available by ,cornell ,university       
,digital ,collections47        ,,the    
,,international ,,magazine  ,of         
,literature1 ,art1 and ,science4  ,vol4 
,v4 ,,new-,,york1 ,,april #a1 #aheb4    
,no4 ,,iv4     ,,william ,,gilmore      
,,simms1 ,,ll4,d4  ,illustration   ,a   
steadily growing reputation for almost  
twenty years1 justified by the gradually
 increasing evidence of those latent1   
exhaustless1 ever-unfolding energies    
which belong to genius1 has inwoven the 
name of ,simms with the literature of   
,america1 and made it part of the       
heirloom which our age will give to     
posterity4 ,asking and desiring nothing 
to which he could not prove himself     
justly entitled1 he has wrested a       
reputation from difficulty and obstacle1
 and conquered an honorable             
acknowledgment from opposition and      
indifference4 ,even if we had not proofs
 of genius in the treasury of thought   
and imagination constituted by his      
writings1 still the nobility of the     

example of energy1 perseverance1 and    
high-toned hopefulness1 which he has    
given1 would deserve a grateful homage4 
,william ,gilmore ,simms is the second1 
and only surviving1 of three brothers1  
sons of ,william ,gilmore ,simms1 and   
,harriet ,ann ,augusta ,singleton4 ,his 
father was of a ,scotch-,irish family1  
and his mother of a ,virginia stock1 her
 grandparents having removed to ,south  
,carolina long before the ,revolution1  
in which they took an active part on the
 ,whig side4 ,he was born on the #agth  
of ,april1 #ahjf4 ,his mother died when 
he was an infant4 ,his father1 failing  
in business as a merchant1 removed first
 to ,tennessee1 and then to             
,mississippi4 ,while in ,tennessee he   
volunteered and held a commission in the
 army of ,jackson 7in ,coffee's brigade 
of mounted men71 which scourged the     
,creeks and ,seminoles after the        
massacre of ,fort ,mims4 ,our author1   
left to the care of a grandmother1      
remained in ,charleston1 where he       

received an education which             
circumstances rendered exceedingly      
limited4 ,he was denied a classical     
training1 but such characters stand     
little in need of the ordinary aids of  
the schoolmaster1 and1 with indomitable 
application1 he has not only stored his 
mind with the richest literature1 but   
has received an unsolicited tribute to  
his diligence and acquisitions1 in the  
degree of ,doctor of ,laws1 conferred   
upon him by the respectable ,university 
of ,alabama4  ,at first it was designed 
that he should study medicine1 but his  
inclination led him to the law4 ,he was 
admitted to the bar of ,south ,carolina 
when twenty-one1 practised for a brief  
period1 and became part proprietor of a 
daily newspaper1 which1 taking ground   
against nullification1 ruined           
him--swallowing up a small maternal     
property1 and involving him in a heavy  
debt which hung upon and embarrassed him
 for a long time after4 ,in #ahcb1 he   
first visited the ,north1 where he      

published ,atalantis4 ,martin ,faber    
followed in #ahcd1 and periodically the 
long catalogue of his subsequent        
performances4  ,there are few writers   
who have exhibited such versatility of  
powers1 combined with vigor1 originality
 of copious and independent ideas1 and  
that faculty of condensation which      
frequently by a single pregnant line    
suggests an expansive train of          
reflection4 ,as a poet1 he unites high  
imaginative powers with metaphysical    
thought--by which we mean that large    
discourse of reason which generalizes1  
and which seizes the universal1 and     
perceives its relations to individual   
phenomena of nature and psychology4 ,his
 poems abound in appropriate1           
felicitous1 and original similes4 ,his  
keen and fresh perception of nature1    
furnishes him with beautiful pictures1  
the truthfulness and clearness of which 
are admirably presented in the lucid    
language with which they are painted1   
and1 in his expression of deep personal 

feelings1 we find a noble union of sad  
emotion and manliness of tone4 ,he draws
 from a full treasury of varied         
experience1 active thought1 close       
observation1 just and original          
reflection1 and a spirit which has drank
 deeply and lovingly from the gushing   
founts of nature4 ,his inspiration is   
often kindled by the sunny and luxuriant
 scenery of the beautiful region to     
which he was born1 and besides the      
freshness and glow which this imparts to
 his descriptive poetry1 it makes him   
emphatically the poet of the ,south4    
,not only has he sung her peculiar      
natural aspects with the appreciation of
 a poet and the feeling of a son1 but he
 has a claim to her gratitude for having
 enshrined in melodious verse her       
ancient and fading traditions4  ,mr4    
,simms commenced writing verses at a    
very early period4 ,at eight years of   
age he rhymed the achievements of the   
,american navy in the last war with     
,great ,britain4 ,at fifteen1 he was a  

scribbler of fugitive verse for the     
newspapers1 and before he was twenty-one
 he had published two collections of    
miscellaneous poetry1 which his better  
taste and prudence subsequently induced 
him to suppress4 ,two other volumes of  
poems followed1 in a more ambitious     
vein1 which are also now beyond the     
reach of the collector1 and were issued 
while he was engaged in the occupations 
of a newspaper editor and a student and 
practitioner of law4 ,these volumes were
 followed by ,atalantis1 a poem which   
has been highly praised by the best     
critics of our time4  ,as a prose       
writer1 his vigorous1 copious1 and      
original ideas are clothed in a manly1  
flexible1 pure1 and lucid style4 ,his   
first production1 ,martin ,faber1       
succeeded ,atalantis4 ,it was the       
initial of a series of tales1 which we  
may describe as of the metaphysical and 
passionate or moral imaginative class4  
,these1 with two or more volumes of     
shorter tales1 are numerous1 and perhaps

 among the most original of his         
writings4 ,they comprise ,martin ,faber 
and other ,tales1 ,castle ,dismal1      
,confessions1 or the ,blind ,heart1     
,carle ,werner and other ,tales1 and the
 ,wigwam and ,cabin4 ,there are other   
compositions belonging to this category1
 and1 it may be1 not inferior in merit  
to any of these1 which have appeared in 
periodicals and annuals1 but have not   
yet been collected by their author4     
,the first novel of ,mr4 ,simms belonged
 to our border and domestic history4    
,this was ,guy ,rivers2 and to the same 
class he has contributed largely1 in    
,richard ,hurdis1 ,border ,beagles1     
,beauchampe1 ,helen ,halsey1 and other  
productions4 ,in historical romance1 he 
has written ,the ,yemassee1 the ,damsel 
of ,darien1 ,pelayo1 and ,count ,julian1
 each in two volumes4 ,the scenes of the
 two last are laid in ,europe4 ,his     
romances founded on our revolutionary   
history1 are ,the ,partisan1            
,mellichampe1 and ,the ,kinsmen4 ,in    

biography and history1 he is the author 
of ,the ,life of ,marion2 ,the ,life of 
,captain ,john ,smith1 founder of       
,virginia2 a ,history of ,south         
,carolina2 a ,geography of the same     
,state2 a ,life of ,bayard2 and a ,life 
of ,general ,greene4  ,it is impossible 
to enumerate accurately his poetical    
productions1 as many1 published in      
periodicals1 have never been printed    
together2 but the collection of his     
poems now in course of publication at   
,charleston1 will supply a desideratum  
to the lovers of genuine ,american      
letters and art4 ,atalantis1 ,southern  
,passages and ,pictures1 ,donna         
,florida1 ,grouped ,thoughts and        
,scattered ,fancies1 ,areytos1 ,lays of 
the ,palmetto1 ,the ,cassique of ,accube
 and other ,poems1 ,norman ,maurice1 and
 ,the ,city of the ,silent1 constituting
 distinct volumes1 are1 however1 well   
known4  ,the orations of ,mr4 ,simms1   
which have been published1 comprise one 
delivered before the ,erosophic ,society

 of the ,alabama ,university1 entitled1 
,the ,social ,principle--the true source
 of ,national ,permanence2 another      
before the town council and citizens of 
,aiken1 ,south ,carolina1 on the ,fourth
 of ,july1 #ahdd1 entitled1 ,the        
,sources of ,american ,independence2 and
 one delivered before literary societies
 in ,georgia1 entitled                  
,self-development4  ,as a writer of     
criticism1 ,mr4 ,simms is known by      
numerous articles contributed to        
periodicals2 by a review of ,mrs4       
,trolloppe1 in the ,american ,quarterly1
 and of ,miss ,martineau in the         
,southern ,literary ,messenger 7both    
subsequently republished in pamphlets1  
and received with general approval71 as 
well as by many others of equal merit--a
 selection from which1 wholly devoted to
 ,american topics1 has been published in
 two volumes1 under the title of ,views 
and ,reviews in ,american ,history and  
,fiction4  ,scarcely a production of    
,mr4 ,simms has been unmarked by a      

cordial reception from the best literary
 journals2 and the praise of the ,london
 ,metropolitan and ,examiner--the former
 when under the conduct of ,thomas      
,campbell1 the latter of ,albany        
,fonblanque--was generously bestowed1   
especially on ,atalantis2 of which the  
,metropolitan said1 ,what has the most  
disappointed us is1 that it is so       
thoroughly ,english3 the construction1  
the imagery1 and1 with a very few       
exceptions1 the idioms of the language1 
are altogether founded on our own       
scholastic and classical models2 and    
,fonblanque1 in reviewing a tale by     
,simms1 entitled1 ,murder will ,out1    
said1 ,but all we intended to say about 
the originality displayed in the volume 
has been forgotten in the interest of   
the last story of the book1 ,murder will
 ,out4 ,this is an ,american ghost      
story1 and1 without exception1 the best 
we ever read4 ,within our limits1 we    
could not1 with any justice1 describe   
the whole course of its incident1 and it

 is in that1 perhaps1 its most          
marvellous effect lies4 ,it is the      
rationale of the whole matter of such   
appearances1 given with fine philosophy 
and masterly interest4 ,we never read   
any thing more perfect or more          
consummately told4  ,but the testimony  
of the critical press1 or even of the   
successful sale of an author's works1 is
 not so suggestive of merit as the fact 
that his productions have entered into  
the popular mind2 and this tribute ,mr4 
,simms has received in the fact that in 
regions which he has identified with    
legends created for them by his own     
genius1 localities of his different     
incidents are pointed out with a sincere
 belief in their historical verity4 ,the
 dramatic powers manifested in his      
novels1 have been still more largely    
displayed in his ,norman ,maurice1 a    
play of singular originality1 in design1
 character1 and execution1 the nervous  
language and felicitous turns of        
expression in which remind us of the    

best of the old dramatists4 ,we have    
heretofore expressed in the             
,international a conviction that ,norman
 ,maurice is the best ,american drama   
that has yet been published--the most   
,american1 the most dramatic1 the most  
original4  ,as a member of the          
,legislature of his native ,state1 and  
on various public occasions1 ,mr4 ,simms
 has vindicated a title to fame as an   
orator2 and a recent nomination for the 
presidency of the ,south ,carolina      
,college1 although he declined being a  
candidate1 is an evidence of the        
impression which his ability1           
information1 and high character have    
produced on his fellow citizens4  ,his  
intense intellectual activity1 united   
with a habitually reflective and        
philosophical mode of thought1 and      
unwearied laboriousness1 enable him to  
accomplish an almost incredible amount  
of literary labor4 ,the catalogue of his
 works which is subjoined1 gives but an 
inadequate idea of what he has really   

performed2 for multifarious productions1
 many of them of the highest order in   
their respective classes1 are scattered 
in the pages of periodicals1 or still in
 manuscript2 while the unceasing demands
 on his pen1 with his arduous           
editorship1 prevent him from            
accomplishing many fruitful designs1    
whose inception he has hinted in various
 ways4 ,to his intellectual gifts1 he   
unites a brave1 generous nature1 a      
kindly1 and strong heart1 a genial1     
impulsive1 yet faithful and determined  
disposition1 warm affection and         
friendship1 a spirit to do and to       
endure1 and a soul as much elevated     
above the petty envies and jealousies   
which too often deform the genus        
irritabile1 as it is in large sympathy  
with the beautiful1 the true1 the       
just--with humanity and with nature4 ,p4
         99       99       99       99  
99  ,,chronological ,,list ,,of ,,works 
,,by ,,mr4 ,,simms4       #a4 ,lyrical  
and other ,poems3 #ahmo1 pp4 #bjh1      

,charleston1 ,ellis       ,noufvillle1  
#ahbg4       #b4 ,early ,lays3 #abmo4   
pp4 #ajh1 ,charleston1 ,a4 ,e4 ,miller1 
#ahbg4       #c4 ,the ,vision of        
,cortes1 and other ,poems3 ,charleston1 
,j4 ,s4      ,burgess4       #d4 ,the   
,tri-,color1 or ,three ,days of ,blood  
in ,paris1 #ahcj3      ,charleston4     
#e4 ,atalantis1 a ,story of the ,sea3   
,new-,york1 ,j4  ,j4 ,harper1           
#ahcb4       #f4 ,martin ,faber1 a      
,tale3 ,new-,york1 ,j4  ,j4 ,harper1    
#ahcc4       #g4 ,the ,book of ,my      
,lady1 a ,melange3 ,phila41 ,key        
,biddle1      #ahcc4       #h4 ,guy     
,rivers1 a ,tale of ,georgia3 #b vols4  
#abmo41 ,new-,york1      ,harper        
,brothers1 #ahcd4       #i4 ,the        
,yemassee1 a ,romance of ,carolina3 #b  
vols41 ,new-,york1      ,harper         
,brothers1 #ahce4       #aj4 ,the       
,partisan1 a ,tale of the ,revolution3  
#b vols41      ,new-,york1 ,harper      
,brothers1 #ahcf4       #aa4            
,mellichampe1 a ,legend of the ,santee3 

#b vols41 ,new-,york1      ,harper      
,brothers1 #ahcf4       #ab4 ,martin    
,faber1 and other ,tales3 a new edition1
 #b vols41      ,new-,york1 ,harper     
,brothers1 #ahcf4       #ac4 ,pelayo1 a 
,story of the ,goth3 #b vols41          
,new-,york1 ,harper       ,brothers1    
#ahch4       #ad4 ,carl ,werner1 an     
,imaginative ,story1 with other ,tales  
of      the ,imagination3 #b vols41     
,new-,york1 ,george ,adlard1 #ahch4     
#ae4 ,richard ,hurdis1 or the ,avenger  
of ,blood1 a ,tale of      ,alabama3 #b 
vols41 ,philadelphia1 ,carey  ,hart1    
#ahch4       #af4 ,southern ,passages   
and ,pictures3 #a vol41 ,new-,york1 ,g4 
,adlard1 #ahci4       #ag4 ,the ,damsel 
of ,darien3 #b vols41 ,philadelphia1    
,lea       ,blanchard4       #ah4       
,border ,beagles1 a ,tale of            
,mississippi3 #b vols41                 
,philadelphia1 ,carey  ,hart1 #ahdj4    
#ai4 ,the ,kinsman1 or the ,black       
,riders of the ,congaree3 #b      vols41
 ,philadelphia1 ,lea  ,blanchard1 #ahda4

       #bj4 ,confession1 or the ,blind  
,heart3 #b vols41 ,philadelphia1        
,lea  ,blanchard4       #ba4            
,beauchampe1 or the ,kentucky ,tragedy1 
a ,tale of ,passion3      #b vols41     
,philadelphia1 ,lea  ,blanchard1 #ahdb4 
#bb4 ,history of ,south ,carolina3 #a   
vol4 #abmo41 ,charleston1      ,babcock 
,co4       #bc4 ,geography of ,south    
,carolina3 #a vol4 #abmo41 ,charleston1 
,babcock4       #bd4 ,life of ,francis  
,marion3 #a vol41 ,new-,york1 ,j4  ,h4  
,g4      ,langley4       #be4 ,life of  
,capt4 ,john ,smith1 the ,founder of    
,virginia3 #a      vol41 ,new-,york1    
,langley4       #bf4 ,count ,julian3 #b 
vols4 #hvo41 ,new-,york1 ,taylor  ,co41 
#ahde4       #bg4 ,the ,wigwam and the  
,cabin3 #b vols41 ,new-,york1 ,wiley    
,putnam4       #bh4 ,views and ,reviews 
in ,american ,history1 ,literature and  
,art3 #b vols41 ,new-,york1 ,wiley      
,putnam1 #ahdf4       #bi4 ,life of     
,chev4 ,bayard3 #a vol41 ,new-,york1    
,harper       ,brothers1 #ahdh4         

#cj4 ,donna ,florida3 #a vol4 #ahmo41   
,charleston1 ,burgess       ,james1     
#ahdh4       #ca4 ,grouped ,thoughts and
 ,scattered ,fancies1 a ,collection of  
,sonnets3 #a vol4 #ahmo41 ,richmond1    
,mc,farlane4       #cb4 ,slavery in the 
,south3 #a vol #hvo41 ,richmond1        
,mc,farlane1      #ahca4       #cc4     
,araytos1 or the ,songs of the ,south3  
#a vol1 #abmo41      ,charleston1 ,john 
,russell1 #ahdf4       #cd4 ,lays of the
 ,palmetto1 a ,tribute to the ,south    
,carolina      ,regiment in the ,war    
with ,mexico3 #abmo41 ,charleston1 ,john
      ,russell1 #ahdh4       #ce4       
,atalantis1 a ,story of the ,sea1 with  
the ,eye and ,wing      7,poems chiefly 
,imaginative73 #a vol4 #abmo41 ,carey   
,hart1      #ahdh4       #cf4 ,life of  
,nathaniel ,greene3 #ab mo41 ,new-,york1
 ,coolidge       ,bro41 #ahdi4          
#cg4 ,supplement to ,writings of        
,shakspeare1 ,edited with ,notes3       
7,first collected edition7 #a vol4      
#hvo41 ,new-,york1 ,coolidge            

,brothers4       #ch4 ,the ,social      
,principle1 the true ,secret of         
,national      ,permanence1 an ,oration3
 #ahdb4       #ci4 ,the ,sources of     
,american ,independence1 an ,oration3   
#ahdd4       #dj4 ,self ,development1 an
 ,oration3 #ahdg4       #da4 ,castle    
,dismal1 a ,novelette3 #a vol4 #abmo41  
,burgess       ,stringer4       #db4    
,helen ,halsey1 #a vol1 #abmo41         
,new-,york1 ,burgess       ,stringer4   
#dc4 ,katherine ,walton1 or the ,rebel  
of ,dorchester1 a ,romance      of the  
,revolution3 ,a4 ,hart1 ,philadelphia1  
#ahea4       #dd4 ,the ,golden          
,christmas2 a ,chronicle of ,st4        
,john's1      ,berkeley3 ,charleston1   
,walker  ,richards1 #aheb4     ,,the    
,,palaces ,,of ,,trade4  ,illustration3 
,,peterson  ,,humphrey',s ,,carpet      
,,house4   ,it were well if not only    
,william ,b4 ,astor1 ,stephen ,whitney1 
the heirs of ,peter ,stuyvesant 7of     
blessed memory71 and others who own real
 estate in this city1 and likewise all  

mayors1 common councilmen1 and others in
 authority1 were endued with more taste1
 with a higher regard to the general    
interest1 and a juster sense of the     
matters that pertain to a good          
administration1 so that it might be said
 in after times that the beneficence of 
the ,creator 7who in things natural has 
done more for ours than for any other   
city71 had been seconded by the pious   
wisdom of the creature1 and ,manhattan  
pointed to as in all respects the       
metropolis of the world4 ,why not8 ,if  
the very stones in the streets of       
,london1 ,paris1 and ,vienna1 were      
turned to pure gold1 they would not     
purchase for those cities advantages    
that should be compared with such as we 
already possessed by our beautiful      
island--a giant mosaic1 set in emerald1 
studding the bosom of ,nature4          
,whatever may be said by our excellent  
neighbor1 the minister of the           
dingy-looking red brick meeting-house   
round the corner1 it is not less a work 

of piety to create any work of beauty--a
 beautiful house1 or shop1 or poem1 for 
example--than to teach a class in the   
,sunday school1--which doctrine may be  
incidentally fortified from ,jonathan   
,edwards's ,theory of ,true ,virtue1 and
 more directly from the best            
philosophies of later years4 ,it is     
ordered that the dignity of human nature
 shall in a great degree be dependent   
upon a sympathetic association with what
 is admirable4 ,it was ,hazlitt1 we     
believe1--certainly it was some one who 
appreciatingly recognized the highest   
earthly ministry1--who said it was      
impossible to entertain an angry feeling
 in the presence of a lovely woman's    
portrait1--which1 done fitly1 is the    
highest accomplishment of art4 ,whatever
 is beautiful or sublime has the same   
purifying and ennobling tendency4 ,the  
beggars do shrewdly who sit in front of 
,stewart's4 ,the same person who would  
give a shilling there1 would as likely  
as not steal a penny from the hat of the

 blind man round the corner1 where those
 detestable red bricks so outrage every 
principle known to a builder fit to     
handle the trowel4 ,there is nothing    
more offensive than this custom of      
making of different materials the       
various fronts of the same edifice4 ,it 
may be allowable to construct the rear  
of a house1 or a side that is to be     
built against speedily1 of a cheaper    
stone2 but to make the face upon one    
street of marble1 and the face around   
the corner of brick1 as in the case of  
,stewart's store1 and the ,society      
,library1 is an outrage as ridiculous as
 it would be to make alternate gores of 
a woman's skirt of ,petersham and       
,brussels lace4 ,bricks are very        
respectable2 we say nothing in their    
dispraise2 but to any man of taste1 an  
edifice is much more beautiful built    
entirely of bricks than it is with but  
one of two exposed parts of marble2 and 
let us say to the affluent merchant to  
whom ,new-,york is indebted for the     

structure just mentioned1 that until he 
paints his bricks on ,reade-street1 so  
that they correspond as nearly as may be
 with his fronts on ,chambers-street and
 ,broadway1 his store will indicate but 
a shabby gentility1 an unnatural        
association of tow cloth and satin1     
copper and silver1 poverty and riches1  
which should blush in the face of the   
most inferior exhibition of consistency4
 ,with the abolition of this strong     
contrast1 the observer who goes down    
,broadway will contemplate with delight 
the classical air of this most imposing 
,palace of ,trade that has yet been     
erected in the cities of the ,united    
,states4 ,how easily ,broadway1 for the 
money that its piles of brick and stone 
will have cost in ten years1 might be   
made the most splendid street in        
,christendom1 by a mere observance of   
the principles of taste and unity6      
,illustration3 ,,principal ,,hall ,,of  
,,peterson  ,,humphrey',s ,,carpet      
,,house4  ,in a little hamlet of five or

 fifteen hundred inhabitants1 great     
buildings are out of place4 ,in a city  
like ours1 every thing should be in     
keeping1 and the predominant principle  
should be the gigantesque4 ,if the      
lot-holders from ,bowling ,green to the 
,new ,park would but consider the       
matter1 with intelligent reference not  
only to the glory of the city but to    
their own profit2 if each separate      
square were built as if it were one     
edifice 7as1 without any blending of    
property1 it might be very easily71     
though these squares were all of plain  
brick1 and no more costly than the      
well-known row of stores in             
,william-street1 what an imposing       
spectacle they would present6 ,but if   
one block were like the ,astor ,house1  
the next like ,stewart's 7except only   
the ,reade street front71 the next a row
 of free-stone1 the next one of brick1  
the next one of granite1--here a        
,gothic1 there a ,byzantine1 then a     
,corinthian1 then1 if you please1 as    

plain a front as that of the ,new-,york 
,hotel--with here and there a church1   
library1 lyceum1 or art gallery1 of a   
style less suitable for shops or        
dwellings1--and there would be nothing  
in the world to compare with ,broadway4 
,but this running of democracy into the 
ground1 this whim of every vulgar fellow
 who owns a front of twenty feet1 that  
he must illustrate his independence by  
building on it in his own peculiar way1 
is baulking ,providence1 and for the    
full cost of magnificence confining us  
to tricksy meanness4 ,two or three years
 ago rose the chaste and simple front of
 #cdi ,broadway1 in a row of decayed    
brick shops1 which1 it was hoped would  
give place to an entire range in        
imitation of the initial structure4 ,but
 since then1 the owner of a couple of   
adjoining lots--a ,connecticut man      
probably--has caused to be put up two   
stores of a different style1 not of half
 the value of continuations of the less 
expensive edifice which they join4 ,if  

instead of this patchwork1 now planted  
here for half a century1 there had been 
an extension of uniform stores from     
corner to corner--though either ,beck's 
or the building we have mentioned had   
been the model--the single splendid     
edifice would have been a pride and     
boast of the city1 and the separate     
stores would have been of much greater  
value than the best can be now4 ,it is  
as revolting 7and much more vexatious1  
for its publicity7 as the worst case of 
,saxon and ,congo amalgamation4 ,a      
magnificent pile has been erected in    
,wall-street on the corner west of the  
,exchange2 but some person1 ignorant1 it
 is to be hoped for his soul's sake1 of 
the true obligations of morality        
applicable in the case1 has built1 at   
the same time1 at the same cost1 of the 
same height1 and without any conceivable
 justifying reason1 an utterly          
incongruous basket of offices1 as if for
 the special purpose of vexing the eyes 
of men who have instincts of decency4   

,illustration3 ,,thompson',s ,,saloon4  
,the imposing edifice on the corner of  
,broadway and ,white-street1 of which a 
view is presented on a preceding page1  
is one of the improvements of the city  
made during the last year4 ,in the great
 carpet-house of ,peterson  ,humphrey   
are offered the productions of the best 
looms in the world1 in a variety and    
profusion probably unequalled elsewhere 
in ,america4 ,the principal saloon is   
like a street1 and it is almost always  
thronged with people4  ,not far from the
 store of ,peterson  ,humphrey--at #cei 
,broadway--is the new and beautiful     
building erected by the well-known      
confectioners1 ,thompson  ,son4 ,this   
was opened to the public but a few weeks
 ago1 and it is the most splendid       
establishment of the kind in ,america4  
,the several sales during the last three
 quarters of a century of the ground    
upon which it is built1 illustrate the  
rapid increase of value in real estate  
in this city during that period4 ,the   

lot formed a part of the ,de ,peyster   
farm1 and was called pasture ground4 ,on
 the death of ,major ,de ,peyster1 the  
farm was divided1 and this lot1 then    
thirty-two feet wide1 was on the #acth  
of ,december1 #aghd1 sold for ,l#ajj    
,new-,york currency2 in #aghi it was    
sold for ,l#aej2 in #ahje for #aejj2 in 
#ahbj for #djjj2 in #ahbe for #aa1jjj2  
and in #ahej it was bought by ,mr4      
,thompson for #fj1jjj1 and he has       
expended #ej1jjj in the erection of the 
building with which it is now occupied1 
and which is twenty-eight feet wide1 one
 hundred and ninety feet deep1 and      
sixty-two feet high4 ,it is built in a  
very rich style1 of ,paterson stone1    
similar to that used in ,trinity church4
 ,the architects were ,field and        
,correja1 and the decorations in fresco 
are by ,rossini4 ,mr4 ,thompson1 senior1
 has been a quarter of a century in the 
business for which he has erected this  
new edifice1 and in which he has        
accumulated his fortune4 ,in #ahbj there

 were but one or two houses of the kind 
in ,new-,york1 and these were of limited
 capacity and in every way inferior to  
,taylor's1 ,weller's1 or ,thompson's1 of
 the present day4 ,these are among the  
most luxurious and comfortable resorts  
for ladies and gentlemen who visit the  
city but for a part of a day1 or who    
have not time or inclination to go to   
houses in distant parts of the town1 to 
lunch or dine1 or for those who come    
down ,broadway to do shopping1 and need 
a resting place1 or enjoy an exchange   
for gossip4  ,illustration3 ,,principal 
,,saloon ,,at ,,thompson',s4  ,the next 
of the ,palaces of ,trade recently      
erected in the city1 for which we have  
now room for any description1 is the    
great silk house of the well-known      
merchants1 ,bowen  ,mc,namee1           
constituting one of the most attractive 
features of the lower part of ,broadway4
 ,it is built of white marble1 and the  
style of architecture is ,elizabethan1  
and peculiarly elaborate and effective4 

,the building is thirty-seven and a half
 feet wide1 one hundred and forty-seven 
deep1 and four stories high2 and each   
story consists of a single unbroken     
hall1 lined with the richest ,english1  
,german1 ,french1 ,italian and ,indian  
goods4 ,the architect was ,mr4 ,joseph  
,c4 ,wells1 and his plans were used in  
all the minutest details of ornament and
 furniture4 ,it is regarded1 we believe1
 as the greatest triumph of its kind of 
which our commercial metropolis has to  
boast2 indeed in magnificence of design1
 beauty of execution1 and perfect       
adaptation to its purposes1 there is    
nothing superior to it1 probably1 among 
the buildings devoted to trade in all   
the world4  ,it was said by ,jefferson  
that the genius of ,architecture would  
never make her abode in ,america2 but   
the new edifices in ,new-,york1 of which
 we have described some prominent       
specimens1 may lead others to a         
different conclusion4 ,and we are of    
opinion that the progress of this       

country1 in the last quarter of a       
century1 has been less conspicuous in   
any thing else than in this noble art1  
little as it is now understood1 much as 
it is still disregarded4 ,in some recent
 speculations on the subject1 the       
,tribune observes3  ,there is no        
,american architecture1 unless the      
,lowell factories may be regarded as    
such4 ,our churches are small and       
imperfect imitations of a miscellaneous 
,gothic1 and our exchanges1 colleges1   
lyceums1 banks and custom-houses affect 
the ,greek1 with as much propriety as   
our merchants1 professors and clerks    
would indue themselves with the         
,athenian costume4 ,there is no hope of 
the churches and banks4 ,they are       
nothing if not ,gothic and ,grecian4 ,we
 shall not discuss the probable         
character of our architecture4 ,it is   
clear that ,new-,york will build brick  
houses1 and in blocks4 ,but beauty costs
 no more than ugliness1 and although    
every man has the right to build a house

 of that appearance which best pleases  
himself1 yet every citizen is bound to  
have at heart the beauty of the city4   
,he cannot escape it4 ,his pride compels
 it2 and therefore every man who builds 
a house ought to consult1 to some       
extent1 the general effect of his       
building1 and as he would not paint it  
blue or black1 he should no less        
consider its form than its color4       
,cheapness and convenience will1 of     
course1 be the first principles in our  
building1 beauty and picturesqueness    
will be secondary4 ,the point is to     
combine these without much compromising 
either4 ,at present our cities are the  
unhandsomest in the world4 ,the street  
architecture is monotonous and heavy4   
,the houses1 compared with those of     
other capitals1 are low1 but they are   
not light4 ,paris and the ,italian      
cities have always a festal air4 ,vienna
 is brilliant4 ,even grim old ,rome     
seems waiting to be gay4 ,you do not    
immediately see the reason of this4 ,the

 houses are high1 the streets narrow1   
shutting out the sky1 and the swarms of 
passengers do not explain the charm4    
,but if you look narrowly you will see  
that the difference of effect produced1 
arises1 not so much from any essential  
architectural superiority2 because the  
mass of building in any city is of about
 the same general character--but that it
 is due to the broken and various lines 
which every where meet the eye1         
relieving the heavy gravity of the      
smooth fronts which with us are entirely
 unrelieved4 ,sometimes1 indeed1 a      
street is built with regard to its      
architectural beauty1 as the ,rue de    
,rivoli1 in ,paris1 of which the harmony
 is uniformity and not monotony4 ,one   
side of this street is the garden of the
 ,tuileries1 and the other is like a    
prolonged palace front4 ,the northern   
side of the ,boulevards des ,italiens is
 truly picturesque1 but for directly the
 contrary reason--the infinite variety  
of line presented4  ,illustration3      

,,bowen  ,m'c,n,a,m,m,e',s ,,silk       
,,house4  ,it is to these lines of      
gallery and balcony which break and     
lighten the mass of building1 that we   
must look for a hint of very feasible   
improvement4 ,if any city reader wishes 
an illustration of this fact1 let him   
observe how the iron verandah upon the  
,collamore ,house redeems the otherwise 
bald1 dead weight of that building4     
,then let him cast his eye up ,broadway 
to the long front of ,niblo's           
,hotel--unrelieved and blank--and       
consider the cheerful effect of a       
continuous gallery along each story1 or 
separate balconies at every window1 as  
on the beautiful ,chiaja at ,naples4 ,on
 the other hand let him ask his         
,metropolitan pride how it would like a 
street of such edifices as the ,city    
,assembly ,rooms on the site of         
,tattersalls8 ,so1 also1 in             
dwelling-houses1 the balcony which is   
now confined to the parlor floor might  
occasionally be carried up through the  

other stories1 and this1 in narrow      
streets1 with a peculiarly happy effect1
 as is seen in such streets of foreign  
cities1 where the style1 if elaborated  
in lattices and bay-windows1 becomes    
romantic and poetic4  ,greater variety  
in the mouldings of doors and windows1  
and in the designs of porticoes1 might  
easily be obtained1 with an infinite    
gain of grace to the city4 ,the         
,broadway ,theatre illustrates this1 for
 it is certainly one of the most        
impressive buildings upon that street4  
,the question1 it must be remembered1 is
 not one of art1 so much as of          
picturesqueness and effect4 ,the        
galleries and balconies1 c41 are only a 
subterfuge4 ,if an edifice is           
intrinsically beautiful and             
well-proportioned1 it claims no such    
accessories1 as ,stewart's building1    
which1 although a simple square mass1   
yet from the admirable proportion1      
rather than the material1 is as stately 
and imposing as many a foreign palace4  

,but where there is no regard--as is the
 usual case--to the dignity or propriety
 of form1 there we must take advantage  
of an alleviation1 and obtain lightness1
 gayety1 and variety as we best can4    
,there is1 however1 one point peculiar  
to ,american1 or more properly to       
,new-,york building1 which calls for the
 determined and constant censure of     
every man who values human life4 ,we    
mean the flimsy style of building       
arising from the frenzied haste with    
which we do every thing4 ,this has long 
been our reproach4 ,scarcely a year     
passes that we do not record some       
disaster of this kind1 often involving a
 melancholy waste of life4 ',is it      
strong8' is a question constantly asked 
of a new building1 and a question which1
 in any civilized community1 it should  
be as unnecessary to ask1 as whether the
 public wells are poisoned4  ,we know   
many who will not pass under buildings  
now going up or recently erected4 ,a    
friend walked down ,broadway one        

morning1 while a building was in course 
of erection on the site of the present  
,waverly ,house1 and returning in the   
afternoon found that it had all tumbled 
down4 ,our readers have not forgotten   
the frightful fall of a block in        
,twenty-first street last spring4 ,one  
is curious to know if nothing is ever to
 be done--if the city means to take no  
security for the lives of the citizens  
in this matter4 ,it would be very easy  
to prevent this flimsy building1 and    
even were it very difficult it should be
 effectually done4 ,this1 too1 is a     
matter in which every citizen is        
interested4  ,stores and ,warehouses    
have their own proprieties4 ,warehouses 
properly avoid even the appearance of   
lightness4 ,they are devoted to heavy   
storage4 ,no life1 save of bales and    
boxes1--and not of the contents of bales
 and boxes--is associated with them4    
,security is the first and only thing we
 demand of them1 provided the structures
 are not painfully disproportioned4 ,so 

with ,prisons4 ,in fact1 in             
architecture1 the ornament must depend  
upon the use1 must be developed from the
 use4 ,for the same reason that         
balconies become a dwelling-house they  
disfigure a warehouse4 ,stores again    
should partake1 in their appearance1 of 
the intrinsic character and associations
 of shops4 ,when shop-keeping becomes   
royal1 it should be royally housed1 as  
in ,stewart's building4  ,the theme     
unravels itself endlessly4 ,it is one of
 those common interests of constantly   
recurring importance which it is always 
worth while to talk about4 ,because     
there is no ,american architecture1     
there is no occasion for making our     
buildings mere piles of brick and       
mortar1 punctured here and there for    
light--and because we are a commonsense1
 go-ahead people1 there is no need that 
our houses should offend the eye2       
but--for that reason--great need that   
they should please it4  ,lorenzo of     
,florence was the magnificent1 not      

because he was rich1 but because he knew
 the use of riches4  ,despite all       
drawbacks1 our city is growing          
wonderfully in splendor as well as in   
size2 and perhaps no previous season has
 promised so many improvements in       
,broadway1 uptown1 or by the different  
parks1 as the present4 ,surpassing      
already any metropolis in the world in  
the number and magnificence of our      
hotels1 we are to have in occupancy     
within a few weeks the splendid ,st4    
,nicholas and the gigantic              
,metropolitan1 besides half a dozen of  
inferior pretensions1 which will yet    
surpass the best in other cities2 and   
new churches1 and galleries1 and public 
halls1 are talked of1 in number and     
capacity1 as in beauty1 sufficient for  
all the possible contingencies of a     
great capital1 increasing in wealth1 and
 power1 and beauty1 with such unexampled
 rapidity4 ,the power and magnificence  
of ,new-,york have been built up by her 
merchants1 whose private enterprise1    

public spirit1 and intelligence and     
taste1 are especially conspicuous in the
 new edifices devoted to trade1 of which
 we have given descriptions4            
,illustration3 ,,interior ,,of ,,bowen  
,m'c,n,a,m,e,e',s ,,silk ,,house4       
,,herman ,,hooker1 ,d4,d4  ,illustration
   ,herman ,hooker is one of the most   
able and peculiar writers in religion   
and religious philosophy now living in  
,america4 ,indeed1 we are inclined to   
doubt whether the ,episcopal ,church in 
the ,united ,states embraces another    
author whose name will be as long or as 
respectfully remembered in the          
,christian world4 ,if he is not         
mentioned in every day's report1 it is  
because he adds to genius an unobtrusive
 modesty1 as rare as are the admirable  
qualities with which in his case it is  
associated4  ,dr4 ,hooker is a native of
 ,poultney1 ,rutland county1 ,vermont4  
,he was graduated at ,middlebury        
,college in #ahbe1 and soon after       
entered upon the study of divinity at   

the ,presbyterian ,theological ,seminary
 in ,princeton4 ,he subsequently took   
orders in the ,episcopal ,church1 and   
acquired considerable reputation as a   
preacher2 but at the end of a few years 
ill health compelled him to abandon the 
pulpit1 and he has since resided in     
,philadelphia4 ,the distinction of      
,doctor in ,divinity was conferred upon 
him three or four years ago by ,union   
,college4  ,dr4 ,hooker published in    
#ahce ,the ,portion of the ,soul1 or    
,thoughts on its ,attributes and        
,tendencies as ,indications of its      
,destiny2 in the same year ,popular     
,infidelity1 which in later editions is 
entitled1 ,the ,philosophy of ,unbelief1
 in ,morals and ,religion1 as           
discernible in the ,faith and ,character
 of ,men2 in #ahdf1 ,the ,uses of       
,adversity and the ,provisions of       
,consolation2 in #ahdh1 ,the ,christian 
,life a ,fight of ,faith2 and soon      
after1 ,thoughts and ,maxims1 a book    
worthy of ,rochefoucauld for point1 of  

,herbert for piety1 and ,bacon for      
wisdom4  ,upon meeting with qualities   
like ,dr4 ,hooker's in one not known    
among the popular authors of the        
country1 we are prompted to say with    
,wordsworth1 ,strongest minds are often 
those of whom the world hears least1 or 
in the bolder words of ,henry ,taylor1  
,the world knows nothing of its greatest
 men4 ,it is surprising that a voice    
like his should have awakened no echoes4
 ,he deserves a place among the first   
religious writers of the age3 for he has
 been faithful to the great mission laid
 upon the priesthood1 which is1 not to  
labor upon forms1 modes1 shows1 of      
devotion1 nor to dispute of systems1    
schools1 and theories of faith1 but to  
be witnesses of a law above the world1  
and prophets of a consolation that is   
not of mortality4 ,when we take up one  
of his books1 we could imagine that we  
had fallen upon one of those great      
masters in divinity1 who in the         
seventeenth century illustrated the     

field of moral relations and affections 
with a power and splendor peculiar to   
that age4 ,these great writers possessed
 an apprehension of spiritual subjects1 
sensitive1 yet profoundly rational2 a   
vision on which the rays of a higher    
consciousness streamed in lustre so     
transcending that the light of earth    
seemed like a shadow thrown across its  
course2 which differed from inspiration 
in degree rather than in kind4 ,the     
resemblance of ,dr4 ,hooker to these    
great authors is obviously not an       
affectation4 ,it is not confined to     
style1 but reaches to the constitution  
and tone of the mind4 ,his productions  
indicate the same temper of deep        
thoughtfulness upon man's estate and    
destiny2 the same union of a personal   
sympathy with a judicial superiority1   
which suffers in all the human          
weaknesses which it detects and         
condemns2 the same earnest sense of     
their subjects as realities1 clear1     
present and palpable2 the same quick    

feeling1 toned into dignity by          
pervading1 essential wisdom2 and that   
direct cognizance of the substances of  
religion1 which does not deduce its     
great moral truths as consequences of an
 assumed theory1 but seizes them as     
primary elements that verify themselves 
and draw the theories after them by a   
natural connection4 ,fretted and wearied
 with metaphysical theologies2 vexed by 
the self-illustration1 the want of      
candor1 the fierceness1 the ungenial and
 unsatisfying hollowness of popular     
religionism1 we turn with a grateful    
relief to this soothing and impressive  
system which speculates not1 wrangles   
not1 reviles not1 but1 while it every   
where testifies of the degradation we   
are under1 touches our spirits to power 
and purity by the constant exhortation  
of sursem corda6  ,the style of ,dr4    
,hooker abounds in spontaneous interest 
and unexpected graces4 ,it seems to     
result immediately from his character1  
and to be an inseparable part of it4 ,it

 is free from all the commonplaces of   
fine writing2 has nothing of the formal 
contrivance of the rhetorician1 the     
balanced period1 the pointed turn1 the  
recurring cadence4 ,yet the charms of a 
genuine simplicity1 of a directness     
almost quaint1 of primitive gravity1 and
 calm1 native good sense1 renders it    
singularly agreeable to a cultivated    
taste4 ,undoubtedly there is in         
spiritual sensibility something akin to 
genius1 and like it tending to utterance
 in language significant and beautiful4 
,we meet at times in ,dr4 ,hooker's     
writings with phrases of the rarest     
felicity and of great delicacy and      
expressiveness2 in which we know not    
whether most to admire the vigor which  
has conceived so striking a thought1 or 
the refinement of art which has fixed it
 in words so beautifully exact4         
,,sunset4  ,,written ,,for ,,the        
,,international ,,magazine4  ,,by ,r4   
,s4 ,,chilton       ,see with what pomp 
the golden sun goes down     ,behind yon

 purple mountain6--far and wide     ,his
 mellow radiance streams2 the steep     
hill-side     ,is clothed with splendor1
 and the distant town     ,wears his    
last glory like a blazing crown4     ,we
 cannot see him now1 and yet his fire   
,still lingers on the city's tallest    
spire1--     ,chased slowly upward by   
the gathering frown     ,of the         
approaching darkness4 ,god of light6    
,thou leavest us in gloom1--but other   
eyes     ,watch thy faint coming now in 
distant skies3--     ,there drooping    
flowers spring up1 and streams grow     
bright1     ,and singing birds plume    
their moist wings for flight1     ,and  
stars grow pale and vanish from the     
sight6     ,,new-,,york ,,society1 ,,by 
,,the ,,last ,,english ,,traveller4     
,the ,hon4 ,,henry ,,cope has lately    
published in ,london a ,ride across the 
,rocky ,mountains1 to ,california--a    
book abounding in striking adventure and
 description1 and illustrating in its   
general tone the spirit of an ,english  

gentleman4 ,its temper and good sense   
may be inferred from the following      
specimen1 on the never-failing subject  
of ,society in ,new-,york3       ,any   
observations ,i might be tempted to make
 on ,new-,york1 or      even1 ,i am     
inclined to think1 on any of the        
civilized parts      of the states1     
would probably be neither novel nor     
interesting4 ,i am not ambitious of     
circulating more      ',american notes1'
 nor do ,i care to follow in the        
footsteps      of ,mrs4 ,trollope4      
,enough has been written to illustrate  
the      singularities of second-rate   
,american society4 ,good society      is
 the same all over the world4 ,general  
remarks ,i hold to be      fair play4   
,but to indulge in personalities is a   
poor return      for hospitality2 and   
those ,americans who are most willing to
      be civil to foreigners1 receive   
little enough encouragement      to     
extend that civility1 when1 as is too   
often the case1      those very         

foreigners afterwards attempt to amuse  
their      friends on one side of the   
,atlantic1 at the expense of a          
breach of good faith to their friends on
 the other4 ,every      one has his     
prejudices3 ,i freely confess ,i have   
mine4 ,i like      ,london better than  
,new-,york1 but it does not1 therefore1 
follow that ,i dislike ,new-,york1 or   
,americans either4 ,i have      a great 
respect for almost every thing          
,american--,i do not      mean to say   
that ,i have any affection for a        
thorough bred      ,yankee1 in our      
acceptation of the term2 far from it1 ,i
 think      him the most offensive of   
all bipeds in the known world4          
,yankee snobs too ,i hate--such as      
infest ,broadway1 for      instance1    
genuine specimens of the genus1         
according to the      highest           
authorities4 ,the worst of ,new-,york is
 its      superabundance of snobbism4   
,the snob here is a snob sui            
generis quite beyond the capacities of  

the old world4      ,there is no        
mistaking him4 ,he is cut out after the 
most      approved pattern4 ,if he      
differs from the original1 or           
whatever that might have been1 it must  
be in a surpassing      excellence of   
snobbism which does credit to the       
progressive      order of things4       
,tuft-hunting is a sport he pursues with
      delight to himself1 but without   
remorse or pity for his      victim4 ,it
 is necessary for the object of his     
persecutions      to be constantly on   
the alert4 ,he is frequently seen       
prowling about in white kid gloves1     
patent leather boots1      and ,parisian
 hat4 ,whenever this is the case1 he    
must be      considered dangerous and   
bloody-minded1 for in all               
probability he is meditating a call4    
,often he has been known      to run his
 prey to ground in the ,opera or other  
public      places1 and there to worry  
them within less than an inch of        
their good temper4 ,offensive as he is1 

generally speaking1      he sometimes   
acts on the defensive2 for1 not very    
well      convinced of his own          
infallibility1 he is particularly       
susceptible of affronts1 to which his   
assumed consequence      not            
unfrequently makes him liable4 ,baits   
are often proffered      by these       
swell-catchers to lure the unwary4 ,such
 as an      introduction to the nymphs  
of the corps de ballet2 the      entre  
to all the theatres1 private            
gambling-houses1 c41      c4 ,but beware
 of such seductions4     ,,emilie ,,de  
,,coigny4  ,,written ,,for ,,the        
,,international ,,monthly ,,magazine4   
,,by ,,richard ,b4 ,,kimball4           
,illustration3 ,,emilie ,,de ,,coigny   
,,and ,,the ,,students4   ,a morning at 
,la ,morgue is hardly as agreeable as a 
day at the ,louvre1 yet it is not       
without a certain fascination4 ,let but 
the influence once fasten on you1 and it
 will be very hard to shake it off4 ,at 
one period ,i confess it was to me      

almost irresistible1 and ,i shudder     
sometimes when ,i recollect how         
punctually every morning at the same    
hour ,i took my place on one side of    
that fearful room--not for the purpose  
of inspecting the bodies of the suicides
 7,i rarely turned to look at them71 but
 to regard the countenances of the      
anxious ones who came to realize the    
worst1 or to take hope till the morrow4 
,literally there are no spectators in   
that dismal solitude--if we except an   
occasional visit from the foreign       
sight-hunter1 who comes in charge of a  
valet1 and passes in and out and away to
 the next place4 ,in ,london or in      
,new-,york1 an establishment so public  
would be thronged with persons eager to 
gratify a prurient curiosity4 ,not so in
 ,paris4 ,the ,french possess a         
sensibility so refined--it may be called
 a species of delicacy--that they cannot
 enjoy such a spectacle1 can scarcely   
endure it3 and if the tourist will bring
 the subject to mind1 he will recollect 

that while his guide pointed out the    
entrance1 he himself declined going into
 the apartment4  ,i know not how it     
happened1 but1 as ,i have remarked1 the 
habit of visiting this spot every       
morning1 was fastened on me4 ,never     
shall ,i forget some of the faces ,i    
encountered there4 ,one image is        
impressed on me indelibly2 it is that of
 a woman of middle age1 with a very pale
 face1 and having the appearance of one 
struggling with some wearing sorrow1 who
 for two weeks in succession came in    
daily1 and walking painfully up to the  
partition1 looked intently through the  
lattice work1 and turned and went away4 
,i never before felt so strong an       
impulse to accost a person1 without     
yielding to it4 ,indeed ,i had resolved 
to speak to her on the morning of the   
fifteenth day1 but she did not come and 
,i never saw her again4 ,who was she8   
did her fears prove groundless8 what    
became of her8 ,an old man ,i remember  
to have seen--a very old man1 feeble and

 decrepit1 who came once only1 looked at
 the dead1 shook his head despairingly1 
and tottered away3 ,i know not if he    
discovered the object of his search4    
,young girls who had quarrelled with    
their lovers1 and lovers who in moments 
of jealousy had been cruel to their     
sweethearts1 would look anxiously in1   
and generally with relieved spirits pass
 out1 almost smilingly1 resolving no    
doubt to make all up before night should
 again tempt to suicide4 ,another       
incident ,i cannot omit1 although it is 
impossible to recall it without a       
dreadful pang4 ,one morning a pretty    
fair-haired child1 not more than four   
years old1 came running in1 and clasping
 the wooden bar with one hand1 pointed  
with her little finger through the      
opening1 and with a tone of innocent    
curiosity said1 ,there's mamma6 ,the    
same moment two or three rushed in1 and 
seizing the unconscious orphan1 carried 
her hastily away4 ,she had wandered     
after some of the family1 and heard     

enough as they came from the fatal place
 to lead her to suppose her lost mamma  
was there1 and so she ran to see4 ,what 
could be the circumstances so untoward1 
that even the child could not bind the  
mother to life8  ,a long chapter might  
be written of the occurrences at my     
singular rendezvous1 but ,i had no      
design1 when ,i began1 of alluding to   
them1 and ,i will only remark here that1
 leaving ,paris some time after for the 
south of ,europe1 ,i got rid of this    
nightmare impulse1 and although ,i      
returned the following season ,i never  
again entered ,la ,morgue4444  ,it was  
in the spring when ,i came back4 ,the   
foliage was deep and green1 and in the  
,jardin des ,plants1 which was near my  
quarters1 the various flowers and shrubs
 and trees filled the atmosphere with   
fragrance1 and tempted us to frequent   
strolls along its avenues4  ,come with  
me at six o'clock1 said my friend       
,partridge1 and you shall see an        
apparition4  ,where8  ,i will not tell  

you1 till we are on the ,spot4  ,i will 
go1 but hope the rendezvous will be an  
agreeable one4 ,just then1 ,i know not  
why1 ,i thought of ,la ,morgue1 and     
shuddered4  ,the most agreeable in all  
,paris4  ,this conversation took place  
in the ,hospital de ,notre ,dame de     
,pitie1 just as we were finishing our   
morning occupation of following the     
celebrated ,,louis through the fever    
wards4 ,partridge was my room-mate1 and 
generally a fellow traveller1 but ,i had
 left him behind in my late tour1 to    
devote himself more entirely to his     
medical pursuits1 while ,i1 to my shame 
be it spoken1 began to tire of the      
lectures of ,broussais1 and the         
teachings of ,majendie2 and1 even now   
that ,i had returned1 was tempted every 
day to slip across to the ,rue          
,vivienne1 where were staying some      
fascinating strangers1 whose            
acquaintance ,i had made en route1 and  
who had begun to engross me too much for
 any steady progress in my studies2 at  

least so thought ,partridge1 who shook  
his head and said it would not do for a 
student to cross the ,seine--he ought to
 stay in his own quartier2 that ,i had  
had too much recreation as it was--,i   
should forget the little ,i know1 and as
 for the ,rue ,vivienne1 and the        
,boulevard des ,italiens1 the ,rue de la
 ,paix1 c41 ,i must break off all such  
associations or be read out of the      
community4 ,i was glad1 therefore1 to   
appease my friend by consenting to go   
with him--,i knew not where--and see an 
apparition4  ,accordingly a few minutes 
before six1 we started together on the  
strange adventure4 ,we passed down the  
street which leads to the ,jardin des   
,plants1 and entering through the main  
avenue1 walked nearly its entire length1
 when my companion turned into a narrow 
path1 almost concealed by the foliage1  
which brought us into a small open      
space4 ,here he motioned me to stop1 and
 pointing to a rustic bench we both sat 
down4 ,at the same moment1 the chimes   

from a neighboring chapel pealed the    
hour of six1 and while ,i was still     
listening to them1 my friend seized my  
arm and exclaimed in a whisper1 ,look6  
,i cast my eyes across to the other     
side1 and beheld a figure advancing     
slowly toward us4 ,it was that of a     
young girl1 in appearance scarcely      
seventeen4 ,her form was light and      
graceful1 simply draped in a loose robe 
of white muslin4 ,on her head she wore a
 straw hat1 in which were placed        
conspicuously a bunch of fresh spring   
blossoms4 ,the gloves and mantelet      
seemed to have been forgotten4 ,her     
demeanor was one of gentleness and      
modesty4 ,she cast her eyes around as if
 expecting to meet a companion1 and then
 quietly sat down on a rude seat not    
very far from where we were4 ,i remained
 for ten minutes patiently waiting a    
demonstration of some kind1 either from 
my companion or the strange appearance  
near us4 ,but now ,i began to yield to  
the influence of the scene4 ,the sun was

 declining1 and cast a mellow and       
saddening light over the various objects
 around4 ,gradually as ,i gazed on the  
motionless form of the maiden1 ,i felt  
impressed with awe1 which was heightened
 by the solemn manner of my friend1 who 
appeared as much under the charm as     
myself4 ,at length ,i whispered to him1 
,for ,heaven's sake tell me what does   
all this mean8 ,a low ,hush1 with an    
expressive gesture to enforce quiet1 was
 the only response4 ,i made no further  
attempt to interrupt the silence1 but   
sat spell-bound1 always looking at the  
figure1 until ,i was positively afraid  
to take my eyes from it4 ,again the     
chimes began their peal for the         
completion of the last quarter4 ,it was 
seven o'clock4 ,the moment they ceased1 
the girl rose from her seat1 glanced    
slowly1 sadly1 earnestly around1 pressed
 her hand across her eyes1 and proceeded
 in the path toward us4 ,we both stood  
up as she came near2 my friend lifted   
his hat from his head in the most       

respectful manner as the maiden passed1 
while she in return gazed vacantly on   
him1 and walking slowly by1 disappeared 
in the direction opposite that from     
which she came4 ,we did not remain1 but 
proceeded with a quickened pace to our  
lodgings4 ,arrived there1 ,i asked for  
an explanation of what we had witnessed4
  ,do you remember1 said ,partridge1    
,alfred ,dervilly8  ,perfectly well4 ,he
 was your room-mate after ,i left you   
last summer1 and twenty times ,i have   
been on the point of inquiring for him1 
but something at each moment prevented4 
,where is he8  ,dead4  ,dead6 ,how1     
when8  ,killed by the apparition yonder4
  ,nonsense6 ,do not talk any more in   
riddles4 ,out with what you have to say 
about ,dervilly and the apparition1 as  
you call it1 and this afternoon's       
adventure4  ,bien1 let us light the     
candles1 fasten the doors1 close the    
windows1 and take a fresh cigar4  ,this 
was soon done1 and accommodating himself
 to his seat in a comfortable manner1 my

 companion commenced3  ,yes--you        
recollect ,dervilly of course1 and must 
remember that before you left us we used
 to joke him about a fair unknown1 who  
was engaging so much of his time4  ,i   
had forgotten--but ,i now recall the    
circumstance2 ,i remember1 ,i was       
walking with him near the ',garden1' and
 he made some trivial excuse to leave me
 and turn into it4 ,you afterwards told 
me he had an appointment there1 but ,i  
thought little of it4  ,well1 ,i will   
give you the story as ,i now have it1   
quite complete1 for ,i was partly in    
,dervilly's confidence1 and was with him
 during his illness and when he died4   
,he was born in ,louisiana1 of ,french  
parents1 who1 after spending some years 
in ,america1 returned to their native   
country4 ,he spoke ,english fluently1 as
 you know1 and when you deserted me we  
became very intimate4 ,then it was ,i   
learned how deeply the poor fellow was  
in love1 actually in love4 ,no mere     
transitory emotion--no momentary passion

 for an adventure--no affair of         
gallantry1 was this3 his very being was 
absorbed--he became wholly changed--it  
seemed as if he had bound himself1 body 
and soul1 to some spirit of another     
world4 ,i never saw1 never read1 of so  
engrossing a feeling4 ,at last he       
confessed to me4 ,he said he had met1 a 
few months before1 at the house of a    
former friend of his family1 who had    
been of considerable consequence under  
the previous reign1 but was now reduced1
 and lived in obscurity1 a creature of  
most exquisite shape and feature1 who   
proved on acquaintance to be possessed  
with a loveliness of character1 a       
modesty1 an irresistible charm of       
manner1 which took him captive4         
,dervilly became completely enamored    
with ,emilie de ,coigny4 ,this he       
discovered to be her name1 but on       
inquiring of the persons at whose house 
he first met her1 he could get no       
satisfactory information2 indeed a very 
singular reserve1 as poor ,dervilly     

thought1 was maintained whenever her    
name was mentioned1 so that he could    
not1 in fact1 glean the slightest       
particulars about her4 ,this did not    
prevent him from confessing his passion1
 for the girl came frequently to this   
house1 and their acquaintance ripened   
very fast4 ,emilie de ,coigny felt for  
the first time that her heart was       
occupied1 and all that restlessness of  
spirit caused by the unconscious longing
 of the affections laid at rest1 and    
,alfred ,dervilly became the sole object
 of her thoughts and of her hopes1 if   
hopes she had4 ,all this1 ,i repeat1    
,emilie de ,coigny felt2 but1 singular  
to say1 she hesitated to confess what   
was in her heart1 even when her lover   
passionately entreated2 it seemed as if 
something stood between her and         
happiness1 to which she feared to       
allude4 ,it is not easy to deceive the  
heart1 and ,dervilly knew1 despite the  
apparent calmness of ,emilie1 despite   
her sometimes cold demeanor1 that he was

 loved in return4 ,but one thing        
troubled and perplexed him2 one thing   
filled him with vague fears and         
apprehensions1 and checked the ecstatic 
feelings which were ready to overflow   
his heart4 ,a mystery hung about this   
beautiful girl2 she claimed no one for  
her friend1 she spoke of no             
acquaintances1 she never alluded to     
parents1 or to brother or sister1 or    
other relation2 she made no mention of  
her home4 ,besides1 a strange sadness1  
strange in one so young1 seemed to      
possess her1 and to pervade her spirit1 
and while contemplating that            
imperturbable countenance1 ,dervilly at 
times felt an awe come over him for     
which he could not account1 and which   
for moments subdued even the force of   
his passion4 ,it appeared to him then1  
as if he were under a spell2 but        
presently1 when a gentle smile illumined
 her face1 her eyes would be turned on  
him so lovingly1 and her look express1  
as plainly as look could1 that all her  

trust was in him and in him only4       
,dervilly would forget every thing in   
the raptures of such moments2 indeed in 
his ecstasy he would be driven almost to
 madness2 for of all characters1        
continued ,partridge1 hers was the one  
to set a youth of ardent temperament    
absolutely crazy4 ,so matters advanced1 
or rather ,i should say1 so time        
advanced1 while affairs did not4 ,it was
 at this period1 said my friend1 that   
,dervilly gave me his confidence4 ,our  
intimacy had gradually increased from   
the hour of your leaving us1 and at     
length he unbosomed himself completely4 
,my first impression1 after hearing his 
story1 was that the pretty mademoiselle 
was no more nor less than an arrant     
flirt2 that her charms were magnified to
 a lover's vision1 and that the mystery 
which attended her would turn out to be 
no mystery at all--so ,i treated the    
case lightly1 laughed at his            
description1 called ,mademoiselle       
,emilie a coquette1 and added1 a little 

seriously1 that it was a shame for her  
to trifle with so warm-hearted a fellow4
 ,you know how grating are the          
disparaging remarks of a friend about   
one in whom we confess to ourselves a   
deeper interest than we care to         
acknowledge4 ,what ,i had said was      
kindly intended1 but it touched         
,dervilly to the quick4 ',i did not     
think you capable1' he exclaimed1 'of   
thus making light of my confidence--,i  
find ,i was deceived--you are at liberty
 to make as much sport of me as you     
will4 ,i have learned a lesson which ,i 
shall take care to remember4' ',you must
 not speak so1' ,i said1' ,i really was 
not serious4 ,i take back every word4 ,i
 would not wound you for the            
world--forgive me4' ,then we shook      
hands1 and ,dervilly assured me ,i had  
misjudged his ,emilie2 he would ask her 
permission to introduce me1 and ,i      
should see for myself4 ,the permission  
was never accorded1 although ,dervilly  
urged to ,mademoiselle de ,coigny1 that 

,i was his best and almost his only     
friend4 ,she was unyielding2 she would  
not see me4 ,meanwhile his passion      
increased with every impediment--yet he 
gained no assurance of its being        
returned1 save what his heart whispered 
to him4 ,in the ,jardin des ,plants they
 were accustomed to meet daily1 when the
 weather was propitious--so much ,emilie
 yielded to her lover--and spend an hour
 together2 and if they could not meet in
 the open air1 they repaired to the     
house where they first became           
acquainted4 ,on one occasion ,dervilly1 
unable to bear suspense any longer1     
seized her hand1 and passionately       
pledged himself1 his existence1 his     
soul1 his all to ,emilie de ,coigny2 he 
swore his fate was indissolubly linked  
with hers1 that their destiny could not 
be severed1 and he demanded from her an 
avowal of the truth of what he said4    
,the violence of ,dervilly alarmed her2 
she drew her hand from his1 and looking 
him steadily in the face1 inquired3     

',what has prompted ,monsieur to this   
sudden show of feeling8'  ',do you ask  
what8' exclaimed ,dervilly2 'it is you4 
,are you not answered8 ,how can ,i      
resist what is inevitable8 how curb     
myself when all hold is lost8 ,are you  
then so cruel8 ,dieu merci6 be not so   
deadly calm--it means the worst for     
me--be angry1 vexed1 any thing1 but look
 not on me with that glazed look--it    
maddens me4'  ',monsieur ,dervilly1'    
said ,emilie1 without change of tone or 
manner1 'what you have said1 if it means
 any thing1 means every thing2 it means 
all a maiden longs to hear from lips    
that are beloved4 ,to respond1 ,i must  
be assured how far your judgment will   
confirm what now seems to be a mere     
passionate ebullition4 ,excuse me1' she 
continued1 as ,dervilly made an         
impatient gesture2 ',i have heard and   
read of similar protestations which had 
little true significance4'  ',i accept  
any conditions1' interrupted the young  
man1 'and will bless you from the depths

 of my soul for naming any1 even the    
hardest2 yes1 the hardest--,i care not  
what1 so that they are from you4' ,the  
girl regarded ,dervilly as if she would 
search his very nature4 ',you are       
silent--speak2 ,i can no longer contain 
myself1' exclaimed he1 wildly4          
',monsieur1' once more observed         
,mademoiselle de ,coigny1 'you know not 
to whom you address yourself2 should ,i 
tell you1 you would retract all those   
strong words1 and hasten to escape in   
the least humiliating way possible4'    
',never4 ,heaven is my witness1 never6  
,i care not who you are2 ,i will never  
seek to know2 when you choose1 you shall
 inform me4 ,you need never tell me4 ,i 
say1 ,i care not1 so that you are mine4'
  ',and you will be mine for ever8' said
 the girl1 slowly4  ',for ever4'  ',i am
 yours--yours1' and ,emilie de ,coigny  
sunk into the arms of her lover4  ,in   
one instant the fortunes of ,dervilly   
were changed--from despair he was raised
 to a condition of delicious joy4 ,his  

raptures were so unnatural1 that ,i     
cautioned him against such violent      
indulgence of them4 ,but he was too     
excited to listen to me4 ,indeed1 ,i    
feared he would lose his reason4 ,it    
seemed as if more than ordinary passion 
had possession of him1 and that it was  
inspired by something unearthly2 and1   
without ever having seen the girl1 ,i   
began to attribute to her a supernatural
 influence4 ,besides1 ,dervilly         
confessed he knew as little of his      
affianced as before1 and that           
occasionally the same icy look would be 
turned on him1 as it were quite         
inadvertently1 and hold him spell-bound 
with horror1 while it still served to   
increase his frenzy beyond all bounds4  
,then1 her endearing smiles1 her        
truthful and confiding love1 her        
absolute reliance1 her entire           
dependence1 on ,dervilly1 made him so   
frantic with happiness1 that he lost all
 capacity to reason4  ,the summer passed
 away1 but ,dervilly had learned nothing

 more of the history of his betrothed2  
she still avoided the subject1 and1 when
 he alluded to it1 she would beg him to 
desist1 and hide her face in his bosom  
and weep4  ,strange thoughts at last    
found their way into his brain1 fearful 
surmises began to disturb his peace1    
and1 when absent from ,emilie1 he would 
resolve at their next interview1 to     
insist on knowing all4 ,but when the    
time came1 and he met1 turned on him1   
the open and innocent look of the       
maiden's clear eyes1 which expressed so 
earnestly how entirely her soul rested  
on his1 all courage failed him1 and he  
could not go on44444         99       99
       99       99       99  ,one       
evening1 continued ,partridge1 after a  
pause1 and with the tone of a person    
approaching an unpleasant subject1 ,one 
evening1 after dinner--,i think it was  
the first week in ,september--when the  
day had been excessively sultry1 ,i     
strolled into the large garden1 which   
you recollect belonged to our old       

lodgings in the ,rue d' ,enfer and after
 a while sat down in the summer-house4  
,presently little ,sophie ,lecomte came 
running out to me1 and ,i remained      
amusing myself with the child's prattle 
till it was dark4 ,the moon shone       
brightly1 and ,i did not perceive how   
late it was1 until reminded of the hour 
by finding that ,sophie was fast asleep 
in my lap4 ,i rose and carried her into 
the house1 and went quietly to my room4 
,i seated myself near the window without
 lighting the candles1 feeling that the 
glare would not just then harmonize with
 my feelings4 ,the truth is1 ,i was     
thinking of you1 and of that romantic   
passage across the ,apennines1 and of   
the fair stranger1 and so forth4 ,i sat 
by the window1 the moonlight streaming  
across the room1 over the top of the old
 chapel1 the windows and doors open1 and
 every thing still except the monotonous
 chirping of a single cricket1 louder   
than that of any ,french cricket ,i ever
 heard before1 and which sung the very  

same song ,i used to hear when a boy    
from under the large kitchen hearthstone
 at home4 ,i began to feel a little     
lonely1 and so started up1 and stamped  
with my feet in order to silence the    
solitary insect1 or arouse the rest of  
the family1 but the old one only sung   
the harder1 and the others would not    
wake1 and ,i sat down again1 and half   
closed my eyes in order to lose myself1 
if ,i could1 in some pleasant revery4   
,my eyes were half closed1 the perfume  
from the graperies filled the room1 and 
had a pleasant effect upon my senses1   
and thus ,i began to forget where ,i was
 and what was about me4 ,presently ,i   
heard a rapid unsteady step along the   
corridor2 it grew more rapid and more   
unsteady2 ,i raised my head1 and at that
 instant ,dervilly hurried into the     
room4 ',i knew it--,i knew it1' he      
exclaimed1 wildly2 'one of the sirens   
sent from hell6 ,i have sold myself1    
body and soul6--,i am lost--lost4 ,ah6  
,i knew it--,i knew it4' ,shocked and   

surprised as ,i was by such an          
extraordinary scene1 ,i did not forget  
that ,dervilly was of a most nervous and
 excitable temperament4 ,i rose1 took   
hold of him kindly1 and asked him what  
had happened4 ,as ,i placed my hand on  
his head1 ,i perceived that the veins   
were distended1 and that the carotid and
 temporal arteries were throbbing       
violently4 ,i hastened to strike a      
light1 while he continued to repeat     
nearly the words ,i have just mentioned1
 in a wild and incoherent manner4 ,i    
could now see his countenance1 and it   
seemed as if the destroyer had been     
ravaging it4 ,his cap was gone4 ,his    
hair1 which was usually so neatly       
arranged1 was tossed over his face in   
twisted locks2 his eyes were fixed1 and 
bloodshot1 and sparkling4  ',my dear    
friend1 you are ill--you are            
excited--let me bring you to your bed'  
7we occupied the large room in common1  
with a small bedroom for each1 leading  
from it72 with this ,i took his arm1 and

 gently urged him to his apartment4     
',not there1 not there6' he cried       
vehemently2 ',have ,i not lain there1   
night after night1 thinking of          
her8--have ,i not dreamed there happy   
dreams1 and seen dear delightful        
visions8 ,not there--never--never       
again6'  ',you shall not1' ,i said1     
endeavoring to humor him2 'you shall lie
 in my bed1 and ,i will watch by you    
till you are better4'  ,the young man   
burst into tears4 ,this action evidently
 relieved him1 and made him more        
rational1 for he took my arm and ,i     
assisted him to bed1 and tried to soothe
 him2 but he soon relapsed into an      
excited fever4 ,shortly after1 he called
 me to him1 and throwing his arms       
closely around me1 exclaimed1           
',partridge1 we were born in the same   
land2 ,i implore you1 by that one common
 tie1 not to leave me an instant2 ,i am 
a doomed wretch2 but save me1 save me   
from the fiend1 as long as it is        
possible4'  ,i now became very much     

alarmed4 ,my first impulse was to       
administer an opiate2 but the case      
seemed so critical that ,i determined to
 send at once for ,louis1 whose sympathy
 for the students1 you know1 is         
universal4 ,i called to young ,stabb1   
who occupied the next room1 and he set  
off immediately4 ,after a few minutes   
,dervilly dozed a little2 and then he   
started up1 and gazed around1 as if     
attempting to discern some object4  ',do
 you wish for any thing8' ,i said4 ,he  
took no notice of my question1 but      
continued to glance piercingly in every 
direction4  ',what do you see8' ,i      
asked4  ',la ,morgue6' he exclaimed1    
with a shudder1 and pointing into the   
other room--',la ,morgue6'  ,he         
continued to gaze madly in the same way1
 still holding his arm outstretched1    
while his whole frame seemed convulsed  
with terror2 but ,i could gain no clue  
to the catastrophe which had fallen so  
terribly on the ill-fated sufferer4  ,it
 seemed to me an age--it really was but 

an hour--before ,stabb returned4 ,he was
 accompanied by ,louis4 ,it was the     
great ,louis whose skill as a physician1
 and especially in the treatment of     
fevers1 is world renowned4 ,i had       
'followed' him during the whole of your 
absence2 had become1 as a matter of     
course1 one of his warmest admirers2 and
 was fortunate enough to secure his     
friendship4 ,he also knew ,dervilly4    
,hearing them enter1 ,i stepped into the
 principal room1 to meet him4 ',mon     
,dieu6 ,monsieur ,partridge1 quel est le
 mal8' said ,louis1 with great feeling4 
',monsieur ,dervilly was at the hospital
 in the morning1 and ,i met him as late 
as six o'clock this afternoon1 passing  
into the ,jardin des ,plants4'  ',god   
only knows1' ,i replied4 ',something    
horrible has suddenly befallen him4'    
,and ,i gave an account of what had     
occurred since ,dervilly came to his    
rooms4 ,louis was silent for a moment1  
and then began to question me very      
minutely about him1 while ,stabb went in

 to keep watch over the poor            
fellow4--,among other things1 ,i        
mentioned his love affair2 and believing
 it to be my duty to do so1 ,i told     
,louis1 briefly1 all ,dervilly had      
confided to me4 ,he listened with great 
attention1 and after ,i had concluded1  
we passed into the little chamber where 
,dervilly lay4 ,he started up with      
violence as we came in1 as if a severe  
paroxysm were about to follow4 ,he      
stared wildly on seeing ,louis1 and     
seizing his hand1 he exclaimed1 ',ah1   
mon ,professeur1 you are a very great   
man1 and you are very kind to come to   
me1 but your knowledge avails nothing   
here1' touching his forehead4 ,suddenly 
he extended his finger1 and cried again1
 ',la ,morgue--,la ,morgue4'  ',what see
 you in ,la ,morgue8' said ,louis1      
tenderly4  ',see8 ,her1 her6' screamed  
,dervilly4  ',who1 mon enfant8 said the 
,professor1 very gently4  ',who1 but the
 fiend--the fiend6 ,she has my          
soul--lost1 lost for ever4'  ',you      

should not speak so harshly of          
,mademoiselle de ,coigny1' continued    
,louis1 in a soothing tone4  ',pronounce
 not that name3 a bait1 a trap1 a wile  
of ,satan2 repeat it1 and ,i will tear  
you piecemeal6' cried the maniac4       
',but1 mon pauvre enfant1 what does she 
at ,la ,morgue8'  ',she8 the fiend--the 
fiend--sits perched on the top of the   
wooden rail all night1                  
watching--watching--and when some of the
 corpses show signs of life1 sails down1
 and sits upon1 and strangles them4     
,keep me away from there4 ,ah1 mon      
,professeur1 do not let me go there1 to 
lie on the board1 and have her bending  
over me1 eyeing me1 watching me1 ready  
to strangle me4 ,there again6 keep those
 glazed eyes away--keep them away1 ,i   
say--'  ,all this time ,louis was making
 a minute examination of ,dervilly's    
symptoms4  ,the latter presently seemed 
aware of what he was doing1 for he      
exclaimed1 ',the usual symptoms1 eh1 mon
 ,professeur2 strongly marked1 n'est ce 

pas8 ,act promptly and decisively1 as   
you say sometimes4 ,let blood--let      
blood--appliquez des sangsues--ha1 ha1  
ha6 that's what we call bleeding1 both  
general and local1 ha1 ha1 ha6 then come
 on with your cold applications3 ice1   
ice1 a mountain of ice piled round about
 the head6 follow up with cathartics1   
refrigerant diaphoretics1 after         
depleting blister6--say you not         
so8--blisters to the nape of the        
neck--blisters behind the ears--shave   
the scalp--,i forgot that--shave the    
scalp--strange ,i had not thought of    
it1--and the hair4 ,mon ,professeur1 ,i 
know you will think me very foolish1    
but--save the hair--,i shan't have      
another growth--save the hair4 ,where   
was ,i8--ah1 the blisters--that will    
pretty nearly do for me--keep every     
thing quiet1 very quiet--after a while1 
digitalis and nitre--digitalis and      
nitre1 mon ,professeur--have ,i not said
 my lesson well8'  ,louis stood         
perfectly still1 regarding the poor     

fellow with a mournful interest4 ,as    
,dervilly paused1 he took off his       
spectacles1 and wiped his eyes4 ',ah1   
,monsieur ,louis1 you talk very         
eloquently about medical science1 but ,i
 baffle you2 ,i am sure of it4 ,call the
 class together--,ah1 ,notre ,dame de   
,pitie--call the class together2 voila  
la clinique4 ,thus being thus1 it must  
necessarily be thus4 ,that's a wise     
saying1 mon ,professeur4 ,call the class
 together2 propound why of necessity you
 can do nothing8 because of a necessity 
nothing can be done4 ,call the class    
together2 be active--vigorously         
antiphlogistic2 time is precious--the   
patient in danger4 ,purgatives--,i doubt
 as to purgatives4 ,what think you8'    
,and ,dervilly paused1 and cast on      
,louis a look so naturally inquiring1   
that the latter replied1 as it were1    
involuntarily1 ',moi aussi je doute4'   
,and it was so2 with all his genius1 all
 his knowledge1 all his experience1 and 
all his skill1 the great practitioner   

stood1 while minute after minute was    
lost1 apparently hesitating what to do4 
,at last he called me into the other    
room4 ',is it not possible to find      
,mademoiselle de ,coigny8' he inquired4 
',i have no means of knowing where to   
seek her1' ,i replied4 ,at the same time
 ,i remembered she was in the habit of  
visiting the house in which ,dervilly   
first met her1 and fortunately knew the 
street and number4  ',let her be sent   
for instantly1' said ,louis4 ',do not go
 yourself2 you may be of service here4' 
,accordingly ,i gave ,stabb the         
direction1 and instructed him to procure
 ,mademoiselle de ,coigny's address1 if 
possible2 but if he were unsuccessful in
 this1 to communicate the fact of       
,dervilly's alarming illness1 and beg   
that ,mademoiselle might be immediately 
summoned4  ,we returned to the sick     
room1 and ,louis1 seating himself in a  
chair1 remained lost in thought for     
nearly a quarter of an hour1 while ,i   
did what ,i could1 to pacify the        

sufferer4 ,i could not help wondering   
that a man1 so prompt and so efficient1 
should lose a moment when the least     
delay was to be avoided2 and as ,i was  
reflecting on this1 ,louis rose so      
suddenly from his seat that ,i was      
startled4 ',there is but one course1 and
 the poor boy has very accurately       
defined it4 ,let his head be shaved1 and
 pillowed in ice2 bleed him at once--if 
he faints1 all the better4' ',no danger 
of that1' shouted ,dervilly4 ',no       
syncope with me but the last syncope--no
 syncope--ha1 ha1 ha6 double the        
ounces--you are timid--no syncope1 ,i   
say--' ,he continued the whole time     
raving1 much in the manner ,i have      
described4 ,the room was kept quite     
dark1 and no one was permitted to come  
in4 ,louis did not leave the bedside the
 entire night4 ,dervilly never slept for
 an instant4 ,on one occasion he threw  
himself close on one side1 and screamed1
 ',take her away--take her away6'       
',what is it8' ,i asked4  ',do you not  

see her8' he shrieked1 'sitting on the  
bed1 looking into my eyes2 take her     
away1 take her away6'  ,i need not      
detail to you1 continued ,partridge1 the
 whole of these fearful scenes4 ,late in
 the evening ,stabb returned2 he had    
found the house2 and although he could  
not obtain ,mademoiselle de ,coigny's   
address1 he was promised that his       
message should be communicated early in 
the morning4  ',it will be too late1'   
said ,louis1 mournfully4  ,what a long  
night it was4 ,the morning dawned at    
last1 but it brought no change to poor  
,dervilly4 ,i had sent for his nearest  
relative1 who lived over on the         
,boulevard ,poissonniere1 and was       
awaiting his arrival with considerable  
anxiety4 ,it was not later than nine4   
,stabb1 the good fellow1 had relieved me
 from my watch1 and ,i was in the       
sitting-room1 in my large arm-chair1    
still anxious and fearful1 when there   
came a slight tap at the door2 it       
opened--and ,emilie de ,coigny stood    

before me4 ,ah1 how beautiful she was1  
yet how terrified6 ,it was not terror of
 excitement--mere surface passion--but  
from the depths of her soul4 ,she was   
stirred by intense emotion4 ',tell me1' 
she said1 coming earnestly up to me1    
'tell me where he is1 and what has      
happened to him6' ,i put my finger on my
 lips to prevent her from saying more1  
and led her to the further corner of the
 room2 but she would not sit down2 she  
begged to be told every thing at once2  
and ,i1 in a low voice1 gave            
,mademoiselle do ,coigny a minute       
account of all ,i had witnessed4 ,when  
,i came to ,dervilly's exclamation1 ',la
 ,morgue--,la ,morgue1' the young girl  
became suddenly very pale1 her fortitude
 forsook her1 and she murmured faintly1 
',he saw me go in--he saw me go in4' ,i 
must admit ,i was1 for the moment1 not a
 little tremulous4 ,i recollected       
stories of devils taking possession of  
the dead bodies of virgins1 in order to 
lure young men to perdition4 ,i thought 

of the tale of the ,german student1 who1
 on retiring with his bride1 beheld her 
head roll from her body 7she had been   
guillotined that morning71 leaving him  
wedded to the foul fiend4 ,in spite of  
me1 ,i looked on the pale stricken      
creature before me as in one way or     
another connected with the adversary1   
and holding a commission from the       
,prince of the ,power of the ,air4 ,i   
had little time for thought on the      
subject1 for ,mademoiselle de ,coigny   
insisted on seeing ,dervilly4 ,i        
hesitated1 but she was decided4 ,she    
threw aside her pretty straw hat1 and a 
light shawl1 and stepped toward the     
apartment where her lover lay4 ,she     
passed the threshold before he saw her4 
,she called him by his name1 ',alfred4' 
,he turned1 and as his eyes fell on her1
 he uttered mad exclamations2 crouching 
frantically in the furthest corner of   
the bed4 ',avaunt1' he screamed2        
'vampyre--devil--owl of hell--come no   
nearer1 7she still advanced1 calling to 

him tenderly72 ,i know that syren voice2
 it has damned and double damned        
me4--,partridge6 ,stabb6 take her away1 
or1' he continued1 in a fierce tone1 ',i
 will do second execution on her4'      
,poor girl--it was too much--she swooned
 away4444  ,you may imagine that it was 
a terrible scene1 continued ,partridge4 
,i set to work immediately for her      
recovery1 having first carried her out  
of the room where ,dervilly lay4 ,she   
opened her eyes at last1 but what a look
 of anguish was in them6 ',is he        
better8' she asked in a faint tone4 ,i  
shook my head4 ',tell me1' she          
exclaimed1 'will he die8 oh1 will he1   
must he die8'  ',he is very sick1       
,mademoiselle4'  ',i have killed him1 ,i
 have killed him1' she cried4  ',pardon 
me'1 said ,i1 ',monsieur ,dervilly is in
 great danger2 still if we knew the     
cause of this dreadful attack we might  
gain some advantage by it4'  ',ah1 it is
 my work1' murmured the fair mystery to 
herself1 without heeding my observation2

 ',i have done it1 and if he dies1 ,i am
 a murderer--his murderer4' ,she        
appeared no way disposed to betray her  
secret1 and ,i did not press the        
subject4 ,presently ,louis came in4 ,he 
made his inquiries of me1 and then went 
to the patient4 ,there was no change1   
except in the increase of fatal         
symptoms4 ,the delirium was more        
furious1 the pulse hard1 full1 frequent1
 and vibrating4 ,the most vigorous      
course was adopted2 two other students  
were called in to assist ,stabb and     
myself1 and every means used to give    
effect to the prescribed treatment4  ,as
 for ,mademoiselle de ,coigny1 she      
remained in the sitting-room1 the       
picture of intense anguish4 ,i urged her
 to retire1 but she shook her head4 ,i  
now begged her to tell me what had      
caused this strange attack1 but she was 
silent4 ,at length ,i went and called   
,madame ,lecomte--you recollect what a  
kind-hearted creature she was--and told 
her briefly the little ,i knew of the   

unfortunate girl4 ,she answered the     
summons at once1 and in the most gentle 
manner endeavored to persuade           
,mademoiselle de ,coigny to go with her4
 ,it was in vain4 ,she would not leave  
the room4 ,occasionally1 through the    
day1 she would step to ,dervilly's      
bedside1 and in the softest1 sweetest1  
gentlest tone ,i ever heard1 say1       
',alfred4' ,the effect was always the   
same as at first--exciting the poor     
fellow to still deeper paroxysms1 and   
more violent exclamations4 ,on the      
fourth day he died2 the symptoms        
becoming more and more aggravating1     
until coma supervened to delirium4      
,during the whole period of his sickness
 ,mademoiselle de ,coigny never left the
 house--scarcely the room--,madame      
,lecomte on two or three occasions      
almost forcing the wretched girl away to
 her own apartments4 ,when poor         
,dervilly sunk into that deep lethargic 
slumber1 so much dreaded by the         
physician1 because so fatal1 she came   

almost joyfully into his chamber1 and   
threw her arms tenderly around him1 ',he
 sleeps at last1' she said1 'is it not  
well8'  ,i would have given the world   
for the freedom of bursting into tears1 
so deeply was ,i affected by that       
hopeful1 trustful question4 ,what could 
,i do1 but shake my head mournfully and 
hasten out of the place4444 ,he died1   
and made no sign2 not a word1 not a     
look1 not the slightest pressure of the 
hand1 for the one he loved so tenderly1 
and who watched so anxiously for some   
slight token4 ',oh1' ,i exclaimed to    
myself1 as the hardness of such a fate  
was impressed on me1 ',god is just1     
there is a hereafter1 these two must    
meet again4' 444 ,emilie de ,coigny left
 the room where her dead lover lay1 only
 when he himself was borne to his last  
resting-place4 ,she followed him to the 
spot where he was buried in ,pere la    
,chaise1 and remained standing by it    
after every one else had come away4 ,in 
this position she was found--standing   

over the grave--late at night by her    
friends--some members of the family ,i  
have mentioned--who sought her out4 ,she
 left that splendid city of the dead    
bereft of reason1 and so she has ever   
since continued4 ,when the day is fine1 
she invariably keeps her fancied        
engagement with her lover at the        
appointed place in the ,jardin des      
,plants2 she patiently sits the hour1   
and retires sadly1 as you saw her4 ,when
 the weather is forbidding1 she goes to 
her friend's house and waits the same   
period1 never showing the least symptom 
of impatience1 but1 on the contrary1    
evincing the signs of a bruised but most
 gentle spirit4 444  ,here ,partridge   
paused1 as if at the end of his story4  
,is that all8 said ,i4  ,that is all1 he
 responded4  ,surely not1 ,i continued2 
you have said nothing about the strange 
mystery which killed our poor friend1   
and which1 as it seems to me1 is the    
main point1 in the story4  ,true        
enough--it is singular ,i should have   

left it out1 but it is explained in a   
word4 ,these same friends of            
,mademoiselle de ,coigny gave me the    
information4 ,it appears that on one    
inclement night1 as the keeper of the   
,morgue was returning from an official  
visit to the ,chief of ,police1 toward  
his own quarters1 which are adjoining   
and over the dead room--he stumbled over
 something which a flash of lightning at
 the instant showed to be the body of a 
man4 ,he was quite dead1 but1 nestled   
down close by his side1 with one of her 
little hands on his face1 was a child1  
about two years of age4 ,jean ,maurice  
,sorel1 although long inured to         
repulsive sights1 had not grown callous 
to misery4 ,by birth he was considerably
 above his somewhat ignominious office2 
he had narrowly escaped with his life   
when ,louis ,,xvi4 was brought to the   
scaffold1 for some indiscreet           
expressions that savored too much of    
royalty2 but in the tumults which       
succeeded1 he had1 he scarcely knew how1

 through some influence with the chief  
of one of the departments1 been         
appointed to this repulsive duty4 ,but  
as ,i have said1 his heart was just as  
kind as ever1 after many years discharge
 of it2 and ,jean ,maurice ,sorel1      
instead of repining at his lot1 blessed 
,god daily that he had the means of     
supporting a wife and children1 while so
 many of his old friends had literally  
starved to death4 ,such was the person  
who stumbled over the body of the dead  
man1 and discovered the living child    
beside it4 ,he called at once for       
assistance1 and had the corpse conveyed 
to his house1 while he carried the      
little girl in his arms4 ,she was too   
young to give any information about     
herself1 but on searching the pockets of
 the deceased1 several papers were found
 which disclosed enough to satisfy ,jean
 ,maurice ,sorel that in the wasted1    
attenuated form before him1 he beheld   
his once friend and benefactor the      
,marquis de ,coigny1 who1 he supposed1  

had perished by the guillotine in the   
revolution4 ,the papers permitted no    
doubt of the fact that the little girl  
was his granddaughter and only          
descendant1 and she was commended to the
 care of the kind-hearted when death    
should overtake him4  ,the old ,marquis 
was buried1 and the little ,emilie      
adopted into the family of the good     
,jean ,maurice4 ,her education was      
conducted in a manner far superior to   
that of his own children1 and the       
choicest garments of those which fell to
 him were selected to be made over for  
her4 ,perhaps unwisely1 her history was 
explained to her1 so that she lived all 
her life with the sense that she        
belonged in a different sphere--not that
 she was ungrateful or unamiable--quite 
the contrary--she was sweet tempered1   
affectionate and gentle1 and loved by   
,jean ,maurice and all his family with a
 devoted fondness3 but the world had    
charms for her which the world withheld2
 she felt that she never could become an

 object of love where she could love in 
return1 and so she repined at her       
destiny4 ,by accident she made the      
acquaintance of the family where        
,dervilly first met her4 ,they had known
 her father and her grandfather1 and she
 loved them for that4 ,she resisted for 
a long time the feeling for her lover   
which she perceived was taking strong   
hold of her1 and when she could resist  
no longer1 she yet delayed to tell him  
what a home she inhabited4 ,this was her
 pride--her weakness--and how terribly  
did she pay the penalty6 ,day after day 
7so ,i was told71 she resolved to       
explain all1 but she procrastinated1    
till her lover1 no longer able to       
restrain his anxiety1 and full of       
excitements and fears and perturbations1
 followed her at some little distance1  
just at twilight1 and saw or fancied he 
saw her enter ,la ,morgue4 ,it was too  
much for his nervous temperament4 ,his  
brain caught fire--he came home raving  
with delirium--and ,,died6 ,now you have

 the whole4     ,a ,,legend4            
,,translated ,,for ,,the ,,international
 ,,from ,,the ,,spanish1  ,,by ,,mrs4   
,m4 ,e4 ,,hewitt4      ,sin vos1 y sin  
,dios y mi4       ,the motto that with  
trembling hand ,i write1       ,and deep
 is traced upon this heart of mine1     
,in olden time a loyal ,christian knight
       ,bore graven on his shield to    
,palestine4      ,sin vos1 it saith1 if 
,i am without thee1       ,beloved6     
whose thought surrounds me every where--
     ,sin ,dios1 ,i am without ,god1 y  
mi1       ,and in myself ,i have no     
longer share4      ,where pealed the    
clash of war1 the mighty din1           
,where trump and cymbal crashed along   
the sky2     ,high o'er the ,il ,allah6 
of the ,moslemin1       ,god and my     
lady6 rang his battle-cry4      ,his    
white plume waved where fiercest raged  
the flight1       ,his arm was strong   
the ,paynim's course to stem3     ,his  
foot was foremost on the sacred height1 
,to plant the ,cross above ,jerusalem4  

,false proved the lady1 and thenceforth 
the knight1       ,casting aside the    
buckler and the brand1     ,lived1 an   
austere and lonely anchorite1       ,in 
a drear mountain-cave in ,holy ,land4   
,there1 bowed before the ,crucifix in   
prayer1       ,he would dash madly down 
his rosary1     ,and cry ,beloved6 in   
tones of wild despair1       ,i have    
lost ,god1 and self1 in losing thee6    
,and ,i1 if thus my life's sweet hope   
were o'er1       ,an echo of the        
knight's despair must be2     ,thus ,i  
were lost1 if loved by thee no more1    
,for1 ah6 myself and heaven are merged  
in thee4     ,,cagliostro1 ,,the        
,,magician4  ,,written ,,for ,,the      
,,international ,,monthly ,,magazine4   
,,by ,,charles ,,wyllys ,,elliot4       
,know1 then1 that in the year #agdc1 in 
the city of ,palermo1 the family of     
,signor ,pietro ,balsamo1 a shopkeeper1 
were exhilarated by the birth of a boy4 
,such occurrences have now become so    
frequent1 that1 miraculous as they are1 

they occasion little astonishment2 and1 
it may be well to add1 that1 except in  
some curious cases1 there is no longer  
that exhilaration now felt1 but1 as in  
,ireland1 a leaden sense of future woe4 
,we are not told by the parents that any
 strange or miraculous appearance       
attended or preceded this advent1 though
 one cannot but believe that the future 
,archimagus and his followers must have 
had a more or less distinct opinion upon
 this point4 ,not to lose time in       
speculation1 we learn that we have here 
found in the ,count ,alessandro di      
,cagliostro 7the above-named boy71 pupil
 of the sage1 ,altholas--foster-child of
 the ,scherif of ,mecca--probable son of
 the last king of ,trebizond2 named also
 ,acharat1 and unfortunate child of     
nature2 by profession1 healer of        
diseases1 abolisher of wrinkles1 friend 
of the poor and impotent1 grand-master  
of the ,egyptian ,mason lodge of ,high  
,science1 spirit summoner1 gold cork1   
grand cophta1 prophet1 priest1 and      

thaurmaturgic moralist and swindler2    
really a ,,liar of the first magnitude2 
thorough-paced in all provinces of      
lying1 what one may call their king4    
,under the common tent1 the great canopy
 of life1 it would not be fair to       
prejudge the mind of the reader upon so 
grave a thing as character1 which we are
 now considering--it might be best to   
let each come to an after-thought       
respecting it--upon our caustic and     
noble author let the blame1 if any1     
hang1 while we now proceed to dip in1   
here and there1 to his magic page4  ,as 
the boy grows1 we learn1 that as he     
skulks about there1 plundering1         
pilfering1 playing dog's-tricks1 with   
his finger in every mischief1 he already
 gains character4 ,shrill housewives of 
the neighborhood1 whose sausages he has 
filched1 whose weaker sons maltreated1  
name him ,beppo ,maldetto1 and          
indignantly prophecy that he will be    
hanged--a prediction which the issue has
 signally falsified4 ,we also may learn1

 what1 in the treatment of our whole    
subject it is extremely important to    
remember1 that1 in the boy1 a brazen    
impudence developes itself1 the crowning
 gift1 c4 ,to his astonishment1 though1 
he finds that even here he is in a      
conditional world1 and if he will employ
 his capability of eating 7or enjoying7 
must first1 in some measure1 work and   
suffer4 ,contention enough hereupon2 but
 now dimly arises1 or reproduces itself1
 the question4 ,whether there were not a
 shorter road--that of stealing6  ,but  
how he was entered into the convent1 and
 under the convent apothecary proceeded 
to learn certain arts and mysteries of  
the retorts and alembics 7which lucky   
knowledge1 after that1 came to use71    
while he was learning his other trade of
 monkery and mass-chanting1 we will     
omit4 ,it is enough to know1 that he    
would not answer for the convent1 and   
was again afloat on the wide sea of     
existence4 ,that he floated is certain2 
for he has a fair cousin living in the  

house with him1 and she again has a     
lover4 ,beppo stations himself as       
go-between2 delivers letters2 fails not 
to drop hints that a lady to be won or  
kept must be generously treated2 that   
such and such a pair of ear-rings1      
watch1 or sum of money1 would work      
wonders3 which valuables1 adds the      
wooden ,roman biographer1 he then       
appropriated furtively4 ,slowly but     
certainly he makes his way3 tries his   
hand at forging theatre tickets--a will 
even1 for the benefit of a certain      
religious house2 and1 further on1 can   
tell fortunes1 and show visions in a    
small way--all these inspirations are   
vouchsafed him1 or1 rather1 these things
 he is permitted to do1 and others not  
to be mentioned here4  ,it is well to   
note1 that in all times1 and among all  
peoples1 there is a deep and profound   
conviction that there is not only a     
short and certain way of getting to     
heaven1 and to know the eternal truths1 
but also that these earthly treasures do

 exist1 in untold quantity1 in the      
elements2 and if one could only discover
 the secret by which the gases could be 
condensed into solid gold1 or the gnomes
 be persuaded or compelled to give them 
up1 ready solidified to hand1 it would  
at least save time and be satisfactory4 
,it is only curious1 as a matter of     
speculation1 to know what we shall eat  
when the lucky age arrives1 and spirits 
will do our bidding in this matter of   
gold and diamonds4 ,the boy1 as he grew1
 discovered this world-wide capacity2   
and who should have this power of       
setting the spirits to work but he8     
,walking one day in the fields with a   
certain ninny of a goldsmith1 named     
,marano1 ,beppo begins in his oily      
voluble way to hint that treasures often
 lay hid2 that a certain treasure lay   
hid there 7as he knew by some pricking  
of his thumbs1 divining rod1 or other   
talismanic monition71 which treasure    
might1 by the aid of science1 courage1  
secrecy1 and a small judicious advance  

of money1 be fortunately lifted4 ,the   
gudgeon takes--advances1 by degrees1 to 
the length of 'sixty gold ounces'--sees 
magic circles drawn in the wane or the  
full of the moon1 blue 7phosphorous7    
flames arise--split twigs auspiciously  
quiver--and at length demands1          
peremptorily1 that the treasure be dug6 
,alas6 why is it that the spirits so    
often fail us at our sorest need8 ,do   
they deceive us2 and1 if not1 who does8 
,the treasure vanishes1 or does not     
appear1 the conditions are imperfect1   
and the ninny of a goldsmith being      
roughly handled by these spiritual      
visitants1 threatens to stiletto the    
adept2 who1 overcome with the           
ingratitude of the world1 concludes to  
quit2--at least1 in the words of his    
,inquisition biographer1 he fled from   
,palermo1 and overran the whole earth4  
,we may see how he has grown--how1 as in
 ordinary mortals1 he advances step by  
step--even he1 the favorite son of the  
higher intelligences1 learns as he goes4

 ,how is it1 then1 that we can have no  
full-grown inspiration2 that we know of 
no perfection--that we only go on       
towards it8 ,can it be that prophets and
 priests really do learn1 and that even 
now1 men may grow into the future8      
,might not a more thorough and          
scientific seminary for this purpose be 
established than any we now             
have--theologic1 thaumaturgic1          
theosophic1 or other variety8 ,it is a  
question easier asked than answered4    
,the ,beppic ,hegira brings us down in  
,european history to somewhere about the
 period of the peace of ,paris--7,a4,d4 
----71 supervening upon which is a      
portentous time--the multitudinous      
variety of quacks that1 along with      
,beppo1 overran all ,europe during that 
same period--the latter half of the last
 century4 ,it was the very age of       
impostors1 cut-purses1 swindlers1 double
 gaugers1 enthusiasts1 ambiguous        
persons1 quacks simple1 quacks compound1
 crack-brained or with deceit prepense1 

quacks and quackeries of all colors and 
kinds4 ,how many mesmerists 7so speaks  
this strange author71 magicians1        
cabalists1 ,swedenborgians1 illuminati1 
crucified nuns1 and devils of ,loudun6  
,to which the ,inquisition biographer   
adds vampyres1 sylphs1 rosicrucians1    
free-masons1 and an et cetera4 ,consider
 your ,schropfers1 ,cagliostros1        
,casanovas1 ,saint ,germains1 ,dr4      
,grahams1 the ,chevalier d',eon1        
,psalmanazar1 ,abbe ,paris1 and the     
,ghost of ,cock-lane6--as if ,bedlam had
 broken loose6  ,the great1 the         
inexplicable1 the mysterious ,beppo1    
being now fairly afloat1 let us try to  
comprehend how he has begun to touch    
upon the edge of those trade winds1     
which shall drive him along toward the  
golden ,indies1 ,ophir1 and the land of 
promise1 for which the men of this world
 do so hunger and thirst4  ,he married a
 beautiful ,seraphina1 afterward        
countess1 graceful and lady-like1 once  
the daughter of a girdle-maker1 and     

named ,lorenza ,feliciani4 ,every one1  
simple or sedate1 knows that it is best 
to hunt in couples4 ,what one has not   
the other may have4 ,so ,seraphina had  
beauty1 lightness1 buoyancy1 and could  
float up her count when the demons and  
harpies of a certain troublesome devil1 
called law or justice1 seemed bent upon 
his swift destruction4 ,could she not1  
too1 enlist the sympathies of admiring  
audiences--by her sweet smiles and      
artless ways1 gain belief1 and a wish to
 believe8 ,more than that1 could she not
 turn the heads of young and old8 noble 
perhaps1 perhaps ignoble--moneyed       
do-nothings 7so says this writer71      
whereof in this vexed earth there are   
many1 ever lounging about such 787      
places--scan and comment on the foreign 
coat-of-arms--ogle the fair foreign     
woman1 who timidly recoils from their   
gaze1 timidly responds to their         
reverences1 as in halls and passages    
they obsequiously throw themselves in   
her way4 ,ere long1 one moneyed         

do-nothing 7from amid his tags1 tassels1
 sword-belts1 fop-tackle1 frizzled hair1
 without brains beneath it7 is heard    
speaking to another--,seen the          
countess8--divine creature that6        
,indeed1 one cannot but wonder that any 
should question the unity of the race1  
at least1 of those known as civilized4  
,in a small way1 or in a large way1 how 
this thing ever goes on--on church      
steps1 on ,broadways1 in ,metropolitan  
,halls1 ,congresses1 the ,palais-,royal1
 at home and abroad6 ,and men do yet    
call this reverence for the sex1 and    
holy sentiment2 and indulge in          
hallelujahs to that hoary myth1 a       
gentleman of the old school2 while      
women--,god help us--women loving it1   
hate those who1 hating it1 hate         
hollowness and hell4 ,with slight       
imagination1 then1 one may see how      
important an element this divine        
creature must have become in any        
conjuration or mystic renovation of the 
universe1 which the high mystagogue     

might be impressed to set on foot4      
,enough1 that she helped and learned the
 arts of prophecy and perfection faster 
than her master6 ,but we read--alas6    
alas6--,as his seraphic countess gives  
signs of withering1 and one luxuriant   
branch of industry will die and drop    
off1 others must be pushed into budding4
 ,he1 the indefatigable count1 is not   
idle4 ,faded dames of quality 7over all 
,europe1 all creation7 have many wants3 
the count has not studied in the convent
 laboratory1 or pilgrimed to the ,count 
,st4 ,germain1 in ,westphalia1 to no    
purpose4 ,with loftiest condescension he
 stoops to impart somewhat of his       
supernatural secrets--for a             
consideration4 ,rowland's ,kalydor is   
valuable2 but what to the beautifying   
water of ,count ,alessandro6 ,he that   
will undertake to smooth wrinkles1 and  
make withered1 green parchment into a   
fair carnation skin1 is he not one whom 
faded dames of quality will delight to  
honor8 ,or1 again1 let the              

beautifying-water succeed or not1 have  
not such dames 7if calumny may in aught 
be believed7 another want8 ,this want1  
too1 the indefatigable ,cagliostro will 
supply--for a consideration4 ,for faded 
gentlemen of quality the count likewise 
has help4 ,not a charming countess      
alone1 but a wine of ,egypt             
7,cantharides not being unknown to him71
 sold in drops1 more precious than      
nectar2 which1 what faded gentlemen of  
quality will not purchase with any thing
 short of life4 ,consider1 too1 what may
 be done with potions1 washes1 charms1  
love-philters1 among a class of mortals 
idle from their mother's womb1 c41 c4   
,it is well to know1 once for all1 that 
the count1 chief-priest of his          
order--which yet thrives1 and if not    
great1 deserves to be called for its    
number1 ,legion--made money out of this 
his enterprising trade2 that he was     
enabled to pay his way2 to ride post    
with the ever potent voucher of         
respectability1 a coach-and-four1 with  

out-riders and beef-eaters1 and couriers
 and lackeys1 and the other             
paraphernalia which the greedy tooth of 
man desires--which helps one forward so 
far toward happiness1 provided always   
that there is no heaven above and no    
hell beneath1 of which let each first   
make sure2 and more than all1 let such  
as wish to travel this road1 take great 
courage from the contemplation of this  
one model4  ,we must hasten to the year 
#aggf1 a year rather noted in our       
annals1 and in that of ,england1        
perhaps1 independently of this the first
 visit of the famed ,count ,cagliostro  
to its shores1 which happened then4     
,should it have so chanced that he had  
lived now1 would he have stopped there  
does the reader think8 ,having an       
insight into their national character1  
and finding great greed and need1 and   
but small heed1 what might he not have  
done on this transatlantic shore1 whose 
free people can so nobly cherish even   
its ,barnum1 its----1 its----6 ,but let 

names go4 ,we make the most of what we  
have1 and if not equal to the greatest1 
the fault rests not on our shoulders4   
,we are not responsible for the past1 if
 for the present or future4  ',twas in  
,england that the master developed most 
bravely the art of prophecy2 perhaps    
finding there a demand for his          
supply--such1 according to some1 being  
the only law of ,god or man4 ,it is     
enough to know that he does a trade in  
foretelling the lucky lottery numbers by
 means of his occult science1 whereby at
 least he put money in his purse1 and   
satisfied good-natured men that as there
 were gulls1 and necessarily a guller1  
he above all others deserved praise and 
not blame2 the whole thing1 this life1  
being really a juggle1 and the smartest 
fellow of course the best juggler4 ,as  
man goes on he developes1 so many       
think--so did ,cagliostro1 and in his   
growth he reaches to masonry--,egyptian 
masonry--and in sworn secrecy finds a   
new ,talisman1 for which men will pay   

five guineas each4 ,he resolves to free 
it from all vile ingredients1 and make  
it a new ,evangile4 ,no religion is     
excluded from the ,egyptian society--for
 is it not certain that religion pays8  
,charity too1 pays1 as we shall see     
by-and-by4 ,no religion is              
tabooed--none--all who admit the        
existence of a ,god1 and the immortality
 of the soul1 may1 for the small sum of 
five guineas1 be certain to gain        
perfection by means of a physical and   
moral regeneration4 ,he promises them by
 the former or physical to find the     
prime matter or philosopher's stone1 and
 the acacia which consolidates in man   
the forces of the most vigorous youth1  
and renders him immortal2 and by the    
latter or moral1 to procure them a      
,pentagon which shall restore man to his
 primitive state of innocence1 lost by  
his original sin4 ,it must be understood
 that this masonry was founded by ,enoch
 and ,elias1 had been corrupted by the  
,egyptian priests1 but was now restored 

to its pristine vigor by its last and   
greatest ,grand ,cophta1 and includes   
not only men but women1 of whom the     
,countess ,seraphina is ,cophtess4  ,we 
cannot do better than to gain some      
insight into the forms and symbolic     
practices of these worshippers2 and     
especially will those who desire to     
practise this or any short and easy way 
to perfection or happiness1 be glad to  
learn what has been done1 and thus be   
encouraged to begin4  ,in the ,essai sur
 les ,illumines1 printed in ,paris in   
#aghi1 are the following details quoted 
by this before-mentioned known author4#a
 ,these bear an air of truth and        
probability which will win for them easy
 admission4 ,many of them are not unlike
 what we have seen amongst us during the
 few past years4  ,they take a young lad
 or a girl who is in the state of       
innocence3 such they call the ,pupil or 
,colomb3 the ,venerable communicates to 
him the power he would have had before  
the fall of man2 which power consists   

mainly in commanding the pure spirits3  
these spirits are to the number of      
seven4 ,it is said they surround the    
shrine1 and that they govern the seven  
planets4 ,their names are ,arael1       
,michael1 ,raphael1 ,gabriel1 ,uriel1   
,zobiachel1 ,anachiel4 ,nothing         
certainly can begin more favorably4 ,we 
learn that she the ,colomb1 can act in  
two ways1 either behind a curtain1      
behind a hieroglyphically-painted screen
 with table and three candles1 or before
 the ,caraffe and showing face4 ,if the 
miracle fail it can only be because she 
is not in the state of innocence4 ,an   
accident must be guarded against4       
,surely our mystic professors1 both     
clerical and lay1 will take heed to     
these things4 ,much may be learned4     
,cagliostro accordingly 7it is his own  
story7 brought a little boy into the    
lodge1 son of a nobleman there4 ,he     
placed him on his knees before a table1 
whereon stood a bottle of pure water1   
and behind this some lighted candles4   

,he made an exorcism round the boy1 put 
his hand on head1 and both in this      
attitude addressed their prayers to ,god
 for the happy accomplishment of the    
work4 ,having then bid the child look   
into the bottle1 directly the child     
cried that he saw a garden4 ,knowing    
hereby that ,heaven assisted him why    
this is so proven he does not explain1  
,cagliostro took courage1 and bade the  
child ask of ,god the grace to see the  
,archangel ,michael4 ,at first the child
 said1 ,i see something white2 ,i know  
not what it is4 ,then he began jumping  
and stamping like a possessed creature1 
and cried1 ,now1 ,i see a child like    
myself1 which seems to have something   
angelical 767 ,all the assembly and     
,cagliostro himself remained speechless 
with emotion4444 ,how like this is to   
what we at this day have seen4 ,the     
child being anew exorcised with the     
hands of the ,venerable on his head1 and
 the customary prayers addressed to     
,heaven1 he looked into the bottle1 and 

said he saw his sister at that moment   
coming down stairs1 and embracing one of
 her brothers4 ,that appeared           
impossible1 the brother in question     
being then hundreds of miles off4       
,however ,cagliostro felt not           
disconcerted2 said they might send to   
the country-house1 where the sister was1
 and see--if they chose6  ,do some still
 doubt8 ,time nor paper will allow us to
 allay that doubt4 ,we must1 as rapidly 
as we can1 introduce what may yet be    
useful in certain cases of the like     
kind1 either in whole or in part4 ,it is
 the introduction of a novice into the  
holy ,mysteries4  ,the recipiendary is  
led by a darksome path into a large     
hall1 the ceiling1 the walls1 the floor 
of which are covered by a black cloth1  
sprinkled over with red flames and      
menacing serpents2 three sepulchral     
lamps emit from time to time a dying    
glimmer1 and the eye half distinguishes1
 in this lugubrious den1 certain wrecks 
of mortality suspended by funeral       

crapes2 a heap of skeletons forms in the
 centre a sort of altar2 on both sides  
of it are piled books2 some contain     
menaces against the perjured2 others the
 deadly narrative of the vengeance which
 the invisible spirit has exacted2 of   
the infernal evocations for a long time 
pronounced in vain4  ,eight hours       
elapse4 ,then phantoms1 trailing        
mortuary vails1 slowly cross the hall   
and sink in caverns1 without audible    
noise of trapdoors or of falling4 ,you  
notice only that they are gone by a     
fetid odor exhaled from them4  ,the     
novice remains four and twenty hours in 
this gloomy abode1 in the midst of a    
freezing silence4 ,a rigorous fast has  
already weakened his thinking faculties4
 ,liquors prepared for the purpose first
 weary and at length wear out his       
senses4 ,at his feet are placed three   
cups1 filled with a drink of a greenish 
color4 ,necessity lifts them to his     
lips3 involuntary fear repels them4  ,at
 last appear two men3 looked upon as the

 ministers of ,death4 ,these gird the   
pale brow of the recipiendary with an   
auroral-colored-ribbon dipped in blood1 
and full of silvered characters mixed   
with our lady of ,loretto4 ,he receives 
a copper crucifix1 of two inches length3
 to his neck are hung a sort of amulets 
wrapped in violet cloth4 ,he is stripped
 of his clothes2 which two ministering  
brethren deposit on a funeral pile1     
erected at the other end of the hall4   
,with blood on his naked body are traced
 crosses4 ,in this state of suffering   
and humiliation1 he sees approaching    
with large strides five ,phantoms armed 
with swords1 and clad in garments       
dropping blood4 ,their faces are vailed3
 they spread a velvet carpet on the     
floor2 kneel there1 pray2 and remain    
with outstretched hands crossed on their
 breasts1 and faces fixed on the ground 
in deep silence4 ,an hour passes in this
 painful attitude4 ,after which         
fatiguing trial1 plaintive cries are    
heard2 the funeral pile takes fire1 yet 

casts only a pale light2 the garments   
are thrown on it and burnt4 ,a colossal 
and almost transparent figure rises from
 the very bosom of the pile4 ,at sight  
of it the five prostrated men fall into 
convulsions insupportable to look on3   
the too faithful image of those foaming 
struggles wherein a mortal1 at          
hand-grips with a sudden pain1 ends by  
sinking under it4  ,then a trembling    
voice pierces the vault1 and articulates
 the formula of those execrable oaths   
that are to be sworn3 my pen falters3 ,i
 think myself almost guilty to retrace  
them4  ,strange as it may seem1 we stop 
here with ,monsieur the ,author4        
,strange too that some deny the reality 
of all this--and tell of magic lanterns 
and science--stranger still that men are
 who believe all--all--'tis to them a   
spasmodic miracle1 and he is an infidel 
of course who doubts4 ,strange too is   
it1 that men do not see here the        
monstrous power of what is called       
,symbolism1 and that they should not    

help nor hinder2 who say1 ,let the world
 go--who cares6 ,men live and women too 
who say1 ,there's something in it--there
 must be6 and is there not8 ,figure now 
all this boundless cunningly devised    
agglomerate of royal arches1 deaths'    
heads1 hieroglyphically painted screens1
 columns in the state of innocence1 with
 spacious masonic halls--dark1 or in the
 favorablest theatrical light-and-dark3 
,kircher's magic lantern1 ,belshazzar   
handwritings 7of phosphorus71 plaintive 
tones1 gong-beatings1 hoary head of a   
supernatural ,grand ,cophta emerging    
through the gloom--and how it all acts1 
not only directly through the foolish   
senses of men1 but also indirectly      
connecting itself with ,enoch and       
,elias1 with philanthropy1 immortality1 
c4 ,let such as will now say there is   
nothing in it--something there is1 for a
 thoughtful man to consider well of1    
asking himself what also does this of   
clairvoyance1 and spiritual knockings1  
and ,jenny-,lind manias1 and            

,jerkers--truly mean8 and what kind of a
 person am ,i who have had part and lot 
with these8  ,but the lofty science of  
,egyptian ,masonry flourishes1 lodges   
are established over ,europe1 and the   
,grand ,master travels hither and       
thither1 mounts to the seat of the      
,venerable1 and holds high discourse1   
hours long1 on masonry1 morality1       
universal science1 divinity1 and things 
in general1 with a sublimity1 and       
emphasis and unction1 proceeding it     
appears from the special inspiration of 
the ,holy ,ghost4 ,he is received with  
shouts and exultation--every where the  
great heart of man thrills at the coming
 of this mystic symbol1 which           
contains--cunningly enfolded1 as their  
eyes can and do see--every virtue1 every
 greatness--is he not indeed the        
,incarnation of these1 and therefore to 
be worshipped2 such gift of reverence is
 in the heart of man1 and to such things
 does he again and again bow down6  ,to 
go on4 ,cheers1 and the ravishment of   

thronging audiences can make him        
maudlin2 render him louder in eloquence 
of theory2 and philanthropy1 divine     
science1 depth of unknown worlds1 finer 
feelings of the heart--and so shall draw
 tears from most asses of sensibility4  
,the few reasoning mortals scattered    
here and there1 that see through him1   
deafened in the universal hub-bub1 shut 
their lips in sorrowful disdain1        
confident in the grand remedy1 ,time4   
,so says our author1 and can we blame   
him8 ,will the reader allow the current 
of this prosperity to be checked for one
 moment by a certain ,count ,m48 ,one of
 the chosen few at ,warsaw1 who having  
spent the night with the dear ,master1  
in conversing with spirits1 had returned
 to the country to transmute metals     
perhaps--perhaps to do other mighty     
works4 ,count ,m4 seems to have been    
afflicted with doubts1 to have supposed 
that by sleight-of-hand the sweet       
,master had substituted the crucible    
with melted ducats1 for the             

other--carefully filled with red lead1  
smelted and set to cool1 and now found  
broken and hidden among these           
bushes--the whole golden crucible       
standing in its place4 ,neither does the
 ,plenagon or ,elixir of ,life1 or      
whatever it was1 prosper better--our    
sweet master enters into                
expostulation--swears by his great ,god1
 and his honor1 that he will finish the 
work and make us happy4 ,in vain--the   
shreds of the broken crucible lie there 
before your eyes--and the usurper has   
its place4 ,that resemblance of a       
sleeping child1 grown visible in the    
magic cooking of our ,elixir1 proves to 
be an inserted rosemary leaf4 ,the      
,grand ,cophta cannot be gone too soon4 
,already it has been said that ,charity 
pays1 philanthropy1 benevolence1 all    
these--sometimes8 if one sows his bread 
on the waters shall he not expect its   
return after many or after few          
days8--the sooner the better for your   
,cagliostros1 your ,barnums4 ,shout it  

daily to an envious world--,am ,i not a 
charitable man8 ,if ,i have done wrong  
myself 7as who has not87 has not a great
 deal of good grown out of my           
wickedness8 ,i have therefore done my   
share1 for which if the world has paid  
me in 'praise and pudding1' it is no    
more than it has done before1 and will  
do again6 ,take courage6  ,cagliostro   
doctors--heals--the poor1 for           
nothing6--even gives them alms--does a  
great deal of good--who but he8 ,at     
,strasburg in the year #aghc 7year of   
our peace with ,england71 he appears in 
full bloom and radiance1 the envy and   
admiration of the world4 ,in large hired
 hospitals1 he with open drug-box       
7containing ',extract of ,saturn'71 and 
even with open purse1 relieves the      
suffering poor2 unfolds himself         
lamblike1 angelic1 to a believing few1  
of the rich classes4 ,medical miracles  
have at all times been common1 but what 
miracle is this of an occidental or     
oriental ,serene-highness that          

'regardless of expense1' employs himself
 in curing sickness1 in illuminating    
ignorance8 ,we at the present day know  
nothing like it2 the mere giving of a   
few surplus hundreds or thousands to    
certain ,slavery1 ,anti-,slavery1       
,peace1 ,temperance or other societies1 
is benevolence of the rocking chair     
species--is not to be mentioned with    
this1 of the self-denying ,cagliostro's 
diving into cellars1 and mounting into  
garrets1 to seek and to save--at the    
risk of not only life but comfort--the  
first of which happily was not thus     
sacrificed3--nor indeed on the whole was
 comfort lost sight of1 as the          
coach-and-four with liveries and        
sumptuosities bears witness4 ,there is  
often profound wisdom in this thing     
called public or newspaper charity4     
,does it--or does it not--pay8  ,the    
favorite of the gods1 he who holds high 
discourse with spirits1 and to whom is  
opened the hidden secret of earth and   
heaven1 finds ready acceptance--backed  

as he is by charities1 by elegancies3   
finds acceptance with the poor1 the     
ignorant to whom he ministers--but also 
with a mixture of sorrow and indignation
 it is recorded1 among the great--and   
not only they1 but among the learned1   
even physicians and naturalists4 ,it    
does not seem worth while to expend     
sorrow and indignation upon this fact1  
not at all new1 as we now fifty years   
farther along have discovered2 for we   
can show our physicians and naturalists1
 and also our priests and prophets1 in  
small crowds with whom marvels find     
acceptance4 ,we shall see more of them  
by and by4  ,but one among the rich and 
great1 was the ,cardinal ,prince ,count 
,rohan1 ,archbishop of ,strasburg4      
,open-handed dupe1 as some term him--now
 out of favor with the ,queen ,marie    
,antoinette 7after that beheaded and    
called unfortunate74 ,banished from his 
beloved ,paris and the sunshine of      
royalty1 what should he do but to regain
 his pedestal8 necessary no doubt1 for  

the glory of ,god1 and his church2      
necessary at least for the ,count       
,rohan4 ,cagliostro is all powerful--he 
will help the ,cardinal ,prince--not    
only by philters and charms1 but by     
prophecies from the gods1 who speaking  
through their earthly oracle1 will of   
course 7it paying best71 promise success
 and not failure4 ,the ,archbishop tries
 all things1 and at last the far-famed  
diamond necklace1 upon the queen1 which 
no woman's heart can withstand1 not even
 the queen's4 ,sad to tell1 the         
miserable queen knew nothing of the     
necklace2 and only the ,md'lle ,de la   
,motte1 styled countess1 by superior    
arts had outjuggled ,cagliostro himself1
 ,cardinal ,rohan1 queen and all3 the   
diamonds were gone--the queen's         
character blackened1 cardinal1 cophta1  
and countess1 all in the ,bastille1     
where they lay some nine months 7year   
#agha71 disastrous months1 when high    
science wasted itself in eating out its 
own heart4 ,cagliostro escaped1 was let 

go--but a plundered1 banished1 suspected
 high priest1 was quite another thing   
from a golden cophta1 with the foreign  
coat-of-arms1 serene countess--and open 
purse relieving the unfortunate4        
,cagliostro now flits to ,england1 to   
,bale1 to ,brienne1 to ,aix1 to ,turin1 
he wanders hither and thither2 we cannot
 follow him4 ,the end of all1 the lofty 
and the low1 must come--that seems      
drawing near to ,cagliostro too--but    
how8 not in ruddy splendor as of        
departing day1 not quiet1 serene1 as of 
nature sinking to rest--rather like the 
disastrous death of the bleeding shark  
it seems3 his brethren1 his friends---  
sharks of his own kind1 of all kinds1   
high and low--rush upon the wounded     
shark1 as to a banquet to which they    
were bidden4 ,he is exiled here1 he is  
persecuted there--imprisonment1 despair1
 degradation haunt him--the houseless1  
unfortunate--now vagabond1 once         
renovator of the human race1 and friend 
of lords and friend of gods and princes4

 ,such is gratitude6 such is popular    
favor6 a thing to be bought and         
bargained for1 to be given when not     
needed4 ,such1 no doubt1 ,cagliostro    
decided6  ,he is sore bested1 and begins
 to confess himself to priests1 for a   
man must do something in his extremity4 
,it avails him not2 he is at last in the
 gripe of the holy ,inquisition at      
,rome1 in the year of our ,lord1 #aghi1 
,december #bi1 and must match himself   
with a power which this world knows     
something of3 face to face1 hand to     
hand1 at last4 ,have they juggles equal 
to his juggles1 miracles equal to       
his--high science equal to his--legions 
of angels equal to his8--enough that    
they have dungeons1 and sbirri--and in  
his case1 hearts harder than the nether 
mill-stone--not to be softened by       
demands for religious books--assertions 
of the divinity of the ,egyptian        
,masonry--promises of wonderful         
revelations--oaths1 flatteries1 or any  
of the mystic paraphernalia of the now  

powerless professor and prophet3 they   
will not let him out6 but rather will   
introduce him to a new art1 that of     
becoming a ,christian1 and get him1 the 
toughest in a tough time1 into heaven as
 they best can4 ,did they find ,loyola's
 twenty days sufficient1 and was the    
article then turned out of hand complete
 for that other state8 ,the ,inquisition
 biographer does not dwell upon this1 it
 was perhaps as well4 ,we learn at last 
that he died in the year #agie1 and     
went1 the writer says1 ,whither no man  
knows6 ,so ended a ,magician6  ,,new    
,,haven1 ,feb41 #aheb4  ,,footnotes3  #a
 ,t4 ,carlyle4     ,,bitter ,,words4    
,,written ,,for ,,the ,,international   
,,magazine1  ,,by ,r4 ,h4 ,,stoddard4   
,bitter words are easy spoken2          
,not so easily forgot2     ,hearts it   
may be can be broken--       ,mine      
cannot6      ,when thou lovest me ,i    
adore thee2       ,hating1 ,i can hate  
thee too2     ,but ,i will not bow      
before thee--       ,will not sue6      

,even now1 without endeavor1       ,thou
 hast wounded so my pride1     ,i could 
leave thee1 and for ever--       ,though
 ,i died6     ,,the ,,murder ,,of       
,,latour4  ,,written ,,for ,,the        
,,international ,,monthly ,,magazine1   
,,by ,,hon4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,stiles4#b   ,the  
cabinet remained in deliberation at the 
,ministry of ,war1 situated at the      
corner of the square called the ,hof4   
,the tide of insurrection now rose to an
 unconquerable height4 ,the nearest     
shots of the retiring cannons1 the      
advancing shouts of the infuriated      
people1 warned the ministers that all   
defence was rapidly becoming hopeless4  
,the building itself still offered some 
means of resistance1 and there were two 
cannons in the court2 but at that crisis
 was issued a written order1 signed by  
,latour and ,wessenberg1 to cease the   
fire at all points1 and given to        
officers for distribution4#c ,it was in 
vain4 ,the popular torrent rolled on    
toward the seat of government1 which was

 destined ere long to be disgraced by   
atrocious crime4 ,the minister of war1  
,count ,latour1 prepared for defence4   
,the military on guard in front of the  
war office were withdrawn into the      
yards1 with two pieces of artillery     
loaded with grape4 ,the gates were      
closed1 the military distributed to the 
different threatened points1 and the    
cannons directed towards the two gates2 
soon the scene of battle had reached the
 ,bogner ,gasse1 immediately under the  
windows of the war department2 the      
ministers in consultation heard the cry1
 ,the military retreat4 ,the great      
square of the ,hof was soon cleared1 the
 soldiers retiring by the way of the    
,freyung4 ,the guards and academic      
legion pursuing2 the military           
commander's quarters in the ,freyung are
 soon captured4 ,the retiring military  
not being able to escape through the    
,schotten-,thor1 as they had expected1  
that gate being closed and barricaded1  
they cut their way through the ,herrn   

,gasse4  ,so intent were the respective 
combatants1 either in retreat or        
pursuit1 that the whole tempest of war  
swept over the ,hof1 and left that      
square1 for a short time1 deserted and  
silent4  ,but that stillness was but of 
short duration2 a few moments only had  
elapsed1 when a number of straggling    
guards1 students1 and people1 came      
stealing silently from the ,graben1     
through the ,bogner1 ,naglus1 and       
,glosken ,gasse1 on to the ,hof1 and    
removed the dead and the wounded into   
the neighboring dwellings1 and into the 
deserted guard-house in the war         
department4 ,these were soon followed by
 a fierce and noisy mob1 armed with     
axes1 pikes1 and iron bars1 which halted
 before the war office1 and began to    
thunder at its massive doors4  ,the     
officer of ordnance in vain attempted to
 communicate to the crowd the order of  
the ministry1 that all firing should    
cease4 ,a member of the academic legion1
 from the window1 over the gateway1     

waved with a white handkerchief to the  
tumultuous masses1 and1 exhibiting the  
order signed by ,latour and ,wessenberg1
 read its contents to the crowd4  ,but a
 pacification was not to be thought of2 
the people were too excited1 their fury 
could only be appeased by blood2 that   
delayed measure was not sufficient2 they
 made negative gesticulations1 and      
summoned the student to come down and   
open the portals to their admission4    
,the tumult increased from minute to    
minute2 the closed doors at length gave 
way under the axes of the mob1 and the  
people streamed in1 led by a man in a   
light gray coat4  ,the secretary of war1
 having by this time abandoned the idea 
of defence1 on the ground either that it
 was useless or impolitic1 no shots were
 fired or active resistance offered2 but
 the orderlies with their horses retired
 to the stables1 and the grenadiers into
 an inner court4 ,at first only single  
individuals entered1 and their course   
was not characterized by violence2 then 

groups1 proceeding slowly1 listening1   
and searching2 and1 at last the         
tumultuous masses thundered in the rear4
  ,ere long the cry rung on the broad   
staircase1 ,where is ,latour8 he must   
die6 ,at this moment the ministers and  
their followers in the building1 with   
the exception of ,latour himself1 found 
means to escape1 or mingled with the    
throng4 ,the deputies1 ,smolka1         
,borrosch1 ,goldmark1 and ,sierakowski1 
who had undertaken to guarantee         
protection to the threatened ministers1 
arrived in the hope of restraining the  
mob4 ,the numerous corridors and        
cabinets of the war office 7formerly a  
monastery of the ,jesuits7 were filled  
with the crowd2 the tide of insurrection
 now rose to an uncontrollable height2  
and the danger of ,latour became every  
moment more imminent4  ,the generals who
 were with him1 perceiving the peril1   
entreated him to throw himself upon the 
,nassau regiment or the ,dutch ,meister 
grenadiers1 and retreat to their        

barracks4 ,he scorned the proposal1     
denied the danger1 and even refused1 for
 some time1 to change his uniform for a 
civilian's dress1 until the hazard      
becoming more evident1 he put on plain  
clothes1 and went up into a small room  
in the roof of the building1 where he   
soon after signed a paper declaring     
that1 with his majesty's consent1 he was
 ready to resign the office of minister 
of war4 ,a ,tecnicker1 named ,ranch1#d  
who1 it was said1 had come to relieve   
the secretary of war1 was seized and    
hung in the court by his own scarf1 but 
fortunately cut down by a ,national     
,guard before life was extinct4 ,the mob
 rushed into the private apartment of   
the minister1 but plundered it merely of
 the papers1 which were conveyed to the 
university4 ,they came with a sterner   
purpose4 ,the act of resignation1       
exhibited to the crowd by the deputy    
,smolka1 was scornfully received by the 
people1 while the freshness of the      
writing1 the sand adhering still to the 

ink1 betrayed the proximity of the hand 
which had just traced it4 ,meanwhile1   
the crowd had penetrated the corridors  
of the fourth story1 and were not long  
in discovering the place of ,latour's   
concealment4 ,hearing their approach1   
and recognizing the voice of ,smolka1   
vice-president of the assembly1 who was 
doubtless anxious to protect him1       
,latour came out of his retreat4  ,they 
descended together from the fourth story
 by a narrow stairway1 on the right-hand
 side of the building1 and entered the  
yard by the pump4 ,at each successive   
landing place1 the tumult and the crowd 
increased2 but the descent was slow1 and
 rendered more and more difficult by the
 numbers which joined the crowd at every
 turn of the stairs4 ,at length they    
reached the court below1 and ,count     
,latour1 although he had been severely  
pressed1 was still unhurt2 but here the 
populace1 which awaited them1 broke in  
upon the group that still clustered     
around ,latour1 and dispersed it4 ,in   

vain did the deputies1 ,smolka and      
,sierakowski1 endeavor to protect the   
minister2 in vain did the ,count        
,leopold ,gondrecourt attempt to cover  
him by the exposure of his own body4 ,a 
workman struck the hat from his head2   
others pulled him by his gray locks1 he 
defending himself with his hands1 which 
were already bleeding4 ,at length a     
ruffian1 disguised as a ,magyar1 gave   
him1 from behind1 a mortal blow with a  
hammer1 the man in the gray coat cleft  
his face with a sabre1 and another      
plunged a bayonet into his heart4 ,a    
hundred wounds followed1 and1 with the  
words1 ,i die innocent6 he gave up his  
loyal and manly spirit4 ,a cry of       
exultation from the assembled crowd rent
 the air at this event4 ,every indignity
 was offered to his body2 before he had 
ceased to breathe even1 they hung him by
 a cord to the grating of a window in   
the court of the war office4 ,he had    
been suspended there but a few minutes  
when1 from the outrages committed on it1

 the body fell4  ,they then dragged it  
to the ,hof1 and suspended it to one of 
the bronze candelabras that adorn that  
extensive1 and much frequented square1  
and there treated it with every         
indignity2 it remained for fourteen     
hours exposed to the gaze of a mocking  
populace4  ,,footnotes3  #b ,a chapter  
from ,mr4 ,stiles's forthcoming work on 
,austria1 which we have mentioned       
elsewhere in this number of the         
,international4  #c ,the last order     
issued by the unfortunate ,latour was   
instructed to ,colonel ,gustave         
,schindler1 of the imperial engineers1  
an efficient officer1 as well as a most 
amiable and accomplished gentleman1 and 
one well and favourably known in the    
,united ,states1 from his kind attention
 to ,americans who have visited the     
,austrian capital4 ,the colonel was in  
the act of passing out of the great door
 of the war office1 which opens on the  
,hof1 when the mob reached that spot4   
,recognized by his imperial uniform1 he 

was instantly surrounded and attacked4  
,he received many blows on the head1    
inflicted by the crowd with clubs and   
iron bars2 was most severely wounded1   
and would probably have been killed but 
for the timely interference of one of   
the rabble1 who1 riding up on horseback 
between the colonel and the mob1        
shielded him from further blow1 and     
finally effected his escape4  #d ,a     
student of the ,polytechnic school1 for 
brevity1 usually called ,tecnickers4    
,,some ,,small ,,poems4  ,,written ,,for
 ,,the ,,international ,,monthly        
,,magazine1  ,,by ,r4 ,h4 ,,stoddard4   
,,song4      ,i hung upon your breast in
 pain1     ,and poured my kisses there  
like rain2     ,a flood of tears1 a     
cloud of fire1     ,that fed and stifled
 wild desire1     ,and lay like death   
upon my heart1     ,to think that we    
must learn to path2     ,for we must    
part1 and live apart6      ,had ,i1 that
 hour of dark unrest1     ,but plunged a
 dagger in your breast     ,and in mine 

own1 it had been well2     ,for now ,i  
had been spared the hell     ,that racks
 my lone and loving heart1     ,to think
 that we must learn to part2--     ,for 
we must part1 and die apart6            
,,lu ,,lu4      ,the shining cloud that 
broods above the hill1     ,casts down  
its shadows over all the lawns1     ,the
 snowy swan is sailing out to sea1      
,leaving behind a ruffled surge of      
light6     ,lu ,lu is like a cloud in   
memory1     ,and shades the ancient     
brightness of my mind3     ,a swan upon 
the ocean of my heart1     ,floating    
along a path of golden thought6         
,the light of evening slants adown the  
sky1     ,poured from the inner folds of
 western cloud2     ,but in the cast    
there is a spot of blue1     ,and in    
that heavenly spot the evening star6    
,the tresses of ,lu ,lu are like the    
light1     ,gushing from out her turban 
down her neck2     ,and like that ,eye  
of heaven1 her mild blue eye1     ,and  
in its deeps there hangs a starry tear6 

,,those ,,who ,,love ,,like ,,me4       
,those who love like me1       ,when    
their meeting ends     ,friends can     
hardly be1       ,but less or more than 
friends6      ,with common words1 and   
smiles1       ,we cannot meet1 and part1
     ,for something will prevent--      
,something in the heart6      ,the      
thought of other days1       ,the dream 
of other years2     ,with other words1  
and smiles1       ,and other sighs and  
tears6      ,for all who love like me1  
,when their parting ends1     ,friends  
must never be1       ,but more or less  
than friends6               ,,to ,,the  
,,winds      ,blow fair to-day1 ye      
changing ,winds6       ,and smooth the  
story sea2     ,for now ye waft a sacred
 bark1       ,and bear a friend from me4
     ,from you he flies1 ye ,northern   
,winds1       ,your ,southern mates to  
seek2     ,so urge his keel until he    
feels       ,their kisses on his cheek3 
,and when their tropic kisses warm1     
,and tropic skies impart1     ,their    

floods of sunshine to his veins1        
,their gladness to his heart--     ,blow
 fair again1 ye happy ,winds6       ,and
 smooth again the sea1     ,for then    
ye'll waft the blessed bark1       ,and 
bear my friend to me6       ,,wind ,,of 
,,summer1 ,,murmur ,,low4      ,wind of 
summer1 murmur low1     ,where the      
charmed waters flow1     ,while the     
songs of day are dying1     ,and the    
bees are homeward flying1     ,as the   
breezes come and go4     ,come and go1  
hum and blow1     ,winds of summer1     
sweet and low1     ,ere my lover sinks  
to rest1     ,while he lies upon my     
breast1     ,kiss his forehead1 pale and
 fair1     ,kiss the ringlets of his    
hair1     ,kiss his heavy-lidded eyes1  
,where the mist of slumber lies2        
,kiss his throat1 his cheek1 his brow1  
,and his red1 red lips1 as ,i do now1   
,while he sleeps so sound and slow1     
,on the heart that loves him so1        
,dreaming of the sad1 and olden1        
,and the loving1 and the golden         

,wind of summers long ago6     ,,the    
,,late ,,eliot ,,warburton4   ,the      
melancholy fate of the author of ,the   
,crescent and the ,cross1 ,canada1      
,darien1 c41 has been stated in these   
pages4 ,in ,great ,britain1 where he was
 well known and highly esteemed by      
literary men1 there have been many      
feeling and apparently just tributes to 
his memory1 one of the most interesting 
of which is a memoir in the ,dublin     
,university ,magazine1 from which we    
transcribe the following paragraphs3    
,it was during an extended tour in the  
,mediterranean about      ten years ago1
 that ,mr4 ,warburton sent some sheets  
of      manuscript notes to ,mr4 ,lever1
 at that time ,editor of the            
,dublin ,university ,magazine4 ,these at
 once caught that      gentleman's      
attention1 and he gladly gave them      
publicity1      under the title of      
,episodes of ,eastern ,travel1 in       
successive numbers of the magazine1     
where they were      universally admired

 for the grace and liveliness of their  
style4 ,mr4 ,lever1 however1 soon saw   
that though for the      purposes of his
 periodical these papers were extremely 
valuable1 the author was not consulting 
his own best      interests by          
continuing to give his travels to the   
world in      that form2 and1 with      
generous disinterestedness1 advised him 
to collect what he had already          
published1 and the remainder      of his
 notes1 and make a book of the whole4   
,mr4 ,warburton      followed his       
advice1 entered into terms with ,mr4    
,colburn1      and published his travels
 under the title of ',the ,crescent     
and the ,cross4'       ,of this book it 
is needless for us to speak4 ,in spite  
of      the formidable rivalry of an    
',eothen1' which appeared about      the
 same time1 it sprang at once into      
public favor1 and is      one of the    
very few books of modern travels of     
which the      sale has continued       
uninterrupted through successive        

editions      to the present time4 ,were
 we to pronounce upon the secret of     
its success1 we should lay it to its    
perfect      right-mindedness4 ,a       
changeful truth1 a versatile propriety  
of feeling initiates the author1 as it  
were1 into the heart      of each       
successive subject2 and we find him as  
profoundly      impressed with the      
genius of the ,holy ,land1 as he is     
steeped1 in the proper place1 in the    
slumberous influences      of the dreamy
 ,nile1 upon whose bosom he rocks his   
readers      into a trance1 to be       
awakened only by the gladsome           
originality of these melodies which come
 mirthfully on their      ears from     
either bank4 ,and1 we may observe in    
passing1 it is      precisely the want  
of this1 which prevents the             
indisputable power and grace of         
',eothen' from having their      full   
effect with the public4       ,passages 
of beauty1 almost of sublimity1 stand   
isolated      from our sympathies by the

 interposed cynicism of a few           
caustic remarks2 and scenes of the      
world's most ancient      reverence and 
worship become needlessly disenchanted  
under      the spell of some skeptical  
sneer4       ,but we must not turn aside
 to criticise4 ,since the               
publication of the ',crescent and the   
,cross1' ,mr4 ,warburton      has       
written1 or edited1 a number of works1  
some historical1      others of fiction1
 of which his last romance1 ',darien1'  
only      appeared as he was on the eve 
of departing on the fatal      voyage4  
,it has been remarked as a singular     
circumstance1      that in this tale has
 prefigured his own fate4 ,a burning    
ship is described in terms which would  
have served as a      picture of the    
frightful reality he was himself doomed 
to      witness4 ,the coincidence1      
casual as it is1 has imparted a         
melancholy interest to that story1 which
 will long be wept      over as the     
parting and presaging legacy of a gifted

 spirit1      prematurely snatched away4
       ,these lighter effusions most    
probably grew out of the      craving of
 the publishers for the prestige of his 
name1      already found to be valuable 
even on title-pages2 and the      ready 
market they commanded could not but     
prove an      excitement to continue and
 multiply them4 ,this might be          
considered in an ulterior sense         
unfortunate2 for we are      inclined to
 think that the true bent of ,mr4       
,warburton's      mind1 if not of his   
talents1 was towards graver and less    
imaginative studies2 and we know that   
this propensity was      growing upon   
him with maturer years and soberer      
reflections4       ,it is not           
exclusively from the bearing of his     
researches      and the general drift of
 his correspondence that we infer       
this2 though both set latterly in that  
direction4 ,he had for      some time   
been actually at work with definite     
objects in      view4 ,one subject which

 he took up warmly was a ,british       
,history of ,ireland2 that is1 a history
 intended to deal      impartial justice
 between the ,irish people on the one   
side1      and the ,british empire on   
the other2 reviewing the politics       
of successive periods1 neither from the 
,irish nor the      ,english side of the
 question1 but with reference to the    
general interests of the whole4         
,the task1 would have proved an arduous 
one1 under any                          
circumstances--perhaps an invidious one2
 but what was worse1      even when     
accomplished1 the book might have turned
 out a      dull affair4 ,so1 with a    
view to lightening the reading1 he      
had proposed to embody with it memoirs  
of the ,viceroys1 thus      keeping the 
,british connection prominent1 while    
enlivening      the pages with          
biographical touches4       ,acting on  
these ideas1 he had actually begun a    
',history of      the ,viceroys' in     
conjunction with a literary friend1 and 

was      only deterred from prosecuting 
it by the apathy1 or rather             
discouragement1 of the ,london          
publishers1 who felt no      inclination
 to venture upon an ,irish historical   
speculation4      ,unfortunately1       
neither he nor his friend could afford  
to      pursue the task gratuitously1   
and it was accordingly      abandoned4  
,still later1 he employed himself in    
collecting materials      for a ,history
 of the ,poor--a vast theme2 perhaps too
 vast      for a single intellect to    
grasp4 ,to him1 however1 it was a       
labor of love2 and he had succeeded in  
getting together a      considerable    
mass of curious and valuable material   
pour      servir4 ,his last visit to his
 native country had researches      of  
this nature for one of its objects2 and 
we are sure many      persons connected 
with the charitable institutions of     
,dublin1 will recollect the persevering 
zeal with which he      visited the     
haunts of poverty1 as well as the       

asylums for      its relief1 noting down
 every thing which might prove          
afterwards serviceable on that          
suggestive topic4       ,with an        
upwelling of philanthropy so pure and   
perennial as      this1 the preliminary 
investigations could have been only a   
delight to him4 ,other men might be     
forced to them as a      revolting duty2
 he chose the inquiry1 with very dubious
      hopes of bettering himself by     
prosecuting it1 because his      heart  
was full of compassion1 and he thought  
he might do      good4 ,we repeat1 what 
we can state from personal knowledge1   
that the bent of ,mr4 ,warburton's mind 
was latterly towards      works of      
general utility2 and it is with great   
satisfaction      we learn1 what we had 
not been aware of until the public      
papers announced it1 that his projected 
visit to the ,new      ,world was a     
mission1 in which the interests of      
humanity were      to have in him an    
advocate and champion4       ,into his  

private life we feel that1 under present
      circumstances1 it would be        
indelicate1 as well as out of           
place1 to enter4 ,surrounded as he was  
with all the blessings      which the   
domestic relations can bestow1 beloved  
by his      intimates1 caressed by the  
gifted and the good1 ,eliot             
,warburton lived the centre of a        
radiating circle of      happiness4 ,his
 personal qualities were of no common   
order4      ,his society was eagerly    
sought after4 ,with a fastidious        
lassitude of air1 and an apparent       
disinclination to      exertion1 he     
possessed remarkable force of thought   
and      fluency of diction2 and it was 
no uncommon thing to see him1      when 
he had begun to relate passages from his
 experience in      foreign countries1  
or adventures in his own1 the centre of 
a      gradually increasing audience1   
amidst which he sat1      improvisating 
a sort of romantic recitation1 until he 
was      completely carried away on the 

current of his own eloquence1      and  
lost every sense of where he was or what
 he was doing1      in the enthusiasm he
 had fanned up and saw reflected around 
him4 ,this power was a peculiar gift2   
and he loved to      exercise it4 ,in   
this form many of his happiest effusions
      have been given utterance to2 and 
every body who has heard      him at    
such inspired moments has felt regret   
that the      brilliant bursts which so 
delighted him1 should have been         
stamped upon no more retentive tablets  
than the ears of      ordinary          
listeners4       ,of this amiable1      
refined and gifted individual1 we are   
afraid to speak as warmly as our heart  
would dictate4 ,before      us lie the  
few hasty lines--but not too hurried to 
be the      channel of a parting        
kindness--scrawled to us on the first   
day of this year--the last day the      
writer was ever to pass      in         
,england4 ,they are1 perhaps1 amongst   
the latest words he      ever wrote4 ',i

 am off1' they run 'for the ,west       
,indies      to-morrow4 ,but ,i have    
accomplished your affair4' ,oh1         
vanity of human purpose6 ,man           
proposes--,god disposes4 ,we were       
next to hear of him1 standing on the    
deck of the burning      vessel in the  
,atlantic1 alone with the captain1 after
 every      other soul had disappeared1 
surveying--we feel convinced1      with 
a courage of a lion--the awful twofold  
death close      before him1 and which  
he had in probability deliberately      
preferred to an early relinquishment of 
his companions to      their fate4 ,it  
is a fine picture--one that shall every 
hang      framed with his image in our  
memory2 helping us to believe      that 
'-----,lycidas our sorrow is not dead4  
,sunk though he be beneath the watery   
flood1'--       ,but that he hath       
mounted to a higher sphere--            
',through the dear might of ,him that   
walked the waves4'     ,,author ,,of    
,,the ,,fool ,,of ,,quality4   ,of the  

interesting papers in the ,february     
,dublin ,university ,magazine1 we have  
read none with more satisfaction than   
the biographical sketch and portrait of 
one of the most distinguished ,irishmen 
of his own or any age1 the gifted and   
pure minded author of ,gustavus ,vasa   
and ,the ,fool of ,quality1 ,,henry     
,,brooke4 ,of his literary fate it might
 be said that the most unfortunate thing
 he did was to assert the patriotism of 
,dean ,swift2 and the most unfortunate  
thing was to be left out of ,doctor     
,johnson's ,lives of the ,poets4 ,trials
 had he to undergo1 although not        
absolutely driven to the wall1 like many
 children of the fatal dowry1 and those 
of ,irish complexion1 in particular2 but
 he bravely bore up against them4 ,those
 who deem that relatives may live more  
happily apart1 and that friendship is   
best preserved in full dress1 may look  
at the picture of ,henry ,brooke1 the   
poet and politician1 and ,robert        
,brooke1 the painter1 with their wives  

and children1 not less than twenty1     
living together in perfect peace and    
amity at ,daisy ,park1 in the flattest  
part of ,kildare1 where1 in those dull  
seats and distant times1 a family breeze
 might now and then have been looked on 
in the ,irish sense as a convenience and
 a comfort4 ,while ,henry wrote1 says   
the biographer1 ,robert painted1 and    
sold his pictures2 and thus these two   
loving brothers1 having lost their      
property1 made a right and manful use of
 their intellectual gifts1 and supported
 their large families by the sweat of   
their brows4       ,in his politics1    
,brooke was of the old whig school2 and1
      had he lived in #ahbi1 he would   
probably have been an      emancipator4 
,he was a right-minded1 ardent ,irishman
 in his      love for fatherland2 hated 
oppression2 idolized liberty2      wrote
 most keenly against ,poyning's infamous
 laws2 mourned      over the misrule and
 misgovernment of his country1 under the
      tyranny and rapacity of the       

,stuart dynasty2 admired ,king          
,william1 and was an exulting           
,protestant2 yet greatly loved      his 
,roman ,catholic neighbors1 and would   
preserve to them      their properties1 
though he disliked their principles1 and
      deprecated their ascendency4  ,dr4
 ,johnson's feelings respecting ,brooke 
are accounted for1 not improbably1 as   
follows3       ,it may be asked why did 
,dr4 ,johnson exclude ,brooke from his  
',lives of the ,poets1' where so many   
names of little note are      to be     
found8 ,in #agci1 ,johnson had written  
in ,brooke's praise      in his         
',complete ,vindication1' and twenty    
years afterwards1      when the learned 
,dr4 ,campbell showed a spirited        
',prospectus      of a ,history of      
,ireland' written by him1 to the great  
moralist1 he read it with much pleasure 
and praise1 saying      that 'every line
 breathed the true fire of genius4' ,it 
is      recorded that1 on this occasion1
 ,johnson lamented that 'the      vanity

 of ,irishmen1 even if their patriotism 
were extinct1      did not enable       
,brooke to carry his design into        
execution4'      ,in ,johnson's letter  
to ,charles ,o',connor we have his mind 
on      the subject4 ,to ,brooke he     
appears never to have written2          
there had been an ancient quarrel       
between them4 ,they had      argued and 
disagreed2 and the traditionary story in
 ,brooke's      family bears so heavily 
on the manner of the philosopher1       
and is so flattering to the courtesy of 
the poet1 that we      should prefer not
 to write it down4 ,brooke was at all   
times      strangely careless of fame2  
independent to a fault1 and more        
proud than vain2 and though much urged  
by his friends to      humble himself1  
yet he could not be induced to 'bow     
down' to      the cap of this literary  
,gesler1 much as he regarded his        
learning and noble intellect4 ,this     
dislike of the ,doctor      continued   
during his life2 and ,boswell narrates  

that on the      occasion of a play     
being read to him 7it was ,brooke's     
,gustavus ,vasa7 and a circle of        
friends1 on coming to the      line--   
,who rules o'er free men should himself 
be free6'       the company applauded1  
but ,johnson said it might as well be   
said--      ',who drives fat oxen should
 himself be fat--'       a stupid and   
inapt verbal sophism1 and unworthy of   
his great      and good mind2 but such  
was often his way4 ,in this fashion     
one might string endless parodies on the
 line1 and equally      inapplicable2   
for example3--      ',who keeps a       
madhouse should himself be mad6'        
,mr4 ,brooke's elegant and honest mind  
probably had in view      that word of  
,scripture which saith1 'he that ruleth 
his own      spirit is better than he   
who taketh a city'--7,prov4 xvi4        
#cb47  ,by this unhappy difference      
,brooke lost his ,johnsonian niche in   
the temple of biographical fame4 ,yet we
 must remember that a better fate was   

his1--'his record is on high1'--and his 
spirit with that ,saviour who loved him 
and made him what he was4 ,faults and   
inconsistency were in him1 no doubt1 but
 still we know not of any of whom it    
could be so well and suitably said--    
',his life was gentle1 and the elements 
,so mixed him1 that ,nature might stand 
up     ,and say to all the world1 ',this
 was a man4'     ,,bancroft',s          
,,american ,,revolution4#e  ,from the   
,westminster ,review4   ,among the      
historians who have attained a high and 
deserved reputation in the ,united      
,states1 within the last few years1 we  
are inclined to yield the first place to
 ,george ,bancroft4 ,his great work on  
the history of the ,united ,states has  
been brought down from the commencement 
of ,american colonization to the opening
 of the ,revolutionary ,war1 to which   
subject it is understood that he intends
 devoting the three succeeding volumes4 
,his researches in the public offices of
 ,england1 while he was ,minister of the

 ,united ,states at the ,court of ,st4  
,james1 have brought to light a great   
mass of documentary evidence on the     
antecedents and course of the           
,revolution1 which have not yet been    
made public4 ,with his critical sagacity
 in sifting evidence1 his hound-like    
instinct in scenting every particle of  
testimony that can lead him on the      
right-track1 and his plastic skill in   
moulding the most confused and          
discordant materials into a compact1    
symmetrical1 and truthful narrative1 he 
cannot fail to present the story of that
 great historical drama with a          
freshness1 accuracy1 and artistic       
beauty1 worthy of the immortal events   
which it commemorates4 ,mr4 ,bancroft is
 now exclusively occupied in the        
completion of this work4 ,he pursues it 
with the drudging fidelity of a         
mechanical laborer1 combined with the   
enthusiasm of a poet and the            
comprehensive wisdom of a statesman4    
,with strong social tastes1 he gives    

little time to society4 ,his favorite   
post is in his library1 where he labors 
the live-long day in the spirit of the  
ancient artist1 ,nulla dies sine linea4 
,his experience in political and        
diplomatic life1 no less than his rare  
and generous culture1 and his singular  
union of the highest mental faculties1  
enable us to predict with confidence    
that this work will be reckoned among   
the genuine masterpieces of historical  
genius4 ,the volumes of the ,history of 
the ,united ,states already published1  
are well known to intelligent readers   
both in ,great ,britain and ,america4   
,they are distinguished for their       
compact brevity of statement1 their     
terse and vigorous diction1 their       
brilliant panoramic views1 and the      
boldness and grace of their sketches of 
personal character4 ,a still higher     
praise may be awarded to this history   
for the tenacity with which it clings to
 the dominant and inspiring idea of     
which it records the development4       

,whoever reads it without comprehending 
the standpoint of the author1 is liable 
to disappointment4 ,for it must be      
confessed that as a mere narrative of   
events1 the preference may be given to  
the productions of far inferior authors4
 ,but it is to be regarded as an epic in
 prose of the triumph of freedom4 ,this 
noble principle is considered by ,mr4   
,bancroft as an essential attribute of  
the soul1 necessarily asserting itself  
in proportion to the spiritual supremacy
 which has been achieved4 ,the history1 
then1 is devoted to the illustration of 
the progress of freedom1 as an out-birth
 of the spontaneous action of the soul4 
,it is in this point of view that the   
remarkable chapters on the              
,massachusetts ,pilgrims1 the           
,pennsylvania ,quakers1 and the ,north  
,american ,indians1 were written2 and   
their full purport1 their profound      
significance1 can only be appreciated by
 readers whose minds possess at least   
the seeds of sympathy and cognateness   

with this sublime philosophy4 ,the      
chapter on the ,quakers is a pregnant   
psychological treatise4 ,sparkling all  
over with the electric lights of a rich 
humanitary philosophy1 it invests the   
theologic visions of ,fox and ,barclay  
with a radiance and beauty which have   
been ill-preserved in the formal and    
lifeless organic systems of their       
successors4 ,the parallel run by the    
historian between ,william ,penn and    
,john ,locke is one of the most         
characteristic productions of his       
peculiar genius4 ,original1 subtle1     
suggestive1 crowded with matter and     
frugal of words1 it brings out the      
distinctive features of the spiritual   
and mechanical schools in the persons of
 two of their 'representative men1' with
 a breadth and reality which is seldom  
found in philosophical portraitures4    
,mr4 ,bancroft was the son of an eminent
 ,unitarian clergyman in ,worcester1    
,massachusetts4 ,he was born about the  
beginning of the present century1 and is

 consequently a little more than fifty  
years of age4 ,he graduated at ,harvard 
,university1 with distinguished honors1 
before he had completed his fifteenth   
year4 ,soon after he sailed for ,europe1
 and continued his studies at the       
,german ,universities1 returning to his 
own country just before the attainment  
of his majority4 ,devoting himself for  
several years to literary and           
educational pursuits1 he acquired a     
brilliant reputation as a poet1 critic1 
and essayist2 and at a subsequent       
period1 entering the career of politics1
 he has signalized himself by his       
attachment to democratic ideas1 and the 
eloquence and force with which on all   
occasions he has sustained the          
principles with the prevalence of which 
he identifies the progress of humanity4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,from the ,athenaeum4  ,the further this
 work proceeds1 the more do we feel that
 it must take its place as an           
essentially satisfactory history of the 

,united ,states4 ,mr4 ,bancroft is      
thoroughly ,american in thought and in  
feeling1 without ceasing to have those  
larger views and nobler sympathies which
 result from cosmopolitan rather than   
from local training4 ,his style is      
original and national4 ,it breathes of  
the mountain and the prairie--of the    
great lakes and wild savannahs of his   
native land4 ,a strain of wild and      
forest-like music swells up in almost   
every line4 ,the story is told richly   
and vividly4 ,it has hitherto been      
thought by ,americans themselves1 even  
more than by ,europeans1 that the story 
of the ,english colonies presented but a
 dreary and lifeless succession of petty
 squabbles between the settlers and the 
crown officers--of unintelligible       
persecutions of each other on the ground
 of differences of opinion in religion4 
,mr4 ,bancroft has shown how ill founded
 has been this impression4 ,in his hands
 ,american history is full of fine      
effects4 ,steeped in the colors of his  

imagination1 a thousand incidents       
hitherto thought dull appear animated   
and pictorial4 ,between ,hildreth and   
,bancroft the difference is immense4 ,in
 the treatment of the former1 dates1    
facts1 events are duly stated--the      
criticism is keen1 the chronology       
indisputable1--but the figures do not   
live1 the narrative knows no march4 ,the
 latter is all movement4 ,his men glow  
with human purposes1--his story sweeps  
on with the exulting life of a          
procession4  ,yet because ,mr4 ,bancroft
 contrives to bring out the more        
romantic aspects of his theme1 it is not
 to be supposed that he fails in that   
strict regard to truth--truth of        
character as well as of incident--which 
is the historian's first duty1 and      
without which all other qualities are   
useless4 ,of all ,american writers who  
have written on the history of their own
 country1 we would pronounce him to be  
the most conscientious4 ,his former     
volumes were remarkable for the         

amplitude and accuracy of their         
references4 ,the authorities cited were 
often recondite and obscure1--yet it was
 evident that they had been sifted      
carefully and critically4 ,the same may 
be said of the volume before us4        
,careful research had enabled ,mr4      
,bancroft to throw new light on several 
points connected with the settlement and
 early history of his country4 ,as his  
dates approach nearer to the present    
time1 the sources of new information    
open on him in abundance4 ,the ,,ms1    
additions to our knowledge of the times 
treated of in these volumes are         
considerable2 but they are spread pretty
 fairly over the entire                 
narrative--lending a new light to the   
events and adding a new trait to the    
characters--rather than thrown into     
masses4 ,the effect produced is more    
that of greater roundness and completion
 than of absolute change in old         
historical verdicts4 ,we quote one out  
of innumerable instances of these minute

 but characteristic additions4 ,the     
historian is speaking of the ,duke of   
,newcastle1--whose ignorant government  
of the colonies was one of the chief    
sources of their discontent3--          
,for nearly four-and-twenty years he    
remained minister for      ,british     
,america2 yet to the last1 the          
statesman1 who was      deeply versed in
 the statistics of elections1 knew      
little of      the continent of which he
 was the guardian4 ,he addressed        
letters1 it used to be confidently said1
 to 'the island of      ,new ,england1' 
and could not tell but that ,jamaica was
 in the      ,mediterranean4 ,heaps of  
colonial memorials and letters          
remained unread in his office2 and a    
paper was almost sure      of neglect   
unless some agent remained with him to  
see it      opened4 ,his frivolous      
nature could never glow with            
affection1 or grasp a great idea1 or    
analyze complex      relations4 ,after  
long research1 ,i cannot find that he   

ever      once attended seriously to an 
,american question1 or had a      clear 
conception of one ,american measure4    
,walpole had told us that ,newcastle did
 not know where ,jamaica was3--the      
amusing address ,island of ,new ,england
 ,mr4 ,bancroft finds referred to in a  
manuscript letter of ,j4 ,q4 ,adams4 ,it
 serves to suggest that what is usually 
thought to be a joke of ,walpole's was  
probably the literal truth3--the man who
 is sufficiently innocent of geography  
to make ,new ,england an island1 would  
have no difficulty in confounding the   
,east and ,west ,indies4  ,in this      
volume we first meet with the great     
character who is to be the hero of the  
,revolution now looming before the      
reader4 ,mr4 ,bancroft treats us to no  
full-length portrait of ,george         
,washington3--instead of a picture he   
presents us with the man4 ,washington   
comes before us at twenty-one1--in the  
chamber of ,governor ,dinwiddie1 of     
,virginia2 from whom he is accepting a  

perilous but most important mission--to 
cross the forests1 rivers1 and mountains
 which separate ,williamsburg and ,lake 
,erie1 in the depths of a severe winter1
 and there endeavor to detach the       
,delaware ,indians from the ,french     
alliance4 ,all the elements of          
,washington's greatness--his courage1   
hardihood1 military prescience1 and     
merciful disposition--are stamped       
indelibly on this the first act of his  
public life3--       ,in the middle of  
,november1 with an interpreter and four 
attendants1 and ,christopher ,gist as a 
guide1 he left ,will's      ,creek1 and 
following the ,indian trace through     
forest      solitudes1 gloomy with the  
fallen leaves1 and solemn sadness       
of late autumn1 across mountains1 rocky 
ravines1 and      streams1 through sleet
 and snows1 he rode in nine days to     
the fork of the ,ohio4 ,how lonely was  
the spot1 where1 so      long unheeded  
of men1 the rapid ,allegheny met nearly 
at      right angles 'the deep and      

still' water of the ,monongahela6       
,at once ,washington foresaw the destiny
 of the place4 ',i      spent some      
time1' said he1 'in viewing the rivers2'
 'the      land in the ,fork has the    
absolute command of both4' ',the        
flat1 well-timbered land all around the 
point lies very      convenient for     
building4' ,after creating in           
imagination a      fortress and a city1 
he and his party swam their horses      
across the ,allegheny1 and wrapt their  
blankets around them      for the night1
 on its northwest bank4 ,from the ,fork 
the      chief of the ,delawares        
conducted ,washington through rich      
alluvial fields to the pleasing valley  
at ,logstown4 ,there      deserters from
 ,louisiana discoursed of the route from
 ,new      ,orleans to ,quebec1 by way  
of the ,wabash and the ,maumee1 and     
of a detachment from the lower province 
on its way to meet      the ,french     
troops from ,lake ,erie1 while          
,washington held      close colloquy    

with the half-king2 the one anxious to  
gain      the west as a part of the     
territory of the ancient dominion1      
the other to preserve it for the ,red   
,men4 ',we are brothers1'      said the 
half-king in council2 'we are one       
people2 ,i will      send back the      
,french speech-belt1 and will make the  
,shawnees      and the ,delawares do the
 same4' ,on the night of the            
twenty-ninth of ,november1 the          
council-fire was kindled an      aged   
orator was selected to address the      
,french the speech      which he was to 
deliver was debated and rehearsed2 it   
was      agreed that1 unless the ,french
 would heed this third warning      to  
quit the land1 the ,delawares also would
 be their enemies2      and a very large
 string of black and white wampun was   
sent      to the ,six ,nations as a     
prayer for aid4 ,after these            
preparations1 the party of ,washington1 
attended by the      half-king1 and     
envoys of the ,delawares1 moved onwards 

to the      post of the ,french at      
,venango4 ,the officers there avowed the
      purpose of taking possession of   
the ,ohio2 and they mingled      the    
praises of ,la ,salle with boasts of    
their forts at ,le      ,boeuf and      
,erie1 at ,niagara1 ,toronto1 and       
,frontenac4 ',the      ,english1' said  
they1 'can raise two men to our one2 but
 they      are too dilatory to prevent  
any enterprise of ours4' ,the           
,delawares were intimidated or          
debauched2 but the half-king      clung 
to ,washington like a brother1 and      
delivered up his      belt as he had    
promised4 ,the rains of ,december had   
swollen      the creeks4 ,the messengers
 could pass them only by felling        
trees for bridges4 ,thus they proceeded1
 now killing a buck      and now a bear1
 delayed by excessive rains and snows1  
by      mire and swamps1 while          
,washington's quick eye discerned all   
the richness of the meadows4 ,at        
,waterford1 the limit of his            

journey1 he found ,fort ,le ,boeuf      
defended by cannon4 ,around      it     
stood the barracks of the soldiers1 rude
 log-cabins1      roofed with bark4     
,fifty birch-bark canoes1 and one       
hundred      seventy boats of pine1 were
 already prepared for the descent       
of the river1 and materials were        
collected for building      more4 ,the  
,commander1 ,gardeur de ,st4 ,pierre1 an
 officer of      integrity and          
experience1 and1 for his dauntless      
courage1      both feared and beloved by
 the ,red ,men1 refused to discuss      
questions of right4 ',i am here1' said  
he1 'by the orders of      my general1  
to which ,i shall conform with exactness
 and      resolution4' ,and he avowed   
his purpose of seizing every            
,englishman within the ,ohio ,valley4   
,france was resolved on      possessing 
the great territory which her           
missionaries and      travellers had    
revealed to the world4 ,breaking away   
from      courtesies1 ,washington       

hastened homewards to ,virginia4 ,the   
rapid current of ,french ,creek dashed  
his party against      rocks2 in shallow
 places they waded1 the water congealing
 on      their clothes2 where the ice   
had lodged in the bend of the           
rivers1 they carried their canoe across 
the neck4 ,at      ,venango1 they found 
their horses1 but so weak1 the          
travellers went still on foot1 heedless 
of the storm4 ,the      cold increased  
very fast2 the paths grew 'worse by a   
deep      snow continually freezing4'   
,impatient to get back with his         
despatches1 the young envoy1 wrapping   
himself in an ,indian      dress1 with  
gun in hand and pack on his back1 the   
day after      ,christmas quitted the   
usual path1 and1 with ,gist for his     
sole companion1 by aid of the compass1  
steered the nearest      way across the 
country for the ,fork4 ,an ,indian1 who 
had lain      in wait for him1 fired at 
him from not fifteen steps'             
distance1 but1 missing him1 became his  

prisoner4 ',i would      have killed    
him1' wrote ,gist1 'but ,washington     
forbade4'      ,dismissing their captive
 at night1 they walked about half a     
mile1 then kindled a fire1 fixed their  
course by the      compass1 and         
continued travelling all night1 and all 
the      next day1 till quite dark4 ,not
 till then did the weary      wanderers 
'think themselves safe enough to sleep1'
 and they      encamped1 with no shelter
 but the leafless forest-tree4 ,on      
reaching the ,allegheny1 with one poor  
hatchet and a whole      day's work1 a  
raft was constructed and launched4 ,but 
before      they were half over the     
river1 they were caught in the          
running ice1 expecting every moment to  
be crushed1 unable to      reach either 
shore4 ,putting out the setting-pole to 
stop the      raft1 ,washington was     
jerked into the deep water1 and saved   
himself only by grasping at the         
raft-logs4 ,they were obliged      to   
make for an island4 ,there lay          

,washington1 imprisoned by      the     
elements2 but the late ,december night  
was intensely      cold1 and in the     
morning he found the river frozen4 ,not 
till      he reached ,gist's settlement1
 in ,january1 #aged1 were his      toils
 lightened4  ,washington reported the   
state of affairs on the ,lakes1--and    
active measures were consequently       
adopted4 ,of the rapid and brilliant    
development of his military genius1 we  
are not now to trace the progress2 but  
it is scarcely possible to read without 
a shudder of the hair-breadth 'scapes of
 the young man whose life was of such   
inestimable consequence to his country4 
,thus1 in the battle fought by          
,braddock--to whom ,washington acted as 
aide-de-camp--against the ,french and   
,indians in #agee1 he appeared to others
 as well as to himself to bear a charmed
 life4 ,in this action1 says ,mr4       
,bancroft1--       ,of eighty-six       
officers1 twenty-six were killed--among 
them1      ,sir ,peter ,halket1--and    

thirty-seven were wounded1 including    
,gage and other field officers4 ,of the 
men1 one half were      killed or       
wounded4 ,braddock braved every danger4 
,his      secretary was shot dead2 both 
his ,english aids were disabled         
early in the engagement1 leaving the    
,american alone to      distribute his  
orders4 ',i expected every moment1' said
 one      whose eye was on ,washington1 
'to see him fall4' ,nothing but      the
 superintending care of ,providence     
could have saved him4      ,an ,indian  
chief--,i suppose a ,shawnee--singled   
him out with      his rifle1 and bade   
others of his warriors do the same4 ,two
      horses were killed under him2 four
 balls penetrated his      coat4 ',some 
potent ,manitou guards his life1'       
exclaimed the      savage4 ',death1'    
wrote ,washington1 'was levelling my    
companions on every side of me1 but1 by 
the all-powerful      dispensations of  
,providence1 ,i have been protected4'   
',to the      public1' said ,davis1 a   

learned divine1 in the following        
month1 ',i point out that heroic youth1 
,colonel ,washington1      whom ,i      
cannot but hope ,providence has         
preserved in so signal      a manner for
 some important service to his country4'
 ',who is      ,mr4 ,washington8' asked 
,lord ,halifax1 a few months later4 ',i 
know nothing of him1' he added1 'but    
that they say he      behaved in        
,braddock's action as bravely as if he  
really      loved the whistling of      
bullets4'  ,thus opened that career of  
glory1 moderation1 and success--thus1 at
 the period of nascent manhood were     
exhibited the marking traits of that    
serene and devoted character--which have
 placed the name of ,washington on the  
noblest and loftiest pedestal in the    
,temple of ,fame4  ,leaving for a while 
the only figure in that scene of        
miserable and savage warfare on which   
the mind can dwell with any degree of   
trust and satisfaction1 we will move to 
the north-east of the ,english          

settlements1 and follow the story of the
 unhappy people of ,acadia4 ,mr4        
,bancroft has drawn a touching picture  
of the homely virtues and obscure       
happiness of this rural population      
before the interference of the ,british 
officers changed their joy into wailing1
 and endowed their simple annals with a 
dark and tragic interest3--       ,after
 repeated conquests and restorations1   
the treaty of      ,utrecht conceded    
,acadia1 or ,nova ,scotia1 to ,great    
,britain4      ,yet the name of         
,annapolis1 the presence of a feeble    
,english      garrison1 and the         
emigration of hardly five or six        
,english      families1 were nearly all 
that marked the supremacy of            
,england4 ,the old inhabitants remained 
on the soil which they      had subdued1
 hardly conscious that they had changed 
their      sovereign4 ,they still loved 
the language and the usages of          
their forefathers1 and their religion   
was graven upon their      souls4 ,they 

promised submission to ,england2 but    
such was the      love with which       
,france had inspired them1 they would   
not      fight against its standard or  
renounce its name4 ,though              
conquered they were ,french neutrals4   
,for nearly forty years      from the   
peace of ,utrecht they had been         
forgotten or      neglected1 and had    
prospered in their seclusion4 ,no       
tax-gatherer counted their folds1 no    
magistrate dwelt in      their hamlets4 
,the parish priests made their records  
and      regulated their successions4   
,their little disputes were      settled
 among themselves1 with scarcely an     
instance of an      appeal to ,english  
authority at ,annapolis4 ,the pastures  
were      covered with their herds and  
flocks2 and dikes1 raised by            
extraordinary efforts of social         
industry1 shut out the      rivers and  
the tide from alluvial marshes of       
exuberant      fertility4 ,the meadows1 
thus reclaimed1 were covered by         

richest grasses1 or fields of wheat1    
that yielded fifty and      thirty fold 
at the harvest4 ,their houses were built
 in      clusters1 neatly constructed   
and comfortably furnished1 and          
around them all kinds of domestic fowls 
abounded4 ,with the      spinning-wheel 
and the loom1 their women made1 of flax 
from      their own fields1 of fleeces  
from their own flock1 coarse1      but  
sufficient clothing4 ,the few foreign   
luxuries that were      coveted could be
 obtained from ,annapolis or            
,louisburgh1 in      return for furs1 or
 wheat1 or cattle4 ,thus were the       
,acadians      happy in their neutrality
 and in the abundance which they        
drew from their native land4 ,they      
formed1 as it were1 one      great      
family4 ,their morals were of unaffected
 purity4 ,love      was sanctified and  
calmed by the universal custom of early 
marriages4 ,the neighbors of the        
community would assist the      new     
couple to raise their cottage1 while the

 wilderness      offered land4 ,their   
numbers increased1 and the colony1 which
      had begun only as the trading     
station of a company1 with a            
monopoly of the fur trade1 counted1     
perhaps1 sixteen or      seventeen      
thousand inhabitants4  ,the transfer of 
this colony from ,french to ,english    
rule could not fail to be productive of 
some untoward results4 ,the native      
priests feared the introduction among   
them of heretical opinions3--the        
,british officers treated the people    
with insolent contempt4 ,their papers   
and records says our historian1 were    
taken from them by their new masters3-- 
,was their property demanded for the    
public service8 'they      were not to  
be bargained with for the payment4' ,the
 order      may still be read on the    
,council records at ,halifax4 ,they     
must comply1 it was written1 without    
making any terms1      'immediately1' or
 'the next courier would bring an order 
for      military execution upon the    

delinquents4' ,and when they            
delayed in fetching firewood for their  
oppressors1 it was      told them from  
the governor1 ',if they do not do it in 
proper      time1 the soldiers shall    
absolutely take their houses for        
fuel4' ,the unoffending sufferers       
submitted meekly to the      tyranny4   
,under pretence of fearing that they    
might rise in      behalf of ,france1 or
 seek shelter in ,canada1 or convey     
provisions to the ,french garrisons1    
they were ordered to      surrender     
their boats and their firearms2 and1    
conscious of      innocence1 they gave  
up their barges and their muskets1      
leaving themselves without the means of 
flight1 and      defenceless4 ,further  
orders were afterwards given to the     
,english officers1 if the ,acadians     
behaved amiss to punish      them at    
discretion2 if the troops were annoyed1 
to inflict      vengeance on the        
nearest1 whether the guilty one or      
not1--'taking an eye for an eye and a   

tooth for a tooth4'  ,there is no reason
 to believe that these atrocious orders 
were not executed in the spirit in which
 they had been conceived4 ,but worse    
remained to come3--       ,the ,acadians
 cowered before their masters1 hoping   
forbearance2 willing to take an oath of 
fealty to ,england2      in their       
single-mindedness and sincerity1        
refusing to pledge      themselves to   
bear arms against ,france4 ,the ,english
 were      masters of the sea1 were     
undisputed lords of the country1        
and could exercise clemency without     
apprehension4 ,not a      whisper gave a
 warning of their purpose till it was   
ripe for      execution4 ,but it had    
been 'determined upon' after the        
ancient device of ,oriental despotism1  
that the ,french      inhabitants of    
,acadia should be carried away into     
captivity      to other parts of the    
,british dominions4 99 99 ,france       
remembered the descendants of her sons  
in the hour of their      affliction1   

and asked that they might have time to  
remove      from the peninsula with     
their effects1 leaving their lands      
to the ,english2 but the answer of the  
,british ,minister      claimed them as 
useful subjects1 and refused them the   
liberty of transmigration4 ,the         
inhabitants of ,minas and the           
adjacent country pleaded with the       
,british officers for the               
restitution of their boats and their    
guns1 promising      fidelity1 if they  
could but retain their liberties1 and   
declaring that not the want of arms1 but
 their conscience1      should engage   
them not to revolt4 ',the memorial1'    
said      ,lawrence in ,council1 'is    
highly arrogant1 insidious and          
insulting4' ,the memorialists1 at his   
summons1 came      submissively to      
,halifax4 ',you want your canoes for    
carrying      provisions to the enemy1' 
said he to them1 though he knew no      
enemy was left in their vicinity4 ',guns
 are no part of your      goods1' he    

continued1 'as by the laws of ,england  
all ,roman      ,catholics are          
restrained from having arms1 and are    
subject      to penalties if arms are   
found in their houses4 ,it is not       
the language of ,british subjects to    
talk of terms with the      ,crown1 or  
capitulate about their fidelity and     
allegiance4      ,what excuse can you   
make for your presumption in treating   
this government with such indignity as  
to expound to them      the nature of   
fidelity8 ,manifest your obedience by   
immediately taking the oaths of         
allegiance in the common      form      
before the ,council4' ,the deputies     
replied that they      would do as the  
generality of the inhabitants should    
determine2 and they merely entreated    
leave to return home      and consult   
the body of their people4 ,the next day1
 the      unhappy men1 foreseeing the   
sorrows that menaced them1      offered 
to swear allegiance unconditionally4    
,but it was now too late4 ,the savage   

purpose had been formed4 ,that the      
cruelty might have no excuse1 it        
happened that while the scheme was under
 discussion letters arrived leaving no  
doubt that all the shores of the ,bay of
 ,fundy were in the possession of the   
,british4 ,it only remained to be fixed 
how the exportation should be           
effected3--       ,to hunt them into the
 net was impracticable2 artifice was    
therefore resorted to4 ,by a general    
proclamation1 on one and      the same  
day1 the scarcely conscious victims1    
'both old men      and young men1 as    
well as all the lads of ten years of    
age1'      were peremptorily ordered to 
assemble at their respective      posts4
 ,on the appointed #eth of ,september1  
they obeyed4 ,at      ,grand ,pre1 for  
example1 #dah unarmed men came together4
 ,they      were marched into the       
church1 and its avenues were closed1    
when ,winslow1 the ,american commander1 
placed himself in      their centre1 and
 spoke3--',you are convened together to 

manifest to you ,his ,majesty's final   
resolution to the      ,french          
inhabitants of this his province4 ,your 
lands1 and      tenements1 cattle of all
 kinds1 and live stock of all sorts1    
are forfeited to the crown1 and you     
yourselves are to be      removed from  
this his province4 ,i am1 through his   
,majesty's      goodness1 directed to   
allow you liberty to carry off your     
money and household goods1 as many as   
you can1 without      discommoding the  
vessels you go in4' ,and he then        
declared      them the ,king's          
prisoners4 ,their wives and families    
shared      their lot2 their sons1 #ebg 
in number1 their daughters1 #egf2       
in the whole1 women and babes and old   
men and children all      included1     
#a1ibc souls4 ,the blow was sudden2 they
 had left      home but for the morning1
 and they never were to return4         
,their cattle were to stay unfed in the 
stalls1 their fires      to die out on  
their hearths4 ,they had for that first 

day      even no food for themselves or 
their children1 and were      compelled 
to beg for bread4 ,the #ajth of         
,september was the      day for the     
embarkation of a part of the exiles4    
,they were      drawn up six deep1 and  
the young men1 #afa in number1 were     
ordered to march first on board the     
vessel4 ,they could leave      their    
farms and cottages1 the shady rocks on  
which they had      reclined1 their     
herds and their garners2 but nature     
yearned      within them1 and they would
 not be separated from their            
parents4 ,yet of what avail was the     
frenzied despair of the      unarmed    
youth8 ,they had not one weapon2 the    
bayonet drove      them to obey2 and    
they marched slowly and heavily from the
      chapel to the shore1 between women
 and children1 who      kneeling1 prayed
 for blessings on their heads1 they     
themselves weeping1 and praying1 and    
singing hymns4 ,the      seniors went   
next2 the wives and children must wait  

till      other transport vessels       
arrived4 ,the delay had its horrors4    
,the wretched people left behind were   
kept together near the      sea1 without
 proper food or raiment1 or shelter1    
till other      ships came to take them 
away2 and ,december with its            
appalling cold had struck the shivering1
 half-clad1      broken-hearted         
sufferers before the last of them were  
removed4 ',the embarkation of the       
inhabitants goes on but      slowly1'   
wrote ,monckton1 from ,fort ,cumberland1
 near which he      had burned three    
hamlets1 'the most part of the wives of 
the      men we have prisoners are gone 
off with their children1 in      hopes  
,i would not send off their husbands    
without them4'      ,their hope was     
vain4 ,near ,annapolis1 a hundred heads 
of      families fled to the woods1 and 
a party was detached on the      hunt to
 bring them in4 ',our soldiers hate     
them1' wrote an      officer on this    
occasion1 'and if they can but find a   

pretext to kill them1 they will4' ,did a
 prisoner seek to      escape1 he was   
shot down by the sentinel4 ,yet some    
fled to      ,quebec2 more than #c1jjj  
had withdrawn to ,miramichi and the     
region south of the ,ristigouche2 some  
found rest on the      banks of the ,st4
 ,john's and its branches2 some found a 
lair      in their native forests2 some 
were charitably sheltered from      the 
,english in the wigwams of the savages4 
,but #g1jjj of      these banished      
people were driven on board ships1 and  
scattered among the ,english colonies1  
from ,new ,hampshire to      ,georgia   
alone2 #a1jbj to ,south ,carolina alone4
 ,they were cast      ashore without    
resources2 hating the poor-house as a   
shelter      for their offspring1 and   
abhorring the thought of selling        
themselves as laborers4 ,households1    
too1 were separated2 the      colonial  
newspapers contained advertisements of  
members of      families seeking their  
companions1 of sons anxious to reach    

and relieve their parents1 of mothers   
mourning for their      children4 ,the  
wanderers sighed for their native       
country2 but      to prevent their      
return1 their villages1 from ,annapolis 
to      the isthmus1 were laid waste4   
,their old homes were but      ruins4   
,in the district of ,minas1 for         
instance1 #bej of their      houses1 and
 more than as many barns1 were consumed4
 ,the live      stock which belonged to 
them1 consisting of great numbers of    
horned cattle1 hogs1 sheep1 and horses1 
were seized as      spoils and disposed 
of by the ,english officials4 ,a        
beautiful      and fertile tract of     
country was reduced to a solitude4      
,there was none left round the ashes of 
the cottages of the      ,acadians but  
the faithful watch-dog1 vainly seeking  
the      hands that fed him4 ,thickets  
of forest-trees choked their            
orchards2 the ocean broke over their    
neglected dikes1 and      desolated     
their meadows4  ,nor were the woes of   

this ill-treated people ended3          
,relentless misfortune pursued the      
exiles whereever they      fled4 ,those 
sent to ,georgia1 drawn by a love for   
the spot      where they were born as   
strong as that of the captive ,jews1    
who wept by the side of the rivers of   
,babylon for their own      temple and  
land1 escaped to sea in boats1 and went 
coasting      from harbor to harbor2 but
 when they had reached ,new             
,england1 just as they would have set   
sail for their native      fields1 they 
were stopped by orders from ,nova       
,scotia4 ,those      who dwelt on the   
,st4 ,john's were torn once more from   
their      new homes4 ,when ,canada     
surrendered1 hatred with its worst      
venom pursued the #a1ejj who remained   
south of the      ,ristigouche4 ,once   
more those who dwelt in ,pennsylvania   
presented a humble petition to the ,earl
 of ,loudoun1 then the      ,british    
,commander in-,chief in ,america2 and   
the cold-hearted      peer1 offended    

that the prayer was made in ,french1    
seized      their five principal men1   
who in their own land had been          
persons of dignity and substance1 and   
shipped them to      ,england1 with the 
request that they might be kept from    
ever      again becoming troublesome by 
being consigned to service as           
common sailors on board ships of war4   
,and so it was throughout3--,we have    
been true1 said they in one of their    
petitions1 to our religion1 and true to 
ourselves2 yet nature appears to        
consider us only as the objects of      
public vengeance4--,i know not1 writes  
,mr4 ,bancroft1 if the annals of the    
human race keep the records of wounds so
 wantonly inflicted1 so bitter and so   
perennial as fell upon the ,french      
inhabitants of ,acadia4  ,american      
history has at least one element of     
peculiar character4 ,the voyage of the  
,pilgrim ,fathers--the settlement of the
 ,virginia cavaliers--the foundation of 
,pennsylvania1--though all events of    

profound moral interest1 as well as     
productive of fine pictorial effects1   
are not without parallels more or less  
close in the varied tale of ancient and 
modern colonization4 ,but that which is 
distinctive and peculiar in the story of
 ,american civilization is1 its struggle
 against the ,red ,men4 ,settlers1 it is
 true1 have often found themselves in   
strange company4 ,in ,africa the ,greek 
colonizer elbowed the swarthy ,ethiop4  
,in ,south ,america the ,spaniard stood 
beside the ,peruvian and the ,carib4    
,dutchmen have encountered the ,malay   
and the ,dyak4 ,for two centuries       
,english settlers have had to deal with 
the uncivilized races of the ,east and  
,west--from the ,bushmen of the ,cape to
 the savages of ,new ,zealand4 ,but none
 of these races present the same        
attractive features as the brethren of  
the ,iroquois and the ,mohicans4 ,about 
these latter there are points of        
romantic and chivalric interest4 ,though
 not free from the vices of the savage1 

they often exhibit virtues which might  
shame the ,european4 ,there is something
 of dignity in their aspect and bearing4
 ,they are seldom without a natural and 
original poetic sense1--and their       
language has a wild ,ossianic music4    
,they are bold in metaphor and apt in   
natural illustration4 ,a group of actors
 on the scene having characteristics so 
peculiar and so attractive as the ,red  
,skin is invaluable to a historian whose
 tendency is to see events and note     
character under their most pictorial    
aspects4  ,the part taken by the        
,indians in that war between the ,french
 and ,english in ,america which ended in
 the conquest of ,quebec and the        
expulsion of the ,lilies from ,canada is
 narrated at great length by ,mr4       
,bancroft1--and the atrocious nature of 
the conflict is well brought out4 ,at   
the commencement of the war1 we are     
allowed a glimpse at a curious          
war-council3       ',brothers1' said the
 ,delawares to the ,miamis1 'we desire  

the ,english and the ,six ,nations to   
put their hands upon your      heads1   
and keep the ,french from hurting you4  
,stand fast in      the chain of        
friendship with the ,government of      
,virginia4'      ',brothers1' said the  
,miamis to the ,english1 'your country  
is      smooth2 your hearts are good2   
the dwellings of your      governors are
 like the spring in its bloom4'         
',brothers1'      they added to the ,six
 ,nations1 holding aloft a calumet      
ornamented with feathers1 'the ,french  
and their ,indians have      struck us1 
yet we kept this pipe unhurt2' and they 
gave it      to the ,six ,nations1 in   
token of friendship with them and       
with their allies4 ,a shell and a string
 of black wampum were      given to     
signify the unity of heart2 and that1   
though it was      darkness to the      
westward1 yet towards the sun-rising it 
was      bright and clear4 ,another     
string of black wampum announced        
that the war-chiefs and braves of the   

,miamis held the      hatchet in their  
hand1 ready to strike the ,french4 ,the 
widowed ,queen of the ,piankeshaws sent 
a belt of black shells      intermixed  
with white4 ',brothers1' such were her  
words1 ',i      am left a poor1 lonely  
woman1 with one son1 whom ,i commend    
to the ,english1 the ,six ,nations1 the 
,shawnees1 and the      ,delawares1 and 
pray them to take care of him4' ,the    
,weas      produced a calumet4 ',we have
 had this feathered pipe1' said         
they1 'from the beginning of the world2 
so that when it      becomes cloudy1 we 
can sweep the clouds away4 ,it is dark  
in      the west1 yet we sweep all      
clouds away towards the      sun-rising1
 and leave a clear and serene sky4'     
,thus1 on the      alluvial lands of    
,western ,ohio1 began the contest that  
was      to scatter death broadcast     
through the world4 ,all the             
speeches were delivered again to the    
,deputies of the      ,nations1         
represented at ,logstown1 that they     

might be      correctly repeated to the 
head ,council at ,onondaga4 ,an         
express messenger from the ,miamis      
hurried across the      mountains1      
bearing to the shrewd and able          
,dinwiddie1 the                         
,lieutenant-,governor of ,virginia1 a   
belt of wampum1 the scalp      of a     
,french ,indian1 and a feathered pipe1  
with letters from      the dwellers on  
the ,maumee and on the ,wabash4 ',our   
good      brothers of ,virginia1' said  
the former1 'we must look upon          
ourselves as lost1 if our brothers1 the 
,english1 do not      stand by us and   
give us arms4' ',eldest brother1'       
pleaded the      ,picts and ,windaws1   
'this string of wampum assures you1 that
      the ,french ,king's servants have 
spilled our blood1 and eaten      the   
flesh of three of our men4 ,look upon us
 and pity us1 for      we are in great  
distress4 ,our chiefs have taken up the 
hatchet of war4 ,we have killed and     
eaten ten of the ,french      and two of

 their negroes4 ,we are your brothers2  
and do not      think this is from our  
mouth only2 it is from our very         
hearts4' ,thus they solicited protection
 and revenge4  ,the ,duke of ,newcastle 
was unequal to the task of driving the  
soldiers of ,france from ,canada or from
 the valley of the ,mississippi4 ,the   
,north and ,south were both in the hands
 of ,france4 ,the route of the ,ohio and
 the ,mississippi had been discovered by
 adventurers and missionaries of that   
nation2 and a few years of quiet        
possession of the territory would have  
allowed ,french statesmen to consolidate
 their power in those regions1 and to   
draw a strong cordon around the entire  
group of ,english colonies on the       
,atlantic sea-board4 ,but ,pitt's genius
 was brought to bear at a critical      
moment on the arrangement of this great 
question--and he conceived the project  
of breaking the ,mississippi line and   
attacking the enemy in their strongholds
 on the ,st4 ,lawrence4 ,three          

expeditions were fitted out4 ,amherst   
and ,wolfe were ordered to join the     
fleet under ,boscawen1 destined to act  
against ,louisburgh--,forbes was sent to
 the ,ohio ,valley--,abercrombie was    
intrusted with the command against      
,crown ,point and ,ticonderoga1 though  
,lord ,howe was sent out with the last  
named as the real soul of the           
enterprise4 ,mr4 ,bancroft writes3      
,none of the officers won favor like    
,lord ,howe and ,wolfe4      ,both were 
still young4 ,to high rank and great    
connections      ,howe added manliness1 
humanity1 capacity to discern merit1    
and judgment to employ it4 ,as he       
reached ,america1 he entered      on the
 simple austerity of forest warfare4    
,james ,wolfe1 but      thirty-one years
 old1 had already been eighteen years in
 the      army2 was at ,dettingen and   
,fontenoy1 and had won laurels at       
,laffeldt4 ,merit made him at           
two-and-twenty a                        
lieutenant-colonel1 and his active      

genius improved the      discipline of  
his battalion4 ,he was at once          
authoritative      and humane1 severe1  
yet indefatigably kind2 modest1 but     
aspiring and secretly conscious of      
ability4 ,the brave      soldier        
dutifully loved and obeyed his widowed  
mother1 and      his gentle nature saw  
visions of happiness in scenes of       
domestic love1 even while he kindled at 
the prospect of      glory1 as          
'gunpowder at fire4'  ,on the #bhth of  
,may the expedition reached ,halifax4-- 
,for six days after the ,british forces 
on their way from      ,halifax to      
,louisburgh1 had entered ,chapeau ,rouge
 ,bay1 the      surf1 under a high wind1
 made the rugged shore inaccessible1    
and gave the ,french time to strengthen 
and extend their      lines4 ,the sun   
still dashed heavily1 when1 before      
daybreak1      on the #hth of ,june1 the
 troops1 under cover of a random fire   
from the frigates1 attempted            
disembarking4 ,wolfe1 the third         

brigadier1 who led the first division1  
would not allow a gun      to be fired1 
cheered on the rowers1 and1 on coming to
 shoal      water1 jumped into the sea2 
and1 in spite of the surf1 which        
broke several boats and upset more1 in  
spite of the      well-directed fire of 
the ,french1 in spite of their          
breastwork and rampart of felled trees1 
whose interwoven      branches made one 
continued wall of green1 the ,english   
landed1 took the batteries1 drove in the
 ,french1 and on the      same day      
invested ,louisburgh4 ,at that landing1 
none was more      gallant than young   
,richard ,montgomery2 just              
one-and-twenty2      ,irish by birth2 an
 humble officer in ,wolfe's brigade2 but
      also a servant of humanity1       
enlisted in its corps of      immortals4
 ,the sagacity of ,wolfe honored him    
with      well-deserved praise1 and     
promotion to a lieutenancy4 ,on the     
morning of the #abth1 an hour before    
dawn1 ,wolfe1 with light      infantry  

and ,highlanders1 took by surprise the  
light-house      battery on the         
north-east side of the entrance to the  
harbor2 the smaller works were          
successively carried4 ,on the           
#bc;d1 the ,english battery began to    
play on that of the ,french      on the 
island near the centre of the mouth of  
the harbor4      ,science1 sufficient   
force1 union among the officers1        
heroism1 pervading mariners and         
soldiers1 carried forward      the      
siege1 during which ,barre by his       
conduct secured the      approbation of 
,amherst and the confirmed friendship of
      ,wolfe4 ,of the ,french ships in  
the port1 three were burned on      the 
#bast of ,july2 in the night following  
the #beth1 the boats      of the        
squadron1 with small loss1 set fire to  
the ,prudent1 a      seventy-four1 and  
carried off the ,bienfaisant4 ,boscawen 
was      prepared to send six ,english  
ships into the harbor4 ,but the         
town of ,louisburgh was already a heap  

of ruins2 for eight      days1 the      
,french officers and men had had no safe
 place for      rest2 of fifty-two      
cannon opposed to the ,english batteries
      forty were disabled4 ,the ,french 
had but five ships of the      line and 
four frigates4 ,it was time for the     
,chevalier de      ,drucour to          
capitulate4 ,the garrison became        
prisoners of war1      and1 with the    
sailors and marines1 in all #e1fcg1 were
 sent      to ,england4 ,on the #bgth of
 ,july1 the ,english took possession    
of ,louisburgh1 and1 as a consequence1  
of ,cape ,breton and      ,prince       
,edward's ,island4 ,thus fell the power 
of ,france on our      eastern coast4   
,halifax being the ,english naval       
station1      ,louisburgh was deserted4 
,the harbor still offers shelter        
from storms2 the coast repels the surge3
 but a few hovels      only mark the    
spot which so much treasure was lavished
 to      fortify1 so much heroism to    
conquer4 ,wolfe1 whose heart was      in

 ,england1 returned home with the love  
and esteem of the      army4 ,his       
country was full of exultation2 the     
trophies were      deposited with pomp  
in the cathedral of ,st4 ,paul's2 the   
churches gave thanks2 ,boscawen1 himself
 a member of      parliament1 was       
honored by a unanimous tribute from the 
,house of ,commons4 ,new ,england1 too1 
triumphed2 for the      praises awarded 
to ,amherst and ,wolfe recalled the     
heroism of      her own sons4  ,this    
success inspired ,pitt to still greater 
efforts4 ,he resolved to annex the      
boundless north1 as it was then called1 
to the ,british empire in ,america2 and 
early in the spring ,wolfe again went   
out1--this time1 to conquer ,quebec and 
find a soldier's grave4 ,many of his    
companions in arms were then and        
afterwards famous men3--,jervis1        
afterwards the renowned ,earl ,st4      
,vincent1 ,james ,cook1 the navigator1  
,george ,townshend1 ,barre1 and ,colonel
 ,howe4       ,on the #bfth of ,june1   

the whole armament arrived1 without     
the least accident1 off the ,isle of    
,orleans1 on which1 the      next day1  
they disembarked4 ,a little south of    
west the cliff      of ,quebec was seen 
distinctly1 seemingly impregnable1      
rising      precipitously in the midst  
of one of the grandest scenes in        
nature4 ,to protect this guardian       
citadel of ,new ,france1      ,montcalm 
had of regular troops no more than six  
wasted      battalions2 of ,indian      
warriors few appeared1 the wary         
savages preferring the security of      
neutrals2 the ,canadian      militia    
gave him the superiority in numbers2 but
 he put his      chief confidence in the
 natural strength of the country4       
,above ,quebec1 the high promontory on  
which the upper town is      built      
expands into an elevated plain1 having  
towards the      river the steepest     
acclivities4 ,for nine miles or more    
above      the city1 as far as ,cape    
,rouge1 every landing-place was         

intrenched and protected4 ,the river    
,st4 ,charles1 after      meandering    
through a fertile valley1 sweeps the    
rocky base      of the town1 which it   
covers by expanding into sedgy          
marshes4 ,nine miles below ,quebec1 the 
impetuous ,montmorenci1      after      
fretting itself a whirlpool route1 and  
leaping for      miles down the steps of
 a rocky bed1 rushes with velocity      
towards the ledge1 over which1 falling  
two hundred and fifty      feet1 it     
pours its fleecy cataract into the      
chasm4 ,as ,wolfe      disembarked on   
the ,isle of ,orleans1 what scene could 
be more      imposing8 ,on his left lay 
at anchor the fleet with the            
numerous transports2 the tents of his   
army stretched across      the island2  
the intrenched troops of ,france1 having
 their      centre at the village of    
,beanport1 extended from the            
,montmorenci to the ,st4 ,charles2 the  
city of ,quebec1      garrisoned by five
 battalions1 bounded the horizon4 ,at   

midnight on the #bhth1 the short        
darkness was lighted up by a      fleet 
of fire-ships1 that1 after a furious    
storm of wind1      came down with the  
tide in the proper direction4 ,but the  
,british sailors grappled with them and 
towed them free of      the shipping4   
,the river was ,wolfe's2 the men-of-war 
made it      so2 and1 being master of   
the deep water1 he also had the         
superiority on the south-shore of the   
,st4 ,lawrence4 ,in the      night of   
the #bith1 ,monckton1 with four         
battalions1 having      crossed the     
south channel1 occupied ,point ,levi2   
and where      the mighty current1 which
 below the town expands as a bay1       
narrows to a deep stream of but a mile  
in width1 batteries      of mortars and 
cannon were constructed4 ,the citizens  
of      ,quebec1 foreseeing the ruin of 
their houses1 volunteered to      pass  
over the river and destroy the works2   
but1 at the      trial1 their courage   
failed them1 and they retreated4 ,the   

,english1 by the discharge of red-hot   
balls and shells1 set      on fire fifty
 houses in a night1 demolished the lower
 town1      and injured the upper4 ,but 
the citadel was beyond their      reach1
 and every avenue from the river to the 
cliff was too      strongly intrenched  
for an assault4  ,the summer was going  
rapidly1 and as yet no real progress had
 been made4 ,wolfe was eager for        
action1--and he pursued his researches  
into the nature of the formidable       
position with extraordinary eagerness3--
       ,he saw that the eastern bank of 
the ,montmorenci was higher      than   
the ground occupied by ,montcalm1 and1  
on the #ith of      ,july1 he crossed   
the north channel and encamped there2   
but      the armies and their chiefs    
were still divided by the river         
precipitating itself down its rocky way 
in impassable eddies      and rapids4   
,three miles in the interior1 a ford was
 found2      but the opposite bank was  
steep1 woody1 and well intrenched4      

,not a spot on the line of the          
,montmorenci for miles into the         
interior1 nor on the ,st4 ,lawrence to  
,quebec1 was left      unprotected by   
the vigilance of the inaccessible       
,montcalm4      ,the ,general proceeded 
to reconnoitre the shore above the      
town4 ,in concert with ,saunders1 on the
 #ahth of ,july1 he      sailed along   
the well-defended bank from ,montmorenci
 to the      ,st4 ,charles3 he passed   
the deep and spacious harbor1 which1    
at four hundred miles from the sea1 can 
shelter a hundred      ships of the     
line2 he neared the high cliff of ,cape 
,diamond1      towering like a bastion  
over the waters1 and surmounted by      
the banner of the ,bourbons2 he coasted 
along the craggy wall      of rock that 
extends beyond the citadel2 he marked   
the      outline of the precipitous hill
 that forms the north bank of      the  
river1--and every where he beheld a     
natural fastness1      vigilantly       
defended1 intrenchments1 cannon1 boats1 

and      floating batteries guarding    
every access4 ,had a detachment         
landed between the city and ,cape       
,rouge1 it would have      encountered  
the danger of being cut off before it   
could      receive support4 ,he would   
have risked a landing at ,st4           
,michael's ,cove1 three miles above the 
city1 but the enemy      prevented him  
by planting artillery and a mortar to   
play      upon the shipping4 ,meantime1 
at midnight1 on the #bhth of      ,july1
 the ,french sent down a raft of        
five-stages1 consisting      of nearly a
 hundred pieces2 but these1 like the    
fire-ships a      month before1 did but 
light up the river1 without injuring    
the ,british fleet4 ,scarcely a day     
passed but there were      skirmishes of
 the ,english with the ,indians and     
,canadians1      who were sure to tread 
stealthily in the footsteps of every    
exploring party4 ,wolfe returned to     
,montmorenci4 ,july was      almost     
gone1 and he had made no effective      

advances4 ,he      resolved on an       
engagement4 ,the ,montmorenci1 after    
falling      over a perpendicular rock1 
flows for three hundred yards1          
amidst clouds of spray and rainbow      
glories1 in a gentle      stream to the 
,st4 ,lawrence4 ,near the junction1 the 
river      may1 for a few hours of the  
tide1 be passed on foot4 ,it was        
planned that two brigades should ford   
the ,montmorenci at the      proper time
 of the tide1 while ,monckton's         
regiments should      cross the ,st4    
,lawrence in boats from ,point ,levi4   
,the signal      was made1 but some of  
the boats grounded on a ledge of rocks  
that runs out into the river4 ,while the
 seamen were getting      them off1 and 
the enemy were firing a vast number of  
shot      and shells1 ,wolfe1 with some 
of the navy officers as      companions1
 selected a landing-place2 and his      
desperate      courage thought it not   
yet too late to begin the attack4       
,thirteen companies of grenadiers1 and  

two hundred of the      second battalion
 of the ,royal ,americans1 who got first
 on      shore1 not waiting for support1
 ran hastily towards the                
intrenchments1 and were repulsed in such
 disorder that they      could not again
 come into line2 though ,monckton's     
regiment      had arrived1 and had      
formed with the coolness of invincible  
valor4 ,but hours hurried by2 night was 
near2 the clouds of      midsummer      
gathered heavily1 as if for a storm2 the
 tide      rose2 and ,wolfe1 wiser than 
,frederic at ,colin1 ordered a          
timely retreat4  ,in this unsuccessful  
attempt ,wolfe lost #djj men4 ,on the   
tortures of a body wasted by fever and a
 mind preyed on by its own restless     
energy1 we will not dwell4 ,wolfe       
reckoned on assistance from the corps of
 ,amherst1--but this did not arrive4 ,at
 last he perceived that his fate rested 
in his own hands alone1--and he         
conceived the daring plan of attack     
which has given to his name the         

soldier's immortality4 ,we extract ,mr4 
,bancroft's account of the brilliant    
attack which cost our young hero his    
life and the ,french their dominions in 
,northern ,america3--       ,every      
officer knew his appointed duty1 when1  
at one o'clock      in the morning of   
the #acth ,september1 ,wolfe1 with      
,monckton      and ,murray1 and about   
half the forces1 set off in boats1 and  
without sail or oars1 glided down with  
the tide4 ,in      three-quarters of an 
hour the ships followed1 and1 though    
the night had become dark1 aided by the 
rapid current1 they      reached the    
cove just in time to cover the landing4 
,wolfe      and the troops with him     
leaped on shore2 the light infantry1    
who found themselves borne by the       
current a little below the              
intrenched path1 clambered up the steep 
hill1 staying      themselves by the    
roots and boughs of the maple and spruce
      and ash trees that covered the    
precipitous declivity1 and1      after a

 little firing1 dispersed the picket    
which guarded      the height4 ,the rest
 ascended safely by the pathway4 ,a     
battery of four guns on the left was    
abandoned to ,colonel      ,howe4 ,when 
,townshend's division disembarked1 the  
,english had      already gained one of 
the roads to ,quebec1 and1 advancing in 
front of the forest1 ,wolfe stood at    
daybreak with big      invincible       
battalions on the plains of ,abraham1   
the      battle-field of empire4 ',it   
can be but a small party come to        
burn a few houses and retire1' said     
,montcalm1 in amazement1      as the    
news reached him in his intrenchments   
the other side      of the ,st4         
,charles2 but1 obtaining better         
information1--',then1' he cried1 'they  
have at last got to      the weak side  
of this miserable garrison2 we must give
      battle and crush them before      
mid-day4' ,and before ten1 the      two 
armies1 equal in numbers1 each being    
composed of less      than five thousand

 men1 were ranged in presence of one    
another for battle4 ,the ,english1 not  
easily accessible from      intervening 
shallow ravines1 and rail fences1 were  
all      regulars1 perfect in           
discipline1 terrible in their fearless  
enthusiasm1 thrilling with pride at     
their morning's success1      commanded 
by a man whom they obeyed with          
confidence and      love4 ,the doomed   
and devoted ,montcalm had what ,wolfe   
had      called but 'five weak ,french  
battalions1' of less than two           
thousand men1 'mingled with disorderly  
peasantry1' formed on      ground which 
commanded the position of the ,english4 
,the      ,french had three little      
pieces of artillery1 the ,english one   
or two4 ,the two armies cannonaded each 
other for nearly an      hour2 when     
,montcalm1 having summoned ,bougainville
 to his      aid1 and despatched        
messenger after messenger for ,de       
,vaudreuil1 who had fifteen hundred men 
at the camp1 to come      up1 before he 

should be driven from the ground1       
endeavored      to flank the ,british   
and crowd them down the high bank of    
the river4 ,wolfe counteracted the      
movement by detaching      ,townshend   
with ,amherst's regiment1 and afterwards
 a part of      the ,royal ,americans1  
who formed on the left with a double    
front4 ,waiting no longer for more      
troops1 ,montcalm led the      ,french  
army impetuously to the attack4 ,the    
ill-disciplined      companies broke by 
their precipitation and the unevenness  
of      the ground2 and fired by        
platoons1 without unity4 ,the           
,english1 especially the forty-third and
 forty-seventh1 where      ,monckton    
stood1 received the shock with calmness2
 and after      having1 at ,wolfe's     
command1 reserved their fire till their 
enemy was within forty yards1 their line
 began a regular1      rapid1 and exact 
discharge of musketry4 ,montcalm was    
present      every where1 braving       
danger1 wounded1 but cheering by his    

example4 ,the second in command1 ,de    
,sennezergues1 an      associate in     
glory at ,ticonderoga1 was killed4 ,the 
brave but      untried ,canadians1      
flinching from a hot fire in the open   
field1 began to waver2 and1 so soon as  
,wolfe1 placing      himself at the head
 of the twenty-eighth and the           
,louisburgh      grenadiers1 charged    
with bayonets1 they every where gave    
way4 ,of the ,english officers1         
,carleton was wounded2 ,barre1      who 
fought near ,wolfe1 received in the head
 a ball which      destroyed the power  
of vision of one eye1 and ultimately    
made him blind4 ,wolfe1 also1 as he led 
the charge1 was      wounded in the     
wrist1 but still pressing forward1 he   
received a second ball2 and1 having     
decided the day1 was      struck a third
 time1 and mortally1 in the breast4     
',support      me1' he cried to an      
officer near him3 'let not my brave     
fellows see me drop4' ,he was carried to
 the rear1 and they      brought him    

water to quench his thirst4 ',they run1 
they      run1' spoke the officer on    
whom he leaned4 ',who run8' asked       
,wolfe1 as his life was fast ebbing4    
',the ,french1' replied      the        
officer1 'give way every where4'        
',what1' cried the      expiring hero1  
'do they run already8 ,go1 one of you1  
to      ,colonel ,burton2 bid him march 
,webb's regiment with all speed      to 
,charles ,river to cut off the          
fugitives4' ,four days      before1 he  
had looked forward to early death with  
dismay4      ',now1 ,god be praised1 ,i 
die happy4' ,these were his words as    
his spirit escaped in the blaze of his  
glory4 ,night1      silence1 the rushing
 tide1 veteran discipline1 the sure     
inspiration of genius had been his      
allies2 his battle-field1      high over
 the ocean-river1 was the grandest      
theatre on earth      for illustrious   
deeds2 his victory1 one of the most     
momentous in the annals of mankind1 gave
 to the ,english      tongue and the    

institutions of the ,germanic race the  
unexplored and seemingly infinite ,west 
and ,north4 ,he crowded      into a few 
hours actions that would have given     
lustre to      length of life2 and      
filling his day with greatness1         
completed it before its noon4  ,in that 
terrible action fell also the hope of   
,new ,france4 ,in attempting to rally a 
body of fugitive ,canadians in a copse  
near ,st4 ,john's ,gate1 ,montcalm was  
mortally wounded4  ,we have quoted      
enough from this volume to show how     
varied and stirring are the subjects    
with which ,mr4 ,bancroft here deals4   
,,footnotes3  #e ,history of the        
,american ,revolution4 ,by ,george      
,bancroft4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,boston1 ,little   
,brown1 #aheb4     ,from the ,london    
,literary ,gazette  ,,life ,,in         
,,canada4  ,,by ,,mrs4 ,,moodie4#f   ,if
 there be one of life's affairs in which
 woman has a peculiar right to have her 
wishes considered and her veto          
respected1 it is that of emigration4    

,for1 in the arduous task of            
establishing a new home in a            
half-settled country1 let man do what he
 will to alleviate1 on her fall the     
burthen and heat of the day4 ,hers are  
the menial toils1 the frequent          
anxieties1 the lingering home-sickness1 
the craving after dear friends' faces   
and a beloved native land4 ,hers1 too1  
the self-imposed duty and unselfish     
effort to hide regret under cheerful    
smiles1 when the weary brother or       
husband returns at evening from toil in 
field and forest4 ,blessed and beautiful
 are the smiles of the sad-hearted1 worn
 to wile away another's cares6  ,love in
 a cottage has long been jeered at1 and 
depicted as flying out of the window4   
,it seems miraculous to behold the      
capricious little deity steadfastly     
braving1 for many a long year1 the      
chilly atmosphere of a log-hut in an    
,american forest4 ,in the year #ahcb1   
,mrs4 ,moodie 7here better remembered as
 ,miss ,susanna ,strickland1 sister of  

the well-known historian of the ,english
 and ,scottish ,queens7 accompanied her 
husband1 a half-pay subaltern1 to the   
backwoods of ,canada4 ,many were her    
misgivings1 and they did not prove      
unfounded4 ,long and cruel was the      
probation she underwent1 before finding 
comparative comfort and prosperity in   
the rugged land where at first she found
 so much to embitter her existence4     
,nobly did she bear up under countless  
difficulties and sufferings1 supported  
by an energy rare in woman1 and by her  
devoted attachment to the husband of her
 choice4 ,for some years her troubles   
were not occasional1 but continual and  
increasing4 ,her first installation in a
 forest home could hardly have been more
 discouraging and melancholy than it    
was3       ,the place we first occupied 
was purchased of ,mr4 ,c----1 a         
merchant1 who took it in payment of     
sundry large debts1      which the      
owner1 a ,new ,england loyalist1 had    
been unable to      settle4 ,old ,joe   

,h--1 the present occupant1 had promised
 to      quit it with his family at the 
commencement of sleighing2      and as  
the bargain was concluded in the month  
of ,september1      and we were anxious 
to plough for fall wheat1 it was        
necessary to be upon the spot4 ,no house
 was to be found in      the immediate  
neighborhood save a small dilapidated   
log      tenement1 on an adjoining farm 
7which was scarcely reclaimed      from 
the bush71 that had been some months    
without an owner4      ,the merchant    
assured us that this could be made very 
comfortable until such time as it suited
 ,h--to remove4  ,with singular want of 
caution1 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,moodie         
neglected to visit this log tenement    
before signing an agreement to rent it4 
,on a rainy ,september day they proceed 
to take possession3       ,the carriage 
turned into a narrow1 steep path1       
overhung      with lofty woods1 and     
after laboring up it with considerable  
difficulty1 and at the risk of breaking 

our necks1 it      brought us at length 
to a rocky upland clearing1 partially   
covered with a second growth of timber1 
and surrounded on      all sides by the 
dark forest4 ',i guess1' quoth our      
,yankee      driver1 'that at the bottom
 of this 'ere swell1 you'll find        
yourself to hum2' and plunging into a   
short path cut      through the wood1 he
 pointed to a miserable hut1 at the     
bottom of a steep descent1 and cracking 
his whip1 exclaimed1      ',it's a smart
 location that4 ,i wish you ,britishers 
may enjoy      it4' ,i gazed upon the   
place in perfect dismay1 for ,i had     
never seen such a shed called a house   
before4 ',you must be      mistaken2    
that is not a house1 but a cattle-shed1 
or      pig-sty4' ,the man turned his   
knowing keen eye upon me1 and           
smiled1 half humorously1 half           
maliciously1 as he said1 ',you      were
 raised in the old country1 ,i guess2   
you have much to      learn1 and more   
perhaps than you'll like to know1 before

 the      winter is over4'  ,the prophet
 of evil spoke truly4 ,it was a winter  
of painful instruction for the          
inexperienced young woman1 and her not  
very prudent husband4 ,we might fill    
columns with a bare list of their       
vexations and disasters4 ,amongst the   
former1 not the least arose from the    
borrowing propensities of their         
neighbors4 ,they had 'located' in a bad 
neighborhood1 in the vicinity of a      
number of low ,yankee squatters1        
ignorant as savages1 without their      
courtesy and kindness4 ,these people    
walked unceremoniously at all hours into
 their wretched dwelling1 to criticise  
their proceedings1 make impertinent     
remarks1 and to borrow--or rather to beg
 or steal1 for what they borrowed they  
rarely returned4 ,the most extraordinary
 loans were daily solicited or demanded2
 and ,mrs4 ,moodie1 strange and timid in
 her new home1 and amongst1 these       
semi-barbarians--her husband1 too1 being
 much away at the farm--for some time   

dared not refuse to acquiesce in their  
impudent extortions4 ,here is a specimen
 of the style of these miscalled        
'borrowings4' ,on the first day of their
 arrival1 whilst they were yet toiling  
to exclude wind and rain from the crazy 
hovel1 which their baggage and goods    
filled nearly to the roof1 a young      
,yankee 'lady' squeezed herself into the
 crowded room3       ,imagine a girl of 
seventeen or eighteen years of age1 with
      sharp1 knowing-looking features1 a
 forward impudent carnage1      and a   
pert flippant voice1 standing upon one  
of the trunks1      and surveying all   
our proceedings in the most impertinent 
manner4 ,the creature was dressed in a  
ragged1 dirty1 purple      stuff gown1  
cut very low in the neck1 with an old   
red cotton      handkerchief tied over  
her head2 her uncombed1 tangled locks   
falling over her thin1 inquisitive face 
in a state of      perfect nature4 ,her 
legs and feet were bare1 and in her     
coarse1 dirty1 red hands she swung to   

and fro an empty glass      decanter4   
,the mission of this squalid nymph was  
not to borrow but to lend4 ,she guessed 
the strangers were fixin' there1 and    
that they'd want a glass decanter to    
hold their whisky1 so she had brought   
one over4 ,but mind--don't break it1    
said she2 'tis the only one we have to  
hum1 and father says it's so mean to    
drink out of green glass--a sentiment   
worthy of a colonel of hussars4         
,although quite pleased by such         
disinterested kindness and attention1   
,mrs4 ,moodie declined the decanter1 on 
the double ground of having some of her 
own1 and of not drinking whisky4 ,the   
refusal was unavailing4 ,the lady in    
ragged purple set down the bottle on a  
trunk1 as firmly as if she meant to     
plant it there1 and took herself off4   
,the next morning cleared up the mystery
 of her perseverance4 ,have you done    
with that 'ere decanter ,i brought      
across yesterday8 said the 'cute damsel1
 presenting herself before ,mrs4 ,moodie

 with her bare red knees peeping through
 her ragged petticoats1 and with face   
and hands innocent of soap4 ,the        
,english lady returned the bottle1 with 
the remark that she had never needed it4
       ',i guess you won't return it    
empty1' quoth the obliging              
neighbor2 'that would be mean1 father   
says4 ,he wants it      filled with     
whisky4'  ,the hearty laugh which this  
solution of the riddle provoked from the
 inmates of the log-house offended the  
female ,yankee1 who tossed the decanter 
from hand to hand and glared savagely   
about her4 ,but the ridicule was        
insufficient to deter her from the      
whisky hunt4 ,when assured there was    
none in the place1 she demanded rum1 and
 pointed to a keg1 in which she said she
 smelt it4 ,her keen olfactories had not
 deceived her4 ,the rum1 she was told1  
was for the workmen3       ',i          
calculate1' was the reply1 'when you've 
been here a few      months1 you'll be  
too knowing to give rum to helps4 ,but  

old-country folks are all fools1 and    
that's the reason they      get so      
easily sucked in1 and be so soon wound  
up4 ,cum1 fill      the bottle1 and     
don't be stingy4 ,in this country we all
 live      by borrowing4 ,if you want   
any thing1 why1 just send and           
borrow from us4'  ,when the decanter was
 filled and delivered to this saucy     
mendicant1 ,mrs4 ,moodie ventured to    
petition for a little milk for her      
infant1 but ,impudence in purple laughed
 in her face1 and named an exorbitant   
price at which she would sell it her1   
for cash on delivery4 ,it seems         
incredible that1 after this ingratitude1
 ,mrs4 ,moodie continued her 'lendings' 
to the family of which her new          
acquaintance was a distinguished        
ornament4       ,the very day our new   
plough came home1 the father of this    
bright damsel1 who went by the familiar 
name of ,old ,satan1      came over to  
borrow it 7though we afterwards found   
out that      he had a good one of his  

own74 ,the land had never been          
broken up1 and was full of rocks and    
stumps1 and he was      anxious to save 
his own from injury2 the consequence    
was1      that the borrowed implement   
came home unfit for use1 just at        
the very time we wanted to plough for   
fall wheat4 ,the same      happened to a
 spade and trowel1 bought in order to   
plaster      the house4 ,satan asked the
 loan of them for one hour1 for      the
 same purpose1 and we never saw them    
again4  ,the other neighbors were no    
better4 ,one ,yankee dame used to send  
over her son1 a hopeful youth1          
,philander by name1 almost every        
morning1 to borrow the bake-kettle1 in  
which hot cakes were cooked for         
breakfast4 ,one day1 when ,mrs4 ,moodie 
was later than usual in rising1 she     
heard from her bedroom the kitchen latch
 lifted4 ,it was ,philander1 come for   
the kettle4       ,i 7through the       
partition73 ',you can't have it this    
morning4 ,we cannot get our breakfast   

without it1'      ,philander3 ',no more 
can the old woman to hum1' and1         
snatching up the kettle1 which had been 
left to warm on the      hearth1 he     
rushed out of the house1 singing at the 
top of      his voice1 ',hurrah for the 
,yankee boys6' ,when ,james 7the        
servant7 came home for his breakfast1 ,i
 sent him across to      demand the     
kettle1 and the dame very coolly told   
him1 that      when she had done with it
 ,i might have it2 but she defied       
him to take it out of her house with her
 bread in it4  ,since the request of the
 drover who begged his comrade to lend  
him a bark of his dog1 we have not heard
 of queerer loans than some of those    
solicited of ,mrs4 ,moodie3--           
,another ,american squatter was always  
sending over to borrow      a           
small-tooth comb1 which she called a    
vermin destroyer2      and once the same
 person asked the loan of a towel1 as a 
friend had come from the ,states to     
visit her1 and the only      one she    

had1 had been made into a best 'pinny'  
for the      child3 she likewise begged 
a sight in the looking-glass1 as        
she wanted to try on a new cap1 to see  
if it were fixed to      her mind4 ,this
 woman must have been a mirror of       
neatness      when compared with her    
dirty neighbors4 ,one night ,i was      
roused up from my bed for the loan of a 
pair of      'steelyards4' ,for what    
purpose1 think you1 gentle reader8 ,to  
weigh a new-born infant4 ,the process   
was performed by tying      the poor    
squalling thing up in a small shawl1 and
 suspending      it to one of the hooks4
 ,the child was a fine boy1 and         
weighed ten pounds1 greatly to the      
delight of the ,yankee      father4 ,one
 of the drollest instances of borrowing 
,i have      ever heard of was told me  
by a friend4 ,a maid-servant asked      
her mistress to go out on a particular  
afternoon1 as she was      going to have
 a party of her friends1 and wanted the 
loan      of the drawing-room4  ,traits 

such as these exhibit1 more vividly than
 volumes of description1 the sort of    
savages amongst whom poor ,mrs4         
,moodie's lot was cast4 ,they had all   
the worst qualities of ,yankee and      
,indian--the good ones of neither4 ,they
 had neither manners1 heart1 nor        
honesty4 ,the basest selfishness1       
cunning1 and malignity were their       
prominent characteristics4 ,a less      
patient and good-tempered person than   
,mrs4 ,moodie would1 however1 have had  
little difficulty in getting rid of the 
troublesome and intrusive borrowers4    
,they could not bear a sharp rebuke1    
and1 more than once1 a happy and pointed
 retort rid her1 for weeks1 or even for 
ever1 of the pestilent presence of one  
or other of them4 ,an ,english farmer1  
settled near at hand1 to whom she       
mentioned her annoyances1 laughed--as   
well he might--at her easy-going        
toleration4 ,ask them sharply what they 
want1 he said1 and1 failing a           
satisfactory answer1 bid them leave the 

house4 ,or--a better way still--buy some
 small article of them1 and bid them    
bring the change4 ,mrs4 ,moodie tried   
the latter plan1 and with no slight     
success4       ,that very afternoon1    
,miss ,satan brought me a plate of      
butter for sale4 ,the price was three   
and nine pence2 twice      the sum1     
by-the-bye1 that it was worth4 ',i have 
no      change1'--giving her a          
dollar--'but you can bring it to me     
to-morrow4' ,oh6 blessed experiment6 for
 the value of one      quarter dollar ,i
 got rid of this dishonest girl for     
ever4      ,rather than pay me1 she     
never entered the house again4  ,the    
strange names of some of the farmers and
 squatters in ,mrs4 ,moodie's           
neighborhood exceed belief4 ,amongst the
 substantial yeomen thereabouts were    
,solomon ,sly1 ,reynard ,fox1 and ,hiram
 ,dolittle4 ,ammon and ,ichabod were two
 hopeful ,canadian youths1 the former of
 whom--a child of tender years--was in  
the habit of hideously swearing at his  

father1 and then scampering across the  
meadow1 and defying the pursuit of his  
pursy progenitor4 ,this is another      
family of which ,mrs4 ,moodie gives     
amusing glimpses1 in a style            
sufficiently masculine1 but therefore   
all the better adapted to the subject3--
       ,the conversation was interrupted
 by a queer-looking urchin      of five 
years old1 dressed in a long-tailed coat
 and      trowsers1 popping his black   
shock head in at the door and           
calling out1 ',uncle ,joe6 ,you're      
wanted to hum4' ',is that      your     
nephew8' ',no6 ,i guess it's my woman's 
eldest son1' said      uncle ,joe1      
rising2 'but they call me ,uncle ,joe4  
',tis a spry      chap that--as cunning 
as a fox4 ,i tell you what it is--he    
will make a smart man4 ,go home1 ,ammon1
 and tell your ma that      ,i am       
coming4' ',i won't1' said the boy2 'you 
may go hum and      tell her yourself4  
,she has wanted wood cut this hour1 and 
you'll catch it6' ,away ran the dutiful 

son1 but not before      he had applied 
his forefinger significantly to the side
 of      his nose1 and1 with a knowing  
wink1 pointed in the direction      of  
hum4 ,uncle ,joe obeyed the signal1     
drily remarking that he      could not  
leave the barn door without the old hen 
clucking      him back4 ,at this period 
we were still living in ,old ,satan's   
log house1 and anxiously looking out for
 the first snow to      put us in       
possession of the good substantial log  
dwelling      occupied by ,uncle ,joe   
and his family1 which consisted of a    
brown brood of seven girls and this     
highly-prized boy4  ,the names of the   
squatter ladies were of a far superior  
description to those to which their     
brothers answered4 ,looking down upon   
the ,old ,testament1 their godfathers   
had resorted for suggestions to the     
,italian ,opera1 the heathen mythology1 
and the ,minerva press4 ,she of the     
purple garment was called ,emily4 ,this 
was quiet enough4 ,but her associates   

were ,cinderellas1 ,minervas1 and       
,almerias2 and ,amanda was the baptismal
 appellation of one of ,ammon's sisters4
  ,old ,joe1 it will be remembered1 had 
agreed to quit1 when winter set in1 the 
house belonging to the farm which ,mr4  
,moodie had purchased4 ,but even in     
civilized and lawyer-ridden ,england    
possession is held to be nine points of 
the law1 and in ,canada the other tenth 
is thrown in4 ,old ,joe's mother1 an    
abominable ,yankee ,hecate1 grinned like
 a whole bag-full of monkeys when       
informed that her son was expected to   
dis-locate as soon as sleighing began4  
',joe1' she guessed1 'would take his own
 time4 ,the house was      not built    
which was to receive him2 and he was not
 the man      to turn his back upon a   
warm hearth to camp in the              
wilderness4 ,it was neither the first   
snow nor the last frost      that would 
turn ,joe out of his comfortable home4' 
,mrs4 ,hecate spoke a true word4 ,frost 
came1 sledges ran1 thaw began--not an   

inch budged ,joe4 ,the sun gained power1
 a soft south wind fanned the frozen    
earth1 the snow disappeared--still the  
reckless1 dishonest scamp made no sign  
of removing1 and replied with abuse to  
the remonstrances of those to whom his  
dwelling belonged4 ,in the ,states1 and 
with a brother ,yankee1 his obstinacy   
might have led to revolver and rifle    
work4 ,the ,english emigrants patiently 
waited1 to their own great              
inconvenience4 ,joe reckoned he         
shouldn't move till his 'missus' was    
confined--an interesting event which was
 expected to come off in ,may4 ,about   
the middle of that month the ,joe family
 was increased by a sturdy boy1         
whereupon its chief declared his        
intention of turning out in a fortnight1
 if all went well4 ,mrs4 ,moodie did not
 believe him--he had lied so often      
before2 but he was determined to take   
her in at last1 as he had done at first1
 for this time he was as good as his    
word4 ,on the last day of ,may they     

went1 bag and baggage1 and ,mrs4 ,moodie
 sent over her ,scotch maid-servant and 
,irish serving-man to clear out the     
dwelling1 which she justly expected     
would be in bad enough condition4 ,but  
her expectations were far exceeded by   
the reality4 ,the malignity of these    
people1 who from her had received       
nothing but kindness and good offices1  
was degrading to human nature4          
,presently the ,irishman returned1      
panting with indignation3       ',the   
house1' he said1 'was more filthy than a
 pig-sty4' ,but      that was not the   
worst of it2 ,uncle ,joe1 before he     
went1 had      undermined the brick     
chimney1 and let all the water into the 
house4 ',oh6 but if he comes here agin1'
 he continued1      grinding his teeth  
and doubling his fist1 ',i'll thrash him
      for it4 ,and thin1 ,ma'arm1 he has
 girdled round all the best      graft  
apple-trees1 the murtherin' owld        
villain1 as if it      would spile his  
digestion our ating them4'       ,john  

and ,bell scrubbed at the house all day1
 and in the      evening they carried   
over the furniture1 and ,i went to      
inspect our new dwelling4 ,it looked    
beautifully clean and      neat4 ,bell  
had whitewashed all the black1 smoky    
walls1 and      boarded ceilings1 and   
scrubbed the dirty window-frames1 and   
polished the fly-spotted panes of glass1
 until they actually      admitted a    
glimpse of the clear air and the blue   
sky4      ,snow-white-fringed curtains1 
and a bed with furniture to             
correspond1 a carpeted floor1 and a     
large pot of green      boughs on the   
hearthstone1 gave an air of comfort and 
cleanliness to a room which1 only a few 
hours before1 had      been a loathsome 
den of filth and impurity4 ,this change 
would have been very gratifying1 had not
 a strong1      disagreeable odor almost
 deprived me of my breath as ,i         
entered the room4 ,it was unlike any    
thing ,i had ever smelt      before1 and
 turned me so sick and faint1 that ,i   

had to cling      to the door-post for  
support4       ',where does this        
dreadful smell come from8'       ',the  
guidness knows1 ma'am2 ,john and ,i have
 searched the      house from the loft  
to the cellar1 but we canna find out the
      cause of the stink4'       ',it   
must be in the room1 ,bell1 and it is   
impossible to      remain here1 or to   
live in the house1 until it is removed4'
       ,glancing my eyes all round the  
place1 ,i spied what seemed      to me a
 little cupboard1 over the mantel-shelf1
 and ,i told      ,john to see if ,i was
 right4 ,the lad mounted upon a chair1  
and pulled open a small door1 but almost
 fell to the ground      with the       
dreadful stench which seemed to rush    
from the      closet4       ',what is   
it1 ,john8' ,i cried from the open door4
       ',a skunk6 ma'arm1 a skunk6      
,sure1 ,i thought the devil had         
scorched his tail1 and left the grizzled
 hair behind him4      ,what a strong   
perfume it has6' he continued1 holding  

up the      beautiful but odious little 
creature by the tail4       ',by dad6 ,i
 know all about it now4 ,i saw ,ned     
,layton1 only      two days ago1        
crossing the field with ,uncle ,joe1    
with his      gun on his shoulder1 and  
this wee bit baste in his hand4         
,they were both laughing like sixty4    
',well1 if this does not      stink the 
,scotchman out of the house1' said ,joe1
 ',i'll be      content to be tarred and
 feathered2' and thin they both         
laughed until they stopped to draw      
breath4'       ,i could hardly help     
laughing myself2 but ,i begged ,monaghan
      to convey the horrid creature     
away1 and putting some salt      and    
sulphur into a tin plate1 and setting   
fire to it1 ,i      placed it on the    
floor in the middle of the room1 and    
closed      all the doors for an hour1  
which greatly assisted in      purifying
 the house from the skunkification4     
,bell then      washed out the closet   
with strong ley1 and in a short time    

no vestige remained of the malicious    
trick ,uncle ,joe had      played off   
upon us4  ,the smell of skunk and       
,yankee eradicated1 there still was much
 to be done before the house could be   
deemed habitable4 ,it swarmed with mice1
 which all the night long performed     
fantastical dances over the faces and   
pillows of the new comers4 ,the old logs
 which composed the walls of the        
dwelling were alive with bugs and large 
black ants1 and the fleas upon the floor
 were as thick as sand-grains in the    
desert4 ,with the warm weather1 then    
just setting in1 came legions of        
mosquitoes1 that rose in clouds from the
 numerous little streams intersecting   
the valley4 ,but in spite of all these  
discomforts1 summer was felt to be a    
blessing1 and roughing it in the woods  
was far less painful than in the season 
of snow1 and frost1 and storm4          
,the banks of the little streams        
abounded with wild      strawberries1   
which1 although small1 were of a        

delicious      flavor4 ,thither ,bell   
and ,i1 and the baby1 daily repaired to 
gather the bright red berries of        
nature's own providing4      ,katie1    
young as she was1 was very expert at    
helping herself1      and we used to    
seat her in the middle of a fine bed1   
whilst      we gathered farther on4     
,hearing her talking very lovingly to   
something in the grass1 which she tried 
to clutch between      her white hands1 
calling it 'pitty1 pitty1' ,i ran to the
      spot and found it was a large     
garter-snake that she was so            
affectionately courting to her embrace4 
,not then aware that      this          
formidable looking reptile was perfectly
 harmless1 ,i      snatched the child up
 in my arms1 and ran with her home1     
never stopping until ,i reached the     
house and saw her safely      seated in 
her cradle4  ,sixteen years elapsed     
after the departure of ,joe and his     
brood from her neighborhood before ,mrs4
 ,moodie heard any thing of their fate4 

,a winter or two ago1 tidings of them   
reached her through one who had lived   
near them4 ,hecate1 almost a            
centenarian1 occupied a corner of her   
son's barn4 ,she could not dwell in     
harmony under the same roof with her    
daughter-in-law4 ,the lady in purple and
 her sisters were married and scattered 
abroad4 ,joe himself1 who could neither 
read nor write1 had turned itinerant    
preacher4 ,no account was given of the  
hopeful ,ammon4  ,mrs4 ,moodie's work1  
unaffectedly and naturally written1     
though a little coarse1 will delight    
ladies1 please men1 and even amuse      
children4 ,on our readers' account we   
regret our inability to make further    
extracts from its amusing pages4 ,the   
book is one of great originality and    
interest4  ,,footnotes3  #f ,roughing it
 in the ,bush2 or1 ,life in ,canada4 #b 
vols4 ,bentley4     ,from the ,london   
,literary ,gazette4  ,,mr4 ,,squier ,,on
 ,,nicaragua4#g   ,many causes are      
combining to give great importance to   

the ,states of ,central ,america4 ,their
 own fertility and natural advantages1  
the commerce of the ,pacific1 and the   
gold of ,california1 unite to attract   
the earnest attention of enterprising   
men and politicians towards them4 ,at   
the present moment1 the appearance of   
this full and able account of ,nicaragua
 is peculiarly well-timed4 ,the writer  
of it describes himself as late charge  
d'affaires of the ,united ,states to the
 ,republics of ,central ,america4 ,his  
official position has evidently enabled 
him to get at much information that     
would otherwise have been inaccessible4 
,his name is well and favorably known to
 ethnologists and antiquarians by his   
researches into the history of the      
aboriginal monuments of the ,united     
,states1 and by his very curious1 though
 somewhat fanciful1 essay on ,the       
,serpent ,symbol1 and the ,worship of   
the ,reciprocal ,principles of ,nature  
in ,america4 ,the bias and extent of his
 studies make him a very competent      

person to investigate the antiquities of
 ,nicaragua4 ,the chapters devoted to   
this subject in the work before us are  
full of interest1 and highly to be      
valued for the abundance of fresh       
observations they contain4 ,like many   
,american archaeologists and historians1
 ,mr4 ,squier is inclined to            
over-estimate the peculiarities and     
antiquity of the aborigines of the ,new 
,world4 ,if we understand rightly1 he   
claims for them an independent origin4  
,his ethnology is of the romantic       
school1 and rather loose4 ,his          
imagination gets the better of his      
reasoning1 and his organ of wonder1 to  
speak in the manner of phrenologists1 is
 over-developed4 ,his habits of mind and
 training do not seem to be such as to  
qualify him for strict scientific       
research4 ,he is more of the litterateur
 than the philosopher4 ,his writings    
are1 in consequence1 very amusing1 but  
require to be dealt with cautiously4    
,the facts must be winnowed from the    

fancies with which they are mingled1 if 
we wish to use them for scientific      
purposes4  ,imaginative men are usually 
warm lovers and fierce haters4 ,our     
,american envoy's appreciation of female
 charms is so intense1 that he cannot   
pass a pretty woman without inscribing a
 memorandum respecting her in his       
note-book1 afterwards to be printed more
 at length with additional expressions  
of admiration4 ,a pair of black eyes    
cannot sparkle behind a lattice without 
being duly recorded4 ,his affection for 
the ladies is only equalled by his      
dislike of the ,britishers4 ,the        
handsomest girl and the ugliest idol    
could scarcely distract his thought from
 the vices and crimes of ,england and   
the ,english4 ,if he is to be trusted1  
the whole population of ,central        
,america regards every ,englishman as a 
bitter enemy4 ,he paints us in the      
blackest hues1 and prophesies the fall  
of ,england with undisguised delight4   
,bluster about ,britain is the prominent

 fault of the book1 and one for which   
the writer will1 when he knows more     
about us1 be ashamed of himself4 ,every 
day it is becoming more and more the    
interest of ,englishmen and ,americans  
to pull together4 ,consanguinity and the
 love of constitutional liberty are     
strong ties4 ,they may be forgotten for 
a time1 but in the end must work        
uppermost4 ,recent events have done much
 to remind us of our near relationship  
with our transatlantic cousins1 and them
 of the ,anglo-,saxon blood to which    
they owe their pre-eminence among the   
nations of the ,new ,world4 ,the        
grasping and interfering qualities that 
bring down upon us the unmitigated      
censures of ,mr4 ,squier are quite as   
prominently manifested in the doings of 
his countrymen2 and whilst in one       
chapter he censures our meddlings with1 
and claims upon1 the ,mosquito shore1 in
 another he anticipates something very  
like the annexation of all ,central     
,america to the ,united ,states4  ,the  

,mosquito country1 about which we have  
seen of late so many very unsatisfactory
 paragraphs in our newspapers1 is a     
thinly populated and most unhealthy     
tract on the ,atlantic sea-board of     
,central ,america4 ,it is inhabited by a
 mixed breed of ,indians and ,negroes1  
supposed to be ruled by a semi-civilized
 individual1 who rejoices in the        
entomological title of ,king of the     
,mosquitoes1 one by no means            
inappropriate1 considering the amount of
 small annoyance we have endured through
 disputes about his territory4 ,he is   
supposed to be under ,british           
protection2 it is difficult to          
understand exactly why4 ,the main       
purpose we have in view seems to be the 
securing a proper supply of the peculiar
 hard woods of this region4 ,britons at 
home generally make peace over their    
mahogany2 abroad they seem to pick      
quarrels over it4  ,central ,america    
includes an era of #aej1jjj square      
miles4 ,under ,spanish dominion it was  

divided into the provinces of           
,guatemala1 ,honduras1 ,san ,salvador1  
,nicaragua1 and ,costa ,rica4 ,these    
became independent states in #ahba1 and 
subsequently united to form the         
,republic of ,central ,america4 ,they   
separated again1 in #ahci1 into so many 
distinct republics4 ,nicaragua1         
,honduras1 and ,san ,salvador have      
recently confederated4 ,the entire      
region of ,central ,america presents    
very marked and important physical      
features4 ,these are the great plain1   
six thousand feet above the sea1 upon   
which stands the city of ,guatemala2 the
 high plain forming the centre of       
,honduras and part of ,nicaragua2 and   
the elevated country of ,costa ,rica4   
,between the two latter lies the basin  
of the ,nicaraguan ,lakes1 with broad   
and undulating verdant slopes broken by 
steep volcanic cones1 and a few ranges  
of hills along the shores of the        
,pacific1 intermingled with undulating  
plains4 ,of the two great lakes1 the    

lesser1 ,managua1 is one hundred and    
fifty-six feet1 and the larger1         
,nicaragua1 one hundred and twenty-eight
 feet above the ,pacific ocean4 ,the    
former is fifty or sixty miles in length
 by thirty-five wide1 the latter above a
 hundred miles long by fifty wide4 ,on  
or near their western borders are the   
chief cities of the country4 ,enormous  
isolated volcanic cones rise to the     
height of from #djjj to #gjjj feet in   
their neighborhood or on the islands    
that stud them4 ,numerous remains of    
antiquity1 ruins of temples1 and        
deserted monolithic idols1 give interest
 to their precincts1 whilst the scenery 
is described as being surpassingly grand
 and beautiful4 ,the sole outlet is the 
river ,san ,juan1 a magnificent stream  
flowing from the southeastern extremity 
of ,lake ,nicaragua1 for a length of    
about ninety miles1 into the ,atlantic4 
,the climate is generally healthy1 more 
especially towards the ,pacific side4   
,nicaragua is inhabited by a population 

of about #bfj1jjj1 one-half of which1 or
 more1 is composed of mixed breeds1     
,indians1 in great part civilized1      
coming next in number1 then whites1 of  
whom there are about #be1jjj1 and1      
lastly1 some #ae1jjj ,negroes4 ,they    
live chiefly in towns1 and cultivate the
 soil1 which is very productive1 and    
capable of supporting a much larger     
population4 ,the natural resources of   
,nicaragua appear to be very great4     
,sugar1 cotton1 coffee1 indigo1 tobacco1
 rice1 and maize1 are the chief         
productions4 ,there is1 besides1 great  
mineral wealth4 ,in ancient times the   
aborigines appear to have occupied      
considerable cities1 and to have        
attained a civilization comparable with 
that of the ,mexicans4 ,indeed1 ,mr4    
,squier has proved1 by philological and 
other evidence1 that a ,mexican colony  
did exist in ,nicaragua at the period of
 the discovery of the country in the    
fifteenth century4 ,this had been       
surmised before1 but not clearly made   

out4  ,much interest attaches to the    
population of ,nicaragua1 on account of 
the large proportion of families of     
,indian blood1 pure and mixed1 of whom  
it is made up4 ,the qualities which     
enabled the ancient ,indian people of   
,mexico1 ,central ,america1 and ,peru1  
to become civilized nations after a     
peculiar fashion1 are not extinct1 and  
seem to be retained and re-developed in 
proportion to the prevalence of ,indian 
over ,spanish blood4 ,the ,indians of   
,nicaragua are remarkable for industry  
and docility2 they are unobtrusive1     
hospitable1 and brave1 although1        
fortunately for themselves1 not warlike4
 ,they make good soldiers1 yet have no  
morbid taste for the military           
profession4 ,the men are agriculturists2
 the women occupy themselves with the   
weaving of cotton1 and make fabrics of  
good quality and tasteful design4 ,it is
 interesting to find the ,tyrian dye    
still employed in their manufactures4   
,they procure it from a species of      

,murex inhabiting the shores of the     
,pacific4 ,they take the cotton thread  
to the sea-side1 where1 having gathered 
together a sufficient quantity of       
shell-fish1 they patiently squeeze over 
the cotton the coloring fluid1 at first 
pellucid and colorless1 from the        
animals1 one by one4 ,at first the      
thread is pale blue1 but on exposure to 
the atmosphere becomes of the desired   
purple4 ,this color is so prized that   
purple thread dyed by cheaper and       
speedier methods1 imported from ,europe1
 cannot supplant the native product4    
,with mingled humanity and thrift they  
replace the whelks in their native      
element1 after these shell-fish have    
yielded up the precious liquor for which
 they were originally gathered4 ,the    
,indian population also exclusively     
manufacture variegated mats and hammocks
 from the ,pita1 a species of ,agave1   
and are as skilful as their ancient     
ancestors in the making of pottery4     
,they do not use the potter's wheel4    

,politically they enjoy equal privileges
 with the whites1 and all positions in  
church and state are open to them4      
,among them are men of decided talent4  
,physically they are a smaller and paler
 race than the ,indians of the ,united  
,states1 but are well developed and     
muscular4 ,their women are not          
unfrequently pretty1 and when young are 
often very finely formed4  ,happily in  
,nicaragua no distinctions of caste are 
recognized1 or1 at any rate1 they have  
no influence4 ,such of the people as    
claim to be of pure ,spanish blood are1 
in most instances1 evidently partly of  
,indian descent4 ,the ,sambos1 or       
offspring of ,indian and ,negro parents1
 are a fine race of people1 taller and  
stronger than the ,indians4  ,mr4       
,squier's admiration for the gentler 7in
 ,nicaragua we can scarcely say the     
fair7 sex1 has led him to picture very  
vividly the charms and appearance of the
 ladies he encountered during his       
travels4 ,the following is a precise and

 tempting description3       ,the women 
of pure ,spanish stock are very fair1   
and have the      embonpoint which      
characterizes the sex under the tropics4
      ,their dress1 except in a few     
instances where the stiff      costume  
of our own country had been adopted1 was
 exceedingly      loose and flowing1    
leaving the neck and arms exposed4 ,the 
entire dress was often pure white1 but  
generally the skirt1      or nagua1 was 
of some flowered stuff1 in which case   
the      guipil 7anglice1 vandyke7 was  
white1 heavily trimmed      with lace4  
,satin slippers1 a red or purple sash   
wound      loosely round the waist1 and 
a rosary sustaining a little      golden
 cross1 with a narrow golden band or a  
string of      pearls extending around  
the forehead and binding the hair1      
which often fell in luxuriant waves upon
 their shoulders1      completed a      
costume as novel as it was graceful and 
picturesque4 ,to all this1 add the      
superior attractions of an      oval    

face1 regular features1 large and       
lustrous black eyes1      small mouth1  
pearly white teeth1 and tiny hands and  
feet1      and withal a low but clear   
voice1 and the reader has a      picture
 of a ,central ,american lady of pure   
stock4 ,very many      of the women     
have1 however1 an infusion of other     
families      and races1 from the       
,saracen to the ,indian and the ,negro1 
in      every degree of intermixture4   
,and as tastes differ1 so many          
opinions as to whether the tinge of     
brown1 through which the      blood     
glows with a peach-like bloom1 in the   
complexion of      the girl who may     
trace her lineage to the caziques upon  
one      side1 and the haughty grandees 
of ,andalusia and ,seville on      the  
other1 superadded1 as it usually is1 to 
a greater      lightness of figure and  
animation of face1--whether this is     
not a more real beauty than that of the 
fair and more      languid senora1 whose
 white and almost transparent skin      

bespeaks a purer ancestry4 ,nor is the  
,indian girl1 with her      full1 little
 figure1 long1 glossy hair1 quick and   
mischievous eyes1 who walks erect as a  
grenadier beneath her      heavy        
water-jar1 and salutes you in a musical1
 impudent      voice as you pass--nor is
 the ,indian girl to be overlooked      
in the novel contrasts which the 'bello 
sexo' affords in      this glorious land
 of the sun4  ,the ,nicaraguan ladies   
occupy themselves with smoking and      
displaying little feet in satin slippers
 when daily they go to church and back4 
,in the early evening they occasionally 
pay visits1 and if a number of both     
sexes happen to assemble at the same    
house a dance is improvised1 though     
regular parties or balls are rare and   
ceremonial4  ,at festival seasons the   
,nicaraguans have some curious customs1 
apparently derived from their ancient   
heathen worship4  ,in some of the       
,nicaraguan towns1 especially in ,leon1 
the pernicious practice of burying the  

dead within the walls of city churches  
is persisted in1 even as in ,london1    
and1 just as with us1 against the       
opposition of all sensible persons1     
including the government itself4 ,fees  
to the church and attendant officials   
are at the root of the evil1 and give it
 a vitality that defies all attempts at 
eradication4 ,the priests of ,leon have 
evaded all edicts about this nuisance1  
and have improved upon the practice of  
our metropolitan parishes2 for1 not     
content with the revenues they derive   
from funerals1 they charge according to 
the length of time 7from ten to         
twenty-five years7 the dead are to be   
permitted by them to rest in their      
graves4 ,when the purchased time is up1 
the bones and the earth derived from the
 decomposed corpses are removed and sold
 to the manufacturers of nitre6 ,the    
least warlike of citizens may thus in   
the end become a defender of his        
country1 when converted into a          
constituent of gunpowder4 ,the most     

quiet and unambitious of mortals may    
complete his career by making a noise in
 the world1 when fired off from a       
mortar4 ,assuredly this is a very novel 
and original method of shooting         
churchyard rubbish1 and we recommend a  
fair consideration of it to our vested  
parochial authorities4  ,mr4 ,squier    
claims to be the first person who has   
described the ancient monuments of      
,nicaragua1 or1 indeed1 to have         
indicated their existence4 ,excellent   
and numerous plates and cuts of these   
very interesting though rather frightful
 relics are given in his work4 ,hitherto
 the antiquities of the northern portion
 of ,central ,america only have been    
explored1 and are familiar to us through
 the researches of ,stephens and of     
,catherwood4 ,the ,indians still        
reverence the shrines and statues of    
their ancient gods1 and are apt to      
conceal their knowledge about their     
localities and existence4 ,those        
described by our traveller have mostly  

suffered dilapidation through the       
religious zeal of the conquerors4 ,they 
appear to differ among themselves       
somewhat in degree of antiquity1 but    
there is no good reason--this is the    
conclusion to which ,mr4 ,squier        
comes--for supposing that they were not 
made by the nations found in possession 
of the country4 ,the structures in or   
about which1 they were originally placed
 were probably of wood1 and great mounds
 and earthworks1 like the teocallis of  
,mexico1 were associated with them4  ,a 
section of ,mr4 ,squier's work is       
devoted to an elaborate dissertation on 
the proposed interoceanic canal1        
illustrated by an excellent map4 ,we    
recommend these chapters to the         
consideration of all who are interested 
upon this important subject4 ,like most 
parts of his book it is defaced by not a
 few sneers at1 and misstatements about1
 the ,english4 ,about the bad taste of  
these outbursts we shall not say more4  
,that they should come from a man who is

 professionally a diplomatist1 is       
evidence of his indiscretion and        
unfitness for his political calling4 ,as
 an amusing traveller and diligent      
antiquarian1 however1 we can do ,mr4    
,squier full honor1 and were glad to see
 the just compliment lately paid to him 
in ,london1 when our ,antiquarian       
,society elected him an honorary member4
  ,this interesting and important work  
of our countryman is reviewed in a      
flattering manner in most of the great  
organs of critical opinion in ,england1 
and its sale there1 as well as in this  
country1 has been very large for one so 
costly4  ,,footnotes3  #g ,nicaragua2   
its ,people1 ,scenery1 ,monuments1 and  
the ,proposed ,inter-oceanic ,canal4 ,by
 ,e4 ,g4 ,squier4 ,new-,york3           
,appletons4     ,from the ,dublin       
,university ,magazine4  ,,the ,,heirs   
,,of ,,randolph ,,abbey4#h  ,,iv4 ,,the 
,,midnight ,,voice ,,and ,,its          
,,answered ,,call4   ,lady ,randolph    
took leave of ,lilias at the door of her

 room1 and she having1 with infinite    
trepidation1 declined the services of   
the lady's maid1 who seemed to her      
rather more awful and stately than the  
lady herself1 soon remained alone in the
 magnificent apartment which had been   
assigned to her4 ,she looked all around 
it with a glance of some disquietude1   
for the vastness of the room1 and the   
dark oak furniture1 made it look very   
gloomy4 ,she contemplated the huge bed1 
which bore an unpleasant resemblance to 
a hearse1 with the utmost awe2 it seemed
 to her that there was room for a dozen 
concealed robbers within the massive    
folds of the sombre curtains1 and the   
reflection of her own figure in the tall
 mirrors1 looked strangely like a white 
ghost wandering stealthily to and fro2  
the only gleam of comfort that shone in 
upon her1 was from the glimpse of the   
midnight sky that could be seen through 
the chinks of the window-shutters4 ,as  
the night was not cold she went and     
threw the window open1 feeling that the 

companionship of the stars would destroy
 all these fantastic fancies2 and very  
soon her sense of loneliness and        
oppression passed away1 for there came a
 soft wind that lifted the curls of her 
long fair hair1 and kissed her cheek    
caressingly1 and she could not help     
believing it was a breeze from the      
,irish hills that bore to her the       
blessing of her kind old grandfather2   
gayly as ever she closed the window and 
went to sit down1 wondering if ever she 
should feel inclined to sleep again     
after the excitement of the last two    
days4 ,she had unbound her hair and let 
it fall around her like a golden veil1  
when1 suddenly1 a sound came floating   
towards her1 on the still night air1    
which irresistibly attracted her        
attention4  ,it was a sound of music1   
deep solemn music1 rising with a power  
and richness of melody she had never    
heard before2 whence it came1 or how it 
was produced1 she could not conceive1   
for it seemed to her unpractised ear not

 to proceed from one instrument1 but    
from many1 and yet there was through it 
all a unity of harmony which could      
result from the influence of a single   
mind alone3 now1 it swelled out into    
soft thunders that vibrated through the 
long passages up to the very roof of her
 vaulted room1 and deep into her beating
 heart1 then it died away to a whisper  
faint as the sigh of a child1 only to   
rise again more glorious than before2   
and1 over all1 heard distinct as the    
lark in heaven at morning's dawn1 there 
thrilled a voice of such unearthly      
sweetness that she could not believe it 
belonged to an inhabitant of this world4
  ,lilias had one of those sensitive    
passionate souls over whom music has an 
uncontrollable power2 but as yet she had
 heard no other instrument than an      
antique harpsichord of her              
grandmother's1 and such singing as the  
village girls regaled her with when they
 stood at work in the fields4 ,no       
wonder1 then1 that this wonderful strain

 had an effect upon her like that of    
enchantment2 it seemed to take          
possession of her whole soul1 and absorb
 every faculty4 ,she became1 as she     
listened1 utterly unconscious of all    
things1 save that this entrancing melody
 drew her towards it with an            
irresistible attraction2 the sound was  
so distant1 yet so clear1 she could not 
tell if even it were within the house at
 all2 but she did not ponder on its     
position1 or on the nature of it2 only1 
like one who walks in sleep1 she rose   
mechanically on her feet to go to it4   
,if her mind1 steeped in that marvellous
 melody1 could reflect at all1 it was to
 conclude that she had fallen asleep and
 was dreaming1 so that she had no       
thought but the longing not to awake    
from a dream so beautiful4 ,slowly drawn
 by the sweet sounds1 as by invisible   
chains1 she moved towards the door and  
opened it2 then1 sweeter1 louder than   
before1 floating into her very soul1    
came that angel voice1 with the full    

swelling chords that seemed1 as it were1
 to clothe it1 filling her with a sense 
of enjoyment so intense1 that she would 
have felt constrained to follow after   
it1 even had she known it would lure her
 to some murderous precipice1 like the  
dangerous sirens in the haunted woods of
 ,germany4  ,truly there was a strange  
fascination in this soft and sublime    
music1 filling the quiet night as with a
 soul1 whose breathing was melody4 ,and 
,lilias yielded without a thought1 or   
effort1 to the entrancing power1 which1 
like a mesmeric influence1 drew her     
imperiously towards it1 panting and     
breathless1 as though she feared the    
sounds would die before she reached     
them--every faculty concentrated in the 
sense of hearing4 ,she hastened rapidly 
along the passages down the wide        
staircase1 and1 guided by the deepening1
 volume of the strain1 reached the door 
of the great hall1 which stood open4    
,she passed within it1 and at once      
discerned1 that from this room proceeded

 the wonderful harmony1 which had so    
allured her1 the instrument whose solemn
 tones formed the accompaniment was     
evidently the magnificent organ1 which  
stood at the further end of the hall2   
and1 as she had never heard one before1 
it is not to be wondered at that now1   
when a hand endowed with extraordinary  
skill drew forth its full power1 she    
should have been enraptured2 but it was 
not so much the majesty of sound1       
swelling from the noblest instrument in 
the world1 that had so won the very soul
 within her as the voice1 sounding      
almost celestial to her ears1 which     
still was thrilling with unutterable    
sweetness through the echoing hall4     
,however glorious those deep low chords1
 it was yet only the metal which gave   
them forth2 but there was a spirit in   
that voice which touched her own spirit1
 and never again could her young soul be
 free and independent as it had been    
before that mysterious contact4  ,a     
little while only does the new-created  

child of dust stand lonely upon earth1  
as ,adam stood in ,eden before he woke  
from his deep sleep to meet the living  
glance of ,eve--a little while in the   
passionless ignorance of youth1 and then
 is the mortal being free--free from    
thought1 from affection1 from desire2   
but soon1 through all the wild tumult   
and turmoil of the world1 he hears the  
voice calling to him1 which demands the 
surrender of his whole being in one deep
 human love1 and no sooner is that      
whisper heard echoing in the depths of  
his heart than1 straightway1 he yields  
up the sweet empire of his life's       
affections2 and henceforward1 whether he
 is blest in close companionship1 or    
divided by some gulf impassable1 over   
which1 most vain and mournfully1 he     
stretches out the longing arms that only
 grasp the vacant air1 still never more 
is he alone1 or free1 for he must live  
in another's life1 and1 even in death1  
desire another's grave4  ,and was it to 
be thus with ,lilias6 the gentle1       

single-hearted child8  ,as she stood at 
the door of the hall1 the words which   
that angel voice was breathing into     
music came with a strange1 deep meaning 
on her ears4 ,there was no light save   
that of the moon1 which streamed in     
long1 soft rays from the one large      
window1 and reached even the gilded     
fluting of the organ1 yet1 through the  
dim shadows1 she could perceive that a  
musician sat before it4 ,the face only  
was visible to her in that half light2  
the upturned face1 with the dark hair   
falling round it1 and the deep gray eyes
 made luminous by the living soul that  
was shining through them4 ,never had she
 looked on him who sat there before1 nor
 could she tell if in truth that        
countenance had any beauty2 only there  
was upon it now a spiritual loveliness  
emanating from the solemn thoughts that 
moved him1 which entered into her heart 
and there abode1 to fade only when      
itself should moulder beneath the coffin
 lid4  ,and now1 still drawn onwards by 

the voice1 her noiseless feet went down 
the hall1 till1 by the side of the      
unconscious musician1 she knelt down    
meekly1 for it seemed to her as though  
adoring reverence were the needful      
homage of one who could create such     
harmony2 and there1 in breathless       
rapture1 with parted lips1 and folded   
hands1 she remained all motionless1 till
 the soft music died away1 as if those  
sounds had been withdrawn again into the
 heaven to which they belonged4  ,then  
he turned1 and his eyes fell upon the   
kneeling figure by his side2 he started 
violently1 and remained mute with       
surprise1 his heart well nigh stopping  
in its beating with astonishment2 almost
 it seemed to him as if his music had   
drawn down an angel from the regions of 
perpetual melody2 so fair and spotless  
did she seem1 the moonlight falling on  
her soft white robes1 and weaving her   
floating hair into a golden tissue with 
the mingling of its own bright rays4    
,speechless he remained gazing with the 

earnest wish that this pure vision might
 not pass away into a dream4 ,but       
meantime the cessation of music had     
unbound the chains that held her young  
soul captive1 and when the sweet face   
turned towards him the childlike        
features1 solemn with intensity of      
feeling1 he saw that they were human    
eyes which met his own1 eyes that could 
weep for sorrow1 and grow beautiful with
 tenderness1 for now a timid glance     
stole into them1 and a faint smile to   
the parted lips4 ,unconsciously1 he let 
his hands fall softly on her head and   
said3  ,where have you come from8 who   
are you8  ,lilias1 she answered1 simply1
 as a child that tells its name when    
asked4  ,lily1 indeed1 he said1 most    
fair and lovely as the snow-white lilies
 are2 but no such gentle vision ever    
came to me before in these dark hours1  
though ,i have been here lonely1 night  
by night4 ,i thought at first it was a  
spirit kneeling there2 and it is scarce 
less marvellous to me that a human being

 should visit me in my solitude1 than   
that some merciful angel should come to 
cheer me4 ,how is it1 then1 that you are
 here8  ,the music seemed to call me and
 ,i came1 she said2 it was so very      
beautiful it drew my whole soul after   
it2 but ,i know ,i should not have      
ventured here at such an hour1 and now  
,i will go back1 only----  ,she         
hesitated1 and looked up pleadingly into
 the eyes that were turned with such    
admiring wonder on her----  ,you live in
 this house8 she asked4  ,i do1 he      
replied1 and then bowed his head as     
though the answer were one of shame4    
,then will you promise me1 she said1    
that ,i shall hear these glorious sounds
 once more8 ,i feel as though ,i could  
have no rest till ,i may listen to them 
yet again1 and to the voice that was as 
a soul within them4 ,may ,i come here   
to-morrow1 and will you bestow on me the
 greatest pleasure ,i have ever known1  
for1 indeed1 ,i never felt such deep    
enjoyment as in hearing that solemn     

strain8  ,most gladly would ,i--most    
gladly see you again1 sweet ,lily2 since
 that is your sweet name2 but do you    
know who ,i am8  ,no1 excepting that ,i 
think you will be my friend1--at least  
,i shall hope it1--for the soul that    
could utter that divine song must be so 
worthy of all friendship4  ,these gentle
 words seemed literally to make him     
tremble1 as another might to hear the   
ravings of passion4  ,oh do not speak so
 softly to me1 he said1 ,i am unused to 
kindness1 and it unmans me2 besides1    
soon you will know all1 and then you    
will neither have the will nor power to 
befriend me1 and it were better for me  
not to have the hope of your future     
sympathy1 thus given for a moment and   
then withdrawn4  ,but why withdrawn8 she
 said1 with her gaze of innocent        
surprise4  ,you are ,sir ,michael's     
niece1 are you not1 the child of his    
favorite brother--his heiress probably8 
,i am his niece1 but not his heiress    
surely2 there are so many worthier      

heirs1 are you not one of them8  ,i6 ,i 
am ,hubert ,lyle4 ,he seemed to expect  
that at the sound of that name she would
 recoil in fear or indignation1 but she 
only repeated the words ,hubert ,lyle1  
and then shook her head gently to       
intimate that it was an unknown sound to
 her2 he smiled with pleasure to hear   
his name so softly spoken by the lips of
 one who seemed to him the purest1      
sweetest vision that ever had blest his 
eyes on earth4 ,i see you have not yet  
learned all the secrets of this house1  
he said1 but it will not be long before 
,sir ,michael's niece shall have been   
taught that there is one beneath this   
roof whom she must hate1 hate even with 
a deadly animosity4 ,i think it will be 
a hard lesson for such a gentle nature2 
he added almost pityingly4 ,a new light 
seemed to break in upon her4  ,oh1 is it
 possible8 she exclaimed2 was it then of
 you that my uncle spoke with such a    
bitter animosity1 as it makes me shiver 
to think one human being should ever    

have the power to feel towards another8 
,i am1 indeed1 the object of his        
abhorrence4  ,but unjustly1 she         
exclaimed1 fixing her candid eyes       
steadily on his face4 ,i know1 ,i feel1 
you have not deserved this cruel hatred4
  ,not at your uncle's hands1 indeed1   
not1 ,i think1 at those of any human    
being1 for ,i know that wilfully ,i have
 injured none2 but1 doubtless1 this     
discipline is all too little for my     
deserts1 as ,i must seem unto no mortal 
sight1 and so it must be borne          
patiently4 ,this humanity touched       
,lilias to the very heart1 her voice    
trembled with eagerness as she said3    
,but do not speak as though ,i or any   
other could ever share in the wrong he  
does you2 rather is it our part to make 
you forget it1 as you have forgiven it1 
by our friendship justly and gladly     
granted to you4  ,most innocent child1  
he said1 it is plain you never yet have 
listened to the voice of your worldly   
interest2 but when that world shall have

 taught you the value of ,sir ,michael's
 favor1 then will even this guileless   
heart be moved to feel or simulate a due
 abhorrence for his enemy4  ,never6 she 
exclaimed1 lifting up her childlike head
 with a noble dignity1 and throwing back
 the long hair that she might stand face
 to face with him to whom she spoke4    
,listen1 ,i do not know you2 as yet ,i  
cannot tell if in very deed you are     
worthy of the loyal true-hearted        
friendship1 which it is a blessing to   
give and to receive from our            
fellow-creatures2 but my heart tells me 
you are so1 even to the very uttermost1 
for ,i think that none could be         
otherwise1 and dare to sing such solemn 
strains before high heaven at dead of   
night2 and if it be so--if indeed you   
are worthy of the esteem and sympathy of
 all who can distinguish between right  
and wrong--then is it your lawful due1  
of which ,i would not dare defraud you1 
for it were high treason against the    
truth and majesty of goodness4 ,if we   

are bound to adore perfection in its    
eternal ,source and ,essence1 so is it  
our very duty and service to pay tribute
 to the faint reflection of that spirit 
in the frail human creature2 and neither
 my uncle1 nor any other on this earth1 
has a right to ask of me1 or shall      
compel me1 to act a lie against the     
sovereign virtue ,i am sworn to worship 
loyally1 by withholding the homage of my
 friendship to all that are good and    
true of heart4  ,pray heaven no taint   
from this bad world may ever reach your 
soul1 were the words that burst from the
 lips of ,hubert ,lyle4 ,yes1 keep--keep
 your pure wisdom and your noble        
principle2 blessed is he who taught them
 to you2 but1 alas6 if ever ,i were     
worthy of the gift of your esteem on the
 basis of that rectitude of which you   
speak1 could even your beautiful        
philosophy stand the test to which it   
would be put before you could give to me
 the name of friend4 ,the darkness      
covers me and you do not yet know what  

,i am--how smitten of heaven as well as 
hunted down of men2 how1 by the very    
decree of nature1 repugnant in their    
sight1 not less than hated for another's
 sake4 ,but ,i will not deceive you2    
none could look upon your face and hide 
one shadow of the bitterest truth3 come1
 and let me show you what ,i am1 and do 
not fear to shrink away from me when you
 have seen that sight4 ,i hope for      
nothing else from any on this earth1 for
 the gentlest look that human eyes have 
ever had for me1 has been one of        
sorrowing pity4  ,he took her by the    
hand1 and led her slowly down the hall  
towards the window1 where the moonlight 
was streaming with a full clear         
radiance4 ,through the shadows they went
 solemnly hand in hand1 and a sensation 
of awe took possession of her2 she felt 
as if he were leading her to the        
threshold of a new life2 strange and    
unknown feelings were stirring at her   
heart1 and a deep instinct whispering   
there1 seemed to tell her that what he  

was about to reveal would have an       
influence on her whole future existence4
 ,he dropped her hand when they passed  
within the circle of light1 and1 placing
 himself where the beams fell brightest1
 he turned and looked upon her4 ,then   
she saw that he was smitten indeed1 and 
that heaven had laid a load upon his    
mortal frame1 heavy1 as that which man  
had built upon his shrinking soul4      
,hubert ,lyle was hopelessly and        
fearfully deformed4 ,it would seem as   
though it were designed for him that he 
should be crushed both in body and in   
spirit1 for his neck was bowed as by an 
iron power1 and the sadness of a life's 
long humiliation was stamped on that    
upturned face2 unlike the countenance of
 many who are deformed in body1 there   
was no beauty on it save in the deep1   
thoughtful eyes1 and the pale forehead1 
whence dark masses of hair were swept   
aside4  ,oh1 how the heart of ,lilias   
trembled as she looked upon him and read
 the measure of his twofold suffering4  

,an outcast1 by deformity1 from the     
common race of man1 and trodden down in 
soul by unmerited contumely or hate4    
,how to the very depths was stirred     
within her that well of tenderness and  
pity for the oppressed which gushes in  
every woman's heart1 as she saw in his  
whole aspect the evidence of a resolute 
and noble endurance1 a patient meekness1
 untinged by a trace of bitterness6 ,she
 could have wept over him1 for she was  
one of those unhappily gifted whose soul
 is like a sensitive plant1 and shrinks 
from the touch of sufferings in others  
with an exquisite susceptibility4 ,her  
natural delicacy1 however1 taught her   
that she must hide from him how deeply  
his infirmity had moved her2 he must see
 in her no evidence of the insulting    
pity to which alone he seemed           
accustomed4 ,he had spoken of her       
shrinking away from him2 she drew       
nearer1 and lifting up her eyes1 smiled 
one quiet1 gentle smile1 as though in   
token that she had seen nought to       

surprise or grieve her2 that look was   
balm to him1 used only to the           
half-averted glance of sad repugnance   
which we are wont to cast on an         
unsightly object4 ,his voice shook with 
mingled eagerness and delight as he     
said3  ,could you indeed take such a    
deformed wretch as ,i am by the hand1   
and stand forth before all the world to 
acknowledge him your friend8  ,is it1   
then1 the perishable1 mortal body that  
we love and hold communion with1 in     
those who are mercifully given to be our
 friends8 she answered2 the frame that  
shall be a thing of dust and worms so   
soon8 ,is it not the indestructible soul
 to which we give our sympathy1 and is  
not that sympathy immortal as itself8   
for nothing good and pure that ever was 
created can have power to perish1 though
 it be only the subtle feeling of a     
human heart2 and so the friendship which
 is given by one deathless spirit to    
another is a link between them for their
 eternity of life1 and what has it to do

 with the outward circumstances of our  
brief sojourn here8 ,she paused1 and    
then anxious to dispel the sort of      
solemnity which had gained on both of   
them1 she said1 playfully3  ,you have   
not yet found a good reason why ,i      
should not some day be your friend2 but 
,i think ,i shall soon give you little  
cause to wish for my acquaintance1 if ,i
 keep you any longer in conversation at 
this strange hour of the night4 ,i must 
go2 for1 indeed1 ,i have lingered too   
long2 but1 no doubt1 we shall meet      
again4 ,he did not seek to detain her2  
he felt that he ought not2 but he knew  
that the smile so sweet and kindly with 
which she had looked on his unsightly   
frame would linger like a sunbeam in his
 memory2 and that1 yet more1 the words  
of pure1 calm wisdom she had uttered    
would never depart from his sad heart2  
for the faith she had shown in that one 
deep truth1 that all things good1 and   
beautiful1 and worth the having1 are    
created for eternity1 and in no sense to

 be influenced by the accidents 7so to  
speak7 of this mere outward life1 had   
suddenly lightened the load of his      
deformity1 which so long had crushed    
down his entire being1 and made him feel
 that it was his undying soul which     
stood face to face with hers--no less   
immortal--and that he1 the actual ego   
the very self1 had nought to do with    
this poor frame1 the magnet1 as he long 
had deemed it1 of the world's hate and  
scorn1 but1 in truth1 only the temporary
 clothing1 soon to be put off1 and now  
unworthy of a thought3 he had felt this1
 as regards the life which was to come1 
when he should be disembarrassed of his 
mortal body2 but he had not understood  
what a deep joy the truth of this       
principle could cast even into this     
present existence4 ,none had taught him1
 by the sweet teaching of entire        
sympathy1 that all true affection is but
 planted in the germ here1 and has its  
full fruition only in eternity4  ,these 
thoughts rose like morning light on his 

soul1 as he stood gazing1 thoughtfully1 
upon her2 whilst she1 now that the      
enthusiasm1 which had been called forth 
by the expression of her own bright     
faith had died away1 had yielded to her 
womanly timidity1 and stood half shy1   
half embarrassed1 not knowing how to    
take leave of the companion she had so  
strangely encountered4 ,he saw this1    
and1 with a ready courtesy1 opened the  
door for her1 and bade her good night1  
thanking her gently for the sweet words 
of comfort she had spoken4 ,she         
expressed a hope once more that they    
should meet again1 and so vanished from 
his sight4 ,the white figure passing    
away into the shadows1 like some fair   
dream into the darkness of a deeper     
sleep4 ,he remained standing on the spot
 where she left him1 clasping his hands 
tightly on his breast4 ,meet again6 he  
repeated thoughtfully1 echoing the words
 she had uttered4 ,i will not desire it2
 ,i will not seek it3 surely it were the
 greatest peril that ever has crossed my

 path4 ,how have ,i labored for peace   
these many years1 and have attained it  
only by stripping my life of every hope 
and wish connected with this world4 ,i  
have so veiled my eyes to its           
allurements1 from which ,i am for ever  
exiled1 that all the living things      
within it have become to me as moving   
shadows in the twilight2 whilst my own  
soul has been bathed in the sunlight of 
an eternal hope2 but if the smile of    
these sweet eyes came falling on my     
heart again--if the spirit that looked  
through them be1 indeed1 as beautiful as
 ,i believe it--if1 day by day1 ,i saw  
the outward loveliness1 and felt the    
inward beauty1 infinitely fairer1 it    
could not fail1 but ,i should grow to   
love her4 ,i--,i--the deformed outcast6 
,oh6 could my worst enemy--could even he
 who hates the very ground on which ,i  
walk1 desire for me a deeper curse than 
that ,i should bring upon myself1 if    
ever ,i made room in this my soul for   
human love4 ,it must not be2 ,i can and 

will avoid her4 ,i will believe that ,i 
have slept and woke again2 and this     
night shall be to me but as one in which
 ,i have dreamt a brighter dream than   
usual4  ,he resumed his habitual        
composure as these thoughts passed      
through his mind2 the resolute calm1    
which was the habitual expression of his
 face1 returned to it1 and quietly he   
left that old hall where the first scene
 in the drama of ,lilias ,randolph's    
life had been enacted4  ,she soon was   
lying in a tranquil slumber--the deep   
sleep of an innocent heart that is      
altogether at rest2 but through all her 
dreams that night1 there went a voice   
whose echo was to haunt her soul for    
evermore4   ,v4 ,a ,,meeting ,,for ,,the
 ,,dissection ,,of ,,souls4  ,lilias1   
like most blythe young spirits1 never   
could sleep after the morning beams came
 to visit her eyelids2 and1 despite the 
unusual excitement of the preceding     
night1 she was roaming through the house
 at a very early hour1 looking bright   

and fresh as the day-dawn itself4 ,she  
passed through the old hall with timid  
steps1 though it was now deserted by the
 musician1 with whom her thoughts had   
been busy ever since she awoke4 ,deep   
was the pity that had sprung to life1   
never more to die in her young heart for
 him3 not a barren pity1 but active1    
tender1 woman-like1 that would take no  
rest till it had found some means of    
ministering to his happiness4 ,for the  
present it expended itself in an earnest
 desire to discover all concerning him1 
and most especially whether1 amongst all
 the inhabitants of ,randolph ,abbey1 he
 had no friend to counterbalance the    
animosity of his one known enemy4 ,to   
see him again likewise1 not once but    
often1 was a determination which she    
could not fail to form after the        
conversation she had held with him2 her 
generous spirit was in some sense bound 
to this1 and it did but deepen her      
longing to draw near to one so doubly   
stricken4 ,occupied with these thoughts1

 ,lilias passed through the drawing-room
 to a verandah which opened from it1 and
 where she could enjoy the fresh air    
whilst sheltered from the sun4 ,there   
were couches placed there1 and as       
,lilias moved towards one of them1 she  
was startled by perceiving a motionless 
figure extended upon it4  ,it was       
,aletheia1 apparently in a profound     
slumber2 but to ,lilias she seemed like 
a corpse laid out for burial1 so pale1  
so rigid was her face4 ,the cold1 white 
hands were folded on her breast as in   
dumb supplication1 and they were scarce 
stirred by her slow breathing1 or the   
dull1 heavy beating of her heart4 ,her  
countenance bore an expression of       
extreme fatigue1 and it seemed plain to 
,lilias that she had been walking to a  
great distance4 ,her hair1 matted with  
dew1 was clinging wet to her temples1   
and her bonnet lay on the ground beside 
her4 ,lilias gazed at her with a feeling
 almost of awe1 wondering what was the  
secret of this strange cousin's life1   

and a slight movement which she made    
awoke ,aletheia4 ,slowly the eyelids    
rose over those sad eyes1 and revealed1 
as the power of thought stole into them1
 a depth of pain1 of mute entreaty1     
which seemed to indicate an imploring   
desire that she might not be commanded  
to take up the burden of returning life4
 ,she tried to close them again1 but in 
vain2 the light sleep was altogether    
broken1 and1 raising herself up1 with a 
heavy sigh she turned a look of         
involuntary reproach on ,lilias4  ,i am 
so sorry ,i awoke you1 said the latter1 
breathlessly4 ,i did not mean it1       
indeed2 you were not resting well2 but  
,i am afraid you did not wish to be     
awakened4  ,no1 said the low voice of   
,aletheia1 which seemed ever to come    
from her lips without stirring them1 for
 it is the only injury any one can do to
 me4  ,an injury6 said ,lilias1 in her  
innocent surprise1 to wake on this      
bright morning and beautiful world4     
,bright and beautiful1 said ,aletheia1  

musingly1 how these words are like      
dreams of long1 long ago4 ,my days have 
no part in them now2 but think no more  
of having awakened me1 it matters       
nothing2 and it would have been strange1
 indeed1 if such as you had known how   
many are roused to the morning light    
with the one cry in their heart--'must  
,i1 must ,i live again8'  ,i cannot     
conceive it1 said ,lilias2 ,i always    
wish there were no night1 it seems so   
sad to go away and shut one's eyes on   
all one loves and admires4  ,yet1       
believe me1 to some sleep is            
precious--more precious even than death1
 for all it seems so like an angel of   
rest and mercy2 the brief forgetfulness 
of sleep is certain1 whilst in death the
 soul feels there is no oblivion4  ,it  
was to the gay1 young ,lilias1 as though
 ,aletheia were speaking in an unknown  
tongue2 her unclouded spirit understood 
none of these things2 but in spite of   
her prejudice against this strange      
person1 she felt struck with pity as she

 saw her sitting there with the wet hair
 clinging to her cold1 white cheek4     
,you are very tired2 ,i am afraid1 she  
said1 you have walked a long distance4  
,aletheia started1 and the pale lips    
grew paler1 as she exclaimed1 almost    
passionately--  ,you have been watching 
me6  ,no1 indeed1 said ,lilias1         
distressed at the idea1 how could you   
think me capable of it8 ,i did not see  
you until ,i came into the verandah2 but
 ,i guessed you had gone out early1     
because your clothes are all wet with   
dew4  ,aletheia rose up4  ,lilias1 you  
are come to live in the same house with 
me1 and therefore is it necessary ,i    
should make to you one prayer4 ,i do    
beseech you1 as you hope that men will  
deal mercifully with your life1 grant me
 the only mercy they can give to        
mine--leave me alone2 forget that ,i    
exist2 live as if ,i did not1 or were   
dead4 ,i ask nothing but this1 to be    
unmolested and forgotten4  ,she turned  
to go into the room as she spoke1 but   

she was stopped by the appearance of    
,gabriel1 who was creeping1 with his    
quiet1 stealthy step1 towards her2 his  
blue eyes1 usually so soft1 glowing with
 the intensity of his ardent gaze4 ,she 
paused and looked at him sadly4         
,gabriel1 you heard what ,i said to     
,lilias just now2 it is nothing new to  
you2 you know well and deeply what is my
 one desire--the petition ,i make to    
all4 ,why1 then1 will you live1 as it   
were in my shadow--why will you         
persecute me8 ,he made no answer1 but by
 folding his hands in mute appeal and   
bowing his head humbly over them4 ,she  
passed him in silence1 and went into the
 house4 ,he followed softly after her1  
and ,lilias was left alone4  ,the poor  
child drew a long breath1 and felt at   
the moment an intense desire to be at   
liberty amongst the ,connaught hills    
again1 where the thoughts and words of  
the rough country people seemed free and
 fresh as the winds that blew there2 all
 seemed so strange and mysterious in    

this house2 she had been brought        
suddenly into contact with that deep    
human passion of which she knew nothing1
 and felt as if she were in the midst of
 some entangled web1 where nothing plain
 or regular was to be seen4 ,her        
momentary wish to escape1 however1 died 
away1 as the recollection came upon her1
 borne as it were1 by the wings of      
memory1 of the one sweet haunting voice1
 and solemn strain4 ,nor was she long   
left to her own reflections2 ,sir       
,michael1 who so rarely left his own    
rooms1 came in search of her1 and fairly
 monopolized her during the whole of the
 day4 ,he persuaded her to stay with him
 in his laboratory1 and seemed to take  
infinite pleasure in hearing her talk of
 all that had been joy to her in her    
past life4  ,and truly it was a strange 
sight to see her in that dark little    
den1 with her innocent face and her fair
 white robes1 sitting so fearlessly at  
the feet of the old man1 telling him    
stories of ,irish banshees1 and sunny   

nooks in her native valley1 where her   
nurse said the fairies danced all night 
long4 ,to hear her talk1 and to have her
 sweet presence1 was to ,sir ,michael as
 though some fresh breeze were passing  
over his withered soul2 and the tones of
 her voice were so like those of his    
long-lost brother1 that at times he     
could dream they were side by side      
again1 both young1 full of hope that was
 to bear fruit1 for him at least1 in    
bitterest despair1 and with passions yet
 unchained from the depth of his heart4 
,the first pleasure he had tasted for   
years was in ,lilias's society1 and he  
inwardly determined to enjoy as much of 
it henceforward as was possible--a      
resolution which we may so far          
anticipate as to mention he rigidly     
kept1 to the sore discomfiture of poor  
little ,lilias4  ,he had a deeper motive
 for it in the movement of jealousy he  
had witnessed in his beautiful wife1    
when he took his niece in his arms the  
day before4 ,indifferent as she was to  

him1 she was too thorough a woman to    
relish the idea1 that the sole and      
undivided dominion she had maintained   
over his heart was to be diminished by  
the entrance even of the most natural   
affection4 ,she need have had no fears2 
the passion of a life was not now to be 
tempered by any such influence4 ,lilias 
was to him simply an occupation for his 
restless mind2 she preserved him from   
thinking1 better than his chemical      
experiments1 and1 above all1 she gave   
him the exquisite delight of feeling    
that he had power to move his scornful  
wife even yet2 so ,lilias was doomed    
from that day to be his constant        
companion4  ,he did not suppose she     
would like it1 though he did not guess1 
as she sat by his side1 how restlessly  
her poor little feet were longing to be 
away bounding on the soft1 green grass2 
but he resolved to compensate her for   
her daily imprisonment by making her his
 heiress3 a determination subject to any
 change of circumstances that might     

cause him to alter it1 which he did not 
conceal either from her or the rest of  
the family4  ,we are anticipating1      
however2 the first day of ,lilias's     
probation is not yet over4 ,very wearily
 it passed1 because her eager mind was  
bent on seeing ,hubert ,lyle2 and not   
only did her uncle never mention his    
name1 but she found no opportunity of   
asking any one who and what he was1 and 
where she could meet with him again4 ,it
 was not till the evening that she found
 the family once more assembled1 and as 
she gazed round amongst them all with   
this object in her thoughts1 she felt   
there was but one who inspired her with 
any confidence1 or to whom she could    
speak freely4 ,this was ,walter1 with   
his fine frank countenance and winning  
smile2 and she was very glad when they  
found themselves accidentally alone in  
the music-room1 where ,sir ,michael left
 them1 after listening1 with evident    
pleasure1 to her sweet voice singing    
like a bird in the sky4  ,lilias turned 

round hastily to ,walter1 with such a   
pair of speaking eyes1 that he laughed  
gayly1 and answered them at once----    
,how can ,i help you8 ,i see you have a 
great deal to say4  ,oh1 yes1 cousin    
,walter2 ,i have been longing to speak  
to you2 you are the only one in all this
 house ,i am not afraid of4 ,i want you 
to tell me so many things6  ,and what   
things1 dear ,lilias8 ,this is rather   
vague4  ,oh1 every thing about every    
body1 they are all so mysterious4       
,well1 so they are1 he said laughing3 ,i
 find them so myself4 ,i can quite fancy
 how you feel1 like a poor little fly1  
caught in some great web1 and surrounded
 by spiders of all kinds and dimensions1
 each weaving their separate snares4    
,precisely2 and now ,i want you to      
explain all the spiders to me2 you must 
classify them1 and tell me which are    
venomous1 and which are not1 she said1  
laughing along with him4  ,i wish ,i    
could1 answered ,walter1 but they are   
quite beyond me--they are not in my line

 at all1 ,i assure you4 ,i never could  
keep a secret in my life2 but ,i will do
 my best to enlighten you4 ,i can tell  
you certain peculiarities at all events4
 ,suppose we make a sort of catechism of
 it2 you shall question and ,i shall    
answer4  ,very well1 said ,lilias1      
entering into the spirit of his gayety1 
and so to begin--,why does ,lady        
,randolph look so strangely at ,sir     
,michael1 and always seem anxious to go 
out of the room whenever he comes in8   
,because she hates him1 replied ,walter4
  ,how very strange2 people seem to hate
 a good deal at ,randolph ,abbey2 but is
 it always their nearest relations1 as  
in this case8  ,why no2 as you proceed  
in your catechism ,i doubt not we shall 
have occasion to mention certain hatreds
 in this household1 which are in no     
sense affected by natural ties4  ,well  
to proceed1 said ,lilias2 why does      
,gabriel hour after hour keep his eyes  
fixed on ,aletheia1 with a strange look 
which makes me fancy he thinks she would

 die if he were to cease gazing on her8 
,because he loves her1 answered ,walter4
  ,but she does not love him1 exclaimed 
,lilias1 with a woman's instinct4  ,most
 certainly not4  ,there is so much ,i   
have to ask about her4 ,tell me why it  
is that she has such imploring eyes4 ,i 
never1 on a human face1 saw an          
expression of such mute entreaty2 ,i saw
 it once in the wistful look of a poor  
deer which they killed on our ,irish    
hills4 ,i remember so well when it lay  
wounded1 and the gamekeeper came near   
with the knife1 it lifted up its great  
brown eyes with just such a dumb        
beseeching gaze1 but that was only for a
 moment4 ,it soon died1 poor thing2 and 
with ,aletheia1 that mournful           
supplication seems stamped on her       
countenance1 as though her very life    
were to be spent in it4  ,ah6 if you ask
 me about ,aletheia1 said ,walter1 ,i am
 powerless at once4 ,i can tell you     
nothing of her2 she is a greater mystery
 in herself than all the rest put       

together2 this only seems plain to me1  
that her existence is1 for some         
unexplicable reason1 one living agony4  
,if ,i thought so ,i should be so angry 
with myself for having felt prejudiced  
against her1 which1 ,i confess1 ,i have 
done1 for a reason ,i could not name to 
you4 ,she is so cold and statue-like1 ,i
 thought she seemed lost to all human   
feeling2 but if it be suffering1 and not
 insensibility1 which makes her move    
about amongst us as if she had been     
dead1 and forced unwillingly to live    
again1 ,i should try to overcome the    
sort of awe with which she has inspired 
me4  ,i believe it matters little how   
you feel respecting her1 for you will   
never conquer her impenetrable reserve2 
even poor ,gabriel1 who seems fascinated
 by her to a marvellous extent1 has ever
 struggled vainly against her implacable
 calm4 ,it is seldom1 ,i think1 that one
 human being can so lavish all his      
sympathies upon another1 as he has done 
on her1 without gaining some sign of    

life at least2 but he tells me it is as 
though the living soul within her were  
cased in iron2 he cannot draw it out of 
the dungeon where she seems to have     
buried it1 to meet even for a moment his
 own ardent spirit4  ,but ,i hardly     
wonder at this1 if she does not love    
him1 said ,lilias4  ,you mistake me1    
replied ,walter3 ,i do not expect that  
she should return his affection2 but she
 seems utterly unaware of its existence2
 she appears ever to be so intent in    
listening to some voice we cannot hear1 
that all human words are unheeded by    
her2 those deep1 beseeching eyes of hers
 are ever gazing out1 as though the     
world and all the things of it1 were but
 moving shadows for her1 because of the 
greatness of some one thought which is  
alone reality to her2 yet that there    
lives a most burning soul within that   
statue of ice1 ,i can no more doubt than
 that the snows of ,etna hide1 but do   
not quench its fiery heart4  ,and does  
no one know the secret of her life8     

asked ,lilias4  ,no one1 that ,i am     
aware of--none at least1 now living2    
that her father did1 whose idol she was1
 ,i have reason to think from some      
remarks of ,sir ,michael's2 he himself  
knows possibly somewhat more than we do1
 though assuredly not the real truth1   
nor more than some external             
peculiarities of her position4 ,i have  
heard1 however1 that before she would   
consent to come here1 even for six      
months1 and that with the chance of     
being chosen as the heiress1 she made   
certain conditions with her uncle       
respecting the liberty she was to be    
allowed4 ,i presume this to refer       
chiefly to a strange visit which she    
receives one day in every month1 on     
which day alone ,i believe has any human
 being seen her moved4  ,and who is this
 visitor8 exclaimed ,lilias4  ,that is  
more than ,i can tell you2 and all ,i   
know of him is that ,i have heard his   
sharp quick step1 which certainly is the
 step of a man1 going across the hall to

 the library1 where ,aletheia receives  
him2 and an hour or so later ,i have    
heard the same tread as he leaves the   
house2 then the galloping of his horse  
sounds for a moment on the gravel1 and  
that is all that any one at ,randolph   
,abbey hears of the only friend she     
seems to possess4  ,does even ,gabriel  
not know him8  ,he may have seen him2   
but he does not know him1 ,i am sure2 it
 is quite wonderful how little knowledge
 he has acquired concerning ,aletheia1  
considering the means he has taken to   
penetrate her secret--means which1 ,i   
confess to you1 ,i should have scorned  
to employ1 even though1 like him1 my    
dearest interests were at stake2 for    
instance1 he has actually more than once
 tracked her in her mysterious morning  
walks4  ,what6 does she walk every day1 
said ,lilias1 in astonishment2 ,i found 
her this morning lying quite exhausted  
in the verandah4 ,she must have been to 
a great distance2 surely she does not do
 the same every day8  ,every day1 so far

 as ,i know1 she does walk to precisely 
the same spot1 and that several miles   
distance2 it is certainly beyond her    
strength1 for she is often in a state of
 frightful exhaustion when she returns2 
but even in the coldest spring mornings 
she used to leave the house1 long before
 it was light1 to make this pilgrimage2 
it seems she wishes to avoid the        
observation she would incur later in the
 day4  ,then it was cruel of ,gabriel to
 follow her4  ,it was2 but ,i think he  
is often maddened to find how his great 
love comes beating up against the rock  
of her impenetrable calm1 like waves    
upon the shore1 leaving no trace behind4
  ,do you know1 said ,lilias1 with a    
wondering look in her cloudless eyes1 ,i
 think ,gabriel has his mysteries too1  
like every one else in this strange     
house4 ,i can understand his watching   
,aletheia1 if his whole heart is for    
ever turning to her1 as you describe2   
but it is not her alone1 for in the     
short time ,i have know him1 ,i am sure 

he has managed to find out more about me
 than ever ,i knew myself2 those soft   
blue eyes of his seem to look so        
stealthily into one's soul4 ,i am       
convinced he could tell you every thing 
,i have done and said the whole of this 
day4 ,you know ,sir ,michael made me    
stay with him ever since morning1 but ,i
 never passed out of this room without  
meeting ,gabriel in the passage4  ,that 
,i can easily believe4 ,i always feel as
 if ,gabriel acted in this delectable   
abode the part of a cat watching        
innumerable mice2 he has an anomalous   
sort of character2 but one of his       
qualities is sufficiently distinct1     
which is a very acute penetration2 he   
can divine the most intricate affairs   
from the smallest possible indications4 
,for my own part1 ,i make not the       
slightest attempt to conceal my         
innermost thoughts from him2 happily ,i 
have nothing to hide1 but if ,i had1 ,i 
should let him know it at once2 it would
 save all trouble1 as he would          

infallibly find it out4  ,but what do   
you mean by an anomalous character8     
asked ,lilias4  ,a sort of double       
nature2 he seems to me to have naturally
 good impulses on which some guiding    
hand has ingrafted a calculating        
disposition that sorely warps them2 he  
has no control whatever over his        
passions1 yet the most perfect over his 
outward words and actions1 whereby he   
effectually conceals them when he so    
pleases4 ,certain it is1 that he has an 
indomitable will to which every thing   
else is subservient2 but much of this   
inconsistency of his character may be   
attributed to his position2 here he is  
the nephew of ,sir ,michael             
,randolph--the possible heir of         
,randolph ,abbey2 but he was educated by
 a person whom we know to be of low     
station1 and ,i believe must be equally 
so in mind4  ,his mother8 asked ,lilias4
  ,yes2 ,i know nothing of her1 nor does
 he ever allude to his past life4 ,i do 
not even know where she lives2 he is    

simply ashamed of her1 ,i presume1 and  
,i sometimes think we should have the   
key-stone to ,gabriel's character in a  
violent ambition1 were it not so        
neutralized by his not less violent love
 for ,aletheia4 ,dear ,lilias1 why do   
you start so1 what do you see8  ,he is  
there1 she said1 half frightened1 and   
glancing to the open door through which1
 with his soft steps1 ,gabriel was      
gliding4  ,of course1 considering whom  
we were speaking of1 said ,walter1      
laughingly1 it is an invariable rule1   
you know4 ,come along1 ,gabriel1 he     
added1 turning to his cousin1 ,i need   
not mention that we were discussing you1
 as by the simple rule of cause and     
effect1 it was that circumstance which  
produced your appearance4  ,not by my   
overhearing you1 said ,gabriel1 quickly4
  ,my dear fellow1 there was not the    
least occasion for that2 you were       
obeying a mysterious law1 which is      
summarily stated in a proverb quite     
unfit for ears polite2 but your arrival 

is most opportune2 your services will be
 very available to ,lilias and myself2  
allow me to offer you a chair1 and      
invest you at once with your office4    
,and how am ,i to be made useful8 said  
,gabriel1 attempting1 by a forced smile1
 to sympathize in ,walter's playful     
manner of viewing the subject4  ,why1   
you must know1 and he laid an emphasis  
on the word must1 for ,lilias's behoof1 
that ,miss ,lilias ,randolph and ,i have
 begun a course of moral dissection of  
the inhabitants of this house1 in which 
she acts the part of a young and very   
inexperienced surgeon1 and ,i that of a 
most grave and potent doctor4 ,we had   
just finished you off1 and were         
proceeding to the dismemberment of the  
rest of the family2 in this interesting 
study ,i think you can materially assist
 us1 seeing you have some very sharp and
 subtle instrument for this species of  
anatomy4  ,i was not aware ,i possessed 
any such1 said ,gabriel2 it would ill   
befit me in my position to make myself a

 judge of any here4  ,now don't begin to
 be humble and make us ashamed of       
ourselves4 ,i consider it quite an      
important matter to ,lilias that she    
should know her ground here so far as   
possible2 so let us parade the remainder
 of our dear relations before her as    
fast as we can4  ,a strange smile passed
 over ,gabriel's face1 as if he doubted 
that the gentle ,lilias1 and the        
frank-hearted ,walter1 would discover   
much concerning that intricate ground on
 which they stood2 but he made no       
remark1 and simply said--  ,and who     
stands next on the list after my        
unworthy self8  ,that is for ,lilias to 
determine2 we wait your orders1 lady    
dear4  ,you are learning to speak       
,irish1 she said1 smiling4  ,a most     
likely consummation1 murmured ,gabriel4 
,oh6 ,i could say better things than    
that in ,irish1 said ,walter1 coughing  
off the slight confusion his cousin's   
remark had produced2 but you must really
 tell us whom you mean to propose for   

our inspection1 or this council of war  
will last till midnight4  ,this council 
for the preliminaries of war1 said the  
low voice of ,gabriel1 giving an        
unpleasant aspect of truth to an        
expression which ,walter had carelessly 
used with no special meaning4  ,for a   
moment ,lilias made no answer2 the      
thought which had been present with her 
throughout the whole of this            
conversation1 and that which had alone1 
indeed1 given it any interest for her1  
was1 that she might obtain some         
information respecting ,hubert ,lyle2   
yet now that the time was come when she 
must name him or lose her opportunity1  
she felt1 in a lower degree1 something  
of that unwillingness to broach the     
subject1 which we have to mention any   
secret act of self-devotion4 ,the solemn
 music which had been the means of      
leading her into his presence2 the      
unearthly serenity with which his soul  
had looked at her through those eyes    
that reminded her of the still waters of

 some unruffled lake1 where only the    
glory of heaven is reflected2 and above 
all1 his infirmity1 so meekly borne1 had
 invested him with a sacredness in her  
mind which made her feel as if it was   
almost a profanation to speak of him to 
indifferent ears4 ,with a slight        
trembling in the voice1 which did not   
escape the quick perception of ,gabriel1
 she said1 ,there is yet one of whom ,i 
would inquire--,hubert ,lyle4 ,both her 
cousins started at the name1 but        
,gabriel instantly repressed his        
astonishment1 while ,walter as freely   
gave vent to his4  ,is it possible you  
have heard of him already8 who can have 
been bold enough to mention him8 he     
said4  ,why1 ,i have not only heard of  
him1 ,i have seen him4  ,seen him6 even 
,gabriel exclaimed at this4 ,lilias     
looked up with a smile4  ,i think he    
must be the most mysterious of all1 she 
said1 you seem so surprised4  ,you would
 not wonder at that if you knew more of 
the 'secrets of this prison-house1' said

 ,walter1 which you must know is no     
inapt quotation as regards ,hubert      
,lyle1 for he certainly acts1 in some   
sense1 the part of ,hamlet4  ,without   
,hamlet's soul1 said ,gabriel1 softly4  
,without ,hamlet's madness1 rather1 ,i  
should say2 for ,i cannot doubt1 from   
all ,i have heard1 that ,hubert has a   
noble soul1 though not one which would  
lead him1 like the ,prince of ,denmark1 
to make to himself an idol of the       
principle of vengeance4  ,and ,lilias is
 waiting meanwhile to tell us where she 
saw him1 said ,gabriel4  ,is it ,lilias 
or you who are waiting8 said ,walter1   
laughing2 for my part1 ,i frankly       
confess that my curiosity is greatly    
excited1 so pray tell us4  ,and she did 
so at once1 for there was not a thought 
of guile in this young girl's heart4    
,she told how1 in the quiet night1 she  
had heard a solemn voice of music that  
had called her spirit with an           
irresistible allurement2 and how she had
 risen up and followed where it led1    

till it had brought her into the        
presence of him of whom they spoke2 but 
she went no farther2 she said nothing of
 the conversation which had drawn those 
stranger souls more closely together    
than weeks of ordinary intercourse could
 have done2 for she felt that ,lyle had 
been surprised into speaking of his     
private feelings2 and the subject of his
 infirmity was one she could not have   
brought herself to mention2 the sympathy
 with which he had inspired her was of  
that nature which made her feel as      
sensitive as she would have done had the
 affliction been her own4 ,yet1 though  
she did not enter into details1 the deep
 interest she felt for him gave a soft  
tremulousness to her voice1 which was   
duly noticed by ,gabriel1 as he sat     
looking intently at her with the keen   
gaze which his meek eyes knew so well   
how to give from under their long       
lashes4  ,and now1 said she1 tell me who
 and what he is1 he seems to occupy so  
strange a position in this house8  ,not 

more strange than cruel1 said ,walter2  
he is the son of ,lady ,randolph1 by her
 first husband2 she had been engaged to 
,sir ,michael before she met ,mr4 ,lyle1
 who was his first cousin1 but she had  
never cared for him1 and yielded at once
 to the intense passion which sprung up 
between ,mr4 ,lyle and herself2 she     
married him1 and from that hour ,sir    
,michael hated him with such a hate1 ,i 
believe1 as this world has rarely seen4 
,when his rival died1 he transferred    
this miserable1 bitter feeling to the   
son1 ,hubert1 simply because the widow  
had1 in like manner1 turned all the deep
 love she had felt for the dead husband 
on the living son--not for his own      
merits1 for poor ,hubert has few        
attractions1 but solely because he bears
 his father's name1 and looks at her    
with his father's eyes4 ,i believe she  
has even the cruelty to tell him so4    
,she worships so the memory of her early
 love1 that she will not have it thought
 her heart could spare any affection1   

even to her child1 were he not his son  
also4 ,it has always seemed to me the   
saddest fate for her unhappy son1 to be 
thus the object of such vehement hate1  
and no less powerful love1 and yet to   
feel that he has neither deserved the   
one1 nor gained the other1 in his own   
person1 but solely as the representative
 of a dead man who can feel no more4    
,miserable1 indeed1 said ,lilias1       
folding her hands as though she would   
have asked mercy for him2 how cruel6 how
 cruel6 but his mother1 how could she   
marry ,sir ,michael when she so loved1  
and still loves1 another8 this seems to 
me a fearful thing4  ,starvation is more
 so1 muttered ,gabriel4  ,starvation6   
exclaimed ,lilias4  ,yes1 said ,walter2 
,mrs4 ,lyle and her son were actually   
left in such destitution at her         
husband's death1 that she certainly     
married ,sir ,michael for no other      
purpose but to procure a home for       
herself and her child4 ,how it came to  
pass that she was in this extreme       

poverty1 ,i know not2 report says that  
it was the result of ,sir ,michael's    
persecution of ,mr4 ,lyle in his        
lifetime2 but ,i can hardly believe this
 of our uncle4  ,no1 indeed1 said       
,lilias4  ,one thing is certain1 that it
 sorely diminished ,sir ,michael's      
delight in marrying the woman he had    
loved so long1 to find that he must     
submit to the continual presence of her 
son in the house2 but she forced him to 
enter into a solemn agreement that      
,hubert was always to reside with them1 
and he agreed1 on condition that he     
crossed his path as seldom as possible4 
,this part of the arrangement is almost 
overdone by poor ,lyle1 who is1 ,i      
believe1 like most persons afflicted    
with personal infirmity1 singularly     
sensitive and full of delicate feeling4 
,he never leaves his own rooms except to
 go to his mother's apartments1 unless  
,sir ,michael happens to be absent1 when
 ,lady ,randolph generally forces him to
 make his appearance among us4 ,i       

believe his only amusement is playing on
 the organ half the night1 as you found 
him4  ,and do none of you ever go to see
 him1 and try to comfort him1 exclaimed 
,lilias2 do none befriend him in all    
this house8  ,you forget1 said ,gabriel1
 hastily1 evidently desirous to prevent 
,walter from answering till he had      
spoken himself1 that any one who sought 
out ,hubert ,lyle1 and made a friend of 
him1 would incur ,sir ,michael's        
displeasure to such a degree that he    
would strike him at once off the list of
 his heirs1 and the penalty of his      
philanthropy would be nothing less than 
the loss of ,randolph ,abbey4 ,as he    
said this he bent his eyes with the most
 ardent gaze on ,lilias1 that he might  
read to her inmost soul the effect of   
his speech2 but it needed not so keen a 
scrutiny2 the indignation with which it 
had filled her sent the color flying to 
her cheek1 and kindled a fire in her    
clear eyes seldom seen within them4     
,and who1 she exclaimed1 could dare     

withhold their due tribute of charity   
and sympathy to a suffering             
fellow-creature for the sake of the     
fairest lands that ever the world saw6  
who could be so base1 for the love of   
his own interest1 as to pander to an    
unjust hatred1 the evil passion of      
another1 and join with the oppressor in 
persecuting one who is guiltless of all 
save deep misfortune6 ,can there be any 
such8 she added1 in her turn fixing her 
gaze upon ,gabriel4 ,a triumphant smile 
passed over his lips2 her answer seemed 
precisely what he had hoped it would be2
 but ,walter anxiously exclaimed3  ,pray
 do me the justice to believe that ,i   
would not act so1 ,lilias2 ,i never     
should have thought of the motive       
,gabriel assigned as a reason for not   
visiting ,hubert2 but1 to tell the      
truth1 ,i have no desire to do so1      
because ,i believe him1 from all ,i have
 heard1 to be a poor morbid visionary1  
who desires nothing so much as solitude1
 and with whom ,i should not have an    

idea in common4  ,nor should ,i be      
deterred from showing him any kindness  
for this reason1 ,i trust1 said         
,gabriel1 with his meekest voice2 ,i    
merely wished to place you in possession
 of facts with which ,i thought it right
 you should be acquainted in case       
,hubert should afford you the           
opportunity of intercourse which he has 
not granted to us2 for it is one of the 
noble traits of his fine character1 that
 he will not risk our incurring ,sir    
,michael's displeasure for his sake4 ,he
 is the more generous in this1 that1    
from his relationship to our uncle1 he  
would be heir-at-law after us four4 ,but
 in fact ,i believe there exists not a  
more high-minded and amiable man than he
 is1 in no sense meriting the           
misfortunes that have fallen upon him2  
and his dignified1 unmurmuring endurance
 of them could never be attributed to   
insensibility1 for he is singularly     
gifted2 his wonderful musical talent is 
the least of his powers4  ,why1         

,gabriel1 said ,walter1 looking round in
 great surprise1 ,i never heard you say 
so much in praise of ,hubert            
before2--or1 indeed1 of any one1 he     
added1 sotto voce4  ,i know him1        
perhaps1 better than you do1 said       
,gabriel1 watching1 with delight the    
softened expression of ,lilias's face1  
which proved to him how artfully his    
words had been calculated to produce the
 effect he desired4 ,he read in her     
thoughtful eyes1 as easily as he would  
have done in a page of fair writing1 how
 she was quietly determining in that    
hour that she would seek by every means 
in her power to become the friend of    
this unfortunate man1 and teach him how 
sweet a solace there may be even in     
human sympathy1 and that1 all the more1 
because her worldly prospects would be  
endangered thereby4 ,it would prove to  
,hubert that her friendship had at least
 the merit of sincerity1 since1 in her  
humility1 she imagined it could possess 
no other2--but ,gabriel had no time to  

say more1 for ,sir ,michael at this     
moment joined them1 and ,lilias1 rising 
up1 said she believed it was late1 and  
turned to go into the other             
drawing-room4 ,sir ,michael looked      
sharply at the trio1 and1 as ,walter    
followed his cousin1 he turned to       
,gabriel with considerable irritation-- 
,how came you here1 sir2 ,i left those  
two together8  ,they invited me to join 
them1 or ,i should not have intruded1   
said ,gabriel1 with his customary       
meekness1 but a smile curled his lips1  
which he could not repress4 ,sir        
,michael saw and understood it at once2 
he paused for a moment in thought1 and  
then deciding1 apparently like ,walter1 
that it was no use to conceal any thing 
from ,gabriel1 and more advantageous to 
be open with him at once1 he said--     
,gabriel1 understand me1 if your quick  
eyes have divined any of my plans1 it   
will work you no good to thwart them4   
,but1 possibly1 it might avail me were  
,i to further them1 said the nephew1    

very softly4  ,it might1 said ,sir      
,michael2 the broad lands of ,randolph  
,abbey could1 with little loss1 furnish 
a handsome compensation to the person   
who should assist me in placing therein1
 the heirs ,i desire to choose4         
,gabriel's reply was merely a           
significant look of acquiescence1 and   
the old man1 bestowing on him a smile of
 approbation such as he had never before
 vouchsafed him1 went away well pleased4
 ,he was firmly convinced that he had   
enlisted in support of the plan that was
 already a favorite one with him1 the   
individual amongst all his heirs who he 
was the most positively resolved should 
never inherit the ,abbey1 both because  
he rather disliked him personally1 and  
because he could not forgive him his    
mother's low birth4 ,could he have seen 
the sneer with which ,gabriel looked    
after him1 he would have been somewhat  
unpleasantly enlightened as to the real 
value of the ally he had obtained4      
,,vi4 ,,the ,,dead ,,father ,,is ,,made 

,,the ,,persecutor ,,of ,,the ,,living  
,,son4  ,very strange was the contrast  
between the splendid drawing-room1      
blazing with light and heat1 where the  
,randolph family were assembled1 and the
 small room in the other wing of the    
house which was occupied by ,hubert     
,lyle4 ,it contained barely the         
furniture necessary for his use1 and    
this was by his own desire1 for it was  
already sufficiently bitter to him to   
eat the bread dealt out so grudgingly1  
and at least he would not be beholden to
 his stepfather for more than the actual
 necessaries of existence4  ,sorely     
against his proud mother's wish1 he had 
chosen for his sitting-room one of the  
very meanest and poorest in the house1  
with a single window1 low and narrow1   
which looked out on a deserted part of  
the grounds4 ,hubert liked it all the   
better for this1 as there was no        
flower-garden or green-house near to    
bring the head-gardener1 with his trim1 
mathematical mind1 amongst the wild     

beauties of nature4 ,the grass was left 
in this part to come up against the very
 wall of the house1 and the ivy and     
honeysuckle which grew round the window 
were allowed to penetrate almost into   
the room4 ,fortunately1 the noble trees 
which filled the park stood somewhat    
apart in this place1 and their arching  
branches formed at this moment a sort of
 framework to the most glorious picture 
that ever is given to mortal eyes to    
look upon--the lucid sky of night1      
filled as it were to overflowing with   
radiant worlds1 each hanging in its own 
atmosphere of glory4  ,it was no wonder 
that ,hubert turned from the low1 dark  
room1 so dimly lit with its single      
candle1 to look upon this the bright    
landscape of the skies4 ,within1 the    
scene was certainly uninviting4 ,the    
heavy deal table1 the scanty supply of  
chairs1 the plain writing-desk1         
evidently many years in use1 were the   
only objects on which the eye could     
rest1 excepting a few books and a small 

piano1 the gift of ,aletheia1 with      
which1 greatly to his astonishment1 she 
had presented him one day--for she was  
as completely a stranger to him as she  
was to all the rest of the family1 and  
had always avoided intercourse with him 
as much as she did with every one else4 
,this thoughtful act of kindness on her 
part1 however1 produced no increased    
acquaintance between them1 as she shrank
 from hearing his expressions of        
gratitude on that occasion1 and1 indeed1
 they seldom met4 ,aletheia was never in
 ,lady ,randolph's rooms1 where alone   
,hubert was to be met1 excepting at rare
 intervals1 when ,sir ,michael was      
absent4  ,hubert sat now at the window2 
he had laid down his heavy head upon the
 wooden ledge1 and his hands fell       
listlessly on his knee4 ,he seemed full 
of anxious thoughts1 and sighed very    
deeply more than once4 ,from time to    
time1 apparently with a violent effort1 
he looked up and gazed fixedly on the   
tranquil stars1 seeming to drink in     

their pure glory1 as though he sought to
 steep his soul in this light of higher 
spheres2 but ever a sort of trembling   
passed over his frame1 and he would sink
 down again oppressed and weary4 ,this  
was most unlike ,hubert ,lyle's usual   
condition4 ,he was a man of the most    
ardent and sensitive feelings2 but1 at  
the same1 possessed of that moral       
strength and truthfulness of soul which 
can only belong to a great character--by
 this last expression1 we mean that he  
was what few are in this world1 neither 
a deceiver nor deceived4 ,he did not    
deceive himself in any case1 nor would  
he allow life to deceive him2 he saw    
things as they really were1 and he      
permitted not the bright coloring of    
hope or imagination to deck them with   
false apparel2 he did not live as most  
men do1 figuring to himself that he was 
as it were the centre of the universe1  
and that all around him thought of him  
and felt for him as he did for himself4 
,he weighed himself in the balance not  

of his own self-love1 but of other men's
 judgment1 and rated himself            
accordingly4 ,thus1 in the earlier days 
of his maturity1 he constrained his     
spirit to rise up and look his position 
in the face4 ,and truly it was one which
 might have appalled a less feeling     
heart than his4  ,his outward           
circumstances were as bitter as could   
well be to a high-minded man4 ,he was a 
dependent on the grudging charity of one
 who abhorred him2 and though he would  
right thankfully have gone out from     
these inhospitable doors1 even to       
starve1 in preference1 yet was he bound 
to endure existence within them1 by a   
promise which his mother had extorted   
from him as a condition of their        
marriage1 that he never would leave     
,randolph ,abbey without her consent4   
,this marriage he knew was to save her  
from a blighting penury which was       
killing her2 and1 moreover1 she         
concealed from him that cruel hatred of 
,sir ,michael1 which was the only       

heritage his dead father left him1 and1 
thinking no evil1 he had given them the 
promise which bound him as with an iron 
chain to abide under the roof of his    
unprovoked enemy4 ,but heavier even than
 unjust hatred was the weight upon soul 
and body of his own deformity2 for if   
the first shut up one human heart from  
him1 and turned its power of affection  
to gall for his sake1 the other cast him
 out for ever from the love of all human
 kind4 ,he knew that his unsightly frame
 could call forth no other feeling from 
them but a cold1 most often a           
contemptuous pity4  ,and yet1 when he   
looked out into the world--the dark1    
tumultuous1 agonizing world--that very  
sea of human hearts1 all beating up upon
 the stony shores of a life1 against    
which they are for ever broken and      
shattered1 he saw passing through the   
midst of it all a soft1 pure light1     
shedding warmth and brightness even on  
the dreariest scenes1 and causing men to
 forget all pain1 and privation1 and    

misery--a light to which the saddest    
eyes turned with a joyous greeting1 and 
on which the gaze of the dying lingered 
mournfully1 till the coffin-lid for ever
 shut it out from their fond longing4   
,and he knew that this one blessed      
thing1 which could overcome the strong1 
fierce evils of life1 like the maid in  
the pride of her purity1 before whom the
 lion would turn and flee1 was called   
,human ,love in the doting hearts of    
men--,human ,love--the one sole1        
unfailing joy of our merely mortal      
existence4 ,and was it for him8 ,should 
he ever have any share in it8 ,was its  
sweetness ever to be for his hungry and 
thirsty heart8 ,never6 ,the seal was set
 upon him in his repulsive appearance1  
that he was to be an outcast from his   
fellow-men2 his deformity was as a      
burden bound upon his back1 with which  
he was driven out into the wilderness1  
there to abide in utter solitude of     
soul4 ,the promise of life was abortive 
for him ere yet he had begun it4        

,hubert ,lyle understood all this at    
once2 he saw how it stood with him1 and 
how it was to be1 on to the very door of
 the grave2 so he folded his hands upon 
his breast and bowed down his head2 he  
accepted his destiny1 for he felt that  
this was not the all of existence4 ,he  
knew how strangely sweet beyond the tomb
 shall seem all the bitterness of this  
life2 he saw that the earth was to be to
 his soul what it is to the outward eyes
 on a starry winter's night4 ,we know   
what a contrast there is in that hour   
between the world above and the world   
below3 the one lies so dark and cold1   
full only of black shadows and the      
howling of mournful winds1 while the    
lucid sky that overhangs it1 replete    
with brightness and glory1 teems with   
radiant stars1 which are the type of    
those eternal and glorious hopes that   
cluster for us on the outskirts of the  
heaven of revelation4 ,and so it was to 
be for him3 his spirit was to walk in   
this world as in a bleak and sunless    

desert2 but it was to be for ever       
canopied over with one bright and       
boundless thought1 wherein were set     
immutable and numberless1 the starlike  
hopes of one eternity4  ,thus was he to 
live1 wholly independent of earth1 and  
indifferent to it4 ,but no man can walk 
free while there are chains upon his    
hands and feet1 and he felt that he was 
bound to his fellow-creatures by two    
ropes1 as it were1 of iron3 the longing 
to love1 and to be beloved4 ,of these he
 must free himself1 tearing them off his
 shrinking flesh as a prisoner would his
 manacles4 ,and he did so4 ,he taught   
himself to look upon all human beings as
 not of his kind4 ,even when every nerve
 and fibre in his frame cried out that  
they were bone of his bone and flesh of 
his flesh1 he learned to consider them  
inaccessible for him as the angels in   
heaven4 ,yes1 even far more2 for he     
trusted that yet a little while1 and    
these holy ones should be his dear      
companions2 and so he held communion    

with them now4 ,but with men he dared   
not hazard so much as to give them a    
place in his thoughts1 for he knew that 
the dream of their friendship would     
become the longing for it1 and the      
longing in his case must turn to agony2 
so it came to pass that his strong will1
 his stern resignation1 compassed that  
which one might have believed well nigh 
unattainable to flesh and blood4 ,he    
divested himself of all earthly         
inclinations and desires1 all natural   
wishes and sympathies1 and lived in this
 world as though he were utterly alone  
in it1 and sole representative of a     
race1 differing from those angelic      
friends whom only he consented to know  
as the living population of the         
universe--a solitary being placed on    
this earth as in a desert place1 where  
he was commanded1 for his own needful   
discipline1 to abide1 till the world of 
spirits should be revealed to him1 and  
he entering there should find a home and
 loving friends4  ,it was for this cause

 that ,hubert shunned all intercourse   
with the ,randolph family1 as he did    
with all others--a resolution           
strengthened in their case by the       
generous motives ,gabriel had assigned  
to him2 for whatever might have been the
 reasons of this latter for pronouncing 
his eulogium1 he had said no more than  
the truth in his account of his         
character4  ,when ,hubert ,lyle had gone
 through the mental process we have     
detailed1 very deep was the calm that   
entered into his soul4 ,it became like  
the pure waters of a deep still well1   
walled in and protected from all sights 
and sounds of the world without1 and    
with the light and the glory of heaven  
alone mirrored within it4  ,and why1    
then1 was the quiet now gone from his   
heart1 and the repose from his eyes8    
,why did he look up with that earnest   
gaze to the evening sky1 as though some 
shadow had come over its brightness8 ,it
 was because the terror had come upon   
him1 that the greatest enemy he ever    

could know in this life was about to    
rise up from its deathlike torpor and   
assail him--even his own human nature2  
he felt that all those natural feelings 
and passions which he had crushed down  
deep into his heart as unto a grave1    
were now stirring themselves like men   
that had been buried alive1 and were    
waking in torture2 they would live1 they
 were bursting the cerements of that    
strong heart4 ,how were they to be      
beaten to death again8 ,there--rampant  
and fierce was the craving for sympathy1
 for love4 ,there1 sickening in its     
intensity1 was the yearning to give and 
to receive that greatest of earthly     
gifts1 the blessing of a mutual pure    
affection2 the heart moulded from dust  
reasserted its birthright1 and cried out
 for its kindred dust4 ,it was not that 
these feelings were as yet at work with 
any definite object within ,hubert      
,lyle1 it was but the shadow and the    
prophecy of them that lay upon him1 like
 a thick cloud charged with lightning4  

,and all this had been done by the      
murmur of one voice1 one sweet voice1   
speaking in the accents of that tender  
sympathy which never before had sounded 
in the cold1 joyless region of his life1
 whispering hope to him4 ,he was not so 
mad as to love ,lilias ,randolph1 whom  
he had seen but for one half-hour1 but  
her tenderness1 her generous1 loving    
kindness1 had aroused the slumbering    
nature within him1 and he felt that were
 he much in contact with one so pure1 so
 gentle1 so noble1 as she seemed to him1
 he might come to love4 ,oh6 how madly1 
how miserably to love6 he1 the deformed 
cripple6 ,was not this a frenzy against 
which he had armed all the powers of his
 being8 what tyrant1 what enemy could be
 more fearful to him than an earthly    
love8 what would it do for him but crush
 and torture him1 and hold up far off   
the cup of this world's joy1 where his  
parched lips could not reach1 and he    
dying of thirst8 ,was it a presentiment 
that made him feel as if the spirit he  

had so chained down were rebelling      
against him1 and required but the       
master-touch of some kindly and winning 
child of earth to abandon itself to     
unutterable madness8 ,but1 at all       
events1 whatever were the source of this
 terror which had come upon him1 whether
 it were a foreshadowing of future evil1
 or the warning of his good angel1 it   
cannot pass unheeded4 ,he must1 with a  
strong will1 compel his spirit to       
realize in all the bitterness of detail 
the truth of his exile from mankind1 his
 needful isolation1 as decreed by the   
seal of that deformity which made him an
 unsightly object in their eyes4  ,he   
would force himself to remember that the
 music of human voices1 however softly  
they might greet him1 must be for him   
like those melodies of nature when wind 
and stream make the air musical1 to     
which we listen with pleasure1 but in   
which we have no part2 and the aspect of
 goodness and gentleness1 so lovely in  
the fallen child of ,adam1 must be to   

him like the light of a star shining far
 off in regions unattainable4 ,yet1     
while he felt within himself the courage
 thus to act1 were he brought in contact
 again with her1 whose sweet face had   
come beaming in so strangely on the     
darkness of his perpetual solitude1 his 
very soul shrank from the struggle1 and 
the longing so often before experienced 
to quit this house1 where he was so     
unwelcome1 returned upon him with       
redoubled force4  ,whilst he was still  
sitting thinking on these things1 his   
head resting on his clasped hands1 there
 was a sound of rustling silks in the   
passage--the door opened1 a measured1   
stately step went through the room1 and 
,lady ,randolph stood by the side of her
 deformed son4 ,he looked up4  ,dear    
mother1 ,i am so glad you have come1 ,i 
was wishing at this very moment to speak
 to you4  ,there was an expression of   
displeasure and annoyance on her        
beautiful face as she looked at him4    
,it cost me no small effort to come1 ,i 

can tell you1 ,hubert2 it is so wretched
 to find you here in this miserable     
room1 with every thing so mean and      
neglected round you4 ,you seem ever to  
do what you can to render your own      
appearance uninviting1 crouching down   
there with your matted hair and         
melancholy face4  ,there was little of  
the accents of love in these words1 and 
a slight shiver seemed to agitate the   
frame of ,hubert as he felt at that     
moment that he was repulsive even to the
 mother who bore him2 but he lifted his 
dark gray eyes to her face with the     
sweet1 patient smile which filled his   
countenance at times with a spiritual   
beauty1 and said gently3  ,i did not    
expect you at this hour1 or ,i should   
have tried to make both my little den   
and myself look more cheerful in your   
honor4  ,there was something in his     
expression which touched with an intense
 power a never-slumbering memory4 ,she  
flung her arms round his neck and bent  
over him4  ,oh1 my ,henry--my ,henry--it

 was his eyes that looked at me just    
now1 as they have often looked in their 
tenderness1 for ever perished--his eyes 
that ,i kissed in death with my poor    
heart broken--broken--as it is to this  
day--his eyes sealed up now with the    
horrible clog of his deep grave--oh1 my 
,henry--my ,henry--come back to me6     
,she pressed the head of her son close  
to her beating heart and wept4 ,he      
waited till she was more composed2 then1
 gently disengaging himself1 he made her
 sit down beside him1 and held her hand 
in both his own4  ,dear mother1 he said 
very gently1 it is my father whom you   
love in me and not myself2 when ,i do   
not wear this passing likeness of him1  
which at times only draws your heart to 
me1 there remains nothing in myself to  
win your affections1 and you do not love
 me4  ,it is true1 she answered calmly2 
living ,i loved him only--dead1 it is   
his memory alone which ,i adore4  ,then 
,i think you cannot refuse the prayer ,i
 have to make to you this day1 said     

,hubert1 not the least flush of         
indignation tinging his pale cheek at   
this unfeeling announcement2 ,i think it
 cannot in truth be any pleasure to you 
to see in me the marred and hateful     
resemblance of that which was so        
beautiful1 and so dear2 better surely to
 feed on his image pure and unchanged in
 the depths of your heart1 and never    
have it brought so painfully before you 
in my miserable person4 ,he paused a    
moment whilst she looked wondering at   
him1 and then1 suddenly1 he exclaimed1  
with a passionate burst of feeling1     
,mother1 let me go--let me go--from this
 house1 where my presence is abhorred by
 some and sought by none2 nothing has   
kept me here but my fatal promise to    
you3 ,i would ,i had died ere ,i made   
it2 but it will cost you nothing to part
 from me1 and you know not what it may  
cost me to stay here2 it is cruel to    
keep me--let me go4  ,let you go6       
,hubert think what you are saying1 you  
would go to starve6  ,it matters not6   

better so than to live on here4 ,mother1
 you would have had no power to detain  
me in this place but for that rash      
promise2 not even your wishes should    
have kept me4 ,i beseech you release me 
from it4  ,never6  ,he almost writhed as
 she spoke1 yet he went on--  ,do not   
keep me because you fancy ,i should     
starve2 no man does who has energy and  
perseverance4 ,i have a head and hands  
to labor with1 and how far sweeter were 
the worst of toil than the bitter bread 
of charity4  ,but do you know1 said     
,lady ,randolph almost fiercely1 that ,i
 could not give you the means of buying 
that bread one day1 ,i am so utterly in 
,sir ,michael's power4 ,he succeeded in 
laying hold of me because ,i was        
poverty-stricken beyond what flesh and  
blood could bear1 and now by the same   
means he binds me down2 he never has    
relaxed his hold2 every thing is his2 ,i
 could not command a shilling4 ,these   
very baubles with which he loads me are 
not my own4 ,and she tore the bracelets 

from her arms and flung them down4 ,he  
calls them family jewels on purpose to  
keep me to the veriest trifle in his    
power4  ,mother1 mother1 exclaimed      
,hubert1 do you think1 though he placed 
the wealth of millions in your hands1   
that ,i would not rather perish than    
touch it2 it is too much already that ,i
 have been so long indebted to him for  
the roof that shelters me2 but ,i do not
 fear that ,i could gain enough for my  
own living1 if only you will let me go  
from this ,egyptian bondage4  ,hubert1  
what is it that has excited you in this 
manner8 ,i never saw you so unlike      
yourself2 you are usually so calm and so
 enduring4 ,was it your unfortunate     
meeting with ,sir ,michael last night8  
,was he more than usually insulting8    
,no1 it was not that1 said ,hubert      
gently4 ,i am so used to his bitter     
words that ,i could not feel more pained
 than ,i have ever been2 but it matters 
not that you should be wearied with the 
detail of all the thoughts that have    

made me at this time so desirous to     
leave ,randolph ,abbey2 dear mother1 let
 it suffice you that ,i do implore you  
to release me from my promise4  ,hubert1
 ,i tell you ,,no a thousand times4 ,i  
will not see you starved to death for   
any ,quixotic fancy2 and1 besides1 do   
you think any power on this earth would 
induce me to gratify my worst enemy1 my 
life-long enemy1 whom chiefly ,i hate   
because he has the power to call me     
wife--that dear name ,i so loved to hear
 from the beloved lips that are choked  
up with dust8 ,do you think ,i would    
gratify him by giving him that which he 
has labored for1 by the persecution of  
my own dearest husband1 even to the     
death1 and of myself to worse than      
death1 a life with him8 ,do you know    
that the one thing he has always desired
 has been to obtain possession of me    
without having you for ever before his  
eyes as the living monument of that     
buried love which was his torturer1 and 
to which ,i am faithful still8 ,and do  

you think that to brighten even your    
life1 much less to peril it1 ,i would   
grant him this his heart's desire1 and  
put it out of my power to show him1 in  
every caress ,i lavish upon you1 my poor
 deformed son1 how ,i adored your       
father8  ,hubert let her hand fall1 and 
his features assumed an expression of   
severity4  ,mother1 forgive me that as  
your son ,i venture to judge you2 but   
this is unworthy1 most unworthy4  ,she  
seemed almost awed by his rebuke1 but   
hastily throwing her arms round him1 she
 said more gently3  ,hubert1 forgive me2
 but ,i cannot--cannot part with you1   
the last shattered fragment of my ruined
 happiness4 ,you do not know what it is 
to me to see you2 to hear your voice    
coming to me like an echo from the      
grave1 telling of departed love2 to find
 in your eyes at times a glance as from 
the light of the past4 ,it was such joy1
 such deep1 deep joy when he lived1 and 
my happiness was hid in his true heart1 
that often ,i think ,i never1 never     

could have been so blest3 and in truth  
that it is all a dream1 too unutterably 
sweet to have been true2 life seems to  
faint within me at that thought1 for it 
is something to feel1 barren and        
desolate as my existence is now1 that ,i
 have loved and been loved as once ,i   
was2 and1 ,hubert1 it is your presence  
alone that makes all this reality to me4
 ,his kiss has been upon your lips--his 
voice has called you his dear son4 ,ah6 
take not from me those last relics of   
him4  ,she laid her head upon his breast
 in a passion of weeping4 ,he raised her
 tenderly1 and said with a calm voice3  
,mother1 it is not my vocation in this  
world to give pain to others for the    
sake of my own will or pleasure3 take   
comfort1 ,i will never more trouble you 
concerning this matter2 ,i will not ask 
again to leave you4  ,silently she      
pressed her lips to his forehead1 and   
then1 as if ashamed that even her own   
son should have seen her so moved1 she  
rose up without speaking and left the   

room4  ,,footnotes3  #h ,continued from 
page #chg4     ,from ,bentley's         
,miscellany4  ,,sequel ,,to ,,the       
,,jewish ,,heroine4   ,a magnificent    
saloon1 dazzling with oriental splendor1
 and brilliant with ,arabic decorations1
 was allotted to ,sol's reception2 and  
there she was immediately attended by   
six ,moorish damsels1 who came to       
receive her orders4 ,fatigued by the    
length of her journey1 and covered with 
the dust of the road1 she begged for    
water to refresh herself1 and a room    
where she might repose4 ,scarcely were  
the words pronounced when she beheld    
around her vessels of silver1 brought to
 her by six other damsels1 clothed in   
white1 and offering her that for which  
she had asked with respect and humility4
 ,they brought her clothes of the finest
 cambric1 fragrant essences of ,arabia1 
and exquisitely-worked garments of      
divers colors1 and of the highest value1
 all of which the humble ,sol rejected1 
scarcely accepting from them even those 

things which were indispensable to her1 
and declining to change her dress4 ,but 
one of the ladies of the court1 seeing  
this1 told her that she had received    
orders to clothe her according to the   
custom of the country1 for which purpose
 she had collected together these       
garments for her choice4 ,sol1          
nevertheless1 after expressing her      
gratitude1 endeavored to excuse herself1
 but the request was pressed upon her   
with so much urgency1 that she found it 
impossible to decline2 and1 at length1  
among the many varieties of dress       
prepared for her express use1 selected  
one of a black hue1 bordered with white1
 as indicative of the sadness of her    
heart2 when1 after a place of rest had  
been pointed out to her1 she was left   
alone4  ,all the women who had been     
employed about the young ,hebrew        
repeated to the wives of the imperial   
prince the warmest praises of her       
extreme beauty and amiability4 ,the     
emperor himself visited the house of his

 son1 and inquiring with minute         
curiosity into all the incidents that   
have been related1 and listening with   
delight to the praises heaped upon his  
young captive1 he renewed his commands  
that she should be treated with         
gentleness1 that every thing which could
 flatter her sight1 or gratify her      
wishes1 should be given her1 and that   
nothing should be denied her by which   
her mind could be favorably impressed   
previously to the interview which he    
proposed to have with her on the day    
following1--saying1 as he departed1 that
 the moment of her conversion by his    
means would be an epoch in his life1    
which he would mark by the most princely
 magnificence to all that had           
contributed to it4 ,all promised the    
most punctual compliance with the       
commands of the emperor and the prince1 
and all vied with one another in        
inventing every expedient to effect the 
object which the most subtle arts could 
have recourse to4 ,during the night the 

wearied maiden slept profoundly1 while  
the ,moorish women in attendance watched
 her in silence1 anxious not to disturb 
her slumbers1 and not venturing to move 
from their posts4  ,morning dawned at   
last4 ,the nightingale1 the goldfinch1  
and the swift-flying bunting1 announced 
the rising of the orb of day2 the       
flowers unclosed their buds in the      
transparent morning ray1 wafting forth  
their delicious odors1 and perfuming    
with their fragrance the tranquil abode 
where breathed this innocent and lovely 
maiden4 ,this abode was within a small  
gallery1 decorated with crystal2 and    
surrounded by vast shrubberies of the   
laurel1 cypress1 and myrtle1 whose dark 
foliage mingled with the fragrant boughs
 of the citron and lemon4 ,through      
occasional vistas might be remarked1    
amid these labyrinths of eternal green1 
the deep mulberry-colored branches of   
the towering spice-tree1 while the rose1
 the jessamine1 and the mallow1 crowned 
the raised terraces in sweet luxuriance1

 seeming to vie with the tall cassia1   
and darkening the bowers where the      
sunlight had been allowed to penetrate  
by the abundance of their white and     
crimson bloom4 ,the blue-bell1 the white
 lily1 and the lily of the valley1      
blossomed beneath1 shedding their       
perfume on the lower earth1 as though   
too lowly to mingle with the clouds of  
fragrance emitted by the loftier plants1
 above which in their turn the ambitious
 woodbine exalted its gay festoons2 and 
in the more distant shades of the       
garden1 the green sward spread a soft   
and variegated carpet over the ground1  
spangled with plants of the dwarf       
violet1 and aromatic spikenard4 ,it was 
upon these scenes that the eyes of the  
fair ,hebrew unclosed1 after her long   
and profound sleep4 ,so fair a sight    
filled her with a tranquil and serene   
pleasure2 the warbling of the singing   
birds that fluttered amid the branches  
around her1 or flew here and there amid 
the flowery mazes of the garden1 were   

heard with delight1 and while she       
watched them she envied them their      
liberty4  ,it was with surprise and     
admiration that the young ,jewess       
examined the embellishments of this     
gallery1 which were1 indeed1 a triumph  
of art and ingenuity4 ,again and again  
did she admire it1 reclining on her     
couch4 ,one of the ,moorish ladies1     
seeing her attention thus engaged1      
addressed her1 with an affectionate     
salutation4 ,sol replied in accents of  
kindness1 and entered into conversation 
with her1 speaking with innocent        
admiration of the picturesque beauty of 
the landscape she beheld from this      
gallery4  ,a black slave1 clothed in    
white1 came to give notice to ,sol that 
the kaidmia#i waited to receive her4    
,with haste1 therefore1 she took leave  
of the ,moorish ladies1 and placed      
herself under the conduct of that       
officer4 ,she was at once conducted into
 the presence of the emperor1 who       
received her in a magnificent hall1     

sitting on an ottoman of crimson velvet1
 richly fringed with gold4 ,opposite to 
him was a cushion1 which he desired the 
young ,hebrew to occupy1 and commanded  
his slaves to serve esfa1#aj and tea    
with the herb luisa4#aa ,having thus1 by
 every demonstration of kindness and    
affability1 prepared her to converse    
with him--the emperor told ,sol1 he had 
long since heard of her mental          
acquirements and talents1 and was not   
ignorant of the arguments she had used  
in the palace of his son1 nor of her    
obstinate refusal to embrace the ,law of
 the ,prophet2 but that he looked upon  
that merely as a morbid feeling of her  
mind1 arising from delusion1 and trusted
 that when he should have argued awhile 
with her1 she would not long continue in
 her present opinion4  ,thou art called 
,sol1 proceeded the emperor1 is it not  
so8  ,the young ,jewess replied in the  
affirmative4  ,well1 then1 beloved ,sol1
 said he1 ,i have prepared a boon beyond
 all the powers of thine imagination to 

conceive4 ,since first ,i heard of thy  
beauty and virtue from ,arbi ,esid1 the 
governor of ,tangier1 ,i decided that   
thou shouldst become the enchantress of 
my court4 ,i saw thee enter ,fez2 and   
was delighted with all ,i saw2 ,i heard 
thee speak in the palace of my son1 and 
was charmed with all ,i heard4 ,i was   
beside thee1 though unseen1 and ,i      
rejoiced with the ,prophet1 over so fair
 a captive4 ,this morning1 while thou   
wast conversing upon the state of men by
 birth1 ,i was in the garden2 the       
,tolva1#ab who accompanied me1 said to  
me1 'this ,jewess will indeed be a noble
 ,mahometan6' ,at that moment1 ,i had   
decided to reward thy beauty by giving  
thee in marriage to my nephew1--a       
handsome1 rich1 and brave youth2 ,i had 
determined to bestow upon thee a        
diamond1 whose value exceeds all the    
riches that any prince can possess2 see1
 beautiful ,sol1 these are indeed gifts 
worthy to be appreciated1 and thou wilt 
not1 ,i am certain1 disappoint me4  ,my 

lord1 replied ,sol1 ,i must confess1    
that in my present condition1 nothing   
can attract or fix my attention3 and my 
mind is tormented by the remembrance of 
my parents and of my brother4  ,thy     
parents and thy brother1 said the       
emperor1 shall be sent for immediately  
after thy recantation4  ,say1 rather1   
exclaimed ,sol1 after my death1 for     
never can ,i become a ,mahometan6       
,innocent creature6 said the emperor1   
who has urged you to this temerity8     
,reflect but for an instant2 then       
consider if you would renounce my favor1
 and embrace ,death as an alternative6  
,resolve quickly2 or ,i would even grant
 delay1 if you desire it4  ,my ,lord1   
said ,sol1 ,i am well aware that you    
have distinguished me in a manner of    
which ,i am undeserving2 the offers that
 you have made me are1 indeed1 worthy of
 so great a prince2 but ,i1 a miserable 
,jewess1 cannot accept them4 ,i have    
determined never to change my creed2 if 
this resolve should merit death1 ,i will

 patiently submit2 order1 then1 my      
execution1 and the ,god of justice1     
knowing my innocence1 will avenge my    
blood4  ,unhappy girl6 exclaimed the    
emperor2 you were not born to be so     
beautiful1 yet so unfortunate6 ,from    
this moment ,i abandon you3 my pride    
forbids me to persuade you further2 yet 
,i leave you with sorrow--the laws of my
 realm must judge you1 and already ,i   
foresee that your blood will be poured  
out upon the earth6  ,so speaking1 and  
casting a compassionate glance upon     
,sol1 the monarch departed with a       
measured and thoughtful step4  ,the     
afflicted ,sol remained immovable1 but  
gave way to a torrent of tears4 ,before 
long the kaidmia appeared and desired   
her to follow him1 which she did without
 opposition4 ,the emperor1 although he  
had decreed that the cadi1 as superior  
judge of the law1 should try her cause1 
had urged upon him to withhold the      
extreme penalties of the law till every 
means had been tried that persuasion and

 mildness could suggest4 ,to the house  
of this magistrate she was now          
conducted1 with this especial           
recommendation from the emperor1 in     
consequence of which1 instead of being  
sent to the prison1 a room in the cadi's
 own house was set apart for her1 where 
he could be near her continually1 and   
frequently engage her in conversation2  
yet all these marks of kindness did the 
young ,sol receive as part of her       
martyrdom1 and now thought on nothing   
but death1 as the means of her          
wished-for release4  ,the ,jew who had  
accompanied the captive maiden at the   
request of her parents1 had written news
 of all these events to ,tangier4 ,in   
,fez they excited a very great          
sensation2 and1 especially among the    
resident ,jews1 who showed their        
interest in all that passed whenever    
they could do so without injuring the   
success of the means devised to save the
 victim1 of which they never lost sight 
for a moment4 ,but they were now1       

although they knew it not1 engaged in a 
hopeless undertaking2 for the ,moors had
 entered into a compact1 having for its 
object the conversion of ,sol1 and from 
this there was no escape4 ,the cadi1 a  
zealous servant of the emperor1         
conducted his task with masterly        
subtlety2 six hours were almost daily   
occupied by him in arguments and        
entreaties to the young ,jewess2 but all
 was vain1 the steadfast maiden1 firm in
 her resolution1 adhered to the law of  
her fathers1 and listened with          
reluctance to all the exhortations of   
the cadi4 ,he admired her fortitude of  
spirit1 while he pitied her fate1       
knowing that unless she became a        
proselyte1 her sentence must inevitably 
be pronounced4 ,in order to hasten the  
crisis1 however1 he concerted a scheme  
to surprise her into a decision by which
 she might either escape1 or fall into  
his snare4#ac  ,one morning early1 after
 nine days had been spent in useless    
persuasion1 the cadi entered the        

apartment of ,sol3 ,my daughter1 said   
he1 ,i bring you news of consolation2   
,i1 that have beheld you with eyes of   
compassion1 that would weep over your   
death as for that of a daughter1 have   
sought the ,jajamins#ad of your creed2  
with them ,i have considered your       
present position2 they assure me that   
your fear of forfeiting the glories     
which are to come1 which causes you to  
reject the laws of the ,prophet1 is     
groundless2 they ensure you that future 
glory1 on the word of their conscience1 
provided that your life is not thus     
forfeited4 ,i wish the emperor to remain
 unacquainted with the step ,i have thus
 taken for your sole benefit1 my dear   
daughter1 and from motives of kindness  
and affection only4 ,you will be visited
 by the ,jajamins1 who will repeat what 
you now hear from my lips2 and thus1    
convinced of the truth1 you will give me
 the delight of your conversion1 and of 
your rescue from death4 ,but ,i perceive
 you are but little affected by this    

news6  ,sol had not ceased1 during this 
conversation1 to regard the cadi with a 
serious expression of countenance1 which
 very clearly indicated the state of    
mental vacillation produced by his      
words2 nevertheless1 she answered only1 
that she was beyond measure anxious to  
speak to the ,jajamins1 on whose        
judgment would probably depend her final
 determination4  ,now this plot1 so far 
from being undertaken without the       
knowledge of the emperor1 had been      
concerted between himself and the cadi2 
and by his desire the latter informed   
the ,jajamins1 that unless they         
succeeded in the conversion of the young
 ,hebrew1 she would suffer death1 and   
they would be exposed to the emperor's  
rigorous displeasure4 ,this threat      
produced the desired effect upon the    
,jajamins1 who came to ,sol prepared by 
every means in their power to change her
 resolution4  ,on the ensuing day1 when 
she received their visit1 they professed
 to her their wish to console her in her

 affliction1 and to hear from her own   
lips the reasons why she had negatived  
the urgent wishes of the emperor2       
adding1 that this mission was a part of 
their duty1 to which they much desired  
to conform4  ,the beautiful ,jewess     
listened with attention to this         
exordium2 and replied1 though with many 
sighs1 in the following terms3--,god1   
who was concealed from our view by the  
dense cloud which no human sight could  
penetrate1 delivered the ,tables of the 
,law to ,moses on the ,mountain of the  
,desert4 ,he prompts my heart to remain 
faithful to those laws1 imposed on the  
people of ,israel4 ,more than once have 
,i read in those sacred books of the    
horrible persecutions endured by the    
,israelites who violated that law2 ,i   
have studied the prophecies of our      
,patriarchs1 and have observed their    
gradual fulfilment4 ,mahomet was but a  
false innovator1 a renegade from the    
primitive law2#ae neither to his laws   
nor to the future pleasures of his      

paradise1 can ,i lend an ear2 faithful  
to my own rites1 the name of the only   
true ,god remains engraven on my heart2 
to whom ,abraham offered his son ,isaac 
in sacrifice2 and ,i1 a daughter of     
,abraham1 would make sacrifice of my    
life to the same ,god4 ,he ordains      
fidelity1 and ,i will keep ,his         
commandments as a faithful ,hebrew ought
 to keep them4 ,can any one on earth    
oppose the decree written by the right  
hand of the ,most ,high8  ,the ,jajamins
 listened attentively to the reasons of 
the youthful ,sol1 and urged1 in reply1 
arguments full of hope2 but perceiving  
that ,sol1 with an indescribable        
firmness1 set these all aside1 one of   
them at length addressed her as follows3
 ,our law imposes on us1 as a duty1     
after ,god1 to respect the king4 ,the   
king's will is that you should wear the 
turban2 and his will is sacred upon     
earth4 ,i dare not advise otherwise1 for
 ,i should then lift up my counsel      
against the law of the country that     

gives us a home4 ,besides1 there are    
certain circumstances of human life     
which are of such exigency1 that the    
,god of ,abraham looks upon them with   
leniency and toleration4 ,as1 for       
instance1 young maiden1 the unforeseen  
and impending danger of your present    
situation4 ,you have parents--a brother2
 ,jews1 in great numbers1 reside in this
 vast empire2 and all these will1 on    
your account1 be exiled1 persecuted1 and
 ill-used4 ,while1 on the contrary1 your
 conversion will not only liberate      
yourself from death1 but will avert     
these threatening ills to them1 and will
 bring down upon them honors and        
privileges2 and we will1 in the name of 
,god1 insure your future glory1 and save
 your conscience1 by taking on ourselves
 the responsibility of the act4  ,the   
young ,jewess listened in expressive    
silence1 but without any visible        
emotion1 to the foregoing address4 ,at  
the close of it she arose1 and expressed
 herself thus3  ,i respect your words1  

wise men of our faith2 but if our laws  
impose respect--after ,god1 to the      
king--the king cannot violate the       
precepts of the ,one ,god4 ,i am        
resolved to sacrifice my life on the    
altar of my faith4 ,to myself only can  
this resolve be fatal3 my parents and   
kindred will be strengthened1 and       
protected1 and freed from the fury of   
that fanaticism by which ,i suffer4 ,i  
will not1 even in outward appearance1   
accede to the terms proposed4 ,i will   
lay down my head to receive the axe of  
the executioner1 and the remembrance of 
my death and constancy will excite only 
remorse in those who have oppressed me4 
,pardon me1 if ,i have offended you2    
and1 ,i pray you1 tell my parents that  
they live in my heart4 ,entreat the cadi
 to molest me by no further             
importunities4 ,my determination is     
fixed1 and all further attempts to shake
 it will be vain4  ,the tone of firmness
 in which she spoke convinced the       
jajamins that there was no hope2 and    

they left her1 overwhelmed with         
surprise4  ,the cadi1 who had listened  
to the whole conference from another    
apartment1 went to meet the anxious and 
unsuccessful jajamins4  ,i know all1    
said he2 ,i have heard every thing4     
,your mission is fulfilled1 and ,i shall
 report your fidelity to the emperor4   
,fear nothing1 therefore1 but rely upon 
my word4  ,he then dismissed them1 and  
going at once to his office1 he took the
 papers that related to the cause of the
 young ,sol1 and added to them a        
transcript of her late contumelious     
expressions respecting the ,law of the  
,prophet1 which he represented as being 
blasphemed by her1 and sentenced her1 in
 consequence1 to public execution4 ,he  
next repaired to the palace of the      
emperor1 and after reporting to him the 
result of the late conference with the  
jajamins1 he handed to him the sentence 
of death4 ,the emperor was much moved1  
and showed symptoms of surprise and     
concern4  ,how6 said he2 is there no    

remedy8 ,must this ,jewess die8  ,my    
lord1 answered the cadi1 by the law she 
stands condemned2 and there is no       
remedy4  ,well1 then1 said the emperor1 
but one more hope remains4 ,i command   
that preparations for the execution be  
made with the utmost publicity2 that all
 the troops of ,fez1 and at the         
intermediate stations1 be assembled1 and
 that nothing may be omitted which can  
make the spectacle an imposing one4 ,let
 her be awe-stricken2 let her even be   
partially wounded before her head be    
finally severed4 ,perchance the sight of
 her own blood1 flowing down1 may       
produce some effect upon her1 and we    
may1 at the last moment1 accomplish her 
conversion by intimidation4 ,leave me2  
,i am sorely displeased at the fate of  
this young ,hebrew--lovely as her name4 
,and1 mark me1 strain every point1      
neglect nothing4 ,we may yet gain her   
over4 ,alas6 may ,ala protect her6 ,and 
the emperor turned away with manifest   
signs of heavy displeasure4  ,the cadi  

well perceived how greatly his royal    
master was grieved at the idea of ,sol's
 death3 but there was now no remedy4    
,the law1 barbarous and unjust as it    
was1 was final2 and her death was1      
therefore1 inevitable4 ,before her      
execution1 nevertheless1 he paid her a  
final visit1 when he found her kneeling 
in prayer1 and displayed to her the writ
 of execution4  ,behold1 said he1 your  
sentence4 ,your head will roll on the   
ground1 and the dust of the earth shall 
be dyed with your blood4 ,your tomb     
shall be covered with maledictions1 and 
amidst them will your last end be       
remembered4 ,yet1 fair ,sol1 there is a 
remedy2 think yet upon it4 ,to-morrow1  
at this very hour1 ,i will return1      
either to present you1 crowned with the 
jessamine flowers1 to the emperor1 or to
 lead you to your death4  ,with these   
words he departed1 leaving the young    
,hebrew still in the position in which  
he had found her upon his entrance1 and 
from which she stirred not1 but remained

 in a contemplative ecstasy commending  
her soul fervently to her ,creator4  ,it
 was soon publicly known in ,fez that   
the day approached when the beautiful   
young ,jewess was to be beheaded for    
blaspheming the name of the ,prophet4   
,the ,moors1 whose religious fanaticism 
is great beyond comparison1 looked upon 
this execution as an occasion for       
rejoicings4 ,the ,jews1 powerless to    
remedy it1 were overcome by the deepest 
feelings of despondency3 unwilling to   
remain entirely passive1 they commenced 
a subscription1 ready to be invested in 
any way that might best suit the        
emergency4 ,the parents and relations1  
who were in ,tangier1 whose efforts to  
save this beloved victim would have been
 unavailing1 even had they been capable 
of devising any means for her rescue1   
were plunged into despair2 their hopes  
had suffered shipwreck upon the rock of 
a relentless fatality1 and they1 like   
the young maiden herself1 had no        
consolation but those imparted from     

heaven4 ,the afflicted ,sol spent the   
whole day in meditation1 she refused all
 food1 and looked anxiously for the hour
 which would end her life4 ,that fatal  
hour arrived at length4 ,with a         
trembling step1 the cadi entered her    
apartment1 and found her1 as before1 in 
prayer4 ,he was much agitated1 and could
 speak to her only with the utmost      
difficulty4 ,at length he said3--       
,sol--beautiful ,sol6 the arbiters of   
life and death may meet together4       
,behold me here6 ,know you wherefore ,i 
am come8  ,i do know it1 replied the    
maiden4  ,and have you determined upon  
your fate8 asked the cadi4  ,rising from
 the ground1 and with firmness1 ,sol    
answered3--,i have determined4 ,lead me 
to the place where ,i am to shed my     
blood4  ,unhappy girl6 said the cadi1   
never1 till my death1 will thine image  
leave my memory6 ,he then desired a     
soldier to handcuff and lead her to the 
prison4  ,the authorities of ,fez1 at   
the emperor's desire1 having determined 

to give the scene as much publicity as  
possible1 resolved that the execution   
should take place upon the ,soco--a     
large square in ,fez1 where the market  
is held4 ,the previous day1 too1 having 
been one of the weekly market days1 when
 the concourse of persons was always    
very considerable1 the news had         
circulated far and wide1 and but little 
else was talked of4 ,very early in the  
morning1 a strong picquet of soldiers   
had been posted on the ,soco1 in order  
to excite attention1 and attract more   
spectators2 but so numerous was the     
crowd that this precaution was scarcely 
necessary4 ,the ,jews who resided in    
,fez1 when they saw that hope was at an 
end1 went to the emperor and proffered  
the large sum they had collected1 as was
 previously stated1 in exchange for the 
permission to inter the remains of the  
young ,sol after her execution2 to which
 the emperor offered no opposition4     
,the dreadful moment had now arrived1   
when the fair victim was to be conducted

 from her prison to the place of        
execution4 ,till it arrived1 her        
devotions had been uninterrupted1 and   
the executioners1 sent to fetch her1    
found her still praying to that ,eternal
 ,being in whom her faith was centred1  
that ,he would endow her with strength  
and fortitude to receive the bitter cup 
that awaited her4 ,when the door of her 
prison opened1 she saw the executioners 
enter without manifesting any emotion or
 surprise1 but looked meekly towards    
them1 waiting for the fulfilment of     
their mission4 ,but these men1 whose    
nature is hardened to the most savage   
cruelty1 after intimating to her that   
they were come to conduct her to death1 
tied around her neck a thick rope1 by   
which they commenced dragging her along 
as though she were a wild beast4 ,the   
lovely young girl1 wrapped in her       
haique1#af her eyes fixed on the earth1 
which she moistened with her bitter     
tears1 followed them with faltering     
steps4 ,as she passed1 compassion1      

grief1 tenderness1 and every painful    
emotion of the heart1 might be traced in
 the countenances of the ,jews2 but     
among the ,mahometans there were no     
visible relentings of humanity4 ,the    
,moors1 of all sects and ages1 who      
crowded the streets1 rent the air with  
their discordant rejoicings4 ,she comes6
 they cried2 she comes1 who blasphemed  
the name of the ,prophet4 ,let her die  
for her impiety6  ,from the prison to   
the ,soco1 the crowds every minute      
augmented1 though the square formed by  
the troops prevented their penetrating  
to the scaffold4 ,every alley and lane  
was crowded1 and amid the most extreme  
confusion the executioner arrived with  
,sol at the appointed spot4 ,the pen    
refuses to describe the incidents of the
 few succeeding moments4 ,some few1 even
 amongst the ,moors1 were moved1 and    
wept freely and bitterly4 ,the          
executioner#ag unsheathed his sharp     
scimetar1 and whirled it twice or thrice
 in the air1 as a signal for silence1   

when the uproar of the ,moors was       
hushed4 ,the beautiful ,sol was then    
directed to kneel down1--at which moment
 she begged for a little water to wash  
her hands4 ,it was immediately brought1 
when she performed the ablution required
 by the ,jewish custom before engaging  
in prayer4 ,the spectators were         
anxiously observant of all the actions  
of the victim4 ,lifting her eyes to     
heaven1 and amid many tears1 she recited
 the ,sema 7the prayer offered by those 
of her nation before death71 and then1  
turning to the executioners1 ,i have    
finished1 said she1 dispose of my life2 
and1 fixing her gaze upon the earth1 she
 knelt to receive the fatal stroke4     
,the scene had by this time begun to    
change its aspect4 ,the vast concourse  
of people1 seeing ,sol's meek           
gentleness1 could not but be moved2 many
 wept1 and all felt a degree of         
compassion for her faith4 ,the          
executioner1 then1 seizing the arms of  
the victim1 and twisting them behind her

 back1 bound them with a rope1 and      
whirling his sword in the air1 laid hold
 of the long hair of ,sol's head1 and   
wounded her slightly1 as he had been    
commanded1 yet so that the blood flowed 
instantly from the wound1 dyeing her    
breast and garments4  ,but ,sol1 turning
 her face to the cruel executioner1     
replied--  ,there is yet time1 said they
 to her2 be converted1 your life may yet
 be spared4  ,slay me1 and let me not   
linger in my sufferings2 dying          
innocently1 as ,i do1 the ,god of       
,abraham will judge my cause4  ,these   
were her last words1 at the close of    
them the scimetar descended upon her    
fair neck1 and the courageous maiden was
 no more4  ,the ,jews had paid six      
,moors to deliver to them the corpse    
with the blood-stained earth on which it
 lay1 immediately after the execution of
 the sentence4 ,this was accordingly    
done1 and the remains1 wrapped in a fine
 linen cloth1 were deposited in a deep  
sepulchre of the ,jewish cemetery by the

 side of those of a learned and honored 
sage of the law of ,moses4 ,amidst tears
 and sighs was the ,hebrew martyr       
buried4 ,even some of the ,moors        
followed her1 mourning to her grave1 and
 still visit her tomb1 and venerate her 
resting place as that of a true and     
faithful martyr to the creed she held4  
,,footnotes3  #i ,or captain of a       
hundred1 centurion4 ,from the ,arabic   
kaid1 a leader or chief1 mia1 a hundred4
 ,the ,kaidmia is adjutant of the       
empire4  #aj ,a kind of sweetmeat       
prepared for the emperor and persons of 
high rank1 composed of milk1 sugar1     
butter1 and cinnamon4  #aa ,a herb like 
sweet marjoram1 usually accompanying tea
 in ,morocco4  #ab ,a learned professor 
of the law4 ,it is the common practice  
in ,arabia to have whispering-galleries 
and watch-rooms in most houses1 so that 
what passes in one apartment may be     
overheard in another4  #ac ,it may here 
be mentioned1 that the ,moorish law     
cannot force a ,jew to change his       

religion2 this conversion must be       
voluntary4 ,the cadi could not1         
therefore1 condemn ,sol to death1       
because she refused to become a         
,mahometan1 unless she had made use of  
some expressions impugning the law of   
,mahomet4 ,this will be seen by the     
sequel4  #ad ,the ,jajamins or ,hajamins
 are ,jews invested with certain        
dignities--,anglice1 wise men1 and      
respected as such4  #ae ,on these words 
was the sentence of ,sol framed1        
impeaching1 as they did1 the ,mahometan 
creed4  #af ,the haique1 a sort of      
bonded cloak1 is worn in ,africa by the 
,jews as well as the ,moors4  #ag ,all  
,moorish executions are performed with a
 sword4     ,from ,chambers's ,edinburgh
 ,journal4  ,,adventures ,,of ,,an      
,,army ,,physician4  ,a ,,reminiscence  
,,of ,,the ,,british ,,rule ,,in        
,,new-,,york4   ,robert ,jackson1 the   
son of a small landed proprietor of     
limited income but respectable character
 in ,lanarkshire1 was born in #agej1 at 

,stonebyres1 in that county4 ,he        
received his education first at the     
barony school of ,wandon1 and afterwards
 under the care of ,mr4 ,wilson1 a      
teacher of considerable local celebrity 
at ,crawford1 one of the wildest spots  
in the ,southern ,highlands4 ,he was    
subsequently apprenticed to ,mr4        
,william ,baillie1 in ,biggar2 and in   
#agff proceeded1 for the completion of  
his professional training1 to the       
university of ,edinburgh1 at that time  
illustrated and adorned by the genius   
and learning of such men as the ,monros1
 the ,cullens1 and the ,blacks4  ,in    
pursuing his studies at this favored    
abode of science and literature1 young  
,jackson is said to have evinced all    
that purity of morals and singleness of 
heart which characterised him in        
after-life1 and to have resisted the    
allurements of dissipation by which1 in 
those days especially1 the youthful     
student was tempted to wander from the  
paths of virtuous industry4 ,his        

circumstances were1 however1            
distressingly narrow2 and not only was  
he forced to forego the means of        
professional improvement open only to   
the more opulent student2 but in order  
to meet the expenses of the             
winter-sessions1 he was obliged to      
employ the summer1 not in the study but 
in the practice of his profession4 ,he  
engaged himself as medical officer to a 
,greenland whaler1 and in two successive
 summers visited1 in that capacity1 the 
thrilling regions of thick-ribbed ice2  
returning on each occasion with a       
recruited purse and a frame strengthened
 and invigorated by exposure and        
exercise4 ,during these expeditions he  
occupied his leisure with the study of  
the ,greek and ,roman languages1 and the
 careful and repeated perusal of the    
best authors in both4  ,his third       
winter-sessions at ,edinburgh having    
passed away1 he was induced to go out   
and seek his fortune in ,jamaica1 and   
accordingly proceeded thither in a      

vessel commanded by one ,captain        
,cunningham1 who had previously been    
employed as master of a transport at the
 siege of ,havannah4 ,it is far from    
improbable that it was from his         
conversations with this individual that 
,jackson derived those hints1 of which  
at a future time he availed himself1    
respecting the transmission of troops by
 sea without injury to their health2 but
 it is quite certain his conviction of  
the enormous value of cold-water        
affusions as a curative agent in the    
last stage of febrile affections1 was   
imbibed from this source4  ,arriving in 
,jamaica1 he in #aggd became assistant  
to an eminent general practitioner at   
,savana-la-,mar1 ,dr4 ,king1 who was    
also in medical charge of a detachment  
of the first battalion of the #ejth     
regiment4 ,this latter he consigned to  
,jackson's care2 and well worthy of the 
trust did our young adventurer1 though  
but twenty-four years of age1 approve   
himself--visiting three or four times a 

day the quarters of the troops to detect
 incipient disease1 and studying with   
ardor and intelligent attention the     
varied phenomena of tropical maladies4  
,four years thus passed profitably away1
 and they would have been as pleasant as
 profitable1 but for one circumstance4  
,the existence of slavery and its       
concomitant horrors1 appears to have    
made a deep impression on ,jackson's    
mind1 and1 at last1 to have produced in 
him such sentiments of disgust and      
abhorrence1 that he resolved on quitting
 the island altogether1 and1 as the     
phrase is1 trying his luck in ,north    
,america1 where the revolutionary war   
was then raging4 ,this resolution--due  
perhaps1 as much to his love of travel  
as to the motive assigned--was not      
altogether unfortunate1 for shortly     
after his departure1 ,october #c1 #aghj1
 ,savana-la-,mar was totally destroyed1 
and the surrounding country for a       
considerable distance desolated1 by a   
terrible hurricane and sweeping inroad  

of the sea1 in which ,dr4 ,king1 his    
family and partner1 together with       
numbers of others1 unhappily perished4  
,the law of ,jamaica forbade any one to 
leave the island without having given   
previous notice of his intention1 or    
having obtained the bond of some        
respectable person as security for such 
debts as he might have outstanding4     
,jackson1 when he embarked for ,america1
 had no debts whatever1 and was1        
moreover1 ignorant of the law1 with     
whose requirements therefore he did not 
comply4 ,nor did he become aware of his 
mistake until1 when off the easternmost 
point of the island1 the master of the  
vessel approached him and said3 ,we are 
now1 sir1 off ,point-,morant2 you will  
therefore have the goodness to favor me 
with your security-bond4 ,it is a mere  
legal form1 but we are obliged to       
respect it4 ,finding this legal form had
 not been complied with1 the master     
then1 in spite of ,jackson's            
protestations and entreaties1 set him on

 shore1 and the vessel continued on her 
voyage4 ,what was to be done8 ,almost   
penniless1 landed on a part of the coast
 where he knew not a soul1 ,jackson     
well-nigh gave himself up to despair4   
,there was a vessel for ,new-,york      
loading1 it was true1 at ,lucea2 but    
,lucea was #aej miles distant1 on the   
westernmost side of the island1 and not 
to be reached by sea1 whilst our        
adventurer's purse would not suffer him 
to hire a horse4 ,no choice was left him
 but to walk1 and that in a country     
where the exigencies of the climate make
 pedestrianism perilous in the extreme  
to the white man4 ,having reached       
,kingston1 which was in the             
neighborhood1 in a boat1 and obtained   
the necessary certificate1 he started on
 his dangerous expedition1 and on the   
first day walked eighteen miles1 being  
sheltered at night in the house of a    
benevolent planter4 ,the next day he    
pushed on for ,rio ,bueno1 which he had 
almost reached1 when1 overcome by       

thirst1 he stopped by the way to refresh
 himself1 and imprudently standing in an
 open piazza exposed to a smart easterly
 breeze1 whilst his lemonade was        
preparing1 contracted a severe chill    
that almost took from him the power of  
motion1 and left him to crawl along the 
road slowly and with pain1 until he     
reached his destination4  ,having       
finally arrived1 friendless and         
moneyless1 in ,new-,york1 then in the   
occupation of the ,british1 he          
endeavored first to obtain a commission 
in the ,new-,york volunteers1 and       
afterwards employment as mate in the    
,naval ,hospital4 ,in his endeavors1 he 
was kindly assisted by a ,jamaica       
gentleman1 a fellow-passenger1 whose    
regard during the voyage he had         
succeeded in conciliating by his amiable
 manners and evident abilities2 but his 
efforts were all in vain1 and poor      
,jackson1 familiar with poverty from    
childhood1 began now to experience the  
misery of destitution4 ,in truth1       

starvation stared him in the face1 and a
 sense of delicacy withheld him from    
seeking from his ,jamaica friend the    
most trifling pecuniary assistance4 ,in 
this1 his state of desperation1 he      
determined upon passing the ,british    
lines1 and endeavoring to obtain amongst
 the insurgents the food he had hitherto
 sought in vain2 resolving1 however1    
under no circumstances to bear arms     
against his native country4 ,whilst     
moodily and slowly walking towards the  
,british outposts to carry into         
execution this scheme1 having in one    
pocket a shirt1 and in another a ,greek 
,testament and a ,homer1 he was met     
half-way by a ,british officer1 who     
fixed his eyes steadily on him in       
passing4 ,jackson in his agitation      
thought he read in the glance a         
knowledge of his purpose and a          
disapprobation of it4 ,struck by the    
incident1 he turned back1 and1 after a  
moment's reflection1 resolved on        
offering himself as a volunteer in the  

first battalion of the #gast regiment   
7,sutherland ,highlanders71 then in     
cantonment near ,new-,york4 ,arriving at
 the place1 he presented himself to the 
notice of ,lieutenant-,colonel          
7afterwards ,sir ,archibald7 ,campbell1 
who1 having first ascertained that he   
was a ,scotsman1 inquired to whom he was
 known at ,new-,york4 ,jackson replied1 
to no one2 but that a fellow-passenger  
from ,jamaica would readily testify to  
his being a gentleman4 ,i require no    
testimony to your being a gentleman1    
returned the kind-hearted colonel4 ,your
 countenance and address satisfy me on  
that head4 ,i will receive you into the 
regiment with pleasure2 but then ,i have
 to inform you1 ,mr4 ,jackson1 that     
there are seventeen on the list before  
you1 who are of course entitled to prior
 promotion4 ,the next day1 at the       
instance of ,colonel ,campbell1 the     
regimental surgeon1 ,dr4 ,stuart1       
appointed ,jackson acting hospital or   
surgeon's mate--a rank now happily      

abolished in the ,british army2 for     
those who filled it1 whatever might be  
their competency or skill1 were         
accounted and treated no better than    
drudges4 ,although discharging the      
duties that now devolve on the          
assistant-surgeon1 they were not1 like  
him1 commissioned1 but only             
warrant-officers1 and therefore had no  
title to half-pay4  ,dr4 ,stuart1 who   
appears to have been a man superior to  
vulgar prejudice1 and to have           
appreciated at once the extent of       
,jackson's acquirements and the vigor of
 his intellect1 relinquished to him1    
almost without control1 the charge of   
the regimental hospital4 ,here it was   
that this able young officer began to   
put in practice that amended system of  
army medical treatment which since his  
time1 but in conformity with his        
teachings1 has been so successfully     
carried out as to reduce the mortality  
amongst our soldiery from what it       
formerly was--about fifteen per cent--to

 what it is now1 about two and a half   
per cent4  ,in the army hospitals1 at   
the period ,jackson commenced a career  
that was to eventuate so gloriously1    
there was no regulated system of diet1  
no classification of the sick4 ,what are
 now well known as medical comforts1    
were things unheard of2 the sick        
soldier1 like the healthy soldier1 had  
his ration of salt-beef or pork1 and his
 allowance of rum4 ,the hospital        
furnished him with no bedding2 he must  
bring his own blanket4 ,any place would 
do for a hospital4 ,that in which       
,jackson began his labors had originally
 been a commissary's store2 but happily 
its roof was water-tight--an unusual    
occurrence--and its site being in close 
proximity to a wood1 our active         
surgeon's mate managed1 by the aid of a 
common fatigue party1 to surround the   
walls with wicker-work platforms1 which 
served the patients as tolerably        
comfortable couches4 ,a further and     
still more important change he effected 

related to the article of diet4 ,he     
suggested1 and the suggestion was       
adopted--honor to the courageous        
humanity which did not shrink from so   
righteous an innovation6--that instead  
of his salt ration and spirits1 which he
 could not consume1 the sick soldier    
should be supplied with fresh meat1     
broth1 c42 and that1 as the quantity    
required for the invalid would be       
necessarily small1 the quarter-master   
should allow the saving on the commuted 
ration to be expended in the common     
market on other comforts1 such as sago1 
c41 suitable for the patient4 ,thus     
proper hospital diet was furnished1     
without entailing any additional expense
 on the state4#ah  ,indefatigable in the
 discharge of his interesting duties1   
,mr4 ,jackson speedily obtained the     
confidence of his military superiors1   
who remarked with admiration not only   
his intelligent zeal in performing his  
hospital functions1 but his calmness1   
quickness of perception1 and generous   

self-devotion when in the field of      
battle4 ,on one occasion1 although      
suffering at the time from severe       
indisposition1 he remained1 under a     
heavy fire1 succoring the wounded1 in   
spite of the remonstrances of the       
officers present4 ,on another1 having   
observed the ,british commander1        
,colonel 7afterwards ,general7          
,tarleton1 in danger of falling into the
 hands of the enemy1 who had routed the 
royalist troops1 he galloped up to the  
colonel--whom a musket-ball had just    
dismounted-pressed him to mount his own 
horse and escape1 whilst he himself1    
with a white handkerchief displayed1    
quietly proceeded in the direction of   
the advancing foe1 and surrendered      
himself at once4 ,the ,american         
commander1 who did not know what to make
 of such conduct1 asked him who he was8 
,he replied3 ,i am assistant surgeon in 
the #gast regiment4 ,many of the men are
 wounded1 and in your hands4 ,i come1   
therefore1 to offer my services in      

attending them4 ,he was accordingly sent
 to the rear as a prisoner2 but was well
 treated1 and spent the first night of  
his captivity in dressing his soldiers' 
wounds1 taking off his shirt1 and       
tearing it up into bandages for the     
purpose4 ,he afterwards did the same    
good office for the ,american sufferers2
 and when the wounded ,english could be 
exchanged1 ,washington sent him back1   
not only without exchange1 but even     
without requiring his parole4 ,at a     
subsequent period during the same       
unhappy war1 when the ,british under    
,lord ,cornwallis were in full retreat1 
the sick and wounded were placed in a   
building--which the colonists1 on their 
approach1 began to riddle with shot4    
,several surgeons1 not caring to incur  
the risk of entering so exposed an      
edifice1 agreed to cast lots who should 
go in and see to the invalids2 but      
,jackson1 with characteristic nerve and 
simplicity1 at once stepped forward3    
,no1 no1 said he1 ,i will go and attend 

to the men6 ,he did so1 and returned    
unhurt4  ,after this we find him a      
prisoner in the hands of the ,americans 
and ,french at ,yorktown1 ,virginia4 ,as
 on the former occasion1 he was treated 
with all imaginable kindness2 and1 being
 released on parole1 returned to ,europe
 early in #aghb1 and proceeded by way of
 ,cork1 ,dublin1 and ,greenock to       
,edinburgh1 where he abode for a short  
time4 ,thence he started for ,london3   
and1 desirous of testing the best way of
 sustaining physical strength during    
long marches1 and urged perhaps also by 
economical considerations1 he resolved  
to make the journey on foot4 ,his ,west 
,indian and ,american experience had    
taught him that spare diet consisted    
best with pedestrian efficiency1 and it 
was accordingly his practice1 during    
this long walk1 to abstain from animal  
food until the close of day1 nor often  
then to partake of it4 ,he would walk   
some fourteen miles before breakfast--a 
meal of tea and bread2 rest then for an 

hour or an hour and a half2 then pace on
 until bedtime--a salad1 a tart1 or     
sometimes tea and bread1 forming his    
usual evening fare4 ,he found that on   
this diet he arose every morning at dawn
 with alacrity1 and could prosecute     
without inconvenience his laborious     
undertaking4 ,by way of experiment he   
twice or thrice varied his plan--dining 
on the road off beefsteaks1 and having a
 draught of porter in the course of the 
afternoon2 but the result justified his 
anticipations4 ,the stimulus of the beer
 soon passing off1 lassitude succeeded  
the temporary strength it had lent him2 
and1 worse than all1 his disposition to 
early rising sensibly diminished4  ,his 
stay in ,london1 which he reached in    
this primitive fashion1 was not long4   
,his kind friend ,dr4 ,stuart1 who had  
exchanged into the ,royal               
,horse-,guards1 gave him the shelter of 
his roof2 but so poor was ,mr4 ,jackson1
 that1 although ardently desirous of    
improving himself in his profession1 he 

was unable to attend any one of the     
medical schools with which ,london      
abounds4  ,the peace of #aghc having    
opened the continent to the curiosity of
 the ,british traveller1 ,jackson curtly
 announced to his friends1 that he was  
going to take a walk4 ,his poverty      
allowed him no other mode of locomotion2
 so off he set on the grand tour1       
carrying with him a map of ,france1 a   
bundle of clothes1 and a scanty supply  
of money4 ,crossing the ,channel1 he    
reached ,calais1 a place which ,horace  
,walpole1 writing from ,rome1 declared  
had astonished him more than any thing  
he had elsewhere seen1 but in which our 
adventurer found nothing more           
astonishing than a superb ,swiss        
regiment4 ,he proceeded to ,paris1 and  
thence through ,switzerland1 by ,geneva 
and ,berne1 into ,germany1 at a town of 
which--,guenz in ,suabia--he met with a 
comical enough adventure4  ,on entering 
the town he was challenged by a soldier1
 who1 having learned he had no passport1

 carried him before a magistrate1 by    
whom he was forthwith condemned as a    
vagabond1 and remitted to the custody of
 a recruiting sergeant4 ,this worthy1 in
 turn1 introduced him to the commanding 
officer1 who politely gave our traveller
 the choice of serving his ,imperial and
 ,apostolic ,majesty1 the ,emperor of   
,germany1 either in his cavalry or his  
infantry forces4 ,but ,jackson1         
strangely insensible to the honor1      
flatly refused to serve his ,majesty in 
these or any other ways1 and desired to 
be at once set free1 and suffered to    
continue his journey4 ,the officer1     
doubtless1 amazed at such presumption1  
desired the sergeant to convey him to   
the barracks1 where he was placed in a  
large room1 in which were congregated   
some two hundred or so involuntary      
recruits like himself--harmless         
travellers1 who1 being destitute of     
passports1 the emperor forcibly enlisted
 into his service4 ,jackson found his   
co-mates in misfortune very dirty1 very 

ragged1 but perfectly civil and         
good-tempered4 ,having a little         
recovered his serenity--for it is easy  
to see1 though our hero is described as 
a man of placid demeanor and somewhat   
,quakerly appearance1 he could be not a 
little fiery at times--he sat down and  
wrote to the commanding officer1        
entreating leave to sleep at an inn1 and
 proffering the deposit of all his money
 as a pledge for his reappearance next  
morning4 ,the reply was an order that he
 should surrender his writing materials4
 ,at seven o'clock1 the appointed       
sleeping hour1 the sergeant returned and
 gave the signal for bed by rapping with
 his cane on the floor1 which was       
speedily covered by a number of dirty   
bags of mouldy straw--the regulation    
mattresses1 it would seem1 for          
involuntary recruits4 ,jackson--peppery 
again--refused to lie down1 but was at  
last compelled to do so1 and between two
 of the dirtiest fellows of the lot1    
each of whom had a leg chained to an    

arm4 ,the next morning1 at his own      
request1 he was brought before the      
commandant of the town1 who had only    
arrived late the preceding evening1 and 
whom he found seated in his bedroom1    
with all his officers standing round him
 receiving orders1 says ,jackson1 with  
more humility than orderly-sergeants4   
,the commandant repeated the offer of   
cavalry or infantry2 adding that a war  
was about to commence with the ,turks1  
and that good-behavior would insure     
promotion4 ,however1 finding ,jackson   
obstinately persistent in his refusal1  
he quietly observed1 in conclusion1 that
 the emperor1 as a matter of rule and of
 right1 impressed into his army all such
 as entered his dominions without       
certificates of character4 ,the order   
was so tyrannical1 declares our detenu1 
that ,i could not contain myself4 ',put 
me in chains1 if you please1' ,i said1  
'but ,i tell you1 all ,germany shall not
 make me carry a musket for the         
emperor4' ,this impetuous burst of      

indignation seems to have alarmed the   
pglegmatic commandant1 who accordingly  
let our adventurer go1 counselling him1 
however1 to write to the ,english       
ambassador at ,vienna for a passport1   
lest he should get into further trouble4
  ,jackson passed through the ,tyrol    
into ,italy1 every where indulging his  
love of scenery and still greater love  
of adventure2 studying with all the     
acuteness of his countrymen the varied  
characters of the people he met with1   
and in his correspondence with home     
friends1 sketching them in language     
striking for its force1 its propriety1  
and originality4 ,some of his remarks on
 men and manners are conceived in a     
truly ,goldsmithian vein1 whilst all    
testify at once to the goodness of his  
heart and the quickness of his          
perceptions4 ,at ,venice he says that he
 felt it to be such a feast of enjoyment
 as seldom falls to the lot of man1 and 
never to the lot of any but a poor man1 
who has nothing conspicuous about him to

 attract the notice of the crowd1 to    
possess such facilities as he did for   
learning what the people of foreign     
countries really were4  ,at ,albenga1 in
 ,piedmont1 ,jackson arrived one night1 
tired1 hungry1 and drenched with rain4  
,intending to put up at the ,albergo di 
,san ,dominico1 which he had been       
informed was the best inn1 he went by   
accident to the convent of the same     
name1 and entering1 called loudly to be 
shown to a private room4 ,instead of    
telling me ,i was wrong1 he says1 the   
young brethren looked waggish1 and began
 to laugh3 when a man is cold and       
hungry1 he can ill brook being the sport
 of others2 so accordingly--peppery     
again--he shook his stick angrily at the
 young monks4 ,and at last one of the   
most courteous and demure of the number1
 coming forward1 said that although     
theirs was not exactly a public house1  
still the stranger was heartily welcome 
to walk in1 rest1 and refresh himself4  
,discovering his mistake1 ,jackson of   

course lost no time in making his bow1  
his apologies1 and acknowledgments4  ,he
 returned to ,england by way of ,france1
 having but six sous in his pockets when
 he reached ,bordeaux1 where an ,english
 merchant1 a total stranger1 advanced   
him a few pounds4 ,on the road1 he was  
frequently taken for an ,irishman1 and  
not seldom for an ,irish priest2 under  
which impression1 many civilities were  
paid him by the simple inhabitants of   
the country he traversed4 ,ultimately he
 landed at ,southampton1 with just four 
shillings in his possession3 his once   
black coat having turned a rusty brown1 
his hat shovel-shaped by ill-usage1 and 
his whole aspect so comical1 that the   
mob hooted him1 under the belief that he
 was a ,methodist preacher4 ,proceeding 
inland on foot1 in the direction of     
,southampton1 he overtook a poor man    
walking along the road1 whose looks of  
unutterable misery induced our traveller
 to stop and inquire what ailed him4 ,he
 told ,jackson he had a son and daughter

 dying of a disorder apparently         
contagious1 and that no physician would 
attend them1 as he was too poor to pay  
the fees4 ,jackson at once offered his  
services1 which were gratefully         
accepted4 ,he saw his patients1 and     
prescribed for them1 and his heart was  
touched by their simple expressions of  
gratitude4 ,their thankfulness1 he says1
 for a thing that would perhaps do them 
no good1 gave me more pleasure than a   
fee of1 ,i believe1 twenty guineas1 much
 in need of it as ,i was4 ,the night had
 gathered in before he reached          
,winchester1 where1 at a respectable    
inn1 he partook of such refreshment as  
his means afforded1 and then desired to 
be shown to his bedroom4 ,the answer    
was1 that the house contained no bedroom
 for such as he1 and he was finally     
driven out with the coarsest abuse into 
the streets4 ,the hour was ten o'clock1 
the month ,december1 and the severity of
 the weather may be guessed from the    
fact1 that the snow lay deep on the     

ground4 ,after wandering about for some 
time1 he at last obtained shelter in a  
small house in the outskirts of the     
city4 ,the next day he fared little     
better4 ,on ,sunday morning1 he relates1
 ,i was sixty-four miles from ,london1  
and had only one shilling in my pocket4 
,i was hungry1 but durst not eat2       
thirsty1 and ,i durst not drink1 for    
fear of being obliged to lie all night  
at the side of a hedge in a cold night  
in ,december4 ,after dark1 ,i travelled 
over to ,bagshot2 was denied admittance 
into some of the public-houses1 ill used
 in others4 ,he sought in vain          
permission even to lie in a barn2 but a 
laborer he fortunately fell in with     
conducted him to a house1 where1 at the 
sacrifice of his last shilling1 he      
secured at length a bed4 ,the next      
day--foot-sore1 penniless and           
starving--he entered ,london4 ,after    
remaining there a brief space--,january1
 #aghd--;in spite of the inclement      
season1 he set off1 again on foot1 to   

,perth--a journey that occupied him     
three weeks1 as he was detained on the  
way by some friends whom he visited4 ,at
 ,perth1 where his old regiment then lay
 previous to its disbandment1 he amused 
himself by studying ,gaelic1 and the    
controversy respecting ,ossian and his  
poems4 ,quitting ,perth1 he travelled1  
still on foot1 through the ,highlands1  
the inhabitants of which he was1 in the 
first instance1 disposed to class with  
savages2 but when he had observed the   
originality of conception1 the breadth  
of humor1 and the elevated sentiments   
which mark the ,celt1 his opinions      
underwent a total revolution4 ,he was   
especially delighted with a ragged old  
reiver or cattle-lifter whom he         
encountered1 and who had given shelter  
to the ,young ,chevalier in the braes of
 ,glenmoriston after the battle of      
,culloden4  ,on his return to           
,edinburgh1 ,jackson married a lady of  
fortune1 the daughter of ,dr4           
,stephenson1 and niece of his old friend

 ,colonel ,francis ,shelley1 of the     
#gast regiment2 and was enabled by this 
accession to his means once again to    
visit ,paris1 where he not only resumed 
his medical studies1 but acquired the   
mastery of several languages1 ,arabic   
amongst the rest4 ,having graduated ,m4 
,d4 at ,leyden1 he came back again to   
,england1 and commenced practice at     
,stockton-upon-,tees1 in ,durham4       
,although his reputation speedily became
 considerable1 especially in cases of   
fever1 he seems scarcely to have liked  
his new avocation4 ,he found solace1    
however1 in his favorite study of       
language1 which he pursued with         
unremitting ardor--constantly reading   
through the ,greek and ,latin classics1 
and not only rendering himself familiar 
with the best works of the modern       
continental authors1 but also with the  
literature of the ,arabic1 ,persian1    
,hebrew1 and ,gaelic tongues4 ,the      
,bostan of ,saadi is said to have been  
one of his most favorite poems4  ,on the

 war breaking out in #agic1 ,dr4        
,jackson--who1 in #agia1 had published a
 valuable work on the fevers of ,jamaica
 and continental ,america--applied for  
employment as army-physician2 but ,mr4  
,hunter1 the director-general of the    
medical department of the army1         
considering none eligible for such      
employment who had not served as staff  
or regimental surgeon1 or apothecary to 
the forces1 ,jackson agreed to accept1  
in the first instance1 the surgeoncy of 
the #c;d ,buffs1 on the understanding1  
that at a future time1 he should be     
nominated physician as he desired4 ,mr4 
,hunter1 however1 ever1 died soon after 
this2 and his promise was not fulfilled 
by the ,board which succeeded him in the
 medical direction of the army1 and     
which appears to have pursued ,dr4      
,jackson with uniform hostility4        
,returning to ,england with the troops1 
it was offered to him to accompany1 in  
the capacity of chief medical officer1  
,sir ,ralph ,abercromby's expedition    

against some of the ,west ,india        
islands2 and although no employment     
could possibly have been more agreeable 
to his taste1 he1 much to ,sir ,ralph's 
chagrin1 declined the flattering        
proposal1 on the grounds1 that lower    
terms had been offered to him than to   
another professional man4 ,nothing but a
 sense of professional delicacy1 it is  
plain1 governed him in this transaction1
 for he immediately afterwards embarked 
7,april1 #agif7 as second medical       
officer in another expedition to ,san   
,domingo4 ,during his abode in this     
island1 he was unwearied in enlarging   
his acquaintance with tropical          
diseases--observing the rule he had     
followed in ,holland of noting down by  
the patient's bedside the minutest      
particulars of every case he attended1  
the effects of the treatment pursued1   
and whatever else might shed light on   
the intricacies of pathological science4
 ,he also gave a larger practical       
operation to the scheme he had years    

before devised of amending the dietaries
 of military hospitals4  ,after the     
evacuation of ,san ,domingo in #agih1   
our physician paid a visit to the       
,united ,states1 where he was received  
with signal distinction1 his reputation 
having preceded him4 ,the latter part of
 the year found him again at ,stockton1 
publishing a work on contagious and     
endemic fevers1 more especially the     
contagious fever of ships1 jails1 and   
hospitals1 vulgarly called the          
yellow-fever of the ,west ,indies2      
together with an explanation of military
 discipline and economy1 with a scheme  
for the medical arrangements of armies4 
,he undertook1 about this time1 by      
desire of ,count ,woronzow1 the ,russian
 ambassador1 the medical charge of      
seventeen hundred ,russian soldiers1 who
 were stationed in the ,channel ,islands
 in a sad state of disease and          
disorganization2 and so admirably did he
 acquit himself1 and so perfect were the
 hospital provisions he made1 that      

7#ahjj7 the commander-in-chief nominated
 him physician and head of the          
army-hospital depot at ,chatham--as he  
says1 without any application or        
knowledge on his part4 ,this appointment
 was the cause of his subsequent        
misfortunes4  ,at ,chatham1 with the    
warm approbation of ,major-,general     
,hewett1 commanding the depot1 he       
introduced that system of hospital      
reform form which had elsewhere operated
 so successfully4 ,the changes he       
effected1 as soon as they were made1    
became known to the ,medical ,board1 and
 were publicly approved of by one of its
 members4 ,however1 shortly afterwards1 
an epidemic broke out in the depot 7then
 removed to the ,isle of ,wight71       
arising from the fact1 that the barracks
 were overcrowded with young recruits1  
but which the medical board ascribed to 
,jackson's innovations1 and reported so 
to the ,horse-,guards4 ,the             
commander-in-chief directed an inquiry  
to take place before a medical board    

impannelled for the purpose1 and the    
result of that inquiry may be guessed   
from a communication made by the        
,war-,office to the commandant of the   
depot4 ,this states the unanimous       
opinion of the board to have exculpated 
,dr4 ,jackson from all improper         
treatment of diseases in the sick1 and  
the commander-in-chief's gratification1 
than an opportunity has thus been given 
to that most zealous officer of proving 
his fitness for the important situation 
in which he is placed4 ,the result of   
this wretched intrigue1 however1 was    
that ,jackson1 disgusted with the whole 
affair1 requested to be placed on       
half-pay1 to which request the ,duke of 
,york1 with marked reluctance1 at last  
7,march #ahjc7 acceded4  ,in his        
retirement at ,stockton1 ,jackson put   
forth two valuable works1 one on the    
medical economy of armies1 and another  
on that of the ,british army in         
particular1 and was much gratified by an
 offer to accompany1 as military        

secretary1 ,general ,simcoe1 just       
appointed commander-in-chief in ,india4 
,the general's sudden death1 however1   
put an end to this plan2 and ,jackson   
continued at ,stockton1 addressing      
frequent representations to government  
on the defective medical arrangements in
 the military service--representations  
the very receipt of which were not      
acknowledged by ,mr4 ,pitt1 to whom they
 were forwarded4 ,the ,peninsular war   
commencing1 ,dr4 ,jackson was again     
named ,inspector of ,hospitals1 but was 
not1 thanks to the persevering enmity of
 the ,medical ,board1 sent on foreign   
service1 although he volunteered to sink
 his rank1 and go in any capacity4 ,the 
,board even succeeded1 by calumnious    
statements1 that he had purchased his   
diploma--statements he readily          
confuted--in preventing his appointment 
to the ,spanish liberating army2        
although the ,british government had    
formally requested him to accept such an
 appointment1 and agreed to give        

credentials testifying to his capacity  
and trustworthiness4 ,this last         
appointment led him1 in an unguarded    
moment--peppery to the last--to inflict 
a slight personal chastisement on the   
surgeon-general1 for which he was       
imprisoned six months in the ,king's    
,bench4  ,but the triumph of his enemies
 was not of long duration4 ,in #ahaj the
 ,board was dissolved1 and the control  
of the medical department vested in a   
director-general1 with three principal  
inspectors subordinate to him4 ,then did
 ,jackson return to active service1 and 
from #ahaa to #ahae was employed in the 
,west ,indies2 his reports from whence  
embracing every topic relating to       
medical topography1 to sanitary         
arrangements1 and to the observed       
phenomena of tropical disease1 are1 it  
is not too much to say1 invaluable4 ,his
 hints as to the choice of sites for    
barracks1 the propriety of giving to    
soldiers healthy employment and         
recreation1 as a means of averting      

sickness1 his suggestions as to the     
treatment of fevers and other endemic   
diseases1 may be found in the various   
works he has published1 embodying the   
fruits of his ,west ,indian experience4 
,in #ahai1 he was sent by government to 
,spain1 where the yellow-fever had      
broken out1 and his report upon its     
characteristics has been universally    
admitted to supply the fullest          
information on the subject that had     
hitherto been communicated to the       
public4 ,he availed himself of his      
presence in that part of ,europe to pay 
a visit to ,constantinople and the      
,levant2 and1 retaining his energy to   
the last1 when a ,british force was sent
 to ,portugal in #ahbg1 he desired      
permission to accompany it4 ,the sands  
of his life1 however1 were then fast    
running out1 and on the #fth of ,april  
in the same year he died1 after a short 
illness1 at ,thursby1 near ,carlisle1 in
 the seventy-seventh year of his age4   
,thus closed a long career of           

usefulness2 for it is not too much to   
say1 that few men of his time labored   
harder to benefit his fellow-creatures  
than did ,dr4 ,robert ,jackson4         
99       99       99       99       99  
,,spanish ,,names4--,a ,spanish journal 
gives the following singular names as   
those of two employes in the ,finance   
department at ,madrid3--,don ,epifanio  
,mirurzururdundua y ,zengotita1 and ,don
 ,juan ,nepomuceno de                   
,burionagonatotorecagogeazcoecha4 ,the  
journal would have done well to have    
given some directions as to the         
pronunciation4  ,,footnotes3  #ah ,the  
late ,admiral ,sir ,edward ,codrington1 
when in command1 during the war1 of a   
frigate on the coast of ,calabria1      
finding sickness appear amongst his     
crew1 purchased on his own              
responsibility some bullocks1 for the   
purpose of supplying them with fresh    
meat4 ,lord ,collingwood having heard of
 this1 and considering it a breach of   
discipline1 sent for ,codrington1 and   

addressed him3 ,captain ,codrington1    
pray have you any idea of the price of a
 bullock ,in this place8 ,no1 my lord1  
was the reply1 ,i have not2 but ,i know 
well the value of a ,british sailor's   
life6     ,from ,dicken's ,household    
,words4  ,,strings ,,of ,,proverbs4     
,when a saying has passed into a        
national proverb1 it is regarded as     
having received the hall-mark of the    
people1 with respect to its prudence or 
practical wisdom4 ,proverbs deal only   
with realities1 generally of the most   
homely and every-day kind1 and are      
always supposed to comprise the most    
sage advice1 or the most broad worldly  
truth1 within the least possible        
compass4  ,now1 while we admit that     
proverbs are for the most part true1 and
 useful in their teaching1 and that they
 very often inculcate excellent maxims1 
we must at the same time enter our      
protest against the infallibility of    
most of them4 ,numbers will be found1 on
 the least examination 7which is seldom 

given to them7 to be one-sided truths2  
others1 inculcate an utterly selfish    
conduct1 under the guise of prudence or 
worldly wisdom2 and some of them are    
absolutely false1 or only of the        
narrowest application4 ,the majority of 
the proverbs1 of all modern nations1    
originate with the people1 and with the 
humbler classes 7we must except the     
,chinese and ,arabic1 which are         
evidently the product of their sages71  
as witnessed by the homeliness of the   
allusions1 and the frequent vulgarity1  
but1 in all cases1 the actual experience
 of life and its ordinary occurences    
with regard to men and things4 ,they are
 full of corn1 with a proportionate     
quantity of chaff and straw4 ,let us no 
longer1 therefore1 take all these       
sayings for granted2 let us rather take 
them to task a little1 for their        
revision and our own good4  ,proverbs   
being the common property of all        
mankind1 and often to be traced to very 
remote geographical sources1 we shall   

observe no national classification2 but 
string a few together now and then from 
,arabia and ,china1 from ,spain1 ,italy1
 ,france1 or ,england1 just as they may 
occur4 ,so1 now to our first string4    
,honesty is the best policy4 ,this is   
true in the higher sense2 but doubtful  
in the sense usually intended4 ,it is   
true as to the general good1 but not    
usually for the individual1 except in   
the long run4 7,we pass over the obvious
 truth1 that it is better policy to earn
 a guinea1 than to steal one1 because   
the proverb has a far wider range of    
meaning than that47 ,to be a politic1   
clever fellow1 a vast deal more humoring
 of prejudices1 errors1 and follies1 is 
requisite1 than at all assorts with true
 honesty of character4 ,if1 however1 we 
regard this proverb only on its higher  
moral ground1 then1 of course1 we must  
at once admit its truth4 ,the reader    
will probably be surprised1 as we were1 
to find that it comes from the ,chinese1
 and will be found in the translation of

 the novel of ,iu-,kiao-,li4  ,a leap   
from a hedge is better than a good man's
 prayer4 7,spanish47 ,the leap 7of a    
robber7 from his lurking-place1 being   
preferable to asking charity1 and       
receiving a blessing1 is one of those   
proverbs1 the impudent immorality of    
which is of a kind that makes it        
impossible to help laughing4 ,its frank 
atrocity amounts to the ludicrous4 ,it  
is an old ,spanish proverb1 and occurs  
in ,don ,quixote--of course in the mouth
 of ,sancho4  ,a bird in the hand is    
worth two in the bush4 ,the extreme     
caution ridiculed by this proverb is of 
a kind which one would hardly have      
expected to be popular in a commercial  
country4 ,if this were acted upon1 there
 would be an end of trade and commerce1 
and all capital would lie dead at the   
banker's--as a bird who was held safe4  
,the truth is1 our whole practice is of 
a directly opposite kind4 ,we regard a  
bird in the hand as worth only a bird2  
and we know there is no chance of making

 it worth two birds--not to speak of the
 hope of a dozen--without letting it out
 of the hand4 ,inasmuch1 however1 as the
 proverb also means to exhort us not to 
give up a good certainty for a tempting 
uncertainty1 we do most fully coincide  
in its prudence and good sense4 ,it is  
identical with the ,french ,mieux vaut  
un 'tiens' que deux 'tu l'auras1'--one  
take this is better than two thou shalt 
have it2--identical also with the       
,italian3 ,e meglio un uovo oggi1 che   
una gallina domani2 an egg to-day is    
better than a hen to-morrow4 ,it owes   
its origin to the ,arabic--,a thousand  
cranes in the air1 are not worth one    
sparrow in the fist4  ,enough is as good
 as a feast4 ,the best comment on this  
proverb that occurs to us was the reply 
made by ,rooke1 the composer 7a man who 
had a fund of racy ,irish wit in him71  
at a time when he was struggling with   
considerable worldly difficulties4 ,how 
few are our real wants6 said a consoling
 friend2 of what consequence is a       

splendid dinner8 ,enough is as good as a
 feast4--,yes1 replied ,rooke1 and      
therefore a feast is as good as         
enough--and ,i think ,i prefer the      
former4  ,love me1 love my dog4 ,at     
first sight this has a kindly           
appearance1 as of one whose interest in 
a humble friend was as great as any he  
took in himself2 but1 on looking closer 
into it1 we fear it involves a curious  
amount of selfish encroachment upon the 
kindness of others--a sort of doubling  
of the individuality1 with all its      
exactions4 ,my dog 7in whatever shape7  
may be an odious beast2 or1 at best1 one
 who either makes himself1 or1 whose    
misfortune it is to be1 very            
disagreeable to certain people2 but1    
never mind--what of that1 if he is my   
dog8 ,society could not go on if this   
were persisted it4  ,set a beggar on    
horseback1 and he'll ride to the devil4 
,the direction in which he will ride    
depends entirely on the character of the
 beggar--or poor man suddenly risen to  

power4 ,some sink over the other side of
 the horse1 and drop into utter sloth   
and pampered sensualism2 but others do  
their best to ride well1 and sometimes  
succeed4 ,masaniello and ,rienzi did not
 ride long in the best way2 but several 
patriots1 who have rapidly risen from   
obscurity to power1 have set noble      
examples4  ,throw him into a river1 and 
he will rise with a fish in his mouth4  
7,arabic47 ,some men are so fortunate   
that nothing can sink them4 ,where      
another man would drown they find fish  
or pearls4  ,the monkey feared          
transmigration1 lest he should become a 
gazelle4 7,arabic47 ,the matchless      
conceit of some people1 and utter       
ignorance of themselves1 either as to   
appearance or abilities1 are finely     
expressed in the above4  ,the baker's   
wife went to bed hungry4 7,arabic47 ,how
 often is it seen1 that those who follow
 a profession or trade1 are among the   
last to display a special benefit from  
their calling6 ,our proverb1 that       

,shoemakers' wives are the worst shod1  
seems to be derived from the same       
source4  ,chat echaude craint l'eau     
froide2 the scalded cat fears 7even7    
cold water4 ,this is a better version of
 the ,english proverb of ,a burnt child 
dreads the fire4 ,that the proverb is by
 no means of general application1 the   
experience of every one can avouch4 ,it 
would be the saving of many a child1 of 
whatever age1 who having been burnt     
should entertain a salutary dread of the
 fire ever after4 ,but it is not so2    
witness how many are burnt--i4e41       
ruined1 wounded1 shot1 drowned1 made    
ridiculous1 who had all been previously 
well warned by burning their fingers    
with losses1 injuries by land and sea1  
and failures in attempts involving      
dangerous chances4  ,crom a boo2 ,i will
 burn4 ,this ,irish proverb1 or saying1 
may serve in many respects as an adverse
 commentary on the preceding4 ,there are
 people who are never at rest when they 
are out of hot water--nor contented when

 they are in4 ,i will burn is the motto 
of the ,duke of ,leinster4 ,it would do 
capitally for ,mr4 ,smith ,o',brien4    
,perhaps1 however1 it should not be read
 as a resolution to suffer1 but as a    
threat to inflict a burning4 ,still1 the
 vagueness of this threat--a dreadful   
announcement with no definite           
object--would render it equally         
applicable4  ,bis dat qui cito dat2 he  
gives double who gives promptly4 ,the   
truth of this is well illustrated by the
 converse it suggests2 that he who long 
delays and tantalizes before giving1    
earns less gratitude than scorn4 ,it    
requires more generosity and a finer    
mind to confer a favor in the best way1 
than to confer double the amount of the 
favor in itself4  ,what ,i gain afore ,i
 lose ahint4 7,scotch47 ,to be engrossed
 with a fixed object1 is to forget what 
is going on all around us4 ,i am closely
 engaged with what is passing before my 
eyes1 while ,i am deceived and injured  
behind my back4 ,this quaint old proverb

 has been ludicrously illustrated by a  
characteristic story4 ,a ,highlander1 in
 a somewhat scanty kilt1 was crossing a 
desolate moor one winter's night1 and   
being very cold1 he hastened to a light 
he saw at no great distance4 ,it turned 
out to be a decomposed cod's head1 which
 sent forth phosphoric gleams4 ,he      
stooped down to try and warm his hands  
at it2 but finding the bleak winds      
whistling all round his legs1 he made   
the sage observation above1 which has   
passed into a proverb4  ,entfloh'nes    
,wort1 geworf'ner ,stein1 die kommen    
nimmermehr herein2 the hasty word1 and  
hasty stone1 can never be recalled4 ,how
 truthful1 how home to the mark1 does   
this proverb fly2 how excellent is the  
warning and the self-command it         
inculcates6  ,to-day a fire1 to-morrow  
ashes4 7,arabic47 ,violent passions are 
the soonest exhausted2 to-day           
all-powerful1 to-morrow nothing1 or the 
consequences4  ,reading the psalms to   
the dead4 7,arabic47 ,this is the       

original of our ,preaching to the dead1 
to express the fruitlessness of         
exhortations1 applications1 or          
petitions1 to certain insensible people4
  ,follow the owl1 she will lead thee to
 ruin4 7,arabic47 ,a most picturesque   
proverb1 giving its own scenery with it4
 ,but it strikes one as curious that    
this should come from the ,east which   
seems so familiar to our apprehensions4 
,not only are the habits of the owl the 
same1 but the owl is equally regarded as
 the symbol of a purblind fool4 ,yet1 on
 the other hand1 the owl of classic     
times was a type of wisdom4  ,two of a  
trade can never agree4 ,it is curious1  
and1 in most instances1 highly          
gratifying1 to see how many of these    
sayings of our ancestors are becoming   
falsified by the great advances made1 of
 late years1 in social feelings and     
arrangements4 ,trades' unions1          
co-operative societies--in fact1 all our
 great companies prove how well two of a
 trade can agree2 and so do all         

combinations of masters or of workmen4  
,yes1 it will be said1 but they agree1  
and co-operate for their mutual         
interests1 and they do not agree with   
those opposed to them4 ,of course not2  
the sensible thing1 therefore1 is       
obvious1 to enlarge the sphere of good  
understanding and reciprocal fair       
dealing in matters of business1 and thus
 to supersede the bad feeling and injury
 of greedy rivalries and selfish        
antagonisms4  ,there was a wife who     
always took what she had1 and never     
wanted4 7,scotch47 ,a good practical    
advice1 showing the importance of using 
what you possess1 instead of hoarding   
it1 or reserving it1 even when most     
needed1 for some possible contingency1  
which may never occur4 ,it seems to     
refer chiefly to articles of dress1     
clothing1 domestic utensils1 or other   
household matters4  ,dat ,deus immiti   
cornua curta bovi2 ,god curtails the    
power to do evil in those who desire to 
do it4  ,there is honor among thieves4  

,this is1 no doubt1 quite true1 though  
you must be a thief yourself to derive  
much benefit from it4 ,they stand by    
their order4 ,the suggestion is--since  
there is honor towards each other among 
the most unprincipled classes1 surely   
,mr4 ,sweepstakes1 and ,mr4 ,moses      
,battledore1 who are both respectable   
members of society1 and belong to clubs1
 would not cheat me4 ,but this does not 
logically follow2 for we by no means    
know how far the respectable individual 
makes his view of his own interest an   
excuse to himself for an occasional     
exception to the code of morality he    
professes4 ,there's honor among thieves2
 and there are thieves 7here and there7 
among honorably-connected men1 all      
honorable men4 ,life is a mingled yarn  
of good and evil2 and society is a      
motley aggregate of all sorts of yarns4 
,a rose-bud fell to the lot of a monkey4
 7,arabic47 ,the monkey appreciated the 
rose-bud quite as much as swine         
appreciate the pearls which are said to 

be cast before them4  ,of what use to a 
fool is all the trouble he gives        
himself8 7,chinese47 ,none whatever2 but
 his folly may cause a vast deal of     
trouble to people of sense4 ,one false  
move of an utterly incompetent man in   
office1 and the force of the saying     
becomes very expansive4  ,there are no  
lies so wicked as those which have some 
foundation4 7,chinese47 ,a saying which 
is but too true1 and which ought to be  
universally understood in society1 as   
some protection against slander4  ,many 
preparations before the sour plum       
sweetens4 7,chinese47 ,great results do 
not hastily ripen2 great and important  
changes must undergo a gradual process4 
,spare the rod and spoil the child4     
,this seems to be derived from the old  
,spanish proverb1 which we find in ,don 
,quixote1 ,he loves thee well who makes 
thee weep4 ,they are unkindly and       
dangerous maxims1 which tend to         
inculcate severity1 and to justify harsh
 treatment upon the plea of future      

advantage4 ,we readily admit that       
nothing can well be worse than a spoilt 
child1 nor can a more injurious system  
exist than that of pampering or         
spoiling--except the direct opposite1   
that of frequently causing tears4  ,a   
tea-spoonful of honey is worth a pound  
of gall4 ,an indiscriminate use of the  
sweets of life is a stupidity and an    
injury2 but the judicious use of them is
 of far more service in the production  
of good results1 than the bitter lessons
 which are often considered to be of    
most advantage4 ,it is better to soften 
the heart than to harden it4 ,a soft    
word turneth away wrath4  ,what the ant 
collects in a year1 the priest eats up  
in a night4 7,arabic47 ,the tithe-taxes1
 and other revenues of the state-clergy1
 derived from the industry of the       
working classes1 are not very tenderly  
dealt with in this proverb4  ,the walls 
have ears4 7,arabic47 ,this is one of   
the many instances of our homeliest     
proverbs in every-day use1 being derived

 from the ,east4 ,no doubt the saying1  
that ,little pitchers have great ears   
7in allusion to the sharpness of hearing
 in children71 is also derived from the 
domestic utensils of foreign countries  
in ancient times4 ,the ,british ,museum 
contains many such little pitchers1 as  
well as the ,foundling ,hospital4  ,the 
ox that ploughs must not be muzzled4    
7,arabic47 ,the laborer ought to be     
allowed freedom of speech1 or at least  
free breathing4 ,we have a nautical     
saying akin to this--,a sailor never    
works well if he does not grumble4      
,three united men will ruin a town4     
7,arabic47 ,the power of combination was
 never more excellently expressed4  ,he 
begins the quarrel who gives the second 
blow4 7,spanish47 ,there are but few who
 possess the requisite degree of wise   
and kindly forbearance and magnanimous  
self-command implied in this saying4 ,to
 strike again1 or rather 7as the blow is
 figurative7 to retort an angry word1 is
 natural to most men2 to preserve a     

reproving silence1 or administer a      
dignified rebuke1 is in the power only  
of great characters1 and not with them  
at all times4 ,but it is quite possible1
 as we live in a very pugnacious world1 
that such forbearance should not be     
thrown away upon every one1 or the small
 majority of the magnanimous would soon 
be beaten out of existence4 ,the above  
proverb1 we believe1 is originally      
,spanish1 and1 coming from a people so  
proverbially revengeful1 seems very     
extraordinary1 and only to be accounted 
for as the result of an abstract thought
 of some lofty-minded hidalgo1          
speculating on friendship4 ,don ,quixote
 might have said it4  ,a stitch in time 
saves nine4 ,one of the most sensible   
and practical of all proverbs1 as every 
body's experience can avouch4 ,yet1 in  
defiance of all their own experience1   
how many people we often see who        
constantly neglect the stitch in time6  
,they do not forget it1 or overlook it2 
and when they do1 if you point it out to

 them1 they still neglect it4  ,chi non 
sa niente1 non dubita di niente2 he who 
knows nothing1 doubts of nothing4 ,the  
converse is equally true4 ,he who knows 
much1 is careful how he doubts of any   
thing4 ,this is peculiarly inculcated1  
at the present time1 by the             
extraordinary discoveries and success of
 science4     ,from the ,ladies'        
,companion4  ,a ,,chapter ,,on          
,,watches4   ,we have no means of       
telling how long a period elapsed from  
that primal time when the evening and   
the morning made the first day1 ere     
man's ingenuity devised a means of      
calculating the passing by of those     
precious moments of which his duration  
is composed1 in order to economize them 
to the purposes of life4 ,shadows by day
 and stars at night appear to have      
indexed the flight of time for the      
ancient ,hebrews2 though it is very     
evident that long before the sun-dial of
 ,ahaz was made memorable by the        
,prophet ,isaiah1 the ,chaldeans1       

accustomed to calculate eclipses1 and   
other astronomical phenomena1 must have 
been in possession of some much more    
accurate instrument for its computation4
  ,days1 months1 and years1 are         
constantly referred to in the books of  
the ,old ,testament1 but nothing is said
 of more minute divisions of time1 save 
that of the day into the natural ones of
 morning1 noon1 eventide1 and night1    
until ,judea became tributary to ,rome1 
when three of the ,evangelists1 in      
describing the crucifixion1 and the     
supernatural darkness subsequent to that
 event1 remark that it lasted from the  
sixth hour to the ninth2 and it is on   
record1 that the ,clepsydra1 or         
water-clock1 7said by ,vitrivius to have
 been invented by one ,ctesibius of     
,alexandria1 in the reign of ,ptolemy   
,evergetes71 was introduced at ,rome by 
,p4 ,cornelius ,scipio ,nasica1 in the  
#eieth year of the city1 and            
consequently many years before the birth
 of ,christ4 ,this simple time-keeper   

was so constructed1 that the water      
issued1 drop by drop1 through a hole in 
the vessel1 and fell into another1 in   
which a light floating body marked the  
height of the water as it rose1 and by  
this means the time that had elapsed4   
,these instruments1 we are told1 were   
set full of water in the courts of      
judicature1 and by them the lawyers     
pleaded2 in order1 as ,phavorinus tells 
us1 to prevent babbling1 and cause those
 who spoke to be brief in their         
speeches4 ,hour1 or sand-glasses1 are   
also said to have originated at         
,alexandria1 and to have been introduced
 into domestic use amongst the ,romans  
eight years afterwards1 or #aeh years   
before the ,christian era4  ,the        
earliest attempt at measuring time in   
this country appears to have been on the
 part of ,alfred the ,great1 by means of
 waxen tapers4 ,the exact period when   
those direct ancestors of our subject1  
clocks1 or1 as they were primitively    
called1 horologes1 came into use1 is one

 of those things over which time has    
cast so thick a veil1 that not even the 
researches of the encyclopaedists can   
penetrate it4 ,by some1 the invention of
 clocks with wheels is ascribed to      
,pacificus1 archdeacon of ,verona1 as   
early as the ninth century4 ,and though 
we read that clocks 7without water7 were
 set up in churches toward the end of   
the twelfth1 the author of the ,divina  
,commedia is the first writer on record1
 who distinctly applies the term        
horologium to a clock that struck the   
hours2 and he was born #abfe1 and died  
#acba4  ,in #abhh1 during the reign of  
the #ast ,edward1 the ,english          
,justinian1 as he has been called1 it is
 said that a fine levied on a lord chief
 justice was applied to the purpose of  
furnishing the famous clock-house near  
,westminster ,hall with an horologe1    
which it is farther stated was the work 
of an ,english artist4  ,mention is also
 made of the setting up of a clock in   
,canterbury ,cathedral about the same   

period1 and in that of ,wells in #acbe4 
,so that those three ,dutch horologiers1
 from ,delft1 who came over 7as ,rymer  
tells us7 at the invitation of ,edward  
,,iii4 in #acfh1 were not1 as some      
imagined1 the introducers of the art1   
though they very possibly helped us to  
improve it4 ,up to the time when ,henry 
de ,wic astonished the ,emperor ,charles
 ,v4 with those seemingly living toys   
with which he was wont to surround      
himself after dinner1 and watch the     
beating and revolving of their curious  
machinery1 those rude prototypes of our 
subject1 which are said to have         
resembled small table clocks rather than
 watches1 and yet were true specimens1  
we imagine1 since they continued going  
in a horizontal position1 which is the  
only mechanical distinction between a   
watch and clock--up to this period1 we  
were about to say1 clocks appear to have
 endured a very ascetic existence1      
living in tall houses1 built on purpose 
for them1 or shut up in church towers   

and monastic buildings--      ,fell     
sickerer#ai was his crowning in his     
loge1     ,as is a clock1 or any abbey  
orloge1  wrote ,chaucer in the          
fourteenth century4 ,and it is not until
 nearly the end of the fifteenth that we
 find them domesticated in houses4      
,from a description of some1 which      
appear in an inventory of articles in   
the king's palaces of ,westminster and  
,hampton ,court1 copied by ,strutt1 the 
pendules of the period must have been   
equally ornate with those in modern     
drawing-rooms1 and much more curious4   
,thus one1 we are told1 not only showed 
the course of the planets1 and the days 
of the year1 but was richly gilt1 and   
enamelled1 and ornamented with the      
king's 7,henry the ,eighth's7 coat of   
arms2 it also possessed a chime4        
,speaking of this monarch reminds us1   
that previous to the scattering of the  
treasures of ,strawberry ,hill1 there   
was preserved in the library there a    
little clock1 of silver gilt1 the gift  

of ,henry1 on the morning of his        
marriage1 to the ill-fated ,anne        
,boleyn4 ,it was elaborately chased and 
engraved1 and adorned with              
fleurs-de-lys1 and other heraldic       
devices1 and had on the top a lion      
supporting the arms of ,england4 ,the   
gilded weights represented              
true-lovers-knots1 inclosing the        
initials of ,henry and ,anne2 and one   
bore the inscription1 ,the most happye1 
the other the royal motto4 ,though more 
than three hundred years had passed     
since the tragic ending of time with its
 original possessor1 it was still going 
when the ivory hammer of the famous     
,robins struck it down to another new   
and more fortunate owner1 ,about this   
period watches are said to have been in 
use2 and in the ,holbein chamber of the 
collection just mentioned1 a bust of the
 royal wife-slayer1 carved in box-wood1 
represented him with a dial suspended on
 his breast4 ,the earliest watch known  
was one in ,sir ,ashton ,lever's        

,museum1 which bore date #aeda2 but from
 various imperfections in the           
workmanship1 they were not very         
generally used till towards the end of  
,elizabeth's reign4  ,shakspeare        
frequently mentions the clock1 and in   
,twelfth ,night he makes                
,malvolio--,while exclaim1 in his       
babblings of fancied greatness ,i1      
perchance1 wind up my watch1 or play    
with some rich jewel1 an expression that
 would lead us to suppose that they were
 even then regarded rather as toys or   
ornaments than things of necessary use4 
,archbishop ,parker1 in #aege1 left by  
will to the ,bishop of ,ely his staff of
 ,indian cane1 with a watch in the top  
of it2 a position that savors more of   
whim than utility4 ,yet the excellence  
of some of these ancient timekeepers is 
remarkable2 for ,derham1 in his         
,artificial ,clockmaker1 mentions a     
watch of ,henry ,,viii41 which was in   
order in #agad1 and of which ,dr4       
,demanbray had often heard ,sir ,isaac  

,newton and ,demoivre speak2 and the old
 wooden-framed clock of ,peterborough   
,cathedral1 which1 instead of the usual 
key or winch1 is wound up by long       
handles or spikes--a sufficient proof of
 its antiquity--still strikes1 says     
,denison1 upon a bell of considerable   
size4  ,guy ,fawkes carried a watch in a
 more practical spirit than ,malvolio or
 ,archbishop ,parker2 ,stowe tells us1  
one was found upon him which he and     
,percy had bought the day before1 to try
 conclusions for the long and short     
burning of the touch-wood with which he 
had prepared to give fire to the train  
of powder2 a proof that even in the     
third year of the reign of ,james ,i4   
watches were not commonly worn1 or the  
circumstance would not have been        
mentioned4  ,in the next reign1 however1
 we find the ,london ,clock-,makers'    
,company1 incorporated #afca--;a sign of
 the increased use of these instruments1
 and the growing importance of their    
manufacture2 and as this charter        

prohibits the importation of clocks1    
watches1 and alarms1 it proves that we  
had even then artists sufficiently      
skilful in the various manipulations    
requisite in the construction of these  
articles1 to render us independent of   
foreign workmanship4  ,it is a singular 
feature in the history of this branch of
 art1 that it has remained until very   
lately concentrated in the metropolis2  
besides which1 ,liverpool and ,coventry 
are said to be the only places in       
,england where a complete watch can be  
manufactured4 ,at the latter place the  
business has only been introduced since 
the commencement of the present century1
 but the number of persons employed are 
said to equal the number in ,london4    
,but before passing from this event in  
the history of our subject 7the         
incorporation of a company for the      
protection of their manufacture in the  
reign of ,charles ,i471 we may as well  
describe a watch of the period1 which a 
few years before the publication of the 

,encyclopaedia ,londinensis 7in #ahaa7  
had been in the possession of the       
proprietor4 ,it was dug up but a few    
years previously1 near the site of the  
ancient castle of ,winchester1 where it 
had probably lain from the time of      
,cromwell1 who1 it is well known1       
destroyed that edifice4 ,it was of an   
octagon form1 and had no minute hand2 a 
piece of catgut supplied the place of a 
chain2 it required winding up every     
twelve hours1 had no balance spring1 and
 appeared never to have had one2 and it 
shut like a hunting-watch without any   
glass4  ,but to compensate for this     
interior rudeness in its construction1  
the lid and bottom of the case1 as well 
as the dial-plate1 were of silver1 very 
neatly engraved1 with pieces of         
,scripture history in the centre1 and in
 the compartments the four ,evangelists1
 and ,st4 ,peter1 ,st4 ,paul1 ,st4      
,james1 and ,st4 ,jude3 it had no date4 
,the reign of ,charles ,,ii41 who 7like 
his namesake the emperor1 in whose time 

they first appeared7 is said to have    
been very partial to these instruments1 
was remarkable for the improvements made
 in them4 ,spring pocket-watches were   
invented by ,hooke1 #afeh2 and repeaters
 were introduced1 one of the first of   
which ,charles sent as a present to     
,louis ,,xiv4 of ,france4 ,according to 
some authorities1 reproduced would be   
the juster phrase here1 for it is stated
 in ,memoirs of ,literature1 that some  
of the most ancient watches were        
strikers1 and that such having been     
stolen both from ,charles ,v4 and ,louis
 ,,xi4 whilst they were in a crowd1 the 
thief was detected by their striking the
 hour6  ,perhaps the most remarkable    
repeating watch extant1 is that in the  
,academy of ,sciences at ,st4           
,petersburg1 and which1 like the old    
,nuremberg watches1 is about the size of
 an egg3 within is represented the holy 
sepulchre1 with the sentinels1 and the  
stone at the mouth2 and while the       
spectator is admiring this curious piece

 of mechanism1 the stone is suddenly    
removed1 the sentinels drop down1 the   
angels appear1 the women enter the tomb1
 and the same chant is heard which is   
performed in the ,greek ,church on      
,easter ,eve4  ,germany1 by the way1 has
 always been famous for the manufacture 
of clocks and watches1 these latter     
claiming ,nuremberg for their           
birthplace2 and from this circumstance1 
and their oval shape1 ,dopplemayer tells
 us they were originally known as       
,nuremberg animated eggs4  ,at present  
this branch of horometry is chiefly to  
be found on the other side of the ,alps1
 at or near ,geneva1 and at ,chaux de   
,fond1 in the principality of           
,neufchatel1 where vast numbers of      
watches are manufactured4 ,but the      
wooden clocks1 which tick on every      
cottage wall1 and which are erroneously 
called ,dutch1 are in fact ,german1 and 
are nearly all made in the ,black       
,forest1 the village of ,freyburg being 
the centre of the manufacture1 whence it

 is said #ahj1jjj wooden clocks on an   
average are yearly exported4  ,the      
,swiss1 or ,geneva watches1 as they are 
commonly called1 owing to the poverty of
 the workmen1 the employment of women1  
and the subdivision of labor1 which is  
carried to even a greater extent than   
with us1 sell at a much lower price than
 those made in ,england2 but an ,english
 watch has hitherto been a desideratum  
in every part of the world4 ,here1 at   
present1 the term watch-maker is no     
longer applicable1 every portion of the 
instrument being the work of a different
 artisan1 and the separate parts are    
often sent hundreds of miles1 to meet in
 the metropolis1 and make a whole of    
excellent workmanship4 ,there are       
innumerable places in which some branch 
or other of the manufacture is carried  
on2 but the best movements are made at  
,prescot1 in ,lancashire1 while the town
 of ,whitchurch1 in ,hampshire1 is      
employed wholly in making hands4 ,in    
,london1 ,clerkenwall ,green has long   

been the resort of artificers employed  
in the various nice and delicate        
manipulations requisite in the          
construction of our subject3 here1      
slide-makers1 jewellers1 motion-makers1 
wheel-cutters1 cap-makers1              
dial-plate-makers1 the painter1 the     
case-maker1 the joint-finisher1 the     
pendent-maker1 the engraver1 the        
piercer1 the escapement-maker1 the      
spring-maker1 the chain-maker1 the      
finisher1 the gilder1 the fusee-cutter1 
the hand-maker1 the glass-maker1 and    
pendulum spring wire-drawer1 are all    
located2 for1 owing to the minute       
division of labor1 which tends greatly  
to facilitate its execution after the   
movements 7which have previously passed 
through thirteen workmen's hands in the 
provinces7 are received in town1 the    
watch progresses through those of these 
other twenty-one artificers before it   
comes forth complete4  ,owing to this   
delicate and varied workmanship1        
materials originally not worth sixpence 

are frequently converted into watches   
worth a hundred pounds and more1 so     
costly may their appendages be made4    
,but in all these different branches of 
a business which maintains thousands of 
families1 the only part of it which     
falls to women in this country is the   
polishing of the cases1 which the       
casemakers' wives are sometimes employed
 to do4  ,perhaps no object of man's    
ingenuity has been made the exponent of 
so many grave morals as the watch4      
,poets and philosophers have managed    
that its beatings should be only a      
little less gloomy to the imagination   
than the associations of a passing bell2
 but ,paley has thrown a glory round    
this gloom1 and aggrandized it from a   
peevish reminder of passing time into a 
fair argument of a ,creator's presence1 
in the delicate and wonderful machinery 
of nature1 which could no more come by  
chance than could this little instrument
 have been formed without a contriver4  
,what the author of the ,old ,church    

,clock has said of that branch of our   
subject1 may be equally applied to      
this--there is no dead thing so like a  
living one4 ,day by day1 year by year1  
its iron heart throbs on1 some of them  
surviving1 as we have seen1 for         
centuries1 though they are said to beat 
#ag1afj times in an hour4 ,well would it
 be for us if the time-keeper in our    
bosoms1 beating momently the escape of  
our allotted term1 acted as lightly on  
the frame2 but all its emotions help to 
wear this out4  ,in the dawn of its     
appearance1 in an age when every science
 that set men wondering was in some     
degree regarded as the work of magic1   
what a sensation must these animated    
eggs have occasioned1 and how           
suggestive6 unless the fanciful belief  
of some of the early fathers of the     
church1 who averred that gems and       
precious metals were first made known to
 mortals by fallen angels1 who also     
inspired the desire to profit by1 and be
 adorned with them1 had any thing to do 

with the tabooing of evil by holy       
signatures--how suggestive are the      
quaint gravings of saints and scriptural
 subjects on the cover of the watch dug 
up at ,winchester1 of the antique custom
 of inscribing trinkets with sacred     
symbols1 and so converting them into    
amulets2 a custom which the ,greeks and 
,romans borrowed from the ,egyptians1   
and which the early ,christians         
perpetuated after them4  ,we have seen  
the watch1 originally oval1 take an     
octagon form2 after which it subsided   
into its present shape1 the only        
variation being in size1 and degrees of 
roundness4  ,at present watches are     
frequently made not thicker than a crown
 piece1 and yet perform their functions 
with exactness2 nay1 there are some with
 perfect works1 compressed into a       
smaller compass than a shilling6 ,a     
friend of the writer's saw one1 not long
 since1 set in a ring1 the hands and    
figures being composed of brilliants1   
upon a dial of blue enamel2 and at the  

recent exhibition one filled the place  
usually occupied by a seal at the end of
 a pencil-case1 and another appeared as 
an appendage to a lady's bracelet4      
,there was also a large silver watch1   
such as mariners are fond of wearing1   
immersed in a vase of water1 and yet    
impervious to any ill effects4  ,our    
subject is one which grows under our    
hands1 and we might go on ad libitum    
describing their different              
idiosyncracies2 for watches1 like       
individuals1 have their several         
temperaments and ways of going4 ,we have
 all met with fast watches and slow     
ones1 and some 7a disposition they are  
apt to contract from their wearers7 are 
very irregular--varieties of character1 
which so puzzled their first owner1 the 
,emperor ,charles ,v41 who amused       
himself on his retirement to the        
monastery of ,st4 ,john1 by endeavoring 
to keep in order these by-gone          
companions of his dinner-table1 that    
they produced a reflection on the       

absurdity of his attempts to keep       
together the powers of ,europe1 when    
even these little pieces of mechanism   
baffled him4         99       99        
99       99       99  ,american women   
have less courtesy than any others in   
the world4 ,a thousand rules of         
deference are established by concessions
 of the other sex1 which they enforce   
with ungracious arrogance1 as if they   
were but recognitions of inalienable    
rights4 ,this is their offence to all   
well-bred ,europeans4--,correspondent   
,london ,morning ,post4  ,,footnotes3   
#ai ,sickerness--steady1 secure4        
,from ,sharpe's ,magazine4  ,,fete      
,,days ,,at ,,st4 ,,petersburg4         
,,translated ,,from ,,the ,,french ,,of 
,,alexander ,,dumas  ,,by ,,jane        
,,strickland4   ,new-,year's day and the
 ,benediction of the ,waters provide the
 inhabitants of ,st4 ,petersburg with   
two great national festivals1 in which  
all classes share in the pleasures and  
devotion of the sovereign4 ,the first is

 an imperial fete1 the second an        
imposing religious ceremony4  ,on       
,new-,year's day1 in virtue of an old   
and touching custom by which the        
,emperor and ,empress of ,russia are    
designated by their poorest subjects    
,father and ,mother1 these potentates at
 the commencement of the year receive   
their children as their own invited     
guests4 ,their family being too vast to 
invite by name1 they adopt the simple   
but efficacious plan of scattering about
 the streets of their capital           
twenty-five thousand cards of           
invitation1 indicative that they will be
 at home to such a number of their      
children4 ,these cards bear no address1 
but they give admission to the bearers  
to the splendid saloons of the ,winter  
,palace without the slightest           
distinction of rank or wealth4  ,it was 
thus that the ,emperor ,alexander1      
according to custom1 kept the first day 
of the year #ahbe1 the last he was ever 
destined to see4 ,the rumor of the      

conspiracy that embittered the closing  
months of his life and reign1 though it 
had reached his ears and troubled his   
repose1 did not appear to him any reason
 for depriving his subjects of their    
annual visit to their sovereign4 ,from  
these unknown guests the ,russian       
,autocrat felt assured he had nothing to
 fear4 ,with them he was not only       
popular but adored4 ,he therefore       
directed the ,master of the ,police to  
order no alteration in the usual costume
 of the male part of the company1 whom  
he was to admit in masks according to   
custom on these occasions4 ,in the      
darkest annals of barbarism1 despotic   
sovereigns dreaded and often found the  
dagger of the assassin in the hands of  
some member of their own family4        
,civilization1 however limited1 changes 
the objects of suspicion to the         
aristocracy1 who are always1 under these
 unfortunate constitutions1 of the      
military profession4 ,now the want of   
the counterpoise of the middle classes  

creates this secret but perpetual       
warfare between the absolute monarch and
 the nobility--the nobility who in free 
countries are the natural bulwark of the
 throne4 ,in ,russia the ,autocrat is   
never afraid of the multitude1 with whom
 he holds a twofold claim to their      
veneration1 as supreme pontiff1 or head 
of the ,church1 and ,czar4  ,the cards  
of invitation1 being transferable1 are1 
as a matter of course1 purchaseable2 and
 among his masked guests who were       
privileged to shake hands with          
,alexander1 some cowardly assassin might
 take that opportunity to murder the    
sovereign2 yet he1 with a firm but      
touching reliance on ,god1 ordered at   
seven o'clock on the ,new-,year's       
evening1 the gates of the ,winter       
,palace to be thrown open as usual1 to  
his motley company4  ,no extra          
precautions were taken by the police2   
the sentinels were on duty1 according to
 custom1 at the palace gates1 but the   
,emperor was without any guards in the  

interior of the imperial residence1 vast
 as the ,tuileries4 ,in the absence of  
all precaution or even regulations for  
the behavior of an undisciplined crowd1 
it was surprising what natural          
politeness effected4 ,veneration for the
 presence of the sovereign was alone    
sufficient to produce good breeding2    
there was no pushing nor striving1 nor  
clamor1 and the entrance was made with  
as little noise as if gratitude for the 
favor accorded to the guests had induced
 each to give a precautionary admonition
 to his neighbor4  ,while the thronging 
thousands were gaining admission to his 
palace1 the ,emperor ,alexander was     
seated by the ,empress in the ,hall of  
,st4 ,george in the midst of the        
imperial family1 when the door was      
opened to the sound of music1 for the   
saloons were filled with his visitors1  
and a grand coup d'oeil of grandees1    
peasants1 princesses1 and grisettes was 
discerned4 ,at this moment the ,emperor 
advanced and gave his hand to the       

,english1 ,french1 ,spanish1 and        
,austrian ambassadors1 the              
representatives of their several        
sovereigns4 ,he then moved alone to the 
door1 that his guests might behold in   
their sovereign and host the father of  
his people4 ,it was a moment anarchy was
 said to have dedicated to his          
assassination1 and that parricidal and  
regicidal act could have been easily    
effected at such a juncture had it      
really been in contemplation4 ,alexander
 was no longer in appearance a          
melancholy and suffering invalid1 he    
looked happy and smiling2 and if his    
smile was counterfeited1 he wore the    
mask ably and well4 ,the instant the    
,autocrat appeared1 the motley group    
made a forward movement1 and then a     
precipitate retreat4 ,the danger        
vanished with them4 ,the ,emperor       
regarded the retiring waves of this     
human sea with imperturbable serenity1 a
 remarkable feature in his character1 a 
moral re-action1 which a courageous mind

 can alone bestow1 and which he had     
shown on several trying occasions4 ,one 
of these was at a ball given by ,m4     
,caulincourt1 ,duke of ,vicenza1 the    
,french ,ambassador2 the other was at a 
fete at ,zakret1 near ,wilna4  ,the ball
 was at its height1 when the ambassador 
was informed that the house was on fire2
 fearful that the news of the           
conflagration might occasion more ill   
consequences than the fire itself1 he   
posted an aide-de-camp at every door1   
and ordered his people to keep the      
misfortune a profound secret1 after     
which he communicated the accident in a 
low voice to the ,emperor1 and assured  
him that no one should be permitted to  
withdraw till he and the imperial family
 were in perfect safety2 he was going to
 see the fire extinguished1 and he hoped
 the efforts made to get it under would 
be successful2 adding1 that even if a   
report should circulate in the saloons  
as to this startling fact1 no one would 
credit it while they saw the ,emperor   

and his family still there4  ,very well1
 then1 ,i will remain1 coolly remarked  
the ,emperor2 and when ,caulincourt     
returned some time after to announce the
 extinction of the fire1 he found the   
,russian ,autocrat dancing a polonaise4 
,the guests of the ambassador heard on  
the morrow that their festivities had   
been kept over the mouth of a volcano4  
,at the fete held at ,zakret not only   
the life but the empire of ,alexander   
was at stake4 ,in the middle of the     
dance he was apprised that the advanced 
guard of a guest he had forgotten to    
invite had passed the ,niemen4 ,this was
 the ,emperor ,napoleon1 his old host at
 ,erfurth1 who might momentarily be     
expected to enter the hall1 followed by 
six hundred thousand dancers4 ,alexander
 gave his orders with great coolness1   
chatting while he issued them with his  
aide-de-camps4 ,he walked about1 praised
 the manner in which the saloons were   
lighted1 which he declared was only     
second to the beautiful moonlight1      

supped1 and remained till dawn4 ,his gay
 manner and the serenity of his         
countenance prevented the guests from   
even suspecting the nature of the       
communication he had received1 and the  
entrance of the ,french into the city   
was the first intimation the inhabitants
 had received of their approach4  ,he   
was in imminent peril in this ,polish   
city1 from which his great self-command 
delivered him4 ,his retreat at early    
morning was made before the approach of 
an enemy he had hitherto found          
invincible4 ,very different might have  
been the result of ,napoleon's campaign 
in ,russia1 if the inhabitants of ,wilna
 had known during the fete of ,zakret of
 his vicinity4  ,these incidents        
naturally occurred to the guests of the 
,emperor ,alexander1 during this        
,new-,year's day festival1 when they    
beheld him approach alone to show       
himself to the multitude1 amongst whom  
he had reason to believe many           
conspirators1 or even assassins lurked4 

,if such indeed were there1 the calm    
serenity of his countenance disarmed    
them1 and none dared raise an arm       
against the life he fearlessly trusted1 
if not to their loyalty at least to     
their honor4  ,indeed the suffering and 
melancholy ,emperor1 the last time he   
received his people1 seemed to have     
shaken off his lassitude and depression1
 and appeared full of life and energy1  
traversing with rapidity the immense    
saloons of the ,winter ,palace4 ,he led 
off the sort of galoppe peculiar to the 
,russian ,court1 which1 however1        
terminated about nine o'clock4  ,at ten1
 the illuminations of the ,hermitage    
being finished1 those persons who had   
cards for the spectacle went there4     
,twelve negroes1 superbly arrayed in    
rich oriental costumes1 kept the doors  
of the theatre1 to admit or restrain the
 crowd1 and examine the authenticity of 
the vouchers of the guests4 ,here the   
admission was not promiscuous1 a certain
 number alone being allowed to be       

present at the banquet4  ,upon entering 
the theatre1 the spectators found       
themselves in a land of enchantment--a  
vast hall encircled with tubes of       
crystal1 bent in every possible way1    
meeting at top in order to form the     
ceiling1 united by silver threads of    
imperceptible fineness1 behind which    
hung #aj1jjj colored lamps1 whose light1
 reflected and refracted by these       
transparent columns1 illuminated the    
gardens1 groves1 flowers1 cascades1 and 
fountains1 like an enchanted landscape1 
which seen across this veil of light    
resembled the poetical phantasm of a    
dream4 ,the splendid illuminations cost 
twelve thousand roubles1 and lasted two 
months4  ,at eleven a flourish of       
musical instruments announced the       
arrival of the ,emperor1 who entered    
with the ,empress and the imperial      
family1 the ambassadors1 the            
ambassadresses1 the officers of the     
household1 and the ladies in waiting1   
who all took their places at the middle 

supper-table2 two other tables were     
filled by six hundred guests1 mostly    
composed of the first-class nobility4   
,the ,emperor alone remained standing1  
moving about the tables1 conversing by  
turns with his numerous guests4         
,nothing could exceed the magnificent   
effect produced by the banquet1 and the 
appearance of the court2 the sovereign  
and his officers and nobility covered   
with gold and embroidery1 the ,empress  
and her ladies glittering with diamonds 
and splendid velvets1 tissues1 and      
satins4 ,no other fete in ,europe could 
produce such a grand coup d'oeil as the 
,new-,year's fete at the ,hermitage4 ,at
 the conclusion of the banquet the      
,court returned to the ,saloon of ,st4  
,george1 where the music struck up a    
polonaise1 which was led off by the     
,emperor4 ,this dance was his farewell  
to his guests1 for as soon as it was    
finished he withdrew4 ,the departure of 
their sovereign gave pleasure to those  
loyal subjects who trembled for his     

personal safety2 but the courageous and 
ever paternal confidence reposed in his 
subjects by ,alexander1 turned away from
 him every murderous weapon4 ,no one    
could resolve to assassinate a kind     
father in the midst of his children1 for
 as such the ,emperor had received his  
numerous guests4  ,the second annual    
fete was of a religious character1 ,the 
,benediction of the ,waters1 to which   
the recent disastrous calamity of the   
most terrible inundation on record in   
,russia1 the preceding year1 had given  
deeper solemnity4 ,the preparations were
 made with an activity tempered by care1
 which denoted the national character to
 be essentially religious4 ,upon the    
,neva a great pavilion was erected of a 
circular form1 pierced with eight       
openings1 decorated by four paintings1  
crowned with a cross2 to this pavilion  
access was given by a jetty forming the 
hermitage4 ,the temporary edifice1 on   
the morning of the ceremony1 was to have
 its pavement of ice cut through in     

order to permit the ,patriarch to reach 
the water4 ,the cold was already twenty 
degrees below zero1 when at nine o'clock
 in the morning the whole population of 
,st4 ,petersburg assembled themselves on
 the frozen waters of the ,neva1 then a 
solid mass of crystal4 ,at half-past    
eleven the ,empress and                 
,grand-,duchesses took their places in  
the glass balcony of the ,hermitage1 and
 their appearance announced to the crowd
 that the ,te ,deum was concluded4 ,the 
whole corps of the ,imperial ,guards1   
amounting to forty thousand men1 marched
 to the sound of martial music and      
formed in line of battle on the river1  
from the hotel of the ,french embassy to
 the fortress4 ,the palace gates opened 
as soon as this military evolution was  
effected1 and the banners1 sacred       
pictures1 and the choristers of the     
chapel1 appeared preceding the          
,patriarch and his clergy2 then came the
 pages and the colors of the different  
regiments of guards1 borne by their     

proper officers2 then the ,emperor1     
supported by the ,grand-,dukes ,nicholas
 and ,michael1 followed by the officers 
of his household1 his aide-de-camps and 
generals4 ,as soon as the ,emperor      
reached the door of the pavilion1 which 
was nearly filled with priests and      
banners1 the ,patriarchs gave the       
signal1 and the sweet solemn chant of   
more than a hundred voices rose to      
heaven1 unaccompanied by music indeed1  
yet forming a divine harmony hardly to  
be surpassed on earth4 ,during the      
prayer1 which lasted twenty minutes1 the
 ,emperor stood bareheaded1 dressed in  
his uniform1 without fur or any defence 
from the piercing cold1 running more    
risk by this disregard to climate1 than 
if he had faced the fire of a hundred   
pieces of artillery in the front of     
battle4 ,the spectators1 enveloped in   
fur mantles and caps1 presented a       
complete contrast to the religious      
imprudence of their rash sovereign1 who 
had been bald from his early youth4  ,as

 soon as the second ,te ,deum was       
concluded1 the ,patriarch took a silver 
cross from the hand of the young        
chorister1 and encircled by the kneeling
 crowd1 plunged it through the opening  
made in the ice into the waters below4  
,he then filled a vase up with the      
consecrated element1 which he presented 
to the ,emperor4 ,after this ceremonial 
of blessing the waters1 came the        
benediction of the standards1 which were
 reverently inclined towards the        
,patriarch for that purpose4 ,a         
sky-rocket was immediately let off from 
the pavilion1 and its silvery smoke was 
answered by a terrible explosion1 for   
the whole artillery of the fortress gave
 from their metallic throats a loud ,te 
,deum1 and these salvos were heard three
 times during the benediction of the    
standards2 at the third1 the ,emperor   
commenced his return to the palace4  ,he
 was more melancholy than usual1 for    
during this religious ceremony he felt  
no need of courage or presence of mind2 

he was secured by the natural veneration
 of a superstitious people4 ,he knew it1
 and1 therefore1 wore no mask in the    
semblance of a joyless smile4  ,on the  
same day1 this imposing ceremonial is   
used at ,constantinople1 only the winter
 is a mere name and the water has no    
ice4 ,the ,patriarch stands on the deck 
of a vessel1 and drops his silver cross 
into the calm blue waves of the         
,bosphorus1 which a skilful diver       
restores to him before it reaches the   
bottom4 ,to these religious ceremonies  
succeed sports and pastimes of all      
kinds4 ,booths and barracks are erected 
on the frozen ,neva from quay to quay1  
,russian mountains1 down which sledges  
slide with inconceivable velocity1 and  
the ,carnival commences with as much    
zest as in cities enjoying a southern   
temperature4 ,plays are performed on the
 ice1 and curious pantomimes1 in which a
 marmot performs the part of a baby very
 cleverly1 while the man who shows him  
off under the character of the good     

father of the family1 finds resemblances
 in this black-nosed imp to all his     
supposed human relatives1 to the        
infinite delight of the spectators4     
,sleighing on the ice is1 as in ,canada1
 a favorite diversion with the          
,russians1 whose sledges are lined with 
fur and ornamented with silver bells and
 ribbons of every color4 ,sometimes a   
wind loaded with vapor puts an end to   
these diversions by rendering the ice   
unsafe1 in which case they are          
interdicted by the police1 and the      
sports and pastimes of the people are   
transferred to terra firma2 but the     
,carnival is considered to come to an   
abrupt conclusion if this misfortune    
occurs at its commencement1 for the     
,neva is to the inhabitants of ,st4     
,petersburg what ,vesuvius is to the    
,neapolitans1 and the absence of the ice
 robs their ,saturnalia of its greatest 
attraction4 ,in countries where the     
,greek religion is the national standard
 of faith1 ,lent is preceded by the same

 unbounded festivity as in those which  
are ,roman ,catholic2 but the ,court    
does not display in these days so much  
barbarous magnificence as in those      
earlier times when civilization was     
unknown4 ,the ,carnival was1 however1   
held during the last century by ,anna   
,ivanovna1 in a style surpassing that of
 her ancestors4 ,this pleasure-loving   
princess1 the daughter of the elder     
brother of ,peter the ,great1 covered   
her usurpation of a throne she had      
snatched not only from the decendants of
 her mighty uncle1 but also from her own
 elder sister and niece1 by conducing to
 the popular amusements of her people1  
who in their turn forgot her defective  
title to the throne4 ,this popular      
female sovereign founded the largest    
bell in the world1 and gave the most    
magnificent ,carnival ever held in      
,russia4 ,thus she maintained her sway  
by the aid of pleasure and devotion1 a  
twofold cord her subjects never broke4  
,in #agdj ,anna ,ivanovna resolved to   

surpass every preceding ,carnival by her
 unique manner of providing her people  
with amusement during this merry season4
 ,it was customary for the sovereign of 
,russia to be attended by a dwarf1 who  
united the privileged character of a    
jester to the tiny proportions of a     
little child4 ,this empress possessed   
two of these diminutive personages1 and 
she chose for her own amusement and that
 of her loving subjects1 that they      
should be married during this ,carnival1
 and whether nature did this match      
contrive1 or it was the consequence of  
her own despotic will1 cannot be known  
without a peep into the jealously       
guarded archives of ,russia2 but the    
nuptials of these sports of nature was  
the ostensible cause of the fete4 ,this 
the ,autocrat gave on a new and splendid
 scale4 ,she directed her governors to  
send her two natives of the hundred     
districts they ruled in her name1       
clothed in their national costume1 and  
with the animals they were accustomed to

 use on their journeys4 ,the idea was   
certainly a brilliant one1 and worthy of
 the sovereign lady of so many nations1 
tongues1 and languages4  ,anna ,ivanovna
 was punctually obeyed1 and at the      
appointed time a motley procession1     
including the purest types of the       
,caucasian race and the ugliest of the  
,mongolian1 astonished the eyes of the  
,empress1 who had scarcely known the    
greater part of these distant tribes by 
name4 ,there she beheld the ,kamtchadale
 with his sledge drawn by dogs1 the     
,russian ,laplander with his reindeer1  
the ,kalmuck with his cows1 the ,tartar 
on his horse1 and the native of ,bochara
 with his camel1 the ,ostiak on his     
clogs4 ,then for the first time1 the    
beautiful ,georgian and ,circassian1    
with their dark ringlets and unrivalled 
features1 looked with astonishment upon 
the red hair of the ,finlander4 ,the    
gigantic ,cossack of the ,ukraine eyed  
with contempt the pigmy ,samoiede--and  
in fact1 for the first time were brought

 into contact by the will of their      
sovereign lady1 who classed each race   
under one of four banners1 representing 
spring1 summer1 autumn1 and winter2 and 
these two hundred persons1 during eight 
days1 paraded the streets of ,st4       
,petersburg1 to the infinite delight of 
the population1 who had never seen the  
power of the throne displayed in a      
manner so agreeable to their taste      
before4  ,upon the wedding day of her   
dwarfs1 these important personages had  
been attended to the altar by this      
singular national procession1 where they
 plighted their faith in the presence of
 the ,empress and all her ,court1 after 
which they heard ,mass1 and then1       
accompanied by their numerous escort1   
took possession of the palace prepared  
for them by the direction of their      
imperial mistress4 ,this palace was not 
the least fanciful part of the fete4 ,it
 was entirely composed of ice1 and      
resembled crystal in its brilliancy and 
fine cutting and polish4 ,this beautiful

 fabric was fifty-two feet in length and
 twenty in width2 the roof1 the floor1  
the furniture1 chandeliers1 and even the
 nuptial bed1 were formed of the same   
cold1 glittering1 and transparent       
materials4 ,the doors1 the galleries1   
and the fortifications1--even the six   
pieces of cannon that guarded this      
magical palace1 were of ice2 one of     
these1 charged with a single ice-bullet1
 and fired by the aid of a pound of     
powder1 perforated at seventy paces a   
plank of twelve inches thickness4 ,this 
was done to salute the bridal party1 and
 welcome them home4 ,the most curious   
piece of mechanism1 and which pleased   
the ,russians the most1 was a colossal  
elephant1 mounted by an armed ,persian1 
and led by twelve slaves4 ,this gigantic
 beast threw from his trunk a column of 
water by day1 and at night a stream of  
fire1 uttering from time to time roars  
which were heard from one end of ,st4   
,petersburg to the other4 ,these noble  
roars were produced by twelve ,russians 

concealed in the body and legs of the   
phantom elephant1 whose costly housings 
hid the men whose noise so delighted    
their countrymen4 ,this ,carnival of the
 fete-loving feany male usurper has     
never been surpassed by ,russian        
sovereign1 though1 with the exception of
 the assembly of her distant subjects1  
its taste was barbarous enough4         
,from ,household ,words4  ,,rainbow     
,,making4   ,it is a great idea--too    
large to be arrived at but by           
degrees--that the fleece of sheep can   
clothe nations of men4 ,the fleece of a 
sheep1 when pulled and spread out1 looks
 much larger than while covering the    
mutton2 but still it is with a sort of  
despair that we think of the quantity   
required1 and of the dressing and       
preparation necessary1 for clothing     
fifteen million of men in one country1  
and double the number in another 7to say
 nothing of the women71 and of the      
number of countries1 each containing its
 millions1 which are incessantly        

demanding the fleeces of sheep to clothe
 their inhabitants4 ,we remember the    
hill-sides of our own mountainous       
districts2 and the wide grassy plains of
 ,saxony2 and the boundless table lands 
of ,thibet1 and the valleys of          
,cashmere1 all speckled over with       
flocks2 we think of the ,australian     
sheep-walks1 where there are flocks of  
such unmanageable size1 that the whole  
sheep is boiled down for tallow2 we     
think of ,prince ,esterhazy's reply to  
the question of an ,english nobleman1   
when shown vast flocks1 and asked how   
his sheep in ,hungary would compare in  
number with these1--that his shepherds  
outnumbered the ,englishman's sheep2 we 
think of these things1 and by degrees   
begin to understand how wool enough may 
be produced to furnish the broadcloths  
and flannels of the world4 ,but the most
 strong and agile imagination is        
confounded when the material of silk is 
considered in the same way4 ,compare a  
caterpillar with a sheep2 compare the   

cocoon of a silkworm 7the achievement of
 its life7 with the annual fleece of a  
sheep2 and the supply of silk for the   
looms of ,europe1 ,asia1 and ,america1  
seems a mere miracle4 ,the marvel is the
 greater1 not the less1 when one is in a
 silk-growing region1 attending to the  
facts and appearances1 than when trying 
to conceive of them at home4 ,in        
,lombardy1 we travel from day to day1   
during the whole month of ,may1 between 
rows of mulberry trees1 where the       
peasants are busy providing food for the
 worms2 a man in the tree stripping off 
the leaves1 and two women below with    
sacks1 to carry home the foliage4 ,we   
see what tons of leaves per mile must be
 thus gathered daily for weeks together2
 we go into houses in every village to  
inspect the worm2 we mount to the flat  
roofs of the dwellings1 and find in each
 countless multitudes of the worms2 we  
pass on1 from country to country1 till  
we mount to the hamlets1 perched on the 
rocky shelves of the ,lebanon2 and we   

find every where the insect secreting   
its gum1 or spinning it forth as silk2  
we remember that the same process is    
going forward in the heart of our       
,indian ,peninsula1 and throughout      
,china2 we look at the broad belt round 
the globe where the little worm is      
forming its cocoons2 and still we find  
it impossible to imagine how enough silk
 is produced to supply the wants of the 
world1 from the brocade of the ,asiatic 
potentate to the wedding ribbon of the  
,english dairy-maid4 ,nowhere is the    
speculation more difficult than in a    
dye-house at ,coventry4  ,probably there
 was as much wonder excited by the same 
thought1 when ,king ,henry ,,viii4 wore 
the first pair of silk stockings brought
 to ,england from ,spain2 and when      
,francis ,i4 looked after the mulberry  
trees in ,france1 and fixed some silk   
weavers at ,lyons2 and when our ,queen  
,mary passed a law forbidding           
servant-maids to wear ribbons on        
bonnets2 and when monarch after monarch 

passed acts to teach how silk should be 
boiled1 and whence it should be brought1
 and who should1 and who should not1    
wear it when wrought2 but the perplexity
 and amazement of king1 lords1 and      
commons could hardly1 at any time1 have 
exceeded that of the humblest visitor of
 to-day in any dye-house at ,coventry4  
,we know something of the fact of this  
astonishment2 for we have been noting   
the wonders that are to be found on the 
premises of ,messrs4 ,leavesley and     
,hands at ,coventry4  ,on entering1 we  
see1 ranged along the counters1 half    
round the room1 bundles of glossy silk1 
of the most brilliant colors4 ,blues1   
rose-colors1 greens1 lilacs1 make a     
rainbow of the place4 ,it is only two   
days since this silk was brought in in a
 very different condition4 ,the         
throwster 7to throw1 means to twist or  
twine71 after spinning the raw silk1    
imported from ,italy1 ,turkey1 ,bengal1 
and ,china1 into thread fit for the     
loom1 sent it here in bundles1 gummy1   

harsh1 dingy2 except1 indeed1 the       
,italian1 which looks1 till washed1 like
 fragments of ,jason's fleece4 ,if      
bundles1 and regiments of bundles1 like 
these1 come into one dye-house every few
 days1 to be prepared for the weaving of
 ribbons alone1 and for the             
ribbon-weaving of a single town1 it is  
overwhelming to think of the amount of  
production required for the broad       
silk-weaving of ,england1 of ,europe1 of
 the world4 ,of the silk dyed at        
,coventry1 about eighty per cent4 is    
used for the ribbon-weaving of the city 
and neighborhood2 and the quantity      
averages six tons and a half weekly4 ,of
 the remaining twenty per cent41 half is
 used for the manufacture of fringes2   
and the other half goes to              
,macclesfield1 ,congleton1 and ,derby4  
,the harsh gummy silk that comes in from
 the throwing mills is boiled1 wrung    
out1 and boiled again4 ,if it wants     
bleaching1 there is a sort of open oven 
of a house2 a vault in the yard where it

 is sulphured4 ,the heat1 and the       
sensation in the throat1 inform us in a 
moment where we have got to4 ,when the  
hanks come forth from this process1     
every thread is separated from its      
neighbor1 and the whole bundle is soft1 
dry1 and glossy4 ,then follows the      
dyeing4 ,to make the silk receive the   
colors1 it is dipped in a mordant in    
some diluted acid1 or solution of metal 
which enables the color to bite into the
 fibre4 ,to make pinks of all shades1   
the silk is dipped in diluted tartaric  
acid for the mordant1 and then in a     
decoction of safflower for the hue4 ,to 
make plum-color or puce1 indigo is the  
dye1 with a cochineal4 ,to make black1  
nitrate of iron first2 then a washing   
follows2 and then a dipping in logwood  
dye1 mixed with soap and water4 ,for a  
white1 pure enough for ribbons1 the silk
 has to pass through the three primary  
colors1 yellow1 red1 and blue4 ,the     
dipping1 wringing1 splashing1 stirring1 
boiling1 drying1 go on vigorously1 from 

end to end of the large premises1 as may
 be supposed1 when the fact is mentioned
 that the daily consumption of water    
amounts to one hundred thousand gallons4
 ,a reservoir1 in the middle of the     
yard1 formerly supplied the water2 but  
it proved insufficient1 or uncertain2   
and now it is about to be filled up1 and
 an ,artesian well is opened to the     
depth of one hundred and ninety-five    
feet4 ,the dyeing sheds are paved with  
pebbles or bricks1 crossed with gutters1
 and variegated with gay puddles4 ,stout
 brick-built coppers are stationed round
 the place4 ,above each copper are      
cocks1 which let in hot and cold water  
from the pipes that travel round the    
walls of the sheds4 ,there are wooden   
troughs for the dye2 and to these       
troughs the water is conveyed by spouts4
 ,the silk hangs down into the dye from 
poles1 smoothly turned and uniform1     
which are laid across the troughs by the
 dozen or more at once4 ,these staves   
are procured from ,derby4 ,they cost    

from six shillings to twenty-four       
shillings per dozen1 and constitute an  
independent subsidiary manufacture4 ,the
 silk hanks being suspended from those  
poles1 two men1 standing on either side 
the trough1 take up two poles1 souse1   
and shake1 and plunge the silk1 and turn
 that which had been uppermost under the
 surface of the liquor1 and pass on to  
the next two4 ,when done enough1 the    
silk is wrung out and pressed1 and taken
 to the drying-house4 ,the heat in that 
large chamber is about one hundred      
degrees4 ,on entering it1 everybody     
begins to cough4 ,the place is lofty and
 large4 ,the staves1 which are laid     
across beams1 to contain the suspended  
silk1 make little movable ceilings here 
and there4 ,this chamber contains five  
or six hundred-weights of silk at once4 
,our minds glance once more towards the 
spinning insects on hearing this2 and we
 ask again1 how much of their produce   
may be woven into fabrics in ,coventry  
alone8 ,we think we must have made a    

mistake in setting down the weekly      
average at six tons and a half4 ,but    
there was no mistake4 ,it is really so4 
,while speaking of weight1 we heard     
something which reminded us of ,king    
,charles ,i4's opinions about some      
practices which were going forward      
before our eyes4 ,it appears1 that the  
silk which comes to the dye-house is    
heavy with gum1 to the amount of        
one-fourth of its weight4 ,this gum must
 be boiled out before the silk can be   
dyed4 ,but the manufacturers of cheap   
goods require that the material shall   
not be so light as this process would   
leave it4 ,it is dipped in well-sugared 
water1 which adds about eight per cent4 
to its weight4 ,many tons of sugar per  
year are used as 7what the proprietor   
called7 the silk-dyer's devil's dust4   
,it was this very practice which excited
 the wrath of our pious ,king ,charles1 
in all his horror of double-dealing4 ,a 
proclamation of his1 of the date of     
#afcj1 declares his fears of the        

consequences of a deceitful handling of 
the material1 by adding to its weight in
 dyeing1 and ordains that the whole     
shall be done as soft as possible2 that 
no black shall be used but ,spanish     
black1 and that the gum shall be fair   
boiled off before dyeing4 ,he found1 in 
time1 that he had meddled with a matter 
that he did not understand1 and had gone
 too far4 ,some of the fabrics of his   
day required to be made of hard silk2   
and he took back his orders in #afch1   
having become1 as he said1              
better-informed4  ,from trough to trough
 we go1 breathing steam1 and stepping   
into puddles1 or reeking rivulets       
rippling over the stones of the         
pavement2 but we are tempted on1 like   
children1 by the charm of the brilliant 
colors that flash upon the sight        
whichever way we turn4 ,what a lilac    
this is6 ,is it possible that such a hue
 can stand8 ,it could not stand even the
 drying1 but for the alkali into which  
it is dipped4 ,it is dyed in orchil     

first1 and then made bluer1 and somewhat
 more secure1 by being soused in a      
well-soaped alkaline mixture4 ,that is a
 good red brown4 ,it is from ,brazil    
wood1 with alum for its mordant4 ,this  
is a brilliant blue2 indigo1 of course8 
,yes1 sulphate of indigo1 with tartaric 
acid4 ,here are two yellows3 how is     
that8 ,one is much better than the      
other2 moreover1 it makes a better      
green2 moreover1 it wears immeasurably  
better4 ,but what is it8 ,the inferior  
one is the old-fashioned turmeric1 with 
tartaric acid4 ,and the improved yellow8
 ,oh6 we perceive4 ,it is a secret of   
the establishment1 and we are not to ask
 questions about it4 ,but among all     
these men employed here1 are there none 
accessible to a bribe from a rival in   
the art8 ,there is no saying2 for the   
men cannot be tempted4 ,they do not     
know1 any more than ourselves1 what this
 mysterious yellow is4 ,but why does it 
not supersede the old-fashioned         
turmeric8 ,it will1 no doubt2 and it is 

gaining rapidly upon it2 but it takes   
time to establish improvements4 ,the    
improvement in greens1 however1 is fast 
recommending the new yellow4 ,this deep 
amber is a fine color4 ,we find it is   
called ,california1 which has a modern  
sound in it4 ,this ,napoleon blue 7not  
,louis ,napoleon's7 is a rich color4 ,it
 gives a good deal of trouble4 ,there is
 actually a precipitation of metal1 of  
tin1 upon every fibre1 to make it       
receive the dye2 and then it has to be  
washed2 and then dipped again1 before it
 can take a darker shade2 and afterwards
 washed again1 over and over1 till it is
 dark enough2 when it is finally soused 
in water which has fuller's earth in it1
 to make it soft enough for working and 
wear4 ,what is doing with that          
dirty-white bundle8 ,it is silk of a    
thoroughly bad color4 ,whether it is the
 fault of the worm1 or of the worm's    
food1 or what1 there is no saying--that 
is the manufacturer's affair4 ,he sent  
it here4 ,it is now to be sulphured1 and

 dipped in a very faint shade of indigo1
 curdled over with soap4 ,this will     
improve it1 but not make it equal to a  
purer white silk4 ,next1 the wet hanks  
have to be squeezed in the ,archimedean 
press1 and then hung up in that large1  
hot drying-room4  ,one serious matter   
remains unintelligible to us4 ,plaid    
ribbons--that is1 all sorts of checked  
ribbons--have been in fashion so long   
now1 that we have had time to speculate 
7which we have often done71 on how they 
can possibly be made4 ,about the colors 
of the warp 7the long way of the        
ribbon71 we are clear enough4 ,but how1 
in the weft1 do the colors duly return1 
so as to make the stripes1 and therefore
 the checks1 recur at equal distances8  
,we are now shown how this was done     
formerly1 and how it is done now4       
,formerly1 the hanks were tied very     
tightly1 at equal distances1 and the    
alternate spaces closely wrapped round  
with paper1 or wound round with         
packthread4 ,this took up a great deal  

of time4 ,we were shown a much better   
plan4 ,a shallow box is made1 so as to  
hold within it the halves of several    
skeins of silk2 these halves being      
curiously twisted1 so as to alternate   
with the other halves when the hanks are
 shaken back into their right position  
for winding4 ,one half being within the 
box1 and the other hanging out1 the lid 
is bolted down so tight that the dye    
cannot creep into the box2 and the      
out-hanging silk is dipped4 ,so much can
 be done at once1 that the saving of    
time is very great1 and1 judging by the 
prodigious array of plaid ribbons that  
we saw in the looms afterwards1 the     
value of the invention is no trifle4    
,the name of this novelty is the        
,clouding ,box4  ,we see a bundle of    
cotton4 ,what has cotton to do here8 ,it
 is from ,nottingham--very fine and well
 twisted4 ,it is a pretty pink1 and it  
costs one shilling and sixpence per     
pound to dye4 ,but what is it for8 ,ah6 
that is the question6 ,it is to mix in  

with silk1 to make a cheap ribbon4      
,another pinch of devil's dust6  ,there 
is a calendering process employed in the
 final preparation of the dried silk1 by
 which1 we believe1 its gloss is        
improved2 but it was not in operation at
 the time of our visit4 ,we saw1 and    
watched with great curiosity1 a still   
later process--more pretty to witness   
than easy to achieve--the making up of  
the hanks4 ,this is actually the most   
difficult thing the men have to learn in
 the whole business4 ,of course1        
therefore1 it is no matter for          
description4 ,the twist1 the insertion  
of the arm1 the jerk1 the drawing of the
 mysterious knot1 may be looked at for  
hours and days1 without the spectator   
having the least idea how the thing is  
done4 ,we went from workman to          
workman--from him who was making up the 
blue1 to him who was making up the      
red--we saw one of the proprietors make 
up several hanks at the speed of twenty 
in four minutes and a half1 and we are  

no more likely to be able to do it1 than
 if we had never entered a dye-house4   
,peeping ,tom might spy for very long   
before he would be much the wiser2 when 
done1 the effect is beautiful4 ,the     
snaky coils of the polished silk throw  
off the light like fragments of mirrors4
  ,another mysterious process is the    
marking of the silk which belongs to    
each manufacturer4 ,the hanks and       
bundles are tied with cotton string2 and
 this string is knotted with knots at   
this end1 at that end1 in the middle1 in
 ties at the sides1 with knots numbering
 from one to fifteen1 twenty1 or        
whatever number may be necessary2 and   
the manufacturer's particular system of 
knots is posted in the books with his   
name1 the quantity of silk sent in1 the 
dye required1 and all other particulars4
  ,we were amused to find that there is 
a particular twist and a particular dye 
for the fringe of brown parasols4 ,it is
 desired that there should be a claret  
tint on this fringe1 when seen against  

the light2 and here1 accordingly1 we    
find the claret tint4 ,the silk is      
somewhat dull1 from being hard twisted2 
it is to be made more lustrous by       
stretching1 and we accompany it to the  
stretching machine4 ,there it is        
suspended on a barrel and movable pin2  
by a man's weight applied to a wheel1   
the pin is drawn down1 the hank         
stretches1 and comes out two or more    
inches longer than it went in1 and      
looking perceptibly brighter4 ,a hank of
 bad silk snaps under this strain2 a    
twist that will stand it is improved by 
it4  ,looking into a little apartment1  
as we return through the yard1 we find a
 man engaged in work which the daintiest
 lady might long to take out of his     
hands4 ,he is making pattern-cards and  
books4 ,he arranges the shades of all   
sorts of charming colors1 named after a 
hundred pretty flowers1 fruits1 and     
other natural productions1--his lemons1 
lavenders1 corn flowers1 jonquils1      
cherries1 fawns1 pearls1 and so forth2  

takes a pinch of each floss1 knots it in
 the middle1 spreads it at the ends1    
pastes down these ends1 and1 when he has
 a row complete1 covers the pasted part 
with slips of paper1 so numbered as that
 each number stands opposite its own    
shade of color4 ,a pattern-book is as   
good as a rainbow for the pocket4 ,this 
looks like a woman's work2 but there are
 no women here4 ,the men will not allow 
it4 ,women cannot be kept out of the    
ribbon-weaving2 but in the dye-house    
they must not set foot1 though the work1
 or the chief part of it1 is far from   
laborious1 and requires a good eye and  
tact1 more than qualities less feminine4
 ,we found many apprentices in the      
works1 receiving nearly half the amount 
of wages of their qualified elders4 ,the
 men earn from ten shillings to thirty  
shillings a week1 according to their    
qualifications4 ,nearly half of the     
whole number earn about fifteen         
shillings a week at the present time4   
,and1 now1 we are impatient to follow   

these pretty silk bundles to the        
factory1 and see the weaving4 ,it is    
strange to see1 on our way to so        
thoroughly modern an establishment1 such
 tokens of antiquity1 or reminders of   
antiquity1 as we have to pass4 ,we pass 
under ,st4 ,michael's ,church1 and look 
up1 amazed1 to the beauty and loftiness 
of its tower and spire2 the spire       
tapering off at a height of three       
hundred and twenty feet4 ,the crumbling 
nature of the stone gives a richness and
 beauty to the edifice1 which we would  
hardly part with for such clear outlines
 as those of the restored ,trinity      
,church1 close at hand4 ,and then1 at an
 angle of the market-place1 there is    
,tom1 peeping past the corner1--looking 
out of his window1 through his          
spectacles1 with a stealthy air1 which1 
however ridiculous1 makes one thrill1 as
 with a whiff of the breeze which       
stirred the ,lady ,godiva's hair1 on    
that memorable day1 so long ago4 ,it is 
strange1 after this1 to see the factory 

chimney1 straight1 tall1 and handsome1  
in its way1 with its inlaying of colored
 bricks1 towering before us1 to about   
the height of a hundred and thirty feet4
 ,no place has proved itself more       
unwilling than ,coventry to admit such  
innovations4 ,no place has made a more  
desperate resistance to the introduction
 of steam power4 ,no place has more     
perseveringly struggled for protection1 
with groans1 menaces1 and supplications4
 ,up to a late period1 the ,coventry    
weavers believed themselves safe from   
the inroads of steam power4 ,a          
,macclesfield manufacturer said1 only   
twenty years ago1 before a ,committee of
 the ,house of ,commons1 that he        
despaired of ever applying power-looms  
to silk4 ,this was because so much time 
was employed in handling and trimming   
the silk1 that the steam power must be  
largely wasted4 ,so thought the weavers1
 in the days when the silk was given out
 in hanks or bobbins1 and woven at home1
 or1 when the work was done by handloom 

weavers in the factory--called the      
loom-shop4 ,the day was at hand1        
however1 when that should be done of    
which the ,macclesfield gentleman       
despaired4 ,a small factory was set up  
in ,coventry by way of experiment1 in   
the use of steam power1 in #ahca4 ,it   
was burned down during a quarrel about  
wages1--nobody knows how or by whom4    
,the weavers declared it was not their  
doing2 but their enmity to steam power  
was strong enough to restrain the       
employers from the use of it4 ,it was   
not till every body saw that ,coventry  
was losing its manufacture1--parting    
with it to places which made ribbons by 
steam1--that the manufacturers felt     
themselves able to do what must be done1
 if they were to save their trade4 ,the 
state of things now is very significant4
 ,about seventy houses in ,coventry make
 ribbons and trimmings1 7fringes and the
 like47 ,of these1 four make fringes and
 trimmings1 and no ribbons2 and six or  
eight make both4 ,say that fifty-eight  

houses make ribbons alone4 ,it is       
believed that three-fourths of the      
ribbons are made by no more than twenty 
houses out of these fifty-eight4 ,there 
are now thirty steam powerloom factories
 in ,coventry1 producing about seven    
thousand pieces of ribbons in the week1 
and employing about three thousand      
persons4 ,it seems not to be ascertained
 how large a proportion of the          
population are employed in the ribbon   
manufacture3 but the increase is great  
since the year #ahch1 when the number   
was about eight thousand1 without       
reckoning the outlying places1 which    
would add about three thousand to the   
number4 ,the total population of the    
city was found1 last ,march1 to amount  
to nearly thirty-seven thousand4 ,so1 if
 we reckon the numbers employed in      
connection with the throwing-mills and  
dye-houses1 we shall see what an        
ascendency the ribbon manufacture has in
 ,coventry4  ,at the factory we are     
entering1 the preparatory processes are 

going forward at the top and the bottom 
of the building4 ,in the yard is the    
boiler fire1 which sets the engine to   
work2 and1 from the same yard1 we enter 
workshops1 where the machinery is made  
and repaired4 ,the ponderous work of the
 men at the forge and anvils contrasts  
curiously with the delicacy of the      
fabric which is to be produced by the   
agency of these masses of iron and      
steel4 ,passing up a step-ladder1 we    
find ourselves in a long room1 where    
turners are at work1 making the wooden  
apparatus required1 piercing the compass
 boards1 for the threads to pass        
through1 and displaying to us many      
ingenious forms of polished wood4 ,while
 the apparatus is thus preparing below1 
the material of the manufacture is      
getting arranged1 four stories overhead4
 ,there1 under a skylight1 women and    
girls are winding the silk from the     
hanks1 upon the spools1 for the         
shuttles4 ,here we see1 again1 the      
clouded silk1 which is to make plaid    

ribbons1 and the bright hues which      
delighted our eyes at the dyeing-house4 
,this is easy work1--many of the women  
sitting at their reels2 and the air is  
pure and cool4 ,the great shaft from the
 engine1 passing through the midst of   
the building1 carries off the dust1 and 
affords excellent ventilation4 ,besides 
this1 the whole edifice is crowned by an
 observatory1 with windows all round2   
and no complete ceilings shut off the   
air between this chamber and the rooms  
of two stories below4 ,in clear weather1
 there is a fine view from this         
pinnacle1 extending from the house1     
gardens1 and orchard of the ,messrs4    
,hamerton below1 over the spires of     
,coventry1 to a wide range of country   
beyond4  ,descending from the long room1
 where the winding is going on1 we find 
ourselves in an apartment which it does 
one good to be in4 ,it is furnished with
 long narrow tables1 and benches put    
there for the sake of the work-people1  
who may like to have their tea at the   

factory1 in peace and quiet4 ,they can  
have hot water1 and make themselves     
comfortable here4 ,against the door     
hangs a list of books1 read1 or to be   
read1 by the people3 and a very good    
list it is4 ,prints1 from ,raffaelle's  
,bible1 plainly framed1 are on the      
walls4 ,in the middle of the room1 on1  
and beside1 a table1 are four men and   
boys1 preparing the strapping of a      
,jacquard loom for work4 ,the cords1 so 
called1 are woven at ,shrewsbury4 ,we   
next enter a room where a young man is  
engaged in the magical work of reading  
in from the draught4 ,the draught is the
 pattern of the intended ribbon1 drawn  
and painted upon diced paper1--like the 
patterns for carpets that we saw at     
,kendal1 but a good deal larger1 though 
the article to be produced here is so   
much smaller4 ,the young man sits1 as at
 a loom4 ,before him hangs the mass of  
cords he is to tie into pattern1 close  
before his face1 like the curtain of a  
cabinet piano4 ,upreared before his eyes

 is his pattern1 supported by a slip of 
wood4 ,he brings the line he has to read
 in to the edge of this wood1 and then1 
with nimble fingers1 separates the      
cords1 by threes1 by sevens1 by fives1  
by twelves1 according to the pattern1   
and threads through them the string     
which is to tie them apart4 ,the skill  
and speed with which he feels out his   
cords1 while his eyes are fixed on his  
pattern1 appear very remarkable2 but    
when we come to consider1 it is not so  
complicated a process as playing at     
sight on the piano4 ,the reader has to  
deal thus with one chapter1 or series1  
or movement1 of his pattern4 ,a da capo 
ensues3 in other words1 the ,jacquard   
cards are tied together1 to begin again2
 and there is a revolution of the cards1
 and a repetition of the pattern1 till  
the piece of ribbon is finished4 ,in the
 same apartment is the press in which   
the ,jacquard cards are prepared2 just  
in the way which may be seen wherever   
silk or carpet weaving1 with ,jacquard  

looms1 goes forward4  ,all the          
preparations having been seen--the      
making of the machinery1 the filling of 
the spools1 the drawing and reading in  
of the pattern1 and the tying of the    
cords or strapping1 we have to see the  
great process of all1 the actual        
weaving4 ,we certainly had no idea how  
fine a spectacle it might be4 ,floor    
above floor is occupied with a long room
 in each1 where the looms are set as    
close as they can work1 on either hand1 
leaving only a narrow passage between4  
,it may seem an odd thing to say2 but   
there is a kind of architectural        
grandeur in these long lofty rooms1     
where the transverse cords of the looms 
and their shafts and beams are so       
uniform1 as to produce the impression   
that symmetry1 on a large scale1 always 
gives4 ,looking down upon the details1  
there is plenty of beauty4 ,the light   
glances upon the glossy colored silks1  
depending1 like a veil1 from the backs  
of the looms1 where women and girls are 

busy piercing the imperfect threads with
 nimble fingers4 ,there seems to be     
plenty for one person to do2 for there  
are thirteen broad ribbons1 or a greater
 number of narrow ones1 woven at once1  
in a single loom2 yet it may sometimes  
be seen that one person can attend the  
fronts1 and another the backs of two    
looms4 ,in the front we see the thirteen
 ribbons getting made4 ,usually1 they   
are of the same pattern1 in different   
colors4 ,the shuttles1 with their gay   
little spools1 fly to and fro1 and the  
pattern grows1 as of its own will4      
,below is a barrel1 on which the woven  
ribbon is wound4 ,slowly revolving1 it  
winds off the fabric as it is finished1 
leaving the shuttles above room to ply  
their work4  ,the variety of ribbons is 
very great1 though in this factory we   
saw no gauzes1 nor1 at the time of our  
visit1 any of the extremely rich ribbons
 which made such a show at the          
,exhibition4 ,some had an elegant and   
complicated pattern1 and were woven with

 two shuttles 7called the double-batten 
weaving7 which came forward alternately1
 as the details of the rich flower or   
leaf required the one or the other4     
,there were satin ribbons1 in weaving   
which only one thread in eight is taken 
up1--the gloss being given by the silk  
loop which covers the other seven4 ,on  
entering1 we saw some narrow scarlet    
satin ribbons1 woven for the ,queen4    
,wondering what ,her ,majesty could want
 with ribbon of such a color and        
quality1 we were set at ease by finding 
that it was not for ladies1 but horses4 
,it was to dress the heads of the royal 
horses4 ,there were bride-like1         
white-figured ribbons1 and narrow flimsy
 black ones1 fit for the wear of the    
poor widow who strives to get together  
some mourning for ,sundays4 ,there were 
checked ribbons1 of all colors and all  
sizes in the check4 ,there were stripes 
of all varieties of width and hue4      
,there were diced ribbons1 and speckled1
 and frosted4 ,there were edges which   

may introduce a beautiful harmony of    
coloring2 as primrose with a lilac edge1
 green with a purple edge1 rose color   
and brown1 puce and amber1 and so on4   
,the loops of pearl or shell edges are  
given by the silk being passed round    
horse-hairs1 which are drawn out when   
the thing is done4 ,there are           
belts1--double ribbons1--which have     
other material than silk in them2 and   
there are a good many which are plain at
 one edge1 and ornamented at the other4 
,these are for trimming dresses4 ,one   
reason why there are so few gauzes1 is  
that the ,french beat us there4 ,they   
grow the kind of silk that is best for  
that fabric1 and labor is cheap with    
them2 so that any work in which labor   
bears a large proportion to the         
material1 is peculiarly suitable for    
them4  ,we have spent so much time among
 the looms1 that it is growing dusk in  
their shadows1 though still light enough
 in the counting house for us to look   
over the pattern-book1 and admire a     

great many patterns1 most1 till we see  
more4 ,young women are weighing ribbons 
in large scales2 and a man is measuring 
off some pieces1 by reeling4 ,he cuts   
off remnants1 which he casts into a     
basket1 where they look so pretty that1 
lest we should be conscious of any      
shop-lifting propensities1 we turn away4
 ,there is a glare now through the      
window which separates us from the noisy
 weaving room4 ,the gas is lighted1 and 
we step in again1 just to see the       
effect4 ,it is really very fine4 ,the   
flare of the separate jets is lost      
behind the screens of silken threads1   
which veil the backs of the looms1 while
 the yellow light touches the beams1 and
 gushes up to the high ceiling in a     
thousand caprices4 ,surely the ribbon   
manufacture is one of the prettiest that
 we have to show4  ,if the ,coventry    
people were asked whether their chief   
manufacture was in a flourishing state1 
the most opposite answers would probably
 be given by different parties equally  

concerned4 ,some exult1 and some        
complain1 at this present time4 ,as far 
as we can make out1 the state of things 
is this4 ,from the low price of         
provisions1 multitudes have something   
more to spare from their weekly wages   
than formerly1 for the purchase of      
finery3 and the demand for cheap ribbons
 has increased wonderfully4 ,as always  
happens when any manufacture is         
prosperous1 the operatives engage their 
whole families in it4 ,we may see the   
father weaving2 his wife1 on the verge  
of her confinement1 winding in another  
room1 or1 perhaps1 standing behind a    
loom1 piecing the whole day long4 ,the  
little girls fill the spools2 the boys  
are weaving somewhere else4 ,the        
consequences of this devotion of whole  
households to one business1 are as bad  
here as among the ,nottingham           
lace-makers1 or the ,leicester hosiers4 
,not only is there the misery before    
them of the whole family being adrift at
 once1 when bad times come1 but they are

 doing their utmost to bring on those   
bad times4 ,great as is the demand1 the 
production has1 thus far1 much exceeded 
it4 ,the soundest capitalists may be    
heard complaining that theirs is a      
losing trade4 ,less substantial         
capitalists have been obliged to get rid
 of some of their stock at any price    
they could obtain3 and those ribbons1   
sold at a loss1 intercept the sales of  
the fair-dealing manufacturer4 ,this    
cannot go on4 ,prosperous as the        
working-classes of ,coventry have been1 
for a considerable time1 a season of    
adversity must be within ken1 if the    
capitalists find the trade a bad one for
 them4 ,we find the case strongly       
stated1 and supported by facts1 in a    
tract1 on the ,census of ,coventry1     
which has lately been published there4  
,it might save a repetition of the      
misery which the ,coventry people       
brought upon themselves formerly--by    
their tenacity about protective duties1 
and their opposition to steam power--if 

they would1 before it is too late1      
ponder the facts of their case1 and     
strive1 every man in his way1 to yield  
respect to the natural demand for the   
great commodity of his city2 and to take
 care that the men of ,coventry shall be
 fit for something else than weaving    
ribbons4     ,from the ,examiner4       
,,barthold ,,niebuhr1 ,,the             
,,historian4#bj   ,niebuhr was born     
pre-eminently gifted1 was trained by    
intellectual and tender parents1 and his
 whole career is one story of the       
progress made by a mind which united    
extraordinary powers with untiring      
industry4 ,but ,niebuhr was not only    
born to achieve greatness4 ,he achieved 
love and friendship in every relation of
 his life1 he was a high-minded and in  
the purest sense of the word an earnest 
man4 ,in intellect he was a giant among 
us2 but in him the intellect was not a  
statue raised above the moral life1 on  
which it trod as on a pedestal1 a block 
of mere stone-mason's work2 his heart   

had not been used up in the making of   
his brains1 or his soul cleared out a   
sacrifice to make room for a new stock  
of understanding4 ,we may yield our     
minds up to admire ,niebuhr             
unreservedly1 and it is pleasant        
therefore to get a ,life of him in      
,english1 so full as this is of the     
actual man1 as he poured out portions   
thereof to his bosom friends1 and       
wherein the large lumps of true ,niebuhr
 gold are contained in a biographic     
deposit which itself is a long way      
removed from dross4 ,the quiet1         
unaffected way in which this work has   
been done by the ,english writer of the 
book before us1 her elegant simplicity  
of style1 her thorough mastery of the   
subject1 enable us to pass from ,life to
 ,letters1 and from ,letters back to    
,life1 without any sense but of a       
perfect harmony between both4 ,the two  
volumes are of a kind that can be read  
through from the beginning to the end   
with unremitting pleasure4 ,we strongly 

suspect that ,niebuhr1 at the age of    
twelve1 would have bewildered with his  
knowledge some few of our university    
professors4 ,here is part of a sketch1  
representing him when he was not very   
far removed from long clothes3          
,how keenly alive he was to poetical    
impressions appears from      a letter  
of ,boje's written in #aghc3 ,this      
reminds me of      little ,niebuhr4 ,his
 docility1 his industry1 and his devoted
      love for me procure me many a     
pleasant hour4 ,a short time      back  
,i was reading ',macbeth' aloud to his  
parents without      taking any notice  
of him1 till ,i saw what an impression  
it      made upon him4 ,then ,i tried to
 render it all intelligible to      him1
 and even explained to him how the      
witches were only      poetical beings4 
,when ,i was gone1 he sat down 7he is   
not yet      seven years old71 and wrote
 it all out on seven sheets of          
paper without omitting one important    
point1 and certainly      without any   

expectation of receiving praise for it2 
for1      when his father asked to see  
what he had written1 and showed      it 
to me1 he cried for fear he had not done
 it well4 ,since      then he writes    
down every thing of importance that he  
hears      from his father or me4 ,we   
seldom praise him1 but just      quietly
 tell him where he has made any mistake1
 and he      avoids the fault for the   
future4       ,the child's character    
early exhibited a rare union of the     
faculty of poetical insight with that of
 accurate practical      observation4   
,the amusements he contrived for himself
 afford      an illustration of this4   
,during the periods of his              
confinement to the house1 before he was 
old enough to have      any paper given 
him1 he covered with his writings and   
drawings the margins of the leaves of   
several copies of      ,forskaal's      
works1 which were used in the house as  
waste      paper4 ,then he made copy    
books for himself1 in which he          

wrote essays1 mostly on political       
subjects4 ,he had an      imaginary     
empire called ,low-,england1 of which he
 drew maps1      and he promulgated     
laws1 waged wars1 and made treaties of  
peace there4 ,his father was pleased    
that he should occupy      himself with 
amusements of this kind1 and his sister 
took an      active part in them4 ,there
 still exist among his papers many      
of his childish productions2 among      
others1 translations and                
interpretations of passages of the ,new 
,testament1 poetical      paraphrases   
from the classics1 sketches of little   
poems1 a      translation of ,poncet's  
,travels in ,ethiopia1 an historical    
and geographical description of ,africa1
 written in #aghg 7the      two last    
were undertaken as presents to his      
father on his      birth-day71 and many 
other things mostly written during      
these years4  ,here is ,niebuhr1 at the 
age of thirty-four1 ,professor in       
,berlin1 after he had retired from      

official trusts which had imposed as    
many toils upon him as would have made  
an enormously active life for one of the
 most ancient tenants of our ,english   
pension list to look back upon3         
,niebuhr's relinquishment of office1 in 
#ahaj1 forms an      important epoch in 
his life4 ,he was now thirty-four years 
of      age1 and since his twentieth    
year 7with the exception of the         
sixteen months passed in ,england and   
,scotland71 had been      actively      
engaged in the public service4 ,during  
this period      he had indeed never    
lost sight of his philological          
researches1 but he had only been able to
 devote to them his      few hours of   
leisure2 now1 it was to be seen whether 
he      could find satisfaction in the  
life of a student1 after      years     
passed in the midst of the great world1 
and surrounded      by exciting         
circumstances4 ,how far he had1 however1
 turned      these leisure hours to     
account1 may be judged by the           

following memorandum1 found1 with many  
others of a similar      kind1 among his
 papers1 and written most probably in   
,copenhagen about #ahjc3       ,works   
which ,i have to complete3 #a4 ,treatise
 on ,roman      ,domains4 #b4           
,translation of ,el ,wakidi #c4 ,history
 of ,macedon4      #d4 ,account of the  
,roman ,constitution at its various     
,epochs4      #e4 ,history of the       
,achaean ,confederation1 of the ,wars of
 the      ,confederates1 and of the     
,civil ,wars of ,marius and ,sylla1 #f4 
,constitutions of the ,greek ,states4   
#g4 ,empire of the      ,caliphs4  ,no  
detailed outlines of these1 or any of   
his other literary undertakings are to  
be found2 but it must not be inferred   
that such memoranda contain mere        
projects1 towards whose execution no    
steps were ever taken4 ,that ,niebuhr   
proposed any such work to himself1 was a
 certain sign that he had read and      
thought deeply on the subject1 but he   
was able to trust so implicitly to his  

extraordinary memory1 that he never     
committed any portion of his essays to  
paper1 till the whole was complete in   
his own mind4 ,his memory was so        
wonderfully retentive1 that he scarcely 
ever forgot any thing which he had once 
heard or read1 and the facts he knew    
remained present to him at all times1   
even in their minutest details4  ,his   
wife and his sister once playfully took 
up ,gibbon1 and asked him questions from
 the table of contents about the most   
trivial things1 by way of testing his   
memory4 ,they carried on the examination
 till they were tired1 and gave up all  
hope of even detecting him in a         
momentary uncertainty1 though he was at 
the same time engaged in writing on some
 other subject4 ,he was once conversing 
with a party of ,austrian officers about
 ,napoleon's ,italian campaigns4 ,some  
dispute arose respecting the position of
 different corps in the battle of       
,marengo4 ,niebuhr described exactly how
 they were placed1 and the progress of  

the action4 ,the officers contradicted  
him2 but on maps being brought he was   
found to be in the right1 and to know   
more of the details of the conflict than
 the very officers who had been present4
 ,one day1 when he was talking with     
,professor ,welcker of ,bonn1 the       
conversation happened to turn on the    
weather1 and ,niebuhr quoted the results
 of barometrical observations in the    
different years1 as far back as #aggj1  
with perfect accuracy4 ,this power was  
not a merely mechanical faculty2 it was 
intimately connected with the power of  
instantaneously seizing on all the      
relations of any fact placed before him1
 and with his wonderful imagination2 his
 imagination1 however1 was that of an   
historian1 not of a poet--it was not    
creative1 but enabled him to form from  
the most various1 and apparently        
inadequate sources1 distinct and        
truthful pictures of scenes1 actions1   
and characters4 ,hence his keen delight 
in travels3 hence1 too1 his habit of    

pronouncing judgment on the men of other
 countries and of past times1 with all  
the warmth of a fellow-countryman and a 
contemporary4  ,with his warm           
affections1 and clear-sighted moral     
sense1 it was impossible for him to form
 such opinions on past or present       
history1 coolly standing aloof1 as it   
were1 and regarding the subject with    
calm superiority2 he could not but      
condemn and despise all that was        
pernicious and base2 he could not but   
love and reverence1 with his whole      
heart1 whatever was noble and beautiful4
 ,such opinions and feelings he         
expressed with the utmost frankness1    
sometimes even with vehemence1 when     
prudence would have counselled more     
guarded language4  ,here is ,professor  
,niebuhr holding up a bright example to 
our friends who fear to look ridiculous 
in rifle clubs3       ,on the evacuation
 of ,berlin by the ,french in ,february1
      #ahac1 ,niebuhr shared in the     
national rejoicings1 and not      less  

in the enthusiasm displayed in the      
preparations for the      complete      
re-conquest of freedom4 ,when the       
,landwehr was      called out1 he       
refused to evade serving in it1 as he   
could      take no other part in the    
war4 ,his wish was to act as            
secretary to the general staff2 but if  
this were not      possible1 he meant to
 enter the service as a volunteer with  
some of his friends4 ,for this purpose  
he went through the      exercises1 and 
when the time came for those of his age 
to be      summoned1 sent in his name as
 a volunteer to the ,landwehr4      ,he 
would have preferred entering a regular 
regiment1 and      applied to the ,king 
for permission to do so2 but this       
request was refused by him1 and he added
 that he would give      him other      
commissions more suited to his talents4 
,niebuhr's friends in ,holstein could   
hardly trust their eyes      when he    
wrote them word that he was drilling for
 the army1      and that his wife       

entered with equal enthusiasm into his  
feelings4 ,the greatness of the object  
had so inspired ,madame      ,niebuhr1  
who was usually anxious1 even to a      
morbid extent1      at the slightest    
imaginable peril for the husband in whom
      she might truly be said to live1  
that she was willing and      ready to  
bring even her most precious treasure as
 a      sacrifice to her country4       
,hitherto we have quoted the biography1 
but on this point1 and at a time when we
 are seeking to forearm ourselves       
against the chance of evil1 it may edify
 us to hear ,niebuhr himself speak on   
the theme of ball practice4 ,niebuhr1 it
 should be remembered1 writes at a time 
when two volumes of his great work1 the 
,history of ,rome1 had been appreciated 
by the public3       ,i come from an    
employment in which you will hardly be  
able      to fancy me engaged--namely1  
exercising4 ,even before the            
departure of the ,french1 ,i began to go
 through the exercise      in private1  

but a man can scarcely acquire it       
without      companions4 ,since the     
,french left1 a party of about twenty   
of us have been exercising in a garden1 
and we have already      got over the   
most difficult part of the training4    
,when my      lectures are concluded1   
which they will be at the beginning     
of next week1 ,i shall try to exercise  
with regular recruits      during the   
morning1 and as often as possible       
practice      shooting at a mark44444   
,by the end of a month ,i hope to be    
as well drilled as any recruit who is   
considered to have      finished his    
training4 ,the heavy musket gave me so  
much      trouble at first1 that ,i     
almost despaired of being able to       
handle it2 but we are able to recover   
the powers again that      we have only 
lost for want of practice4 ,i am happy  
to say      that my hands are growing   
horny2 for as long as they had a        
delicate bookworm's skin1 the musket cut
 into them      terribly4  ,and now let 

us give a view of ,niebuhr as ,professor
 in ,bonn1 together with a few          
well-written notes upon his character3  
,we have seen that1 at ,berlin1 ,niebuhr
 delivered his      lectures verbatim   
from written notes4 ,at ,bonn1 on the   
contrary1 his only preparation consisted
 in meditating for a      short time on 
the subject of his lecture1 and         
referring to      authorities for his   
data1 when he found it necessary1 and he
      brought no written notes with him 
to the lecture-room4 ,his      success  
in imparting his ideas varied greatly at
 different      times1 as it depended   
almost entirely on his mental and       
physical condition at the moment4 ,he   
always felt a certain      difficulty in
 expressing himself4 ,he grasped his    
subject as      a whole1 and it was not 
easy to him to retrace the steps by     
which he had arrived at his results4    
,hence his style was      harsh and     
often disjointed2 and yet he possessed a
 species      of eloquence whose value  

is of a high order--that of making      
the expression the exact reflection of  
the thought--that of      embodying each
 separate idea in an adequate1 but not  
redundant form4 ,the discourse was no   
dry1 impersonal      statement of facts 
and arguments1 or even opinions2 the    
whole man1 with his conceptions1        
feelings1 moral sentiments1      nay    
passions too1 was mirrored forth in it4 
,hence ,niebuhr      not merely informed
 and stimulated the minds of his        
hearers1      but attracted their       
affections4 ,that he did this in an     
eminent degree1 was not indeed owing to 
his lectures alone1      but also to his
 kind and generous conduct4 ,all who    
deserved      it were sure of his       
sympathy and assistance1 whether        
oppressed by intellectual difficulties1 
or pecuniary cares4      ,during the    
first year1 he delivered his lectures   
without      remuneration2 afterwards1  
on its being represented to him         
that this would be injurious to other   

professors who could      not afford to 
do the same1 he consented to take fees1 
but      employed them in assisting poor
 scholars and founding      prizes4 ,he 
often1 however1 still remitted the fee  
privately1      when he perceived that a
 young man could not well afford it1    
and never took any from friends4        
,but those who were admitted to his     
domestic circle were the      class most
 deeply indebted to him4 ,his interest  
in all      subjects of scientific or   
moral importance was always      lively2
 and it was impossible to be in his     
company without      deriving some      
accession of knowledge and incentive to 
good4      ,from his associates he only 
required a warm and pure heart      and 
a sincere love of knowledge1 with a     
freedom from      affectation or        
arrogance4 ,where he found these1 he    
willingly      adapted himself to the   
wants and capacities of his             
companions2 would receive objections    
mildly1 and take pains      to answer   

them1 even when urged by mere youths1   
and weigh      carefully every new idea 
presented to him4 ,he was fond of       
society1 and while his irritability not 
seldom gave rise to      slight         
misunderstandings and even temporary    
estrangements in      the circle of his 
acquaintance1 there were some friends   
with      whom he always remained on    
terms of unbroken intimacy1 among       
whom may be named ,professors ,brandis1 
,arndt1 ,nitzsch1 ,bleek1      ,naeke1  
,welcker1 and ,hollweg4 ,he enjoyed wit 
in others1 and in      his lighter moods
 racy and pointed sayings escaped him   
not      unfrequently4       ,his       
intercourse was not confined to literary
 circles4 ,in      all the civil affairs
 of the town and neighborhood he took   
an active interest from principle as    
well as inclination1      for he        
considered a man as no good citizen who 
refused to      take his share of the   
public business of the neighborhood in  
which he lived2 and the loss which left 

so great a blank in      the world of   
letters1 was also deeply regretted by   
his      fellow-townsmen of ,bonn4      
,niebuhr's mode of life at ,bonn was    
very regular1 and his habits simple4 ,he
 hated show and      unnecessary luxury 
in domestic life4 ,he loved art in her  
proper place1 but could not bear to see 
her degraded into      the mere minister
 of outward ease4 ,his life in his own  
family showed the erroneousness of the  
assertion that a      thorough devotion 
to learning is inconsistent with the    
claims of family affection4 ,he liked to
 hear of all the      little household  
occurrences1 and his sympathy was as    
ready      for the little sorrows of his
 children as for the      misfortunes of
 a nation4 ,he was in the habit of      
rising at      seven in the morning1 and
 retiring at eleven4 ,at the simple     
one o'clock dinner1 he generally        
conversed cheerfully upon      the      
contents of the newspapers which he had 
just looked      through4 ,the          

conversation was usually continued      
during the      walk which he took      
immediately afterwards4 ,the building of
 a      house1 or the planting of a     
garden1 had always an attraction        
for him1 and he used to watch the       
measuring of a wall1 or      the        
breaking open of an entrance1 with the  
same species of      interest with which
 he observed the development of a       
political organization4 ,the family     
drank tea at eight      o'clock1 when   
any of his acquaintance were always     
welcome4      ,but during the hours     
spent in his library1 his whole being   
was absorbed in his studies1 and hence  
he got through an      immense amount of
 work in an incredibly short time4      
,finally1 here is the death of the      
immortal historian3       ,the last     
political occurrence in which ,niebuhr  
was strongly      interested1 was the   
trial of the ministers of ,charles the  
,tenth2 it was indirectly the cause of  
his death4 ,he read the      reports in 

the ,french journals with eager         
attention2 and as      these newspapers 
were much in request at that time1 from 
the      universal interest felt in     
their contents1 he did not in           
general go to the public reading-rooms  
where he was      accustomed to see the 
papers daily1 until the evening4 ,on    
,christmas ,eve and the following day1  
he was in better health      and spirits
 than he had been for a long while1 but 
on the      evening of the #beth of     
,december he spent a considerable time  
waiting and reading in the hot          
news-room1 without taking off      his  
thick fur cloak1 and then returned home 
through the      bitter frosty night    
air1 heated in mind and body4 ,still    
full      of the impression made on him 
by the papers1 he went      straight to 
,classen's room1 and exclaimed1 ',that  
is true      eloquence6 ,you must read  
,sauzet's speech2 he alone declares     
the true state of the case2 that this is
 no question of law1      but an open   

battle between hostile powers6 ,sauzet  
must be no      common man6 ,but1' he   
added immediately1 ',i have taken a     
severe chill1 ,i must go to bed4' ,and  
from the couch which he      then       
sought1 he never rose again1 except for 
one hour1 two      days afterwards1 when
 he was forced to return to it quickly  
with warning symptoms of his approaching
 end4       ,his illness lasted a week1 
and was pronounced1 on the      fourth  
day1 to be a decided attack of          
inflammation on the      lungs4 ,his    
hopes sank at first1 but rose with his  
increasing      danger and weakness2    
even on the morning of the last day he  
said1 ',i may still recover4' ,two days 
before1 his faithful      wife1 who had 
exerted herself beyond her strength in  
nursing      him1 fell ill and was      
obliged to leave him4 ,he then turned   
his face to the wall1 and exclaimed with
 the most painful      presentiment1    
',hapless house6 ,to lose father and    
mother at      once6' ,and to the       

children he said1 ',pray to ,god1       
children6      ,he alone can help us6'  
,and his attendants saw that he         
himself was seeking comfort and strength
 in silent prayer4      ,but when his   
hopes of life revived1 his active and   
powerful      mind soon demanded its    
wonted occupation4 ,the studies that    
had been dearest to him through life1   
remained so in death2      his love to  
them was proved to be pure and genuine  
by its      unwavering perseverance to  
the last4 ,while he was on his      sick
 bed1 ,classsen read aloud to him for   
hours the ,greek      text of the       
,jewish ,history of ,josephus1 and he   
followed the      sense with such ease  
and attention1 that he suggested        
several emendations in the text at the  
moment2 this may be      called an      
unimportant circumstance1 but it always 
appeared      to us one of the most     
wonderful proofs of his mental powers4  
,the last learned work in which he was  
able to testify his      interest1 was  

the description of ,rome by ,bunsen and 
his      friends1 which had just been   
sent to him2 the preface to the         
first volume was read aloud to him1 and 
called forth      expressions of        
pleasure and approbation4 ,he also asked
 for      light reading to pass the     
time1 but our attempts to satisfy       
him were unsuccessful4 ,a friend        
proposed the ',briefe eines             
,verstorbenen1' which was then making a 
great sensation2 but      he declined   
it1 faying he feared that its levity    
would jar      upon his feelings4 ,one  
of ,cooper's novels was recommended to  
him1 and excited his ridicule by its    
extraordinary verbiage2      he was much
 amused by trying an experiment he      
proposed1      which consisted in taking
 one period at hap-hazard on each       
page2 and by the discovery that this    
mode of reading did      little violence
 to the connection of the story4 ,the   
',colnishe ,zeitung' was read aloud to  
him up to the last day1      with       

extracts from the ,french and other     
journals4 ,he asked      for them       
expressly1 only twelve hours before his 
death1 and      gave his opinion half in
 jest about the change of ministry      
in ,paris4 ,but on the afternoon of the 
#ast of ,january1 #ahca1      he sank   
into a dreamy slumber2 once on          
awakening1 he said      that pleasant   
images floated before him in sleep2 now 
and      then he spoke ,french in his   
dreams2 probably he felt himself      in
 the presence of his departed friend ,de
 ,serre4 ,as the      night gathered1   
consciousness gradually faded away2 he  
woke      up once more about midnight1  
when the last remedy was                
administered2 he recognized in it a     
medicine of doubtful      operation1    
never resorted to but in extreme cases1 
and said      in a faint voice1 ',what  
essential substance is this8 ,am ,i so  
far gone8' ,these were his last words2  
he sank back on his      pillow1 and    
within an hour his noble heart had      

ceased to      beat4       ,niebuhr's   
wife died nine days after him1 on the   
#aath of the      same month1 about the 
same hour of the night4 ,she died1 in   
fact1 of a broken heart1 though her     
disease was1 like his1      an          
inflammation of the chest4 ,she could   
shed no tears1      though she longed   
for them1 and prayed ,god to send them2 
once her eyes grew moist1 when his      
picture was brought to      her at her  
own request1 but they dried again1 and  
her heavy      heart was not relieved4  
,she had her children often with her1   
particularly her son1 and gave them her 
parting counsels4      ,and so her      
loving and pure soul went home to ,god4 
,both rest      in one grave1 over which
 the present ,king of ,prussia has      
erected a monument to the memory of his 
former instructor      and counsellor4  
,the children were placed under the care
 of      ,madame ,hensler1 at ,kiel4    
,our copious extracts from the          
biographic portion of the work will     

amply satisfy the mind of any one who   
needs more than report to convince him  
of the tact and good taste which have   
presided over the transformation of     
,madame ,hensler's ,lebensnachrichten   
into a readable and interesting book1   
which is likely to be read for years as 
the best ,english record of a life that 
will be looked back upon with interest  
by all posterity4  ,,footnotes3  #bj    
,the ,life and ,letters of ,barthold    
,george ,niebuhr2 with ,essays on his   
,character and ,influence1 by the       
,chevalier ,bunsen and ,professors      
,brandis and ,loebell4 ,two volumes4    
,chapman  ,hall4     ,from ,household   
,words4  ,,picture ,,advertising ,,in   
,,south ,,america4   ,the concentrated  
wisdom of nations used formerly to be   
sought for in their proverbs2 we look   
for it now-a-days in their newspapers4  
,whether we always find what we seek1 in
 this respect1 may be a question2 but   
something is sure to turn up in them    
that will repay the search1 though the  

leading article1 the records of         
parliament and of law1 or even the      
letters of our own correspondent1 may   
fail to disclose it4 ,the intelligent   
reader will at once see that we point to
 the advertising columns1 but we are not
 going to inflict an epitome of the     
first and second pages of the ,times1 or
 present an abstract of its ,supplement1
 characteristic of our country as the   
result might prove4 ,we purpose to go   
somewhat further afield1 and tread upon 
ground hitherto unbroken4 ,a file of    
,south ,american newspapers has         
suggested to us that it might prove     
amusing1 if not instructive1 to describe
 the wants and wishes1 the habits of    
life1 and something of the pervading    
tone of society1 in certain parts of    
that hemisphere1 as shown in the        
advertisements of the periodical        
journals4 ,we have selected the city of 
,buenos ,ayres for this illustration1   
and turn at once to our file4  ,the     
political feature is absent here1 for   

where men have always arms in their     
hands to establish a new ,constitution1 
or destroy an old one1 they look        
elsewhere than to a newspaper           
advertisement for the arena wherein to  
exhibit their valor or patriotism4      
,their ,london ,tavern1 their ,town     
,hall1 their ,copenhagen ,fields1 or    
,bull-ring1 are to be found on their    
wide-spreading ,pampas1 or in the       
fastnesses of their ,sierras1 with the  
lasso at the saddle-bow1 the sharp spur 
on the heel1 the trabrigo 7carbine7 in  
the holster1 and the lance or sabre in  
the grasp4 ,these politicians have no   
time for reading or writing             
advertisements1 nor would it answer any 
very useful purpose if they did4 ,the   
only attempt that is ever made to catch 
the patriotic eye1 is where a formal    
notice is issued by the authorities1    
touching taxes1 or a muster of militia  
for some peaceful end2 on these         
occasions1 a ,viva la ,federation6      
7,long live the ,confederation67 appears

 at the head of the advertisement       
announcing the fact2 and when it has a  
quasi-military character attached to it1
 the portrait of an infantry soldier    
under arms1 in white tights1 ,hessian   
boots1 crossbelts1 stiff stock1 and     
ponderous chako 7none of them very      
pleasant things to think of in latitude 
thirty-four degrees south1 with the     
thermometer ninety-six in the shade71 is
 invariably added4 ,but the             
confederation is not appealed to merely 
because the nature of the advertisement 
may seem to require it2 we find the same
 heart-stirring refresher associated    
with ass's milk1 live turtle1 runaway   
slaves--with everything1 indeed1 that   
has an interest for the community1      
portable or edible1 necessary to its    
comfort1 or serviceable to its desires4 
,but if liberty has very little claim on
 the advertising columns of a newspaper 
in ,buenos ,ayres1 there is a large     
set-off in favor of slavery4 ,the papers
 teem with notices concerning that      

portion of the people who have the      
misfortune not to belong to themselves4 
,and here it may be desirable to advert 
to a feature which is essential to the  
success of an advertisement in ,south   
,america2 it must be pictorial4 ,our own
 country newspapers1 and most of the    
continental ones1--those of our         
,parisian friends in particular1--show  
us what can be done in this way2 but    
they do not elaborate their subject     
after the manner of the                 
,buenos-,ayreans4 ,with them the        
advertisement must have a double chance2
 they who can read may enjoy the        
advantages of a liberal education in    
plain type2--they who have not been     
introduced to the schoolmaster may      
gather the meaning of the noticia from  
the greater or less striking resemblance
 of the object advertised to the woodcut
 which illustrates it4 ,it is true1 a   
difficulty may sometimes arise in the   
latter case1 owing to an economical     
employment of the same block to         

represent a great variety of actions2   
the same slave is always in the attitude
 of a fugitive1 whether he be described 
as running away with all his might1 or  
quietly standing still to be sold2 the  
same horse is always in a high trotting 
condition1 whether he be supposed to    
career across the plain1 or hold up a   
foot to be shod2 the same bull has      
always his head bent down1 with the same
 mischievous poke of the horns1 whether 
he be advertised for slaughter or       
recommended for sport4  ,a cook who     
might make a pudding with quick-lime    
instead of flour1 and instead of a      
bath-brick send in a real one1 would not
 accord with the notions of an ,english 
housewife4 ,female slaves who are to be 
sold1 are represented as like to        
,atalanta1 as the males are to          
,hippomenes4 ,they1 too1 attired in a   
long night-gown1 which has very much the
 look of impeding their flight1 are     
always bolting with a bundle1 which     
probably contains the bonnet they never 

appear in1 or the shoes they are not    
supposed to wear4 ,in like manner1 if   
you wish to buy 7se desca comprar7 a    
slave1 of either sex1 you do so with    
your eyes open2 for the great           
probability that the new purchase will  
vanish on the first favorable           
opportunity1 is vividly get forth in the
 woodcut that speaks for all4 ,the      
prices are tolerably high1--a boy1 as we
 have seen1 fetches nine hundred        
dollars2 a woman-servant 7una criada71  
fifteen hundred2 and a man in the prime 
of his age1--for manual labor1--eighteen
 hundred1 or two thousand4 ,what a      
fortune ,louis ,napoleon might make1 if 
he could establish a market-value for   
those whom he proscribes6 ,m4 ,thiers   
would then be worth four hundred pounds6
  ,the next step is to religion1--or1 at
 least1 to its forms and ceremonies4 ,we
 see the vignette of an altar-table1    
covered with a fair cloth1 whereon stand
 a crucifix1 and a pair of long waxen   
tapers1 in full blaze1 a holy-water pot1

 and a sprinkling-brush1 are placed     
beside the table1 beneath which is      
spread a handsome carpet4 ,so much for  
the emblem2 now for the text3           
,dona ,agustina ,lopez de ,rosas1 the   
citizens ,don ,prudencio      and ,don  
,gervacio ,ortiz de ,rosas1 and others1 
brothers1 wife1      and sons of the    
deceased ,don ,leon ,ortiz de ,rosas    
7,q4,e4,p4,d471      invite those       
gentlemen who1 by accident1 have not    
received      notes of invitation1 to   
accompany them to pray to ,god for      
mercy on the soul of the aforesaid      
deceased1 in the      ,cathedral        
,church1 at ten o'clock of the #bjth of 
,march      current1 by which they will 
feel under infinite obligation4  ,the   
next is a more than half-obliterated    
impression of an image of the sun1      
partly obscured by clouds1 with the     
obligato crucifix in the midst1 headed  
,ave ,maria2--it is the third           
advertisement 7tercer aviso71 and is    
addressed by the ,superiors             

7,mayordomos7 of the most ,holy ,rosary 
to all faithful and devout sons of the  
most holy ,mary4  ,the text of this     
address we need not give2 the substance 
will be sufficient4 ,it tells the       
history of the completion of the two    
naves and other parts of the church of  
the ,patriarch ,san ,domingo1 which have
 been painted1 whitewashed1 and         
otherwise decorated1 in the sight of all
 the faithful 7a la vista de todos los  
fieles71 and--to make a long story      
short--money is wanted to make it what  
the priests wish it1 and' therefore the 
superiors intend to stand daily in the  
chief porch to receive subscriptions1   
the smallest sums being--as in ,england1
 and every where else--most gratefully  
received4  ,the mortuary advertisements 
are not absolutely a transition from    
praying to purse-taking2 only a variety 
of the same general mode of dealing4 ,we
 select two of these3--,in the first1 we
 behold a lady in the full-dress evening
 costume of the ,empire1 with a very    

short waist1 and very little drapery    
above it1 leaning pensively against a   
funereal monument2 an embroidered       
pocket-handkerchief being placed beneath
 one elbow1 to protect it from the cold 
marble2 in her left hand she carries a  
substantial wooden cross1 which is held 
so as to fall over the shoulder2 a      
weeping willow on the opposite side to  
the mourning lady balances the          
composition4 ,below the picture is the  
announcement that ,funereal letters     
7,esquelas de ,funerales7 of every      
tasteful description1 engraved as well  
as lithographic1 and at a very moderate 
price1 are to be obtained at the        
printing-office of the ,mercantile      
,gazette1 in the street of ,cangallo1   
,no4 #ge1 where designs of all kinds    
maybe seen4 ,the second is more sombre  
in outward show1 but less applicable to 
the general business of the advertiser4 
,it is headed1 ,interesting to all whom 
it may concern4 7,interesante a quienes 
conguenga47 ,we have here a very black  

tree1 a very black tombstone1 and a very
 black sky2 the outline of the two      
former relieved by gleams of light from 
a very full moon2 and having gazed our  
fill on these melancholy objects1 are   
told that--,in the street of ,victory1  
at ,no4 #fc-a_/b1 at all hours of the   
day1 an individual is to be met with who
 undertakes to supply every description 
of cards or notes of invitation1 whether
 for funerals or any other kind of      
entertainment2 he undertakes at the same
 time to serve those gentlemen who may  
honor him with their orders1 with the   
very best goods1 c41 after the approved 
fashion of advertisers all over the     
globe4  ,natural history affords the    
,buenos-,ayreans great scope for their  
artistical genius4 ,don ,federico ,costa
 announces a grand spectacle of wild    
beasts2 and that there may be no mistake
 about what he has to show1 he heralds  
his collections with the full-length    
portrait of an ,uran-utan 7,orangutan71 
which he describes as a native of       

,africa4 ,this interesting animal is    
seated on a bank1 with a large stick in 
one hand1 looking over his shoulder1 and
 displays an endless amount of fingers  
and toes2 the greater the number1 the   
nearer1 in ,don ,federico's opinion1 the
 creature's approach to humanity4 ,there
 is a wonderful bit of shadow thrown    
from one of the ,uran-utan's legs1 which
 puts one in mind of the footprint that 
so startled ,robinson ,crusoe2 and1     
indeed1 the general appearance of the   
animal is not unlike some of the earlier
 portraits of that renowned mariner1    
only nature has done for the ,uran-utan 
what art and goat-skins accomplished for
 the solitary of ,juan ,fernandez4  ,the
 moral attributes of ,don ,federico's   
pet are strongly insisted upon in the   
advertisement1--his excellent           
disposition1 the ingenuity of his mind1 
and 7included in la moral7 the          
surprising dexterity with which he      
scoops out the contents of a cocoa-nut  
in a manner most pleasing 7muy          

agradable7 to the beholders4 ,his       
companions in captivity are porcupines1 
tiger-cats1 ounces1 armadillos1 and a   
number of animals bearing local names1  
besides divers snakes of different      
colors1 two thousand well-preserved     
insects1 and1 finally1 7por ultimo17 a  
collection of antiquities from ,mexico4 
,the price of admission is two          
reales--the universal shilling2 and     
children1 in ,buenos ,ayres1 as in      
,london1 are admitted for half-price4   
,a livelier turtle than that which is   
figured for the edification of the      
gourmands who frequent the ,hotel of    
,liberty in the street of the #beth of  
,may1 it would be difficult to find even
 in the celebrated cellars of           
,leadenhall-street4 ,if we were wholly  
unacquainted with the domestic habits of
 these scaly delicacies1 we might easily
 imagine1 from the picture here given1  
that the way a turtle gets over the     
ground is by flying1 his outstretched   
feet and flippers serving him for wings4

 ,this advertisement is brief1--on the  
principle that good wine needs no bush4 
,we are merely informed that            
turtle-soup1 cutlets1 and broiled fins1 
are to be had from mid-day till sunset4 
,there is no occasion for the hotel     
proprietor to waste his money in        
commending wares such as these4 ,the    
picture and the hour of consummation    
would have been enough4  ,it is well    
that invalids should be told1 that at   
,no4 #gf1 in the ,street of ,maipu1 the 
milk of an ass recently confined is     
always on sale2 but the woodcut attached
 to the advertisement makes the fact    
appear doubtful2 for a sturdier male    
animal than the burro there depicted1   
was never painted by ,morland or        
,gainsborough4 ,this1 however1 may arise
 from the necessity which exists for one
 of a sort doing duty for all4 ,but     
there is another singularity in this    
advertisement4 ,with no line to indicate
 a fresh subject1 as is the case in     
every other instance1 the portrait of   

the ass is always followed by the words 
,long live the ,confederation6 ,death to
 the ,unitarians6 ,these lines have     
puzzled us2 and we hesitate to give the 
only explanation that strikes us3       
something disrespectful1 in short1 to   
the ,confederation of ,buenos ,ayres4   
,it is not only the slaves that run away
 in that part of ,south ,america3 the   
infection extends to dogs1 horses1 and  
oxen1 all of which1 like ,caliban1 seem 
for ever on the look out to have a new  
master1 get a new man1 to hunt1 ride1 or
 drive them4 ,there is a daily column1  
headed ,perdida1 in which long-tailed   
horses1 with flowing manes1 pointers in 
immovable attitudes1 for ever pointing1 
and sinister-looking                    
bulls--thorough-paced gamblers1 always  
ready for pitch-and-toss--are advertised
 as having left their owners1 who strive
 to win them back by rewards varying    
twenty to fifty dollars4 ,in all these  
cases the missing animals are described 
as having disappeared 7desaparecido7--a 

mild term for stolen2 it being the      
,spanish custom to refrain from wounding
 ears polite--except when the blood is  
up2 then1 indeed1 they may take the     
field against ,uncle ,toby's army1 that 
swore so terribly in ,flanders4  ,this  
delicate mode of appealing to the       
consciences of thieves--which1 carried  
fairly out1 would probably bear a strong
 resemblance in the end to the          
politeness of ,mr4 ,chucks--is extended 
to property of all kinds4 ,a large      
watch1 of the genus turnip1 the hands   
pointing to half-past eleven1 the time1 
perhaps1 when the robbery is supposed to
 have taken place1 and accompanied by   
the expressive word ,ojo 7look sharp7   
thrice repeated1 indicates1 what the    
advertisement soon plainly tells1 that  
from ,no4 #fi1 in ,emerald-street1 there
 have disappeared a valuable lot of     
articles1 which give a very good idea of
 the turn-out of a well-mounted horseman
 in ,south ,america4 ,there are1 first1 
several pairs of large silver spurs--and

 a pair of ,spanish spurs1 when melted  
down1 would make a decent service of    
plate1--quite enough for a testimonial  
to ourselves2 and then come braided     
headstalls and bridles1 with twisted    
chains and cavessons of silver2 the     
reins hung with silver-bells1 and       
decorated with silver bosses1 and the   
bits and curbs heavily mounted with the 
same costly metal4 ,this robbery has    
been evidently a put-up thing1 for there
 is no word of housebreaking1--merely a 
disappearance2 and all silversmiths1    
pawnbrokers1 and the public in general1 
are entreated 7se suplica a los1 c47 to 
detain the article1 if offered1 and a   
reward of two hundred dollars will be   
given4 ,perhaps the gentlemen who caused
 the horses to disappear have taken this
 mode of procuring caparisons6          
,quack-medicine vendors are not wanting 
in ,buenos ,ayres to render important   
services to humanity4 ,two magnificent  
cut-glass decanters1 gigantic in        
proportion to a tree of wondrous virtues

 which stands between them1 are stated  
to be full of a healing medicine1 which 
will do the business of all whom the    
faculty have given up or are otherwise  
incurable1 as effectually as ,parr's    
,life ,pills or ,holloway's ,ointment4  
,the chief establishment for the sale of
 this elixir is very carefully pointed  
out2 and for the benefit of future      
travellers we may mention1 that it is to
 be found at ,no4 #dif in the street of 
,cangallo1 and in the very last door on 
the left-hand side1 behind the windmill2
 and that in the court-yard of the house
 there is a garden filled with statues1 
of which the originals are probably     
defunct2 but whether the elixir out of  
the two large decanters had any thing to
 do with this apotheosis1 we refrain    
from conjecturing4  ,the preceding      
advertisements are the most noticeable  
for embellishment and style4 ,the       
ordinary kind of wants are set forth    
with woodcuts and text of a less        
striking kind1 but almost all are       

illustrated4 ,wine has a barrel for its 
sign2 music1 a violin2 travelling1 a    
carriage2 gardening1 a flower-pot2      
upholstery1 a chair2 the cobbler's      
mystery1 a top-boot2 the hatter's1 a    
beaver2 and the letter of lodgings1 a   
house full of windows4 ,not all of them 
are confined to the ,spanish language1  
for there are many ,english merchants   
and traders2 and to accommodate the     
last1 a notice like the following       
recommends the aforementioned ,street of
 ,piety3       ,to ,det4 ,to roms in    
altos one ,squaz from the ,place of     
,victory4  ,the author of this          
announcement certainly had not achieved 
a victory over the ,english language4   
,from the ,london ,examiner4  ,,guizot  
,,and ,,montalembert4   ,the greatest   
novelty now in ,paris is a speech4 ,any 
specimen of oratory that the police will
 first allow to be spoken1 and then to  
be printed1 is quite an attraction4     
,indeed there is but one remaining      
chance of perpetrating a speech1 and    

that is by achieving your election as a 
member of the ,institute1 or being      
appointed as an old member to welcome   
the newly-elected academician4 ,these   
are the only legitimate opportunities   
for making one's voice heard in public  
that ,m4 ,bonaparte's code has left to  
the ,frenchman4  ,in pursuance of this  
solitary permission on the part of the  
authorities1 the ,paris journals have   
contained reports of two remarkable     
speeches1 the one uttered by ,count     
,montalembert on his being elected to   
the seat in the ,academy1 rendered      
vacant by the death of ,m4 ,droz2 the   
other spoken by ,m4 ,guizot1 in the form
 of an address of welcome to the new    
academician1 ,m4 de ,montalembert4 ,now 
in the speeches of these1 the first     
authorized orators of the new despotic  
regime1 we find so little to awaken the 
susceptibilities of even ,m4            
,bonaparte's police1 that we have heard 
with unaffected wonder of the scissors  
of the censorship having been applied   

even to them4 ,the philosophy of the    
speeches is terribly ,conservative4 ,m4 
,bonaparte himself could have desired no
 other4 ,if his highness the ,president 
had embraced the two academicians after 
their speeches1 and decorated them with 
the ,grand ,cordon of his new ,order1 it
 would have been but a tribute justly   
due to these lay preachers of           
absolutism4  ,eulogy of ,droz was the   
theme which afforded ,count             
,montalembert the opportunity to        
ventilate his opinions1 as ,m4 ,guizot's
 theme was the eulogy of ,montalembert4 
,montalembert depicted how ,droz1 who   
had reached youth at the commencement of
 the great revolution1 joined in all its
 theories1 its hopes1 and its excesses1 
anathematizing kings and priests1 and   
believing in the happy and final reign  
of pure democracy2 and how all this the 
same ,droz lived to unlearn and to      
correct1 and to settle down as quiet and
 as arrant a ,conservative as ever      
supported monarchic government and a    

restored church4 ,this is the true path 
of repentance1 exclaimed ,montalembert1 
and the only road to wisdom4  ,the      
compliment to tergiversation1 which ,m4 
,montalembert thus paid to ,droz1 ,m4   
,guizot applied to ,montalembert        
himself1 whom he 7,m4 ,guizot7 had      
remembered commencing his political     
career in full opposition1 thundering   
against corrupt majorities1 against     
kingly influence1 and even against that 
want of spirit which preferred being at 
peace with neighbors to provoking them4 
,but all that sort of constitutional    
opposition leads1 as the people have    
seen1 to the triumph of socialism2 and  
so all wise people1 like ,m4            
,montalembert1 naturally become sick of 
it1 and abandon it1 betaking themselves 
for a preference to the old political   
religion of legitimacy and worship of   
absolutism4 ,of all the national        
disgraces inflicted upon ,france by ,m4 
,bonaparte's triumph1 we know of none   
greater than such a hymn to servility1  

such anathemas and farewells to         
constitutional freedom1 uttered by these
 two ,talleyrands of the professorial   
and ecclesiastical schools1 who have    
been changing principles all their      
lives1 and now proclaim at last that    
absolutism is the only anchor to hold   
by4  ,on one point ,m4 ,montalembert    
impugned the philosophy of ,m4 ,droz1   
and in doing so impugned not less the   
opinion of ,m4 ,thiers1 and most of the 
eminent men who have written histories  
or judgments upon the great events of   
the ,revolution4 ,droz1 relating these  
events in after life1 saw in their march
 and series the influence of stern      
necessity4 ,such was the congregated    
mass of evils of all kinds produced by  
the long misgovernment of the despotism 
and corrupt regime of the ,bourbons1    
that a catastrophe like that of the     
,great ,revolution was1 according to    
,droz1 not to be avoided4 ,no human     
power could stop it1 no moderation1 no  
wisdom4 ,in its path men were like the  

mere vegetable growth of a valley down  
which a torrent comes in inundation1    
sweeping all before it4  ,but ,m4       
,montalembert1 for his own part1 has    
another way of viewing the events of the
 ,revolution4 ,he denies the doctrine of
 fatalism or of necessity4 ,he will not 
allow that the follies of the monarchy  
drew down after them the crimes of the  
,republic as a natural consequence4 ,he 
sees in all those events1 on the        
contrary1 a direct intervention of      
,providence1 who inflicted the          
sufferings of the ,revolution upon the  
,french simply as retribution for their 
crimes and a punishment for their sins4 
,providence1 in the imagination of      
,count ,montalembert1 is a ,nemesis with
 sword and scourge in hand1 exercising  
its chief duty in castigating humanity2 
and thus doth the ,french ,academy in   
the middle of the nineteenth century    
proclaim the philosophy of history4  ,m4
 ,guizot avoided the recognition of any 
assertion so extravagant as this1 and so

 very unfair to poor ,jaques ,bonhomme4 
,the crimes of the old monarchy were    
confined to the court1 the clergy1 the  
aristocracy1 and the financiers2 whereas
 the poor peasant was ground to poverty1
 yet a proverbially honest and cheerful 
fellow amidst his ignorance and         
privations4 ,but1 according to          
,montalembert1 ,providence sent the     
,revolution to punish the crimes of     
duchesses2 and this ,revolution         
decimated1 arrested1 and sent to perish 
all over the world poor ,jaques         
,bonhomme4 ,was this justice8 ,m4       
,guizot did not1 as we say1 endorse this
 portion of the ,montalembert           
philosophy4 ,but he warned the ,count of
 having in his early life made one grand
 mistake1 in allying religion with      
liberalism1 and putting the names of    
both combined on the banners of         
opposition4 ,m4 ,guizot could hardly    
mean that religion1 like fortune1 should
 be always on the side of the greatest  
number of battalions4 ,for should not   

this be the creed of ,m4 ,bonaparte1    
rather than of his illustrious          
,academicians8     ,from ,household     
,words4  ,,an ,,account ,,of ,,some     
,,treatment ,,of ,,gold ,,and ,,gems4   
,those who visit the metal works of     
,birmingham naturally desire to know    
where the metals come from2 and         
especially the precious metals4 ,among  
the materials shown to the visitor1 are 
drawers full of the brightest and       
cleanest gold2 and ingots of silver1    
pure1 or slightly streaked with copper4 
,we have handled to-day an ingot which  
contains1 to ninety-two ounces ten      
pennyweights of silver1 seven ounces ten
 pennyweights of copper4 ,we ask whether
 the gold comes from ,california2 but we
 find that it has just arrived--from a  
much nearer place--from a refinery next 
door4 ,we hear high praises of the      
,californian gold4 ,it is so pure that  
some of it can be used1 without         
refining1 for second-rate articles4     
,some small black specks may be detected

 in it1 certainly1 though they are so   
few and so minute1 that the native gold 
is wrought in large quantities4 ,but    
what is this neighboring refinery8      
,whence does it obtain the metals it    
refines8 ,let us go and see4  ,it is a  
strange murky place2 a dismal inclosure1
 with ugly sheds1 and yards not more    
agreeable to the eye4 ,its beauties come
 out by degrees1 as the understanding   
opens to comprehend the affairs of the  
establishment4 ,in the sheds1 are ranges
 of musty-looking furnaces2 some cold   
and gaping1 others showing1 through     
crevices1 red signs of fire within4     
,there are piles of blocks of coal1 of  
burnt ladles and peels1 and rivulets of 
black refuse1 which has flowed out from 
the furnaces into safe beds of red sand4
 ,in a special shed1 is a black         
moist-looking heap of what appears to be
 filth1 battened into the shape of a    
large compost bed4 ,a man is filling a  
barrow with this commodity1 and         
smoothing it down with loving care4 ,and

 well he may2 for this                  
despicable-looking dirt is the          
,california of the concern6 ,here is    
their gold mine1 and their silver mine1 
and their copper mine4 ,in another shed1
 is a mill-stone on edge1 revolving with
 the post to which it is fixed1 to crush
 the material which is to be calcined4  
,in the yard1 we see heaps of           
scoriae--the shining1 heavy1            
glassy-looking fragments1 which tell    
tales of the prodigious heat to which   
they have been subjected4 ,we see picks1
 and more ladles1 and lanterns1 and a   
most sordid-looking bonfire4 ,a heap of 
refuse is burning on the stones2 old    
rags1 fragments of shoes1 cinders1 dust1
 and nails--the veriest sweepings that  
can be imagined4 ,something precious is 
there2 but the mass must be burned to   
become manageable4 ,the ashes will be   
swept up for the refinery4  ,but what is
 it that yields gold1 and silver1 and   
copper1 and brass8 ,what is that heap of
 dirt in the special shed8 ,it is the   

sweepings of the ,birmingham            
manufactories4  ,what economy6 ,in all  
goldsmiths' shops every effort is made  
to save all the filings1 and the        
minutest dust of the metals used4 ,the  
floors are swept1 and every thing       
recoverable is picked up4 ,yet the      
imperceptible loss is so valuable to the
 refiners1 that they pay1 and pay high1 
for the scrapings1 sweepings1 and       
picking of the work-rooms4 ,a cart load 
of dirt is taken from a fork-and-spoon  
manufactory to the refinery1 and paid   
for on the instant2 and the money thus  
received is one of the regular items in 
the books of the concern4 ,perhaps it   
pays the wages of one of the workmen4   
,another establishment receives two     
hundred pounds a year for its sweepings4
 ,it is worth noting these methods in   
concerns which are flourishing1 and     
which have been raised to a prosperous  
condition by pains and care2 less       
flourishing people may be put in the way
 of similar methods4 ,for instance1 how 

good it would be for farmers if1 instead
 of thinking there is something noble in
 disregard of trifling economy1 they    
could see the wisdom and beauty of an   
economy which hurts nobody1 but benefits
 every body6 ,it would do no one any    
good to throw away these scattered      
particles of precious metal1 while their
 preservation affords a maintenance to  
many families4 ,in the same way1 the    
waste of dead leaves1 of animal manure1 
of odds and ends of time1 of seed1 of   
space in hedges1 in the great majority  
of farms1 does no good1 and gives no    
pleasure to any body2 while the same    
thrift on a farm that we see in a       
manufactory1 would sustain much life1   
bestow much comfort1 narrow no hearts1  
and expand the enjoyment of very many4  
,we must take care of our eyes when the 
ovens are opened--judging by the scarlet
 rays that peep out1 here and there1    
from any small crevice4 ,prodigious6    
,what a heat it is1 when1 by the turn of
 a handle1 a door of the furnace is     

raised6 ,the roasting1 or calcining1 to 
get rid of the sulphur1 is going on     
here4 ,the whole inside--walls1 roof1   
embers1 and all--are a transparent      
salmon-color4 ,as a shovel1 inserted    
from the opposite side1 stirs and turns 
the burning mass1 the sulphur appears   
above--a little blue flame1 and a great 
deal of yellow smoke4 ,we feel some of  
it in our throats4 ,we exclaim about the
 intensity of the heat1 declaring it    
tremendous4 ,but we are told that it is 
not so2 that1 in fact1 it is very       
cold--that furnace2 which shows us that 
there is something hotter to come4  ,the
 ,refiner's ,test is pointed out to     
us2--a sort of shovel1 with a spout1    
lined throughout with a material of     
burnt bones1 the only substance which   
can endure unchanged the heat necessary 
for testing the metals4 ,of this        
material are made the little crucibles  
that we see in the furnaces1 which our  
conductor admits to be rather warm4     
,there they are1 ranged in rows1 so     

obscured by the mere heat1 which        
confounds every thing in one glow1 that 
their circular rims are only seen by    
being looked for4 ,yet1 one little      
orifice1 at the back of this furnace1   
shows that even this heat can be        
exceeded4 ,that orifice is a point of   
white heat1 revealed from behind4 ,we do
 not see the metal in the crucibles2 but
 we know that it is simmering there4    
,one more oven is opened for us--the    
assay furnace1 which is at a white heat4
 ,as the smallest quantities of metal   
serve for the assay1 the crucibles are  
here on the scale of dolls' tea-things4 
,the whole concern of that smallest     
furnace looks like a pretty toy2 but it 
is a very serious matter--the work it   
does1 and the values it determines4     
,the metals1 which run down to the      
bottom1 in the melting furnaces1 are    
separated 7the gold and silver by       
aquafortis71 and cast in moulds1 coming 
out as ingots2 or1 in fragments1 of any 
shape they may have pleased to run into4

 ,some of the gold fragments are of the 
cleanest and brightest yellow4 ,other1  
no less pure1 are dark and brownish4    
,they are for gilding porcelain4        
,lastly1 we see a pretty curiosity4 ,in 
the counting-house1 a little glass      
chamber is erected upon a counter1 with 
an apparatus of great beauty--a pair of 
scales1 thin and small to the last      
degree1 fastened by spider-like threads 
to a delicate beam1 which is connected  
with an index1 sensitive enough to show 
the variation of the hundredth part of a
 grain4 ,the glass walls exclude        
atmospheric disturbance4 ,behind the    
rusty-looking doors were the white      
glowing crucibles2 within the drawers   
was the yellow gold2 and1 hidden in its 
glass house1 was the fairy balance4     
,now1 we will follow some of the gold   
and silver to a place where skilled     
hands are ready to work it curiously4   
,first1 however1 we may as well mention1
 in confidence to our readers1 that our 
feelings are now and then wounded by the

 injustice of the world to the          
,birmingham manufacturers4 ,we observe  
with pain1 that the very virtues of     
,birmingham manufacture are made matters
 of reproach4 ,because the citizens have
 at their command extraordinary means of
 cheap production1 and produce cheap    
goods accordingly1 the world jumps to   
the conclusion that the work must be    
deceptive and bad4 ,fine gentlemen and  
ladies give1 in ,london shops1 twice the
 price for ,birmingham jewelry that they
 would pay1 if no middlemen stood1      
filling their pockets uncommonly fast1  
between them and the manufacturer2 and  
they admire the solid value and great   
beauty of the work2 but1 as soon as they
 know where the articles were wrought1  
they undervalue them with the term      
,brummagem4 ,in the ,great ,exhibition  
there was a certain case of gold-work   
and jewelry1 rich and thorough in       
material and workmanship4 ,the contents 
of that case were worth many hundred    
pounds4 ,a gentleman and lady stopped to

 admire their contents4 ,the lady was so
 delighted with them that she supposed  
they must be ,french4 ,the gentleman    
reminded her that they were in the      
,british department4 ,after a while1    
they observed the label at the top of   
the case1 and instantly retracted their 
admiration4 ,oh6 said the gentleman1    
pointing to the label1 these are        
,brummagem ware--shams6 ,whatever may   
have been ,brummagem-gold-beating in    
ancient times1 and in days of imperfect 
art when long wars impeded the education
 of ,english taste1 it is mere ignorance
 to keep up the censure in these times4 
,it is merely accepting and retailing   
vulgar phrases without any inquiry1     
which is the stupidest form of          
ignorance4 ,perhaps some of the         
prejudice may be removed by a brief     
account of what a ,birmingham           
manufacture of gold chains is at this   
day4  ,twenty years ago1 the making of  
gold chains occupied a dozen or twenty  
people in ,birmingham4 ,now1 the        

establishment we are entering1 alone1   
employs probably eight times that       
number4 ,formerly1 a small master       
undertook the business in a little back 
shop3 drew out his wire with his own    
hands2 cut the devices himself2 soldered
 the pieces himself2 in short1 worked   
under the disadvantage of great waste of
 time1 of effort1 and of gold4 ,into the
 same shop more and more machinery has  
been since introduced as it was         
gradually devised by clever heads4 ,this
 machinery is made on the spot1 and the 
whole is set to work by steam4 ,few     
things in the arts can be more striking 
than the contrast between the murky     
chambers where the forging and          
grinding--the ,plutonic processes of    
machine-making--are going on1 and the   
upper chambers1 light and quiet1 where  
the delicate fingers of women and girls 
are arranging and fastening the cobweb  
links of the most delicate chain-work4  
,the whole establishment is most        
picturesque4 ,while in some speculative 

towns in our island great warehouses and
 other edifices have sprung up too      
quickly1 and are standing untenanted1 a 
rising manufacture like this cannot find
 room4 ,in the case before us1 more room
 is preparing4 ,a large steam-engine    
will soon be at work1 and the processes 
will be more conveniently connected4    
,mean time1 house after house has been  
absorbed into the concern4 ,there are   
steps up here1 and steps down there2 and
 galleries across courts2 and long      
ranges of low-roofed chambers2 and      
wooden staircases1 in yards2--care being
 taken1 however1 to preserve in the     
midst an isolated1 well-lighted chamber1
 where part of the stock is kept1 where 
some high officials abide1 and where    
there are four counters or hatches1     
where the people present themselves     
outside1 to receive their work4 ,all    
this has grown out of the original      
little back-shop4  ,below1 there is a   
refinery4 ,it is for the establishment  
alone2 but1 just like that we have      

already described--only on a smaller    
scale4 ,first1 the rolling-mill shows us
 its powers by a speedy experiment2--it 
flattens a halfpenny1 making it oblong  
at the first turn1 and1 by degrees1 with
 the help of some annealing in the      
furnace1 drawing it out into a long     
ribbon of shining copper1 which is      
rolled up1 tied with a wire1 and        
presented to us as a curiosity4 ,next1  
we see coils of thick round wire1 of a  
dirty white1 which we can hardly believe
 to be gold4 ,it is gold1 however1 and  
is speedily drawn out into wire4 ,then1 
there are cutting1 and piercing1 and    
snipping machines--all bright and       
diligent2 and the women and girls who   
work them are bright and diligent too4  
,here1 in this long room1 lighted with  
lattices along the whole range1 the     
machines stand1 and the women sit1 in a 
row--quiet1 warm1 and comfortable4 ,here
 we see sheets of soft metal 7for       
solder7 cut into strips or squares2     
here1 again1 a woman is holding such a  

strip to a machine1 and snipping the    
metal very fine1 into minute shreds1 all
 alike4 ,these are to be laid or stuck  
on little joins in the chain-work1 or   
clasps1 or swivel hinges1 where         
soldering is required4 ,next1 we find a 
dozen workwomen1 each at her machine1   
pushing snips of gold into grooves1     
where they are pierced with a pattern1  
or one or two holes of a pattern1 and   
made to fall into a receiver below4     
,each may take about a second of time4  
,farther on1 slender gold wire is       
twisted into links by myriads4 ,at every
 seat the counter is cut out in a       
semicircle1 whereby room is saved1 and  
the worker has a free use of her arms4  
,under every such semicircle hangs a    
leathern pouch1 to catch every particle 
that falls1 and to hold the tools4 ,on  
shelves every where are ranges of steel 
dies2 and larger pieces of the metal1   
for massive links or for clasps1 or for 
watch-keys and other ornaments1 are     
stamped from these4 ,on the whole1 we   

may say1 that in these lower rooms the  
separate pieces are prepared for being  
put together elsewhere4  ,that putting  
together appears to novices very        
blinding work2 but1 we are assured that 
it becomes so easy1 by practice1 that   
the girls could almost do it with their 
eyes shut4 ,in such a case we should    
certainly shut ours2 for they ache with 
the mere sight of such poking and       
picking1 and ranging of the white       
rings--all exactly like one another4    
,they are ranged in a groove of a plate 
of metal1 or on a block of pumice-stone4
 ,when pricked into a precise row1 they 
are anointed1 at their points of        
junction1 with borax4 ,each worker has a
 little saucer of borax1 wet1 and       
stirred with a camel-hair pencil4 ,with 
this pencil she transfers a little of   
the borax to the flattened point of a   
sort of bodkin1 and then anoints the    
links where they join4 ,when the whole  
row is thus treated1 she turns on the   
gas1 and1 with a small blow-pipe1       

directs the flame upon the solder4 ,it  
bubbles and spreads in the heat1 and    
makes the row of links into a chain4    
,there would be no end of describing the
 loops and hoops1 and joints and        
embossings1 which are soldered at these 
gas-pipes1 after being taken up by tiny 
tweezers1 and delicately treated by all 
manner of little tools4 ,suffice it1    
that here every thing is put together1  
and made ready for the finishing4 ,in   
the middle of one room is a counter1    
where is fixed the machine for twisting 
the chains--with its cog-wheels1 and its
 nippers1 whereby it holds one end of a 
portion of chain1 while another is      
twisted1 as the door-handle fixes the   
schoolboy's twine1 while he knots or    
loops his pattern1 or twists his cord4  
,here1 a little girl stands1 and winds a
 plain gold chain into this or that     
pattern1 which depends upon the         
twisting4  ,these ornaments of precious 
metal do not look very ornamental at    
present2 being of the color of dirty    

soap-suds1 and tossed together in heaps 
on the counters4 ,we are now to see the 
hue and brightness of the gold brought  
out4 ,we take up a chain1 rather        
massive1 and reminding us of some       
ornament we have somewhere seen2 but it 
is so rough6 and its flakes do not      
appear to fit upon each other4 ,a man   
lays it along the length of his left    
hand1 and files it briskly2 as he works1
 the soapy white disappears1 the polish 
comes out1 the parts fit together1 and  
it is1 presently1 one of those flexible1
 scaly1 smooth1 glittering chains that  
we have seen all our lives4 ,of course1 
the filings are dropped carefully into a
 box1 to go to the refinery4 ,there is1 
here1 a home-invented and home-made     
apparatus for polishing and cutting     
topazes1 amethysts1 bloodstones and the 
like1 into shield shapes1 for seals1    
watch-keys1 and ornaments of various    
kinds4 ,the strongest man's arm must    
tire2 but steam and steel need no       
consideration--so there go the wheels   

and the emery1 smoothing and polishing  
infallibly2 with a workman to apply the 
article1 and a boy to drop oil when     
screw or socket begins to scream4 ,this 
polishing and filing was such severe    
work1 in the lapidary department1 in    
former days1 that the nervous energy of 
a man's arm was destroyed--a serious    
grief to both worker and employer4 ,at  
this day1 it is understood that the     
lapidary is past work at forty1 from the
 contraction of the sinews of the wrist1
 consequent on the nature of his labor4 
,the period of disablement depends much 
on the habits of the men2 but1 sooner or
 later1 it is looked for as a matter of 
course4 ,here1 the wear and tear is     
deputed to that which has no nerve4 ,as 
the proprietor observes1 it requires no 
sympathy4  ,it may be asked how there   
comes to be any lapidary department     
here8 ,do we never see gold chains the  
links whereof are studded with          
turquoises1 or garnets1 or little specks
 of emerald8 ,are there no ruby drops to

 ladies' necklaces8--no jewelled toys   
hanging from gentlemen's watch-guards8  
,we see many of these pretty things     
here2 besides cameos for setting4       
,after the delicate little filings      
7which must be done by hand7 are all    
finished1 the articles must be well     
washed1 dried in box-wood sawdust1 and  
finally hand-polished with rouge4 ,the  
people in one apartment look grotesque  
enough--two women powdered over with    
rouge1 and men of various dirty hues1   
all dressed alike1 in an over-all       
garment of brown holland4 ,a washerwoman
 is maintained on the establishment     
expressly to wash these dresses on the  
spot--her soap-suds being preserved1    
like all the other washes1 for the sake 
of the gold-dust contained in them4 ,her
 wash-tubs are emptied1 like every thing
 else1 into the refinery4  ,in the final
 burnishing room1 we observe a row of   
chemists's globes--glass vases filled   
with water1 ranged on a shelf4 ,a       
stranger might guess long before he     

would find out what these are for4 ,they
 are to reflect a concentrated blaze    
from the gas-lights in the evening1 to  
point out specks and dimnesses1 to the  
eyes and fingers of the burnishers4     
,what curious finger-ends they          
have--those women who chafe the precious
 metals into their last degree of       
polish6 ,they are broad--the joint so   
flexible that it is bent considerably   
backwards when in use2 and the skin has 
a peculiar smoothness3 more mechanical1 
we fancy1 than vital4 ,however that may 
be1 the burnish they produce is         
strikingly superior to any hitherto     
achieved by friction with any other     
substance4  ,in departing1 the sense of 
contrast comes over us once more4 ,we   
have just seen all manner of elegancies 
in ornament1 from the classical and     
dignified to the minute1 fanciful1 and  
grotesque2 in going out1 we give a look 
to the unfinished engine-house1 and the 
smiths' shop4 ,all this hard work2 all  
those many dwellings thrown into one    

establishment2 all these scores of men1 
and women1 and children1 busy from      
year's end to year's end2 all those     
diggers far away in ,california2 all    
those lapidaries in ,germany2 all those 
engineers in their studies2 all those   
ironmasters in their markets2 all those 
miners in the bowels of the earth--all  
are enlisted in making gold chains2 and 
some of us have no more knowledge and no
 more thought than to call the product  
,brummagem shams6 ,well6 the price      
charged for them in ,london shops1 where
 they are as good as ,french1 is        
something real2 and it is a real comfort
 to think how swingingly some fine folks
 pay1 though the bulk of the profit     
comes1 not to the manufacturer1 but to  
the middlemen4 ,of these middlemen there
 are always two2 the factor and the     
shopkeeper--often more4 ,their          
intervention is very useful1 of course1 
or they would not exist2 but somebody or
 other makes a prodigious profit of     
,birmingham jewelry1 after it has left  

the manufacturer's hands4 ,it was only  
yesterday that we saw1 among a rich heap
 of wonderful things1 a pair of elegant 
bracelets--foreign pebbles1 beautifully 
set4 ,we were told the wholesale price  
they were to be sold for2 which was half
 the shop price4 ,the transference to   
the ,london shop was to cost as much as 
the whole of the previous processes3    
from the digging of the silver and the  
collecting of the pebbles1 through all  
the needful voyages and travels1 to the 
burnishing and packing at ,birmingham6  
,we have seen1 however1 something which 
may throw a little light on the         
prejudice against ,birmingham jewelry4  
,it is not conceivable that any one     
should despise such an establishment as 
we have been describing4 ,but1 we found 
ourselves1 the other day1 passing       
through a little dwelling where the     
housewife1 with a baby on her arm1 and  
where more than half-a-dozen children   
were housed2 and then crossing a little 
yard1 and mounting a flight of          

substantial brick steps with a stout    
hand-rail1 and entering the most curious
 little work-room we ever were in4 ,it  
would just hold four or five people1    
without allowing them room to turn round
 more than one at a time4 ,in one       
corner1 was a very small stove4 ,a      
lattice-window ran along the whole      
front1 and made it pleasant1 light1 and 
airy4 ,a work-bench or counter was      
scalloped out1 in the same way as in    
larger establishments1 so as to         
accommodate three workers in the        
smallest possible space4 ,the three     
workers had each his stool1 his leathern
 pouch on his knees1 and his gas-pipe4  
,a row of tools bristled along the whole
 length of the lattice2 and there was   
another row on a shelf behind4 ,the     
principal workman was the father of     
those many children below4 ,one son was 
at work at his elbow1 and the remaining 
workman was an apprentice4 ,this working
 jeweller was as thorough a gentleman1  
according to our notions1 as anybody we 

have seen for a long time past4 ,tall1  
stout1 and handsome2 collar white and   
stiff2 apron white and sound2 his whole 
dress in good repair2 his voice cheerful
 as his face2 his manner open and       
courteous2 his information exactly what 
we wanted4 ,we could not help wishing   
that some rural grandee1 who avows that 
he hates all manufacturers1 could see   
this fair specimen of an ,english       
handicraftsman4 ,as for his work1 he    
told us he supplies the factors to      
order4 ,it would not answer for him to  
keep a stock4 ,the factors would not buy
 what he should offer1 but dictate to   
him what he shall make4 ,fashions change
 incessantly1 and he has only to keep up
 with them as well as he can4 ,it is not
 for him to invent new patterns and get 
steel dies made for them2 but to get the
 same steel dies that other makers are  
procuring4 ,these dies are1 of course1  
for the metallic part of his work4 ,the 
boxes of lockets and hair brooches 7now 
vehemently in fashion71 and devices1 and

 colored stones1 he procures at the     
,french shops in the town2 and he showed
 us some variety of these1 ready for    
setting4 ,then came out the ,brummagem  
feature of the case2 showing us how the 
gold setting that he was                
preparing--perforating and filing--was  
to be backed by a blue stone4 ,he       
observed that it was not thought worth  
while to get costly stones for a purpose
 like that2 for blue glass would do as  
well4 ,i certainly thought so1          
considering that the stone was to be    
only the back-ground of his work4 ,of   
the specimens ,i saw in that airy little
 workshop1 some were in excellent taste1
 and all1 ,i believe1 of good           
workmanship4 ,these small masters are as
 punctilious about employing only       
regularly qualified workmen1 as any     
members of any guild in the country4    
,their journeymen must all have served  
an apprenticeship2 not only because they
 are thus best fitted for their         
business1 but because the value of      

apprenticeship is thus kept up2 and     
these small capitalists will not part   
with the advantage of having journeymen1
 under the name of apprentices1         
completely under their command during   
the last two or three years of their    
term4  ,one of the most remarkable      
sights1 to those who knew ,birmingham a 
quarter of a century ago1 is such a     
manufacture as that of ,messrs4 ,parker 
and ,acott's ever-pointed pencils4      
,those of us whose fathers were in      
business in the days of the war1 when   
the arts were not flourishing1 may      
remember the bulky pocket-book1 with its
 leather strap 7always shabby after the 
first month71 and its thick cedar       
pencil1 which always wanted cutting2    
always blackening whatever came near it2
 always getting used up2 the lead       
turning to dust at the most critical    
point of a memorandum4 ,there was a fine
 trade in cedar pencils at ,keswick in  
those days4 ,it seemed a tale too       
romantic to be true1 when we were told  

of ever-pointed pencils4 ,first1 we1 of 
course1 refused to believe in their     
existence2--what improvement have we not
 refused to believe in8 ,then1 when we  
found there was a screw in the case1 and
 that the pencil was not ever-pointed by
 a vital action of its own1 we were sure
 we should not like it4 ,we grew humble1
 and were certain we could never learn  
to manage it4 ,and now1 what have we not
 arrived at8 ,we are so saucy as to look
 beyond our improved pencils2 beyond pen
 and ink2 beyond our present need of a  
cumbrous apparatus to carry about with  
us2 ink that will spill and spot2 leads 
that will break and use up2 pens1 paper1
 syllables1 letters1 pot-hooks1 dots and
 crossings1 and all the process of      
writing4 ,perhaps the electric telegraph
 has spoiled us3 enabling us to imagine 
some process by which thoughts may      
record themselves2 some brief and       
complete method of making mems1 without 
the complicated process of writing down 
hundreds of letters1 and scores of      

syllables1 to preserve one single idea4 
,all this1 however1 is as romantic now  
as ever-pointed pencils seemed to be at 
first2 and instead of dreaming of what  
is not yet achieved1 let us look at the 
reality before our eyes4  ,here is      
something wonderful enough1 on our very 
entrance4 ,here is a silver pencil-case1
 neat and serviceable1 though not of the
 most elegant form2 handsome enough to  
have been praised for its looks1 thirty 
years ago4 ,this pencil-case carries two
 feet of lead4 ,it is intended to be the
 commercial traveller's joy and         
treasure4 ,it will last him his life1   
unless he take an unconscionable amount 
of orders4 ,unscrewing the top1 we see  
that the upper end of the tube is       
divided into compartments1--which look  
like the mouth of a revolver2 and here1 
protected from each other1 the leads are
 bestowed1 safe--despite their great    
length1 through their owner's roughest  
travelling4  ,some drawers in a counter 
are pulled out4 ,one is divided into    

compartments1 each of which holds a     
handful of something different from all 
the rest4 ,this drawer contains one     
hundred gross of pencil-cases in parts2 
the tube1 the rack and barrel1 the      
propelling wire1 the slide1 the top1 the
 various chambers1 and screws1 and      
niceties4 ,in another drawer1 there is a
 dazzling and beautiful heap of pure    
amethysts and topazes from far          
countries1 of vast aggregate value3 and1
 farther on1 we see the elegant onyx and
 white cornelian from ,south ,america 7a
 very recent importation71 and the      
sardonyx1 now in high favor for seals   
and the tops of pencil-cases4 ,its      
delicate layer of white upon red1 7or   
the reverse17 the undermost color coming
 out in the engraving1 makes it         
singularly fit for the purpose4 ,then1  
there is a paperful of small turquoises1
 which are poured out and handled like a
 sample of lentils4 ,these are from     
,persia2 and they have to be re-cut in  
,england1 the ,persian tools being of   

the roughest4 ,then1 there are          
bloodstones1 and pebbles out of number1 
and pints of glittering fragments of    
,californian gold2 rich materials tossed
 together1 to be drawn out for use at   
the bidding of capricious fashion2 for1 
fashion seems to be as capricious here1 
among these stones and ores that have   
required cycles of ages to compose1 as  
in the milliner's shop1 where the       
materials are drawn from the pods of a  
season and the insects of a summer4 ,on 
shelves against the walls1 are ranged   
rows and piles of steel dies1--that     
pretty and costly piece of apparatus1   
which we find in almost all these       
manufactories--together with the        
inexhaustible stamping and cutting      
machines1 the blow-pipe1 the borax1 and 
soft metal for solder1 the pumice-stone 
and wirebed1 the turning wheel1 the     
circular saw1 and the bath of diluted   
aquafortis1 and the pan of box-wood     
sawdust1 in which the pretty things are 
dried when they come out of pickle4     

,from buttons to epergnes1 we find this 
apparatus every where4 ,the steel dies  
are an everlasting study3 the block1    
like the conical weight of a pair of    
warehouse scales1 seeming very large for
 the little figure indented in the upper
 surface4 ,here1 in this manufactory1   
the figures are of the bugle1 a favorite
 form of watch-key--the deer's foot1 7a 
pretty study for the same purpose17 and 
a large variety of patterns--the tulip1 
the acanthus1 and other foliage1 flowers
 or fruit1 climbing up the summit of the
 pencil-case1 as if it were a little    
,corinthian capital4  ,and now for the  
process4 ,the silver or gold comes from 
the rolling-mill1 and is passed in slips
 through a series of draw-plates1 each  
smaller than the last1 and finally      
through the one which is to give it its 
fluted or other pattern4 ,soldering at  
the joint1 filing away the roughness    
left by the solder1 washing in an       
aquafortis bath come next4 ,a slit for  
the slide is then made2 the rims and    

screws and slides are added1 and you    
have a pencil-case complete4 ,we        
observed that a large proportion of the 
tops are hexagonal1 or of some angular  
form1 to prevent their rolling off the  
table4  ,some of the pencil-cases are so
 small1 and some of the watch-keys are  
so elaborate1 that it requires a        
moment's consideration to decide which  
is which2 and again1 ladies'            
crochet-needles1 of gold1 diversely     
ornamented1 are very like pencil-cases4 
,some of each kind are specked over with
 turquoise or garnets2 and all appear to
 be designed for ornament1 rather than  
for use4 ,it is quite a relief to turn  
the eye upon a shovelful of the yellow  
sawdust1 where substantial pencil-cases1
 fit for manly fingers1 are drying4 ,on 
the whole1 perhaps1 the most striking   
feature is the prodigious extent of the 
production4 ,we ask where all these can 
possibly go2 for a pencil-case is a     
thing which lasts half a century1 as the
 manufacturer himself observes4 ,these  

do not go to ,america2 for1 in such     
things1 the ,americans are our chief    
rivals4 ,they supply their own wants1   
and a good deal more4 ,we send our      
pencil-cases and trinkets over a good   
part of the world1 however2 and the     
caprice of fashion causes a great       
adventitious demand at home4 ,in reply  
to our remark about this vast           
production1 the manufacturer observes1  
,yes1 we cut up gold and silver as the  
year comes in1 and as the year goes out4
 ,something of a change1 this1 since the
 old days of cedar pencils6  ,here is a 
steel die with an elegant pyramidal     
pattern2 the half of a watch-key4 ,we   
see the inch of metal stamped2 and then 
another inch1 for the other half3 and   
then the filing and snipping of the     
edges2 and then the laying in of the    
solder inside2 and the binding together 
of the two halves with wire2 and the    
repose on the bed of wire on the        
pumice-stone1 to be broiled red-hot2 and
 the neat cleaning when cool2 the       

polishing1 and the leaving certain parts
 of the pattern dead1 while others are  
burnished2 and the firing of the steel  
cylinder at the point1 and the turning  
of the rims4 ,all this for a watch-key6 
,but1 we are shown another1 which does  
not look like anything very studied2 and
 we are told1 and are at once convinced1
 that it consists of no less than       
thirteen parts4 ,other keys1 which look 
more fanciful1 consist of ten1 eight1 or
 seven4 ,none are the simple affair that
 a novice would suppose1 now that we    
require the convenience of being able to
 wind up our watches without twisting   
the chain or ribbon with every turn of  
the key4  ,but we must leave these      
niceties2 the little pistols1 the deers 
feet1 the bugle-horns1 and all the      
dainty fancies embodied in watch-keys   
and knick-knacks4 ,here1 as elsewhere1  
every atom is saved1 of sweeping and    
wash2 and we now find ourselves1 writer 
and readers1 like the materials of which
 we have been speaking1 brought back1   

after all these various processes1 to   
the refinery from which we set out4     
,,my ,,novel3  ,,or1 ,,varieties ,,in   
,,english ,,life4#ba  ,,by ,,pisistratus
 ,,caxton4   ,,book ,x4-,,initial       
,,chapter4  ,it is observed by a very   
pleasant writer--read now-a-days only by
 the brave pertinacious few who still   
struggle hard to rescue from the ,house 
of ,pluto the souls of departed authors1
 jostled and chased as those souls are  
by the noisy footsteps of the living--it
 is observed by the admirable ,charron1 
that judgment and wisdom is not only the
 best1 but the happiest portion ,god    
,almighty hath distributed amongst men2 
for though this distribution be made    
with a very uneven hand1 yet nobody     
thinks himself stinted or ill-dealt     
with1 but he that hath never so little  
is contented in this respect4#bb  ,and1 
certainly1 the present narrative may    
serve in notable illustration of the    
remark so drily made by the witty and   
wise preacher4 ,for whether our friend  

,riccabocca deduce theories for daily   
life from the great folio of ,machiavel2
 or that promising young gentleman1 ,mr4
 ,randal ,leslie1 interpret the power of
 knowledge into the art of being too    
knowing for dull honest folks to cope   
with him2 or acute ,dick ,avenel push   
his way up the social ascent with a blow
 for those before1 and a kick for those 
behind him1 after the approved fashion  
of your strong ,new ,man2 or ,baron     
,levy--that cynical impersonation of    
,gold--compare himself to the ,magnetic 
,rock in the ,arabian tale1 to which the
 nails in every ship that approaches the
 influence of the loadstone fly from the
 planks1 and a shipwreck per day adds   
its waifs to the ,rock3 questionless1 at
 least1 it is1 that each of those       
personages believed that ,providence had
 bestowed on him an elder son's         
inheritance of wisdom4 ,nor1 were we to 
glance towards the obscurer parts of    
life1 should we find good ,parson ,dale 
deem himself worse off than the rest of 

the world in this precious              
commodity--as1 indeed1 he had signally  
evinced of late in that shrewd guess of 
his touching ,professor ,moss2--even    
plain ,squire ,hazeldean took it for    
granted that he could teach ,audley     
,egerton a thing or two worth knowing in
 politics2 ,mr4 ,stirn thought that     
there was no branch of useful lore on   
which he could not instruct the squire2 
and ,sprott1 the tinker1 with his bag   
full of tracts and lucifer matches1     
regarded the whole framework of modern  
society1 from a rick to a constitution1 
with the profound disdain of a          
revolutionary philosopher4 ,considering 
that every individual thus brings into  
the stock of the world so vast a share  
of intelligence1 it cannot but excite   
our wonder to find that ,oxenstiern is  
popularly held to be right when he said1
 ,see1 my son1 how little wisdom it     
requires to govern states2--that is1    
men6 ,that so many millions of persons1 
each with a profound assurance that he  

is possessed of an exalted sagacity1    
should concur in the ascendency of a few
 inferior intellects1 according to a    
few1 stupid1 prosy1 matter-of-fact rules
 as old as the hills1 is a phenomenon   
very discreditable to the spirit and    
energy of the aggregate human species6  
,it creates no surprise that one        
sensible watch-dog should control the   
movements of a flock of silly           
grass-eating sheep2 but that two or     
three silly grass-eating sheep should   
give the law to whole flocks of such    
mighty sensible watch-dogs--,diavolo6   
,dr4 ,riccabocca1 explain that1 if you  
can6 ,and wonderfully strange it is1    
that notwithstanding all the march of   
enlightenment1 notwithstanding our      
progressive discoveries in the laws of  
nature--our railways1 steam-engines1    
animal magnetism1 and                   
electro-biology--we have never made any 
improvement that is generally           
acknowledged1 since men ceased to be    
troglodytes and nomads1 in the          

old-fashioned gamut of flats and sharps1
 which attunes into irregular social    
jog-trot all the generations that pass  
from the cradle to the grave2--still1   
the desire for something we have not    
impels all the energies that keep us in 
movement1 for good or for ill1 according
 to the checks or the directions of each
 favorite desire4  ,a friend of mine    
once said to a millionaire1 whom he saw 
for ever engaged in making money which  
he never seemed to have any pleasure in 
spending1 ,pray1 ,mr4----1 will you     
answer me one question3 ,you are said to
 have two millions1 and you spend ,l#fjj
 a-year4 ,in order to rest and enjoy1   
what will content you8  ,a little more1 
answered the millionaire4  ,that little 
more is the mainspring of civilization4 
,nobody ever gets it6  ,philus1 saith a 
,latin writer1 was not so rich as       
,laelius2 ,laelius was not so rich as   
,scipio2 ,scipio was not so rich as     
,crassus3 and ,crassus was not so       
rich--as he wished to be6 ,if ,john     

,bull were once contented1 ,manchester  
might shut up its mills4 ,it is the     
little more that makes a mere trifle of 
the ,national ,debt6--,long life to it6 
,still1 mend our law-books as we will1  
one is forced to confess that knaves are
 often seen in fine linen1 and honest   
men in the most shabby old rags2 and    
still1 notwithstanding the exceptions1  
knavery is a very hazardous game2 and   
honesty1 on the whole1 by far the best  
policy4 ,still1 most of the ,ten        
,commandments remain at the core of all 
the ,pandects and ,institutes that keep 
our hands off our neighbors' throats1   
wives1 and pockets2 still1 every year   
shows that the parson's maxim--quieta   
non movere--is as prudent for the health
 of communities as when ,apollo         
recommended his votaries not to rake up 
a fever by stirring the ,lake ,camarina2
 still people1 thank ,heaven1 decline to
 reside in parallelograms2 and the      
surest token that we live under a free  
government is1 when we are governed by  

persons whom we have a full right to    
imply1 by our censure and ridicule1 are 
blockheads compared to ourselves6 ,stop 
that delightful privilege1 and1 by      
,jove6 sir1 there is neither pleasure   
nor honor in being governed at all6 ,you
 might as well be--a ,frenchman6        
,,chapter ,,ii4  ,the ,italian and his  
friend are closeted together4  ,and why 
have you left your home in ----shire8   
,and why this new change of name8       
,peschiera is in ,england4  ,i know it4 
,and bent on discovering me2 and1 it is 
said1 of stealing from me my child4  ,he
 has the assurance to lay wagers that he
 will win the hand of your heiress4 ,i  
know that too2 and therefore ,i have    
come to ,england--first to baffle his   
design--for ,i do not think your fears  
are exaggerated--and next to learn from 
you how to follow up a clue which1      
unless ,i am too sanguine1 may lead to  
his ruin1 and your unconditional        
restoration4 ,listen to me4 ,you are    
aware that1 after the skirmish with     

,peschiera's armed hirelings sent in    
search of you1 ,i received a polite     
message from the ,austrian government1  
requesting me to leave its ,italian     
domains4 ,now1 as ,i hold it the obvious
 duty of any foreigner1 admitted to the 
hospitality of a state1 to refrain from 
all participation in its civil          
disturbances1 so ,i thought my honor    
assailed at this intimation1 and went at
 once to ,vienna to explain to the      
,minister there 7to whom ,i was         
personally known71 that though ,i had1  
as became man to man1 aided to protect a
 refugee1 who had taken shelter under my
 roof1 from the infuriated soldiers at  
the command of his private foe1 ,i had  
not only not shared in any attempt at   
revolt1 but dissuaded1 as far as ,i     
could1 my ,italian friends from their   
enterprise2 and that because1 without   
discussing its merits1 ,i believed1 as a
 military man and a cool spectator1 the 
enterprise could only terminate in      
fruitless bloodshed4 ,i was enabled to  

establish my explanation by satisfactory
 proof2 and my acquaintance with the    
,minister assumed something of the      
character of friendship4 ,i was then in 
a position to advocate your cause1 and  
to state your original reluctance to    
enter into the plots of the insurgents4 
,i admitted freely that you had such    
natural desire for the independence of  
your native land1 that1 had the standard
 of ,italy been boldly hoisted by its   
legitimate chiefs1 or at the common     
uprising of its whole people1 you would 
have been found in the van1 amidst the  
ranks of your countrymen2 but ,i        
maintained that you would never have    
shared in a conspiracy frantic in       
itself1 and defiled by the lawless      
schemes and sordid ambition of its main 
projectors1 had you not been betrayed   
and decoyed into it by the              
misrepresentations and domestic         
treachery of your kinsman--the very man 
who denounced you4 ,unfortunately1 of   
this statement ,i had no proof but your 

own word4 ,i made1 however1 so far an   
impression in your favor1 and1 it may   
be1 against the traitor1 that your      
property was not confiscated to the     
,state1 nor handed over1 upon the plea  
of your civil death1 to your kinsman4   
,how1 ,i do not understand4 ,peschiera  
has the property8  ,he holds the        
revenues but of one half upon pleasure1 
and they would be withdrawn1 could ,i   
succeed in establishing the case that   
exists against him4 ,i was forbidden    
before to mention this to you2 the      
,minister1 not inexcusably1 submitted   
you to the probation of unconditional   
exile4 ,your grace might depend upon    
your own forbearance from farther       
conspiracies--forgive the word4 ,i need 
not say ,i was permitted to return to   
,lombardy4 ,i found1 on my arrival1     
that--that your unhappy wife had been to
 my house1 and exhibited great despair  
at hearing of my departure4  ,riccabocca
 knit his dark brows1 and breathed hard4
  ,i did not judge it necessary to      

acquaint you with this circumstance1 nor
 did it much affect me4 ,i believed in  
her guilt--and what could now avail her 
remorse1 if remorse she felt8 ,shortly  
afterwards ,i heard that she was no     
more4  ,yes1 muttered ,riccabocca1 she  
died in the same year that ,i left      
,italy4 ,it must be a strong reason that
 can excuse a friend for reminding me   
even that she once lived6  ,i come at   
once to that reason1 said ,l',estrange  
gently4 ,this autumn ,i was roaming     
through ,switzerland1 and1 in one of my 
pedestrian excursions amidst the        
mountains1 ,i met with an accident1     
which confined me for some days to a    
sofa at a little inn in an obscure      
village4 ,my hostess was an ,italian2   
and as ,i had left my servant at a town 
at some distance1 ,i required her       
attention till ,i could write to him to 
come to me4 ,i was thankful for her     
cares1 and amused by her ,italian       
babble4 ,we became very good friends4   
,she told me she had been servant to a  

lady of great rank1 who had died in     
,switzerland2 and that1 being enriched  
by the generosity of her mistress1 she  
had married a ,swiss innkeeper1 and his 
people had become hers4 ,my servant     
arrived1 and my hostess learned my name1
 which she did not know before4 ,she    
came into my room greatly agitated4 ,in 
brief1 this woman had been servant to   
your wife4 ,she had accompanied her to  
my villa1 and known of her anxiety to   
see me1 as your friend4 ,the government 
had assigned to your wife your palace at
 ,milan1 with a competent income4 ,she  
had refused to accept of either4        
,failing to see me1 she had set off     
towards ,england1 resolved upon seeing  
yourself2 for the journals had stated   
that to ,england you had escaped4  ,she 
dared6--shameless6 ,and see1 but a      
moment before1 ,i had forgotten all but 
her grave in a foreign soil--and these  
tears had forgiven her1 murmured the    
,italian4  ,let them forgive her still1 
said ,harley1 with all his exquisite    

sweetness of look and tone4 ,i resume4  
,on entering ,switzerland1 your wife's  
health1 which you know was always       
delicate1 gave way4 ,to fatigue and     
anxiety succeeded fever1 and delirium   
ensued4 ,she had taken with her but this
 one female attendant--the sole one she 
could trust--on leaving home4 ,she      
suspected ,peschiera to have bribed her 
household4 ,in the presence of this     
woman she raved of her innocence--in    
accents of terror and aversion1         
denounced your kinsman--and called on   
you to vindicate her name and your own4 
,ravings indeed6 ,poor ,paulina6 groaned
 ,riccabocca1 covering his face with    
both hands4  ,but in her delirium there 
were lucid intervals4 ,in one of these  
she rose1 in spite of all her servant   
could do to restrain her1 took from her 
desk several letters1 and reading them  
over1 exclaimed piteously1 ',but how to 
get them to him8--whom to trust8 ,and   
his friend is gone6' ,then an idea      
seemed suddenly to flash upon her1 for  

she uttered a joyous exclamation1 sat   
down1 and wrote long and rapidly2       
inclosed what she wrote1 with all the   
letters1 in one packet1 which she sealed
 carefully1 and bade her servant carry  
to the post1 with many injunctions to   
take it with her own hand1 and pay the  
charge on it4 ',for1 oh6' said she 7,i  
repeat the words as my informant told   
them to me7--'for1 oh1 this is my sole  
chance to prove to my husband that1     
though ,i have erred1 ,i am not the     
guilty thing he believes me2 the sole   
chance1 too1 to redeem my error1 and    
restore1 perhaps1 to my husband his     
country1 to my child her heritage4' ,the
 servant took the letter to the post2   
and when she returned1 her lady was     
asleep1 with a smile upon her face4 ,but
 from that sleep she woke again         
delirious1 and before the next morning  
her soul had fled4 ,here ,riccabocca    
lifted one hand from his face1 and      
grasped ,harley's arm1 as if mutely     
beseeching him to pause4 ,the heart of  

the man struggled hard with his pride   
and his philosophy2 and it was long     
before ,harley could lead him to regard 
the worldly prospects which this last   
communication from his wife might open  
to his ruined fortunes4 ,not1 indeed1   
till ,riccabocca had persuaded himself1 
and half persuaded ,harley1 7for strong1
 indeed1 was all presumption of guilt   
against the dead17 that his wife's      
protestations of innocence from all but 
error had been but ravings4  ,be this as
 it may1 said ,harley1 there seems every
 reason to suppose that the letters     
inclosed were ,peschiera's              
correspondence1 and that1 if so1 these  
would establish the proof of his        
influence over your wife1 and of his    
perfidious machinations against         
yourself4 ,i resolved1 before coming    
hither1 to go round by ,vienna4 ,there  
,i heard with dismay that ,peschiera had
 not only obtained the imperial sanction
 to demand your daughter's hand1 but had
 boasted to his profligate circle that  

he should succeed2 and he was actually  
on his road to ,england4 ,i saw at once 
that could this design1 by any fraud or 
artifice1 be successful with ,violante1 
7for of your consent1 ,i need not say1  
,i did not dream17 the discovery of this
 packet1 whatever its contents1 would be
 useless3 his end would be secured4 ,i  
saw also that his success would suffice 
for ever to clear his name2 for his     
success must imply your consent1 7it    
would be to disgrace your daughter1 to  
assert that she had married without it17
 and your consent would be his          
acquittal4 ,i saw1 too1 with alarm1 that
 to all means for the accomplishment of 
his project he would be urged by        
despair2 for his debts are great1 and   
his character nothing but new wealth can
 support4 ,i knew that he was able1     
bold1 determined1 and that he had taken 
with him a large supply of money1       
borrowed upon usury2--in a word1 ,i     
trembled for you both4 ,i have now seen 
your daughter1 and ,i tremble no more4  

,accomplished seducer as ,peschiera     
boasts himself1 the first look upon her 
face1 so sweet yet so noble1 convinced  
me that she is proof against a legion of
 ,peschieras4 ,now1 then1 return we to  
this all-important subject--to this     
packet4 ,it never reached you4 ,long    
years have passed since then4 ,does it  
exist still8 ,into whose hands would it 
have fallen8 ,try to summon up all your 
recollections4 ,the servant could not   
remember the name of the person to whom 
it was addressed2 she only insisted that
 the name began with a ,b1 that it was  
directed to ,england1 and that to       
,england she accordingly paid the       
postage4 ,whom1 then1 with a name that  
begins with ,b1 or 7in case the         
servant's memory here misled her7 whom  
did you or your wife know1 during your  
visit to ,england1 with sufficient      
intimacy to make it probable that she   
would select such a person for her      
confidant8  ,i cannot conceive1 said    
,riccabocca1 shaking his head4 ,we came 

to ,england shortly after our marriage4 
,paulina was affected by the climate4   
,she spoke not a word of ,english1 and  
indeed not even ,french as might have   
been expected from her birth1 for her   
father was poor1 and thoroughly         
,italian4 ,she refused all society4 ,i  
went1 it is true1 somewhat into the     
,london world--enough to induce me to   
shrink from the contrast that my second 
visit as a beggared refugee would have  
made to the reception ,i met with on my 
first--but ,i formed no intimate        
friendships4 ,i recall no one whom she  
could have written to as intimate with  
me4  ,but1 persisted ,harley1 think     
again4 ,was there no lady well          
acquainted with ,italian1 and with whom1
 perhaps1 for that very reason1 your    
wife became familiar8  ,ah1 it is true4 
,there was one old lady of retired      
habits1 but who had been much in ,italy4
 ,lady--,lady--,i remember--,lady ,jane 
,horton4  ,horton--,lady ,jane6         
exclaimed ,harley2 again6 thrice in one 

day--is this wound never to scar over8  
,then1 noting ,riccabocca's look of     
surprise1 he said1 ,excuse me1 my       
friend2 ,i listen to you with renewed   
interest4 ,lady ,jane was a distant     
relation of my own2 she judged me1      
perhaps harshly--and ,i have some       
painful associations with her name2 but 
she was a woman of many virtues4 ,your  
wife knew her8  ,not1 however1          
intimately--still1 better than any one  
else in ,london4 ,but ,paulina would not
 have written to her2 she knew that     
,lady ,jane had died shortly after her  
own departure from ,england4 ,i myself  
was summoned back to ,italy on pressing 
business2 she was too unwell to journey 
with me as rapidly as ,i was obliged to 
travel2 indeed1 illness detained her    
several weeks in ,england4 ,in this     
interval she might have made            
acquaintances4 ,ah1 now ,i see2 ,i      
guess4 ,you say the name began with ,b4 
,paulina1 in my absence1 engaged a      
companion2 it was at my suggestion--a   

,mrs4 ,bertram4 ,this lady accompanied  
her abroad4 ,paulina became excessively 
attached to her1 she knew ,italian so   
well4 ,mrs4 ,bertram left her on the    
road1 and returned to ,england1 for some
 private affairs of her own4 ,i forget  
why or wherefore2 if1 indeed1 ,i ever   
asked or learned4 ,paulina missed her   
sadly1 often talked of her1 wondered why
 she never heard from her4 ,no doubt it 
was to this ,mrs4 ,bertram that she     
wrote6  ,and you don't know the lady's  
friends or address8  ,no4  ,nor who     
recommended her to your wife8  ,no4     
,probably ,lady ,jane ,horton8  ,it may 
be so4 ,very likely4  ,i will follow up 
this track1 slight as it is4  ,but if   
,mrs4 ,bertram received the             
communication1 how comes it that it     
never reached--,o1 fool that ,i am1 how 
should it6 ,i1 who guarded so carefully 
my incognito6  ,true4 ,this your wife   
could not foresee2 she would naturally  
imagine that your residence in ,england 
would be easily discovered4 ,but many   

years must have passed since your wife  
lost sight of this ,mrs4 ,bertram1 if   
their acquaintance was made so soon     
after your marriage2 and now it is a    
long time to retrace--long before even  
your ,violante was born4  ,alas6 yes4 ,i
 lost two fair sons in the interval4    
,violante was born to me as the child of
 sorrow4  ,and to make sorrow lovely6   
how beautiful she is6  ,the father      
smiled proudly4  ,where1 in the loftiest
 house of ,europe1 find a husband worthy
 of such a prize8  ,you forget that ,i  
am still an exile--she still dowerless4 
,you forget that ,i am pursued by       
,peschiera2 that ,i would rather see her
 a beggar's wife--than--,pah1 the very  
thought maddens me1 it is so foul4      
,corpo di ,bacco6 ,i have been glad to  
find her a husband already4  ,already6  
,then that young man spoke truly8  ,what
 young man8  ,randal ,leslie4 ,how6 ,you
 know him8 ,here a brief explanation    
followed4 ,harley heard with attentive  
ear1 and marked vexation1 the           

particulars of ,riccabocca's connection 
and implied engagement with ,leslie4    
,there is something very suspicious to  
me in all this1 said he4 ,why should    
this young man have so sounded me as to 
,violante's chance of losing fortune if 
she married an ,englishman8  ,did he8   
,o1 pooh6 excuse him4 ,it was but his   
natural wish to seem ignorant of all    
about me4 ,he did not know enough of my 
intimacy with you to betray my secret4  
,but he knew enough of it--must have    
known enough to have made it right that 
he should tell you ,i was in ,england4  
,he does not seem to have done so4      
,no--that is strange2 yet scarcely      
strange--for1 when we last met1 his head
 was full of other things--love and     
marriage4 ,basta6 youth will be youth4  
,he has no youth left in him6 exclaimed 
,harley1 passionately4 ,i doubt if he   
ever had any4 ,he is one of those men   
who come into the world with the pulse  
of a centenarian4 ,you and ,i never     
shall be as old--as he was in           

long-clothes4 ,ah1 you may laugh2 but ,i
 am never wrong in my instincts4 ,i     
disliked him at the first--his eye1 his 
smile1 his voice1 his very footstep4 ,it
 is madness in you to countenance such a
 marriage2 it may destroy all chance of 
your restoration4  ,better that than    
infringe my word once passed4  ,no1 no1 
exclaimed ,harley2 your word is not     
passed--it shall not be passed4 ,nay1   
never look so piteously at me4 ,at all  
events1 pause till we know more of this 
young man4 ,if he be worthy of her      
without a dower1 why1 then1 let him lose
 you your heritage4 ,i should have no   
more to say4  ,but why lose me my       
heritage8  ,do you think the ,austrian  
government would suffer your estates to 
pass to this ,english jackanapes1 a     
clerk in a public office8 ,o1 sage in   
theory1 why are you such a simpleton in 
action8  ,nothing moved by this taunt1  
,riccabocca rubbed his hands1 and then  
stretched them comfortably over the     
fire4  ,my friend1 said he1 the heritage

 would pass to my son--a dowry only goes
 to the daughter4  ,but you have no son4
  ,hush6 ,i am going to have one2 my    
,jemima informed me of it yesterday     
morning2 and it was upon that           
information that ,i resolved to speak to
 ,leslie4 ,am ,i a simpleton now8       
,going to have a son1 repeated ,harley1 
looking very bewildered2 how do you know
 it is to be a son8  ,physiologists are 
agreed1 said the sage positively1 that  
where the husband is much older than the
 wife1 and there has been a long        
interval without children before she    
condescends to increase the population  
of the world--she 7that is1 it is at    
least as nine to four7--she brings into 
the world a male4 ,i consider that      
point1 therefore1 as settled1 according 
to the calculations of statistics and   
the researches of naturalists4  ,harley 
could not help laughing1 though he was  
still angry and disturbed4  ,the same   
man as ever2 always the fool of         
philosophy4  ,cospetto6 said            

,riccabocca1 ,i am rather the           
philosopher of fools4 ,and talking of   
that1 shall ,i present you to my        
,jemima8  ,yes2 but in turn ,i must     
present you to one who remembers with   
gratitude your kindness1 and whom your  
philosophy1 for a wonder1 has not       
ruined4 ,some time or other you must    
explain that to me4 ,excuse me for a    
moment2 ,i will go for him4  ,for       
him2--for whom8 ,in my position ,i must 
be cautious2 and--  ,i will answer for  
his faith and discretion4 ,meanwhile1   
order dinner1 and let me and my friend  
stay to share it4  ,dinner8 ,corpo di   
,bacco6--not that ,bacchus can help us  
here4 ,what will ,jemima say8           
,henpecked man1 settle that with your   
connubial tyrant4 ,but dinner it must   
be4  ,i leave the reader to imagine the 
delight of ,leonard at seeing once more 
,riccabocca unchanged1 and ,violante so 
improved2 and the kind ,jemima1 too4    
,and their wonder at him and his        
history1 his books and his fame4 ,he    

narrated his struggles and adventures   
with a simplicity that removed from a   
story so personal the character of      
egotism4 ,but when he came to speak of  
,helen1 he was brief and reserved4      
,violante would have questioned more    
closely2 but1 to ,leonard's relief1     
,harley interposed4  ,you shall see her 
whom he speaks of1 before long1 and     
question her yourself4  ,with these     
words1 ,harley turned the young man's   
narrative into new directions2 and      
,leonard's words again flowed freely4   
,thus the evening passed away1 happily  
to all save ,riccabocca4 ,but the       
thought of his dead wife rose ever and  
anon before him2 and yet when it did1   
and became too painful1 he crept nearer 
to ,jemima1 and looked in her simple    
face1 and pressed her cordial hand4 ,and
 yet the monster had implied to ,harley 
that his comforter was a fool--so she   
was1 to love so contemptible a slanderer
 of herself1 and her sex4  ,violante was
 in a state of blissful excitement2 she 

could not analyze her own joy4 ,but her 
conversation was chiefly with ,leonard2 
and the most silent of all was ,harley4 
,he sat listening to ,leonard's warm1   
yet unpretending eloquence--that        
eloquence which flows so naturally from 
genius1 when thoroughly at its ease1 and
 not chilled back on itself by hard1    
unsympathizing hearers--listened1 yet   
more charmed1 to the sentiments less    
profound1 yet no less                   
earnest--sentiments so feminine1 yet so 
noble1 with which ,violante's fresh     
virgin heart responded to the poet's    
kindling soul4 ,those sentiments of hers
 were so unlike all he heard in the     
common world--so akin to himself in his 
gone youth6 ,occasionally--at some high 
thought of her own1 or some lofty line  
from ,italian song1 that she cited with 
lighted eyes and in melodious           
accents--occasionally he reared his     
knightly head1 and his lips quivered1 as
 if he had heard the sound of a trumpet4
 ,the inertness of long years was       

shaken4 ,the ,heroic1 that lay deep     
beneath all the humors of his           
temperament1 was reached1 appealed to2  
and stirred within him1 rousing up all  
the bright associations connected with  
it1 and long dormant4 ,when he rose to  
take leave1 surprised at the lateness of
 the hour1 ,harley said1 in a tone that 
bespoke the sincerity of the compliment1
 ,i thank you for the happiest hours ,i 
have known for years4 ,his eye dwelt on 
,violante as he spoke4 ,but timidity    
returned to her with his words--at his  
look2 and it was no longer the inspired 
muse1 but the bashful girl that stood   
before him4  ,and when shall ,i see you 
again8 asked ,riccabocca disconsolately1
 following his guest to the door4       
,when8 ,why1 of course1 to-morrow4      
,adieu6 my friend4 ,no wonder you have  
borne your exile so patiently1--with    
such a child6  ,he took ,leonard's arm1 
and walked with him to the inn where he 
had left his horse4 ,leonard spoke of   
,violante with enthusiasm4 ,harley was  

silent4   ,,chapter ,,iii4  ,the next   
day a somewhat old-fashioned1 but       
exceedingly patrician1 equipage stopped 
at ,riccabocca's garden-gate4 ,giacomo1 
who1 from a bedroom window1 had caught  
sight of it winding towards the house1  
was seized with undefinable terror when 
he beheld it pause before their walls   
and heard the shrill summons at the     
portal4 ,he rushed into his master's    
presence1 and implored him not to       
stir--not to allow any one to give      
ingress to the enemies the machine might
 disgorge4 ,i have heard1 said he1 how a
 town in ,italy--,i think it was        
,bologna--was once taken and given to   
the sword1 by incautiously admitting a  
wooden horse1 full of the troops of     
,barbarossa1 and all manner of bombs and
 ,congreve rockets4  ,the story is      
differently told in ,virgil1 quoth      
,riccabocca1 peeping out of the window4 
,nevertheless1 the machine looks very   
large and suspicious2 unloose ,pompey4  
,father1 said ,violante1 coloring1 it is

 your friend1 ,lord ,l',estrange2 ,i    
hear his voice4  ,are you sure8  ,quite4
 ,how can ,i be mistaken8  ,go1 then1   
,giacomo2 but take ,pompey with         
thee--and give the alarm if we are      
deceived4  ,but ,violante was right2 and
 in a few moments ,lord ,l',estrange was
 seen walking up the garden1 and giving 
the arm to two ladies4  ,ah1 said       
,riccabocca1 composing his dressing-robe
 round him1 go1 my child1 and summon    
,jemima4 ,man to man2 but1 for ,heaven's
 sake1 woman to woman4  ,harley had     
brought his mother and ,helen1 in       
compliment to the ladies of his friend's
 household4  ,the proud ,countess knew  
that she was in the presence of         
,adversity1 and her salute to           
,riccabocca was only less respectful    
than that with which she would have     
rendered homage to her sovereign4 ,but  
,riccabocca1 always gallant to the sex  
that he pretended to despise1 was not to
 be outdone in ceremony2 and the bow    
which replied to the curtsey would have 

edified the rising generation1 and      
delighted such surviving relicts of the 
old ,court breeding as may linger yet   
amidst the gloomy pomp of the ,faubourg 
,st4 ,germain4 ,these dues paid to      
etiquette1 the ,countess briefly        
introduced ,helen1 as ,miss ,digby1 and 
seated herself near the exile4 ,in a few
 moments the two elder personages became
 quite at home with each other2 and     
really1 perhaps1 ,riccabocca had never1 
since we have known him1 showed to such 
advantage as by the side of his         
polished1 but somewhat formal visitor4  
,both had lived so little with our      
modern1 ill-bred age6 ,they took out    
their manners of a former race with a   
sort of pride in airing once more such  
fine lace and superb brocade4           
,riccabocca gave truce to the shrewd but
 homely wisdom of his proverbs--perhaps 
he remembered that ,lord ,chesterfield  
denounces proverbs as vulgar2--and gaunt
 though his figure1 and far from elegant
 though his dressing-robe1 there was    

that about him which spoke undeniably of
 the grand seigneur--of one to whom a   
,marquis de ,dangeau would have offered 
a fauteuil by the side of the ,rohans   
and ,montmorencies4  ,meanwhile1 ,helen 
and ,harley seated themselves a little  
apart1 and were both silent--the first  
from timidity2 the second1 from         
abstraction4 ,at length the door opened1
 and ,harley suddenly sprang to his     
feet--,violante and ,jemima entered4    
,lady ,lansmere's eyes first rested on  
the daughter1 and she could scarcely    
refrain from an exclamation of admiring 
surprise2 but then1 when she caught     
sight of ,mrs4 ,riccabocca's somewhat   
humble1 yet not obsequious mien--looking
 a little shy1 a little homely1 yet     
still thoroughly a gentlewoman1 7though 
of your plain rural kind of that        
genus7--she turned from the daughter1   
and with the savoir vivre of the fine   
old school1 paid her first respects to  
the wife2 respects literally1 for her   
manner implied respect1--but it was more

 kind1 simple1 and cordial than the     
respect she had shown to                
,riccabocca2--as the sage himself had   
said1 here it was ,woman to ,woman4 ,and
 then she took ,violante's hand in both 
hers1 and gazed on her as if she could  
not resist the pleasure of contemplating
 so much beauty4 ,my son1 she said      
softly1 and with a half sigh--my son in 
vain told me not to be surprised4 ,this 
is the first time ,i have ever known    
reality exceed description6  ,violante's
 blush here made her still more         
beautiful2 and as the ,countess returned
 to ,riccabocca1 she stole gently to    
,helen's side4  ,miss ,digby1 my ward1  
said ,harley pointedly1 observing that  
his mother had neglected her duty of    
presenting ,helen to the ladies4 ,he    
then reseated himself1 and conversed    
with ,mrs4 ,riccabocca2 but his bright  
quick eye glanced ever at the two girls4
 ,they were about the same age--and     
youth was all that1 to the superficial  
eye1 they seemed to have in common4 ,a  

greater contrast could not well be      
conceived2 and1 what is strange1 both   
gained by it4 ,violante's brilliant     
lovelieness seemed yet more dazzling1   
and ,helen's fair gentle face yet more  
winning4 ,neither had mixed much with   
girls of her own age2 each took to the  
other at first sight4 ,violante1 as the 
less shy1 began the conversation4  ,you 
are his ward--,lord ,l',estrange's8     
,yes4  ,perhaps you came with him from  
,italy8  ,no1 not exactly4 ,but ,i have 
been in ,italy for some years4  ,ah6 you
 regret--nay1 ,i am foolish--you return 
to your native land4 ,but the skies in  
,italy are so blue--here it seems as if 
nature wanted colors4  ,lord            
,l',estrange says that you were very    
young when you left ,italy2 you remember
 it well4 ,he1 too1 prefers ,italy to   
,england4  ,he6 ,impossible6  ,why      
impossible1 fair skeptic8 cried ,harley1
 interrupting himself in the midst of a 
speech to ,jemima4  ,violante had not   
dreamed that she could be overheard--she

 was speaking low2 but1 though visibly  
embarrassed1 she answered distinctly--  
,because in ,england there is the       
noblest career for noble minds4  ,harley
 was startled1 and replied with a slight
 sigh1 ,at your age ,i should have said 
as you do4 ,but this ,england of ours is
 so crowded with noble minds1 that they 
only jostle each other1 and the career  
is one cloud of dust4  ,so1 ,i have     
read1 seems a battle to the common      
soldier1 but not to the chief4  ,you    
have read good descriptions of battles1 
,i see4  ,mrs4 ,riccabocca1 who thought 
this remark a taunt upon her            
daughter-in-law's studies1 hastened to  
,violante's relief4  ,her papa made her 
read the history of ,italy1 and ,i      
believe that is full of battles4        
,harley4--,all history is1 and all women
 are fond of war and of warriors4 ,i    
wonder why4  ,violante1 7turning to     
,helen1 and in a very low voice1        
resolved that ,harley should not hear   
this time47--,we can guess why--can we  

not8  ,harley1 7hearing every word1 as  
if it had been spoken in ,st4 ,paul's   
,whispering ,gallery47--,if you can     
guess1 ,helen1 pray tell me4  ,helen1   
7shaking her pretty head1 and answering 
with a livelier smile than usual47--,but
 ,i am not fond of war and warriors4    
,harley to ,violante4--,then ,i must    
appeal at once to you1 self-convicted   
,bellona that you are4 ,is it from the  
cruelty natural to the female           
disposition8  ,violante1 7with a sweet  
musical laugh47--,from two propensities 
still more natural to it4               
,harley4--,you puzzle me3 what can they 
be8  ,violante4--,pity and admiration2  
we pity the weak1 and admire the brave4 
,harley inclined his head1 and was      
silent4  ,lady ,lansmere had suspended  
her conversation with ,riccabocca to    
listen to this dialogue4 ,charming6 she 
cried4 ,you have explained what has     
often perplexed me4 ,ah1 ,harley1 ,i am 
glad to see that your satire is foiled3 
you have no reply to that4  ,no2 ,i     

willingly own myself defeated--too glad 
to claim the ,signorina's pity1 since my
 cavalry sword hangs on the wall1 and ,i
 can have no longer a professional      
pretence to her admiration4  ,he then   
rose1 and glanced towards the window4   
,but ,i see a more formidable disputant 
for my conqueror to encounter is coming 
into the field--one whose profession it 
is to substitute some other romance for 
that of camp and siege4  ,our friend    
,leonard1 said ,riccabocca1 turning his 
eye also towards the widow4 ,true2 as   
,quevedo says wittily1 ',ever since     
there has been so great a demand for    
type1 there has been much less lead to  
spare for cannon-balls4'  ,here ,leonard
 entered4 ,harley had sent ,lady        
,lansmere's footman to him with a note1 
that prepared him to meet ,helen4 ,as he
 came into the room1 ,harley took him by
 the hand1 and led him to ,lady         
,lansmere4  ,the friend of whom ,i      
spoke4 ,welcome him now for my sake1    
ever after for his own2 and then1       

scarcely allowing time for the          
,countess's elegant and gracious        
response1 he drew ,leonard towards      
,helen4 ,children1 said he1 with a      
touching voice1 that thrilled through   
the hearts of both1 go and seat         
yourselves yonder1 and talk together of 
the past4 ,signorina1 ,i invite you to  
renewed discussion upon the abstruse    
metaphysical subject you have started2  
let us see if we cannot find gentler    
sources for pity and admiration than war
 and warriors4 ,he took ,violante aside 
to the window4 ,you remember that       
,leonard1 in telling you his history    
last night1 spoke1 you thought1 rather  
too briefly of the little girl who had  
been his companion in the rudest time of
 his trials4 ,when you would have       
questioned more1 ,i interrupted you1 and
 said1 ',you should see her shortly1 and
 question her yourself4' ,and now what  
think you of ,helen ,digby8 ,hush1 speak
 low4 ,but her ears are not so sharp as 
mine4  ,violante--,ah6 that is the fair 

creature whom ,leonard called his       
child-angel8 ,what a lovely innocent    
face6--the angel is there still4        
,harley1 7pleased both at the praise and
 with her who gave it47--,you think so1 
and you are right4 ,helen is not        
communicative4 ,but fine natures are    
like fine poems--a glance at the first  
two lines suffices for a guess into the 
beauty that waits you1 if you read on4  
,violante gazed on ,leonard and ,helen  
as they sat apart4 ,leonard was the     
speaker1 ,helen the listener2 and though
 the former had1 in his narrative the   
night before1 been indeed brief as to   
the episode in his life connected with  
the orphan1 enough had been said to     
interest ,violante in the pathos of     
their former position towards each      
other1 and in the happiness they must   
feel in their meeting again--separated  
for years on the wide sea of life1 now  
both saved from the storm and shipwreck4
 ,the tears came into her eyes4 ,true1  
she said very softly1 there is more here

 to move pity and admiration than       
in--,she paused4  ,harley4--,complete   
the sentence4 ,are you ashamed to       
retract8 ,fie on your pride and         
obstinacy4  ,violante4--,no2 but even   
here there have been war and            
heroism--the war of genius with         
adversity1 and heroism in the comforter 
who shared it and consoled4 ,ah6        
wherever pity and admiration are both   
felt1 something nobler than mere sorrow 
must have gone before3 the heroic must  
exist4  ,helen does not know what the   
word heroic means1 said ,harley1 rather 
sadly2 you must teach her4  ,is it      
possible1 thought he as he spoke1 that a
 ,randal ,leslie could have charmed this
 grand creature8 ,no ,heroic surely1 in 
that sleek young placeman4 ,your father1
 he said aloud1 and fixing his eyes on  
her face1 sees much1 he tells me1 of a  
young man1 about ,leonard's age1 as to  
date2 but ,i never estimate the age of  
men by the parish register2 and ,i      
should speak of that so-called young man

 as a contemporary of my                
great-grandfather2 ,i mean ,mr4 ,randal 
,leslie4 ,do you like him8  ,like him8  
said ,violante slowly1 and as if        
sounding her own mind4 ,like him--yes4  
,why8 asked ,harley1 with dry and curt  
indignation4  ,his visits seem to please
 my dear father4 ,certainly1 ,i like    
him4  ,hum4 ,he professes to like you1  
,i suppose8  ,violante laughed1         
unsuspiciously4 ,she had half a mind to 
reply1 ,is that so strange6 ,but her    
respect for ,harley stopped her4 ,the   
words would have seemed to her pert4  ,i
 am told he is clever1 resumed ,harley4 
,o1 certainly4  ,and he is rather       
handsome4 ,but ,i like ,leonard's face  
better4  ,better--that is not the word4 
,leonard's face is as that of one who   
has gazed so often upon heaven2 and ,mr4
 ,leslie's--there is neither sunlight   
nor starlight reflected there4  ,my dear
 ,violante6 exclaimed ,harley1          
overjoyed2 and he pressed her hand4     
,the blood rushed over the girl's cheek 

and brow2 her hand trembled in his4 ,but
 ,harley's familiar exclamation might   
have come from a father's lips4  ,at    
this moment1 ,helen softly approached   
them1 and looking timidly into her      
guardian's face1 said1 ,leonard's mother
 is with him3 he asks me to call and see
 her4 ,may ,i8  ,may you6 ,a pretty     
notion the ,signorina must form of your 
enslaved state of pupilage1 when she    
hears you ask that question4 ,of course 
you may4  ,will you take me there8      
,harley looked embarrassed4 ,he thought 
of the widow's agitation at his name2 of
 that desire to shun him1 which ,leonard
 had confessed1 and of which he thought 
he divined the cause4 ,and1 so divining1
 he too shrank from such a meeting4     
,another time1 then1 said he1 after a   
pause4  ,helen looked disappointed1 but 
said no more4  ,violante was surprised  
at this ungracious answer4 ,she would   
have blamed it as unfeeling in another4 
,but all that ,harley did was right in  
her eyes4  ,cannot ,i go with ,miss     

,digby8 said she1 and my mother will go 
too4 ,we both know ,mrs4 ,fairfield4 ,we
 shall be so pleased to see her again4  
,so be it1 said ,harley2 ,i will wait   
here with your father till you come     
back4 ,oh1 as to my mother1 she will    
excuse the--excuse ,madame ,riccabocca1 
and you too4 ,see how charmed she is    
with your father4 ,i must stay to watch 
over the conjugal interests of mine4    
,but ,mrs4 ,riccabocca had too much good
 old country breeding to leave the      
,countess2 and ,harley was forced       
himself to appeal to ,lady ,lansmere4   
,when he had explained the case in      
point1 the ,countess rose and said--    
,but ,i will call myself1 with ,miss    
,digby4  ,no1 said ,harley1 gravely1 but
 in a whisper4 ,no--,i would rather not4
 ,i will explain later4  ,then1 said the
 ,countess aloud1 after a glance of     
surprise at her son1 ,i must insist on  
your performing this visit1 my dear     
,madam1 and you1 ,signorina4 ,in truth1 
,i have something to say confidentially 

to--  ,to me1 interrupted ,riccabocca4  
,ah1 ,madame la ,comtesse1 you restore  
me to five-and-twenty4 ,go1 quick--,o   
jealous and injured wife2 go1 both of   
you1 quick2 and you1 too1 ,harley4      
,nay1 said ,lady ,lansmere1 in the same 
tone1 ,harley must stay1 for my design  
is not at present upon destroying your  
matrimonial happiness1 whatever it may  
be later4 ,it is a design so innocent   
that my son will be a partner in it4    
,here the ,countess put her lips to     
,harley's ear1 and whispered4 ,he       
received her communication in attentive 
silence2 but when she had done1 pressed 
her hand1 and bowed his head1 as if an  
assent to a proposal4  ,in a few        
minutes1 the three ladies and ,leonard  
were on their road to the neighboring   
cottage4  ,violante1 with her usual     
delicate intuition1 thought that        
,leonard and ,helen must have much to   
say to each other2 and ignorant1 as     
,leonard himself was1 of ,helen's       
engagement to ,harley1 began already1 in

 the romance natural to her age1 to     
predict for them happy and united days  
in the future4 ,so she took her         
step-mother's arm1 and left ,helen and  
,leonard to follow4  ,i wonder1 she     
said1 musingly1 how ,miss ,digby became 
,lord ,l',estrange's ward1 ,i hope she  
is not very rich1 nor very high-born4   
,la1 my love1 said the good ,jemima1    
that is not like you2 you are not       
envious of her1 poor girl8  ,envious6   
,dear mamma1 what a word6 ,but don't you
 think ,leonard and ,miss ,digby seem   
born for each other8 ,and then the      
recollections of their childhood--the   
thoughts of childhood are so deep1 and  
its memories so strangely soft6 ,the    
long lashes drooped over ,violante's    
musing eyes as she spoke4 ,and          
therefore1 she said after a pause       
therefore ,i hoped that ,miss ,digby    
might not be very rich1 nor very        
high-born4  ,i understand you now1      
,violante1 exclaimed ,jemima1 her own   
early passion for match-making instantly

 returning to her2 for as ,leonard1     
however clever and distinguished1 is    
still the son of ,mark ,fairfield the   
carpenter1 it would spoil all if ,miss  
,digby was1 as you say1 rich and        
high-born4 ,i agree with you--a very    
pretty match--a very pretty match1      
indeed4 ,i wish dear ,mrs4 ,dale were   
here now she is so clever in settling   
such matters4  ,meanwhile ,leonard and  
,helen walked side by side a few paces  
in the rear4 ,he had not offered her his
 arm4 ,they had been silent hitherto    
since they left ,riccabocca's house4    
,helen now spoke first4 ,in similar     
cases it is generally the woman1 be she 
ever so timid1 who does speak first4    
,and here ,helen was the bolder3 for    
,leonard did not disguise from himself  
the nature of his feelings1 and ,helen  
was engaged to another2 and her pure    
heart was fortified by the trust reposed
 in it4  ,and have you ever heard more  
of the good ,dr4 ,morgan1 who had       
powders against sorrow1 and who meant to

 be so kind to us--though1 she added1   
coloring1 we did not think so then8  ,he
 took my child-angel from me1 said      
,leonard1 with visible emotion2 and if  
she had not returned1 where and what    
should ,i be now8 ,but ,i have forgiven 
him4 ,no1 ,i have never met him since4  
,and that terrible ,mr4 ,burley8  ,poor1
 poor ,burley6 ,he1 too1 is vanished out
 of my present life4 ,i have made many  
inquiries after him2 all ,i can hear is 
that he went abroad1 supposed as a      
correspondent to some journal4 ,i should
 like so much to see him again1 now that
 perhaps ,i could help him as he helped 
me4  ,helped you--ah6  ,leonard smiled  
with a beating heart1 as he saw again   
the dear1 prudent1 warning look1 and    
involuntarily drew closer to ,helen4    
,she seemed more restored to him and to 
her former self4  ,helped me much by his
 instructions2 more1 perhaps1 by his    
very faults4 ,you cannot guess1         
,helen--,i beg pardon1 ,miss ,digby--but
 ,i forgot that we are no longer        

children3 you cannot guess how much we  
men1 and1 more than all perhaps1 we     
writers1 whose task it is to unravel the
 web of human actions1 owe even to our  
own past errors2 and if we learn nothing
 by the errors of others1 we should be  
dull indeed4 ,we must know where the    
roads divide1 and have marked where they
 lead to1 before we can erect our       
sign-posts2 and books are the sign-posts
 in human life4  ,books6--,and ,i have  
not yet read yours4 ,and ,lord          
,l',estrange tells me you are famous    
now4 ,yet you remember me still--the    
poor orphan child1 whom you first saw   
weeping at her father's grave1 and with 
whom you burdened your own young life1  
over-burdened already4 ,no1 still call  
me ,helen--you must always be to me--a  
brother6 ,lord ,l',estrange feels that2 
he said so to me when he told me that we
 were to meet again4 ,he is so generous1
 so noble4 ,brother6 cried ,helen1      
suddenly1 and extending her hand1 with a
 sweet but sublime look in her gentle   

face--brother1 we will never forfeit his
 esteem2 we will both do our best to    
repay him8 ,will we not--say so8        
,leonard felt overpowered by contending 
and unanalyzed emotions4 ,touched almost
 to tears by the affectionate           
address--thrilled by the hand that      
pressed his own--and yet with a vague   
fear1 a consciousness that something    
more than the words themselves was      
implied--something that checked all     
hope4 ,and this word brother1 once so   
precious and so dear1 why did he shrink 
from it now8--why could he not too say  
the sweet word sister8  ,she is above me
 now and evermore1 he thought1          
mournfully2 and the tones of his voice1 
when he spoke again1 were changed4 ,the 
appeal to renewed intimacy but made him 
more distant2 and to that appeal itself 
he made no direct answer2 for ,mrs4     
,riccabocca1 now turning round1 and     
pointing to the cottage which came in   
view1 with its picturesque gable ends1  
cried out--  ,but is that your house1   

,leonard8 ,i never saw any thing so     
pretty4  ,you do not remember it then1  
said ,leonard to ,helen1 in accents of  
melancholy reproach there where ,i saw  
you last6 ,i doubted whether to keep it 
exactly as it was1 and ,i said1 ,no6 the
 association is not changed because we  
try to surround it with whatever beauty 
we can create3 the dearer the           
association1 the more the ,beautiful    
becomes to it natural4' ,perhaps you    
don't understand this--perhaps it is    
only we poor poets who do4  ,i          
understand it1 said ,helen1 gently4 ,she
 looked wistfully at the cottage4  ,so  
changed--,i have so often pictured it to
 myself--never1 never like this2 yet ,i 
loved it1 commonplace as it was to my   
recollection2 and the garret1 and the   
tree in the carpenter's yard4  ,she did 
not give these thoughts utterance4 ,and 
they now entered the garden4   ,,chapter
 ,,iv4  ,mrs4 ,fairfield was a proud    
woman when she received ,mrs4           
,riccabocca and ,violante in her grand  

house2 for a grand house to her was that
 cottage to which her boy ,lenny had    
brought her home4 ,proud1 indeed1 ever  
was ,widow ,fairfield2 but she thought  
then in her secret heart1 that if ever  
she could receive in the drawing-room of
 that grand house the great ,mrs4       
,hazeldean1 who had so lectured her for 
refusing to live any longer in the      
humble tenement rented of the ,squire1  
the cup of human bliss would be filled1 
and she could contentedly die of the    
pride of it4 ,she did not much notice   
,helen--her attention was too absorbed  
by the ladies who renewed their old     
acquaintance with her1 and she carried  
them all over the house1 yea1 into the  
very kitchen2 and so1 somehow or other1 
there was a short time when ,helen and  
,leonard found themselves alone4 ,it was
 in the study4 ,helen had unconsciously 
seated herself in ,leonard's own chair1 
and she was gazing with anxious and     
wistful interest1 on the scattered      
papers1 looking so disorderly 7though1  

in truth1 in that disorder there was    
method1 but method only known to the    
owner71 and at the venerable1 well-worn 
books1 in all languages1 lying on the   
floor1 on the chairs--any where4 ,i must
 confess that ,helen's first tidy       
woman-like idea was a great desire to   
arrange the latter4 ,poor ,leonard1 she 
thought to herself--the rest of the     
house so neat1 but no one to take care  
of his own room and of him6  ,as if he  
divined her thought1 ,leonard smiled1   
and said1 ,it would be a cruel kindness 
to the spider1 if the gentlest hand in  
the world tried to set its cobweb to    
rights4  ,helen4--,you were not quite so
 bad in the old days4  ,leonard4--,yet  
even then1 you were obliged to take care
 of the money4 ,i have more books now1  
and more money4 ,my present housekeeper 
lets me take care of the books1 but she 
is less indulgent as to the money4      
,helen1 7archly47--,are you as absent as
 ever8  ,leonard4--,much more so1 ,i    
fear4 ,the habit is incorrigible1 ,miss 

,digby--  ,helen4--,not ,miss           
,digby--sister1 if you like4  ,leonard1 
7evading the word that implied so       
forbidden an affinity47--,helen1 will   
you grant me a favor8 ,your eyes and    
your smile say 'yes4' ,will you lay     
aside1 for one minute1 your shawl and   
bonnet8 ,what6 can you be surprised that
 ,i ask it8 ,can you not understand that
 ,i wish for one minute to think you are
 at home again under this roof8  ,helen 
cast down her eyes1 and seemed troubled2
 then she raised them1 with a soft      
angelic candor in their dovelike blue1  
and1 as if in shelter from all thoughts 
of more warm affection1 again murmured  
brother1 and did as he asked her4  ,so  
there she sat1 amongst the dull books1  
by his table1 near the open window--her 
fair hair parted on her                 
forehead--looking so good1 so calm1 so  
happy6 ,leonard wondered at his own     
self-command4 ,his heart yearned to her 
with such inexpressible love--his lips  
so longed to murmur--,ah1 as now so     

could it be for ever6 ,is the home too  
mean8 ,but that word brother was as a   
talisman between her and him4  ,yet she 
looked so at home--perhaps so at home   
she felt6--more certainly than she had  
yet learned to do in that stiff stately 
house in which she was soon to have a   
daughter's rights4 ,was she suddenly    
made aware of this--that she so suddenly
 arose--and with a look of alarm and    
distress on her face--  ,but--we are    
keeping ,lady ,lansmere too long1 she   
said1 falteringly4 ,we must go now1 and 
she hastily took up her shawl and       
bonnet4  ,just then ,mrs4 ,fairfield    
entered with the visitors1 and began    
making excuses for inattention to ,miss 
,digby1 whose identity with ,leonard's  
child-angel she had not yet learned4    
,helen received these apologies with her
 usual sweetness4 ,nay1 she said1 your  
son and ,i are such old friends1 how    
could you stand on ceremony with me8    
,old friends6 ,mrs4 ,fairfield stared   
amazed1 and then surveyed the fair      

speaker more curiously than she had yet 
done4 ,pretty1 nice spoken thing1       
thought the widow2 as nice spoken as    
,miss ,violante1 and                    
humbler-looking-like--though1 as to     
dress1 ,i never see any thing so elegant
 out of a picter4  ,helen now           
appropriated ,mrs4 ,riccabocca's arm2   
and after a kind leave-taking with the  
widow1 the ladies returned towards      
,riccabocca's house4  ,mrs4 ,fairfield1 
however1 ran after them with ,leonard's 
hat and gloves1 which he had forgotten4 
',deed1 boy1 said she kindly1 yet       
scoldingly1 but there'd be no more fine 
books1 if the ,lord had not fixed your  
head on your shoulders4 ,you would not  
think it1 marm1 she added to ,mrs4      
,riccabocca1 but sin' he has left you1  
he's not the 'cute lad he was2 very     
helpless at times1 marm6  ,helen could  
not resist turning round1 and looking at
 ,leonard1 with a sly smile4  ,the widow
 saw the smile1 and catching ,leonard by
 the arm1 whispered1 ,but1 where before 

have you seen that pretty young lady8   
,old friends6  ,ah1 mother1 said        
,leonard1 sadly1 it is a long tale2 you 
have heard the beginning1 who can guess 
the end8--and he escaped4 ,but ,helen   
still leant on the arm of ,mrs4         
,riccobocca1 and1 in the walk back1 it  
seemed to ,leonard as if the winter had 
resettled in the sky4  ,yet he was by   
the side of ,violante1 and she spoke to 
him with such praise of ,helen6 ,alas6  
it is not always so sweet as folks say1 
to hear the praises of one we love4     
,sometimes those praises seem to ask    
ironically1 ,and what right hast thou to
 hope because thou lovest8 ,all love    
her4   ,,chapter ,v4  ,no sooner had    
,lady ,lansmere found herself alone with
 ,riccabocca and ,harley than she laid  
her hand on the exile's arm1 and1       
addressing him by a title she had not   
before given him1 and from which he     
appeared to shrink nervously1           
said--,harley1 in bringing me to visit  
you1 was forced to reveal to me your    

incognito1 for ,i should have discovered
 it4 ,you may not remember me1 in spite 
of your gallantry4 ,but ,i mixed more in
 the world than ,i do now1 during your  
first visit to ,england1 and once sat   
next to you at dinner at ,carlton       
,house4 ,nay1 no compliments1 but listen
 to me4 ,harley tells me you have cause 
for some alarm respecting the designs of
 an audacious and                       
unprincipled--adventurer1 ,i may call   
him2 for adventurers are of all ranks4  
,suffer your daughter to come to me1 on 
a visit1 as long as you please4 ,with   
me1 at least1 she will be safe2 and if  
you1 too1 and the--  ,stop1 my dear     
madam1 interrupted ,riccabocca1 with    
great vivacity1 your kindness overpowers
 me4 ,i thank you most gratefully for   
your invitation to my child2 but--      
,nay1 in his turn interrupted ,harley1  
no buts4 ,i was not aware of my mother's
 intention when she entered this room4  
,but since she whispered it to me1 ,i   
have reflected on it1 and am convinced  

that it is but a prudent precaution4    
,your retreat is known to ,mr4          
,leslie--he is known to ,peschiera4     
,grant that no indiscretion of ,mr4     
,leslie's betray the secret2 still ,i   
have reason to believe that the ,count  
guesses ,randal's acquaintance with you4
 ,audley ,egerton this morning told me  
he had gathered that1 not from the young
 man himself1 but from questions put to 
himself by ,madame di ,negra2 and       
,peschiera might1 and would1 set spies1 
to track ,leslie to every house that he 
visits--might and would1 still more     
naturally1 set spies to track myself4   
,were this man an ,englishman1 ,i should
 laugh at his machinations2 but he is an
 ,italian1 and has been a conspirator4  
,what he could do1 ,i know not2 but an  
assassin can penetrate into a camp1 and 
a traitor can creep through closed walls
 to one's hearth4 ,with my mother1      
,violante must be safe2 that you cannot 
oppose4 ,and why not come yourself8     
,riccabocca had no reply to these       

arguments1 so far as they affected      
,violante2 indeed1 they awakened the    
almost superstitious terror with which  
he regarded his enemy1 and he consented 
at once that ,violante should accept the
 invitation proffered4 ,but he refused  
it for himself and ,jemima4  ,to say    
truth1 said he simply1 ,i made a secret 
vow1 on re-entering ,england1 that ,i   
would associate with none who knew the  
rank ,i had formerly held in my own     
land4 ,i felt that all my philosophy was
 needed1 to reconcile and habituate     
myself to my altered circumstances4 ,in 
order to find in my present existence1  
however humble1 those blessings which   
make all life noble--dignity and        
peace--it was necessary for poor1 weak  
human nature1 wholly to dismiss the     
past4 ,it would unsettle me sadly1 could
 ,i come to your house1 renew a while1  
in your kindness and respect--nay1 in   
the very atmosphere of your society--the
 sense of what ,i have been2 and then   
7should the more than doubtful chance of

 recall from my exile fail me7 to awake1
 and find myself for the rest of        
life--what ,i am4 ,and though1 were ,i  
alone1 ,i might trust myself perhaps to 
the danger--yet my wife3 she is happy   
and contented now2 would she be so1 if  
you had once spoiled her for the simple 
position of ,dr4 ,riccabocca's wife8    
,should ,i not have to listen to        
regrets1 and hopes1 and fears that would
 prick sharp through my thin cloak of   
philosophy8 ,even as it is1 since in a  
moment of weakness ,i confided my secret
 to her1 ,i have had 'my rank' thrown at
 me--with a careless hand1 it is        
true--but it hits hard1 nevertheless4   
,no stone hurts like one taken from the 
ruins of one's own home2 and the grander
 the home1 why1 the heavier the stone6  
,protect1 dear madam--protect my        
daughter1 since her father doubts his   
own power to do so4 ,but--ask no more4  
,riccabocca was immovable here4 ,and the
 matter was settled as he decided1 it   
being agreed that ,violante should be   

still styled the daughter of ,dr4       
,riccabocca4  ,and now1 one word more1  
said ,harley4 ,do not confide to ,mr4   
,leslie these arrangements2 do not let  
him know where ,violante is placed--at  
least1 until ,i authorize such          
confidence in him4 ,it is sufficient    
excuse1 that it is no use to know unless
 he called to see her1 and his          
movements1 as ,i said before1 may be    
watched4 ,you can give the same reason  
to suspend his visits to yourself4      
,suffer me1 meanwhile1 to mature my     
judgment on this young man4 ,in the mean
 while also1 ,i think that ,i shall have
 means of ascertaining the real nature  
of ,peschiera's schemes4 ,his sister has
 sought to know me2 ,i will give her the
 occasion4 ,i have heard some things of 
her in my last residence abroad1 which  
make me believe that she cannot be      
wholly the ,count's tool in any schemes 
nakedly villanous2 that she has some    
finer qualities in her than ,i once     
supposed2 and that she can be won from  

his influence4 ,it is a state of war2 we
 will carry it into the enemy's camp4   
,you will promise me1 then1 to refrain  
from all further confidence to ,mr4     
,leslie4  ,for the present1 yes1 said   
,riccabocca1 reluctantly4  ,do not even 
say that you have seen me1 unless he    
first tell you that ,i am in ,england1  
and wish to learn your residence4 ,i    
will give him full occasion to do so4   
,pish6 don't hesitate2 you know your own
 proverb--      ',boccha chiusa1 ed     
occhio aperto     ,non fece mai nissun  
deserto4'  ',the closed mouth and the   
open eye1' c4  ,that's very true1 said  
the ,doctor1 much struck4 ,very true4   
',in bocchac hiusa non c'entrano        
mosche4' ,one can't swallow flies if one
 keeps one's mouth shut4 ,corpo di      
,bacco6 that's very true6  ,harley took 
aside the ,italian4  ,you see if our    
hope of discovering the lost packet1 or 
if our belief in the nature of its      
contents1 be too sanguine1 still1 in a  
few months it is possible that          

,peschiera can have no further designs  
on your daughter--possible that a son   
may be born to you1 and ,violante would 
cease to be in danger1 because she would
 cease to be an heiress4 ,indeed1 it may
 be well to let ,peschiera know this    
chance2 it would1 at least1 make him    
delay all his plans while we are        
tracking the document that may defeat   
them for ever4  ,no1 no6 for heaven's   
sake1 no6 exclaimed ,riccabocca1 pale as
 ashes4 ,not a word to him4 ,i don't    
mean to impute to him crimes of which he
 may be innocent4 ,but he meant to take 
my life when ,i escaped the pursuit of  
his hirelings in ,italy4 ,he did not    
hesitate1 in his avarice1 to denounce a 
kinsman2 expose hundreds to the sword1  
if resisting--to the dungeon1 if        
passive4 ,did he know that my wife might
 bear me a son1 how can ,i tell that his
 designs might not change into others   
still darker1 and more monstrous1 than  
those he now openly parades1 though1    
after all1 not more infamous and vile8  

,would my wife's life be safe8 ,not more
 difficult to convey poison into my     
house1 than to steal my child from my   
hearth4 ,don't despise me2 but when ,i  
think of my wife1 my daughter1 and that 
man1 my mind forsakes me3 ,i am one     
fear4  ,nay1 this apprehension is too   
exaggerated4 ,we do not live in the age 
of the ,borgias4 ,could ,peschiera      
resort to the risks of a murder1 it is  
for yourself that you should fear4  ,for
 myself6--,i6 ,i6 cried the exile1      
raising his tall stature to its full    
height4 ,is it not enough degradation to
 a man who has borne the name of such   
ancestors1 to fear for those he loves6  
,fear for myself6 ,is it you who ask if 
,i am a coward8  ,he recovered himself  
as he felt ,harley's penitential and    
admiring grasp of the hand4  ,see1 said 
he1 turning to the ,countess with a     
melancholy smile1 how even one hour of  
your society destroys the habits of     
years4 ,dr4 ,riccabocca is talking of   
his ancestors6   ,,chapter ,,vi4        

,violante and ,jemima were both greatly 
surprised1 as the reader may suppose1   
when they heard1 on their return1 the   
arrangements already made for the       
former4 ,the ,countess insisted on      
taking her at once1 and ,riccabocca     
briefly said1 ,certainly1 the sooner the
 better4 ,violante was stunned and      
bewildered4 ,jemima hastened to make up 
a little bundle of things necessary1    
with many a woman's sigh that the poor  
wardrobe contained so few things        
befitting4 ,but among the clothes she   
slipped a purse1 containing the savings 
of months1 perhaps of years1 and with it
 a few affectionate lines1 begging      
,violante to ask the ,countess to buy   
her all that was proper for her father's
 child4 ,there is always something      
hurried and uncomfortable in the abrupt 
and unexpected withdrawal of any member 
from a quiet household4 ,the small party
 broke into still smaller knots4        
,violante hung on her father1 and       
listened vaguely to his not very lucid  

explanations4 ,the ,countess approached 
,leonard1 and according to the usual    
mode of persons of quality addressing   
young authors1 complimented him highly  
on the books she had not read1 but which
 her son assured her were so remarkable4
 ,she was a little anxious to know where
 ,harley had met with ,mr4 ,oran1 whom  
he called his friend2 but she was too   
high-bred to inquire1 or to express any 
wonder that rank should be friends with 
genius4  ,she took it for granted that  
they had formed their acquaintance      
abroad4  ,harley conversed with ,helen4 
,you are not sorry that ,violante is    
coming to us8 ,she will be just such a  
companion for you as ,i could desire2 of
 your own years too4  ,helen1           
7ingenuously47--,it is hard to think ,i 
am not younger than she is4             
,harley4--,why1 my dear ,helen8         
,helen4--,she is so brilliant4 ,she     
talks so beautifully4 ,and ,i--         
,harley4--,and you want but the habit of
 talking1 to do justice to your own     

beautiful thoughts4  ,helen looked at   
him gratefully1 but shook her head4 ,it 
was a common trick of hers1 and always  
when she was praised4  ,at last the     
preparations were made--the farewell was
 said4 ,violante was in the carriage by 
,lady ,lansmere's side4 ,slowly moved on
 the stately equipage with its four     
horses and trim postillions1 heraldic   
badges on their shoulders1 in the style 
rarely seen in the neighborhood of the  
metropolis1 and now fast vanishing even 
amidst distant counties4  ,riccabocca1  
,jemima1 and ,jackeymo continued to gaze
 after it from the gate4  ,she is gone1 
said ,jackeymo1 brushing his eyes with  
his coat-sleeve4 ,but it is a load off  
one's mind4  ,and another load on one's 
heart1 murmured ,riccabocca4 ,don't cry1
 ,jemima2 it may be bad for you1 and bad
 for him that is to come4 ,it is        
astonishing how the humors of the mother
 may affect the unborn4 ,i should not   
like to have a son who has a more than  
usual propensity to tears4  ,the poor   

philosopher tried to smile2 but it was a
 bad attempt4 ,he went slowly in and    
shut himself up with his books4 ,but he 
could not read4 ,his whole mind was     
unsettled4 ,and though1 like all        
parents1 he had been anxious to rid     
himself of a beloved daughter for life1 
now that she was gone but for a while1 a
 string seemed broken in the ,music of  
,home4   ,,chapter ,,vii4  ,the evening 
of the same day1 as ,egerton1 who was to
 entertain a large party at dinner1 was 
changing his dress1 ,harley walked into 
his room4  ,egerton dismissed his valet 
by a sign1 and continued his toilet4    
,excuse me1 my dear ,harley1 ,i have    
only ten minutes to give you4 ,i expect 
one of the royal dukes1 and punctuality 
is the stern virtue of men of business1 
and the graceful courtesy of princes4   
,harley had usually a jest for his      
friend's aphorisms2 but he had none now4
 ,he laid his hand kindly on ,egerton's 
shoulder--,before ,i speak of my        
business1 tell me how you are--better8  

,better--nay1 ,i am always well4 ,pooh6 
,i may look a little tired--years of    
toil will tell on the countenance4 ,but 
that matters little--the period of life 
has passed with me when one cares how   
one looks in the glass4  ,as he spoke1  
,egerton completed his dress1 and came  
to the hearth1 standing there1 erect and
 dignified as usual1 still far handsomer
 than many a younger man1 and with a    
form that seemed to have ample vigor to 
support for many a year the sad and     
glorious burden of power4  ,so now to   
your business1 ,harley4  ,in the first  
place1 ,i want you to present me1 at the
 first opportunity1 to ,madame di       
,negra4 ,you say she wished to know me4 
,are you serious8  ,yes4  ,well1 then1  
she receives this evening4 ,i did not   
mean to go2 but when my party breaks    
up--  ,you can call for me at ',the     
,travellers4' ,do6  ,next--you knew     
,lady ,jane ,horton better even than ,i 
did1 at least in the last year of her   
life4 ,harley sighed1 and ,egerton      

turned and stirred the fire4  ,pray1 did
 you ever see at her house1 or hear her 
speak of1 a ,mrs4 ,bertram8  ,of whom8  
said ,egerton1 in a hollow voice1 his   
face still turned towards the fire4  ,a 
,mrs4 ,bertram2 but heavens6 my dear    
fellow1 what is the matter8 ,are you    
ill8  ,a spasm at the heart--that is    
all--don't ring--,i shall be better     
presently--go on talking4 ,mrs4---- why 
do you ask8  ,why6 ,i have hardly time  
to explain2 but ,i am1 as ,i told you1  
resolved on righting my old ,italian    
friend1 if ,heaven will help me1 as it  
ever does help the just when they bestir
 themselves2 and this ,mrs4 ,bertram is 
mixed up in my friend's affairs4  ,his6 
,how is that possible8  ,harley rapidly 
and succinctly explained4 ,audley       
listened attentively1 with his eyes     
fixed on the floor1 and still seeming to
 labor under great difficulty of        
breathing4  ,at last he answered1 ,i    
remember something of this              
,mrs4--,mrs4--,bertram4 ,but your       

inquiries after her would be useless4 ,i
 think ,i have heard that she is long   
since dead2 nay1 ,i am sure of it4      
,dead6--that is most unfortunate4 ,but  
do you know any of her relations or     
friends8 ,can you suggest any mode of   
tracing this packet if it came to her   
hands8  ,no4  ,and ,lady ,jane had      
scarcely any friend that ,i remember1   
except my mother1 and she knows nothing 
of this ,mrs4 ,bertram4 ,how unlucky6 ,i
 think ,i shall advertise4 ,yet1 no4 ,i 
could only distinguish this ,mrs4       
,bertram from any other of the same     
name1 by stating with whom she had gone 
abroad1 and that would catch the        
attention of ,peschiera1 and set him to 
counterwork us4  ,and what avails it8   
said ,egerton4 ,she whom you seek is no 
more--no more6 ,he paused1 and went on  
rapidly--,the packet did not arrive in  
,england till years after her death--was
 no doubt returned to the               
post-office--is destroyed long ago4     
,harley looked very much disappointed4  

,egerton went on in a sort of set       
mechanical voice1 as if not thinking of 
what he said1 but speaking from the dry 
practical mode of reasoning which was   
habitual to him1 and by which the man of
 the world destroys the hopes of an     
enthusiast4 ,then starting up at the    
sound of the first thundering knock at  
the street door1 he said1 ,hark6 you    
must excuse me4  ,i leave you1 my dear  
,audley4 ,are you better now8  ,much1   
much--quite well4 ,i will call for you1 
probably between eleven and twelve4     
,,chapter ,,viii4  ,if any one could be 
more surprised at seeing ,lord          
,l',estrange at the house of ,madame di 
,negra that evening than the fair       
hostess herself1 it was ,randal ,leslie4
 ,something instinctively told him that 
this visit threatened interference with 
whatever might be his ultimate projects 
in regard to ,riccabocca and ,violante4 
,but ,randal ,leslie was not one of     
those who shrink from an intellectual   
combat4 ,on the contrary1 he was too    

confident of his powers of intrigue1 not
 to take a delight in their exercise4   
,he could not conceive that the indolent
 ,harley could be a match for his own   
restless activity and dogged            
perseverance4 ,but in a very few moments
 fear crept on him4 ,no man of his day  
could produce a more brilliant effect   
than ,lord ,l',estrange1 when he deigned
 to desire it4 ,without much pretence to
 that personal beauty which strikes at  
first sight1 he still retained all the  
charm of countenance1 and all the grace 
of manner which had made him in boyhood 
the spoiled darling of society4 ,madame 
di ,negra had collected but a small     
circle round her1 still it was of the   
elite of the great world2 not1 indeed1  
those more precise and reserved dames du
 chateau1 whom the lighter and easier of
 the fair dispensers of fashion ridicule
 as prudes2 but1 nevertheless1 ladies   
were there1 as unblemished in reputation
 as high in rank2 flirts and coquettes1 
perhaps--nothing more2 in short1        

charming women--the gay butterflies that
 hover over the stiff parterre4 ,and    
there were ambassadors and ministers1   
and wits and brilliant debaters1 and    
first-rate dandies 7dandies1 when       
first-rate1 are generally very agreeable
 men74 ,amongst all these various       
persons1 ,harley1 so long a stranger to 
the ,london world1 seemed to make       
himself at home with the ease of an     
,alcibiades4 ,many of the less juvenile 
ladies remembered him1 and rushed to    
claim his acquaintance1 with nods1 and  
becks1 and wreathed smiles4 ,he had     
ready compliments for each4 ,and few    
indeed were there1 men or women1 for    
whom ,harley ,l',estrange had not       
appropriate attraction4 ,distinguished  
reputation as a soldier and scholar1 for
 the grave2 whim and pleasantry for the 
gay2 novelty for the sated2 and for the 
more vulgar natures1 was he not ,lord   
,l',estrange1 unmarried1 heir to an     
ancient earldom1 and some fifty thousand
 a-year8  ,not till he had succeeded in 

the general effect--which1 it must be   
owned1 he did his best to create--did   
,harley seriously and especially devote 
himself to his hostess4 ,and then he    
seated himself by her side2 and as if in
 compliment to both1 less pressing      
admirers insensibly slipped away and    
edged off4  ,frank ,hazeldean was the   
last to quit his ground behind ,madame  
di ,negra's chair2 but when he found    
that the two began to talk in ,italian1 
and he could not understand a word they 
said1 he too--fancying1 poor fellow1    
that he looked foolish1 and cursing his 
,eaton education that had neglected1 for
 languages spoken by the dead1 of which 
he had learned little1 those still in   
use among the living1 of which he had   
learned naught--retreated towards       
,randal1 and asked wistfully1 ,pray1    
what age should you say ,l',estrange    
was8 ,he must be devilish old1 in spite 
of his looks4 ,why1 he was at ,waterloo6
  ,he is young enough to be a terrible  
rival1 answered ,randal1 with artful    

truth4  ,frank turned pale1 and began to
 meditate dreadful bloodthirsty         
thoughts1 of which hair-triggers and    
,lord's ,cricket-ground formed the      
staple4  ,certainly there was apparent  
ground for a lover's jealousy4 ,for     
,harley and ,beatrice now conversed in a
 low tone1 and ,beatrice seemed         
agitated1 and ,harley earnest4 ,randal  
himself grew more and more perplexed4   
,was ,lord ,l',estrange really enamored 
of the ,marchesa8 ,if so1 farewell to   
all hopes of ,frank's marriage with her6
 ,or was he merely playing a part in    
,riccabocca's interest2 pretending to be
 the lover1 in order to obtain an       
influence over her mind1 rule her       
through her ambition1 and secure an ally
 against her brother8 ,was this finesse 
compatible with ,randal's notions of    
,harley's character8 ,was it consistent 
with that chivalric and soldierly spirit
 of honor which the frank nobleman      
affected1 to make love to a woman in a  
mere ruse de guerre8 ,could mere        

friendship for ,riccabocca be a         
sufficient inducement to a man1 who1    
whatever his weaknesses or his errors1  
seemed to wear on his very forehead a   
soul above deceit1 to stoop to paltry   
means1 even for a worthy end8 ,at this  
question1 a new thought flashed upon    
,randal--might not ,lord ,l',estrange   
have speculated himself upon winning    
,violante8--would not that account for  
all the exertions he had made on behalf 
of her inheritance at the court of      
,vienna--exertions of which ,peschiera  
and ,beatrice had both complained8      
,those objections which the ,austrian   
government might take to ,violante's    
marriage with some obscure ,englishman  
would probably not exist against a man  
like ,harley ,l',estrange1 whose family 
not only belonged to the highest        
aristocracy of ,england1 but had always 
supported opinions in vogue amongst the 
leading governments of ,europe4 ,harley 
himself1 it is true1 had never taken    
part in politics1 but his notions were1 

no doubt1 those of a high-born soldier1 
who had fought1 in alliance with        
,austria1 for the restoration of the    
,bourbons4 ,and this immense            
wealth--which ,violante might lose if   
she married one like ,randal            
himself--her marriage with the heir of  
the ,lansmeres might actually tend only 
to secure4 ,could ,harley1 with all his 
own expectations1 be indifferent to such
 a prize8--and no doubt he had learned  
,violante's rare beauty in his          
correspondence with ,riccabocca4  ,thus 
considered1 it seemed natural to        
,randal's estimate of human nature1 that
 ,harley's more prudish scruples of     
honor1 as regards what is due to women1 
could not resist a temptation so strong4
 ,mere friendship was not a motive      
powerful enough to shake them1 but      
ambition was4  ,while ,randal was thus  
cogitating1 ,frank thus suffering1 and  
many a whisper1 in comment on the       
evident flirtation between the beautiful
 hostess and the accomplished guest1    

reached the ears both of the brooding   
schemer and the jealous lover1 the      
conversation between the two objects of 
remark and gossip had taken a new turn4 
,indeed1 ,beatrice had made an effort to
 change it4  ,it is long1 my lord1 said 
she1 still speaking ,italian1 since ,i  
have heard sentiments like those you    
address to me2 and if ,i do not feel    
myself wholly unworthy of them1 it is   
from the pleasure ,i have felt in       
reading sentiments equally foreign to   
the language of the world in which ,i   
live4 ,she took a book from the table as
 she spoke3 ,have you seen this work8   
,harley glanced at the title-page4 ,to  
be sure ,i have1 and ,i know the author4
  ,i envy you that honor4 ,i should so  
like also to know one who has discovered
 to me deeps in my own heart which ,i   
had never explored4  ,charming          
,marchesa1 if the book has done this1   
believe me that ,i have paid you no     
false compliment--formed no             
overflattering estimate of your nature2 

for the charm of the work is but in its 
simple appeal to good and generous      
emotions1 and it can charm none in whom 
those emotions exist not6  ,nay1 that   
cannot be true1 or why is it so popular8
  ,because good and generous emotions   
are more common to the human heart than 
we are aware of till the appeal comes4  
,don't ask me to think that6 ,i have    
found the world so base4  ,pardon me a  
rude question2 but what do you know of  
the world8  ,beatrice looked first in   
surprise at ,harley1 then glanced round 
the room with significant irony4  ,as ,i
 thought2 you call this little room 'the
 world4' ,be it so4 ,i will venture to  
say1 that if the people in this room    
were suddenly converted into an audience
 before a stage1 and you were as        
consummate in the actor's art as you are
 in all others that please and command--
  ,well8  ,and were to deliver a speech 
full of sordid and base sentiments1 you 
would be hissed4 ,but let any other     
woman1 with half your powers1 arise and 

utter sentiments sweet and womanly1 or  
honest and lofty--and applause would    
flow from every lip1 and tears rush to  
many a worldly eye4 ,the true proof of  
the inherent nobleness of our common    
nature is in the sympathy it betrays    
with what is noble wherever crowds are  
collected4 ,never believe the world is  
base2--if it were so1 no society could  
hold together for a day4 ,but you would 
know the author of this book8 ,i will   
bring him to you4  ,do4  ,and now1 said 
,harley rising1 and with his candid     
winning smile1 do you think we shall    
ever be friends8  ,you have startled me 
so1 that ,i can scarcely answer4 ,but   
why would you be friends with me8       
,because you need a friend4 ,you have   
none8  ,strange flatterer6 said         
,beatrice1 smiling1 though very sadly2  
and looking up1 her eye caught          
,randal's4  ,pooh6 said ,harley1 you are
 too penetrating to believe that you    
inspire friendship there4 ,ah1 do you   
suppose that1 all the while ,i have been

 conversing with you1 ,i have not       
noticed the watchful gaze of ,mr4       
,randal ,leslie8 ,what tie can possibly 
connect you together ,i know not yet2   
but ,i soon shall4  ,indeed6 you talk   
like one of the old ,council of ,venice4
 ,you try hard to make me fear you1 said
 ,beatrice1 seeking to escape from the  
graver kind of impression ,harley had   
made on her1 by the affectation1 partly 
of coquetry1 partly of levity4  ,and ,i1
 said ,l',estrange1 calmly1 tell you    
already1 that ,i fear you no more4 ,he  
bowed1 and passed through the crowd to  
rejoin ,audley1 who was seated in a     
corner1 whispering with some of his     
political colleagues4 ,before ,harley   
reached the minister1 he found himself  
close to ,randal and young ,hazeldean4  
,he bowed to the first1 and extended his
 hand to the last4 ,randal felt the     
distinction1 and his sullen1 bitter     
pride was deeply galled--a feeling of   
hate towards ,harley passed into his    
mind4 ,he was pleased to see the cold   

hesitation with which ,frank just       
touched the hand offered to him4 ,but   
,randal had not been the only person    
whose watch upon ,beatrice the keen-eyed
 ,harley had noticed4 ,harley had seen  
the angry looks of ,frank ,hazeldean1   
and divined the cause4 ,so he smiled    
forgivingly at the slight he had        
received4  ,you are like me1 ,mr4       
,hazeldean1 said he4 ,you think         
something of the heart should go with   
all courtesy that bespeaks friendship-- 
,the hand of ,douglas is his own4  ,here
 ,harley drew aside ,randal4 ,mr4       
,leslie1 a word with you4 ,if ,i wished 
to know the retreat of ,dr4 ,riccabocca1
 in order to render him a great service1
 would you confide to me that secret8   
,that woman has let out her suspicions  
that ,i know the exile's retreat1       
thought ,randal2 and with rare presence 
of mind1 he replied at once--  ,my      
,lord1 yonder stands a connection of    
,dr4 ,riccabocca's4 ,mr4 ,hazeldean is  
surely the person to whom you should    

address this inquiry4  ,not so1 ,mr4    
,leslie2 for ,i suspect that he cannot  
answer it1 and that you can4 ,well1 ,i  
will ask something that it seems to me  
you may grant without hesitation4       
,should you see ,dr4 ,riccabocca1 tell  
him that ,i am in ,england1 and so leave
 it to him to communicate with me or    
not2 but perhaps you have already done  
so8  ,lord ,l',estrange1 said ,randal1  
bowing low1 with pointed formality1     
excuse me if ,i decline either to       
disclaim or acquiesce in the knowledge  
you impute to me4 ,if ,i am acquainted  
with any secret intrusted to me by ,dr4 
,riccabocca1 it is for me to use my own 
discretion how best to guard it4 ,and   
for the rest1 after the ,scotch earl1   
whose words your lordship has quoted1   
refused to touch the hand of ,marmion1  
,douglas could scarcely have called him 
back in order to give him--a message6   
,harley was not prepared for this tone  
in ,mr4 ,egerton's protege1 and his own 
gallant nature was rather pleased than  

irritated by a haughtiness that at least
 seemed to bespeak independence of      
spirit4 ,nevertheless1 ,l',estrange's   
suspicions of ,randal were too strong to
 be easily set aside1 and therefore he  
replied1 civilly1 but with covert       
taunt--  ,i submit to your rebuke1 ,mr4 
,leslie1 though ,i meant not the offence
 you would ascribe to me4 ,i regret my  
unlucky quotation yet the more1 since   
the wit of your retort has obliged you  
to identify yourself with ,marmion1 who1
 though a clever and brave fellow1 was  
an uncommonly--tricky one4 ,and so      
,harley1 certainly having the best of   
it1 moved on1 and joining ,egerton1 in a
 few minutes more both left the room4   
,what was ,l',estrange saying to you8   
asked ,frank4 ,something about          
,beatrice1 ,i am sure4  ,no2 only       
quoting poetry4  ,then1 what made you   
look so angry1 my dear fellow8 ,i know  
it was your kind feeling for me4 ,as you
 say1 he is a formidable rival4 ,but    
that can't be his own hair4 ,do you     

think he wears a toupet8 ,i am sure he  
was praising ,beatrice4 ,he is evidently
 very much smitten with her4 ,but ,i    
don't think she is a woman to be caught 
by mere rank and fortune6 ,do you8 ,why 
can't you speak8  ,if you do not get her
 consent soon1 ,i think she is lost to  
you1 said ,randal slowly2 and1 before   
,frank could recover his dismay1 glided 
from the house4   ,,chapter ,,ix4       
,violante's first evening at the        
,lansmeres1 had seemed happier to her   
than the first evening1 under the same  
roof1 had done to ,helen4 ,true that she
 missed her father much--,jemima        
somewhat2 but she so identified her     
father's cause with ,harley1 that she   
had a sort of vague feeling that it was 
to promote that cause that she was on   
this visit to ,harley's parents4 ,and   
the ,countess1 it must be owned1 was    
more emphatically cordial to her than   
she had ever yet been to ,captain       
,digby's orphan4 ,but perhaps the real  
difference in the heart of either girl  

was this1 that ,helen felt awe of ,lady 
,lansmere1 and ,violante felt only love 
for ,lord ,l',estrange's mother4        
,violante1 too1 was one of those persons
 whom a reserved and formal person1 like
 the ,countess1 can get on with1 as the 
phrase goes4 ,not so poor little        
,helen--so shy herself1 and so hard to  
coax into more than gentle              
monosyllables4 ,and ,lady ,lansmere's   
favorite talk was always of ,harley4    
,helen had listened to such talk with   
respect and interest4 ,violante listened
 to it with inquisitive eagerness--with 
blushing delight4 ,the mother's heart   
noticed the distinction between the two1
 and no wonder that the heart moved more
 to ,violante than to ,helen4 ,lord     
,lansmere1 too1 like most gentlemen of  
his age1 clumped all young ladies       
together1 as a harmless1 amiable1 but   
singularly stupid class of the          
genus-,petticoat1 meant to look pretty1 
play the piano1 and talk to each other  
about frocks and sweethearts4 ,therefore

 this animated1 dazzling creature1 with 
her infinite variety of look and play of
 mind1 took him by surprise1 charmed him
 into attention1 and warmed him into    
gallantry4 ,helen sat in her quiet      
corner1 at her work1 sometimes listening
 with mournful1 though certainly        
unenvious1 admiration at ,violante's    
vivid1 yet ever unconscious1 eloquence  
of word and thought--sometimes plunged  
deep into her own secret meditations4   
,and all the while the work went on the 
same1 under the small noiseless fingers4
 ,this was one of ,helen's habits that  
irritated the nerves of ,lady ,lansmere4
 ,she despised young ladies who were    
fond of work4 ,she did not comprehend   
how often it is the resource of the     
sweet womanly mind1 not from want of    
thought1 but from the silence and the   
depth of it4 ,violante was surprised1   
and perhaps disappointed1 that ,harley  
had left the house before dinner1 and   
did not return all the evening4 ,but    
,lady ,lansmere1 in making excuse for   

his absence1 on the plea of engagements1
 found so good an opportunity to talk of
 his ways in general--of his rare       
promise in boyhood--of her regret at the
 inaction of his maturity--of her hope  
to see him yet do justice to his natural
 powers1 that ,violante almost ceased to
 miss him4  ,and when ,lady ,lansmere   
conducted her to her room1 and kissing  
her cheek tenderly1 said1 ,but you are  
just the person ,harley admires--just   
the person to rouse him from melancholy 
dreams1 of which his wild humors are now
 but the vain disguise--,violante       
crossed her arms on her bosom1 and her  
bright eyes1 deepened into tenderness1  
seemed to ask1 ,he melancholy--and why8 
,on leaving ,violante's room1 ,lady     
,lansmere paused before the door of     
,helen's2 and1 after musing a little    
while1 entered softly4  ,helen had      
dismissed her maid2 and1 at the moment  
,lady ,lansmere entered1 she was        
kneeling at the foot of the bed1 her    
hands clasped before her face4  ,her    

form1 thus seen1 looked so youthful and 
childlike--the attitude itself was so   
holy and so touching1 that the proud and
 cold expression on ,lady ,lansmere's   
face changed4 ,she shaded the light     
involuntarily1 and seated herself in    
silence1 that she might not disturb the 
act of prayer4  ,when ,helen rose1 she  
was startled to see the ,countess seated
 by the fire2 and hastily drew her hand 
across her eyes4 ,she had been weeping4 
,lady ,lansmere did not1 however1 turn  
to observe those traces of tears1 which 
,helen feared were too visible4 ,the    
,countess was too absorbed in her own   
thoughts2 and as ,helen timidly         
approached1 she said--still with her    
eyes on the clear low fire--,i beg your 
pardon1 ,miss ,digby1 for my intrusion2 
but my son has left it to me to prepare 
,lord ,lansmere to learn the offer you  
have done ,harley the honor to accept4  
,i have not yet spoken to my lord2 it   
may be days before ,i find a fitting    
occasion to do so2 meanwhile1 ,i feel   

assured that your sense of propriety    
will make you agree with me1 that it is 
due to ,lord ,l',estrange's father1 that
 strangers should not learn arrangements
 of such moment in his family1 before   
his own consent be obtained4  ,here the 
,countess came to a full pause2 and poor
 ,helen1 finding herself called upon for
 some reply to this chilling speech1    
stammered out1 scarce audibly--         
,certainly1 madam1 ,i never dreamed of--
  ,that is right1 my dear1 interrupted  
,lady ,lansmere1 rising suddenly1 and as
 if greatly relieved4 ,i could not doubt
 your superiority to ordinary girls of  
your age1 with whom these matters are   
never secret for a moment4 ,therefore1  
of course1 you will not mention1 at     
present1 what has passed between you and
 ,harley1 to any of the friends with    
whom you may correspond4  ,i have no    
correspondents--no friends1 ,lady       
,lansmere1 said ,helen1 deprecatingly1  
and trying hard not to cry4  ,i am very 
glad to hear it1 my dear2 young ladies  

never should have4 ,friends1 especially 
friends who correspond1 are the worst   
enemies they can have4 ,good night1     
,miss ,digby4 ,i need not add1 by the   
way1 that1 though we are bound to show  
all kindness to this young ,italian     
lady1 still she is wholly unconnected   
with our family2 and you will be as     
prudent with her as you would have been 
with your correspondents--had you had   
the misfortune to have any4  ,lady      
,lansmere said the last words with a    
smile1 and pressed a reluctant kiss 7the
 step-mother's kiss7 on ,helen's bended 
brow4 ,she then left the room1 and      
,helen sat on the seat vacated by the   
stately unloving form1 and again covered
 her face with her hands1 and again     
wept4 ,but when she rose at last1 and   
the light fell upon her face1 that soft 
face was sad indeed1 but serene--serene1
 as if with some inward sense of        
duty--sad1 as with the resignation which
 accepts patience instead of hope4      
,,footnotes3  #ba ,continued from page  

#daa4  #bb ,translation of ,charron on  
,wisdom4 ,by ,g4 ,stanhope1 ,d4,d41 late
 ,dean of ,canterbury 7#agbi74 ,a       
translation remarkable for ease1 vigor1 
and 7despite that contempt for the      
strict rules of grammar1 which was      
common enough amongst writers at the    
commencement of the last century7 for   
the idiomatic raciness of its ,english4 
,from ,household ,words4  ,,choice      
,,secrets4   ,light a room with         
spermaceti1 anoint your face with the   
same substance1 and you will seem to all
 beholders to have the head of a sperm  
whale upon your shoulders4 ,when you    
would have men in the house seem to be  
without heads3 take yellow brimstone    
with oil1 and put it in a lamp and light
 it1 and set it in the midst amongst    
men1 and you shall see a wonder4 ,these 
are two out of a large mass of facts    
which form a compact body of ancestral  
wisdom4 ,they lie before us in a        
venerable volume1 whose grave           
frontispiece is adorned with the        

portraitures of ,alexis1 ,albertus      
,magnus1 ,dr4 ,reade1 ,raymond ,lully1  
,dr4 ,harvey1 ,lord ,bacon1 and ,dr4    
,john ,wecker4 ,john ,wecker1 ,doctor in
 ,physic1 first compiled the book1 and  
,dr4 ,r4 ,read augmented and enlarged   
it4 ,a like work never before was in the
 ,english tongue4 ,it was printed in the
 year #affa1 for ,simon ,miller1 at the 
,starre in ,st4 ,paul's ,church ,yard1  
and it is entitled1 ,eighteen ,books of 
the ,secrets of ,art and ,nature1 being 
the ,summe and ,substance of ,naturall  
,philosophy1 ,methodically ,digested4   
,the book is one of considerable size   
and pretension1 written by wise doctors 
in the good old time1 two hundred years 
ago4 ,let us not be conceited and harp  
only on the strings provided to our     
fingers in the nineteenth century4 ,for 
a few minutes1 at least1 it will not do 
us harm to get a little scientific      
information from our ancestors4 ,we     
shall glean1 therefore1 some random     
facts out of the harvest-field of       

,doctors ,mead and ,wecker1 selecting1  
of course1 most characteristic1 those   
which our forefathers may call          
exclusively their own4  ,the volume     
opens with scientific information on the
 subject of ,angels and ,devils1        
including1 of course1 the fact that     
,witches kill children1 and divers      
cattle1 which we find by various        
experience1 and by relation of others   
that are worthy to be believed4 ,but if 
you will say they are mere delusions of 
the ,devil1 whereby he makes foolish    
women mad that are entangled by him1    
that they believe they do those things  
which neither they nor the devil can do2
 if we can so avoid it1 we may as well  
deny any thing else1 be it never so     
evident4 --,if you deny that1 you may   
deny any thing--is a phrase not yet     
dead4 ,applied two hundred years ago to 
the experience concerning witches1 it   
has been industriously employed to the  
present day1 and is employed still on   
behalf of a great many fresh delusions4 

,as for the gentleman1 whom truth is    
said to shame1 he claimed his distinct  
chapter in the minds of old physicians1 
because1 as the book before us has it1  
he can cause many diseases1 of the      
reasons whereof we are ignorant4 ,also  
he can do this1 or that2 being subtile1 
he can easily pass through all parts of 
the body1 which he can bind1 pull back1 
or torment otherwise4  ,passing on now1 
as we follow the march of high          
philosophy1 to secrets of the sun and   
moon2 it may be worth while to          
understand1 as our forefathers taught1  
that it is easie to guess at the fortune
 of every year by the stars1 if a man   
consider twelve1 nineteen1 eight1 four1 
and thirty4 ,somebody wants to know what
 luck he will have in #ahec4 ,let him   
consider #ahda 7twelve years back71 let 
him consider #ahcd 7nineteen years      
back71 and1 for the eight1 four1 thirty1
 let him look back to the years #ahde1  
#ahdi1 and #ahbc4 ,let him reflect on   
the nature of his fortune in each of    

those years1 look up his old diaries1   
combine their results1 and that will    
give him the character of his fate in   
#ahec4 ,jupiter is somehow at the bottom
 of this1 but we are too modern and     
ignorant to understand the author's     
explanation4  ,among secrets concerning 
fire1 are those two facts connected with
 spermaceti and brimstone already       
stated4 ,any one living in the country1 
whom the croaking of the frogs may      
trouble of a night1 will doubtless be   
glad to hear of a remedy3 ,take the fat 
of a crocodile1 and make it up with wax 
while in the sun1 and make a candle of  
it1 and light it in the place where     
frogs are1 and when they see that they  
will presently cease crying4 ,where     
crocodile's fat cannot be had1 the fat  
of a dolphin will do4 ,prescriptions    
abound1 by the use of which men may     
appear to wear the heads of asses1      
horses1 dogs1 or to resemble elephants4 
,there is a receipt also for making a   
faire light1 that the house may seem all

 full of serpents so long as the wick   
doth burn4 ,but we pass over these      
pleasant methods of illumination1 simply
 remarking1 that if our wise ancestors  
were right1 the volume now before us    
would procure a sudden fortune to the   
lessees of ,vauxhall4 ,by the use of    
some dozen kinds of cunningly prepared  
lamps1 the ,royal ,gardens might in good
 faith be chronicled in its bills as a  
scene of enchantment4 ,at one turn of a 
walk1 all visitors would show their     
heads1 and at another1 none2 in another 
grove they would be elephants1 and in   
another they would look like angels4    
,the ,rotunda might be lighted for a    
diabolical effect1 and the ,dark ,walk  
illuminated brilliantly with dolphin's  
fat1 funeral cloth and ,azemat1 whose   
light makes every body invisible4 ,this1
 again1 is no bad hint for a country    
tallow-chandler1 who supplies light to  
the ladies of a solemn village1 where he
 is annoyed by the neglect of any       
gayeties that would create large orders 

for composite or sperm3 ,to make women  
rejoice mightily4 ,make candles of the  
fat of hares1 and light them1 and let   
them stand awhile in the middle where   
women are3 they will not be so merry as 
to dance2 yet sometimes that falls out  
also4  ,it is a wonder that some report 
how that the tooth of a badger1 or his  
left foot bound to a man's right arm    
will strengthen the memory4 ,boys1 who  
have lessons to learn1 may like to know 
that fact2 and teachers1 who have idle  
pupils1 must not flog1 but feed them    
upon cresses4 ,cresses eaten make a man 
industrious4 ,young ladies1 who believe 
in their ancestors1 will thank us for   
repeating their opinion that the use of 
a ring1 which was lain for a certain    
time in a sparrow's nest1 will procure  
love4 ,nor need any dread the penalties 
of matrimony1 since the man who carries 
with him a hartshorn shall alwaies have 
peace with his wife3 and also1 the heart
 of a male quail1 carried by the man1   
and the heart of a female quail1 by the 

woman1 will cause that no quarrels can  
ever arise between them4 ,the man who   
carries a quail's heart in his pocket   
may face his wife1 and never have to    
feel his own heart quailing underneath  
his ribs4  ,old ,parr dined probably    
upon serpents1 not1 as is commonly      
reported1 upon pills4 ,it is known that 
stags renew their age by eating         
serpents2 so the phoenix is restored by 
the nest of spices shee makes to burn   
in4 ,the pelican hath the same virtue1  
whose right foot1 if it be put under hot
 dung1 after three months a pelican will
 be bred from it4 ,wherefore some       
physicians1 with some confections1 made 
of a viper and hellebore1 and of some of
 the flesh of these creatures1 do       
promise to restore youth1 and sometimes 
they do it4 ,if the ,zoological ,society
 has proper respect for our ancestors1  
they will not delay to sow a hot-bed    
with pelicans' feet4 ,young shoots of   
pelican would be much more appropriate  
beside the gravel-walks than your mere  

vegetable pelargonium4  ,in the way of  
practice of medicine1 we moderns say    
that any thing like scientific          
principles1 on which one can depend1    
have only been attained in our own      
lifetime4 ,doctors differed1 and bumped 
against each other1 only because all    
alike were feeling through the dark4 ,in
 our own day there is light enough to   
keep doctors from differing very        
grossly1--gross difference springing    
generally more from the want of         
knowledge in an individual1 than in the 
profession generally4 ,although there is
 yet a vast deal to be learned4 ,in the 
first century1 ,asclepiades dubbed the  
medical system of ,hippocrates1 a cold  
meditation of death4 ,under ,nero there 
arose a ,dr4 ,thessalus1 who taught that
 ,nature was the guide to follow and    
obey in all diseases2 and1 therefore1   
under his system patients were simply to
 be liberally and rapidly supplied with 
every thing they fancied4 ,paracelsus1  
in the sixteenth century1 looked for a  

patient's symptoms in the stars2 so we  
must not be surprised if the ,secrets in
 ,physic and ,surgery1 published among  
the other secrets in this volume now    
before us1 contain odd information4     
,here is a nice cure for a quartan ague1
 which might tickle a patient's stomach 
sooner than his fancy3 ,seven wig-lice  
of the bed1 wrapped in a great grape    
husk1 and swallowed down alive before   
the fit4 ,another cure is effected when 
the patient eats the parings of his     
nails and toes1 mingled with wax4 ,there
 are many remedies against the ,plague2 
but that one which is recommended as    
,the ,best ,thing against the ,plague1  
is for a man to wash his mouth with     
vinegar and water before he goes out1   
drinking also a spoonful of the liquor2 
then to press his nose and stop his     
breath1 so that by the vapor and steam  
held in your mouth1 the brain be        
moistened4 ,in the following            
prescription we believe entirely3 ,for  
,melancholy4 ,it is no small remedy to  

cure melancholy1 to rub your body all   
over with nettles4  ,book ,five contains
 secrets for beautifying the human body4
 ,the following receipt1 which comes    
first1 for giving people a substantial  
look1 seems to be somewhat too          
efficacious to be often tried3 ,to make 
men fat4 ,if you mingle with the fat of 
a lizard1 salt-petre and cummin and     
wheat-meal1 hens fatted with this meat  
will be so fat1 that men that eat of    
them1 will eat until they burst4 ,a     
degree of fatness in hens equal to this 
will never be communicated by our       
degenerate modern agriculturists4 ,for  
the hair-dyes1 favored by our           
forefathers1 we cannot1 however1 say    
much1 for we must differ in taste very  
decidedly4 ,recipes are given for       
obtaining1 not only black1 but white    
hair1 yellow hair1 red hair1 and ,to    
make your hair seem ,,green4 ,nobody in 
these days will use a course of the     
distilled water of capers to make his   
hair look like a meadow2 and even1 if   

any body among us1 too fastidious as we 
now are1 wanted yellow hair1 we do not  
think that he would consent to rub into 
his head for that purpose honey and the 
yolk of eggs4 ,there are also in this   
part of the work some ungallant         
recommendations of substances1 which a  
man may chew in order that1 presently   
breathing near a lady's cheek1 he may   
discolor it1 and so detect her artifice1
 if she should happen to be painted4    
,among secrets for beautifying the body1
 we cannot but think this also          
indicative of an odd taste2 ,if you     
would change the color of children's    
eyes1 you shall do it thus2 with the    
ashes of the small nut-shells1 with oil 
you must anoint the forepart of their   
head2 it will make the whites of        
children's eyes black2 ,,do ,,it        
,,often6  ,concerning wine1 it is worth 
knowing1 that to cure a man of          
drunkenness1 you should put eels into   
his wine4 ,delightful dreams will visit 
the couch of him who has eaten          

moderately1 for supper1 of a horse's    
tongue1 and taken balm for salad4 ,this 
is ,a means to make a man sleep sweetly1
 which we recommend to the attention of 
all restless people1 who have proper    
faith in their forefathers4 ,as we have 
passed over a good many pages1 and come 
to the secrets of asses1 we may put     
down1 a propos to nothing1 that ,if an  
ass have a stone bound to his tail he   
cannot bray4  ,the following may be     
tried in a few months by ladies in the  
country1 who rise early on a fine spring
 morning2 they may thus earn the delight
 of exhibiting to their friends one of  
the prettiest balloon ascents that any  
body can conceive3 ,in ,may1 fill an    
egg-shell with ,may-dew1 and set it in  
the hot sun at noon-day1 and the sun    
will draw it up4  ,the secrets of       
gardening1 known to our forefathers1    
annihilate all claim in ,sir ,joseph    
,paxton to the commonest consideration4 
,they taught how to get the blue roses  
by manuring with indigo1 or green roses 

by digging verdigris about the roots4   
,they taught the whole art of perfuming 
fruit1 by steeping the seeds of the     
future tree in oil of spike1 or         
rose-water and musk4 ,if1 say our       
ancestors1 you would have peaches1      
plums1 or cherries without any stone1   
you have only1 when the tree is a twig1 
to pick out all the pith before you set 
it4 ,to get your filbert-trees to bear  
you fruit all kernel1 you have only to  
crack a nut1 and sow the kernel only1   
covered with a little wool4 ,and very   
much more marvellous1 in the annals of  
gardening1 is the receipt for getting   
peach-trees that bear fruit covered with
 inscriptions3 ,when you have eaten the 
peach1 steep the stone two or three days
 in water1 and open it gently1 and take 
the kernal out of it767 and write       
something within the shell with an iron 
graver1 what you please1 yet not too    
deep1 then wrap it in paper and set it2 
whatever you write in the shell you     
shall find written in the fruit4 ,such  

shrewd things mingled with the more     
ordinary knowledge of our ancestors upon
 affairs of gardening4  ,it will be seen
 that for many of these facts there was 
a reason close at hand4 ,our forefathers
 were wise enough to know that every    
thing required properly accounting for4 
,thus1 for example1 in the secrets of   
metals3 ,some report that a candle      
lighted of man's fat1 and brought to the
 place where the treasures are hid1 will
 discover them with the noise2 and when 
it is near them it will go out4 ,if this
 be true1 it ariseth from sympathy2 for 
fat is made of blood1 and blood is the  
seat of the soul and spirits1 and both  
these are held by the desire of silver  
and gold1 so long as a man lives2 and   
therefore they trouble the blood2 so    
here is sympathy4  ,if a man would      
prevent hail from coming down1 he is to 
walk about his garden1 with a           
crocodile--stuffed1 of course--and hang 
it up in the middle4 ,pieces of the skin
 of a hippopotamus1 wherever they are   

buried1 keep off storms4 ,a             
thunder-storm also can be put to rout by
 firing cannons at it2 for by the force 
of the sound moving the air1 the        
exhalations are driven upward4 7,in the 
same way1 the plague was said to yield  
before a cannonade47 ,some who observe  
hail coming on1 bring a huge            
looking-glass1 and observe the largeness
 of the cloud1 and by that              
remedy1--whether objected against1 or   
despised by it1 or it is displeased with
 it2 or whether1 being doubled1 it gives
 way to the other 7in some way or other 
one must find out a reason71 they       
suddenly turn it off and remove it4 ,an 
owl stuck up in the fields1 with its    
wings spread1 served also as a          
scare-crow to the tempests4 ,as         
lightning conductor on a roof1 it was   
thought wise to put an egg-shell1 out of
 which a chicken had been hatched on    
,ascension-day4 ,thunderbolt stones were
 said to sweat during a storm1 which was
 not thought a more wonderful fact than 

the perspirations streaming out of glass
 windows in winter when the stove is    
hot4 ,our ancestors were far too wise to
 be surprised at any thing4  ,secrets of
 alchemy1 magic1 and astrology are1 of  
course1 very profound2 we pass over     
these and many more2 among secrets of   
cookery we pause1 shuddering4 ,whipping 
young pigs to death1 to make them tender
 eating1 used to be quite bad enough2   
and some of our own hidden devices in   
the meat trade are1 even now1 equally   
revolting2 but here we meet with a      
device of the wise ancestors1 which may1
 perhaps1 stand at the head of all      
culinary horrors4 ,remembering that     
these cooks were also apt at roasting   
men1 we will inflict this illustration  
on our readers3 ,to roast a ,goose      
alive4 ,let it be a duck or goose1 or   
some such lively creature2 but a goose  
is best of all for this purpose2 leaving
 his neck1 pull off all the feathers    
from his body1 then make a fire round   
about him1 not too wide1 for that will  

not roast him2 within the place set here
 and there small pots full of water1    
with salt and honey mixed therewith1 and
 let there be dishes set full of roasted
 apples1 and cut in pieces in the dish1 
and let the goose be basted with butter 
all over1 and larded to make him better 
meat1 and he may roast the better2 put  
fire to it2 do not make too much haste1 
when he begins to roast1 walking about1 
and striving to fly away2 the fire stops
 him in1 and he will fall to drink water
 to quench his thirst2 this will cool   
his heart1 and the other parts of his   
body1 and1 by this medicament1 he       
looseneth his belly and grows empty4    
,and when he roasteth and consumes      
inwardly1 always wet his head and heart 
with a wet sponge2 but when you see him 
run madding and stumble1 his heart wants
 moisture1 take him away1 set him before
 your guests1 and he will cry as you cut
 off any part from him1 and will be     
almost eaten up before he be dead2 it is
 very pleasant to behold4  ,degenerate  

moderns would most certainly be unable  
to enjoy such hospitality1 and would be 
cured as thoroughly of any appetite as  
if their host had employed another of   
the secrets of our ancestors4 ,that     
guests may not eat at table1 do this3   
,you must have a needle that dead people
 are often sewed up in their            
winding-sheet2 and at beginning of      
supper secretly stick this under the    
table2 this will hinder the guests from 
eating1 that they will rather be weary  
to sit1 than desirous to eat2 take it   
away when you have laughed at them      
awhile4  ,take it away1 we must say now 
to the old book4 ,as we have said1 our  
specimens1 drawn from an immense mass of
 the same kind1 do not represent the    
sole character of the volume4 ,it       
states1 also1 a very large number of    
facts1 confirmed and explained in the   
present day1 being a fair transcript of 
the average standard of opinion among   
learned doctors upon a great number of  
things4 ,have we not made a little      

progress since those good old times1 and
 would it be a pleasant thing to get    
them back again8 ,to come home to every 
man's breakfast-table1 we may ask the   
public to decide between the coffee now 
made1 and the coffee of the good old    
times4 ,in a somewhat expensive book1   
addressed only to wealthy readers1 ,drs4
 ,read and ,weckir disclose this secret 
of good coffee1 for the ladies and      
gentlemen of #affj3--,take the berry1   
put it in a tin pudding-pan1 and when   
bread hath been in the oven about       
half-an-hour1 put in your coffee2 there 
let it stand till you draw your bread2  
then beat it and sift it2 mix it thus3  
first boyl your water about             
half-an-hour2 to every quart of water   
put in a spoonful of the pouder of      
coffee2 then let it boyl one-third away2
 clear it off from the setlings2 and the
 next day put fresh water2 and so add   
every day fresh water1 so long as any   
setlings remain4 ,often ,tryed4         
,authors and ,books4   ,,arthor         

,,schopenhauer1 of ,berlin1 has recently
 published ,parerga und ,paralipomena1  
or little ,philosophical ,writings1 in  
which1 according to a ,leipsic reviewer1
 the author asserts that his philosophy 
is not merely the only advance in that  
department since the days of ,kant1 but 
that his system bears the same relation 
to all earlier philosophy1 that the ,new
 ,testament bears to the ,old4 ,in      
addition to this1 he attempts to solve  
the problem1 how can it be possible that
 he has ever been as unknown to the     
literary and scientific world as the    
,man in the ,moon1 while the absurdest  
and most ridiculous theories1 such1 for 
example1 as those of ,fichte1           
,schelling1 and ,hegel1 have been so    
generally accepted4 ,but as he1 in spite
 of the most earnest endeavors1 can find
 no internal ground for this            
unaccountable blindness of the public1  
he seeks it in another direction4 ,these
 impudent sophists1 it seems1 have had  
no other ground than simply that of     

making money6 ,with the hocus-pocus of  
common charlatans they have carried     
their wares to market1 and as candidates
 and teachers of philosophy generally   
spring up from the same effort1 there   
resulted an alliance of charlatans whose
 object it was on the one side to raise 
themselves to heaven1 and on the other  
to suppress all true thinking1 so that  
the public might be prevented1 by a just
 consideration of their own             
worthlessness4 ,such accusations as     
those1 continues our reviewer1 awaken an
 unfavorable impression1 which is not in
 the least diminished by continued      
boasting and grandiloquence1 and a      
clumsy roughness of style1 which not    
unfrequently falls into downright       
burlesque4 ,the work itself is an odd   
mixture of actual recollections and     
arbitrary fancies1 of explanations and  
superstitions1 which force us to regret 
that many really admirable thoughts     
which occasionally surprise the reader  
in an assembly of trivialities and      

paradoxes1 must inevitably be lost4     
,those philosophers certainly provoke   
sharp criticism when we separate their  
truly scientific contents from their    
visions and dispositions1 and it would  
perhaps be more in accordance with the  
spirit of the age to return more        
earnestly to ,kant than most of the more
 recent philosophers are accustomed to  
do4 ,still nothing is in the least      
gained for the negative aim of          
criticism1 when the critic makes it such
 an easy matter to cast away1 without   
further consideration1 all of the latest
 advances in philosophy1 because he     
believes that he has detected errors in 
their pretended fundamental thoughts1   
without first ascertaining whether these
 fundamental thoughts are really the    
leading principle of the system1 and    
when he on his own side falls into      
suppositions which have certainly       
received long since a satisfactory      
refutation from the later philosophy2   
as1 for example1 in the ,kantean        

opposition of things in themselves1 and 
their appearances4 ,the positive1 with  
which ,herr ,schopenhauer believes that 
he has enriched science1 the derivation 
of united spiritual functions from the  
will1 and the correction of the course  
of the world1 by the idea that the true 
aim of life is to scorn it1 might with  
greater propriety be classed in the     
sphere of 'visions and dispositions1'   
which he so fiercely attacks1 than in   
that of science4 ,the discussions which 
fill these two volumes1 and are spread  
out over every imaginable subject1 even 
to ghosts1 the possibility of whose     
existence is admitted1 have naturally a 
very varied character1 and can only1 by 
a continued polemic1 and a fragmentary  
system of examination harmonizing       
therewith1 be brought into unity4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,the second part of ,,wachsmuth',s      
,allgemeine ,culturgeschichte 7,history 
of ,civilization1 for so we venture to  
translate the word ,cultur71 which      

indicates more strictly all referring to
 those social influences which refine1  
form1 and educate society1 has recently 
appeared4 ,the volume referred to       
contains ,the ,middle ,ages1 and is     
highly spoken of for the skilful manner 
in which the author has treated the     
influence exerted by the ,byzantine and 
,mohammedan races4 ,another historical  
work of importance is the fourth and    
concluding volume containing the tenth  
and twelfth books of ,,hammer           
,,purgstall',s ,life of ,cardinal       
,khlesl1 compiled from contemporary     
documents4 ,in it we have the last      
diplomatic acts of the ,cardinal1 of the
 intrigues of the ,grand ,dukes         
,ferdinand and ,maximilian relative to  
him1 and of his consequent arrest and   
abduction4 ,the eleventh book details   
his imprisonment in ,innspruck and in   
the ,abbey ,st4 ,georgenberg1 the       
negotiations with the ,pope relative to 
him1 and his delivery to the latter on  
the #bdth ,october1 #afbb4 ,in the      

twelfth we have the details of his      
residence in ,rome1 of the part he took 
in instituting the ,propaganda1 his     
return home after an absence of ten     
years1 his subsequent clerical          
exertions1 and his testament4 ,the      
conclusion gives a parallel drawn       
between ,khlesl1 ,wolsey1 and           
,ximenes--a description of his personal 
appearance and an explanation of the    
exertions of power brought to bear      
against him1 with the final judgment    
that those truly to blame were the grand
 dukes and not ,khlesl1 and that the    
,cardinal1 if not entirely devoid of    
blame1 was still a great character1 and 
one of the most illustrious statesmen of
 ,austria4 ,another new historical work 
is the ,laben des ,herzogs von          
,sachsen-,gotha und ,altenburg1         
,freiderich ,,ii4 ,ein ,bei trazzur     
,geschichte ,gotha's beim ,wechsel d4   
#ag1 und #ah1 ,jahrh4 ,herausgegeben    
nach dessen ,tode von ,dr4 ,,ad4        
,,moritz ,,schulze1 ,director d4        

,burgerschule zu ,gotha 7or ,life of the
 ,duke of ,saxe ,gotha and ,altenburg1  
,frederic the ,,ii47 ,a contribution to 
the history of ,gotha during the changes
 of the seventeenth and eighteenth      
centuries4 ,published after the death of
 the author by ,dr4 ,ad4 ,moritz        
,schulze1 director of the ,citizen      
,school of ,gotha1 this work appears to 
be well and warmly1 though impartially  
written4         99       99       99   
99       99  ,in theology1 we observe   
the publication1 by ,,albert ,,wessel   
,,von ,,hengel1 of ,commentarius        
,perpetuus in ,prioris ,pauli ad        
,corinthios ,epistolae ,caput ,quintum  
,decimum cum ,epistola ad ,winerum1     
,theol4 ,lips4 ,haag4 7,boedeker in     
,rotterdam74 ,in this book we perceive  
that the important fifteenth chapter of 
the ,letter to the ,corinthians is      
philologically treated with true ,dutch 
thoroughness and remarkable erudition1  
but that the results to which he comes  
are often untenable1 and that a         

satisfactory decision as to the proposed
 dogmatic questions1 such as advanced   
theological science requires1 is not    
given4 ,the peculiar views of the author
 as to the aim or object of the chapter 
have also had an effect on the          
explanation of many passages4 ,it is    
asserted1 for instance1 a la ,bush1 that
 ,paul does not speak of the            
resurrection of the body1 but that he   
means by this resurrection the return of
 all men into life1 or immortality2 and 
regarding this1 has in view only those  
who admit ,christ1 and their future     
happiness2 and that even verse          
forty-nine contains only a comparison of
 the moral condition of ,christians in  
this and a better life4 ,yet            
notwithstanding this he finds himself   
compelled to admit1 by the fifty-second 
verse1 that the same bodies which we    
have here on earth1 again return to     
life4 ,by the ,greek3 parousia of       
,christ 7v4 #bc7 he understands earthly 
life1 and by ,greek3 oi tou ,christou en

 te parousia autou1 those ,christians   
who already believed on him while yet on
 earth1 and by the ,greek3 telos1 not   
the end of the world with its universal 
resurrection and judgment1 but the      
resurrection of the later ,christians4  
,the oft-repeated ,greek3 speiretai 7v4 
#dc7 he translates by it is begotten or 
generated1 and understands it as        
referring to an entry into earthly life1
 and that the ,greek3 choikos of the    
forty-seventh verse refers to the       
earthly disposition or inclination1 and 
the ,greek3 ex ournou and ,greek3       
epouranios to that of the heavenly4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,among recent books of travel we have ,a
 ,journey to ,persia and the country of 
the ,koords1 and the preceding sketch1  
,souvenirs of the ,danube and           
,bosphorus1 by ,,moritz ,,wagner4 ,the  
,journey to ,persia contains much       
curious information and observation of a
 country but little known to the outer  
world1 while in the ,souvenirs we have  

bitter complaints and merciless         
revelations relative to the ,metternich 
policy in the ,east1 and the conduct and
 character of the ,austrian diplomatic  
representative by the ,porte4 ,many     
curious facts are also given relative to
 the present condition of ,turkey1 the  
personal appearance of the ,sultan and  
divers ,constantinopolitan dignitaries  
and foreign ambassadors4 ,the           
commendatory characteristic of this work
 appears to consist in the fact1 that   
the author1 unlike the great majority of
 those who are elevated to constant     
familiarity with men of high standing   
and influence1 is remarkably independent
 and unselfish in his views1 and        
invariably speaks bold plain truth1 even
 of individuals in whose power it       
actually lies to do him very decided    
injury4 ,no person desirous of being au 
courant as to the great political world 
of the present day1 should be ignorant  
of this work4         99       99       
99       99       99  ,a work has       

recently been published at ,ratisbon1   
entitled4 ,die ,katholischon ,missionen1
 ,geschildert aus der ,neuzeit1         
,miteinem ,anhange1 ,zwei ,missionen in 
dem ,jahr #agaf und #agah 7,catholic    
,missions1 ,sketched from recent times1 
with a supplement2 ,two ,missions in the
 years #agaf and #agah74 ,of this       
performance a ,german review remarks1   
that it was once believed that the power
 of the ,jesuits was for ever broken1   
but lo6 they again lift their heads in  
power4 ,missions are one of the means by
 which they act upon the people--a      
number of ,jesuits repair to a certain  
place1 and day after day its inhabitants
 are preached to1 taught1 confessions   
heard1 and mass read festally4 ,the book
 is a eulogium of ,catholicism1 and     
especially of the ,jesuits1 as its      
truest representatives1 with occasional 
passes at democracy1 the unbelievers1   
the administration1 and bureaucracy4 ,it
 praises ,catholicism as the only means 
whereby the revolution can be           

restrained2 it tells of devotions to the
 heart of the ,virgin ,mary and her     
medals1 and of the plenary remission    
which the missions bring4 ,it exalts the
 obedience of the ,jesuits to their     
superiors1 and praises the principle    
that they1 without any will of their    
own1 should be perinde ac cadaver--like 
a corpse4 ,according to this book1 the  
consequences of these missions are      
incalculable1 and the love bestowed upon
 them by the ,jesuits truly affecting4  
,it well-nigh appears the same as if one
 were reading ,chateaubriand's praises  
of the ,patres4 ,only that history1 for 
the past three hundred years1 has given 
a somewhat strong contrast to this      
ideal4 ,the best parts of the book are  
sketches of life in the ,bagnos of      
,toulon and ,brest4         99       99 
99       99       99  ,at ,berlin1 the  
,scientific ,society 7,winenschaftlicher
 ,vereins7 have been giving a course of 
lectures to a large and aristocratic    
audience1 invited by members of the     

society4 ,their success has brought out 
the ,evangelical ,society1 in another   
course of a more theological and        
religious nature4 ,in the first-named   
society1 ,professor ,brandes lately     
lectured upon the ,mormons2 but it seems
 that the majority of the elegant       
gentlemen and ladies1 did not fully     
appreciate his efforts for their        
instruction1 for want of the necessary  
elementary knowledge4 ,when the doctor  
rose and announced his subject1 the     
question was at once whispered in all   
parts of the hall1 ,who are the         
,mormons8 ,the ladies in the most       
brilliant costume were generally the    
most eager in this inquiry4 ,but        
unfortunately they got no satisfaction2 
the common reply of the gentleman       
appealed to being1 ,i am sorry to say ,i
 have forgotten4 ,some1 more learned    
than others1 however1 assured their     
lovely companions that the ,mormons were
 an ,indian tribe of ,america1 closely  
connected with1 if not directly         

descended from1 the ,hurons1 so         
frequently mentioned in ,cooper's       
novels4 ,another amusing                
misunderstanding recently occurred in   
the same course4 ,the lectures are not  
generally announced before-hand1 but one
 day the newspapers got hold of the     
subject1 and informed all the world that
 ,professor ,diterici would read a      
lecture upon ,pera and the desert       
festivals4 ,a great crowd of ladies was 
the consequence1 all agog to hear about 
the picturesque costumes and strange    
ways of ,pera1 the national festivals of
 the ,bedouins1 and1 perhaps1 to have a 
glimpse at the mysteries of the         
seraglio4 ,how great was the            
disappointment of the fashionable       
auditory when the learned doctor rose   
and began his discourse upon ,petra1 the
 ,fastness of the ,desert4 ,that evening
 the ladies went home in very ill humor4
         99       99       99       99  
99  ,a work which political students and
 legislators may read1 with advantage1  

is the ,wesen und ,verfassung der       
,laadgemeinde 7,nature and ,constitution
 of the ,country ,towns1 and of the     
tenure of ,real ,estate in ,lower       
,saxony and ,westphalia1 with special   
regard to the ,kingdom of ,hanover47 ,it
 is by ,mr4 ,,stuve1 recently the ,prime
 ,minister of ,hanover1 and is          
interesting1 especially as exhibiting   
the extent to which the principle of    
local self-government obtains in        
,germany1 and the probabilities and     
methods of its extension4 ,for its      
historical view of the organization of  
the commune or township in ,germany1 it 
is very valuable4         99       99   
99       99       99  ,the second part  
of the ,system of ,ethics1 by ,,imanuel 
,,hermann 7not ,johann ,gottlieb7       
,,fichte1 has recently appeared4 ,the   
anticipations awakened by the first     
historico-critical part of the work do  
not appear to be satisfactorily realized
 by this second dogmatic division4      
99       99       99       99       99  

,among the most entertaining books of   
autobiography must always be reckoned   
,the ,memoirs of the ,margravine of     
,bayreuth1 daughter of ,frederic        
,william ,i41 and sister of ,frederic   
the ,great of ,prussia4 ,they are among 
the chief sources of the history of the 
,german states during the last century1 
and they afford the most striking1 if   
not the most pleasing1 view we have of  
aristocratic ,german manners for the    
same period4 ,in the ,london ,literary  
,gazette it is stated that--       ,the 
revelations of the ,princess1 especially
 concerning the      ,king of ,prussia  
and his court1 if true1 are at least not
      flattering to the ,prussian       
dynasty2 and strenuous attempts         
have for years past been making to      
represent the ',memoirs of      the     
,margravine of ,bayreuth' as a spurious 
work1 concocted by      the enemies of  
,prussia1 for the express purpose of    
humiliating the descendants of ,frederic
 ,william ,i4 ,it so      happened1 that

 at the first publication of the book1  
in      #ahaj1 a rival edition was      
almost immediately given to the         
world in another part of ,germany4 ,the 
publishers of either      book pretended
 to be in exclusive possession of the   
original      ,,ms4 of the unfortunate  
,princess4 ,these conflicting claims    
furnished the partisans of the court of 
,berlin with a very      plausible      
pretext for doubting the genuineness of 
either4      ,but of late1 ,dr4 ,pertz1 
of ,berlin1 when engaged in             
collecting still further proofs of the  
'literary imposition'      practised by 
the editors of the two ,,ms41 happened  
to stumble      on the original         
autograph copy of the ,princess among   
the      books and papers of the        
,protonotarius ,blanet1 at ,celle1 in   
,hanover4 ,herr ,blanet had the ,,ms4   
from ,dr4 ,e4 ,spangenberg1 of          
,celle1 who died in #ahcc1 and who      
bought it from ,colonel      ,osten1    
who1 in his turn1 had received the ,,ms4

 from ,dr4      ,superville1 physician  
to the ,princess1 to whom it had been   
presented by that lady4 ,from a paper   
read by ,dr4 ,pertz1 to      the ,royal 
,academy of ,sciences at ,berlin1       
7,berlin3 ,keimer4      ,london3        
,williams and ,norgate17 it appears     
that1 of the two      existing editions1
 the one published at ,brunswick1 in    
#ahaj1      is a copy1 though not a     
faithful or complete one1 of the        
original ,,ms4 ,this copy in particular 
wants several sheets4      ,at all      
events1 the question as to the          
genuineness of the      ',memoirs of the
 ,margravine of ,bayreuth' is now       
completely      set at rest2 for        
although ,dr4 ,pertz demonstrates at    
some      length that many important    
phrases and parts of phrases are        
wanting in the ,brunswick edition1 he   
has not ventured to      affirm that any
 phrases or statements have been added  
by the      editor4         99       99 
99       99       99  ,a recent book of 

travels published at ,munich is not     
utterly devoid of interest1 though it   
appears to be far inferior to what we   
should have expected from the subject4  
,we refer to the ,errimerungen an       
,italien1 ,sicilian and ,grieohenland   
aus den ,jahren1 #ahbf-ahdd             
7,recollections of ,greece1 ,italy1 and 
,sicily1 in the ,years #ahbf-ahdd71 by  
,,heinrich ,,farmbacher4 ,in company    
with the king of ,bavaria1 and as his   
secretary1 ,herr ,farmbacher travelled  
twice to ,sicily1 once to ,greece1 and  
frequently through ,italy4 ,the         
descriptions of scenes and events appear
 in no instance to rise above           
mediocrity1 nor do we find any of that  
artistic spirit and observation which   
might have been anticipated from an     
intelligent attendant of the great royal
 connoisseur4 ,his anecdotes relative to
 the monarch himself are rare1 trivial1 
and worthless1 for it does not seem to  
have occurred to the royal secretary    
that in such a work his master to the   

general reader is a far more attractive 
individual than himself4 ,as regards    
style1 the book gives from time to time 
curious glimpses of that court lackey   
language so habitual to the upper class 
flunkies of ,herr ,farmbacher's         
description1 and which it is impossible 
for him to entirely suppress even in    
writing4         99       99       99   
99       99  ,the distinguished and     
lamented orientalist ,,klaproth has left
 behind him a large map of ,central     
,asia1 in four sheets1 engraved at      
,paris by ,berthe1 the geographer4 ,this
 map is the product of ten years'       
researches1 and exhibits the topography 
of those vast regions1 with the cities  
it contains1 many of which have hitherto
 been unknown1 and the names of the     
tribes inhabiting it4 ,the map is based 
not only upon the explorations of       
travellers1 but on the ,chinese maps    
made by order of the ,emperor           
,kiang-,long1 and by missionaries in    
,china and ,tartary4 ,it extends on the 

north to the frontiers of ,siberia1     
including the great lake ,balaton2 on   
the south to ,hindostan2 on the west to 
the sea of ,aral and ,persia2 and on the
 east to ,china4         99       99    
99       99       99  ,,hafis is the    
title prefixed to a new collection of   
poems1 by ,g4 ,f4 ,,daumer1 just        
published at ,nuremberg4 ,daumer is one 
of the most original writers in the     
whole scope of the present ,german      
literature4 ,his ,evangelium is         
especially worthy of a far greater      
degree of attention than it has         
received4 ,it is a volume of brief      
poems1 discussing the gravest questions 
with as much warmth and freshness of    
imagination as elevation and beauty of  
style4 ,in this country ,daumer is known
 but to the few whose acquaintance with 
,german literature extends beyond the   
classic writers whose names are familiar
 to all the world4 ,a ,catholic critic  
in ,germany says of him1 that the       
epitaph once proposed for the gravestone

 of ,voltaire will suit equally well    
that of ,daumer4 ,it is as follows3     
,in poesi magnus1     ,in historia      
parvus1     ,in philosophia minimus1    
,in religione nullus4         99        
99       99       99       99           
,,gutzkow',s ,ritter vom ,geiste has    
just appeared in a second edition in    
,germany--no trifling success for a     
romance in nine stout volumes2 another  
,german litterateur has also dramatized 
a part of it4 ,gutzkow is1 beyond       
dispute1 one of the foremost among the  
living writers of ,germany4 ,his        
collected works1 published some years   
since1 in twelve volumes1 have lately   
been increased by a thirteenth1         
containing several fugitive stories1 and
 one or two plays that he has brought   
out at various times4         99        
99       99       99       99  ,we heard
 little of ,scandinavian literature     
until the translations of ,tegner1      
,frederica ,bremer1 ,oelenschlager1 and 
,hans ,christian ,andersen1 called our  

attention to the rich treasures of      
intellectual activity produced under    
that cold northern sky4 ,of course      
constant additions are being made to    
this literature4 ,among its recent      
productions is a comedy by ,,andersen1  
based on a fairy story1 called          
,hyldemoeer1 which has lately been      
performed upon the ,danish stage with   
not very brilliant success4 ,it is      
admitted to be inferior to his stories1 
as have been his former attempts at     
dramatic composition4 ,c4 ,,molbach     
announces1 at ,copenhagen1 a ,danish    
translation of ,,dante',s ,divina       
,commedia2 the same author has just     
published a volume of original poems    
under the title of ,twilight4 ,a very   
industriously-prepared and useful work  
is ,j4 ,h4 ,,eoslen',s ,general         
,literary ,dictionary1 from the year    
#ahad to #ahdj1 of which the thirteenth 
part has just appeared4 ,in ,norway1 ,f4
 ,m4 ,,bugge announces a translation of 
the ,iliad into ,norwegian hexameters1  

to be published by subscription4 ,a     
,norwegian dictionary1 by ,,iwar ,,aasen
 is highly commended4         99        
99       99       99       99  ,a very  
sharp controversy is now being waged by 
the scholars of ,denmark and ,schleswig4
 ,the ,danes resort to philology in     
order to prove the right of their       
country to extend its government over   
the ,germans of that ,duchy1 and the    
other party meet their onslaught with   
weapons equally keen1 drawn also from   
the arsenals of dictionaries and        
grammars4 ,the best of the quarrel      
hitherto seems to be on the side of the 
,schleswigers1 whose great champion is  
one ,herr ,clement1 a man of as much    
learning as talent4 ,in a recent essay1 
he establishes that the original        
inhabitants of ,schleswig were not      
,danes but ,angles1 or ,frieslanders1   
essentially the same race as the        
original ,saxon stock of ,england4 ,in  
illustration of this doctrine he adduces
 an immense list of names of places     

which are the same in ,schleswig and    
,england--as1 for instance1 ,ripen and  
,ripon1 ,ellum and ,elham1 ,roedding and
 ,reading1 ,meldorp and ,milthorp1      
,wilstrup and ,wilthorpe1 c41 c4 ,this  
essay will probably be expanded into a  
book4         99       99       99      
99       99  ,the ,german critics are   
discussing with high encomiums a volume 
of poems by ,,annette ,,von ,,droste1 a 
deceased poetess of ,westphalia4 ,it is 
entitled ,das ,religioese ,jahr 7,the   
,religious ,year71 and is inspired with 
that absolute devotion which lends so   
great a charm to the poems of           
,montgomery1 the ,moravians1 and the    
mystical writers generally4         99  
99       99       99       99           
,,byron',s ,manfred1 with musical       
accompaniments1 by ,r4 ,schumann1 is    
about to be produced at the ,weimar     
theatre4         99       99       99   
99       99  ,,jahn1 the well-known     
,leipsic professor1 is engaged in       
writing a life of ,beethoven4         99

       99       99       99       99    
,,richard ,,wagner1 the revolutionist1  
musical composer1 and writer upon       
aesthetics1 has published a new work1   
entitled ,oper und ,drama 7,opera and   
,drama71 which the ,german critics fall 
upon with considerable ferocity4 ,they  
complain that while he entirely rejects 
the old form of the opera1 he does not  
indicate what is the new kind of musical
 drama to be substituted for it4 ,wagner
 has also published ,three ,opera       
,poems1 which the same critics cannot   
but praise for their originality1 power1
 and inspiration4 ,if the music of these
 operas is adequate to the libretti1 say
 they1 they are really new and grand    
productions4 ,this would seem1 also1 to 
be proved by the fact that one of them  
has been brought out at ,weimar1 through
 the influence and under the direction  
of ,liszt4 ,the author is living in     
exile in ,switzerland1 and is engaged   
upon a dramatic trilogy with a prelude4 
,he no longer professes to write operas1

 but musical dramas4         99       99
       99       99       99  ,an attempt
 has been made in ,germany to register  
the enormous number of books and        
pamphlets which the ,germans themselves 
have published on their two great poets1
 ,goethe and ,schiller4 ,a catalogue of 
the ,goethean literature in ,germany1   
from #agic to #ahea1 has been published 
by ,balde1 at ,cassel1 and in ,london by
 ,williams and ,norgate4 ,the ,schiller 
literature1 from #agha to #ahea1 is     
likewise announced by the same firm4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,a very excellent translation of sundry 
old ,scottish and ,english ballads has  
just made its appearance at ,munich1    
from the pen of ,w4 ,,doenniger4 ,it    
contains sixteen ,scotch and seventeen  
,english ballads1 from the fourteenth to
 the seventeenth centuries1 all rendered
 with great fidelity1 and in the true   
spirit of the original4 ,so successful  
is the book that a second edition of it 
is about to appear1 with illustrations  

by ,kaulbach1 ,voltzen1 and other       
eminent artists4         99       99    
99       99       99  ,the ,augsburg    
,gazette states that the ,congregation  
of the ,index has just prohibited all   
the works of ,eugene ,sue and ,proudhon2
 also a clerical ,turin paper1 called   
the ,buona ,novella2 a work on animal   
magnetism1 by ,tomasi2 a manual for     
schoolmasters1 printed at ,asti in      
#ahej2 and all the works of ,gioberti4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,a book to be read by the students of   
literature and by critics is            
,,hettner',s ,moderne ,drama1 just      
published at ,brunswick4 ,we do not know
 of a profounder and keener discussion  
of the principles and laws of dramatic  
writing1 or of more just and striking   
dramatic criticisms than it contains4   
99       99       99       99       99  
,,layard',s popular account of his      
excavations and discoveries at ,nineveh 
has been translated into ,german by one 
of the ,meissners 7not the poet1 we     

believe71 and is published at ,leipsic4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,,fraulein ,,friederike ,,friedemann has
 published1 at ,leipsic1 a metrical     
version of ,lord ,,byron',s ,corsair1   
which is worthy of all commendation4    
,the gloomy hue and passionate vehemence
 of the original are preserved in the   
translation with surprising fidelity1   
and the rhythm is hardly less perfect   
than in ,byron's ,english itself4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,the last number of the ,theologische   
,quartalschrift 7,theological           
,quarterly71 published at ,tuebingen1 by
 ,laupp1 contains an interesting paper  
on the pretended objections to the      
historical truth of the ,pentateuch1 by 
,,welte2 the critical historical        
examination of the xxxi4 xxxii4         
,jeremiah1 by ,,reinke2 and the ,aloge1 
with their relations to the ,montanists1
 by ,,hefele4         99       99       
99       99       99  ,,mr4 ,,george    
,,stephens1 the translator of ,tegner's 

,frithiof's ,saga1 and whose intimate   
acquaintance with the early literature  
of ,sweden has been shown by the        
collection of legends of that country   
which he edited in conjunction with     
,hylten-,cavallius1 and by various works
 superintended by him for the ,svenska  
,fornskrift-,salskapet1 7a sort of      
,stockholm ,camden ,society17 has       
removed to ,copenhagen in consequence of
 his having been appointed ,professor of
 the ,english ,language and ,literature 
in the ,university there4 ,the subject  
of his first course of lectures was     
,chaucer's ,canterbury ,tales4 ,we have 
in our possession the ,,ms4 translations
 of some very interesting ancient       
,swedish poems made by ,mr4 ,stephens   
some five years ago1 and not yet        
published4         99       99       99 
99       99  ,the ,london ,leader1      
socialist and avowedly and industriously
 infidel1 says of ,,eugene ,,sue1 not   
long ago the rage of half the world3    
,we have to announce the third and last 

volume of ,eugene      ,sue's ,fernand  
,duplessis1 wherein the memoirs of a    
husband      are recounted with a       
license which only a ,french public     
could permit4 ,perhaps the worst thing  
in ,sue is not his      positive passion
 for what is criminal and odious1 so    
much as      the way in which he always 
contrives to render the good      people
 odious4 ,much as we reprobate his      
pictures of vice1 we      think them    
less offensive than his pictures of     
virtue4 ,how a      man so essentially  
vulgar-minded could ever have attained  
the position he had once6         99    
99       99       99       99  ,m4      
,,alfred ,,villefort has published at   
,paris a treatise on literary and       
artistic property in an international   
point of view4 ,it not only discusses   
the question as a matter of principle1  
but gives the history of the            
negotiations and treaties which ,france 
has made in that respect with the       
nations4         99       99       99   

99       99  ,among the pleasant books  
recently published in ,france is        
,,arsene ,,houssaye',s volume of        
stories1 ,les ,filles d',eve1 very      
piquant and ,french in its treatment4 ,a
 translation is announced in this city  
by ,redfield4         99       99       
99       99       99  ,the literary     
event of the month at ,paris is the     
publication of the third volume of      
,,louis ,,blanc',s ,history of the      
,french ,revolution4 ,of all the works  
written upon that memorable epoch1 none 
is more marked by originality of thought
 and power of treatment than this1 and  
we can only hope that the present       
volume1 which we have not yet seen1 may 
prove equal to its predecessors4 ,its   
table of contents is as follows3        
,attitude of ,property toward the       
,revolution1 ,attitude of the ,gospel   
toward the ,revolution1 ,tableau of the 
,constituent ,assembly1 ,first ,labors  
of the ,constituent ,assembly1          
,administration of ,necker1 ,people     

,starving1 ,treasury ,empty1 ,a ,new    
,power1 ,journalism1 ,faction of the    
,count de ,provence1 ,the ,fifteen      
,complots1 ,the ,women of ,versailles1  
,the ,king brought to ,paris1 ,the      
,court at the ,tuileries1 ,municipal and
 ,military ,organization of the         
,bourgeoisie1 ,the ,wealth of the       
,clergy ,denounced1 ,war of the         
,bourgeoisie on the ,clergy1 ,the       
,authority of the ,parliaments          
,discussed1 ,war of the ,bourgeoisie on 
the ,parliaments1 ,the ,ambition of     
,mirabeau1 ,complots of the ,luxembourg1
 ,new ,organization of the ,kingdom4    
,the ,leader mentions that ,mr4 ,blanc  
undertakes to prove that ,egalite was   
not at the bottom of those conspiracies 
with which his name has been associated1
 but that the real culprit was the      
,comte de ,provence1 afterwards ,louis  
,,xviii4         99       99       99   
99       99  ,m4 ,,edmond ,,texier1 one 
of the most fresh and agreeable of that 
race of literary butterflies1 the       

feuilletonists of ,paris1 is publishing 
a large work upon that great capital1   
which promises to be as readable as its 
exterior is splendid4 ,it is to be      
ornamented with some two thousand       
engravings on wood1 representing all the
 prominent and famous public edifices   
and places which not only figure so     
largely in history1 but are so splendid 
in themselves4 ,the title of ,m4        
,texier's work is the ,tableau de       
,paris4 ,it appears in parts4         99
       99       99       99       99    
,the publication of the magnificent     
work1 the ,catacombs de ,rome1 for which
 the ,french ,national ,assembly voted  
#dj1jjj1 will shortly commence1 under   
the direction of a commission nominated 
by the ,government1 consisting of       
,messrs4 ,ampere 7now in the ,united    
,states71 ,ingres1 ,prosper1 ,merinice1 
and ,vitel1 all members of the          
,institute4 ,the work will contain exact
 copies of the architecture1 mural      
paintings1 inscriptions1 figures1       

symbols1 sepulchres1 lamps1 vases1      
rings1 instruments1 in a word1 of every 
thing belonging to1 or connected with1  
the primitive ,christians1 which by the 
most diligent search1 exercised during  
many years1 have been brought to light  
in the catacombs of ancient ,rome4 ,its 
enormous price1 between #bej and #cjj1  
will1 however1 keep it out of the hands 
of all but the wealthy4 ,another work on
 the same subject and of similar        
character is announced in ,rome1 under  
the direction of the ecclesiastical     
government4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,a volume purporting
 to contain thirty hitherto unpublished 
,letters of ,,shelley1 appeared a few   
weeks ago from the press of ,moxon1 in  
,london1 edited by ,robert ,browning4   
,it appears from an article in the      
,athenaeum that these--letters1 and many
 others recently sold to publishers and 
autograph collectors1 are forgeries4    
,the book referred to is of course      
suppressed4 ,the ,athenaeum inquires3   

,from whom did ,mr4 ,moxon buy these    
letters8 ,they were bought      at      
,sotheby  ,wilkinson's1 at large prices4
 ,from whom did      ,messrs4 ,sotheby  
and ,wilkinson receive them for sale8   
',we had      them from ,mr4 ,white1 the
 bookseller in ,pall ,mall1 over        
against the ,reform ,club4' ,off runs   
the gentle man-detective4      ',from   
whom did you1 ,mr4 ,white1 obtain these 
letters8' ',i      bought them of two   
women--,i believed them to be genuine1  
and      ,i paid large prices for them  
in that belief4' ,such are the          
words supposed to have been spoken by   
,mr4 ,white4 ,the two      women would  
appear to have been like the man in a   
clergyman's band1 but with a lawyer's   
gown1 who brought      ,pope's letters  
to ,curll4       ,it is proper to say   
thus early that there has been of late  
years1 as we are assured1 a most        
systematic and wholesale      forgery of
 letters purporting to be written by    
,byron1      ,shelley1 and ,keats1--that

 these forgeries carry upon them        
such marks of genuineness as have       
deceived the entire body      of ,london
 collectors1--that they are executed    
with a skill      to which the forgeries
 of ,chatterton and ,ireland can lay no 
claim1--that they have sold at public   
auctions1 and by the      hands of      
booksellers1 to collectors of experience
 and      rank--and that the imposition 
has extended to a large      collection 
of books bearing not only the signature 
of ,lord      ,byron1 but notes in many 
of their pages--the matter of the       
letters being selected with a thorough  
knowledge of ,byron's      life and     
feelings1 and the whole of the books    
chosen with      the minutest knowledge 
of his tastes and peculiarities4        
,but the 'marvel' of the forgery is not 
yet told4 ,at the      same sale at     
which ,mr4 ,moxon bought the ,shelley   
letters were      catalogued for sale a 
series of 7unpublished7 letters from    
,shelley to his wife1 revealing the     

innermost secrets of his      heart1 and
 containing facts1 not wholly           
dishonorable facts      to a father's   
memory1 but such as a son would wish to 
conceal4 ,these letters were bought in  
by the son of ,shelley1      the present
 ,sir ,percy ,shelley--and are now      
proved1 we are      told1 to be         
forgeries4 ,to impose on the credulity  
of a      collector is a minor offence  
compared with the crime of      forging 
evidence against the dead1 and still    
minor as1 in      one instance1 against 
the fidelity of a woman4       ,the     
forgery of ,chatterton injured no one   
but an imaginary      priest2 the       
forgery of ,ireland made a great poet   
seem to      write worse than ,settle   
could have written2 but this forgery    
blackens the character of a great man1  
and1 worse still1      traduces female  
virtue4       ,mr4 ,moxon is not the    
only publisher taken in4 ,mr4 ,murray   
has been a heavy sufferer1 though not to
 the same extent4      ,mr4 ,moxon has  

printed his ,shelley purchases2 ,mr4    
,murray--wise through ,mr4 ,moxon's     
example--will not publish      his      
,byron acquisitions4  ,these forgeries  
seem to us to have been very clumsily   
executed4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,the ,london ,athenaeum    
contains a very interesting letter from 
,mr4 ,,payne ,,collier1 in which he     
gives an account of the discovery of a  
copy of the second folio edition of     
,shakspeare1 with numerous important    
corrections of the text1 apparently by  
some learned contemporary actor1 whose  
memory of parts1 or access to original  
,,mss41 enabled him to restore all the  
readings vitiated by careless           
transcription or printing4 ,mr4 ,collier
 has such faith in these errata that he 
does not hesitate to avow that he would 
have adopted a large portion of them in 
his own edition of ,shakspeare1 had they
 been known to him when that was        
printed4 ,of the several instances he   
offers1 this will serve as a specimen3  

,an embarrassment meets us in the very  
outset of ,measure      for             
,measure1--where the ,duke1 addressing  
,escalus1 observes1      in the ordinary
 reading3      ',of government the      
properties to unfold     ,would seem in 
me t' affect speech and discourse2      
,since ,i am put to know1 that your own 
science     ,exceeds1 in that1 the lists
 of all advice     ,my strength can give
 you3 then1 no more remains1     ,but   
that to your sufficiency as your worth  
is able1     ,and let them work4'       
--,the meaning is pretty evident2 but   
the expression of that      meaning is  
obscure and corrupt1--as indeed the     
measure alone      would establish4     
,various conjectural modes of setting   
the      passage right have been        
proposed2 and perhaps what follows      
from my corrected folio of #afcb has no 
better      foundation1--but1 at all    
events1 it restores both the sense      
and the metre1 and may1 for aught we    
know1 give the very      words of       

,shakspeare3      ',of government the   
properties to unfold     ,would seem in 
me t' affect speech and discourse2      
,since ,i am apt to know1 that your own 
science     ,exceeds 7in that7 the lists
 of all advice     ,my strength can give
 you2 ,then1 no more remains     ,but   
add to your sufficiency your worth1     
,and let them work4'       --,how 'that'
 in the old editions came to be printed 
for      add and how 'is able' came to  
be foisted in1 most      unnecessarily  
and awkwardly1 at the end of the same   
line1 it      is not easy to explain4   
,the third line is also much cleared    
by the substitution of apt for          
'put1'--which was an easy      misprint3
 ',apt to know' is an expression of     
every-day      occurrence4         99   
99       99       99       99  ,,sir    
,,james ,,stephen1 whose excellent      
,lectures on the ,history of ,france    
have been so well received1 proposes to 
deliver1 at ,cambridge1 a series of     
twenty lectures on the ,diplomatic      

,history of ,france during the reign of 
,louis ,,xiv41 comprising a review of   
the treaties of ,westphalia1 of the     
,pyrenees1 of ,breda1 of the ,triple    
,alliance1 of ,aix-la-,chapelle1 of     
,nimeguen1 of ,ryswick1 and of ,utrecht4
         99       99       99       99  
99  ,,miss ,,charlotte ,,vandenhoff1    
whose professional tour in the ,united  
,states will be remembered by old       
play-goers1 has written a piece under   
the title of ,woman's ,heart1 possessing
 considerable poetical merits1 and      
herself sustained the character of the  
heroine in its representation4          
99       99       99       99       99  
,,mr4 ,,carlyle1 is engaged upon a new  
work in history1 but its subject is not 
disclosed1 nor its extent4         99   
99       99       99       99  ,,mrs4   
,,robinson1 who left ,new-,york several 
months ago to visit her relations in    
,germany1 writes from ,berlin to the    
,athenaeum1 under date of ,february #b1 
as follows3       ,a work appeared in   

,london last summer with the following  
title3 ,talvi's ,history of the         
,colonization of ,america1      edited  
by ,william ,hazlitt1 in two volumes4   
,it seems proper      to state that the 
original work was written under         
favorable      circumstances in ,german1
 and published in ,germany4 ,it         
treated only of the colonization of ,new
 ,england3 and that      only stood on  
its title-page4 ,the above ,english     
publication1      therefore1 is a mere  
translation1 and it was made without    
the consent or knowledge of the author4 
,the very title is a      misnomer2 all 
references to authorities are omitted2  
and the      whole work teems with      
errors1 not only of the press1 but      
also of translation1--the latter such as
 could have been      made by no person 
well acquainted with the ,german and    
,english tongues4 ,for the work in this 
form1 therefore1 the      author can be 
in no sense whatever responsible4       
,,talvi4    ,from a more recent number  

of the ,athenaeum it appears that ,mr4  
,hazlitt is not himself the translator  
of the original work2 and the           
responsibility1 not only of the         
translation1 but of all the faults      
charged which might seem more especially
 editorial1 is transferred by him to    
another4 ,mr4 ,hazlitt1 we believe1 is a
 son of the great critic of the last    
age4         99       99       99       
99       99  ,there are connected with  
the newspapers a considerable number of 
weak-minded and absurd persons1 who     
delight in strange coincidences and the 
most inconceivable relations1 and who1  
for a certain consciousness they have of
 their own slight claims to             
consideration are anxious to find on    
every occasion1 some indication of      
regard for their vocation1 as if credit 
won by any journalist or writer were    
portion of a common fund of             
respectability from which they could    
draw a dividend4 ,in no other way can we
 account for the thousand-and-one       

articles in which the appointments of   
,dr4 ,,layard and ,mr4 ,d',,israeli have
 been referred to as honor1 homage1 c41 
to literature4 ,dr4 ,layard was selected
 by ,lord ,granville to be an           
,under-,secretary of ,state1 because he 
had shown himself in the admirable      
manner in which he discharged certain   
important diplomatic functions in the   
,east1 better fitted1 in ,lord          
,granville's opinion1 than any other    
person for the new duties to which it   
was proposed to summon him4 ,mr4        
,d',israeli has long been one of the    
most conspicuous and astute politicians 
in ,england1 and owes his present office
 solely to his activity and eminence in 
affairs4 ,there was as little of        
recognition of the claims of literature 
in either case1 as there was praise of  
fiddlesticks or ,carolina potatoes4 ,it 
would not be a whit more ridiculous to  
say that the ,french people1 remembering
 the happy genius displayed by ,napoleon
 ,bonaparte in his ,supper of           

,beaucaire1 chose him to be their       
emperor4  ,in the new ,british ministry 
are an unusual number of book-makers4   
,the most conspicuous in authorship is  
the now ,right ,honorable ,benjamin     
,d',israeli1 the wondrous boy who wrote 
,alroy1 in rhyme and prose1 only to show
 how long ago victorious ,judah's lion  
banner rose4 ,sir ,emerson ,tennent1    
,sir ,edward ,sugden1 ,lord ,john       
,manners1 ,mr4 ,whiteside1 the ,earl of 
,malmesbury1 ,lord de ,roos1 are all    
known as authors1 as well as            
politicians4 ,the ,duke of              
,northumberland also is favorably known 
as a zealous promoter of arts and       
learning4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,the author of ,life in    
,bombay and the ,neighboring ,stations1 
pays the following testimony to the     
abilities of the manoeuvring mammas of  
,bombay3 ,the bachelor civilians are    
always the grand aim2 for1 however young
 in the service they may be1 their      
income is always vastly above that of   

the military man1 to say nothing of the 
noble provision made by the fund for    
their widows and children4 ,we remember 
being greatly amused1 soon after our    
arrival in the country1 at overhearing a
 lady say1 in reference to her          
daughter's approaching marriage with a  
young civilian3 ',certainly1 ,i could   
have wished my son-in-law to be a little
 more steady2 but then it is ,l#cjj     
a-year for my girl1 dead or alive6'     
99       99       99       99       99  
,a volume of brilliant ,french criticism
 will be published in a few days by     
,charles ,scribner1 under the title of  
,anglo-,american ,literature and        
,manners1 by ,,philarete ,,chasles1     
,professor in the ,college of ,france4  
,mr4 ,chasles1 in a book of five hundred
 pages1 considers the literature and    
manners of the people of the ,united    
,states--their institutions1 capacity   
for self-government1 actual condition   
and probable future--with all the       
sprightly grace of a ,frenchman1 and    

with a great deal of cleverness         
prosecutes his industrious researches   
from the landing of the ,mayflower to   
the present day4 ,he finds in the       
,united ,states neither an ,utopia1 nor 
a land worthy merely of ridicule4 ,he   
does not simply condemn1 like some      
travellers1 nor give us universal and   
unreasonable praise1 as our egotism and 
contentment lead us to desire1 but takes
 a fair view of the country1 its claims1
 position1 and prospects4 ,in the       
beginning of his performance he         
considers that the most essential thing 
for the founding of a new commonwealth1 
is moral force2 this he finds in the    
,puritans1 who possessed sincerity1     
belief1 perseverance1 courage2 they     
could wait1 fight1 suffer4 ,their       
energy1 he thinks1 comes from their     
,teutonic or ,saxon blood2 their        
indomitable perseverance is a fruit of  
,calvinism1 added to which they are     
clannish1 or mutual helpers one of      
another4 ,this is the key to the        

philosophical1 political and prophetic  
portion of his work4 ,the literary part 
is honest criticism1 freely spoken1 by  
the aid of such light as happened to be 
around him4 ,he begins with the landing 
of the ,pilgrims1 speaks of their       
literature1 which1 like all other       
,american literature down to the present
 day1 he regards as destitute of        
originality4 ,franklin1 ,jonathan       
,edwards1 and others1 all lack this     
quality4 ,the author of the ,american   
,cultivator has the most of it2 but     
,franklin is made up of ,fenelon1       
,banyan1 and ,addison2 ,edwards partakes
 of ,hobbes1 ,priestley1 and in his     
better moments of the close reasoning   
,descartes4 ,he gives us then a         
politician1 a journalist1 and a         
gentleman1 the ,american ,aristocrat as 
he calls him1 ,gouverneur ,morris1 our  
minister at ,paris during the old       
revolution4 ,brockden ,brown is         
characterized as a copyist of ,monk     
,lewis2 and he comes then to ,washington

 ,irving1 but while all the charms of   
this delightful writer are thoroughly   
appreciated and minutely described1 it  
is denied that he has originality4 ,in  
some square house in ,boston1 he sees in
 thought ,st4 ,james's ,park3 in        
reveries he is led through the          
umbrageous alleys of ,kensington--he    
talks with ,sterne--he shakes hands with
 ,goldsmith4 ,it is a copy1 somewhat    
timid1 of ,addison1 of ,steele1 of      
,swift4 ,you would think of him as of a 
young lady of good family1 a slave to   
propriety1 never elevating her voice1   
never exaggerating the ton1 never       
committing the sin of eloquence2 a      
refined continuation of the style of    
,addison1 c4 ,nevertheless a dawn of    
freshness appears in his writings when  
they treat of forest scenes4 ,this dawn 
advances into day in ,cooper1 upon whom 
we have an admirable critique4 ,the     
author of ,the ,spy1 ,m4 ,chasles       
thinks1 has a native vigor unknown to   
,irving4 ,paulding is dismissed with but

 very little consideration4 ,channing   
occupies the critic longer1 but is found
 to be an unsatisfactory and too general
 reasoner4 ,audubon furnishes the most  
attractive chapter in the book1 which   
closes with what is called the ,first   
,literary ,epoch of the ,united ,states4
  ,the next division is of the          
,literature of the ,people1 and the     
falsely popular ,literature of ,england 
and the ,states4 ,one thoughtful chapter
 is given to the infancy and future of  
,america2 the age and despair of        
,europe1 of emigration1 and             
colonization4 ,then1 the popular        
movements in ,france and ,england are   
treated of1 and the education of the    
masses4 ,crabbe1 ,burns1 ,elliott1      
,thomas ,cooper and others serve as a   
text4 ,popular literature is found to be
 less anarchical in ,america than in    
,europe4 ,we have a chapter on ,herman  
,melville2 and then the ,americans are  
viewed through the spectacles of        
,marryatt1 ,trolloppe1 ,dickens1 and    

their exaggerations are noted4 ,the     
force of public opinion and of the press
 conclude the section4 ,our poets have  
two chapters3 ,i4 ,barlow1 ,dwight1     
,colton1 ,payne1 ,sprague1 ,dana1       
,drake1 ,pierrepont2 ,female ,poets2 and
 ,street and ,halleck4 ,,ii1 ,bryant1   
,emerson1 and ,longfellow4 ,tom         
,stapleton1 by an ,irish ,sunday        
newspaper reporter1 and ,puffer         
,hopkins1 by ,mr4 ,cornelius ,matthews1 
one chapter2 ,stephens1 ,silliman1 and  
others represent the travellers2 a      
chapter is dedicated to ,arnold and     
,andre2 ,haliburton's ,sam ,slick       
concludes the criticism2 and the book   
ends with ,the ,future of ,septentrional
 ,america and the ,united ,states--what 
a ,bee is1 how an ,american village is  
got up1 the aggregative principles of   
,americans1 the ,lowell ,lectures1      
,democrats and ,whigs--and then1        
far-seeing prophetic talking1 conclude  
what the author has to say about us4    
99       99       99       99       99  

,the well-known school book publishers  
of ,philadelphia1 ,,thomas1             
,,cowperthwait1  ,,co41 have just       
published a large duodecimo of five     
hundred and fifty-eight pages4 ,the     
,standard ,speaker1 containing          
,exercises in ,prose and ,poetry1 for   
,declamation in ,schools1 ,academies1   
,lyceums1 and ,colleges1 newly          
,translated or ,compiled from celebrated
 ,orators1 ,authors1 and ,popular       
,debaters1 ,ancient and ,modern2 a      
,treatise on ,oratory and ,elocution2   
and ,notes ,explanatory and             
,biographical--by ,,epes ,,sargent4     
,this book bears abundant evidences of  
editorial research and labor4 ,the      
original translations would form a      
volume of respectable size1 and they are
 all strikingly adapted to the purpose  
of elocutionary practice4 ,some passages
 of fervid eloquence from ,mirabeau1    
,robespierre and ,victor ,hugo are      
given4 ,ancient eloquence is also well  
represented in new and spirited         

translations4 ,the department of        
,british ,parliamentary oratory1 shows  
extracts from ,pym1 ,chatham1 ,barre1   
,wilkes1 ,thurlow1 ,grattan1 ,pitt1     
,fox1 ,sheridan1 ,curran1 ,canning1     
,brougham1 ,o',connell1 ,sheil1         
,macaulay1 ,croker1 ,talfourd1          
,palmerston1 ,cobden1 and many others1  
and in nine instances out of ten the    
exercises are compiled originally for   
this volume4 ,the ,american department  
is quite rich1 and while the old        
masterpieces of ,patrick ,henry1 ,ames1 
,randolph1 ,clay1 ,calhoun1 ,webster1   
,hayne1 and others are retained1 a large
 number of fresh and striking pieces are
 introduced from the eloquence of       
,congress and the ,american lecture     
room4  ,in its dramatic and poetical    
novelties the work is of course amply   
supplied4 ,mr4 ,sargent's editorial     
experience here has enabled him to add  
much that other compilers have entirely 
overlooked4 ,in the adaptation of the   
exercises1 great discrimination has been

 shown4 ,they are of the right length1  
pithy1 and calculated to engage the     
attention of the young4 ,a new and      
valuable feature of the work is the     
introduction of notes1 biographical and 
explanatory4 ,in the instances of       
authors not contemporary the dates of   
their birth and death are given4 ,an    
introductory treatise1 comprising much  
practical information on the subject of 
elocution1 gives completeness to the    
volume4 ,such is the ,standard ,speaker2
 and while it will be found to justify  
its title in the retention of all the   
standard specimens of rhetoric suitable 
for its purposes1 it presents in its    
large proportion of new exercises of a  
high character1 fresh and enduring      
claims to popularity4         99        
99       99       99       99  ,the     
,memoirs of ,margaret ,fuller ,ossoli1  
by ,,ralph ,,waldo ,,emerson1 ,,william 
,,ellery ,,channing1 and ,,james        
,,freeman ,,clarke1 published a few     
weeks ago by ,phillips1 ,sampson  ,co41 

of ,boston1 are generally praised in the
 critical journals1 but in this country1
 where the subject was generally known  
in literary circles1 there is a common  
feeling of surprise at the artistic and 
successful exaggeration of her          
capacities and virtues4 ,the book1      
however1 is in parts delightfully       
written1 and the melancholy fate of the 
heroine gives it a character of romance 
apart from its merits as a biographical 
and critical composition4 ,the          
,athenaeum thus refers to some          
additional material for her memoirs1    
which1 it strikes us1 should have been  
communicated to the custodians of her   
reputation at an earlier day3       ,we 
have received permission to state that  
poor ,margaret      ,fuller1 on the eve 
of that visit to the ,continent which   
was      to prove so eventful and       
disastrous1 left in the hands of a      
friend in ,london a sealed packet1      
containing1 it is      understood1 the  
journals which she kept during her stay 

in      ,england4 ,margaret ,fuller--as 
they who saw her here all               
know--contemplated at that time a return
 to ,england at no      very distant    
date2--and the deposit of these papers  
was      accompanied by an injunction   
that the packet should then be          
restored with unbroken seal into her    
hands4 ,no provision was      of course 
made for death3--and here we believe the
 lady in      possession feels herself  
in a difficulty1 out of which she       
does not clearly see her way4 ,the      
papers are likely to be of      great   
interest1 and were doubtless intended   
for publication2      but the writer had
 peremptorily reserved the right of     
revision to herself1 and forbidden the  
breaking of the      seals1 on a        
supposition which fate has now made     
impossible4      ,it seems to us1 that  
the equity of the case under such       
circumstances demands only a reference  
to ,margaret ,fuller's      heir1       
whoever that may be2 and with his or her

 concurrence1      the lady to whom     
these ,,mss4 were intrusted--and who    
probably      knows something of the    
author's feeling as to their            
contents--may very properly constitute  
herself literary      executor to her   
unfortunate friend4         99       99 
99       99       99  ,of ,,bayard      
,,taylor ,the ,tribune said a few days  
ago3       ,by the ,niagara's mail we   
have had the pleasure of receiving      
letters from our friend and associate   
,bayard ,taylor1--or as      he his     
known among the ,arabs1 ,taylor         
,bey1--dated at      ,khartoum1 the     
chief city of ,sennaar1 situated at the 
confluence of the ,white and the ,blue  
,nile1 about half way      between      
,cairo and the ,equator4 ,he arrived    
there on the #abth      of ,january in  
excellent health and spirits1 after a   
journey      on camels across the       
,nubian ,desert1 during which he had    
sundry fortunate adventures1 and        
received every friendly      attention  

from the native chieftains4 ,he was the 
first      ,american ever seen so far   
toward ,central ,africa1 and like a     
good patriot never slept without the    
stars and stripes      floating above   
his tent4 ,every where good luck had    
attended      him1--in truth he seems to
 have been born to it1--but at          
,khartoum especially he was received    
with unexpected honors4      ,the       
governor of the city had presented him  
with a horse1 and      had entertained  
him in a banquet of genuine ,ethiopic   
magnificence1 while the commander of the
 troops had      stationed a nightly    
guard of honor around his tent4 ,in     
company with ,dr4 ,knoblecher1 the      
venerable ,catholic      missionary     
bound for the equatorial regions whom he
 had      overtaken at ,khartoum1 and of
 ,dr4 ,deitz1 the ,austrian             
,counsel1 ,mr4 ,taylor had also attended
 a banquet at the      palace of the    
daughter of the late king of ,sennaar1 a
 very      stately and ebon princess1   

who entertained her guests      chiefly 
upon sheep roasted whole4 ,others of the
 first      families among the          
,ethiopian aristocracy had also welcomed
      the strangers with distinguished  
civilities4 ,mr4 ,taylor      expected  
to reach ,cairo on his return about the 
#ast of      ,april1 though we should   
not be surprised to learn that he       
had changed his mind1 and1 in company   
with the ,jesuit      mission1 plunged  
still farther into the mysterious       
country      about the equator and the  
sources of the ,nile4         99        
99       99       99       99  ,several 
new works by our literary women are on  
the eve of publication4 ,redfield has   
nearly ready ,lyra and other ,poems1 by 
,,alice ,,carey--a book containing more 
illustrations of unquestionable genius  
than any other written by a woman in    
,america2 and he will also publish soon1
 ,isa1 a ,pilgrimage1 a romance by ,miss
 ,caroline ,,cheesebro'1 which is likely
 to attract a great deal of attention4  

,putnam has in press1 ,the ,shield1 a   
,story of the ,new ,world1 by ,miss     
,,fenimore ,,cooper1 whose ,rural       
,hours1 last year1 commanded every where
 so much well-merited praise1 and a new 
story by ,miss ,,warner1 of whose ,wide1
 ,wide ,world 7edited in ,london by a   
,clergyman of the ,church of ,england71 
a recent number of the ,literary        
,gazette says3       ,this ,american    
tale has met with extraordinary success 
across the ,atlantic4 ,within a very    
short time several large                
impressions were disposed of1 and the   
sale still continues      to be rapid4  
,of the causes of this popularity1 there
 is one      which will rather operate  
against a similar run of favor on       
this side of the water4 ,a large part of
 the book refers to      'the old       
country1' and ,american readers eagerly 
seek what      pertains to ,english life
 or history4 ,but the book has many     
merits1 apart from the incidents of its 
scenery and      character4 ,the        

authoress writes with liveliness and    
elegance2 her power of discriminating   
and presenting      character is great2 
in describing the feelings and ways of  
young people1 she is especially happy1  
and an air of      cheerful piety       
pervades the whole work4 ,we shall not  
attempt      to give any idea of the    
story1 or of its principal              
personages1 but content ourselves with  
commending it as a      book which will 
please and instruct others than the     
young1      for whom it is chiefly      
intended4 ,the authoress seems herself  
young1 and if so1 we may expect other   
works from a spirit so      lively and  
communicative4 ,who the editor is we    
have no      knowledge1 but he has taken
 liberties with the original not        
always warranted1 and to an extent      
greater than can be      approved       
without previous consultation4 ,on the  
whole1      however1 he has done his    
part well1 and in his prefatory         
note justly characterizes the merits of 

the writer1 of whom      we shall gladly
 hear more4  ,miss ,warner's new book is
 entitled ,queechy--the name of its     
scene1 we suppose--and it is said to be 
very different in character from her    
first production4         99       99   
99       99       99  ,dr4              
,,dunglison',s ,medical ,dictionary1 of 
which a new and much enlarged edition   
has been published by ,blanchard  ,lea1 
is one of those professional works which
 are almost indispensable in a          
gentleman's library4 ,every person has  
sometimes occasion to consult a work of 
this kind1 and there is no other in     
,english so masterly in treatment1 or so
 perspicuous in style4 ,dr4 ,dunglison  
keeps up with all the departments of the
 literature of his science1 and1 through
 his quick1 comprehensive1 and practical
 understanding1 we have in this volume  
the best results of the world's         
experiment and study in medicine down to
 the beginning of the present half      
century4         99       99       99   

99       99  ,a new and complete edition
 of the ,poetical ,works of ,,george ,p4
 ,,morris will be published in ,october1
 amply and most elaborately illustrated 
with engravings after original designs  
by ,robert ,w4 ,weir4 ,the distinction  
of ,gen4 ,morris is1 that he is a great 
song writer4 ,the naturalness1          
simplicity1 unity1 and pervading grace  
of his pieces1 do not so much constitute
 their characteristic1 as the exquisite 
music of their cadences1 justifying the 
praise of ,braham1 that they sing       
themselves4 ,the new edition will       
surpass any other in completeness1 and  
in artistic execution will not be       
inferior to any volume ever published in
 the ,united ,states4         99        
99       99       99       99  ,mr4 ,c4 
,l4 ,,brace1 who has tasted in person   
the sweets of ,austrian rule1 by his    
imprisonment in ,hungary1 has in press a
 book of ,hungarian travels1 and        
observations upon the political         
situation and prospects of that country4

 ,the personal history of an ,american  
in ,hungary1 who enjoyed rare           
opportunities of intimate intercourse   
with the inhabitants1 will be a very    
valuable addition to our literature1 and
 will make a most readable and          
seasonable book4 ,of the quality of ,mr4
 ,,brace',s ability1 and of the         
faithfulness of his observation and     
record1 his letters to the ,new-,york   
,tribune are satisfactory evidence4     
7,scribner47         99       99        
99       99       99  ,mr4 ,,ticknor',s 
admirable ,history of ,spanish          
,literature by no means fails of the    
high consideration to which it is       
entitled from the best critics of       
,europe4 ,one of the best translations  
of it is in ,spanish1 by ,don ,,pascual 
,,de ,,gayangos ,y ,,don ,,enrique ,,de 
,,vedia 7con adiciones y notas          
criticas71 ,mr4 ,ticknor having         
communicated some notes and corrections 
to the two translators1 who have added  
from their own store4 ,a second         

translation is coming out in ,germany1  
also containing important additions1 in 
part from material and suggestions      
furnished by the accomplished author4   
99       99       99       99       99  
,,arvine',s ,anecdotes of ,literature   
and the ,arts is an agreeable           
miscellany2 but the neglect of the      
editor to give credits in cases where he
 adopts entire pages from well-known    
books1 deserves rebuke4 ,the eighth     
number has been published by ,gould     
,lincoln of ,boston1 and it completes   
the work4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,the work of ,mr4 ,,stiles1
 which we have noticed elsewhere in this
 number of the ,international1 we       
understand1 will be published by the    
,harpers1 in two large octavo volumes1  
about the first of ,may4 ,it contains a 
complete history of the revolutionary   
proceedings in the ,austrian empire in  
#ahdh4 ,mr4 ,stiles witnessed much that 
he describes4 ,each section is          
introduced by an historical survey of   

the country where the events described  
occurred4 ,thus ,venice1 ,prague1 and   
,vienna are brought before the reader in
 all their past glory and recent        
political vicissitudes4 ,the ,hungarian 
war is amply chronicled4 ,the work is   
moderate in tone1 authentic1 fresh1 and 
abounding in interesting facts4 ,it will
 be illustrated by engravings1 executed 
in ,germany1 of the ,emperor1 ,archduke 
,john1 ,kossuth1 and other chief        
characters4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,dr4 ,a4 ,k4        
,,gardiner1 whose clever book about     
,paris1 under the title of ,old ,wine in
 ,new ,bottles1 is well known1 has just 
published a noticeable lecture1         
delivered before the ,college of        
,physicians and ,surgeons1 on the       
,history of the ,art of ,midwifery4 ,it 
is most conclusive upon the point of the
 unfitness of women for any of the more 
delicate and important duties in        
obstetrics1 and is a sufficient argument
 for the immediate abolition of the     

so-called ,female ,colleges4 ,we        
recommend it to the attention of readers
 who feel any interest in the           
subject4--7,stringer  ,townsend47       
99       99       99       99       99  
,mrs4 ,h4 ,c4 ,,conant1 wife of the     
learned ,professor of ,hebrew in the    
,rochester ,university1 has published   
7through ,lewis ,colby1 ,nassau-street7 
another of ,,neander',s ,commentaries1  
done into terse and vigorous            
,english--,the ,epistle of ,james       
,practically ,explained4 ,it is needless
 to praise the great ,german1 and it    
will readily be believed1 by those who  
are acquainted with the fine abilities  
and thorough scholarship of ,mrs4       
,conant1 that this translation is in all
 respects admirable4         99       99
       99       99       99  ,we are    
soon to have a new dramatic poem from   
,mr4 ,,george ,h4 ,,boker1 whose        
,calaynos1 ,anne ,bullen1 and ,ivory    
,carver and other ,poems1 have secured  
to him very high and well-deserved      

reputation as a literary artist4 ,we do 
not think any sonnets written in this   
country are to be preferred to ,mr4     
,boker's1 and his ,ballad of ,sir ,john 
,franklin1 published a few months ago in
 this magazine1 is full of imagination1 
and is marked throughout with the nicest
 skill in execution4         99       99
       99       99       99  ,the last  
work of the late ,professor ,,stuart1 a 
,commentary on the ,book of ,proverbs1  
has been published by ,m4 ,w4 ,,dodd1 in
 a large duodecimo volume4 ,it contains 
a full account of the principal         
commentaries written on this book1 and  
the translations and paraphrases made   
into different languages1 with a new    
version1 and exegetical remarks4 ,a     
memoir of ,professor ,stuart is in      
preparation4         99       99        
99       99       99  ,mr4 ,,richard ,b4
 ,,kimball1 the accomplished author of  
,st4 ,leger1 leaves ,new ,york in a few 
days for a tour through ,europe4 ,no one
 among our younger authors has risen    

more rapidly in the public regard1 or   
established a good reputation in        
literature upon a surer basis4          
,imagination1 scholarship1 and profound 
reflection1 characterize nearly all his 
performances4 ,the admirable story      
written by him for the present number of
 the ,international1 we believe1 is true
 in every essential but the name of the 
heroine4 ,it is a reminiscence of ,mr4  
,kimball's student life in ,paris1      
where1 for a time1 he walked the        
hospitals with his friend1 the          
well-known ,dr4 ,o4 ,h4 ,partridge1 now 
one of the most distinguished physicians
 of ,philadelphia1 who is one of the    
dramatis personae of ,emilie de ,coigny4
         99       99       99       99  
99  ,mr4 ,,john ,p4 ,,kennedy           
pronounced1 in ,baltimore1 on the       
anniversary of the birth of ,washington1
 a very eloquent and wise discourse1 in 
which the state of the nation with      
respect to possible entanglements in    
foreign affairs1 and implications by    

needless artificial ties in the         
vicissitudes of ,european politics1 were
 treated in a manner worthy of a        
statesman of the school of the ,great   
,chief4 ,the occasion was also improved 
in ,philadelphia by the ,rev4 ,dr4      
,,boardman1 who1 in a discourse entitled
 ,washington or ,kossuth 7published by  
,lippincott1 ,grambo1  ,co471 discusses 
the same great subjects in a masterly   
argument for the observance of the      
principles of the ,farewell ,address4   
99       99       99       99       99  
,an elaborate attack on the ,society of 
,friends appeared lately in ,dublin1 and
 has been republished in ,philadelphia1 
under the title of ,quakerism1 or the   
,story of ,my ,life4 ,it was written by 
a ,mrs4 ,,greer1 the daughter of an     
eminently respectable ,irish ,quaker1   
who was herself connected with the      
society for forty years1 and so had     
abundant opportunities of becoming      
familiar with the peculiarities of the  
system4 ,but the book is vulgar1        

malignant1 and evidently altogether     
undeserving of credit in regard to      
facts4 ,the points obnoxious to ridicule
 are broadly caricatured1 and the most  
distinguished and blameless characters  
are introduced in the most offensive    
manner1 as if to gratify personal spleen
 or a disposition to slander4         99
       99       99       99       99    
,the ,neander ,library1 recently        
purchased by the ,university of         
,rochester1 consists of #d1ejj volumes1 
and the price paid was only #b1cjj4     
,about #cej of the volumes are large    
folios1 and many of the works in the    
collection are of the choicest and      
rarest editions4 ,we observe that an    
attempt to show that there was even the 
slightest possible degree of unfairness 
on the part of the ,rochester faculty in
 obtaining this library1 which was much 
desired by a western college1 has most  
signally failed4         99       99    
99       99       99  ,we commend to our
 readers as the best literary journal in

 this country1 the ,to ,day1 recently   
established in ,boston by ,,charles     
,,hale1 a thoroughly educated and       
judicious editor4     ,recent ,deaths   
,,william ,,ware was born at ,hingham1  
in ,massachusetts1 on the third of      
,august1 #agig4 ,he was a descendant in 
the fifth generation from ,robert ,ware1
 one of the earliest settlers of the    
colony1 who came from ,england about the
 year #afdd4 ,his father was ,henry     
,ware1 ,d4 ,d41 many years honorably    
distinguished by his connection with the
 ,divinity ,school at ,cambridge1 and   
the late ,henry ,ware1 jr41 ,d4 ,d41 was
 his elder brother4 ,his only living    
brother is ,dr4 ,john ,ware1 who also   
shares of the literary tastes and       
talents of his family1 and has written  
its history4  ,william ,ware was        
graduated at ,harvard ,university in    
#ahaf4 ,after reading theology the usual
 term he was on the #ahth of ,december1 
#ahba1 settled over the ,unitarian      
society of ,chambers street1 ,new-,york1

 where he remained about sixteen years4 
,he gave little to the press except a   
few sermons1 and four numbers of a      
religious miscellany called ,the        
,unitarian1 until near the close of this
 period1 when he commenced the          
publication in the ,knickerbocker       
,magazine of those brilliant papers     
which in the autumn of #ahcf were given 
to the world under the title of         
,zenobia1 or the ,fall of ,palmyra1 an  
,historical ,romance4 ,before the       
completion of this work he had resigned 
his pastoral office and removed to      
,brookline1 near ,boston4 ,the romance  
of ,zenobia is in the form of letters to
 ,marcus ,curtius1 at ,rome1 from       
,lucius ,manlius ,piso1 a senator1 who  
is supposed to have been led by         
circumstances of a private nature to    
visit ,palmyra toward the close of the  
third century1 to have become acquainted
 with the queen and her court1 to have  
seen the ,city of the ,desert in its    
greatest magnificence1 and to have      

witnessed its destruction by the        
,emperor ,aurelian4 ,for the purposes of
 romantic fiction the subject is perhaps
 the finest that had not been           
appropriated in all ancient history2 and
 the treatment of it1 which is highly   
picturesque and dramatic throughout1    
shows that the author had been a        
successful student of the institutions1 
manners and social life of the age he   
attempted to illustrate4  ,mr4 ,ware's  
second romance1 ,probus1 or ,rome in the
 ,third ,century1 was published in the  
summer of #ahch4 ,it is a sort of sequel
 to the ,zenobia1 and is composed of    
letters purporting to be written by     
,piso from ,rome to ,fausta1 the        
daughter of ,gracchus1 one of the old   
,palmyrene ministers4 ,in the first work
 ,piso meets with ,probus1 a ,christian 
teacher1 and is partially convinced of  
the truth of his doctrine2 he is now a  
disciple1 and a sharer of the           
persecutions which marked the last days 
of the reign of ,aurelian4 ,the         

characters in ,probus are skilfully     
drawn and contrasted1 and with a deeper 
moral interest1 from the frequent       
discussions of doctrine which it        
contains1 the romance has the classical 
style and spirit which characterized its
 predecessor4  ,mr4 ,ware's third work  
is entitled ,julian1 or ,scenes in      
,judea1 and was published in #ahda4 ,the
 hero is a ,roman1 of ,hebrew descent1  
who visits the land of his ancestors1 to
 gratify a liberal curiosity1 during the
 last days of the ,saviour4 ,every thing
 connected with ,palestine at this      
period is so familiar that the ground   
might seem to be sacred to ,history and 
,religion2 but it has often been invaded
 by the romancer1 and perhaps never with
 more success than in the present       
instance4 ,although ,julian has less    
freshness than ,zenobia1 it has an air  
of truth and sincerity that renders it  
scarcely less interesting4  ,about the  
time of the publication of ,julian1 ,mr4
 ,ware was attacked with ,epilepsy1     

while in his pulpit1 at ,lexington1 near
 ,boston1 and he suffered all the       
residue of his life from disease and    
apprehension2 but his illness did not   
affect his intelligence or its activity1
 and he continued to devote himself to  
congenial studies1 for several years1   
chiefly as editor of ,the ,christian    
,examiner4 ,for a short period he was   
pastor of the ,unitarian society at     
,west ,cambridge1 but the condition of  
his health did not permit a regular     
discharge of his functions1 for which1  
indeed1 he was scarcely fitted in any   
thing but a spirit of humility and      
piety4 ,his tastes and capacities would 
have secured for him greater triumphs in
 any department of pictorial or plastic 
art1 to which he was always insensibly  
drawn by instinct and congenial studies4
  ,in #ahdh ,mr4 ,ware passed several   
months abroad1 and after his return he  
delivered in ,lectures on ,european     
,capitals the best fruits of his travel4
 ,these ,lectures have recently been    

published in a very attractive volume1  
which has been favorably received in    
this country and in ,england4 ,among his
 unprinted writings is a series of      
,lectures on the ,life1 ,works1 and     
,genius of ,washington ,allston4 ,he    
died on the #aith of ,february4  ,the   
romances of ,mr4 ,ware betray a         
familiarity with the civilization of the
 ancients1 and are written in a         
graceful1 pure and brilliant style4 ,in 
our literature they are peculiar1 and   
they will bear a favorable comparison   
with the most celebrated historical     
romances relating to the same scenes and
 periods which have been written abroad4
 ,they have passed through many editions
 in ,great ,britain1 and have been      
translated into ,german and other       
languages of the continent4         99  
99       99       99       99  ,,john   
,,frazee1 the sculptor1 died at the age 
of sixty1 on the--th of ,march1 at the  
house of his daughter1 in ,new ,bedford1
 ,massachusetts4 ,the ,evening ,post    

remarks that he was a man of decided    
talent for sculpture1 but the necessity 
of employing himself in other           
occupations1 prevented his attaining    
that skill which1 under more auspicious 
circumstances1 would have been within   
his reach4 ,mr4 ,frazee was born in     
,brunswick1 ,n4,j41 and in early life   
was a farmer and stone-cutter4 ,one of  
his first attempts at sculpture which   
attracted notice1 was a clever female   
bust1 a likeness of one of his own      
family1 exhibited in the gallery of the 
,academy of ,design4 ,he afterwards1 at 
the request of the bar of ,new-,york1   
was employed in the mural tablet and    
bust of ,john ,welles1 which fills a    
conspicuous place in ,st ,paul's        
,church4 ,this production1 with others  
subsequently executed1 attracted the    
attention of the ,trustees of the       
,boston ,athenaeum1 and at their        
request1 in #ahcd1 he proceeded to      
,boston1 and modelled a series of busts 
of eminent men in that city--,webster1  

,bowditch1 ,prescott1 ,story1 ,j4       
,lowell1 and ,t4 ,h4 ,perkins4          
,afterwards he went to ,richmond1 where 
he produced the likeness of ,john       
,marshall1 copies of which adorn the    
,court rooms of ,new ,york1             
,new-,orleans1 and the ,capitol of      
,virginia4 ,on his return he visited    
,president ,jackson1 at whose house he  
executed an inimitable head of that     
extraordinary man4 ,among his other     
productions were heads of ,general      
,lafayette1 in #ahbd1 ,de ,witt         
,clinton1 ,john ,jay1 ,bishop ,hobart1  
,dr4 ,milnor1 ,dr4 ,stearns1 ,nathaniel 
,prime1 ,george ,griswold1 ,eli ,hart1  
c4 ,the monument1 however1 which is     
destined to perpetuate his fame1 is the 
,new ,york ,custom-,house4 ,this edifice
 was commenced in #ahcd by another      
gentleman1 who1 when he had finished the
 base1 abandoned the work and withdrew  
his plans4 ,mr4 ,frazee was obliged to  
commence de novo1 and in #ahdc had      
completed the work4 ,during the erection

 of the ,custom-,house1 from the        
dampness of its material and concomitant
 causes1 he contracted a disorder which 
caused paralysis1 from which he never   
recovered4 ,for several years he held a 
subordinate post under the ,collector4  
,his last effort with the chisel was in 
giving the finishing touch to the bust  
of ,general ,jackson1 which had remained
 in his studio seventeen years1 without 
an order for completion4 ,this was in   
,november last1 and while assiduously at
 work1 his mallet fell from his hand1   
and his worn-out body followed it to the
 floor4         99       99       99    
99       99  ,,john ,,park1 ,m4 ,d41    
died in ,worcester1 ,massachusetts1 on  
the #b;d of ,march1 aged seventy-eight4 
,he was an active member of the old     
,federal party in ,massachusetts1 during
 the administration of ,jefferson and   
,madison1 and exerted a wide and        
important influence by his well-known   
journal1 ,the ,boston ,repertory4 ,at a 
subsequent period1 he established a     

private school for young women1 which   
acquired a celebrity second to that of  
no similar educational institution in   
the old ,commonwealth4 ,he was          
distinguished for his cultivated        
literary tastes1 his uncommon purity of 
character1 his fine social qualities1   
and his cordial and attractive manners4 
,dr4 ,park was the father of ,mrs4 ,l4  
,g4 ,hall1 wife of the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,hall1
 of ,providence1 the authoress of       
,miriam1 and other successful           
productions1 and of ,mr4 ,john ,c4      
,park1 an eminent lawyer in ,boston4    
,mrs4 ,osgood and several other         
distinguished literary women were among 
his pupils4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,,william           
,,thompson1 of ,belfast1 the naturalist 
of ,ireland1 died in ,london on the     
#agth ,february4 ,mr4 ,thompson was born
 in #ahje1 and from earliest youth was  
attached to scientific and literary     
studies4 ,for the last fifteen years his
 name has been before the world of      

science in connection with arduous      
researches on the natural history of    
,ireland4 ,the numerous memoirs         
published by him1 chiefly in scientific 
periodicals1 and latterly in the ,annals
 of ,natural ,history1 of which he was a
 warm supporter1 extend in their        
subjects over all departments of        
zoology1 and several are devoted to     
botanical investigations4 ,he was       
constantly on the watch for new facts   
bearing on the natural history of his   
native island1 which could boast of no  
more truly patriotic son4 ,at the       
meeting of the ,british ,association1 at
 ,cork1 he read an elaborate report on  
the ,fauna of ,ireland1 since published 
in extenso in the ,association          
,transactions2 and it was his intention 
to communicate a continuation of that   
report at the ,belfast meeting4 ,he did 
not confine his inquiries to ,irish     
subjects1 but added considerably to the 
natural history of several parts of     
,england and ,scotland2 and when        

,professor ,forbes proceeded to the     
,a,egean at the invitation of ,captain  
,graves1 ,mr4 ,thompson1 himself an     
intimate friend of that distinguished   
officer1 accompanied him1 and devoted   
the short time he was in the            
,archipelago to zoological observations1
 since published1 chiefly on the        
migration of birds4 ,his love of        
ornithology was intense1 and the results
 of his labors in that department are   
narrated with charming details in the   
volumes that have been published of his 
great work on ,the ,natural ,history of 
,ireland4 ,his name is associated with  
many discoveries1 and numerous species  
of new creatures have been named after  
him4 ,his reputation stood equally high 
on the ,continent and in ,america1 and  
he had been elected an honorary member  
of several foreign societies4 ,he       
numbered among his intimate friends and 
correspondents all the eminent          
naturalists of the day4 ,his love of the
 fine arts was second only to his love  

of science1 and for many years he was   
one of the most active promoters of     
tasteful pursuits1 especially of        
painting1 in ,ireland4 ,he was a        
gentleman of independent means1 and of  
no profession4         99       99      
99       99       99  ,,robert          
,,reinick1 deservedly the most popular  
of recent song writers in ,germany1 died
 at ,dresden early in ,february4 ,he was
 born at ,dantzic1 in #ahje1 and was    
educated an artist1 but he never painted
 more than one picture which attained   
any considerable reputation4 ,his       
sketches were1 however1 remarkable for  
great delicacy of feeling1 and of touch1
 a genial humor and an endless variety  
of fancy4 ,but it was his songs that    
first and most widely made him known to 
the public4 ,without any surprising     
features of genius1 they were so        
natural1 so replete with true and happy 
sentiment1 and flowed so sweetly and    
melodiously in a spontaneous beauty of  
language1 that they were every where    

taken up1 and still remain the intimate 
favorites of the people1 but especially 
of artists1 to whose peculiar life and  
customs many of them are devoted4 ,one  
of the most pleasing books ever         
published in ,germany1 was his ,songs of
 a ,painter1 which was illustrated with 
designs from all the prominent artists  
of ,duesseldorf4 ,its appearance made an
 epoch in the book trade1 and introduced
 the many splendid illustrated works    
that have succeeded it4 ,it is some     
years since we read these songs1 but    
their naivete1 tenderness1 and frolic   
humor are still fresh in our memory4    
,reinick also had a great skill in the  
writing of story books for children1 and
 illustrating them with his own         
drawings4 ,one of these1 the ,black     
,aunt1 has been translated into         
,english1 and was published in this city
 some three or four years since4 ,the   
poet died quite suddenly1 and was       
snatched from a life full of happiness1 
amid constant artistic activity1 and the

 love of his family1 and a boundless    
circle of friends4 ,all ,dresden        
sorrowed at his death1 and his funeral  
procession seemed to embrace the entire 
city4         99       99       99      
99       99  ,,william ,,henry          
,,oxberry1 comedian1 was the son of the 
once eminent actor ,oxberry1 and was    
born in ,brownlow-street1 ,bloomsbury1  
on the #bast of ,april1 #ahjh4 ,he was  
educated at ,merchant ,tailors' school2 
and subsequently studied with an artist 
and in a lawyer's office4 ,at length he 
was apprenticed to a surgeon3 and was   
asked by ,sir ,astley ,cooper1 during an
 examination1 whether1 when he saw his  
father convulse the audience with       
laughter1 he felt no ambition to tread  
in his shoes8 ,no doubt he did1 for he  
soon after made his essay at the        
,rawstone-street private theatre1 in the
 character of ,abel ,day1 which he      
performed to the ,captain ,careless of  
,mr4 ,f4 ,matthews4 ,his public         
commencement was deferred till the #agth

 ,march1 #ahbe1 for the ,olympic1 in the
 part of ,sam ,swipes1 in ,the ,high    
,road to ,marriage4 ,he remained not    
long there1 but took a situation under  
,mr4 ,leigh ,hunt1 on the ,examiner4    
,shortly afterwards he returned to the  
stage1 and went on a provincial tour1   
and finally appeared in #ahcb at the    
,strand ,theatre1 as ,fathom1 in ,the   
,hunchback4 ,since that period he was   
seen with credit in turn at every       
theatre in the metropolis4 ,on the #aath
 ,december1 #ahca1 he married ,ellen    
,malcombe ,lancaster4 ,he also became   
manager of the ,english ,opera-,house1  
but was not successful4 ,the loss of his
 wife was a misfortune1 and his         
subsequent career was not prosperous4   
,he died on the #bhth of ,february4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,the ,,rev4 ,,christopher ,,anderson1   
died at ,edinburgh1 on the #gth of      
,february1 aged seventy4 ,he was best   
known as the author of ,annals of the   
,english ,bible and ,the ,history of    

,irish ,literature4 ,he was educated at 
,bristol1 at the college of which ,dr4  
,ryland was president4 ,he intended in  
early life to accompany ,drs4 ,carey1   
,marshman1 and ,ward1 to ,india1 when   
the ,baptist ,societies' ,mission was   
established in the east2 but being      
prevented by the state of his health he 
settled in ,edinburgh1 where he has for 
nearly half a century been the respected
 pastor of a ,baptist church4 ,in       
missionary work1 both at home and       
abroad1 he always took deep and active  
interest4 ,he travelled much through    
,ireland1 and knew well the state of the
 people4 ,his historical narration of   
the various attempts to educate the     
,irish in their own tongue is referred  
to by all who are engaged in ,irish     
education and missions4 ,he visited     
,copenhagen many years ago in order to  
obtain the protection of the ,danish    
,government for the ,serampore mission4 
,the king granted him an interview1     
received him cordially1 and granted a   

charter of incorporation4 ,it is from   
the ,serampore press that the           
,scriptures first began to be issued in 
the languages of the east1 and the names
 of ,carey and the other superintendents
 of the ,serampore mission are memorable
 in the records of literature as well as
 of the church4 ,he published in #ahde  
the ,annals of the ,english ,bible1 an  
historical account of the different     
,english translations and editions of   
the ,bible1 a work of learning and      
research1 lately reprinted in ,new-,york
 by the ,carters4         99       99   
99       99       99  ,the mother of ,m4
 ,thiers has expired at ,batignolles1   
where she has long resided on a pension 
allowed her by her son4 ,m4 ,thiers was 
the only child of this woman1 although  
his father had other children by a      
former marriage1 one of whom keeps a    
restaurant in ,paris4         99        
99       99       99       99  ,the some
 time expected death of ,,thomas ,,moore
 occurred on the #bfth of ,february1 at 

,sloperton ,cottage1 near ,devizes4     
,like ,southey and ,scott1 the ,british 
,anacreon had for several years before  
his decease1 quite lost his             
intelligence1 and he lingered in        
seclusion1 and in half slumbering       
unconsciousness1 personally well nigh   
forgotten by the world4 ,his history is 
little more than a history of his       
writings4 ,he was deservedly popular in 
society1 for his amiable qualities1 and 
fascinating manners2 he shared the      
intimacy of the greatest men and        
greatest writers of his age1 more       
prolific of eminent characters than any 
other since that of ,shakspeare1        
,raleigh1 and ,sidney2 and dividing his 
time between the quiet charms of        
domestic ease1 and the smiles of the    
most elevated classes1 he may be said to
 have been a fortunate and happy man4   
,as a song writer1 he was doubtless     
unrivalled4 ,his versification is       
exquisitely finished1 harmonious1 and   
musically toned4 ,the sense is never    

obviously sacrificed to the sound2 on   
the contrary1 he delighted in that      
species of antithetical and epigramatic 
turn1 which is generally held to excuse 
some roughness1 and to be scarcely      
compatible with perfect melody of       
rhythm4 ,in grace1 both of thought and  
diction1 in easy1 fluent wit1 in melody1
 in brilliancy of fancy1 in warmth 7but 
scarcely depth7 of sentiment1 and even  
in purity and simplicity1 when he chose 
to be pure and simple1 no one has been  
superior to ,moore2 but in grandeur of  
conception1 power of thought1 and above 
all1 unity of purpose1 and a high aim1  
he was singularly deficient1 and these  
are necessary to the character1 not of a
 sweet minstrel1 but of a great poet4   
,the ,london ,morning ,chronicle        
furnishes a biography of ,moore1 which  
we slightly abridge4 ,with him1 says the
 ,chronicle1 is snapped the last tie1   
save perhaps one1 represented by the    
veteran ,rogers1 which connects the     
present generation with the outburst of 

all the talents which signalized the    
opening of the century4 ,that great     
kindling of genius--embracing almost all
 sides of imaginative literature1 of    
criticism and philosophy--is becoming   
more a thing of history than of fact4   
,year by year1 the lights are going out4
 ,wordsworth was the last extinguished  
before ,moore2 and now1 to all intents  
and purposes1 the great galaxy which    
poured such a flood of light on the     
literature of fifty years ago--which    
extinguished ,rosa ,matilda fiction and 
,delia ,cruscan poetry--substituted true
 criticism for technical carping upon   
philological points1 and established new
 styles in every branch of the          
belles-lettres--this great constellation
 may now be said to have disappeared4   
,one of the brightest1 if not of the    
largest stars1 has long been obscured1  
and is now quite put out4 ,the fame of  
,moore is fairly a matter of discussion4
 ,it cannot1 we believe1 be denied that 
much of his serious and more ambitious  

verse1 founded on promptings of a more  
luscious and florid fancy than the      
present tastes incline to admit1 and no 
inconsiderable portion even of his lyric
 pieces1--refined to attenuation--are   
less read and admired than they were a  
score or thirty years ago4 ,a severer   
and sterner school of poetry has        
succeeded--one of deeper feeling and    
more sober thought2 and the             
representatives of those who revelled in
 ,lalla ,rookh1 and delighted in the    
strains of ,mr4 ,little1 now generally  
address themselves to more staid and    
philosophic musings4 ,the ,irish        
,melodies1 too--exquisite as is their   
word-music--fanciful as is their        
conception--delightful as is their      
playfulness1 and touching as is their   
pathos--even the ,irish ,melodies1 we   
believe are declining in popular        
estimation4 ,the reasons are obvious4   
,in the first place1 the ,irish         
,melodies are not particularly ,irish2  
they have grace1 sparkling fancy1       

delicious feeling2 but they are too     
fine-spun to do the work-a-day duty of  
popular songs4 ,as literary             
performances1 nine-tenths of ,burns's   
are inferior to ,moore's2 and all       
,dibdin's are immeasurably beneath them4
 ,yet the probability is that ,when     
,willie ,brewed1 and ,poor ,tom         
,bowling1 will be in the full tide of   
popularity1 where ,rich and ,rare1 and  
,oh ,breathe not ,his ,name1 will be    
unsung and forgotten4 ,in a certain     
circle1 and among people of a certain   
reading and appreciation1 ,moore will   
live as long as the language2 but his   
genius was delicate and acute rather    
than catholic and strong4 ,he had a rich
 play of fancy1 but none of the soaring 
imagination of ,shelley or ,byron4 ,his 
mind1 in fact1 was a first-class        
second-rate4 ,it had no pretensions to  
stand in the line of the giants of his  
time4 ,brightly fanciful1 rather than   
continuously imaginative--teeming with  
poetic imagery--loving to sparkle along 

the floweriest paths1 and beneath the   
balmiest skies--revelling always in fays
 and flowers--in love1 and mingled      
intellectual and sensual                
pleasures--playful in the extreme1 and  
always ready to stop to make mirth as   
joyous and as delightful as the         
passion--his muse1 in his great romantic
 poems1 is the incarnation of a charming
 ,epicureanism2 and the mirth and jolity
 could go a long step further4 ,he had  
wit1 which sparkled as brightly as it   
could cut deeply2 and humor1 and sense  
of the ludicrous1 which could be as     
well1 if not more effectually applied to
 living persons and actual things than  
to the creations of his own fancy2 and  
accordingly we find him loving to turn  
from the etherealized voluptuousness of 
,loves of the ,angels1 or the mystic    
imaginings of the ,epicurean1 to the    
sharp and brilliant hittings of         
political and social squibs--the        
restless satire with which1 in the      
,fudge ,family and hundreds of ephemeral

 but not the less clever lays1 he       
quizzed his political and literary      
opponents1 abolished the ,earl of       
,mountcashell1 or shot stinging shafts  
through the heart of the ,benthamites4  
,it is1 indeed1 far from probable that  
,moore's political and satiric poetry1  
little perhaps as he thought of it at   
the time1 will live after his more      
ambitious works have sunk into that     
chronic state of classicism1 in which   
books are labelled with an excellent    
character1 and shelved--turned into the 
category of works without which no      
gentleman's library is complete1 and    
doomed1 not to actual obscurity1 but to 
honorable retirement4 ,the last of his  
political squibs and short poems were   
given to the world in the columns of the
 ,morning ,chronicle2 and referred      
principally to the earlier struggles of 
the ,anti-,corn ,law ,league--the verses
 having in most cases been suggested by 
pasting political events4  ,thomas      
,moore died at the ripe age of          

seventy-two4 ,he was born on the #bhth  
of ,may1 #aghj1 in ,angier-street1      
,dublin1 where his father1 a strict     
,roman ,catholic1 carried on a grocery  
and spirit business4 ,as a child1 he is 
said to have been remarkable for        
personal beauty2 but his appearance in  
after life hardly carried out the       
promise of infancy4 ,he was short1 with 
a heavy1 expressive1 but not handsome   
face1 which1 however1 lightened up      
wonderfully when conversing or singing  
his own ballads4 ,he was educated at    
,dublin1 and one of big first noted     
peculiarities was a fondness and a      
talent for private theatricals4 ,taking 
advantage of the boon1 as it was then   
considered1 the young ,roman ,catholic  
was entered at ,trinity ,college4 ,he   
could not1 of course1 obtain a degree2  
but some ,english verses tendered at an 
examination1 in lieu of the usual ,latin
 composition1 procured a copy of the    
,travels of ,anacharsis1 as a reward4   
,the wild times of the ,irish rebellion 

were approaching1 and the poet was      
naturally to be found in the ranks led  
by the ,emmetts and ,arthur ,o',connor2 
but his treasonable lucubrations1       
though1 as his own sister remarked1     
rather strong1 were passed over without 
any measures against the enthusiastic   
young champion of liberty4 ,politics1   
however1 were by no means the only      
subject of his muse4 ,at the age of     
fourteen he published poetry in a       
,dublin magazine1 and afterwards        
composed many semi-burlesque pieces for 
private representation4  ,in his        
twentieth year1 giving up republicanism 
for ever1 ,moore came to ,london to     
study at the ,middle ,temple1 and       
publish his translations1 or rather     
paraphrases1 of ,anacreon4 ,as may be   
imagined1 he attended much more to the  
,greek than to ,coke upon ,lyttleton1   
and permission1 obtained through the    
friendship of ,lord ,moira1 to dedicate 
the work to the ,prince ,regent1 was the
 means of his introduction to those     

elevated circles in which he was        
afterwards to move and shine4 ,his      
,anacreon was highly successful1 and was
 succeeded1 in #ahja1 by ,poems and     
,songs1 by ,thomas ,little4 ,whatever   
objections may be raised by the present 
generation to either of these works1    
there can be no doubt of their vivid    
play of fancy1 their singular grace1    
even when verging on improprieties1 and 
their exquisite melody of versification4
 ,his translations of the ,old ,greek   
,lover1 and of ,women and ,wine1 are    
probably the finest and richest versions
 of these often rendered songs in the   
,english language--always excepting the 
rough but thoroughly racy version of the
 last1 by quaint old ,mr4 ,donne4  ,in  
the days of the regency1 poets came in  
for patronage1 and ,mr4 ,moore1 made    
registrar to the ,court of ,admiralty at
 ,bermuda--as singularly appropriate an 
appointment as some we have seen in our 
own day--went out to the islands1       
appointed a deputy1 took a glance at the

 ,united ,states1 and came home again4  
,he then published ,sketches of ,travel 
and ,society beyond the ,atlantic--a    
satiric work in heroic verse1 vigorously
 written1 but politically evincing a    
miserable short-sightedness4 ,soon      
afterwards1 a savage review in the      
,edinburgh1 of a republication of       
,juvenile ,songs1 c41 led to the        
celebrated rencontre between ,moore and 
,jeffrey1 at ,hampstead1 when the great 
critic1 as ,byron asserted1 stood       
valiantly up3      ,when ,little's      
leadless pistol met his eye     ,and    
,bow-street myrmidons stood laughing by4
  ,the affair was ultimately arranged1  
mainly through the intervention of ,mr4 
,rogers1 and at his house ,moore shortly
 afterwards made his first acquaintance 
with ,byron and ,campbell4 ,the long and
 affectionate intimacy between ,moore   
and the author of ,childe ,harold1 we   
need here only allude to4 ,moore had    
about this time married4 ,his wife was a
 ,miss ,dyke1 a woman1 of strong sense  

and character1 as well as great beauty  
and amiability4 ,their children are all 
dead4  ,a couple of political satires of
 no great merit--one setting forth a    
sober and earnest panegyric upon        
ignorance--were followed by the famous  
,two-penny ,post ,bag1 a bundle of      
rollicking satire and humor4 ,it made a 
great hit4 ,not so its author's next    
venture1 a farce called the ,blue       
,stocking1 damned at the ,lyceum4       
,moore's intimacy with ,byron and ,hunt 
was broken off by the outspoken tone of 
the ,liberal1 and especially by the     
,vision of ,judgment4 ,moore thought his
 friends had gone too far4 ,what would  
,carlton ,house say6 ,for if1 as ,byron 
said1 ,little ,tommy dearly loved a     
lord1 with how much more affection did  
he worship a prince of the blood royal8 
,the ,melodies were his next1 and       
perhaps most popular compositions4      
,charming as they are1 and exquisitely  
finished as is their lyrical            
workmanship1 we doubt whether they have 

the stamina and heart-rooted            
earnestness1 which are requisite to make
 songs immortal4 ,only the strongest    
heart and the manliest brain produce    
offspring to suit all tastes and to last
 all time4  ,it was in #ahab that ,moore
 determined to write an ,indian poem4   
,mr4 ,perry1 of the ,morning ,chronicle1
 accompanied the poet to the ,messrs4   
,longman1 and through his intervention  
the great sum of #c1jjj guineas was     
settled on as the price of a piece of   
which not one word was yet written4     
,moore then retired to ,mayfield        
,cottage1 a desolate place in           
,derbyshire1 and after a long and hard  
struggle with a coquettish muse--after a
 three years' retirement--he sent forth 
,lalla ,rookh4 ,its success was immense2
 the poem ran rapidly through several   
editions1 and ,moore's fame stood upon a
 higher and surer pedestal than ever4   
,the tales were the triumph of poetic   
lusciousness2 but not a few old judges  
stigmatized their taste by preferring   

,fadladeen and his criticisms1 even to  
the ,fireworshippers1 or the            
tribulations of the ,peri4 ,we need     
hardly say that the judgment of these   
tough critics has now a far greater     
number of adherents than it once        
commanded4  ,after a continental tour1  
,moore wrote the clever and popular     
,fudge ,family4 ,in the following year  
he met ,byron in ,italy1 and then the   
latter intrusted to him his memoirs for 
publication4 ,these memoirs ,moore sold 
to ,murray for two thousand guineas2    
but1 as is well known and a good deal   
regretted1 the purchase money was       
refunded1 and the papers regained1 and  
destroyed4 ,pecuniary difficulties      
connected with the misconduct of his    
,bermuda deputy1 about this time1       
compelled ,moore to seek a temporary    
refuge in ,paris1 and there he led a    
pleasant social life1 such as he loved1 
and composed the ,loves of the ,angels1 
which is not much more than an elaborate
 and carefully wrought repetition of all

 his previous love-and-flower poetry4   
,the whole thing is dreamy1 lulling1 and
 beautiful1 but vague and misty4 ,the   
words tinkle like falling fountains1 and
 the essence of the closing fancy floats
 about one like perfume2 but this       
enervating species of composition is far
 from high or true poetry1 and          
accordingly the work is now far oftener 
alluded to than it is read4 ,in ,paris  
he occupied the same hotel for a long   
time with his intimate friend           
,washington ,irving4  ,in #ahbe ,moore  
paid a visit to ,scott1 who pronounced  
the ,irish melodist the prettiest       
warbler he had ever heard4 ,one evening 
,scott and his guest visited the theatre
 at ,edinburgh4 ,soon after their       
unmarked entrance1 the attention of the 
audience1 which had been engrossed by   
the ,duchess of ,st4 ,albans1 was       
directed towards the new comers2 and1   
according to a newspaper report1 copied 
and published by ,mr4 ,moore in one of  
his last prefaces1 considerable         

excitement ensued4 ,eh6 exclaimed a man 
in the pit1 eh1 yon's ,sir ,walter1 wi' 
,lockhart and his wife2 and wha's the   
wee body wi' the pawkie een8 ,wow1 but  
it's ,tarn ,moore1 just4 ,scott1 ,scott6
 ,moore1 ,moore6 immediately resounded  
through the house4 ,scott would not     
rise2 ,moore did1 and bowed several     
times1 with his hand on his heart4      
,scott afterwards acknowledged the      
plaudits of his countrymen2 and the     
orchestra1 during the rest of the       
evening1 played alternately ,scotch and 
,irish airs4  ,soon after this period1  
,moore was established1 by the kind     
offices of his old and stanch friend the
 ,marquis of ,lansdowne1 in ,sloperton  
,cottage1 where he passed the remainder 
of his days1 and where he ended them4   
,it was here that he commenced his      
career as a biographer1 and produced    
successively the memoirs of ,lord       
,edward ,fitzgerald1 ,lord ,byron1 and  
,sheridan4 ,the two latter are well     
known and highly appreciated4 ,it was in

 the previous year that the poet first  
came out as a prose writer in the       
,memoirs of ,captain ,rock1 a bitter and
 unfair account of--or rather commentary
 on--the ,english government of         
,ireland1 and a curious instance of     
warped and twisted views in a man of the
 world like ,moore1 almost unavoidable  
in an ,irishman writing of his country4 
,his next serious work--he continued his
 squibs and sparkles of occasional      
verse--was the ,travels of an ,irish    
,gentleman in ,search of a ,religion--in
 which he attempted to show that the    
doctrines and practises of the ,roman   
,catholic ,church date from the         
apostolic period4 ,the last of his prose
 works1 and that which has attained a   
greater sale1 we believe1 than any of   
them1 was the romance of ,the           
,epicurean4 ,here ,moore's style1 always
 too florid1 is occasionally redeemed by
 passages of eloquence and natural      
feeling4 ,there is much out-of-the-way  
learning in the book1 but a pompous and 

cumbrous ornament overlays every thing4 
,the book had great success1 but of what
 ,mr4 ,carlyle calls the wind-bag       
nature4 ,the wind inside was very highly
 perfumed1 and sighed with very pleasing
 murmurs1 but it was only wind1 and1 as 
such1 will ooze out presently1 and the  
,epicurean bag will be little regarded4 
,from this time political and social    
squibs were the only literary           
occupations to which ,mr4 ,moore devoted
 himself until1 gradually and fitfully  
mental darkness came down on him4 ,of   
critical estimates of ,moore1 we have   
seen none to which we more perfectly    
agree1 than one 7sometimes attributed to
 ,richard ,h4 ,dana1 but7 written by    
,professor ,edward ,t4 ,channing1 for   
the ,north ,american ,review soon after 
that ,review was established4  ,the best
 edition of ,moore's works ever         
published in this country1 is the very  
beautiful one in octavo1 from the press 
of the ,appletons1 embracing all the    
revisions1 introductions1 notes1 c41 of 

the author's recent ten volume edition1 
printed in ,london4         99       99 
99       99       99  ,the well-known   
artist1 ,,samuel ,,prout1 died in       
,london on the #ajth of ,february4 ,the 
,athenaeum remarks that he was long and 
popularly known by a style of ,art which
 he may be said to have originated1--and
 to the influence of his example may be 
ascribed the distinctive character and  
the successes of the ,english school of 
painters of architectural subjects4     
,born at ,plymouth about the year #aghd1
 like his townsmen distinguished in art1
 he owed little to the patronage of his 
native town1 unless their share in the  
praises which he ultimately commanded   
may be counted to them as encouragement4
 ,in the metropolis his first patron1   
was ,mr4 ,palser1 the printseller1 who  
used to take all his water color        
drawings at low prices1 and had a ready 
sale for them4 ,when ,mr4 ,prout had    
arrived at distinction1 he never omitted
 grateful mention of the advantages he  

had derived from the acquaintance and   
transactions4 ,mr4 ,prout early gained  
the notice of the late ,mr4 ,ackermann2 
and the many drawing-books for learners1
 and other prints which he undertook for
 that gentleman1 soon gave currency to  
his name4 ,his transcripts of ,gothic   
architecture at home it is superfluous  
to commend2 and when the allied armies  
had made it safe to venture to the      
,continent1 he was among the earliest of
 the ,english to travel there4 ,his love
 of the picturesque was gratified amid  
the new and remarkable combinations of  
form which met his eye at ,nuernberg and
 in many of the adjacent cities4 ,he was
 among the first ,english artists to add
 to what had been already made known of 
,venice by ,canaletto4 ,nor must it be  
forgotten that he was among the first   
when ,senefelder's newly discovered     
process was imported to try his hand at 
it4 ,the powers of the art of           
,lithography1 though its processes may  
have been improved and amplified        

since1--were never better exhibited than
 in ,mr4 ,prout's broad and vigorous    
touch4 ,the ,landscape ,annual is       
another record of his powers4 ,other    
books of the class testify to his       
unwearied industry and graphic skill4   
,for many years suffering from          
ill-health1 ,mr4 ,prout1 in convalescent
 intervals1 labored cheerfully at the   
vocation which he had so illustrated in 
better times4         99       99       
99       99       99  ,the venerable    
,dr4 ,,murray1 ,roman ,catholic         
,archbishop of ,dublin1 died at his     
residence in that city on the #beth of  
,february4 ,the death of this excellent 
prelate1 whose life has been a model of 
,christian forbearance in a country     
where such an example is invaluable1 the
 journals say is deeply regretted by    
moderate men of all the religious       
denominations of the country4         99
       99       99       99       99    
,dr4 ,m',,nicholas1 titular ,bishop of  
,achonry1 died about the middle of      

,february4 ,he was regarded as one of   
the ripest scholars among the ,roman    
,catholic hierarchy of ,ireland1 and    
belonged to the advanced school of      
educationists4         99       99      
99       99       99  ,the ,london      
papers announce the death of ,mr4       
,,holcroft1 son of the more famous      
,thomas ,holcroft1 the dramatist1--who  
was for many years connected with the   
press1 and1 perhaps1 in that capacity   
most prominently known as the musical   
and dramatic critic of one of the       
leading daily papers4         99        
99       99       99       99  ,m4      
,,benchot1 the editor of ,voltaire's    
works1 lately died at ,paris4 ,he       
devoted thirty years to studies         
preparatory to the execution of his     
undertaking1 which he finally completed 
in #ahcd4 ,he also published in #ahaa a 
laborious work on ,french bibliography1 
which is still a standard manual4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,,johann ,,kollar1 ,professor of        

,slavonian antitiquities at the         
,university of ,vienna1 died on ,january
 #bdth1 last1 in his sixtieth year4 ,he 
was born at ,mursotz1 in ,hungary1 and  
was educated as a ,protestant clergyman2
 he was appointed ,professor in #ahdi4  
,he contributed greatly to the          
intellectual movement of recent years   
among the ,austrian and ,prussian       
,slavonians4 ,his literary reputation   
was first established by ,slavy dcera   
7,the ,daughter of ,fame7 a lyrical epic
 poem1 published in #ahbd4 ,his ideal   
end was the creation of an independent  
,slavonic literature1 which should      
preserve his race from the ever         
increasing influence of ,german culture1
 by which he foresaw that it must be    
absorbed1 unless it could be aroused to 
a development strictly its own4 ,during 
the ,hungarian war he remained an       
adherent of the ,austrian side4 ,he     
leaves two nearly finished works2 the   
one is ,slavonic ,italy in ,early       
,times2 the other is upon ,slavonic     

,mythology1 and is entitled ,the ,gods  
of ,retra4 ,they are written in the     
,bohemian or ,tschechic language4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,the widow of ,,von ,,kotzebue1 the     
author of ,the ,stranger and ,pizarro   
7the former of which still keeps        
possession of the ,german provincial    
stage71 who was assassinated at         
,mannheim by the student ,sand1 died at 
,heidelberg1 on the #dth of ,february1  
at the age of #gc4 ,she was ,kotzebue's 
third wife1 and had lived for many years
 in strict retirement4         99       
99       99       99       99  ,,baron  
,,krudener1 ,russian ,minister in       
,stockholm since #ahdd1 died early in   
,february4         99       99       99 
99       99  ,m4 ,,lucas ,,de           
,,montigny1 the adopted son of          
,mirabeau1 died in ,paris1 early in     
,february4 ,on his death-bed ,mirabeau  
took him in his arms1 and called on his 
friends to protect him4 ,he left him all
 his papers and correspondence1 and some

 years ago ,m4 ,lucas compiled from them
 eight volumes of ,memoires             
,biographiques of le grand homme4 ,he   
naturally entertained a profound        
veneration for the memory of his        
benefactor2 and1 it is said1 spent not  
less than #ajj1jjj francs 7#bj1jjj71 of 
his private fortune1 in buying up       
letters and documents calculated to cast
 dishonor upon it4 ,these papers he of  
course destroyed1 and it does not appear
 that he left behind him any calculated 
to throw new light on the character or  
career of the tribune4         99       
99       99       99       99  ,belgian 
journals announce the death of a ,m4    
,,smits1 a great compiler of statistics1
 and a poet3 two vocations rather       
dissimilar4 ,he wrote three tragedies1  
called ,marie de ,bourgogne1 ,jeanne de 
,flandre1 ,elfrida1 ou la ,vengeance1   
which were applauded by his countrymen2 
also several poems on different         
subjects1 and especially on the rising  
of the ,spaniards and ,greeks for       

liberty4         99       99       99   
99       99  ,,dr4 ,,eylert1 first      
,bishop of ,prussia1 died a short time  
since at ,potsdam1 aged eighty-two4 ,he 
was the author of several works on      
theology1 and on the sciences4 ,for a   
long time he was a member of the        
,ministry of ,public ,worship and       
,instruction4         99       99       
99       99       99  ,,victor ,,falck1 
a distinguished ,french ornithologist1  
has just died at ,stockholm4     ,ladies
 ,fashions for ,april4   ,illustration3 
,,la ,,vivandiere  ,the spring has      
brought to the several departments of   
fashion the usual amount of changes1 but
 at our last advices there were many    
points of some consequence undecided1 as
 for example1 the length of dresses1    
which some authorities make greater than
 ever in recent years1 and others less1 
by a few inches4 ,among the chief       
novelties we notice ,la ,vivandiere1    
which1 with various styles of the gilet1
 or waist1 has been introduced into     

,new-,york by ,bulpin of ,broadway4 ,the
 waistcoat will remain in vogue4 ,the   
,parisiennes1 who had begun to turn it  
into ridicule1 still patronize it2 and  
the provinciales need not fear to adopt 
it4 ,but some conditions are necessary  
in order to render it becoming and      
stylish4 ,the figure of the wearer      
should be thin1 tall1 and sylph-like2   
all others should avoid the style4      
,rounded1 white shoulders appear to much
 more advantage in toilette ,pompadour  
than in toilet ,louis ,,xiii4 ,the      
corsage ,louis ,,xiii41 and the         
waistcoat accord so well together that  
they are scarcely ever separated4       
,however1 some bodies a basquines are   
made to be worn without the waistcoat4  
,they are then trimmed with velvet or   
ribbon bands1 which cross the chest and 
fasten with buttons2 the chemisette     
being composed of frills of ,english    
point or ,valenciennes1 separated by    
embroidered insertion4  ,illustration3  
,,infant',s ,,straw ,,bedford ,,hat4    

,illustration3 ,,the ,,bateman ,,cap4   
,illustration3 ,,the ,,clementine       
,,riding ,,hat4  ,illustration3 ,,the   
,,st4 ,,nicholas ,,cap4  ,illustration3 
,,boy',s ,,straw ,,brussels ,,hat4      
,illustration3 ,,misses ,,leghorn       
,,hats4  ,the recent fine bright weather
 has brought out many very elegant      
spring bonnets4 ,the most fashionable   
are of ,leghorn1 which1 during the      
approaching season1 is likely to recover
 the favor it enjoyed some years ago4   
,the shape of new ,leghorn bonnets is   
elegant and becoming--the brim is wide  
and circular1 and the crown gently      
sloping backwards4 ,the bavolet at the  
back is made of the ,leghorn itself1    
instead of being composed of silk or    
ribbon1 as in bonnets of straw or other 
materials4 ,the favorite style of       
trimming ,leghorns is with fancy straw1 
tastefully intermingled with velvet or  
ribbon1 of some dark rick color4 ,on one
 side may be placed a small ostrich     
feather1 of the color of the ,leghorn1  

or shaded in the hues of the bird of    
,paradise4 ,as the season advances1     
flowers will be employed for trimming   
these bonnets4 ,genin has introduced a  
great variety of new and fanciful styles
 from the recent ,paris modes1 for      
children1 and for ladies' riding        
dresses4 ,they are of ,leghorn1 felt1   
and beaver1 all of which will be in     
vogue through ,april1 and they are      
generally very tasteful and elegant4    
,illustration  ,in the above figure we  
have a ,promenade or ,carriage ,costume1
 of rich figured silk2 the sleeves open 
at the ends1 with under sleeves of white
 muslin2 with a ,leghorn bonnet1 trimmed
 with fancy straw and violet-colored    
ribbon1 tastefully intermingled2 on one 
side a ,leghorn colored feather1 waving 
spirally4 ,under-trimming1 loops of     
narrow ribbon in various shades of      
violet2 and gloves of pale yellow kid4  
,the taffetas d',athenes is appropriate 
for ball dresses1 and obtains generally2
 the ground is white1 blue1 or pale     

pink1 brochees in silk of all colors in 
wreaths1 or bouquets1 forming undulating
 festoons round the bottoms of the      
triple skirts4 ,the upper skirt is      
flowered over in small designs to the   
waist1 as is also the body and sleeves4 
,the taffetas flore has a white ground1 
covered with small bouquets of wild     
field flowers4 ,the taffetas rose has   
wreaths of large roses1 brochees in     
white silk round each skirt1 and        
rose-buds over the top skirt and body4  
,this toilet should be accompanied with 
a coiffure1 of a wreath of white roses1 
fixed behind by a bow and long floating 
ends of satin ribbon1 forming an elegant
 evening toilette for a bride4 ,the     
manteaux1 with hoods1 continue in       
fashion2 they are generally made of     
cloth4 ,the mantelet-echarpe has been   
cited for its elegance and taste4 ,it is
 more dressy than the manteaux1 marking 
the waist1 and descending in front in   
square ends4 ,sorties de bal1 are very  
fanciful4 ,some of white cachemire1     

trimmed with beads1 silk1 and jet1 with 
magnificent lace or deep fringe4 ,others
 of white or pink satin1 edged with     
ruches of guipure lace1 or rouleaux of  
marabouts4 ,they have hoods and large   
,venetian sleeves4