,,canadian ,,eclipse ,,p>ty             
#ahfi4                         ,,!      
,,proce$+s                          ,,( 
,,!                   ,,canadian        
,,eclipse ,,p>ty                        
#ahfi4                         ,,by     
,,comm&] ,,a%e4               ,director 
,obs]vatory1 ,quebec4                   
,quebec3      ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,middleton  
,,dawson1 ,,at ,,! ,,gazette            
,,g5]al ,,pr9t+ ,,e/abli%m5t4           
#ahgj4                              ,,! 
,,canadian ,,eclipse ,,p>ty             
#ahfi4                          ,be=e   
giv+ an acc\nt ( my proce$+s 9 ref]5ce  
to ! eclipse1 ,i ?9k x only "r1 9 ju/ice
 to our p>ty1 to /ate t ! arrangem5ts 7 
made v ha/ily1 z x 0 n until ! la/ mom5t
 t w\ld admit ( my rea*+ ! /ation       
allott$ to me by ! ,am]ican a/ronom]s1  
viz41 ,jeff]son ,city1 t ,i 0 in=m$ t   
#djj _h be5 appropriat$ = ! purpose (   
tak+ my telescope to ,i[a4  ,! p>ty     
consi/$ ( ,mr4 ,d\glas1 ,mr4 ,falcon]1 &
 myself4  ,z we _h only ?ree days to get

 ready1 !re 0 mu* to be done1 dism\nt+ !
 telescope & mak+ cases = ! sev]al p>ts1
 & c>efully pack+ photographic mat]ials4
 ,in/ead ( ! /one support = telescope   
7eight in*es ap]ture & #i feet focus7 ,i
 _h "o made ( wood1 b z ! c5tre (       
gravity 0 rais$ s high by us+ wood1 ,i  
_h to take great c>e 9 ! =mation ( !    
base2 h[ev]1 ! /ability 0 excell5t4 ,our
 arrangem5ts 7 all complete by ! #bf? ( 
,july1 & we />t$ t ev5+ by ! ,montreal  
boat4  ,= ! b5efit ( ^? :o may und]take 
an exp$ition ( a simil> k9d1 x may be   
well to m5tion a few incid5ts t occurr$ 
dur+ our j\rney1 :i*1 al?\gh trifl+ 9   
!mselves1 may prove useful to future    
eclipse p>ties4 ,i may m5tion t two ( ! 
cases1 conta9+ p>ts ( ! telescope1 7    
direct$ ,eclipse ,expidition1 ) ?ree i's
 9 ,exp$ition4 ,?is 0 po9t$ out to me at
 ,montreal1 b ! mi/ake is excusable1 =  
evid5tly ! m eyes we h 9 an a/ronomical 
exp$ition ! bett]4 ,) reg>d to orig9al  
spell+1 ,i w relate ! foll[+ anecdote1  
:i* w\ld h suit$ ,artemus ,w>d4  ,!     

boatswa9 ( a man-(-w> has to keep a r\gh
 exp5se book ( ! diff]5t /ores t he     
uses1 & ?is is *eck$ by ! ma/]1 :o on "o
 occasion s5t = ,mr4 ,p>ks1 & :5 lie    
came1 he said3 ,oh1 ,mr4 ,p>ks1 y h     
exp5d$ too mu* rope = ^? 'jib guys2' x w
 surely be f\nd fault )2 y _h bett]     
r$uce ! quantity2 & on h&+ him ! book1  
he said3 ,by ! bye1 b-l-o-x is n ! way  
to spell blocks4 ,! boatswa9 took ! book
 v sulkily2 & aft] he _h tak5 two /eps  
t[>ds ! door1 he turn$ r\nd1 & said     
,well1 sir1 if b-l-o-x don't spell      
blocks1 :at d x spell8  ,we />t$ on our 
j\rney by ! ev5+ tra94 ,:5 we arriv$ at 
,port ,huron our fir/ difficulty        
occurr$2 ! ,cu/om-,h\se (fic]s w\ld n   
pass our baggage1 al?\gh we po9t$ out ! 
great importance ( our p>ty1 & also1 t !
 moon w\ld n wait an in/ant = u4 ,!y did
 n see x2 s our baggage 0 lock$ up = !  
night4 ,we took rooms at a small inn1 & 
!n ,mr4 ,d\glas & ,i w5t by rail to     
,huron1 to see ! head ( ! ,cu/oms4 ,aft]
 go+ up two flights ( /airs1 we 7 %ewn  

into a room :i* two g5tlem5 occupi$4 ,! 
*ief 0 smok+1 ) ! *air re/+ on its two  
h9d legs & 8 re/+ on ! table4 ,we told  
our /ory1 & %ew$ him a c]tificate f !   
,am]ican ,consul at ,quebec4 ,he look$ v
 h>d at me1 took ! cig> out ( 8 m\?1    
wrote a pass :i* he h&$ to me1 & !n     
resum$ 8 cig> & =m] position4 ,we began 
to ?ank him1 b z he hid himself 9 smoke1
 we retreat$ d[n /airs4  ,i nev] 0 m    
/ruck ) ! k9dness ( our ,am]ican c\s9s  
?an ,i 0 dur+ ?is trip4 ,on all         
occasions1 !y did all 9 _! p[] to       
promote our conv5i5ce4 ,9 ! morn+ we _h 
"t to see ,mr4 ,muir1 ! director ( !    
railway1 :o k9dly gave u a free passage 
ov] 8 l9e1 a k9dness t 0 %ewn to u by   
all ! directors ( ! diff]5t l9es t we   
travell$ on4 ,i may rem>k t ! cases ) ! 
heavi] p>ts ( ! telescope 7 brok51 & ,i 
mu* fe>$ t ! in/rum5ts w\ld be s]i\sly  
damag$4 ,mr4 ,muir v k9dly _h outside   
cases put on1 & ,i c>ri$ ! mo/ valuable 
"p 7! object glass7 9 my h&4 ,aft] we   
left ,*icago1 & be=e go+ to b$1 we left 

^w to be call$ be=e cross+ !            
,mississippi4 ,x is n fair to judge (   
sc5]y f a view tak5 ?r\gh ! w9d[ ( a    
railway c>1 b ,i mu/ say t ,i 0         
disappo9t$1--%all[1 sluggi%1 & muddy2 b 
!n ,i ought to rememb] t ,i live on !   
banks ( "o ( ! f9e/ & mo/ beautiful     
riv]s 9 ! _w4  ,9 ! morn+ we 7 on !     
prairie1 :i* is n s flat z ,i _h expect$
 to see x1 b x is a beautiful undulat+  
c\ntry1 & if !re 7 trees ^u x no?+ m    
c\ld be desir$4 ,x 0 expla9$ to me by a 
g5tleman :o 0 travell+ ) u1 ! reason :y 
trees d n gr[ on ?is beautiful l&4 ,x   
appe>s t on ! ea/]n bank ( all riv]s &  
/reams only d trees gr[2 n[ )\t ent]+   
into ! cause ( ! prairies cat*+ fire1 ,i
 w only say t 9 ,septemb]1 :5 ! long    
grass is q dry1 !y d cat* fire1 & !n    
burn until x is /opp$ by a riv]1 & z x  
always burns to w9dw>d1 & z ! w9d       
g5]ally bl[s 9 "o direction1 we h a     
solution :y ! trees only gr[ on "o side 
( a riv]2 & once ! primeval =e/ is      
remov$1 x nev] has a *ance ( gr[+ aga91 

z ! "y trees are sure to be burnt1 & !  
beautiful black soil ( ! prairie is     
enri*$ by ! deposit ( burnt grass4  ,at 
"o /ation :]e we /opp$ to wat] our      
eng9e1 ,i saw two *ildr5 ( ! soil2 !y h 
good reason to compla9 at _! lot4 ,!    
buffalo & antelope driv5 away1 & if !y  
are hungry !y are told to g & dig2 dig1 
h[ c !y dig8 let u rev]se ! picture4    
,suppose t our cities & t[ns 7 by !     
,indians turn$ into a prairie1 & :5 we 7
 hungry !y told u to g away & cat* a    
buffalo1 a pretty h& ,i %\ld make (     
cat*+ a buffalo4 ,! soon] ! poor fell[s 
are %ot d[n or kill$ by small-pox1 !    
soon] !y w g to _! happy hunt+ gr\nds4  
,z ! ,norway rat kills all o!r rats t x 
meets1 s ! savage mu/ disappe>1 & !     
,nor!rn races ( ,europe w ext]m9ate !m4 
,!re is "o exception1 ! ,african negro1 
& no matt] :at y d to him he ?rives "u !
 treatm5t2 :e!r free or 9 slav]y he     
multiplies & is happy4 ,/range t rum :i*
 kills ! ,indian1 only makes him fat4   
,b ! k+ ( savages--! ,new ,zeal&]--has !

 faire/ isl&1 9 ! mo/ favor$ clime1 tak5
 f him1 & civilization =c$ ^u him4  ,!re
 is no gett+ away f ?is civilization n[4
 ,b ,i am ?ankful to say t ,i 0 at ,san 
,francisco be=e x arriv$ !re4 ,:5 out   
%oot+ ,i saw ! fre% foot-pr9ts ( a      
grizzly be>1 & did n "k h[ f> ! g5tleman
 might h be5 f me at t mom5t4 ,n[1 ,i   
%\ld l to "k h[ f> y w\ld h to travel1 &
 h[ mu* y w\ld h to sp5d1 be=e y c\ld   
exp]i5ce ! same delightful s5sation4  ,i
 h se5 real ,indians ) real b[s & arr[s1
 9 ,vanc\v]'s ,isl&2 & ! place :]e ,i !n
 saw !m1 n[ has become ! head-qu>t]s ( !
 ,pacific squadron2 & ! ,indians1 in/ead
 ( flatt5+ _! heads1 no d\bt h put on ! 
,grecian b5d4 ,:]e is all ?is to /op8   
,x 0 po9t$ out to me t mo/ ( !          
telegraph-po/s 7 /ruck by lightn+2 no   
wond]2 = t k+ ( natural =ces1 t = s _m  
?\s&s ( ye>s has reign$ supreme-splitt+ 
! granite rock1 & %iv]+ ! mighty oak at 
8 w--n[ to be br\ght into exi/5ce at ! w
 ( an apo!c>y boy1 plac$ 9 two cups &   
lock$ up 9 a cupbo>d1 & !n made travel  

day & night1 ov] hill & dale1 & "u ! va/
 ocean1 to c>ry messages at ! bidd+ (   
man1--no wond]1 ,i say1 t he %\ld try & 
knock ! :ole conc]n into a cock$ hat6   
,boonsboro6 tw5ty m9utes = d9n]66 ,n[1  
!n1 we %all h some?+ 9 keep+ ) !        
prairie1--,i suppose a de] roa/$ on a   
/ake4 ,no?+ ( ! sort4 ,i w5t into a nice
 d9+-room2 saw a quantity ( pretty      
girls1 or r "y ladies1 ) %ort sleeves & 
l[ dresses4 ,s\p1 sir6 *ick51 sir6 peas1
 sir6 ,! /ation at ,rugby is no?+ to x4 
,aft] tw5ty m9utes ( capital fe$+1 we   
he>d1 all abo>d6 all abo>d6 & z we left1
 ! fa!r ( ^! "y ladies 0 /&+ at ! door1 
& oblig$ u by tak+ half-a-doll>1 a great
 improvem5t on ! ,engli% sy/em1 :]e1 on 
ask+ ! wait] = y\r bill1 he asks3 ,:at  
'ave y 'ad8 & beg9s to add accord+ly4 ,!
 next /ation 0 ,jeff]son1 #a1cih miles f
 ,quebec4 ,"h ! boxes 7 aga9 ?r[n out1 &
 ! tra9 left = ,san ,francisco4 ,! boxes
 7 left at ! /ation1 & we drove up to ! 
hotel1 ab\t half-a-mile f ! /ation4 ,z  
?is 0 ,saturday1 ,july #ca/1 we _h      

exactly a week to select a site & to    
build an obs]vatory-m\nt ! telescope &  
take prelim9>y obs]vations4 ,! ,am]ican 
p>ties 7 sev]al weeks at _! /ation be=e 
! day ( ! eclipse1 & f\nd x n too long  
to prep>e4  ,jeff]son city is ?ree ye>s 
old1 has ab\t eight ?\s& inhabitants1 & 
looks a ?riv+ place4 ,! next day1 aft]  
*ur*1 ,mr4 ,d\glas & ,i rode across !   
prairie to a /ation situat$ ab\t eight  
miles on ! railway f ,jeff]son4 ,z x 0  
ne>] to ! c5tral l9e ( eclipse1 we want$
 to see if x w\ld d = ! site ( our      
obs]vatory4  ,i =got to m5tion t ! day  
be=e ,i left ,quebec1 9 pull+ (f my boot
 ,i broke ! t5don ( ! plant>is muscle1  
:i* made me q lame4 ,h[ev]1 ! six days' 
comp>ative re/ made x mu* bett]1 b /ill 
x 0 f> f well4  ,we />t$ = our ride     
across ! prairie ab\t two o'clock1 &    
rea*$ ! /ation 9 ab\t an h\r & a-half4  
,we cross$ sev]al /reams & "s m>%y      
gr\nd1 & />t$ sev]al prairie *ick5s4    
,aft] exam9+ ! place1 & f9d+ t x w\ld be
 v inconv5i5t to get ! mat]ial !re1 we  

?\ght t x w\ld be bett] to rema9 at     
,jeff]son1 & we m\nt$ to return4 ,aft]  
we _h left "s "t1 & z ,i 0 suff]+ f my  
leg1 & c\ld n ride fa/1 ,i p]suad$ ,mr4 
,d\glas to ride on1 & get back be=e     
sunset to keep an appo9tm5t ) a c>p5t]1 
& n to m9d me1 z ,i c\ld ride sl[ly     
back4 ,he v reluctantly did s1 & :5 ,i 0
 left alone1 ,i felt q at home1 /e]+ my 
horse across ! b\ndless prairie by !    
sett+ sun4 ,n[1 my horse _h cross$ _m   
/reams1 & s(t wet places 9 go+ out1 s ,i
 took x = grant$ t he knew m ab\t !     
prairie ?an ,i did1 & w\ld n all[ me to 
get into difficulties1 & consequ5tly    
/e]$ a /raight c\rse = t po9t ( !       
compass 9 ! direction ( ,jeff]son4 ,!   
sun _h j t\*$ ! horizon4 ,i 0 cross+ "s 
m>%y gr\nd ) re$s up to my %\ld]s1 :5 ,i
 saw my horse's no/rils di/5d$1 & 8 e>s 
=w>d4 ,i imm$iately put my helm d[n &   
br\ght him r\nd1 & j z ,i _h done s1 d[n
 he sank2 ,i f\nd myself up to my ankles
 9 mud1 & up to ! calf ( ! leg 9 wat]2 !
 horse 0 fix$ immovable1 no /ruggl+1 b  

snort+ & dreadfully fright5$4 ,i h be5 9
 v>i\s situations ( difficulty2 b :5 ,i 
look$ up & saw ! tall re$s f> above my  
head1 & ! sun sett+1 ,i mu/ confess t ,i
 ?\ght my case a s]i\s "o4 ,i rememb]$ !
 fate ( a "y ,fr5* (fic] ( ! comb9$     
fleet t 0 at an*or at ! entrance to !   
,d>danelles1 :o w5t on %ore to %oot1 & z
 he did n return t night1 we l&$ 9 !    
morn+ to look = him1 & n f> f ! %ip1 we 
f\nd him 9 a bog up to 8 wai/1 8 gun a  
few feet 9 front ( him1 & he q dead4 ,i 
knew t if a man once gets up to 8 wai/1 
x w\ld be impossible to extricate       
himself2 h[ev]1 :5 ,i dism\nt$ ,i sank  
up to my knees1 & al?\gh t 0 n ! place  
to philosophize1 /ill ,i did s1 & ,i    
began to ?9k :at is ! reason t a man 9  
/ruggl+ works himself d[n1 & ,i         
imm$iately discov]$ t on rais+ ! heel ,i
 produc$ a vacuum1 z ! mud prev5ts ei!r 
wat] or air gett+ und]nea? ! foot1 & s )
 #ae lbs4 to ! squ>e in*1 9 addition to 
y\r weight y soon disappe>4 ,t be+ !    
case1 ,i did n attempt to raise ! foot1 

b mov$ x backw>ds & =w>ds 9 a horizontal
 position until ,i made ! hole s big1 t 
wat] got "u ! foot1 :5 ,i c\ld lift x up
 ) ! greate/ ease4 ,aft] extricat+      
myself ,i tore d[n "s re$s & made a     
plat=m r\nd my horse1 !n ,i patt$ 8     
neck1 & spoke good-natur$ly to him1 & !n
 w5t a/]n1 & by means ( 8 tail work$ him
 backw>ds & =w>ds ) a roll+ k9d ( motion
 to let ! wat] well r\nd 8 feet1 & la/ly
 w5t ahead1 pass$ ! bridle ov] 8 neck1 &
 sat d[n ) x 9 my h&s "r ahead4 ,n[1 !n1
 old boy1 up %e rises1 ! horse began to 
/ruggle1 ,i kept ! head-rope taut1 & he 
0 free+ himself bravely4 ,if ,i let g ! 
bridle too soon1 he w\ld g back2 if ,i  
held on too long1 he w\ld be ^u me1 & n 
only kill me b bury me1 s at ! critical 
mom5t ,i let g1 & roll$ ov] & ov] among/
 ! re$s1 & ! horse fl\nd]$ pa/ me4 ,:5  
,i got on my feet no horse 0 to be se51 
b only ! tops ( ! re$s mov+ z he 0 mak+ 
8 way out4 ,i ?\ght ,i _h n improv$ my  
situation mu*1 = ) my leg ,i c\ld n walk
 a mile1 &1 ( c\rse1 ! horse _h %ap$ 8  

c\rse = ! /able4 ,h[ev]1 :5 ,i em]g$ f !
 re$s1 ,i saw ! de> old fell[ /&+ z /ill
 z if he 7 9 8 /able4 ,b n[ came ano!r  
difficulty ) my lame leg1 ,i c\ld n put 
a foot into ! /irrup1 p]haps he might h 
be5 9 a circus & taught to lay d[n1 s ,i
 began kick+ 8 =elegs & lift+ up "o & !n
 ! o!r--b no--he _h no idea ( x3 !n ,i  
?\ght ,i w\ld la% 8 feet toge!r ) !     
bridle & ?r[ him d[n1 b !re might be "s 
difficulty 9 my rema9+ on 8 back :5 he  
fl\nd]$ to get up1 well1 if ! wor/ comes
 to ! wor/1 ,i w la% myself to 8 tail & 
make him t[ me home2 b an idea /ruck me1
 ,i l5g!n$ ! ne> /irrup to ab\t a foot &
 a-half ( ! gr\nd1 & !n l5g!n$ ! o!r &  
br\ght x ov] on ! same side1 & "h ,i _h 
a nice little ladd] to walk up :i* ,i   
did1 & !n knelt on ! saddle & dropp$    
into my seat4 ,i c\ld n help %ak+ h&s ) 
myself1 & patt+ my /e$ on ! neck1 ,i !n 
comm5c$ my j\rney home1 :i* ,i rea*$ j  
be=e d>k4  ,photograph3 ,,view ,,(      
,,jeff]son ,,city1 ,,i[a1 ,,f           
,,obs]vatory4  ,we _h agre$ to erect !  

obs]vatory ab\t half a mile f ! /ation1 
on a ris+ "p ( ! prairie2 c>p5t]s 7     
engag$1 & an arrangem5t made ) a lumb]  
m]*ant1 :o w\ld supply :at ,i want$ &   
take x back :5 ,i _h done ) x1 only *>g+
 u = ! damage done to ! /uff4 ,e>ly on  
,monday morn+1 ! in/rum5ts 7 c>t$ out & 
unpack$2 & at sunset ! f\r walls ( !    
obs]vatory 7 up4 ,n[1 z we ?\ght x n    
advisable to leave all ^! ?+s op5 on !  
prairie1 x 0 agre$ t "s "o %\ld sleep   
!re--&1 ( c\rse1 x 0 my duty to rema94  
,!y s5t d[n a mattrass1 pill[1 &        
blanket2 !re 0 no wood to build a l>ge  
fire outside1 b ,i collect$ "s *ips1 &  
lit a small fire inside1 & plac$ my     
mattrass alongside4 ,a little aft]      
sunset a musquito look$ ov] ! wall1 & !n
 s\nd$ ! assembly2 on !y came1 & ,i ) my
 head 9 ! smoke kept bl[+ ! fire1 putt+ 
on wet grass to make a smoke2 b1 aft]   
half an h\r at ?is "w1 ,i f\nd out !    
fact t man 0 n int5d$ = a pair ( bell[s1
 & al?\gh ,i assi/$ ! action by         
compress+ my sides ) my h&s1 /ill at !  

end ( ! half h\r t ,i blew ,i f\nd t ,i 
0 bl[n4 ,:5 once my head 0 out ( !      
smoke1 ! musquitoes flew at me2 ,i /ood 
up to fight !m1 b 9 s do+ ,i _h to fight
 myself also4 ,n[ an army 0 drawn up 9  
contigu\s columns on my *eeks1 !        
skirmi%]s advanc+ ?r\gh my eye-br[s2 at 
_! fir/ volley ,i felt z if ,i 0 /ruck )
 a hackle4 ,i really ?9k t !y "w _! /+s 
l ! ne$le ( a sew+ ma*9e4 ,madd5$1 ,i   
/ruck myself a fe>ful bl[ ) bo? h&s 9 ! 
face1 & _h ! satisfaction ( mak+ !m     
leave t1 & s ,i f\ght myself & !        
musquitoes = "s "t3 /ill !y attack$ me )
 an impetuosity truly m>vell\s1 & :]e "o
 fell two took 8 place4 ,i 0 gett+ weak2
 a /orm+ p>ty _h n[ tak5 possession ( my
 "r e>2 ,i cl5*$ my fi/1 & ) a sw++ bl[1
 cle>$ ! e>1 b knock$ myself d[n4       
,exhau/$ & worn out1 ,i put my h&s into 
my pockets1 & gave !m my head4 ,9 t     
half-dreamy /ate1 ! long1 long h\rs 7   
pass$2 & aft] !y _h breakfa/$1 d9$ &    
supp$1 !y began to discuss me4 ,ah1 said
 "o1 if y want a good dr9k1 /rike betwe5

 ! corn] ( ! eye & ! nose4 ,no1 no1 said
 a l>ge p>ty2 if y want a draught ( good
 sp>kl+ a/ronom]1 s9k y\r pump 9 8      
temple4 ,y are wrong1 said a dissipat$  
old fell[ ) fray$ w+s2 j creep up 8     
cuff1 & h>poon 8 wri/1 & !re y w dr9k   
until y lift y\rself (f y\r legs4 ,!n !y
 sung ! foll[+                          
,,song4       ,! blood ( ! ,indian is   
d>k & flat1      ,& t ( ! buffalo h>d to
 come at      ,b ! blood ( ! a/ronom] is
 cle> & bright3      ,we w dance & we'll
 dr9k ! live-long night4   ,*orus3-,h[  
jolly we are ) flights s airy2          
,happy is ! mosquito t dwells on !      
prairie4  ,& !n !y qu>rell$ & f\ght )   
ea* o!r1 & made spee*es1--& s ! dre>y   
h\rs dragg$ along2 b :5 ! ea/]n horizon 
0 t9t$ ) beams ( light1 !y /agg]$ (f to 
_! respective m>%es-"s to die (         
apoplexy1 o!rs ( delirium trem5s4       
,v]dict--s]v$ !m "r4 ,f dawn until six1 
,i _h a refre%+ sleep1 & :5 my relief   
came1 ,i awoke up1 & began to ?9k :e!r  
,i _h he>d all ?is1 or only dreamt x4 ,i

 suppose ,i dreamt x4  ,! "w n[ made    
rapid progress3 doors ) locks1 d>k room 
settl$1 plat=m = telescope support      
firmly laid4 ,! next day1 began to m\nt 
! telescope1 b :5 we came to screw 9 !  
object-glass1 we f\nd out t ! brass seat
 9 ! tube _h be5 press$ into an oval4   
,:at 0 to be done8 ,no "o 9 ,jeff]son t 
knew any?+ ab\t x2 too late to s5d x    
any:]e2 "h 0 a great break-d[n4 ,h[ev]1 
a ,mr4 ,kelly said he w\ld try2 & aft]  
"s h\rs' h>d "w1 he got ! object-glass  
screw$ home1 b c\ld n be unscrew$2 s !  
flats t hold ! bolts t secure !         
object-glass to ! telescope c\ld n be   
put on1 b we secur$ x z well z we c\ld4 
,x is important to m5tion t be=e arriv+ 
at ,jeff]son1 we made ! acqua9tance ( a 
,mr4 ,vail1 f ,philadelphia1 :o 0 go+ to
 ,des ,mo9es to obs]ve ! eclipse1 & z ,i
 _h a #db-;in* telescope by ,doll&1 )\t 
an obs]v]1 ,i ask$ him to jo9 our p>ty &
 obs]ve ! eclipse ) x1 :i* he k9dly     
cons5t$ to d2 & 8 report is ( ! v       
greate/ consequ5ce1 z x confirms1 9 a   

mo/ /rik+ mann]1 ! details t are se5 9 !
 negatives4  ,by ,friday night1 all     
prep>ations 7 made1 & we retir$ to re/ )
 great d\bts ab\t hav+ a f9e day4       
,photograph3 ,,cle> ,,= ,,action4       
,h[ev]1 ,saturday came at la/1 & ! morn+
 0 hazy & ov]ca/2 b ab\t eight1 ! cl\ds 
began to break & ,mr4 ,vail & ,i took "s
 obs]vations = "t4 ,! aft]noon 0        
cl\dless2 b /ill a haze ne> ! horizon4  
,at half-pa/ ?ree1 we ,beat to qu>t]s4  
,mr4 ,d\glas %ut himself up 9 ! d>k     
room2 ,i took *>ge ( ! telescope2 ,mr4  
,/anton1 ) a light clo?1 cov]$ & uncov]$
 ! object glass2 ,mr4 ,vail _h 8        
telescope nicely adju/$2 & ,mr4 ,falcon]
 0 seat$ 9 a v good position to obs]ve !
 d>k %ad[ cross+ ! c\ntry1 & to note any
 o!r ph5om5a4 ,at #c;h4 #chm4 #djs41    
local mean "t1 ! fir/ contact took      
place1 & ! fir/ photogram tak51 %ew+ a  
slight ind5tation on ! sun's limb4 ,we  
took ! p>tial eclipse ) an eye-piece1   
giv+ a #c-;in* picture b z x 0 hazy1 ,i 
remov$ x be=e totality1 & took !        

photograms 9 ! pr9cipal focus4  ,i may  
rem>k t no "o c\ld h _h a bett] view ( !
 eclipse ?an ,i _h4 ,z ,i /ood 9 re> ( !
 telescope1 ,i _h only to c\nt ! d\ble  
beats ( ! p5dulum ( ! ,driv+ ,clock1 :i*
 ,i did )\t tak+ my eyes (f ! moon4  ,i 
expos$ ! plates ( totality = t5 seconds1
 !n )drew ! hold]1 & h&$ x to ,mr4      
,d\glas4 ,we took sev]al photograms ( ! 
p>tial eclipse be=e totality1 f\r dur+  
totality1 & two aft]2 b ! wea!r _h      
become s hazy1 imm$iately aft] ! sun    
made its appe>ance1 t we c\ld h>dly get 
a picture4 ,z all ! reports are publi%$1
 x only rema9s = ! ,jeff]son p>ty to    
give !irs1 & ! eclipse ( #ahfi c be     
fully discuss$4 ,!re are "o or two po9ts
 t ! negatives ( our p>ty w ?r[ a light 
^u4  ,) reg>d to ! bright b& on ! sun1  
bord]+ ! moon1 9 ! pictures ( ! p>tial  
eclipse1 x is well kn[n t1 !re is no?+  
surr\nd+ ! moon t c\ld produce t effect2
 & also1 t ! photograms tak5 at         
,burl+ton1 %ew1 beyond a d\bt1 t x is no
 optical illusion4 ,dr4 ,curtis has     

sugge/$ t x is caus$ by diffraction2    
/ill1 ,i v mu* d\bt if diffraction c\ld 
produce su* a uni=m d>k broad b&1 s well
 def9$1 z is se5 9 ^? photograms4 ,"o ( 
! photograms ( ! p>tial eclipse t we    
took be=e totality1 %ews ! cusps & edge 
( ! moon to be d\ble1 giv+ ! appe>ance (
 a b& surr\nd+ ! moon4 ,?is is caus$ by 
! reflection ( ! moon f ! second or     
und]side ( ! glass1 :i* happ5s :5 ! sun 
is n 9 ! c5tre ( ! field2 & by hold+ !  
negative ( a p>tial eclipse s t ! light 
w fall obliquely on x1 y w see a d>k b& 
surr\nd+ ! moon's limb1 f ! same cause4 
,,bailey',s ,,beads4  ,9 ! eclipse (    
#ahfj1 ,i _h ! honor ( be+ atta*$ to !  
,am]ican ,exp$ition t w5t to ! coa/ (   
,labrador4 ,pr(essor ,alex&]1 ,dr4 ,f4  
,a4 ,b>n>d & myself1 :o 7 obs]v+ )      
telescopes1 all exclaim$ at ! same "t1  
,bailey's ,beads6 ,x is v true1 t at    
,otumwa a picture at ! la/ in/ant1 j    
be=e totality1 0 tak51 %ew+ ! sun's edge
 cut by ! peaks ( ! lun> m\nta9s into   
irregul> spots2 b ^! 7 n ! ,bailey      

,beads t ,i saw 9 ,labrador1 & ,i am    
confid5t t nei!r ,pr(essor ,alex&] nor  
,dr4 ,b>n>d w accept t solution4 ,9 !   
report ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,s4 ,gilman1 junr41 :o
 obs]v$ ! eclipse at ,si\x city1 ,mr4   
,f>rel gives a description & draw+ (    
,bailey's ,beads2 & :at he saw 9 #ahfi1 
,i saw 9 #ahfj1 ! film ( light brok5    
into rectangul> pieces1 :i* appe>$ to   
swim along ! edge ( ! moon l drops (    
wat]4  ,a cr[d _h foll[$ u f ! t[n1 &   
took a position ne> ! obs]vatory1 z1 no 
d\bt1 !y ?\ght t we w\ld select ! be/   
place = obs]v+ ! eclipse4  ,on ! la/    
glimpse ( day-light vani%+1 ! cr[d nev] 
fail to give expression to _! feel+s ) a
 noise t is unlike any?+ else t ,i h ev]
 he>d4 ,x is n l ! noise t a cr[d makes 
on see+ a lovely rocket bur/1 or t :i*  
!y make on see+ "s acrobat p]=m a       
wond]ful feat4 ,no2 !re is an expression
 ( t]ror 9 x4 ,x is n a %\t2 x is a     
moan4  ,be=e giv+ a description ( !     
photograms ( ! ,total ,eclipse1 x w be  
necess>y to refute "s op9ions t h       

gratuit\sly be5 giv5 respect+ !m4 ,aft] 
,i _h c>efully exam9$ ! negatives1 &    
made draw+s1 ,i _h ! draw+s & !         
negatives comp>$ by ,mr4 ,langton1 :o   
express$ 8 op9ion t !y 7 fai?ful copies2
 & :5 ,i f\nd t x w\ld be _m mon?s be=e 
,i c\ld get funds to pr9t my ,report1 x 
0 agre$ ^u1 aft] consult+ "s fri5ds1 t !
 negatives ( totality %\ld be s5t to    
,engl&4 ,un=tunately1 ,i select$ ,mr4   
,de la ,rue z ! fitte/ p]son to exam9e  
!m4 ,he nev] ackn[l$g$ ! receipt ( !m1  
&1 aft] _m mon?s1 ,mr4 ,falcon]1 :o _h  
return$ to ,engl&1 s5t me a copy ( a    
lett] to him1 f ,mr4 ,de la ,rue3       
,,! ,,obs]vatory1 ,,cran=d1 ,,middlesex1
                                        
,dec4 #bg?1 #ahfi4  ,my ,de> ,sir1-,i am
 v sorry to h caus$ any uneas9ess to    
,comm&] ,a%e2 b "o circum/ance & ano!r h
 delay$ my writ+ to him4 ,i h receiv$ 8 
pap]s1 :i* ,i s5t to ! ,a/ronomical1 &  
lat] on1 ! orig9al negatives1 :i* arriv$
 safely1 al?\gh ,comm&] ,a%e _h neglect$
 ! precaution ( protect+ !m ) a cov]+ ( 

glass4 ,!re is evid5ce 9 ^! negatives ( 
! telescope hav+ mov$1 or1 p]haps1      
foll[$ irregul>ly1 dur+ ! exposure ( !  
plates1 & ?is r5d]s ! deal+ ) !         
negatives v difficult2 moreov]1 x       
contradicts ! !ory set =? by ,comm&]    
,a%e 9 respect to a c]ta9 t]race-l      
=mation 9 ! prom95ces1 & also ! rapid   
%oot+ out ( a c]ta9 prom95ce4 ,!        
,am]ican photographs are v mu* m p]fect 
?an ^? s5t by ,comm&] ,a%e2 9 fact1 !y  
leave no?+ to be desir$4 ,to correct !  
defects ( duplication 9 ,comm&] ,a%e's  
photographs1 w\ld entail "s exp5se1 ,i  
und]/& t ,mr4 ,de la ,rue has sp5t #cjj 
p\nds1 9 pat*+ up ,major ,t5nant's      
photograms4 & mu* tr\ble2 & x w\ld be   
necess>y = h9t to re-write 8 pap]4  ,i h
 only return$ to my h\se 7aft] an abs5ce
 ( a ye>7 a few mon?s ago1 & h _h ,major
 ,t5nant's pap] to see ?r\gh ! press2 s 
t my correspond5ce has fall5 greatly    
into arre>s4 ,wi%+ y ! complim5ts ( !   
season1 ,i am1 ) be/ reg>ds1            
,y\rs s9c]ely1                          

,,w>r5 ,,de ,,la ,,rue4   ,alex&] ,pytts
 ,falcon]1 ,esq41             ,ba?4  ,"h
 is a v s]i\s *>ge4 ,i am accus$ ( foi/+
 on ! public a m>vell\s acc\nt ( !      
eclipse1 :i* my own negatives           
contradict2 b ,i %all h no difficulty 9 
%ew+ conclusively t ,mr4 ,de la ,rue has
 made a blund]1 :5 he says t !re is     
evid5ce ( ! telescope hav+ mov$1 or1    
p]haps1 foll[$ irregul>ly4 ,x w\ld h be5
 bett] _h ,mr4 ,de la ,rue produc$ 8    
evid5ce be=e he takes ^u himself to     
ass]t t ! negatives contradict my       
/atem5ts4  ,b ! crimes ,i am *>g$ ) are1
 t on ! #g? ( ,augu/ la/1 "s p]son or   
p]sons did1 accid5tally or malici\sly1  
di/urb ! telescope1 dur+ ! exposure (   
plates ,nos4 ,,iii4 & ,,iv41 & t ! said 
plates mislead1 & are n fai?ful         
repres5tations ( ! ph5om5a se5 & also1 t
 !y contradict ! /atem5ts ( ,comm&]     
,a%e1 ) reg>d to ! rapid %oot+ out ( a  
c]ta9 prom95ce4  ,9 cle>+ myself ( ^!   
heavy *>ges1 ,i %all divide my evid5ce  
into two p>ts-negative & positive4  ,9 !

 fir/ place1 ! telescope 0 firmly plac$ 
^u a plat=m made by ! heavy sleep]s     
borr[$ f ! railway /ation1 & surr\nd$ by
 bo>ds1 z may be se5 9 ! photograms2 &  
,comm&] ,a%e has be5 too long at sea to 
travel #acih miles ) a heavy telescope1 
& !n n to be able to give x /ability4   
,!re 7 f\r p]sons inside ! build+--,mr4 
,falcon]1 seat$ "s di/ance f !          
telescope1 obs]v+ ! g5]al appe>ance ( ! 
eclipse ) ! nak$ eye2 ,mr4 ,/anton ^u a 
plat=m1 ready to uncov] & cov] !        
object-glass ) a light clo?2 ,mr4       
,d\glas 9 ! d>k room1 & myself at !     
telescope1 :i* 0 firmly clamp$ 9        
h\r-angle1 & decl9ation4 ,! p outside 7 
at a di/ance ^u an elevation1 & 7 q     
/ill4 ,! telescope1 if x mov$1 mu/ h    
mov$ 9 h\r-angle1 or decl9ation1 or 9   
bo?2 if x mov$ 9 h\r-angle1 ! endless   
screw mu/ h tripp$ ^u ! driv+-:eel1 :i* 
x c\ld n d )\t mak+ a noise1 :i* w\ld h 
be5 he>d by me4 ,if x mov$ 9 decl9ation1
 ,mr4 ,/anton mu/ h mov$ x 9 uncov]+ !  
object-glass2 b 9 s do+1 he mu/ h giv5 !

 telescope a pretty h>d bl[1 ( :i* he   
mu/ h be5 aw>e4 ,b nei!r ,mr4 ,/anton   
nor myself are aw>e ( any di/urbance ( !
 telescope4 ,!re 0 no w9d1 :i* w\ld only
 h caus$ a vibration1 & giv5 a blurr$   
image4 ,9 exam9+ ,nos4 ,i4 & ,,ii4      
photograms1 ! limb ( ! moon may be      
cle>ly trac$1 & !re is n a %ad[ (       
suspicion ( any relative motion 9 !     
telescope4 ,"h we h pro( t ! driv+ clock
 0 p]=m+ its duty well = ! fir/ half (  
totality2 & no "o w h ! h>dihood to say 
t x alt]$ its rate 9 ! next m9ute &     
a-half4 ,9 look+ at ,no4 ,,iv4          
photogram1 we see t a po9t ( light is   
d\ble4 ,n[1 we w suppose ?is duplication
 0 caus$ by ! telescope receiv+ a sm>t  
bl[2 !n1 by draw+ a l9e ?r\gh ! two     
positions ( ! same object1 we get !     
direction ( ! motion4 ,n[1 look to ! "r 
& we see a protub]ance ) a triplicate   
=m4 ,"h1 !n1 ! telescope mu/ h receiv$  
two bl[s2 & by draw+ a l9e along ! top (
 ! ?ree figures1 we get ! direction ( ! 
motion1 or di/urbance2 & on look+ at !  

diff]5t directions ( ! two motions1 we  
see t ! telescope mov$ two ways at once1
 & also1 t "o "p ( ! plate 0 di/urb$    
once1 :il/ ano!r "p ( ! same plate 0    
di/urb$ twice--:i* is absurd2 & la/ly1  
,mr4 ,vail :o _h n se5 ! photograms :5  
he wrote 8 report1 gives a description (
 c]ta9 l9es & cracks t are to be se5 9 !
 negatives :5 !y are exam9$ by a l5s4   
,h[ is x possible to get ov] ?is8 ,"h1  
an ,am]ican g5tleman sees ) a telescope 
exactly :at is photograph$4 ,b ?is is   
negative te/imony2 ,i w n[ prove1       
conclusively1 giv+ geometrical evid5ce1 
t ,mr4 ,de la ,rue has made an egregi\s 
mis/atem5t4 ,! read] w h x 9 8 p[] to   
corroborate ?is te/imony4 ,place a piece
 ( pap] beh9d ! photograms ,,iii4 &     
,,iv4 7tak5 9 ! pr9cipal focus71 & ) a  
ne$le make holes 9 f\r or five diff]5t  
places1 tak+ c>e n to m>k ! bottom ( a  
protub]ance1 :i* is a not*1 b :]e y c   
see di/9ctly ! limb ( ! moon2 !n remove 
! pap] & f9d ! c5tre ( ?ree holes1 &    
draw a circle ?r\gh !m2 & if x passes   

ov] ! o!r holes1 y h positive pro( t !  
c5tre did n move dur+ ! exposure4 ,n[1  
look at ! li?ograph1 & y w see a circle 
drawn ?r\gh five m>ks made ^u ! limb ( !
 moon ( ,no4 ,,iii41 & ?r\gh f\r m>ks   
made ^u ! limb ( ! moon ( ,no4          
,,iv4--,q4 ,e4 ,d4  ,photograph3 ,,iv4  
,hav+ prov$ t ! v rem>kable photograms  
tak5 at ,jeff]son are correct           
repres5tations ( ! ph5om5a se5 at t     
place1 ,i w proce$ to describe ! details
 ( ! f\r negatives t are to be se5 :5   
exam9$ ) a l5s4  ,! mom5t ! sun         
disappe>$1 out fla%$ ! corona1 :i*      
resembl$ an aurora1 & no d\bt belongs to
 ! sun1 & n to ! moon4 ,no4 ,i4 %ews !  
cont9u\s mass ( r$ matt] ) ! flame-l    
appe>ance ( ! s-call$ ,e> ( corn2 a     
little to ! left are se5 two deta*$ r$  
lumps1 l gl[+ coals2 & und]nea? is se5 !
 slighte/ trace ( a prom95ce t is to    
play a conspicu\s "p 9 ! eclipse4 ,no4  
,,ii41 ! limb ( ! moon1 is se5          
completely r\nd1 & a little m is se5 ( !
 prom95ce und]nea?4 ,n[1 x is "t to     

rem>k t ! flame-l mass 9 ,no4 ,i41 & !  
deta*$ prom95ces 9 ,nos4 ,i4 & ,,ii41   
appe> to cut 9 ^u ! limb ( ! moon4 ,dr4 
,curtis1 aft] try+ sev]al exp]im5ts1 is 
firmly conv9c$ t ?is appe>ance is       
entirely due to a photographic effect1  
by excessive ov]exposure ( ! plates4 ,i 
h to rem>k1 t no?+ 0 m conspicu\s ?an ! 
ind5tations ( ! gl[+ masses ^u ! limb ( 
! moon4 ,rememb] t ^! protub]ances 7 n  
dazzl+ lights1 b c\ld be contemplat$ ) !
 greate/ com=t2 & ! eye is s fa/idi\s1 t
 9 runn+ r\nd ! limb ( ! moon1 x        
imm$iately detects ! sudd5 break 9 !    
circumf]5ce4 ,b ,i h a !ory1 & x is     
dang]\s to tru/ ! eye ( a man ) a !ory1 
)\t good support4 ,directly aft] !      
eclipse1 "s ( ^? outside jo9$ u1 & !    
conv]sation 0 ^u ! extraord9>y %oot+-out
 ( ! prom95ce1 :i* !y 7 all describ+4 ,9
 ! mid/ ( ! conv]sation1 a c>p5t] t\*$  
me on ! arm1 & said3 ,b :at 7 ! not*es  
on ! moon8 ,n[1 ?is is conclusive       
evid5ce1 & w\ld be tak5 9 any c\rt (    
law4 ,rememb]1 ! ^w not*es1 7! language 

( a c>p5t]7 is 8 own1 & no o!r ^w d ,i  
?9k s applicable4 ,i answ]$ t ,i did n  
"k1 & t no?+ puzzl$ me m4 ,on exam9+ !  
negatives ) a l5s1 ,i saw ! limb ( !    
moon di/9ctly ?r\gh ! prom95ce2 & fur!r1
 t ! "p on ! moon 0 a simil> & inv]t$   
figure to ! upp] "p1 & ,i 0 conv9c$ t ! 
not* 0 caus$ by reflection ( !          
protub]ance on ! surface ( ! moon4  ,let
 ,b ,f be ! height ( ! protub]ance1 & ,l
 ,b ! l9e ( sight1 tang5t to ! po9t ,b1 
& let ! l9es ( sight1 bo? direct &      
reflect$1 be consid]$ p>allel to ea*    
o!r2 n[1 ?r\gh ! po9t ,d draw a tang5t1 
& let ! incid5t ray1 ,f ,d1 & ! reflect$
 ray1 ,o ,d1 make equal angles ) x2 !n1 
! ext]ior angle1 ,o ,d ,c1 is equal to !
 angles ,d ,,ac & ,a ,c ,d2 take away ! 
"r angles1 ,d & ,a1 & we h ! rema9+     
angles1 ,o ,d ,e & ,c1 equal2 & ,b ,a 7!
 dep? ( ! not*7 is equal to ! v]s9e ( ! 
angle ( reflection4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig 
#a1 ,fig #b1 ,fig #c  ,9 measur+ !      
enl>g$ photogram1 ,b ,c 0 #a4hg in*es1 &
 ,b ,f1 #j4jg in*es2 & z ,b ,c1 ! moon's

 semi-diamet] on ! #g? ,augu/1 subt5d$  
an angle ( #af'4bi  a4 ,let ,c ,f subt5d
 an angle  y4                           
#a4hg cot4 a     '        ,!n cotan4 y  
-------------  #ag4ed  y4               
#a4id        #af4bi  a4                 
'       ,angle subt5d$ by protub]ance   
#a4be4  ,z ,mr4 ,d\glas _h no "o to help
 him 9 ! d>k room1 !re 0 "s delay 9     
gett+ ,no4 ,,iii4 plate2 b :il/ ,i 0    
wait+ = x1 out %ot an enorm\s flame f ! 
bright po9t be=e m5tion$4 ,x %ot out 9  
ab\t ?ree seconds1 n unlike a jet ( gas 
f a coal 9 ! grate & :5 x rea*$ its     
greate/ height 7ab\t "o-?ird high] ?an t
 se5 9 photogram71 x 0 bl[n (f to !     
left1 j l a flame act$ on by a bl[-pipe1
 & came to a po9t4 ,! "p bl[n (f 0 a    
bright :ite flame4 7,see li?ograph47    
,n[1 z my v]acity1 aft] ,mr4 ,de la     
,rue's lett]1 is d\btful1 & z ?is       
ph5om5on 0 n se5 any :]e else besides   
,jeff]son1 ,i mu/ sub/antiate ! fact1   
,mr4 ,falcon]1 9 8 report to me1 gives a
 draw+ :i* is v simil> to fig4 ,no4 #b2 

he says3 ,x assum$ ! %ape ( a r$-hot    
crook$ b> ( iron2 ?is1 re/+ on ! dazzl+ 
silv]y coronal light1 gave a /range &   
wond]\s addition to ! glori\s sc5e we n[
 beheld4 ,b x 0 se5 by all1 & c be      
atte/$ to by hundr$s4  ,:5 ,no4 ,,iii4  
plate 0 ready1 x _h lo/ ab\t "o-?ird (  
its height1 & its flame-l appe>ance4    
,:5 ,no4 ,,iii1 plate is exam9$ ) a l5s1
 all ! l9es t are %ewn 9 fig4 #c are    
se52 & "h ,i mu/ make an extract f !    
report ( ,mr4 ,vail1 :o 0 obs]v+ !      
eclipse ) an excell5t #db-;in*          
telescope1 by ,doll&1 & :o made 8 report
 long be=e ,i _h exam9$ ! negatives ) a 
l5s4 ,9 speak+ ( ?is protub]ance1 he    
says3 ,its outl9es 7 p]fectly well      
def9$1 & 7 n curves1 b r irregul>ly     
brok5 /raight l9es1 & ?r\gh\t x seem$   
m>k$ by simil> l9es4 ,x rem9d$ me ( !   
appe>ance "o sometimes sees on ! face ( 
a cliff1 :]e ! rock is brok5 by         
horizontal & v]tical l9es4 ,n[1 x is mo/
 evid5t t ,mr4 ,vail saw ) a telescope  
:at ,i photograph$2 & fur!r1 x w\ld be  

impossible to h ^! delicate l9es 9 a    
photogram1 if !re 0 any relative motion4
 ,)\t ent]+ into any discussion ab\t :at
 ! protub]ances are1 or are n1 ,i w only
 say t :5 ! flame burnt out1 ! residium 
0 a c9d]1 & :i* is %ewn 9 photogram ,no4
 ,,iii42 ?is quickly tumbl$ d[n into a  
great heap1 z se5 9 ,no4 ,,iv4  ,b !    
fault ( ! ,canadian p>ty consi/s 9 n    
hav+ photograms simil> to ^? ( !        
,am]ican a/ronom]s1 :i* all m or less   
agree ) ea* o!r4 ,?is is extremely h>d1 
& al?\gh ,i congratulate ^? g5tlem5 on  
_! well e>n$ reputation1 /ill ,i tru/ t 
our photograms1 in/ead ( contradict+ "o 
ano!r1 w be f\nd consi/5t4  ,i believe t
 ,jeff]son ,city 0 ! mo/ we/]ly place   
:]e photograms ( ! eclipse 7 tak51 &    
directly totality f9i%$ ) u1 x comm5c$  
at ,des ,mo9es1 s t ! photograms tak5   
!re mu/ be comp>$ ) ours4  ,!re is a    
g5]al belief t ! protub]ances d n *ange 
_! =m1 at lea/ b sl[ly1 s x is ( great  
consequ5ce to sub/antiate my /atem5t1   
:i* is1 t :il/ wait+ = ,no4 ,,iii4 plate

 ?is protub]ance %ot out1 & :5 ,no4     
,,iii4 photogram 0 tak5 x _h lo/ its    
flamelike appe>ance1 & ab\t "o-?ird its 
height4 ,no ,,iv4 photogram %ews ! great
 prom95ce mu* r$uc$ 9 height & increas$ 
9 bread?1 z if x _h tumbl$ into a heap (
 burn+ matt]4 ,i _c say :e!r all        
prom95ces are =m$ by ! %oot+-out ( a    
flame1 & !n tumbl+ into a heap1 b ,i d  
say t ! great protub]ance 0 =m$ 9 t     
mann]4 ,9 look+ at ! ,des ,mo9es        
photogram1 tak5 ne> ! end ( ! eclipse1  
7,i don't mean ! engrav+17 y see a great
 heap1 n v unlike t se5 9 ,no4 ,,iv42 & 
,dr4 ,curtis rem>ks t !re is ! same     
appe>ance ( va/ volumes ( matt] toss$ up
 into an irregul> heap by ! eject+ =ce1 
& s9k+ back aga94 on all sides 9 long   
v]tical rolls4 ,?is is a v good         
description ( :at actually took place4  
,un=tunately1 ! long exposure (         
sixty-six seconds gives a s(t5$         
appe>ance1 & :at %\ld h appe>$ z a heap 
( c9d]s1 n[ looks l a fluid4            
,photographs3 ,,ii1 ,i1 ,,iv1 ,,iii  ,i 

n[ come to ! mo/ rem>kable photogram t  
has ev] be5 tak5 ( an eclipse4 ,no4     
,,iv4 0 tak5 z ne> ! limb ( ! sun z x is
 possible to take "o1 = on %utt+ d[n !  
slide1 out bur/ ! sun4 ,9 ?is photogram 
y c see two lum9\s conc5tric b&s runn+ f
 ,a to ,e1 sep>at$ by a d>k space1 or r 
a d>k b&1 :i* takes its orig9 on a "p ( 
! protub]ance ,a4 7,see fig4 #c47 ,^!   
b&s are cross$ by num]\s bright rays1   
all p>allel to !mselves & to !          
protub]ances ,a & ,e4 ,!re are two      
bright beams1 & bo?1 toge!r ) ! bright  
rays1 are divid$ by ?is d>k b&4 ,at ,e  
is se5 ! protub]ance ) a triplicate =m1 
& appe>s to be ?ree p>allel planes (    
light2 ^u ! upp] "o !re appe>s a d>k    
l9e1 simil> to ^? se5 ^u fig4 #c4 ,n[1  
on look+ at ! ,des ,mo9es photogram1 y  
actually see ! /umps ( ^! ?ree p>allel  
planes2 c\ld any?+ be m satisfactory8 ,i
 w leave x to o!rs to discuss ^! v>i\s  
ph5om5a1 :i* w ?r[ mu* light on !       
physical con/itution ( ! sun1 b w       
recapitulate "s ( ! facts d$uc$ f our   

obs]vations4 ,! corona belongs to ! sun1
 & n to ! moon4 ,"s ( ! protub]ances are
 =m$ by ! %oot+ ( a flame1 :i* burns    
out1 leav+ some?+ t looks l a c9d]1 :i* 
crumbles into a heap1 & !n reta9s t =m =
 "s "t2 t !re are lum9\s gases t surr\nd
 ! sun 9 conc5tric /rata divid$ by a    
non-lum9\s lay]2 t ! not*es on ! limb ( 
! moon are ! reflections ( ! upp] "p ( !
 protub]ances f ! surface ( ! moon2 t at
 a great di/ance f ! sun !re is a viol5t
 curr5t ( gas 9 an opposite direction to
 ! motion ( ! sun ^u its axis2 t ! light
 b& surr\nd+ ! moon's limb 9 photograms 
( ! p>tial eclipse1 may be caus$ by !   
reflection f ! second or "u side ( !    
plate4  ,9 conclusion1 ,i congratulate  
^? g5tlem5 :o s k9dly assi/$ me on our  
complete success1 especially my de>     
fri5d & old %ip-mate1 ,pr(essor ,/eph5  
,alex&]1 )\t ^: assi/ance no ,canadian  
p>ty w\ld h be5 =m$2 & also1 ,mr4 ,vail1
 ( ,philadelphia1 :o k9dly jo9$ our     
p>ty1 & ^: annex$ report gives su* ample
 pro( ( ! value ( our negatives4        

,e4 ,d4 ,,a%e1                          
,comm&]1 ,royal ,navy1                  
,director ,obs]vatory1 ,quebec4    ,june
 #bbnd1 #ahgj4                          
,,report ,,( ,,mr4 ,,vail4              
,,bo/on1 ,augu/ #ba1 #ahfi4  ,comm&]    
,,a%e1 ,quebec ,obs]vatory4  ,,de>      
,,sir1--,i owe y an apology = n writ+   
e>li]1 & communicat+ my obs]vations on !
 eclipse2 b s9ce ,i p>t$ f y at         
,detroit1 ,i h be5 s con/antly on !     
move1 z to seem to h no opportunity4 ,i 
w n[ /ate briefly a few ph5om5a t ,i    
notic$ at ! "t ( ! eclipse1 mo/ ( :i* ,i
 ?9k 7 communicat$ to y v]bally be=e4   
,aft] ! cl\ds t p>tially obscur$ ! s>i  
on ! morn+ ( ! #g? _h pass$ away1 ,i    
obs]v$ t ?\gh ! atmosph]e 0 hazy1 & !   
sky by no means blue1 !re 0 an unusual  
/illness & fre$om f agitation 9 ! air1 s
 t ! outl9es ( ! spots on ! sun 7 cle>ly
 def9$ 9 ! small ,doll& telescope t ,i  
_h "u my *>ge1 & ?is satisfactory       
condition ( ! air = telescopic          
obs]vation cont9u$ until aft] ! end (   

totality4 ,! fir/ contact 0 at #c;h4    
#chm4 #ajs local "t4 ,x 0 probably ab\t 
#cs4 aft] ?is1 be=e y 7 notifi$ t !     
eclipse _h begun1 two or ?ree seconds   
be+ lo/ 9 det]m9+ :e!r x 0 ! limb ( !   
moon1 ind5t+ ! edge ( ! sun1 or n4 ,y\r 
fir/ photograph 0 !re=e probably five or
 six seconds aft] ! beg9n+4 ,! passage (
 ! edge ( ! moon ov] ! l>g] spot on !   
sun1 ,i not$ z foll[s3--                
,h4 ,m4 ,s4      ,contact ) !           
,p5umbra44444444444444444 #d  #c #cd    
,umbra44444444444444444444 #d  #c #ef   
,complete obscuration (                 
,umbra4444444444444 #d  #d #cd  ,! "t   
bo? ( ! beg9n+ & end ( totality1 =      
reasons v]bally /at$ to y1 ,i fail$ to  
note4 ,( ! ph5om5a dur+ totality1 ^? :i*
 ,i mo/ not$ 71 fir/1 ! disappe>ance ( !
 la/ rays ( ! sun 9 an irregul> brok5   
l9e ( light1 succe$$ at or ne> ?is po9t 
by a b& or corona ( a silv]y :ite light 
almo/ z bright z ! face ( full moon4    
,?is ?\gh mu* wid] at ?is po9t ?an      
else:]e1 0 soon obs]v$ to ext5d 9 an    

entire r+ ar\nd ! d>k body ( ! moon2 f  
?is lum9\s r+1 rays ( light seem$ to    
%oot out at "r angles on e side1 div]g+ 
z x 7 f ! c5tre ( x4 ,9 "s places !y    
seem$ to ext5d out ne>ly half ! diamet] 
( ! moon f ! bright r+2 9 o!rs1 n "o    
f\r? s f>4 ,b ! mo/ rem>kable appe>ance 
( all1 & t :i* attract$ ! att5tion ( e  
"o :o witness$ ! eclipse1 :e!r se5 ) !  
nak$ eye or ) ! telescope1 7 ! r$       
protub]ances t %ot up imm$iately on !   
disappe>ance ( ! sun1 f v>i\s places1 on
 ! edge ( ! moon2 _! position y\r       
photograph w fix bett] ?an ,i describe4 
,! l>ge/ 0 on ! l[] edge ( ! moon1 & 0  
by my e/imate1 :5 highe/1 n less ?an two
 m9utes 9 altitude f ! edge ( ! moon1 or
 ab\t #ee1jjj miles4 ,its col\r 0 a     
bright p9ki% r$1 its outl9es 7 well     
def9$1 & 7 n curves1 b r                
irregul>ly-brok5 /raight l9es1 & ?r\gh\t
 x seem$ m>k$ by simil> l9es4 ,x rem9d$ 
me ( ! appe>ance "o sometimes sees on ! 
face ( a cliff :]e ! rock is brok5 by   
horizontal & v]tical l9es4 ,! same or   

ne>ly ! same appe>ance w\ld be pres5t$  
if "o 7 to view columnal basaltic rocks1
 f a po9t :]e ! rocks 9 ! re> w\ld rise 
above ^? 9 front4 ,i w\ld !re=e sugge/  
:e!r ^! l9es may n h a simil> orig91 &  
ea* be ! outl9e ( a va/ column ( lum9\s 
matt] ?r[n up above ! atmosph]e ( ! sun4
 ,!re 0 a con/ant fluctuation 9 ! height
 ( ^! col\r$ protub]ances dur+ ! total  
eclipse2 ! l>ge "o 0 ! only "o t 0 se5  
?r\gh\t ! :ole "t1 & t rema9$ visible = 
"s "t aft] ! edge ( ! sun appe>$4  ,!   
g5]al ph5om5a1 su* z ! d>kness1 ! %9+ ( 
! />s1 c1 ,i _h less opportunity (      
notic+ ?an y\rself & o!rs1 :o 7 )\t a   
telescope1 & w !re=e say no?+ ab\t !m4  
,i h made no attempt to put my          
obs]vations into any regul> =m1 b h     
ha/ily writt5 su* z ,i ?\ght might be ( 
use to y1 leav+ x entirely to y to make 
any use ( !m4                           
,v truly y\rs1                          
,,hugh ,d4 ,,vail4                      
,,mr4 ,,falcon]',s ,,obs]vations4  ,to  
,capta9 ,,a%e1 ,r4,n41 c41 ,obs]vatory1 

,quebec3  ,de> ,sir1--,z reque/$ by y1  
,i n[ give y ! results ( su* obs]vations
 z 7 made by me on ! #g? ( ,augu/ la/1  
dur+ ! progress ( ! eclipse4  ,! limbs (
 ! moon c\ld be cle>ly def9$ beyond !   
,s4 & ,s4,e4 limbs ( ! sun4 ,%ortly be=e
 totality1 !re appe>$ on ! sun's nor!rn 
limb sev]al wat]y-look+ globules1 :i*   
m]g$ into ea* o!r z !y pass$ f ,we/ to  
,ea/1 & !n disappe>$4 ,at ?is in/ant1   
also1 appe>$ di/9ct long1 brilliant1    
yell[1 rays ( light1 runn+ ,ea/ & ,we/1 
& f> away1 & z /raight z if rul$2 o!rs  
aga9 ran ,nor? & ,s\?1 & rem9d$ me ( !  
glory anci5t pa9t]s depict ar\nd ! heads
 ( ,sa9ts4 ,on ! ,s\!rn limb appe>$1 j  
at totality1 a l>ge circul> op5+1 or r+ 
( bright silv]y light1 :i* assum$ ! %ape
 ( a r$-hot crook$ b> ( iron4 ,?is1 re/+
 on ! dazzl+ silv]y coronal light1 gave 
a /range & wondr\s addition to ! glori\s
 sc5e we n[ beheld4 ,sev]al             
con/ellations %one brightly f\r?1 & a />
 or two l[ d[n on ! ,we/]n horizon4 ,i  
mu/ n omit ! /range protub]ances se5 at 

?is mom5t3 on ! ,ea/]n side 0 "o l a    
tongue b5t upw>ds1 ) /reaks ( a r$di%   
hue2 ! o!rs ! %ape ( knobs1 d>k &       
colorless1 & rugg$ 9 outl9e4  ,i n[ come
 to ! g5]al appe>ance ( ! l& & sky1 & ! 
*anges t took place ov] ! va/ prairie1  
/ret*+ f> & wide1 ^u :i* y _h erect$ y\r
 obs]vatory4 ,x 0 long be=e any         
appe>ance ( gloom or d>kness occurr$1 n 
till #d;h4 #bim41 :5 a hazy gloom       
gradually spread ov] ! broad expanse :i*
 surr\nd$ u4 ,at #d;h4 #cdm4 0 se5 a    
d5se cl\d approa*+ f ! ,n4,w4 & ,s4,w41 
roll+ along 9 its c\rse & obscur+ ev]y?+
 ar\nd4 ,inde$1 x _h ! appe>ance ( a    
com+ /orm1 & seem$ 9 "p to issue f !    
prairie4 ,x did n rea* or envelope !    
obs]vatory4 ,9 front ( ?is 0 a lurid1   
une>?ly gl>e1 cle> & bright1 ( a gre5i% 
t+e2 ! d5se prairie grass ar\nd might h 
contribut$ to ?is effect4 ,pres5tly1 :5 
totality took place1 all became         
comp>atively d>k2 e tongue 0 hu%$ among/
 ! gr\ps ( p]sons :o _h come out on     
foot1 or 7 seat$ 9 _! waggons1 f        

,jeff]son & ! c\ntry ar\nd4  ,& :at did 
!y behold8 ,a wondr\s sight6 ,at ! mom5t
 ( totality1 bur/ =? ! beautiful coronal
 light ( ! brightness ( burni%$ silv]6  
,^u ! ,s\!rn portion ( ?is r+ ( light1  
re/$ t curv$1 elongat$ protub]ance1 ( a 
fi]y r$ness1 r5d]$ m ruddy 9 contra/ ) !
 dazzl+ silv]y light ( ! corona4        
,sev]al con/ellations %one bright &     
cle>2 sev]al />s also 7 obs]v$ above !  
,we/]n horizon4 ,all ^! gave ! sc5e a   
magnific5ce & gr&eur4 ,wond] &          
admiration sat ^u e face uplift$ to !   
sky4 ,e voice 0 hu%$4 ,sublime1 inde$1 0
 ! sc5e pres5t$4 ,9 rev]5tial awe !     
gr\ps /ood mute4 ,ea* "o seem$ to pond] 
)9 himself ov] ! glori\s sc5e 9 front ( 
him4  ,pres5tly1 ! light ( ! sun sudd5ly
 bur/s =?2 ! cl\ds :i* cov]$ ! va/      
prairie lift1 & gradually roll away4 ,!n
 along ! ,we/]n horizon are display$    
long bright /reaks ( light1 z se5 at !  
approa* ( com+ day4 ,! purple hue ^u !  
di/ant prairie vani%es4 ,! />s also     
disappe>1 & ! mom5t>y night is turn$    

into day6  ,a murmur is n[ he>d1 &      
voices arise1 proclaim+ ! sublimity ( ! 
sc5e !y _h j witness$1 "o ( ! mo/       
wondr\s & impos+ sights pres5t$ to !    
human eye1 9 ! firmam5t ( heav56 ,!     
words ( ! ,psalmi/ involunt>ily fell f !
 lips3 ',! heav5s decl>e ! glory ( ,god1
 & ! firmam5t %ewe? 8 h&iwork4'  ,at !  
approa* ( totality1 ! /ation-ma/] in=m$ 
me 8 p\ltry quietly w5t to roo/4 ,9     
,jeff]son ,city1 ! swall[s flew d[n ^u !
 gr\nd1 amid/ ! granite b\ld]s1 & rema9$
 till ! light return$1 :5 !y arose &    
flew wildly ab\t4  ,x rema9s only = me1 
9 conclusion1 to ?ank y & ,mr4 ,d\glas =
 invit+ me to jo9 ?is highly-int]e/+    
exp$ition1 & to congratulate y & ,mr4   
,d\glas ^u ! great success :i* att5d$   
y\r photographic op]ations4  ,i h to    
?ank y = behold+ ! wondr\s & va/        
prairies we/ ( ! ,mississippi4 ',haec   
olim mem9isse juvabit4'  ,i rema91 de>  
,capt4 ,a%e1 y\rs v fai?fully1          
,,alex4 ,,pytts ,,falcon]4  ,,gl5alla1  
,,quebec1 ,augu/ #bh?1 #ahfi4