt$ly ! mo/ solid & mo/ p]man5t f\ndations ( su* connexions2 b z ext]nal beauty lies m 9 view1 & is m obvi\s to ! bulk ( mank9d1 ?an ! qualities n[ m5tion$1 ! s5se ( beauty possesses ! m univ]sal influ5ce 9 =m+ ^! connexions2 at any rate1 x concurs 9 an em95t degree1 ) m5tal qualifications1 to produce social int]c\rse1 mutual good-w1 &1 consequ5tly1 mutual aid & support1 :i* are ! life ( society4 ,dr4 ,prit*>d simil>ly obs]ves1 t ! p]ception ( beauty is ! *ief pr9ciple 9 e c\ntry :i* directs m5 9 _! m>riages4 ,advanc+ a /ep f>!r1 ,sir ,an?ony ,c>lisle ?9ks a ta/e = beauty wor?y ( be+ cultivat$4 ,man1 he obs]ves1 dwells ) felicity ev5 on ideal female attributes1 & 9 imag9ation discov]s beauties & p]fections :i* solace 8 we>i$ h\rs1 f> beyond any o!r res\rce )9 ! scope ( human life4 ,x _c1 !n1 be unwise to cultivate & ref9e ?is natural t5d5cy1 & to enhance1 if possible1 ^! *>ms ( life4 ,we increase & height5 all our pleasures by awak5+ & cultivat+ reflections :i* d n exi/ 9 a /ate ( ignorance4 ,?us1 ! botani/ p]ceives elegances 9 plants & fl[]s unkn[n & unfelt by ! vulg>1 & ! l&scape-pa9t] revels 9 natural or imag9>y sc5]y1 ) feel+s :i* are unkn[n to ! multitude4 ,x w\ld be absurd to pret5d t ! m exquisite & m deeply attractive beauty ( woman is n wor?y ( m pr(\nd1 z well z m univ]sal cultivation4 ,su* are ! obs]vations ( philosophical an?ropologi/s1 :o1 nev]!less1 9 ^! rem>ks1 consid] m]e physical beauty indep5d5t ( its connexion ) correspond+ functions or moral qualities4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! ext]nal beauty ( woman1 calculat$ z x is to flatt] ! mo/ exp]i5c$ eye1 limit$ its effect to a local impression1 to an optical enjoym5t1 ! s5tim5t ( beauty w\ld be f> f hav+ all its ext5t & value4 ,happily1 ideas ( goodness1 ( suitabl5ess1 ( sympa?y1 ( progressive p]fection1 & ( mutual happ9ess1 are1 by an intimate & inevitable association1 connect$ ) ! fir/ impression made by ! sight ( beauty4 ,! f\ndation ( ?is feel+ is well express$ by ,dr4 ,prit*>d1 9 8 obs]vation t ! idea ( beauty ( p]son is synonym\s ) t ( heal? & p]fect organization4 ,h5ce1 x has be5 obs]v$1 ! great ideal models ( beauty please u1 n m]ely because _! =ms are dispos$ & comb9$ s z to affect agreeably ! organ ( sight1 b because _! ext]ior appe>s to correspond to admirable qualities1 & to ann\nce an elevation 9 ! condition ( humanity4 ,su* d ! ,greek monum5ts appe> to physiologi/s & philosophical arti/s1 ^: m9ds pass rapidly f ! beauty ( =ms to t locomotive1 vital1 or m5tal excell5ce :i* x compels !m to suppose4 ,goodness & beauty 9 woman w accord+ly be f\nd to be> a /rict relation to ea* o!r2 & ! latt] w be se5 always to be ! ext]nal sign ( ! =m]4 ,!re are1 h[ev] 7slightly to anticipate :at mu/ aft]w>d be expla9$71 diff]5t k9ds1 bo? ( beauty & ( goodness1 :i* are conf\nd$ by vulg> obs]v]s2 or r !re are beauty & goodness belong+ to diff]5t sy/ems ( :i* ! body is compos$1 & :i* ought nev] to be conf\nd$ ) ea* o!r4 ,:]e1 consequ5tly1 "o ( ^! k9ds ( beauty & ( goodness is want+1 ev5 9 a rem>kable degree1 o!rs may be f\nd2 &1 z ! vulg> d n di/+ui%1 x is ?is :i* leads to ! gross error t ^! qualities h no /rict relations to _! signs4 ,want ( beauty1 !n1 9 any "o ( ! sy/ems ( :i* ! body is compos$1 indicates want ( goodness only 9 t sy/em2 b x is n less a tru?1 & sc>cely ( less importance1 on t acc\nt4--,i w n[ illu/rate ?is by brief examples4 ,!re may1 9 any individual1 exi/ de=mity ( limbs2 & ?is w assur$ly indicate want ( goodness 9 ! locomotive sy/em1 ( t or g5]al motion4 ,!re may exi/ co>s5ess ( sk91 or pal5ess ( complexion2 & ei!r ( ^! w z c]ta9ly indicate want ( goodness 9 ! vital sy/em1 or t ( nutrition4 ,!re may exi/ a mal=mation ( ! bra91 ext]nally evid5t2 & ?is no less c]ta9ly w indicate want ( goodness 9 ! m5tal sy/em1 or t ( ?\ght4 ,x foll[s t ev5 ! diff]5t k9ds & comb9ations ( beauty1 :i* are ! objects ( ta/e to diff]5t p]sons1 are f\nd$ ^u ! same g5]al pr9ciple ( organic sup]iority4 ,nay1 ev5 ! pref]5ces :i*1 9 beauty1 appe> to dep5d mo/ on fancy1 dep5d 9 reality on t cause2 & ! impression :i* e degree & modification ( beauty makes on mank9d1 has z a fundam5tal rule only _! s5tim5t1 m or less delicate & j1 ( physical advantage 9 relation to ea* individual4 ,su* is ! f\ndation ( all our s5tim5ts ( admiration & ( love4 ,! exi/5ce or non-exi/5ce ( ^! advantages1 & ! p[] ( det]m9+ ?is1 or ! judgm5t ( beauty1 are !re=e ( transc5d5t importance to individuals & to families4 ,su* judgm5t c be atta9$ by analysis & classification alone4 ,no?+1 !re=e1 c m ne>ly affect all human int]e/s ?an t analysis & classification ( beauty :i* are "h propos$4 ,to place beyond a d\bt1 & to illu/rate m m9utely1 ! extraord9>y importance ( ?is subject1 z reg>ds advantages real to ! species1 ,i may anticipate "s ( ! m m9ute applications ( my doctr9e4 ,if1 9 ! locomotive sy/em ( ! female1 mu* ( ! delicacy ( =m1 & ! ease & grace ( h] movem5ts1 dep5d ^u ! m p]fect developm5t ( ! muscles ( ! pelvis1 & its easily adapt+ itself to great & rem>kable *anges1 h[ important mu/ be ! ability to det]m9e1 ev5 by walk or ge/ure1 ! exi/5ce ( ?is condition6 ,if1 9 ! vital sy/em1 ! ela/icity & fre%ness ( ! sk9 are ! *>act]i/ics ( heal?1 & _! abs5ce w>ns u t ! condition ( woman is unfavorable to ! plan ( nature relatively to ! ma9t5ance ( ! species--or1 if ! capacity ( ! pelvis1 & ! consequ5t bread? ( ! haun*es1 are necess>y to all ^? functions :i* are mo/ ess5tially fem99e1 impregnation1 ge/ation1 & p>turition1 )\t dang] ei!r to p>5t or to *ild--( :at extreme importance mu/ be ! ability to det]m9e ?is ) c]ta9ty & ease6 ,if1 9 ! m5tal sy/em1 ! capacity & delicacy ( ! organs ( s5se1 & ! s(tness & mobility ( ! n]v\s sy/em1 are necess>y to ! vivid & v>y+ s5sibility ( woman--if x is 9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 t woman is enabl$ to act on man by ! cont9ual obs]vation ( all t c captivate 8 imag9ation or secure 8 affection1 & by ! irresi/ible s$uction ( h] mann]s--if x is ^! qualities :i* enable h] to accommodate h]self to 8 ta/e1 to yield1 )\t con/ra9t1 ev5 to ! caprice ( ! mom5t1 & to seize ! "t :5 obs]vations1 made z x 7 accid5tally1 may produce ! effect :i* %e desires--if x is by ^! means t %e fulfils h] fir/ duty1 namely1 to please him to :om %e has unit$ h] days1 & to atta* him to h] & to home by r5d]+ bo? delightful--if all ?is is ! case1 ( :at inexpressible importance mu/ be ! ability to det]m9e1 9 ea* individual1 ! possession ( ! p[] & ! w to produce su* effects6 ,if 7desc5d+ to /ill m m9ute inquiries7 ext]nal indications z to figure are requir$ z to p>ts conceal$ by drap]y--if su* indications w\ld obviate deception ev5 ) reg>d to ^? p>ts ( ! figure :i* are m expos$ to obs]vation by ! clos] adaptation ( dress--if1 ev5 :5 ! face is se51 ! deception z to ! degree ( beauty1 is su* t a correct e/imate ( x is p]haps nev] =m$--if indications z to m9d may be d]iv$ f _m ext]nal circum/ances--if ext]nal indications z to ! p]sonal habits ( wom5 are bo? num]\s & int]e/+--if su* indications ev5 ( age & heal? are sometimes ess5tial--if all ?is be ! case1 let ! read] say :at o!r object ( human inquiry exce$s ?is 9 importance4 ,let u n !n deceive ourselves respect+ ! s\rce ( ^? impressions :i* "o sex exp]i5ces f ! sight ( ! o!r4 ,x is evid5tly no?+ else ?an ! m or less delicate & j p]ception ( a c]ta9 con=mity ( means ) a want :i* has be5 creat$ by nature1 & :i* mu/ be satisfi$4 ,x is v obvi\s1 says ,dr4 ,prit*>d1 t ?is peculi>ity 9 ! con/itution ( man mu/ h consid]able effects on ! physical "* ( ! race1 & t x mu/ act z a con/ant pr9ciple ( improvem5t1 supply+ ! place 9 our own k9d ( ! b5eficial control 9 ! cross+ ( races :i* we ex]cise ov] ! brute creation4 ,& he adds3 ,?is is probably ! f9al cause = :i* ! in/9ctive p]ception ( human beauty 0 implant$ by ,provid5ce 9 our nature4 ,we ne$ n wond]1 !n1 t ! ,greeks %\ld h pref]r$ beauty to all o!r advantages1 %\ld h plac$ x imm$iately aft] virtue 9 ! ord] ( _! affections1 or %\ld h made x an object ( wor%ip4 ,ev5 ! practical application ( ?is pr9ciple to ! improvem5t ( ! human race is n a matt] ( conjecture4 ,we h se5 bo? families & nations ameliorat$ by ! means :i* x af=ds4 ,( ?is1 ! ,turks are a /rik+ example4 ,no?+1 !re=e1 c bett] des]ve ! rese>*es ( ! physiologi/1 or ! ex]tions ( ! philan?ropi/1 ?an ! fact t !re are laws1 ( :i* we h yet only a glimpse1 accord+ to :i* we may influ5ce ! amelioration ( ! human race 9 a mann] ! mo/ ext5sive & pr(\nd1 by act+ accord+ to a uni=m & un9t]rupt$ sy/em4 ,well might ,cabanis exclaim3 ,aft] hav+ occupi$ ourselves s curi\sly ) ! means ( r5d]+ m beautiful & bett] ! races ( animals or ( plants :i* are useful or agreeable--aft] hav+ remodell$ a hundr$ times t ( horses & dogs--aft] hav+ transplant$1 graft$1 cultivat$1 9 all mann]s1 fruits & fl[]s--h[ %ameful is x to h totally neglect$ ! race ( man6 ,z if x affect$ u less ne>ly6 z if x 7 m ess5tial to h l>ge & /rong ox5 ?an vigor\s & heal?y m51 highly odor\s pea*es or f9ely /rip$ tulips1 ?an wise & good citiz5s6 ,i actually "k a man :o is s deeply int]e/$ 9 ! doctr9e ( cross+1 t e h\r ( 8 life is devot$ to ! improvem5t ( a race ( bantam f[ls & curi\s pigeons1 & :o yet m>ri$ a mad woman1 :om he conf9es 9 a g>ret1 & by :om he has "s insane prog5y4 ,let x n be imag9$ t ! discov]y ( ! precise laws ( cross+ or int]m>riage1 & ! be/ direction ( physical liv+ =ces1 9 relation bo? to ! vital faculties & to ^? ( ! m9d1 ^u :i* k & skill may op]ate = ! improvem5t ( our race1 is a matt] ( difficulty4 ,x w be %[n 9 ?is "w1 t !re exi/ n only an influ5ce ( beauty & defects on (fspr+1 b peculi> laws regulat+ ! resemblance ( prog5y to p>5ts--laws :i* reg>d ! mode 9 :i* ! organization ( p>5ts affects t ( *ildr51 or regulates ! organs :i* ea* p>5t respectively be/[s4 ,x w accord+ly be %[n1 t1 z1 on ! size1 =m1 & proportion1 ( ! v>i\s organs1 dep5d _! functions1 ! importance ( su* laws is indescribable--:e!r we reg>d int]m>riages1 & t immunity f m5tal or bodily disease :i*1 :5 well direct$1 !y may ensure1 or ! det]m9ation ( ! p>5tage ( a *ild--or ! education ( *ildr51 9 con=mity ) _! faculties--or ! employm5t ( m5 9 society4 ,i conclude ?is brief view 9 ! words ( ! writ] j quot$3 ,x is assur$ly "t = u to attempt to d = ourselves t :i* we h done s successfully = sev]al ( our companions 9 exi/5ce1 to review & correct ?is "w ( nature--a noble ent]prise1 :i* truly m]its all our c>es1 & :i* nature itself appe>s to h especially recomm5d$ to u by ! sympa?ies & ! p[]s :i* x has giv5 u4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,urg5cy ,,( ,,! ,,discussion ,,( ,,?is ,,subject ,,9 ,,relation ,,to ,,! ,,int]e/s ,,( ,,dec5cy ,,& ,,morality4 ,x has n[ be5 se5 t beauty results f ! p]fection1 *iefly ( ext]nal =ms1 & ! correspond5ce ( t p]fection ) sup]iority ( int]nal functions2 on ! m or less p]fect p]ception ( :i*1 love1 int]m>riage1 & ! condition ( our race1 are dep5dant4 ,?is mode ( consid]+ ! elem5ts1 ! nature1 & ! consequ5ces ( beauty1 is equally applicable to ! two sexes2 b1 9 woman1 ! =m ( ! species pres5ts peculi> modifications4 ,9 ?is "w1 x is ! =m ( woman :i* is *os5 = exam9ation1 because x w be f\nd1 by ! contra/ :i* is p]petually necess>y1 to involve a k ( ! =m ( man1 because x is be/ calculat$ to ensure att5tion f m51 & because x is m5 :o1 ex]cis+ ! p[] ( selection1 h alone ! ability ?us to ensure individual happ9ess1 & to ameliorate ! species2 :i* are ! objects ( ?is "w4 ,let x n be imag9$ t ! views n[ tak5 are less favorable to woman ?an to man4 ,:atev] ensures ! happ9ess ( "o ensures t ( ! o!r2 & z ! v>iety ( =ms & functions 9 man requires z _m v>ieties 9 woman1 x is n to exclusion or rejection ) reg>d to woman t ?is "w t5ds1 b to a reason$ guidance 9 man's *oice1 to ! great] suitabl5ess ( all int]m>riages1 & to ! great] happ9ess ( woman z well z man1 bo? 9 h]self & 9 h] prog5y4 ,b not)/&+ ! importance ( any "w :i* is 9 any degree calculat$ to promote su* an object1 "s w tell u t ! analysis ( female beauty1 on :i* x c alone be f\nd$1 is indelicate4--,i %all1 on ! contr>y1 %[ t dec5cy dem&s ?is analysis2 t ! int]e/s ( nature1 ( tru?1 ( ! arts1 & ( morality1 dem& x4 ,our pres5t notions ( sexual dec5cy belong m to art ?an to nature1 & may be divid$ into artificial & artful dec5cies4 ,artificial dec5cies are illu/rat$ 9 ! habits ( v>i\s nations4 ,!y h _! orig9 9 cold c\ntries1 :]e clo?+ is necess>y1 & :]e a deviation f ! degree or mode ( clo?+ con/itutes indec5cy4 ,!y c\ld n exi/ 9 hot climates1 :]e clo?+ is sc>cely possible4 ,9 hot climates1 natural dec5cy c alone exi/2 & !re is n1 ,i believe1 "o travell] 9 su* c\ntries ^: works d n prove t natural dec5cy !re exi/s z mu* z 9 cold c\ntries4 ,9 exemplification ( ?is1 ,i make a s+le quotation3 x w\ld be easy to make ?\s&s4 ,bur*ell1 speak+ ( ! ,bu%m5 ,hott5tots1 says3 ,! natural ba%ful res]ve ( y\? & innoc5ce is to be se5 z mu* among ^! savages1 z 9 m poli%$ nations2 & ! "y girls1 ?\gh want+ b little ( be+ p]fectly nak$1 ev9c$ z j a s5se ( mode/y z ! mo/ rigid & c>eful education c\ld h giv5 !m4 ,9 mild climates1 ! half-clo!d or slightly-clo!d p appe> to be some:at at a loss :at to d4 ,fond ( decorations1 l all savage or half-civiliz$ p1 !y seem to be divid$ betwe5 ! tatoo+ & pa9t+ ( hot climates1 & ! clo?+ ( cold ones2 & :5 !y adopt ! latt]1 !y d n rightly "k :at to conceal4 ,! works ( all travell]s af=d ! same illu/rations ( ?is fact4 ,i quote "o4 ,kotzebue describes ! cu/om among ! ,t>t> wom5 ( ,kasan1 ( fly+ or ( conceal+ _! c\nt5ance f ! sight ( a /rang]4 ,! necessity ( con=m+ to ?is cu/om ?rew into great emb>rassm5t a "y woman :o 0 oblig$ to pass sev]al times be=e ! ,g]man travell]4 ,%e at fir/ conceal$ h] face ) h] h&s2 b1 soon emb>rass$ by t attitude1 %e remov$ ! veil :i* cov]$ h] bosom1 & ?rew x ov] h] face4 ,t1 adds ,kotzebue1 01 z we say1 uncov]+ ,paul to cov] ,jacques3 ! bosom rema9$ nak$4 ,to cov] t1 %e next %[$ :at %\ld h be5 conceal$2 & if any?+ escap$ f h] h&s1 %e /oop$1 & !n1 says ,kotzebue1 ,i saw bo? "o & ! o!r4 ,9 cold] or m unc]ta9 climates1 ! greate/ degree ( cov]+ con/itutes ! greate/ degree ( artificial dec5cy3 fa%ion & dec5cy are conf\nd$4 ,among old-fa%ion$ p1 ( :om a good example may be f\nd 9 old c\ntrywom5 ( ! middle class 9 ,engl&1 x is indec5t to be se5 ) ! head unclo!d2 su* a woman is t]rifi$ at ! *ance ( be+ se5 9 t condition2 & if intrud$ on at su* a "t1 %e %rieks ) t]ror & flies to conceal h]self4 ,9 ! equally poli%$ d&y ( ! metropolis1 x is indec5t to be se5 )\t gloves4 ,:i* ( ^! respectable creatures is ! mo/ enlight5$1 ,i d n take ^u me to say2 b ,i believe t ! majority ( suffrages w\ld be 9 favor ( ! old woman4 ,s entirely are ^! dec5cies artificial1 t any numb] ( !m may easily be creat$1 n m]ely ) reg>d to man or woman1 b ev5 ) reg>d to dome/icat$ animals4 ,if x %\ld please "s p]sons p>tially to clo! horses1 c[s1 or dogs1 x w\ld ere long be felt t _! appe>+ 9 ! /reets )\t tr[s]s or aprons 0 grossly indec5t4 ,we might ?us create a real feel+ ( indec5cy1 ! p]ception ( a new impurity1 :i* w\ld take ! place ( ! =m] abs5ce ( all impure ?\ght1 & once e/abli%$1 ! evil w\ld be z real z our :ims h made x 9 o!r respects4 ,moral feel+ is deeply injur$ by ?is sub/itution ( impure ?\ghts1 h[ev] fancifully f\nd$1 = pure ones1 or r = ! entire abs5ce ( ?\ght ab\t wor?less ?+s4 ,artificial crimes are ?us made1 :i* are n ! less real because artificial2 = if aught ( ?is k9d is believ$ to be "r1 !re is weakness or wrong 9 its violation4 ,b violat$ x mu/ be1 if x 7 b accid5tally4 ,to corrupt m9ds1 ?is v violation ( artificial dec5cy 9 ! case ( woman af=ds ! ze/ = ! sake ( :i* _m ( ^! dec5cies seem to h be5 in/itut$2 & ?us are creat$ ! artful dec5cies4 ,! purpose & ! ze/ ( artful dec5cy are well illu/rat$ by coquetry4 ,coquetry adopts a g5]al concealm5t1 :i* x well kn[s c alone give a s5sual & s$uctive p[] to mom5t>y exposure4 ,coquetry es*ews p]man5t exposure z ! bane ( s5suality & s$uction2 & :]e ^! are great1 z among ! wom5 ( ,spa91 ! concealm5t ( dress is increas$1 ev5 9 w>m climates4 ,no?+ c ?r[ great] light ?an ?is does on ! nature ( ^! dec5cies4 ,t coquetry has well calculat$ h] proc$ure1 does n admit ( a d\bt4 ,%e appeals to imag9ation1 :i* %e kn[s w spread *>ms ov] ev5 ugly =ms2 %e seeks ! concealm5t "u :i* s5suality & lu/ are eng5d]$2 &1 9 m>riage1 %e at la/ lifts ! veil :i* gratifies1 only to disgu/1 & repays a s5sual halluc9ation by ye>s ( mis]y4 ,ought religion to claim ! "r ( say+ grace to su* unveil+ ( concealm5t & ! nuptial rites t foll[ x8 ,ought religion to pr(it by ! impurities ( sexual association8 ,m>riage is a civil c]emony 9 o!r c\ntries1 ev5 9 ,scotl&4 ,su* pr(ane & pr(itable sanctions h no?+ to d ) primitive ,*ri/ianity3 !y are abhorr5t to its lett] z well z to its _s4 ,b worldly & pr(itable religion is connect$ 9 bus9ess ) gov]nm5t1 "u ! firm ( ,*ur* & ,/ate1 & drives a ?riv+ trade1 9 :i* ! junior p>tn] is cont5t$ ) ! pr(it aris+ f ! common acts ( life1 :ile ! s5ior "o draws mu* ( 8 liv+ f o!r rites4#b ,:at is said "h1 is no argum5t = liv+ nudity3 t1 our climate & our cu/oms =bid2 &1 9 s do+1 we c only regret t !y are unfavorable to natural purity2 :ile p]fect famili>ity ) ! figure ensures t feel+ 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,a di/+ui%$ arti/ in=ms me t great] mode/y is n[h]e to be se5 ?an at ! ,life academy2 & x 0 an obs]vation ( ! great ,flaxman1 t ! /ud5ts1 9 ent]+ ! academy1 seem$ to hang up _! passions ) _! hats4 ,i c1 f p]sonal exp]i5ce1 give ! same te/imony 9 behalf ( m$ical /ud5ts at ! dissect+-rooms4 ,! famili>ity ( bo? ^! classes ) natural beauty leads !m only to seek to in=m _! m9ds & to purify _! ta/e4#c ,s9ibaldi obs]ves1 t no?+ is m injuri\s to morals & to heal?1 ?an ! incitem5ts ( ! wom5 :o 9 su* numb]s walk our /reets1 & t ! laws z to (f5ces aga9/ morals ought c]ta9ly to affect !m ! mom5t _! language or actions c be deem$ (f5sive4 ,b x is n to ^? :o are critically conv]sant ) ! highe/ beauty ( ! human figure1 t defective =ms1 ill-pa9t$ sk9s1 rude mann]s1 & contagi\s diseases1 are at all s$uctive4 ,no?+1 !n1 c be m favorable to virtue ?an ! decoration ( e h\se ) ! beautiful copies ( ! glori\s works ( anci5t ,greece2 & x is only humiliat+ to ?9k t :at has be5 s ext5sively done 9 ?is respect 9 ! be/ h\ses1 is less ow+ to our own ta/e ?an to ! poor w&]]s f ,lucca or ,b>ga4 ,exp]im5t on ?is subject is peculi>ly easy 9 ,london3 let any "o sp5d an h\r 9 ! %op ( ! v able ,mr4 ,s>ti1 ( ,dean /reet1 :]e he w meet ! mo/ lib]al att5tion1 & let him ask himself1 9 com+ out1 :e!r 8 moral feel+1 z well z 8 ta/e1 is n improv$4 ,^? :o _c make ?is exp]im5t1 w p]haps be satisfi$ ) ! assurance ( ,hog>?1 :o says3 ,! re/ ( ! body1 n hav+ advantages 9 common ) ! face1 w\ld soon satiate ! eye1 7 x to be z con/antly expos$1 nor w\ld x h m effect ?an a m>ble /atue4 ,surely ?is is decisive en\gh 9 its way6 ,n[ let !m m>k :at foll[s4 ,b1 he cont9ues1 :5 x is artfully clo!d & decorat$1 ! m9d at e turn resumes its imag9>y pursuits conc]n+ x4 ,?us1 if ,i may be all[$ a simile1 ! angl] *ooses n to see ! fi% he angles =1 until x is fairly caught4 ,he meant ( c\rse--! fi% *ooses n to see ! angl]1 until x is fairly caught6 ,be x kn[n !n to all1 ev5 ! mo/ ari/ocratic z to sexual association--,i say ! mo/ ari/ocratic1 & n ! mo/ religi\s1 because religion is 9 "s c\ntries made ! p&] to ari/ocracy--be x kn[n t ! critical judgm5t & pure ta/e = beauty are ! sole protection aga9/ l[ & degrad+ connexions4 ,home obs]ves t ! s5se ( beauty does n t5d to advance ! int]e/s ( society1 b :5 9 a due mean ) respect to /r5g?4 ,love 9 p>ticul> aris+ f a s5se ( beauty1 loses1 :5 excessive1 its sociable "*3 ! appetite = gratification1 prevail+ ov] affection = ! belov$ object1 is ungov]nable1 & t5ds viol5tly to its end1 reg>dless ( ! mis]y t mu/ foll[4 ,love 9 ?is /ate is no long] a sweet agreeable passion3 x becomes pa9ful1 l hung] or ?ir/1 & produces no happ9ess b 9 ! in/ant ( fruition4 ,?is discov]y sugge/s a mo/ important lesson1 t mod]ation 9 our desires & appetites1 :i* fits u = do+ our duty1 contributes at ! same "t ! mo/ to happ9ess3 ev5 social passions1 :5 mod]ate1 are m pleasant ?an :5 !y swell beyond prop] b\nds4 ,payne ,knight says3 ,:51 at ! age ( pub]ty1 animal desire obtrudes itself on a m9d already qualifi$ to feel & enjoy ! *>ms ( intellectual m]it1 ! imag9ation imm$iately beg9s to =m pictures ( p]fection1 by exagg]at+ & comb9+ 9 "o hypo!tic object e excell5ce t c possibly belong to ! :ole sex2 & ! fir/ individual t meets ! eye1 ) any ext]ior signs ( any ( ^! ideal excell5ces1 is imm$iately decorat$ ) !m all1 by ! creative magic ( a vigor\s & f]tile fancy4 ,h5ce1 %e in/antane\sly becomes ! object ( ! mo/ f]v5t affection1 :i* is z in/antane\sly cool$ by possession3 =1 z x 0 n ! object h]self1 b a false idea ( h] rais$ 9 heat$ imag9ation1 t call$ =? all ! lov]'s raptures1 all imm$iately vani% at ! detection ( 8 delusion2 & a degree ( disgu/ proportion$ to ! disappo9tm5t1 ( :i* x is ! inevitable consequ5ce1 in/antly succe$s4 ,?us x happ5s t :at are call$ love-mat*es are seldom or ev] happy4 ,n[1 no?+ c m effectually prev5t ev5 ! exi/5ce ( ! mania describ$ by ^! two philosoph]s ?an a critical judgm5t & a pure ta/e = beauty1 :i* aga9 !re=e are ! sole protection aga9/ l[ & degrad+ connexions4 ,a j s5se ( ?is tru? w give high enc\ragem5t to sculpture & pa9t+--arts :i* may ev]y:]e be look$ ^u z ! be/ te/s1 z well z ! be/ records1 ( civilization4 ,su* enc\ragem5t !y ne$ 9 tru?2 = ! mon/r\s monopoly ( l&$ prop]ty & ! accumulation ( weal? 9 few h&s--! great aim ( our political economy--r5d]s art poor1 inde$4 ,i am aw>e t ! vulg> among arti/s ?9k o!rwise2 f ! few ri* !y obta9 employm5t2 &1 l ! dog ) 8 ma/]1 !y look n beyond ! h& t doles out _! pittance4 ,b ! ri* are few2 & _! palaces are already fill$4 ,a diffusion ( weal? alone c give enc\ragem5t to art2 nor c ?is ev] be :ile ,briti% indu/ry is cru%$ "u ! weight ( enorm\s taxation4 ,hav+ remov$ "s objections to art1 ,i w\ld add a few words to arti/s on ! cause ( ! f9e arts 9 ,greece1 f a pap] ,i1 two ye>s ago1 contribut$ to a mon?ly p]iodical4#d ,t ! my?ology ( ,greece _h an influ5ce ov] its arts1 is g5]ally grant$2 b ,i am n aw>e1 t x has ei!r be5 %[n to be exclusively _! cause1 or t its mode ( op]ation has ev] be5 expla9$4 ,religion1 ,i may obs]ve1 is z natural to man z 8 weakness & helplessness4 ,!re is n "o ( its sy/ems1 n ev5 ! vile/1 :i* has n af=d$ him consolation4 ,( its high] & bett] sy/ems1 "s are equally admirable = ! gr&eur & ! beauty ( ! tru?s on :i* !y are f\nd$1 ! simplicity & ! elegance ( _! o/5sible =ms1 ! p[] & applicability ( _! symbols1 & _! sympa?y )1 & control ov]1 ! affections & ! imag9ation4 ,^! high *>act]i/ics peculi>ly di/+ui%$ ! religion ( anci5t ,greece4 ,by bigots1 we are inde$ told1 t1 ?\gh ,hom] is our model 9 epic1 ,anacreon 9 lyric1 & s*ylus 9 dramatic poetry--?\gh ! music ( ,greece d\btless correspond$ to its poetry 9 beauty1 pa?os1 & gr&eur--?\gh ! m]e wreck ( h] sculpture is nev] ov]look$ 9 mod]n w> & negotiation--?\gh ! m]e sight ( h] ru9$ ,p>!non is m ?an a rew>d = ! fatigue or ! p]il ( a j\rney to ! ,et]nal city--?\gh ^! products ( art are ! te/ ( ! highe/ civilization :i* ! _w has witness$--?\gh to ^! *iefly ,rome ow$ ! little civilization ( :i* %e 0 capable1 & we ourselves ! circum/ance t1 at ?is h\r1 we are n1 l our ance/ors1 cov]$ only ) blue pa9t or ! sk9s ( brutes--?\gh all ?is is true z to ! arts ( ,greece1 we are told t1 by ! /range/ exception1 ! religion ( ,greece 0 a base sup]/ition4 ,t religion1 h[ev]1 0 ! creator ( ^! arts4 ,!y n only c\ld n h exi/$ )\t x1 b !y probably c\ld nev] h be5 call$ into exi/5ce by any o!r religion4 ,! p]sonification ( simple ,beauty1 ,valor1 ,wisdom1 or ,omnipot5ce1 9 ,v5us1 ,m>s1 ,m9]va1 or ,jupit]1 respectively1 0 ess5tial to ! purity & ! p[] ( expression ( ^! attributes 9 ! wor%ip ( ! deities to :om !y respectively belong$4 ,! union ( absolute beauty & valor 9 "o be+1 is n m impossible ?an _! union 9 "o expression ( homage & admiration4 ,delicacy1 elegance1 & grace1 7 z *>act]i/ic ( ! /atue1 ! wor%ip1 & ! temple1 ( ! goddess ( beauty1 z attributes ne>ly opposite to ^! 7 ( ! /atue1 ! wor%ip1 & ! temple1 ( ! god ( w>4 ,?us1 7 ! f9e arts 9 ,greece creat$ by ! p]sonification ( simple attributes or virtues z objects ( adoration2 & ?us is excell5ce 9 ^! f9e arts incapable ( be+ elicit$ by any sy/em ( religion 9 :i* m ?an "o attribute is ascrib$ to ! god4 ,!y mu/ be ignorant1 inde$1 ( ! wond]ful p ( :om ,i n[ speak1 :o allege1 t ! ,greeks wor%ipp$ ! m]e /atue ( ! god & n ! p]sonifi$ virtue4 ,ev5 ! hi/ory ( _! religion proves ! rev]se4 ,x 0 ! tomb :i* became ! alt>1 & reta9$ ne>ly its =m4 ,x 0 ! expression ( love1 ( regret1 & ( v5]ation = dep>t$ virtue1 :i* became div9e adoration2 &1 z individual acts & ev5 individual names 7 ultimately lo/ 9 "o transc5d5t attribute1 s 7 individual =ms & features1 9 its purifi$ & ideal repres5tation4 ,"h1 !n1 in/ead ( f9d+ ! wor%ip ( m5 or ( _! repres5tations1 we discov] a gradual advance f be+s to attributes--f mortal man to et]nal virtue--& a correspond+ & suitable advance f simple v5]ation to div9e adoration4 ,:51 9 great em]g5cies ( ! /ate1 ! sages & ! soldi]s ( ,a!ns1 9 solemn procession repair$ to ! temple ( ,m9]va1 turn$ _! faces t[>d ! /atue ( ! goddess1 & pro/rat$ !mselves 9 _s be=e h]--let ! beautiful hi/ory ( ,grecian sci5ce tell1 :e!r 9 ! /atue !y wor%ipp$ ! m]e m>ble /ructure1 or1 9 its =ms & attributes1 beheld & ador$ a p]sonification ( et]nal tru? & wisdom1 & s prep>$ ! m9d = de$s :i* h r5d]$ ,greece = ev] illu/ri\s4 ,or1 :5 return+ f a ,m>a?on1 or a ,salamis1 ! w>riors ( ,a!ns1 foll[$ by tra9s ( maid5s1 & matrons1 & old m51 return$ ?anks to ! god ( victories--let ! immortal record ( ! long s]ies ( glori\s a*ievem5ts :i* succe$$ ^!1 tell1 :e!r gratitude to _! h]oes 0 n !re id5tifi$ ) homage to ! _s or ! div9ity t inspir$ !m4 ,true x is1 t1 :5ev] physical or moral pr9ciples are p]sonifi$1 ! ignorant may be l$ to mi/ake ! sign = t :i* is signifi$2 b "o ( ! mo/ admirable *>act]i/ics ( ! ,grecian religion is1 t1 ) little ef=t1 e ext]nal =m may be trac$ to ! _s :i* x repres5ts1 & e fable may be resolv$ into a beautiful illu/ration ( physical or moral tru?4 ,s t :5 my/ic influ5ces1 ) increas+ k1 ceas$ to sway ! imag9ation1 all-p[]ful tru?s direct$ ! reason4 ,! natural & poetical religion ( ,greece1 !re=e1 diff]$ f false & vulg> religions 9 ?is1 t x 0 calculat$ to hold equal empire ov] ! m9ds ( ! ignorant & ! wise2 & ! initiations ( ,eleusis 7 app>5tly ! solemn acts by :i* ! y\?s & maid5s ( ,greece pass$ f ignorance & bl9d ob$i5ce to k & enlight5$ zeal4 ,?us1 9 t happy region1 nei!r 7 ! prie/s knaves1 nor ! p _! dupes4#e ,& :at has be5 ! result ( ?is fundam5tal excell5ce8--t no int]polat$ fool]ies h be5 able to de/roy x2--t ! religion ( ,greece exi/s1 & mu/ ev] exi/1 ! religion ( nature1 g5ius1 & ta/e2--& t nei!r poetry nor ! arts c h be+ )\t x4 ,s*ill] has well express$ ?is tru? 9 ! foll[+ l9es3-- ,! intelligible =ms ( anci5t poets1 ,! fair humanities ( old religion1 ,! p[]1 ! beauty1 & ! maje/y1 ,t _h _! haunts 9 dale1 or p9y m\nta9s1 ,or =e/1 by sl[ /ream1 or pebbly spr+1 ,or *asms1 & wat]y dep?s--all ^! h vani%$2 ,!y live no long] 9 ! fai? ( reason2 ,b /ill ! he>t do? ne$ a language2 /ill ,do? ! old in/9ct br+ back ! old names2 99 99 ,& ev51 at ?is day1 ',tis ,jupit] :o br+s :ate'er is great1 ,& ,v5us :o br+s ev]y?+ t's fair4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,cautions ,,z ,,to ,,y\?4 ,9 relation to e>ly sexual association1 x _c be d\bt$1 t1 :5 ! in/9ct ( reproduction beg9s to be develop$1 ! res]ve :i* p>5ts1 relatives1 & in/ruct]s1 adopt on ?is subject1 is (t5 ! means ( produc+ injuri\s effects2 because1 a sy/em ( concealm5t on ?is subject1 z obs]v$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 is q impracticable4 ,discov]ies made by "y p]sons 9 obsc5e books1 ! ungu>d$ language or %ameless conduct ( gr[n-up p]sons1 ev5 ! wild flights ( an imag9ation :i* is !n easily excit$1 w h ! mo/ fatal consequ5ces4 ,p>5ts or in/ruct]s ought1 !re=e1 at t critical p]iod1 to give rational explanations z to ! nature & ! object ( ! prop5sity1 ! me*anism ( reproduction 9 v>i\s vegetable & animal be+s1 & ! fatal consequ5ces to :i* ?is prop5sity may lead4 ,su* proc$ure1 if well conduct$1 _c b h ! mo/ b5eficial results2 because1 9 ord] t a sane p]son %\ld avoid any dang]1 x is only necess>y t he %\ld see x di/9ctly4 ,! advantage1 x has be5 obs]v$1 :i* ! p>5t1 relative1 or in/ruct]1 d]ives1 f himself 9 =m+ ! adolesc5t 9 ! new faculty :i* is develop$ 9 him1 is to prev5t 8 *oos+1 among corrupt s]vants or ignorant y\?s ( 8 own age1 ! confidants ( 8 passion4 ,! p>5t or in/ruct]1 moreov]1 is !n ju/ly entitl$ to1 & has gratefully giv5 to him1 ! entire confid5ce ( ! adolesc5t2 & he is !reby enabl$ exactly to appreciate ! degree ( p[] ( ! prop5sity :i* he desires to div]t or to guide4 ,su* be+ ! case1 x is ! bus9ess ( ! p>5t to pres5t a true picture ( ! effects ( too e>ly association ( ?is k9d1 on ! /ature1 ! v>i\s developm5t ( ! figure1 ! muscul> p[]1 ! quality ( ! voice1 ! heal?1 ! moral s5se1 & especially on ! acut5ess1 ! p[]1 ! dignity1 & ! c\rage1 ( ! m9d4 ,9 do+ ?is1 x w\ld be z /upid z injuri\s to employ ! slighte/ degree ( false repres5tation1 ( unju/ reprim&1 or too mu* ( :at is call$ moraliz+1 :i* is (t5 only ! contemptible cant ( a be+ :o _c reason1 especially :5 x takes ! place ( a simple & p[]ful /atem5t ( facts4 ,all ( ^! w\ld only r5d] ! "y man a dissembl]1 & w\ld compel him to *oose ano!r confidant4 ,among o!r consid]ations1 v>y+ accord+ to ! circum/ances ( ! case1 ^? /at$ bel[ may ) advantage be pres5t$4 ,at a c]ta9 p]iod 9 ! life bo? ( plants & animals1 v>y+ accord+ to _! k9d & ! climate !y live 91 !y are fit = & dispos$ to ! reproduction ( _! species4 ,! sexes 9 bo? are !n attract$ to ea* o!r4 ,9 plants1 ! p[d] t]m$ poll51 9 animals a peculi> liquid :i*1 d]iv+ its "n by analogy f ! se$s ( plants1 is t]m$ sem9al1 is secret$ by ! male plant or animal1 &1 by organs diff]5tly =m$ 9 ea* k9d1 is ca/ ^u ova or eggs ei!r conta9$ )91 or deposit$ by1 ! female4 ,! details ( ?is process are among ! mo/ beautiful & int]e/+ ( ! liv+ economy4 ,9 mank9d1 ! atta9m5t ( ?is p]iod is t]m$ pub]ty4 ,x is ) ?is critical p]iod1 & 8 conduct dur+ x1 t all t ! y\? deems mo/ valuable1 all t c decide 8 =tunes & 8 happ9ess 9 ! _w1 8 /ature1 figure1 /r5g?1 voice1 heal?1 & m5tal p[]s1 are mo/ intimately connect$4 ,9 reg>d to /ature1 ! body appe>s to complete its increase 9 height *iefly at ! age ( pub]ty1 & dur+ ! fir/ ye>s :i* succe$ t age4 ,to be assur$ ( ! p[]ful influ5ce ( 8 own conduct1 at ?is p]iod1 ^u 8 /ature1 ! y\? has only to comp>e ! tall m5 & wom5 ( ! c\ntry z 9 ,york%ire1 ,lanca%ire1 ,we/morel&1 ,cumb]l&1 & ! ,scotti% bord]s1 :]e !y h n be5 ov]work$1 ) ! /unt$ & dw>f$ creatures ( ! metropolis1 :]e a /rang]1 :5 he fir/ ent]s x1 is apt to ?9k he sees s _m ugly boys & girls1 :]eas1 !y are full-gr[n ,london m5 & wom54 ,half ! population ( ! metropolis is affect$ 9 ?is way2 & x is ! obvi\s consequ5ce ( ! accel]ation ( pub]ty by conf9em5t1 /imulat+ food1 indec5t plays1 & sexual association4 ,9 reg>d to ! p]fect developm5t & beauty ( ! figure1 ! y\? is probably aw>e t ! mo/ beautiful races ( horses & dogs rapidly det]iorate1 if m5 d n c>efully ma9ta9 !m by cont95ce z well z by cross+4 ,! too e>ly employm5t1 ! deprav$ abuses1 ! injury1 or ! removal1 ( ! sexual organs1 are all ( !m causes /ill m c]ta9 ( de=mity4 ,! latt] ( ^! causes acts1 ( c\rse1 mo/ obvi\sly2 & x is evid5c$ 9 ! almo/ univ]sal mal=mation ( eunu*s1 geld+s1 c4 ,t1 9 reg>d to bodily /r5g?1 sexual cont95ce adds en]gy to ! muscul> fibre1 is cle>ly se5 by obs]v+ ! mo/ ard5t quadrup$s previ\s to ! "t ( ! union ( _! sexes4 ,b1 ?is be+ pa/1 precisely 9 ! same proportion does ! act ( reproduction debilitate & break d[n ! /ronge/ animal4 ,_m male animals ev5 fall almo/ exhau/$ by a s+le act ( union ) ! opposite sex4 ,e classical /ud5t has read ! beautiful allegory ( ,h]cules1 :o1 hav+ spun at ! knees ( ,omphale 7,greek3 omphalos ! navel1 "h put = ! mo/ ess5tial "p ( ! female g5]ative organ71 !reby lo/ 8 /r5g?3 ?is beautifully expresses ! abasem5t ( p[] amid ! indulg5ces ( love4 ,euripides also depicts ! t]rible ,a*illes z timid be=e wom51 & respectful ) ,clytemne/ra & ,iphig5ia4 ,h5ce1 :5 a fooli% "l reproa*$ ! poet ,dryd5 ) hav+ giv5 too mu* timidity t[>d wom5 to a p]sonage 9 "o ( 8 trag$ies1 & add$ t he knew bett] h[ to employ 8 "t ) ! ladies1 ! poet answ]$3 ,y n[ ackn[l$ge t y are no h]o1 :i* ,i int5d$ t p]sonage to be4 ,z to voice1 :i* dep5ds on ! muscles ( respiration1 & m imm$iately on ^? ( ! m\? & ?roat1 z g5]al /r5g? does on ! muscles ( ! :ole body1 bo? m]ely af=d+ expressions ( ! m9d1 ! influ5ce ( ! sexual union ^u x is prodigi\s4 ,h[ entirely x is alt]$ by ! removal ( ! te/es 9 eunu*s is kn[n to e "o3 9 correspond+ proportion1 is x alt]$ by e act ( ! g5]ative organs1 b especially by sexual indulg5ce dur+ pub]ty4 ,! horrible voice ( e>ly lib]t9es & pro/itutes pres5ts an al>m+ example ( ?is4 ,to ^? :o value voice 9 conv]sation1 9 ! delightful & humaniz+ ex]cise ( music1 or 9 ! gr&] ef=ts ( public speak+1 no?+ m ne$ be said4 ,z to heal?1 ! less we are prodigal ( life1 ! long] we pres]ve x4 ,e "o capable ( obs]v+ may see t ! /ag loses 8 horns & 8 hair aft] procreation2 t birds fall into m\lt+ & sadness2 & t male insects ev5 p]i% aft] ?is ef=t1 z if !y yield$ _! individual life to _! prog5y4 ,inde$1 ev]y?+ p]i%es s mu* ! m readily1 z x has ?us transmitt$ life to its desc5dants1 or has ca/ x away 9 va9 pleasures4 ,9 mank9d1 z 9 o!r animals1 to procreate is 9 effect to die to "o's self1 & to leave "o's life to po/]ity2 especially1 if ?is takes place 9 e>ly life4 ,x is !n t man becomes bald & b5t2 & t ! *>ms ( woman fade4 ,ev5 9 advanc$ age1 epicures are s well aw>e ( ?is1 t !y are kn[n to ab/a9 f amor\s excess1 z ! ackn[l$g$ cause ( premature dea?4 ,9 relation to m9d--z ! g5]ative p[] is ! s\rce ( sev]al *>act]i/ics ( g5ius1 ! exhau/ion ( t p[] at an e>ly age mu/ take away ^! *>act]i/ics4 ,g5ius z surely langui%es & is ext+ui%$ amid e>ly sexual indulg5ce1 z d ! faculties ( voice & locomotion1 :i* are m]ely its signs & expressions4 ,x is ?us ) all our faculties1 locomotive1 vital1 m5tal1 at an e>ly age4 ,!y are /r5g!n$ by all t !y d n dissipate2 & t :i* _! organs too abundantly disp5se is n only tak5 imm$iately f _! own p[]1 & m$iately f t ( ! o!r organs1 b x ensures ! p]man5t debility ( ! :ole4 ,x is true t ! /rong passions :i* are modifi$ or *>act]iz$ by ! sexual impulse1 excite ! imag9ation & impel ! m9d to sublime ex]tions2 b ! sole means ( ei!r obta9+ or pres]v+ su* impulsion is1 to %un ! indulg5ce ( pleasure 9 e>ly life1 & its wa/e at lat] p]iods4 ,x has accord+ly be5 obs]v$1 t ! passion ( love appe>s to be mo/ excessive 9 animals :i* lea/ excel 9 m5tal faculties4 ,?us ! bea/s :i* are ! mo/ lascivi\s1 ! ass1 ! bo>1 c41 are also ! mo/ /upid2 & idiots & cret9s display a s5suality :i* brutifies !m /ill m4 ,h5ce1 ! ,hom]ic fable t ,circe trans=m$ m5 into bea/s4 ,x w\ld also appe> t ! mo/ /upid animals1 sw9e1 rabbits1 c41 9 g5]al produce ! greate/ numb] ( "y2 :ile m5 ( g5ius h eng5d]$ ! fewe/4 ,x is rem>k$ t none ( ! greate/ m5 ( antiquity 7 mu* giv5 to sexual pleasure4 ,x is1 !n1 ( ! greate/ importance to "y m5 :o are ambiti\s ( excell5ce1 to m>k well ?is tru?1 t ! mo/ p[]ful & di/+ui%$ 9 m5tal faculties1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 w be he :o wa/es !m lea/ 9 e>ly life by sexual indulg5ce--:o mo/ economizes ! vital /imulant1 9 ord] to excite ! m5tal p[]s on great occasions4 ,by su* means may a man surely surpass o!rs1 if he h receiv$ f 8 p>5ts proportional m5tal en]gy4 ,beside ! means already indicat$1 !re is "o propos$ by an able writ]1 z s]v+ to div]t ! in/9ct ( propagation :5 too e>ly & excessive1 & consequ5tly dang]\s3 t is1 ! s5tim5t ( love4 ,to employ ?is means1 he obs]ves1 x is necess>y to se>* e>ly1 aft] kn[+ ! "* ( ! adolesc5t :om x is wi%$ to direct1 = a "y woman ^: beauty & good qualities may inspire him ) atta*m5t4 ,?is means w s]ve1 m ?an c easily be imag9$1 to pres]ve ! adolesc5t bo? f ! gross] attractions ( lib]t9ism & ! disease x entails1 & f ! m dang]\s sn>es ( coquetry4 ,x is1 he adds1 a virtu\s "y woman & a solid atta*m5t t are "h spok5 (4--,at "s future p]iod ,i %all probably %[ h[ wise ?is recomm5dation is1 z well z ! necessity & ! advantages ( e>ly m>riages1 "u favorable circum/ances4 ,hav+ n[ %[n ! evils ( e>ly sexual association1 ,i may briefly notice ^? ( lat] lib]t9ism4 ,if1 ev5 9 m advanc$ life1 & :5 ! con/itution is /rong]1 ! in/9ct ( propagation be n re/ra9$ )9 j limits1 x deg5]ates into inord9ate lewdness or real mania3 ,repp]it obscnas v5]es vitiosa libido4 ,by su* depravation1 nobl5ess ( "* is utt]ly de/roy$4 ,?is sc>cely evitable consequ5ce ( great =tune & ( ! facility ( indulg5ce1 x has be5 ju/ly obs]v$1 w ev] be ! ru9 ( ! ri*1 & a mode ( en]vat+ ! mo/ vigor\s bran*es ( ! mo/ p[]ful h\se4 ,! lib]t9e1 !n1 ow+ to exhau/ion1 by sexual indulg5ce1 is *>act]iz$ by physical & moral impot5ce1 or has a bra9 z incapable ( ?9k+1 z 8 muscles are ( act+4 ,z lib]t9es are enfeebl$ by indulg5ce1 x foll[s t !y are proportionally di/+ui%$ by fe> & c[>dice4 ,no?+1 inde$1 de/roys c\rage m ?an sexual abuses4 ,b1 f c[>dice1 spr+ cunn+1 duplicity1 ly+1 & p]fidy4 ,^! common results ( c[>dice are uni=mly f\nd 9 eunu*s1 slaves1 c\rti]s1 & sycophants2 :ile boldness1 frankness1 & g5]osity1 belong to virtu\s1 free1 & magnanim\s m54 ,aga91 c[>dice1 artifice1 falsehood1 & p]fidy1 are ! usual elem5ts ( cruelty4 ,m5 feel m w\nd$ 9 self-love1 z !y are consci\s ( be+ m contemptible2 & !y av5ge !mselves ) m malignity ^u _! enemy1 z !y f9d !mselves m weak & wor?less1 & z !y consequ5tly dread him m4 ,^! are ! causes ( t malignant rev5ge :i* pr9ces h (t5 %[n1 z1 9 anci5t times1 ,tib]ius1 ,caligula1 ,n]o1 ,domitian1 ,heliogabalus1 c4 ,9 lat] times1 ,ca?>9e de ,m$ici solicit$ ! massacre ( ! ,prote/ants2 ,paul1 ,con/ant9e1 & ,ni*olas1 ( ,russia1 7 happy only :5 !y wall[$ 9 blood2 ,*>les ,x41 equally effem9ate & bigot$1 p]petrat$ ! massacre ( ! ,p>isians2 ,don ,miguel cov]$ ,portugal ) 8 assass9ations2 & ne>ly all ! sov]eigns & sycophants 9 ,europe upheld or palliat$ 8 atrocities4#g ,! /rong & brave man1 on ! contr>y1 sc>cely feels hurt1 & scorns rev5ge4 ,x is n cruelty only ) :i* we may reproa* ^! effem9ate individuals3 x is e vice :i* spr+s f bas5ess ( "*4 ,lib]t9ism1 moreov]1 is n hurtful only to ! heal? & welf>e ( ^! individuals3 x is s also to ^? ( _! po/]ity4 ,f9ally1 ! results ( lib]t9ism h con/antly m>k$1 n m]ely ! ru9 ( families1 b ! deg5]ation ( races1 & ! decay ( empires4 ,! delights ( ,capua caus$ ! ru9 ( ,hannibal2 & ! ,roman1 once s pr\d be=e k+s1 f9ally trans=m$ himself into ! wret*$ slave ( mon/]s degrad$ f> bel[ ! rank ( humanity4 ,s little1 h[ev]1 d m5 look to remote consequ5ces t p]haps ! mo/ frightful puni%m5ts ( lib]t9ism are ! diseases :i* x inflicts4 ,man may1 !n1 be said to meet only dea? on ! pa? ( life4 ,! dang]s ( promiscu\s love are1 inde$1 f> beyond :at "y m5 w easily believe4 ,i d n exagg]ate :5 ,i /ate1 t1 out ( e ?ree wom51 & ^? ! lea/ common ( ! promiscu\s1 two at lea/ are c]ta9ly 9 a /ate ( disease capable ( ! mo/ de/ructive infection4 ,a surgeon 9 ! habit ( receiv+ f\l pati5ts at a public hospital tells me1 ,i might safely say t n9e out ( e t5 are 9 ?is /ate4#h ,:ile writ+ ?is1 ,sir ,an?ony ,c>lisle obs]ves to me1 t1 ! special disease :i* appe>s to be a puni%m5t = sexual pr(ligacy1 is n only malignant1 pa9ful1 & hide\s1 9 e /age ( x1 b ! only rem$y kn[n = its cure1 m]cury1 is a poison :i* g5]ally leaves its own evils = ! v5om :i* x de/roys4 ,?is frightful disease has no natural t]m9ation b 9 a disgu/+ disgraceful dea?1 aft] disfigur+ ! c\nt5ance1 by caus+ bl9dness1 loss ( ! nose1 ! palate & tee?1 & by ! spoliation ( ! s9n+ organs4 ,! mis]ables1 :o ?us p]i% 9 public hospitals1 are s (f5sive to ! m respectable pati5ts1 t !y are conf9$ to appo9t$ rooms1 t]m$ f\l w>ds1 :]e !y l+] & die 9 ! bloom ( life1 ei!r ( ! p5alty inflict$ by _! pr(ligacy1 ( ! poison adm9i/]$ to !m1 or ( incurable consequ5t diseases1 su* z consumption1 palsy1 or madness4 ,h5ce1 x has be5 obs]v$1 t1 if we h to deal ) a "y man incapable ( guidance by ! nobl] motives1 ( feel+ contempt = vice1 & horror = debau*]y1 !re yet rema9 means to be employ$4 ,let him be conduct$ to ! hospital1 :]e he w f9d collect$ ! poor victims ( debau*]y--! unhappy wom5 :om1 ev5 ! day be=e1 he may h se5 9 ! /reets1 ) faces dress$ 9 smiles1 amid ! torm5ts1 ! corrosion1 & ! contagion ( disease4 ,?is may leave an impression suffici5tly deep4 ,b let him also "k t ^! unhappy creatures are a ?\s& times m pitiable ?an ! lib]t9e :o de/roys !m1 & :o =feits ! only good we _c refuse to o!r wret*es1 compassion = ! mis]y he endures4#i ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,nature ,,( ,,beauty4 ,9 ?is *apt]1 my aim is to %[ t !re is m ?an "o k9d ( beauty1 & t mu* confusion has aris5 among writ]s1 f n cle>ly di/+ui%+ ! *>act]i/ics ( ^! k9ds4 ,an ess5tial condition1 !n1 ( all excitem5t & action 9 animal bodies1 is a great] or less degree ( novelty 9 ! objects impress+ !m--ev5 if ?is novelty %\ld arise only f a previ\s cessation ( excitem5t4 ,n[1 objects ( great] or less novelty are ! causes ( excitem5t1 pleasurable or pa9ful1 by means ( _! v>i\s relations4 ,! l[e/ degree ( bodily pleasure 7?\gh1 ow+ to its con/ancy1 imm5se 9 its total am\nt7 is t :i* arises1 dur+ heal?1 f ^? relations ( bodies & t excitem5t :i* cause ! m]e local ex]cise ( ! organs--a s\rce ( pleasure :i* is seldom ! object ( our volunt>y att5tion1 b :i* seems to me to be ! *ief cause ( atta*m5t to life amid its m def9ite & conspicu\s evils4 ,all high] m5tal emotions consi/ ( pleasure or pa9 sup]add$ to m or less def9ite ideas4 ,pleasurable emotions arise f ! agreeable relations ( ?+s2 pa9ful emotions1 f ! disagreeable ones4 ,! t]m by :i* we express ! influ5ce :i* objects1 by means ( _! relations1 possess ( excit+ emotions ( pleasure 9 ! m9d1 is ,,beauty4 ,beauty1 :5 f\nd$ on ! relations ( objects1 or ( ! p>ts ( objects1 to ea* o!r1 =ms a fir/ class1 & may be t]m$ intr9sic beauty4 ,:5 beauty is f>!r consid]$ 9 relation to ourselves1 x =ms a second class1 & may be t]m$ extr9sic beauty4 ,we are next l$ 7hi!rto ?is has app>5tly be5 done )\t analyz+ or def9+ ! op]ation7 to a division ( ! latt] into two g5]a2 namely1 ! m9or beauty1 ( :i* prett9ess1 delicacy1 c41 are modifications1 & t :i* is call$ gr&eur or sublimity4 ,! *>act]s ( ! m9or beauty or prett9ess1 ) relation to ourselves1 are smallness1 subord9ation1 & subjection4 ,h5ce female beauty1 9 relation to ! male4 ,! *>act]s ( gr&eur or sublimity1 ) relation to ourselves1 are greatness1 sup]ord9ation1 & p[]4 ,h5ce male beauty1 9 relation to ! female4 ,by ! prec$+ brief tra9 ( analysis & def9ition1 is1 ,i believe1 answ]$ ! "q--:e!r ! emotion ( gr&eur make a bran* ( ! emotion ( beauty1 or be entirely di/9ct f x4 ,hav+1 by ?is concise /atem5t ( my own views on ^! subjects1 made ! read] acqua9t$ ) "s ( ! mat]ials ( future consid]ation "h employ$1 ,i may n[ exam9e ! op9ions ( "s philosoph]s1 9 ord] to see h[ f> !y accord ) ^! fir/ pr9ciples1 & :at answ] c be giv5 to !m :]e !y diff]4 ,t beauty1 g5]ally consid]$1 has no?+ to d ) p>ticul> size1 is v well %[n by ,payne ,knight1 :o1 ?\gh he argues incorrectly ab\t x 9 _m o!r respects1 "h truly says3 ,all degrees ( magnitude contribute to beauty 9 proportion z !y %[ objects to be p]fect 9 _! k9d4 ,! dim5sions ( a beautiful horse are v diff]5t f ^? ( a beautiful lapdog2 & ^? ( a beautiful oak f ^? ( a beautiful myrtle2 because1 nature has =m$ ^! diff]5t k9ds ( animals & vegetables ^u diff]5t scales4 ,! notion ( objects be+ r5d]$ beautiful by be+ gradually dim9i%$1 or tap]$1 is equally unf\nd$2 = ! same object1 :i* is small by degrees1 & beautifully less1 :5 se5 9 "o direction1 is l>ge by degrees1 & beautifully bigg]1 :5 se5 9 ano!r4 ,! /ems ( trees are tap]$ upw>d2 & ! columns ( ,grecian ar*itecture1 hav+ be5 tak5 f !m1 & !re=e reta9+ a degree ( analogy ) !m1 7 tap]$ upw>d too3 b ! legs ( animals are tap]$ d[nw>d1 & ! inv]t$ obelisks1 ^u :i* bu/s 7 plac$1 hav+ a simil> analogy to !m1 7 tap]$ d[nw>d also2 :ile pila/]s1 :i* _h no analogy ) ei!r1 b 7 m]e squ>e po/s t]m9at+ a wall1 nev] tap]$ at all4 ,speak+ ( beauty g5]ally1 & )\t see+ ! di/9ctions ,i h made above1 ,burke1 on ! contr>y1 /ates ! fir/ quality ( beauty to be comp>ative smallness1 & says3 ,9 ord9>y conv]sation1 x is usual to add ! ende>+ "n ( little to ev]y?+ we love2 & 9 mo/ languages1 ! objects ( love are spok5 ( "u dim9utive epi!ts4 ,?is is evid5tly true only ( ! objects ( m9or or subord9ate beauty1 :i* ,burke confus$ly ?\ght ! only k9d ( x1 ?\gh he else:]e grants1 t beauty may be connect$ ) sublimity6 ,x %[s1 h[ev]1 t relative littl5ess is ess5tial to t fir/ k9d ( beauty4 ,) great] k ( facts ?an ,burke possess$1 & ) z feeble reason+ p[]s1 b ) less ta/e1 & ) a p]v]se :imsicality :i* 0 all 8 own1 ,payne ,knight simil>ly1 mak+ no di/9ction 9 beauty1 consid]$ smallness z an accid5tal association1 fail$ to see t x *>act]iz$ a k9d ( beauty1 & argu$1 t if we jo9 ! dim9utive to a t]m :i* precludes all su* affection1 or does n ev51 9 "s degree1 express x1 x imm$iately conv]ts x into a t]m ( contempt & reproa*3 ?us1 a bantl+1 a fondl+1 a d>l+1 c41 are t]ms ( ende>m5t2 b a witl+1 a *angel+1 a lordl+1 c41 are inv>iably t]ms ( scorn3 s 9 ,fr5*1 'mon petit enfant1' is an expression ( ende>m5t2 b 'mon petit monsieur1' is an expression ( ! mo/ po9t$ reproa* & contempt4 ,n[1 ?is *att] ( grammatical t]m9ation & ,fr5* phrase1 ?\gh meant to look va/ly clev]1 is m]ely a blund]4 ,!re is no analogy 9 ! cases comp>$3 a d>l+ or little de> unites de>1 an expression ( love1 ) little1 imply+ t dep5dance :i* enhances love2 :ile witl+ or little wit unites wit1 an expression ( tal5t1 ) little1 mean+ ! small quantity or abs5ce ( ! tal5t allud$ to2 & x is because ! latt] t]m means1 n physical littl5ess1 :i* well associates ) love1 b moral littl5ess & m5tal degradation1 t x becomes a t]m ( contempt4 ,ev5 f ! little already said1 x seems evid5t t mu* ( ! confusion on ?is subject has aris5 f n di/+ui%+ ! two g5]a ( beauty1 & n see+ t ! emotion ( gr&eur is m]ely a bran* ( ! emotion ( beauty4 ,! o!r g5us ( beauty1 gr& or sublime beauty1 is well describ$ by ! names giv5 to x1 gr&eur or sublimity4 ,"s h consid]$ sublimity z express+ gr&eur 9 ! highe/ degree3 x w\ld p]haps be z well to express ! cause ( ! emotion by gr&eur1 & ! emotion itself by sublimity4 ,no?+ is sublime t is n va/ or p[]ful1 or t does n make him :o feels x s5sible ( its physical or moral sup]iority4 ,! simple/ cause ( sublimity is pres5t$ by all objects ( va/ magnitude or ext5t--a seem+ly b\ndless pla91 ! sky1 ! ocean1 c42 & ! p>ticul> direction ( ! magnitude or ext5t always correspond+ly modifies ! emotion--height giv+ m especially ! idea ( p[]1 bread? ( resi/ance1 dep? ( dang]1 c4 ,( ! objects m5tion$ above1 ! ocean is ! mo/ sublime1 because1 to va/ness 9 l5g? & bread?1 x adds dep?1 & a =ce p]petually active4 ,n[1 t ^! objects1 ?\gh sublime1 are beautiful1 is v evid5t2 & x is !re=e also evid5t h[ mu* ,burke err$ 9 ass]t+ comp>ative smallness to be ! fir/ "* ( beauty g5]ally consid]$4 ,?is & simil> errors1 z already said1 h greatly obscur$ ?is subject1 & h l$ ,burke & o!rs s to modify & qualify _! doctr9es1 z to take f !m all precision & c]ta9ty4 ,h5ce1 9 "o place1 ,burke says3 ,z1 9 ! animal _w1 & 9 a good measure 9 ! vegetable _w likewise1 ! qualities t con/itute beauty may possibly be unit$ to ?+s ( great] dim5sions t is1 littl5ess may be unit$ ) bigness62 :5 !y are s unit$ !y con/itute a species some?+ diff]5t bo? f ! sublime & beautiful1 :i* ,i h be=e call$1 ,f9e4 ,s also he says3 ,ugl9ess ,i imag9e likewise to be consi/5t en\gh ) an idea ( ! sublime4 ,b ,i w\ld by no means ins9uate t ugl9ess ( itself is a sublime idea1 unless unit$ ) su* qualities z excite a /rong t]ror4 ,"h1 he conf\nds sublimity ) t]ror1 z d ,blair & o!r writ]s1 :5 !y say t exact proportion ( p>ts1 ?\gh x ent]s (t5 into ! beautiful1 is mu* disreg>d$ 9 ! sublime4 ,x is a fact1 t exactly 9 proportion z ugl9ess is sub/itut$ = beauty 9 va/ objects1 is sublimity tak5 away1 until at la/ x is utt]ly lo/ 9 ! t]rible4 ,ev5 ,blair %[s t sublimity may exi/ )\t t]ror or pa94 ,! prop] s5sation ( sublimity appe>s1 he obs]ves1 to be di/+ui%able f ! s5sation ( ei!r ( ^!1 &1 on sev]al occasions1 to be entirely sep>at$ f !m4 ,9 _m gr& objects1 !re is no co9cid5ce ) t]ror at all2 z 9 ! magnific5t prospect ( wide-ext5d$ pla9s1 & ( ! />ry firmam5t2 or 9 ! moral dispositions & s5tim5ts1 :i* we view ) high admiration2 & 9 _m pa9ful & t]rible objects also1 x is cle>1 !re is no sort ( gr&eur4 ,! amputation ( a limb1 or ! bite ( a snake1 is exce$+ly t]rible1 b is de/itute ( all claim :atev] to sublimity4 ,payne ,knight %[s t t]ror is ev5 oppos$ to sublimity3 ,all ! great & t]rible convulsions ( nature2 su* z /orms1 tempe/s1 hurricanes1 e>?quakes1 volcanoes1 c41 excite sublime ideas1 & impress sublime s5tim5ts by ! prodigi\s ex]tions ( en]gy & p[] :i* !y seem to display3 = ?\gh ^! objects are1 9 _! nature1 t]rible1 & g5]ally kn[n to be s1 x is n ?is attribute ( t]ror t contributes1 9 ! smalle/ degree to r5d] !m sublime4444 ,timid wom5 fly to a cell>1 or a d>k5$ room1 to avoid ! sublime effects ( a ?und]-/orm2 because to !m !y are n sublime1 b t]rible4 ,to ^? only are !y sublime1 'qui =mid9e nulla imbuti spectant1' :o behold !m )\t any fe> at all2 & to :om1 !re=e1 !y are 9 no degree t]rible4 ,?is f>!r confirms ! di/9ction :i* ,i made ( beauty into m9or or subord9ate1 & gr& or sublime beauty1 al?\gh ,knight adopt$ o!r pr9ciples1 if pr9ciples !y may be call$1 & neglect$ su* di/9ction4 ,!re is b "o o!r error on ?is subject :i* ,i ne$ to notice4 ,burke says3 ,to make any?+ v t]rible1 obscurity seems 9 g5]al to be necess>y4 ,:5 we "k ! full ext5t ( any dang]1 :5 we c accu/om our eyes to x1 a great deal ( ! appreh5sion vani%es4 ,e "o w be s5sible ( ?is1 :o consid]s h[ greatly night adds to our dread1 9 all cases ( dang]4444 ,^? despotic gov]nm5ts :i* are f\nd$ on ! passions ( m51 & pr9cipally ^u ! passion ( fe>1 keep _! *ief z mu* z may be f ! public eye4 ,! policy has be5 ! same 9 _m cases ( religion4 ,almo/ all ! hea!n temples 7 d>k4 ,f :at has already be5 said1 x is evid5t t all ?is contributes to t]ror1 n to sublimity2 & t ! same error is made by ,blair :5 he says1 ,z obscurity1 s disord]1 too1 is v compatible ) gr&eur1 nay1 frequ5tly height5s x4 ,to expose ! weakness & to de/roy ! au?ority ( "s writ]s on ?is subject1 c only set ! m9d free = ! inve/igation ( tru?4 ,i may1 !re=e1 conclude ?is *apt] by quot+ ! %rewd rem>ks ( ,knight on "s ( ! pr9ciples ( ,burke4 ,i %all aft]w>d be =c$ critically to exam9e ! notions ( ,knight 9 _! turn4 ,burke /ates t ! highe/ degree ( sublime s5sation is a/oni%m5t2 & ! subord9ate degrees1 awe1 rev]5ce1 & respect2 all :i* he consid]s z modes ( t]ror4 ,& ,knight obs]ves t ?is graduat$ scale ( ! sublime1 f respect to a/oni%m5t1 _c1 p]haps be bett] illu/rat$ ?an by apply+ x to 8 own "*4 ,he 0 c]ta9ly1 says ,knight1 a v respectable man1 & rev]5c$ by all :o knew him intimately4 ,at "o p]iod ( 8 life1 too1 :5 he became ! dis9t]e/$ patron ( remote & injur$ nations1 :o _h none to help !m1 8 "* 0 truly sublime2 b1 unless ^u ^? :om he s ably & eloqu5tly arraign$1 ,i d n believe t x impress$ any awe4444 ,if1 dur+ ?is p]iod1 he _h sudd5ly appe>$ among ! manag]s 9 ,we/m9/] ,hall )\t 8 wig & coat1 or _h walk$ up ,/4 ,james's /reet )\t 8 bree*es1 x w\ld h occasion$ great & univ]sal a/oni%m5t2 & if he _h1 at ! same "t1 c>ri$ a load$ blund]buss 9 8 h&s1 ! a/oni%m5t w\ld h be5 mix$ ) no small portion ( t]ror3 b ,i d n believe t ! unit$ effects ( ^! two p[]ful passions w\ld h produc$ any s5tim5t or s5sation approa*+ to sublime1 ev5 9 ! brea/s ( ^? :o _h ! /ronge/ s5se ( self-pres]vation & ! quicke/ s5sibility ( dang]4 ,?us1 ,i believe1 x n[ appe>s t novelty#aj is ! excit+ cause ( pleasurable emotion1 & ( ! consequ5t p]ception ( beauty 9 ! relations ( ?+s1 & t ! two g5]a ( beauty--! m9or or subord9ate beauty1 & gr&eur or sublimity--h di/9ct *>act]i/ics1 ! conf\nd+ ( :i* by writ]s has l$ to ! obscurity ( ?is "p ( ! subject4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,/&>d ,,( ,,ta/e ,,9 ,,beauty4 ,! expression1 /&>d ( ta/e1 is us$ to signify ! basis or f\ndation ( our judgm5ts respect+ beauty & de=mity1 & _! consequ5t c]ta9ty4 ,sett+ aside su* objection z might be rais$ to a /&>d ( ta/e on ! doctr9e ( ,b]keley 7:i* ,i refut$ 9 #ahji1 & :i* ,i ne$ n ent] into "h71 ?is matt] 0 long ago settl$ by ,david ,hume2 & ,i h no?+ new to say ^u ! subject 7!re is probably en\gh ( novelty 9 o!r *apt]s1 :atev] its wor? may be71 except t ,burke appe>s to h borr[$ all he knew ab\t x f t incomp>ably m pr(\nd philosoph]4 ,z ,i ought n1 h[ev]1 to omit "h a view ( ! subject1 ,i _c d bett] ?an transcribe ! words ( ,hume & ,burke respectively4 ,:ile ?is w put ! read] 9 possession ( all t ,i ?9k necess>y ^u ?is subject1 x w f>!r t5d to %[ 9 :at ,burke's ability z a philosoph] consi/$4 ,i mu/ fir/1 h[ev]1 obs]ve t ! ^w ta/e1 z express+ our judgm5t ( beauty1 is a metaphor :imsically borr[$ f ! l[e/ ( our s5ses1 & is appli$ to our ex]cise ( t faculty1 z reg>ds bo? natural objects1 & ! f9e arts :i* imitate ^!4 ,x is n wond]ful t ! v>iety & incon/ancy ( ta/es respect+ ! attributes & ! *>act]s ( beauty1 %\ld h l$ _m philosoph]s to d5y t !re exi/ any c]ta9 comb9ations ( =ms & ( effects to :i* ! t]m beauty ought to be inv>iably atta*$4 ,9 8 ,philosophical ,diction>y1 ,voltaire1 aft] quot+ "s nons5se f ! crazy dream] :o did s mu* injury to ,greek philosophy1 says3 ,i am will+ to believe t no?+ c be m beautiful ?an ?is disc\rse ( ,plato2 b x does n give u v cle> ideas ( ! nature ( ! beautiful4 ,ask ( a toad :at is beauty1 pure beauty1 ! ,greek3 to kalon2 he w answ] y t x is 8 female1 ) two l>ge r\nd eyes project+ f h] little head1 a l>ge & flat ?roat1 a yell[ belly1 & a br[n back4 ,ask ! devil1 & he w tell y t ! beautiful is a pair ( horns1 f\r claws1 & a tail4 ,consult1 la/ly1 ! philosoph]s1 & !y w answ] y by rigm>ole3 !y want some?+ con=mable to ! ar*etype ( ! beautiful 9 ess5ce1 to ! ,greek3 to kalon4 ,?is is wit1 n reason3 let u look = t to a deep] ?9k]--z propos$ above4 ,david ,hume says3 ,x appe>s t1 amid all ! v>iety & caprice ( ta/e1 !re are c]ta9 g5]al pr9ciples ( approbation or blame1 ^: influ5ce a c>eful eye may trace 9 all op]ations ( ! m9d4 ,"s p>ticul> =ms or qualities f ! orig9al /ructure ( ! int]nal fabric1 are calculat$ to please1 & o!rs to displease4444 ,if !y fail ( _! effect 9 any p>ticul> in/ance1 x is f "s app>5t defect or imp]fection 9 ! organ4 ,9 ea* creature !re is a s\nd & a defective /ate2 & ! =m] alone c be suppos$ to af=d u a true /&>d ( ta/e & s5tim5t4 ,if1 9 ! s\nd /ate ( ! organ1 !re be an entire or a consid]able uni=mity ( s5tim5t among m51 we may !nce d]ive an idea ( ! p]fect beauty2 9 l mann] z ! appe>ance ( objects 9 daylight1 to ! eye ( a man 9 heal?1 is d5om9at$ _! true & real color4 ,to ! same purpose writes ,burke1 aft] "s prelim9>y obs]vations3-- ,all ! natural p[]s 9 man1 :i* ,i "k1 t are conv]sant ab\t ext]nal objects1 are ! s5ses1 ! imag9ation1 & ! judgm5t4 ,fir/1 ) reg>d to ! s5ses4 ,we d & we mu/ suppose1 t1 z ! con=mations ( _! organs are ne>ly or altoge!r ! same 9 all m51 s ! mann] ( p]ceiv+ ext]nal objects is 9 all m5 ! same1 or ) little diff]5ce4 ,z !re w be little d\bt t bodies pres5t simil> images to ! :ole species1 x mu/ necess>ily be all[$1 t ! pleasures & ! pa9s :i* e object excites 9 "o man1 x mu/ raise 9 all mank9d1 :ile x op]ates naturally1 simply1 & by its prop] p[]s only4 ,cu/om1 & "s o!r causes1 h made _m deviations f ! natural pleasures or pa9s :i* belong to ^! sev]al ta/es2 b !n ! p[] ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! natural & ! acquir$ reli% rema9s to ! v la/4 ,!re is 9 all m5 a suffici5t remembrance ( ! orig9al natural causes ( pleasure1 to enable !m to br+ all ?+s (f]$ to _! s5ses to t /&>d1 & to regulate _! feel+s & op9ions by x4 ,suppose "o :o _h s vitiat$ 8 palate z to take m pleasure 9 ! ta/e ( opium ?an 9 t ( butt] or honey1 to be pres5t$ ) a bolus ( squills2 !re is h>dly any d\bt b t he w\ld pref] ! butt] or honey to ?is nause\s morsel1 or to any o!r bitt] drug to :i* he _h n be5 accu/om$2 :i* proves t 8 palate 0 naturally l t ( o!r m5 9 all ?+s1 t x is /ill l ! palate ( o!r m5 9 _m ?+s1 & only vitiat$ 9 "s p>ticul> po9ts4 ,9 ! same mann]1 ,payne ,knight obs]ves t ?+s1 naturally ! mo/ nause\s1 become mo/ grateful2 & ?+s1 naturally mo/ grateful1 mo/ insipid4 ,?is extreme effect1 h[ev]1 only takes place :]e ! palate has become morbid & vitiat$ by cont9u$1 & ev5 =c$ gratification2 & ev5 :5 ! metaphors tak5 f ?is s5se1 & employ$ to express intellectual qualities1 %[ t x is always felt & consid]$ z a corruption1 ev5 by ^? :o are mo/ corrupt$3 = ?\gh !re are _m :o pref] port w9e to malmsey1 & tobacco to sug>1 yet no "o ev] spoke ( a s\r or bitt] temp] z pleasant1 or ( a sweet "o z unpleasant4 ,by ?is concession1 ,knight answ]s sev]al ( 8 own objections4 ,:5 x is said1 f>!r obs]ves ,burke1 v prop]ly1 ta/e _c be disput$1 x c only mean1 t no "o c /rictly answ] :at pleasure or pa9 "s p>ticul> man may f9d f ! ta/e ( "s p>ticul> ?+4 ,?is inde$ _c be disput$2 b we may dispute1 & ) suffici5t cle>ness too1 conc]n+ ! ?+s :i* are naturally pleas+ or disagreeable to ! s5se4 ,b :5 we talk ( any peculi> or acquir$ reli%1 !n we mu/ "k ! habits1 ! prejudices1 or ! di/emp]s ( ?is p>ticul> man1 & we mu/ draw our conclusions f ^?4 ,hume proce$s to a second po9t1 by obs]v+ t "o obvi\s cause1 :y _m feel n ! prop] s5tim5t ( beauty1 is ! want ( t delicacy ( imag9ation :i* is requisite to convey a s5sibility ( ^? f9] emotions4 ,:]e ! organs are s f9e1 z to all[ no?+ to escape !m1 & at ! same "t s exact1 z to p]ceive e +r$i5t 9 ! composition2 ?is we call delicacy ( ta/e1 :e!r we employ ^! t]ms 9 ! lit]al or metaphorical s5se4 ,burke enl>ges on ?is1 aft] prelim9>y obs]v+ t ! p[] ( ! imag9ation is incapable ( produc+ any?+ absolutely new2 x c only v>y ! disposition ( ^? ideas :i* x has receiv$ f ! s5ses4 ,n[1 ! imag9ation is ! mo/ ext5sive prov9ce ( pleasure & pa91 z x is ! region ( our fe>s & our hopes1 & ( all our passions t are connect$ ) !m4 ,s9ce ! imag9ation is only ! repres5tation ( ! s5ses1 x c only be pleas$ or displeas$ ) ! images1 f ! same pr9ciple on :i* ! s5se is pleas$ or displeas$ ) ! realities2 & consequ5tly !re mu/ be j z close an agreem5t 9 ! imag9ations z 9 ! s5ses ( m54 ,!re are "s m5 =m$ ) feel+s s blunt1 ) temp]s s cold & phlegmatic1 t !y c h>dly be said to be awake dur+ ! :ole c\rse ( _! lives4 ,^u su* p]sons1 ! mo/ /rik+ objects make b a fa9t & obscure impression4 ,!re are o!rs s cont9ually 9 ! agitation ( gross & m]ely s5sual pleasures1 or s occupi$ 9 ! l[ drudg]y ( av>ice1 or s heat$ 9 ! *ase ( honors & di/9ction1 t _! m9ds1 :i* _h be5 us$ cont9ually to ! /orms ( ^! viol5t & tempe/u\s passions1 c h>dly be put 9 motion by ! delicate & ref9$ play ( ! imag9ation4 ,^! m51 ?\gh f a diff]5t cause1 become z /upid & ins5sible z ! =m]2 b :5ev] ei!r ( ^! happ5 to be /ruck ) any natural elegance or greatness1 or ) ^! qualities 9 any "w ( art1 !y are mov$ ^u ! same pr9ciple4 ,on a ?ird po9t1 ,hume says3 ,b ?\gh !re be naturally a wide diff]5ce 9 po9t ( delicacy betwe5 "o p]son & ano!r1 no?+ t5ds f>!r to increase & improve ?is tal5t1 ?an practice 9 a p>ticul> art1 & ! frequ5t survey or contemplation ( a p>ticul> species ( beauty4 ,s advantage\s is practice to ! disc]nm5t ( beauty1 t1 be=e we c give judgm5t on any "w ( importance1 x w ev5 be requisite t t v individual p]=mance be m ?an once p]us$ by u1 & be survey$ 9 diff]5t lights ) att5tion & delib]ation4 ,?is is well illu/rat$ by ,burke1 :o obs]ves3 ,x is kn[n t ! ta/e 7:atev] x is7 is improv$ exactly z we improve our k1 by a /eady att5tion to our object1 & by frequ5t ex]cise4 ,to illu/rate ?is--7t !re is a diff]5ce1 n 9 ! causes1 nor 9 ! mann] ( m5's be+ affect$1 b 9 ! degree1 ow+ to natural s5sibility1 or great] att5tion to ! object7--to illu/rate ?is by ! proc$ure ( ! s5ses 9 :i* ! same diff]5ce is f\nd1 let u suppose a v smoo? m>ble-table to be set be=e two m52 !y bo? p]ceive x to be smoo?1 & !y are bo? pleas$ ) x because ( ?is quality4 ,s f> !y agree4 ,b suppose ano!r1 & aft] t ano!r table1 ! latt] /ill smoo!r ?an ! =m]1 to be set be=e !m4 ,x is n[ v probable t ^! m51 :o are s agre$ ^u :at is smoo?1 & 9 ! pleasure !nce1 w disagree :5 !y come to settle :i* table has ! advantage 9 po9t ( poli%4444 ,nor is x easy1 :5 su* a diff]5ce arises1 to settle ! po9t1 if ! excess or dim9ution be n gl>+4 ,9 ^! nice cases1 suppos+ ! acut5ess ( ! s5se equal1 ! great] att5tion & habit 9 su* ?+s w h ! advantage4 ,9 ! "q ab\t ! tables1 ! m>ble-poli%] w unque/ionably det]m9e ! mo/ accurately4 ,9 ! imag9ation1 beside ! pa9 or pleasure aris+ f ! prop]ties ( ! natural object1 a pleasure is p]ceiv$ f ! resemblance :i* ! imitation has to ! orig9al4 ,all m5 are ne>ly equal 9 ?is po9t1 z f> z _! k ( ! ?+s repres5t$ or comp>$ ext5ds4 ,! pr9ciple ( ?is k is v mu* accid5tal1 z x dep5ds ^u exp]i5ce & obs]vation1 & n on ! /r5g? or weakness ( any natural faculty2 & x is f ?is diff]5ce 9 k t :at we commonly1 ?\gh ) no great exactness1 call a diff]5ce 9 ta/e1 proce$s4 ,a man to :om sculpture is new sees a b>b]'s block1 or "s ord9>y piece ( /atu>y2 he is imm$iately /ruck & pleas$1 because he sees some?+ l a human figure2 & entirely tak5 up ) ?is lik5ess1 he does n at all att5d to its defects4 ,no p]son1 ,i believe1 at ! fir/ "t ( see+ a piece ( imitation1 ev] did4 ,"s "t aft]1 we suppose t ?is novice lights ^u a m artificial "w ( ! same nature2 he beg9s to look ) contempt on :at he admir$ at fir/2 n t he admir$ x ev5 !n = its unlik5ess to a man1 b = t g5]al ?\gh inaccurate resemblance :i* x bore to ! human figure4 ,:at he admir$ at diff]5t times 9 ^! s diff]5t figures1 is /rictly ! same2 & ?\gh 8 k is improv$1 8 ta/e is n alt]$4 ,hi!rto 8 mi/ake 0 f a want ( k 9 art1 & ?is arose f 8 inexp]i5ce2 b he may be /ill defici5t1 f a want ( k 9 nature4 ,= x is possible t ! man 9 "q may /op "h1 & t ! ma/]piece ( a great h& may please him no m ?an ! middl+ p]=mance ( a vulg> arti/2 & ?is n = want ( bett] or high] reli%1 b because all m5 d n obs]ve ) suffici5t accuracy on ! human figure1 to enable !m to judge prop]ly ( an imitation ( x4 ,on o!r po9ts1 ,hume makes ! foll[+ obs]vations3-- ,)\t be+ frequ5tly oblig$ to =m comp>isons betwe5 ! sev]al species & degrees ( excell5ce1 & e/imat+ _! proportion to ea* o!r 444 a man is inde$ totally unqualifi$ to pron\nce an op9ion ) reg>d to any object pres5t$ to him4 ,by comp>ison alone1 we fix ! epi!ts ( praise or blame1 & le>n h[ to assign ! due degree ( ea*4 ,b to enable a critic m fully to execute ?is und]tak+1 he mu/ pres]ve 8 m9d free f all prejudice & all[ no?+ to ent] into 8 consid]ation1 b ! v object :i* is submitt$ to 8 exam9ation4 ,x is well kn[n1 t1 9 all que/ions submitt$ to ! und]/&+1 prejudice is de/ructive ( s\nd judgm5t1 & p]v]ts all op]ations ( ! intellectual faculties3 x is no less contr>y to good ta/e2 nor has x less influ5ce to corrupt our s5tim5ts ( beauty4 ,x belongs to good s5se to *eck its influ5ce 9 bo? cases2 & 9 ?is respect1 z well z 9 _m o!rs1 reason1 if n an ess5tial "p ( ta/e1 is at lea/ requisite to ! op]ations ( ?is latt] faculty4 ,9 all ! nobl] productions ( g5ius1 !re is a mutual relation & correspond5ce ( p>ts2 nor c ei!r ! beauties or blemi%es be p]ceiv$ by him ^: ?\ght is n capaci\s en\gh to compreh5d all ^? p>ts1 & comp>e !m ) ea* o!r1 9 ord] to p]ceive ! consi/5ce & uni=mity ( ! :ole4 ,e "w ( art has also a c]ta9 end or purpose = :i* x is calculat$2 & is to be deem$ m or less p]fect1 z x is m or less fitt$ to atta9 ?is end4 ,to a repetition ( ?is1 ,burke adds "s useful rem>ks3-- ,z _m ( ! works ( imag9ation are n conf9$ to repres5tation ( s5sible objects1 nor to ef=ts ^u ! passions1 b ext5d !mselves to ! mann]s1 ! *>act]s1 ! actions1 & designs ( m51 _! relations1 _! virtues & vices1 !y come )9 ! prov9ce ( ! judgm5t1 :i* is improv$ by att5tion & by ! habit ( reason+4 ,! cause ( a wrong ta/e is a defect ( judgm5t4 ,& ?is may arise f a natural weakness ( und]/&+ 79 :atev] ! /r5g? ( t faculty may consi/71 or :i* is mu* m commonly ! case1 x may arise f a want ( prop] & well-direct$ ex]cise1 :i* alone c make x /rong & ready4 ,beside t ignorance1 inatt5tion1 prejudice1 ra%ness1 levity1 ob/9acy1 9 %ort1 all ^? passions1 & all ^? vices :i* p]v]t ! judgm5t 9 o!r matt]s1 prejudice x no less 9 ?is its m ref9$ & elegant prov9ce4 ,^! causes produce diff]5t op9ions ^u ev]y?+ :i* is an object ( ! und]/&+1 )\t induc+ u to suppose1 t !re are no settl$ pr9ciples ( reason4 ,a rectitude ( judgm5t 9 ! arts1 :i* may be call$ a good ta/e1 does 9 a great measure dep5d ^u s5sibility2 because1 if ! m9d has no b5t to ! pleasures ( ! imag9ation1 x w nev] apply itself suffici5tly to works ( t species to acquire a compet5t k 9 !m4 ,b ?\gh a degree ( s5sibility is requisite to =m a good judgm5t1 yet a good judgm5t does n necess>ily arise f a quick s5sibility ( pleasure2 x frequ5tly happ5s t a v poor judge1 m]ely by =ce ( a great] complexional s5sibility1 is m affect$ by a poor piece1 ?an ! be/ judge by ! mo/ p]fect2 = z ev]y?+ new1 extraord9>y1 gr&1 or passionate1 is well calculat$ to affect su* a p]son1 & t ! faults d n affect him1 8 pleasure is m pure & unmix$4 ,9 ! morn+ ( our days1 :5 ! s5ses are unworn & t5d]1 :5 ! :ole man is awake 9 e "p1 & ! gloss ( novelty fre% ^u all ! objects t surr\nd u1 h[ lively at t "t are our s5sations1 b h[ false & inaccurate ! judgm5ts we =m ( ?+s6 ,e trivial cause ( pleasure is apt to affect ! man ( too sangu9e a complexion3 8 appetite is to ke5 to suff] 8 ta/e to be delicate4444 ,"o ( ?is "* c nev] be a ref9$ judge2 nev] :at ! comic poet calls 'elegans =m>um spectator4' ,! rude he>] is affect$ by ! pr9ciples :i* op]ate 9 ^! arts ev5 9 _! rude/ condition2 & he is n skilful en\gh to p]ceive ! defects4 ,b z arts advance t[>d _! p]fection1 ! sci5ce ( criticism advances ) equal pace1 & ! pleasure ( judges is frequ5tly int]rupt$ by ! faults :i* are discov]$ 9 ! mo/ f9i%$ compositions4 ,! *ief idea above express$1 is aga9 repeat$ by ,sir ,j4 ,reynolds1 :o says3 ,! pr9ciples ( ^! 7! imag9ation & ! passions7 are z inv>iable z ! =m] 7! s5ses71 & are to be kn[n & reason$ ^u 9 ! same mann]1 by an appeal to common s5se decid+ ^u ! common feel+s ( mank9d4 ,^! views are ?us summ$ by ,hume3 ,! organs ( int]nal s5sation are seldom s p]fect z to all[ ! g5]al pr9ciples _! full play1 & produce a feel+ correspond5t to ^? pr9ciples4 ,!y ei!r labor "u "s defect1 or are vitiat$ by "s disord]2 & by t means1 excite a s5tim5t1 :i* may be pron\nc$ errone\s4 ,:5 ! critic has no delicacy1 he judges )\t any di/9ction1 & is only affect$ by ! gross] & m palpable qualities ( ! object3 ! f9] t\*es pass unnotic$ & disreg>d$4 ,:]e he is n aid$ by practice1 8 v]dict is att5d$ ) confusion & hesitation4 ,:]e no comp>ison has be5 employ$1 ! mo/ frivol\s beauties1 su* z r m]it ! "n ( defects1 are ! object ( 8 admiration4 ,:]e he lies "u ! influ5ce ( prejudice1 all 8 natural s5tim5ts are p]v]t$4 ,:]e good s5se is want+1 he is n qualifi$ to disc]n ! beauties ( design & reason+1 :i* are ! highe/ & mo/ excell5t4 ,"u "s or o!r ( ^! imp]fections1 ! g5]ality ( m5 labor2 & h5ce1 a true judge 9 ! f9] arts is obs]v$1 ev5 dur+ ! mo/ poli%$ ages1 to be s r>e a "*3 /rong s5se1 unit$ to delicate s5tim5t1 improv$ by practice1 p]fect$ by comp>ison1 & cle>$ ( all prejudice1 c alone entitle critics to ?is valuable "*2 & ! jo9t v]dict ( su*1 :]ev] !y are to be f\nd1 is ! true /&>d ( ta/e & beauty4 ,tak+ ! pr9cipal ideas above1 ,burke also concludes3 ,on ! :ole x appe>s to me1 t :at is call$ ta/e1 9 its mo/ g5]al acceptation1 is n a simple idea1 b is p>tly made up ( a p]ception ( ! prim>y pleasures ( s5se1 ( ! second>y pleasures ( ! imag9ation1 & ( ! conclusions ( ! reason+ faculty1 conc]n+ ! v>i\s relations ( ^!1 & conc]n+ ! human passions1 mann]s1 & actions4 ,x is suffici5t = our pres5t purpose1 ,hume f>!r obs]ves1 if we h prov$ t ! ta/e ( all individuals is n ^u an equal foot+1 & t "s m5 9 g5]al1 h[ev] difficult to be p>ticul>ly pit*$ ^u1 w be ackn[l$g$ by univ]sal s5tim5t to h a pref]5ce above o!rs4 ,?\gh m5 ( delicate ta/e be r>e1 !y are easily to be di/+ui%$ 9 society by ! s\ndness ( _! und]/&+1 & ! sup]iority ( _! faculties above ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,! asc5dant :i* !y acquire1 gives a preval5ce to t lively approbation1 ) :i* !y receive any productions ( g5ius1 & r5d]s x g5]ally pr$om9ant4 ,_m m51 :5 left to !mselves1 h b a fa9t & dubi\s p]ception ( beauty1 :o yet are capable ( reli%+ any f9e /roke :i* is po9t$ out to !m4 ,e conv]t to ! admiration ( ! real poet or orator1 is ! cause ( "s new conv]sion4 ,& ?\gh prejudices may prevail = a "t1 !y nev] unite 9 celebrat+ any rival to ! true g5ius1 b yield at la/ to ! =ce ( nature & j s5tim5t4 ,hume f9ally obviates "s app>5t difficulties3-- ,b not)/&+ all our endeavors to fix a /&>d ( ta/e1 & reconcile ! discordant appreh5sions ( m51 !re /ill rema9 two s\rces ( v>iation1 :i* are n suffici5t inde$ to conf\nd all ! b\nd>ies ( beauty & de=mity1 b w (t5 s]ve to produce a diff]5ce 9 ! degrees ( our approbation or blame4 ,! "o is ! diff]5t humors ( p>ticul> m52 ! o!r1 ! p>ticul> mann] & op9ions ( our age & c\ntry4 ,a "y man1 ^: passions are w>m1 w be m s5sibly t\*$ ) amor\s & t5d] images1 ?an a man m advanc$ 9 ye>s1 :o takes pleasure 9 wise1 philosophical reflections conc]n+ ! conduct ( life & mod]ation ( ! passions4 ,at tw5ty1 ,ovid may be ! favorite au?or2 ,horace at =ty2 & p]haps ,tacitus at fifty4 ,va9ly w\ld we1 9 su* cases1 endeavor to ent] into ! s5tim5ts ( o!rs1 & dive/ ourselves ( ^? prop5sities :i* are natural to u4 ,we *oose our favorite au?or z we d our fri5d1 f a con=mity ( humor & disposition4 ,su* pref]5ces are innoc5t & unavoidable1 & c nev] reasonably be ! object ( dispute1 because !re is no /&>d by :i* !y c be decid$4 ,= a l reason1 we are m pleas$1 9 ! c\rse ( our read+1 ) pictures & *>act]s t resemble objects :i* are f\nd 9 our own age or c\ntry1 ?an ) ^? :i* describe a diff]5t set ( cu/oms4 ,a man ( le>n+ & reflection c make all[ance = ^! peculi>ities ( mann]s2 b a common audi5ce c nev] dive/ !mselves s f> ( _! usual ideas & s5tim5ts1 z to reli% pictures :i* n[ise resemble !m4 ,?us ,i believe ! read] has be=e him a view1 suffici5tly cle>1 ( t popul> topic1 ! /&>d ( ta/e1 z well z ( ! agreem5t :i* subsi/s among ! be/ writ]s on ! subject4 ,9 ! next *apt]1 we proce$ to a m fundam5tal & difficult inquiry4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,beauty4#aa ,on ! subject ( ! prec$+ *apt]1 ev5 ! reason+s ( ,hume appe> to me to be ( too vague & indef9ite a k9d4 ,x requires ! m m9ute scrut9y into :i* ,i %all n[ ent]1 9 ord] to place x ^u a deep] & m sci5tific f\ndation4 ,if ,i c "h %[ t1 9 ! mat]ial qualities ( ! objects ( nature & art1 !re exi/ elem5ts ( beauty equally inv>iable 9 !mselves & 9 ! k9d ( effect !y produce ^u ! m9d1 x is evid5t !re c be no f>!r dispute ab\t a /&>d ( beauty4 ,_m attempts h be5 made to det]m9e ! mat]ial elem5ts ( beauty1 by ,hog>?1 ,home1 & o!rs4 ,all h m or less fail$1 f n obs]v+ t ^! elem5ts are modifi$1 v>i$1 & complicat$1 z we advance f ! mo/ simple to ! mo/ complex class ( natural be+s1 or ( ! arts :i* relate to ^! respectively4 ,_m p>tial views ( p]fect tru? & great int]e/ h be5 tak51 & by e "o ( ^! x w be my duty "h to pr(it3 b1 f ! failure j po9t$ out1 no philosophical & sy/ematic doctr9e ( beauty1 asc5d+ f its orig9 9 elem5ts ?r\gh its high] comb9ations1 has ev] be5 atta9$ by any ( ! num]\s1 deep1 acute1 & elegant ?9k]s :o h devot$ _! "t to ?is subject1 z ! f\ndation ( ta/e & ( ! f9e or intellectual arts4 ,pr(it+1 z ,i ought to d1 by ! p>tial views ( ^! philosoph]s1 ,i pret5d "h only to take "o l>g] view--to analyze1 to g5]alize1 to sy/ematize1 ! mat]ials :i* !y pres5t to me4 ,9 ! hope ( accompli%+ ?is1 ,i %all n[ endeavor successively to trace ! elem5ts ( beauty :i* belong respectively to inanimate1 liv+1 & ?9k+ be+s1 & to ! useful1 ornam5tal1 & intellectual arts :i* h a ref]5ce to ^!1 ! neglect ( all :i* ,i h describ$ z ! fundam5tal cause ( previ\s failure4 ,aga91 ,i repeat1 x is to ?is analysis & g5]alization alone1 & to ! sy/emization f\nd$ ^u x1 t ,i make any pret5ce4 ,! mat]ials h long be5 pres5t$ by all ! great writ]s on ! subject3 !y h only left !m 9 confusion1 & )\t conclusion4 ,i %all n[ proce$ to employ !m4 ,,section ,i4 ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,beauty ,,9 ,,inanimate ,,be+s4 ,?\gh ,burke did n accurately trace ! elem5ts ( beauty 9 any "o class ( ! objects ( nature or art1 he yet /ates a prelim9>y tru? on ?is subject s well1 t ,i "h quote x3 ,x w\ld be absurd1 he obs]ves1 to say t all ?+s affect u by association only2 s9ce "s ?+s mu/ h be5 orig9ally & naturally agreeable or disagreeable1 f :i* ! o!rs d]ive _! associat$ p[]s2 & x w\ld be1 ,i fancy1 to little purpose to look = ! cause ( our passions 9 association1 until we fail ( x 9 ! natural prop]ties ( ?+s4 ,home1 advanc+ f>!r1 says3 ,if a tree be beautiful by means ( its color1 its figure1 its size1 its motion1 x is 9 reality possess$ ( s _m diff]5t beauties1 :i* ought to be exam9$ sep>ately1 9 ord] to h a cle> notion ( ! :ole4 ,:5 any body is view$ z a :ole1 ! beauty ( its figure arises f regul>ity#ab & simplicity2 & view+ ! p>ts ) relation to ea* o!r1 f uni=mity#ab1 proportion1 & ord]4 ,i w "h only obs]ve t ^! are ! qualities1 z w spe$ily appe>1 :i* ,burke %\ld h set d[n z ! fundam5tal & fir/ *>act]i/ics ( beauty1 in/ead ( relative littl5ess1 :i* belongs n to beauty g5]ally1 b only to ! m9or or subord9ate beauty4 ,ev5 ,home1 hav+ arriv$ ?us f>1 says3 ,to inquire :y an object1 by means ( ! p>ticul>s m5tion$1 appe>s beautiful1 w\ld1 ,i am afraid1 be a va9 attempt4 ,b he truly adds3 ,"o ?+ is cle>1 t regul>ity1 uni=mity1 ord]1 & simplicity1 contribute ea* ( !m to read9ess ( appreh5sion1 & enable u to =m m di/9ct images ( objects ?an c be done1 ) ! utmo/ att5tion1 :]e ^! p>ticul>s are n f\nd4 ,& he subjo9s3 ,?is f9al cause is1 ,i ackn[l$ge1 too slight1 to acc\nt satisfactorily = a ta/e t makes a figure s illu/ri\s 9 ! nature ( man2 & t ?is bran* ( our con/itution has a purpose /ill m important1 we h great reason to believe4 ,n[ _h ,home se5 t ! *>act]i/ics ( g5]al beauty always are1 ) reg>d to ! object1 accordant & agreeable relations1 ! importance ( ! qualities he has j enum]at$ w\ld h be5 evid5t2 =1 )\t !m1 ^! *>act]i/ics ( ! object c\ld n exi/3 simplicity1 regul>ity1 uni=mity1 ord]1 c41 are ! v elem5ts ( accordant & agreeable relations4 ,?is is 9 reality ! /ill m important purpose 9 :i* ,home believ$1 & to :i* ! read9ess ( appreh5sion he n[ alludes to em95tly contributes4 ,z to simplicity1 he obs]ves1 t a multitude ( objects cr[d+ into ! m9d at once1 di/urb ! att5tion1 & pass )\t mak+ any impression1 or any la/+ impression2 & 9 a gr\p1 no s+le object makes ! figure x w\ld d ap>t1 :5 x occupies ! :ole att5tion4 ,= ! same reason1 ev5 a s+le object1 :5 x divides ! att5tion by ! multiplicity ( its p>ts1 equals n1 9 /r5g? ( impression1 a m simple object compreh5d$ 9 a s+le view3 p>ts extremely complex mu/ be consid]$ 9 portions successively2 & a numb] ( impressions 9 succession1 :i* _c unite because n simultane\s1 nev] t\* ! m9d l "o entire impression made z x 7 at "o /roke4 ,a squ>e is less beautiful ?an a circle1 because x is less simple3 a circle has p>ts z well z a squ>e2 b its p>ts n be+ di/9ct l ^? ( a squ>e1 x makes "o entire impression2 :]eas1 ! att5tion is divid$ among ! sides & angles ( a squ>e4444 ,a squ>e1 ?\gh n m regul> ?an a hexagon or octagon1 is m beautiful ?an ei!r1 because a squ>e is m simple1 & ! att5tion less divid$4 ,simplicity ?us contributes to beauty4 ,by regul>ity is meant t circum/ance 9 a figure by :i* we p]ceive x to be =m$ accord+ to a c]ta9 rule4 ,?us1 a circle1 a squ>e1 a p>allelogram1 or triangle1 pleases by its regul>ity4 ,a squ>e1 says ,home--7:o "h furni%es ! be/ mat]ials to a m g5]al view1 because he mo/ frequ5tly assigns physical causes1 & :om1 ) "s abbreviation1 ,i !re=e cont9ue to quote7--a squ>e is m beautiful ?an a p>allelogram1 because ! =m] exce$s ! latt] 9 regul>ity & 9 uni=mity ( p>ts4 ,?is is true ) respect to intr9sic beauty only2 = 9 _m in/ances1 utility comes 9 to ca/ ! balance on ! side ( ! p>allelogram3 ?is figure = ! doors & w9d[s ( a dwell+-h\se1 is pref]r$ because ( utility2 & "h we f9d ! beauty ( utility prevail+ ov] t ( regul>ity & uni=mity4 ,?us regul>ity & uni=mity contribute to intr9sic beauty4 ,a p>allelogram1 aga91 dep5ds = its beauty on ! proportion or relation ( quantity ( its sides4 ,its beauty is lo/ by a great inequality ( ^! sides3 x is also lo/ by _! approximat+ t[>d equality2 = proportion !re deg5]ates into imp]fect uni=mity1 & ! figure appe>s an unsuccessful attempt t[>d a squ>e4 ,?us proportion contributes to beauty4 ,an equilat]al triangle yields n to a squ>e 9 regul>ity nor 9 uni=mity ( p>ts1 & x is m simple4 ,its inf]iority 9 beauty is at lea/ p>tly ow+ to inf]iority ( ord] 9 ! position ( its p>ts3 ! sides ( an equilat]al triangle incl9e to ea* o!r 9 ! same angle1 :i* is ! mo/ p]fect ord] !y are susceptible (2 b ?is ord] is obscure1 & f> f be+ s p]fect z ! p>allelism ( ! sides ( a squ>e4 ,?us ord] contributes to ! beauty ( visible objects4 ,a m\nta91 x may be object$1 is an agreeable object1 )\t s mu* z ! appe>ance ( regul>ity2 & a *a9 ( m\nta9s is /ill m agreeable1 )\t be+ arrang$ 9 any ord]4 ,b ?\gh regul>ity1 uni=mity1 & ord]1 are causes ( beauty1 !re are also o!r causes ( x1 z color2 & :5 we pass f small to great objects1 & consid] gr&eur in/ead ( beauty1 v little regul>ity is requir$4 ,x foll[s1 f all t has be5 "h said1 & ?is has be5 %[n by ,burke1 t any rugg$1 any sudd5 projection1 any %>p angle1 is 9 ! highe/ degree contr>y to ! idea ( beauty4 ,su* projections & angles are de/itute ( all ! qualities :i* h j be5 enum]at$--simplicity1 regul>ity1 uni=mity1 proportion1 ord]2 & con=mably to ! pr9ciples ,i h laid d[n 9 a previ\s *apt]1 !y c pres5t only relations :i* are naturally disagreeable4 ,?is view is corroborat$ by ! fact1 t all v %>p1 brok51 or angul> objects1 7 disagreeable to ! boy c\*$ by ,*eseld51 z !y are to all eyes ( v nice s5sibility4 ,n[1 z angul> =ms give1 to ! s5se ( t\*1 %>pness1 r\ghness1 or h>%ness1 s d opposite =ms give smoo?ness or f95ess4 ,h5ce1 ,burke makes smoo?ness 8 second *>act]i/ic ( beauty1 & t f> m truly ?an he makes littl5ess its fir/1 =1 z he obs]ves1 smoo?ness is a quality s ess5tial to beauty1 t ,i d n n[ recollect any?+ beautiful t is n smoo?4 ,su* be+ really ! case1 ,i am b\nd to expose ,knight's sophi/ry on ?is po9t4 ,?is elegant au?or1 says he1 has expatiat$ ^u ! gratifications ( feel+ smoo? & undulat+ surfaces 9 g5]al3 b1 ,i believe1 ^! gratifications h be5 conf9$ to himself2 & probably to 8 own imag9ation act+ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( 8 favorite sy/em3 =1 except 9 ! communication ( ! sexes1 :i* af=ds no g5]al illu/ration1 & ought !re=e to be kept entirely out ( ! "q1 ,i h nev] he>d ( any p]son be+ addict$ to su* luxuries2 ?\gh a feel+-bo>d w\ld c]ta9ly af=d z *eap & innoc5t a gratification1 z ei!r a smell+-bottle1 a picture1 or a flute1 provid$ x 7 capable ( af=d+ any gratification at all4 ,?is is a good specim5 ( ! k9d ( p]v]t$ reason+1 :i* peculi>ly di/+ui%es ,knight4 ,a man affect+ ! "* ( philosoph]1 ought calmly to h obs]v$ t1 by "y p be=e pub]ty1 &1 consequ5tly1 :5 !re is n ! slighte/ sexual bias1 smoo? objects are g5]ally f\nd to be agreeable1 & r\gh or h>% ones to be ! rev]se4 ,?is w\ld at once h set him "r ^u ?is po9t4 ,if1 to su* a man1 x %\ld = a mom5t h appe>$ wor? :ile to ask :y we d n make use ( feel+-bo>ds1 z well z ( smell+-bottles1 he ought to h s\ght ! solution ( 8 difficulty 9 ! nature ( ! s5ses2 & !n1 ) a trifle m ( ability ?an ,payne ,knight h]eby %[s himself to h possess$1 he w\ld h se5 t smoo?ness af=ds u z mu* pleasure z any smell1 b t1 z x w\ld h be5 always tr\blesome1 & (t5 impossible1 to apply our f+]s to smoo? surfaces1 we g5]ally receive ! v>i$ & incessant pleasure x af=ds1 by means ( sight2 t x is borne by light to ! eye1 z smell is by ! air2 & t ?is is ! reason :y1 except :5 contact is indisp5sable1 we h no ne$ ( any?+ 9 ! way ( a feel+-bo>d4 ,b ,knight says3 ,smoo?ness be+ prop]ly a quality1 p]ceivable only by ! t\*1 & appli$ metaphorically to ! objects ( ! o!r s5ses1 we (t5 apply x1 v improp]ly1 to ^? ( vision2 assign+ smoo?ness z a cause ( visible beauty1 to ?+s :i*1 ?\gh smoo? to ! t\*1 ca/ ! mo/ %>p1 h>%1 & angul> reflections ( light ^u ! eyes2 & ^! reflections are all t ! eye feels1 or naturally p]ceives4444 ,su* are all objects ( cut-glass or poli%$ metal2 z may be se5 by ! mann] 9 :i* pa9t]s imitate !m3 =1 z ! imitations ( pa9t+ ext5d only to ! visible qualities ( bodies1 !y %[ ^? visible qualities fairly & imp>tially4444 ,yet ! imitative repres5tation ( su* objects 9 pa9t+ is f> less h>% & dazzl+ ?an ! effects ( !m 9 reality3 = !re are no mat]ials t a pa9t] c employ1 capable ( express+ ! %>pness & brilliancy ( ^? angul> reflections ( ! collect$ & cond5s$ rays1 :i* are emitt$ f ! surfaces ( poli%$ metals4 ,x seems1 to me1 sc>cely possible to f9d sophi/ry m wor?less ?an ?is1 or r a m contemptible quibble2 = t :i*1 avail+ himself ( our te*nicalities ab\t light1 he calls angul>ity1 %>pness1 c41 has no analogy ) disagreeable angul>ity ( =m4 ,to produce ! brilliance & spl5dor :i* he calls angul>1 & describes z s (f5sive1 we poli% cry/all9e & metallic bodies 9 ! highe/ degree6--we value precisely ^? :i* ?us admit ( greate/ spl5dor6--&1 on t v acc\nt1 ! diamond 7rightly or wrongly1 is n ! "q7 is deem$ ! mo/ valuable object on e>?6 ,s mu* = ^? elem5ts ( beauty1 9 inanimate ?+s1 :i* fall "u ! cognizance ( our fundam5tal s5se1 or t ( t\*4 ,z to sight & its objects1 x is true t1 z ?is organ v>ies 9 diff]5t p]sons1 _! ta/e is modifi$1 ) reg>d to colors4 ,b ! pref]5ce ( light & delicate colors to d>k & gl>+ ones1 is almo/ univ]sal among p]sons ( s5sibility4 ,alison1 inde$1 ascribes ! effects ( all colors to association4 ,:ite1 he says1 z x is ! color ( day1 is expressive to u ( ! *e]fulness or gayety :i* ! return ( day br+s3 black1 z ! color ( d>kness night1 is expressive ( gloom & melan*oly4 ,& he adds3 ,:e!r "s colors may n ( !mselves produce agreeable s5sations1 & o!rs disagreeable s5sations1 ,i am n anxi\s to dispute4 ,b ?is is ! v po9t into :i* ,alison ought to h inquir$4 ,nature does no?+ )\t f\ndation 9 ! simple/ pr9ciples2 & ?is f\ndation is n only ant]ior to1 b is ! cause ( all association4 ,t1 indep5d5t ( any association1 blackness is naturally disagreeable1 if n pa9ful1 is happily det]m9$ by ! case ( ! boy re/or$ to sight by ,*eseld51 :o tells u t ! fir/ "t ! boy saw a black object1 x gave him great uneas9ess2 & t1 "s "t aft]1 ^u accid5tally see+ a negro-woman1 he 0 /ruck ) great horror at ! sight4 ,?is appe>s to be p]fectly conclusive4 ,knight inde$ says3 ,z to ! uneas9ess :i* ! boy1 c\*$ by ,*eseld51 felt at ! fir/ sight ( a black object1 x arose ei!r f ! h>%ness ( its outl9e1 or f its appe>+ to act z a p>tial ext+ui%] appli$ to 8 eyes1 :i*1 z e object t he saw1 seem$ to t\* !m1 w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be its effect4 ,x is highly probable t black op]ates 9 bo? ^! ways2 & x has !re=e natural effects1 indep5d5t ( all association4 ,z to s\nds1 ,alison obs]ves1 t ! cries ( "s animals are sublime1 z ! ro> ( ! lion1 ! scream ( ! eagle1 c42 & he ?9ks !y become s1 because we associate !m ) ! /r5g? & f]ocity ( ! animals :i* utt] !m4 ,by opposite associations1 he acc\nts = ! beauty ( ! notes ( birds4 ,& he says1 t !re is a simil> sublimity or beauty1 9 ! tones ( ! human voice1 & t su* s\nds are associat$1 9 our imag9ations1 ) ! qualities ( m9d ( :i* !y are 9 g5]al expressive1 & naturally produce 9 u ! conception ( ^! qualities4 ,?is writ] endeavors to e/abli% 8 views on ?is subject1 by obs]v+1 t gr&eur or sublimity ( s\nd1 c no o!rwise arise f its l\dness1 ?an z t l\dness excites an idea ( p[] 9 ! sonor\s object1 or 9 "s o!r associat$ ) x 9 ! m9d3 = a *ild's drum1 close to ! e>1 fills x ) m real noise1 ?an ! dis*>ge ( a cannon a mile (f2 & ! rattl+ ( a c>riage 9 ! /reet1 :5 fa9tly & indi/9ctly he>d1 has (t5 be5 mi/ak5 = ?und] at a di/ance4 ,yet no "o ev] imag9$ ! beat+ ( a *ild's drum1 or ! rattl+ ( a c>riage ov] ! /ones1 to be gr& or sublime2 :i*1 nev]!less1 !y mu/ be1 if gr&eur or sublimity belong at all to ! s5sation ( l\dness4 ,b artill]y & lightn+ are p[]ful eng9es ( de/ruction2 & ) _! p[] we sympa?ize1 :5ev] ! s\nd ( !m excites any s5tim5ts ( sublimity4 ,n[1 all ?is is directly oppos$ to ! doctr9e x is meant to support4 ,x di/9ctly implies t l\dness is s natural & s frequ5t a result ( ! viol5t contact ( bodies1 t we sometimes mi/ak5ly ascribe p[] to objects1 ( :i* we h n correctly di/+ui%$ ! s\nds1 ow+ to imitation1 di/ance1 c4 ,! occasional mi/ake implies ! g5]al tru?4 ,alison1 himself1 not)/&+ 8 doctr9e ( association1 is accord+ly l$ to obs]ve1 t !re are "s philosoph]s :o consid] ^! z ! natural signs ( passion or affection1 & :o believe t x is n f exp]i5ce1 b by means ( an orig9al faculty1 t we int]pret !m3 & ?is op9ion is support$ by great au?orities4 ,he adds ! foll[+ obs]vations1 :i*1 not)/&+ ! error !y involve1 are too mu* to ! purpose to be omitt$ "h1 & :i* 9 reality illu/rate a natural & true !ory1 bett] ?an !y d 8 own3-- ,x is natural1 h[ev]1 to suppose1 t 9 ?is1 z 9 e case1 our exp]i5ce %\ld gradually lead to ! =mation ( "s g5]al rules1 ) reg>d to ?is expression4 ,! great divisions ( s\nd are into l\d & l[1 grave & acute1 long & %ort1 increas+ & dim9i%+4 ,! two fir/ divisions are expressive 9 !mselves3 ! two la/1 only 9 conjunction ) o!rs4 ,l\d s\nd is connect$ ) ideas ( p[] & dang]4 ,_m objects 9 nature :i* h su* qualities1 are di/+ui%$ by su* s\nds2 & ?is association is f>!r confirm$ f ! human voice1 9 :i* all viol5t & impetu\s passions are express$ 9 l\d tones4 ,l[ s\nd has a contr>y expression1 & is connect$ ) ideas ( weakness1 g5tl5ess1 & delicacy4 ,?is association takes its rise1 n only f ! obs]vation ( inanimate nature1 or ( animals1 :]e1 9 a great numb] ( cases1 su* s\nds di/+ui% objects ) su* qualities1 b p>ticul>ly f ! human voice1 :]e all g5tle1 or delicate1 or sorr[ful affections are express$ by su* tones4 ,grave s\nd is connect$ ) ideas ( mod]ation1 dignity1 solemnity1 c41 pr9cipally1 ,i believe1 f all mod]ate1 or re/ra9$1 or *a/5$ affections be+ di/+ui%$ by su* tones 9 ! human voice4 ,acute s\nd is expressive ( pa91 or fe>1 or surprise1 c41 & g5]ally op]ates by produc+ "s degree ( a/oni%m5t4 ,?is association1 also1 seems pr9cipally to arise f our exp]i5ce ( su* connexions 9 ! human voice4 ,long or l5g!n$ s\nd seems to me to h no expression 9 itself1 b only to signify ! cont9uance ( t quality :i* is signifi$ by o!r qualities ( s\nd4 ,a l\d or a l[1 a grave or an acute s\nd prolong$ expresses to u no m ?an ! cont9uance ( ! quality :i* is g5]ally signifi$ by su* s\nds4 ,%ort or abrupt s\nd has a contr>y expression1 & signifies ! sudd5 cessation ( ! quality ?us express$4 ,increas+ s\nd signifies1 9 ! same mann]1 ! increase ( ! quality express$4 ,decreas+ s\nd signifies ! gradual dim9ution ( su* qualities4 ,motion furni%es ano!r sort ( beauty4 ,figure1 color1 & motion1 readily bl5d 9 "o object1 & "o g5]al p]ception ( beauty4 ,9 _m beautiful objects !y all unite1 & r5d] ! beauty great]4 ,^! *>act]i/ics are too univ]sal n to support ! doctr9e ( natural appropriation & p[]1 ( :i* association is m]ely a consequ5ce4 ,x may be said1 t all ?is *iefly reg>ds m]e geometrical =ms1 n objects 9 nature4 ,b1 on ref]r+ to inanimate objects1 x w be f\nd t !y ev]y:]e pres5t ^! =ms4 ,! r\nd1 ! simple/ =m appe>s to *>act]ize all elem5t>y bodies & all t are free f compression1 to be 9 fact ! mo/ elem5t>y & ! mo/ readily assum$ 9 nature4 ,?is =m1 accord+ly1 is pres5t$ by ! drops ( wat] & ( e liquid1 by e atom probably ( oxyg51 hydrog51 & azote1 by ! smalle/ z well z ! l>ge/ bodies1 ev5 ! innum]able cele/ial orbs4 ,all ! o!r1 ! angul> =ms are pres5t$ by inanimate bodies "u compression1 or by m9]al cry/als4 ,?us1 !n1 d ^! simple geometrical =ms *>act]ize ! simple/ bodies 9 nature2 & x appe>s t ?is fir/ k9d ( beauty is peculi>ly _! own4 ,x w1 9 ! sequel1 be z cle>ly se51 t ea* ( ! o!r classes ( natural be+s pres5ts beauty ( a diff]5t k9d1 :i* simil>ly *>act]izes x4 ,h5ce1 no rational !ory ( beauty c\ld be =m$ by writ]s1 :o indiscrim9at+ly jumbl$ toge!r ! *>act]i/ics ( all ! k9ds ( beauty1 & expect$ to f9d !m ev]y:]e4 ,z1 !n1 f all t has be5 said1 x appe>s t all ! elem5ts ( beauty :i* h ?us be5 notic$1 belong to inanimate be+s1 & z ?is is %[n by ! passages ,i h quot$ f ! be/ writ]s1 x seems surpris+1 n m]ely t !y %\ld n h se5 ?is to be ! case1 b1 t x %\ld n h l$ !m to obs]ve1 t !re exi/s also a second beauty1 ( liv+ be+s1 & ?ird1 ( ?9k+ be+s1 z well z o!rs ( ! useful1 ! ornam5tal1 & ! intellectual arts respectively1 9 ea* ( :i* "s new elem5t 0 only add$ to ! *>act]s ( ! prec$+ species4 ,x seems /ill m surpris+ t ,alison1 :o deviates s widely f all fundam5tal pr9ciples1 %\ld h actually /umbl$ ^u an obs]vation ( a few ( ! *>act]i/ics ( inanimate be+s1 & trac$ !m z !y pass upw>d ?r\gh "s liv+ & ?9k+ be+s--^: new *>act]i/ics1 h[ev]1 he did n discrim9ate4 ,he obs]ves1 t ! great] "p ( ^? bodies 9 nature1 :i* possess h>dness1 /r5g?1 or durability1 are di/+ui%$ by angul> =ms4 ,! great] "p ( ^? bodies1 on ! contr>y1 :i* possess weakness1 fragility1 or delicacy1 are di/+ui%$ by w9d+ or curvil9e> =ms4 ,9 ! m9]al k+dom1 all rocks1 /ones1 & metals1 ! h>de/ & mo/ durable bodies we "k1 assume univ]sally angul> =ms4 ,9 ! vegetable k+dom1 all /rong & durable plants are 9 g5]al di/+ui%$ by simil> =ms4 ,! feebl] & m delicate race ( vegetables1 on ! contr>y1 are mo/ly di/+ui%$ by w9d+ =ms4 ,9 ! animal k+dom1 9 ! same mann]1 /rong & p[]ful animals are g5]ally *>act]iz$ by angul> =ms2 feeble & delicate animals1 by =ms ( ! contr>y k9d4#ac ,,section ,,ii4 ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,beauty ,,9 ,,liv+ ,,be+s4 ,i h n[ to %[ t1 9 liv+ be+s1 :ile ! *>act]s ( ! fir/ & fundam5tal beauty1 t ( inanimate be+s1 are /ill p>tially cont9u$1 new *>act]i/ics are add$ to !m4 ,plants accord+ly possess bo? rigid p>ts1 l "s ( ^? describ$ 9 ! prec$+ section1 & delicate p>ts1 :i*1 9 asc5d+ ?r\gh ! classes ( natural be+s f ! simple/ to ! mo/ complex1 are ! v fir/ to pres5t to u new & additional *>act]s totally di/9ct f ^? ( ! prec$+ class4 ,i4 ,to beg9 z nature does1 !n1 we f9d ! trunks & /ems ( plants1 :i* are ne> ! gr\nd1 resembl+ mo/ 9 "* ! inanimate bodies f among :i* !y spr+4 ,!y assume ! simple/ & mo/ univ]sal =m 9 nature1 ! r\nd "o2 b z gr[? is _! great function1 !y ext5d 9 height & become cyl9drical4 ,ev5 ! bran*es1 ! twigs1 & ! t5drils1 cont9ue ?is elem5t>y "*2 b x is 9 !m1 or 9 ! /em :51 l !m1 x is t5d]1 t su* elem5t>y *>act]s give way to ! purposes ( life1 namely1 gr[? & reproduction1 & t we discov] ! new & additional *>act]s ( beauty :i* ?is class pres5ts to u4 ,,ii4 ,to r5d] ?is matt] pla91 ,i mu/ obs]ve t ! =mation ( r+s1 :i* unite 9 tubes1 appe>s to be almo/ univ]sally ! mat]ial condition ( gr[? & reproduction4 ,e new portion ( ^! tubes1 moreov]1 & e sup]add$ r+1 is less ?an t :i* prec$$ x4 ,x is f ?is t results ! fir/ *>act]i/ic ( ?is second k9d ( beauty1 namely1 f95ess or delicacy4 ,h5ce1 ,burke made ! possession ( a delicate frame1 )\t any rem>kable appe>ance ( /r5g?1 8 fif? condition 9 beauty2 & he "h err$ only f t want ( discrim9ation :i* l$ him to conf\nd toge!r all ! conditions ( beauty1 & prev5t$ 8 see+ t !y belong$ to diff]5t g5]a4 ,n[1 z f9e & delicate bodies1 :i* are gr[+1 w %oot 9 t direction :]e space1 air1 & light1 c be/ be _h1 & z ?is1 amid o!r twigs & t5drils1 w greatly v>y1 s w _! productions r>ely cont9ue long 9 ! same /raight l9e1 b w1 on ! contr>y1 b5d4 ,h5ce1 ! curv$ or b5d+ =m is ! second *>act]i/ic ( ?is k9d ( beauty4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k1 t1 z ! trunks1 /ems1 twigs1 & t5drils1 ( plants assume ! simple/ & mo/ univ]sal =m 9 nature1 ! r\nd "o1 s _! m delicate p>ts h aga9 ! t5d5cy to b5d into a simil> =m4 ,9 ! "y & feeble bran*es ( plants1 x is obs]v$ by ,alison1 t ! b5d+ =m is beautiful1 :5 we p]ceive t x is ! consequ5ce ( ! delicacy ( _! texture1 & ( _! be+ ov]p[]$ by ! weight ( ! fl[]4444 ,9 ! small] & feebl] tribe ( fl[]s1 z 9 ! violet1 ! daisy1 or ! lily ( ! valley1 ! b5d+ ( ! /em con/itutes a v beautiful =m1 because we imm$iately p]ceive t x is ! consequ5ce ( ! weakness & delicacy ( ! fl[]4 ,f ! circum/ances n[ describ$1 x results t all ! p>ts ( plants pres5t ! mo/ surpris+ v>iety4 ,!y v>y _! direction e mom5t1 z ,burke obs]ves1 & !y *ange "u ! eye by a deviation cont9ually c>ry+ on1 b = ^: beg9n+ or end y w f9d x difficult to asc]ta9 a po9t4 ,v>iety is !re=e ! ?ird *>act]i/ic ( ?is second k9d ( beauty2 & 9 ! indiscrim9at+ views ( ,burke1 he made two simil> conditions1 viz3 ,?irdly1 to h a v>iety 9 ! direction ( ! p>ts2 b1 f\r?ly1 to h ^? p>ts n angul>1 b melt$ z x 7 into ea* o!r2 ?us apply+ ^! to beauty g5]ally1 to :i* !y are n applicable1 b 9 a confus$ & imp]fect way4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to obs]ve t v>iety1 z a "* ( beauty1 owes its effect to ! ne$ ( *ang+ impressions1 9 ord] to enliv5 our s5sibility1 :i* does n fail to become inactive "u ! long-cont9u$ impression ( ! same /imulant4 ,x is connect$ ) ?is v>iety t unequal numb]s are pref]r$1 z we see 9 ! numb] ( fl[]s & ( _! petals1 9 t ( leaves gr\p$ toge!r1 & 9 ! ind5tations ( ^! leaves4 ,f all ?is spr+s ! f\r? & la/ *>act]i/ic ( ?is second species ( beauty1 namely1 contra/4 ,?is /rikes u :5 we at once look at ! rigid /em & b5d+ b\ghs1 & all ! v>iety :i* ! latt] display4 ,x w be obs]v$1 t1 ( all ! *>act]i/ics ( beauty1 none t5d to r5d] our p]ceptions s vivid z v>iety & contra/4 ,i conclude ?is section ) a few rem>ks on ! errors :i* ,alison has committ$ on ?is subject4 ,9 ! rose1 says t writ]1 & ! :ite lily1 & 9 ! tribe ( fl[]+ %rubs1 ! same b5d+ =m assum$ by ! /em is felt z a defect2 & in/ead ( impress+ u ) ! idea ( delicacy1 leads u to believe ! op]ation ( "s =ce to twi/ x into ?is direction4--,?is1 h[ev]1 is no defect aris+ f ! b5d+ =m n be+ ab/ractly m beautiful1 b f its be+ contr>y to ! nature ( ! /em ( fl[]+ %rubs to b5d1 f its be+1 z he himself obs]ves1 ! result ( "s =ce to twi/ x4 ,he ass]ts1 h[ev]1 t 9 plants1 angul> =ms are beautiful1 :5 !y are expressive ( f95ess1 ( t5d]ness1 ( delicacy1 or su* affect+ qualities2 & he ?9ks t ?is may p]haps appe> f ! consid]ation ( ! foll[+ in/ances3-- ,! myrtle1 = in/ance1 is g5]ally reckon$ a beautiful =m1 yet ! gr[? ( its /em is p]p5dicul>1 ! junction ( its bran*es =m regul> & simil> angles1 & _! direction is 9 /raight or angul> l9es4 ,! kn[n delicacy1 h[ev]1 & t5d]ness ( ! vegetable1 at lea/ 9 ?is climate1 prevail ov] ! g5]al expression ( ! =m1 & give x ! same beauty :i* we g5]ally f9d 9 =ms ( a contr>y k9d4--,! mi/ake "h committ$ is 9 suppos+ ! beauty ( ! myrtle to dep5d on its angul>ity1 in/ead ( its be+ ev]gre51 fragrant1 & sugge/+ pleasures ( association4 ,h[ mu* m beautiful1 he says1 is ! rose-tree :5 its buds beg9 to bl[1 ?an aft]w>d1 :5 its fl[]s are full & 9 _! greate/ p]fection6 yet1 9 ?is fir/ situation1 its =m has mu* less w9d+ surface1 & is mu* m compos$ ( /raight l9es & ( angles1 ?an aft]w>d :5 ! weight ( ! fl[] weighs d[n ! feeble bran*es1 & describes ! easie/ & mo/ v>i$ curves4--,b he answ]s himself by add+3 ,! circum/ance ( its y\?1 a circum/ance 9 all cases s affect+1 ! delicacy ( its blossom1 s well express$ by ! c>e :i* ,nature has tak5 9 surr\nd+ ! op5+ bud ) leaves1 prevail s mu* ^u our imag9ation1 t we behold ! =m itself ) m delight 9 ?is situation ?an aft]w>d1 :5 x assumes ! m g5]al =m ( delicacy4 ,!re are few ?+s 9 ! vegetable _w1 he says1 m beautiful ?an ! knott$ & angul> /em ( ! balsam1 m]ely f its s+ul> transp>5cy1 :i* x is impossible to look at )\t a /rong impression ( ! f95ess & delicacy ( ! vegetable4--,b x is its transp>5cy1 n its angul>ity1 t is beautiful4 ,! beauty ( color is n less conspicu\s ?an t ( =m 9 ?is class ( be+s4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,beauty ,,9 ,,?9k+ ,,be+s4 ,i h next to %[ t1 9 ?9k+ be+s1 :ile ! *>act]s ( inanimate1 & ^? ( liv+ beauty1 are /ill m or less cont9u$1 new *>act]i/ics are also add$ to !m4 ,i4 ,9 animals1 accord+ly1 ! bones be> a close analogy to ! wood ( plants4 ,!y g5]ally assume ! same r\nd$ =m2 b1 z ?9k+ be+s are necess>ily mov+ ones1 _! bones are holl[ to comb9e lightness ) /r5g?1 & !y are sep>at$ by jo9ts to p]mit flexion & ext5sion4 ,,ii4 ,z animals1 l plants1 gr[ & reproduce1 a portion ( _! g5]al organization1 _! vascul> sy/em1 :i* s]ves ! purpose ( gr[? & reproduction1 consi/s1 l plants1 ( trunks1 bran*es1 c42 & ! surface ( _! bodies1 ! sk91 is =m$ by a tissue ( ^! vessels4 ,accord+ly1 bo? ! vessels !mselves1 & ! tissue :i* !y =m1 pres5t ! delicacy1 ! b5d+1 ! v>iety1 & ! contra/1 :i* are ! *>act]s ( ! prec$+ species ( beauty4 ,! undulat+ & s]p5t9e l9es :i* art seeks always to design 9 its mo/ beautiful productions1 exi/ 9 great] numb] at ! surface ( ! human body ?an at t ( any o!r animal4 ,:]ev]1 z ,hog>? obs]ves1 = ! sake ( ! necess>y motion ( ! p>ts1 ) prop] /r5g? & agility1 ! ins]tions ( ! muscles are too h>d & sudd51 _! swell+s too bold1 or ! holl[s betwe5 !m too deep1 = _! outl9es to be beautiful2 nature s(t5s ^! h>dnesses1 & plumps up ^! vacancies ) a prop] supply ( fat1 & cov]s ! :ole ) ! s(t1 smoo?1 spr+y1 &1 9 delicate life1 almo/ transp>5t sk91 :i*1 con=m+ itself to ! ext]nal %ape ( all ! p>ts b5ea?1 expresses to ! eye ! idea ( its cont5ts ) ! utmo/ delicacy ( beauty & grace4 ,x is pr9cipally 9 ! features ( ! face1 z has (t5 be5 obs]v$1 & on ! surface ( ! torso & ( ! memb]s ( a beautiful woman1 t ^! delicate1 b5d+1 v>i$1 & contra/$ l9es are multipli$3 by _! union1 !y m>k ! outl9es ( diff]5t p>ts1 z 9 ! region ( ! neck1 ( ! bosom1 at ! %\ld]s1 on ! surface ( ! abdom51 on ! sides1 & pr9cipally 9 ! gradual transitions f ! head to ! neck1 & f ! lo9s to ! inf]ior extremities4 ,^! l9es v>y "u diff]5t circum/ances2 mu* enbonpo9t produc+ r\nd l9es1 & leanness or old age produc+ /raight ones4 ,woman & man /& pre-em95t among animals z to ?is k9d ( beauty2 & to !m succe$ ! swift] animals1 z ! horse1 ! /ag1 c4 ,! animals1 on ! contr>y1 ( :i* ! surface pres5ts "r l9es & squ>e =ms1 are correspond+ly depriv$ ( beauty2 z ! toad1 ! hog1 & all ! animals :i* seem to u ugly4 ,9 all animals1 also1 ! beauty ( color1 ev5 :5 slightly v>i$1 becomes extremely int]e/+4--,9 human beauty1 consid]able v>iety is produc$ by ! diff]5t %ades ( ! sk94 ,su*1 inde$1 is ! v>iety result+ f all ?is1 t "s degree ev5 ( intricacy is produc$4 ,! undulat+ l9es :i* cross 9 e direction1 & ! tortu\s pa?s ( ! eye1 are ! means ( an agreeable complication4 ,h5ce ,burke1 foll[+ ,hog>?1 says3 ,obs]ve t "p ( a beautiful woman :]e %e is p]haps ! mo/ beautiful1 ab\t ! neck & brea/s3 ! smoo?ness1 ! s(tness1 ! easy & ins5sible swell1 ! v>iety ( ! surface1 :i* is nev] = ! smalle/ space ! same1 ! deceitful maze1 ?r\gh :i* ! un/eady eye slides giddily1 )\t kn[+ :]e to fix1 or :i!r x is c>ri$4 ,is n ?is a demon/ration ( t *ange ( surface1 cont9ual1 & yet h>dly p]ceptible at any po9t1 :i* =ms "o ( ! great con/itu5ts ( beauty8 ,! hair af=ds an excell5t in/ance ( ?is agreeable complication4 ,s(t curls agitat$ by ! w9d h be5 ! !me ( e poet4 ,& yet1 says ,hog>?1 to %[ h[ excess ought to be avoid$ 9 intricacy1 z well z 9 e o!r pr9ciple1 ! v same head ( hair1 wisp$ & matt$ toge!r1 w\ld make ! mo/ disagreeable figure2 because ! eye w\ld be p]plex$1 & at a fault1 & unable to trace su* a confus$ numb] ( uncompos$ & entangl$ l9es4 ,,iii4 ,b animals h a high] sy/em ( organs & functions :i* peculi>ly di/+ui%es !m1 & :i* pres5ts new & peculi> *>act]i/ics ( beauty4 ,?is consi/s ( ! organs by :i* !y receive impressions f1 & react ^u ! objects ar\nd !m--! fir/ organs :i* ,nature pres5ts hav+ altoge!r ext]nal relations1 & ! fir/1 consequ5tly1 9 :i* we look = fitness = any purpose4 ,! importance ( fitness to ! beauty ( su* objects is le>n$ imp]ceptibly4 ,l9es & =ms1 ?\gh ! mo/ elegant1 fail to please u1 if ill di/ribut$ 9 ?is respect3 & objects1 to a great ext5t de/itute ( ! o!r *>act]s ( natural beauty1 become beautiful :5 reg>d$ 9 relation to fitness4 ,?us w\ld ?is s5se appe> to be s p[]ful1 z 9 "s measure to regulate our o!r p]ceptions ( beauty4 ,x is fitness :i* leads u to admire 9 "o animal1 :at w\ld displease u if f\nd 9 ano!r4 ,! v>iety1 says ,b>ry1 & union ( p>ts1 :i* we call beautiful 9 a greyh\nd1 are pleas+ 9 consequ5ce ( ! idea ( agility :i* !y convey4 ,9 o!r animals1 less agility is unit$ ) m /r5g?2 &1 inde$1 all ! diff]5t arrangem5ts please because !y indicate ei!r diff]5t qualities1 diff]5t degrees ( qualities1 or ! diff]5t comb9ations ( !m4 ,9 relation to ! v>i\s fitness ( ! human body1 ! same writ] says3 ,we %\ld n increase ! beauty ( ! female bosom1 by ! addition ( ano!r protub]ance2 & ! exquisite undulat+ transitions f ! convex to ! concave t5d5cies1 c\ld n be multipli$ ) any success4 ,9 f9e1 our rule = judg+ ( ! mode & degree ( ?is comb9ation ( v>iety & unity1 seems to be no o!r ?an t ( its fitness & con=mity to ! designation ( ea* species4 ,b x is less necess>y = me to adduce au?orities 9 support ( ?is tru?1 ?an to answ] ! objections t h be5 made to x by "s ( ! able/ writ]s on ! subject--objections :i* h g5]ally _! orig9 9 ! n>r[ views :i* ^! m5 h tak51 & 9 ^? p>tial hypo!ses :i*1 ev5 :5 true1 l$ !m to reject all o!r tru?4 ,x is said1 obs]ves ,burke1 t ! idea ( a "p's be+ well adapt$ to answ] its end1 is "o cause ( beauty1 or inde$ beauty itself4444 ,9 fram+ ?is !ory1 ,i am appreh5sive t exp]i5ce 0 n suffici5tly consult$4 ,=1 on t pr9ciple1 ! w$gelike sn\t ( a sw9e ) its t\gh c>tilage at ! end1 ! little sunk eyes1 & ! :ole make ( ! head1 s well adapt$ to its (fices ( digg+ & root+1 w\ld be extremely beautiful4--,& s !y are1 :5 ! beauty ( fitness = _! purpose is consid]$2 b t purpose be+ ! m]e gr[? & fatt5+ ( an animal ( s5sual & dirty habits1 x is a fallacy to repres5t ?is1 )\t explanation1 z a fair pro( ( ! abs5ce ( connexion betwe5 fitness & beauty4 ,if beauty 9 our species1 says ! same writ]1 0 annex$ to use1 m5 w\ld be mu* m lovely ?an wom52 & /r5g? & agility w\ld be consid]$ z ! only beauties4--,burke 0 a /r+] ( f9e words1 n = woman1 b = que5s1 :5 t s]v$ a selfi% & v5al purpose4 ,! s5t5ce j quot$ %[s t 8 gallantry 0 z ignorant z x 0 mean4 ,he "h ass]ts by implication t wom5 are less useful ?an m51 al?\gh x is to wom5 t ! c>e ( ! :ole human race1 dur+ its mo/ helpless ye>s1 is committ$1 & al?\gh !y take ^u !mselves all t half ( ! duties ( life :i* m5 are z little capable ( p]=m+1 z wom5 are ( p]=m+ ! portion suit$ to m54 ,&1 says he1 ,i appeal to ! fir/ & mo/ natural feel+s ( mank9d1 :e!r1 on behold+ a beautiful eye1 or a well-fa%ion$ m\?1 or a well-turn$ leg1 any ideas ( _! be+ well fitt$ = see+1 eat+1 or runn+1 ev] pres5t !mselves4--,is runn+1 !n1 ! prop] use ( ! leg 9 woman6 ,r\sseau m truly ?\ght its use 0 to fail 9 runn+1 or n to run6 ,is eat+ ! only use ( h] m\?6 ,?is1 too f ! man :o deplor$ t ! age ( *ivalry 0 gone6--,nev]!less1 ,i w v5ture to ass]t t su* ?+s nev] 7 & nev] w be se51 )\t sugge/+ ideas ( fitness ( "s k9d or o!r4 ,!re is1 he proce$s1 ano!r notion curr5t1 pretty closely alli$ to ! =m]2 t p]fection is ! con/itu5t cause ( beauty4 ,?is op9ion has be5 made to ext5d mu* f>!r ?an to s5sible objects4 ,b 9 ^!1 s f> is p]fection1 consid]$ z su*1 f be+ ! cause ( beauty1 t ?is quality1 :]e x is highe/ 9 ! female sex1 almo/ always c>ries ) x an idea ( weakness & imp]fection4--,= ?is pla9 reason1 t female p]fection is utt]ly incompatible ) great muscul> p]fection or /r5g?1 :i* w\ld inde$ be injuri\s to ! p]=mance ( e fem99e function4 ,we may n[ advance ano!r /ep 9 ! subject "u discussion4 ,:at1 !n1 are ! peculi> physical *>act]s ( be+s ?us possess+ s5se & motion1 & ?us *>act]iz$ by fitness8 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 says ,knight1 t irregul>ity is ! g5]al *>act]i/ic ( trees1 & regul>ity t ( animals4--,x w\ld h be5 m correct to say t symmetry is ?is peculi> *>act]i/ic4 ,!re is little resemblance betwe5 ! p>ts ( "o side2 & x is symmetry :i* results f ! uni=m disposition ( d\ble p>ts1 & f ! regul> division ( s+le ones4 ,h5ce an agreeable impression is produc$ by ! correspond+ disposition & ! exact resemblance ( ! eyes1 ( ! eyebr[s1 ( ! e>s1 ( ! hemisph]es ( ! bosom1 & ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( :i* ! limbs are compos$2 & ! =ehead1 ! nose1 ! m\?1 ! abdom51 ! back1 are agreeably di/+ui%$ by means ( ! m$ian l9e :i* divides !m4 ,x appe>s t ! eye is pleas$ by ! exactness ( correspond+ p>ts2 & t symmetry is ! fir/ "* ( beauty 9 ?9k+ be+s4 ,occasional irregul>ity makes u bett] appreciate ! importance ( symmetry4 ,! oblique direction ( ! eyes1 squ9t+1 twi/+ ( ! nose or lips1 unequal magnitude ( ! hemisph]es ( ! bosom1 or unequal l5g? ( ! limbs1 disfigure ! mo/ beautiful p]son4 ,b h[ does symmetry contribute to fitness1 or :y is x necess>y8 ,all our limbs & organs1 says ,payne ,knight1 s]ve u 9 pairs1 & by mutual co-op]ation ) ea* o!r3 :5ce ! habitual association ( ideas has taught u to consid] ?is uni=mity z indisp5sable to ! beauty & p]fection ( ! animal =m4 ,!re is no reason to be d$uc$ f any ab/ract consid]ation ( ! nature ( ?+s1 :y an animal %\ld be m ugly & disgu/+ = hav+ only "o eye1 or "o e>1 ?an = hav+ only "o nose or "o m\?2 yet if we 7 to meet ) a bea/ ) "o eye1 or two noses1 or two m\?s1 9 any "p ( ! _w1 we %\ld1 )\t inquiry1 decide x to be a mon/]1 & turn f x ) abhorr5ce3 nei!r is !re any reason1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 :y a /rict p>ity1 or relative equality1 9 ! correspond5t limbs & features ( a man or a horse1 %\ld be absolutely ess5tial to beauty1 & absolutely de/ructive ( x 9 ! roots & bran*es ( a tree4 ,b1 nev]!less1 ! ,creator hav+ =m$ ! "o regul>1 & ! o!r irregul>1 we habitually associate ideas ( regul>ity to ! p]fection ( "o1 & ideas ( irregul>ity to ! p]fection ( ! o!r2 & ?is habit has be5 s unv>i$1 z to h become natural4 ,?is is ! common cant ( e weak man at loss = a reason4 ,n[1 x is n by any habitual association ) our limbs & organs s]v+ u 9 pairs1 t we are taught to consid] ?is uni=mity indisp5sable to beauty1 b because1 indep5d5t ( all association1 we c\ld n conv5i5tly walk ^u "o leg1 or1 inde$1 on any unequal numb] ( legs3 & !re be+ two sides 9 ! mov+ organs1 !re are necess>ily two 9 ! s5sitive organs1 :i* are m]e portions ( ! same g5]al sy/em4 ,?us x is locomotion to be p]=m$ t r5d]s a /rict p>ity1 or relative equality1 9 ! correspond5t limbs & features ( a man or a horse absolutely ess5tial to beauty2 & x is ! abs5ce ( locomotion :i* r5d]s x utt]ly wor?less1 & !re=e v r>e1 9 ! roots & bran*es ( a tree4 ,9 animals1 proportion is n less ess5tial ?an symmetry4 ,x is inde$ ! second "* ( ?is k9d ( beauty4 ,z ?is "p ( ! subject has be5 p]fectly well treat$ by ,mr4 ,alison1 ,i ne$ only quote :at he has said3-- ,x is ?is expression ( fitness :i* is1 ,i appreh5d1 ! s\rce ( ! beauty ( :at is /rictly & prop]ly call$ proportion 9 ! p>ts ( ! human =m4 ,we expect a diff]5t =m1 & a diff]5t con=mation ( limbs1 9 a runn+ footman & a wat]man1 9 a wre/l] & a rac+ groom1 9 a %eph]d & a sailor1 c4 ,!y :o are conv]sant 9 ! productions ( ! f9e arts1 mu/ h equally obs]v$1 t ! =ms & proportions ( features1 :i* ! sculptor & ! pa9t] h giv5 to _! works1 are v diff]5t1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! "* !y repres5t1 & ! emotion !y wi% to excite4 ,! =m or proportions ( ! features ( ,jove are diff]5t f ^? ( ,h]cules2 ^? ( ,apollo1 f ^? ( ,ganym$e2 ^? ( ! ,fawn1 f ^? ( ! ,gladiator4 ,9 female beauty1 ! =m & proportions 9 ! features ( ,juno are v diff]5t f ^? ( ,v5us2 ^? ( ,m9]va1 f ^? ( ,diana2 ^? ( ,niobe1 f ^? ( ! ,graces4 ,all1 h[ev]1 are beautiful2 because all are adapt$ ) exquisite ta/e to ! *>act]s !y wi% ! c\nt5ance to express4 ,9 ! ,h]cules & ! ,ant9\s1 ! ,jupit] & ! ,apollo1 we f9d t n only ! proportions ( ! =m1 b ^? ( e limb1 are diff]5t2 & t ! pleasure we feel 9 ^! proportions arises f _! exquisite fitness = ! physical ends :i* ! arti/s 7 consult+4 ,! illu/ration1 h[ev]1 may be made /ill m precise2 =1 ev5 9 ! same c\nt5ance1 & 9 ! same h\r1 ! same =m ( feature may be beautiful or o!rwise4 ,,section ,,iv4 ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,beauty ,,z ,,employ$ ,,9 ,,objects ,,( ,,art4 ,i divide ! arts into ! useful1 ! ornam5tal1 & ! intellectual1 commonly call$ ! f9e arts2 & ,i %all endeavor to %[1 t ! objects ( ea* ( ^! are *>act]iz$ by a peculi> k9d ( beauty1 correspond+ to "o ( ^? already describ$4 ,i %all endeavor to %[ t ! objects ( ! useful arts are *>act]iz$ by ! simple geometrical =ms :i* belong to inanimate be+s2 t ^? ( ! ornam5tal arts are *>act]iz$ by ! delicate1 b5d+1 v>i$1 & contra/$ =ms ( liv+ be+s2 & t ^? ( ! intellectual arts are1 9 _! highe/ ef=ts1 *>act]iz$ *iefly by ?9k+ =ms1 z 9 ge/ure1 sculpture1 pa9t+1 or by functions ( m9d actually ex]cis$1 9 oratory1 poetry1 music4 ,9 all ^! arts1 purpose is impli$--n purpose 9 ! hypo!tical s5se1 z appli$ to ! exi/5ce1 conditions1 & objects1 ( natural be+s--b 9 ! common intelligible s5se ( ! ^w1 z express+ ! int5tion ( m5 9 ! pursuit ( ^! arts4 ,beauty ( ,useful ,objects4 ,"h ! purpose be+ utility1 ?is k9d ( beauty arises f ! p]ception ( means z adapt$ to an end1 :i* ( c\rse implies1 ! p>ts ( any?+ be+ fitt$ to answ] ! purpose ( ! :ole4 ,?is implies an act ( und]/&+ & judgm5t2 = ( no product ( useful art c we p]ceive ! extr9sic beauty1 until we "k its de/9ation1 & ! relations :i* t involves4 ,:5 ^! are kn[n1 s p[]ful is ! s5se ( utility1 t1 ?\gh deviation f ! elem5t>y beauty nev] ceases to be felt1 yet t s5se sanctions x to a great ext5t4 ,h5ce x is t an irregul> dwell+-h\se may become beautiful1 :5 its conv5i5ce is /rik+4 ,h5ce x is t1 9 ! =ms ( furniture1 ma*9es1 & in/rum5ts1 _! beauty arises *iefly f ?is consid]ation2 & t e =m becomes beautiful by association1 :]e x is p]fectly adapt$ to its end4 ,! great]1 h[ev]1 ! elem5t>y beauty1 t c be introduc$ 9 useful objects1 ! m obvi\s w _! utility be1 & ! m beautiful w !y univ]sally appe>4 ,?is w be grant$ ! mom5t ,i m5tion simplicity4 ,( all ! elem5ts ( beauty already spok5 (--( all ! means ( produc+ accordant & agreeable relations--simplicity appe>s to be ! mo/ effici5t2 & 9 all ! useful arts1 no elem5t>y consid]ation recomm5ds _! objects s mu*4 ,?is implies all ! re/1 regul>ity1 uni=mity1 proportion1 ord]1 c41 z f> z is compatible ) purpose4 ,?us1 9 reg>d to uni=mity1 says "s "o1 a numb] ( ?+s de/9$ = ! same purpose1 z *airs1 spoons1 c41 _c be too uni=m1 because !y are adapt$ to uni=m purposes2 b x w\ld be absurd to give to objects de/9$ = "o purpose ! =m suit$ to ^? de/9$ = ano!r4 ,s also ! objects ( useful art w resemble 9 =m precisely z !y resemble 9 purpose2 & :]e ! purpose is simil>1 & ! deviation :i* is admissible is slight1 ?is becomes a subject ( great nicety1 &1 if ornam5t be at ! same "t admissible1 a subject ( exquisite ta/e4 ,x 0 by ! transc5d5t ex]cise ( ^! qualities1 t ! ,greeks succe$$ 9 fix+ ! ord]s ( ar*itecture4 ,! mo/ beautiful columns w\ld h %ock$ ! sight1 if _! mass _h n correspond$ to t ( ! edifice :i* !y su/a9$2 & ! diff]5ce :i* exi/$ 9 ?is respect1 requir$ a diff]5ce ( ornam5t4 ,home inde$ obs]ves1 t writ]s on ar*itecture insi/ mu* ^u ! proportions ( a column1 & assign diff]5t proportions to ! ,doric1 ,ionic1 & ,cor9?ian2 b no ar*itect w ma9ta91 t ! mo/ accurate proportions contribute m to use1 ?an sev]al t are less accurate & less agreeable4 ,t su* a man %\ld h committ$ su* an error is surpris+4 ,x seems evid5t t ! diff]5t proportion 9 ! columns ( ^! ord]s is admirably suit$ to ! diff]5t quantity ( matt] 9 _! entablatures4 ,a great] sup]9cumb5t mass1 requir$ %ort] & ?ick] columns2 a less sup]9cumb5t mass1 long] & sl5d] ones4 ,_m exp]im5ts1 mu* obs]vation1 7 requisite to det]m9e ?is2 b ! ,greeks _h ! means ( mak+ !m1 & solv$ e problem on ! subject2 & ! result ( ! p]fection !y atta9$ is1 t all err :o dep>t f ! tru? !y h det]m9$4 ,x 01 aga91 ! diff]+ quantities ( matt] 9 ! entablatures1 & ! accurately-correspond+ dim5sions ( ! columns t det]m9$1 ( c\rse amid inf9ite exp]im5t & obs]vation1 ! nature ( _! ornam5ts4 ,h5ce1 ! ,doric is di/+ui%$ by simplicity2 ! ,ionic by elegance2 & ! ,cor9?ian by lightness1 9 ornam5t z well z 9 proportion4 ,ev51 !re=e1 if we 7 to de/roy all ! associations ( elegance1 ( magnific5ce1 ( co/l9ess1 &1 /ill m ?an all1 ( antiquity1 :i* are s /rongly connect$ ) su* =ms1 ! pleasure :i* _! proportions w\ld af=d1 w\ld rema91 z 9 all cases :]e means are be/ adapt$ to _! end4 ,9 8 objections to proportion z an elem5t ( beauty1 ,burke only conf\nds ?is k9d ( beauty ) t :i* ,i h next to describe4 ,! effects ( proportion & fitness1 he says1 at lea/ s f> z !y proce$ f a m]e consid]ation ( ! "w itself1 produce approbation1 ! acquiesc5ce ( ! und]/&+1 b n love1 nor any passion ( t species4 ,:5 we exam9e ! /ructure ( a wat*1 :5 we come to "k ?or\ghly ! use ( e "p ( x1 satisfi$ z we are ) ! fitness ( ! :ole1 we are f> en\gh f p]ceiv+ any?+ l beauty 9 ! wat*work itself2 b let u look on ! case1 ! labor ( "s curi\s arti/ 9 engrav+1 ) little or no idea ( use1 we %all h a mu* liveli] idea ( beauty ?an we ev] c\ld h _h f ! wat* itself1 ?\gh ! ma/]piece ( ,graham4 ,x is an emotion ( pleasure :i* is ! inevitable result ( ! p]ception ( beauty1 n love1 nor any passion ( ! k9d4 ,^! w or w n foll[1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! object1 & ( ! m9d ( ! obs]v]4 ,a hill1 a valley1 or a rivulet1 may be beautiful1 & x w excite an emotion ( pleasure :5 its beauty is disc]n$2 b x may produce no desire or passion ( love4 ,!re may exi/1 !n1 ! beauty ( utility1 z to ! /ructure ( ! wat*1 & t ( ornam5t z to its case2 & "s m9ds w m readily p]ceive ! "o2 o!rs1 ! o!r4 ,:5 ,burke adds1 ,9 beauty1 ! effect is previ\s to any k ( ! use2 b to judge ( proportion1 we mu/ "k ! end = :i* any "w is design$2 he =gets1 t1 9 ! in/ance ( ! b>b]'s block1 c41 he %[$ t ! p]ception ( beauty1 z well z proportion1 requir$ obs]vation1 exp]i5ce1 & reflection4 ,beauty ( ,ornam5tal ,objects4 ,!re are ?ree great arts :i*1 "u circum/ances ( high civilization1 become ornam5tal1 namely1 l&scape-g>d5+1 ar*itecture1 & dress--! p>ticul> arts by :i* our p]sons are m or less closely inve/$2#ad & all ( !m1 !n1 require beauty ( ! second k9d1 t :i* belongs p>ticul>ly to vegetable be+s1 & is *>act]iz$ by delicate1 b5d+ v>i$1 & contra/$ =ms4 ,all ^!1 reg>d$ z ornam5tal arts1 h *iefly bodily & s5sual pleasures = _! purpose2 & ?is ,i consid] z di/+ui%+ !m f ! intellectual arts1 :i* h a high] purpose4 ,( l&scape-g>d5+1 ! mat]ials are plants1 & !re=e its beauty is evid5tly dep5dant on1 or r compos$ (1 !irs4 ,! same k9d ( beauty w be f\nd 9 e ornam5tal art4 ,h5ce1 ,alison says3 ,! great] "p ( beautiful =ms 9 nature1 are to be f\nd 9 ! vegetable k+dom1 9 ! =ms ( fl[]s1 ( foliage1 ( %rubs1 & 9 ^? assum$ by ! "y %oots ( trees4 ,x is f !m1 accord+ly1 t almo/ all ^? =ms h be5 imitat$1 :i* h be5 employ$ by arti/s = ! purposes ( ornam5t & elegance4 ,on ?is k9d ( beauty1 mi/ak+ x = ! only "o1 ,hog>? f\nd$ 8 peculi> doctr9e4 ,he adopts two l9es1 on :i*1 accord+ to him1 ! beauty ( figure pr9cipally dep5ds4 ,"o is ! wav+ l9e1 or a curve b5d+ g5tly 9 opposite directions4 ,?is he calls ! l9e ( beauty2 & he %[s h[ (t5 x is f\nd 9 fl[]s1 %ells1 & v>i\s works ( nature2 :ile x is common also 9 ! figures design$ by pa9t]s & sculptors1 = ! purpose ( decoration4 ,! o!r l9e1 :i* he calls ! l9e ( grace1 is ! =m] wav+ l9e1 twi/$ r\nd "s solid body4 ,twi/$ pill>s & twi/$ horns exhibit x4 ,9 all ! in/ances :i* he m5tions1 v>iety pla9ly appe>s to be s important an elem5t ( ?is k9d ( beauty1 t he /ates a portion ( ! tru?1 :5 he def9es ! art ( draw+ pleas+ =ms to be ! art ( v>y+ well2 = ! curve l9e1 s mu* ! favorite ( pa9t]s1 d]ives mu* ( its beauty f its p]petual b5d+ & v>iation f ! /iff regul>ity ( ! /raight l9e4 ,x is evid5t1 h[ev]1 t 9 ?is1 he mi/akes "o k9d ( beauty = all4 ,( ar*itecture1 consid]$ z a f9e art1 mu* ( ! beauty dep5ds on ! imitation ( vegetable =ms4 ,employ+ mat]ials :i* require ! be/ *>act]i/ics ( ! fir/ k9d ( beauty1 x1 9 its *oice/ & ornam5t$ p>ts1 imitates bo? ! rigid trunks1 & ! delicate & b5d+ =ms ( plants4 ,its columns1 tap]+ upw>d1 are copi$ f ! trunks ( trees2 & _! decorations are suit$ ) consummate art to _! dim5sions1 & ! weight !y support4 ,! simple ,doric has little ornam5t2 ! elegant ,ionic has m2 ! light ,cor9?ian has mo/4 ,on ! subject ( ^! f9ely-calculat$ ornam5ts1 "s obs]vations h /ruck me1 :i* ,i h n se5 m5tion$ else:]e4 ,! ,doric pres5ts only columns1 )\t any o!r ornam5t ?an t ( :i* _! m]e =m admits4 ,! ,ionic expresses increas$ lightness1 by ! int]position ( its volute1 z if ! sup]9cumb5t weight _h b g5tly press$ a s(t solid into a scroll4 ,! ,cor9?ian expresses ! utmo/ lightness1 by =m+ its capitals ( foliage1 z if ! weight above !m c\ld n cru% ev5 a leaf4 ,! ,composite expresses gayety1 by add+ fl[]s to ! foliage4 ,x is f imp]fect views ( ?is1 t ! mean+ & effect ( c>yatides h be5 mi/ak53 in/ead ( be+ oppress$ by weight1 !y seem1 :5 well employ$1 to h no weight to support4 ,9 ne>ly all int]nal ar*itectural decorations1 x is ! delicate1 b5d+1 v>i$1 & contra/$ vegetable =ms :i* are imitat$4 ,!re is sc>ce a room1 9 any h\se :atev]1 says ,hog>?1 :]e "o does n see ! wav+ l9e employ$ 9 "s way or o!r4 ,h[ inelegant w\ld ! %apes ( all our moveables be )\t x8 h[ v pla9 & unornam5tal ! m\ld+s ( cornices & *imney-pieces1 )\t ! v>iety introduc$ by ! ogee memb]1 :i* is entirely compos$ ( wav+ l9es4 ,! di/9ctions ,i h "h made1 are f>!r illu/rat$ by ! rem>ks ( ,alison1 :o says3 ,^! ornam5ts be+ execut$ 9 a v h>d & durable sub/ance1 are 9 fact only beautiful :5 !y appe> b z m9ute p>ts ( ! :ole4 ,! great con/itu5t p>ts ( e build+ require direct & angul> l9es1 because 9 su* p>ts we require ! expression ( /ability & /r5g?4 ,x is only 9 ! m9ute & delicate p>ts ( ! "w1 t any k9d ( ornam5t is attempt$ ) propriety2 & :5ev] ornam5ts exce$ 9 size1 9 _! quantity ( matt]1 or 9 ! prom95ce ( _! relief1 t proportion :i*1 9 po9t ( lightness or delicacy1 we expect !m to hold ) respect to ! :ole ( ! build+1 ! imitation ( ! mo/ beautiful vegetable =ms does n pres]ve !m f ! c5sure ( clums9ess & de=mity4 ,9 dress1 consid]$ z an ornam5tal art1 &1 z practis$ by ! sex :i* *iefly /udies x1 ! *ief beauty dep5ds on ! adoption ( w9d+ =ms 9 drap]y1 & ( wrea?s ( fl[]s = ! head1 c4 ,^! are ess5tial to ! v>iety & contra/1 z well z to ! gayety :i* t sex desires4 ,uni=mity1 says ,hog>?1 is *iefly compli$ ) 9 dress1 on acc\nt ( fitness1 & seems to be ext5d$ n mu* f>!r ?an dress+ bo? arms alike1 & hav+ ! %oes ( ! same color4 ,= :5 any "p ( dress has n ! excuse ( fitness or propriety = its uni=mity ( p>ts1 ! ladies always call x =mal4 ,^! irregul>1 v>y+1 & some:at complicat$ drap]ies excite t active curiosity1 & ^? movem5ts ( imag9ation1 to :i* skilful wom5 nev] neglect to address !mselves 9 mod]n co/ume4 ,x is ) ! same feel+ & int5tion1 :e!r ^! be def9$ or n1 t1 9 ! head-dress1 !y seek = b5d+ l9es & circumvolutions1 & t !y comb9e v>i\sly ! waves & ! tresses ( ! hair4 ,= ! same reason1 a fea!r or a fl[] is nev] plac$ precisely ov] ! middle ( ! =ehead2 & if two are employ$1 great c>e is tak5 t _! positions are dissimil>4 ,x has sometimes /ruck me z rem>kable1 t preci\s /ones are almo/ always arrang$ diff]5tly f fl[]s4 ,:ile ! latt] are plac$ irregul>ly1 & 9 wav+ l9es1 n only on ! head1 b ! bosom1 & ! skirt ( ! dress1 ! =m] are 9 g5]al regul>ly plac$1 ei!r on ! m$ian l9e ( ! p]son1 z ! middle ( ! =ehead &1 9 ,ea/]n c\ntries1 ( ! nose1 or symmetrically 9 simil> p5dants f ea* e>1 & bracelets on ! arms & wri/s4 ,! in/9ctive feel+ :i* gives orig9 to ?is is1 t fl[]s adorn ! sy/em ( life & reproduction1 & by _! color & smell1 associate ) its emotions1 :i* !y also express & communicate to o!rs--!y1 !re=e1 assume ! v>i$ =ms ( t sy/em2 :]eas1 diamonds1 atta*$ g5]ally to m5tal organs1 or organs ( s5se1 are significant ( m5tal feel+s1 love ( spl5dor1 di/9ction1 pride1 c4--!y1 !re=e1 assume ! symmetrical =m ( ^! organs4 ,h5ce1 too1 fl[]s are recomm5d$ to ! "y2 diamonds are p]mitt$ only to ! old4 ,beauty ( ,intellectual ,objects4 ,i h already said1 t ! intellectual arts are1 9 _! highe/ ef=ts1 *>act]iz$ *iefly by animal =ms1 z 9 ge/ure1 sculpture1 & pa9t+1 or by animal functions actually ex]cis$1 9 oratory1 poetry1 & music4 ,9 ! useful arts1 ! purpose is utility2 9 ! ornam5tal arts1 x is bodily or s5sual pleasure2 & 9 ! intellectual arts1 x is ! pleasure ( imag9ation4 ,! fir/ elem5ts ( beauty1 h[ev]1 are n =gott5 9 ^! arts4 ,z simplicity is conspicu\s 9 ! works ( nature1 s is x a condition ( beauty 9 all ! op]ations ( m9d4 ,9 philosophy1 g5]al !orems become beautiful f ?is simplicity2 & poli%$ mann]s receive f x dignity & grace4 ,! intellectual arts are especially dep5dant ^u x3 x has be5 a /rik+ "* ( _! mo/ illu/ri\s cultivators1 & ( _! v highe/ ef=ts4 ,h[ mu* ! *>act]s & accid5ts ( elem5t>y beauty influ5ce intellectual art1 has be5 well %[n by ,mr4 ,knight4 ,9 ! high] class ( l&scapes1 he says1 :e!r 9 nature or 9 art1 ! m]e s5sual gratification ( ! eye is comp>atively s small1 z sc>cely to be att5d$ to3 b yet1 if !re occur a s+le spot1 ei!r 9 ! sc5e or ! picture1 (f5sively h>% & gl>+--if ! l&scape-g>d5]1 9 ! "o1 or ! picture-clean]1 9 ! o!r1 h ex]t$ _! unhappy tal5ts ( poli%+1 all ! magic in/antly vani%es1 & ! imag9ation av5ges ! injury (f]$ to ! s5se4 ,! gl>+ & unh>moni\s spot1 be+ ! mo/ prom95t & obtrusive1 irresi/ibly attracts ! att5tion1 s z to int]rupt ! repose ( ! :ole1 & leaves ! m9d no place to re/ ^u4 ,x is1 9 "s respects1 he obs]ves1 ! same ) ! s5se ( he>+4 ,! m]e s5sual gratification1 aris+ f ! melody ( an actor's voice1 is a v small "p1 inde$1 ( ! pleasure :i* we receive f ! repres5tation ( a f9e drama3 b1 nev]!less1 if a s+le note ( ! voice be absolutely crack$ & out ( tune1 s z to (f5d & disgu/ ! e>1 x w completely de/roy ! effect ( ! mo/ skilful act+1 & r5d] all ! sublimity & pa?os ( ! f9e/ trag$y ludicr\s4 ,?is1 ,i may obs]ve1 is a concession ( mu* t he else:]e inconsi/5tly cont5ds =2 = s5sual beauty c\ld nev] act ?us p[]fully1 if x possess$ n fundam5tal importance z an elem5t ev5 9 ! mo/ complex beauty4 ,t ! second k9d ( beauty also ent]s into ! acts or products ( intellectual beauty1 is suffici5tly illu/rat$ by ! obs]vation ( ,hog>?1 :o on ?is subject obs]ves1 t all ! common & necess>y motions = ! bus9ess ( life are p]=m$ by m5 9 /raight or pla9 l9es1 :ile all ! graceful & ornam5tal movem5ts are made 9 wav+ l9es4 ,z ,alison has giv5 ! be/ view ( ! hi/ory & "* ( beauty 9 ! intellectual arts1 z t inde$ con/itutes ! mo/ valuable portion ( 8 "w1 ,i %all conclude ?is section by a greatly abridg$ view ( ^! z ne>ly z possible 9 8 own words4 ,!re is no production ( ta/e1 :i* has n _m qualities ( a v indiff]5t k9d2 & our s5se ( ! beauty or sublimity ( e object accord+ly dep5ds ^u ! quality or qualities ( x :i* we consid]4 ,?is1 ,mr4 ,alison might h obs]v$1 is 9 great measure dep5dant ^u our w4 ,we c g5]ally1 :5 we please1 conf9e our consid]ation ( x to ! qualities t lea/ excite pleasurable or pa9ful emotion1 & t c lea/ int]e/ ! imag9ation4 ,x is 9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 t ! ex]cise ( criticism always de/roys1 = ! "t1 our s5sibility to ! beauty ( e composition1 & t habits ( ?is k9d g5]ally de/roy ! s5sibility ( ta/e4 ,:51 on ! o!r h&1 ! emotions ( sublimity or beauty are produc$1 x w be f\nd t "s affection is uni=mly fir/ excit$ by ! pres5ce ( ! object2 & :e!r ! g5]al impression we receive is t ( gayety1 or t5d]ness1 or melan*oly1 or solemnity1 or t]ror1 c41 we h nev] any difficulty ( det]m9+4 ,b :atev] may be ! nature ( t simple emotion :i* any object is fitt$ to excite1 if x produce n a tra9 ( k9dr$ ?\ght 9 our m9ds1 we are consci\s only ( t simple emotion4 ,9 _m cases1 on ! contr>y1 we are consci\s ( a tra9 ( ?\ght be+ imm$iately awak5$ 9 ! imag9ation1 analog\s to ! "* ( expression ( ! orig9al object4 ,?us1 :5 we feel ei!r ! beauty or sublimity ( natural sc5]y--! gay lu/re ( a morn+ 9 spr+1 or ! mild radiance ( a summ]-ev5+--! savage maje/y ( a w9try /orm1 or ! wild magnific5ce ( ! tempe/u\s ocean--we are consci\s ( a v>iety ( images 9 our m9ds1 v diff]5t f ^? :i* ! objects !mselves pres5t to ! eye4 ,tra9s ( pleas+ or ( solemn ?\ght arise spontane\sly )9 our m9ds2 our he>ts swell ) emotions1 ( :i* ! objects be=e u seem to af=d no adequate cause2 & we are nev] s mu* satiat$ ) delight1 z :51 9 recall+ our att5tion1 we are unable 7little able1 p]haps1 & less dispos$7 to trace ei!r ! progress or ! connexion ( ^? ?\ghts1 :i* h pass$ ) s mu* rapidity ?r\gh our imag9ation4 ,! effect ( ! diff]5t arts ( ta/e is simil>4 ,! l&scapes ( ,claude ,lorra9e1 ! poetry ( ,milton1 ! music ( ! greate/ ma/]s1 excite feeble emotions 9 our m9ds :5 our att5tion is conf9$ to ! qualities !y pres5t to our s5ses1 or :5 x is to su* qualities ( _! composition t we turn our reg>d4 ,x is !n only we feel ! sublimity or beauty ( _! productions1 :5 our imag9ations are k9dl$ by _! p[]1 :5 we lose ourselves amid ! numb] ( images t pass be=e our m9ds1 & :5 we wak5 at la/ f ?is play ( fancy1 z f ! *>m ( a romantic dream4 ,! degree 9 :i* ! emotions ( sublimity or beauty are felt1 is 9 g5]al proportion$ to ! preval5ce ( ^? relations ( ?\ght 9 ! m9d1 ^u :i* ?is ex]cise ( imag9ation dep5ds4 ,! pr9cipal relation :i* seems to take place 9 ^? tra9s ( ?\ght t are produc$ by objects ( ta/e1 is t ( resemblance2 ! relation1 ( all o!rs ! mo/ loose & g5]al1 & :i* af=ds ! greate/ range ( ?\ght = our imag9ation to pursue4 ,:]ev]1 accord+ly1 ^! emotions are felt1 x w be f\nd1 n only t ?is is ! relation :i* pr9cipally prevails among our ideas1 b t ! emotion itself is proportion$ to ! degree 9 :i* x prevails4 ,:at1 = in/ance1 is ! impression we feel f ! sc5]y ( spr+8 ,! s(t & g5tle gre5 ) :i* ! e>? is spread1 ! feeble texture ( ! plants & fl[]s1 ! "y ( animals j ent]+ into life1 & ! rema9s ( w9t] yet l+]+ among ! woods & hills--all conspire to infuse into our m9ds some:at ( t fe>ful t5d]ness ) :i* infancy is usually beheld4 ,) su* a s5tim5t1 h[ innum]able are ! ideas :i* pres5t !mselves to our imag9ation6 ideas1 x is app>5t1 by no means conf9$ to ! sc5e be=e our eyes1 or to ! possible desolation :i* may yet await its infant beauty1 b :i* almo/ involunt>ily ext5d !mselves to analogies ) ! life ( man1 & br+ be=e u all ^? images ( hope or fe>1 :i*1 accord+ to our peculi> situations1 h ! dom9ion ( our he>t6--,! beauty ( autumn is accompani$ ) a simil> ex]cise ( ?\ght4 ,:atev] increases ?is ex]cise or employm5t ( imag9ation1 increases also ! emotion ( beauty or sublimity4 ,?is is v obvi\sly ! effect ( all associations4 ,!re is no man :o has n "s int]e/+ associations ) p>ticul> sc5es1 or airs1 or books1 & :o does n feel _! beauty or sublimity enhanc$ to him by su* connexions4 ,! view ( ! h\se :]e "o 0 born1 ( ! s*ool :]e "o 0 educat$1 & :]e ! gay ye>s ( infancy 7 pass$1 is indiff]5t to no man4 ,9 ! case ( ^? tra9s ( ?\ght1 :i* are sugge/$ by objects ei!r ( sublimity or beauty1 x w be f\nd1 t !y are 9 all cases compos$ ( ideas capable ( excit+ "s affection or emotion2 & t n only ! :ole succession is accompani$ ) t peculi> emotion :i* we call ! emotion ( beauty or sublimity1 b t e individual idea ( su* a succession is 9 itself productive ( "s simple emotion or o!r4 ,?us ! ideas sugge/$ by ! sc5]y ( spr+1 are ideas productive ( emotions ( *e] fulness1 ( gladness1 & ( t5d]ness4 ,! images sugge/$ by ! prospect ( ru9s1 are images belong+ to pity1 to melan*oly1 & to admiration4 ,! ideas1 9 ! same mann]1 awak5$ by ! view ( ! ocean 9 a /orm1 are ideas ( p[]1 ( maje/y1 & ( t]ror4 ,to prev5t circumlocution1 su* ideas may be t]m$ ideas ( emotion2 & ! effect :i* is produc$ ^u ! m9d1 by objects ( ta/e1 may be consid]$ z consi/+ 9 ! production ( a regul> or consi/5t tra9 ( ideas ( emotion4 ,9 ^? tra9s :i* are sugge/$ by objects ( sublimity or beauty1 h[ev] slight ! connexion betwe5 individual ?\ghts may be1 x w be f\nd1 t !re is always "s g5]al pr9ciple ( connexion :i* p]vades ! :ole1 & gives !m "s c]ta9 def9ite "*4 ,!y are ei!r gay1 or pa!tic1 or melan*oly1 or solemn1 or awful1 or elevat+1 c41 accord+ to ! nature ( ! emotion :i* is fir/ excit$4 ,?us ! prospect ( a s]5e ev5+ 9 summ]1 produces fir/ an emotion ( peacefulness & tranquillity1 & !n sugge/s a v>iety ( images correspond+ to ?is prim>y impression4 ,! sight ( a torr5t1 or ( a /orm1 9 ! same mann]1 impresses u fir/ ) s5tim5ts ( awe or solemnity1 or t]ror1 & !n awak5s 9 our m9ds a s]ies ( conceptions alli$ to ?is peculi> emotion4 ,! intellectual1 or f9e arts are ^? ^: objects are ?us address$ to ! imag9ation2 & ! pleasures !y af=d are describ$1 by way ( di/9ction1 z ! pleasures ( ! imag9ation4 ,,summ>y ,,( ,,?is ,,*apt]4 ,?us1 by analysis1 g5]alization1 & sy/ematization1 ( ! mat]ials :i* ! be/ writ]s pres5t1 ,i h1 9 ?is *apt]1 endeavor$ to take new & l>g] views2 &1 by an exam9ation ( ! elem5ts ( beauty1 ,i h endeavor$ to fix its doctr9es ^u an immoveable basis4 ,i h %[n t !re exi/ elem5ts ( beauty equally inv>iable 9 !mselves1 & 9 ! k9d ( effect !y produce ^u ! m9d2 t ^! elem5ts are modifi$1 v>i$1 & complicat$1 z we advance f ! mo/ simple to ! mo/ complex class ( natural be+s1 or ( ! arts :i* relate to ^! respectively2 t ! elem5ts ( beauty 9 inanimate be+s1 consi/ 9 ! simplicity1 regul>ity1 uni=mity1 proportion1 ord]1 c41 ( ^? geometrical =ms :i* are s intimately connect$ ) m]e exi/5ce2 t ! elem5ts ( beauty 9 liv+ be+s1 consi/ 9 add+ to ! prec$+ ! delicacy1 b5d+1 v>iety1 contra/1 c41 :i* are connect$ ) gr[?1 & reproduction2 t ! elem5ts ( beauty 9 ?9k+ be+s1 consi/ 9 add+ to ! prec$+ ! symmetry1 proportion1#ae c41 :i* are connect$ ) fitness = s5se1 ?\ght1 & motion2 t ! elem5ts ( beauty 9 ! objects ( useful art1 consi/ 9 ! same simplicity1 regul>ity1 uni=mity1 proportion1 ord]1 ( geometrical =ms :i* belong to inanimate be+s2 t ! elem5ts ( beauty 9 ! objects ( ornam5tal art consi/ 9 ! same delicacy1 b5d+1 v>iety1 contra/1 :i* belong to liv+ be+s2 & t ! elem5ts ( beauty 9 ! objects ( intellectual art consi/ 9 ?9k+ =ms1 9 ge/ure1 sculpture1 & pa9t+1 or 9 functions ( m9d actually ex]cis$1 9 oratory1 poetry1 & music4 ,! elem5ts ( beauty h hi!rto be5 conf\nd$ by _m writ]s1 z m or less applicable to objects ( all k9ds2 & z ?is g5]al & confus$ application 0 easily disprov$ z to _m objects1 unc]ta9ty & d\bt h be5 ?r[n ov] ! :ole4 ,! rema9+ writ]s h consequ5tly be5 l$ to adopt1 z *>act]s ( beauty1 only "o or two ( ^! elem5ts1 :i* 7 consequ5tly capable ( application only to "o or two classes ( its objects4 ,h5ce1 no subject ( human inquiry has hi!rto be5 left 9 a m disgraceful condition ?an ?is1 ! v f\ndation ( ta/e4 ,i d n hesitate to /ate t1 ow+ to ! ne> approximations to tru?1 & ! ins5sible transitions into error1 :i* ,i h f\nd 9 e writ]1 & ! imm5se mass ( confus$ mat]ials :i* !y pres5t1 ?is subject has co/ me m tr\ble ?an any "o ,i h ev] inve/igat$1 except t ( my "w on ! m9d2#af nor )\t "s physiological k1 d ,i ?9k tasks ( ?is k9d at all practicable4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ea* bran* ( k is mo/ surely advanc$ by acqua9tance ) its relat$ bran*es2 & philosoph]s _c too mu* be> 9 m9d ! words ( ,cic]o3 ,et5im omnes artes qu ad humanitatem p]t95t1 hab5t quoddam commune v9culum1 et quasi cognatione quadam int] se cont95tur4 ,,app5dix ,,to ,,! ,,prec$+ ,,*apt]s4 ,,section ,i4 ,,nature ,,( ,,! ,,picturesque4#ag ,9 l&scape1 ! nature ( ! beautiful & ! sublime seems to be bett] und]/ood ?an t ( ! picturesque4 ,!re are few disputes z to ! =m]2 _m z to ! latt]4 ,^! disputes1 moreov]1 are n z to :at is picturesque1 b z to :at picturesque is4 ,payne ,knight ass]ts1 t ! picturesque has no di/9ctive "*1 & m]ely designates :at a pa9t] w\ld imitate4 ,price1 on ! contr>y1 has giv5 s _m admirable illu/rations ( x1 t its *>act]i/ics are be=e e read]4 ,/range to tell1 its nature or ess5ce has n be5 p5etrat$1 because ^! *>act]i/ics h n be5 rigidly analyz$4 ,price has1 inde$1 g5]aliz$ consid]ably on ?is subject1 by %[+ t irregul>ity1 r\ghness1 c41 ent] into all sc5es ( a picturesque description2 & ! exam9ation ( any "o ( !m w c]ta9ly v]ify ! tru? ( 8 obs]vation4 ,?us1 on a remote c\ntry-road1 we (t5 obs]ve ! deep ruts on its surface :i* 9 w9t] w\ld r5d] x impassable--! huge & loose moss-gr[n /one1 ready to encumb] x by fall+ f ! bank--! /unt$ poll>d by its side1 ^: roots are expos$ by ! e>? fall+ away f x1 & :i* mu/ itself be swept away by ! fir/ w9d t may bl[ aga9/ x 9 an unfavorable direction--! almo/ ru9$ cottage1 above & beyond ^!1 ^: gable is propp$ up by an old & brok5 :eel1 & ^: ?at*$ ro(1 /a9$ ) e hue ( moss or li*51 has1 at "o "p1 long fall5 9--! %aggy & ragg$ horse t br[ses among ! rank we$s ar\nd x--& ! old man1 b5t ) age1 :o leans ov] ! brok5 gate 9 front ( x4 ,"h1 9 e circum/ance1 is v]ifi$ ! irregul>ity & r\ghness :i* ,price ascribes to ! picturesque4 ,b he has fail$ to obs]ve1 t ! irregul>ity & r\ghness are b ! signs ( t :i* int]e/s ! m9d f> m deeply1 namely1 ! univ]sal ,,decay :i* causes !m4 ,?is is ! ess5ce ( ! picturesque--! *>m 9 x :i* begets our sympa?y4 ,conf9+ 8 rem>k m]ely to ru9s1 ! au?or ( ,obs]vations on ,g>d5+1 says3 ,at ! sight ( a ru91 reflections on ! *ange1 ! decay1 & ! desolation1 be=e u naturally occur2 & !y introduce a long succession ( o!rs1 all t9ctur$ ) t melan*oly :i* ^! h inspir$2 or if ! monum5t revive ! memory ( =m] times1 we d n /op at ! simple fact :i* x records1 b recollect _m m coeval circum/ances :i* we see1 nor p]haps z !y 71 b z !y are come d[n to u1 v5]able ) age1 & magnifi$ by fame4--,:at is "h said ( ru9s1 & is inde$ z to !m suffici5tly /rik+1 is true ( ! picturesque univ]sally1 & x is only surpris+ t1 amid su* disputes1 ?is simple & obvi\s tru? %\ld n h be5 obs]v$4 ,9 l&scape1 !re=e1 ! picturesque /&s 9 ! same relation to ! beautiful & sublime1 t ! pa!tic does to !m 9 poetry4 ,h5ce1 speak+ also ( ru9s only1 ,alison says3 ,! images sugge/$ by ! prospect ( ru9s1 are images belong+ to pity1 to melan*oly1 & to admiration4 ,a ?\s& illu/rations might be giv5 9 support ( ?is tru? & ! pr9ciple :i* x af=ds2 b ,i ?9k x bett] to leave ^! to ! sugge/ion or ! *oice ( e read]4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,,cause ,,( ,,laught]4 ,?is has be5 p>tly expla9$ by ,beattie1 p>tly by ,hobbes2 & x is *iefly to v9dicate ! latt]1 :o knew mu* m ( ! human m9d ?an ! p :o h attack$ him1 t ,i write ! pages imm$iately foll[+4 ,speak+ ( ! quality 9 ?+s1 :i* makes !m provoke ! pleas+ emotion or s5tim5t ( :i* laught] is ! ext]nal sign1 ,beattie says3 ,x is an uncommon mixture ( relation & contr>iety1 exhibit$1 or suppos$ to be unit$1 9 ! same assemblage4 ,& else:]e he says3 ,laught] arises f ! view ( two or m inconsi/5t1 unsuitable1 or incongru\s p>ts or circum/ances1 consid]$ z unit$ 9 "o complex object or assemblage1 or z acquir+ a sort ( mutual relation f ! peculi> mann] 9 :i* ! m9d takes notice ( !m4 ,! latt] may arise f contiguity1 f ! relation ( cause & effect1 f unexpect$ lik5ess1 f dignity & meanness1 f absurdity1 c4 ,?us1 at fir/ view1 ! dawn ( ! morn+ & a boil$ lob/] seem utt]ly incongru\s1 b :5 a *ange ( color f black to r$ is sugge/$1 we recognise a lik5ess1 & consequ5tly a relation1 or gr\nd ( comp>ison4 ,& "h let x be obs]v$1 t ! great] ! numb] ( incongruities t are bl5d$ 9 ! same assemblage1 ! m ludicr\s x w probably be4 ,if1 z 9 ! la/ example1 !re be an opposition ( dignity & meanness1 z well z ( lik5ess & dissimilitude1 ! effect ( ! contra/ w be m p[]ful1 ?an if only "o ( ^! oppositions _h appe>$ 9 ! ludicr\s idea4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! subject seems1 inde$1 s cle> z to admit ( no objection4 ,hobbes1 view+ m p>ticul>ly ! act ( ! m9d1 def9es laught] to be a sudd5 glory1 aris+ f a sudd5 conception ( "s em95cy 9 ourselves1 by comp>ison ) ! infirmity ( o!rs1 or ) our own =m]ly4 ,& else:]e he says3 ,m5 laugh at je/s1 ! wit :]e( always consi/e? 9 ! elegant discov]+ & convey+ to our m9ds1 "s absurdity ( ano!r4#ah ,dr4 ,campbell objects t contempt may be rais$ 9 a v high degree1 bo? sudd5ly & unexpect$ly1 )\t produc+ ! lea/ t5d5cy to laugh4 ,b if !re exi/ t incongruity 9 ! same assemblage describ$ z ! fundam5tal cause ( ?is sudd5 conception ( our own sup]iority1 laught]1 z ,beattie has %[n1 w always1 or = ! mo/ "p1 excite ! risible emotion1 unless :5 ! p]ception ( x is att5d$ ) "s o!r emotion ( great] au?ority1 dep5dant on cu/om1 polit5ess1 c4 ,dr4 ,campbell also obs]ves1 t laught] may be1 & is daily1 produc$ by ! p]ception ( incongru\s associations1 :5 !re is no contempt4 ,we (t5 smile at a witty p]=mance or passage1 su* z ,butl]'s allusion to a boil$ lob/]1 9 8 picture ( ! morn+1 :5 we are s f> f conceiv+ any inf]iority or turpitude 9 ! au?or1 t we greatly admire 8 g5ius1 & wi% ourselves possess$ ( t v turn ( fancy :i* produc$ ! droll]y 9 "q4 ,_m h laugh$ at ! que]ness ( ! comp>ison 9 ^! l9es1 ',= rhyme ! rudd] is ( v]ses1 ,) :i* l %ips !y /e] _! c\rses1' :o nev] dream$ t !re 0 any p]son or p>ty1 practice or op9ion1 d]id$ 9 !m4 ,if any admir] ( ! ,hobbesian philosophy %\ld pret5d to discov] "s class ( m5 :om ! poet "h meant to ridicule1 he ought to consid]1 t if any "o ha? be5 tickl$ ) ! passage to :om ! same ?\ght nev] occurr$1 t s+le in/ance w\ld be suffici5t to subv]t ! doctr9e1 z x w\ld %[ t !re may be laught] :]e !re is no triumph or glory+ ov] anybody1 &1 consequ5tly1 no conceit ( "o's own sup]iority4 ,n[1 ! class ( m5 laugh$ at 9 bo? cases is ! same1 namely1 poets1 ^: l(ty allusions are ridicul$ by ! =m]1 & silly rhymes by ! latt]2 nor c any "o duly appreciate or be pleas$ ) ei!r1 to :om ?is int5tion ( ! writ] is n obvi\s4 ,:o ev] dream$ ( turpitude 9 ! au?or1 z ,dr4 ,campbell supposes6 ,z to ! wag1 says ,beattie1 :o amuses himself on ! fir/ ( ,april ) tell+ lies1 he mu/ be %all[1 inde$1 if he hope1 by s do+1 to acquire any sup]iority ov] ano!r man :om he kn[s to be wis] & bett] ?an himself2 =1 on ^! occasions1 ! greatness ( ! joke1 & ! l\dness ( ! laugh1 are1 if ,i rightly rememb]1 9 exact proportion to ! sagacity ( ! p]son impos$ on4--,no d\bt2 b x is because he is ?r[n into an app>5t & :imsical1 ?\gh mom5t>y inf]iority2 & ! great] 8 sagacity1 ! m amus+ does ?is appe>4 ,d we n1 says he1 sometimes laugh at =tuit\s comb9ations1 9 :i*1 z no m5tal en]gy is conc]n$ 9 produc+ !m1 !re _c be ei!r fault or turpitude8 ,c\ld n "o imag9e a set ( p jumbl$ toge!r by accid5t1 s z to pres5t a laughable gr\p to ^? :o "k _! *>act]s8--,und\bt$ly2 b !n ! sl\* ( "o1 & ! rigidity ( ! o!r1 c41 make bo? contemptible1 z to physical *>act]i/ics at lea/1 & !re is no ne$ ( turpitude 9 ei!r4 ,! /ronge/ app>5t objection1 h[ev]1 is t ( ,dr4 ,campbell1 :o says3 ,inde$1 m5's tell+ _! own blund]s1 ev5 blund]s rec5tly committ$1 & laugh+ at !m1 a ?+ n uncommon 9 v risible dispositions1 is utt]ly inexplicable ^u ,hobbes's sy/em4 ,=1 to consid] ! ?+ only ) reg>d to ! laugh] himself1 !re is to him no subject ( glory+1 t is n c\nt]balanc$ by an equal subject ( humiliation 7he be+ bo? ! p]son laugh+1 & ! p]son laugh$ at71 & ^! two subjects mu/ de/roy "o ano!r4 ,b he ov]looks ! precise t]ms employ$ by ,hobbes1 :o says3 ,! passion ( laught] is no?+ else b sudd5 glory1 aris+ f a sudd5 conception ( "s em95cy 9 ourselves1 by comp>ison ) ! infirmity ( o!rs1 or ) our own =m]ly4 ,= m5 laugh at ! follies ( !mselves pa/1 :5 !y come sudd5ly to remembrance1 except !y br+ ) !m any pres5t di%onor4 ,x is n !re=e true1 z ,dr4 ,campbell says1 t ) reg>d to o!rs1 he appe>s solely "u ! notion ( inf]iority1 z ! p]son triumph$ ov]4 ,he1 on ! contr>y1 appe>s z a*iev+ a v glori\s triumph1 t1 namely1 ov] 8 own errors4 ,?is %[s also ! error ( ,addison's rem>ks1 t accord+ to ?is acc\nt1 :5 we he> a man laugh excessively1 in/ead ( say+ t he is v m]ry1 we ought to tell him t he is v pr\d4--,a man may contemn ! errors bo? ( himself & o!rs1 )\t pride3 &1 inde$1 9 contemn+ ! =m]1 he proves himself to be f> above t s5tim5t1 & v]ifies ,dr4 ,campbell's rem>k t no two *>act]s m r>ely meet 9 ! same p]son1 ?an t ( a v risible man1 & a v self-conceit$ sup]cili\s man4 ,x is curi\s to see a great man1 l ,hobbes1 ?us attack$ by less ones1 :o d n ev5 und]/& him4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,,cause ,,( ,,! ,,pleasure ,,receiv$ ,,f ,,repres5tations ,,excit+ ,,pity4 ,_m hypo!ses h be5 propos$ to expla9 ?is cause4 ,accord+ to ! ,abb ,du ,bos1#ai 9 ord] to get rid ( li/lessness1 ! m9d seeks = emotions2 & ! /rong] ^! are ! bett]4 ,h5ce1 ! passions :i* 9 !mselves are ! mo/ di/ress+1 are1 = ?is purpose1 pref]able to ! pleasant1 because !y mo/ effectually relieve ! m9d f ! less endurable languor :i* preys ^u x dur+ inaction4 ,! sophi/ry ( ?is explanation is evid5t4 ,pleasant passions1 z ,dr4 ,campbell has %[n1 ought 9 e respect to h ! advantage1 because1 :ile !y pres]ve ! m9d f ?is /ate ( inaction1 !y convey a feel+ :i* is agreeable4 ,nor is x true t ! /rong] ! emotion is1 s mu* ! fitt] = ?is purpose2 = if we exce$ a c]ta9 measure1 in/ead ( a sympa!tic & delightful sorr[1 we excite only horror & av]sion4 ,! mo/1 !re=e1 t c be conclud$ f ! ,abb's premises1 is1 t x is useful to excite passion ( "s k9d or o!r1 b n t ! di/ress+ ones are ! fitte/4 ,accord+ to ,font5elle1#bj !atrical repres5tation has almo/ ! effect ( reality3 b yet n altoge!r4 ,we h /ill a c]ta9 idea ( falsehood 9 ! :ole ( :at we see4 ,we weep = ! mis=tunes ( a h]o to :om we are atta*$4 ,9 ! same in/ant1 we com=t ourselves by reflect+1 t x is no?+ b a fiction4 ,! %ort answ] to ?is is1 t we are consci\s ( no su* alt]nation z t "h describ$4 ,accord+ to ,david ,hume1 ^: hypo!sis is a k9d ( supplem5t to ! =m] two1 t :i* :5 ! sorr[ is n s(t5$ by fiction1 raises a pleasure f ! bosom ( uneas9ess1 a pleasure :i* /ill reta9s all ! features & outw>d symptoms ( di/ress & sorr[1 is t v eloqu5ce ) :i* ! melan*oly sc5e is repres5t$4 ,9 reply1 ,dr4 ,campbell has %[n t ! aggravat+ ( all ! circum/ances ( mis]y 9 ! repres5tation1 _c make x be contemplat$ ) pleasure1 b mu/ be ! mo/ effectual me?od = mak+ x give great] pa92 t ! detection ( ! speak]'s tal5ts & address1 :i* ,hume's hypo!sis implies1 is 9 direct opposition to ! fundam5tal maxim1 t x is ess5tial to ! art to conceal ! art2 & t ! supposition t !re are two di/9ct effects produc$ by ! eloqu5ce on ! he>]s1 "o ! s5tim5t ( beauty1 or ( ! h>mony ( oratorical numb]s1 ! o!r ! passion :i* ! speak] purposes to raise 9 _! m9ds1 & t :5 ! fir/ pr$om9ates1 ! mixture ( ! two effects becomes exce$+ly pleasant1 & ! rev]se :5 ! second is sup]ior1 is altoge!r imag9>y4 ,accord+ to ,hawkeswor?1#ba ! compassion 9 "q may be resolv$ into t p[] ( imag9ation1 by :i* we apply ! mis=tunes ( o!rs to ourselves2 & we are said to pity no long] ?an we fancy ourselves to suff]1 & to be pleas$ only by reflect+ t our suff]+s are n real2 ?us indulg+ a dream ( di/ress1 f :i* we c awake :5ev] we please1 to exult 9 our security1 & enjoy ! comp>ison ( ! fiction ) ! tru?4 ,?is hypo!sis is evid5tly too gross to ne$ reply4 ,dr4 ,campbell has answ]$ ! prec$+ hypo!ses at great l5g?1 & q satisfactorily4 ,i regret to say t 8 own is z wor?less1 z well z rem>kably confus$ & un9telligible4 ,to ,burke1 :o wrote at a lat] p]iod1 x falls to my lot to reply at great] l5g?4 ,to exam9e ?is po9t conc]n+ ! effect ( trag$y 9 a prop] mann]1 says t writ]1 we mu/ previ\sly consid] h[ we are affect$ by ! feel+s ( our fell[-creatures 9 circum/ances ( real di/ress4 ,i am conv9c$ we h a degree ( delight1 & t no small "o1 9 ! real mis=tunes & pa9s ( o!rs2 =1 let ! affection be :at x w 9 appe>ance1 if x does n make u %un su* objects1 if on ! contr>y x induces u to approa* !m1 if x makes u dwell ^u !m1 9 ?is case ,i conceive we mu/ h a delight or pleasure ( "s species or o!r 9 contemplat+ objects ( ?is k9d4444 ,our delight 9 cases ( ?is k9d is v greatly height5$1 if ! suff]] be "s excell5t p]son :o s9ks "u an unwor?y =tune4444 ,! delight we h 9 su* ?+s h9d]s u f %unn+ sc5es ( mis]y2 & ! pa9s we feel1 prompt u to relieve ourselves1 9 reliev+ ^? :o suff]4444 ,9 imitat$ di/ress1 ! only diff]5ce is ! pleasure result+ f ! effects ( imitation4 ,a m mon/r\s doctr9e ?an ?is 0 nev] p]haps enunciat$4 ,a v little analysis w expose its fallacy4 ,9 relation to ev5ts ( ?is k9d1 !re are ?ree v di/9ct cases--real occurr5ce1 subsequ5t inspection or hi/orical n>ration1 & dramatic repres5tation2 9 ea*1 ! affection ( ! m9d is v diff]5t2 & ne>ly all ! errors on ?is subject seem to h occurr$ f conf\nd+ !m4 ,burke has done ?is 9 ! greate/ degree4 ,! real occurr5ce ( unm]it$ suff]+ is beheld ) no delight1 b ) unmix$ pa91 by e well-con/itut$ m9d4 ,hume1#bb !re=e1 ju/ly obs]ves1 t ! same object ( di/ress1 :i* pleases 9 a trag$y1 7 x really set be=e u1 w\ld give ! mo/ unfeign$ uneas9ess4 ,x is only by conf\nd+ ?is ) ! next case1 ( subsequ5t inspection or hi/orical n>ration1 t ,burke gets into error "h4 ,we d n1 says ,burke1 suffici5tly di/+ui% :at we w\ld by no means *oose to d or to see done--he %\ld h add$ f :at we %\ld be eag] en\gh to see if x 0 once done4 ,we delight 9 see+ ?+s aft] !y are done--he %\ld h add$1 :i*1 s f> f do+1 our he>tie/ wi%es w\ld be to see r$ress$4 ,t ! additions ,i h made1 m truly /ate ! case1 seems z evid5t1 z x is1 t !y af=d a v diff]5t conclusion f ,burke's1 ( our behold+ unm]it$ suff]+ ) delight4 ,b he himself proves ?is by ! v in/ance :i* he gives 9 illu/ration ( 8 doctr9e4 ,?is noble capital1 he says1 ! pride ( ,engl& & ( ,europe1 ,i believe no man is s /rangely wick$ z to desire to see de/roy$ by a conflagration or an e>?quake1 ?\gh he %\ld be remov$ himself to ! greate/ di/ance f ! dang]4 ,b suppose su* a fatal accid5t to h happ5$1 :at numb]s f all p>ts w\ld cr[d to behold ! ru9s1 & among !m _m :o w\ld h be5 cont5t nev] to h se5 ,london 9 its glory6 ,"h ! words :i* ,i h put 9 italics cle>ly %[ t ,i 0 "r 9 ! additions ,i sugge/$ 9 8 previ\s /atem5t1 & t he !re conf\nd$ delight 9 see+ ! infliction ( unm]it$ suff]+1 ) delight 9 see+ x aft] infliction1 or ( see+ x hi/orically n>rat$2 =1 9 ?is 8 illu/ration1 x is ! latt]1 & n ! =m]1 t he supposes--nay he n[ says no man is s /rangely wick$ z to desire to see de/roy$6 c4 ,inde$1 x is q pla9 t1 suppos+ an attempt made to de/roy ,london1 s f> w\ld e "o be f be+ delight$ to see x done1 t he w\ld eag]ly prev5t x4 ,!re is "h1 !re=e1 on ! "p ( ?is writ]1 only 8 common & *>act]i/ic confusion ( ideas4 ,*oose a day1 he says1 on :i* to repres5t ! mo/ sublime & affect+ trag$y we h2 appo9t ! mo/ favorite actors2 sp>e no co/ ^u ! sc5es & decorations2 unite ! greate/ ef=ts ( poetry1 pa9t+1 & music2 & :5 y h collect$ y\r audi5ce1 j at ! mom5t :5 _! m9ds are erect ) expectation1 let x be report$ t a /ate-crim9al1 ( high rank1 is on ! po9t ( be+ execut$ 9 ! adjo9+ squ>e2 9 a mom5t ! empt9ess ( ! !atre w\ld demon/rate ! comp>ative weakness ( ! imitative arts1 & proclaim ! triumph ( ! real sympa?y4 ,?is pres5ts only ano!r in/ance ( want ( discrim9ation4 ,if ! /ate-crim9al1 ( high rank1 7 n a real crim9al--if he 7 an unm]it$ suff]]1 ! place ( execution1 suppos+ 8 rescue impossible1 w\ld assur$ly be fl$ f by e p]son ( feel+ & honor2 z we read ( 9 ! public pap]s1 lately1 :5 a murd] ( t k9d 0 p]petrat+ by "s "o ( ! base little jailor-pr9ces ( ,g]many4 ,& we "k t1 9 ! case ( legal p]petrations ( t k9d 9 ,engl&1 ev5 ^u real crim9als1 none b ! mo/ degrad$ wret*es g to witness su* sc5es4 ,9 tragic repres5tation1 !n1 we "k t ! suff]+ is n real1 else %\ld we fly4 ,!re h1 inde$1 9 su* cases1 be5 in/ances ( a sort ( mom5t>y deception1 b x is only *ildr51 & v simple p1 utt] /rang]s to !atrical amusem5ts1 :o are apt to be s deceiv$2 & z _! case always excites ! surprise & laught] ( e "o1 x cle>ly proves t o!rs are "u no sort ( deception4 ,ev5 ,burke1 not)/&+ 8 want ( discrim9ation1 & 8 mon/r\s hypo!sis1 says3 ,imitat$ di/ress is nev] s p]fect1 b we c p]ceive x is imitation1 & on t pr9ciple are some:at pleas$ ) x4 ,& 8 case ( des]tion ( ! !atre1 if x occur "u any circum/ances1 illu/rates ?is4 ,burke adds1 inde$3 ,b !n ,i imag9e we %all be mu* mi/ak5 if we attribute any consid]able "p ( our satisfaction 9 trag$y to ! consid]ation t trag$y is a deceit1 & its repres5tations no realities4 ,we seek no satisfaction ( ! k9d3 we "k x to be a deceit ?r\gh\t6 ,! ne>] x approa*es ! reality1 & ! f>!r x removes u f all idea ( fiction1 ! m p]fect is its p[]4 ,! ne>e/ possible approa* to reality1 is only necess>y to ! success ( fiction1 to ! pleasure ( imag9ation4 ,he himself has said3 ,imitat$ di/ress is nev] s p]fect1 b we c p]ceive x is imitation6 ,aga91 !re=e1 "h is only ,burke's *>act]i/ic confusion ( ideas4 ,my own doctr9e on ?is subject is already obvi\s f ! rem>ks made on o!rs4 ,we nev] cease to "k t tragic repres5tation is a m]e deception2 our reason is nev] impos$ ^u2 our imag9ation is alone engag$2 we are p]fectly consci\s t x is s2 & we h all ! s5sibility1 f9e feel+1 & g5]osity ( pity1 z well z ! satisfaction ( be+ !reby rais$ wond]fully 9 our own e/eem1 at ! small co/ ( ?ree %ill+s6 ,x is n a little curi\s1 t ?is %\ld n h be5 evid5t to ^? :o h writt5 s mu* ab\t x4 ,dr4 ,campbell1 alone1 has approa*$ x4 ,s great1 he says1 is ! anomaly :i* sometimes displays itself 9 human *>act]s1 t x is n impossible to f9d p]sons :o are quickly made to cry at see+ a trag$y1 or read+ a romance1 :i* !y "k to be fictions1 & yet are bo? inatt5tive & unfeel+ 9 respect ( ! actual objects ( compassion :o live 9 _! neighborhood1 & are daily "u _! eye4444 ,m5 may be ( a selfi%1 contract$1 & ev5 av>ici\s disposition1 :o are n :at we %\ld d5om9ate h>d-he>t$1 or unsusceptible ( sympa!tic feel+4 ,su* w gladly enjoy ! luxury ( pity 7z ,hawkeswor? t]ms x7 :5 x n[ise int]f]es ) _! m p[]ful passions2 t is1 :5 x comes unaccompani$ ) a dem& ^u _! pockets4--,?is %\ld h l$ him to ! simple tru?1 & %\ld h prev5t$ 8 fram+ ! mo/ confus$1 un9telligible1 & wor?less hypo!sis ^u ?is subject4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,anatomical ,,& ,,physiological ,,pr9ciples4 ,to any inquiry respect+ ! beauty ( woman1 ! replies are1 9 g5]al1 v>i\s1 inconsi/5t1 or contradictory4 ,! ass]tion might1 !re=e1 appe> to be true1 t1 ev5 "u ! same climate1 beauty is n always ! same4 ,our vague p]ceptions1 h[ev]1 & our vague expressions respect+ beauty1 w be f\nd to be1 9 a great measure1 ow+ to ! inaccuracy ( our mode ( exam9+ x1 &1 9 "s measure1 to ! imp]fect nom5clature :i* we possess = describ+ x4 ,beauty1 & ev5 true ta/e1 respect+ x1 are always ! same2 b1 9 ! fir/ place1 we obs]ve beauty p>tially & imp]fectly2 & 9 ! second place1 our actual pref]5ces are dep5dant on our p>ticul> wants1 & w be f\nd to diff] only because ^! wants diff] 9 e individual1 & ev5 9 ! same individual at diff]5t p]iods ( life4 ,! laws regulat+ beauty 9 woman1 & ta/e respect+ x 9 man1 h n be5 attempt$ to be expla9$1 except 9 ! wor?less "w allud$ to 9 ! adv]tisem5t4 ,yet no?+ p]haps is m univ]sally int]e/+4 ,z1 9 ?is view1 ! k9ds ( beauty dem& ! fir/ & *ief att5tion1 ! foll[+ illu/rations are necess>y3-- ,we obs]ve a woman possess+ "o species ( beauty3--,h] face is g5]ally oblong2 h] neck is r long & tap]+3 h] %\ld]s1 )\t be+ angul>1 are suffici5tly broad & def9ite2 h] bosom is ( mod]ate dim5sions2 h] wai/1 rem>kable = f9e proportion1 resembles 9 "s respects an inv]t$ cone2 h] haun*es are mod]ately exp&$2 h] ?ighs1 proportional2 h] arms1 z well z h] limbs1 are r long & tap]+2 h] h&s & feet are mod]ately small2 h] complexion is (t5 r d>k2 & h] hair is frequ5tly abundant1 d>k1 & /rong4--,! :ole figure is precise1 /rik+1 & brilliant4 ,yet1 has %e few or none ( ! qualities ( ! succe$+ species4 ,we obs]ve1 next1 ano!r species ( beauty3--,h] face is g5]ally r\nd2 h] eyes are g5]ally ( ! s(te/ azure2 h] neck is (t5 r %ort2 h] %\ld]s are s(tly r\nd$1 & owe any bread? !y may possess r to ! exp&$ *e/1 ?an to ! size ( ! %\ld]s !mselves2 h] bosom1 9 its luxuriance1 seems lat]ally to protrude on ! space occupi$ by ! arms2 h] wai/1 ?\gh suffici5tly m>k$1 is1 z x 71 encroa*$ on by ! enbonpo9t ( all ! contigu\s p>ts2 h] haun*es are greatly exp&$2 h] ?ighs are l>ge 9 proportion2 b h] limbs & arms1 tap]+ & becom+ delicate1 t]m9ate 9 feet & h&s :i*1 comp>$ ) ! ample trunk1 are peculi>ly small2 h] complexion has ! rose & lily s exquisitely bl5d$1 t we are surpris$ x %\ld defy ! usual op]ation ( ! elem5ts2 & %e boa/s a luxuriant pr(usion ( s(t & f9e flax5 or auburn hair4--,! :ole figure is s(t & voluptu\s 9 ! extreme4 ,yet has %e n ! almo/ measur$ proportions & ! brilliant air ( ! prec$+ species2 nor has %e ! qualities ( ! succe$+ "o4 ,we obs]ve1 !n1 a beauty ( a ?ird species3--,h] face is g5]ally oval2 h] high & pale =ehead ann\nces ! intellectuality ( h] "*2 h] int5sely expressive eye is full ( s5sibility2 9 h] l[] features1 mode/y & dignity are (t5 unit$2 %e has n ! exp&$ bosom1 ! g5]al embonpo9t1 or ! beautiful complexion1 ( ! second species2 & %e boa/s easy & graceful motion1 r ?an ! elegant proportion ( ! fir/4--,! :ole figure is *>act]iz$ by intellectuality & grace4 ,su* are ! ?ree species ( beauty ( :i* all ! re/ are v>ieties4 ,n[1 z x is 9 g5]al "o only ( ^! species :i* *>act]izes any "o woman1 & z ea* ( ^! species is suit$ to ! wants (1 & is consequ5tly agreeable to1 a diff]5t individual1 x is obvi\s :y ! common vague reports ( ! beauty ( any woman are always s v>i\s1 inconsi/5t1 or contradictory4 ,9 ! m accurate /udy ( ?is subject1 x is indisp5sable t ! read] %\ld und]/& ! sci5tific pr9ciples on :i* ! prec$+ brief analysis ( female beauty1 z r$ucible to ?ree species1 is f\nd$4 ,to atta9 ?is k1 & to acquire facility 9 ! art ( di/+ui%+ & judg+ ( beauty 9 woman1 a little g5]al k ( anatomy is absolutely ess5tial4 ,! writ] begs1 !re=e1 att5tion to ! foll[+ sket*4 ,x may n at fir/ seem int]e/+ to ! g5]al read]2 b x is ! sole basis ( a sci5tific k ( female beauty2 ! /udy ( x dur+ "o h\r is suffici5t to appreh5d x 9 all its be>+s2 & x w obviate e future difficulty4 ,9 view+ ! human organs 9 a g5]al mann]1 a class ( ^! organs at once obtrudes itself ^u our notice1 f its consi/+ ( an app>atus ( lev]s1 f its p]=m+ motion f place to place or locomotion1 & f ^! motions be+ ( ! mo/ obvi\s k9d4--,a little m obs]vation pres5ts to u ano!r class1 :i* is di/+ui%$ f ! prec$+ by its consi/+ ( cyl9drical tubes1 by its transmitt+ & transmut+ liquids1 p]=m+ vascul> action or nutrition1 & by its motions be+ b>ely app>5t4--,f>!r inve/igation discov]s a ?ird1 :i* diff]s ess5tially f bo? ^!1 9 its consi/+ ( n]v\s p>ticles1 9 its transmitt+ impressions f ext]nal objects1 p]=m+ n]v\s action or ?\ght1 & 9 t action be+ altoge!r invisible4 ,?us1 ea* ( ^! classes ( organs is di/+ui%$ f ano!r by ! /ructure ( its p>ts1 by ! purposes :i* x s]ves1 & by ! great] or less obvi\sness ( its motions4 ,! fir/ consi/s ( lev]s2 ! second1 ( cyl9drical tubes2 & ! ?ird1 ( n]v\s p>ticles4 ,! fir/ p]=ms motion f place to place or locomotion2 ! second transmits & transmutes liquids1 p]=m+ vascul> action or nutrition2 & ! ?ird transmits impressions f ext]nal objects1 p]=m+ n]v\s action or ?\ght4 ,! motion ( ! fir/ is extremely obvi\s2 t ( ! second is b>ely app>5t2 & t ( ! ?ird is altoge!r invisible4 ,n "o ( !m c be conf\nd$ ) ano!r3 =1 consid]+ _! purposes only1 x is evid5t t t :i* p]=ms locomotion1 nei!r transmits liquids nor s5sations2 t :i* transmits liquids1 nei!r p]=ms locomotion nor is ! means ( s5sibility2 & t :i* is ! means ( s5sibility1 nei!r p]=ms locomotion nor transmits liquids4 ,n[1 ! organs employ$ 9 locomotion are ! bones1 ligam5ts1 & muscles2 ^? employ$ 9 transmitt+ liquids or 9 nutrition1 are ! absorb5t1 circulat+1 & secret+ vessels2 & ^? employ$ ab\t s5sations or 9 ?\ght1 are ! organs ( s5se1 c]ebrum1 & c]ebel1 ) ! n]ves :i* connect !m4 ,! fir/ class ( organs may1 !re=e1 be t]m$ locomotive1 or 7f _! v obvi\s action7 me*anical2 ! second1 vascul> or nutritive1 or 7z ev5 vegetables1 f _! possess+ vessels1 h life7 !y may be t]m$ vital2 & ! ?ird may be nam$ n]v\s or ?9k+1 or 7z m9d results f !m7 m5tal4 ,! human body1 !n1 consi/s ( organs ( ?ree k9ds4 ,by ! fir/ k9d1 locomotive or me*anical action is effect$2 by ! second1 nutritive or vital action is ma9ta9$2 & by ! ?ird1 ?9k+ or m5tal action is p]mitt$4 ,anatomy is1 !re=e1 divid$ into ?ree p>ts1 namely1 t :i* consid]s ! me*anical or locomotive organs2 t :i* consid]s ! nutritive or vital organs2 & t :i* consid]s ! ?9k+ or m5tal organs4 ,"u ! me*anical or locomotive organs are class$1 fir/1 ! bones or organs ( support2 second1 ! ligam5ts or organs ( articulation2 & ?ird1 ! muscles or organs ( motion4 ,"u ! nutritive or vital organs are class$1 fir/1 ! absorb5t vessels or organs ( absorption2 second1 ! bloodvessels1 :i* d]ive _! cont5ts f ! absorb$ lymph1 or organs ( circulation2 & ?ird1 ! secret+ vessels1 :i* sep>ate v>i\s matt]s f ! blood1 or organs ( secretion4#bc ,"u ! ?9k+ or m5tal organs are class$1 fir/1 ! organs ( s5se1 :]e impressions take place2 second1 ! c]ebrum or organ ( ?\ght1 prop]ly s call$1 :]e ^! excite ideas1 emotions1 & passions2 & ?ird1 ! c]ebel or organ ( volition1 :]e acts ( ! w result f ! la/4#bd ,we may n[ m p>ticul>ly notice ! functions ( ^! organs1 :i* are ! subject ( physiology4 ,9 ! locomotive functions1 ! bones at once give support1 & =m lev]s = motion2 ! ligam5ts =m articulations1 & af=d ! po9ts ( support2 & ! muscles are ! mov+ p[]s4 ,to ! fir/1 are ow+ all ! symmetry & elegance ( human =m2 to ! second1 its beautiful flexibility2 & to ! ?ird1 all ! brilliance & grace ( motion :i* fancy c inspire1 or skill c execute4 ,9 ! nutritive functions1 ! food1 hav+ pass$ into ! m\?1 is1 aft] ma/ication1 aid$ by mixture ) ! saliva1 ?r[n back1 by ! tongue & contigu\s p>ts1 into ! cavity beh9d1 call$ fauces & ph>ynx2 ?is contract+1 presses x into ! oesophagus or gullet2 ?is also contract+1 propels x into ! /oma*1 :i*1 aft] its due dige/ion aid$ by ! ga/ric juice1 simil>ly contract+1 transmits :atev] portion ( x1 n[ call$ *yme1 is suffici5tly comm9ut$ to pass ?r\gh its l[] op5+1 ! pylorus1 into ! inte/9es2 ^!1 at ! comm5cem5t ( :i* x receives ! bile & pancreatic juice1 simil>ly press+ x on all sides1 urge =w>d its mo/ solid "p to ! anus2 :ile its liquid portion p>tly escapes f ! pressure into ! m\?s ( ! absorb5ts4 ,! absorb5ts aris+ by m9ute op5+s f all ! int]nal surfaces1 & cont9u+ a simil> contractile motion1 transmit x1 n[ call$ *yle1 by all _! gradually-enl>g+ bran*es1 & ?r\gh _! g5]al trunk1 ! ?oracic duct1 :]e x is bl5d$ ) ! lymph br\ght f o!r p>ts1 into ! great ve9s contigu\s to ! he>t1 :]e x is mix$ ) ! v5\s or return+ & d>k-color$ blood1 & :5ce x fl[s into ! ant]ior side ( t organ4 ,! ant]ior side ( ! he>t1 =cibly repeat+ ?is contraction1 propels x1 commix$ ) ! v5\s blood1 into ! lungs1 :i* p]=m ! (fice ( respiration1 & 9 "s measure ( sanguification2 !re1 giv+ (f c>bonace\s matt]1 & assum+ a v]milion hue & new vivify+ prop]ties1 x fl[s back z art]ial blood1 into ! po/]ior side ( ! he>t4 ,! po/]ior side ( ! he>t1 /ill simil>ly contract+1 dis*>ges x into ! art]ies2 ^!1 ma9ta9+ a l contraction1 c>ry x ov] all ! sy/em2 & a great portion ( x1 impregnat$ ) c>bon1 & ( a d>k color1 returns ?r\gh ! ve9s 9 ord] to und]go ! same c\rse4 ,mu*1 h[ev]1 ( its gelat9\s & fibr\s p>ts is reta9$ 9 ! cells ( ! p>5*yma1 or cellul>1 vascul>1 & n]v\s sub/ance =m+ ! basis ( ! :ole fabric1 & con/itutes nutrition1 prop]ly s call$2 :ile o!r portions ( x become entangl$ 9 ! peculi>ly-=m$ labyr9?s ( ! gl&s1 & =m secretion & excretion--! products ( ! =m] contribut+ to ! ex]cise ( o!r functions1 & ^? ( ! latt] be+ reject$4 ,z dige/ion prec$es ! fir/1 s g5]ation foll[s ! la/ ( ^! functions1 & n only cont9ues ! same species ( action1 b propagates x widely to new exi/5ces 9 ! mann] j describ$4 ,9 ! ?9k+ functions1 ! organs ( s5se receive ext]nal impressions1 :i* excite 9 !m s5sations2 ! c]ebrum1 hav+ ^! transmitt$ to x1 p]=ms ! m complicat$ functions ( m5tal op]ation1 :5ce result ideas1 emotions1 & passions2 & ! c]ebel1 be+ simil>ly influ5c$1 p]=ms ! function ( volition1 or causes ! acts ( ! w4 ,x is n unusual to consid] ! body z be+ divid$ into ! head1 ! trunk1 & ! extremities2 b1 9 consequ5ce ( ! hi!rto univ]sal neglect ( ! natural arrangem5t ( ! organs & functions into locomotive1 nutritive1 & ?9k+1 ! beauty & int]e/ :i* may be atta*$ to ?is division1 h equally escap$ ! notice ( anatomi/s4 ,x is a curi\s fact1 & /rongly confirmative ( ! prec$+ arrangem5ts1 t "o ( ^! p>ts1 ! extremities1 consi/s almo/ entirely ( locomotive organs1 namely1 ( bones1 ligam5ts1 & muscles2 t ano!r1 ! trunk1 consi/s ( all ! great] nutritive organs1 namely1 absorb5ts1 bloodvessels1 & gl&s2 & t ! ?ird1 ! head1 conta9s all ! ?9k+ organs1 namely1 ! organs ( s5se1 c]ebrum1 & c]ebel4#be ,x is a fact n less curi\s1 nor less confirmative ( ! prec$+ arrangem5ts1 t1 ( ^! p>ts1 ^? :i* consi/ *iefly ( locomotive or me*anical organs--organs :i*1 z to m]e /ructure1 & consid]$ ap>t f ! influ5ce ( ! n]v\s sy/em ov] !m1 are common to u ) ! l[e/ class ( be+s1 namely1 m9]als#bf--;are plac$ 9 ! l[e/ situation1 namely1 ! extremities2 t :i* consi/s *iefly ( nutritive or vital organs--organs common to u ) a high] class ( be+s1 namely1 vegetables#bg--;is plac$ 9 a high] situation1 namely1 ! trunk2 & t :i* consi/s *iefly ( ?9k+ or m5tal organs--organs peculi> to ! highe/ class ( be+s1 namely1 animals#bh--;is plac$ 9 ! highe/ situation1 namely1 ! head4 ,x is n less rem>kable1 t ?is analogy is support$ ev5 9 its m9ute/ details2 =1 to *oose ! nutritive organs conta9$ 9 ! trunk z an illu/ration1 x is a fact1 t ^? ( absorption & secretion1 :i* are mo/ common to u ) plants1 a l[] class ( be+s1 h a l[] situation--9 ! cavity ( ! abdom52 :ile ^? ( circulation1 :i* are v imp]fect 9 plants1#bi & m peculi> to animals1 a high] class ( be+s1 hold a high] situation--9 ! cavity ( ! ?orax4 ,x is1 moreov]1 wor?y ( rem>k1 & /ill illu/rative ( ! prec$+ arrangem5ts1 t1 9 ea* ( ^! ?ree situations1 ! bones diff] bo? 91 position & 9 =m4 ,9 ! extremities1 !y are situat$ int]nally to ! s(t p>ts1 & are g5]ally ( cyl9drical =m2 9 ! trunk1 !y beg9 to assume a m ext]nal situation & a flatt] =m1 because !y protect nutritive & m important p>ts1 :i* !y d n1 h[ev]1 altoge!r cov]2 &1 9 ! head1 !y obta9 ! mo/ ext]nal situation & ! flatte/ =m1 especially 9 its highe/ "p1 because !y protect ?9k+ & mo/ important organs1 :i*1 9 "s p>ts1 !y completely inve/4 ,! loss ( su* g5]al views is ! consequ5ce ( arbitr>y me?ods4#cj ,we may n[ apply ^! anatomical & physiological views to ! art ( di/+ui%+ & judg+ ( beauty 9 woman4 ,x is evid5tly ! locomotive or me*anical sy/em :i* is highly develop$ 9 ! beauty ^: figure is precise1 /rik+1 & brilliant4 ,x is evid5tly ! nutritive or vital sy/em :i* is highly develop$ 9 ! beauty ^: figure is s(t & voluptu\s4 ,x is n less evid5tly ! ?9k+ or m5tal sy/em :i* is highly develop$ 9 ! beauty ^: figure is *>act]iz$ by intellectuality & grace4 ,?us c anatomical pr9ciples alone at once illu/rate & e/abli% ! accuracy ( ! ?ree species ( beauty :i* ,i h analytically describ$4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,( ,,! ,,ages ,,( ,,woman ,,9 ,,relation ,,to ,,beauty4 ,! v>iations ( ! organization ( woman d n di/9ctly m>k ! seasons ( life4 ,_m connect$ ph5om5a glide on imp]ceptibly2 & we c di/+ui% ! /rong *>act]s ( diff]5t & di/9ct ages1 only at p]iods remote f ea* o!r4 ,al?\gh1 !re=e1 woman is p]petually *ang+1 x requires "s c>e to discrim9ate ! pr9cipal epo*s ( h] life4 ,! fir/ age ( woman ext5ds f bir? to ! p]iod ( pub]ty4 ,9 beg9n+ ! c>e] ( life1 woman is n yet truly woman2 ! *>act]s ( h] sex are n yet decid$2 %e is an equivocal be+1 :o does n diff] f ! male ( ! same age ev5 by ! delicacy ( ! organs2 & we obs]ve betwe5 !m a p]fect id5tity ( wants1 functions1 & movem5ts4 ,_! exi/5ce is1 !n1 purely individual2 we p]ceive none ( ! relations :i* aft]w>d e/abli% betwe5 !m a mutual dep5dance2 ea* lives only = self4 ,?is con=mity & indep5d5ce ( ! sexes are ! m rem>kable1 ! e>li] ! age & ! less advanc$ ! developm5t4 ,conf9+ our view to woman alone1 x is n only 9 dim5sions t1 at ?is age1 h] p]son diff]s f t 9 :i* ! gr[? is t]m9at$3 x pres5ts ano!r model4 ,! v>i\s p>ts h n1 9 relation to ea* o!r1 ! same proportions4 ,! head is mu* m volum9\s2 & ?is is n a result ( ! ext5t ( ! face1 = t is small & contract$1 because ! app>atus ( smell & ( ma/ication are n yet develop$4 ,nor is ! head only m volum9\s2 x is also m active1 & =ms a c5tre t[>d :i* is direct$ all ! ef=t ( life4 ,! sp9e ( ! back has n ei!r ! m9ut] prom95ces or ! g5]al inflexions :i* favor ! action ( ! ext5sor muscles1 a circum/ance :i* is oppos$ to /&+ p]p5dicul>ly dur+ ! fir/ mon?s4 ,! infant consequ5tly c only crawl l a quadrup$4 ,little di/9ction c !n be drawn1 & t ) difficulty1 f ! comp>ative wid? ( ! haun*es1 & magnitude ( ! pelvis4 ,t "p is sc>cely m develop$ 9 ! female ?an 9 ! male2 its g5]al =m is ! same2 & its diff]5t diamet]s h simil> relations to ea* o!r4 ,! l5g? ( ! trunk is great 9 proportion to ! limbs1 :i* are slightly & imp]fectly develop$4 ,ow+ to ! great l5g? ( ! *e/1 & ! imp]fection ( ! inf]ior memb]s1 ! middle ( ! body !n corresponds to ! region ( ! umbilicus4 ,an infant hav+ o!r proportions1 w\ld appe> to be depriv$ ( ! *>act]s ( its age4 ,9 ! locomotive sy/em1 ! muscles h n yet act$ ) suffici5t p[] & frequ5cy to modify ! direction ( ! bones1 & to be/[ a peculi> "* ^u _! comb9ation 9 ! skeleton4 ,! fle%y & o!r s(t p>ts d n yet appe> to diff] f ^? ( ! male1 ei!r z to =m or z to relative volume4 ,! vital functions ( dige/ion1 ( circulation & respiration1 ( nutrition1 secretion1 & excretion1 are p]=m$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,! want ( n\ri%m5t is unceas+ly r5ew$1 & ! movem5ts ( ! pulse1 & ( inspiration & expiration1 are rapidly p]=m$1 ow+ to ! extreme irritability ( all ! organs4 ,! m5tal functions pres5t ! same resemblance2 ! ideas1 ! appetites1 ! passions1 h ! greate/ analogy2 & simil> moral dispositions prevail4 ,little girls1 x has be5 obs]v$1 h 9 "s measure ! petulance ( little boys1 & ^! h 9 "s measure ! mobility & ! incon/ancy ( little girls4 ,ow+ to ! pelvis n be+ yet develop$1 little girls walk ne>ly l *ildr5 ( ! o!r sex4 ,^! po9ts ( resemblance d n cont9ue dur+ a long p]iod3 ! female beg9s to acquire a di/9ct physiognomy1 & traits :i* are peculi> to h]1 long be=e we c disc]n any ( ! symptoms ( pub]ty2 & al?\gh ! especial m>ks :i* di/+ui% h] sex d n yet %[ !mselves1 ! g5]al =ms :i* *>act]ize x may be p]ceiv$4 ,^! diff]5ces1 h[ev]1 are only slight modifications1 m easily felt ?an det]m9$4 ,! c>tilag9\s extremities ( ! bones appe> to enl>ge2 & ! muc\s sub/ance1 :i* ultimately gives ! s(t reliefs :i* di/+ui% woman1 is n yet secret$4 ,%e is n[ p]haps m easily di/+ui%$ by ! nature ( h] incl9ations & ! g5]al "* ( h] m9d3 :ile man n[ seeks to make use ( 8 /r5g?1 woman endeavors to acquire agreeable arts4 ,! movem5ts1 ! gait1 ( ! little girl beg9 to *ange4 ,^! %ades are s mu* ! m s5sible z ! developm5t is m advanc$4 ,/ill1 woman1 9 advanc+ t[>d pub]ty1 appe>s to remove less ?an man f h] primitive con/itution2 %e always pres]ves some?+ ( ! "* prop] to *ildr52 & ! texture ( h] organs nev] loses all its orig9al s(tness4 ,at ! ne> approa* to pub]ty1 woman becomes daily m p]fect4 ,we obs]ve a pr$om9ance ( ! action ( ! lungs & ! art]ies2 ! pelvis enl>ges2 ! haun*es are r\nd$2 & ! figure acquires elegance4 ,!re is 9 p>ticul> a rem>kable increase ( ! capacity ( ! pelvis1 ( :i* ! circumf]5ce at la/ pres5ts ! circul> =m2 x be+ no long]1 z 9 ! little girl & 9 man1 ! ant]opo/]ior diamet] :i* is ! greate/1 b ! transv]se "o4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ t ! same occurs 9 ! females ( ! great] quadrup$s4 ,! pelvis1 h[ev]1 does n acquire1 till ! mom5t ( p]fect pub]ty1 its prop] =m & dim5sions4 ,! *anges :i* ! same cause produces at ! surface1 are a g5]al developm5t ( ! cellul> tissue1 ! delicacy ( all ! outl9es1 ! f95ess & ! animation ( ! sk91 & ! new /ate ( ! bosom4 ,! fire ( ! eyes1 & ! altoge!r new expression ( ! physiognomy1 %[ t !re n[ also exi/s ! s5sation ( a new want1 :i* v>i\s circum/ances may = a "t enfeeble or sil5ce1 b c nev] entirely /ifle2 & ) x come ^? ta/es1 t direction ( ! m9d1 & ^? habits1 :i* are ! effect ( an int]nal p[] n[ call$ into activity4 ,! gait & be>+ ( woman are n[ no long] ! same2 & ! voice *anges z well z ! physiognomy4 ,9 all t has yet occurr$1 x w be obs]v$ t nutrition & gr[? take place ) great rapidity 9 woman4 ,h] int]nal /ructure1 h] ext]nal =m1 h] faculties1 are all develop$ promptly4 ,x w\ld appe> t ! p>ts :i* compose h] body1 be+ less1 less compact1 & less /rong1 ?an ^? ( man1 require less "t to atta9 _! complete developm5t4 ,woman consequ5tly arrives e>li] at ! age ( pub]ty1 & h] body is commonly1 at tw5ty ye>s ( age1 z completely =m$ z t ( a man at ?irty4 ,?us beauty & grace1 z has be5 obs]v$1 seem to dem& ( nature less labor & "t ?an ! attributes ( =ce & gr&eur4 ,9 _m wom51 h[ev]1 nutrition langui%es ev5 until ! sexual organs ent] into action1 & det]m9e a revolution "u ! influ5ce ( :i* gr[? is accompli%$4 ,/ill x is c]ta9 t1 = sev]al ye>s1 ! locomotive sy/em pr$om9ates 9 "y wom51 ev5 9 figures promis+ ! ultimate developm5t ( ! vital sy/em 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,! second age ( woman ext5ds f pub]ty to ! cessation ( ! m5ses1 or1 we may say1 f ! p]iod ( full gr[?1 ! g5]al "t ( be>+ *ildr51 to ! "t ( ceas+ to be>--g5]ally p]haps f tw5ty to =ty4 ,x is at ! beg9n+ ( ?is p]iod t woman has acquir$ all h] attributes1 h] mo/ s$uc+ graces4 ,%e is n n[ di/+ui%$ m]ely by ! organs :i* are ! direct in/rum5ts ( reproduction3 _m o!r diff]5ces ( /ructure1 hav+ a relation to h] "p 9 life1 pres5t !mselves to our view4 ,at ?is matur] age1 ! :ole figure is1 9 ! female1 small] & sl5d]] ?an 9 ! male4 ,! anci5ts accord+ly gave sev5 heads & a half to ! ,v5us1 & eight heads & "s modules to ! ,apollo4 ,! relations betwe5 ! dim5sions ( ! diff]5t p>ts diff] also 9 ! two sexes4 ,9 woman1 ! head1 %\ld]s1 & *e/1 are small & compact1 :ile ! haun*es1 ! hips1 ! ?ighs1 & ! p>ts connect$ ) ! abdom51 are ample & l>ge4 ,h5ce1 h] body tap]s upw>d1 z h] limbs tap] d[nw>d4 ,& ?is is ! mo/ rem>kable circum/ance 9 h] g5]al =m4 ,ow+ to small] /ature1 & to great] size ( ! abdom9al region1 ! middle po9t1 :i* is at ! pubis 9 ! male1 is situat$ high] 9 ! female4 ,?is is ! next rem>kable circum/ance 9 a g5]al view4 ,! inf]ior memb]s /ill cont9ue %ort]4 ,9 g5]al1 woman is n only less 9 /ature1 & diff]5t 9 h] g5]al proportions1 b h] haun*es are m ap>t1 h] hips m elevat$1 h] abdom5 l>g]1 h] memb]s m r\nd$1 h] s(t p>ts less compact1 h] =ms m s(t5$1 h] traits f9]4 ,dur+ y\?1 especially1 & among civiliz$ nations1 woman is f>!r di/+ui%$ by ! s(tness1 ! smoo?ness1 ! delicacy1 & ! poli%1 ( all ! =ms1 by ! gradual & easy transitions betwe5 all ! p>ts1 by ! numb] & ! h>mony ( ! undulat+ l9es :i* ^! pres5t 9 e view1 by ! beautiful outl9e ( ! reliefs1 & by ! f95ess & ! animation ( ! sk94 ,! s(t p>ts :i* ent] into ! composition ( woman1 & ! cellul> tissue :i* s]ves to unite !m1 are also m delicate & m supple ?an ^? ( man4 ,all ^! circum/ances indicate v cle>ly ! passive /ate to :i* nature has de/9$ woman1 & :i* w be fully illu/rat$ 9 a future volume4 ,if1 9 a liv+ body1 any "p liable to be di/5d$ _h too mu* firmness1 or ev5 ela/icity1 x might press aga9/ "s ess5tial organ2 & ! liquids be+ imp$$ 9 _! c\rse1 w\ld 9 t case be spe$ily alt]$1 if ! neighbor+ p>ts (f]$ n flexible vessels = _! reception4 ,n[1 9 ! body ( woman1 c]ta9 p>ts are expos$ to suff] great di/5tions & compressions4 ,x is !re=e necess>y t h] organs %\ld be ( su* /ructure z to yield readily to ^! impressions1 & to supply ea* o!r :5 _! respective functions are imp$$4 ,f ?is x foll[s1 t woman nev] enjoys exi/5ce bett]1 ?an :5 a mod]ate plumpness be/[s on h] organs1 )\t too mu* weak5+ !m1 all ! suppl5ess ( :i* !y are capable4 ,?is leads to ! consid]ation ( ! natural mobility ( ! organs ( woman4 ,_! mobility is a necess>y consequ5ce1 9 ! fir/ place1 ( _! littl5ess4 ,! movem5ts ( all animals1 appe> to be execut$ ) m rapidity1 ! less _! bulk4 ,x has be5 obs]v$1 t ! art]ies ( ! ox beat only ?irty-five times1 :ile ^? ( ! %eep beat sixty1 & t ! pulse ( wom5 is small] & m rapid ?an t ( m54 ,a second physical quality1 :i* concurs to r5d] m mobile ! v>i\s p>ts ( woman1 is _! s(tness4 ,a c]ta9 feebl5ess is ! necess>y consequ5ce ( ^! two circum/ances4 ,b x is !nce t spr+ woman's suppl5ess & lightness ( movem5t1 & h] capacity = grace ( attitude4 ,x has be5 conjectur$1 t ev5 ! elem5ts ( ! p>ts :i* con/itute woman1 h a p>ticul> organization1 on :i* dep5ds ! elegance ( ! =ms1 ! vivacity ( ! s5sations1 & ! lightness ( ! movem5ts1 :i* *>act]ize h]4 ,! result ( ^! circum/ances is t1 :ile man possesses =ce & maje/y1 woman is di/+ui%$ by beauty & grace4 ,! *>act]i/ics ( woman are less impos+ & m amiable2 !y inspire less admiration ?an love4 ,z has be5 obs]v$1 a s+le trait ( rud5ess1 a sev]e air1 or ev5 ! "* ( maje/y1 w\ld injure ! effect ( womanly beauty4 ,lucian admirably repres5ts to u ! god ( love fright5$ at ! mascul9e air ( ,m9]va4 ,:ile man1 by =ce & activity1 surm\nts ! ob/acles :i* emb>rass him1 woman1 by yield+1 )draws f _! action1 & adds to beauty1 a g5tle & w9n+ grace :i* places all ! vaunt$ p[] ( man at h] disposal4 ,x is evid5tly ! influ5ce ( ! organs di/+ui%+ ! two sexes1 :i* is ! prim>y cause ( _! peculi> beauty4 ,z ! liquid :i*1 9 man1 is secret$ 9 c]ta9 vessels = ! purpose ( reproduction1 communicates a g5]al excitem5t & activity to ! "*1 s :51 9 woman1 ! p]iodical excretion appe>s1 ! brea/s exp&1 ! eyes sp>kle1 ! c\nt5ance becomes m expressive1 b at ! same "t m timid & res]v$1 & a "* ( flexibility & grace di/+ui%es e motion4 ,con=mably ) ?is view1 ! appe>ance & ! mann]s ( eunu*s approa* to ^? ( wom51 by ! s(tness & feebl5ess ( _! organization1 z well z by _! timidity1 & by _! acute voice4 ,! v opposite is naturally ! result ( ! extirpation ( ! ov>ies 9 wom54 ,pott1 giv+ an acc\nt ( ! case ( a female1 9 :om bo? ! ov>ies 7 extirpat$1 says1 ! p]son has become ?9n]1 & m app>5tly muscul>2 h] brea/s1 :i* 7 l>ge1 are gone2 nor has %e ev] m5/ruat$ s9ce ! op]ation1 :i* is n[ "s ye>s4 ,haighton f\nd t1 by divid+ ! ,fallopian tubes1 :i* connect ! ov>ies ) ! womb1 sexual feel+s 7 de/roy$1 & ! ov>ies gradually wa/$4 ,! wom51 also1 9 :om ! ut]us & ! ov>ies rema9 in]t dur+ life1 approximate 9 =ms & habits to m54 ,x is /at$1 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions = #ahje1 t an adult female1 9 :om ! ov>ies 7 defective1 pres5t$ a correspond+ defect 9 ! /ate ( ! con/itution4 ,to ! same g5]al pr9ciple1 x has be5 obs]v$1 we mu/ ref] ! p>tial gr[? ( a be>d on females 9 ! decl9e ( life1 & ! circum/ance t female-birds1 :5 !y h ceas$ to lay eggs1 occasionally assume ! plumage1 &1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ! o!r *>act]s ( ! male4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ?is cause1 ! fir/ ex]cise ( h] new faculty det]m9es rem>kable modifications 9 woman4 ,h] neck swells & augm5ts 9 size-- ,non illam nutrix ori5ti luce revis5s ,he/]no collum pot]it circumd>e filo2#ca h] voice assumes ano!r expression2 h] moral habits totally *ange3 & _m wom5 owe to love & m>riage m spl5did beauty4 ,! wom5 ?us happily con/itut$ are n ^? ( hot climates1 b ^? ( cool] regions & calm] temp]am5t1 ^: placid features & m ela/ic =ms ann\nce a g5tl] & m passive love4 ,impassion$ wom51 on ! contr>y1 d n s long pres]ve _! fre%ness3 ! expansive =ce1 f :i* ! organs d]iv$ _! =m & color+1 abates2 & a less agreeable flaccidity succe$s to ! ela/icity ) :i* !y 7 end[$1 if ! plumpness :i* adult age commonly br+s does n su/a9 !m4 ,dur+ pregnancy & suckl+1 ! fir/m5tion$ class ( wom5 reta9 a rem>kable fre%ness & plumpness4 ,! la/m5tion$ class ( wom5 mo/ frequ5tly become meag]1 & lose _! fre%ness dur+ ! cont9uance ( ^! /ates4 ,if1 h[ev]1 dur+ ^! /ates1 suitable precautions & pres]vative c>es be n employ$1 x is ! fir/ class :o mo/ suff] f traces ( mat]nity4 ,conception1 pregnancy1 deliv]y1 & suckl+1 be+ r5ew$ m or less frequ5tly dur+ ! second age1 ha/5 debility 9 feeble & ill-con/itut$ wom52 especially if mis]y or an improp] mode ( life increase ! influ5ce ( ^! causes4 ,9 ! ?ird age ( woman1 ext5d+ g5]ally f =ty to sixty1 ! physical =m does n sudd5ly det]iorate2 &1 z has (t5 be5 obs]v$1 :5 premature infirmities or mis=tunes1 ! ex]cise ( an unfavorable pr(ession1 or a wrong employm5t ( life1 h n ha/5$ old age1 wom5 dur+ ! ?ird age pres]ve _m ( ! *>ms ( ! prec$+ "o4 ,at ?is p]iod1 9 well-con/itut$ wom51 ! fat1 be+ absorb$ ) less activity1 is accumulat$ 9 ! cellul> tissue "u ! sk9 & else:]e2 & ?is effaces any wr9kles :i* might h begun to furr[ ! sk91 r\nds ! outl9es anew1 & aga9 re/ores an air ( y\? & fre%ness4 ,h5ce1 ?is p]iod is call$ ! age ( return4 ,?is plumpness1 ?\gh juv5ile lightness & fre%ness be want+1 su/a9s ! =ms1 & sometimes conf]s a maje/ic air1 :i*1 9 wom5 o!rwise favorably organiz$1 /ill int]e/s = a numb] ( ye>s4 ,! %ape c]ta9ly is no long] s elegant2 ! articulations h less ela/icity2 ! muscles are m feeble2 ! movem5ts are less light2 & 9 plump wom5 we obs]ve ^? brok5 motions1 & 9 meag] ones t /iffness1 :i* m>k ! walk or ! dance at t age4 ,at ?is p]iod occurs a rem>kable alt]ation 9 ! organs ( voice4 ,wom51 !re=e1 to :om s++ is a pr(ession1 ought to limit its ex]cise4 ,:5 wom5 pass happily f ! ?ird to ! f\r? age1 _! con/itution1 z e "o mu/ h obs]v$1 *anges entirely2 x becomes /rong]3 & nature ab&ons to individual life all ! re/ ( exi/5ce4 ,beauty1 h[ev]1 is no m2 =m & %ape h disappe>$2 ! plumpness :i* support$ ! reliefs has ab&on$ !m2 ! s9k+s & wr9kles are multipli$2 ! sk9 has lo/ its poli%2 color & fre%ness h fl$ = ev]4 ,^! injuries ( "t1 x has be5 obs]v$1 commonly beg9 by ! abdom51 :i* loses its poli% & its firmness2 ! hemisph]es ( ! bosom no long] su/a9 !mselves2 ! clavicles project2 ! neck becomes meag]2 all ! reliefs are effac$2 all ! =ms are alt]$ f r\ndness & s(tness to angul>ity & h>dness4 ,t :i*1 amid ^! ru9s1 /ill survives = a long "t1 is ! entir5ess ( ! hair1 ! placidity or ! f95ess ( ! look1 ! air ( s5tim5t1 ! amiable expression ( ! c\nt5ance1 &1 9 wom5 ( elegant m9d & great accompli%m5ts1 c>ess+ mann]s & *>m+ graces1 :i* almo/ make u =get y\? & beauty4 ,f9ally1 & especially 9 muscul> or n]v\s wom51 ! temp]am5t *anges1 & ! con/itution ( woman approa*es to t ( man2 ! organs become rigid2 &1 9 "s unhappy cases1 a be>d protrudes4 ,old age & decrepitude f9ally succe$4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,( ,,! ,,causes ,,( ,,beauty ,,9 ,,woman4 ,! cross+ ( races is (t5 spok5 ( z a means ( p]fect+ ! =m ( man1 & ( develop+ beauty2 & we are told t x is 9 ?is mann] t ! ,p]sians h become a beautiful p1 & t _m tribes ( ,t>t> orig9 h be5 improv$1 especially ! ,turks1 :o n[ pres5t to u sc>cely any?+ ( ! ,mongol4 ,9 ^! g5]al & vague /atem5ts1 h[ev]1 ! m]e cross+ ( diff]5t races is always deem$ suffici5t2 :]eas1 e improvem5t dep5ds on ! circum/ance t ! organization ( ! races subject$ to ?is op]ation is duly suit$ to ea* o!r4 ,x is 9 t way only1 t we c expla9 ! foll[+ facts /at$ by ,moreau3-- ,9 "o ( ! great t[ns ( ! nor? ( ,france1 ! wom51 half a c5tury ago1 7 r ugly ?an pretty2 b a deta*m5t ( ! gu>ds be+ qu>t]$ !re1 & rema9+ dur+ sev]al ye>s1 ! population *ang$ 9 appe>ance1 &1 favor$ by ?is circum/ance1 ! t[n is n[ indebt$ to /rang]s = ! beauty ( ! mo/ int]e/+ portion ( its inhabitants4 ,! monks ( ,citeaux ex]cis$ an influ5ce no less rem>kable ^u ! beauty ( ! inhabitants ( ! c\ntry ar\nd _! mona/]y2 & x may be /at$1 z ! result ( actual obs]vation1 t ! "y female-peasants ( _! neighborhood 7 mu* m beautiful ?an ^? ( o!r cantons4 ,&1 adds ?is writ]1 !re c be no d\bt t ! same effect occurr$ 9 ! diff]5t places :i!r religi\s h\ses attract$ =eign inmates1 :om love & pleasure spe$ily unit$ ) ! indig5\s inhabitants6 ,! o!r circum/ances :i* contribute to female beauty1 are1 a mild climate1 a f]tile soil1 a g5]\s b temp]ate diet1 a regul> mode ( life1 favorable education1 ! guidance & suppression ( passions1 easy mann]s1 good moral1 social1 & political in/itutions1 & occupations :i* d n injure ! beautiful proportions ( ! body4 ,beauty1 accord+ly1 is m especially to be f\nd 9 c]ta9 c\ntries4 ,?us1 z has (t5 be5 obs]v$1 ! sangu9e temp]am5t is t ( ! nations ( ! nor?2 ! phlegmatic is t ( cold & moi/ c\ntries2 & ! bili\s is t ( ! great] "p ( ! inhabitants ( s\!rn regions4 ,ea* ( ^! has its degree & modification ( beauty4 ,! native c\ntry ( beauty is n to be f\nd ei!r 9 regions :]e cold freezes up ! liv+ juices1 or 9 ^? :]e ! animal /ructure is )]$ by heat4 ,a climate remov$ f ! excessive influ5ce ( bo? ^! causes con/itutes an ess5tial condition 9 ! production ( beauty2 & ?is1 ) its effect1 we f9d betwe5 ! #ce? & #fe? degree ( nor!rn latitude1 9 ,p]sia1 ! c\ntries bord]+ ^u ,caucasus1 & pr9cipally ,t*]cassia1 ,georgia & ,mongrelia1 ,turkey 9 ,europe & ,asia1 ,greece1 ,italy1 "s "p ( ,spa91 a v small "p ( ,france1 ,engl&1 ,holl&1 "s p>ts ( ,g]many1 ,pol&1 ,d5m>k1 ,sw$51 & a "p ( ,norway & ev5 ( ,russia4 ,ev5 "u ! same degree ( latitude1 x is obs]v$ t ! position ( ! place1 its elevation1 its vic9ity to ! sea1 ! direction ( ! w9ds1 ! nature ( ! soil1 & all ! peculi>ities ( locality :i* con/itute ! climate prop] to ea* place1 occasion great diff]5ces 9 beauty4 ,9 relation to ! causes ( beauty1 "s obs]vations :i* seem to be important1 arise out ( ! rem>ks ( de ,pauw on ! ,greeks4 ,de ,pauw endeavor$ to %[1 t1 ?\gh ! m5 ( anci5t ,greece 7 h&some1 ! wom5 ( t c\ntry 7 nev] beautiful4 ,he !nce acc\nt$ = ! excessive admiration :i* !re prevail$ ( c\rtesans f ,ionia1 c4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 s contr>y to ! notions =m$ ( ! beauty ( t p f :at 0 kn[n ( _! ta/e1 t x 0 consid]$ z a p>adox4 ,travell]s1 accord+ly1 s\ght = su* beauty 9 ! wom5 ( mod]n ,greece4 ,!y 7 disappo9t$ 9 n f9d+ x4 ,:at r5d]$ ?is ! m rem>kable 01 t 9 v>i\s places !y f\nd ! anci5t & beautiful ca/ ( c\nt5ance among ! m51 & n among ! wom5 ( t c\ntry--?us corroborat+ 9 all respects ! doctr9e ( de ,pauw4 ,on consid]+ t doctr9e1 h[ev]1 & comp>+ x ) m ext5d$ obs]vations1 x w\ld seem to be only a p>ticul> application ( a m g5]al law unkn[n to de ,pauw--t1 9 mo/ c\ntries1 "o ( ! sexes excels ! o!r 9 beauty4 ,?us1 9 "s p>ts ( ! highl&s ( ,scotl&1 we f9d ! m5 z rem>kable = beauty z ! wom5 = ugl9ess2 :ile1 9 "s ea/]n c\nties ( ,engl&1 we f9d precisely ! rev]se4 ,! /rong features1 ! d>k curl$ hair & ! muscul> =m1 ( ! highl&]1 are z unsuitable to ! female sex1 z ! s(t features1 ! flax5 hair1 & ! %ort & tap]+ limbs1 ( ! woman ( ! ea/]n coa/1 are unsuitable to ! male4 ,if ! soil1 climate1 & productions1 ( ^! c\ntries be consid]$1 we discov] ! causes ( ! diff]5ces allud$ to4 ,! h>d%ips ( m\nta9 life are favorable to ! /rong] developm5t ( ! locomotive sy/em1 :i* ought m or less to *>act]ize ! male2 & ! luxuriance ( ! pla9s is favorable to ^? developm5ts ( ! nutritive sy/em1 :i* ought to *>act]ize ! female4 ,?is is illu/rat$ ev5 9 inf]ior animals4 ,ox5 become l>ge-bodi$ & fat 9 l[ & ri* soils1 b are rem>kable = %ortness ( legs2 :ile1 9 high] & dri] situations1 ! bulk ( ! body is less1 & ! limbs are /rong] & m muscul>4 ,! quantity & quality ( ! alim5ts are ano!r cause1 n less p[]ful 9 reg>d to beauty4 ,abundance1 or r a prop] m$iocrity1 z to nutriti\s food1 contributes to p]fection 9 ?is respect4 ,beauty is also1 9 "s measure1 a result ( civilization4 ,wom51 accord+ly1 ( consummate beauty1 are f\nd only 9 civiliz$ nations4 ,pr(essions c r>ely be said to favor beauty2 b !y d n imp$e its developm5t :5 _! ex]cise does n compel to labori\s employm5ts an organization suit$ only to s$5t>y occupations4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,( ,,! ,,/&>d ,,( ,,beauty ,,9 ,,woman4 ,! ideas ( ! beautiful v>y 9 diff]5t individuals1 & 9 diff]5t nations4 ,h5ce1 _m m5 ( tal5t h ?\ght !m altoge!r relative & arbitr>y4 ,ask1 says ,voltaire1 a ,negro ( ,gu9ea :at is beauty3 ! beautiful is = him a black oily sk91 deep-seat$ eyes1 & a broad flat nose4 ,p]fect beauty1 says ,payne ,knight1 tak+ p]fect 9 its mo/ /rict1 & beauty 9 its mo/ compreh5sive signification1 ought to be equally pleas+ to all2 b ( ?is1 in/ances are sc>cely to be f\nd3 =1 z to tak+ !m1 or1 inde$1 any examples = illu/ration1 f ! o!r sex ( our own species1 x is extremely fallaci\s2 z !re c be little d\bt t all male animals ?9k ! females ( _! own species ! mo/ beautiful productions ( nature4 ,at lea/ we "k ?is to be ! case among ! diff]5t v>ieties ( m51 ^: respective ideas ( ! beauty ( _! females are z widely diff]5t z ^? ( man1 & any o!r animal1 c be4 ,! sable ,africans view ) pity & contempt ! m>k$ de=mity ( ! ,europeans2 ^: m\?s are compress$1 _! noses p9*$1 _! *eeks %runk1 _! hair r5d]$ lank & flimsy1 _! bodies l5g!n$ & emaciat$1 & _! sk9s unnaturally blea*$ by %ade & seclusion1 & ! baneful influ5ce ( a cold humid climate4444 ,:o %all decide :i* p>ty is "r1 or :i* is wrong2 or :e!r ! black or :ite model be1 accord+ to ! laws ( nature1 ! mo/ p]fect specim5 ( a p]fect woman8444 ,! sexual desires ( brutes are probably m /rictly natural incl9ations1 & less *ang$ or modifi$ by ! influ5ce ( acquir$ ideas1 or social habits1 ?an ^? ( any race ( mank9d2 b _! desires seem1 9 g5]al1 to be excit$ by smell1 r ?an by sight or contact4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a bo> c ?9k a s[ ! sweete/ & mo/ lovely ( liv+ creatures1 we c h no difficulty 9 believ+ t he also ?9ks h] ! mo/ beautiful4 ,among ! v>i\s reasons1 says ,reynolds1 :y we pref] "o "p ( nature's works to ano!r1 ! mo/ g5]al1 ,i believe1 is habit & cu/om2 cu/om makes1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 :ite black1 & black :ite2 x is cu/om alone det]m9es our pref]5ce ( ! color ( ! ,europeans to ! ,e?iopians1 & !y1 = ! same reason1 pref] _! own color to ours4 ,i suppose nobody w d\bt1 if "o ( _! pa9t]s 7 to pa9t ! goddess ( beauty1 b t he w\ld repres5t h] black1 ) ?ick lips1 flat nose1 & woolly hair2 & x seems to me1 he w\ld act v unnaturally if he did n2 = by :at crit]ion w any "o dispute ! propriety ( 8 idea8 ,we inde$ say1 t ! =m & color ( ! ,european are pref]able to ^? ( ! ,e?iopian2 b ,i "k ( no o!r reason we h = x1 b t we are m accu/om$ to x4 ,! coquetry ( sev]al tribes1 x has be5 obs]v$1 leads !m to mutilate & disfigure !mselves1 to flatt5 _! =ehead1 to enl>ge _! m\? & e>s1 to black5 _! sk91 & cov] x ) ! m>ks ( suff]+4--,we make ugl9ess 9 t way1 says ,montaigne4 ,b1 to conf9e our obs]vations to individual nations1 & ^! civiliz$ ones2 we e day see irregul> or ev5 common figures pref]r$ to ^? :i* ! enlight5$ judge deems beautiful4 ,h[1 !n1 x is ask$1 amid ^! diff]5t ta/es1 ^! opposite op9ions1 are we to admit ideas ( absolute beauty8 ,^! are ! /ronge/ objections aga9/ all ideas ( absolute & ess5tial beauty 9 woman4 ,to e/abli%1 9 opposition to ^! objections1 a /&>d ( womanly beauty1 equal tal5t has be5 employ$2 b ! reason+1 ?\gh suffici5t = su* objections1 has be5 r ( a vague description4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ! subject is ( great importance1 ,i %all endeavor to abridge & conc5trate ! argum5ts ( :i* x consi/s1 be=e ,i po9t out ! sur] me?od :i* is f\nd$ on ! ,elem5ts ( ,beauty already e/abli%$4 ,to refute ^! objections1 x has be5 ?\ght suffici5t to exam9e ! *ief conditions :i* are necess>y1 9 ord] to appreciate prop]ly ! impression ( ^? comb9ations1 :i* woman pres5ts1 & to expose ! pr9cipal circum/ances :i* are oppos$ to ! accuracy ( op9ions1 & judgm5ts respect+ !m4 ,! conditions necess>y to enable u to pron\nce respect+ ! real attributes ( beauty1 are1 fir/1 a temp]ate climate1 "u :i* nature br+s to p]fection all h] productions1 & gives to _! =ms & functions1 g5]ally1 & to ^? ( man 9 p>ticul>1 all ! developm5t ( :i* !y are capable1 )\t excess 9 ! action ( "s1 & defect 9 t ( o!rs2--secondly1 9 man 9 p>ticul>1 a bra9 capable ( vigor\s ?\ght1 s\nd judgm5t1 & exquisite ta/e2--& ?irdly1 a v advanc$ civilization1 )\t :i* ^! faculties _c be duly ex]cis$ or atta9 any p]fection4 ,x is evid5t en\gh t none ( ^! conditions are to be met ) 9 ! :imsical judgm5ts & ta/es ( _m nations4 ,! consequ5ce ( ! abs5ce ( ^! conditions1 9 relation to ! unciviliz$ & ignorant inhabitants ( hot climates1 is m>k$ 9 _! deem+ *>act]i/ics ( beauty1 ! ?ick lips ( ,negresses1 ! long & p5d5t mamm ( ! wom5 9 sev]al nations bo? ( ,africa & ,am]ica1 or ! gross =ms ( ^? ( ,egypt4 ,! consequ5ce ( ! abs5ce ( ^! conditions1 9 relation to ! unciviliz$ & ignorant inhabitants ( cold climates1 is equally m>k$ 9 _! deem+ *>act]i/ics ( beauty ! %ort figures ( ! wom5 ( icy regions1 9 :i*1 depriv$ ( ! vivify+ action ( heat & light1 liv+ be+s appe> only 9 a /ate ( de=mity & alt]ation2 & 9 _! simil>ly deem+ beautiful ! obliquely-plac$ eyes ( ! ,*9ese & ,japanese1 & ! cru%$ nose ( ! ,calmucs1 c41 c4 ,^? :o take ^! views1 :i* are true1 ?\gh some:at vague & inconclusive1 %\ld1 ,i ?9k1 h se5 & add$1 t ! deviations f beauty 9 ! =ms ( ! wom5 ( hot climates are commonly 9 excess1 ow+ to ! great developm5t ( organs ( s5se or ( sex2 :ile ! deviations f beauty1 9 ! =ms ( ! wom5 ( cold climates1 are commonly 9 defect1 ow+ to ! imp]fect developm5t ( organs ( s5se1 & ( ! g5]al figure4 ,?is view r5d]s x m cle> t bo? ^! k9ds ( deviation are de=mities1 incompatible ) ! consi/5t & h>moni\s developm5t ( ! :ole4 ,& )\t ?is view1 ! prec$+ argum5ts are inde$ too vague to be easily t5able4 ,9 relation m especially to ! second ( ! prec$+ conditions1 ! possession ( a bra9 capable ( vigor\s ?\ght1 s\nd judgm5t1 & exquisite ta/e1 ,hume obs]ves t ! same excell5ce ( faculties :i* contributes to ! improvem5t ( reason1 ! same cle>ness ( conception1 ! same exactness ( di/9ction1 ! same vivacity ( appreh5sion1 are ess5tial to ! op]ations ( true ta/e4 ,"h1 aga91 ^? :o take ^! true1 b vague & inconclusive views1 %\ld1 ,i ?9k1 h se5 & add$ t ?is excell5ce ( ! ?9k+ faculties is incompatible ) ! obvi\sly con/rict$ bra91 :i* is a defect common bo? to ! ,negro & ! ,mongol--a defect :i* is incompatible ) beauty ei!r ( =m or function1 & :i* ,i h %[n1 9 my "w on physiognomy1 to be intimately connect$ ) climate4 ,?is r5d]s ! argum5t suffici5tly /rong4 ,^? :o employ ^! argum5ts z to a /&>d ( beauty 9 woman1 proce$ to %[ ! modes 9 :i* defects ( ?is k9d unfit p]sons to judge ( beauty2 & ?\gh _! f>!r argum5ts are simil>ly vague1 !y nev]!less t5d to support ! tru?4 ,if1 say !y1 among ! =ms & ! features :i* we comp>e1 "s are associat$ by u ) c]ta9 qualities or s5tim5ts :i* please u1 !y equally lead u to a pr$ilection or prejudice1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! mo/ common or ! lea/ beautiful figure is pref]r$ to ! mo/ p]fect4 ,9 ?is case1 ! imag9ation has p]v]t$ ! judgm5t4 ,w9ckelmann truly obs]ves1 t "y p are mo/ expos$ to su* errors3 plac$ "u ! influ5ce ( s5tim5t & ( illusion1 !y (t5 reg>d1 z v beautiful1 wom5 :o h no?+ capable ( *>m+1 b an animat$ physiognomy1 9 :i* brea! desire1 voluptu\sness1 & languor4 ,! results ( ?is z to life may easily be =ese54 ,( ! excess to :i* su* prejudice may g1 a good in/ance is adduc$ 9 ,desc>tes1 :o pref]r$ wom5 :o squ9t$ to ! mo/ p]fect beauties1 because squ9t+ 0 "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable features ( ! woman :o 0 ! fir/ object ( 8 affections4 ,w9ckelmann obs]ves t ev5 arti/s !mselves h n always an exquisite s5tim5t ( beauty3 _! fir/ impressions h (t5 an influ5ce :i* !y _c ov]come1 nor ev5 weak51 especially :51 at a di/ance f ! admirable productions ( ! anci5ts1 !y _c rectify _! fir/ judgm5ts4 ,circum/ances ( pr(ession1 x is truly obs]v$1 may also lead to associations ( ideas capable ( deceiv+ u 9 our op9ions respect+ beauty4 ,m5 are apt to ref] ev]y?+ to _! exclusive k & ! mode ( judg+ :i* x employs4 ,! :at does t prove ( ! ma!matician1 :5 judg+ ! f9e/ products ( imag9ation1 has pass$ into a prov]b4 ,& e "o kn[s ( t o!r cultivator ( ! same sci5ce1 :o decl>$ t he nev] c\ld discov] any?+ sublime 9 ,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/1 b t he c\ld nev] read ! qu]ies at ! end ( "o ( ! books 9 ,newton's ,optics1 )\t 8 hair /&+ on end & 8 blood runn+ cold4 ,! necessity ( ! ?ird condition1 namely1 advanc$ civilization1 to a "r judgm5t respect+ a /&>d ( beauty 9 woman1 is evid5t1 :5 we consid] t x requires a ta/e =m$ by ! habit ( br++ ?+s toge!r & ( comp>+ !m4 ,"o accu/om$ to see1 says ,hume1 & exam9e1 & weigh ! sev]al p]=mances1 admir$ 9 diff]5t ages & nations1 c alone rate ! m]its ( a "w exhibit$ to 8 view1 & assign its prop] rank among ! productions ( g5ius4 ,f all ?is1 x is c]ta9ly evid5t--n m]ely t t :i* pleases u is n always beautiful2 t num]\s causes may =m s _m s\rces ( div]sity & ( error on ?is subject2 & t we _c !nce conclude t ! ideas ( beauty are relative & arbitr>y--b t c]ta9 conditions are indisp5sable to =m ! judgm5t respect+ beauty2 & t ! pr9cipal ( ^! conditions are1 a temp]ate climate & f]tile soil1 a well-develop$ bra91 s\nd judgm5t1 & delicate ta/e1 & a highly-advanc$ civilization4 ,?is is p]fectly con=mable ) ! practical fact t x 0 "u a mo/ delightful climate1 among a p ( unrivall$ judgm5t1 g5ius1 & ta/e1 & amid a civilization :i* ! _w has nev] s9ce witness$1 t ! laws ( ,nature z to beauty 7 discov]$1 & appli$ to ! production ( ^? immortal =ms :i* ! unfavorable accid5ts occurr+ to ! exi/5ce ( all be+s1 h nev] p]mitt$ ,nature h]self to comb9e 9 any "o individual4 ,?\gh ,i h endeavor$ to am5d ^! argum5ts respect+ a /&>d ( beauty 9 woman1 ,i pref] ^? :i* may be f\nd$ on ! doctr9e ,i h laid d[n respect+ ! ,elem5ts ( ,beauty4 ,x w be f\nd t ! greate/ numb] ( ^! elem5ts are comb9$ 9 ! woman :om we commonly deem ! mo/ beautiful4 ,to illu/rate ?is1 x w be suffici5t to exam9e _! mo/ /rik+ & di/9ctive *>act]i/ic1 namely1 _! fair complexion1 :i* is intimately connect$ ) all _! o!r *>act]i/ics1 & :i* gives increas$ spl5dor & effect to _! =m & features4 ,x is rem>kable t ev5 ,alison1 ?\gh ! advocate ( all beauty be+ dep5dant on association1 grants t ! pure :ite ( ! c\nt5ance is expressive to u1 accord+ to its diff]5t degrees1 ( purity1 f95ess1 gayety2 t ! d>k complexion1 on ! o!r h&1 is expressive to u ( melan*oly1 gloom1 or sadness2 & t s f> is ?is f be+ a fanciful relation1 t x is g5]ally admitt$ by ^? :o h ! be/ opportunities ( asc]ta9+ x1 ! pr(essors ( m$ical sci5ce4 ,he also obs]ves t black eyes are commonly unit$ ) ! d>k1 & blue eyes ) ! fair complexion2 & t1 9 ! color ( ! eyes1 blue1 accord+ to its diff]5t degrees1 is expressive ( s(tness1 g5tl5ess1 *e]fulness1 or sev]ity2 & black1 ( ?\ght1 or gravity1 or ( sadness4 ,ev5 ?is1 h[ev]1 is less conclusive ?an ! pa?ological or physiological facts /at$ by ,*eseld51 z to ! boy re/or$ by him to sight1 namely1 t ! fir/ view ( a black object gave him great pa91 & t t ( a negro-woman /ruck him ) horror4 ,indep5d5tly ( ?is1 :ite1 z e "o is aw>e1 is ! color :i* reflects ! greate/ numb] ( lum9\s rays2 &1 = t reason1 x be/[s ! brilliance & spl5dor ^u beautiful =ms ) :i* all are *>m$4 ,w9ckelmann1 inde$1 obs]ves t ! head ( ,scipio ! eld]1 9 ! ,palazzo ,rospigliosi1 execut$ 9 basalt ( a deep gre51 is v beautiful4 ,b1 9 t case1 x is ! =m1 n ! color1 ( ! head1 t is beautiful4 ,:ile gre5ness ( complexion w\ld n be beautiful 9 a man1 x w\ld c]ta9ly be hide\sly ugly 9 a woman4 ,moreov]1 :ile1 9 a dead black or any d>k color ( face1 x _c be pret5d$ t1 consid]+ its color only1 we %\ld h m ?an blackness or d>kness = admiration1 x is evid5t t1 9 a fair complexion1 we h1 9 addition to its g5]al brilliance or spl5dor1 ! inf9ite v>iety ( its te9ts1 _! exquisite bl5d+s1 & ! beautiful expression ( e transi5t emotion4 ,i h n[ only to expose ! sophi/ry :i* ,payne ,knight has employ$ ^u ?is subject4 ,i am aw>e1 he says1 inde$1 t x w\ld be no easy task to p]suade a lov] t ! =ms ^u :i* he dotes ) su* rapture1 are n really beautiful1 indep5d5t ( ! m$ium ( affection1 passion1 & appetite1 ?r\gh :i* he views !m4 ,b be=e he pron\nces ei!r ! infidel or ! skeptic guilty ( blasphemy aga9/ nature1 let him take a m\ld f ! lovely features or lovely bosom ( ?is ma/]piece ( creation1 & ca/ a plum-pudd+ 9 x 7an object by no means disgu/+ to mo/ m5's appetite71 & ,i ?9k he w no long] be 9 raptures ) ! =m1 :atev] he may be ) ! sub/ance4 ,n[1 x happ5s t a gross] incongruity c sc>cely be suppos$ ?an t :i* exi/s betwe5 lovely features or a lovely bosom & a plum-pudd+1 or betwe5 ! s5tim5t ( love & ! prop5sity to gluttony2 & !re=e to place ! sub/ance ( ! pudd+1 9 :i* int]nal composition is alone ( importance1 & %ape ( none1 "u ! =m ( features or a bosom1 9 :i* int]nal /ructure is unkn[n or un?\ght (1 & %ape or o!r ext]nal prop]ties are alone consid]$1 is a gross & (f5sive sub/itution1 int5d$1 n to enlight5 judgm5t respect+ =m1 b to p]v]t x1 & to degrade ! high] object by comp>ison ) ! l[] "o4 ,! %ape1 moreov]1 is a true sign 9 ! "o case1 & a false "o 9 ! o!r4--,( ne>ly simil> "* is ! foll[+3-- ,if a man1 p]fectly possess$ bo? ( feel+ & sight--conv]sant )1 & s5sible to ! *>ms ( wom5--7 ev5 to be 9 contact ) :at he conceiv$ to be ! mo/ beautiful & lovely ( ! sex1 & at ! mom5t :5 he 0 go+ to embrace h]1 he 0 to discov] t ! p>ts :i* he t\*$ only 7 fem99e or human2 & t1 9 ! re/ ( h] =m1 %e 0 an animal ( a diff]5t species1 or a p]son ( 8 own sex1 ! total & in/antane\s *ange ( 8 s5tim5ts f "o extreme to ano!r1 w\ld abundantly conv9ce him t 8 sexual desires dep5d$ z little ^u t ab/ract s5se ( t\*1 z ^u t ( sight4 ,t1 9 detect+ an impo/ure ( ?is k9d1 admiration w\ld give place to disgu/1 only proves t ! ext]nal qualities :i* 7 admir$ 7 ! natural & appropriate signs ( ! int]nal qualities expect$ to be f\nd "u !m1 & t !y n[ cease to int]e/ only because !y h become1 n naturally less ! signs ( ^! qualities1 b because !y h by a m]e trick be5 r5d]$ insignificant1 because tru? & nature h be5 violat$1 & because ! m9d feels only disgu/ at ! impo/ure4 ,i _c help say+ t if ,knight 0 9 e>ne/ :5 he fram$ su* argum5ts1 8 m9d 0 sometimes dull z well z p]v]se4 ,! r$ness ( any morbid inflammation1 he says1 may display a gradation ( te9t1 :i*1 9 a p9k or a rose1 we %\ld ?9k z beautiful z '! purple light ( love & bloom ( "y desire2' & ! cadav]\s pal5ess ( dea? or disease1 a degree ( :it5ess1 :i*1 9 a piece ( m>ble or alaba/]1 we %\ld deem to be z pure1 z t ( ! mo/ delicate sk9 ( ! faire/ damsel ( ! frigid zone3 consequ5tly1 ! m]e visible beauty is 9 bo? ! same2 & ! diff]5ce consi/s entirely 9 m5tal sympa?ies1 excit$ by c]ta9 int]nal /imuli1 & guid$ by habit4 ,!re is "h ! same confusion ( het]og5e\s & inconsi/5t objects1 z 9 ! prec$+ cases4 ,to judge ( beauty 9 simple objects1 ea* quality may be sep>ately consid]$2 & 9 ?is view1 if ! inflammation pres5t$ ! same te9t z ! p9k or ! rose1 !n1 z a m]e te9t1 ab/ract$ f e o!r quality ( ! respective objects1 x w\ld be precisely z beautiful 9 ! "o z 9 ! o!r2 b z ! color ( a rose on ! human body w\ld indicate t fl[ ( blood to ! sk9 :i* c result only f excessive action1 x ceases to be consid]$ intr9sically1 & is reg>d$ only z a sign ( disease4 ,! same obs]vations are applicable to ! o!r case "h adduc$4 ,! ,african black1 he says1 :5 he fir/ beholds an ,european complexion1 ?9ks bo? its r$ & :ite morbid & unnatural1 & ( c\rse disgu/+4 ,8 sunburnt beauties express _! mode/y & s5sibility by v>iations 9 ! sable te9ts ( _! c\nt5ances1 :i* are equally attractive to him1 z ! mo/ delicate blu% ( r$ to u4 ,9 treat+ ( ! ,elem5ts ( ,beauty1 ,i h endeavor$ to %[1 t ! m ^? simpl] elem5ts ( beauty1 :i* *>act]ize inanimate bodies1 are reta9$ 9 m comp\nd ones1 ! m beautiful ^! become2 b t ! latt] reta9 ^! elem5ts 9 v diff]5t degrees1 dep5dant ^u int]nal or ext]nal circum/ances1 & t su* elem5t>y beauty is (t5 sacrific$ to ! high] ones ( life or m9d4 ,n[1 9 ! case ( ! ,african1 he is born :iti%1 l ! ,european1 b he spe$ily loses su* beauty = t ( adaptation1 by 8 color1 to ! hot climate 9 :i* he exi/s4 ,! latt] beauty is ! high] & m important "o1 & =ms = ! ,african a pr(itable ex*ange2 b ! ,european is /ill m =tunate1 because1 9 ! region he inhabits1 ! simple & elem5t>y beauty is compatible ) t ( adaptation to climate4 ,! climate ( ,africa1 ! c]ebral /ructure ( its inhabitants1 & ! degree ( _! civilization1 are z unfavorable to ! exi/5ce ( beauty z to ! p[] ( judg+ respect+ x4 ,:at he adds z to v>iation 9 sable c\nt5ances is a m]e exagg]ation4 ,7 x possible = a p]son to judge ( ! beauty ( color 9 8 own species1 ^u ! same pr9ciples & ) ! same imp>tiality z he judges ( x 9 o!r objects1 bo? animal1 vegetable1 & m9]al1 !re c be no d\bt t mix$ te9ts w\ld be pref]r$2 & a pimpl$ face h ! same sup]iority ov] a smoo? "o1 z a zebra has ov] an ass1 a v>iegat$ tulip ov] a pla9 "o1 or a column ( jasp] or porphyry ov] "o ( a common r$ or :ite m>ble4 ,"h ! same mi/ake is committ$4 ,elem5t>y beauty is pref]r$ to t ( adaptation to climate1 fitness = physiognomical expression1 c4 ,knight's o!r argum5ts all involve simil> errors1 & admit ( simil> answ]s4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,?ree ,,species ,,( ,,female ,,beauty ,,g5]ally ,,view$4 ,^! h be5 already briefly m5tion$4 ,!y are repeat$ & illu/rat$ "h4 ,! view :i* is giv5 ( !m w ?r[ light on ! celebrat$ temp]am5ts ( ! anci5ts4 ,x w appe> t all ! disputes :i* h occurr$ respect+ ^!1 h aris5 f _! be+ f\nd$1 n on precise data1 b on empirical obs]vation1 at a "t :5 ! great tru?s ( anatomy & physiology 7 unkn[n2 t1 to ! rectification ( ! doctr9e ( temp]am5ts1 ! arrangem5t ( ^! sci5ces1 laid d[n 9 a prec$+ *apt]1 is indisp5sable2 t "s ( ^! temp]am5ts are comp>atively simple1 & consi/ 9 an excessive or a defective action ( locomotive1 nutritive1 or ?9k+ organs2 t o!rs1 :i* h be5 conf\nd$ ) ^!1 are1 on ! contr>y1 comp\nd2 & t1 f ?is want ( classification1 _! nature has be5 imp]fectly und]/ood4 ,to make ?is cle>1 x is necess>y to lay be=e ! read] a succ9ct view ( ! doctr9e ( temp]am5ts4 ,! anci5ts class$ individuals 9 "o or o!r ( f\r temp]am5ts1 f\nd$ on ! hypo!sis ( f\r humors1 ( :i* ! blood 0 suppos$ to be compos$--! r$ "p1 phlegm1 yell[ & black bile4 ,^! 7 reg>d$ z ! elem5ts ( ! body1 & _! respective pr$om9ance pass$ = ! cause ( ! diff]5ces :i* x pres5t$4 ,h5ce 7 d]iv$ ! names ( ! sangu9e1 ! phlegmatic1 ! *ol]ic1 & ! melan*olic temp]am5t4 ,al?\gh ! hypo!sis on :i* ?is doctr9e 0 f\nd$ is univ]sally disc>d$1 ! ph5om5a :i* obs]vation _h taught ! anci5ts1 & :i* !y _h hypo!tically connect$ ) ^! elem5ts1 7 s true1 t t classification has be5 m or less employ$ 9 all ! hypo!ses :i* h s9ce be5 inv5t$ to expla9 _! cause2 & _! nom5clature has cont9u$ 9 use to ! pres5t day4 ,a temp]am5t may be def9$ a peculi> /ate ( ! sy/em1 dep5d+ on ! relative proportion ( its diff]5t masses1 & ! relative en]gy ( its diff]5t functions1 by :i* x acquires a t5d5cy to c]ta9 actions4 ,! pr$om9ance ( any p>ticul> organ or sy/em ( organs1 its excess ( =ce1 ext5ds its sph]e ( activity to all ! o!r functions1 & modifies !m 9 a peculi> mann]4 ,?us1 con=m+ 9 ! illu/ration to ! prec$+ arrangem5t1 9 "o p]son1 ! muscles are m frequ5tly employ$ ?an ! bra92 9 ano!r1 ! /oma* or ! organs ( reproduction are m employ$ ?an ! muscles2 & 9 a ?ird1 ! bra9 & n]ves are m employ$ ?an ei!r4 ,?is pr$om9ance or excess e/abli%es ! temp]am5t4 ,! relative feebl5ess ( any organ or sy/em ( organs1 simil>ly =ms modifications n less important4 ,?us 9 "o p]son1 ! organs ( ! abdom5 are less employ$2 9 ano!r1 ^? ( ! *e/2 9 a ?ird1 ! bra94 ,disease1 x is obs]v$1 commonly ent]s into ! organization by ^! feeble po9ts3 dea? ev5 attacks !m fir/2 ext5ds aft]w>d f "o to ano!r2 & makes progress m or less rapid1 accord+ to ! importance ( ! organ primitively affect$4 ,temp]am5ts1 h[ev]1 v>y inf9itely4 ,x may be said t e individual has a peculi> "o1 to :i* he owes 8 mode ( exi/5ce & 8 degree ( heal?1 ability1 & happ9ess4 ,! temp]am5t1 moreov]1 ( ea* individual is n always *>act]iz$ by well-m>k$ symptoms2 & ev5 :]e x has be5 /rongly m>k$ by nature1 education1 age1 ! influ5ce ( climate1 ! ex]cise ( pr(essions & trades1 & v>i\s habits1 produce 9 x inf9ite *anges4 ,temp]am5ts also comb9e toge!r1 s t all m5 are1 9 "s degree1 at once sangu9e & bili\s1 or o!rwise comp\nd4 ,?us all int]m$iate %ades ( temp]am5t are produc$2 & x is (t5 difficult1 or1 "u p>ticul> circum/ances1 impossible1 to det]m9e "u :i* temp]am5t individuals may be class$4 ,! simple temp]am5ts are !re=e ab/ractions1 :i* x is difficult to realize2 & ! influ5ce ( any temp]am5t is sometimes undiscov]able except 9 "s extraord9>y circum/ances ( disord] or disease1 dur+ :i* x may be obs]v$4 ,cull5 admits ! f\r temp]am5ts ( ,hippocrates1 & rem>ks conc]n+ !m1 t x is probable !y 7 fir/ f\nd$ ^u obs]vation1 & aft]w>d adapt$ to ! !ory ( ! anci5ts1 s9ce we f9d !y h a real exi/5ce4 ,dr4 ,pri*>d rem>ks1 t ?is division ( temp]am5ts is by no means a fanciful di/9ction4 ,to ! f\r temp]am5ts ( ,hippocrates1 ,gregory adds a fif?1 ! n]v\s temp]am5t4 ,?us are =m$ five temp]am5ts g5]ally admitt$1 namely1 #a/1 ! phlegmatic or relax$2 #b;d1 ! sangu9e art]ial2 #c;d1 ! sangu9e v5\s or bili\s2 #d?1 ! n]v\s2 &1 #e?1 ! muscul> or a?letic4 ,"s writ]s jo9 to ^! ! p>tial temp]am5ts :i* det]m9e ! asc5d5cy ( ! functions ex]cis$ by p>ticul> organs2 :5ce pr9cipally come ! temp]am5ts :i* !y call ! c]ebral1 epiga/ric1 abdom9al1 hepatic1 g5ital1 c4 ,z already said1 x w 9 ! sequel appe> t "s ( ^! temp]am5ts are comp>atively simple1 t o!rs are comp\nd1 & t f ?is want ( classification1 _! nature has be5 imp]fectly und]/ood4#cb ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,fir/ ,,species ,,( ,,beauty--,,beauty ,,( ,,! ,,locomotive ,,sy/em4 ,! av]age /ature ( woman1 z already said1 is two or ?ree in*es less ?an t ( man4 ,! bones ( woman rema9 always small] ?an ^? ( man2 ! cyl9drical ones be+ m sl5d]1 & ! flat ones ?9n]1 :ile ! =m] are also r\nd]4 ,! muscles r5d] ! surfaces ( ! bones less unev52 ! projections ( ! latt] are less2 & all _! cavities & impressions h less dep?4 ,! bones ( woman h likewise less h>dness ?an ^? ( man4 ,su* be+ ! solid & fundam5tal p>ts ( ?is sy/em 9 woman1 ! mo/ rem>kable circum/ances 9 _! comb9ation %\ld next be notic$4 ,9 woman1 ! magnitude ( ! pelvis or l[] "p ( ! trunk1 has ! greate/ influ5ce on ! app>5t proportion ( p>ts1 & on ! g5]al figure4 ,! mo/ rem>kable diff]5ces betwe5 ! two sexes1 9 relation to ?is sy/em1 are consequ5tly ^? pres5t$ by ! inf]ior & sup]ior "p ( ! trunk 9 ea*4 ,! brea/ & ! haun*es are 9 an inv]se proportion 9 ! two sexes4 ,man has ! brea/ l>g] & wid] ?an t ( woman3 woman has ! haun*es less circumscrib$ ?an ^? ( man4 ,! upp] "p ( ! body is also less prom95t1 & ! l[] "p m prom95t1 9 woman ?an 9 man2 & !re=e1 :5 !y /& upright1 or lie on ! back1 ! brea/ is mo/ prom95t 9 ! male1 & ! pubes 9 ! female4 ,! indication ?is af=ds ( ! fitness ( woman = impregnation1 ge/ation1 & p>turition1 is obvi\s4 ,f ! same cause1 ! back ( woman is m holl[4 ,/ill f>!r to increase ! capacity ( ! l[] "p ( ! body1 woman has ! lo9s m ext5d$ ?an man4 ,?is portion ( h] body is 9 e way enl>g$ at ! exp5se ( neighbor+ p>ts4 ,h5ce1 ! *e/ is %ort] above2 & ! ?ighs & legs are %ort] bel[4 ,! ?igh-bones ( woman are also m sep>at$ sup]iorly2 ! knees are m approximat$2 ! feet are small]2 & ! base ( support is less ext5d$4 ,! read] desir\s ( ?or\ghly und]/&+ ^! matt]s1 %\ld comp>e ! beautiful plates ( ! male & female skeletons by ,alb9us & ,soemm]r+4 ,beauty ( ! locomotive sy/em 9 woman1 dep5ds especially ^u ^! fundam5tal facts1 & ^? t5d5cies ( /ructure :i* ?us di/+ui% h] f man4 ,9 ! woman possess+ ,,?is ,,species ( beauty1 !re=e1 ! face is g5]ally some:at bony & oblong2--! neck1 less connect$ ) ! nutritive sy/em1 is r long & tap]+2--! %\ld]s1 )\t be+ angul>1 are suffici5tly broad & def9ite = muscul> atta*m5ts2--! bosom1 a vital organ1 is ( b mod]ate dim5sions2--! wai/1 enclos+ small] nutritive organs1 is rem>kable = f9e proportion1 & resembles1 9 "s respects1 an inv]t$ cone2--! haun*es1 = ! same reason1 are b mod]ately exp&$2--! ?ighs are proportional2--! arms1 z well z ! limbs1 be+ =m$ *iefly ( locomotive organs1 are r long & mod]ately tap]+2--! h&s & feet are mod]ately small2--! complexion1 ow+ to ! inf]iority ( ! nutritive sy/em1 is (t5 r d>k2--& ! hair is frequ5tly d>k & /rong4--,! :ole figure is precise1 /rik+1 & (t5 brilliant4--,f its proportions1 x sometimes seems almo/ a]ial2 & we w\ld imag9e1 t1 if our h&s 7 plac$ "u ! lat]al p>ts ( ! tap]+ wai/ ( a woman ?us *>act]iz$1 ! slighte/ pressure w\ld suffice to ?r[ h] into ! air4 ,to ?is class belong g5]ally ! m firm1 vigor\s1 & ev5 actively-impassion$ wom53 ?\gh x may d\btless boa/ _m ( greatly modifi$ "*4 ,fir/ ,v>iety or ,modification ( ?is ,species ( ,beauty4 ,x may "h be obs]v$1 t ! v>ieties or modifications ( ea* species ( beauty naturally correspond ) ! great] or less developm5t ( "s "o ( ! v>i\s organs on :i* ! species is f\nd$4 ,?us1 ! modifications ( beauty ( ! locomotive sy/em correspond ) ! great] or less developm5t ( ! bones1 ! ligam5ts1 or ! muscles2 ^? ( ! nutritive sy/em correspond ) ! great] or less developm5t ( ! absorb5ts1 ! bloodvessels1 or ! gl&s2 & ^? ( ! ?9k+ sy/em correspond ) ! great] or less developm5t ( ! organs ( s5se1 ! bra91 or ! c]ebel4 ,a little reflection w %[1 t "s ( ^! modifications w be m1 & o!rs less beautiful4 ,to und]/& ! pres5t v>iety1 ! bony /ructure on :i* x especially dep5ds1 mu/ n[ be m m9utely describ$4 ,comm5c+ ) ! trunk ( ! body--! *e/ 9 woman is %ort] b m exp&$2 ! brea/-bone is %ort] b wid]2 ! two upp] ribs are flatt]2 ! coll>-bones are m /raight or less curv$1 & d n pres5t t prom95t relief :i* appe>s on ! *e/ ( man2 ! %\ld]s are c>ri$ f>!r back1 & project less f ! trunk4 ,! haun*es1 z already /at$1 are proportionally wid] 9 woman ?an 9 man1 & ! int]ior cavity ( ! pelvis1 :i* is betwe5 !m1 be+ adapt$ to ge/ation1 is m capaci\s4 ,?is great] capacity ( ! pelvis arises f ! lat]al p>ts hav+ 9 woman m convexity outw>d2 f ! bones call$ ossa pubis1 :i* =m ! ant]ior "p1 t\*+ at a small] numb] ( po9ts1 & runn+ obliquely or =m+ a great] angle1 to enl>ge ! space :i* is betwe5 !m & ! inf]ior extremity ( ! po/]ior "p ( ! pelvis2 f ! ar* ( ! pubis be+ l>g]2 f ! great] concavity & bread? ( ! os sacrum or po/]ior bone ( ! pelvis1 its po/]ior "p =m+ a great] prom95ce outw>d2 & f ! :ole pelvis be+ ?us wid] & less deep1 its circumf]5ce approa*+ m to ! circul> =m4 ,! cavities1 x may be add$1 9 :i* ! heads ( ! ?igh-bones are receiv$1 are ( c\rse f>!r ap>t3 !y are also oblique & less deep4 ,! arms ( woman are %ort] ?an 9 man4--,z ^! memb]s are well m>k$ 9 beauty ( ! locomotive sy/em1 !y may ! m fully be consid]$ "h4--,! arms1 & especially _! extremities1 are susceptible ( a degree ( beauty ( :i* we see few examples4 ,_! bases1 ! bones1 ligam5ts1 & muscles1 belong to ! locomotive sy/em2 & _! fundam5tal beauty consequ5tly dep5ds ^u its proportions2 b to ! nutritive sy/em are ow+ ! circum/ances t1 9 woman1 ! arm is fatt] & m r\nd$1 has s(t] =ms & m fl[+ & pur] outl9es4 ,! h& 9 woman is small]1 m plump1 m s(t1 & m :ite4 ,x is peculi>ly beautiful :5 full2 :5 x is g5tly dimpl$ ov] ! fir/ jo9ts2 :5 ! f+]s are long1 r\nd1 tap]+ t[>d ! ends2 :5 ! o!r jo9ts are m>k$ by slight reliefs & %ad[s2 & :5 ! f+]s are delicate & flexible4 ,beauty ( ! h& becomes ! m preci\s1 because x is ! pr9cipal organ ( a s5se :i* may be consid]$ z ! mo/ valuable ( all4 ,9 reg>d to ! l[] extremities1 x has be5 obs]v$1 t ! lat]al convexity ( ! pelvis causes ! bones ( ! ?ighs atta*$ to !m to be f>!r sep>at$ f ea* o!r2 & ?is sep>ation ( ! bones ( ! ?ighs causes an increase ( ! size ( ! haun*es4 ,x is ov] ! po/]ior "p ( ! space ?us produc$1 t we obs]ve ! reliefs :i* ! inf]ior memb]s pres5t sup]iorly1 & :i* unite !m ) ! trunk1 by =ms s beautifully r\nd$4 ,! ?ighs are also proportionally l>g]1 on acc\nt ( ?is sep>ation3 !y are m r\nd$1 z well z mu* m volum9\s3 !y are also m curv$ be=e ?an 9 man4 ,at _! inf]ior "p1 !y approximate2 & ! knees project a little inw>d4 ,x has be5 truly obs]v$1 t ?is con=mation manife/s1 relatively to ge/ation & p>turition1 advantages ( :i* ! ext]ior expression is n f\nd 9 ! wom5 :o are commonly reg>d$ z well made1 & :o1 h[ev]1 are n s1 if ! be/ con=mation or beauty result f a direct & well-m>k$ relation betwe5 ! =m ( ! organs & _! functions4 ,x is ow+ to ! ?ighs ( woman be+ ?us c>ri$ m inw>d :5 %e walks1 t ! *ange ( ! po9t ( gravity :i* m>ks ea* /ep1 is 9 h] mu* m rem>kable4 ,all ! o!r p>ts ( ! inf]ior memb]s are 9 g5]al di/+ui%$ by =ms m s(tly r\nd$2 ! leg is rem>kable = its delicacy2 ! long l9e ( ! ant]ior bone is entirely hid "u its envelope2 its inf]ior "p is %ap$ ) m elegance2 ! foot is small]2 & ! base ( support is less ext5d$4 ,! feet1 l ! h&s1 are susceptible ( a k9d ( beauty ( :i* nature is sp>+4 ,f all ?is x appe>s t ! only bones :i* nature t5ds to enl>ge 9 woman are ^? ( ! pelvis2 t all ! re/ are small2 & t !y proportionally dim9i% 9 size1 z we pass f t c5tral "p to ! extremities4 ,! ,,fir/ ,,modification1 !re=e1 ( ?is species ( beauty1 is t 9 :i* ! developm5t ( ! bones1 ^? ( ! pelvis except$1 is proportionally small4 ,?is "* w be especially app>5t :]e ! long bones approa* ! surface2 z 9 ! arm imm$iately above ! wri/1 &1 9 ! leg1 imm$iately above ! ankle4 ,its effect w be proportionally delicate & fem99e4 ,v>i\s subord9ate modifications ( ?is k9d ( beauty are f\nd 9 v>i\s c\ntries1 & "u ! influ5ce ( v>i\s circum/ances4 ,! wom5 ( ,rome1 we are told1 pres5t beauty ( ! %\ld]s 9 ! highe/ degree1 :5 !y arrive at t p]iod ( life 9 :i* plumpness succe$s to juv5ile ela/icity4 ,x has be5 sugge/$1 t ! ,greek or ,ionian wom51 ^: arms 7 ( s p]fect a =m1 ow$ t beauty 9 "s measure to ! cu/om ( leav+ !m nude1 or cov]$ only by loose drap]y3 z 9 t case1 no pressure con/rict$ ! r\ndness ( ! fle%y p>ts1 & prev5t$ _! developm5t2 no ligature1 b9d+ ! upp] "p ( ! arm1 alt]$ ! color ( ! sk92 & ! arm1 be+ always uncov]$1 receiv$ at ! toilet ! same att5tion z o!r p>ts4 ,h5ce1 x is suppos$ antique /atu>y has left u su* admirable models ( ! beauty ( ?is "p4 ,x is c]ta9ly n improbable t we may attribute ! abs5ce ( ?is beauty1 9 "s measure1 to a cu/om :i*1 9 _m cases1 m$ic9e may approve1 b :i* is unfavorable to ! arm1 t ( we>+ long sleeves2 b want ( ex]cise is its great cause4 ,! =m ( ! h& (t5 ann\nces ! occupation ( ! p]son to :om x belongs1 & sometimes ev5 h] p>ticul> capabilities4 ,!re c]ta9ly are h&s t we may call intellectual2 & !re are o!rs t we may call fooli% or /upid4 ,( ! h&1 ,lavat] says1 t1 :e!r 9 movem5t or 9 repose1 its expression _c be mi/ak53 its mo/ tranquil position indicates our natural dispositions2 its flexions1 our actions & our passions4 ,! anci5ts1 x has be5 obs]v$1 atta*$ mu* importance to ! =m ( ! feet3 ! philosoph]s did n neglect x 9 ! g5]al view ( ! physiognomy2 & ! hi/orians z well z ! poets made m5tion ( _! beauty1 9 speak+ ( ,polyx5e1 ,aspasia1 & o!rs2 z !y did ( _! de=mities 9 speak+ ( ! emp]or ,domitian4 ,p]fection or de=mity ( ! feet is no d\bt 9 g5]al h]$it>y2 b good managem5t w pres]ve ! =m] ( ^!1 & repair ! latt]4 ,we commonly de=m ^! p>ts by means ( our %oes3 ! second toe1 obs]ves a writ] on ?is subject1 :i* naturally projects mo/1 z we see f ! antique1 is arre/$ 9 its developm5t1 & ! foot1 :i* ought1 9 ! outl9e ( its extremity1 to approa* to ! elegant =m ( ! ellipsis1 is r\nd$ )\t beauty1 & is disfigur$ by our ridicul\s compressions4#cc ,second ,v>iety or ,modification ( ?is ,species ( ,beauty4 ,! jo9ts g5]ally are small 9 woman1 & especially s 9 ! extremities4 ,! elb[ jo9t is s(tly r\nd$2 & ! v>i\s jo9ts ( ! f+]s are m>k$ *iefly by little reliefs & fa9t %ad[s4 ,! articulation ( ! knee is feebly indicat$2 ! ankles are dispos$ 9 su* a mann] z to (f] only agreeable outl9es2 & !re are dimples ov] ! fir/ jo9ts ( ! toes1 ) exce$+ly g5tle indications ( ! o!r jo9ts4 ,! ,,second ,,modification1 !re=e1 ( ?is species ( beauty1 is t 9 :i* ! developm5t ( ! ligam5ts & ! articulations !y =m1 is proportionally small4 ,?is con=mation w be especially app>5t--9 ! arm1 at ! wri/--&1 9 ! leg1 at ! ankle4 ,its effect w be proportionally h&some4 ,?ird ,v>iety or ,modification ( ?is ,species ( ,beauty4 ,! muscles ( wom5 are m sl5d] & feeble ?an ^? ( man2 _! bundles are r\nd]2 _! fibres are f9]1 m humid1 s(t1 & delicate1 & less compact2 _! c5tral p>ts or bellies are less prom95t2 _! reliefs d n appe> 9 any /r5g? at ! surface ( ! body2 b be+1 on ! contr>y1 surr\nd$ on all sides by a loose cellul> tissue1 !y only r5d] t surface beautifully r\nd$4 ,al?\gh1 h[ev]1 ! muscul> sy/em ( woman is weak]1 & ! muscles proportionally small]1 yet1 z already said1 9 "s p>ts ! muscul> sy/em is m develop$ ?an 9 man4 ,?is1 ow+ to ! magnitude ( ! pelvis1 is mo/ rem>kable ab\t ! ?ighs4 ,! muscles ( ^! p>ts hav+ l>g] orig9s f ! pelvis1 & be+ less compress$ by reciprocal contact1 h m lib]ty to ext5d !mselves4 ,x is f ?is1 t results mu* ( ! delicacy ( ! female =m1 z well z ! ease1 suppl5ess1 & capability ( grace 9 its movem5ts4 ,x is o!rwise 9 all p>ts remote f ! pelvis4 ,wom51 accord+ly1 c less be said to h calves1 ?an legs :i*1 l _! arms & f+]s1 g5tly tap]4 ,! ,,?ird ,,modification1 !re=e1 ( ?is species ( beauty1 is t 9 :i* ! developm5t ( ! muscles is proportionally l>ge ar\nd ! pelvis1 & delicate else:]e4 ,?is con=mation be+ conceal$ by ! drap]y1 may nev]!less be conjectur$ f ! imp]fect view ( ! hip1 or ( ! calf ( ! leg1 or m accurately by means ( ! ext]nal indications ( =ms :i* are giv5 9 a subsequ5t *apt]4 ,its effect w be proportionally elegant4 ,woman's p[] ( muscul> motion be+ ?us limit$ to ! vic9ity ( ! pelvis1 t ( h] extremities is g5]ally feeble4 ,o!r causes contribute to ?is4 ,?us1 ) reg>d to ! upp] extremities1 x has be5 obs]v$1 t ! coll>-bone1 n sep>at+ s mu* ! arm f ! axis ( ! body1 ! ext5t ( its movem5ts is limit$2 & ?is circum/ance expla9s :y wom51 :o wi% to ov]come great resi/ances ) ! sup]ior memb]s1 exp]i5ce difficulty 9 do+ s--:y1 = example1 :5 !y wi% to ?r[ a /one1 !y are oblig$ to turn ! body on ! foot opposite to ! arm ) :i* !y ?r[4 ,?us also ! l>g5ess ( ! pelvis1 & ! approximation ( ! knees1 influ5ce ! gait ( woman1 & r5d] x vacillat+ & un/eady4 ,consci\s ( ?is1 wom51 9 c\ntries :]e ! nutritive sy/em 9 g5]al & ! pelvis 9 p>ticul> are l>ge1 affect a great] degree ( ?is vacillation & un/ead9ess4 ,an example ( ?is is se5 9 ! lat]al & rot>y motion :i* is giv5 to ! pelvis 9 walk+1 by c]ta9 classes ( ! wom5 ( ,london4 ,= ! same reason1 unit$ to a small] foot1 & "s o!r circum/ances1 wom51 x is obs]v$1 :o execute g5tle & light movem5ts ) s mu* skill1 d n attempt ) advantage great evolutions1 run ) difficulty & )\t grace1 & fly--9 ord] to be caught1 z ,r\sseau has said4 ,9 woman1 h[ev]1 ! muscul> fibre is ?us s(t1 yield+1 feeble1 & incapable ( great evolutions1 because x is necess>y t x %\ld easily adapt itself to rem>kable *anges4 ,f all ?is1 f wom5 hav+ m address 9 ! use ( _! f+]s1 f _! aptitude = little & light dome/ic works1 ! c>e ( *ildr51 & s$5t>y occupations1 x is evid5t t !y _c devote !mselves to toilsome labors )\t /ruggl+ aga9/ _! organization1 & suff]+ proportionally4 ,! voice be+ connect$ ) ! motive organs1 x may "h be notic$ t ! l>ynx or flute "p ( ! ?roat 9 woman is m contract$ & less prom95t ?an 9 man2 t ! glottis does n enl>ge 9 ! same proportion2 t ! tongue-bone is mu* small]2 & t ! tongue1 its muscles1 & ! organs ( spee* 9 g5]al1 be+1 l all ! o!r p>ts1 m mobile1 "y girls articulate & pron\nce mu* m quickly4 ,_! voice is also s mu* m acute1 t if man & woman s+ 9 unison1 !re is always betwe5 !m ! relation ( an octave1 :i* =ms ! mo/ natural & mo/ agreeable consonance4 ,x is evid5tly ! ,,union ( all t is good 9 ^! v>ieties :i* r5d]s beauty 9 ! locomotive sy/em p]fect4 ,?is is p]fectly repres5t$ 9 ! ,diana ( ,grecian sculpture1 9 :i*1 ) admirable ta/e1 x is nei!r ! nutritive nor ! ?9k+1 b ! locomotive sy/em1 :i* is develop$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i h already said1 t ! temp]am5ts ( ! anci5ts are only p>tial views ( "s ( ! v>ieties ,i am n[ describ+4 ,! a?letic temp]am5t falls "u ! la/ ( ^! v>ieties2 & x is ! only "o t falls "u ?is species4 ,happily1 x does n occur 9 woman4 ,?is temp]am5t results f a great developm5t ( ! bones & muscles1 & x is t ( m]e physical /r5g?4 ,x is m>k$ by all ! outw>d signs ( /r5g?3 ! head is small1 ! neck ?ick beh9d1 ! %\ld]s broad1 ! *e/ exp&$1 ! haun*es firm1 ! int]vals ( ! muscles deeply m>k$1 ! t5dons app>5t ?r\gh ! sk91 & all ! jo9ts n cov]$ by muscles1 seem+ly small4 ,9 ?is temp]am5t1 muscul> /r5g? prevails ov] ! functions ( ! o!r organs1 & especially usurps ! en]gies necess>y to ! production ( ?\ght2 ! p]ceptions are defici5t 9 quickness1 delicacy1 accuracy1 & /r5g?2 & all ! m5tal functions are ) difficulty excit$2 b ! body is capable ( great ex]tion1 & x surm\nts great physical resi/ance :5 r\s$4 ,! ,f>nese ,h]cules1 says a ,fr5* physiologi/1 exhibits a model ( ! physical attributes ( ?is con/itution2 & t :i* fabul\s antiquity relates ( ! exploits ( ?is demi-god1 gives u ! idea ( ! moral dispositions t accompany x4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( 8 twelve labors1 )\t reflection1 & z by in/9ct1 we see him c\rage\s1 because he is /rong1 seek+ ob/acles to conqu] !m1 c]ta9 ( ov]:elm+ :atev] resi/s him1 b jo9+ to su* /r5g? s little subtlety1 t he is *eat$ by all ! k+s he s]ves1 & by all ! wom5 he loves4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,second ,,species ,,( ,,beauty--,,beauty ,,( ,,! ,,nutritive ,,sy/em4 ,) ! vital sy/em ( woman1 ! capacity ( ! pelvis1 & ! consequ5t bread? ( ! haun*es1 are /ill m connect$ ?an ) ! locomotive sy/em2 =1 ) ^!1 all ^? functions :i* are mo/ ess5tially fem99e--impregnation1 ge/ation1 & p>turition--are intimately connect$4 ,camp]1 9 a memoir on physical beauty1 read to ! ,academy ( ,design1 at ,am/]dam1#cd %[$1 t1 9 trac+ ! =ms ( ! male & female )9 two elliptical areas ( equal size1 ! female pelvis ext5d$ beyond ! ellipsis1 :ile ! %\ld]s 7 )92 & ! male %\ld]s rea*$ beyond _! ellipsis1 :ile ! pelvis 0 )94--,! pelvis ( ! ,african woman is said by "s to be great] ?an t ( ! ,european4 ,! abdom9al & lumb> portion ( ! trunk1 z already said1 is long] 9 woman4 ,9 p]sons above ! common /ature1 !re is almo/ half a face m 9 ! "p ( ! body :i* is betwe5 ! mamm & ! bifurcation ( ! trunk4 ,! abdom51 plac$ bel[ ! *e/1 has m projection & r\ndness 9 woman ?an 9 man3 b x has little fulness 9 a figure capable ( s]v+ z a model2 & ! slighte/ alt]ation 9 its outl9es or its poli% is injuri\s4 ,! wai/1 :i* is mo/ di/9ctly m>k$ 9 ! back & lo9s1 owes all its advantages to its elegance1 s(tness1 & flexibility4 ,! neck %\ld1 by ! g5tle/ curvature1 =m an almo/ ins5sible transition betwe5 ! body & ! head4 ,x %\ld also pres5t fulness suffici5t to conceal ! projection ( ! flute "p ( ! ?roat 9 front1 & ( ! two l>ge muscles :i* desc5d f beh9d ! e>s t[>d ! pit above ! brea/-bone4#ce ,ov] all ^! p>ts1 ! pr$om9ance ( ! cellul> tissue1 & ! s(t & mod]ate plumpness :i* is connect$ ) x1 are a rem>kable *>act]i/ic ( ! vital sy/em 9 woman4 ,:ile ?is facilitates ! adaptation ( ! locomotive sy/em to e *ange1 x at ! same "t oblit]ates ! projection ( ! muscles1 & inve/s ! :ole figure ) r\nd$ & beautiful =ms4 ,x has be5 well obs]v$ t ! pr9cipal effect ( su* =ms ^u ! obs]v] mu/ be ref]r$ to ! faculties :i* !y reveal2 =1 z rem>k$ by ,r\ssel1 if we exam9e ! great] "p ( ! attributes :i* con/itute beauty1 if reason analyze t :i* in/9ct judges at a glance1 we %all f9d t ^! attributes h a ref]5ce to real advantages = ! species4 ,a light %ape1 supple movem5ts1 :5ce spr+ brilliance & grace1 are qualities :i* please1 because !y ann\nce ! good condition ( ! individual :o possesses !m1 & ! great] degree ( aptitude = ! functions :i* t individual ought to fulfil4 ,beauty1 !n1 ( ! nutritive sy/em 9 woman1 dep5ds especially ^u ^! fundam5tal facts1 & ^? t5d5cies ( /ructure :i* ?us di/+ui% h] f man4 ,9 ! woman possess+ ,,?is ,,species ( beauty1 !re=e1 ! face is g5]ally r\nd$1 to give great] room to ! cavities connect$ ) nutrition2--! eyes are g5]ally ( ! s(te/ azure1 :i* is simil>ly associat$2--! neck is (t5 r %ort1 9 ord] intimately to connect ! head ) ! nutritive organs 9 ! trunk2--! %\ld]s are s(tly r\nd$1 & owe any bread? !y may possess r to ! exp&$ *e/1 conta9+ ^! organs1 ?an to any bony or muscul> size ( ! %\ld]s !mselves2--! bosom1 a vital organ1 9 its luxuriance seems lat]ally to protrude on ! space occupi$ by ! arms2--! wai/1 ?\gh suffici5tly m>k$1 is1 z x 71 encroa*$ on by t plumpness ( all ! contigu\s p>ts1 :i* ! p[]ful nutritive sy/em af=ds2--! haun*es are greatly exp&$ = ! vital purposes ( ge/ation & p>turition2--! ?ighs are l>ge 9 proportion2--b ! locomotive organs1 ! limbs & arms1 tap]+ & becom+ delicate1 t]m9ate 9 feet & h&s :i*1 comp>$ ) ! ample trunk1 are peculi>ly small2--! complexion1 dep5dant ^u nutrition1 has ! rose & lily s exquisitely bl5d$1 t we are surpris$ x %\ld defy ! usual op]ation ( ! elem5ts2--& !re is a luxuriant pr(usion ( s(t & f9e flax5 or auburn hair4--,! :ole figure is s(t & voluptu\s 9 ! extreme4 ,to ?is class belong all ! m fem99e1 s(t1 & exquisitely-graceful wom54 ,! k9d ( beauty ?us *>act]iz$ is se5 *iefly 9 ! ,saxon races ( our ea/]n coa/2 & x is c]ta9ly m frequ5t 9 wom5 ( %ort /ature4 ,! vital sy/em is peculi>ly ! sy/em ( woman2 & s truly is ?is ! case1 t any great employm5t1 ei!r ( ! locomotive or m5tal organs1 d]anges ! peculi> functions ( woman1 & de/roys ! *>act]i/ics ( h] sex4 ,wom5 :o greatly occupy ! locomotive organs1 acquire a co>se & mascul9e appe>ance2 & s well is ?is incompatibility ( p[]1 9 ! use ( locomotive organs ) ! ex]cise ( vital ones1 kn[n to ! be/ female danc]s1 t1 dur+ ! "t ( _! engagem5ts1 !y g5]ally live ap>t f _! husb&s4 ,z to intellectual ladies1 !y ei!r seldom become mo!rs1 or !y become intellectual :5 !y cease to be mo!rs4 ,^! few facts are wor? a ?\s& hypo!ses & dreams1 h[ev] amiable !y may be4 ,! vital sy/em is relatively l>ge/ 9 little wom51 especially aft] !y h be5 mo!rs4 ,! %ort] /ature ( woman ensures1 inde$1 9 almo/ all1 a relative excess ( ! vital sy/em aft]1 if n be=e1 !y become mo!rs2 =1 :atev] ! /ature1 ! mamm1 abdom51 c41 necess>ily exp&4 ,9 ^? ( %ort /ature1 ^! p>ts1 ( c\rse1 become ne>ly z l>ge z 9 ! tall2 & ?is circum/ance causes !m to t\* on ! limits ( ea* o!r 9 little wom54 ,z1 9 pregnancy & suckl+1 ! abdom5 & mamm necess>ily exp&1 & z !y w\ld aft]w>d collapse & become wr9kl$1 7 n a c]ta9 degree ( plumpness acquir$1 t acquisition is ess5tial to beauty 9 mo!rs4 ,meag]ness 9 !m1 accord+ly1 becomes de=mity4 ,a ,fr5* writ] inde$ says3 ,mo/ ( our fa%ionables are extremely sl5d]2 !y h con/itut$ ?is an ess5tial to beauty2 leanness is 9 ,france necess>y to ! air lgant4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t ! vital sy/em--t :i* we h j said is peculi>ly ! sy/em ( woman--is1 9 its mo/ beautiful p>ts1 peculi>ly defective 9 ,france2 & t1 ow+ 9 a great measure to t circum/ance1 ! wom5 ( ,france are among ! uglie/ 9 ,europe4--,b ( t 9 its prop] place4 ,fir/ ,v>iety or ,modification ( ?is ,species ( ,beauty4 ,x may "h be obs]v$1 t ! v>ieties ( beauty ( ! locomotive sy/em1 & also ^? ( beauty ( ! m5tal sy/em1 are easily explicable1 because ^! sy/ems are1 9 "s respects1 m limit$ & simple4 ,! v>ieties ( beauty ( ! vital sy/em are1 on ! contr>y1 m difficult ( explanation1 because t sy/em is1 9 "s respects1 m diffus$ & complicat$4 ,ev5 ! prep>atory vital organs & functions diff] some:at 9 ! two sexes4 ,woman has frequ5tly a small] numb] ( mol> tee? ?an man2 ^? call$ wisdom tee? n always appe>+4 ,ma/ication is also less en]getic 9 woman4 ,! /oma*1 9 woman1 is mu* small]2 ! appetite = food is less2 hung] does n appe> to press h] s imp]i\sly2 & h] consumption ( food is mu* less consid]able4#cf ,h5ce1 indubitable cases ( long ab/95ce f food1 h g5]ally occurr$ 9 females4 ,9 ! *oice & ! pref]5ce ( c]ta9 alim5ts1 woman also diff]s mu* f man4 ,9 g5]al1 wom5 pref] light & agreeable food1 :i* flatt]s ! palate by its p]fume & its savor4 ,_! appetites are also mu* m v>i$4 ,wom51 :om vici\s habits h n deprav$1 use also bev]ages less abundantly ?an m54 ,f]m5t$1 v9\s1 & spiritu\s bev]ages are inde$ us$ only by ! mon/]s eng5d]$ 9 ! corruptions ( t[ns--amid ! insane dissipation ( ! ri*1 or ! wret*$ & pitiable suff]+ ( ! poor2 & bo? are !n br\ght to "o humiliat+ level1 m>k$ by ! r$ & pimpl$1 or ! pallid face1 ! swimm+ eye1 ! hagg>d features1 ! pe/il5tial brea?4 ,! sc>f-sk9 9 ^! cases divides all t may be wor?y f all t is utt]ly wor?less3 ! wor?y "p may be ext]nal to ! cuticle1 9 sub/antial1 ?\gh pollut$ clo?+2 ! wor?less is ! yet liv+ portion1 :i*1 :e!r call$ body or s\l1 is no long] wor? pick+ (f a dunghill4#cg ,dige/ion 9 woman is made1 h[ev]1 ) great rapidity2 & ! :ole canal int]e/$ 9 t process1 possesses great irritability4 ,! absorb5t vessels 9 woman are mu* m develop$1 & seem to enjoy a m active vitality4 ,! circum/ances ( pregnancy & suckl+1 appe> also to augm5t ! en]gy ( ^! vessels4 ,! ,,fir/ ,,modification1 !re=e1 ( ?is species ( beauty1 is t 9 :i* ! dige/ive & absorb5t sy/em is small b active2 = ! great purpose ( life 9 woman is secretion1 :e!r x reg>d ! =mation ( ! sup]ficial adipose sub/ance :i* inve/s h] ) beautiful & attractive =ms1 or ! nutrition ( ! new be+ :i* is ! object ( h] attractions & ( h] life4 ,h5ce x is1 t wom5 naturally & in/9ctively affect ab/emi\sness & delicacy ( appetite4 ,h5ce x is1 t !y compress ! wai/1 & endeavor to r5d] x sl5d]4 ,second ,v>iety or ,modification ( ?is ,species ( ,beauty4 ,wom5 h1 9 great] abundance ?an m51 sev]al ( ! fluids :i* ent] into ! composition ( ! body4 ,!y appe> to h a great] quantity ( blood2 & !y c]ta9ly h m frequ5t & m consid]able hemorrhages4 ,!re is less =ce 9 ! circulation & respiration2 b ! he>t beats m rapidly4 ,! pulse also is less full1 b x is quick]4 ,9 woman1 ! pur] lily & m vivid rose ( complexion1 dep5d on v>i\s causes4 ,x w\ld appe> t1 9 wom51 ! blood is 9 g5]al c>ri$ less abundantly to ! surface & to ! extremities1 :]e also ! :ite vessels are m develop$2 & t1 to ?is1 z well z to ! subjac5t adipose sub/ance1 ! sk9 owes its :it5ess4 ,9 y\?1 h[ev]1 "o ( ! con/itu5t p>ts ( ! sk91 ! reticul> tissue1 or :atev] ! sub/ance "u ! sc>f-sk9 may be call$1 appe>s to be m exp&$1 especially 9 wom52 & x w\ld seem t ?is tissue is !n fill$ ) a blood :i* is less d>k1 & :i* =ms ! color+ ( y\?4 ,?is1 diff]5tly modifi$ by ! sc>f-sk91 gives ! blue1 ! purple1 & all ! te9ts =m$ by ^! & ! color ( ! sk94 ,:]e ! vessels are m pat5t1 & ! sk9 m ?91 delicate1 & transp>5t1 z 9 ! *eeks1 ! hue ( ! rose is ca/ ov] t ( ! lily4 ,9 addition to ?is1 ! slighte/ emotions ( surprise1 ( pleasure1 ( love1 ( %ame1 ( fe>1 (t5 div]sify all ^! te9ts4 ,lightness ( complexion1 h[ev]1 is probably dep5dant m p>ticul>ly on ! art]ial circulation1 & d>kness ( complexion on ! v5\s circulation2 = we "k t 9 fair] woman ! art]ies possess great] en]gy1 :ile 9 d>k] man ! ve9s are m develop$1 l>g]1 & full]4 ,f>!r confirmation ( ?is is af=d$ by an obs]vation1 :i* physiologi/s h neglect$ to make1 t ! kidneys1 receiv+ art]ial blood1 are ! art]y-reliev+ gl&s1 :ile ! liv]1 receiv+ v5\s blood1 is ! ve9-reliev+ gl&4 ,n[1 x is c]ta9 t1 9 cold climates1 ! ur9>y secretion & fairness prevail2 :ile1 9 hot climates1 ! hepatic secretion & d>kness prevail4 ,_m physiologi/s h inde$ made ! insulat$ rem>k1 t ! d>k complexion has mu* to d ) ! hepatic secretion4 ,! m abundant ur9>y & hepatic secretions1 h[ev]1 may n be ! causes1 b only concomitant effects ( ! same cause ) fairness & d>kness ( complexion4 ,! ,,second ,,modification1 !re=e1 ( ?is species ( beauty1 is t 9 :i* ! circulat+ vessels1 be+ mod]ately active & f9ely ramifi$1 be/[ ^u ! sk9 a :it5ess1 a transp>5cy1 & a complexion1 :i* are necess>y to beauty4 ,! :it5ess1 ! transp>5cy1 & ! color ( ! sk91 h1 9 all highly civiliz$ nations1 be5 deem$ ess5tial conditions ( beauty4 ,! anci5ts reg>d$ :it5ess1 9 p>ticul>1 z ! di/9ctive "* ( beauty2 & !y e/imat$ t "* s highly1 t ! "n ( ,v5us1 f ! ,celtic v51 b51 or ban1 signifies :ite1 or :it5ess2 & ,v5us h]self is said to be fair & gold5-hair$4 ,among ! civiliz$ mod]ns1 also a ta/e :i* wom5 seek always to satisfy1 is t = :it5ess ( ! sk93 h5ce1 ! :ite lily1 new-fall5 sn[1 :ite m>ble1 or alaba/]1 are ! images :i* poetry employs1 :5 ! color ( a woman is its subject4 ,s greatly1 inde$1 does :it5ess contribute to beauty1 t _m wom5 deem$ beautiful by u1 h little o!r "r to t epi!t except :at !y d]ive f a beautiful sk94 ,?ird ,v>iety or ,modification ( ?is ,species ( ,beauty4 ,! bran*es ( ! great art]y ( ! body1 ! aorta1 supply+ ! abdom5 & pelvis1 are l>g] 9 woman ?an 9 man1 z well z m habitually liable to v>iation 9 ! quantity ( _! cont5ts4 ,! quantity ( blood1 also1 :i* passes to ! abdom51 is great]4 ,at ! same "t1 ! excretions are g5]ally less 9 woman4 ,hippocrates says3 ,nam corpus muliebre m9us dissipatur quam virile2 ! exp5diture ( ! body ( woman is less ?an t ( man4 ,x is evid5t1 !n1 t ! secretions1 nutrition1 9 p>ticul>1 mu/ be great]4 ,we actually "k !m to be s4 ,b ! n\ri%m5t ( ! organs conc]n$ 9 locomotion is less active1 & t ( ! cellul> & adipose sub/ance is g5]ally m active1 ?an 9 man4 ,& on ?is1 important consequ5ces dep5d4 ,woman is subject to crises :i* w\ld de/roy all h] organs1 if !y (f]$ too p[]ful a resi/ance4 ,"s p>ts ( h] body are expos$ to great %ocks1 to alt]nate ext5sions1 compressions1 & r$uctions1 :i* c\ld n take place ) impunity1 b by means ( ?is pr$om9ance ( ! cellul> & adipose /ructure4 ,! cellul> expansion1 ! g5]al basis ( ! /ructure1 appe>s !n to be m abundant 9 woman1 m lax & yield+1 m dilat$ & full] ( liquids2 & x is by yield+ gradually1 by decompos+ & weak5+ %ocks by means ( ! g5]al suppl5ess ( ! diff]5t organs1 ?us procur$1 t nature seems1 9 woman1 to avoid1 or to de/roy1 e hurtful ef=t4 ,x is obs]v$1 moreov]1 t c]ta9 p>ts1 naturally m loose1 receive into all _! vessels a m consid]able quantity ( liquid1 & assume a p>ticul> enl>gem5t1 at ! mom5t :5 _! sympa?y ) ! ut]us causes !m to ent] into action 9 conc]t ) x2 & x is also obs]v$ t !y dilate m easily dur+ pregnancy4 ,x is ?us1 !n1 t nature gives to all ! p>ts ( woman t suppl5ess :i* r5d]s h] capable ( easily yield+ to ! great revolutions :i* affect h] organization 9 reg>d to reproduction1 z well z m>k ! diff]5t p]iods ( h] life4 ,! great developm5t ( ! cellul> & fatty tissue 9 woman is illu/rat$ by ! rem>kable fact1 t anci5tly ! ,romans1 9 ord] to burn ! bodies ( dead m51 7 oblig$ to jo9 to !m ^? ( wom51 ! fat ( :i* greatly facilitat$ combu/ion4 ,n[1 ) ! great purposes describ$ above1 beauty is naturally associat$4 ,x is pr9cipally ?is excess ( ! cellul> & fatty tissues :i* gives to ! memb]s ( woman ^? r\nd & beautiful outl9es1 t s(t & poli%$ surface1 :i* ! body ( man does n possess4 ,9 e "p1 h[ev]1 ( ! human figure1 z obs]v$ by ,reynolds1 :5 n spoil$ by too great corpul5cy1 w be f\nd di/9ctness1 ! p>ts nev] appe>+ unc]ta9 or confus$1 or z a musician w\ld say1 slurr$2 & all ^? small] p>ts :i* are compreh5d$ 9 ! l>g] comp>tm5t are /ill f\nd to be !re1 h[ev] m>k$4 ,n[1 :ile all ?is is ! case1 x appe>s t ! true sk9 is mu* ?9n] & m delicate 9 woman ?an 9 man1 & t x d]ives m or less ( its cle> :it5ess f ! quantity ( fat :i* is bel[ x2 = meag]ness inevitably t>ni%es & dries x4 ,h5ce1 to possess a f9e1 s(t1 :ite1 & fre% sk91 x is also indisp5sable to possess plumpness4 ,9 relation to ?is pur] :ite1 x mu/ also be obs]v$1 t transpiration1 :i* might soil x1 appe>s to be mu* less abundant 9 woman2 & t ! liv] or ve9-reliev+ gl&1 is v l>ge4 ,! excretions ( ! sk9 9 wom5 are inde$ *iefly limit$ to c]ta9 p>ts2 & x is !nce t x has1 9 v>i\s p>ts1 an odor :i* a ,fr5* writ] obs]ves x is difficult to describe1 b :i* an ex]cis$ s5se ( smell easily succe$s 9 di/+ui%+ 9 wom5 :o fully enjoy all ! attributes ( _! sex1 & :o are wom5 ev5 9 ! atmosph]e :i* exhales f !m4 ,:ile ! sk9 is ?us m :ite 9 wom51 x is also m transp>5t4 ,! reticul> tissue1 or sub/ance int]pos$ betwe5 ! true sk9 & sc>f-sk91 appe>s to h m cle>ness & turgesc5ce1 especially on ! face1 :]e1 "u ! influ5ce ( v>i\s emotions1 x easily p]mits a passage to ! blood1 z we see 9 blu%+4 ,x is 9 y\? t ?is turgesc5ce & cle>ness are mo/ evid5t4 ,h5ce1 ! sk9 9 woman less conceals ! ve9s1 ( :i* ! color1 only enfeebl$ or modifi$ by ! sk91 gives all ^? %ades ( azure :i* ! *>m$ eye foll[s ) s mu* pleasure on ! surface ( ! bosom & ( all ! p>ts :]e ! sk9 has lea/ ( ?ickness4 ,all ?is con/itutes fre%ness1 or animation1 :i* is ne>ly synonym\s ) heal?1 & )\t :i* !re is no beauty4 ,:5 t quality1 z obs]v$ by ,r\ssel1 is want+1 all o!r attractions /rike b feebly1 because ! prompt judgm5t1 :i* in/9ct sugge/s1 w>ns u t ! woman ^: p]son does n pres5t all ! *>act]s ( p]fect heal?1 is 9 a disposition little favorable to ! plan ( nature1 relatively to ! ma9t5ance ( ! species4 ,! :it5ess & ! animation ( ! sk91 h[ev]1 d n alone con/itute its beauty3 !re is /ill ano!r quality :i* is absolutely necess>y to x4 ,?is is ! s(tness & ! poli% :i*1 z ! read] has se51 is "o ( ! fir/ conditions ( physical beauty4 ,9 woman1 ?is is probably d]iv$ f a slight degree ( oleag9\s secretion4 ,h5ce1 %e has few asp]ities ( ! sk91 especially on ! surface ( ! bosom1 & o!r p>ts1 :]e ! sk9 is excessively smoo?4 ,br[n wom51 :o probably h m ( ?is oleag9\s secretion1 are said to possess 9 a great] degree ! poli% ( sk9 :i* gives impressions s agreeable to ! organ ( t\*2 & h5ce1 ,w9ckelmann has said t p]sons :o pref] br[n wom5 to fair ones all[ !mselves to be captivat$ by ! t\* r ?an ! sight4 ,!re is reason1 h[ev]1 to d\bt ! accuracy ( ?is4 ,br[n wom5 appe> to h great] s(tness1 b less smoo?ness ( sk94 ,! body ( woman is ne>ly depriv$ ( hairs ^u all p>ts1 except ! head1 axill1 c42 & ! hair ( h] head is g5]ally long1 f9e1 & flexible4 ,! quantity & ! color ( ! hair are always 9 relation to ! con/itution ( ! individual to :i* x belongs1 & g5]ally to ! temp]ature ( ! place4 ,! p ( nor!rn c\ntries h ! hair ( a silk5 f95ess & ( surpris+ l5g?4 ,! hair :i* is mo/ admir$ is n only v f9e & flexible1 b light color$4 ,fair gold5 hair 01 ( all its te9ts1 t :i* ! anci5t arti/s pref]r$4 ,9 woman1 ! hair ( ! head :it5s & falls lat] ?an 9 man4 ,x is curi\s t1 9 reg>d to ! hair1 ! di/9ctive *>act]s ( ! sexes %\ld n always h be5 pres]v$4 ,?\gh nature gives long hair to woman1 x has sometimes be5 ! fa%ion to we> x %ort2 & ?\gh man has naturally %ort] hair1 x has sometimes be5 ! fa%ion to *]i% its gr[?1 & to %ave ! be>d f 8 face4 ,! latt] has especially be5 ! case 9 deg5]ate & effem9ate times2 & ?is has sometimes be5 accompani$ by rem>kable consequ5ces4 ,"o ( ! greate/ mis=tunes1 says a ,fr5* writ]1 :i* ,france ev] _h to lam5t1 ! divorce ( ,l\is le ,jeune f ,el9or ( ,guy5ne1 result$ f ! fa%ion1 :i* ?is pr9ce wi%$ to introduce1 ( %av+ 8 *9 & cropp+ 8 head4 ,! que51 8 wife1 :o appe>s to h possess$1 ) a mascul9e beauty1 consid]able acut5ess ( intellect1 obs]v$ ) "s displeasure1 t %e imag9$ h]self to h esp\s$ a mon>*1 n a monk4 ,! ob/9acy ( ,l\is 9 %av+ himself1 & ! horror conceiv$ by ,el9or at ! sight ( a be>dless *91 occasion$ ,france ! loss ( ^? f9e prov9ces :i* con/itut$ ! d[ry ( ?is pr9cess2 & :i*1 devolv+ to ,engl& by a second m>riage1 became ! s\rce ( w>s :i* desolat$ ,france dur+ f\r hundr$ ye>s4 ,! habit ( we>+ ! be>d is a manly & noble "o4 ,nature made x di/9ctive ( ! male & female2 & its ab&onm5t has commonly be5 accompani$ n only by p]iods ( g5]al effem9acy1 b ev5 by ! decl9e & fall ( /ates4 ,!y 7 be>d$ ,romans :o conqu]$ ! !n be>dless ,greeks2 !y 7 be>d$ ,go?s :o vanqui%$ ! !n be>dless ,romans2 & !y are be>d$ ,t>t>s :o n[ promise once m to inundate ! regions occupi$ by ! %av5 & effem9ate p ( we/]n ,europe4 ,9 f>!r illu/ration ( ! manl9ess ( ?is habit we may obs]ve1 t ?r\gh\t ,europe1 w>s h g5]ally l$ to its tempor>y & p>tial introduction1 z at ! pres5t day4 ,^? assur$ly blund]1 :o ridicule ! we>+ ( ! be>d4 ,silly affectation1 on ! contr>y1 is imputable only to ^? :o1 by remov+ ! be>d1 take ! tr\ble s f> to emasculate !mselves6 & :o ?9k !mselves beautifi$ by an unnatural imitation ( ! smoo!r face ( woman6 ,z app5dages ( ! sk91 ! nails may "h be notic$4 ,_! beauty consi/s 9 _! figure1 _! surface1 & _! color4 ,by _! figure1 !y s]ve z a def5ce to ! delicate extremities ( ! f+]s1 :i* w\ld o!rwise be easily hurt aga9/ h>d bodies4 ,!y =m at once %ields & support+ ar*es to ! f+]s2 & !y give facility 9 lay+ hold ( bodies :i* w\ld escape f _! smallness4 ,!y ought accord+ly to be ar*$1 & to ext5d z f> z ! fle% :i* t]m9ates ! f+]s4--,! =m ( ! nails dep5ds mu* on ! c>e employ$ 9 cutt+ !m dur+ infancy1 & /ill m on ! mode ( employ+ ! h&4 ,! nails ought also to be smoo? & poli%$1 some:at transp>5t1 & rose-color$4 ,_! rosy color seems to %[ t _! texture has less d5sity & m transp>5ce4 ,x is 9 ?is view ( ! nutritive sy/em & ! *>act]i/ics :i* r5d] x beautiful1 & especially aft] ?is portion ( x :i* reg>ds ! organs & functions ( secretion1 t ! mamm & _! beauty %\ld be consid]$4 ,9 woman1 ! bu/ is small] & m r\nd$ ?an 9 man2 & x is di/+ui%$ by ! volume & ! elegant =m ( ! bosom4 ,! ext]nal & elevat$ position ( ! mamm is by f> ! mo/ suitable = a nursl+1 :i*1 no long] d]iv+ subsi/5ce f )9 ! "m1 nor yet able ( itself to f9d x )\t1 mu/ be g5tly & s(tly borne t[>d h]2 an admirable position1 says a ,fr5* writ]1 :i*1 9 keep+ ! infant "u ! eyes & 9 ! arms ( ! "m1 e/abli%es betwe5 !m an int]e/+ ex*ange ( t5d]ness1 ( c>es1 & ( innoc5t c>esses1 :i* enables ! "o ! bett] to express its wants1 & ! o!r to enjoy ! sacrifices :i* %e makes1 9 cont9ually contemplat+ _! object4 ,accord+ to ,buffon1 9 ord] t ! mamm be well plac$1 x is necess>y t ! space betwe5 !m %\ld be z great z t f ! mamm to ! middle ( ! depression betwe5 ! clavicles1 s t ^! ?ree po9ts =m an equilat]al triangle4 ,! two portions ( ! mamm %\ld be well deta*$4 ,! :ole pres5ts1 9 beautiful models1 m elegance ?an volume2 & ! areola1 x may be obs]v$1 is r$ 9 fair wom5 & deep] color$ 9 br[n ones4 ,w9ckelmann obs]ves t1 9 ! antique /atues1 ! mamm t]m9ate g5tly 9 a po9t1 & t !y h always virg9al =ms1 z a consequ5ce ( ! sy/em ( ! anci5t arti/s1 :i* consi/s 9 n recall+ 9 ! ideal ! wants & ! accid5ts ( humanity4 ,f9ally on ?is p>ticul> head1 ,i mu/ obs]ve t ! reproduction ( ! species is1 9 woman1 ! mo/ important object ( life1 & t e ?+ 9 h] physical organization has evid5t ref]5ce to x4 ,( all ! passions 9 woman1 says ,ri*]&1 love has ! greate/ sway3 x has ev5 be5 said to be h] only passion4 ,all ! o!rs are modifi$ by x1 & receive f x a peculi> ca/1 :i* di/+ui%es !m f ^? ( man4444 ,font5elle us$ to say ( ! devotion ( "s wom51 ',"o may see t love has be5 "h4' ,x has be5 said1 9 speak+ ( ,/4 ,!resa1 ',to love ,god1 is /ill to love4' ,?omas ma9ta9s t1 ',) wom5 a man is m ?an a nation4'--',love1' says ,madame de ,/ael1 'is b an episode 9 ! life ( man2 x is ! :ole hi/ory ( ! life ( woman4' ,! ,,?ird ,,modification1 !re=e1 ( ?is species ( beauty1 is t 9 :i* ! secret+ vessels be+ active1 n only cause ! plumpness1 c41 necess>y to beauty1 b furni% ! mamm>y & ut]9e secretions1 on :i* prog5y is dep5dant4 ,?is mu/ inevitably be foll[$ by mod]ate excretions4 ,x %\ld n pass unobs]v$ t !re exi/1 9 "s wom51 a fair sk9 & d>k hair1 =m+ a r extraord9>y & /rik+ comb9ation4 ,z su* wom5 h ! sk9 rem>kably smoo? & moi/1 ?is is probably connect$ ) "s peculi>ity ( secretion & excretion4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is evid5tly ! ,,union ( all t is good 9 ^! v>ieties :i* r5d]s beauty 9 ! vital sy/em p]fect4 ,?is union is n[h]e s frequ5tly to be se51 z 9 ,engl& & 9 ,holl&4 ,x is curi\s t cleanl9ess among wom5 seems necess>ily to increase ) ! developm5t ( ?is sy/em2 & t1 9 g5]al slov5l9ess & fil? increase z we pass f ,engl& & ,holl&1 t[>d ,france1 ,italy1 ,spa91 & ,portugal1 ev5 among wom5 ( ! highe/ condition4 99 99 99 99 99 ,( ! temp]am5ts ( ! anci5ts1 :i*1 z already said1 are only p>tial views ( "s ( ! v>ieties ,i am n[ describ+1 two1 ! phlegmatic temp]am5t & ! sangu9e temp]am5t1 appe> to belong fundam5tally to ?is species4 ,x has be5 suppos$1 t ! fir/ affects ! absorb5t1 ! second ! circulat+ sy/em4 ,!y appe> to me to be exactly opposite affections ( ! :ole nutritive sy/em at lea/4 ,! phlegmatic temp]am5t may exi/ 9 bo? sexes4 ,! causes :i* t5d to develop x1 are infancy1 humidity ) cold1 ! abs5ce ( light1 indol5ce1 & ! feeble influ5ce ( ! reproductive functions ^u ! g5]al sy/em4 ,9 ?is temp]am5t1 !re exi/s an excess 9 ! proportions ( ! absorb5t vessels2 ! pulse is weak1 sl[1 & s(t2 !re is a turgesc5ce ( ! cellul> tissue1 & a m m>k$ developm5t ( ! gl&s2 ! int]nal /imulants1 hav+ less en]gy ?an 9 ! o!r temp]am5ts1 life is less active1 & all its actions are m or less languid2 ev5 ! ut]us is n end[$ ) suitable en]gy4 ,b ^! *>act]i/ics are n conf9$ to ! nutritive sy/em3 !y ext5d to ! ?9k+ "o4 ,! att5tion is n cont9u\s2 ! p]ceptions succe$ ) "s difficulty2 ! memory is n to be tru/$2 ! imag9ation is weak2 & ! prop5sities1 ! appetites1 & ! passions1 are s languid1 z to be sc>cely capable ( tr\bl+ ! quietude & ! indol5ce :i* dep5d on su* a con/itution4 ,^! *>act]i/ics ( ! phlegmatic temp]am5t1 pres5t to u =ms m r\nd$ & less expressive1 a g5]al s(tness1 a feeble color ( ! sk91 a sort ( etiolation1 a pale c\nt5ance1 a light & abundant hair1 &1 g5]ally1 an insurm\ntable incl9ation to slo?1 av]se alike to labors ( ! m9d & body4 ,x has be5 obs]v$1 t ! sangu9e temp]am5t1 s g5]ally met ) among nor!rn nations1 is ! necess>y consequ5ce ( ! cont9ual & v en]getic reaction ( ! p[]s ( circulation1 aga9/ ! effects ( ext]nal cold2 t x is only by ! con/ant activity ( ! he>t & vessels t calorification c be effect$ ) ! necess>y vigor3 & t ! effects ( ?is r$\bl$ action are ! same to ! organs ( circulation z to ! muscles1 "u ! influ5ce ( volition2 ex]tion 9 bo? increas+ ! p[] ( ! organs ex]t$4 ,9 ! sangu9e temp]am5t1 ! lymphatic1 circulat+1 & secret+ sy/ems appe> to be 9 a sort ( equilibrium2 ! *e/ is l>g]1 & ! lungs m volum9\s2 ! circulation is m rapid1 ! art]ial pr$om9ance is obvi\s2 ! pulse is %>p1 frequ5t1 & regul>2 ! complexion is ruddy2 all ! vital actions are extremely easy2 & ! heal? is r>ely alt]$4 ,! m5tal functions correspond4 ,! conception is quick2 ! memory is prompt2 ! imag9ation is lively2 ! judgm5t has m read9ess ?an dep? & ext5t2 ! m9d1 easily affect$ by ! impressions ( outw>d objects1 passes rapidly f "o idea to ano!r2 ! ta/es1 prop5sities1 appetites1 passions1 are equally ephem]al2 & !re is mu* activity1 b ! /r5g? is soon exhau/$4 ,9 p]sons ( ?is temp]am5t1 ! c\nt5ance is animat$2 ! hair is fair1 & incl9+ to *e/nut2 ! %ape is good2 ! =m is s(t5$1 ?\gh di/9ct2 & ! muscles are ( tol]able consi/5ce1 & mod]ate developm5t4 ,! :ole appe>ance is g5]ally s amiable1 t ?is temp]am5t may be call$ t ( heal?1 beauty1 & happ9ess4 ,9 ! wom5 :o pres5t ! attributes ( _! sex ) ! greate/ unity1 we di/+ui%1 especially dur+ y\? & adult age1 ! traits ( ! sangu9e temp]am5t1 :i* may be reg>d$ z ! mo/ suitable to ! organization ( woman4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,?ird ,,species ,,( ,,beauty--,,beauty ,,( ,,! ,,?9k+ ,,sy/em4 ,9 woman1 ! organs ( s5se are proportionally l>g]1 & ! s5sibility is m quick & delicate ?an 9 man4 ,h5ce1 also1 ! m5tal quickness & delicacy ( woman are great]4 ,h] p]ceptions succe$ ) rapidity & int5s5ess2 & ! la/ ( !m g5]ally pr$om9ates4 ,9 well-organiz$ wom51 accord+ly1 ! =ehead & ! obs]v+ faculties are peculi>ly develop$4 ,! g5]al n]v\s sy/em ( woman is likewise f> m mobile ?an t ( man4 ,beauty ( ! ?9k+ sy/em 9 woman dep5ds especially ^u ^! fundam5tal facts1 & ^? t5d5cies ( /ructure1 :i* ?us di/+ui% h] f man4 ,9 ! woman possess+ ,,?is ,,species ( beauty1 accord+ly1 ! great] developm5t ( its upp] "p gives to ! head1 9 e view1 a pyri=m appe>ance2--! face is g5]ally oval2--! high & pale =ehead ann\nces ! excell5ce ( ! obs]v+ faculties2--! int5sely expressive eye is full ( s5sibility2--9 ! l[] features1 mode/y & dignity are (t5 unit$2--%e has n ! exp&$ bosom1 ! g5]al plumpness1 or ! beautiful complexion1 ( ! second species ( beauty2--& %e boa/s easy & graceful motion1 r ?an ! elegant proportion ( ! fir/4--,! :ole figure is *>act]iz$ by intellectuality & grace4 ,?is species ( beauty is less prop] to woman1 less fem99e1 ?an ! prec$+4 ,x is n ! intellectual sy/em1 b ! vital "o1 :i* is1 & ought to be mo/ develop$ 9 woman4 ,fir/ ,v>iety or ,modification ( ?is ,species ( ,beauty4 ,9 woman1 ! n]v\s extremities appe> to be l>g] ?an 9 man2 a pulpy appe>ance is m rem>kable 9 !m2 & ! papill 9 :i* !y t]m9ate1 appe> to h less rigidity4 ,! organs ( s5se are proportionally l>g]1 & m delicately outl9$4 ,!re is inde$ 9 woman m developm5t 9 ! organs ( s5sation1 ?an 9 t ( und]/&+1 reason+1 & judg+2 :ile ! contr>y is ! case 9 man4 ,! s5sations1 accord+ly1 are 9 woman m acute1 & _! m9ute diff]5ces are m easily disc]n$4 ,man reflects m ?an he feels3 woman always feels m ?an %e reflects4 ,! ,,fir/ ,,modification1 !re=e1 ( ?is species ( beauty1 is t 9 :i* ! developm5t ( ! organs ( s5se is proportionally l>ge1 & ! s5sibility great]4 ,x ought to be obs]v$1 t ?\gh1 9 woman1 :5 well organiz$1 ! :ole head is proportionally less ?an 9 man1 yet1 ! organs ( s5se w be f\nd to be proportionally l>g]4 ,?is suffici5tly indicates ! importance ( su* proportional developm5t4 ,^u x1 inde$1 dep5d t increas$ s5sibility & quickness ( obs]vation1 :i* are ess5tial to ! female "*4 ,second ,v>iety or ,modification ( ?is ,species ( ,beauty4 ,( all p>ts ( ! bra9 9 woman1 :5 well =m$1 ! =ehead1 especially1 is f\nd to be l>ge4 ,)\t ?is1 %e w\ld h s5sibility )\t obs]vation1 a mo/ unhappy condition ( ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,9 woman1 ! bra9 p>takes ( ! s(tness ( all ! o!r p>ts ( h] /ructure4 ,! cellul> tissue :i* cov]s x1 & :i* desc5ds betwe5 its convolutions1 is m abundant1 muc\s1 & loose4 ,! m9d1 correspond+ly1 is m impress$ by any new object ( ?\ght2 ! :ole n]v\s sy/em is m ext5sively affect$ by impressions on ! bra92 ! prop5sity to emotion is /rong]1 & wom5 are m habitually "u its influ5ce4 ,! intimate connexion ( ! ?9k+1 ) a peculi> modification ( ! reproductive faculties1 inspires 9 woman ! want ( mat]nity1 :i* is m p[]ful ?an life1 & :i* r5d]s h] capable ( e sacrifice4 ,associat$ ) ?is1 are h] affection1 t5d]ness1 & compassion4 ,^u ! :ole1 s5sibility 9 woman is great] ?an und]/&+2 ! involunt>y play ( ! imag9ation1 m active ?an its regulat$ comb9ations2 & passion1 g5]ally ( ! g5tl] k9d1 pr$om9ates r ?an resolve or det]m9ation4 ,%e has1 !re=e1 m f9esse & activity1 ?an dep? or =ce ( ?\ght2 & h] n]v\s sy/em is also m frequ5tly d]ang$ by accid5ts unkn[n to man4 ,! ext5t ( ! bra91 ant]iorly1 is measur$ by ! diff]5t degrees ( ! op5+ ( an angle1 :i* ,camp] has call$ ! facial angle2 & s f> x is favorable to woman well con=m$2 b x gives no notion ( ! magnitude ( ! bra9 sup]iorly1 po/]iorly1 or lat]ally4#ch ,! bra9 ( woman1 h[ev]1 9 g5]al1 ext5ds a good deal po/]iorly z well z ant]iorly1 ?\gh x n>r[s 9 ! =m] ( ^! directions2 &1 to ! proportional l5g? ?us acquir$1 is ow+ t int5sity 9 h] functions1 :i* ,i h j describ$4 ,sup]iorly1 c5trally1 & lat]ally1 ! bra9 ( woman is g5]ally mu* less ?an t ( man2 & h5ce ! want ( elevation1 dep?1 & endurance1 9 h] m5tal faculties4#ci ,^u ! :ole1 ! bra9 ( woman is less ?an t ( man1 & x is especially less 9 its sup]ior1 c5tral1 &1 intellectually consid]$1 m important portions4 ,! ,,second ,,modification1 !re=e1 ( ?is species ( beauty1 is t 9 :i* ! developm5t ( ! bra9 is proportionally small4 ,?is is an evid5t coroll>y f :at we h j /at$ z to ! fir/ modification ( ?is species2 = x is n possible t ! organs ( s5se %\ld be proportionally l>ge1 )\t ! re/ ( ! head be+ proportionally small4 ,?is is n q con=mable ) ! wi%es ( phr5ology2 b we mu/ leave any dispute betwe5 t art & nature to its own issue4 ,a ,v5us1 moreov]1 ) a small1 yet beautifully proportion$ head1 is (t5 se5 to be ! "m ( a boy :o has a l>ge head2 ! diff]5ce ( sex caus+ a va/ modification & diff]5ce ( developm5t4 ,?ird ,v>iety or ,modification ( ?is ,species ( ,beauty4 ,f :at has be5 already said1 x may be conclud$ t1 9 action or conduct1 wom5 are less guid$ by intellect1 & are m bias$ by feel+ & emotion2 & x may also be conclud$1 t all _! movem5ts to fulfil ! purposes ( feel+ & emotion1 are made 9 a mann] m easy & m prompt1 ?\gh less su/a9$4 ,?is is increas$ by ! ready ob$i5ce ( ! muscul> fibre1 & ! relative %ortness ( ! /ature4 ,?is m easy & less =cible action is p]fectly con=mable physically ) ! small & elongat$ =m ( ! c]ebel1 or organ ( ! w1 9 woman2 z x is morally ) ! "p :i* woman p]=ms 9 life1 & h] desire to please1 :ile x is t ( man to protect & to def5d4 ,con=mably ) ! small] size ( ! c]ebel1 & especially ) its small] bread? 7! influ5ce ( :i* is expla9$ 9 ! "w la/ ref]r$ to71 ! disposition ( woman to su/a9$ ex]tion1 :e!r m5tal or bodily1 is mu* less2 & h5ce ! "* v>ium et mutabile semp] foem9a4 ,x is1 !n1 ! prompt & easily-affect$ s5sibility ( woman1 n h] und]/&+ or =ce ( m9d1 :i* r5d]s h] s em95tly fit to be int]e/$ 9 infancy1 :i* enables h] to surm\nt mat]nal pa9s by ! s5tim5t ( affection & pity1 & :i* makes agreeable to h] ! c>es & ! details ( h\sekeep+2 & x is ?is :i* sometimes r5d]s no?+ too irksome or too pa9ful = a "m1 a wife1 or a mi/ress1 to endure4 ,h5ce1 ! con/itution ( woman is p]fectly adapt$ to ^! functions2 h5ce1 h] exi/5ce is m s$5t>y ?an man's2 h5ce1 %e has m g5tl5ess ( "* ?an he2 & h5ce1 %e is less acqua9t$ ) great crimes4 ,! ,,?ird ,,modification1 !re=e1 ( ?is species ( beauty1 is t 9 :i* ! developm5t ( ! c]ebel or organ ( ! w1 z well z ! muscles :i* x actuates1 is proportionally small4 ,! situation ( ?is consid]able organ is 9 ! back & l[] "p ( ! head1 & may be pretty accurately indicat$ by say+1 t a l9e pass+ ?r\gh x w\ld complete1 po/]iorly1 a long] l9e pass+ backw>d f ! nose ?r\gh ! l[] "p ( ! e>4 ,:5 ?is organ1 :i* is t ( ! w1 is high1 & m especially :5 x is l>ge1 a det]m9ation & =ce seem to be giv5 by x to ! "*1 :i* r5d] x ! rev]se ( fem99e4 ,hav+ spok5 "h ( ! ready ex]cise ( ! w 9 woman1 & its adaptation to h] wi% to please1 x seems to be "h t "s circum/ances dep5dant on ^! %\ld be notic$4 ,) ?is ready ex]cise ( ! w & desire to please1 are evid5tly connect$ ! light c>elessness1 ! graceful ease1 & ! g5tle s(tness1 :i* add s mu* to ! p[] ( beauty4 ,h5ce1 arti/s give to woman ! b5d+ =m :i* associates s well ) all h] *>act]i/ics2 = all feel ) ,hog>? t undulat+ l9es are m or less =m$ 9 all movem5ts execut$ ) ! int5tion ( express+ s5tim5ts ( c\rtesy1 respect1 b5evol5ce1 or love4 ,b x is grace t we mu/ especially consid] "h--grace :i* directly emanates f ?is ready ex]cise ( ! w & desire to please1 especially :5 comb9$ ) obs]v+ faculties s p]fect & s p]petually active z ^? ( woman4 ,gracefulness1 says ,burke1 is an idea n v diff]5t f beauty2 x consi/s 9 mu* ! same ?+4444 ,gracefulness is an idea belong+ to po/ure & motion4 ,9 bo? ^!1 to be graceful1 x is requisite t !re be no appe>ance ( difficulty2 !re is requir$ a small inflexion ( ! body2 & a composure ( ! p>ts 9 su* a mann]1 z n to encumb] ea* o!r1 nor to appe> divid$ by %>p & sudd5 angles4 ,9 ?is ease1 ?is r\ndness1 ?is delicacy ( attitude & motion1 x is t all ! magic ( grace consi/s1 & :at is call$ 'je ne scais quoi4' ,x is n 9 ^! m]e physical qualities1 t all ! magic ( grace consi/s1 :i*1 9 ! /ate ( ,burke's k1 he might inde$ well call je ne scais quoi6 ,let ! read] he> :at is said on ?is subject by a man :o c\ld look a little deep] ?an ,burke1 & :o ow$ no fame to ! little art ( sub/itut+ a fla% ( words = dep? ( ?\ght1 & s]v+ by x a v5al purpose z little z ! art itself4 ,:at grace1 says ,smi?1 :at noble propriety d we n feel 9 ! conduct ( ^? :o ex]t t recollection & self-comm& :i* con/itute ! dignity ( e passion1 & :i* br+ x d[n to :at o!rs c ent] into6 ,we are disgu/$ ) t clamor\s grief1 :i*1 )\t any delicacy1 calls ^u our compassion ) sighs & te>s1 & importunate lam5tation4 ,b we rev]5ce t res]v$1 t sil5t & maje/ic sorr[1 :i* discov]s itself only 9 ! swell+ ( ! eyes1 9 ! quiv]+ ( ! lips & *eeks1 & 9 ! di/ant1 b affect+ address ( ! :ole behavior4 ,x imposes ! l sil5ce ^u u2 we reg>d x ) respectful att5tion1 & wat* ov] our :ole behavior1 le/1 by any impropriety1 we %\ld di/urb t conc]t$ tranquillity :i* x requires s great an ef=t to support4 ,?is is eloqu5ce1 inde$4 ,alison duly appreciates ?is e>lie/ def9ition ( grace4 ,x is1 he says1 ?is 'recollection & self-comm&1' :i* 9 su* sc5es con/itute :at ev5 9 common language is call$ ! graceful 9 behavior or deportm5t2 & x is ! expression ( ! same qualities 9 ! attitude & ge/ure1 :i* con/itutes1 9 my appreh5sion1 ! grace ( su* ge/ures or attitudes4444 ,:]ev]1 9 ! movem5ts ( ! =m1 self-comm& or self-possession is express$1 "s degree ( grace1 at lea/1 is always produc$4444 ,:5ev] 9 su* motions grace is actually p]ceiv$1 ,i ?9k x w always be f\nd to be 9 sl[1 &1 if ,i may use ! expression1 9 re/ra9$ or measur$ motions4 ,! motions ( ! horse1 :5 wild 9 ! pa/ure1 are beautiful2 :5 urg$ to 8 spe$1 & /ra9+ = victory1 !y may be felt z sublime2 b x is *iefly 9 movem5ts ( a diff]5t k9d t we feel !m z graceful1 :51 9 ! impati5ce ( ! field1 or 9 ! curvett+ ( ! manege1 he seems to be consci\s ( all ! p[]s ) :i* he is animat$1 & yet to re/ra9 !m1 f "s pr9ciple ( b5efic5ce or ( dignity4 ,e movem5t ( ! /ag almo/ is beautiful1 f ! f95ess ( 8 =m & ! ease ( 8 ge/ures2 yet x is n 9 ^! or 9 ! heat ( ! *ase t he is graceful3 x is :5 he pauses ^u "s em95ce 9 ! pursuit1 :5 he erects 8 cre/$ head1 & :51 look+ ) disda9 ^u ! enemy :o foll[s1 he b\nds to ! fre$om ( 8 hills4 ,x is n1 9 ! same mann]1 9 ! rapid spe$ ( ! eagle :5 he d>ts ^u 8 prey1 t we p]ceive ! grace ( :i* 8 motions are capable4 ,x is :5 he so>s sl[ly upw>d to ! sun1 or :5 he :eels ) easy & cont9u\s motion 9 airy circles 9 ! sky4 ,9 ! p]sonification :i* we naturally give to all inanimate objects :i* are susceptible ( movem5t1 we may easily p]ceive ! influ5ce ( ! same association4 ,we speak commonly1 = in/ance1 ( ! graceful motions ( trees1 & ( ! graceful movem5ts ( a riv]4 ,x is nev]1 h[ev]1 :5 ^! motions are viol5t or extreme1 t we apply to !m ! t]m ( grace4 ,x is ! g5tle wav+ ( ! tree 9 sl[ & measur$ cad5ce :i* is graceful1 n ! toss+ ( its bran*es amid ! /orm4 ,x is ! sl[ & easy w9d+ :i* is graceful 9 ! movem5ts ( ! riv]1 & n ! bur/ ( ! cat>act1 or ! fury ( ! torr5t4 ,x is only 9 ! p]fection ( ! human sy/em1 9 ! age :5 ! =m has assum$ all its p[]s1 & ! m9d is awake to ! consci\sness ( all ! capacities x possesses1 & ! l(ty obligations !y impose1 t ! reign ( physical grace comm5ces2 & t ! =m is capable ( express+1 "u ! dom9ion ( e passion or emotion1 ! high & habitual sup]iority :i* x possesses1 ei!r to ! allurem5ts ( pleasure or ! appreh5sions ( pa94 ,x is ?is age1 accord+ly1 :i* ! arti/s ( antiquity h uni=mly repres5t$1 :5 !y s\ght to display ! p]fection ( grace1 & :5 !y succe$$ 9 leav+ _! compositions z models ( ?is p]fection to e succe$+ age4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is evid5tly ! ,,union ( all t is good 9 ! v>ieties n[ describ$ :i* r5d]s beauty1 9 ! ?9k+ sy/em1 p]fect4 ,?is is well illu/rat$ 9 ! ,m9]va ( ! ,giu/9iani gall]y1 :i*1 9 ?is respect1 is sc>cely ! less valuable because x is drap$1 = x is ! head t ev] be>s ! greate/ impress ( intellectuality4 ,?is union is by no means p]fect 9 ! ,engli% female head1 al?\gh1 f ! consid]able developm5t ( ! =ehead & ! mod]ate "o ( ! backhead1 ! g5]al =m ( t head is beautiful4 ,z to ! ,fr5* female head1 a ,fr5*man1 writ+ "u ! "n ( ,c\nt ,/5dhal1 scruples n to say3 ,! =m ( ! head 9 ,p>is is ugly2 ! cranium approa*es to t ( ! ape2 & ?is occasions ! wom5 to h ! appe>ance ( age v e>ly 9 life4 ,! wom5 ( ,p>is diff] n1 9 ?is respect1 f ^? ( ,france g5]ally4 ,ne>ly all h ! "* "h describ$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is "u ?is species t ! n]v\s temp]am5t falls1 :i* is con/itut$ by great s5sibility & correspond+ mobility1 & !re=e belongs to ! fir/ & ! la/ ( ^? v>ieties2 a temp]am5t *iefly to be f\nd among wom54 ,?is temp]am5t sc>cely exi/s 9 ! a?letic1 is weak 9 ! phlegmatic1 is mod]ate 9 ! sangu9e1 & is r active 9 ! bili\s4 ,x is *>act]iz$ by ! smallness & ! emaciation ( ! muscles1 ! quickness & int5sity ( ! s5sations1 & ! sudd5ness & fickl5ess ( ! det]m9ations4 ,x is seldom natural1 b commonly dep5ds on a s$5t>y & inactive life1 on a diseas$ condition ( ! bra9 produc$ by read+ works ( imag9ation1 & on habits ( s5sual indulg5ce4 ,9 confirmation ( ?is1 we are told t ! ,roman ladies became subject to n]v\s affections only 9 consequ5ce ( ^? deprav$ mann]s :i* m>k$ ! decl9e ( ! empire2 & t ^! affections 7 extremely common 9 ,france 9 ! lic5ti\s times prec$+ ! fall ( ! corrupt & corrupt+ mon>*y4 ,ano!r p>tial view fall+ "u ?is species1 & prop]ly "u ! second v>iety1 is ! c]ebral temp]am5t1 :i* results f ! en]gy & influ5ce ( ! bra94 ,?is temp]am5t1 be+ ?us det]m9$ by an excess 9 ! p[] ( ! bra91 has be5 call$ ! temp]am5t ( g5ius4 ,:5 x is increas$ by education & habits1 ! o!r organs are g5]ally m feeble4 ,9 woman1 ! c]ebral temp]am5t is m p>ticul>ly *>act]iz$ by a pr$om9ance ( imag9ation1 :i* is evid5tly dep5dant on ! organization :i* has already be5 describ$4 ,x has be5 truly obs]v$1 t to contribute to ! p]fection ( reason z well z to ! pres]vation ( heal?1 ! bra9 ought to be ex]cis$ & develop$ 9 e direction2 t ! m]e ex]cise ( memory c>ri$ too f> r5d]s p]sons fooli%2 t ! pr$om9ance ( imag9ation disposes to n]v\s affections1 & ev5 to ali5ation2 t m$itation alt]s ! dige/ive functions2 & t ! dry & m9ute cont5tion :i* bus9ess requires1 disposes1 :5 jo9$ to a defect ( ex]cise 7& ,i may add ! v9\s excesses 9 :i* m5 ( bus9ess indulge71 to apoplexy & to p>alysis4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,beauty ,,( ,,! ,,face ,,9 ,,p>ticul>4 ,x is probable1 says ,dr4 ,pri*>d1 t ! natural idea ( ! beautiful 9 ! human p]son has be5 m or less di/ort$ 9 almo/ e nation4 ,peculi> *>act]s ( c\nt5ance1 9 _m c\ntries1 accid5tally ent] into ! ideal /&>d4 ,?is obs]vation has be5 made p>ticul>ly ( ! negroes ( ,africa1 :o are said to consid] a flat nose & ?ick lips z pr9cipal +r$i5ts ( beauty2 & we are in=m$ by ,pallas t ! ,kalmucs#dj e/eem no face z h&some1 :i* has n ! eyes 9 angul> position1 & ! o!r *>act]i/ics ( _! race4 ,! ,aztecs ( ,mexico h ev] pref]r$ a depress$ =ehead1#da :i* =ms ! /ronge/ contra/ to ! maje/ic cont\r ( ! ,grecian bu/s3 ! =m] repres5t$ _! div9ities ) a head m flatt5$ ?an x is ev] se5 among ! ,c>ibs1 & ! ,greeks1 on ! contr>y1 gave to _! gods & h]oes a /ill m unnatural elevation4 ,kn[+1 z ! read] n[ does1 :at con/itutes ! wor?1 ! dignity1 & ! beauty1 ( ! v>i\s organs1 ?is /atem5t t5ds to %[ ! value ( t /&>d ( beauty :i* we owe to ! ,greeks4 ,i proce$ to illu/rate x 9 reg>d to ! ,,face4 ,! beauty ( ! human c\nt5ance is describ$ by v>i\s writ]s1 z includ+ ! beauty ( =m1 9 ! v>i\s features ( ! face2 ! beauty ( color1 9 ! %ades ( ! complexion2 ! beauty ( "*1 9 "s di/9ctive & p]man5t relations2 & ! beauty ( expression1 9 "s imm$iate & tempor>y feel+4 ,9 reg>d to ! =m ( ! face1 consid]$ z a :ole1 ! op5+ ( ! facial angle ( ,camp]1 9 measur+ geometrically ! ext5t ( ! upp] "p ( ! head1 m>ks ! developm5t ( ! bra9 or organ ( ?\ght1 & %[s ! proportion :i* x be>s to ! middle & l[] "p ( ! face1 or to ! organs ( s5se & expression4 ,?is developm5t ( ! upp] "p ( ! head contributes ess5tially to beauty1 by giv+ to ! :ole head t pyri=m appe>ance already describ$1 by :i* 9 e view x is l>g] at ! sup]ior "p1 dim9i%es gradually z x desc5ds1 & t]m9ates by ! agreeable outl9e ( ! *94 ,9 ! mo/ beautiful race ( m51 ! facial angle ext5ds to eighty-five degrees1 acquir+ an increase ( t5 degrees above ! inf]ior v>ieties2 ! face is dim9i%$2 ! eyes are bett] plac$2 ! nose assumes a m elegant =m2 & all appe>ance ( muzzle vani%es4 ,9 ! ,greek ideal head1 ! developm5t pres5t+ a facial angle ( n9ety degrees1 conf]s ! highe/ beauty ( ! =m ( ! head1 ! maje/y ( ! =ehead1 ! position ( ! eyes ^u a l9e :i* divides ! face into two equal p>ts1 ! elegant projection ( ! nose1 ! abs5ce ( all tumidity ( ! lips4--,b ( t1 9 ! sequel4 ,9 ! face1 g5]ally1 z obs]v$ by ,w9ckelmann1 beauty ( =m dep5ds greatly ^u ! pr(ile1 & p>ticul>ly on ! l9e describ$ by ! =ehead & nose1 by ! great] or less degree ( ! concavity or declivity ( :i*1 beauty is increas$ or dim9i%$4 ,! ne>] ! pr(ile approa*es to a /raight l9e1 ! m maje/ic1 & at ! same "t s(t]1 does ! c\nt5ance appe>1 ! unity & simplicity ( ?is l9e be+1 z 9 ev]y?+ else1 ! cause ( ?is gr&1 yet s(t h>mony4 ,! face be+ ! seat ( sev]al organs1 ea* mu/ be exam9$ 9 its turn4 ,w9ckelmann obs]ves1 t a l>ge high ,,=ehead an excess1 9 ?is respect 0 reg>d$ by ! anci5ts z a de=mity4--,& ,arnobius says1 t ^? wom5 :o _h a high =ehead1 cov]$ a "p ( x ) a fillet4 ,! reason ( ?is w aft]w>d be po9t$ out4 ,! s5se ( ,,t\* resides 9 all p>ts ( ! face1 b especially 9 ! lips4 ,x is mo/ p]fect1 h[ev]1 at ! tips ( ! f+]s4 ,a ?9n] sk9 p]mits to ! t\* ( woman1 m vivacity1 delicacy1 & pr(\ndness4 ,x seizes ! details :i* g5]ally escape ! t\* ( man4 ,x is m easily hurt by h>d1 r\gh & angul>1 cold or hot bodies4 ,h5ce1 woman requires ve/m5ts :i* are light & smoo?2 & %e enjoys m ?an man ! pleasure ( repos+ on floccul5t sub/ances :i* s(tly resi/ h] pressure4 ,9 ! face1 ! lips are peculi>ly ! organ ( t\*4 ,( all ! organs ( s5se1 ! m\? admits1 ,i believe1 ( ! greate/ beauty & ! greate/ de=mity4 ,consid]$ 9 repose1 no?+ c]ta9ly is m lovely ?an ?is organ :5 beautifully =m$ 9 a beautiful woman4 ,& 9 action1 dur+ spee*1 ! simple/ words pass+ ?r\gh x receive a *>m altoge!r peculi>4 ,! m\? ought to be small1 & n to ext5d mu* beyond ! no/rils3 a l>ge m\? & ?ick lips are contr>y to beauty4 ,! curve ( ! upp] lip is said to h s]v$ z a model to ! anci5t arti/s = ! b[ ( ,love4 ,! l[] lip %\ld be mo/ develop$1 r\nd$ & turn$ outw>d2 s z to produce1 betwe5 x & ! *91 t beautiful holl[ :i* assi/s s mu* 9 giv+ ! latt] a m p]fect rotundity4 ,bo?1 b especially ! upp]1 %\ld become ?9 t[>d ! angle ( ! m\?4 ,al?\gh we see _m lips )\t evid5t & (f5sive defects1 !re are v few ( !m really beautiful2 & inde$ x is only p]sons ( great delicacy & ( ref9$ ta/e :o atta* ! highe/ value to p]fect beauty ( ! lips4 ,lips ( beautiful =m & ( v]million hue1 tee? :i* are small1 equal1 slightly r\nd$1 :ite1 clean1 & well arrang$1 & a pure brea?1 are ! circum/ances :i* con/itute a beautiful m\?4 ,! s5se ( ,,ta/e is m delicate & m exquisite 9 woman ?an 9 man4 ,%e accord+ly seeks = savors :i* are less r\gh & irritat+ ?an ^? :i* are agreeable to him4 ,! ,,nose is ! mo/ prom95t & conspicu\s feature ( ! face2 x is ! c5tral fix$ po9t ar\nd :i* are arrang$ all its o!r p>ts2 & x is ?us ess5tial to ! regul>ity ( ! features4 ,:5 ^!1 moreov]1 are 9 action1 ! nose1 by its immobility1 m>ks ! degree ( *ange :i* !y und]go1 & r5d]s intelligible all ! movem5ts produc$ by admiration1 joy1 sadness1 fe>1 c4 ,to p]fect beauty ( ! nose1 x is necess>y t x %\ld be ne>ly 9 ! same direction ) ! =ehead1 & %\ld unite ) t "p1 )\t leav+ m ?an a slight inflexion to be se54 ,?is con/itutes ! ,greek pr(ile2 & ! v>i\s degrees ( deviation f x con/itute1 z to ?is organ1 ! v>i\s deg5]ations f beauty ! mo/ consummate to ugl9ess ! mo/ disgu/+4 ,nature says ,w9ckelmann1 is sp>+ ( ?is beauty bo? 9 burn+ climates & 9 froz5 regions4#db ,! same writ] says3 ,! flat compress$ nose ( ! ,kalmucs1 ,*9ese1 & o!r di/ant nations1 is also a defect1 because x de/roys ! h>mony ( =ms1 accord+ to :i* all ! o!r p>ts are con/ruct$3 nor is !re any reason :y nature %\ld compress & holl[ x1 in/ead ( cont9u+ ! /raight l9e begun 9 ! =ehead4 ,! fact is true2 ! reason+ false1 z w be se5 9 a subsequ5t *apt]1 to :i* ?is po9t prop]ly belongs4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( passion1 ! no/rils exp& & are drawn upw>d2 & ^! two motions are ! only ones ( :i* ! l[] & moveable "p ( ! nose is capable4 ,! s5se ( smell1 l t ( ta/e1 is m delicate & m exquisite 9 woman ?an 9 man4 ,woman accord+ly enjoys m1 & suff]s m1 by t s5se ?an man does2 & its influ5ce is said to dispose h] m ?an man to ^? pleasures :i* h rem>kable relations to t s5se4 ,to beauty ( ! ,,eye1 magnitude & elongat$ =m contribute m p]haps ?an color3 if its =m be bad1 no color w r5d] x beautiful4 ,9 woman1 h[ev]1 ! mo/ beautiful eyes1 9 relation to color1 are ^? :i* appe> to be blue1 hazel1 or black4 ,b no color ( ! eye is beautiful )\t cle>ness 9 e "p4 ,! m obliquely1 & at an angle to ea* o!r1 says ,w9ckelmann1 t ! eyes are plac$1 z 9 cats1 ! m _! position is remov$ f ! base1 or f ! fundam5tal l9es ( ! human face1 :i* =m a cross t divides x into f\r p>ts1 ! nose divid+ x p]p5dicul>ly into two equal p>ts1 & ! eyes divid+ x horizontally4 ,:5 ! eyes are plac$ obliquely1 !y =m an angle ) a l9e p>allel to t :i* we suppose to pass ?r\gh _! c5tre4 ,& ?is inde$ is d\btless ! reason :y x displeases u to see a m\? :i* goes awry1 because x g5]ally (f5ds ! eye to see two l9es div]g+ f ea* o!r )\t any reason4 ,?us eyes plac$ obliquely1 z may be se5 sometimes among ourselves1 & commonly among ! ,*9ese1 ,japanese1 & 9 ,egyptian heads1 are an irregul>ity & a de=mity4 ,"h1 aga91 ,w9ckelmann's fact is true1 & 8 reason+ false1 or r1 p]haps1 sup]ficial4 ,! real cause ( ! de=mity ( obliquely-plac$ eyes is1 t ! vital p>ts ( ! head prepond]ate4 ,! cavities ( ! upp] jaw1 :i* op5 into ! int]nal nose1 are1 9 ! ,mongelic races1 s l>ge1 t !y raise ! *eek-bones1 ?r[ ! orbit upw>d at its lat]al "p1 & encroa* app>5tly ^u ! space :i* %\ld conta9 a nobl] organ1 ! bra94 ,! causes assign$ by ,w9ckelmann are b consequ5ces ( ?is4 ,! eyelids 9 woman1 :5 well =m$1 pres5t ! g5tle/ inflexions4 ,! eyela%es1 :5 long & silky1 =m a sign ( g5tl5ess1 & sometimes ( s(tness4 ,! eyebr[s ought to be furni%$ ) f9e hairs1 ar*$1 & sep>at$3 if !y are too ?91 !y d n suffici5tly protect ! organ ( sight3 if !y unite1 !y r5d] ! physiognomy sombre2 _! too-m>k$ approximation1 & _! extreme sep>ation1 are real de=mities4 ,! s5se ( sight 9 woman is rapid & active2 yet1 9 h]1 ! sl[ & languid motion ( ! eye is g5]ally employ$1 & is m beautiful ?an a brisk "o4 ,woman requires a mild light1 & colors ( mod]ate vividness1 r ?an o!rwise4 ,! beauty ( ! ,,e> is too little reg>d$4 ,to an exp]i5c$ eye x pres5ts great beauties1 & great de=mities1 9 =m1 magnitude1 & projection4 ,! size & prom95ce ( ! e>1 :i* *>act]ize sev]al nomadic tribes1 are contr>y to beauty1 n m]ely because !y alt] ! regul>ity ( ! oval ( ! head1 & sur*>ge its outl9e ) prom95ces1 b because !y are 9 !mselves ugly1 indicat+ r ! co>se /r5g? common to inf]ior animals ?an ! delicacy to be f\nd 9 man4 ,9 woman1 ! e> is also m delicate1 m s5sible1 b m feeble1 ?an 9 man4 ,/rong s\nds1 l\d noises1 :i* may be agreeable to ! e> ( man1 are (f5sive to h]4 ,%e pref]s s(t & t5d]1 gay1 or pa!tic music1 to e o!r2 & :atev] may be ! p]fection ( h] musical education1 %e also pref]s sweet & t5d] melody to ! mo/ complicat$ ,sclavonic h>mony4 ,su* are ! organs ( s5se or ^? ( impression1 :i* =m ! fir/ & mo/ important portion ( ! face ( woman4--,! organs ( expression1 ! ,,muscles ( ! face1 on ! contr>y1 are feeble 9 h]2 & correspond+ly feeble & r\nd$ are ! bony po9ts to :i* !y are atta*$4 ,woman pres5ts v little prom95ce ( ! frontal s9uses2 ! *eek-bones display beautiful curves2 ! edges ( ! alveoli conta9+ ! tee? are mu* m elliptical ?an 9 man2 & ! *9 is s(tly r\nd$4 ,( ! *91 x %\ld be obs]v$ t x is a di/9ctive "* ( ! human species1 & is n f\nd 9 any o!r animal4 ,:5 well =m$1 x is full1 unit$1 & g5]ally )\t a dimple2 & x passes g5tly & almo/ ins5sibly into ! neighbor+ p>ts4 ,9 woman especially1 ! *9 ought to be f9ely r\nd$2 = :5 project+1 x expresses1 ow+ to its connexion ) muscul> action & p[]1 a firmness & a det]m9ation :i* we d n wi% to discov] 9 h] "*4 ,! app>5t convexity ( ! *eeks1 says ,w9ckelmann1 :i* 9 _m heads appe>s great] ?an natural1 contributes to ?is rotundity3 x is n1 h[ev]1 ideal1 b tak5 f natural beauty4 ,! muscles ( ! face express all ! %ades ( emotion & passion1 n because su* expression is ! prim>y1 or ! prop] object ( _! motion1 b because _! v>i\s motions adapt ! organs to ! f>!r purposes requir$ ( !m 9 consequ5ce ( prec$+ impressions2 & ^! motions become expressive to u only because we are ?us enabl$ to inf] ! feel+ & purpose ( ! p]son 9 :om !y occur4 ,?is is a fundam5tal pr9ciple ( physiognomy2 & its n be+ und]/ood has l$ to _m ( our errors 9 t sci5ce4 ,9 woman1 ! c\nt5ance is m r\nd$1 z well z m abundantly furni%$ ) t cellul> &1 fatty tissue :i* fills all ! *asms1 effaces1 all ! angles1 & unites all ! p>ts by ! g5tle/ transitions4 ,at ! same "t1 ! muscles are feebl]1 m mobile1 resign$ = a %ort] "t to ! same contraction1 & z incon/ant z ! emotions & passions :i* _! rapid play expresses4 ,! result ( all ?is is1 t ! muscles d n pr(\ndly modify ! face1 :i* consequ5tly has n s mu* ( p]man5t "* z t ( a man1 & :i* p]mits u m difficultly to discov]1 ?r\gh ! r\nd$1 %ort1 & %ift+ p>ts1 ! nature ( h] v>i\s feel+s4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ! abundance ( ! cellul> tissue dim9i%es ) age1 & z ! s5tim5ts become at ! same "t less ephem]al1 ! physiognomical "* & expression ( woman become m decid$4 ,z to ,,color ( ! face1 x may be obs]v$ t ! =ehead1 ! temples1 ! eyelids1 ! nose1 ! upp] "p ( ! sup]ior lip1 & ! l[] "p ( ! inf]ior lip1 ought 9 woman to be ( a beautiful & r opaque :ite4 ,! approa* to ! *eeks & ! middle ( ! *9 ought to h a slight te9t ( rose-color1 & ! middle ( ! *eeks ought to be altoge!r rosy1 b ( a delicate hue4--,*eeks ( an animat$ :ite are pref]able to ^? ( a r$ color1 al?\gh less beautiful ?an ^? ( rosy hue4 ,) reg>d to ! ,,hair1 x may be obs]v$1 t sometimes1 ris+ f its bulbs1 x turns 9 irregul> r+s1 &1 by display+ a =ehead r l>ge1 conf]s a c]ta9 sangu9e1 z well z op5 air ^u ! physiognomy4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is mo/ frequ5tly se5 9 m51 & *iefly 9 m5 ( exub]ant vitality1 r ?an intellectuality3 x inde$ dep5ds entirely on ! =m]4 ,9 o!r m51 & almo/ always 9 wom51 ! hair g5]ally divides 9 a l9e ext5d+ f ! cr[n to ! =ehead1 & falls ov] ! temples4 ,! l9e ?us =m$1 unit+ ) ! m$ian l9e1 ( ! face 9 g5]al1 & t ( ! nose 9 p>ticul>1 gives to ! :ole ( ! features a peculi> symmetry & beauty4 ,i h said1 already1 t symmetry is a *>act]i/ic ( ?9k+ be+s1 & ,i h expla9$ ! reason ( ?is4 ,! pres5t case admirably illu/rates x4 ,?is symmetrical arrangem5t ( ! hair be/[s an intellectual air2 & x well may1 =1 :5 natural1 x d]ives its t5d5cy to fall on ea* side1 f ! top ( ! head1 ei!r f ! g5]al elevation ( ! calv>ium1 or f ! p>ticul> elevation ( ! =ehead1 :i* is *>act]i/ic ( beauty 9 woman4 ,x accord+ly ann\nces 9 ! individual high] obs]v+ faculties3 h5ce1 ! anci5t sculptors nev] omitt$ ?is 9 _! highe/ p]sonages3 h5ce1 we f9d x 9 ! heads ( ,raffaelle & ,guido4 ,a fair hue1 ,greek3 xan?os1 says ,w9ckelmann1 has ev] be5 reg>d$ z ! mo/ beautiful2 & flax5-color$ hair 0 assign$ to ! mo/ beautiful1 n only among ! gods1 z ,apollo ,greek3 *rysokoman ,apollna1 gold5-hair$ ,apollo & ,bac*us1 b also among ! h]oes3 ,alex&] ! ,great _h flax5 hair4 ,! mod]n ,italians call ,cupid ,il biondo ,dio4 ,hav+ conclud$ :at ,i h "h to say ( ! p>ts ( ! face1 ,i may obs]ve1 t ! diff]5t effects ( ! same face1 ev5 9 a /ate ( repose1 h (t5 be5 obs]v$1 nev] expla9$4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 9 ano!r "w1 %[n t ! face is compos$ ( motive1 nutritive1 & ?9k+ p>ts or organs4 ,n[1 circum/ances br+ ^! v>i\sly into action2 & ! diff]5t effects allud$ to1 9 reality dep5d on ! motive1 or ! nutritive1 or ! intellectual expression be+ at ! "t1 respectively1 mo/ app>5t1 or mo/ att5d$ to by u4 ,! /udy ( ?is subject1 :i* ,i h n space "h to develop1 is ( inf9ite importance to ! man ( ta/e1 ! physiognomi/1 & ! arti/4 ,! latt] _c easily excel )\t und]/&+ x4 ,ano!r curi\s fact1 n hi!rto obs]v$1 is1 t ?\gh beauty ( face is1 ow+ to ! p[] ( ! vital sy/em1 almo/ univ]sal at a c]ta9 age1 !re is always a faulty feature1 :i* ! physiognomi/ may obs]ve1 & :i* ev] cont9ues to exagg]ate1 until x t]m9ate 9 relative ugl9ess4 ,?us we sc>cely obs]ve ! long upp] lip dur+ y\?1 9 "s wom52 & yet x aft]w>d gives to !m ! sob] grimace ( baboons4 ,we admire 9 y\? ! _s ( ! pi]c+ eye1 & aquil9e nose 9 o!rs1 to :om ^! aft]w>d give ! look ( s _m old hawks4 ,9 o!rs1 /ill1 we are *>m$ ) ! r\nd1 rosy1 & innoc5t *eeks1 :i*1 :5 !y become pal] & m p5d5t1 conf] on !m ! aspect ei!r ( seals or ( ma/iffs1 accord+ to o!r circum/ances ( temp] & disposition4 ,i c\ld easily trace ^!1 & _m m1 f y\? to middle age1 & illu/rate !m conv9c+ly1 by draw+s3 b ,i h no room = x "h4 ,ea*1 inde$1 ( ! subjects ( ! two imm$iately prec$+ p>agraphs1 is wor?y ( a volume2 = ! fir/ is z ess5tial to all judgm5t ( exi/+ beauty at ! in/ant ( its be+ be=e u1 z ! second is to all presci5ce ( :at beauty w v soon be--to all :o h no love = a leap 9 ! d>k4 ,i add to ?is *apt] b a few words on ! v diff]5t organization ( ! head & face1 & ! v diff]5t m9d1 ( ! ,greeks & ,romans4 ,:oev]1 = ! purpose ( comp>+ ! heads ( ^! two nations1 may walk into ! ,briti% ,museum1 w be /ruck ) ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m4 ,! =ehead is almo/ always r n>r[1 & r high1 9 ! mo/ illu/ri\s ,greeks2 & ?is c\ld n s uni=mly h be5 s repres5t$1 9 sculpture1 unless x _h be5 s also 9 fact4 ,?is is v]ifi$1 9 ! ?ird room ( ! ,t[nley collection1 by ! heads ( ,hom]1 ,hippocrates1 ,epicurus1 ,p]icles1 c4--by ! almo/ univ]sal con=mation ( ,greek heads1 to :i* !re are b few exceptions3 ,sophocles1 9 ?is room1 & ,demo/h5es1 9 ! elev5?1 are r broad]4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! =ehead1 ! face1 ! jaws1 are excessively broad1 & ! cranium is depress$ & l[1 9 ! ,romans--9 ,sev]us1 ,n]o1 ,c>acalla1 c41 9 ! six? room1 & 9 ,tib]ius & ,augu/us1 9 ! elev5?2 nor is ?is ow+ to ! circum/ance t ^! g5]ally 7 m5 degrad$ 9 feel+ or intellect1 = ne>ly ! same configuration is f\nd 9 ,trajan1 ,hadrian1 c41 9 ! f\r?1 six?1 & o!r rooms4 ,! faces ( ! ,romans are n less ugly ?an _! heads2 & ^? ( _! wom5 are absolutely dete/able1 z may be se5 9 ,fau/9a1 ,plautilla1 ,sab9a1 ,domitia1 c41 9 ! six? ( ^! rooms4 ,if f>!r illu/ration ( ?is be want+1 x may be f\nd 9 ! circum/ance t1 :ile ! ,greeks pref]r$ ! r high =ehead1 & inv5t$ ! ideal "o1 ! ,romans1 on ! contr>y1 pref]r$ a little =ehead & unit$ eyebr[s4 ,ovid assures u t ! wom5 ( 8 "t pa9t$ _! eyebr[s 9 su* a mann]1 t !y might appe> to =m only "o4 ,9 ! "w s (t5 ref]r$ to1 ,i h %[n t ! int5sity ( functions is z ! l5g? ( _! organs1 & ! p]man5ce ( functions z ! bread? ( _! organs4 ,no tru? c be bett] illu/rat$ ?an ?is is1 9 ! organization & ! faculties ( ! ,greeks & ,romans4 ,) ! high] & l>g] head ( ! ,greeks 0 unit$ an int5sity ( g5ius1 :i* no o!r p has yet rivall$2 & ) ! broad] head ( ! ,romans1 a p]sev]ance1 equally ob/9ate & unfeel+1 :i* has be5 simil>ly unrivall$4 ,a good illu/ration ( ! vaunt$ ,roman virtue is record$ 9 ,porcia1 ! daught] ( ,cato1 ! wife ( ,brutus1 :o plung$ a toilet-knife into h] ?igh1 & kept x eight days 9 ! w\nd1 )\t compla9+1 to prove to h] husb& t h] c\rage & h] discretion r5d]$ h] wor?y ( ent]+ into ! conspiracy1 :i* he m$itat$2 & :o also de/roy$ h]self by swall[+ burn+ coals1 :5 %e he>d ( 8 defeat4 ,ob/9acy & ins5sibility 7 great s\rces ( ! crimes ei!r p]petrat$1 or1 by _! ly+ hi/orians1 pret5d$ to be p]petrat$1 "u ! "n ( ,roman virtue4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x w\ld be out ( place1 "h1 to ent] f>!r into ! "* & expression ( ! face4 ,^? :om ^! rem>ks dispose to d s1 may ref] to ! physiognomical "w1 :i* ,i h be5 s (t5 compell$ to allude to4#dc ,to ^? :o are satisfi$1 nei!r ) ! vague1 ?\gh ta/eful inspirations ( ,lavat]1 nor ) ! empyrical or unreason$ manife/ations ( ,gall & ,spurzheim1 b :o desire ! assignm5t ( a reason = e description ( physiognomical "* or expression1 t "w may af=d "s satisfaction4 ,t ! ,greeks1 ei!r intuitively or reason$ly1 di/+ui%$ ! ?ree species ( beauty z to ! figure1 has be5 already se54 ,! heads ( ,diana1 ,v5us1 & ,m9]va1 respectively pres5t beauty ( ! locomotive1 vital1 & m5tal sy/ems4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,comb9ations ,,& ,,transitions ,,( ,,! ,,?ree ,,species ,,( ,,female ,,beauty4 ,z to ! ,,comb9ations ( beauty1 x mu/ n[ be obs]v$1 t "s "o ( ^! species ( beauty always *>act]ize ! same individual dur+ e /age ( life2 &1 to ! exp]i5c$ obs]v]1 x nev] is difficult to say :i* ( !m pr$om9ates4 ,att5tion to ! prec$+ pr9ciples w r5d] ?is easy4 ,x is "r to m5tion "h ! cause ( ?is g5]al pr$om9ance ( "o species ( beauty ov] ! re/4 ,x dep5ds on ?is1 t ! slighte/ orig9al or accid5tal prepond]ance ( /r5g? 9 "o sy/em above t ( ! re/1 ?\gh unobs]v$ at fir/1 leads to a m frequ5t employm5t ( its functions1 & !re=e to a m p]fect developm5t ( its organs1 until at la/ ! disproportion betwe5 ^! & ^? ( ! o!r sy/ems1 becomes *>act]i/ic ( ! individual4 ,9 a truly beautiful woman1 none ( ! sy/ems describ$ c exi/ 9 a great degree ( degradation2 b ( ! ?ree1 ! nutritive or vital sy/em is to woman ! mo/ ess5tial4 ,9 ,engl&1 f ?irty to =ty is g5]ally ! age ( its highe/ p]fection4 ,x (t51 h[ev]1 occurs1 t two1 or ev5 ! :ole ( ^! species ( beauty1 are bl5d$ 9 consid]able p]fection4 ,9 ^? females 9 :i* x is f\nd1 ! locomotive sy/em is well develop$ 9 ! l5g? & elegance ( ! limbs2 ! vital or nutritive sy/em ev]y:]e pres5ts s(t =ms1 & r\nds bo? body & limbs2 & ! m5tal or ?9k+ sy/em displays a capability ( grace 9 action1 not)/&+ ! con/ra9$ attitude assum$ to conceal ! face4 ,al?\gh !re c inde$ be no great degree ( beauty 9 :i* ?is comb9ation is n m or less ! case1 yet a union ( all ! ?ree species ( beauty1 9 ! greate/ compatible degree1 is to be f\nd only 9 "s ( ^? immortal images ( ideal beauty1 :i* 7 creat$ by ! g5ius & ! *isel ( ! ,greeks4 ,hav+ briefly spok5 ( ^! comb9ations1 ,i may notice also ^? comb9ations :i* simil>ly occur among ! temp]am5ts1 :i*1 z already said1 con/itute p>tial views ( ! v>ieties ,i h be5 describ+4 ,9 relation to a comb9ation ( ! phlegmatic & n]v\s temp]am5t1 ,i may ref] to ,ri*]&1 :o says1 t1 among ! mod]ns1 ! easy ,mi*ael ,montaigne1 all ( ^: passions 7 s mod]ate1 :o reason$ on ev]y?+1 ev5 on feel+1 0 truly pituit\s4 ,b 9 him ! pr$om9ance ( ! lymphatic sy/em 0 n c>ri$ s f>1 b t he jo9$ to x a good deal ( n]v\s susceptibility4 ,( wom51 m especially1 x is obs]v$1 t !y r>ely pres5t examples ( ! lymphatic temp]am5t1 unmodifi$ by n]v\s mobility2 :5ce come extreme vivacity 9 ! s5sations ) great feebl5ess1 det]m9ations equally precipitate & un/eady1 excit$ imag9ation & ephem]al ta/es1 absolute w1 c4 ,! sangu9e temp]am5t is simil>ly comb9$ ) ! n]v\s "o4 ,h5ce1 ! physiologi/ above quot$ says1 t to ! extreme love ( pleasure1 sangu9e m5 jo91 :5 circum/ances require x he %\ld h said1 9 "s cases1 great elevation ( ?\ght & "*1 & c br+ into action ! highe/ tal5ts 9 e dep>tm5t3 ! hi/ory ( ,h5ry ,,iv41 ( ,mirabeau1 & o!rs1 proves t4 ,! anci5ts gave ! "n ( bili\s1 to a temp]am5t 9 :i* ! sangu9e\s sy/em is en]getic1 ! pulse /rong1 h>d1 & frequ5t1 ! subcutane\s ve9s prom95t1 ! developm5t ( ! liv] excessive1 ! sup]abundance ( bile rem>kable1 ! s5sibility easily excit$1 yet capable ( dwell+ ^u "o object1 ! passions viol5t1 ! movem5ts abrupt & impetu\s1 & ! "* inflexible4 ,?is is evid5tly a v comp\nd temp]am5t1 & %\ld nev] h be5 class$1 any m ?an ! two prec$+1 ) ! simple temp]am5ts1 ! a?letic or muscul>1 ! phlegmatic or lymphatic1 ! sangu9e1 & ! n]v\s1 :i* ,i h notic$ "u ! heads to :i* !y belong4 ,9 p]sons ( ?is temp]am5t1 ! sk9 is ( a yell[i% br[n1 ! hair black1 ! muscles m>k$1 ! =m h>%ly express$4 ,bold 9 ! conception ( a project1 says ,ri*]&1 con/ant & indefatigable 9 its execution1 x is among m5 ( ?is temp]am5t1 t we f9d ^? :o1 9 diff]5t ages1 h gov]n$ ! de/9ies ( ! _w3 full ( c\rage1 boldness1 & activity1 !y h signaliz$ !mselves by great virtues or great crimes1 & h be5 ! t]ror or admiration ( ! univ]se4 ,su* 7 ,alex&]1 ,julius ,ces>1 ,brutus1 ,mahomet1 ,*>les ,,xii41 ! ,cz> ,pet]1 ,cromwell1 ,sixtus ,v41 ,c>d9al ,ri*elieu &1 he %\ld h add$1 ,bonap>te4444 ,to atta9 to results ( su* importance1 ! pr(\nde/ dissimulation & ! mo/ ob/9ate con/ancy are equally necess>y2 & ^! are ! mo/ em95t qualities ( ! bili\s4 ,a /ill m comp\nd temp]am5t is ! melan*olic1 9 :i* disease is add$ to ! bili\s temp]am5t1 a d]angem5t ( ! functions ( ! n]v\s sy/em1 & ! diseas$ ob/ruction ( "s "o ( ! organs ( ! abdom51 s t ! nutritive functions are feebly or irregul>ly p]=m$1 ! b[els sluggi%1 ! pulse h>d & contract$1 ! excretions difficult1 ! imag9ation gloomy1 ! disposition suspici\s4 ,9 p]sons ( ?is temp]am5t1 ! sk9 is ( a /ill deep] hue1 & ! look uneasy & gloomy4 ,r\sseau & ,tib]ius are excell5t examples ( ?is temp]am5t1 z associat$ ) g5ius & virtue 9 "o1 & ) truly royal vice 9 ! o!r4 ,9 wom51 ?is temp]am5t is r>ely s int5se z 9 m54 ,( ! ,,transitions ( beauty1 ,i h n[ to obs]ve1 t1 ?\gh "o species ( beauty always *>act]izes ! same individual dur+ e /age ( life1 yet x is rem>kable1 t ! "y woman 7:atev] species ( beauty pr$om9ates7 has always a t5d5cy to beauty ( ! locomotive sy/em2--t ! middle-ag$ woman has always a t5d5cy to beauty ( ! nutritive sy/em2--& t ! woman ( advanc$ age has always a t5d5cy to beauty ( ! ?9k+ sy/em4 ,"s wom5 w\ld seem1 9 ! progress ( life1 to pass ?r\gh all ^! sy/ems 7& ! m p]fect ! :ole organization1 ! m w ?is seem to be ! case72 b ! accurate obs]v] w always see ! pr$om9ance ( ! same sy/em4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,proportion1 ,,"*1 ,,expression1 ,,etc4 ,w9ckelmann says3 ,i _c imag9e beauty )\t ! ,,proportion :i* is always its f\ndation4--,! draw+ ( ! nak$ figure is f\nd$ ^u ! idea & ! k ( beauty2 & ?is idea consi/s p>tly 9 measures & relations1 & p>tly 9 =ms1 ! beauty ( :i* 01 z ,cic]o obs]ves1 ! object ( ! fir/ ,grecian arti/s3 ! latt] det]m9e ! figure2 ! =m] fix ! proportions4 ,! great v>iety ( proportions pres5t$ by ! human body causes mu* difficulty 9 det]m9+ ) precision :at are ! be/4 ,! difficulty becomes q insurm\ntable if we attempt to assign precise dim5sions to ! details ( configuration or to m9ute p>ts4 ,_m circum/ances are oppos$ to ! exactness ( ^! measures4 ,ev5 9 ! same p]son1 "o "p is r>ely 9 all respects simil> to ! correspond+ "p2 we are tall] 9 ! morn+ ?an 9 ! ev5+2 & ! proportions *ange at diff]5t p]iods ( life4 ,9 diff]5t individuals1 ! diff]5ces are /ill m evid5t4 ,moreov]1 habits1 pr(essions1 trades1 all unite to oppose regul>ity 9 ! proportions4 ,x has f>!r be5 obs]v$ t1 9 ! con=mation ( woman1 bo? z reg>ds ! :ole & z reg>ds ! v>i\s p>ts1 nature /ill m r>ely approa*es det]m9ate proportions ?an 9 man4 ,x is rem>k$ by ,hog>?1 ^: views ,i n[ abridge1 t 9 society we e day he> wom5 pron\nce p]fectly correct op9ions z to ! proportions ( ! neck1 ! bosom1 ! h&s1 & ! arms ( o!r wom51 :om !y h an int]e/ 9 obs]v+ ) sev]ity4 ,x is evid5t t1 = su* an exam9ation1 !y ought to be capable ( seiz+1 ) great precision1 ! relation ( l5g? & ?ickness1 & ( foll[+ ! slight s9uosities1 ! swell+s1 ! depressions1 almo/ ins5sible & cont9ually v>y+1 at ! surface ( ! p>ts obs]v$4 ,if s1 x is c]ta9ly 9 ! p[] ( a man ( sci5ce1 ) z obs]v+ an eye1 to g /ill f>!r1 & conceive _m o!r necess>y circum/ances conc]n+ proportion4 ,b he says3 ,?\gh mu* ( ?is matt] may be easily und]/ood by common obs]vation1 assi/$ by sci5ce1 /ill ,i fe> x w be difficult to raise a v cle> idea ( :at con/itutes or composes ! utmo/ beauty ( proportion4444 ,we %all soon f9d t x is *iefly to be effect$ by means ( ! nice s5sation we naturally h ( :at c]ta9 quantities or dim5sions ( p>ts are fitte/ to produce ! utmo/ /r5g? = mov+ or support+ great weights1 & ( :at are mo/ fit = ! utmo/ light agility1 z also = e degree1 betwe5 ^! two extremes4 ,aft] "s illu/rations ( ?is1 :i* naturally leave ! me?od v vague1 he adds3 ,i am appreh5sive t ?is "p ( my s*eme1 = expla9+ exact proportion1 may n be ?\ght s suffici5tly det]m9ate z c\ld be wi%$4 ,s t ,hog>?'s me?od z to proportions1 bo? g5]al & p>ticul>1 r$uces itself to ! employm5t ( ! eye & ! nice s5sation we h ( quantities or dim5sions4 ,b ! ,greek arti/s _h n only done :at ,hog>? ?us vaguely speaks (1 b advanc$ mu* f>!r2 & inde$ all t has be5 done on ?is important subject belongs r to ! hi/ory ( art ?an t ( nature4 ,x is n1 says ,buffon1 by ! comp>ison ( ! body ( "o man ) t ( ano!r man1 or by measures actually tak5 9 a great numb] ( subjects1 t we c acquire ?is k t ( proportion3 x is by ! ef=ts :i* h be5 made exactly to copy & imitate nature2 x is to ! art ( design t we owe all t we "k 9 ?is respect4 ,feel+ & ta/e h done all t me*anics c\ld n d2 ! rule & ! compass h be5 quitt$ 9 ord] to pr(it by ! eye2 all ! =ms1 all ! outl9es1 & all ! p>ts ( ! human body1 h be5 realiz$ 9 m>ble2 & we h kn[n nature bett] by ! repres5tation ?an by nature itself4 ,x is by great ex]cise ( ! art ( design & by an exquisite s5tim5t1 t great /atu>ies h succe$$ 9 mak+ u feel ! j proportions ( ! works ( nature4 ,! ,greeks h =m$ su* admirable /atues1 t ) "o cons5t !y are reg>d$ z ! mo/ exact repres5tation ( ! mo/ p]fect human body4 ,^! /atues1 :i* 7 only copies f man1 are become orig9als1 because ^! copies 7 n made f any individual1 b f ! :ole human species well obs]v$1 s well inde$1 t no man has be5 f\nd ^: figure is s well proportion$ z ^! /atues3 x is !n f ^! models t ! measures ( ! human body h be5 tak54 ,x is n[ necess>y to lay be=e ! read] ! pr9ciples ( ! ,greeks1 z to ! proportions ( ! human body4 ,mu* has be5 well done on ?is subject by ,w9ckelmann1 ,bossi1 & o!rs2 b1 at ! same "t1 f want ( enl>g$ anatomical & physiological views1 !y h ov]look$ "s fundam5tal consid]ations1 & h fail$ to unravel ! greate/ difficulties :i* ! subject pres5ts4 ,t ! read] may be satisfi$ ( ! accuracy ( my repres5tations1 ,i %all lay ! /atem5ts ( ^! writ]s be=e him 9 _! own words1 r5d]+ !m only z succ9ct z possible4#dd ,( ! fir/ epo* ( art among ! ,etruscans & ,greeks1 ,m5gs says3 ,!y pref]r$ ! mo/ necess>y ?+s to ^? :i* 7 less s2 & !re=e !y direct$ _! att5tion fir/ to ! muscles1 & next to proportion1 ^! con/itut+ ! two p>ts ! mo/ useful & necess>y ( ! human =m2 & ?is is1 ?r\gh\t1 ! "* ( _! primitive ta/e4 ,all ?is we obs]ve 9 hi/ory1 & 9 ! div9e & human figures :i* !y h repres5t$4 ,9 ^! figures1 he f>!r obs]ves1 we f9d a proportion1 impossible to be kn[n & practis$1 )\t an art :i* furni%es sure rules4 ,^! rules c\ld n be f\nd$ o!rwise ?an 9 proportion1 :i* 0 inv5t$ & practis$ by ! ,greeks4 ,9 ?is1 ,flaxman agrees1 :5 he says3 ,x mu/ n be suppos$ t ^? simple geometrical =ms ( body & limbs1 9 ! div9ities & h]oes ( antiquity1 dep5d$ ^u accid5tal *oice1 or bl9d & ignorant arbitration4 ,!y are1 on ! contr>y1 a consequ5ce ( ! /rict & ext5sive exam9ation ( nature1 ( rational inquiry into its mo/ p]fect organization & physical well-be+1 express$ 9 outw>d appe>ance4 ,t ! ,greeks1 says ,bossi1 wrote mu* on ?is subject _! doctr9e respect+ symmetry we h ample evid5ce 9 ,pl9y1 ,vitruvius himself1 ,philo/ratus ! y\ng]1 & o!rs4 ,polycletus did n conf9e himself to giv+ a comm5t>y ^u ?is fundam5tal po9t1 b1 9 illu/ration ( 8 treatise1 accord+ to ,gal51 made an admirable /atue t confirm$ ! precepts laid d[n 9 ! "w2 & ',! ,rule ( ,polycletus1' ! "n giv5 to ?is /atue1 became s fam\s = its beauty1 t x pass$ into a prov]b to express a p]fect body1 z we may f9d 9 ,lucian4 ,b ( s _m writ+s1 :i* ought at lea/ to equal ! works t rema9 to u1 & probably 7 sup]ior1 inasmu* z x is easi] to lay d[n precepts ?an to put !m 9 execution--( s _m treatises1 ,i say1 n a fragm5t rema9s except ! few l9es ( ,vitruvius1 nor is !re1 n[1 any hope t a ve/ige w be f\nd1 unless some?+ may rema9 = po/]ity among ! papyri ( ,h]culaneum4 ,n[1 to approa* to ! anci5ts 9 excell5ce is q impossible1 until "s "o %all expla9 ! great pr9ciples on :i* !y act$4 ,assur$ly !y are1 9 "s ( ! mo/ important respects1 unkn[n at pres5t4 ,s]vile imitation w nev] answ] ! purpose2 & to le>n z ! anci5ts did1 & rea* p]fection1 p]haps1 9 z _m ages1 is n v rational1 :5 we c avail ourselves ( _! practice to discov] _! pr9ciples4 ,i w1 9 ?is *apt]1 endeavor to po9t out "s ( ^! pr9ciples 9 ! practice ( art1 z ,i h already done 9 ! g5]al !ory ( beauty4 ,x is probable1 says ,w9ckelmann1 t ! ,grecian arti/s1 9 imitation ( ! ,egyptians1 _h fix$1 by well-det]m9$ rules1 n only ! l>ge/1 b ev5 ! v smalle/ proportions1 & ! measure ( ! l5g? prop] to e age & to e k9d ( cont\r2 & probably all ^! rules 7 le>n$ by "y p]sons1 f books t treat$ ( symmetry4 ,^! rules1 we "k1 7 ( ?ree k9ds--num]ical1 geometrical1 & h>monic2 & we %all see1 9 ! sequel1 t ! loss ( !m has be5 mu* deplor$4 ,x is n a little curi\s1 h[ev]1 t ! num]ical & geometrical me?ods are1 9 "s measure1 actually practis$ ev5 at ! pres5t day1 & t ! h>monic me?od 7! loss ( :i* has caus$ ! greate/ confusion7 is easily d$ucible f anatomical & physiological pr9ciples1 z ,i %all endeavor to %[4 ,z to ! ,,num]ical ,,me?od1 x is evid5tly t ( :i* ,vitruvius has pres]v$ "s notions1 & :i* is at pres5t practis$ by arti/s4 ,z x is ! pa9t]'s bus9ess1 says ,bossi1 to imitate a great v>iety ( human bodies1 & z ! diff]5ce ( p>ts 9 beautiful bodies is g5]ally slight1 & becomes1 z x 71 imp]ceptible1 9 ! mo/ usual imitations less ?an life1 ,leon>do p]ceiv$ x 0 necess>y = ! arti/ to use a g5]al measure1 = ! purpose ( prep>+ hi/orical compositions quickly4 ,he requir$ t ! figure to be employ$ %\ld be c>efully select$ on ! model ( "s natural body1 ! proportions ( :i* 7 g5]ally consid]$ beautiful4--,?is measure1 he requir$1 %\ld be employ$ solely = l5g?1 & n = wid?1 :i* requires m evid5t v>iety4 ,x has be5 obs]v$1 says ,flaxman1 t ,vitruvius1 f ! writ+s ( ! mo/ em95t ,greek pa9t]s & sculptors1 in=ms u t !y made _! figures eight heads high1 or t5 faces1 & he in/ances diff]5t p>ts ( ! figure measur$ accord+ to t rule1 :i* ! great ,mi*ael ,angelo adopt$1 z we see by a pr9t f a draw+ ( 84 ,w9ckelmann1 h[ev]1 %[s t ! foot s]v$ ! ,greeks z a measure = all _! l>g] dim5sions1 & t _! sculptors regulat$ _! proportions by x1 9 giv+ six times its l5g?1 z ! model ( ! human figure4 ,vitruvius says1 ,pes v]o altitud9is corporis sext4 ,! foot1 says ,w9ckelmann1 :i* among ! anci5ts 0 us$ z ! /&>d ( measures ( e magnitude 7= a giv5 measure ( fluids 0 also call$ by ?is "n71 0 v useful to sculptors 9 fix+ ! proportions ( ! body1 & ) reason2 = ! foot 0 a m det]m9ate measure ?an t ( ! head or face1 ( :i* ! mod]ns g5]ally make use4 ,! anci5t arti/s regulat$ ! size ( _! /atues by ! l5g? ( ! foot1 mak+ !m1 accord+ to ,vitruvius1 six times ! l5g? ( ! foot4 ,^u ?is pr9ciple1 ,py?agoras det]m9$ ! height ( ,h]cules1 by ! l5g? ( ! feet ) :i* he measur$ ! ,olympic /adium at ,elis4 ,?is proportion ( six to "o betwe5 ! foot & ! body1 is f\nd$ ^u exp]i5ce ( nature1 ev5 9 sl5d] figures3 x is f\nd correct1 n only 9 ! ,egyptian /atues1 b also 9 ! ,grecian2 & x w be discov]$ 9 ! great] "p ( ! anci5t figures :]e ! feet are pres]v$4 ,we w\ld n omit m5tion+1 says ,bossi1 ! errone\s op9ion ( ^?1 :o e/eem ! feet ( females beautiful 9 proportion to _! smallness4 ,! beauty ( ! feet consi/s 9 ! h&som5ess & neatness ( _! %ape1 n 9 _! be+ %ort1 or extremely small3 7 x o!rwise1 ! feet ( ! ,*9ese & ,japanese wom5 w\ld be beautiful1 & ^? ( ! ,v5us de ,m$ici frightful4 ,su*1 !n1 is evid5tly ! num]ical me?od ( ! anci5ts4--,( ! ,,geometrical ,,me?od1 we h _m illu/rations4 ,a man /&+ upright1 ) 8 arms ext5d$1 is1 z ,leon>do da ,v9ci has %[n1 enclos$ 9 a squ>e1 ! extreme ext5t ( 8 arms be+ equal to 8 height4 ,?is is evid5tly ! mo/ g5]al measure ( ! latt] k9d4 ,( ! latt] k9d1 also1 is ,camp]'s ellipsis = measur+ ! relative size ( ! %\ld]s 9 ! male1 & ! pelvis 9 ! female4 ,s also is ! measure f ! c5tre ( "o mamm to t ( ! o!r1 z equal to ! di/ance f ea* to ! pit ov] ! brea/-bone4 ,we n[ approa* ! *ief difficulty1 :i* evid5tly =m$ a /umbl+-block ev5 to ,leon>do da ,v9ci--t ,,h>monic ,,me?od :i*1 /range z x may appe>1 w be f\nd to af=d rules t are at once p]fectly precise1 & yet inf9itely v>iable4 ,! app>5t impossibility inde$ ( su* a rule seems to h emb>rass$ e "o4 ,& ! /atem5t :i* ,bossi makes 9 reg>d to ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 9 ?is respect1 is exce$+ly int]e/+4 ,he ?\ght1 says ,bossi1 b little ( any g5]al measure ( ! species2 & t ! true proportion admitt$ by him1 & ackn[l$g$ to be ( difficult inve/igation1 is solely ! proportion ( an individual 9 reg>d to himself1 :i*1 accord+ to true imitation1 %\ld be diff]5t 9 all ! individuals ( a species1 z is ! case 9 nature4 ,?us1 says he1 'all ! p>ts ( any animal %\ld correspond ) ! :ole2 t :i* is %ort & ?ick1 %\ld h e memb] %ort & ?ick2 t :i* is long & ?91 e memb] long & ?92 & t :i* is betwe5 ! two1 memb]s ( a proportionate size4' ,f ?is & o!r precepts1 x foll[s1 t1 :5 he speaks ( proportion1 he is to be und]/ood z ref]r+ to ! h>mony ( ! p>ts ( an individual1 & n to ! g5]al rule ( imitation 9 ref]5ce to dim5sions4--,h[ cle>ly 7not)/&+ ! error z to all be+ %ort & ?ick7 does ?is po9t to ! h>monic me?od ( proportion =?) to be expla9$8 ,x w\ld seem he felt )9 himself t he did n rea* ! p]fection ( ^? wond]ful anci5ts ( :om he pr(ess$ himself ! admir] & disciple4 ,x became1 !re=e1 ,leon>do's p>ticul> c>e & /udy to approa* z ne>ly z he c\ld to ! anci5ts 9 ! true imitation ( beautiful nature "u ! guidance ( philosophy4 ,b :e!r f want ( great examples1 or f n suffici5tly p5etrat+1 z he himself ?\ght1 into ^! artifices1 or f compreh5d+ !m too late1 he mode/ly lam5ts t he did n possess ! anci5t art ( proportions4 ,he !n prote/s t he has done ! little he 0 able to d1 & asks p>don ( po/]ity t he has n done m4 ,su* are ! s5tim5ts t ,plat9o exhibits 9 ! foll[+ epitaph3 ,leon>dus ,v9cia 7sic7 ,flor5t9us ,/atu>ius ,pictor que nobilissimus de se p>ce loquitur4 ,non sum ,lysippus2 nec ,apelles2 nec ,policletus1 ,nec ,zeuxis2 nec sum nobilis re ,myron4 ,sum ,flor5t9us ,leon>dus ,v9cia proles2 ,mirator vet]um discipulusque memor4 ,defuit una mihi symmetria prisca3 p]egi ,quod potui3 v5iam da mihi po/]itas4 ,x is evid5t t ^! s5tim5ts are n to be attribut$ to ! imag9ation ( ! poet4 ,bossi1 hav+ no glimpse ( ! great pr9ciples = :i* ,leon>do s\ght 9 va91 says3 ,s9ce1 !n1 ?is great man c\ld n satisfy himself 9 ! difficult task ( dim5sions1 :ile on o!r po9ts he seems to dread no c5sure1 x %\ld give u a /rong idea ( ! difficulty ( det]m9+ ! laws ( beautiful symmetry1 & pres]v+ x 9 works ) t h>mony :i* is felt1 b _c be expla9$1 & :i* v>ies 9 e figure1 accord+ to ! age1 circum/ances1 & p>ticul> "* ( ea*4 ,& :5 we recollect t1 ?\gh ,leon>do s\ght successfully 9 ,vitruvius ! proportions :i* ,vitruvius himself seems to h drawn f ! ,greeks1 he yet lam5t$ t he did n possess ! anci5t symmetry1 x is easily se5 t he did n mean by ?is sci5ce1 z already /at$1 a det]m9ate g5]al measure = man1 b t h>mony ( p>ts :i* is suit$ to ea* individual1 accord+ to ! respective circum/ances ( sex1 age1 "*1 & ! l4 ,aga91 h[ cle>ly does ?is po9t to ! h>monic me?od ( proportion to be pres5tly expla9$6 ,b1 ,bossi proce$s1 h[ difficult x is to comb9e ! beautiful & elegant1 ) easy & h>monic measures1 may be judg$ f ! va9 attempts ( _m o!rwise +5i\s m51 z ,i w "h relate = ! b5efit ( arti/s4 ,! difficulty w be /ill m evid5t if we reflect h[ ardu\s a task x is to make ! proportions t ! ,greeks d5om9at$ num]ical1 h>monic1 & geometrical1 agree toge!r1 & to apply !m ?us agree+1 to ! =mation ( rules & measures ( a visible object s v>i\s 9 its compon5t p>ts z ! human body4--,9 despair1 ,bossi tries to %[ its absolute impossibility6 ,9 ! second place1 to p5etrate completely ! natural reason ( ! proportions ( ! human body1 w\ld require a k ( physics1 :i* x is n 9 man's p[] to obta94 ,! univ]sal equilibrium ( ! num]\s con/itu5t p>ts ( ! human ma*9e1 e "o ( :i* em95tly atta9s ! end = :i* x 0 de/9$1 )\t int]rupt+ ! c\rse t e o!r "p takes to its respective end1 9 :i* true proportion seems to consi/1 is m easily /at$ ?an und]/ood4 ,& ev5 if an arti/ c\ld arrive at su* a k ( man z to be able1 s to speak1 to compose him1 he w\ld h done b little1 because he w\ld h made b "o man4 ,by ! alt]ation ( only "o ( ! inf9ite p>ts t compose ! human frame1 ! equilibrium & respective relation ( ! o!rs are necess>ily alt]$3 9 %ort1 ea* sep>ate individual w\ld be ! subject ( a totally new /udy4 ,e human habit1 ( :atev] nature x may be1 has an influ5ce ov] ! human figure1 & f ! indef9able v>iety & incalculable mixture ( su* habits1 !re results an inf9ite v>iety ( figures4 ,?us1 x is evid5t t true g5]al proportions _c be laid d[n )\t violat+ nature1 :i* x is ! object ( art to imitate4--,if1 by g5]al proportions1 ,bossi "h means proportions applicable to all or to a great numb]1 he completely loses sight ( ! object ( ! great man on ^: op9ions he comm5ts2 = he s\ght a rule = ! h>mony ( p>ts 9 ea* di/9ct individual6 ,aga91 ,bossi ab&ons1 z impossible1 ! f9d+ ( ! h>monic rule1 :i* 0 ! great object ( ,leon>do4--,f :at has be5 said1 we may f9ally conclude t l>ge proportions only c be e/abli%$1 & t plac+ too mu* confid5ce 9 measures1 ret>ds1 r ?an favors ! arts4 ,x 0 writt5 ( ,raphael1 & is se51 t he _h z _m proportions z he made figures4 ,mi*ael ,angelo did ! same1 & x 0 8 say+1 t he :o _h n ! compasses 9 8 eye1 w\ld nev] be able to supply ! defici5cy by artificial means4 ,v9c5tio ,danti1 :o treasur$ ! doctr9e ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ass]ts 9 8 "w1 t ! proportions d n fall "u any measure ( quantity4 ,we h se5 ! inf9ite exceptions ( ,leon>do1 respect+ ! measurem5t ( man1 & 8 own few works confirm x4 ,i speak no m ( inf]ior p]sons among ! mod]ns2 b turn+ to ! anci5ts1 ,i f9d t ! proportions ( e good /atue are diff]5t4--,& ?is w be f\nd con=mable to ! h>monic rule4 ,& speak+ g5]ally ( works 9 relievo1 :at canons c det]m9e ! l>g5ess or smallness ( "s p>ts1 s z to obta9 a great] effect accord+ to ! circum/ances ( light1 di/ance1 mat]ial1 visual po9t1 c48 ,c]ta9ly none4--,?is 0 n to be expect$ f ! rule s\ght =4 ,i %all deem t ,i h ga9$ "s recomp5se = ! toil ( wad+ ?r\gh s _m t$i\s works1 if x %all induce any fai? 9 ! advice ,i n[ give1 namely1 t 'e /ud5t ( pa9t+ %\ld himself measure _m bodies ( ackn[l$g$ beauty1 comp>e !m ) ! f9e/ imitations 9 pa9t+ & sculpture1 & f ^! measures make a canon = himself1 divid+ x 9 ! mann] be/ suit$ to 8 g5ius & memory4 ,if ?is plan 7 m g5]ally adopt$1 art & its productions w\ld bo? be ga9]s4'--,x might d s1 among z +5i\s a p z ! ,greeks1 9 z _m ages z ! same me?od co/ !m to d x 96 ,leon>do da ,v9ci want$ to abridge ! "t1 in/ead ( beg9n+ aga96 ,w9ckelmann z little und]/&s ?is great man's object1 :51 aft] say+1 ,z ! anci5ts made ideal beauty _! pr9cipal /udy1 !y det]m9$ its relations & proportions1 he adds f :i*1 h[ev]1 !y all[$ !mselves to deviate1 :5 !y _h a good reason1 & yield$ !mselves to ! guidance ( _! g5ius4 ,:y1 ! :ole purpose ( ! rule s\ght = 0 to regulate e possible deviation1 z w n[ be se54 ,! h>monic me?od ( ! ,greeks--t measure :i* ,leon>do calls ! true proportion--! proportion ( an individual 9 reg>d to himself--:i* %\ld be diff]5t 9 all ! individuals ( a species1 b 9 :i* all ! p>ts ( any animal %\ld correspond ) ! :ole1 :i* con/itutes ! h>mony ( ! p>ts ( an individual1 & :i*1 z ,bossi adds1 v>ies 9 e figure1 accord+ to ! age1 circum/ances1 & p>ticul> "* ( ea*--9 %ort1 ?is me?od = ! h>mony ( p>ts 9 ea* di/9ct individual--?is me?od pres5t+ rules1 p]fectly precise1 & yet inf9itely v>iable1 has1 9 all its elem5ts1 be5 cle>ly laid be=e ! read] 7?\gh n enunciat$ z a rule7--9 ! relative proportions ( ! locomotive1 nutritive1 & ?9k+ sy/ems1 or1 g5]ally speak+1 ( ! limbs1 trunk1 & head1 & 9 ! ?ree species ( beauty :i* are f\nd$ on !m4 ,^!1 x is evid5t1 pres5t to ! philosophic obs]v]1 ! sole means ( judg+ ( beauty by h>monic rule1 ! great object ( ,leon>do da ,v9ci's desires & regrets4 ,!y pres5t ! great features ( ! ,greek me?od--if t me?od con=m$ to tru? & nature1 z x und\bt$ly did4 ,?is w be r5d]$ /ill cle>] by a s+le example4 ,?us1 if any individual be *>act]iz$ by ! developm5t ( ! nutritive sy/em1 ?is h>monic rule ( nature dem&s n only t1 z 9 ! ,saxon-,engli%1 ! ,dut*1 & _m ,g]mans1 ! trunk %all be l>ge1 b consequ5tly1 t ! o!r two portions1 ! head & ! limbs1 %all be relatively small2 t ! calv>ium %all be small & r\nd1 & ! intellectual p[]s re/rict$2 t ! head %all1 nev]!less1 be broad1 because ! vital cavities ( ! head are l>ge1 & because l>ge jaws & muscles ( ma/ication are necess>y = ! supply ( su* a sy/em2 t ! neck %all be %ort1 because ! locomotive sy/em is little develop$2 t x %all be ?ick1 because ! vessels :i* connect ! head to ! trunk are l>ge & full1 ! =m] be+ only an app5dage ( ! latt]2 t ! l[] limbs %all be bo? %ort & sl5d]2 t ! calves ( ! legs %all be small & high2#de t ! feet %all be little turn$ out1 c41 c4 ,s also1 if any individual be *>act]iz$ by ! developm5t ( ! locomotive sy/em1 ! h>monic rule dem&s1 n only t ! limbs %all be l>ge1 b1 consequ5tly1 t ! o!r two portions1 ! head & ! trunk1 %all be relatively small2 t ! calv>ium %all be small & long1 & ! intellectual p[]s limit$2 t ! head %all be long1 because ! jaws & _! muscles are ext5d$1 c41 c4 ,s likewise1 if any individual be *>act]iz$ by ! developm5t ( ! ?9k+ sy/em1 ! h>monic rule dem&s1 n only t ! head %all be l>ge1 b1 consequ5tly1 t ! o!r two portions1 ! trunk & limbs1 %all be relatively small2 t ! head %all n only be l>ge1 b t its upp] "p1 ! calv>ium1 %all be l>ge/1 giv+ a pyramidal appe>ance to ! head2 t ! trunk & limbs1 h[ev] elegantly =m$1 %all be relatively feeble1 ! =m] (t5 liable to disease1 ! latt] to accid5t1 z we h se5 9 ! mo/ illu/ri\s examples1 c41 c4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d1 h[ev]1 z already expla9$1 t !re may be innum]able comb9ations & modifications ( ^! *>act]i/ics2 c]ta9 great] ones1 nev]!less1 g5]ally pr$om9at+4 ,su*1 d\btless1 0 ! h>monic me?od ( ! ,greeks2 :e!r1 by !m1 x 0 ?us cle>ly f\nd$ on an?ropology1 or n4 ,x is curi\s t sev]al writ]s1 & ,w9ckelmann among ! re/1 %\ld h adopt$ a triple division ( ! body--)\t1 h[ev]1 duly f\nd+ x 9 an?ropology4 ,?us ,w9ckelmann says ! entire body is divid$ into ?ree p>ts1 & ! pr9cipal memb]s are also divid$ into ?ree4 ,! p>ts ( ! body are ! trunk1 ! ?ighs1 & ! legs6--a di/ribution & division f\nd$ nei!r 9 nature nor 9 tru?4 ,t ! ,greeks 7 m or less aw>e ( ! pr9ciples "h /at$1 ?\gh _! writ+s h n desc5d$ to u1 is prov$ by _! idealizations f\nd$ ^u !m4 ,if diff]5t proportions1 says ,w9ckelmann1 are sometimes met ) 9 any figure1 z = example1 9 ! beautiful trunk ( a nak$ female figure 9 ! possession ( ,signior ,cavaceppi at ,rome1 9 :i* ! body f ! navel to ! sexual p>ts is ( an uncommon l5g?1 x is mo/ probable t su* figures h be5 copi$ f nature1 t is1 f p]sons s =m$4--,no?+ c]ta9ly w\ld be bett] f\nd$ 9 natural t5d5cy ?an su* idealization4 ,all ! ?ree ,greek me?ods ( proportion be+ n[ be=e ! read]1 ,i mu/ briefly notice o!r circum/ances4 ,9 ! head 9 p>ticul>1 may be obs]v$ ,,"*1 or a p]man5t & inv>iable =m1 :i* def9es its capabilities1 & ,,expression1 or tempor>y & v>iable =ms1 :i* indicate its actual functions4 ,! tea*]s ( anatomy = arti/s h n1 t ,i "k (1 cle>ly describ$ ! causes ( ^!4 ,i may !re=e obs]ve1 t z "* is p]man5t & inv>iable1 x dep5ds fundam5tally on p]man5t & inv>iable p>ts--! bones2 & z expression is tempor>y & v>iable1 x dep5ds on %ift+ & v>iable p>ts--! muscles4 ,x is well obs]v$ by ,m5gs t1 9 relation to "*1 ! peculi> di/9ction ( ! anci5ts is1 t f "o "p ( ! face1 we may "k ! "* ( ! :ole4 ,&1 ( expression1 ,w9ckelmann obs]ves t ! portion :i* possesses beauty ( expression or action1 or beauty ( bo? add$ to ! figure ( any p]son1 is l ! resemblance ( "o :o views himself 9 a f\nta92 ! reflection is n se5 pla9ly unless ! surface ( ! wat] be /ill1 limpid1 & cle>2 quiet & tranquillity are z suitable to beauty z to ! sea4 ,expression & action be+1 9 art z 9 nature1 ! evid5ce ( ! active or passive /ate ( ! m9d1 p]fect beauty c nev] exi/ 9 ! c\nt5ance unless ! m9d be calm & free f all agitation1 at lea/ f ev]y?+ likely to *ange & di/urb ! l9eam5ts ( :i* beauty is compos$4 ,n[ ! details :i*1 dur+ ! p]iod ( p]fection 9 art1 7 s skilfully employ$1 7 ^! v means ( expression or circum/ances att5d+ & indicat+ !m--m9ut] =ms :i* are univ]sal1 & )\t :i* nature is imp]fectly repres5t$--m9ut] =ms ( ! highe/ ord]1 because ! means ( express+ intellect1 emotion1 & passion1 if requir$4 ,^! high] details we f9d1 = in/ance1 9 ! turn ( ! inn] end ( ! eyebr[1 or con/riction & elevation ( ! "u eyelid1 or a hundr$ o!r traits dep5dant on subjac5t muscles4 ,we f9d !m 9 slight ris+s ( m]e cutane\s p>ts1 :5 !y lie ov] & are elevat$ by ! atta*m5t ( muscles1 z at ! inn] angles ( ! eyes1 ! corn]s ( ! m\?1 & else:]e4 ,we f9d !m 9 depressions or furr[s1 :5 !y are drawn d[n by contigu\s muscles4 ,^! are ( high] "*1 because !y belong to expression or its means2 & !re is a correspond+ want ( complet5ess1 ( tru?1 ( nature1 )\t !m4 ,betwe5 ^! intellectual means1 ^! high] details1 & ^? ( a l[] ord]1 accid5tal details1 ! great arti/s ( ,greece di/+ui%$4 ,accid5tal details h no?+ to d ) expression or ! means ( expression2 !y dep5d ^u an inf]ior sy/em1 t m]ely ( life1 & con/itute all ! depositions1 excresc5ces1 & gr[?s1 :i* confuse ! vision ( ! inexp]i5c$1 & emb>rass t ( ! mo/ discrim9at+1 9 ! exam9ation ( high] beauty4 ,^! l[] details we f9d1 = in/ance1 9 ! puff+s ( adipose sub/ance :i* project f ! spaces betwe5 ! muscles ( ! face1 & f o!r accid5ts ( ! vital sy/em1 z wr9kles or folds f ! abs5ce ( adipose sub/ance1 fulness or empt9ess ( ! vessels1 project+ ve9s1 peculi> conditions ( ! sk91 turbidity ( ! eyes1 hairs ( ! head1 be>d1 or sk91 c4 ,^! h always *>act]iz$ inf]ior arti/s & inf]ior p]iods ( art4 ,f ^! obs]vations1 x w be se5 t su* unqualifi$ /atem5ts z ! foll[+ by ,az>a1 lead only to misconception3 ,a human face1 = example1 is compos$ ( ! =ehead1 br[s1 eyes1 nose1 *eeks1 m\?1 *91 & be>d4 ,^! are ! great p>ts2 b ea* ( ^! conta9s _m o!r m9or p>ts1 :i* also conta9 an inf9ity ( o!rs /ill less4 ,if ! pa9t] w cont5t himself to express well ! great p>ts :i* ,i h tak5 notice (1 he w h a gr& /yle2 if he depicts also ! second1 8 /yle w be t ( m$iocrity2 & if he pret5ds to introduce ! la/1 8 /yle w be insignificant & ridicul\s4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,! ,,greek ,,ideal ,,beauty4 ,on ?is important doctr9e ( art1 ( :i* ,w9ckelmann says3 ,! ideal is z mu* m noble ?an ! me*anical z ! m9d is sup]ior to ! body1 ,i %all foll[1 s f> z ,i c advantage\sly1 ! great writ]s on ?is subject1 9 ord] t ! read] may h all ! confid5ce 9 its recognis$ portions t au?ority c be/[1 & t he may ! bett] di/+ui% !m f ! new views :i* are "h add$4 ,!re are1 says ,w9ckelmann1 two k9ds ( beauty1 individual & ideal3 ! =m] is a comb9ation ( ! beauties ( an individual2 ! latt]1 a selection ( beautiful p>ts f sev]al4 ,! =mation ( beauty 0 begun f "s beautiful individual1 t is1 f ! imitation ( "s beautiful p]son1 z 9 ! repres5tation ( "s div9ity4 ,ev5 9 ! ages :5 ! arts 7 fl\ri%+1 ! goddesses 7 =m$ f ! models ( beautiful wom51 & ev5 f ^? :o publicly sold _! *>ms3 su* 0 ,!odota1 ( :om ,x5ophon speaks4 ,nor 0 any "o sc&aliz$ at x1 = ! op9ion ( ! anci5ts on ^! matt]s 0 v diff]5t f ours4 ,w9ckelmann adds3 ,!re is r>ely or nev]1 a body )\t fault1 all ! p>ts ( :i* are su* t x is impossible to f9d or draw !m m p]fect 9 o!r p]sons4 ,! wise/ arti/s1 be+ aw>e ( ?is 444 did n conf9e !mselves to copy+ ! =ms ( beauty f "o individual 444 b seek+ :at is beautiful f v>i\s objects1 !y endeavor$ to comb9e !m toge!r1 z ! celebrat$ ,p>rhasius says 9 8 disc\rse ) ,socrates4 ,?us1 9 ! =mation ( _! figures1 !y 7 n guid$ by any p]sonal affections1 by :i* we are frequ5tly l$1 9 ! pursuit ( beauty t pleases u1 to ab&on true beauty4 ,f ! selection ( ! mo/ beautiful p>ts & _! h>moni\s union 9 "o figure1 arises ideal beauty3 nor is ?is a metaphysical idea1 because all ! portions ( ! human figure tak5 sep>ately are n ideal2 b m]ely ! entire figure4 ,& he else:]e says3 ,x is call$ ideal1 n z reg>ds its p>ts1 b z a :ole1 9 :i* nature c be surpass$ by art4 ,) deep] obs]vation /ill1 he adds t1 ?\gh nature t5ds to p]fection 9 ! =mation ( individuals1 yet %e is s con/antly ?w>t$ by ! num]\s accid5ts to :i* humanity is subject1 t %e _c atta9 ! end propos$2 s t x is 9 a mann] impossible to f9d an individual 9 :om all p>ts ( ! body are p]fectly beautiful4 ,x 0 to ! same purport t ,proclus _h 9 anci5t times said3 ,he :o takes = 8 model su* =ms z nature produces1 & conf9es himself to an exact imitation ( !m1 w nev] atta9 to :at is p]fectly beautiful4 ,= ! works ( nature are full ( disproportion1 & fall v %ort ( ! true /&>d ( beauty4 ,s t ,phidias1 :5 he =m$ 8 ,jupit]1 did n copy any object ev] pres5t$ to 8 sight1 b contemplat$ only t image :i* he _h conceiv$ 9 8 m9d f ,hom]'s description4#df ,9 %ort1 :ile ! ,greek arti/s p]petually /udi$ nature1 !y discov]$ h] be/ & highe/ t5d5cies ev5 9 h] mo/ p]fect =ms2 _! works accord+ly pres5t no?+ =eign to t :i* is /rictly beautiful2 !y pres5t n only no inf]ior =ms1 b no idle ornam5ts2 & ev]y?+ 9 !m is accord+ly at once simple & sublime4 ,b>ry#dg af=ds me ! means ( cont9u+ ! view ,i n[ wi% to pres5t4 ,9 all individuals1 he says1 ( e species1 !re is necess>ily a visible t5d5cy to a c]ta9 po9t or =m4 ,9 ?is po9t or =m1 ! /&>d ( ea* species re/s4 ,! deviations f ?is1 ei!r by excess or defici5cy1 are ( two k9ds3 fir/1 deviations indicat+ a m peculi> adaptation ( c]ta9 *>act]s ( advantage & utility1 su* z /r5g?1 agility1 & s =?2 ev5 m5tal z well z corporeal1 s9ce !y sometimes result f habit & education1 z well z f orig9al con=mation4 ,9 ^! deviations1 are to be f\nd ^? +r$i5ts :i*1 9 _! composition & union1 exhibit ! ab/ract or ideal p]fection 9 ! sev]al classes or species ( "*4 ,! second k9d ( deviation is t :i*1 hav+ no ref]5ce to any?+ useful or advantage\s1 b r visibly indicat+ ! contr>y1 z be+ useless1 cumb]some1 or defici5t1 is consid]$ z de=mity2 & ?is de=mity w be always f\nd diff]5t 9 ! sev]al individuals1 by ei!r n be+ 9 ! same "p1 9 ! same mann]1 or 9 ! same degree4 ,! po9ts ( agreem5t :i* indicate ! species1 are !re=e _m2 ( diff]5ce :i* indicate ! de=mity1 few4 ,b>ry1 h[ev]1 wrongly says3 ,m]e beauty1 !n1 ?\gh always int]e/+1 is1 not)/&+1 vague & indet]m9ate2 z x indicates no p>ticul> expression ei!r ( body or m9d4 ,b x indicates ! highe/ "*1 ! capability ( all noble expression1 & ?is is bett] ?an its sacrifice to actuality 9 "o4 ,i am n[ l$ to ! great] rules :i* _! ideal me?od sugge/$ to ! ,greeks4 ,payne ,knight inde$ says3 ,precise rules & def9itions1 9 matt]s ( ?is sort1 are m]ely ! play?+s or tools ( sy/em-build]s2 &1 un*eck$ by any recollection ( ! practical & unrivall$ excell5ce ( ! f\nd]s ( ^! rules1 he adds a great deal ( n>r[-m9d$ & mi/ak5 nons5se ^u ! subject1 nev] di/+ui%+ betwe5 rules 9 !mselves rational1 & ! /ret*+ ( !m to utt] inapplicability4 ,on ?is subject1 ev5 ,reynolds prop]ly obs]ves1 t "s ( ! greate/ names ( antiquity1 & ^? :o h mo/ di/+ui%$ !mselves 9 works ( g5ius & imag9ation1 7 equally em95t = _! critical skill4 ,plato1 ,ari/otle1 ,cic]o1 & ,horace2 & among ! mod]ns1 ,boileau1 ,corneille1 ,pope1 & ,dryd51 are at lea/ in/ances ( g5ius n be+ de/roy$ by att5tion or subjection to rules & sci5ce4 ,b ! grosse/ errors on ?is subject h be5 committ$ by ,alison1 :o says3 ,arti/s1 9 e age1 h tak5 pa9s to asc]ta9 ! mo/ exact measurem5t ( ! human =m1 & ( all its p>ts4444 ,if ! beauty ( =m consi/$ 9 any orig9al proportion1 ! productions ( ! f9e arts w\ld ev]y:]e h te/ifi$ x2 &1 9 ! works ( ! /atu>y & ! pa9t]1 we %\ld h f\nd only ?is sole & sacr$ sy/em ( proportion4 ,! fact h[ev] is1 z e "o kn[s1 t1 9 su* productions1 no su* rule is obs]v$2 t !re is no "o proportion ( p>ts :i* belongs to ! mo/ beautiful productions ( ^! arts2 t ! proportions ( ! ,apollo1 = in/ance1 are diff]5t f ^? ( ! ,h]cules1 ! ,ant9\s1 ! ,gladiator1 c42 & t !re are n1 9 ! :ole catalogue ( anci5t /atues1 two1 p]haps1 ( :i* ! proportions are actually ! same4 ,n[1 ,i believe1 we may say t ?is orig9al or mo/ p]fect proportion is pres5t$ 9 ! ,apollo1 :i* is n1 z g5]ally suppos$1 an example ( peculi>1 b ( univ]sal beauty--! locomotive sy/em pres5t+ z mu* /r5g? z is compatible ) agility1 & z mu* agility z is compatible ) /r5g?1 & any o!r modification ( ei!r ensur+ dim9ution ( p[]2 :ile ! vital & m5tal sy/ems are equally p]fect4 ,:]ev] ?is model is deviat$ f by ! anci5t arti/s x is peculi> beauty1 ,i believe1 t is repres5t$4 ,he f>!r says3 ,!y h imag9$ also v>i\s /&>ds ( ?is measurem5t2 & _m disputes h aris51 :e!r ! l5g? ( ! head1 ( ! foot1 or ( ! nose1 0 to be consid]$ z ?is c5tral & sacr$ /&>d4 ,( su* que/ions & su* disputes1 x is n possible to speak ) s]i\sness1 :5 !y occur 9 ! pres5t times4 ,s also ,burke says3 ,x mu/ be likewise %[n1 t ^! p>ts /& 9 su* a relation to ea* o!r1 t ! comp>ison betwe5 !m may be easily made1 & t ! affection ( ! m9d may naturally result f x4 ,n[1 no man 9 8 s5ses ev] c>$ :i* ( ^! measures 0 adopt$1 except z a matt] ( conv5i5ce1 or ev] imag9$ t peculi> virtue resid$ 9 any ( !m4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! pr9cipal rules :i* ei!r by intuition or ) due def9ition1 result$ f & guid$ ! practice ( ! anci5t ,greeks4 ,fir/1 9 reg>d to ! ,,?9k+ ,,sy/em1 :5 ! anci5t arti/s1 ei!r f ta/e or f pr9ciple1 gave great] op5+ to ! facial angle ?an eighty degrees1 !y believ$ t an increase ( intellig5ce correspond$ to t con=mation4 ,by increas+ ! angle beyond eighty-five degrees1 !y impress$ ^u _! figures ! gr&e/ "*1 z we see 9 ! heads ( ! ,apollo1 ! ,v5us1 & o!rs ^: facial angle ext5ds to or exce$s n9ety degrees4 ,9 reg>d to ! =ehead1 !n1 ?is af=d$ _! rule = di/+ui%+ be+s ( a sup]ior k9d4 ,h[ well !y obs]v$ ! t5d5cy ( nature to increase t angle ) ! increase ( "s ( ! ?9k+ faculties1 we n[ "k4 ,?is ideal rule 01 !re=e1 admirably f\nd$4 ,:oev] reflects on ! nature ( ?is angle w p]ceive t its increase t5d$ n[ise to raise ! =ehead1 b to ?r[ x =w>d1 & !re=e to l5g!n ! head4 ,?is con=ms to ! metaphor by :i* a long head is us$ = a wise head1 & :i* has n yet giv5 place to a broad head1 pref]r$ by ! ,g]man craniologi/s1 9 complim5t to _! own organization4 ,) reg>d to ! height ( ! =ehead1 x has already be5 obs]v$ t x 01 among ! anci5t ,greeks1 m consid]able ?an its bread?1 z may be se5 by ! bu/s ( _! mo/ illu/ri\s m54 ,/ill1 nei!r ! natural nor ! ideal =ehead mu* exce$$ ! space f ! =ehead to ! bottom ( ! nose1 or t f ! nose to ! bottom ( ! *94 ,w9ckelmann accord+ly says3 ,! =ehead to be beautiful %\ld be l[ mean+1 z 8 expressions else:]e %[1 no high] ?an ! o!r two spaces j m5tion$2 & its l[ness 0 s fix$ among ! ideas ( beauty by ! ,grecian arti/s1 t x s]ves z a m>k to di/+ui% mod]n heads f anci5t4 ,! reason ( ?is appe>s f\nd$ 9 ! v rules ( proportion1 :i*1 z 9 ! :ole human body1 0 among ! anci5ts trip>tite3 ?us1 ! face also 0 divid$ into ?ree p>ts2 s t ! =ehead %\ld be ( ! same l5g? z ! nose1 & ! rema9d] ( ! face to ! *9 ( ! same l5g? likewise4 ,?is proportion 0 f\nd$ on obs]vation1 & we may at any "t conv9ce ourselves ( x 9 any individual ) a l[ =ehead1 by cov]+ ) a f+] ! hair at ! top ( ! =ehead1 s z to r5d] x s mu* high]1 & we %all !n see a want ( h>mony ( proportion & h[ detrim5tal a high =ehead is to beauty4 ,^! views ( ,w9ckelmann1 ! ideal rule :i* !y illu/rate1 &1 above all1 ! actual dim5sion ( ! =ehead among ! philosoph]s1 ! poets1 & ! legislators ( ,greece1 ^: g5ius has be5 unequall$ 9 mod]n times1 %[ ! folly ( ! craniological hypo!sis4 ,! reason ( ! ideal rule has n1 inde$1 be5 assign$3 x appe>s to me to be ?is1 t ! ?ree p>ts ( ! face :i*1 z ,i h %[n bo? "h & 9 my "w on physiognomy1 are respectively connect$ ) ideas1 emotions1 & passions1 %\ld be equal "o to ano!r1 or t ^! acts ( ! organs ( s5se & bra9 %\ld be 9 due proportion & h>mony4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 ,i d n1 ) ! craniologi/s1 seek ! pr$om9ance ( any "o ( !m1 nei!r d ,i1 ) ,giovani de ,laet1 take no notice ( ! space betwe5 ! top ( ! head & ! comm5cem5t ( ! =ehead1 & say ?is "p is n to be consid]$ 9 ! height ( a man1 quia p>s excrem5tosa e/6 ,_! next rule reg>d$ ! =m ( ! nose1 9 ne>ly ! same l9e ) ! =ehead1 & ) little ind5tation betwe5 ^! p>ts4 ,! f\ndation ( ?is rule ,i h n se5 po9t$ out2 & x 0 inde$ difficult ( discov]y1 )\t previ\s k ( ! physiological fact fir/ m5tion$ 9 my physiognomical "w1 namely1 t ! nose is ! inlet ( vital emotion or pleasure1 z ! eye is ( m5tal emotion2 :ile ! passions connect$ ) nutrition & ?\ght respectively1 dep5d ^u o!r organs1 ! m\? & ! e>4 ,anatomi/s "k h[ closely associat$ are ! nose & ! eyes1 & ! m\? & ! e>s1 respectively4 ,n[1 z 9 ^! ideal repres5tations1 _! object 0 to increase ! means ( emotion1 b n ^? ( passion1 ! organs ( ! =m]1 ! nose & ! eyes1 7 all1 at ! same "t1 enl>g$ by rais+ ! junction ( ! =ehead & ! nose2 :ile ^? ( passion1 ! m\? & ! e>s1 7 relatively decreas$4 ,n only 0 ! passage ( nose or ( ! olfactory n]ves to ! bra9 /rik+ly dilat$ by ?is elevation ( ! int]m$iate "p1 b ! orbits ( ! eyes 7 enl>g$4 ,z !n we naturally associate ! increase ( organs ) ! increase ( _! s5sations & ) correspond+ effects ^u ! bra91 & z ! t5d5cy to su* configuration is z conspicu\s 9 ! c\ntries !y inhabit$1 z is ! en]gy ( ! emotions ) :i* !y are connect$1 ?is rule 0 z admirably f\nd$ z ! =m] 9 natural t5d5cies4 ,i deem ?is a p5dant to ,camp]'s discov]y ( ! facial angle1 & "o too :i* 0 n q s obvi\s or s easy to be made4 ,x disposes ( ?is middle or int]m$iate "p ( ! face1 & %[s t ! ,greeks 9 be+s ( ! highe/ "*1 desir$ ! gradual pr$om9ance ( emotion ov] passion1 & ( ideas or intellect ov] emotion4 ,a vague feel+ ( ! curi\s fact ,i h "h expla9$1 ,alison1 z a man ( ta/e1 _h1 :5 he said3 ,apply1 h[ev]1 ?is beautiful =m1 to ! c\nt5ance ( ! w>rior1 ! b&it1 ! m>tyr1 c41 or to any c\nt5ance :i* is meant to express deep or p[]ful passion1 & ! mo/ vulg> spectator w\ld be s5sible ( dissatisfaction1 if n disgu/4 ,9 endeavor+ to assign a reason = ! configuration :i* ,i h j expla9$1 ,w9ckelmann1 9 ascrib+ x to ! m]e production ( effect1 is driv5 into a ridicul\s inconsi/5cy4 ,he ?9ks t = l>ge /atues se5 at a di/ance1 x 0 necess>y1 & s came to be us$ = small m$als se5 ne>1 = :i* x 0 n necess>y4 ,9 ! heads ( /atues1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ideal heads1 ! eyes are deep] set3 ! bulb rema9s m deep ?an is usual 9 nature1 9 :i* sunk5 eyes r5d] ! c\nt5ance au/]e & cunn+ in/ead ( calm & joyful4 ,9 ?is respect1 art has dep>t$ ) reason f nature2 =1 9 figures plac$ to be se5 at a di/ance1 if ! bulb ( ! eye 7 level ) ! edge ( ! orbit1 !re w\ld be no effect produc$ ( light & %ade2 & ! eye itself1 plac$ "u ! eyebr[s :i* d n project1 w\ld be dull & inexpressive4 ,?is maxim1 adopt$ = l>ge /atues1 became 9 "t univ]sal2 s t x may be obs]v$ ev5 on m$als1 n only 9 ideal heads b 9 portraits4 ,& else:]e he says3 ,art subsequ5tly e/abli%$ x z a rule to give ?is =m to ! eyes ev5 9 small figures1 z may be se5 9 ! heads on co9s4 ,?us ,w9ckelmann's reason av[$ly expla9s only ! half ( t to :i* x is appli$1 & 9 reality expla9s no?+1 because x leaves a gross inconsi/5cy1 ( :i* ,greek g5ius 0 incapable4 ,( ! g5]al outl9e ?us =m$ ( ! face1 ,w9ckelmann m truly says3 ,9 ! =mation ( ! face1 ! ,greek pr(ile is ! pr9cipal *>act]i/ic ( sublime beauty4 ,?is pr(ile is produc$ by ! /raight l9e1 or ! l9e b v slightly ind5t$1 :i* ! =ehead & nose =m 9 y\?ful faces1 especially female ones4 ,nature seems less dispos$ to accord ?is =m to ! face 9 cold ?an 9 mild & temp]ate climes2 b :]ev] ?is pr(ile is f\nd1 x is always beautiful4 ,! /raight full l9e expresses a k9d ( greatness1 &1 g5tly curv$1 x pres5ts ! idea ( agreeable delicacy4 ,t 9 ^! pr(iles exi/s "o cause ( beauty is prov$ by ! "* ( ! opposite l9e2 = ! great] ! inflection ( ! nose1 ! less beautiful is ! face2 & if1 :5 se5 sidewise1 x pres5ts a bad pr(ile1 x is useless to look = beauty 9 any o!r view4 ,a ?ird rule ( ! ,greek arti/s1 9 heads ( ! highe/ "*1 is greatly illu/rat$ by ! new views j /at$4 ,if1 9 ^!1 !y desir$ to r5d] ideas & intellect m dom9ant ?an emotions ( pleasure or pa91 & emotions m dom9ant ?an passion1 x becomes evid5t :y !y equally s\ght to avoid ! convulsions ( impassion$ expression4 ,a v beautiful object ( ?is1 is mi/ak5 by ,w9ckelmann4 ,i quote 8 words3-- ,tak5 9 ei!r s5se ( action or ( passion1 expression *anges ! features ( ! face1 & ! disposition ( ! body1 &1 consequ5tly1 ! =ms :i* con/itute beauty2 & ! great] ! *ange1 ! great] ! loss ( beauty4 ,!re=e1 ! /ate ( tranquillity & repose 0 consid]$ z a fundam5tal po9t 9 ! art4 ,tranquillity is ! /ate prop] to beauty4 ,! h&some/ m5 are g5]ally ! mo/ mild & ! be/ dispos$4 ,besides1 tranquillity & repose1 bo? 9 m5 & animals1 is ! /ate :i* all[s u be/ to exam9e & repres5t _! nature & qualities2 z we c see ! bottom ( ! sea or riv]s only :5 ! waves are tranquil & ! /ream runs smoo?ly4 ,!re=e1 ! ,grecian arti/s1 wi%+ to depict1 9 _! repres5tations ( _! deities1 ! p]fection ( human beauty1 /rove to produce1 9 _! c\nt5ances & actions1 a c]ta9 placidity )\t ! slighte/ *ange or p]turbation1 :i*1 accord+ to _! philosophy1 0 at v>iance ) ! nature & "* ( ! gods4 ,! figures produc$ 9 ?is /ate ( repose1 express$ a p]fect equilibrium ( feel+4 ,b1 z complete tranquillity & repose _c exi/ 9 figures 9 action1 & ev5 ! gods are repres5t$ 9 human =m1 & subject to human affections1 we mu/ n always expect to f9d 9 !m ! mo/ sublime idea ( beauty4 ,?is is !n comp5sat$ = by expression4 ,! anci5t arti/s1 h[ev]1 nev] lo/ sight ( x3 x 0 always _! pr9cipal object1 to :i* expression 0 9 "s sort made subs]vi5t4 ,beauty )\t expression w\ld be insignificant1 & expression )\t beauty w\ld be unpleas+2 b1 f _! influ5ce ov] ea* o!r1 f comb9+ toge!r _! app>5tly discordant qualities1 results an eloqu5t1 p]suasive1 & int]e/+ beauty4 ,"s ( ^! rem>ks are true & beautiful2 b ! great object ( ! ,greeks1 9 suppress+ ! convulsions ( impassion$ expression1 0 ! be/[al ( grace1 ! highe/ quality 9 all repres5tation4 ,x is surpris+ t ?is %\ld h be5 s univ]sally ov]look$1 t1 ev5 among arti/s1 no?+ is m common ?an to he> regrets t ! ,greeks gave s little expression to _! figures6 ,let ! read] n[ p]use aga9 ,dr4 ,smi?'s & ,mr4 ,alison's acc\nt ( grace1 & if he is acqua9t$ ) ! productions ( anci5t art1 he w see t ! ,greeks suppress$ impassion$ expression only to be/[ ! highe/ degree ( grace4 ,^?1 !re=e1 :o compla9 ( ?is1 %[ !mselves ignorant ( ! be/ object ( _! art4 ,if ! explanation ( ?is great purpose be cle>ly borne 9 m9d1 ! rema9+ obs]vations ( ,w9ckelmann w receive a bett] application ?an t to :i* he limit$ !m3-- ,repose & tranquillity may be reg>d$ z ! effect ( t compos$ mann] :i* ! ,grecians /udi$ to %[ 9 _! actions & ge/ures4 ,among !m1 a hurri$ gait 0 reg>d$ z contr>y to ! idea ( dec5t deportm5t1 & p>tak+ some:at ( expressive boldness4444 ,:ile on ! o!r h&1 sl[ & regulat$ motions ( ! body 7 pro(s among ! anci5ts ( a great m9d4 ,! highe/ idea ( tranquillity & composure is f\nd express$ 9 ! repres5tations ( ! div9ities2 s t f ! fa!r ( ! gods to ! inf]ior deities1 _! figures appe> free f ! influ5ce ( any affection4 ,! greate/ ( ! poets ?us describes ,jupit] z mak+ all ,olympus tremble by m]ely mov+ 8 eyebr[ or %ak+ 8 locks4444 ,all ! figures ( ,jupit] are n h[ev] made 9 ! same /yle4 ,! ,vatican ,apollo repres5ts ?is god quiet & tranquil aft] ! dea? ( ! s]p5t ,py?on :i* he _h sla9 ) a d>t1 & %\ld also express a c]ta9 contempt = a victory s easy to him4 ,! skilful arti/1 :o wi%$ to imbody ! mo/ beautiful ( ! gods1 has depict$ ang] 9 ! nose1 :i* accord+ to ! mo/ anci5t poets 0 ! seat ( x1 & contempt 9 ! lips3 contempt is express$ by ! draw+ up ( ! "u lip1 & ang] by ! expansion ( ! no/rils4 ,! expression ( ! passions 9 ! face %\ld accord ) ! attitude & ge/ures ( ! body2 & ! latt] %\ld be suitable to ! dignity ( ! gods 9 _! /atues & figures3 f ?is results its propriety4 ,9 repres5t+ ! figures ( h]oes1 ! anci5t arti/ ex]cis$ equal c>e & judgm5t2 & express$ only ^? human affections :i* are suitable = a wise man1 :o represses ! viol5ce ( 8 passions1 & sc>cely all[s a sp>k ( ! int]nal flame to be se51 s z to leave to ^? :o are desir\s ( x1 ! tr\ble ( f9d+ out :at rema9s conceal$4 ,we h examples ( ?is 9 two ( ! mo/ beautiful works ( antiquity1 "o ( :i* is ! image ( ! fe> ( c]ta9 dea?1 ! o!r ( suff]+ exce$+ angui%4 ,niobe & h] daught]s1 aga9/ :om ,diana %ot h] fatal arr[s1 are repres5t$ z seiz$ ) t]ror & horror1 9 t /ate ( indescribable angui%1 :5 ! sight ( in/ant & inevitable dea? deprives ! m9d ( ! p[] ( ?\ght4 ,( ?is /ate ( /upor & ins5sibility1 ! fable gives u an idea 9 ! metamorphosis ( ,niobe into a /one2 & h5ce s*ylus introduces h] 9 8 trag$y z /unn$ & spee*less4 ,9 su* a mom5t1 :5 all ?\ght & feel+ ceases1 9 a /ate bord]+ ^u ins5sibility1 ! appe>ance is n alt]$ nor any feature ( ! face di/urb$1 & ! mighty arti/ c\ld "h depict ! mo/ sublime beauty1 & has inde$ done s4 ,niobe & h] daught]s are1 & ev] w be1 ! mo/ p]fect models ( beauty4 ,laocoon is ! image ( ! mo/ acute grief1 t puts ! n]ves1 ! muscles1 & ! ve9s1 9 action4 ,8 blood is 9 a /ate ( extreme agitation f ! v5om\s bite ( ! s]p5ts2 e "p ( 8 body ev9ces pa9 & suff]+2 & ! arti/ has put 9 motion1 s to speak1 all ! spr+s ( nature1 & ?us made kn[n ! ext5t ( 8 art & ! dep? ( 8 k4 ,9 ! repres5tation1 h[ev]1 ( ?is excessive torm5t1 we c /ill recognise ! conduct ( a brave man /ruggl+ aga9/ 8 mis=tunes1 /ifl+ ! emotions ( 8 angui%1 & /riv+ to repress !m4 ,! anci5t arti/s h pres]v$ ?is air ( composure ev5 9 _! danc+ figures1 except ! ,bac*anals2 & ?us an op9ion obta9$ t ! action ( _! figures %\ld be modell$ on ! mann]s adopt$ 9 _! anci5t dances1 & !re=e1 9 _! lat] dances1 ! anci5t figures s]v$ z a model to ! p]=m]s to prev5t _! ov]/epp+ ! b\nds ( a mode/ deportm5t3 ,molli diducunt c&ida ge/u ,bra*ia4 ,prop]t4 ,no immod]ate or viol5t passions are ev] f\nd express$ 9 ! public works ( ! anci5ts4 ,! k ( ! anci5ts _c be bett] kn[n ?an by comp>+ _! p]=mances ) ! majority ( ^? ( ! mod]ns1 9 :i* a little is express$ by mu*1 in/ead ( mu* by a little4 ,?is is :at ! ,greeks call ,greek3 p>5?yrsos2 a ^w t aptly expresses ! defect produc$ by too mu* expression 9 mod]n arti/s4 ,_! figures resemble 9 action ! com$ians ( ! anci5t !atre1 :o1 to r5d] !mselves visible ev5 to ! mo/ di/ant portion ( ! audi5ce1 7 compell$ to exce$ ! limits ( nature & tru?2 & ! faces ( mod]n figures are l ! anci5t masks1 :i* = ! same reason1 ! increase ( expression1 became hide\s4 ,?is excess ( expression is taught 9 a book :i* goes into ! h&s ( all "y arti/s1 ',a ,treatise on ! ,passions1' by ,c>lo ,le ,brun1 & 9 ! annex$ draw+s1 n only is ! highe/ degree ( passion express$ on ! face1 b 9 "s ev5 to madness4 ,h5ce1 we may say ) ,az>a1 t ! ,greeks possess$ t art 9 su* p]fection1 t 9 _! /atues "o sc>cely discov]s t !y _h ?\ght ( expression1 & nev]!less ea* says t :i* x ought to say4 ,!y are 9 a repose :i* %[s all ! beauty )\t any alt]ation2 & a s(t & sweet motion1 ( ! m\?1 ! eyes1 or ! m]e action1 expresses ! effect1 en*ant+ at once ! m9d & ! s5ses4 ,9 ! inf]ior be+s1 h[ev]1 :5 passion is express$1 ! features are v>i$ by ! ,greek arti/s z !y are 9 nature4 ,su* are ! great ideal rules ) reg>d to ! head & ! functions ( ?\ght4 ,) reg>d to ! body & ! ,,nutritive ,,sy/em1 ! ,greeks simil>ly idealiz$4 ,seek+ = images ( wor%ip1 consequ5tly ( a nature sup]ior to our own1 s t !y might awak5 9 ! m9d v5]ation & love1 !y ?\ght t ! repres5tations mo/ wor?y ( ! ,div9ity1 & mo/ likely to attract ! att5tion ( man1 w\ld be ^? express+ ! cont9uance ( ! gods 9 et]nal y\? & 9 ! prime ( life4 ,to ! idea d]iv$ f ! poets1 ( ! et]nal y\? ( ! deities1 :e!r male or female1 0 add$ ano!r by :i* !y suppos$ ! female div9ities %\ld h all ! appe>ance ( virg9s4 ,! =m ( ! brea/ 9 ! figures ( ! div9ities1 is l t ( a virg91 :i*1 to be beautiful1 mu/ possess a mod]ate fulness4 ,?is 0 p>ticul>ly %[n 9 ! brea/s1 :i* ! arti/s repres5t$ )\t nipples1 l ^? ( "y girls1 ^: c9cture1 9 ! poet's phrase1 ,luc9a has n yet undone4 ,on _! treatm5t ( ! limbs & ,,locomotive ,,sy/em1 ,hog>? ?r[s light2 &1 z ,i am n aw>e t he 0 anticipat$ 9 ?is respect1 ,i quote him3-- ,may be1 he says1 ,i _c ?r[ a /rong] light on :at has be5 hi!rto said ( proportion1 ?an by animadv]t+ on a rem>kable beauty 9 ! ,apollo ,belvid]e1 :i* ha? giv5 x ! pref]5ce ev5 to ! ,ant9\s3 ,i mean a sup]addition ( greatness1 to at lea/ z mu* beauty & grace z is f\nd 9 ! latt]4 ,^! two ma/]pieces ( art are se5 toge!r 9 ! same ap>tm5t at ,rome1 :]e ! ,ant9\s fills ! spectator ) admiration only1 :ile ! ,apollo /rikes him ) surprise1 &1 z travell]s express !mselves1 ) an appe>ance ( some?+ m ?an human2 :i* !y ( c\rse are always at a loss to describe3 & ?is effect1 !y say1 is ! m a/oni%+1 z1 ^u exam9ation1 its disproportion is evid5t ev5 to a common eye4 ,"o ( ! be/ sculptors we h 9 ,engl&1 :o lately w5t to see !m1 confirm$ to me :at has be5 n[ said1 p>ticul>ly z to ! legs & ?ighs be+ too long1 & too l>ge = ! upp] p>ts4 ,al?\gh1 9 v great works1 we (t5 see an inf]ior "p neglect$1 yet "h x _c be ! case1 because1 9 a f9e /atue1 j proportion is "o ( its ess5tial beauties3 !re=e1 x /&s to reason1 t ^! limbs mu/ h be5 l5g!n$ on purpose1 o!rwise x might h be5 easily avoid$4 ,s t if we exam9e ! beauties ( ?is figure ?or\ghly we may reasonably conclude1 t :at has be5 hi!rto ?\ght s unacc\ntably excell5t 9 its g5]al appe>ance1 has be5 ow+ to :at has seem$ a blemi% 9 a "p ( x3 b let u endeavor to make ?is matt] z cle> z possible1 z x may add m =ce to :at has be5 said4 ,/atues1 by be+ bigg] ?an life 7z ?is "o is1 & l>g] ?an ! ,ant9\s71 always ga9 "s nobl5ess 9 effect1 accord+ to ! pr9ciple ( quantity1 b ?is alone is n suffici5t to give :at is prop]ly to be call$ greatness 9 proportion4444 ,greatness ( proportion mu/ be consid]$ z dep5d+ on ! application ( quantity to ^? p>ts ( ! body :]e x c give m scope to its grace 9 movem5t1 z to ! neck = ! l>g] & swanlike turns ( ! head1 & to ! legs & ?ighs1 = ! m ample sway ( all ! upp] p>ts toge!r4 ,by :i* we f9d t ! ,ant9\s be+ equally magnifi$ to ! ,apollo's height1 w\ld n suffici5tly produce t sup]iority ( effect1 z to greatness1 s evid5tly se5 9 ! latt]4 ,! additions necess>y to ! production ( ?is greatness 9 proportion1 z x !re appe>s add$ to grace1 mu/ !n be1 by ! prop] application ( !m to ! p>ts m5tion$ only4 ,i "k n h[ f>!r to prove ?is matt] ?an by appeal+ to ! read]'s eye1 & common obs]vation1 z be=e4444 ,! ,ant9\s be+ all[$ to h ! ju/e/ proportion possible1 let u see :at addition1 ^u ! pr9ciple ( quantity1 c be made to x1 )\t tak+ away any ( its beauty4 ,if we imag9e an addition ( dim5sions to ! head1 we %all imm$iately conceive x w\ld only de=m--if to ! h&s or feet1 we are s5sible ( some?+ gross & ung5teel--if to ! :ole l5g?s ( ! arms1 we feel !y w\ld be dangl+ & awkw>d--if1 by an addition ( l5g? or bread? to ! body1 we "k x w\ld appe> heavy & clumsy--!re rema9s !n only ! neck1 ) ! legs & ?ighs to speak (2 b to ^! we f9d1 t n only c]ta9 additions may be admitt$ )\t caus+ any disagreeable effect1 b t !reby greatness1 ! la/ p]fection z to ! proportion1 is giv5 to ! human =m1 z is evid5tly express$ 9 ! ,apollo4 ,?is is well done by ,hog>?4 ,x requir$ b a little anatomical k to see ! reason ( ?is4 ,! l5g? ( ! neck1 by :i* ! head is f>!r deta*$ f ! trunk1 %[s ! indep5d5ce ( ! high] intellectual sy/em ^u ! l[] "o ( m]e nutrition2 & ! l5g? ( limbs %[s t ! m9d _h ready ob$i5ce 9 locomotive p[]4 ,i h n[ to obviate "s ,,objections to ! exi/5ce ( simple1 pure1 high1 & p]fect ideal beauty1 objections1 :i* writ]s on ?is subject h hi!rto neglect$4 ,alison says3 ,! proportions ( ! =m ( ! infant are v diff]5t f ^? ( y\?2 ^! aga9 f ^? ( manhood2 & ^! aga9 p]haps /ill m f ^? ( old age & decay4444 ,yet e "o kn[s1 n only t ea* ( ^! p]iods is susceptible ( beautiful =m1 b1 :at is mu* m1 t ! actual beauty 9 e p]iod consi/s 9 ! pres]vation ( ! proportions peculi> to t p]iod1 & t ^! diff] 9 e article almo/ f ^? t are beautiful 9 o!r p]iods ( ! life ( ! same individual4 ,b ! beauty ( ! infant is n p]fect beauty3 x is t1 on ! contr>y1 ( m]e promise1 n t ( fulfilm5t4 ,s also ! beauty ( old age is n p]fect beauty3 x is t1 on ! contr>y1 :i* affects & int]e/s u *iefly by ! regret we feel t its p]fection has pass$1 or is gradually vani%+4 ,! same obs]vation1 says ,alison1 is yet /ill m obvi\s ) reg>d to ! diff]5ce ( sex4 ,9 e "p ( ! =m1 ! proportions :i* are beautiful 9 ! two sexes are diff]5t2 & ! application ( ! proportions ( ! "o to ! =m ( ! o!r1 is ev]y:]e felt z pa9ful & disgu/+4 ,s also says ,burke3 ,let u re/ a mom5t on ?is po9t2 & consid] h[ mu* diff]5ce !re is betwe5 ! measures t prevail 9 _m simil> p>ts ( ! body1 9 ! two sexes ( ?is s+le species only4 ,if y assign any det]m9ate proportions to ! limbs ( man1 & if y limit human beauty to ^! proportions1 :5 y f9d a woman :o diff]s 9 ! make & measure ( almo/ e "p1 y mu/ conclude h] n to be beautiful 9 spite ( ! sugge/ions ( y\r imag9ation2 or 9 ob$i5ce to y\r imag9ation y mu/ r5\nce y\r rules2 y mu/ lay by ! scale & compass1 & look out = "s o!r cause ( beauty4 ,=1 if beauty be atta*$ to c]ta9 measures :i* op]ate f a pr9ciple 9 nature1 :y %\ld simil> p>ts ) diff]5t measures ( proportion be f\nd to h beauty1 & ?is1 too1 9 ! v same species8 ,to ?is ,i might say ! beauty ( woman is n ! highe/ beauty3 x is beauty ( ! nutritive m ?an ( ! high] ?9k+ sy/em4 ,b !re is ano!r & a bett] answ]3 ! diff]5ce ( sex :i* affects all ! high] animals is a great] diff]5ce ?an t :i* subsi/s betwe5 "s ( _! v>ieties or ev5 ( _! species2 & ! same laws ( ideal beauty are z inapplicable to diff]5t sexes z to diff]5t species4 ,we see1 e day1 ar\nd u1 says ,alison1 "s =ms ( our species :i* affect u ) s5tim5ts ( beauty4 ,9 our own sex1 we see ! =ms ( ! legislator1 ! man ( rank1 ! g5]al1 ! man ( sci5ce1 ! private soldi]1 ! sailor1 ! labor]1 ! begg>1 c4 ,9 ! o!r sex1 we see ! =ms ( ! matron1 ! wid[1 ! "y woman1 ! nurse1 ! dome/ic s]vant1 c4444 ,we expect diff]5t proportions ( =m f ! pa9t]1 9 8 repres5tation ( a w>rior & a %eph]d1 ( a s5ator & ( a peasant1 ( a wre/l] & a boatman1 ( a savage & ( a man ( cultivat$ mann]s4444 ,we expect1 9 ! same mann]1 f ! /atu>y1 v diff]5t proportions 9 ! =ms ( ,jove & ( ,apollo ?is %\ld h be5 except$1 ( ,h]cules & ( ,ant9\s1 ( a ,grace & ( ,&roma*e1 ( a ,bac*anal & ( ,m9]va1 c4 ,t1 9 all ^! cases1 ! beauty is p>tial1 is evid5t f ! circum/ance t :at is f\nd 9 "o is want+ 9 ano!r2 & p>tial beauty is n p]fect beauty4 ,b ?is la/ po9t has be5 well /at$ by ,reynolds & ,b>ry4 ,to ! pr9ciple ,i h laid d[n1 says ,reynolds1 t ! idea ( beauty 9 ea* species ( be+ is an inv>iable "o1 x may be object$1 t 9 e p>ticul> species !re are v>i\s c5tral =ms :i* are sep>ate & di/9ct f ea* o!r1 & yet are und5iably beautiful2 t 9 ! human figure1 = in/ance1 ! beauty ( ,h]cules is "o1 ( ! ,gladiator ano!r1 ( ! ,apollo ano!r aga9 ! same error2 :i* makes s _m diff]5t ideas ( beauty4444 ,x is true1 inde$1 t ^! figures are ea* p]fect 9 _! k9d1 ?\gh ( diff]5t "* & proportions2 b /ill none ( !m is ! repres5tation ( an individual1 b ( a class4 ,& z !re is "o g5]al =m1 :i*1 z ,i h said1 belongs to ! human k9d at l>ge1 s 9 ea* ( ^! classes !re is "o common idea & c5tral =m1 :i* is ! ab/ract ( ! v>i\s individual =ms belong+ to t class4 ,?us1 ?\gh ! =ms ( *ildhood & age diff] exce$+ly1 !re is a common =m 9 *ildhood1 & a common =m 9 age1 :i* is ! m p]fect1 z x is m remote f all peculi>ities4 ,b ,i mu/ add f>!r1 t ?\gh ! mo/ p]fect =ms ( ea* ( ! g5]al divisions ( ! human figure are ideal1 & sup]ior to any individual =m ( t class1 yet ! highe/ p]fection ( ! human figure is n to be f\nd 9 any "o ( !m4 ,x is n 9 ! ,h]cules1 nor 9 ! ,gladiator1 nor 9 ! ,apollo1 b 9 t =m :i* is tak5 f all1 & :i* p>takes equally ( ! activity ( ! ,gladiator1 ( ! delicacy ( ! ,apollo1 & ( ! muscul> /r5g? ( ! ,h]cules4 ,= p]fect beauty 9 any species mu/ comb9e all ! *>act]s :i* are beautiful 9 t species4 ,x _c consi/ 9 any "o to ! exclusion ( ! re/3 no "o1 !re=e1 mu/ be pr$om9ant1 t no "o may be defici5t4 ,a high degree ( p>ticul> "*1 says ,b>ry1 _c be sup]9duc$ ^u pure or simple beauty )\t alt]+ its con/itu5t p>ts2 ?is is peculi> to grace only2 = p>ticul> *>act]s consi/1 z has be5 obs]v$ be=e1 9 ^? deviations f ! g5]al /&>d = ! bett] purpose ( effect+ utility & p[]1 & become s _m species ( a high] ord]2 :]e nature is elevat$ into gr&eur1 maje/y1 & sublimity4 ,!re is ,,an ,,ideal ,,9 ,,attitude z well z 9 ! =m ( ! head & body4 ,?is ideal is exactly oppos$ to ! academical rule m5tion$ by ,dufresnoy1 ,reynolds1 & o!rs1 namely1 t ! "r leg & left arm1 or ! left leg & "r arm1 %\ld be advanc$ or )drawn toge!r4 ,^! are ! m]e attitudes ( progression1 n ^? ( expression2 & ! academical rule is only an academical blund]4 ,to any?+ b walk+--to ! free & unemb>rass$ expressions ( ! body1 x is1 inde$1 q inapplicable1 & c\ld produce only contortion4 ,! rule ( ideal attitude1 :i* ,i long ago d$uc$1 bo? f physiological pr9ciples1 & f ! practice ( ! ,greek arti/s1 is t all ! p>ts ( "o side ( ! body %\ld be advanc$ or )drawn toge!r2 t :5 "o side is advanc$1 ! o!r %\ld be )drawn2 & t :5 ! "r arm is elevat$1 ext5d$1 or b5t =w>d1 ! left leg %\ld be elevat$1 ext5d$1 or b5t backw>d--9 all respects ! rev]se ( ! academical rule1 s complac5tly m5tion$ by ,dufresnoy1 ,reynolds1 c4 ,! f\ndation ( ?is rule 9 ! necess>y balance ( ! body1 & t di/ribution ( motion :i* equally animates e "p1 mu/ be obvi\s to e "o4 ,x is illu/rat$ by ! f9e/ /atues ( ! ,greeks1 :]ev] ! expression int5d$ 0 free & unemb>rass$1 & ev5 9 ^?1 z ! ,laocoon & 8 sons1 :]e1 ?\gh ! action 0 con/ra9$ & convulsive1 ! sculptor 0 yet at lib]ty to employ ! mo/ beautiful attitude4 ,x is ab&on$ 9 ^! great works1 :5 ei!r action emb>rass$ by purpose1 or cl[ni%ness1 z 9 ! ,danc+ ,faun1 are express$4#dh ,i h n[ only to add1 ) ,moreau1 t individual beauty1 ! mo/ p]fect1 diff]s always greatly f ! ideal1 & t :i* is lea/ remov$ f x1 is v difficult to be f\nd4 ,h5ce1 9 all languages1 ! epi!t r>e is atta*$ to beauty2 & ! ,italians ev5 call x pellegr9a1 =eign1 to indicate t !y h n frequ5tly an opportunity ( see+ x3 !y speak ( bellezze pellegr9e1--leggiadria s+ol>e e pellegr9a4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,! ,,ideal ,,( ,,female ,,beauty4 ,hom9um divmque voluptas1 alma ,v5us4 ,( ?is1 ! mo/ p]fect models h be5 creat$ by ,grecian art4 ,few1 we are told1 7 ! liv+ beauties1 f :om su* ideal model c\ld be fram$4 ,! difficulty ( f9d+ ^! among ! wom5 ( ,greece1 mu/ h be5 consid]able1 :5 ,praxiteles & ,apelles 7 oblig$ to h rec\rse1 9 a great] or less degree1 to ! same p]son1 = ! beauties ( ! ,v5us ( ,cnidos1 execut$ 9 :ite m>ble1 & ! ,v5us ( ,cos1 pa9t$ 9 colors4 ,x is ass]t$ by ,a!neus1 t bo? ^! productions 71 9 "s measure1 tak5 f ,phryne ( ,!spia1 9 ,boeotia1 !n a c\rtesan at ,a!ns4 ,bo? productions are said to h repres5t$ ,phryne com+ out ( ! sea1 on ! bea* ( ,sciron1 9 ! ,s>onic gulf1 betwe5 ,a!ns & ,eleusis1 :]e %e 0 wont to ba!4 ,x is said1 t !re1 at ! fea/ ( ,neptune1 ,phryne1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! p ( ,eleusis1 hav+ ca/ aside h] dress1 & all[+ h] long hair to fall ov] h] %\ld]s1 plung$ into ! sea1 & sport$ long amid its waves4 ,an imm5se numb] ( spectators cov]$ ! %ore2 & :5 %e came out ( x1 all exclaim$1 ,x is ,v5us :o rises f ! wat]s6 ,! p w\ld actually h tak5 h] = ! goddess1 if %e _h n be5 well kn[n to !m4 ,apelles & ,praxiteles1 we are told1 7 bo? ^u ! %ore2 & bo? resolv$ to repres5t ! bir? ( ,v5us accord+ to ! beautiful model :i* !y _h j beheld4 ,su* is said to h be5 ! orig9 ( two ( ! greate/ works ( antiquity4 ,! "w ( ,apelles1 kn[n "u ! "n ( ,v5us ,anadyom5e1 0 plac$ by ,ces> 9 ! temple ( ,v5us ,g5itrix1 aft] ! conque/ ( ,greece4 ,an idea ( ! sculpture ( ,praxiteles is suppos$ to h be5 imp]fectly pres]v$ to mod]n times 9 ! ,v5us de ,m$ici4 ,we are f>!r told1 t1 aft] hav+ /udi$ sev]al attitudes1 ,phryne fanci$ to h discov]$ "o m favorable ?an ! re/ = display+ all h] p]fections2 & t bo? pa9t] & sculptor 7 oblig$ to adopt h] favorite po/ure4 ,f ?is cause1 ! ,v5us ( ,cnidos1 & ! ,v5us ( ,cos1 7 s p]fectly alike1 t x 0 impossible to rem>k any diff]5ce 9 _! features1 cont\r1 or m p>ticul>ly 9 _! attitude4 ,! pa9t+ ( ,apelles1 x is add$1 0 f> f excit+ s mu* en?usiasm among ! ,greeks1 z ! sculpture ( ,praxiteles4 ,!y fanci$ t ! m>ble mov$2 t x seem$ to speak2 & _! illusion1 says ,lucian1 0 s great1 t !y end$ by apply+ _! lips to ^? ( ! goddess4#di ,praxiteles1 says ,flaxman1 excell$ 9 ! highe/ graces ( y\? & beauty4 ,he is said to h excell$ n only o!r sculptors1 b himself1 by 8 m>ble /atues 9 ! ,c]amicus ( ,a!ns2 b 8 ,v5us 0 pref]able to all o!rs 9 ! _w1 & _m sail$ to ,cnidos = ! purpose ( see+ x4 ,?is sculptor hav+ made two /atues ( ,v5us1 "o ) drap]y1 ! o!r )\t1 ! ,coans pref]r$ ! clo!d figure1 on acc\nt ( its sev]e mode/y1 ! same price be+ set ^u ea*4 ,! citiz5s ( ,cnidos took ! reject$ /atue1 & aft]w>d refus$ x to ,k+ ,nicom$es1 :o w\ld h =giv5 !m an imm5se debt 9 return2 b !y 7 resolv$ to suff] any?+ s long z ?is /atue by ,praxiteles ennobl$ ,cnidos4444 ,?is figure is kn[n by ! descriptions ( ,lucian & ,c$r5us1 & x is repres5t$ on a m$al ( ,c>acalla & ,plautilla1 9 ! imp]ial cab9et ( ,france4 ,?is ,v5us 0 /ill 9 ,cnidos dur+ ! reign ( ! emp]or ,alcadius1 ab\t f\r hundr$ ye>s aft] ,*ri/4 ,?is /atue seems to (f] ! fir/ idea ( ! ,v5us de ,m$ici1 :i* is likely to be ! repetition ( ano!r ,v5us1 ! "w ( ?is arti/4 ,he else:]e says ( ! ,v5us ( ,praxiteles1 x 0 ! mo/ admir$ female /atue ( all antiquity1 ^: beauty is z p]fect z x is elevat$1 & z innoc5t z p]fect2 f :i* ! ,m$icean ,v5us seems b a det]iorat$ v>iety4 ,flaxman /ates t he himself _h se51 9 ! /ables ( ! ,bras*i palace1 a /atue :i* he suppos$ might be ! orig9al "w ( ,praxiteles4 ,/range to tell1 no?+ is n[ kn[n ( its fate6 ,a suppos$ ca/ f ?is1 or f a copy ( x1 con=m+ to ! figure on ! model ( ,c>acalla1 is to be se5 at ! ,royal ,academy4 ,( ! ,,v5us ,,de ,,m$ici1 ,flaxman says1 x 0 s mu* a favorite ( ! ,greeks & ,romans1 t a hundr$ anci5t repetitions ( ?is /atue h be5 notic$ by travell]s4 ,! individual figure is said to h be5 f\nd 9 ! =um ( ,octavia4 ,! /yle ( sculpture seems to h be5 lat] ?an ,alex&] ! ,great4 ,let u n[ briefly exam9e ?is ,model ( ,female ,beauty4 ,! ,v5us de ,m$ici repres5ts woman at t age :5 e beauty has j be5 p]fect$4 ,! ,v5us de ,m$ici at ,flor5ce1 says ,w9ckelmann1 is l a rose :i*1 aft] a beautiful daybreak1 exp&s its leaves to ! fir/ ray ( ! sun1 & repres5ts t age :5 ! limbs assume a m f9i%$ =m & ! brea/ beg9s to develop itself4 ,! size ( ! head is suffici5tly small to leave t pr$om9ance to ! vital organs 9 ! *e/1 :i*1 z already said1 makes ! nutritive sy/em peculi>ly t ( woman4 ,?is is ! fir/ & mo/ /rik+ pro( ( ! pr(\nd k ( ! arti/1 ! pr9ciples ( ^: art taught him t ! va/ head1 on ! contr>y1 0 ! *>act]i/ic ( a v diff]5t female p]sonage4#ej--;,9 m5tion+ ! head1 x is sc>cely possible to avoid notic+ ! ri* curls ( ! hair4 ,! eyes next fix our att5tion by _! s(t1 sweet1 & glad expression4 ,?is is produc$ ) exquisite art4 ,to give s(tness1 ! ridges ( ! eyebr[s are r\nd$4 ,to give sweetness1 ! "u eyelid1 :i* ,i w\ld call ! expressive "o1 is slightly rais$4 ,! eyes ( ,v5us1 says ,w9ckelmann1 are small]1 & ! slight elevation ( ! l[] eyelid produces t langui%+ look call$ by ! ,greeks ,greek3 hygron4 ,to give ! expression ( gladness or ( pleasure1 ! op5+ ( ! eyelids is dim9i%$1 9 ord] to dim9i%1 or p>tially to exclude1 ! excess ( ^? impressions1 :i* make ev5 pleasure pa9ful4 ,o!r exquisite details ab\t ^? eyes1 conf] on !m unp>allel$ beauty4 ,/ill1 z obs]v$ by ! same writ]1 ?is look is f> f ^? traits indicative ( lascivi\sness1 ) :i* "s mod]n arti/s h ?\ght to *>act]ize _! ,v5uses4 ,love 0 consid]$ by ! anci5t ma/]s1 z by ! wise philosoph]s ( ^? times1 to use ! expression ( ,euripides1 z ! c\nsellor ( wisdom3 ,greek3 t sophia p>$r\s ertas4 ,"o ?+ mu/ be obs]v$3 !re is n "h1 z 9 "s less happy repres5tations ( ,v5us1 any d[nca/ look1 b t aspect ( :i* ,meta/asio1 9 8 ,inno a ,v5]e1 says3 ,tu colle lucide ,pupille *i>e1 ,fai lieta e f]tile ,la t]ra e'l m>e4 ,& aga93 ,pre/o tuoi placidi ,a/ri rid5ti1 ,le nubi fuggono1 ,fuggono i v5ti4#ea ,art /ill pr(\nd] 0 p]haps %[n 9 ! configuration ( ! nose4 ,! peculi> connexion ( ?is s5se ) love 0 evid5tly well und]/ood by ! great arti/2 & x is only gross ignorance t has made "s p]sons "q ! appropriat5ess ( t developm5t ( ! organ :i* is "h repres5t$4 ,n only is smell peculi>ly associat$ ) love1 9 all ! high] animals1 b x is associat$ ) reproduction 9 plants1 ! majority ( :i* evolve delici\s odors only :5 ! fl[]s or organs ( fructification are display$4#eb--;,connect$1 inde$1 ) ! capacity ( ! nose1 & ! cavities :i* op5 into x1 is ! projection ( ! :ole middle "p ( ! face4 ,9 ! m\?1 also1 is transc5d5t art display$4 ,x is r5d]$ sweet & delicate by ! lips be+ undevelop$ at _! angles1#ec & by ! upp] lip cont9u+ s1 = a consid]able portion ( its l5g?4 ,x expresses love ( pleasure by ! c5tral developm5t ( bo? lips1 & active love by ! especial developm5t ( ! l[] lip4#ed ,by ! slight op5+ ( ! lips1 x expresses desire4#ee ,^! exquisite details1 & ! omission ( no?+ intellectually expressive t nature pres5ts1 h l$ "s to imag9e ! ,v5us de ,m$ici to be a portrait4 ,9 do+ s1 h[ev]1 !y see n ! pr(\nd calculation requir$ = ne>ly e feature ?us imbodi$4 ,m /rangely /ill1 !y =get ! ideal "* ( ! :ole3 ! notion ( ?is ideal head be+ too small1 is especially oppos$ to su* an op9ion4 ,if m is want+1 x w surely be en\gh t ! o!r works :i* we are suppos$ to possess ( ,praxiteles1 ! ,faun & ! ,cupid1 pres5t simil> f9e details4#ef ,)al1 ! look is amor\s & langui%+1 )\t be+ lascivi\s1 & is z p[]fully m>k$ by gay coquetry1 z by *>m+ innoc5ce4 ,! "y neck is exquisitely =m$4 ,its beautiful curves %[ a ?\s& capabilities ( motion2 & its admirably-calculat$ swell ov] ! organ ( voice1 results f1 & m>ks1 ! /ruggl+ expression ( /ill my/]i\s love4 ,9 %ort1 ,i "k no antique figure t displays su* pr(\nd k1 bo? physiological & physiognomical1 ev5 9 ! mo/ m9ute details2 & all :o are capable ( appreciat+ ^! ?+s1 may well smile at ^? :o pret5d to comp>e ) ?is any o!r head ( ,v5us n[ kn[n to u4 ,) reg>d to ! re/ ( ! figure1 ! admirable =m ( ! mamm1 :i*1 )\t be+ too l>ge1 occupy ! bosom1 rise f x ) v>i\s curves on e side1 & all t]m9ate 9 _! apices1 leav+ ! inf]ior "p 9 ea* precisely z p5d5t z gravity dem&s2 ! flexile wai/ g5tly tap]+ little f>!r ?an ! middle ( ! trunk2 ! l[] portion ( x beg9n+ gradually to swell out high] ev5 ?an ! umbilicus2 ! gradual expansion ( ! haun*es1 ^? expressive *>act]i/ics ( ! female1 indicat+ at once h] fitness = ! (fice ( g5]ation & t ( p>turition--expansions :i* increase till !y rea* _! greate/ ext5t at ! sup]ior "p ( ! ?ighs2 ! fulness beh9d _! upp] "p1 & on ea* side ( ! l[] "p ( ! sp9e1 comm5c+ z high z ! wai/1 & t]m9at+ 9 ! /ill great] swell ( ! di/9ctly-sep>at$ hips2 ! flat expanse betwe5 ^!1 & imm$iately ov] ! fissure ( ! hips1 reliev$ by a consid]able dimple on ea* side1 & caus$ by ! elevation ( all ! surr\nd+ p>ts2 ! f9e swell ( ! broad abdom5 :i*1 soon rea*+ its greate/ height1 imm$iately "u ! umbilicus1 slopes g5tly to ! mons v5]is1 b1 n>r[ at its upp] "p1 exp&s m widely z x desc5ds1 :ile1 ?r\gh\t1 x is lat]ally di/+ui%$ by a g5tle depression f ! m muscul> p>ts on ! sides ( ! pelvis2 ! beautiful elevation ( ! mons v5]is2 ! contigu\s elevation ( ! ?ighs :i*1 almo/ at _! comm5cem5t1 rise z high z x does2 ! admirable expansion ( ^! bodies inw>d1 or t[>d ea* o!r1 by :i* !y almo/ seem to intrude ^u ea* o!r1 & to exclude ea* f its respective place2 ! g5]al n>r[ness ( ! upp]1 & ! unembraceable expansion ( ! l[] "p ?us exquisitely =m$2--all ^! admirable *>act]i/ics ( female =m1 ! m]e exi/5ce ( :i* 9 woman mu/1 "o is tempt$ to imag9e1 be1 ev5 to h]self1 a s\rce ( ineffable pleasure--^! con/itute a be+ wor?y1 z ! p]sonification ( beauty1 ( occupy+ ! temples ( ,greece2 pres5t an object f9]1 alas6 ?an nature seems ev5 capable ( produc+2 & (f] to all nations & ages a !me ( admiration & delight4 ,well might ,?omson say3-- ,s /&s ! /atue t en*ants ! _w1 ,s b5d+ tries to veil ! mat*less boa/1 ,! m+l$ beauties ( exult+ ,greece4 ,& ,byron1 9 yet high] /ra93-- ,!re1 too1 ! goddess loves 9 /one1 & fills ,! air ar\nd ) beauty2 )9 ! pale ,we /&1 & 9 t =m & face behold ,:at ,m9d c make1 :5 ,nature's self w\ld fail2 ,& to ! fond idolat]s ( old ,envy ! innate fla% :i* su* a s\l c\ld m\ld3 ,we gaze & turn away1 & "k n :]e1 ,dazzl$ & drunk ) beauty1 till ! he>t ,reels ) its fulness2 !re--= ev] !re-- ,*a9$ to ! *>iot ( triumphal ,art1 ,we /& z captives1 & w\ld n dep>t4 ,,proportions ,,( ,,! ,,v5us ,,de ,,m$ici4 ,has sev5 heads1 sev5 p>ts1 & ?ree m9utes 9 height4 ,f ! top ( ! head to ! root ( ! hair1 ?ree p>ts4 ,f ! root ( ! hair to ! eyebr[s1 ?ree p>ts4 ,f ! eyebr[s to ! bottom ( ! nose1 ?ree p>ts4 ,f ! bottom ( ! nose1 to t ( ! *91 ?ree p>ts4 ,f ! bottom ( ! *9 to ! depression betwe5 ! clavicles1 f\r p>ts1 ?ree m9utes & a half4 ,f ! depression betwe5 ! clavicles to ! l[e/ "p ( ! brea/1 t5 p>ts1 five m9utes4 ,f ! l[e/ "p ( ! brea/ to ! middle ( ! navel1 eight p>ts1 ?ree m9utes4 ,f ! middle ( ! navel to ! base ( ! belly & beg9n+ ( ! ?ighs1 elev5 p>ts1 f\r m9utes & a half4 ,f ! bottom ( ! belly to ! middle ( ! kneepan1 eighte5 p>ts1 two m9utes4 ,f ! middle ( ! kneepan to ! beg9n+ ( ! flank1 tw5ty-sev5 p>ts1 ?ree m9utes4 ,f ! middle ( ! kneepan to ! gr\nd1 tw5ty-five p>ts1 ?ree m9utes4 ,! greate/ height ( ! foot1 ?ree p>ts1 five m9utes & a half4 ,f ! neck ( ! leg to ! end ( ! toes1 n9e p>ts & half a m9ute4 ,f ! comm5cem5t ( ! hum]us to ! elb[1 tw5ty p>ts1 two m9utes4 ,f ! elb[ to ! beg9n+ ( ! h&1 f\rte5 p>ts4 ,! greate/ bread? ( ! =e>m1 five p>ts4 ,! greate/ bread? ( ! arm1 f\r p>ts1 five m9utes4 ,f ! depression betwe5 ! clavicles to ! beg9n+ ( ! deltoid1 six p>ts1 f\r m9utes4 ,f ! depression betwe5 ! clavicles to ! po9t ( ! nipple1 t5 p>ts & half a m9ute4 ,betwe5 ! po9ts ( ! nipples1 elev5 p>ts1 two m9utes4 ,! bread? ( ! torso1 at ! level ( ! l[e/ "p ( ! brea/1 fifte5 p>ts1 f\r m9utes & a half4 ,! lea/ bread? ( ! torso1 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! flanks1 f\rte5 p>ts1 "o m9ute4 ,! greate/ bread? ( ! torso1 at ! bottom ( ! flanks1 sev5te5 p>ts1 five m9utes4 ,! bread? f ! tro*ant] ( "o ?igh to t ( ! o!r1 n9ete5 p>ts1 ?ree m9utes4 ,! greate/ bread? ( ! ?igh1 n9e p>ts1 five m9utes4 ,! greate/ bread? ( ! knee1 six p>ts4 ,! greate/ bread? ( ! calf ( ! leg1 six p>ts1 ?ree m9utes & a half4 ,! bread? f "o ankle to ano!r1 f\r p>ts4 ,! lea/ bread? ( ! foot1 ?ree p>ts1 ?ree m9utes & a half4 ,! greate/ bread? ( ! foot1 five p>ts & "o m9ute4 ,! arms ( ! ,v5us de ,m$ici1 x %\ld be obs]v$1 are ( mod]n con/ruction1 & unwor?y ( ! figure4 ,! ,,v5us ,,( ,,naples is ( altoge!r a diff]5t species ( beauty4 ,t figure repres5ts an ample & r voluptu\s matron1 9 an attitude ( sc>cely surpassable grace4 ,! "* ( ! face is beautiful1 9 pr(ile especially1 & its expression is grave4 ,! m\? has mu* ( nature ab\t x1 resembl+ greatly 9 "* t feature z se5 9 ,s\!rn ,europe2 b its expression1 ?\gh t5d]1 is some:at s]i\s or fretful4 ,x pres5ts1 h[ev]1 _m faults4 ,! head is mon/r\s4 ,! neck is equally s1 z well z co>se4 ,! =ehead1 eyes1 nose1 & *eeks1 pres5t none ( ! f9ely-calculat$ details1 :i* surprise & delight u 9 ! ,v5us de ,m$ici4 ,! mamm are n true4 ,aft] ^!1 ! &rogyn\s be+1 call$ ! ,,v5us ,,( ,,arles1 is sc>cely wor?y ( be+ m5tion$4 ,%e d]ives "s gr&eur f antique "* & symmetry1 & "s f h] mascul9e features4 ,! head is mon/r\s2 ! neck horrid2 ! nose heavy2 ! m\? contemptu\s4 ,^u ! :ole1 nei!r ! graceful matron ( ,naples1 nor ! manlike woman ( ! ,l\vre1 c be br\ght into competition ) ! ,v5us de ,m$ici4 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,defects ,,( ,,beauty4 ,defects ( ! ,locomotive ,sy/em4 #a4 ,if ! :ole figure be ei!r too broad or too tall2 because1 ! fir/ is inelegant1 & ! la/ unfem99e4 ,p]sons :o are too tall are g5]ally ill at ease & de/itute ( grace1 a great] mis=tune to a woman ?an to a man4--,too l[ a /ature is a defect less disagreeable1 especially = wom54 ,if1 h[ev]1 on ! "o side1 x gives prett9ess1 on ! o!r1 x deprives ( all impos+ appe>ance4 #b4 ,if ! bones1 except ^? ( ! pelvis1 be n proportionally small2 because1 9 woman1 ?is portion ( ! locomotive sy/em ought to be completely subord9ate to ! vital4 #c4 ,if ! ligam5ts1 & ! articulations !y =m1 be n proportionally small2 because1 9 woman1 ?is portion ( ! locomotive sy/em ought also to be completely subord9ate to ! vital4 ,ei!r ( ! la/ two defects w produce :at is t]m$ clums9ess4 #d4 ,if ! muscles1 g5]ally m sl5d]1 feeble1 s(t & yield+ ?an 9 man1 be n l>ge ar\nd ! pelvis1 & delicate else:]e2 because1 ?is is necess>y1 = reasons :i* w be aft]w>d assign$1 z well z to p]mit ! ease & suppl5ess ( ! movem5ts4 #e4 ,if1 9 a mature female1 ! l5g? ( ! neck1 comp>$ ) ! trunk1 be n proportionally some:at less ?an 9 ! male2 because1 9 h]1 ! subord9ation ( ! locomotive sy/em1 ! pr$om9ance ( ! vital1 & ! dep5dance ( ! m5tal1 are naturally connect$ ) ! %ort] v]tebrae & %ort] c\rse ( ! vessels ( ! neck4 99 99 99 99 99 7,! foll[+ defects1 f #f to #ae inclusive1 h necess>ily a ref]5ce also to ! vital sy/em2 because1 ! =m & capacity ( ! cavities "h spok5 (1 z =m$ by ! osse\s frame ( ! locomotive sy/em1 h an obvi\s relation to ! vital organs1 :i* ^! cavities are de/9$ to conta947 #f4 ,if ! upp] "p ( ! body 7exclusive ( ! bosom7 be proportionally m1 & ! l[] "p ( ! body less prom95t1 ?an 9 man1 s t1 :5 %e /&s p]fectly upright or lies on ! back1 ! space betwe5 ! brea/s is m prom95t ?an ! mons v5]is2 because1 su* con=mation is injuri\s to impregnation1 ge/ation1 & p>turition4 #g4 ,if ! %\ld]s seem wid] ?an ! haun*es2 because1 ?is appe>ance g5]ally arises f ! n>r[ness ( ! pelvis1 & its consequ5t unfitness = ge/ation & p>turition4 #h4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 ! %\ld]s be mu* n>r[] ?an ! pelvis2 because1 ?is indicates extreme weakness ( ! locomotive sy/em4 #i4 ,if ! %\ld]s d n slope f ! l[] "p ( ! neck2 because1 ?is %[s t ! upp] "p ( ! *e/ is n suffici5tly wide ( itself1 b is r5d]$ angul> by ! muscul>ity1 c41 ( ! %\ld]s4 #aj4 ,if ! upp] "p ( ! *e/ be n relatively %ort & wide1 & if x owe n its wid? r to itself ?an to ! size ( ! %\ld]s2 because1 ?is %[s t ! vital organs conta9$ 9 ! *e/ are n suffici5tly exp&$4 #aa4 ,if1 9 y\?1 ! upp] "p ( ! trunk1 includ+ ! muscles mov+ ! %\ld]s1 d n =m an inv]t$ cone1 ^: apex is ! wai/2 because1 9 t case1 ! lightness & beauty ( ! locomotive sy/em are de/roy$ by ! unre/ra9$ expansion ( ! vital4 #ab4 ,if ! lo9s be n ext5d$ at ! exp5se ( ! *e/ above & ( ! limbs bel[2 because1 on ?is dep5ds _! capacity to receive organs enl>g$ or displac$ dur+ ge/ation4 #ac4 ,if ! back be n holl[2 because1 ?is %[s t ! pelvis is n suffici5tly deep to project po/]iorly1 nor consequ5tly ( suffici5t capacity = ge/ation & p>turition4 #ad4 ,if ! haun*es be n widely exp&$ 7z already impli$ 9 speak+ ( ! %\ld]s72 because1 ! int]ior cavity ( ! pelvis is !n insuffici5t = ge/ation & p>turition4 #ae4 ,if1 9 consequ5ce ( ! =m ( ! pelvis1 & ! ar* ( ! pubis be+ l>g]1 ! mons v5]is be n m prom95t ?an ! *e/2 because1 ! pelvic cavity is !n also insuffici5t = ge/ation & p>turition4 99 99 99 99 99 #af4 ,if ! ?ighs ( woman be n wid] ?an ^? ( man2 because1 ! wid? ( ! female pelvis1 & ! purposes :i* x s]ves1 require ?is4 #ag4 ,if ! size ( ! ?ighs be n l>ge1 ! haun*es z x 7 increas+ till !y rea* _! greate/ ext5t at ! upp] "p ( ! ?igh1 :i* ant]iorly rises z high z ! mons v5]is1 & if ! knees d n approximate4 #ah4 ,if ! arms & ! limbs be n relatively %ort1 if !y d n tap] greatly z !y rec$e f ! trunk1 & if ! h&s & feet be n small2 because1 x is ! vital sy/em & ! trunk1 :i* is by f> ! mo/ important "p 9 ! female4 #ai4 ,if ! l>ynx or flute "p ( ! ?roat be n small2 because _! magnitude indicates a mascul9e "*4 ,defects ( ! ,vital ,sy/em4 7,defects ( ! conta9$ vital p>ts1 :i* h be5 already impli$ 9 enum]at+ ^? ( ! conta9+ locomotive p>ts1 are n aga9 m5tion$ "h1 z ! intellig5t read] c easily supply ^! & simil> omissions47 #a4 ,if1 9 consequ5ce ( m>riage tak+ place be=e _! full gr[?1 wom5 rema9 always ( dim9i%$ /ature1 weak1 & pale4 #b4 ,if ! dige/ive organs be+ l>ge r ?an active1 is inconsi/5t ) ! great] activity & less p]man5ce ( all ! o!r functions1 secretion1 ge/ation1 c41 except$4 #c4 ,if ! absorb+ vessels1 be+ inactive1 are insuffici5t = l>ge secretions4 #d4 ,if ! circulat+ vessels1 be+ inactive & imp]fectly ramifi$1 leave ! sk9 cold1 opaque1 & de/itute ( complexion4 #e4 ,if ! secret+ vessels1 be+ inactive1 furni% nei!r ! plumpness necess>y to beauty1 nor ^? ov>ian1 ut]9e1 & mamm>y excretions on :i* prog5y is dep5dant4 #f4 ,if ! neck =m n an ins5sible transition betwe5 ! body & head1 be+ suffici5tly full to conceal ! muscles ( ! neck & ! flute "p ( ! ?roat4 #g4 ,if1 9 a "y woman1 ! mamm1 )\t be+ too l>ge1 d n occupy ! bosom1 & rise f x ) ne>ly equal curves on e side1 :i* simil>ly t]m9ate 9 _! apices2 or if1 9 ! mature woman1 !y d n1 :5 support$1 seem lat]ally to protrude some:at on ! space occupi$ by ! arms2 because1 ^! %[ t ?is important "p ( ! vital sy/em is insuffici5tly develop$4 #h4 ,if ! wai/1 tap]+ little f>!r ?an ! middle ( ! trunk1 & be+ suffici5tly m>k$1 especially 9 ! back & lo9s1 by ! approximation ( ! exp&$ pelvis1 be n also slightly encroa*$ on by ! plumpness ( all ! contigu\s p>ts1 )\t h[ev] de/roy+ its elegance1 s(tness & flexibility2 because1 ?is simil>ly %[s feebl5ess 9 a portion ( t sy/em1 :i* is by f> ! mo/ important to woman4 #i4 ,if ! wai/ be broad] ?an ! upp] "p ( ! trunk1 includ+ ! muscles mov+ ! %\ld]s2 because1 ?is indicates t expansion ( ! /oma*1 liv]1 & o!r gl&s1 :i* is g5]ally ! result ( _! excessive use or excitem5t4 ,x is att5d$ ) a common look & an inelegant appe>ance4 #aj4 ,if ! abdom5 be n mod]ately exp&$1 its upp] portion beg9n+ to swell out1 high] ev5 ?an ! umbilicus1 & its greate/ projection be+ almo/ imm$iately "u t po9t2 because1 ?is %[s a weakness ( ! vital sy/em1 & a disproportion to ! p>ts imm$iately above4 #aa4 ,if ! abdom51 :i* %\ld be highe/ imm$iately "u ! umbilicus1 slope n g5tly t[>d ! mons v5]is1 & be m prom95t else:]e2 because ?is is ! result ( t excessive expansion :i* takes place dur+ p>turition4 #ab4 ,if ! abdom51 :i*1 z well z be+ elevat$1 %\ld be n>r[ at its upp] "p1 become z broad !re z bel[1 & lose t g5tle lat]al depression by :i* x is di/+ui%$ f ! m muscul> p>ts on ! sides ( ! pelvis2 because1 ?is indicates ! op]ation ( ! causes m5tion$ 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph4 #ac4 ,if a rem>kable fulness exi/ n beh9d ! upp] "p ( ! haun*es1 & on ea* side ( ! l[] "p ( ! sp9e1 comm5c+ z high z ! wai/1 & t]m9at+ 9 ! /ill great] swell ( ! di/9ctly sep>at$ hips2 ! flat expanse betwe5 ^! & imm$iately ov] ! fissure ( ! hips1 be+ reliev$ by a consid]able dimple on ea* side1 caus$ by ! elevation ( all ! surr\nd+ p>ts2 because1 x indicates feebl5ess 9 t sy/em :i* is mo/ ess5tial to woman4 #ad4 ,if ! cellul> tissue & ! plumpness :i* is connect$ ) x1 d n pr$om9ate1 s z to oblit]ate all di/9ct projection ( ! muscles2 because1 ?is likewise %[s t an important portion ( ! vital sy/em is feeble1 & x deprives woman ( ! =ms :i* are necess>y to love4 ,no?+ c completely comp5sate1 9 woman1 = ! absolute want ( plumpness4 ,! features ( meag] p]sons are h>d2 !y h a dry & arid physiognomy2 ! m\? is )\t *>m2 ! color is )\t fre%ness2 _! limbs seem ill unit$ ) _! body2 & all _! movem5ts are abrupt & co>se4 #ae4 ,if plumpness be too pr$om9ant2 because1 x !n de/roys ! di/9ctness ( p>ts1 & con/itutes an excess productive ( inconv5i5ce4 #af4 ,if t excessive plumpness be brok51 z x 71 into masses2 because1 x con/itutes co>s5ess ( ! vital sy/em4 #ag4 ,if =m] plumpness h left ! previ\sly-fill$ cellul> tissue & exp&$ integum5ts enfeebl$2 because1 t con/itutes flaccidity4 #ah4 ,if ! almo/ entire absorption ( adipose sub/ance h f9ally left ! bones angul>1 ! muscles & o!r p>ts p]man5tly rigid1 & ! sk9 dry2 because1 t indicates decay ( ! vital sy/em1 & *>act]izes age4 #ai4 ,if ! sk9 be n f9e1 s(t1 & :ite1 delicate1 ?91 & transp>5t1 fre% & animat$1 if ! complexion be n pure & vivid1 if ! hair be n f9e1 s(t1 & luxuriant1 & if ! nails be n smoo?1 transp>5t1 & rose-color$2 because1 ^! likewise %[ ! feebl5ess ( t sy/em :i* is mo/ important to woman4 ,defects ( ! ,m5tal ,sy/em4 #a4 ,if ! head1 comp>$ ) ! trunk1 be n less ?an t ( ! male2 because1 ! m5tal sy/em1 9 ! female1 ought to be subord9ate to ! vital1 & ! rev]se is inconsi/5t ) ! heal?ful & happy ex]cise ( h] faculties z woman4 #b4 ,if ! organs ( s5se be n proportionally l>g]1 :5 comp>$ ) ! bra91 & m delicately outl9$ ?an 9 ! male2 because1 s5sibility %\ld exce$ reason+ p[]1 9 ! female4 #c4 ,if ! bra9 79 o!r words7 be n proportionally small]1 :5 comp>$ ) ! organs ( s5se1 ?an 9 ! male2 because1 reason+ p[] %\ld be subord9ate to s5sibility 9 ! female4 #d4 ,if ! c]ebel be n proportionally small]1 :5 comp>$ ) ! organs ( s5se1 ?an 9 ! male2 because1 volunt>y p[] %\ld also be subord9ate to s5sibility1 9 ! female4 #e4 ,if ! c]ebel be n n>r[ & po9t$ po/]iorly1 t is1 long r ?an broad 7its g5]al =m 9 woman72 because1 ! volitions ( woman %\ld be int5se1 n p]man5t4 #f4 ,if ! =ehead be n l>ge 9 proportion to ! backhead1 b on ! contr>y l[1 or v n>r[2 because1 ! =m] be+ ! seat ( obs]vation1 if ! organ be small1 ! function mu/ be correspond+ly s1 & 9 t case passion w probably pr$om9ate4 #g4 ,if ! delicacy ( ! sk9 p]mit n to ! t\* ( woman correspond+ delicacy4 #h4 ,if ! m\? be n small1 or ext5d mu* beyond ! no/rils1 & if ! lips be n delicately outl9$ & ( v]million hue4 #i4 ,if ! nose be n ne>ly 9 ! same direction ) ! =ehead1 or if m ?an a slight inflexion is to be se54 #aj4 ,if ! eyes be n relatively l>ge & p]fectly cle> 9 e "p4 #aa4 ,if ! eyelids1 in/ead ( an oblong1 =m ne>ly a circul> ap]ture1 resembl+ some:at ! eye ( monkeys1 cats1 or birds2 because1 ?is r\nd eye1 :5 l>ge1 & especially :5 d>k1 is always indicative ( a bold1 &1 :5 small1 ( a p]t ins5sibility ( "*4 #ab4 ,if ! eyela%es be n long & silky1 & if ! eyebr[s be n furni%$ ) f9e hairs1 & be n ar*$ & di/9ctly sep>at$4 #ac4 ,if ! e>s be prom95t1 s z to alt] ! regul>ity ( ! oval ( ! head1 or sur*>ge its outl9e ) prom95ces4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,ext]nal ,,indications2 ,,or ,,art ,,( ,,det]m9+ ,,! ,,precise ,,figure1 ,,! ,,degree ,,( ,,beauty1 ,,! ,,m9d1 ,,! ,,habits1 ,,& ,,! ,,age ,,( ,,woman1 ,,not)/&+ ,,! ,,aids ,,& ,,disguises ,,( ,,dress4 ,ext]nal ,indications ( ,figure4 ,ext]nal indications z to figure are requir$ *iefly z to ! limbs :i* are conceal$ by drap]y4 ,su* indications are af=d$ by ! walk1 to e c>eful obs]v]4 ,9 consid]+ ! proportion ( ! limbs to ! body--if1 ev5 9 a "y woman1 ! walk1 ?\gh o!rwise good1 be heavy1 or ! fall on ea* foot alt]nately be sudd51 & r ^u ! heel1 ! limbs1 ?\gh well =m$1 w be f\nd to be sl5d]1 comp>$ ) ! body4 ,?is con=mation accompanies any great proportional developm5t ( ! vital sy/em2 & x is frequ5tly obs]vable 9 ! wom5 ( ! ,saxon population ( ,engl&1 z 9 ! c\nties ( ,norfolk1 ,suffolk1 c4 ,9 wom5 ( ?is con=mation1 moreov]1 ! slighte/ indisposition or debility is indicat$ by a slight vibration ( ! %\ld]s1 & upp] "p ( ! *e/1 at e /ep1 9 walk+4 ,9 consid]+ ! l9e or direction ( ! limbs--if1 view$ beh9d1 ! feet1 at e /ep1 are ?r[n out backw>d1 & some:at lat]ally1 ! knees are c]ta9ly mu* incl9$ inw>d4 ,if1 view$ 9 front1 ! dress1 at e /ep1 is z x 71 ga!r$ t[>d ! front1 & !n toss$ m or less to ! opposite side1 ! knees are c]ta9ly too mu* incl9$4 ,9 consid]+ ! relative size ( ea* portion ( ! limbs--if1 9 ! walk1 !re be a great] or less approa* to ! m>*+ pace1 ! hip is l>ge2 = we naturally employ ! jo9t :i* is surr\nd$ ) ! mo/ p[]ful muscles1 &1 9 any approa* to ! m>*1 x is ! hip-jo9t :i* is us$1 & ! knee & ankle-jo9ts :i* rema9 proportionally unemploy$4 ,if1 9 ! walk1 ! tripp+ pace be us$1 z 9 an approa* to walk+ on tiptoes1 ! calf is l>ge2 = x is only by ! p[] ( its muscles t1 "u ! weight ( ! :ole body1 ! foot c be ext5d$ = ?is purpose4 ,if1 9 ! walk1 ! foot be rais$ 9 a slov5ly mann]1 & ! heel be se51 at ea* /ep1 to lift ! bottom ( ! dress upw>d & backw>d1 nei!r ! hip nor ! calf is well develop$4 ,ev5 ) reg>d to ! p>ts ( ! figure :i* are m expos$ to obs]vation by ! clos] adaptation ( dress1 mu* deception occurs4 ,x is1 !re=e1 necess>y to und]/& ! arts employ$ = ?is purpose1 at lea/ by skilful wom54 ,a p]son hav+ a n>r[ face1 we>s a bonnet ) wide front1 expos+ ! l[] "p ( ! *eeks4--,"o hav+ a broad face1 we>s a clos] front2 &1 if ! jaw be wide1 x is 9 appe>ance dim9i%$1 by br++ ! corn]s ( ! bonnet slop+ to ! po9t ( ! *94 ,a p]son hav+ a long neck has ! neck ( ! bonnet desc5d+1 ! neck ( ! dress ris+1 & fill+ m or less ( ! int]m$iate space4 ,"o hav+ a %ort neck has ! :ole bonnet %ort & close 9 ! p]p5dicul> direction1 & ! neck ( ! dress nei!r high nor wide4 ,p]sons ) n>r[ %\ld]s h ! %\ld]s or epaulets ( ! dress =m$ on ! out] edge ( ! natural %\ld]1 v full1 & bo? ! bosom & back ( ! dress runn+ 9 oblique folds1 f ! po9t ( ! %\ld] to ! middle ( ! bu/4 ,p]sons ) wai/s too l>ge1 r5d] !m less be=e by a /oma*]1 or some?+ equival5t1 & beh9d by a correspond+ =m ( ! dress1 mak+ ! top ( ! dress smoo? across ! %\ld]s1 & draw+ x 9 plaits to a n>r[ po9t at ! bottom ( ! wai/4 ,^? :o h ! bosom too small1 enl>ge x by ! oblique folds ( ! dress be+ ga!r$ above1 & by o!r means4 ,^? :o h ! l[] po/]ior "p ( ! body too flat1 elevate x by ! top ( ! skirt be+ ga!r$ beh9d1 & by o!r less skilful adju/m5ts1 :i* ?\gh hid1 are easily detect$4 ,^? :o h ! l[] "p ( ! body too prom95t ant]iorly1 r5d] x less app>5t by %ort5+ ! wai/1 by a correspond+ projection beh9d1 & by increas+ ! bosom above4 ,^? :o h ! haun*es too n>r[1 take c>e n to h ! bottom ( ! dress too wide4 ,tall wom5 h a wide skirt1 or sev]al fl\nces1 or bo? ( ^!3 %ort] wom51 a mod]ate "o1 b z long z c be conv5i5tly worn1 ) ! fl\nces1 c41 z l[ z possible4#eg ,ext]nal ,indications ( ,beauty4 ,additional indications z to beauty are requir$ *iefly :]e ! woman obs]v$ prec$es ! obs]v]1 & may1 by h] figure1 naturally & reasonably excite 8 int]e/1 :ile at ! same "t x w\ld be rude to turn & look 9 h] face on pass+4 ,!re c1 !re=e1 be no impropriety 9 obs]v+1 t ! conduct ( ^? :o may happ5 to meet ! woman ?us prec$+1 w diff] accord+ to ! sex ( ! p]son :o meets h]4--,if ! p]son meet+ h] be a man1 & ! lady obs]v$ be beautiful1 he w n only look ) an expression ( pleasure at h] c\nt5ance1 b w aft]w>d turn m or less completely to survey h] f beh9d4--,if ! p]son meet+ h] be a woman1 ! case becomes m complex4 ,if bo? be ei!r ugly or beautiful1 or if ! p]son meet+ h] be beautiful & ! lady obs]v$ be ugly1 !n x is probable1 t ! approa*+ p]son may pass by inatt5tively1 ca/+ m]ely an indiff]5t glance3 if1 on ! contr>y1 ! woman meet+ h] be ugly1 & ! lady obs]v$ be beautiful1 !n ! =m] w exam9e ! latt] ) ! sev]e/ scrut9y1 & if %e sees features & %ape )\t defect1 %e w in/antly fix h] eyes on ! head-dress or g[n1 9 ord] to f9d "s object = c5sure ( ! beautiful woman1 & = consolation 9 h] own ugl9ess4 ,?us he :o happ5s to foll[ a female may be aid$ 9 det]m9+ :e!r x is wor? 8 :ile to glance at h] face 9 pass+1 or to devise o!r means ( see+ x4 ,ev5 :5 ! face is se51 z 9 meet+ 9 ! /reets or else:]e1 inf9ite deception occurs z to ! degree ( beauty4 ,?is op]ates s p[]fully1 t a correct e/imate ( beauty is p]haps nev] =m$ at fir/4 ,?is dep5ds on ! =ms & /ill m on ! colors ( dress 9 relation to ! face4 ,= ?is reason1 x is necess>y to und]/& ! pr9ciples accord+ to :i* colors are employ$ at lea/ by skilful wom54#eh ,:5 x is ! fault ( a face to conta9 too mu* yell[1 !n yell[ ar\nd ! face is us$ to remove x by contra/1 & to cause ! r$ & blue to pr$om9ate4 ,:5 x is ! fault ( a face to conta9 too mu* r$1 !n r$ ar\nd ! face is us$ to remove x by contra/1 & to cause ! yell[ & blue to pr$om9ate4 ,:5 x is ! fault ( a face to conta9 too mu* blue1 !n blue ar\nd ! face is us$ to remove x by contra/1 & to cause ! yell[ & r$ to pr$om9ate4 ,:5 x is ! fault ( a face to conta9 too mu* yell[ & r$1 !n orange is us$4 ,:5 x is ! fault ( a face to conta9 too mu* r$ & blue1 !n purple is us$4 ,:5 x is ! fault ( a face to conta9 too mu* blue & yell[1 !n gre5 is us$4 ,x is necess>y to obs]ve t ! l9+s ( bonnets reflect _! color on ! face1 & transp>5t bonnets transmit t color1 & equally t+e x4 ,9 bo? ^! cases1 ! color employ$ is no long] t :i* is plac$ ar\nd ! face1 & :i* acts on x by contra/1 b ! opposite4 ,z gre5 ar\nd ! face height5s a fa9t r$ 9 ! *eeks by contra/1 s ! p9k l9+ ( ! bonnet aids x by reflection4 ,h5ce l9+s :i* reflect1 are g5]ally ( ! te9t :i* is want$ 9 ! face2 & c>e is !n tak5 t ^! l9+s d n come into ! direct view ( ! obs]v]1 & op]ate prejudicially on ! face by contra/1 ov]p[]+ ! little color :i* by reflection !y %\ld height54 ,! fronts ( bonnets s l9$1 !re=e1 d n wid5 greatly =w>d1 & br+ _! color into contra/4 ,:5 bonnets d wid51 ! prop] contra/ is us$ z a l9+2 b !n x has n a surface mu* adapt$ = reflection1 o!rwise x may p]=m t (fice1 & injure ! complexion4 ,und]/&+1 !n1 ! application ( ^! colors 9 a g5]al way1 x may be notic$1 t fair faces are by contra/ be/ act$ on by light colors1 & d>k faces by d>k] colors4 ,d>k faces are be/ affect$ by d>k] colors1 evid5tly because !y t5d to r5d] ! complexion fair]2 & fair faces d n require d>k colors1 because ! opposition w\ld be too /rong4 ,objects :i* con/itute a backgr\nd to ! face1 or :i*1 on ! contr>y1 reflect _! hues ^u x1 always ei!r improve or injure ! complexion4 ,= ?is & "s o!r reasons1 _m p]sons look bett] at home 9 _! ap>tm5ts ?an 9 ! /reets4 ,ap>tm5ts may1 inde$1 be peculi>ly calculat$ to improve individual complexions4 ,ext]nal ,indications ( ,m9d4 ,ext]nal indications z to m9d may be d]iv$ f figure1 f gait1 & f dress4 ,z to figure1 a c]ta9 symmetry or disproportion ( p>ts 7ei!r ( :i* dep5ds imm$iately ^u ! locomotive sy/em7--or a c]ta9 s(tness or h>dness ( =m 7:i* belongs exclusively to ! vital sy/em7--or a c]ta9 delicacy or co>s5ess ( outl9e 7:i* belongs exclusively to ! m5tal sy/em7--^! reciprocally d5ote a locomotive symmetry or disproportion--or a vital s(tness or h>dness--or a m5tal delicacy or co>s5ess1 :i* w be f\nd also indicat$ by ! features ( ! face4 ,^! qualities are m>k$ 9 pairs1 z ea* belong+ to its respective sy/em2 =1 )\t ?is1 !re c be no accurate or useful obs]vation4 ,z to gait1 t progression :i* advances1 unmodifi$ by any lat]al movem5t ( ! body1 or any p]p5dicul> ris+ ( ! head1 & :i* belongs exclusively to ! locomotive sy/em--or t s(t lat]al roll+ ( ! body1 :i* belongs exclusively to ! vital sy/em--or t p]p5dicul> ris+ or fall+ ( ! head at e impulse to /ep1 :i* belongs exclusively to ! m5tal sy/em--^! reciprocally indicate a correspond+ locomotive1 or vital1 or m5tal "*1 :i* w be f\nd also indicat$ by ! features ( ! face4 ,to put to ! te/ ! utility ( ^! elem5ts ( obs]vation & indication1 let u take a few in/ances4--,if1 9 any individual1 locomotive symmetry ( figure is comb9$ ) direct & l9e> gait1 a "* ( m9d & c\nt5ance n absolutely repulsive1 b cold & insipid1 is indicat$4--,if vital s(tness ( figure is comb9$1 ) a g5tle lat]al roll+ ( ! body 9 its gait1 voluptu\s "* & expression ( c\nt5ance are indicat$4--,if delicacy ( outl9e 9 ! figure1 be comb9$ ) p]p5dicul> ris+ ( ! head1 levity1 p]haps vanity1 is indicat$4--,b !re are innum]able comb9ations & modifications ( ! elem5ts :i* we h j describ$4 ,expressions ( pride1 det]m9ation1 ob/9acy1 c41 are all obs]vable4 ,! gait1 h[ev]1 is (t5 =m$1 9 a great measure1 by local or o!r circum/ances1 by :i* x is necess>y t ! obs]v] %\ld avoid be+ misl$4 ,dress1 z af=d+ indications1 ?\gh less to be reli$ on ?an ! prec$+1 is n )\t its value4 ,! woman :o possesses a cultivat$ ta/e1 & a correspond+ expression ( c\nt5ance1 w g5]ally be ta/efully dress$2 & ! vulg> woman1 ) features correspond+ly rude1 w easily be se5 ?r\gh ! inappropriate mask 9 :i* h] mill9] or dressmak] may h inve/$ h]4 ,ext]nal ,indications ( ,habits4 ,ext]nal indications z to ! p]sonal habits ( wom5 are bo? num]\s & int]e/+4 ,! habit ( *ild-be>+ is indicat$ by a flatt] brea/1 a broad] back1 & ?ick] c>tilages ( ! bones ( ! pubis1 necess>y wid5+ ! pelvis4 ,! same habit is also indicat$ by a high rise ( ! nape ( ! neck1 s t ! neck f t po9t b5ds consid]ably =w>d1 & by an elevation :i* is diffus$ betwe5 ! neck & %\ld]s4 ,^! all arise f tempor>y di/5sions ( ! trunk 9 wom5 ^: secretions are p[]ful1 f ! habit ( ?r[+ ! %\ld]s backw>d dur+ pregnancy1 & ! head aga9 =w>d1 to balance ! abdom9al weight2 & !y be/[ a "* ( vitality peculi>ly expressive4 ,! same habit is likewise indicat$ by an excess ( t lat]al roll+ ( ! body 9 walk+1 :i* 0 already describ$ z connect$ ) voluptu\s "*4 ,?is is a v c]ta9 indication1 z x arises f tempor>y di/5sions ( ! pelvis1 :i* no?+ else c occasion4 ,z 9 consequ5ce ( ?is lat]al roll+ ( ! body1 & ( ! weight ( ! body be+ mu* ?r[n =w>d 9 ge/ation1 ! toes are turn$ some:at inw>d1 !y aid 9 ! indication4 ,! habit ( nurs+ *ildr5 is indicat$1 bo? 9 mo!rs & nurs]y-maids1 by ! "r %\ld] be+ l>g] & m elevat$ ?an ! left4 ,! habits ( ! seam/ress are indicat$ by ! neck sudd5ly b5d+ =w>d1 & ! arms be+1 ev5 9 walk+1 consid]ably b5t =w>d or fold$ m or less upw>d f ! elb[s4 ,habits ( labor are indicat$ by a consid]able ?ickness ( ! %\ld]s bel[1 :]e !y =m an angle ) ! inn] "p ( ! arm2 &1 :]e ^! habits are ( ! l[e/ m5ial k9d1 ! elb[s are turn$ outw>d & ! palms ( ! h&s backw>d4 ,! habits ( _m ( ! inf]ior female pr(essions might easily be indicat$2 b !y w\ld be unsuitable to a "w l ?is4 ,ext]nal ,indications ( ,age4 ,ext]nal indications ( age are requir$ *iefly :]e ! face is veil$1 or :]e ! woman obs]v$ prec$es ! obs]v] & may reasonably excite 8 int]e/4 ,9 ei!r ( ^! cases1 if ! foot & ankle h lo/ a c]ta9 mod]ate plumpness1 & assum$ a c]ta9 s9ewy or bony appe>ance1 ! woman has g5]ally pass$ ! p]iod ( y\?4 ,if 9 walk+1 in/ead ( ! ball or out] edge ( ! foot fir/ /rik+ ! gr\nd1 x is ! heel :i* does s1 !n has ! woman 9 g5]al pass$ ! m]idian ( life4--,unlike ! la/ indication1 ?is is app>5t1 h[ev] ! foot & ankle may be clo!d4--,! reason ( ?is indication is ! decrease ( p[] :i* unfits ! muscles to receive ! weight ( ! body by ma9ta9+ ! ext5sion ( ! ankle-jo9t4 ,exceptions to ?is la/ indication are to be f\nd *iefly 9 wom5 9 :om ! developm5ts ( ! body are proportionally mu* great]1 ei!r f a tempor>y or a p]man5t cause1 ?an ^? ( ! limbs1 ! muscles ( :i* are consequ5tly incapable ( receiv+ ! weight ( ! body by ma9ta9+ ! ext5sion ( ! ankle-jo9t4 ,,app5dix ,,app5dix4 ,a4 ,mr4 ,walk]'s extravagant admiration ( ! ,grecian my?ology has l$ him to ov]-e/imate its influ5ce ^u poetry & ! arts4 ,t ^! 7 influ5c$1 9 a v important degree1 by ! religion ( ,greece1 no "o acqua9t$ ) ! hi/ory ( t nation1 c d\bt2 b1 t ! arts _c exi/ :]e ! ,grecian my?ology is n ! popul> religion1 is an op9ion unsupport$ by ! hi/ory ( ! pa/1 & altoge!r oppos$ to _! pres5t fl\ri%+ /ate 9 civiliz$ c\ntries4 ,9 no age or nation has ! art ( pa9t+1 = example1 atta9$ high] p]fection1 ?an 9 ,italy dur+ ! #ac? & #ad? c5turies2 a p]iod :i* has be5 call$ ! gold5 age ( ,italian art1 & its high excell5ce has be5 ju/ly attribut$ to ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! walls & cupolas1 says a late writ]1 ( new & spl5did *ur*es 7 imm$iately cov]$1 z if by en*antm5t1 ) ! miracles ( pa9t+s & sculpture--! eag] multitude 7 n compell$ to wait till g5ius _h labor$ = ye>s on :at x _h be5 ye>s 9 conceiv+4 ,^? eag] spirits seem$ to brea! out _! creations 9 full & mature beauty--p]=m+ at once1 by ! buoyant en]gies ( well-discipl9$ g5ius1 m ?an all ! cold precision ( me*anical k c ev] accompli%4 ,allan ,cunn+ham1 9 8 life ( ,flaxman1 ! arti/1 speak+ ( ^! pa9t+s1 rem>ks3 ,into ^! ,flaxman look$ ) ! eye ( a sculptor & ( a ,*ri/ian4 ,he saw1 he said1 t ! mi/ress to :om ! great arti/s ( ,italy _h d$icat$ _! g5ius 0 ! ,*ur*2 t !y 7 unto h] z *ief prie/s1 to int]pret h] t5ets & h] leg5ds to ! _w 9 a m brilliant language ?an t ( relics & images4 ,to h] illit]ate p1 ! ,*ur* address$ h]self ?r\gh ! eye1 & l$ _! s5ses captive by ! ext]nal magnific5ce ) :i* %e ov]:elm$ !m4 ,b x is unnecess>y to multiply quotations to prove ?is po9t4 ,flaxman nev] utt]$ a tru] say+1 ?an :5 he rem>k$1 t ! ,*ri/ian religion pres5ts p]sonages & subjects no less favorable to pa9t+ & sculpture ?an ! anci5t classics4 ,accord+ly1 we f9d among 8 own immortal productions1 t ! monum5t erect$ 9 memory ( ,miss ,lu%+ton1 9 ,k5t1 repres5t+ a "m m\rn+ = h] daught]1 com=t$ by a m9i/]+ angel1 0 inspir$ by t text ( holy writ1 ,bless$ are !y t m\rn2 & ! monum5t 9 memory ( ! family ( ,sir ,francis ,b>+ imbodies ^! words1 ,?y w be done--?y k+dom come--deliv] u f evil4 ,to ! fir/ motto belongs a devotional figure z l>ge z life-- ,h] looks commun+ ) ! skies2 a p]fect image ( piety & resignation4 ,on "o side1 imbody+ ,?y k+dom come1 a "m & daught] asc5d to ! skies welcom$ r ?an support$ by angels2 & on ! o!r1 express+ ! s5tim5t ,deliv] u f evil1 a male figure1 9 subdu$ agony1 appe>s 9 ! air1 :ile spirits ( good & evil cont5d = ! ma/]y4 ,?is has be5 consid]$ "o ( ! f9e/ pieces ( motionless poetry 9 ,engl&4 ,we hold1 !n1 t ,mr4 ,walk]'s rem>k t nei!r poetry nor ! arts c h be+1 )\t ! religion ( ,greece1 is f> f be+ su/a9$1 ei!r by hi/ory or obs]vation4 ,b4 ,! rem>ks ( ,mr4 ,walk]1 9 relation to ! duty ( p>5ts & tea*]s1 seem to u well-f\nd$ & judici\s4 ,if moral1 z well z intellectual & physical education1 be "p ( ! p>5tal duty1 !n x w\ld seem to foll[1 t x %\ld embrace ^? subjects :i* are ( ! mo/ importance1 bo? to ! physical & moral well-be+ ( ! *ild2 & surely1 ! relation ( ! sexes1 & ! due subjection ( ! animal prop5sities1 are n ! lea/ important ( ^!4 ,!re is a delicacy g5]ally felt & obs]v$ on ?is po9t1 :i* spr+s f a pr9ciple t we honor & respect1 :ile1 at ! same "t1 we d\bt :e!r x leads to favorable & auspici\s results4 ,no "o1 :o looks back ^u ! ye>s ( 8 own *ildhood1 c = a mom5t d\bt t judici\s advice & seasonable in=mation on c]ta9 subjects1 :i* 7 probably consid]$ ( a too delicate nature to be ev5 h9t$ at1 w\ld h be5 highly useful4 ,! "y w inevitably become initiat$ into c]ta9 vices & evil practices1 unless put on _! gu>d1 by ! w>n+ voice ( ^? !y love & respect4 ,!re are a v>iety ( passions1 affections1 & appetites1 :i* belong to our nature1 & 7 int5d$ :5 prop]ly direct$ & indulg$1 to promote our int]e/ & happ9ess4 ,^? "u consid]ation1 e>ly beg9 to manife/ !mselves1 &1 :5 left )\t ! re/ra9ts ( enlight5$ intellect & ! moral s5se1 inv>iably lead to disa/r\s consequ5ces4 ,! "q !n is1 %all ! "y & inexp]i5c$ be left to ! m]e accid5ts ( its condition1 )\t an ef=t to give x s\nd pr9ciples to gov]n x1 or )\t br++ "s cons]vative influ5ce to be> ^u x8 ,we ?9k1 ) ,mr4 ,walk]1 t x %\ld n4 ,bo? philosophy & reason prove ! dang] ( su* a c\rse4 ,! circum/ances :i* are connect$ ) sexual vices _c be :olly kept out ( view4 ,!y meet ! eye1 or are sugge/$ to ! imag9ation1 at almo/ e turn4 ,a ?\s& sc5es & incid5ts occur to excite ! passions1 if ! m9d is n =tifi$ aga9/ _! influ5ce4 ,^? :o are fa/idi\s1 & believe t delicacy =bids all allusion to su* subjects1 w say1 ,keep ! y\? 9 ignorance--conceal1 if possible1 ev]y?+ f 8 view1 t may excite ! passions4 ,/ill1 !re rema9 ! con/itutional susceptibilities2 passion & appetite _c be eradicat$1 & !y w (t5 be excit$ by incid5ts1 :i* ! mo/ wakeful vigilance w n detect or suspect4 ,! fact is1 t long be=e p>5ts are aw>e ( x1 ! *ild has obta9$ k on ^! subjects ?r\gh _m corrupt *annels2 & ! associations fir/ =m$1 are de/9$ to ex]t1 ev] aft]w>d1 a p[]ful influ5ce = evil4 ,! e>ly associations might1 by judici\s in/ruction on ! "p ( p>5ts1 be ( su* "*1 z to ?r[ ar\nd ! y\? a b>ri] almo/ impregnable4 ,z to ! "t & mann] ( imp>t+ ?is in/ruction1 x mu/ be left to ! wisdom & prud5ce ( tea*]s & p>5ts &1 p]haps1 z a g5]al rule1 x %\ld be left :olly to ! latt]4 ,c4 ,mu* has be5 writt5 on ! nature ( beauty1 f ! div9e ,plato1 :o d$icat$ "o ( 8 dialogues to ?is subject1 to ,"l ,jeffries1 ! editor ( ! ,ed9burgh ,review2 :o1 9 8 celebrat$ article 9 ! ,supplem5t to ! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica1 has excell$ all previ\s ef=ts 9 its elucidation1 & produc$ an essay1 :i* w /& an imp]i%able monum5t ( 8 ta/e1 le>n+1 & g5ius4 ,x is n our design to ent] ^u a consid]ation ( beauty 9 ! ab/ract1 or to attempt its analysis1 z ?is has be5 done by our au?or 9 a v able1 if n satisfactory mann]4 ,we take x1 h[ev]1 to d5ote t quality1 or assemblage & union ( qualities 9 ! objects ( our p]ception1 :e!r mat]ial1 intellectual1 or moral1 :i* we contemplate ) emotions ( pleasure2 & we ref] x to t int]nal s5se1 :i* is usually call$ ta/e4 ,:5 x is ask$1 :y a ?+ is beautiful1 x is n always easy to f9d a satisfactory answ]4 ,we f9d beauty 9 color1 9 s\nd1 9 =m1 9 motion1 9 ev]y?+4 ,we h beauties ( spee*1 beauties ( ?\ght1 beauties 9 art1 9 nature1 9 ! sci5ces1 9 actions1 9 affections1 & 9 *>act]s4 ,dr4 ,reid well asks1 ,9 ?+s s diff]5t1 & s unlike1 is !re any quality1 ! same 9 all1 :i* we may call by ! "n ( beauty8 ,we %all n attempt to fa?om ?is difficulty2 inde$1 x c\ld n be done1 )\t ent]+ ^u a metaphysical discussion1 dry 9 detail1 & un9t]e/+ 9 result4 ,:5 we come to inquire 9 :at female beauty consi/s1 we %all f9d t !re is some?+ :i* ent]s into x1 beside physical goodness4 ,x is n a m]e matt] ( fle% & blood2 b color1 =m1 expression1 & grace1 are all ess5tial to its p]fection4 ,! two fir/ h be5 call$ ! body1 ! two latt]1 ! s\l ( beauty--& )\t ! s\l1 ! body is b a mass ( de=m$ & inanimate matt]3-- ,m9d1 m9d1 alone6 be> witness e>? & heav51 ,! liv+ f\nta9s 9 itself conta9s ,( beaute\s & sublime4 ,"h1 h&-9-h&1 ,sit p>am\nt ! ,graces4 ,"h1 en?ron$1 ,cele/ial ,v5us1 ) div9e/ airs1 ,invites ! s\l to nev]-fail+ joy4 ,,ak5side ,color & =m are only beautiful1 because !y are expressive ( heal?1 delicacy1 & s(tness1 9 ! female sex4 ,x has be5 rem>k$1 t expression has great] p[] ?an ei!r beauty or =m1 z x is only ! expression ( ! t5d] & k9d passions t gives beauty2 t all ! cruel & unk9d ones add to de=mity1 & t1 on _! acc\nt1 good-nature may v prop]ly be said to be ! be/ feature1 ev5 9 ! f9e/ face4 ,mode/y1 s5sibility1 & sweetness1 bl5d$ toge!r1 s z ei!r to enliv5 or correct ea* o!r1 give almo/ z mu* attraction z ! passions are capable ( add+ to a v pretty face4 ,x is ow+ to ?is =ce ( pleas+ness1 :i* att5ds all ! k9d] passions1 t lov]s n only seem1 b really are1 m beautiful to ea* o!r ?an to ! re/ ( ! _w2 & 9 _! mutual pres5ce & int]c\rse1 says a ,fr5* writ]1 !re is a s\l ^u _! c\nt5ances1 :i* does n appe> :5 !y are abs5t f ea* o!r or ev5 9 company t lays a re/ra9t ^u _! features4 ,inde$1 x w appe> t all ! +r$i5ts ( beauty t]m9ate 9 expression1 & ?is may be1 ei!r p]fection ( ! body1 or ! qualities ( ! m9d4 ,dr4 ,reid inde$ goes s f> z to say1 t beauty orig9ally dwells 9 ! moral & intellectual p]fections ( m9d1 & 9 its active p[]s4 ,?us beauty may be ascrib$ to all ^? qualities :i* are ! natural objects ( love & k9d affections1 z ! moral virtues1 innoc5ce1 g5tl5ess1 condesc5sion1 humanity1 natural affections1 & ! :ole tra9 ( s(t & g5tle virtues--qualities amiable 9 _! nature1 & on acc\nt ( _! moral wor?4 ,s also d intellectual tal5ts excite our love & e/eem ( ^? :o possess !m2 ^! are k1 good s5se1 wit1 humor1 *e]fulness1 good ta/e1 excell5ce 9 any ( ! f9e arts--z music1 pa9t+1 sculpture1 embroid]y1 c4 ,?us1 = example1 ! beauty ( good bre$+ is n orig9ally 9 ! ext]nal behavior 9 :i* x consi/s1 b is d]iv$ f ! qualities ( m9d :i* x expresses2 = x has be5 well obs]v$1 t ?\gh !re may be good bre$+ )\t ! amiable qualities ( m9d1 its beauty is /ill d]iv$ f :at x naturally expresses4 ,flaxman has truly said1 t nei!r m9d nor any "o ( its qualities or p[]s1 is an imm$iate object ( p]ception to m54 ,^! are p]ceiv$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( mat]ial objects1 on :i* _! signatures are impress$4 ,! signs ( ^! qualities are imm$iately p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses1 & by !m reflect$ to ! und]/&+2 & we are apt to attribute to ! sign1 ! beauty :i* is prop]ly & orig9ally 9 ! ?+ signifi$4 ,?us1 ! invisible ,creator ha? /amp$ on 8 works signatures ( 8 div9e wisdom1 p[]1 & b5ignity1 :i* are visible to all m54 ,! works ( m5 9 sci5ce1 9 ! arts ( ta/e1 & 9 ! me*anical arts1 be> ! signatures ( ^? qualities ( m9d :i* 7 employ$ 9 _! production4 ,_! ext]nal behavior or conduct 9 life1 expresses ! good or bad qualities ( _! m9ds4 ,9 e species ( animals we p]ceive1 by visible signs1 _! in/9cts1 appetites1 affections1 or sagacity2 & ev5 9 ! inanimate _w1 !re are _m ?+s analog\s to ! qualities ( m9d2 s t !re is h>dly any?+ belong+ to m9d :i* may n be repres5t$ by images tak5 f objects ( s5se2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 e object ( s5se is beautiful1 by borr[+ attire f attributes ( ! m9d4 ,?us1 ! beauties ( m9d1 ?\gh invisible 9 !mselves1 are p]ceiv$ 9 ! objects ( s5se1 9 :i* _! beauty is impress$4 ,?us1 also1 9 ^? qualities ( s5sible objects to :i* we ascribe beauty1 we discov] 9 !m "s relation to m9d1 & ! greate/ 9 ^? t are mo/ beautiful4 ,e beauty 9 ! vegetable creation1 ( :i* we c =m any rational judgm5t1 expresses "s p]fection 9 ! object1 or "s wise contrivance 9 ! au?or4 ,9 ! animal k+dom we p]ceive sup]ior beauties1 result+ f life1 s5se1 activity1 v>i\s in/9cts & affections1 &1 9 _m cases1 great sagacity2 :i* are attributes ( m9d1 & possess an orig9al beauty4 ,9 _! mann] ( life1 we obs]ve t !y possess p[]s1 outw>d =m1 & inw>d /ructure1 exactly adapt$ to x2 & ! m p]fectly any individual is fitt$ = its end & mann] ( life1 ! great] is its beauty4 ,?is1 also1 0 manife/ly ,milton's !ory ( beauty2 =1 9 8 unrivall$ description ( our fir/ p>5ts 9 ,p>adise1 he d]ives _! beauty f ^? expressions ( moral & intellectual qualities :i* %one =? 9 _! outw>d =m & demeanor3-- ,two ( f> nobl] %ape1 erect & tall1 ,god-l erect6 ) native honor clad1 ,9 nak$ maje/y1 seem$ lords ( all1 ,& wor?y seem$1 =1 9 _! looks div9e1 ,! image ( _! glori\s ,mak]1 %one ,tru?1 wisdom1 sanctitude1 sev]e & pure2 ,sev]e1 b 9 true filial fre$om plac$1 ,:5ce true au?ority 9 man2 ?\gh bo? ,n equal1 z _! sex n equal seem$1 ,= contemplation he1 & valor =m$1 ,= s(tness %e1 & sweet attractive grace4 ,f ^! rem>ks1 x w appe> t we d n reg>d novelty alone z be+ ! excit+ cause ( pleasurable emotions1 & ( ! consequ5t p]ception ( beauty 9 ! relation ( ?+s4 ,! beautiful1 bo? 9 /atu>y & pa9t+1 we believe to dep5d *iefly on ! p]fection ) :i* ! arti/ succe$s 9 express+ ! qualities ( ! m9d1 :e!r good or evil2 & x is wor?y ( notice1 t ,plato1 9 8 ,dialogues1 decl>es t ! good & ! beautiful are "o & ! same4 ,h5ce1 ! ,greeks call$ ! beautiful ,greek3 ,,kalos4 ,! influ5ce ( novelty has be5 s well illu/rat$ 9 an ,essay by ! au?or ( a ,treatise on ,happ9ess1 t we tru/ no apology w be requir$ = transf]r+ a portion ( x to our pages3-- ,! t]m novelty applies to ev]y?+ new--ei!r newly inv5t$1 or newly exhibit$ to u2 9 ! =m] case ! ?+ is novel to ! _w1 9 ! latt] x is novel to ourselves4 ,novelty p[]fully influ5ces ! s5ses1 ! passions1 & ! mann]s ( human be+s2 x furni%es amusem5t1 employm5t1 & ma9t5ance = man2 x accompanies him 9 8 progress ?r\gh ?is v>iable be+1 f ! comm5cem5t ( life to ! p]iod ( dissolution4 ,novelty may be ei!r pleas+ or unpleas+4 ,:5 x affects ! s5ses by grateful influ5ces1 x occasions admiration & delight4 ,h[ p[]fully mu/ ! vision ( ,adam h be5 affect$1 :5 he 0 introduc$ to be+6 ,ev]y?+ :i* he beheld 0 new4 ,!re 0 drawn out be=e him1 ! pla91 ! fruitful valley1 ! v]dant hill4 ,%rubs & trees 7 di/ribut$ ar\nd him4 ,! e>? 0 /rew$ ) fl[]s3 rivulets & riv]s div]sifi$ ! sc5e-- ',roll+ on ori5t pe>l1 & s&s ( gold4' ,! ocean1 p]haps1 0 /ret*$ out z a pla9 ( silv] 9 ! di/ant view2 ! heav5s 7 rob$ 9 spl5dor2 ! sun %one brilliantly4 ,8 own p]son--himself1 0 an inextricable my/]y4 ,he c\ld move2 he c\ld ?9k2 he c\ld behold ! display ( creation2 he c\ld close 8 eyes1 & exclude e impression4 ,all 0 new2 & ev]y?+1 he might naturally h fanci$1 w\ld rema9 ! same2 b1 he 0 de/9$ to behold a s]ies ( novelties4 ,9 a %ort "t1 he saw ! sun s9k+ bel[ ! horizon4 ,! heav5s 7 adorn$ 9 _! mo/ spl5did robes1 l ! gorge\s display ( an ,ea/]n mon>*4 ,a %ade 0 ca/ ov] ! valleys1 & d>kness began to ga!r among ! trees1 :ile _! tops & bran*es 7 /ill illum9$ 9 ! sunbeams4 ,! %ad[s ( ev5+ are n[ ga!r$ ar\nd him2 ! tw9kl+ />s adorn ! heav5s2 b ! beauties ( hill1 vale1 wat]s1 trees1 & fl[]s1 are dep>t$6 ,h[ s5sibly mu/ he h be5 affect$6 ,he w\ld n[ conclude t 8 future "t mu/ be sp5t 9 d>kness2 b he looks t[>d ! ,ea/1 & across ! wide expanse ( wat]s he beholds a gleam ( light1 :i* leads ! eye to "s great lum9>y1 ris+ above ! horizon1 to *e] ! nightly solitude2 &1 z x m\nts to ! z5i?1 new beauties delight ! vision ( ?is lonely & a/oni%$ inhabitant ( ! e>?4 ,aft] a %ort p]iod ! moon s9ks1 ! sun rises 9 ! heav5s1 & ! same delightful sc5]y is exhibit$ :i* 0 beheld ! previ\s day4 ,we c imag9e ! effect ( novelty 9 produc+ admiration2 :5 travell]s1 :o hav+ be5 toil+ = _m days or weeks on ! burn+ s&s ( int]m9able des]ts1 come sudd5ly ^u "s lovely valley1 wat]$ by cool+ /reams1 %ad$ by groves ( trees1 & beautifi$ ) clu/]s ( fl[]s4 ,or1 we c fancy ! pleasure :i* w\ld be produc$ on wayworn voyag]s1 :o _h be5 long toil+ on ! great deep & !y come to "s ble/ isle1 ----',:]e ! voluptu\s breeze ,! peaceful native brea!s1 at ev5tide1 ,f nutmeg-groves1 & b[]s ( c9namon4' ,to ! infant ev]y?+ is novel1 & almo/ ev]y?+ is a s\rce ( admiration4 ,! p :o move to & fro2 ! walls & furniture ( ! room2 ! fire & ! c&les2 ! bu/le & movem5t ( m5 & c>riages2 ! heav5s1 sun%9e1 & ra94 ,^! occasion int]e/ & surprise4 ,dr4 ,br[n has inquir$1 ',:at metaphysician is !re1 h[ev] subtile & pr(\nd 9 8 analytical inquiries1 & h[ev] successful 9 ! analyses :i* he has made1 :o w\ld n give all 8 pa/ discov]y1 & all 8 hopes ( future discov]y1 = ! c]ta9ty ( kn[+1 ) exactness1 :at e infant feels8 ,b he w\ld1 probably1 meet ) few :o w\ld sacrifice s mu* = ! purpose2 & yet ! feel+s ( an infant mu/ be exce$+ly int]e/+4 ,we c easily suppose ! effect :i* w\ld be produc$ on a company ( savages1 if1 9 ! mid/ ( _! woods1 "o ( our be/ milit>y b&s 7 to /rike up a p[]ful /ra9 ( m>tial music4 ,at fir/ !y w\ld sit motionless1 or /& z /atues2 !n look t[>d ! place :5ce ! s\nds proce$$1 :]e !y w\ld behold a company ( p]sons1 9 _m-color$ dresses1 & spl5did ornam5ts1 ) curi\s musical in/rum5ts1 dropp$1 z !y w\ld fancy1 f ! cl\ds4 ,b ! effect ( novelty may be pa9ful2 & ?is feel+ w be p[]ful 9 ! same proportion z ! circum/ances are important & new4 ,suppose1 = in/ance1 a p]son :o _h be5 tra9$ 9 ! ways ( propriety & virtue 7 introduc$1 = ! fir/ "t1 to a village-wake1 or "s su* brutal holyday1 :]e he w\ld behold bull-bait+ & cock-fight+1 box+ & drunk5ness2 :]e he w\ld li/5 to qu>rell+ & pr(ane swe>+2 h[ w\ld 8 feel+s be %ock$6 ,he w\ld sc>cely h fanci$ t a spot s small1 on ! surface ( ! globe1 c\ld h exhibit$ s great a v>iety ( wick$ness4 ,or1 we may imag9e "s "o end[$ ) a delicate e> = music1 :o _h be5 accu/om$ to ! practice ( delightful h>mony1 oblig$1 = ! fir/ "t1 to li/5 to ! h>% scrap+ ( "s b>b>\s labor] on ! viol91 or ! useless attempts ( "s ta/eless practition]s to p]=m a piece ( music6 ,h[ irksome & insuff]able mu/ su* an ordeal be to a man ( ref9em5t2 & h[ w\ld its pa9fulness be increas$ by its novelty6 ,by ! same rule1 a p]son :o may h be5 accu/om$ to luxury & da9ty food1 b is oblig$1 = ! fir/ "t1 to fe$ on loa?some bread & nause\s wat]1 feels d\bly ! mis]y ( 8 condition4 ,& ?us ! man :o has be5 us$ to salubri\s air & grateful sc5ts1 w be ! m effect$ by disgu/+ smells4 ,novelty op]ates also 9 p[]fully excit+ ! passions4 ,suppose a g5]al to be usually un=tunate 9 8 combats ) ! enemy1 & 8 army to be consequ5tly dispirit$2 b1 ^u "s p>ticul> occasion1 ! favors ( =tune & ( ,provid5ce are be/[$ ^u !m1 _! ef=ts are successful1 & ! ma9 body ( ! enemy beg9 to wav]1 h[ w\ld ?is inspirit !m1 & bright5 _! c\rage6 ,!y w\ld ru% =w>d1 unconsci\s & c>eless ( dang]1 & ! foe mu/ fly be=e su* unconqu]able ardor6 ,if a man :o _h liv$ 9 pov]ty1 9 dep5dance on o!rs = a subsi/5ce1 _h con/antly wi%$ = indep5d5ce & comp>ative influ5ce1 & _h endeavor$ to swim aga9/ ! /ream ( adv]sity b _h nev] succe$$1 &1 all at once1 a h&some =tune 7 left to him1 h[ w\ld 8 eyes sp>kle ) exultation6 ,if a p]son _h be5 sep>at$ f 8 fri5ds & doom$ to sp5d 8 days 9 ! solitude ( a =eign l& & he met1 unexpect$ly1 ) "s ( 8 ne>e/ & k9de/ fri5ds1 h[ w\ld 8 c\nt5ance beam ) delight6 ,! novelty ( ! circum/ance w\ld increase ! am\nt ( 8 joy6 ,a travell] 9 a =eign c\ntry w\ld be exce$+ly pleas$ to discov] "s tr9ket :i* _h be5 made 9 8 native city2 & especially if he saw on x ! "n ( an intimate fri5d z ! manufactur]4 ,a toy1 a dog1 or a cat1 "u "s circum/ances1 has occasion$ te>s4 ,a beautiful female has appe>$ m lovely1 :5 int]e/+ ev5ts h introduc$ h] to our notice2 & "o :o is n usually attractive1 has appe>$ s1 :5 novelty has ?r[n its fasc9ations ar\nd h]4 ,! feel+ ( hope may be excit$ mo/ p[]fully by novel & unexpect$ circum/ances4 ,:5 ! m>9] has be5 long toil+ 9 /orms & dang]s2 :5 ! heav5s h be5 cov]$ ) d>kness1 & no in=mation or guidance c\ld be ga9$ f ! />s or ! sun1 ! tempe/ sudd5ly ceases1 ! *e]+ sunbeams break ^u him1 & he f9ds himself1 unexpect$ly1 ne> ! hav5 :]e he w\ld be--h[ does 8 he>t exult ) hope1 & ! consci\sness ( security6 ,! passions may be excit$1 also1 9 an unpleas+ mann]2 ! feel+ ( fe> may be p[]fully produc$ by novelty4 ,suppose1 = in/ance1 a y\?1 :o 0 tra9$ 9 ! ways ( tranquillity & enjoym5t1 ) a feel+ he>t = ! suff]+s ( o!rs1 to be br\ght1 all at once1 on ! field ( w> & blood%$4 ,suppose him pass+ along "s n>r[ defile1 :]e ! di/ant sc5es c\ld sc>cely affect him1 & :]e he w\ld p]ceive only a d9 ( discordant s\nds4 ,b1 on a sudd51 he rea*es ! t]m9ation ( ! passage1 & all ! pomp1 & circum/ance1 & horror ( w>1 are exhibit$ be=e him4 ,"h he beholds rank oppos$ to rank1 9 deadly conflict2 troops ( horsem5 but*]+ ea* o!r2 =e/s ( deadly weapons gleam+ 9 ! sunbeams4 ,n[ he li/5s to ! %\ts ( victors1 ! cries ( ! vanqui%$1 ! groans ( ! w\nd$ & dy+2 to ! swell+ notes ( "s musical b&2 ! discordant s\nds ( ! drum2 ! cla%+ ( arms1 & ! %rill clamor ( trumpets2 to ! rattl+ ( musketry & ! ro>+ ( artill]y6 ,h[ w\ld 8 he>t s9k )9 him at ^! novel sc5es6 ,novelty w also occasion sorr[2 z1 :5 a man has be5 accu/om$ to indep5d5ce1 & ! com=ts :i* weal?1 judici\sly manag$1 may produce1 & 8 ri*es are sudd5ly swept away1 he is r$uc$ f afflu5ce to dep5dance1 f com=ts to privations4 ,& :5 a p]son has be5 us$ to ! society ( pleasant fri5ds1 & ^! are remov$ by ! h& ( dea?1 & ! clay-cold body alone rema9s z ! repres5tative ( a *e]ful & amiable companion1 ! novelty ( ?is ev5t w occasion he>tfelt sorr[4 ,:5 ^? :o h be5 accu/om$ to associate z fai?ful fri5ds2 or1 :5 a mon>* has be5 surr\nd$ by p]sons :o h pret5d$ feel+s ( atta*m5t1 & ev9c$ mu* hypocritical fidelity1 &1 all at once1 ! veil ( deception has be5 drawn aside1 & an aspect has pres5t$ itself ( a new & trea*]\s k9d1 h[ p[]ful h be5 ! feel+s ( abhorr5ce & ang]6 ,& :5 a p]son1 :o has be5 nurtur$ 9 ! lap ( ease & com=t1 & bless$ ) t be/ ( all bless+s 7if x be rightly manag$71 ! gift ( lib]ty1 is torn f 8 home1 & 8 family1 & 8 engagem5ts1 & c>ri$ into a l& ( slav]y1 :]e he is lad5 ) oppressive *a9s1 & insult$ by a cruel task-ma/]1 ) no *ance ( fre$om1 nor any ray ( happ9ess1 h[ w 8 spirits s9k1 & h[ w ! hagg>d l9eam5ts ( despair be drawn on t c\nt5ance :i* 0 =m$ = *e]fulness6 ,or1 suppose a p]son :o 0 accu/om$ to a dwell+ 9 "s v]dant valley1 undi/urb$ by /orms or ! haz>ds ( ! sea2 & he 0 introduc$1 = ! fir/ "t1 to "s ( ! mo/ aggravat$ dang]s ( t boi/]\s elem5t4 ,suppose ! w9ds 7 driv+ furi\sly ov] ! ocean1 & ! huge bill[s 7 break+ on ! helpless b>k1 :ile ! d>kness ( ! night 0 v>i$ only by ! gleam ( ! lightn+1 :i* exhibit$ break]s1 & rocks1 & ov]-hang+ precipices1 h[ w\ld ?is new & dang]\s condition agitate 8 m9d1 & drive him to despair6 ,novelty influ5ces ! cu/oms or habits ( mank9d4 ,on "s occasions novel engagem5ts are pleas+2 & ?us we practise !m aga91 & acquire a habit ( p]=m+ !m4 ,= in/ance1 ! citiz5 :o has walk$ into ! c\ntry z a novelty1 has be5 pleas$ ) 8 ramble1 & induc$ to practise x daily4 ,x sometimes occasions a progress 9 ! arts2 & ?us ! fir/ attempts at music1 at pa9t+1 & at sculpture1 h produc$ a pleasure :i* has /imulat$ ! p]son to future & cont9u$ labors4 ,sometimes1 :5 ! fir/ impression has be5 r unpleas+1 a cu/om has be5 acquir$1 because1 aft]w>d1 x _h be5 f\nd pleas+ or advantage\s4 ,?us !re are _m k9ds ( food1 :i* 7 orig9ally ungrateful1 b are n[ e/eem$ delici\s4 ,port w9e is nause\s = a *ild1 b x is pleas+ to ! ta/e ( a p]son :o has be5 accu/om$ to x4 ,smok+1 ! tak+ ( snuff1 & ma/icat+ ( tobacco1 ) _m o!r useless & dirty cu/oms1 are n produc$ by ! pleas+ influ5ce ( novelty2 b !y are r oppos$ to x4 ,!y arise pr9cipally f ! incl9ation ( foll[+ injuri\s examples4 ,9 "s cases ladies h set _! faces aga9/ su* cu/oms1 & h prohibit$ ! practice among ^? :o w\ld ga9 _! e/eem3 9 o!r cases !y h be5 m l5i5t1 because !y h f\nd t a flame ( love may burn amid volumes ( smoke f cig>s or tobacco-pipes4 ,novelty has occasion$ a s5sation ( unpleasantness1 ) reg>d to p>ticul> modes ( dress2 b aft]w>d ^! fa%ions h become necess>y to our com=t4 ,9 "s in/ances1 ! v ?+s :i* we commonly hate mo/1 become ess5tial to our happ9ess4 ,:5 ,l\is ,,xvi4 asc5d$ ! ?rone ( ,france1 ! doors ( "s ( ! d>k cells 9 ! ,ba/ile 7 op5$1 & ! hapless resid5ts 7 all[$ once m to brea! ! pure air ( heav54 ,among ! re/1 !re 0 "o man :o _h be5 immur$ = ne>ly fifty ye>s 9 a wret*$ cell1 ! area ( :i* 0 s small z sc>cely to all[ him room to move ab\t2 b1 hav+ a vigor\s body & a firm m9d1 he support$ himself1 until he _h almo/ =gott5 ! _w 9 :i* he liv$1 hav+ _h no int]c\rse ) any "o b ! jail]1 :o br\ght him 8 daily food4 ,:5 he receiv$ ! summons to dep>t1 :i* seem$ l a message 9 a dream1 he 0 a/oni%$2 b :5 he walk$ ?r\gh ! spaci\s passages & ! op5 c\rts1 & saw ! heav5s ext5d$ above him1 & ! sun %9+ 9 8 spl5dor1 he 0 ov]come by 8 feel+s4 ,he c\ld badly walk1 & badly speak1 & he seem$ z if he _h ent]$ a new _w4 ,he w5t into ! city1 & f\nd ! /reet 9 :i* he _h =m]ly liv$1 b 8 fri5ds 7 dead2 !re 0 no liv+ be+ 9 ! _w t knew him1 & ! poor man wept ) sorr[4 ,he 0 a /rang] 9 a /range c\ntry4 ,he w5t to ! m9i/] :o _h giv5 him 8 fre$om1 & said3 ',sir1 ,i c be> to die1 b to live 9 a _w unkn[n & =lorn1 ! la/ human be+ ( my race1 is insupportable2 d1 !re=e1 s5d me to my cell1 t ,i may f9i% my days !re6' ,no bless+ ( ,provid5ce w be felt z a b5efit1 unless x be possess$ by a p]son = :om x is adapt$4 ,impressions ( a novel & pleas+ k9d soon lose _! attraction2 & ?us ! honors :i* are acquir$ by civil & lit]>y em95ce1 quickly fade away4 ,!y are l a beautiful cl\d 9 ! heav5s1 or a dew-drop on a leaf1 :i* glitt]s & exhibits its beauties = a :ile1 b ! f]v5t sun absorbs bo?2 or1 !y are l a gaudy fl[]1 :i* a man fixes 9 8 bosom--v lovely at fir/1 b its attractions soon vani%4 ,on ! o!r h&1 pa9ful occurr5ces leave b a fa9t impression4 ,al?\gh1 at fir/1 a man may be b[$ d[n ) tr\ble1 yet he w soon rega9 an erect position & a smil+ c\nt5ance4 ,a few weeks or mon?s hide mo/ ( our sorr[s f u2 & ?is is an em95t pro( ( ! wisdom & b5efic5ce ( ! ,deity3 = ! g5]al am\nt ( human happ9ess is by ?is means m equally divid$4 ,a /ate ( elation is tempor>y1 & s is a /ate ( depression2 & ?us1 :e!r a man rises or s9ks 9 worldly possessions & honors1 al?\gh !re w be "s diff]5ce 9 ! am\nt ( enjoym5t1 yet !re w be mu* less ?an we are g5]ally dispos$ to imag9e4 ,a ta/e = novelty affects ! engagem5ts ( society3 x is ! s\rce ( fa%ion2 x gives labor to ! me*anic1 to ! arti/1 & to almo/ e man :o obta9s 8 ma9t5ance by indu/ry4 ,& ?us !re are new build+s1 new vehicles1 new ma*9es1 & new me?ods ( do+ mo/ ?+s4 ,!re are dresses ( v>i\s k9ds ! result ( +5uity & ta/e4 ,"o ?+ is new & attractive1 b x soon becomes /ale1 & !n we look = some?+ novel4 ,"s k9ds ( food are sc>ce & co/ly3 ^! are approv$ by ! great1 b !y become pl5tiful & *eap1 & !n ! ri* man looks = some?+ r>e1 "s new discov]y 9 ! art ( cook]y4 ,! r\nd ( pleasures & amusem5ts is cont9ually v>y+4 ,=m]ly ! m51 & ev5 ! ladies1 7 delight$ by exhibitions ( combats among savage bea/s--lions1 elephants1 & tig]s2 !y fea/$ _! eyes on ! bloody combats ( human be+s ) ea* o!r1 or ) bulls & o!r furi\s animals4 ,!y att5d$ dog-fights1 cock-fights1 & o!r b>b>\s div]sions4 ,b ! ta/e has become improv$2 novelty has tak5 a praisewor?y direction3 box+1 wre/l+1 & o!r disgraceful exhibitions1 are n[ transf]r$ to ! vulg> & disreputable2 _m innoc5t amusem5ts h be5 introduc$1 & ^! also h be5 regulat$ by ! univ]sal love ( novelty4 ,! same v>iety has exi/$ 9 language4 ,a c]ta9 /yle ( spee*1 & c]ta9 phrases1 are fa%ionable 9 ! be/ society2 ^! are gradually introduc$ among ! l[] ranks1 & !n ! bett] classes look = some?+ novel4 ,_m words & phrases orig9ally introduc$ = ! purpose ( express+ ?+s delicately1 become vulg>3 t]ms :i* 7 prim>ily int5d$ z a reproa* become a designation ( honor1 & ^? once deem$ honorable become reproa*ful4 ,! love ( novelty occasions ! great v>iety ( tunes :i* we possess1 & ! div]sity ( musical skill4 ,a newly-con/ruct$ in/rum5t1 a new or sup]ior mode ( p]=m+ on x & ! la/ new tune1 are objects ( univ]sal attraction4 ,! same disposition arises ) respect to books4 ,novelty has occasion$ all ! v>iety :i* ! hi/ory ( lit]ature exhibits1 f ! bulky folio to ! p5ny pamphlet1 & ! annual publication to ! daily newspap]3 x has occasion$1 also1 9 a great degree1 ! multitude ( op9ions :i* h delug$ ! _w4 ,some?+ new1 z ! l\ng]s ( ,a!ns dem&$1 has be5 ! requirem5t ( ! public 9 all ages4 ,if x be new1 x w be attractive1 & if pleas+ or conv5i5t1 x w be embrac$1 & !n its /r5g? & consi/5cy w soon be deem$ demon/rat$3 b :5 ! writ]s on ! subject1 & ! read]s ( ^? writ+s1 become cool2 :5 reason takes ! place ( imag9ation1 !n ! sy/em w be (t5 discov]$ to be defective1 ! vapory fabric w fade away1 & "s o!r w obta9 its place4 ,we are too frequ5tly go+ r\nd 9 our progress1 r ?an =w>d4 ,9 _m respects we are n mu* f>!r advanc$ ?an ! anci5ts1 & yet we ought to be1 & %\ld be if we _h pursu$ a direct c\rse4 ,b "o ( ! mo/ pleas+ s\rces ( novelty is t :i* ! ,almighty has giv5 u 9 ! seasons ( ! ye>2 & ?is di/9ctly %[s u t ! love ( novelty is n only natural1 b x is all[able & praisewor?y1 if x be regulat$ by reason2 = ! ,great ,creator himself indulges u 9 ?is respect4 ,& ?us we h all ! v>iety ( summ] & w9t]1 ( sultry & fro/y days1 ( cle> & cl\dy skies2 ( ! budd+ & bloom+ ( spr+1 & ! ri*ness & luxuriance ( autumn2 ! break+ =? ( ! sun 9 ! morn+1 & ! sett+ ( t glori\s lum9>y2 ! light ( ! />s2 ! silv]y spl5dor ( ! moon2 ! gl>e ( lightn+s & meteors1 ! roll+ ( ?und]1 ) vapors1 ra91 hail1 & sn[4 ,! love ( novelty is injuri\s only :5 x is c>ri$ beyond :at ! ,almighty int5d$2 :5 x does n animate a p]son to p]=m 8 necess>y engagem5ts1 b c>ries him away f !m2 :5 x makes him re/less & wav]+4 ,novelty accompanies man 9 infancy & 9 y\?2 x *e]s & exalts him 9 ! *ang+ sc5es ( manhood2 & :5 we leave ?is e>?ly sph]e1 & ! s\l bur/s =? f its corporeal dwell+1 x w fly upw>d to regions ( /ill great] novelty1 & nev]-fail+ int]e/6 ,d4 ,mr4 ,walk]1 9 v>i\s places ( 8 "w1 calls ! c]ebel or c]ebellum1 ! organ ( volition1 &1 at page #ade1 he attributes ideas1 emotions1 & passions1 to ! c]ebrum1 ?\gh he /ates t acts ( ! w result f ^!4 ,n[1 if !re is any tru? e/abli%$1 x is t ! w is ! result ( ! simultane\s action ( ! high] intellectual p[]s1 & supposes att5tion1 reflection1 comp>ison1 & judgm5t1 m5tal op]ations1 :i* ,mr4 ,walk] himself attributes to ! c]ebrum4 ,gall has made x v evid5t1 t ! w is n ! impulse t results f ! activity ( a s+le organ1 b ! concurr5t action ( _m ( ! high] intellectual faculties--motives mu/ be weigh$1 comp>$1 & judg$1 be=e !re c be any w1 or det]m9ation ( m9d4 ,! decision result+ f ?is det]m9ation1 is call$ w4 ,we consid] x !n prov$1 t !re is no p>ticul> organ ( ! w4 ,e fundam5tal faculty1 says ,dr4 ,gall1 accompani$ by a cle> notion ( its exi/5ce1 & by reflection1 is intellect or intellig5ce4 ,ea* individual intellig5ce1 !re=e1 has its prop] organ2 b reason supposes ! conc]t$ action ( ! high] faculties4 ,x is ! judgm5t pron\nc$ by ! high] intellectual faculties4 ,a s+le "o ( ^!1 h[ev]1 c\ld n con/itute reason1 :i* is ! complim5t1 ! result ( ! simultane\s action ( all ! intellectual faculties4 ,x is reason t di/+ui%es man f ! brute2 intellect !y h 9 common to a c]ta9 degree4 ,!re are _m intellig5t m51 b few reason+ ones4 ,nature produces an intellig5t man2 a happy organization1 cultivat$ by exp]i5ce & reflection1 =ms ! reason+ man4 ,ne>ly all physiologi/s des]v+ ( ! "n1 are n[ unit$ 9 ! op9ion t ! c]ebellum is ! organ ( amativ5ess1 z well z conc]n$ 9 ! regulation ( volunt>y motion4 ,x is impossible1 says ,dr4 ,spurzheim1 to unite a great] numb] ( pro(s 9 demon/ration ( any natural tru? ?an may be pres5t$ to det]m9e ! function ( ! c]ebellum4--,mr4 ,scott1 says ,george ,combe1 9 an excell5t essay on ! influ5ce ( amativ5ess on ! high] s5tim5ts & intellect1 obs]ves t x has be5 reg>d$ by "s individuals1 z almo/ synonym\s ) pollution2 & ! notion has be5 ent]ta9$1 t x _c be ev5 approa*$ )\t defilem5t4 ,?is mi/ake has orig9at$ f att5tion be+ direct$ too exclusively to ! abuses ( ! prop5sity4 ,l ev]y?+ t =ms "p ( ! sy/em ( nature1 x be>s ! /amp ( wisdom & excell5ce 9 itself1 al?\gh liable to abuse4 ,x ex]ts a quiet b effectual influ5ce 9 ! g5]al int]c\rse betwe5 ! sexes1 giv+ rise 9 ea* to a sort ( k9dly int]e/ 9 all conc]ns ! o!r4 ,?is disposition to mutual k9dness betwe5 ! sexes1 does n arise f b5evol5ce or adhesiv5ess1 or any o!r s5tim5t or prop5sity alone2 because1 if su* 7 its s\rces1 x w\ld h an equal effect 9 ! int]c\rse ( ! individuals ( ea* sex among !mselves1 :i* x has n4 ',9 ?is quiet & unobtrusive /ate ( ! feel+1' says ,mr4 ,scott1 '!re is no?+ 9 ! lea/ gross or (f5sive to ! mo/ s5sitive delicacy4 ,s f> ! contr>y1 t ! want ( "s feel+ ( ?is sort is requir$1 :]ev] x appe>s1 z a v palpable defect1 & a mo/ unamiable trait 9 ! "*4 ,x s(t5s all ! pr\d1 irascible1 & antisocial pr9ciples ( our nature1 9 ev]y?+ :i* reg>ds t sex :i* is ! object ( x2 & x increases ! activity & =ce ( all ! k9dly & b5evol5t affections4 ,?is expla9s _m facts :i* appe> 9 ! mutual reg>ds ( ! sexes t[>d ea* o!r4 ,m5 are1 g5]ally speak+1 m g5]\s & k9d1 m b5evol5t & *>itable1 t[>d wom51 ?an !y are to m51 or ?an wom5 are to "o ano!r4' ,! abuses ( ?is prop5sity are ! s\rces ( innum]able evils 9 life2 & z ! organ & feel+ exi/1 & produce an influ5ce on ! m9d1 indep5d5tly ( ext]nal communication1 ,dr4 ,spurzheim sugge/s ! propriety ( in/ruct+ "y p]sons 9 ! consequ5ces ( its improp] indulg5ce z pref]able to keep+ !m 9 a /ate ( ignorance t may provoke a fatal curiosity1 compromis+ 9 ! end _! own & _! desc5dants' bodily & m5tal con/itution4 ,x may be prop] 9 ?is place1 to po9t out "s ( ! anatomical diff]5ces ( ! sexes m def9itely ?an has be5 done by ,mr4 ,walk]1 z !y are intimately connect$ ) ! =m & cont\r ( ! body1 & mu/ be und]/ood to appreciate fully ! be>+ ( mu* t is laid d[n by our au?or3-- ,,anatomical ,,sexual ,,diff]5ces4 ,,dige/ive ,,sy/em4 ,! /oma* is ! only portion ( ! alim5t>y canal :i* pres5ts sexual diff]5ces4 ,x is l>g]1 %ort]1 & broad]1 9 ! male2 small]1 n>r[]1 & long]1 9 ! female4 ,its muscul> coat1 l t 9 ! :ole alim5t>y canal1 is g5]ally also ?9n] 9 ! female4 ,,osse\s ,,sy/em4 ,ribs4--,! ribs ( ! female are g5]ally /raight] ?an ^? ( ! male4 ,! po/]ior segm5t unites soon] ) ! ant]ior2 its curve diff]s less f t ( ! la/1 & disappe>s soon] 9 ! female2 h5ce1 ! *e/ is n>r[]4 ,! ribs are usually ?9n]2 h5ce1 ! edges are %>p]4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ?is is f> f be+ true4 ,_! l5g? is ne>ly ! same2 b accord+ to ,me*el1 ! l5g? ( ! two upp] ribs is proportionally1 & :5 ! subject is %ort1 absolutely great] 9 ! female ?an 9 ! male4 ,clavicle4--,! clavicle is g5]ally /raight]1 & proportionably small] 9 ! female ?an 9 ! male4 ,! great] /raightness dep5ds p>ticul>ly on ! less] curve ( its ext]nal portion1 :ile 9 man x ext5ds f> backw>d1 & !n comes =w>d4 ,! int]nal ant]ior half pres5ts ne>ly ! same curve 9 bo? sexes4 ,! clavicle ( ! female is r\nd] ?an t ( ! male2 we h[ev] f9d clavicles ( females p]fectly l ^? ( males1 & vice v]sa4 ,sometimes1 ( ! two clavicles 9 ! same body1 "o is con/ruct$ 9 ! type ( ! male1 & ! o!r 9 t ( ! female4 ,pelvis4--,! *ief po9ts ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! male & female skeleton1 beside ! disp>ity 9 ! size & ! great] smoo?ness ( ! bones1 lie 9 ! pelvis4 ,9 ! female ?is is less /rong & ?ick1 & conta9s less osse\s matt] ?an t ( ! male4 ,9 ! female1 ! ar* ( ! pubis is mu* ! greate/1 & ! long diamet] ( ! brim ( ! pelvis is f side to side2 9 ! male x is f be=e backw>d2 9 ! female1 ! brim is m ( ! oval %ape1 9 ! male m triangul>2 9 ! female1 ! ilia are m di/ant2 ! tub]osities ( ! is*ia are also m remote f ea* o!r1 & f ! os coccygis1 & z ^! ?ree po9ts are f>!r ap>t1 ! not*es betwe5 !m are consequ5tly wid]1 & !re is ( necessity a consid]ably great] space betwe5 ! os coccygis & pubis ?an 9 ! male4 ,! female sacrum is broad] & less curv$ ?an 9 ! o!r sex4 ,! ligam5t\s c>tilage at ! symphysis pubis is broad] & %ort]4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! cavity ( ! pelvis be+ wid] 9 woman1 ! sup]ior articulations ( _! ?igh bones are f>!r remov$ f ea* o!r1 :i* circum/ance occasions _! peculi>ity 9 walk+2 !y seem to require a great] ef=t ?an m5 to pres]ve ! c5tre ( gravity1 :5 ! leg is rais$2 ow+ to ! great] l5g? ( ! crural ar*1 !re is less resi/ance to ! pressure ( ! abdom9al visc]a2 consequ5tly females are m subject to femoral h]nia ?an males4 ,! angle ( union ( ! ossa pubis 9 ! male is f sixty to eighty degrees1 :]eas1 9 ! female x is n9ety degrees4 ,! mean height ( ! male1 at ! p]iod ( maturity1 is ab\t five feet eight & a half in*es1 & t ( ! female ab\t five feet five in*es2 a well-=m$ pelvis has a circumf]5ce equal to "o-f\r? ( ! height ( ! female4 ,,organ ,,( ,,voice4 ,! l>ynx is "o ( ! organs :i* pres5ts mo/ manife/ly ! diff]5ces ( sex4 ,t ( ! female is usually "o ?ird1 & sometimes "o half small] ?an t ( ! male3 all its con/itu5t c>tilages are mu* ?9n]2 ! ?yroid c>tilage also is ev5 flatt]1 because its two lat]al halves unite at a less acute angle4 ,h5ce ! reason :y ! l>ynx 9 ! male =ms at ! upp] "p ( ! neck a prom95ce :i* is n visible 9 ! female4 ,! glottis 9 ! female is mu* small] ?an 9 ! male1 & ! vocal cords are %ort]4 ,^! sexual diff]5ces d n appe> till pub]ty2 until !n ! l>ynx has precisely ! same =m 9 ! two sexes1 & consequ5tly ! voice is ne>ly ! same 9 bo?4 ,9 eunu*s x is small z 9 females4 ,,physiological ,,explanation ,,( ,,! ,,beauty ,,( ,,=m4 ,a v +5i\s ,physiological explanation ( ! beauty ( =m1 has be5 sugge/$ by ,pr(essor ,b4 ,t4 ,josl91 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ! city ( ,new ,york1 :i* is publi%$ 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,m$ical ,society = #ahcf4 ,z ?is !ory is *>act]iz$ by great orig9ality & g5ius1 & b little kn[n1 we %all pres5t our read]s ) "s extracts f ! ,essay1 calculat$ to elucidate ! views ( ! tal5t$ au?or4 ,speak+ ( mat]ial objects1 n includ+ ! human =m1 ,dr4 ,j4 rem>ks3-- ,!re is 9 objects a k9d ( beauty :i* is intr9sic & physical1 :i* belongs to !m 9 e association1 & :e!r at re/ or 9 motion2 su* is ! beauty ( color1 & t ( configuration4 ,! contemplation ( ! beauty ( color+ & ( =m gives physical pleasure1 i4 e41 physical z oppos$ to m5tal1 b physiological z oppos$ to physical4 ,employ+ physical 9 its compreh5sive s5se1 ,i say t ?is physical pleasure att5d+ vision is ( two di/9ct k9ds2 #a/1 t :i* dep5ds on ! "* ( ! impression on ! ret9a1 & consequ5tly on ! int5sity & nature ( ! light2 & #b;dly1 t :i* dep5ds ^u ! =m ( ! object1 &1 consequ5tly1 on ! muscul> actions employ$ 9 trac+ its outl9es4 ,z ! latt] con/itutes ! prop] subject ( ?is essay1 ,i %all dismiss ! =m] ) a s+le rem>k4 ,"s colors are m agreeable ?an o!rs1 b ^! diff] ) diff]5t eyes1 & ) ! nature ( ! color to :i* ! eyes h be5 previ\sly expos$4 ,a blui% gre5 relieves ! eye :5 ov]-excit$ ) r$1 & a mild r$ is agreeable aft] ! protract$ action ( int5se gre52 & 9 g5]al1 ! complem5t>y colors are mo/ agreeable 9 succession4 ,aga91 x is well kn[n1 t no k9d ( light is pa9ful1 unless excessively vivid2 we are pleas$ ) a mild radiance 9 objects ( e hue1 f ! :it5ess ( ! moon to ! crimson ( ! sett+ sun4 ,b is !re no o!r physical prop]ty by :i* ^! lum9>ies directly contribute to ! gratification ( ta/e8 ,x is true t light1 ab/ract$ly f all objects is agreeable1 & agreeable on ! same pr9ciple t sweetness is to ! ta/e1 i4 e41 f ! m]e "* ( ! n]v\s impression4 ,b ?is is a pleasure m]ely passive1 & 9 an active be+ x is1 p]haps1 on t acc\nt1 "o grade l[] ?an ! gratification af=d$ by ! beauty ( =m1 & is m alli$ to ! gross pleasure ( lit]al ta/e4 ,h5ce1 we sc>cely employ a figurative expression1 9 decl>+ t light is sweet4 ,b ! highe/ degree ( physical gratification is n enjoy$ by ! eye1 unless ?is agreeable excitant proce$s f an object ( beautiful =m4 ,light is sweet1 b x is a pleasant ?+ = ! eyes to behold ! sun4 ,:at is ! s\rce ( ?is additional pleasure :i* we receive1 :5 light proce$s ei!r by radiation or reflection f regul> curvil9e> objects8 ,i %all (f] :at ,i believe to be an orig9al & satisfactory explanation ( ! beauty ( =m1 on pr9ciples purely physiological4 ,x is bas$ on ! proposition1 t ! action ( e muscle is att5d$ ) a s5sation :i*1 is at fir/ agreeable1 b :i*1 if ! action is cont9u$ = a %ort "t ) int5sity1 & )\t int]mission1 becomes pa9ful4 ,t !re is pleasure att5d+ ^? v>i$ motions :i* dep5d ^u ! actions ( diff]5t muscles 9 succession aft] int]vals ( re/ 9 ea*1 we "k f our own consci\sness z well z f t in/9ctive prop5sity to play :i* we obs]ve 9 *ildr5 & "y animals4 ,t ! prolong$ action ( a muscle is pa9ful1 we may readily conv9ce ourselves by endeavor+ to hold ! arm = "s "t at "r angles ) ! erect trunk4 ,) ! arm 9 ?is position1 a p\nd weight on ! h& or ev5 ! weight ( ! arm itself becomes 9 a few m9utes almo/ insupportable4 ,we pres5tly beg9 to feel pa9 9 ! %\ld] & ant]ior "p ( ! arm1 ! =m] f fatigue ( ^? muscles :i* orig9ate f ! scapula & keep ! os hum]i elevat$1 & ! latt] f fatigue ( ! muscles :i* orig9ate f ! scapula & os hum]i1 ^: muscul> fibres are 9 front ( ! os hum]i & by _! contraction elevate ! =e-arm 9 consequ5ce ( _! t5d9\s atta*m5t to its bones4 ,yet a man may labor all day ) 8 arms )\t ?is pa9ful s5sation2 because a muscle requires b a mom5t>y re/1 9 ord] to rega9 t degree ( en]gy :i* is mom5t>ily lo/ by action4 ,none b an anatomi/ c duly appreciate ! v>iety ( sep>ate actions1 on :i* dep5d ! motions ( a s+le limb1 & ! consequ5tly num]\s opportunities ( re/ :i* ! muscles enjoy4 ,to ! sup]ficial & unsci5tific obs]v]1 an arm is an arm2 x is a s+le memb] :i* may be fatigu$ by a day's "w & recruit$ by a night's re/4 ,b to ! anatomi/ ! arm is a complex object1 & its muscul> en]gy is t ( its compon5t muscles1 ea* ( :i* may be fatigu$ by a m9ute's action & recruit$ by a m9ute's repose4 ,x w\ld be easy to ext5d ?is f>!r1 & /ate reasons = believ+ t ! compon5t fasciculi & fibres ( an individual muscle act /ill m transi5tly1 & t _! mom5t>y & successive actions con/itute ! action ( a s+le muscle4 ,b waiv+ ?is ref9em5t1 x w be suffici5t = our purpose to consid] a s+le muscle z hav+ a simple action1 an action :i* _c be su/a9$ ) uni=mity a m9ute ( "t )\t actual pa91 nor a second ( "t ) positive pleasure4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n to be und]/ood z an attempt to fix ^! limits ) precision4 ,to express ! law 9 m g5]al t]ms1 z we dim9i% ! duration ( a muscle's action we dim9i% ! pa9 until we arrive at an action ^: att5dant s5sation is neutral1 i4 e41 nei!r pa9ful nor pleasurable2 z soon z we h pass$ t po9t & h begun to execute motions a little m transi5t1 ! att5dant s5sation becomes positively pleasurable1 & ! pleasure increases z ! sep>ate actions become m transi5t4 ,x is n necess>y to inf] t !re is att5d+ ea* action ( %ort] duration a pleasure exce$+ t :i* att5ds ea* action ( great] duration2 = ! m transi5t actions are1 9 a giv5 "t1 m num]\s2 s t ) ! same am\nt ( pleasure = ea* muscul> contraction1 ! am\nt ( pleasurable s5sation 9 a giv5 "t--say a second--w\ld exce$ ! am\nt att5d+ ! less frequ5t & m prolong$ actions 9 ! same p]iod3 a great] numb] ( sep>ate impressions become--s to speak--cr[d$ toge!r & cond5s$1 & ?us produce a m vivid pleasure4 ,sev]al contigu\s impressions ?us conspire to height5 ! contemporane\s effect1 inasmu* z we are unable to di/+ui% ^? impressions :i* are made at v %ort int]vals on ! muscul> s5se1 any m ?an we are ^? made at v %ort int]vals on ! ret9a4 ,we h an example ( ! latt] 9 ! famili> exp]im5t ( sw++ a coal ( fire 9 a circle1 & 9 v>i\s optical in/rum5ts = comb9+ colors & images4 ,! proposition :i* ,i h endeavor$ to e/abli% is1 t !re is a neutral po9t to :i*1 if con/ant action is prolong$1 its pleasurable "* beg9s to be rev]s$2 t ! vividness ( ! s5sation increases ) ! di/ance f ?is po9t1 be+ on ! "o side pleasurable1 on ! o!r pa9ful2 ! m transi5t ! actions are1 ! m pleasurable2 ! m prolong$ !y are1 ! m pa9ful4 ,i am ( op9ion t ?is physiological pr9ciple is susceptible ( int]e/+ applications to a class ( pleasures1 :i* metaphysicians h reg>d$ z exclusively m5tal1 & dep5dant ^u c]ta9 suppos$ ultimate pr9ciples ( ! con/itution ( m9d1 pr9ciples n resolvable into o!rs m elem5t>y4 ,z physiology %all advance1 x may be expect$ t _m ( ^! imag9>y elem5ts w yield to its se>*+ analysis4 ,:e!r ! writ] has be5 s =tunate z to resolve any ( ! g5]ally admitt$ elem5ts ( m5tal ta/e1 ! read] w be able to judge f ! sequel4 ,z prep>atory to ! consid]ation ( ! beauty ( =m1 x w be necess>y to give an explanation ( ! gracefulness ( motion4 ,al?\gh ?is has be5 vaguely & 9 "p ref]r$ to ease ( execution1 yet1 ! physiological pr9ciple on :i* ease ( execution dep5ds1 n hav+ be5 cle>ly und]/ood & di/9ctly /at$1 ! gracefulness ( all motions c\ld n be ref]r$ to _! true s\rce4 ,?us1 writ]s on ta/e h be5 "u ! necessity ( admitt+1 z a di/9ct & indep5d5t s\rce ( gracefulness1 ! curvil9e> direction ( motions1 & h be5 able to g5]alize ?is fact no f>!r ?an by ref]r+ x to ! beauty ( curv$ =ms1 :i* beauty 0 consid]$ an ultimate fact4 ,9 apply+ ! pr9ciples above develop$1 to ! explanation ( ! pleasure or pa9 att5d+ ! contemplation ( p>ticul> motions1 we %all def] = ! pres5t ! inve/igation ( ! intr9sic beauty ( curv$ motions1 :i* is ! same z t ( curv$ l9es1 & assume t 9 g5]al ^? motions :i* are physically pleasurable to ! ag5t are agreeable to ! obs]v]4 ,! pleasure or pa9 ( ! ag5t w engage ! sympa?y ( ! obs]v]2 = he associates ! obs]v$ action ) 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,to make a s+le application1 suppose a public speak] ext5d 8 arm horizontally & move x sl[ly 9 a horizontal position1 ?r\gh "o ?ird ( a circle4 ,?is motion w\ld n appe> graceful4 ,t x w\ld n be p]=m$ ) p]fect ease1 any "o might prove by exp]im5t4 ,! pr9cipal difficulty is 9 pres]v+ = a long "t ! horizontal position4 ,9 ! ord9>y /ate ( ! muscul> sy/em1 & )9 c]ta9 limits1 ! motion ( ! eye 9 any direction is pleasurable4 ,:5ev] ! p[] ( direct+ ! eye is acquir$1 ! trac+ ( a l9e w1 to a c]ta9 ext5t & = a c]ta9 "t1 af=d "s degree ( positive pleasure2 9 o!r words1 any %ort l9e w possess "s degree ( positive beauty1 & ! infant becomes consci\s ( an emotion ( :i* he 0 previ\sly ignorant--! emotion ( beauty ( =m4 ,a po9t awak5s no su* emotion2 x nev] w2 x c possess no beauty4 ,x mu/ be recollect$1 t ?is has be5 re/rict$ to m9ute po9ts ( inappreciable =m4 ,circul> dots w be consid]$ "u ! head ( figures4 ,! colorific prop]ty ( a dot z comp>$ ) t ( ! gr\nd on :i* x is plac$1 may af=d t k9d ( ocul> pleasure :i* is =eign to ! pres5t inquiry4 ,f po9ts z comp>$ ) l9es1 we naturally proce$ to l9es z comp>$ ) ea* o!r4 ,:5 ! head is erect1 9 exam9+ a /raight horizontal l9e we employ "o ( ! lat]al recti2 if ! l9e be v]tical we employ ! rectus inf]ior or sup]ior4 ,9 ei!r case1 b "o muscle acts1 & t cont9u\sly4 ,! muscle is n reliev$1 & its action is n att5d$ ) ! maximum am\nt ( pleasurable s5sation4 ,:5 ! vision has be5 ext5d$ along ! :ole l9e1 if we !n imm$iately proce$ to exam9e x 9 ! opposite direction1 ! opposite rectus mu/ at "o ex]t a =ce suffici5t to ov]come ! mom5tum ( ! eyeball1 & !n ex]t a cont9u\s action4 ,bo? ^! circum/ances are unfavorable to pleasure4 ,if ! l9e is oblique1 "o lat]al toge!r ) "o inf]ior or "o sup]ior muscle is ex]t$1 & ! same pr9ciples :i* h be5 appli$ to ! s+le muscles1 apply to ! muscles act+ 9 pairs4 ,! ,beauty ( ,curv$ ,l9es4--,z f ! =ego+ analysis ( ! vision ( /raight l9es 9 g5]al1 x results t !y are defici5t 9 ! elem5ts ( ocul> agreeabl5ess1 9 o!r words1 ( beauty2 little m ne$ be said ( regul> & g5tle curves1 ?an t ! survey ( !m is n att5d$ ) ! abovem5tion$ disadvantages4 ,9 view+ a regul> curve1 no muscle ( ! eyeball acts cont9u\sly & uni=mly1 b enjoys p>tial relief by remissions1 or total relief by int]missions ( its action2 & ! regul>ity ( ^! remissions & int]missions1 z well z ! equal di/ribution ( ex]cise1 is promot$ by ! regul>ity ( ! curve4 ,act+ 9 succession1 ! muscles af=d mutual relief aft] actions ( su* %ort duration & v>iable int5sity1 z to af=d positive pleasure2 & 9 ?is muscul> pleasure ( ! eye consi/s ! beauty ( configuration4 ,! successive & accurate survey ( di/ant po9ts is n1 h[ev]1 inv>iably requisite to a degree ( simil> pleasure1 9 view+ a figure ( su* small angul> ext5t z to be in/antly recognis$ by "o location ( its image1 z analog\s to a l>g] "o ^: survey has directly af=d$ muscul> pleasure4 ,al?\gh ,i ?us recognise ! influ5ce ( association1 ! facts ( ?is v case af=d an int]e/+ confirmation ( ! physiological !ory2 = a l>ge circle or ellipse is m beautiful ?an "o ( dim9utive size4 ,! beauty ( ! "o is orig9al1 its influ5ce is direct2 ! beauty ( ! o!r is 9 "p borr[$1 & ?is "p is weak5$ by reflection4 ,or1 to express x m lit]ally1 ! "o excites a pleasurable s5sation1 ! o!r sugge/s a simil> idea2 ! "o af=ds a p]ception1 ! o!r a conception1 ( beauty4 ,su*1 ev5 ) simil> color & brilliancy1 w\ld be ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! full moon & a circul> dot 77 or p]iod2 su* ! diff]5ce betwe5 a ra9b[ & a dim9utive arc 7,illu/ration71 a %ort acc5t inv]t$4 ,"h ! critic might be incl9$ to *>ge u ) conf\nd+ ! beautiful ) ! sublime4 ,b ! fact is1 t criticism has con/ruct$ ! sublime--z x has ! beautiful--f het]og5e\s mat]ials1 "o ( :i* is id5tical ) "o ( ! elem5ts ( beauty1 & %\ld1 9 a physiological arrangem5t1 be ref]r$ to ! same class4 ,9 _m in/ances a magnify+ in/rum5t w disclose m9ute irregul>ities & blemi%es2 b 9 e o!r case1 physiology w\ld %[1 t1 )9 c]ta9 limits1 to magnify a beautiful object is to magnify beauty4 ,! =ego+ /atem5ts ( g5]al pr9ciples preclude ! necessity ( m9ute details 9 relation to p>ticul> curves4 ,i %all at pres5t consid] ^? :i* d n return into !mselves1 s z to con/itute ! outl9es ( figures 9 ! geometrical s5se4 ,let u fir/ select a semi-circumf]5ce1 = example1 t ( a ra9b[ ( maximum dim5sions4 ,9 trac+ x once1 we employ ?ree out ( ! f\r muscles4 ,!y are br\ght into action successively & rapidly1 b n abruptly4 ,all ^! circum/ances are favorable to pleasure4 ,yet !y are n conducive to x 9 ! highe/ possible degree2 = ea* muscle acts only once unless ! exam9ation be repeat$2 & 9 case ( its repetition1 ! mom5tum ( ! eyeball is de/roy$ 9 /opp+ & rev]s+ its motion4 ,! wav+ l9e1 z ,hog>?'s l9e ( beauty1 obviates ! fir/ difficulty4 ,?is ensures n only ! successive action ( diff]5t muscles1 b a repetition ( action 9 ! same4 ,if ! l9e =ms a numb] ( equal waves1 ^! repetitions w be proportional to ! numb] ( waves1 & w alt]nately & totally relieve1 at lea/ two muscles1 & all[1 9 ! action ( a ?ird1 regul> remissions ( int5sity at equal int]vals4 ,we h prov$ !n1 t on ?is physiological !ory1 a semi-circumf]5ce possesses m ( ! elem5ts ( beauty ?an any /raight l9e1 & a regul>-wav$ l9e m ?an ei!r4 ,^! results are con=mable to exp]i5ce4 ,if !re is any difficulty 9 admitt+ ?is1 x w vani% on comp>+ ! ocul> ) o!r muscles4 ,let u select a jo9t1 :i*1 9 its sph]ical =m1 & ! circul> arrangem5t ( its muscles1 is analog\s to ! eye2 = example1 ! %\ld] jo9t4 ,i ?9k x w be uni=mly f\nd1 t 9 ! use ( ?is jo9t1 ! curves mo/ readily trac$1 are ^? ( g5tle & ne>ly equal curvature1 & be+ su* z are mo/ easily trac$ by ! eye1 !y w\ld appe> m beautiful ?an ^? drawn by ! f+]s ) ! same education4 ,= example1 let a man1 )\t b5d+ 8 wri/ or elb[1 draw v>i\s l9es ) a light /ick or cane on ! surface ( sn[3 ! l9es mo/ easily drawn 7or mo/ easily trac$ if already drawn71 w be curves ( consid]able beauty1 & ne>ly equal curvature2 su* z wav$ l9es & spirals & loop$ curves4 ,circles & ellipses w\ld also be among ! figures ) mo/ facility & precision trac$1 & especially 9 cases ( repeat$ trac+2 b we are n at pres5t consid]+ figures 9 ! prop] geometrical s5se ( ! t]m4 ,9 writ+ lett]s by ! above me?od1 a succession ( 'e's1 w\ld be m readily drawn ?an a succession ( 'i's1 or a zigzag l9e ) acute angles4 ,to in/itute a fair comp>ison betwe5 t]m9at$ l9es & figures1 ! compon5t l9es ( ! figures %\ld be z beautiful z ! t]m9at$ l9es ) :i* !y are comp>$4 ,) ?is precaution1 physiology w conduct to ! conclusion1 t figures are m beautiful ?an t]m9at$ l9es4 ,= ! survey ( any figure requires ! successive action ( all ^! ocul> muscles1 & a repeat$ survey requires no rev]sal ( ! motion4 ,we may apply ! same pr9ciples to figures z comp>$ ) ea* o!r4 ,"h we %all f9d ! advantage on ! side ( ^? :i* are geometrically regul>4 ,we p]ceive t ! circle & ellipse mu/ possess 9 great p]fection ! ess5tials ( beauty4 ,f figures1 ! transition is natural & easy to solids or bodies ( ?ree dim5sions4 ,! =m ( a body dep5ds on ^? ( all its faces & sections2 & ^! la/ are plane figures4 ,! elliptical sections ( a regul> sph]oid are all highly beautiful1 b its sections are n all elliptical4 ,unless ! sph]oid be 9 c]ta9 positions1 ! sph]e possesses /ill high] beauty1 z pres5t+ ! same circul> & highly beautiful outl9e 9 e position2 al?\gh a v>iety ( positions is n ess5tial to ! p]ception ( its peculi> beauty1 :5ev] ! obs]v] has le>n$ by diff]5t me?ods1 & especially by diff]5t degrees ( conv]g5ce ( ! two optic axes1 to e/imate ! relative di/ances ( ! diff]5t po9ts ( ! visible hemisph]e1 & ?us to recognise ! sph]ical =m4 ,i w only add1 f ! analysis ( ! beauty ( ! circle x is evid5t1 t )9 c]ta9 limits1 to magnify a sph]e is to magnify its beauty4 ,! relative beauty ( ! sph]e & sph]oid1 & ( ! sph]oid z comp>$ ) itself 9 diff]5t positions1 is modifi$ by symmetry4 ,! pr9ciple ( symmetry1 is 9 "s measure di/9ct f any o!r h]et(ore consid]$4 ,x may be treat$ "u ! heads ( #a/1 geometrical symmetry1 or symmetry ( =m2 #b;d1 ( symmetry ( position4 ,symmetry ( =m1 ?\gh impli$ 9 geometrical regul>ity1 is n id5tical ) x1 & requires a sep>ate consid]ation4 ,! beauty ( =ms geometrically symmetrical1 9 contradi/9ction f ^? defici5t 9 ! correspond5ce ( opposite halves1 dep5ds ^u two simil> s]ies ( actions 9 diff]5t pairs or muscles4 ,= example1 ! survey ( an ovate leaf1 or inde$ t ( almo/ any vegetable leaf--s num]\s are ! provisions = our gratification--requires = its opposite halves two s]ies ( muscul> actions1 ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! "o correspond+ ) ^? ( ! o!r 9 duration1 int5sity1 & ord] ( succession4 ,! gratification 9 ?is case results f ! h>mony ( muscul> s5sations individually pleasurable4 ,! agreeabl5ess ( ?is h>mony may dep5d ^u a pr9ciple m psy*ological ?an t ( ! agreeabl5ess ( its elem5t>y s5sations4 ,yet ! =m] is to a c]ta9 ext5t susceptible ( a physiological g5]alization4 ,?is h>mony w\ld probably h be5 impair$ by any consid]able inequality 9 ! di/ances betwe5 ! po9ts ( ins]tion ( ! recti muscles1 or 9 ! /r5g? ( ! antagoni/s4 ,x is a curi\s co9cid5ce1 t 9 bo? ^! respects1 ^! muscles are m ne>ly symmetrical ?an any o!rs 9 ! human body4 ,physiology1 !n1 expla9s1 n only ! agreeabl5ess ( ! elem5t>y s5sations1 :i* give rise to ! p]ception ( beauty 9 regul> curves1 b unfolds ! provisions = two simil> s]ies ( su* s5sations1 n only 9 figures simply regul>1 b 9 ^? :i* are simply symmetrical1 & 9 ^? :i* are bo? symmetrical & regul>4 ,! pr9ciples ( muscul> action expla9 ! agreeabl5ess ( a rapid succession ( v>i$ actions equally di/ribut$ among ! muscles1 & ! /ructure ( ! optical app>atus expla9s :y ! curvature & regul>ity ( an object require su* actions 9 vision4 ,aga91 we discov] 9 ! symmetrical /ructure & arrangem5t ( ! ocul> muscles1 a provision = two simil> s]ies ( pleasurable s5sations 9 ! survey ( a symmetrical figure1 9 :atev] position x may be plac$1 provid$ x reta9s its symmetry ) respect to "s visual plane4 ,! co9cid5ce betwe5 ! location ( ! ocul> muscles diametrically opposite1 on ! "o h&1 & our prop5sity to comp>e ! opposite halves ( bodies1 & ! pleasure af=d$ by _! simil>ity on ! o!r h&1 is curi\s1 & to a c]ta9 ext5t af=ds a physiological explanation ( ! beauty ( symmetrical =ms4 ,! same pr9ciples :i* apply to ! beauty ( =m ( inanimate objects are applicable to ! pa?s describ$ by !m 9 motion4 ,! intr9sic beauty ( _! motions is exclusively ref]rible to s5sations 9 ! ocul> muscles ( ! obs]v]1 :ile ! gracefulness ( human motions is ref]rible 9 "p to ^!1 & 9 "p to s5sations 9 o!r muscles4 ,x w\ld be =eign to ! subject ( ! pres5t memoir1 to consid] ! beauty ( expression ( ! human c\nt5ance2 al?\gh ?is species ( beauty is 9 a great degree ref]rible to muscul> action4 ,t muscul> action :i* belongs to ! pres5t topic is n t ( ! object1 b t ( ! obs]v]4 ,x may be sc>cely necess>y aga9 to disclaim any design ( giv+ a complete analysis ( beauty 9 g5]al1 or to repeat ! concession t man's notions ( beauty are modifi$ by v>i\s associations4 ,f9al ,cause4--,! b5evol5ce ( ! ,au?or ( nature is /rik+ly manife/$ 9 connect+ pres5t pleasure ) ob$i5ce to ! natural laws4 ,x has be5 %[n t vision is att5d$ ) muscul> action :i* is g5]ally pleasurable4 ,if see+ _h requir$ no muscul> action1 we %\ld h want$ "o ( our pres5t /imuli to ! acquisition ( k4 ,?is /imulus is especially necess>y 9 infancy1 & !n p[]fully prompts to obs]vation1 ev5 ant]ior to ! dawn+s ( intellectual curiosity1 ) :i* x subsequ5tly co-op]ates4 ,we see1 9 ?is arrangem5t1 ! exemplification ( a pr9ciple :i* ext5sively p]vades ! laws "u :i* we are plac$ by ! ,creator--:i* is1 t m5tal atta9m5ts1 z well z o!r acquisitions1 %all require action2 & t action %all be att5d$ ) pleasure4 ,:e!r ! acquisition is to be made by ! manual labor ( ! artisan1 by ! manipulations ( ! arti/1 ! *ymi/1 or ! exp]im5tal philosoph]1 by ! s$5t>y /ud5t ( books1 or by ! obs]v] ( natural ph5om5a 9 8 orig9al survey ( ! univ]se--9 e case x is muscul> action4 ,?is application to natural !ology1 has ?us f> _h ref]5ce to t degree ( intr9sic agreeabl5ess :i* is common to =ms 9 g5]al4 ,b ! laws ( nature specially t5d to ! production ( curv$1 regul>1 & symmetrical objects & motions1 9 inorganic vegetable & animal bodies2 & impose ! necessity ( simil> =ms 9 artificial /ructures4 ,) a diff]5t /ructure & arrangem5t ( ! ocul> muscles1 ^? =ms peculi>ly conducive to our welf>e & t ( ! univ]se1 _h possess$ no peculi> attractions2 & we _h felt no special impulse ( ?is k9d to con=m our own artificial /ructures to ^? laws ( nature1 or to inve/igate _m ( ! mo/ important works ( ! ,creator4 ,yet nei!r gravity or any o!r law ( ! ext]nal _w c\ld h det]m9$ ! peculi> =mation ( ! muscles ( ! human eye4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 ref] _! actual /ructure & location to t ,be+ :o gives to ! objects ( 8 creative p[]1 & to ! pr9ciples by :i* he gov]ns !m1 su* a mutual adaptation z conduces to ! greate/ a*ievable good4 ,?us1 :ile muscul> pleasure orig9ally prompts to ! obs]vation ( ! ,creator's works1 ?is obs]vation is rew>d$ & subsequ5tly prompt$ by a pleasure ( an incomp>ably high] ord]1 ( a "* purely m5tal1 by ! discov]y ( moral beauty1 :i* 9 rank & ref9em5t surpasses all o!rs4 ,/ill1 ! muscul> pleasure ( ! eye /rongly incites to ! exam9ation ( ! numb]less =ms ( beauty 9 ! organic & inorganic k+doms1 su* z ! symmetrical leaf1 ! b5d+ b\gh1 ! symmetry ( ! tree itself t ( inf]ior animals1 & ( ! human =m4 ,or we may ext5d our view to ! circul> or undulat+ horizon1 ! app>5t limits ( ! app>5tly r\nd _w2 or we may elevate ! eyes to ! ar*$ dome ( ! firmam5t1 on :i* ! ar*es ( ! iris & aurora occasionally conf] additional beauty4 ,or ) ! telescope we may pi]ce ?is app>5t limit ( upw>d vision1 & discov] beyond x a univ]se ( sph]ical & sph]oidal worlds1 revolv+ 9 circul> & elliptical orbits1 worlds & orbits :i* pres5t1 ev5 9 our dim9utive diagrams1 a high ord] ( beauty1 design$ to incite u to ! contemplation ( ^! mo/ magnific5t works ( ! ,creator4 ,all ?is beauty _h be5 lo/ to man1 b = ! prop]ty ( ! eye1 :i*1 on a sup]ficial reflection1 might seem a defect4 ,x is no less true ?an p>adoxical1 t ! p]ception ( ^! beauties dep5ds on indi/9ctness ( vision4 ,to a be+ s con/itut$ z to see ) equal di/9ctness by oblique & direct vision1 ! same =ms might be pres5t$1 b n z =ms ( beauty4 ,has ! ,creator1 !n1 sacrific$ a portion ( our p]ceptive p[]s to our s5sual gratification8 ,i answ] no4 ,has he1 !n1 sacrific$ a portion ( our direct means ( acquir+ k1 to af=d an incitem5t :i* %\ld ultimately & indirectly enhance our atta9m5ts8 ,aga9 ,i am compell$ to answ] 9 ! negative4 ,!re is1 9 ?is arrangem5t1 no intellectual sacrifice :atev]1 direct or indirect4 ,?is indi/9ctness ( oblique vision1 :i* might seem a defect1 ,i consid] an excell5ce4 ,a simultane\s & di/9ct impression receiv$ f ! :ole field ( vision1 w\ld di/ract ! att5tion & preclude a m9ute & accurate exam9ation ( any p>ticul> "p4 ,b z our eyes are s con/itut$ z to receive a /rong & di/9ct impression only f ! images ( ^? objects t[>d :i* _! axes are direct$1 & z our m9ds are s con/itut$ t we c 9 a great measure neglect ! weak] or less di/9ct impressions1 we are able to acquire a m exact k ( any "p ( ! field to :i* we *oose to att5d4 ,to see e ?+ at once1 w\ld be to exam9e no?+4 ,su* a con/itution ( ! eye w\ld be to vision :at an indiscrim9at+ memory is to ! und]/&+4 ,e4 ,,/&>d ,,( ,,beauty4 ,to %[ t ! s5tim5ts ( mank9d ) reg>d to female beauty1 h be5 v v>i\s 9 diff]5t ages & nations1 & t x is n possible to e/abli% a /&>d :i* %all compreh5d all1 )\t discrim9ations1 a few facts may be m5tion$4 ,among ! anci5ts1 a small =ehead & jo9$ eyebr[s 7 mu* admir$ 9 a female c\nt5ance2 & 9 ,p]sia1 l>ge jo9$ eyebr[s are /ill highly e/eem$4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,asia1 black tee? & :ite hair1 are ess5tial +r$i5ts 9 ! "* ( a beauty2 & 9 ! ,m>ian ,isl&s1 x is cu/om>y among ! ladies to black5 _! tee? ) h]bs1 & to black _! hair ) c]ta9 liquors4 ,beauty1 9 ,*9a & ,japan1 is compos$ ( a l>ge c\nt5ance1 small1 & half-conceal$ eyes1 a broad nose1 little & useless feet1 & a prom95t belly4 ,! ,flat-head ,indians compress ! heads ( _! *ildr5 betwe5 two bo>ds1 ) a view to enl>ge & beautify ! face2 "s tribes compress ! head lat]ally2 o!rs depress ! cr[n1 & o!rs make ! head z r\nd z possible4 ,! ,moors ( ,africa1 says ,p>k1 h s+ul> ideas ( female p]fection2 ! gracefulness ( figure & motion1 & a c\nt5ance enliv5$ by expression1 are by no means op]ative po9ts 9 _! /&>d2 ) !m corpul5cy & beauty are t]ms ne>ly synonym\s4 ,or wom5 ( ev5 mod]ate pret5sions1 mu/ be "o :o _c walk )\t a slave "u ea* arm to support h]1 & a p]fect beauty is a load = a camel4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is preval5t ta/e = unwield9ess ( bulk1 ! ,moori% ladies take great pa9s to acquire x e>ly 9 life1 & = ?is purpose _m ( ! "y girls are compell$ by _! mo!rs to swall[ a great quantity ( k\sk\s1 & dr9k a l>ge b[l ( camel's milk e morn+4 ,x is ( no importance :e!r ! girl has an appetite or n1 ! k\sk\s & milk mu/ be swall[$1 & ob$i5ce is frequ5tly en=c$ by bl[s4 ,i h se5 a poor girl sit cry+ ) ! b[l at h] lips = m ?an an h\r1 & h] "m ) a /ick 9 h] h& wat*+ h] all ! :ile1 & us+ ! /ick )\t m]cy :5ev] %e obs]v$ t h] daught] 0 n swall[+4 ,?is s+ul> practice1 in/ead ( produc+ indige/ion & disease1 soon cov]s ! "y lady ) t degree ( plumpness1 :i* 9 ! eye ( a ,moor1 is p]fection itself4 ,^! facts %[ t e nation almo/ has ideas ( beauty peculi> to itself2 & x is no less evid5t t ne>ly e individual has 8 own notions & ta/e conc]n+ x4 ,! empire ( beauty1 h[ev]1 says a writ] already quot$1 amid ^! discordant ideas1 ) respect to ! qualities 9 :i* x consi/s1 has be5 v g5]ally ackn[l$g$1 & p>ticul>ly 9 all civiliz$ c\ntries2 & :5 x is unit$ ) o!r accompli%m5ts t t5d to r5d] females amiable1 x contributes 9 no small degree1 to give !m importance & influ5ce1 to poli% ! mann]s ( society1 & to contribute to its ord] & happ9ess4 ,f4 ,,temp]am5t4 ,! views ( ,mr4 ,walk] 9 relation to ,temp]am5ts1 correspond ) ^? usually ent]ta9$ by physiological writ]s4 ,x is to be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t !y r>ely occur simple 9 any individual1 two or m be+ g5]ally comb9$4 ,! bili\s & n]v\s1 = example1 is a common comb9ation1 :i* gives /r5g? & activity2 ! lymphatic & n]v\s1 is also common1 & produces s5sitive delicacy ( m5tal con/itution1 conjo9$ ) indol5ce4 ,! n]v\s & sangu9e comb9$1 give extreme vivacity1 b )\t correspond+ vigor4 ,dr4 ,?omas ( ,p>is1 has advanc$ ! foll[+ !ory ( ! temp]am5ts3 ,:5 ! dige/ive organs1 fill+ ! abdom9al cavity1 are l>ge1 & ! lungs & bra9 small1 ! individual is lymphatic2 he is fond ( fe$+1 & av]se to m5tal & muscul> ex]tion4 ,:5 ! he>t & lungs are l>ge1 & ! bra9 & abdom5 small1 ! individual is sangu9e2 blood ab\nds1 & is propell$ ) vigor2 he is !re=e fond ( muscul> ex]cise1 b av]se to ?\ght4 ,:5 ! bra9 is l>ge1 & ! abdom9al & ?oracic visc]a small1 great m5tal en]gy is ! consequ5ce4 ,^! proportions may be comb9$ 9 great v>ieties1 & modifi$ results w ensue4#ei ,mr4 ,combe1 9 8 late lectures 9 ?is city1 laid great /ress on ! relative size ( ! ?ree great visc]al cavities1 9 det]m9+ ! temp]am5t4 ,?us1 if ! abdom9al & ?oracic cavities be small1 & ! cranial cavity l>ge1 ! n]v\s temp]am5t is indicat$4 ,if ! abdom5 & scull be comp>atively small1 & ! *e/ l>ge1 ! sangu9e temp]am5t is indicat$4 ,! pr$om9ance ( ! abdom9al cavity indicates ! lymphatic temp]am5t4 ,mr4 ,c4 also po9t$ out ! important *anges produc$ 9 ! temp]am5t by a long cont9u$ c\rse ( tra9+4 ,x is common = ! bili\s1 to be *ang$ into ! n]v\s temp]am5t1 by habits ( m5tal activity1 & close /udy2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 we (t5 see ! n]v\s or bili\s *ang$ into ! lymphatic ab\t ! age ( #dj1 :5 ! nutritive sy/em seems to acquire ! prepond]ance4 ,spurzheim us$ to say1 t he _h orig9ally a l>ge portion ( ! lymphatic temp]am5t1 z _h all 8 family2 b t 9 himself ! lymphatic _h gradually dim9i%$1 & ! n]v\s gradually increas$2 :]eas1 9 8 si/]s1 ow+ to m5tal inactivity1 ! rev]se _h happ5$1 & :5 he visit$ !m1 aft] be+ abs5t _m ye>s1 he f\nd !m1 to use 8 own expression1 z l>ge z tuns4 ,! subject ( temp]am5t has be5 treat$ ) consummate ability by ,dr4 ,*>les ,caldwell ( ,k5tucky2 & z 8 essay is b little kn[n1 we %all pres5t "s extracts f x4 ,x w be se5 t 8 views be> a close resemblance to ^? ( ,dr4 ,?omas1 already m5tion$2 b ,dr4 ,c4 has %[n t !y 7 publicly ma9ta9$ by him1 at lea/ two ye>s be=e ! appe>ance ( ,dr4 ,?omas's "w4#fj ,aft] expla9+ ! doctr9e ( ! temp]am5ts1 z taught by ! anci5ts1 & %[+ t x is f\nd$ on ! explod$ hypo!sis ( humoralism1 ,dr4 ,c4 goes on to %[1 t x is ! solids ( ! body :i* make man :at he is2 t !y =m ! fluids1 & give !m _! "*2 t !y are1 9 %ort1 ! cause1 & ! fluids ! effect4 ,! diff]5ce1 says ,dr4 ,c41 betwe5 individuals1 or r classes1 ( ! human family1 :i* temp]am5t is made to designate1 appe>s to dep5d on two causes2 div]sity ( organization 9 p>ts or ! :ole ( ! bodies ( diff]5t p]sons1 giv+ rise to a correspond+ div]sity 9 ! vital prop]ties2 & diff]5ce ( size & vigor 9 c]ta9 rul+ organs ( ! sy/em4 ,! exi/5ce & influ5ce ( ! =m] ( ^! causes are 9 ! highe/ degree probable2 ^? ( ! latt] c]ta94 ,! "o is susceptible ( /rong support1 ! o!r ( pro( t may be t]m$ positive4 ,by 'organization' is "h meant1 ! m9ute int]ior or radical /ructure ( ! tissues :i* compose ! human body4 ,t div]sity 9 ?is creates a div]sity 9 ! vital prop]ties1 & t aga9 a div]sity 9 "*1 _c ,i ?9k be d\bt$4 ,:e!r ! diff]5ce ( organization "h ref]r$ to1 consi/s 9 diff]5t proportions ( ! elem5t ( liv+ matt] t =m ! tissues1 unit$ 9 ! same way1 or 9 _! diff]5t modes ( arrangem5t & union1 or bo?1 or :e!r x may n arise 9 "p f diff]5t proportions ( ! simpl] tissues ent]+ into ! =mation ( ! m comp\nd organs1 is n kn[n4 ,m9ute anatomy has n yet atta9$ a degree ( p]fection compet5t to settle a po9t ( su* subtility4 ,dr4 ,c4 aft]w>d goes on to prove t no s+le n]ve1 or organ1 c p]=m two di/9ct functions1 b t ea* is capable ( "o mode ( action1 & no m2 t betwe5 a n]ve1 a muscle1 & a gl&1 ! only diff]5ce kn[n to exi/1 is t ( organization2 & t if !y are organiz$ alike1 & end[$ ) life1 _! prop]ties w be simil>1 & !y w act 9 ! same way4 ,s also betwe5 animals ( ! same race1 we discov] innum]able diff]5ces1 :i* c be ref]r$ to no?+ b diff]5ces 9 organization1 & ! same may be affirm$ ( vegetables4 ,! conclusion to :i* ,dr4 ,c4 arrives1 & :i* he ma9ta9s ) great +5uity is1 t indep5d5tly ( all o!r causes1 diff]5ces 9 human temp]am5t are to be attribut$1 9 "p1 to correspond+ diff]5ces 9 ! organization ( c]ta9 portions1 or ! :ole ( ! body2 & t1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is s\rce ( influ5ce alone1 "o p]son diff]s f ano!r 9 _m ( ! qualities ( bo? p]son & intellect4 ,9 o!r words1 he is m highly gift$1 sprightly1 & vigor\s1 or ! rev]se2 or he is m c\rage\s or timid1 g5]\s or selfi%1 accord+ to 8 organization4 ,b ! second cause t 0 repres5t$ to be in/rum5tal 9 div]sify+ ! human temp]am5ts is by f> ! mo/ p[]ful4 ,x w be rememb]$ to h be51 'diff]5ce ( size & vigor 9 c]ta9 rul+ organs ( ! sy/em4' ,! organs allud$ to are ^? conta9$ 9 ! ?ree great cavities ( ! body2 ! *ylopoetic1 situat$ 9 ! abdom51 & includ+ ! /oma* & inte/9es1 ) ! liv]1 pancreas1 mes5t]y1 & lacteals2 ^? ( sanguification & circulation1 situat$ 9 ! ?orax1 & consi/+ ( ! lungs1 he>t1 & bloodvessels2 & ! bra91 ) its app5dages1 ! sp9al cord & n]ves4 ,^! ?ree gr\ps 7= ! bra9 is multiplex z well z ! o!r two7 are n only ! rul+ organs 9 ! p]son ( man2 connect$ ) ! h>d & s(t p>ts t enclose !m1 !y con/itute ! p]son4 ,! upp] & l[] extremities are b app5dages2 important & necess>y1 x mu/ be ackn[l$g$2 b /ill app5dages4 ,! individual c exi/ & be a human be+ )\t !m4 ,nor h !y any influ5ce 9 imp>t+ con/itutional "* to _! possessors4 ,/&+ only 9 ! capacity ( subord9ates to ! controll+ organs1 !y are n only n\ri%$ & put 9 motion by !m2 !y labor me*anically = _! uses1 & s]ve z in/rum5ts to execute _! purposes4 ,!y are compos$ ( ! extreme ends ( ! organiz$ matt] ( ! sy/em1 con/itute only its outworks1 & possess b little influ5ce ov] its c5tral p>ts4 ,?is repres5tation re/s on evid5ce t may be t]m$ demon/rative4 ,_m p]sons de/itute ( ! upp] or l[] extremities1 or bo?1 h /rong *>act]s & well-m>k$ temp]am5ts4 ,b ! extremities1 if depriv$ ( ! influ5ce ( any "o gr\p ( ! rul+ organs1 are conv]t$ n only into useless b lifeless masses4 ,( ! sk91 muscles1 & bones1 :i* compose ! head1 neck1 & trunk ( ! body1 ! same is true4 ,( !mselves !y possess no "*1 & c !re=e be/[ none4 ,!y also are b app5dages to ! organs !y cov]1 af=d+ !m a secure lodgm5t & protection f ext]nal injuries1 & aid+ !m 9 ! p]=mance ( "s ( _! functions4 ,& f ?is alone is _! importance d]iv$4 ,7 x possible = !m to exi/ ap>t f ! visc]a !y conta91 _! grade ( be+ w\ld be bel[ t ( _m vegetables4 ,mo/ fatal diseases1 moreov]1 h _! orig9al seat 9 ! visc]a ( "o ( ! ?ree great cavities ( ! body1 & no disease orig9at+ else:]e c become fatal1 until1 by sympa?y or meta/asis1 "s ( ^? p>ts are deeply affect$4 ,to enlight5$ physiologi/s ?is /atem5t pres5ts b a s]ies ( famili> tru?s4 ,to ! gr\ps ( organs exclusively1 !n1 ,i repeat1 conta9$ 9 ! abdom51 ! ?orax1 & ! cranium1 mu/ we look z ! ma9 s\rce ( human "*4 ,& t "* is diff]5t accord+ to ! pr$om9ance1 9 diff]5t individuals1 ( "o gr\p or ano!r1 or ( any two ( !m4 ,an equilibrium betwe5 ! ?ree gr\ps con/itutes ano!r v>iety1 by be/[+ on "* a correspond+ equilibrium4 ,let ! ^w temp]am5t be sub/itut$ = '"*1' & :at is true ( ! latt] w be s ( ! =m]4 ,z already m5tion$1 ! organs ref]r$ to w be its s\rce2 & ! diff]5ces 9 _! pr$om9ance w give div]sity to x4 ,dr4 ,c4 !n %[s t ! /r5g? & p]fection ( ea* ( ! s5ses are proportion$ to ! size ( ! n]ve on :i* t s5se dep5ds4 ,?is is illu/rat$ by a p[]ful array ( facts1 drawn f diff]5t ord]s ( ! animal k+dom1 z well z f ! diff]5t v>ieties ( mank9d4 ,x is also /at$1 t :]e any n]ve or set ( n]ves1 is peculi>ly l>ge1 ! portion ( ! bra9 to :i* !y belong1 & by :i* !y are influ5c$ & comm&$1 is correspond+ly l>ge4 ,inasmu*1 !n1 z1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 size gives p[] to ev]y?+ else1 we are n only ju/ifi$ 9 believ+1 on gr\nds ( analogy we are compell$ to believe1 t ! same is true ( ! organs conta9$ 9 ! cranium1 ! ?orax1 & ! abdom54 ,:5 !y are 9 a s\nd & natural condition1 _! size is also ! measure ( _! p[]4 ,7 n ?is ! case1 !y w\ld be ei!r altoge!r abnormal1 or subject to laws t gov]n no o!r k9d ( matt]1 :e!r organic or inorganic1 ( :i* we h any k4 ,b ! position ,i am cont5d+ = is n to be reg>d$ z a m]e inf]5ce 9 a process ( reason+4 ,x w appe> h]eaft] t x is a positive fact1 :i* obs]vation has discov]$1 & cont9ues to confirm4 ,i h alleg$ t ! size ( ! ?ree gr\ps ( rul+ organs may be asc]ta9$ by t ( ! cases 9 :i* !y are conta9$4 ,nor d ,i p]ceive on :at gr\nd any "o1 :o is ev5 mod]ately acqua9t$ ) ! /ructure ( ! human body1 c controv]t ! belief1 or *]i% ! slighte/ d\bt on ! subject ( x4 ,9 heal?y p]sons 7& my rem>ks relate only to su*7 ! size ( ! bra9 is necess>ily kn[n by t ( ! head4 ,z ! viscus completely fills ! cranium1 ! case _c be o!rwise4 ,al?\gh ! bones ( ! head & ! s(t p>ts t cov] !m are ?ick] 9 "s individuals ?an 9 o!rs1 ! diff]5ce is s small z n mat]ially to affect ! result4 ,! *e/ is fill$ by ! lungs1 he>t1 & l>ge bloodvessels4 ,its measure1 !re=e1 _c fail to be ! measure ( !m4 ,any deviation f exactness 9 ?is1 t may be produc$ by v>ieties 9 ! ?ickness ( ! sk91 muscles1 & o!r p>ts1 is ( no mom5t4 ,( ! *ylopoetic visc]a ! same is true4 ,!y also fill exactly ! cavity prep>$ = !m4 ,! size ( ! abdom51 !re=e1 af=ds a k ( _! size suffici5tly accurate = all practical purposes4 ,by a m]e inspection ( ! p]son ( man1 !n1 ! absolute measure ( ! gr\ps ( organs ,i am consid]+1 z well z _! magnitude 9 relation to ea* o!r1 c be fairly asc]ta9$4 ,& x w appe> on exam9ation1 z already /at$1 t ! pr$om9ance 9 size & en]gy ( any "o or two ( !m1 always imp>ts a correspond+ div]sity to ! human "*4 ,does ! bra9 pr$om9ate8 ,! individual to :om x belongs is m rem>kable = ! vigor ( 8 intellect or feel+1 or bo?1 ?an = any o!r con/itutional quality4 ,^! modes ( m5tal manife/ation con/itute ! natural functions ( ! bra92 & :5 ( an ord] unusually high1 !y give a peculi>ity ( "* to ! :ole sy/em4 ,! p]son ?us end[$ feels m ke5ly1 ?9ks m /rongly1 is m eag] 9 pursuit ( k1 & atta9s x ) m facility4 ,8 reli% = pleasure is also inord9ately ke51 & he pursues x at times ) burn+ ardor4 ,su* 0 ! con/itutional "* ( ,mr4 ,fox1 & also ( our di/+ui%$ c\ntryman ! late ,mr4 ,bay>d4 ,i ne$ sc>cely add1 t ?is pr$om9ance ( s5sibility & m5tal action mu/ necess>ily modify ! diseases ! individual may su/a94 ,b ( ?is ,i %all speak h]eaft]4 ,d ! lungs1 he>t1 & bloodvessels pr$om9ate8 ,a l>g] volume ( highly art]ializ$ blood is =m$1 & ?r[n m =cibly & 9 great] quantities ?r\gh\t ! sy/em4 ,f ! abundance ( t fluid1 & ! sup]ior size ( ! vessels convey+ x1 ^? p>ts ( ! body n\ri%$ by ! r$ blood w be comp>atively mo/ copi\sly suppli$4 ,b x is m especially ! muscles t are ?us n\ri%$4 ,!y w be !re=e l>ge & p[]ful4 ,h5ce p]sons ) broad & full *e/s h well-develop$ & vigor\s muscles4 ,9 proportion to _! size _! animal /r5g? is necess>ily great4 ,nor c su* con/itutional peculi>ities fail to be productive ( peculi>ities 9 disease8 ,d ! *ylopoetic visc]a pr$om9ate8 ,! am\nt ( *yle =m$ is v l>ge 9 proportion to ! quantity ( food eat54 ,b ! lungs1 he>t1 & bloodvessels be+ comp>atively small1 nei!r is sanguification abundant & p]fect nor circulation vigor\s4 ,! blood is n ei!r highly art]ializ$ or animaliz$4 ,its am\nt ( r$ globules is small1 & x circulates feebly ?r\gh vessels ( a limit$ size4 ,! consequ5ce is1 t ! muscles receive less r$ blood1 & are less fully n\ri%$2 ! sy/em at l>ge is n s highly endu$ ) life1 & ! s(t p>ts g5]ally h a l[] tone4 ,! individual ?us m>k$ is less robu/ & vigor\s ?an "o ^: sy/em is suppli$ abundantly ) highly art]ializ$ blood1 & less intellectual & sprightly ?an ^? ^: bra9 pr$om9ates4 ,x is almo/ ne$less to say1 t1 "u su* circum/ances1 disease mu/ be modifi$ 9 con=mity to ! con/itution4 ,f ! prec$+ views x cle>ly appe>s1 t ! comp>ative /&+ ( individual man1 z relates to 8 race1 is graduat$ by ! pr$om9ance ( 8 lead+ organs4 ,d 8 abdom9al visc]a prepond]ate8 ,he has mu* ( ! animal 9 him1 & 8 grade is l[4 ,are 8 ?oracic visc]a mo/ highly develop$8 ,8 qualities are ( a sup]ior ord]2 b he /ill p>takes too mu* ( ! animal4 ,does 8 c]ebral sy/em pr$om9ate2 & is x well develop$ 9 all its p>ts8 ,he rises above ! sph]e ( animal nature1 & /&s high 9 t ( humanity4 ,he is =m$ = an intellectual & moral be+1 ) no m ( animality 9 8 con/itution1 ?an is necess>y to give him practical en]gy ( "*4 ,?is subject may be f>!r illu/rat$ by a ref]5ce to "s ( ! animals bel[ u4 ,! worm commonly d5om9at$ a grub is b little else ?an a mass ( abdom9al matt]4 ,x is !re=e "o ( ! humble/ & grosse/ ( worms4 ,! insect has also a l>ge abdom51 ) a v small *e/1 & a small] head4 ,h5ce1 ?\gh sup]ior to ! grub1 x is l[ 9 ! scale ( animal nature4 ,reptiles & fi% are m elevat$1 because _! abdom9al visc]a prepond]ate less4 ,b /ill !y d prepond]ate2 & !re=e ! rank ( ! animals is humble4 ,9 ! hog ! abdom9al visc]a are mo/ /rongly develop$1 & h5ce 8 /&+ among quadrup$s is l[4 ,! same is true ( ! be> & ! ox1 & also ( ! %eep & ! goat1 b 9 an inf]ior degree4 ,! horse1 especially ! b>b & ! racehorse1 furni% no bad specim5s ( ! mix$ or balanc$ temp]am5t4 ,:5 ! latt] is und]go+ prep>ation = ! c\rse1 ! object ( 8 keep] is to make ! ?oracic temp]am5t prepond]ate z mu* z possible1 = ! "t1 9 ord] to increase 8 vigor & endurance2 9 ! language ( ! turf1 to give him m /r5g? & 'bett] bottom4' ,! w>horse approa*es ! ?oracic temp]am5t4 ,9 ! can9e race1 m especially 9 ! greyh\nd1 ! ?oracic visc]a hold ! asc5d5cy4 ,h5ce ! muscul> p[] ( ! dog is great]1 & 8 grade among quadrup$s high] ?an ^? ( mo/ ( ! prec$+ animals4 ,! same is true ( ! wolf1 ! pan!r1 & ! tig]4 ,9 "s dogs !re is a consid]able c]ebral developm5t1 b x is nev] l>ge en\gh to c\nt]balance ! ?oracic4 ,( all animals1 ! lion af=ds ! mo/ f9i%$ specim5 ( ?oracic prepond]ance4 ,9 proportion to 8 size1 8 lungs & he>t1 especially ! latt]1 are imm5sely l>ge4 ,& 8 muscul> p[] corresponds to !m4 ,! magnitude ( 8 he>t is g5]ally consid]$ ! cause ( 8 boldness4 ,h5ce a v c\rage\s man is said to h a great he>t1 or to be lion-he>t$4 ,all ?is is popul> error4 ,! he>t is b a muscle2 &1 9 man1 has no m connexion ) c\rage ?an ! ga/rocnemii muscles2 nor1 9 ! lion1 ?an ! muscles t move 8 tail4 ,c\rage is exclusively a c]ebral attribute1 & has its seat 9 an organ specifically appropriat$ to x4 ,9 none ( ! inf]ior animals does ! bra9 prepond]ate4 ,t prepond]ance belongs to humanity1 &1 z already m5tion$1 indicates its highe/ grade4 ,( all ! be+s bel[ u1 "s ( ! ape tribe h ! highe/ c]ebral developm5t4 ,& !y approa* ne>e/ to man 9 _! degree ( intellect4 ,?is is f>!r pro( t1 o!r ?+s be+ alike1 ! bra9 gives ! measure ( m5tal p[]4 ,i h lately se5 a publication1 9 :i* x is gravely ass]t$1 t ! l>ge orang-outang cat*es crabs ) a /ick1 & makes a rude basket ( osi]s to conta9 !m4 ,not)/&+ ! well-kn[n sagacity ( t animal1 ?is /atem5t savors /rongly ( ! 'tale ( a travell]4' ,consid]$ 9 relation to ^! pr9ciples1 temp]am5t may be divid$ into sev5 v>ieties4 #a1 ! mix$ or balanc$1 9 :i* ! rul+ organs are 9 fair proportion to ea* o!r2 #b1 ! encephalic2 #c1 ! ?oracic2 #d1 ! abdom9al2 #e1 ! encephalo-?oracic2 #f1 ! encephalo-abdom9al2 & #g1 ! ?oracico-abdom9al4 #a4 ,! mix$ or balanc$ v>iety4 ,9 ?is ! "n expla9s ! temp]am5t4 ,! ext]nal m>ks ( x are pla94 ,!y consi/ 9 a well-adju/$ proportion betwe5 ! sizes ( ! head1 ?orax1 & abdom54 ,if ! limbs are 9 h>mony1 ! symmetry ( ! entire p]son is complete4 ,al?\gh individuals1 9 :om ?is temp]am5t prevails1 are usually above ! middle height1 & well-=m$1 !y are n necess>ily s4 ,!y may be ( any /ature1 & any %ape1 /raight or crook$1 provid$ ! ?ree great cavities & _! cont5ts be accurately balanc$4 ,?is is n ! temp]am5t ( ei!r e>ly life or old age4 ,x comm5ces ) manhood1 & cont9ues until ! =tie? or =ty-fif? ye>1 & !n passes into some:at ( ! abdom9al4 ,! ,apollo ,belvid]e1 by ,phidias1 is an exquisite specim5 ( x4 ,b "s mod]n arti/s h violat$ x1 9 pa9t+ t /atue1 by mak+ ! *e/ & ! head loo l>ge4 ,al?\gh ! manife/ation ( /r5g?1 maje/y1 & intellect1 is height5$ by ?is1 ! beauty ( ! y\?ful god is m>r$4 ,! figure1 ?\gh m impos+1 has lo/ its *>m4 #b4 ,! encephalic4 ,9 ?is v>iety ! head is relatively l>ge1 b is n always equally develop$ 9 e "p1 a circum/ance :i* v>ies greatly1 z w pres5tly appe>1 ! *>act]s ( ^? :o possess ! temp]am5t4 ,! developm5t ( ! ?orax & abdom5 is mod]ate1 ! p]son lean1 & ! c\nt5ance expressive ( int5se feel+ & deep passion4 ,9 "s individuals1 h[ev]1 ! c\nt5ance beams ) intellig5ce1 )\t mu* passion1 :ile1 9 o!rs1 manife/ations ( p[]ful intellect & passion are unit$4 ,! ?oracic & abdom9al activity is nev] high2 yet 9 _m in/ances ! p]sonal h>dihood & endurance are inv9cible4 ,x is m5 ( ?is temp]am5t alone t c immortalize !mselves by great a*ievem5ts1 good or bad4 ,all hi/ory & obs]vation te/ify to ?is4 ,is ! developm5t v l>ge 9 ! moral & intellectual regions ( ! bra91 & s mod]ate 9 ! animal z to be held fully 9 *eck8 ,! individual w di/+ui% himself by a dignifi$ purity ( deportm5t1 & by ! p]=mance ( great & good de$s4 ,are ! animal & m]e kn[+ comp>tm5ts l>gely develop$1 & ! moral & reflect+ v slightly8 ,z relates to vice & pr(ligacy 9 _! f\le/ %apes1 ?is is ! wor/ ( all temp]am5ts4 ,no?+ m prone to depravity c be imag9$4 ,! p]son possess$ ( x delights 9 "s sort ( animality alone2 & if he ev] engages 9 any?+ high] or pur]1 x is = a s9i/] purpose1 t he may return to 8 *os5 indulg5ces 9 m security1 or on a broad] scale4 ,is ! developm5t v l>ge1 & equally s 9 all ! dep>tm5ts ( ! bra91 animal1 moral1 & intellectual1 giv+ to ! head unusual size8 ,! individual possess+ x has a l(ty & p[]ful "*1 is capable ( atta9+ ! highe/ r5[n1 & mak+ an impression1 n to be eras$1 on ! age & c\ntry 9 :i* he lives4 ,8 c>e] may be occasionally /a9$ by irregul>ities & *eck]$ ) cl\ds1 b w be brilliant 9 ! ma94 ,8 designs are va/1 because he feels 8 p[]1 ! in/rum5ts ) :i* he works are m51 & he wields !m 9 masses4 ,! t]m little has no place 9 8 vocabul>y1 nor its prototype 9 8 ?\ghts4 ,8 aim is greatness ( "s k9d--high a*ievem5t or deep cata/rophe4 #c4 ,! ?oracic4 ,"u ?is v>iety ! head is small1 usually r\nd1 & cov]$ ) ?ick curl+ hair1 ! abdom5 ( limit$ dim5sions1 ! *e/ spaci\s & p[]ful1 & ! muscles swell+ & firm4 ,:e!r fair & ruddy or o!rwise1 ! complexion is /rong4 ,respiration is full & deep1 & ! action ( ! he>t regul> & vigor\s2 & ! pulse has great volume4 ,l ! result1 9 e o!r k9d ( inord9ate vital action1 ! animal temp]ature is high4 ,?is temp]am5t1 9 :i* nei!r feel+ nor intellect prevails1 beg9s to %[ itself ab\t pub]ty1 & cont9ues until ! decl9e ( life1 :5 x und]goes a *ange4 ,! ,f>nesian ,h]cules is ! beau ideal ( x4 ,?is %[s t x 0 kn[n to ! anci5t ,greeks1 :o 7 probably indebt$ = _! acqua9tance ) x to obs]vations made on ! p]sons ( _! wre/l]s4 ,9 mod]n times x is /rongly develop$ 9 box]s & port]s1 & suffici5tly s 9 bak]s1 wood-*opp]s1 op]ative agriculturi/s1 & o!rs :o h be5 habituat$ to labor f _! boyhood4 ,i h obs]v$ no little ( x among ! ,london boatm51 ! occupation ( ^: life is to ply ! o>1 a mode ( ex]cise well calculat$ to develop ! *e/1 toge!r ) ! muscles ( ! upp] extremities4 ,i h se5 good specim5s ( x also 9 ! ,african race4 #d4 ,! abdom9al4 ,?is temp]am5t is easily recognis$ by ! "* x imp>ts to ! p]son & intellect4 ,! pelvis is broad 9 proportion to ! %\ld]s & ?orax1 ! abdom5 l>ge & prom95t1 & ! adipose matt] abundant1 fill+ up ! int]/ices ( ! muscles1 & (t5 =m+ a lay] betwe5 !m & ! sk91 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! limbs are r\nd & smoo? & s(t to ! t\*4 ,9 su* con/itutions1 ec*ymosis succe$s ) unusual read9ess1 to slight contusions4 ,circulation 9 ! sk9 be+ feeble1 ! complexion may be fair & delicate1 b nev] v ruddy or /rong4 ,! size ( ! head is limit$1 ! intellectual mod]ate1 ! eye defici5t 9 lu/re & ! c\nt5ance 9 expression1 & ! movem5ts heavy & seldom graceful4 ,! abdom9al visc]a seem to draw ev]y?+ into ! vortex ( _! action4 ,! am\nt ( vitality is evid5tly bel[ its common measure 9 ! human sy/em1 &1 9 "s in/ances1 ! fle% seems to hang z a load on ! _s4 #e4 ,! encephalo-?oracic4 ,?is temp]am5t is a type ( p[] bo? bodily & m5tal4 ,its comp\nd "n expresses fully ! ext]nal appe>ances t m>k x1 z well z ! attributes t always accompany !m4 ,) an abdom5 ( mod]ate dim5sions1 ! head ( ! individual :o possesses x is l>ge & vigor\s to conceive & direct1 & 8 *e/ & muscles p[]ful to execute1 & h>dy to endure4 ,x is ! temp]am5t ( mascul9e & compreh5sive ?\ght & /rong prop5sity1 unit$ to en]getic action1 r ?an ( seclusion & pr(\nd m$itation4 ,z 9 all o!r cases1 ! "* is v>i$ 9 x accord+ to ! portion ( ! bra9 t is mo/ l>gely develop$4 ,he to :om x belongs feels himself 9 8 prop] sph]e :5 he is among m51 & is well fitt$ to act 8 "p 9 times ( tumult & sc5es ( difficulty4 ,is 8 bra9 l>ge 9 ea* ( its comp>tm5ts8 ,if an occasion pres5t itself1 he n only m+les 9 ! moral /orm1 b aspires to direct x4 ,9 case ( 8 becom+ a w>rior1 8 g5ius & sword are alike =midable4 ,9 battle1 previ\sly to ! inv5tion ( fire-arms1 su* a man 0 ! t]ror ( 8 enemies & ! hope ( 8 fri5ds4 ,ulysses1 z sket*$ by ,hom]1 is z fairly ! beau ideal ( ?is temp]am5t1 z ,h]cules is ( ! ?oracic4 ,t *iefta9 0 alike wise to c\nsel1 intrepid to d>e1 & p[]ful to p]=m4 ,plato1 s call$ f ! uncommon bread? ( 8 *e/1 :o _h also a v l>ge head1 is ano!r excell5t model ( ! same4 ,ev5 9 times ( peace ! corporeal attributes ( a man ( ?is description add to 8 influ5ce4 ,jupit]1 ! emblem ( wisdom & p[]1 z repres5t$ by ! anci5t /atu>ies1 ) an imm5se head & trunk1 & arms ( mat*less /r5g?1 is z f9i%$ a specim5 ( ! encephalo-?oracic temp]am5t1 z ,apollo is ( ! mix$4 #f4 ,! encephalo-abdom9al4 ,"h aga9 ! "n bespeaks suffici5tly ! developm5t1 =m1 & "* ( ^? :o possess ! temp]am5t4 ,! head & abdom5 are comp>atively l>ge1 ! ?orax small1 & ! %\ld]s n>r[4 ,h5ce ! s5sibility is ke51 & ! intellect1 if n p[]ful1 active & respectable4 ,= ! reasons giv51 :5 ! abdom9al temp]am5t 0 consid]$1 ! limbs & p]son1 "u ! pres5t "o1 are r\nd & smoo?1 & ! fle% is s(t2 b1 ow+ to ! influ5ce ( a well-develop$ bra91 & n]ves t correspond to x1 ! movem5ts are sprightly & ! air graceful4 ,?\gh r>ely p[]ful1 ! "* is attractive4 ,?is is ! temp]am5t ( *ildhood & woman1 mu* m ?an ( adult life & man4 ,f9e g5ius1 b elegant & playful1 r ?an /rong & brilliant1 is (t5 connect$ ) x4 ,x is females1 9 :om ! encephalic developm5t is l>g] ?an usual1 t possess m9ds truly mascul9e4 #g4 ,! ?oracico-abdom9al4 ,9 ?is temp]am5t ! head is comp>atively small1 & ! ?orax & abdom5 l>ge1 ) a correspond+ size ( ! muscles & bones1 & mu* adipose sub/ance4 ,x is ! temp]am5t ( m]e animal /r5g? & pati5t endurance1 )\t any ( ! elevat$1 sprightly1 or attractive qualities ( human nature4 ,x =ms good labor]s & fatigue-m51 b is entirely unfit = ^? ^: prov9ce is to m$itate1 plan1 & direct4 ,x comports well en\gh ) ! "* ( soldi]s ( a c]ta9 description1 b is altoge!r out ( h>mony ) t ( an (fic]4 ,x is1 ,i ?9k1 m favorable to heal? ?an any ( ! o!r temp]am5ts1 except p]haps ! mix$4 ,if ^? :o possess x h weak intellects1 _! passions are usually mod]ate1 & r>ely hurry !m into p]nici\s excesses4 ,! t5or ( _! lives is b little int]rupt$ by ei!r irregul>ity or disease4 ,h5ce !y reta9 _! vigor uncommonly well1 & are (t5 day-labor]s & indu/ri\s husb&m5 at an advanc$ age4 ,true1 _! appetite = food is /rong2 b !y are n prone to an excessive indulg5ce ( x2 ,i mean at a s+le meal4 ,l ^? possess$ ( ! abdom9al temp]am5t1 !y eat (t5 r ?an sup]abundantly at once4 ,besides1 su* is ! /r5g? ( _! *ylopoetic visc]a1 t !y subdue & dige/ )\t su/a9+ any injury1 z mu* food z w\ld produce disease 9 ^? ( diff]5t con/itutions4 ,nor are !y s mu* endang]$ by vascul> fulness z p]sons ( ! simple abdom9al temp]am5t4 ,! reason ( ?is is pla94 ,_! bloodvessels are l>g]1 & _! excretions m copi\s1 especially ^? by ! sk9 & ! organ ( respiration4 ,f ! w>m? ( _! con/itutions1 ow+ to an abundance ( well-art]ializ$ blood1 & a concomitant vigor\s circulation1 !y p]spire freely1 & secrete & exhale copi\sly f ! lungs4 ,?is temp]am5t is r>ely f\nd among wom51 & is n v common among m54 ,dr4 ,c4 ma9ta9s t at c]ta9 p]iods ( life1 "o temp]am5t passes into ano!r1 z ! result ( ! natural *anges :i* take place1 9 ! progress ( ! gr[? & decay ( ! human body2 & t e "o1 :o atta9s longevity1 p>takes1 9 ! progress ( gr[? & decl9e1 ( five temp]am5ts2 ! purely abdom9al1 :i* prevails be=e bir?2 ! encephalo-abdom9al1 :i* exi/s at bir?1 & = "s ye>s aft]w>d2 ! encephalo-?oracic2 ! mix$2 & ! abdom9al ( real s5ility4 ,?us passes ! circle ( life1 beg9n+ ) ! abdom9al temp]am5t ( ! foetal /ate1 & t]m9at+ 9 t ( extreme old age4 ,t !re is an intimate connexion betwe5 temp]am5t & p]sonal beauty1 w be manife/ f ! above view ( ! subject4 ,our limits1 h[ev]1 =bid an application ( ,dr4 ,caldwell's views 9 illu/ration ( ,mr4 ,walk]'s !ory2 ^!1 h[ev]1 h be5 giv5 s mu* 9 detail1 t ! read] w be able to make ! application = himself4 ,g4 ,!re is h>dly any habit relat+ to female dress m de/ructive ( grace & beauty1 at lea/ ( deportm5t1 ?an t ( compress+ ! foot 9 a %oe ( "o half ! prop] size4 ,x w\ld seem t our ladies 7 try+ to ape ! fa%ion ( ! ,*9ese1 9 ?is respect1 & ?\gh !y d n at pres5t c>ry x to ! same ext5t1 yet !y c>ry x suffici5tly f> to de/roy _! com=t4 ,we look 9 va9 = ! sprightly1 light1 & ela/ic /ep1 :]e ! feet are b\nd tight1 & cramp$ up 9 disproportionately tight %oes2 & x w\ld be /range 9 su* a case1 if we did n f9d an unhappy & di/ress$ expression ( c\nt5ance--! muscles ( ! face sympa?iz+ ) ! di/ort$ & pa9ful feet4 ,su* a cu/om1 also1 int]f]es mat]ially ) tak+ t measure ( ex]cise :i* is necess>y to heal?4 ,mrs4 ,walk]1 9 h] "w on ,female ,beauty1 rem>ks z foll[s3 ,ladies are v apt to torture _! feet to make !m appe> small4 ,?is is exce$+ly ridicul\s3 a v small foot is a de=mity4 ,true beauty ( ea* "p consi/s 9 ! proportion x be>s to ! re/ ( ! body4 ,a tight or ill-made %oe1 n only de/roys ! %ape ( ! foot1 x produces corns & bunions2 & x t5ds to imp$e ! circulation ( ! blood4 ,besides1 ! foot !n swells1 & appe>s l>g] ?an x is1 & ! ankles become ?ick & clumsy4 ,! p]nici\s effect ( tight or ill-made %oes1 is evid5t also 9 ! /iff & tott]+ gait ( ^! victims ( a fooli% prejudice2 !y c nei!r /& upright1 walk /raight1 nor ent] a room prop]ly4 ,to be too %ort1 is "o ( ! greate/ defects a %oe c h2 because x takes away all *ance ( yield+ 9 t direction1 & )\t (f]+ any comp5sation = tightness 9 o!rs1 & 9 itself1 x n only causes pa91 & spoils ! %ape ( ! foot1 by turn+ d[n ! toes1 & swell+ ( ! in/ep1 b is ! cause ( bad gait & c>riage4 ,_m diseases arise solely f ! use ( %oes ( v ?9 mat]ials 9 wet wea!r2 b no female :o has ! slighte/ reg>d = h] heal?1 or inde$ = ! pres]vation ( h] beauty1 w object to we> %oes ?ick] ?an are usually worn1 if ! pavem5t is at any "t wet or damp4 ,h4 ,! effect ( alcoholic dr9ks ^u beauty1 has n be5 ov]-e/imat$ by ,mr4 ,walk]1 ?\gh he is d\btless mi/ak5 9 suppos+ t none b ^? :o reside amid ! artificial cu/oms ( city life1 exp]i5ce ! delet]i\s influ5ce ( su* bev]ages4 ,n only alcoholic /imulants1 b tea & c(fee1 & especially opium1 :i* has ( late come into v ext5sive use z a sub/itute = ! =m]1 t5d to produce an unheal?y action ( ! sk91 f _! influ5ce ^u ! sec]5t sy/em1 caus+ blot*es1 pimples1 & discolorations1 9 a great] or less degree4 ,:]e us$ mod]ately1 !y produce ei!r an unnatural pal5ess1 deadness1 or dusk9ess ( complexion1 or a bloat$ appe>ance1 f> remov$ f ! fre% roseate hue ( heal?4 ,su* is ! effect ( w9e1 cordials1 & malt liquors1 :i* are ext5sively employ$ by ladies1 p>ticul>ly 9 cities1 dur+ ! p]iod ( nurs+1 "u a mi/ak5 impression t !y cause a great] fl[ ( milk1 & t5d to invigorate ! sy/em4 ,:oev] desires to atta9 heal?1 /r5g?1 & beauty1 %\ld n seek !m ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( bitt]s1 tonics1 & cordials1 or di/ill$1 or f]m5t$ liquors1 :i* only inflame ! blood1 b f free ex]cise 9 ! op5 air1 regul> occupations1 tranquillity ( m9d1 a mild diet1 & a prop] allotm5t ( "t = sleep4 ,x has be5 rem>k$ t ! l[] classes ( females 9 cities1 consume z mu*1 & probably m intoxicat+ dr9ks1 ?an m5 ( ! same class1 & ?is is no d\bt true4 ,b to ! honor ( our c\ntrywom51 a great *ange has be5 br\ght ab\t )9 la/ few ye>s1 ) respect to ! use ( alcoholic liquors1 n only 9 ?is1 b 9 o!r c\ntries1 ) a correspond+ improvem5t 9 heal?1 happ9ess1 & beauty4 ,9 advanc+ ?is bless$ re=m1 ! ladies h borne a conspicu\s "p--z !y h 9 e o!r philan?ropic "w--& _! comb9$ influ5ce is only ne$$1 to bani% su* dr9ks entirely f civiliz$ society4 ,,! ,,facial ,,l9e ,,( ,,camp]4 ,9 ord] to det]m9e ! c]ebral mass1 &1 consequ5tly1 ! intellectual faculties1 ,camp] draws a base l9e f ! roots ( ! upp] incisors1 to ! ext]nal auditory passage2 !n ano!r /raight l9e1 f ! upp] incisors to ! mo/ elevat$ po9t ( ! =ehead3 accord+ to him1 ! intellectual faculties ( ! man or animal1 are 9 direct proportion to ! magnitude ( ! angle1 made by ^? two l9es4 ,lavat]1 ) ?is idea = a basis1 con/ruct$ a scale ( p]fection f ! frog to ! ,apollo ,belvid]e4 ,z nature really furni%es _m pro(s 9 support ( ?is op9ion1 x has be5 g5]ally receiv$1 ev5 by anatomi/s & physiologi/s2 &1 not)/&+ ! argum5ts by :i* x is victori\sly oppos$1 ! le>n$ _c resolve to ab&on x4 ,cuvi] himself furni%es a li/ ( m5 & animals1 9 support ( ?is doctr9e2 few naturali/s oppose x1 b almo/ all give x _! support4#fa ,camp]'s attempt necess>ily fail$2 = 8 mann] ( draw+ ! l9es & measur+ ! facial angle1 enabl$ him to take into consid]ation ! ant]ior p>ts only ( ! bra9 situat$ ne> ! =ehead3 he entirely neglects ! po/]ior1 lat]al1 & inf]ior c]ebral p>ts4 ,?is me?od1 !n1 at mo/1 c\ld decide ^u ^? faculties only1 ^: organs are plac$ ne> ! =ehead4 ,cuvi] e/imates ! facial angle ( ! new-born infant at n9ety degrees2 t ( ! adult1 at eighty-five2 t ( decrepit old age1 at fifty4 ,f ?is /atem5t x appe>s1 t1 at diff]5t ages1 *anges take place 9 ! =m1 ei!r ( ! bra9 or ! cranium2 h]eaft] ,i %all prove t su* *anges really occur4 ,! =ehead ( ! newborn infant is flatt5$2 on ! contr>y1 t ( a *ild "s mon?s old1 & until ! age ( eight or t5 ye>s1 especially 9 ! case ( boys possess$ ( sup]ior tal5ts1 x is project+1 & =ms1 not)/&+ ! approximation to ! age ( pub]ty1 a l>g] facial angle ?an 9 ! adult2 ?is angle1 !re=e1 does n dim9i% 9 ! inv]se ratio ( ! age4 ,9 l mann] we f9d decrepit old m51 ^: facial angle is z great z x 0 9 ! vigor ( manhood2 =1 al?\gh 9 decrepitude ! bra9 is subject to atrophy1 !re are old m51 ! ext]ior cont\r ( ^: crania und]goes no *ange4 ,! angle1 z /at$ by ,cuvi]1 = diff]5t ages1 7 measur$ ^u diff]5t individuals2 if x 7 e/imat$ ^u ! same p]sons at diff]5t epo*s ( 8 life1 ! result w\ld be entirely diff]5t4 ,9 g5]al1 ! proportion betwe5 ! =ehead & ! face1 is diff]5t 9 diff]5t individuals4 ,no conclusion c be drawn f ! proportions1 :i* exi/ 9 "o p]son1 relative to ^? ( ano!r2 among a hundr$ individuals ( ! same sex & age1 no two c be f\nd1 9 :om ! same proportion exi/s betwe5 ! =ehead & ! face2 x necess>ily foll[s1 !n1 t no two w h ! same facial angle4 ,physiologi/s seem to admit1 t ! proportion betwe5 ! bra9 & ! bones ( ! face1 is diff]5t 9 diff]5t species ( animals3 b !y appe> to ?9k t1 9 all ! individuals ( ! same species1 all ! "y1 all ! adults1 all ! old1 !re exi/s a con/ant proportion betwe5 ! c]ebral mass & ! face4 ,! rese>*es ( ,blum5ba* %[ t ?reef\r?s ( ! animals kn[n1 h ne>ly ! same facial angle2 & yet :at a disp>ity betwe5 _! in/9cts & faculties6 ,:at in=mation1 !n1 d we d]ive f ,camp]'s facial angle8 ,moreov]1 z ,cuvi] himself obs]ves1 ! c]ebral mass is by no means plac$ 9 all animals1 imm$iately beh9d or b5ea? :at is call$ ! =ehead4 ,9 a great _m species ( animals1 on ! contr>y1 ! ext]nal table ( ! frontal is at a consid]able di/ance f ! int]nal1 & ?is di/ance increases ) ! age ( ! animal4 ,! bra9 ( ! sw9e is plac$ an in* l[] ?an ! frontal bones seem to indicate2 t ( ! ox1 9 "s p>ts ?ree in*es2 t ( ! elephant1 f six to ?irte54 ,9 o!r animals1 ! measurem5t is g5]ally comm5c$ at ! frontal s9us in/ead ( ! c]ebrum4 ,f ^! consid]ations1 ,cuvi] 0 induc$ to draw a tang5t to ! int]nal in/ead ( ! ext]nal surface ( ! cranium4 ,! c]ebrum ( ! wolf & _m species ( dogs1 especially :5 ! individuals are v old1 is plac$ directly beh9d ! frontal s9uses4 ,9 ! wolf1 especially ! l>ge & mo/ f]oci\s v>iety1 x is depress$ z 9 ! hy5a2 9 ! dog x is situat$ high] or l[]1 accord+ to ! species2 b1 not)/&+ ?is diff]5ce 9 ! situation ( ! bra91 ! facial angle1 z x is commonly measur$1 mu/ be ! same2 f ?is ! inf]5ce w\ld be1 t ! dog1 ! wolf1 & ! hy5a1 h ! same qualities1 & ea* 9 ! same degree4 ,9 ! great] "p ( ! rod5tia1 ! morse1 c41 ! bra9 is s depress$ & s plac$ beh9d ! frontal s9uses1 t ! facial l9e _c be drawn4 ,! facial l9e ( ! cetacea1 on acc\nt ( ! s+ul> con=mation ( ! head1 w\ld lead to results absolutely false4 ,i "k _m negroes1 :o1 ) v prom95t jaws1 are q di/+ui%$ = _! intellectual faculties2 yet ! projection ( ! jaws r5d]s ! facial angle mu* m acute1 ?an x w\ld be ) ! usual con=mation ( ,europeans4 ,9 ord] t ! same angle %\ld exi/ 9 a ,european1 ! =ehead mu/ be flatt5$ & retreat+4 ,b ! =eheads ( ! negroes 9 "q1 on ! contr>y1 are v project+4 ,:o1 "u ^! circum/ances1 w\ld expect to f9d ! same am\nt ( intellect correspond+ to ! same facial angle8 ,! facial l9e _c be appli$ to birds1 z _m naturali/s h already obs]v$4 ,f :at has be5 said1 we %\ld expect t naturali/s w\ld at l5g? r5\nce ! facial angle ( ,camp]2 b ! mo/ ignorant are g5]ally ! mo/ conceit$4 ,9 spite ( ?is complete refutation ( ,camp]'s facial l9e1 ,delpit extols x 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3-- ,if ev] a relation ( ?is k9d pres5t$ *>act]s ( g5]ality & fix$ness1 adequate to excite a reasonable confid5ce 9 matt]s belong+ to ! doma9 ( empiricism1 r ?an t ( sci5ce1 x is ! relation or proportion ( magnitude1 :i* ,camp] fir/ p]ceiv$ & reveal$1 by comp>+ ! bra9 ( man ) t ( ! diff]5t species ( animals4 ,we "h see a successive decrease ( intellig5ce1 proportionate to ! acut5ess ( ! facial angle & ! consequ5t dim9ution ( ! c]ebral cavity4 ,?is af=ds a con/ant & fix$ relation4 ,x c be appreciat$ ) a suffici5t degree ( exactness by ! direct light ( comp>ative anatomy1 & by obs]vation ( ! habits & intellig5ce ( ! diff]5t classes ( animals2 x c also be v]ifi$ by ! comp>ison ( m5 v unequally end[$ ) intellectual faculties1 9 :om ! contraction ( ! c]ebral cavity & ! magnitude ( ! facial angle exhibit ! mo/ rem>kable div]sities4 ,"h ! physiognomical sign has1 if ,i may be all[$ ! expression1 a wide ext5t ( acceptation2 x re/s ^u a broad basis1 ^u a def9ite division1 & "o ( easy compreh5sion & v]ification2 =1 if !re is "s discrepancy ( op9ion1 9 reg>d to ! numb] & nom5clature ( ! faculties ( ! m9d1 ! s5tim5ts ( ! s\l1 ! modifications or %ades ( "* :i* give bir? to p>ticul> passions1 moral dispositions1 habits1 :e!r virtu\s or vici\s2 if ^! classifications are1 9 a great measure1 arbitr>y1 & ! language us$ some:at vague2 if1 9 %ort1 ! great] "p ( ^! nom9al faculties are m]e ab/ractions ( ! m9d1 purely imag9>y exi/5ces1 & !re=e _c be actually locat$ 9 any "p ( ! bra92 ! case is q diff]5t1 :5 we m]ely seek to e/abli% a g5]al relation betwe5 a con/ant sign manife/$ 9 ! organization1 & ! degree ( reason1 m9d1 or intellect1 attribut$ to diff]5t m51 or ! degrees ( sagacity attribut$ to diff]5t species ( animals4 ,"h1 no "o is at a loss1 because !re is ample latitude = comp>+ & judg+2 9 ! sy/em ( ,gall1 on ! contr>y1 ! comp>isons re/ ^u m9ute po9ts1 :i* are subject to discussion1 exceptions1 a ?\s& unc]ta9ties 9 ! signs & v>i\s applications4#fb ,if ! read] w review :at ,i h said aga9/ ,camp]'s facial l9e1 he w f9d a refutation ( all ?is reason+ ( ,delpit2 a pro( t he def5ds x m]ely because x is 9 vogue4 ,x is ?is v g5]ality & fix$ness1 :i* r5d] x1 9 almo/ all cases1 inapplicable2 ?is is ! inh]5t defect 9 ! suppos$ importance ( ,camp]'s facial angle4 ,x is implicitly suppos$1 t no diff]5ce b t ( degree1 exi/s betwe5 ! capacities ( ! diff]5t species & individuals ( ! human race1 & ! diff]5t species & individuals ( ! animal k+dom4 ,?us ! intellig5ce ( m5 & o!r animals w\ld always be proportion$ to ! magnitude ( ! facial angle4 ,?is be+ premis$1 ,i ask1 :i*1 out ( two1 ?ree1 f\r1 c41 has ! mo/ intellig5ce1 ! dog1 ape1 beav]1 ! ant1 or ! bee8 ,ants & bees live 9 an admirable republic1 & =m a/oni%+ con/ructions1 :i* !y "k h[ to modify accord+ to circum/ances4 ,! beav] & p5dul9e build ) equally m>vell\s skill1 & ) a =esight :i* seldom errs2 ! dog & ! ape h v little =esight1 & are incapable ( ! mo/ insignificant con/ruction4 ,:i* has ! great] intellig5ce1 ,voltaire or ,desc>tes8 ,c\ld ! =m] h be5 a ma!matician & ! latt] a poet8 ,:i* has ! high] degree ( intellect1 ,moz>t or ,less+1 :o1 ) all 8 g5ius1 dete/$ music8 ,9 %ort1 :i* has ! mo/ intellig5ce1 my dog :o retraces 8 /eps ?r\gh ! mo/ complicat$ r\tes1 or myself1 :o am always go+ a/ray8 ,measure n[ ! facial angle ( ! ant1 bee1 beav]1 p5dul9e1 ape1 my dog1 & ( myself1 & e/imate ! result4 ,ackn[l$ge1 !n1 t y\r division1 s def9ite1 s easy to be appreh5d$1 is absolutely useless1 & t y are oblig$ to adv]t to div]s in/9cts1 prop5sities1 faculties1 & _! diff]5t degrees ( en]gy1 to :i* y\r facial angle is :olly inapplicable4 ,y\r intellig5ce1 in/9ct1 address1 are 9 reality m]e ab/ractions1 imag9>y exi/5ces4 ,d y consid] ! prop5sity to procreation1 ! love ( (fspr+1 ! c>nivor\s in/9ct1 ! tal5t = music1 poetry1 c41 z imag9>y exi/5ces8 ,y see1 !n1 t x is m conv5i5t to tread ! beat5 pa?1 ?an to v]ify obs]vations4--,gall on ! ,functions ( ! ,bra91 page #aie4 ,footnotes3 #a ,utopia1 ,book ,,ii41 *ap4 viii4 #b ,i d n wi% to be =c$ into any discussion ( ?is la/ po9t4 ,b1 if necess>y1 ,i %all n decl9e x4 #c ,we fe> t ,mr4 ,walk]'s analogical reason+ "h is n v conclusive4 ,to reason f a liv+ to a dead subject may be v logical b x is n altoge!r satisfactory4 #d ,! ,magaz9e ( ,! ,f9e ,arts1 ,no4 ,,vi1 = ,octob] #ahcc4 #e ,i am n "h call$ ^u to v9dicate ! errors & absurdities :i* poets & o!rs introduc$ into my?ology4 #f ,app5dix ,a4 #g ,george ,,iv41 ?\gh ! fir/ g5tleman 9 ,engl&1 0 guilty ( *eat+ at a hors]ace4--,,ed4 #h ,! above rem>k is true ( ! same class ( females 9 ?is c\ntry4--,,ed4 #i ,app5dix ,b4 #aj ,app5dix ,c4 #aa ,to ! read] unaccu/om$ to inquiries ( ?is k9d1 x may save tr\ble to p]use fir/ ! brief ,summ>y ( ! cont5ts ( ?is important *apt]1 beg9n+ 9 page #abj4 #ab ,regul>ity expresses ! simil>ity ( p>ts consid]$ z con/itut+ a :ole2 & uni=mity1 ! simil>ity ( p>ts consid]$ sep>ately4 #ac ,app5dix ,d #ad ,! common "* ( ^! arts has be5 ov]look$4 #ae ,proportion is "h employ$1 n z express+ an intr9sic relation1 z 9 ! beauty ( inanimate be+s1 b z express+ an extr9sic relation to fitness = ends4 #af ,! ,n]v\s ,sy/em1 ,anatomical & ,physiological3 9 :i* ! ,functions ( ! v>i\s ,p>ts ( ! ,bra9 are1 = ! fir/ "t1 assign$4 #ag ,communicat$ by ! writ] to ! ,magaz9e ( ! ,f9e ,arts1 ,no4 #aa1 = ,june1 #ahcc4 #ah ,human ,nature1 *ap1 ix41 sec4 #ac4 #ai ,reflexions ,critiques sur la ,poesie et sur la ,pe9ture4 #bj ,reflexions sur la ,poetique4 #ba ,adv5tur]1 ,no4 #aaj4 #bb ,essay on ,trag$y4 #bc ,to "s x may appe>1 t ! organs & functions ( dige/ion1 respiration1 & g5]ation1 are n involv$ by ?is arrangem5t2 b su* a notion c orig9ate only 9 sup]ficial obs]vation4 ,dige/ion is a comp\nd function easily r$ucible to "s ( ! simple ones :i* h be5 enum]at$4 ,x consi/s ( ! motion ( ! /oma* & contigu\s p>ts1 ( ! secretion ( a liquid f its int]nal surface1 & ( t heat1 :i* is ! common result ( all action1 :e!r me*anical1 vital1 or m5tal1 & :i* is bett] expla9$ by su* motion1 ?an by *ymical !ories4 ,simil>ly comp\nd are respiration & g5]ation4 ,?us1 !re is no organ nor function :i* is n involv$ by ! simple & natural arrangem5t "h sket*$4 ,comp\nd1 h[ev]1 z ! organs ( dige/ion1 respiration1 & g5]ation1 are1 yet1 z !y =m s important a "p ( ! sy/em1 x may be ask$1 ) :i* ( ^! classes !y are mo/ alli$4 ,! answ] is obvi\s4 ,all ( !m consi/ ( tubul> vessels ( v>i\s diamet]2 & all ( !m transmit & transmute liquids4 ,possess+ su* /rong *>act]i/ics ( ! nutritive or vital sy/em1 !y are evid5tly mo/ alli$ to x4 ,9 %ort1 dige/ion prep>es ! nutritive or vital matt]1 :i* is tak5 up by absorption--! fir/ ( ! simple nutritive functions2 respiration r5ovates x 9 ! v middle ( its c\rse--betwe5 ! two portions ( ! simple function ( circulation2 & g5]ation1 dep5dant on secretion--! la/ ( ^! functions1 communicates ?is nutritive matt]1 or propagates vitality to a new s]ies ( be+s4 ,9 su* arrangem5t1 ! dige/ive organs1 !re=e1 prec$e1 & ! g5]ative foll[1 ! simple nutritive organs2 :ile ! respiratory occupy a middle place betwe5 ! v5\s & ! art]ial circulation4 ,no?+ c be m improp]1 z ! prec$+ obs]vations %[1 ?an consid]+ any "o ( ^! z a di/9ct class4 ,m fully1 !re=e1 to enum]ate ! nutritive or vital organs1 we may say1 t1 "u !m1 are class$1 fir/1 ! organs ( dige/ion1 ! ext]nal & int]nal absorb5t surfaces1 & ! vessels :i* absorb f ^! surfaces1 or ! organs ( absorption2 second1 ! he>t1 lungs1 & bloodvessels1 :i* d]ive _! cont5ts 7! blood7 f ! absorb$ lymph1 or ! organs ( circulation2 & ?ird1 ! secret+ cavities1 gl&s1 c41 :i* sep>ate v>i\s matt]s f ! blood1 or ! organs ( secretion1 & ( :i* g5]ation is ! sequel4 #bd ,app5dix ,e4 #be ,9 p]fect consi/5cy ) ! ass]tion1 t1 ?\gh ! organs ( dige/ion1 respiration1 & g5]ation1 7 really comp\nd1 /ill !y 7 *iefly nutritive or vital1 & prop]ly belong$ to t class1 x is n less rem>kable1 t1 9 ?is division ( ! body1 !y are f\nd to occupy t "p1 ! trunk1 9 :i* ! *ief simple nutritive organs are conta9$4 ,?is also %[s ! impropriety ( reckon+ any ( ^! a sep>ate sy/em f ! vital4 #bf ,! bones resemble ^!1 9 conta9+ ! greate/ quantity ( e>?y m9]al matt]4 #bg ,x is ! possession ( vessels :i* con/itutes ! vitality ( vegetables4 #bh ,9 animals1 alone1 is n]v\s matt] discov]able4 #bi ,plants h no real circulation1 nor passage ( _! nutritive liquids ?r\gh ! same po9t4 #cj ,?is arrangem5t ( anatomy & physiology 0 fir/ publi%$ by me 9 #ahjf2 &1 not)/&+ its be+ ! arrangem5t ( nature1 x has n be5 adopt$ by any "o t ,i "k (1 until v lately1 :5 x 0 9 "s measure us$ by ,dr4 ,roget1 )\t ackn[l$gm5t4 ,! orig9ality1 z well z ! tru? & value1 ( ?is arrangem5t1 w be illu/rat$ by ref]r+ to any o!r publi%$ previ\s to #ahjf1 or ev5 to #ahjh1 :5 ,i republi%$ x 9 ,prelim9>y ,lectures1 ,ed9burgh4 #ca ,! cause ( ?is has nev] be5 expla9$2 & x c\ld n well be expla9$1 )\t a p]ception ( ! views 9 my prec$+ physiological arrangem5t4--,! bra91 at ?is p]iod1 becomes m subs]vi5t to purposes connect$ ) g5]ation2 ! communication betwe5 ! trunk & ! head is m frequ5t1 int5se1 & su/a9$2 & ! neck1 :i* conta9s ! communicat+ organs1 necess>ily increases 9 size4 ,?is unexpla9$ circum/ance l$ to ! mi/ake ( ! craniologi/s respect+ ! c]ebel4 ,"h1 !re=e1 z 9 o!r cases po9t$ out 9 my "w on ,physiognomy1 ,gall & ,spurzheim ascribe to deep]-seat$ organs :at belongs to m sup]ficial ones4 #cb ,app5dix ,f4 #cc ,app5dix ,g4 #cd ,memoire sur le ,beau ,physique4 #ce ,a curi\s b true rem>k is made by ,moreau1 namely1 t if ^! conditions are met ) )\t be+ unit$ to a c]ta9 expression1 & to ! mo/ complete comb9ation ( ! elem5ts ( beauty ( c\nt5ance1 !y frequ5tly give an air ( ins5sibility & ( m5tal weakness1 :i* greatly enfeebles ! impression t a fir/ view _h caus$4 #cf ,/ati/ical results 9 relation to ! supply ( hospitals & prisons1 c>ry ! exp5se ( a man mu* beyond t ( a woman4 #cg ,app5dix ,h4 #ch ,app5dix ,i4 #ci ,see ! causes ( ?is expla9$ 9 my "w on ,physiognomy4 #dj ,pallas--,voyages en ,sib]ie4 #da ,humboldt's ,political ,essay on ! ,k+dom ( ,new ,spa94 #db ,x is rem>kable t1 9 infants1 ! nose is almo/ always flat1 & t1 9 "s memb]s ( ! same family1 x always rema9s s1 :ile1 9 o!rs1 x rises4 ,?is is att5d$ by diff]5ce ( function4 #dc ,physiognomy f\nd$ on ,physiology1 & appli$ to v>i\s ,c\ntries1 ,pr(essions1 & ,individuals3 ) an ,app5dix on ! ,bones at ,hy!--! ,sculls ( ! anci5t ,inhabitants ( ,brita91 & its ,invad]s3 illu/rat$ by ,engrav+s4--,smi?1 ,eld]1 ,co41 ,cornhill4 #dd ,( ! be/ works on ?is subject1 ^? ( ,m5gs alone1 ,i believe1 h be5 translat$2 b ! translation is s inaccurate z to be wor?less4 #de ,?us x is n correct1 z /at$ by ,leon>do1 t :5 "s p>ts are broad or ?ick1 all are broad2 ?\gh1 9 peculi> comb9ations1 t may occur4 #df ,lib4 ,,ii4 9 ,timum ,platonis4 #dg ,?is memb] ( ! ,royal ,academy 0 suspect$ ( hav+ writt5 t republics _h done m = ! advancem5t ( ! f9e arts ?an mon>*ies4 ,! late ,george ,,iii41 :o did n approve ( tru?s ( t k9d1 0 !reby s mu* enrag$1 t he in/antly s5t = ! li/ ( ! memb]s ( ! academy1 & !refrom eras$ ! "n ( ,b>ry4 ,! academicians humbly submitt$ to ! indignity :i* h]$it>y wisdom ?us inflict$4 ,x w\ld appe>1 h[ev]1 t bad pr9ciples are spread+ among ! ,royal academicians2 = ! works ( ?is expell$ memb] are n[ d>+ly giv5 by !m z a prize to /ud5ts at ! academy6 #dh ,?is rule is well expla9$1 & v>i\sly illu/rat$ by ,donald ,walk]1 9 8 "w1 equally philosophical1 in/ructive1 & amus+1 entitl$ ,ex]cises = ,ladies1 a k ( :i*1 & ! practice ( its pr9ciples1 w\ld r5d] beauty1 & especially beauty ( ! %\ld]s & arms1 f> m common 9 e family4 #di ,x 0 at ! extremity ( ! mod]n ,cape ,crio1 anci5tly ,triopium1 a promontory ( ,doris1 a prov9ce ( ,c>ia1 t 0 built ! celebrat$ city ( ,cnidos4 ,"h ,v5us 0 wor%ipp$3 "h 0 se5 ?is /atue ( t goddess1 ! mo/ beautiful ( ! works ( ,praxiteles4 ,a temple1 f> f spaci\s1 & op5 on all sides1 conta9$ x1 )\t conceal+ x f view2 &1 9 :atev] po9t ( view x 0 exam9$1 x excit$ equal admiration4 ,no drap]y veil$ its *>ms2 & s uncommon 0 its beauty1 t x inflam$ ) a viol5t passion ano!r ,pygmalion4 #ej ,! phr5ologi/s h told u t ! head ( ?is ,v5us is too small4 ,!y might z well h said1 t ! head ( ! ,m9]va1 or ( ! ,jupit]1 is too l>ge1 or a hundr$ o!r ignorant inapplicabilities1 & ridicul\s p$antries4 ,b to set aside ideal =ms1 ,i may obs]ve1 t sex makes a va/ diff]5ce 9 ! head1 & a woman ) a small head (t5 produces a son ) a l>ge "o4 #ea ,?is is beautiful1 b is evid5tly borr[$ f ! great philosophical poet's ,te1 ,dea1 te fugiunt v5tei1 te nubila coeli1 ,adv5tumque tuum4 #eb ,t1 9 plants1 ^! odors are ev5 necess>y to _! reproduction1 is prov$ by _! uni=m exi/5ce at t p]iod4 ,& if be+ affect$ by odors implies a s5se ( smell1 or "s modification ( x1 !n mu/ plants possess x4 #ec ,9 all grossly s5sual nations & individuals1 ! lips are ev]t$ ev5 at ! angles4 #ed ,see ?is expla9$ 9 ,physiognomy4 #ee ,v5]e suol t5]e alquanto ap]te le labbra1 come p] indic>e un languido desid]io ed amore4--,/oria delle ,arti4 #ef ,9 ! ,cupid1 ! =m ( ! head is godlike4 ,! hair n only curls ) all ! vigor ( e>ly ye>s1 b1 ) p]fect k ( nature's t5d5cy1 is b5t into a ridge along ! middle ( ! upp] head4 ,! br[1 full1 op51 & *>m+ly r\nd$1 is ! evid5t ?rone ( "y obs]vation1 & x fl[s ) su* beauty into ! p>ts beh9d1 z if x actually said its purpose 0 to fl+ its obs]vations back on ?\ght & w4 ,its beg9n+s at ! eyebr[s display exquisite k3 ! bony ridge is admirably %[n to be yet un=m$2 & :ile its out] extremity =ms b ! orbital convexity1 or %ell = ! globe ( ! eye1 ! inn] extremity ( ! eyebr[ is ) inf9ite art drawn ov] s(t & holl[ space1 z if ! few hairs t compos$ x made !re its only convexity4 ,9 %ort1 9 e "p ( ! face1 f9e & fa9t z is e y\?ful feature1 no detail is lo/2 & ?is1 add$ to ! po9t$ *9 & upp] lip1 decl>e ! purpose ( ! little god4 #eg ,app5dix ,k4 #eh ,i speak n ( pa9t "h4 ,x is n[ us$ only by m]etrici\s p]sons & by ^? h>ridans ( high] rank :o resemble !m 9 e respect1 except t ! =m] are a%am$ ( _! pr(ession1 & ! latt] adv]tise x4 #ei ,combe's ,phr5ology4 #fj ,physiologie des ,temp]am5s on ,con/itutions4 ,p>is1 #ahbf4 #fa ,?is doctr9e is reviv$1 ,dict4 des ,sci5ces m$4 ,delpit & ,reydellet4 #fb ,dictionnaire des ,sci5ces ,md4 t4 xxxviii4 p4 #bfc4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,passages 9 italics are indicat$ by italics4 ,! mispr9t & & has be5 correct$ to &4 ,footnote #f appe>s on page #cd2 h[ev]1 x has no correspond+ m>k]4