,h&book ( ! ,m9neapolis ,in/itute ( ,arts ,) #adc ,illu/rations ,joseph ,breck & ,h5ry ,wehle ,publi%$ by ! ,m9neapolis ,society ( ,f9e ,arts #aiag ,,cont5ts ,,! ,,m9neapolis ,,society ,,( ,,f9e ,,arts ,,preface ,,! ,,m9neapolis ,,in/itute ,,( ,,arts ,,g5]al ,,in=mation ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,floor ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,second ,,floor ,,! ,,fir/ ,,floor ,,! ,,ca/ ,,collection ,,! ,,pr9t ,,dep>tm5t ,,ne> ,,ea/]n ,,art ,,japanese ,,art ,,*9ese ,,art ,,egyptian ,,art ,,anci5t ,,art ,,go?ic ,,art ,,r5aissance ,,art ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury ,,art ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury ,,art ,,! ,,second ,,floor ,,mod]n ,,am]ican ,,pa9t+s ,,mod]n ,,european ,,pa9t+s ,,mod]n ,,draw+s ,,mod]n ,,sculpture ,,! ,,brad/reet ,,room ,,illu/rations ,,fir/ ,,floor ,,plan4 ,,second ,,floor ,,plan4 ,view ( ! ,s\? ,hall4 ,r5aissance ,ca/s4 ,! ,ea/ ,corridor3 ,greek & ,roman ,ca/s ,gall]y ,b-#aj3 ,go?ic ,ca/s ,! ,pr9t ,/udy ,room ,*ri/ ,heal+ ! ,sick1 ,et*+1 ,rembr&t1 #afjg-affi ,portrait ( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds by ,himself ,mezzot9t by ,val5t9e ,gre51 #agci-ahac ,! ,break+ up ( ! ,agamemnon4 ,sir ,francis ,seym\r ,had51 #ahah-aiaj ,we>y1 ,dry-po9t1 by ,james ,mc,neil ,:i/l]1 #ahcd-aijc ,la ,gall]ie ,notre-,dame1 ,et*+ by ,m]yon1 #ahba-ahfh ,! ,digg]s1 ,et*+ 7,?ird ,/ate71 by ,f4 ,millet1 #ahad-ahge ,plate1 ) ,floral ,design ,asia ,m9or1 ,,xvi ,c5tury ,two ,fragm5ts ( ,b[ls1 ,p]sian1 ,rhages1 ,,xiii ,c5tury4 ,left3 ,poly*rome ,decoration1 ,"r3 ,lu/r$ ,decoration ,velvet ,brocade ,turki%1 ,,xvi ,c5tury ,mosque ,doors1 ,c>v$ ,wood1 ,p]sian1 ab\t #aejj ,autumn1 ,six-fold ,scre51 by ,yeitoku1 #aedc-aeij ,w9t]1 ,six-fold ,scre51 by ,yeitoku1 #aedc-aeij ,tig]1 ,attribut$ to ,ses%u1 #adbj-aejf4 ,aft] a ,design by ,y5-,hiu1 #ajhb-aace4 ,gift ( ,*>les ,l4 ,fre] ,cov]$ ,box1 ,cloisonne ,enamel4 ,japanese1 ,,xix ,c5tury4 ,decorat$ 9 ! ,old ,korean ,/yle4 ,cloisonne ,vase ,*9ese1 ,m+ ,dyna/y ,horse's ,head4 ,han ,p]iod ,mortu>y ,vase4 ,han ,p]iod ,pa9t+ ,on ,silk by ,ma ,yuan ,anci5t ,*9ese ,jades ,pa9t+ attribut$ to ,pi5 ,*9-,/an ,tung ,fang ,s4 ,jade ,pr9cess ,yang4 ,m+ ,p]iod ,vase4 ,m+ ,p]iod ,*9ese ,porcela9 ( ! ,,xvii & ,,xviii ,c5turies ,detail ( ! ,c>tonnage ,enclos+ ! ,mummy ( ! 8,lady ( ! ,h\se1 ,te%a04 ,dyna/y ,,xxii-,,xxv ,c(f9 & ,mummy ( ! 8,lady ( ! ,h\se1 ,te%a0 ,f ,!bes1 ,dyna/y ,,xxii-,,xxv4 ,l[] ,"p ( ,c(f94 ,dyna/y ,,xxi ,/atuette1 ,wood4 ,dyna/y ,,xii ,goddess ,nei?1 ,bronze ,dyna/y ,,xxvi ,fun]>y ,papyrus ,u%abti1 ,wood ,cov] ( a ,canopic ,j>1 ,t]racotta ,gr\p ( ,egyptian ,alaba/] ,vessels ,bronze ,mirror ,amulet ,sacr$ ,eye & ,sc>ab ,piri=m ,vase4 ,cypriote1 ,myc5aean ,/yle4 ca4 #aejj-abjj ,b4,c4 ,cypriote ,pott]y ,babylonian ,tablet ,f ,jokha1 ca4 #bcej ,b4 ,c4 ,a ,pope1 ,/atuette 9 ,oak4 ,flemi%1 ab\t #aejj ,head ( ! ,virg91 ,/one4 ,fr5*1 late ,,xiv ,c5tury ,a ,view ( ! ,go?ic ,room ,hunt+ ,p>ty ) ,falcons4 ,burgundian ,tape/ry1 ab\t #adej ,detail3 ,falcons ,attack+ a ,h]on2 ,hunt] ) ,lure ,two ,sc5es f ! ,/ory ( ,e/h]4 ,flemi% ,tape/ry1 late ,,xv ,c5tury ,! ,virg9 & ,/4 ,john4 ,flemi%1 ab\t #aejj ,virg9 & ,*ild1 ,/one4 ,fr5*1 ,,xiv ,c5tury ,a ,sa9t1 ,l9d5wood4 ,g]man1 ,s*ool ( ,ulm1 ab\t #aejj ,/4 ,m>y ,magdal5e1 ,l9d5 ,wood4 ,attribut$ to ,jorg ,syrl9 ! ,y\ng]1 #adbe-;aft] #aeba ,small ,column1 ,m>ble4 ,s\!rn ,fr5*1 ,,xiv ,c5tury ,/4 ,francis ,receiv+ ! ,/igmata4 ,s*ool ( ,giotto1 ab\t #accj ,madonna & ,*ild4 ,! ,ma/] ( ! ,/4 ,ursula ,leg5d ,madonna & ,angels4 ,ateli] ( ,jean ,b\rdi*on1 #adeg-aeba ,! ,miracul\s ,field ( ,:eat4 ,joa*im ,pat9ir & ,qu5t9 ,massys ,a ,gr\p 9 ! ,fir/ ,r5aissance ,gall]y ,! ,second ,r5aissance ,gall]y ,madonna & ,*ild4 ,! ,ma/] ( ! ,san ,m9iato ,alt>-piece ,portrait ( an ,ecclesia/ic4 ,giovanni ,batti/a ,moroni1 ca4 #aebj-aegh4 ,madonna & ,*ild4 ,giampietr9o1 fl4 fir/ half ( ,,xvi ,c5tury ,madonna & ,sa9ts4 ,palma il ,vec*io1 ab\t #adhj-aebh ,/ucco ,relief4 ,work%op ( ,antonio ,rossell9o ,glass4 ,v5etian1 ,,xvi ,c5tury ,*air4 ,flor5t9e1 ,,xvi ,c5tury ,pomona1 ,glaz$ ,t]racotta ,/atuette4 ,giovanni ,delia ,robbia1 #adfi-aebi 787 ,c&le/ick1 ,wood1 ,c>v$ & ,gild$4 ,flor5t9e1 ,,xvi ,c5tury ,virgil ,appe>+ to ,dante1 ,tape/ry4 ,flor5t9e1 ,middle ( ,,xvi ,c5tury ,joseph ,rul] ,ov] ,egypt1 ,tape/ry4 ,brussels1 ,second ,qu>t] ( ,,xvi ,c5tury ,lect]n1 ,walnut4 ,italian1 ,umbrian1 ,,xvi ,c5tury ,cassone1 ) ,gild$ ,decoration4 ,flor5t9e1 ,?ird ,qu>t] ( ,,xv ,c5tury ,cassone1 ,c>v$ ,walnut4 ,si5ese1 #aead ,*air1 ,portuguese4 ,,xvii ,c5tury ,h5ry ,hyde1 ,"l ,cl>5don4 ,sir ,pet] ,lely1 #afah-afhj ,! ,conc]t4 ,mi*iel van ,muss*]1 #afde-agje ,portrait ( a ,lady4 ,mi*iel ,mi]evelt1 #aefg-afda ,tape/ry1 ,hunt+ ,sc5es4 ,flemi%1 ab\t #afjj ,*e/1 ,oak4 ,engli%1 ,,xvii ,c5tury ,head ( an ,old ,man4 ,giovanni ,dom5ico ,tiepolo1 #agbg-ahjd ,portrait ( ,james ,w>d4 ,gilb]t ,/u>t1 #agee-ahbh ,dea? on ! ,pale ,horse4 ,b5jam9 ,we/1 #agch-ahbj ,l>ge ,embroid]$ ,hang+4 ,fr5*1 ,e>ly ,,xviii ,c5tury ,subject1 ,spr+3 f a set repres5t+ ! ,f\r ,seasons1 9 memory ( ,mrs4 ,?omas ,l[ry by ,mrs4 ,gu/av ,s*wyz]1 ,mrs4 ,p]cy ,hag]man & ,horace ,l[ry ,ne$lepo9t1 ,reticello4 ,italian1 ,e>ly ,,xvii ,c5tury ,lace1 ,ne$lepo9t1 ,po9t d',arg5tan1 ,fr5*1 ,,xviii ,c5tury ,lace1 ,ne$lepo9t1 ,po9t d',al5con1 ,fr5*1 ,,xviii ,c5tury ,lace1 ,ne$lepo9t1 ,rosepo9t1 ,v5etian1 ,e>ly ,,xviii ,c5tury ,bobb9 ,lace1 ,po9t d',anglet]re1 ,flemi%1 ,,xviii ,c5tury ,*air1 ,pe>wood ,v5etian4 ,e>ly ,,xviii ,c5tury ,tripod ,table ) ,top ,tilt$ ,back ,tripod ,table1 ,mahogany1 ,engli%1 ab\t #agfj-agfe ,c>d ,table1 ,mahogany ,engli% or ,am]ican1 ab\t #agej-agge ,dress+-table1 ,mahogany4 ,am]ican1 ab\t #agfj-agge ,l>ge ,flip ,glass & ,two ,liquor ,bottles4 ,/iegel ,glass1 ,am]ican1 ,,xviii ,c5tury4 ,le ,beurre1 by ,ovide ,y5esse4 ,m\nt ,:itney4 ,alb]t ,bi]/adt1 #ahcj-aijb ,! ,con* ,div]s4 ,w9sl[ ,hom]1 #ahcf-aiaj ,moonlit ,surf1 ,paul ,d\gh]ty1 #ahgg- ,luxemb\rg ,g>d5s at ,twilight4 ,john ,s4 ,s>g5t1 #ahef- ,! ,:ite ,bridge4 ,john ,h4 ,twa*tman1 #ahec-aijb ,a ,ray ( ,sunlight4 ,john ,w4 ,alex&]1 #aheg-aiae4 ,riv] 9 ,w9t]4 ,g>dn] ,symons1 #ahfa- ,g>d5 9 ,june4 ,fr$]ick ,c4 ,frieseke1 #ahgd- ,! ,op5 ,sea4 ,emil ,c>ls51 #ahec ,! ,yell[ ,fl[]4 ,alb]t ,reid1 #ahfc- ,midsumm]4 ,r4 ,sloan ,br$91 #ahha- ,night's ,ov]ture4 ,ar?ur ,b4 ,davies1 #ahfb- ,l&scape4 ,georges ,mi*el1 #agfc-ahdc ,*ild ) ,*]ries4 ,gillaume ,adolphe ,b\gu]eau1 #ahbe-aije ,! ,ba?4 ,jean ,leon ,g]ome1 #ahbd-aijc ,! ,/orm+ ( ,tel-el-,kebir4 ,alphonse de ,neuville1 #ahcf-ahhc ,napoleon's ,retreat f ,russia4 ,jan ,v4 ,*elm9ski1 #ahea- ,! ,roe ,cov]t4 ,gu/ave ,c\rbet1 #ahai-ahgg ,woodl& ,sc5e4 ,n4 ,v4 ,diaz de la ,p5a1 #ahji-ahgi ,riv] ,sc5e4 ,*>les ,francois ,daubigny1 #ahag-ahgh ,l&scape ) ,cattle4 ,con/ant ,troyon1 #ahaj-ahfe ,=d+ ! ,riv]4 ,con/ant ,troyon1 #ahaj-ahfe ,! ,bea* at ,tr\ville4 ,eug5e ,b\d91 #ahbd-ahih ,g]anium4 ,alb]t ,&re1 #ahfi- ,! ,conv]sion4 ,gabriel ,max1 #ahdj- ,! ,sc\ts4 ,adolph ,s*rey]1 #ahbh-ahii ,m\nta9 ,village4 ,paul ,crodel1 #ahfb- ,cattle 9 ,sun%9e4 ,he9ri* von ,zugel1 #ahej- ,summ] ,ev5+ at ! ,riv]4 ,gu/av ,adolf ,fjae/ad1 #ahgj- ,dalec>lian ,peasant4 ,helm] ,mas-,olle1 #ahhd- ,"m & ,*ildr54 ,josef ,israels1 #ahbd-aiaa ,on ! ,bea*4 ,joaqu9 ,sorolla y ,ba/ida1 #ahfc- ,l&scape4 ,alex&] ,nasmy?1 #ageh-ahdj ,psy*e's ,w$d+4 ,sir ,edw>d ,burne-,jones1 #ahcc-ahih ,silv] & ,gre54 ,hilda ,fe>on1 ,engli%1 8-#aiag ,/udies ( ,drap$ ,figures1 ,p5cil ,draw+4 ,sir ,edw>d ,burne-,jones1 ,engli%1 #ahcc-ahih ,fire 9 ,+ram ,/reet1 ,p5cil ,draw+4 ,muirhead ,bone1 ,scot*1 #ahgf- ,portrait1 ,draw+ 9 ,*alk & ,wa%4 ,william ,/rang1 ,scot*1 #ahei- ,mu*]a* ,ca/le1 ,draw+ 9 ,p5 & ,wa%4 ,david ,"y ,cam]on1 ,scot*1 #ahfe- ,tuscan ,l&scape1 ,draw+ 9 ,p5 & ,wa%4 ,muirhead ,bone1 ,scot*1 #ahgf- ,/udy = an ,illu/ration1 ,draw+ 9 ,li?ographic ,crayon4 ,!ophile ,alex&re ,/e9l51 ,fr5*1 #ahei- ,an ,old ,rabbi1 ,p5cil ,draw+4 ,william ,ro!n/e91 ,engli%1 #ahgb- ,playfulness4 ,paul ,man%ip1 #ahhe- ,plaque1 ,la ,gu]re4 ,hub]t ,ponsc>me1 #ahbg-aijc ,m$al1 ,l',art ,decorative1 by ,ovide ,y5cesse1 #ahfi- ,a ,corn] ( ! ,room ,color ,pr9t4 ,yeizan1 fl\ri%$ #ahjj-ahcj ,c>v$ ,panel4 ,,xviii ,c5tury ,,! ,,m9neapolis ,,society ,,( ,,f9e ,,arts ,,(fic]s ,,& ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,bo>d ,,( ,,tru/ees ,john ,r4 ,van ,d]lip ,presid5t ,eug5e ,j4 ,c>p5t] ,fir/ ,vice ,presid5t ,edw>d ,c4 ,gale ,second ,vice ,presid5t ,russell ,m4 ,b5nett ,?ird ,vice ,presid5t ,h>ry ,w4 ,rub9s ,secret>y ,p]ry ,h>rison ,treasur] ,joseph ,breck ,director ,,tru/ees ,,t]m ,,expires #aiah ,*>les ,c4 ,bovey ,*>les ,l4 ,fre] ,francis ,w4 ,little ,john ,r4 ,van ,d]lip ,william ,c4 ,:itney ,,t]m ,,expires #aiai ,russell ,m4 ,b5nett ,william ,y4 ,*ute ,*>les ,l4 ,hut*9son ,?omas ,b4 ,janney ,horace ,l[ry ,l\is ,w4 ,hill ,,t]m ,,expires #aibj ,william ,h4 ,bovey ,edw>d ,c4 ,gale ,edmund ,j4 ,phelps ,ri*>dson ,phelps ,oliv] ,c4 ,wyman ,,t]m ,,expires #aiba ,eug5e ,j4 ,c>p5t] ,edw9 ,h4 ,hewitt ,h]s*el ,v4 ,jones ,angus ,w4 ,morrison ,f5dall ,g4 ,w9/on ,james ,=d ,bell ,,t]m ,,expires #aibb ,h>+ton ,be>d ,edmund ,d4 ,brooks ,elb]t ,l4 ,c>p5t] ,rob]t ,w4 ,de ,=e/ ,alfr$ ,f4 ,pillsbury ,laurits ,s4 ,sw5son ,,ex-,,(ficio ,,memb]s ,! ,mayor ( ,m9neapolis ,! ,presid5t ( ! ,bo>d ( ,p>k ,commission]s ,! ,presid5t ( ! ,libr>y ,bo>d ,! ,presid5t ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education ,,preface ,:5 ! ,in/itute 0 fir/ op5$1 little m ?an two & "o half ye>s ago1 ! p]man5t collection occupi$ b a small "p ( ! exhibition space4 ,s9ce !n ! collection has increas$ 9 size & importance to an ext5t t w>rants u1 we feel1 9 publi%+ ?is illu/rat$ h&book1 :i*1 al?\gh int5d$ prim>ily = ! use & conv5i5ce ( visitors1 at ! same "t may n be )\t int]e/ z a record ( accompli%m5t )9 s brief a p]iod4 ,?is rapid developm5t ( our collection has be5 made possible1 fir/ ( all1 by ! great lib]ality ( num]\s fri5ds1 b x has be5 facilitat$ by firm adh]5ce to a well def9$ policy 9 respect to acquisitions4 ,?is policy is bas$ on two c>d9al beliefs4 ,! fir/ is t an art museum is ( ! greate/ value to a community :5 its collections embrace bo? ! major & m9or arts ( all c\ntries & all times4 ,! second is t ! /&>d mu/ be high4 ,x w\ld be idle to pret5d t e object 9 our collection is a ma/]piece ( ! highe/ ord]1 b x is bett] to h an ideal1 :i* may n be :olly realiz$1 ?an to h none4 ,?r\gh ! munific5t beque/ ( ,william ,hood ,dunwoody1 ! ,in/itute has _h = its pur*ases ! income ( "o million doll>s4 ,sev]al important pa9t+s h come to ! ,in/itute ?r\gh ! beque/ ( ,mrs4 ,w4 ,h4 ,dunwoody 7,*ild ) ,*]ries1 ,l&scape ) ,cattle1 ,=d+ ! ,riv]74 ,9 memory ( _! "m ! late ,mrs4 ,?omas ,l[ry1 ,mrs4 ,gu/av ,s*wyz]1 ,mrs4 ,p]cy ,hag]man & ,horace ,l[ry h made a welcome gift ( pa9t+s & o!r works ( art 7,tape/ry1 ,hunt+ ,sc5es1 ,l>ge ,embroid]$ ,hang+1 ,! ,conv]sion1 ,! ,sc\ts74 ,among ! num]\s gifts mu/ be in/anc$ ! ,ladd ,collection ( ,pr9ts1 ! gift ( an anonym\s donor 7see ! ,pr9t ,dep>tm5t *apt]72 ! ,*>les ,jairus ,m>t9 ,memorial ,collection ( ,tape/ries1 ! gift ( ,mrs4 ,c4 ,j4 ,m>t9 7,hunt+ ,p>ty ) ,falcons1 ,two ,sc5es f ! ,/ory ( ,e/h]1 ,joseph1 ,rul] ov] ,egypt1 ,virgil ,appe>+ to ,dante72 ! ,m>t9 ,b4 ,koon ,memorial ,collection ( ,contempor>y ,am]ican ,pa9t+s1 ! gift ( ,mrs4 ,c4 ,c4 ,bovey & ,mrs4 ,c4 ,d4 ,velie 7,luxemb\rg ,g>d5s at ,twilight1 ,! ,:ite ,bridge1 ,riv] 9 ,w9t]1 ,g>d5 9 ,june1 ,! ,op5 ,sea1 ,! ,yell[ ,fl[]1 ,night's ,ov]ture72 ! ,brad/reet ,memorial ,collection ( ,japanese ,art1 ! gift ( ,mrs4 ,elizabe? ,b4 ,c>leton & ,mrs4 ,m>g>et ,kimball 7,! ,brad/reet ,room1 ,color ,pr9t by ,yeizan1 ,c>v$ ,panel72 & ! ,ca/ ,collection1 ! gift ( ,russell ,m4 ,b5nett 7see ! ,ca/ ,collection *apt]74 ,! ,ori5tal collection has be5 enri*$ by a gift ( ,*9ese porcela9 f ,mrs4 ,e4 ,c4 ,gale 7,*9ese ,porcela971 & by a collection ( ,japanese pa9t+s & o!r mat]ial f ,*>les ,l4 ,fre] 7,tig]74 ,valuable pa9t+s & o!r works ( art h be5 giv5 by ,james ,j4 ,hill 7,l&scape1 ,! ,/orm+ ( ,tel ,el ,kebir1 ,napoleon's ,retreat f ,russia1 ,! ,roe ,cov]t71 ,mrs4 ,fr$]ick ,b4 ,wells 7,! ,ba?1 ,woodl& ,sc5e1 ,riv] ,sc5e1 ,"m & ,*ildr571 ,james ,=d ,bell 7,madonna ) ,sa9ts71 ,t4 ,b4 ,walk]1 & o!rs to ^: g5]osity ! ,society ( ,f9e ,arts is greatly indebt$4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( ?is h&book1 ,i h be5 aid$ by ,mr4 ,h>ry ,b4 ,wehle1 ,assi/ant to ! ,in/itute ,/aff1 :o is responsible = ! notes on ,,xix ,c5tury & mod]n art4 ,my "p ( ! "w1 except = g5]al sup]vision1 has be5 conf9$ to ! e>li] p]iods4 ,septemb] #ab1 #aiag4 ,,joseph ,,breck1 ,director ,,! ,,m9neapolis ,,in/itute ,,( ,,arts ,! ,in/itute is ma9ta9$ by ! ,m9neapolis ,society ( ,f9e ,arts1 incorporat$ 9 #ahhc = ! purpose ( promot+ a k & love ( art 9 ! community4 ,! purpose ( ! ,society f\nd its fir/ expression 9 a s*ool ( art1 e/abli%$ 9 #ahhf & = _m ye>s c>ri$ on 9 rooms 9 ! build+ ( ! ,public ,libr>y4 ,s9ce ,novemb]1 #aiaf1 ! ,s*ool has occupi$ its own build+1 ! ,julia ,morrison ,memorial ,build+1 situat$ 9 ! same ,p>k z ! ,in/itute4 ,f its inception1 h[ev]1 ! memb]s ( ! ,society ( ,f9e ,arts _h purpos$ e/abli%+1 9 addition to ! art s*ool1 a museum ( art4 ,9 #aiaa ?is hope sudd5ly began to take ! %ape ( reality4 ,9 ,janu>y ( t ye>1 ,cl9ton ,morrison (f]$ z a gift to ! ,society ! t5 acre tract ( l& at ,tw5ty-f\r? ,/reet betwe5 ,/ev5s & ,?ird ,av5ues1 valu$ at #bej1jjj1 z a site = museum & s*ool build+s1 provid$ #ejj1jjj %\ld be secur$ = ! erection ( ! museum4 ,imm$iately ^u ! ann\ncem5t ( ,mr4 ,morrison's g5]\s (f]1 ,william ,hood ,dunwoody1 !n ,presid5t ( ! ,society1 promis$ #ajj1jjj = ! build+ fund4 ,at a d9n] held on ,janu>y #aj1 #aiaa1 approximately #bej1jjj additional 0 pl$g$ by o!r public-spirit$ citiz5s1 & by ! end ( ! mon? ! entire sum = build+ _h be5 obta9$4 ,plans = a build+ :i* c\ld be con/ruct$ 9 successive units1 to occupy ev5tually ! entire tract1 7 prep>$ by ,mc,kim1 ,mead ,:ite ( ,new ,york4 ,9 ,augu/1 #aiab1 ! con/ruction "w 0 begun on ! ma9 unit1 & late 9 #aiad ! build+ 0 complet$4 ,! ,in/itute 0 op5$ to ! public on ,janu>y #g1 #aiae4 ,! pres5t museum is ab\t #cbe feet long & #ajj feet deep1 & comprises approximately "o-sev5? ( ! entire plan4 ,! total co/ 0 #ecg1jjj4 ,! con/ruction is ( brick1 concrete1 & /eel1 ) a facade ( :ite granite4 ,! classical design ( ! build+ is consid]$ exceptionally beautiful 9 its proportions & 9 ! ref9em5t ( its details4 ,!re are two ma9 exhibition floors4 ,! ,fir/ ,floor conta9s sixte5 exhibition halls & gall]ies1 z well z ! entrance hall1 in=mation (fice1 *eck room1 libr>y & pr9t-/udy4 ,! ,second ,floor comprises ?irte5 gall]ies1 t5 ( :i* are devot$ to p]man5t exhibitions1 "o to exhibitions ( pr9ts1 & two to transi5t exhibitions4 ,on ! ,gr\nd ,floor are locat$ ! adm9i/ration (fices1 ! ,tru/ees' room1 toilets1 wom5's re/ room1 lun* room1 class room1 %ipp+ room & /ore rooms4 ,= ! pur*ase ( works ( art1 ! ,society has ! income f #a1jjj1jjj1 ! munific5t beque/ ( ,william ,hood ,dunwoody1 :o di$ ,febru>y #h1 #aiad4 ,?is fund c be us$ only = ! pur*ase ( works ( art4 ,= ! ma9t5ance ( ! ,in/itute1 ! ,society is dep5d5t ^u memb]%ip dues & ^u a city tax levy ( "o-eigh? ( a mill4 ,,g5]al ,,in=mation ,,location4 ,! ,in/itute is locat$ on ,ea/ #bd? ,/reet betwe5 ,/ev5s & ,?ird ,av5ues4 ,x c be rea*$ easily f ei!r ! ,nicollet ,av5ue or ! ,f\r? ,av5ue c> l9e4 ,,h\rs ,,( ,,op5+4 ,! ,in/itute is op5 to ! public daily f #aj3jj ,a4,m4 to #e3jj ,p4,m4 except on ,sunday & ,monday1 :5 ! h\rs are #a3jj ,p4,m4 to #e3jj ,p4,m4 ,,admission4 ,admission is free on ,w$nesday1 ,saturday & ,sunday2 o!r days1 a *>ge ( tw5ty-five c5ts is made1 except to memb]s ( ! ,m9neapolis ,society ( ,f9e ,arts1 to s*ool *ildr5 accompani$ by tea*]s1 & to art /ud5ts1 tea*]s 9 ! public s*ools1 & special /ud5ts hold+ annual admission c>ds1 :i* w be issu$ ^u application4 ,,in=mation ,,desk4 ,admission tickets1 a public telephone1 po/ c>ds & publications ( ! ,in/itute may be f\nd at ! ,in=mation ,desk 7at ! left on ent]+ ! build+74 ,application %\ld be made "h to see any (fic] ( ! ,in/itute4 ,! use ( a :eel-*air 9 ! gall]ies may be obta9$ "h )\t *>ge2 :5 an att5dant is provid$1 ! *>ge is #a4jj p] h\r4 ,,exp]t ,,guidance4 ,visitors wi%+ doc5t s]vice1 or guidance ?r\gh ! gall]ies1 %\ld make application at ! ,in=mation ,desk4 ,,copy+ ,,& ,,photograph+4 ,application = p]mission to copy or photograph mu/ be made to ! ,director4 ,,lun* ,,room4 ,! lun* room is locat$ on ! ,gr\nd ,floor at ! we/ end ( ! corridor4 ,lun*eon is s]v$ f #ab3cj to #b3jj2 tea f #c3cj to #d3de4 ,clos$ dur+ ! summ]4 ,,re/ ,,room4 ,! re/ room = wom5 is locat$ ne> ! lun* room4 ,,bullet94 ,! ,in/itute publi%es an illu/rat$ bullet9 mon?ly1 ,octob] to ,june4 ,x is free to memb]s2 subscription rate to non-memb]s1 4#ge2 s+le copies1 4#aj4 ,,art ,,s*ool4 ,= in=mation conc]n+ ! ,art ,s*ool apply to ! ,director1 ,m9neapolis ,s*ool ( ,art1 #bjj ,ea/ #be? ,/reet4 ,,memb]%ip4 ,! ,m9neapolis ,society ( ,f9e ,arts (f]s1 ?r\gh its v>i\s classes ( memb]%ip1 ! opportunity ( %>+ 9 ! support ( ! ,in/itute & ,s*ool ( ,art & ( enjoy+ ! privileges af=d$ by ! ,society4 ,memb]%ip tickets are issu$ ^u application to ! ,secret>y at ! ,in/itute accompani$ by memb]%ip fee4 ,all classes ( memb]%ip1 except associate & club memb]%ip1 entitle memb]s to3 7#a7 free admission1 at all times :5 ! ,in/itute is op5 to ! public1 = !mselves & memb]s ( _! families & out-(-t[n gue/s2 7#b7 invitations to all receptions giv5 at ! ,in/itute by ! ,tru/ees2 7#c7 free admission to all lectures & ent]ta9m5ts giv5 "u ! auspices ( ! ,society2 7#d7 free guide s]vice2 7#e7 a subscription to ! mon?ly ,bullet9 publi%$ by ! ,society4 ,,classes ,,( ,,memb]%ip ,,b5efactor4 ,any p]son contribut+ money or prop]ty to ! value ( #be1jjj4 ,,patron4 ,any p]son contribut+ money or prop]ty to ! value ( #aj1jjj4 ,,fell[ ,,9 ,,p]petuity4 ,any p]son contribut+ money or prop]ty to ! value ( #e1jjj4 ,,fell[ ,,= ,,life4 ,any p]son contribut+ money or prop]ty to ! value ( #a1jjj ,! above con/itute ! ,gov]n+ ,memb]s ( ! ,society4 ,,life ,,memb]s4 ,any p]son pay+ ! life memb]%ip fee ( #ajj4jj4 ,,annual ,,memb]s4 ,any p]son pay+ ! annual memb]%ip fee ( #aj4jj4 ,,associate ,,memb]s4 ,privileges re/rict$ to p]son pay+ an annual memb]%ip fee ( #b4jj4 ,limit$ to tea*]s & /ud5ts4 ,,club ,,memb]%ip4 ,clubs may become memb]s ( ! ,society ( ,f9e ,arts by special arrangem5ts1 :i* entitle su* gr\ps to meet 9 ! gall]ies or to use ! lecture room & /]eopticon4 ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,floor ,fir/ ,floor ,plan ,,fir/ ,,floor ,,plan4 ,works ( art e>li] ?an ! ,,xix c5tury1 ! ca/ collection1 & ! ,pr9t ,dep>tm5t are locat$ on ! ,fir/ ,floor4 ,! visitor :o wi%es to make a g5]al t\r ( ! collections is advis$ to proce$ f ! entrance ?r\gh ! octagonal hall to ! corridor at ! left4 ,at ! end ( ?is corridor is ! entrance to ! ,ori5tal collections4 ,! ,egyptian collection 9 ! adjac5t gall]y may !n be visit$4 ,return+ to ! corridor1 ! visitor w come to ! ,libr>y & ,pr9t ,/udy ,room4 7,! ,pr9t ,dep>tm5t w ev5tually be giv5 space on ! ,gr\nd ,floor1 & ! gall]ies n[ occupi$ devot$ to ,greek & ,roman art47 ,ca/s ( classical sculpture are exhibit$ 9 ! corridor4 ,! ca/ collection is cont9u$ 9 ,gall]y ,b-#aj 7,go?ic art7 & 9 ,gall]ies ,b-#aa1 #ab1 & ! we/ corridor 7,r5aissance & lat] p]iods74 ,opposite ! /airs to ! ,second ,floor is ! entrance to a s]ies ( rooms 9 :i* orig9al examples ( ,european art are exhibit$ accord+ to p]iod4 ,! fir/ gall]y is devot$ to ,go?ic art2 ! next two to ,r5aissance art2 ^! are foll[$ by ! gall]y ( ,,xvii & ! two gall]ies ( ,,xviii c5tury art4 ,! /airs opposite ,gall]y ,b-#ae lead to ! ,gr\nd ,floor1 :]e are ! lun* room1 wom5's re/ room1 toilets1 class room1 adm9i/ration (fices1 & "w rooms4 ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,second ,,floor ,second ,floor ,plan ,,second ,,floor ,,plan4 ,n9ete5? c5tury & mod]n works ( art are exhibit$ on ! ,second ,floor4 ,on ?is floor are also ! ,pr9t ,exhibition ,gall]y & ! ,brad/reet ,collection4 ,! visitor is advis$ to ent] ! s]ies ( gall]ies ?r\gh ! ,pr9t ,exhibition ,gall]y1 ,c-#a4 ,f ?is room ! visitor may proce$ to ! gall]ies 9 :i* pa9t+s ( ! ,am]ican & ,european s*ools are exhibit$4 ,hav+ complet$ ! circuit along ! nor? front ( ! build+1 ! visitor may return by way ( ! corridors & gall]ies to ! s\? 7mod]n draw+s & sculpture1 ! ,brad/reet ,room74 ,gall]ies ,c-#h & #i are us$ = transi5t exhibitions1 g5]ally *ang$ ea* mon?4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,floor ,view ( ! ,s\? ,hall4 ,r5aissance ,ca/s4 ,view ( ! ,s\? ,hall4 ,r5aissance ,ca/s4 ,,! ,,ca/ ,,collection ,! ,ea/ ,corridor3 ,greek & ,roman ,ca/s ,! ,ea/ ,corridor3 ,greek & ,roman ,ca/s ,! ca/ collection is in/all$ 9 ,gall]ies ,b-#b1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab & ! ,j corridors on ! ,fir/ ,floor4 ,to view ! collection 9 *ronological sequ5ce1 ! visitor %\ld proce$ f ! octagonal ,gall]y ,b-#b 7,v c5tury ,greek sculpture7 d[n ! nor? side ( corridor ,b-#c 7,v c5tury ,greek sculpture74 ,return+1 ! visitor w f9d 9 ! alcoves on ! s\? side ( ! corridor ca/s ( ,greek sculpture ( ! ,,iv c5tury & ,hell5i/ic p]iods1 & ca/s ( ,roman sculpture4 ,! collection is cont9u$ 9 ,gall]y ,b-#aj 7,go?ic sculpture71 :i* %\ld be ent]$ f ! corridor4 ,ca/s ( ,r5aissance sculpture are exhibit$ 9 ,gall]y ,b-#a 7,e>ly ,r5aissance1 ,,xv c5tury7 & ,gall]y ,b-#ab 7,late ,r5aissance1 ,,xvi c5tury74 ,o!r ca/s ( sculptures ( ! ,r5aissance & lat] p]iods are exhibit$ 9 ! we/ corridor4 ,! educational value ( a ca/ collection is beyond "q4 ,?r\gh ^! me*anical reproductions1 x is possible to obta9 a fairly adequate idea ( ! great ma/]pieces ( sculpture1 t are inaccessible to _m1 except 9 ?is =m4 ,9 ! pla/] ca/ "o may /udy proportions1 composition1 /yle & ev5 te*nical proc$ure2 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! qualities ( color & texture1 :i* contribute s mu* to ! effect ( ! orig9al1 are almo/1 if n entirely1 lo/ 9 ! pla/] ca/4 ,?is defect may be ov]come 9 "p by treat+ ! pla/] 9 v>i\s ways s t x conveys "s sugge/ion ( ! orig9al mat]ial4 ,?is has be5 done ) our ca/s1 add+ mat]ially to ! attractiv5ess ( ! collection4 ,9 connection ) ! ca/s ( ,greek & ,roman sculpture 9 our collection1 ! foll[+ notes on classical art may be ( int]e/4 ,z to ! *>act]i/ics ( ,go?ic & ,r5aissance art1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ! notes on pages #ca-cb & #dg-dh4 ,a rem>kable civilization 7,m9oan1 ,cretan1 ,aegean1 or ,prehell5ic1 z x is v>i\sly call$71 ext5d+ ov] a ?\s& ye>s1 prec$$ ! classical p]iod ( ,greek art4 ,?is e>li] civilization 0 br\ght to an end by ! s-call$ ,dorian invasion at ! close ( ! second mill5nium1 & sev]al hundr$ ye>s _h to elapse be=e conditions once aga9 7 "r = ! fl\ri%+ ( art4 ,greece ( ! classical p]iod beg9s to em]ge t[>ds ! end ( ! ,,vii c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,! ,ar*aic ,p]iod 7ab\t #fbe-dhj ,b4 ,c47 0 "o ( exp]im5tation1 prep>atory to ! age ( p]fection1 :51 te*nical difficulties hav+ be5 ov]come & ae/hetic aims def9$1 ,greek art atta9$ an em95ce nev] surpass$4 ,victori\s at ,salamis & ,plataea1 ! ,greek _w arose triumphant f its /ruggles ) ,asia4 ,! bir? ( national consci\sness u%]$ 9 a new p]iod ( art1 ! ,gold5 ,age ( ,greece 7#dhj-djj ,b4 ,c474 ,! conv5tions ( ! ar*aic /yle gave place to a free /yle1 adequate to ! sculptor's e ne$4 ,grace1 simplicity1 & tru? 9 ! repres5tation ( ! liv+ =m *>act]ize ! sculpture ( ?is p]iod2 drap]ies are r5d]$ ) m>vel\s skill4 ,lib]al patronage 0 ext5d$ to ! arts1 p>ticul>ly by ! /ate4 ,"u ^! favorable conditions1 :i* rea*$ _! climax 9 ! ,age ( ,p]icles 7#dfa-dca ,b4 ,c471 ,hell5ic ideals ( proportion1 sanity & self-comm& f\nd p]fect embodim5t 9 sculpture4 ,f ab\t ! middle ( ! ,v c5tury1 ,a!ns 0 ! unque/ion$ lead] 9 ! field ( art1 h] ne>e/ rival1 ! anci5t s*ool ( ,argos4 ,among ! great sculptors ( ! ,v c5tury1 ?ree /& out 9 p>ticul> prom95ce3 ,myron1 :o excell$ 9 ! repres5tation ( bodily =ms & action2 ,polyclitus1 ! sculptor ( a?letes & ! expon5t ( academic p]fection2 & above all ,phidias1 ! great g5ius ( ! age1 :o comb9$ te*nical skill ) ! expression ( l(ty1 spiritual ideals4 ,9 ! next p]iod1 t ( ! ,,iv c5tury 7#djj-cbc ,b4 ,c47 individualism began to dom9ate ,greek ?\ght & action1 replac+ ! e>li] civic & religi\s influ5ces4 ,art became m individual & m emotional4 ,portraiture grew 9 favor4 ,! au/]e /yle ( ,phidias gave place to ! dreamy s5tim5t ( ,praxiteles1 to ! fi]y passion ( ,scopas4 ,! gods desc5d$ f high ,olympus & walk$ ! e>? 9 human guise4 ,! ?ree great sculptors ( ?is age 7 ,praxiteles1 ,scopas & ,lysippus4 ,gall]y ,b-#aj3 ,go?ic ,ca/s ,gall]y ,b-#aj3 ,go?ic ,ca/s ,sculpture ( ! ,hell5i/ic ,p]iod 7#cbc-adf ,b4 ,c47 %[s a fur!r developm5t ( t5d5cies already manife/$ 9 ! prec$+ c5tury4 ,individualism l$ to a vigor\s developm5t ( portraiture & g5re sculpture4 ,art ran ! :ole gamut ( passion1 f ! be/ial to ! ideal1 & ?is amplification ( ! emotional !me 0 accompani$ by a wid] range ( subject mat]ial ?an _h yet occurr$4 ,) ^! *anges came a l[]+ ( ideals4 ,spiritual empt9ess1 s5sationalism1 & lack ( self-re/ra9t are only too (t5 *>act]i/ic ( ,hell5i/ic art4 ,! *ief c5tres ( art 9 ?is p]iod 7 n 9 ,greece1 b at ,p]gamon1 ,rhodes & ,alex&ria4 ,! developm5t ( ,roman sculpture 0 influ5c$1 on ! "o h&1 by native ,italian reali/ic t5d5cies1 & on ! o!r1 by ! example ( ,greek sculpture4 ,n only 7 !re 9 ,rome num]\s ,greek sculptures to s]ve z models1 b also _m transplant$ ,greek arti/s1 :o _h left _! native l& to seek employm5t 9 ,italy4 ,to ! copies ( fam\s ma/]pieces execut$ by ^! eclectic arti/s1 x may be rem>k$1 we owe our k ( _m celebrat$ works ( ,greek sculpture1 :i* o!rwise w\ld h be5 lo/ to u4 ,9 /udy+ ,roman art we note fir/ "o t5d5cy1 !n ! o!r1 pr$om9at+1 b nei!r is ev] lo/ to sight4 ,x is ?is dualism t gives to ,roman art its di/9ctive "*4 ,,! ,,pr9t ,,dep>tm5t ,! ,pr9t ,/udy ,room ,! ,pr9t ,/udy ,room ,! ,pr9t ,dep>tm5t occupies two rooms on ! ,ma9 ,floor 7,pr9t ,/udy ,room & ,libr>y7 & a l>ge exhibition gall]y on ! ,second ,floor4 ,! collection1 compris+ ov] #e1jjj pr9ts1 0 ! munific5t gift to ! ,society 9 #aiaf ( an anonym\s donor4 ,! collection1 =m]ly own$ by ,william ,m4 ,ladd ( ,portl&1 ,oregon1 repres5ts ! "w ( ye>s 9 collect+1 & illu/rates 9 a compreh5sive way ! hi/ory ( ! graphic arts4 ,! /r5g? ( ! collection lies 9 its spl5did repres5tation ( ! "w ( ,,xix c5tury & mod]n et*]s4 ,9 ?is respect x may be said to be second only to ! fam\s ,av]y ,collection 9 ,new ,york4 ,! collection (f]s an exceptional opportunity = ! /udy & enjoym5t ( a bran* ( art t is intimately relat$ to draw+ & pa9t+ & yet has di/9ctive qualities ( its own4 ,selections ( pr9ts1 frequ5tly *ang$1 are exhibit$ 9 ! l>ge gall]y devot$ to ?is purpose on ! ,second ,floor4 ,pr9ts n on exhibition are kept 9 ! ,pr9t ,/udy ,room on ! ,fir/ ,floor1 to ! left ( ! entrance4 ,visitors are welcome4 ,! curator is glad to %[ any pr9ts n on exhibition & to assi/ ! /ud5t 9 e way possible4 ,adjo9+ ! ,/udy ,room is ! ,libr>y1 :]e 9 addition to g5]al ref]5ce books deposit$ by ! ,m9neapolis ,a!naeum1 !re is a valuable ref]5ce libr>y on ! subject ( pr9ts1 :i* =m$ "p ( ! =m] ,ladd ,collection4 ,/ud5ts w also f9d useful a collection :i* is n[ be+ made ( photographs & o!r reproductions ( works ( art4 ,x is difficult1 ( c\rse1 to give any adequate idea 9 s brief a space ( ! scope ( ! collection1 b ! foll[+ comm5ts may be ( int]e/4 ,among ! pr9ts by ! e>ly ma/]s1 ( ! ,,xv & ,,xvi c5turies1 !re are examples ( ! "w ( ,m>t9 ,s*ongau]2 a l>ge gr\p ( #ajf engrav+s & wood-cuts by ! great ,g]man ma/]1 ,albre*t ,dur]2 "s *>act]i/ic pr9ts by ! s-call$ 8,little ,ma/]s10 ,beham1 ,p5cz1 & ,aldegrev]2 & a small gr\p ( engrav+s by ! ,,xv c5tury ,italian ma/]1 ,&rea ,mantegna4 ,by ,rembr&t1 ! out/&+ figure 9 ! graphic arts ( ! ,,xvii c5tury1 we are =tunate 9 possess+ #abg et*+s1 all ( !m good & _m 9 brilliant impressions4 ,o!r engrav]s & et*]s ( ! ,,xvii c5tury are well repres5t$4 ,among ! ,dut* ma/]s may be in/anc$ ,paul ,pott]1 ,ruysdael1 ,a4 van de ,velde2 among ! ,fr5*1 ,callot1 ,claude ,lorra91 & ! portrait engrav]s1 ,nanteuil1 ,mor9 & ,masson4 ,! ,,xvii c5tury gr\p is an int]e/+ "o4 ,we may note #cd et*+s by ,piranesi & an important collection ( ,engli% mezzot9ts by ,mc,ardell1 ,s4 ,d4 ,reynolds1 ,e>lom1 ,val5t9e ,gre51 & o!rs4 ,z to mod]n et*]s & engrav]s1 ! collection pres5ts an emb>rassm5t ( ri*es4 ,! ma/]s ( ?is p]iod are f9ely repres5t$4 ,!re are #cd et*+s by ,m]yon2 #ajc et*+s & li?ographs by ,:i/l]1 includ+ beautiful impressions ( ! ,v5etian & ,am/]dam sets2 #bdb pr9ts by ,sir ,francis ,seym\r ,had51 a collection p>ticul>ly int]e/+ = ! numb] ( trial pro(s & diff]5t /ates :i* x includes4 ,!re is a notable gr\p ( #bdb et*+s by ,jacque1 includ+ a l>ge numb] ( r>e e>ly dry-po9ts2 an important collection ( ,millet's et*+s & woodcuts2 #abd pr9ts by ,buhot2 #aai pr9ts by ,legros2 #ec pr9ts by ,lep]e2 #aef pr9ts by van ,muyd52 a *>act]i/ic gr\p ( li?ographs by ,fant9 ,lat\r2 #ij pr9ts by ,/orm van's ,graves&e1 includ+ all 8 important plates2 #cb examples ( ! "w ( ,m4 ,a4 ,j4 ,bau]4 ,turn]'s fam\s ,lib] ,/udiorum is repres5t$ by a ne>ly complete set1 includ+ #bd fir/ /ates4 ,! collection is ri* 9 ! "w ( contempor>y ,briti% arti/s4 ,!re are1 9 addition to ! l>ge gr\p ( ,had5s1 #ach pr9ts by ,sir ,frank ,%ort2 #gb pr9ts by ! ,scot* et*]1 ,d4 ,y4 ,cam]on2 & f9e examples ( ! "w ( ,muirhead ,bone1 ,brangwyn1 ,/rang1 & o!r contempor>y arti/s4 ,mod]n ,g]man "w is repres5t$ by an int]e/+ collection ( et*+s1 woodcuts1 li?ography & color-pr9t+4 ,to conclude ?is brief summ>y ( ! ,european arti/s repres5t$ 9 ! collection1 we may m5tion ! gr\p ( #bj et*+s by ! ,sw$i% pa9t] & et*]1 ,&]s ,zorn4 ,com+ to ! "w ( ,am]ican et*]s1 we f9d a l>ge gr\p ( pr9ts by ,joseph ,p5nell1 includ+ 8 ,panama ,canal li?ographs2 ! complete "w ( ,d4 ,%aw ,mac,laughlan1 d[n to ab\t #aiab2 ! almo/ complete "w ( ,*>les ,platt2 #ee pr9ts by ,/eph5 ,p>ri%2 & a repres5tative gr\p ( dry-po9ts by ,m>y ,cassatt4 ,*ri/ ,heal+ ! ,sick1 ,et*+1 ,rembr&t1 #afjg-affi ,*ri/ ,heal+ ! ,sick1 ,et*+1 ,rembr&t1 #afjg-affi ,?is is a f9e impression ( ! second /ate ( ,rembr&t's ma/]piece kn[n z ,! ,hundr$ ,guild] ,pr9t1 s-call$ because x is suppos$ to h br\ght t price--a high "o = ! p]iod--9 ,rembr&t's own "t4 ,rembr&t is n only ! greate/ arti/ ( ! ,dut* s*ool1 b also ! greate/ ma/] ( et*+ ! _w has ev] kn[n4 ,! art ( mezzot9t engrav+ atta9$ its highe/ developm5t 9 ,engl& dur+ ! ,,xviii c5tury4 ,! ,engli% portrait pa9t]s 7 quick to recognize t ! mezzot9t process ) its delicacy ( tone & beautiful1 velvety quality 0 admirably suit$ to ! reproduction ( _! works4 ,reynolds is said to h employ$1 "u 8 sup]vision1 "o hundr$ mezzot9t engrav]s 9 ! reproduction ( 8 portraits4 ,engli% mezzot9ts are well repres5t$ 9 our collection4 ,portrait ( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds by ,himself ,mezzot9t by ,val5t9e ,gre51 #agci-ahac ,portrait ( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds by ,himself ,mezzot9t by ,val5t9e ,gre51 #agci-ahac ,! ,break+ up ( ! ,agamemnon4 ,sir ,francis ,seym\r ,had51 #ahah-aiaj ,! ,break+ up ( ! ,agamemnon4 ,sir ,francis ,seym\r ,had51 #ahah-aiaj ,! subject ( ?is l>ge et*+ is ! break+ up ( "o ( ,engl&'s fam\s old %ips ( w>1 call$ ! ,agamemnon4 ,had5 0 n only a surgeon em95t 9 8 pr(ession1 b also "o ( ! greate/ ( ,engli% et*]s4 ,! revival ( int]e/ 9 et*+ dur+ ! ,,xix c5tury 9 ,engl& 0 l>gely due to 8 ef=ts4 ,*>act]i/ic works ( ,:i/l] & ,m]yon are illu/rat$ bel[4 ,we>y1 ,dry-po9t1 by ,james ,mc,neil ,:i/l]1 #ahcd-aijc ,we>y1 ,dry-po9t1 by ,james ,mc,neil ,:i/l]1 #ahcd-aijc ,la ,gall]ie ,notre-,dame1 ,et*+ by ,m]yon1 #ahba-ahfh ,la ,gall]ie ,notre-,dame1 ,et*+ by ,m]yon1 #ahba-ahfh ,! ,digg]s1 ,et*+ 7,?ird ,/ate71 by ,f4 ,millet1 #ahad-ahge ,! ,digg]s1 ,et*+ 7,?ird ,/ate71 by ,f4 ,millet1 #ahad-ahge ,our pr9t collection is notably ri* 9 ! "w ( ,millet4 ,! et*+s are all f9e impressions1 9 "s cases exceptional 9 quality4 ,! collection also includes ,millet's li?ograph1 ,! ,s[]1 & 8 r>e heliogravure1 ,mat]nal ,precaution4 ,( ! six wood-engrav+s drawn by ,millet & cut by 8 bro!rs1 ?ree are repres5t$ 9 ! collection4 ,millet 0 a ?\ghtful arti/1 to :om ! _s ( ?+s 0 at lea/ z important z _! visual aspect4 ,8 deep & s9c]e sympa?y ) ! life ( ! peasant1 to ^: class he himself belong$1 det]m9$ to a l>ge ext5t 8 *oice ( subject4 ,b ,millet nev] desc5d$ to anecdotal trivialities2 he avoid$ ! pale s5tim5tality ( su* a pa9t] z ,jules ,breton4 ,8 ?\ght1 l 8 te*nique1 0 virile1 positive1 hone/4 ,millet 0 f> above any trick]y1 ei!r ( ?\ght or ( execution4 ,! v int5sity ( 8 intellectual int]e/s l$ ,millet to evolve a p]sonal /yle t is di/+ui%$ by its simplicity & directness4 ,z an arti/1 ,millet is m alli$ to ,dur] ?an to ,rub5s4 ,color plays b a small "p 9 8 pictures4 ,significant1 expressive l9e is ! fir/ ess5tial ( 8 art1 & ) ?is simple means he secures a surpris+ effect ( pla/ic =m4 ,:5 color is add$ to outl9e1 he is prim>ily int]e/$ 9 e/abli%+ accurately ! values ( ! diff]5t planes4 ,bo? 9 8 use ( l9e & ( mass1 x is ,millet's inv>iable practice to simplify1 omitt+ ev]y?+ t is n ess5tial to 8 purpose4 ,,ne> ,,ea/]n ,,art ,plate1 ) ,floral ,design ,asia ,m9or1 ,,xvi ,c5tury ,plate1 ) ,floral ,design ,asia ,m9or1 ,,xvi ,c5tury ,! art ( ! ,ne>] ,ori5t is ! product ( _m races4 ,! phrase cov]s 9 g5]al ! art ( ,india1 ,p]sia1 ,syria1 ,mohamm$an ,egypt1 ,turkey1 & ev51 9 c]ta9 aspects1 ! art ( ,spa91 ,portugal & s\!rn ,italy4 ,al?\gh ! developm5t ( ?is art 0 by no means uni=m or along ! same l9es1 ! products are all relat$ 9 /yle1 :i* is unmi/akable & di/9ct f o!r types ( design4 ,! mo/ typical manife/ation ( ?is /yle w\ld appe> to h orig9at$ 9 ,egypt ab\t ! "t ( ! ,mohamm$an conque/ 9 #fch ,a4 ,d41 & almo/ simultane\sly 9 ,syria & nor!rn ,p]sia4 ,s9ce ! ,koran =bade ! repres5tation ( any liv+ creature1 ,mohamm$an arti/s develop$ ! s-call$ arabesque /yle1 bas$ on geometric & floral motives4 ,?is limitation1 h[ev]1 0 n obs]v$ by ! ,p]sians1 :o introduc$ human & animal life into _! designs ) beautiful results4 ,two ,fragm5ts ( ,b[ls1 ,p]sian1 ,rhages1 ,,xiii ,c5tury4 ,left3 ,poly*rome ,decoration4 ,"r3 ,lu/r$ ,decoration ,two ,fragm5ts ( ,b[ls1 ,p]sian1 ,rhages1 ,,xiii ,c5tury4 ,left3 ,poly*rome ,decoration1 ,"r3 ,lu/r$ ,decoration ,! e>lie/ lu/r$ w>e ( ,p]sia is t f\nd 9 ! ru9s ( ! anci5t city ( ,rhages4 ,?is prosp]\s city 0 de/roy$ 9 #abba dur+ ! ,mongol invasion4 ,x may be assum$ t mo/ ( ! fragm5ts f\nd 9 ! tumuli at ,rhages date f ! e>ly ye>s ( ! ,,xiii c5tury4 ,non-lu/r$ pott]y ) poly*rome decoration 0 also produc$ at ,rhages dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,! mosque doors1 f ,ispahan1 illu/rat$ on ! opposite page1 are p>ticul>ly f9e examples ( ,p]sian wood c>v+4 ,! arabesque designs are especially beautiful4 ,! inscriptions 9 ! upp] & l[] small panels h be5 translat$ z foll[s3 ,panel1 ,upp] ,"r3 ,oh ,god1 d n indiff]5tly drive me f y\r door4 ,panel1 ,upp] ,left3 ,= if y d1 !re w be no o!r door op5 to me4 ,panel1 ,l[] ,"r3 ,oh1 my he>t1 d n be f> (f f ! door ( ^? :o are s9c]e & fai?ful4 ,panel1 ,l[] ,left3 ,anyone :o is f> f ! door is ne> to ,god4 ,velvet ,brocade ,turki%1 ,,xvi ,c5tury ,velvet ,brocade ,turki%1 ,,xvi ,c5tury ,mosque ,doors1 ,c>v$ ,wood1 ,p]sian1 ab\t #aejj ,mosque ,doors1 ,c>v$ ,wood1 ,p]sian1 ab\t #aejj ,,japanese ,,art ,autumn1 ,six-fold ,scre51 by ,yeitoku1 #aedc-aeij ,autumn1 ,six-fold ,scre51 by ,yeitoku1 #aedc-aeij ,9 ! middle ( ! ,,vi c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 ,buddhism 0 introduc$ into ,japan by way ( ,korea4 ,?r\gh ! vehicle ( ?is new religion1 ,*9ese art began to ex]t a fructify+ influ5ce ^u ! native art ( ,japan1 :i* up to ?is "t _h a*iev$ no?+ wor?y ( m5tion4 ,*9ese influ5ce cont9u$ 9 succe$+ ages a pot5t factor 9 ! developm5t ( ,japanese art4 ,9 ! art ( ! ,suiko 7#eeb-fdd71 ,hakuho 7#fde-gji71 ,tempyo 7#gaj-gic71 ,jogan 7#gid-hii71 & ,fujiw>a 7#ijj-aaij7 p]iods1 ! inspiration 0 l>gely ,*9ese1 b m & m ! native g5ius manife/$ itself 9 modifications ( ! _s & te*nique4 ,?is evolution t[>d a di/9ctive national art & culture made consid]able advances 9 ! ,fujiw>a p]iod1 :i* end$ 9 social revolution & ! e/abli%m5t ( a milit>y vice-royalty at ,kamakura4 ,! ,kamakura p]iod 7#aaij-accg7 is ! feudal era ( ,japan4 ,! _s ( individualism & h]o-wor%ip :i* di/+ui%es ?is age br\ght ab\t a great developm5t 9 portraiture1 ev5 ! gods assum+ a m individualiz$ "*4 ,battle sc5es & ! a*ievem5ts ( fam\s w>riors & h]oes 7 popul> subjects4 ,to ov]awe ! populace1 religi\s arti/s = ! fir/ "t pictur$ ! horrors ( hell4 ,=ceful del9eation & ! vigor\s expression ( action are *>act]i/ic ( ,kamakura art4 ,z5ism1 a metaphysical doctr9e introduc$ f ,*9a to ,japan 9 ! ,kamakura p]iod1 _h a v great influ5ce 9 ! succe$+ ,a%ikaga p]iod 7#accg-aehb7 9 %ap+ ! c\rse ( art4 ,! ,z5 sect ( ,buddhism1 disc>d+ ritual1 s\ght salvation ?r\gh self-conc5tration & m$itation4 ,subjective idealism & ! se>* ( ! inn] _s ( ?+s1 fo/]$ by ,z5ism1 l$ ! ,a%ikaga arti/s to practice a rigor\s economy ( means1 elim9at+ color 9 g5]al & all details n ess5tial to ! expression ( ! arti/'s idea4 ,! se>* = ! hidd5 beauty 9 all ?+s 0 n conf9$ to ! major arts b l$ to ! beautification ( ! humble/ h\sehold ut5sils4 ,9 ! ornam5tation ( sword gu>ds ! metal work]s %[$ extraord9>y ability4 ,! ,a%ikaga era end$ 9 turmoil4 ,9 #aehb ,toyotomi ,hideyo%i1 a man ( ! humble/ orig91 br\ght ord] out ( *aos1 & became virtual rul] ov] a unifi$ ,japan4 ,w9t]1 ,six-fold ,scre51 by ,yeitoku1 #aedc-aeij ,w9t]1 ,six-fold ,scre51 by ,yeitoku1 #aedc-aeij ,"u ! patronage ( ,hideyo%i & 8 ennobl$ g5]als1 ! sob] ref9em5t ( ,a%ikaga art gave way to gorge\s decoration1 respl5d5t ) gold & brilliant colors1 t %[s ! influ5ce ( ! mature ,m+ /yle ( ,*9a4 ,! lead+ arti/ ( ?is p]iod 9 ,japan 0 ,yeitoku 7#aedc-aeij71 :o ) 8 num]\s pupils pa9t$ sumptu\s decorations = ! palaces ( ! weal?y nobles4 ,by ,yeitoku are ! two l>ge scre5s illu/rat$ above4 ,?is arti/ creat$ p]haps ! greate/ purely decorative /yle ( pa9t+ t ! _w has ev] kn[n4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,hideyo%i 9 #afjb1 ,iyeyasu f\nd$ ! ,tokugawa ,%ogunate 7#afjc-ahfg74 ,dur+ ! long 8,tokugawa peace0 v>i\s s*ools ( art develop$4 ,koetsu 7d4 #afcg7 & 8 great foll[]s1 ,sotatsu 7middle ,,xviii c5tury7 & ,kor9 7d4 #agaf71 e/abli%$ ! s-call$ ,kor9 s*ool1 seek+ to comb9e ! ri* color+ ( pre-,a%ikaga days ) ! bold treatm5t ( ! ,z5 s*ool4 ,kano ,tanyu & 8 foll[]s attempt$ to return to ! purity ( ! ,a%ikaga ma/]s1 b met ) only p>tial success4 ,patronage 0 l>gely 9 ! h&s ( a prosp]\s middle class :o dem&$ some?+ m easily und]/ood ?an ! ari/ocratic art ( ! e>li] p]iods4 ,to meet ?is dem& a m democratic s*ool arose1 & _m gift$ arti/s ?r\gh _! pa9t+s ( popul> fe/ivals & o!r famili> sc5es prep>$ ! way = ! ,ukiyo-e1 or s*ool ( common life4 ,"u ! inspiration ( ?is popul> s*ool1 ! art ( pr9t+ 9 colors f wood blocks 0 br\ght to a high /ate ( p]fection4 ,little orig9al "w ( any importance has be5 produc$ 9 ,japan s9ce ! ,re/oration 9 #ahfh4 ,tig]1 ,attribut$ to ,ses%u1 #adbj-aejf4 ,aft] a ,design by ,y5-,hiu1 #ajhb-aace4 ,gift ( ,*>les ,l4 ,fre] ,tig]1 ,attribut$ to ,ses%u1 #adbj-aejf4 ,aft] a ,design by ,y5-,hiu1 #ajhb-aace4 ,gift ( ,*>les ,l4 ,fre] ,cov]$ ,box1 ,cloisonne ,enamel4 ,japanese1 ,,xix ,c5tury4 ,decorat$ 9 ! ,old ,korean ,/yle4 ,cov]$ ,box1 ,cloisonne ,enamel4 ,japanese1 ,,xix ,c5tury4 ,decorat$ 9 ! ,old ,korean ,/yle4 ,,*9ese ,,art ,cloisonne ,vase ,*9ese1 ,m+ ,dyna/y ,cloisonne ,vase ,*9ese1 ,m+ ,dyna/y ,! /udy ( anci5t ,*9ese art is att5d$ by disc\rag+ unc]ta9ties4 ,only a few bronzes1 jades1 & possibly a small quantity ( pott]y1 h surviv$ to te/ify to ! e>ly developm5t ( art 9 ,*9a4 ,to add to ! difficulty1 ! exact dat+ ( ?is mat]ial is at be/ only t5tative4 ,b :e!r ! mo/ anci5t ( ^! bronzes & jades are to be attribut$ to ! ,%ang ,dyna/y 7#agff-aabb ,b4 ,c47 or1 ) m probability1 to ! succe$+ ,*\ ,dyna/y 7#aabb-bee71 ! te*nical skill :i* !y display po/ulates s long a p]iod ( prep>ation t ! orig9s ( ,*9ese art mu/ be ref]r$ to a pa/ too remote = our pres5t disc]nm5t4 ,) ! ,han ,dyna/y 7,b4 ,c4 #bjf-bba ,a4 ,d471 we f9d ourselves on sur] gr\nd1 s9ce _m works ( art ( v>i\s k9ds & mat]ials1 & unque/ionably ( ?is era1 h come d[n to u4 ,n only bronzes & jades b also pott]y & sculpture be> witness to ! fl\ri%+ art ( ?is p]iod4 ,dur+ ! ,han ,dyna/y1 probably 9 ! fir/ c5tury ( our era1 ,buddhism rea*$ ,*9a f ,india4 ,x does n appe>1 h[ev]1 to h ex]t$ mu* influ5ce ^u ! arts until ab\t ! ,v c5tury4 ,! ,han ,dyna/y 0 foll[$ by a succession ( %ort] reigns kn[n z ! ,?ree ,k+doms & ! ,six ,dyna/ies4 ,e>ly 9 ! ,,vii c5tury1 ! great h\se ( ,t'ang 7#fah-ijg7 came to p[]1 & = ?ree hundr$ ye>s held sway ov] a va/ empire4 ,x 0 ! p]iod ( ,*9a's greate/ ext]nal p[]2 ! p]iod ( h] greate/ poetry2 & ( h] gr&e/ & mo/ vigor\s1 if n1 p]haps1 h] mo/ p]fect art4 ,! surviv+ works ( art ( ?is era are f> f num]\s1 b !y are suffici5t to w>rant ! belief t ,*9a1 except 9 ! field ( c]amic art1 r>ely if ev] surpass$ ! a*ievem5ts ( ?is gold5 age4 ,*9ese ,buddhi/ sculpture atta9$ its noble/ developm5t 9 ! ,t'ang p]iod4 ,z to ,t'ang pa9t+--un=tunately1 surviv+ examples are ( ! utmo/ r>ity--x is *>act]iz$ by au/]e beauty & spiritual elevation4 ,admirable also are ! productions ( ! metal work]1 ! weav]1 & ! pott]4 ,a %ort p]iod ( half a c5tury succe$$ ! fall ( ! ,t'ang ,dyna/y4 ,we come !n to ano!r ( ! great p]iods ( ,*9ese civilization1 t ( ! ,sung ,dyna/y 7#ifj-abhj74 ,f n[ on1 surviv+ monum5ts p]mit u great] c]ta9ty 9 /udy+ ! cont9u\s developm5t ( ,*9ese art4 ,"u ! ,sung emp]ors we f9d a complex civilization m>k$ by luxury ( liv+1 ref9em5t & elegance ( ta/e4 ,^! *>act]i/ics are reflect$ 9 ! arts4 ,al?\gh relige\s pa9t+ 0 l>gely practic$1 ,sung arti/s %[ a pr$ilection = l&scape & = subjects alli$ to l&scape1 su* z birds & fl[]s4 ,exceptional qualities ( poetic imag9ation1 obs]vation ( nature & te*nical pr(ici5cy *>act]ize ^! pa9t+s4 ,a*ievem5ts 9 ! field ( m9or arts are conspicu\s2 9 p>ticul>1 we may note ! productions ( pott]s4 ,! ,sung ,dyna/y 0 succe$$ by t ( ! ,mongol invad]s :o f\nd$ ! ,yuan ,dyna/y 7#abhj-acfh74 ,) ! art ( ?is p]iod1 ! decl9e beg9s4 ,! ,mongols 7 foll[$ by a native dyna/y1 ! ,m+ 7#acfh-afdd71 "u :om ! art ( porcela9 mak+ began to progress rapidly t[>d p]fection4 ,m+ pa9t+s %[ an excessive ref9em5t1 an elegance t is n )\t its *>m1 b !y lack ! nobility & spirituality ( ! e>li] p]iods4 ,9 ! ,*'+1 or ,man*u1 ,dyna/y 7#afdd-aiab71 "u ! ,emp]ors ,k'ang ,hsi & 8 gr&son1 ,*'i5 ,lung1 ! art ( porcela9 manufacture & decoration rea*$ its apogee4 ,today1 aft] =ty c5turies ( lib]al h>ve/1 ! art soil ( ,*9a w\ld seem to be /]ile & ab&on$4 ,,! ,,*9ese ,,dyna/ies ,%ang ,dyna/y #agff-aabb ,b4 ,c4 ,*\ ,dyna/y #aabb-bee ,b4 ,c4 ,*'9 ,dyna/y #bee-bjf ,b4 ,c4 ,han ,dyna/y ,b4 ,c4 #bjf-bba ,a4 ,d4 ,?ree ,k+doms #bba-bfe ,a4 ,d4 ,six ,dyna/ies #bfe-fah ,a4 ,d4 ,t'ang ,dyna/y #fah-ijg ,a4 ,d4 ,five ,dyna/ies #ijg-ifj ,a4 ,d4 ,sung ,dyna/y #ifj-abhj ,a4 ,d4 ,yuan ,dyna/y #abhj-acfh ,a4 ,d4 ,m+ ,dyna/y #acfh-afdd ,a4 ,d4 ,*'+ ,dyna/y #afdd-aiab ,a4 ,d4 ,k'ang ,hsi 7#affb-agbb7 ,yung ,*'eng 7#agbc-agce7 ,*'i5 ,lung 7#agcf-agie7 ,republic f #aiab ,horse's ,head4 ,han ,p]iod ,horse's ,head4 ,han ,p]iod ,! e>ly ,*9ese believ$ 9 ! resurrection ( ! physical man1 & only aft] _m c5turies did ! idea ( m]e spiritual survival vaguely supplant ! e>li] sup]/ition4 ,to m9i/] to ! ne$s ( ! dead ! ,*9ese ( ! ,han p]iod 7#bjf ,b4 ,c4-#bba ,a4 ,d47 /ock$ _! tombs ) j>s conta9+ w9e & pickl$ meats1 ) articles ( jade1 ) clo!s1 mirrors & weapons4 ,to ^! 7 add$ co/ly treasures1 furniture1 *>iots1 live animals2 ev5 immolation ( relatives & reta9]s 0 practic$ 9 e>ly times4 ,z ! conception ( spiritual survival gradually replac$ t ( bodily life aft] dea?1 simulacra ( ! objects us$ 9 life came to be sub/itut$ 9 burial = real objects4 ,to ?is class belongs ! horse's head1 illu/rat$ on ?is page1 int5d$ to take ! place ( a liv+ sacrifice4 ,! mat]ial is a s(t grey e>!nw>e1 cov]$ ) a lay] ( buff clay1 p]haps an orig9al slip or p]haps an adh]+ soil incru/ation4 ,! model+ ( ! head1 :i* has be5 made f a m\ld1 comb9es a close /udy ( nature ) monum5tal elim9ation ( ! non-ess5tial4 ,designs ( ! p]iod engrav$ on /one %[ a simil> en?usiasm = ! horse & a simil> me?od ( treatm5t1 ! int]e/ be+ 9 ! decorative & l9e> aspect m ?an 9 ! reali/ic & pla/ic4 ,mortu>y ,vase4 ,han ,p]iod ,mortu>y ,vase4 ,han ,p]iod ,! vase is a typical piece ( mortu>y pott]y ( ! ,han p]iod4 ,x is made ( h>d r$di% clay cov]$ ) a ?ick transluc5t gre5 glaze1 9 p>ts become iridesc5t4 ,! =m is d]iv$ f an e>li] bronze type2 ! simulat$ r+s :i* orig9ally =m$ ! h&les ( ! e>li] type ( vessel %\ld be not$4 ,! vase is decorat$ ) a b& ( hunt+ sc5es & animals1 real & fabul\s1 model$ 9 l[ relief4 ,pa9t+ ,on ,silk by ,ma ,yuan ,pa9t+ ,on ,silk by ,ma ,yuan ,dur+ ! ,sung dyna/y1 a p]iod ( highly develop$ civilization l&scape pa9t+ occupi$ ! att5tion ( ! greate/ arti/s4 ,we>y+ ( ! complexity ( life1 m5 ( culture turn$ ) eag] desire to ! peace & solitude ( nature4 ,?is love ( nature f9ds beautiful expression 9 ! pa9t+s ( ,ma ,yuan1 "o ( ! ?ree greate/ l&scape pa9t]s ( ! p]iod4 ,by ?is arti/1 :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! latt] "p ( ! ,,xii c5tury & ! fir/ "p ( ! foll[+ c5tury1 is ! l>ge kakemono pa9t$ 9 mono*rome on silk1 :i* is illu/rat$ opposite4 ,! subject is ! meet+ betwe5 ! ,taoi/ tea*]1 ,lee ,erh1 & 8 disciple1 ,y+ ,hai1 on ! m\nta9 ,wah ,%an1 "o ( ! five l>ge/ m\nta9s ( ,*9a4 ,*>act]i/ic ( ! p]iod is ! l(t9ess & simplicity ( ! /yle1 an au/]ity temp]$ by ! s]5e & sil5t joy ( ! true lov] ( nature4 ,irrelevant details are omitt$2 only ^? :i* are significant express+ ! arti/'s mood 9 contemplation ( nature are record$4 ,anci5t ,*9ese ,jades ,anci5t ,*9ese ,jades ,! e>lie/ ,*9ese religion 0 ess5tially a/ronomical & cosmic4 ,heav51 e>?1 & ! f\r qu>t]s 7 ! six cosmic p[]s wor%ip$ z deities4 ,! symbol ( e>? 0 a yell[ jade 8tube0 or holl[ cyl9d]1 r\nd inside & squ>e outside1 ) a %ort1 project+ neck at ei!r end4 ,! e>? 0 ?\ght ( z r\nd 9 its int]ior & squ>e outside4 ,! jade e>? 8tube0 or 8huang t'sung0 9 our collection is a v anci5t piece1 possibly dat+ f ! ,*\ p]iod 7#aabb-bee ,b4,c474 ,to ! ,sung p]iod 7#ifj-abhj ,a4 ,d47 may be assign$ ! beautiful jade reproduc$ 9 ! illu/ration1 al?\gh ! type is rem9isc5t ( ,han productions4 ,pa9t+ attribut$ to ,pi5 ,*9-,/an ,pa9t+ attribut$ to ,pi5 ,*9-,/an ,attribut$ to ,pi5 ,*9-,/an1 an arti/ ( ! ,yuan p]iod 7#abhj-acfh71 is ! pa9t+ ( birds & fl[]s reproduc$ on ?is page4 ,! mell[ h>mony ( ! colors is p>ticul>ly delightful4 ,exquisite s5sitiv5ess to beauties ( l9e & =m1 comb9$ ) lov+ obs]vation ( nature1 di/+ui%es ! draw+4 ,al?\gh pa9t+s ( ! ,yuan p]iod1 g5]ally speak+1 are inf]ior to ! ,sung1 lack+ ! spiritual qualities t *>act]ize ! e>li] p]iod1 9 su* "w z ?is ! great traditions ( ,*9ese pa9t+ are wor?ily cont9u$4 ,to appreciate ,*9ese pa9t+ "o mu/ rid oneself ( ! mi/ak5 idea1 s common to ,occid5tals1 t a "w ( art dep5ds = success ^u its 8lik5ess0 to nature4 ,petty imitation ( ! appe>ance ( ?+s plays no "p 9 ,*9ese pa9t+4 ,x is ! expression 9 t]ms ( beauty ( ! inn] & in=m+ _s1 r ?an ! outw>d semblance1 t con/itutes ! aim ( ! ,*9ese arti/4 ,tung ,fang ,s4 ,jade ,tung ,fang ,s4 ,jade ,f remote antiquity1 jade has be5 highly priz$ by ! ,*9ese z ! mo/ preci\s ( preci\s /ones4 ,9 ! ornam5tal c>v+ ( ?is beautiful m9]al1 ! ,*9ese may ju/ly claim pre-em95ce4 ,! little /atuette "h reproduc$ repres5ts "o ( ! ,*9ese immortals1 ,tung ,fang ,s1 :o c>ries ! pea*es ( longevity4 ,! jade is light greyi%-gre5 9 color4 ,! c>v+ probably dates f ! late ,m+ p]iod4 ,pr9cess ,yang4 ,m+ ,p]iod ,pr9cess ,yang4 ,m+ ,p]iod ,?is pa9t+ repres5ts ,pr9cess ,yang ,kwei-,fei1 ! celebrat$ favorite ( ! ,emp]or ,t'ang ,huan ,tsung1 return+ f h] ba?4 ,x is an excell5t example ( ! ,m+ p]iod 7#acfh-afdd ,a4 ,d471 lovely 9 color1 di/+ui%$ by c\rtly elegance & ref9em5t ( draw+4 ,x has be5 attribut$ to ,yiu ,kiu1 also nam$ ,tze-,kiu4 ,! daught] ( a petty function>y1 ! ,pr9cess ,yang became 9 #gce ,a4 ,d4 "o ( ! concub9es ( ! ,emp]or's eighte5? son4 ,h] surpass+ beauty & accompli%m5ts won ! affections ( ! ,emp]or himself4 ,s great 0 h] asc5dancy ov] ?is weak voluptu>y t ! ,imp]ial favorite 0 treat$ by ! c\rt ) demon/rations ( respect t ju/ly app]ta9$ to none save ! ,empress ,consort2 memb]s ( h] family 7 rais$ to high (fice2 & no outlay 0 sp>$ 9 gratify+ ! caprice & covet\sness ( ! ,pr9cess or h] relatives4 ,x is n surpris+ t a rebellion result$4 ,dur+ ! flight ( ! c\rt 9 #gef ,a4 ,d4 ! ,imp]ial gu>d revolt$1 & ! ,emp]or 0 con/ra9$ to ord] ! ,pr9cess ,yang to be /rangl$4 ,vase4 ,m+ ,p]iod ,vase4 ,m+ ,p]iod ,! porcela9 vase is decorat$ 9 five colors on a :ite gr\nd ) a design %[+ a peacock1 a pho5ix & small] birds among rocks1 foliage & blossoms4 ,x is a *>act]i/ic & f9e production ( ! late ,m+ ,p]iod 7#acfh-afdd74 ,altoge!r admirable is ! way 9 :i* ! design1 drawn ) great fre$om & boldness1 is adapt$ to ! %ape ( ! vase4 ,! colors are skillfully h>moniz$2 ! beautiful blue %\ld be p>ticul>ly not$4 ,*9ese ,porcela9 ( ! ,,xvii & ,,xviii ,c5turies ,*9ese ,porcela9 ( ! ,,xvii & ,,xviii ,c5turies ,apple-gre51 a%es-(-rose1 mirror-black1 camellia-gre51 lemon-yell[1 & celadon are "s ( ! beautiful glazes exemplifi$ 9 ?is gr\p ( rem>kable 8solid-color0 porcela9s dat+ f ! reigns ( ,k'ang ,hsi1 ,yung ,*5g & ,*'i5 ,lung 7second half ( ,,xvii c5tury & ! ,,xviii c5tury74 ,! l>ge plate is a f9e piece ( ,k'ang ,hsi decorat$ porcela94 ,mo/ ( ! pieces 9 ?is case 7 =m]ly 9 ! celebrat$ ,morgan ,collection4 ,gift ( ,mrs4 ,e4 ,c4 ,gale4 ,,egyptian ,,art ,detail ( ! ,c>tonnage ,enclos+ ! ,mummy ( ! 8,lady ( ! ,h\se1 ,te%a04 ,dyna/y ,,xxii-,,xxv ,detail ( ! ,c>tonnage ,enclos+ ! ,mummy ( ! 8,lady ( ! ,h\se1 ,te%a04 ,dyna/y ,,xxii-,,xxv ,! ,egyptian collection1 pur*as$ f ! ,drexel ,in/itute1 includes ov] sev5 hundr$ objects1 rang+ f sculpture & pa9t+ to furniture & ut5sils ( daily life4 ,x af=ds an adequate illu/ration ( ! conditions "u :i* art fl\ri%$ 9 ! anci5t l& ( ! ,nile1 & ( ! *>act]i/ic =ms ( art expression :i* 7 evolv$ to meet ^! conditions4 ,aft] monum5tal ar*itecture1 ! sy/em ( decoration evolv$ by ! ,egyptians is p]haps _! greate/ contribution to ! _w's art4 ,a few *>act]i/ics ( ,egyptian pa9t+ & sculpture may be not$4 ,color is us$ 9 flat areas )\t gradation & effects ( light & %ade4 ,9 draw+1 outl9e is ! pr9cipal mode ( repres5tation4 ,v>i\s conv5tions orig9at+ 9 ! primitive /ages ( art1 su* z ! repres5tation ( ! human body ) head & legs 9 pr(ile & ! %\ld] to ! front1 became traditional & 7 cont9u$ ) little *ange ?r\gh\t lat] p]iods4 ,^! conv5tions1 h[ev]1 did n prev5t ! arti/ 9 ! m vigor\s p]iods ( ,egyptian art f not+ ) great ke5ness ( obs]vation _m tru?s ( nature4 ,?is curi\s conflict betwe5 reali/ic obs]vation & conv5tional means ( repres5tation is *>act]i/ic ( ,egyptian art4 ,9 free-/&+ sculpture1 ! v>iety ( po/ures 0 limit$ to a few unv>y+ poses4 ,on ! :ole1 9 ! figurative arts1 types & subjects rema9 un*ang$ ?r\gh\t ,egyptian hi/ory1 al?\gh f "t to "t ! in=m+ _s 0 diff]5t4 ,?is immutable "* ( ,egyptian art is ?or\ghly consonant ) ! idea ( duration :i* 0 s /rongly a controll+ factor 9 ,egyptian life4 ,we _c consid] "h ! manifold ramifications ( ,egyptian religi\s belief1 b "o c5tral t5et--t exi/5ce cont9u$ aft] dea?--mu/ receive "s att5tion1 s9ce ?is belief 9 ! aft]-_w expla9s _m features t might o!rwise be puzzl+4 ,! tomb1 = example1 0 ?\ght ( z ! real dwell+ h\se1 8! et]nal h\se ( ! dead02 ! h\ses ( ! liv+ 7 m]ely 8wayside inns40 ,z a result1 dome/ic ar*itecture 0 inconsequ5tial2 all ef=ts 7 conc5trat$ on ! con/ruction & decoration ( tombs & temples4 ,c(f9 & ,mummy ( ! 8,lady ( ! ,h\se1 ,te%a0 ,f ,!bes1 ,dyna/y ,,xxii-,,xxv4 ,c(f9 & ,mummy ( ! 8,lady ( ! ,h\se1 ,te%a0 ,f ,!bes1 ,dyna/y ,,xxii-,,xxv4 ,! mummy is enclos$ 9 a c>tonnage1 made ( _m lay]s ( l95 held toge!r by pla/]1 elaborately decorat$ by inscriptions & figures ( ! gods4 ,! an?ropoid c(f9 is made ( wood1 & is also ri*ly decorat$4 ,te%a 0 ! daught] ( ! ,doorkeep] ( ! ,gold5 ,h\se 7or ,treasury7 ( ,amon at ,!bes4 ,x 0 believ$ t man 0 compos$ ( diff]5t entities ea* hav+ its sep>ate life & function4 ,fir/1 !re 0 ! body itself2 !n1 ! ,ka or d\ble--! e!real projection ( ! individual1 correspond+ 9 a way to our gho/4 ,two o!r elem5ts 7 ! ,ba or s\l & ! ,khu or lum9\s sp>k f ! div9e fire4 ,ea* ( ^! elem5ts 0 9 itself p]i%able4 ,left to !mselves1 !y w\ld ha/5 to dissolution1 & ! man1 z an entity1 w\ld be annihilat$4 ,?is cata/rophe1 h[ev]1 c\ld be av]t$ ?r\gh ! piety ( ! survivors4 ,! decomposition ( ! body c\ld be prev5t$1 or at lea/ susp5d$1 by ! process ( embalm+2 pray]s & (f]+s sav$ ! o!r elem5ts f ! second dea? & secur$ = !m all t 0 necess>y = ! prolongation ( _! exi/5ce4 ,! influ5ce ^u ! arts ( ^! religi\s beliefs is int]e/+ to note4 ,sc5es ( h>ve/+1 hunt+1 & simil> episodes connect$ ) ! (f]+ ( food 7 pa9t$ or c>v$ ^u ! tomb walls1 g5]ally = an utilit>ian purpose4 ,?r\gh ! recitation ( pray]s & magic =mulae1 ! pictur$ semblances ( food became reality & sav$ ! hungry ,ka f annihilation 9 case actual (f]+s %\ld fail him4 ,9 ! same way1 portrait /atues 7 plac$ 9 tombs to provide a semblance ( ! deceas$ to :i* ! ,ka c\ld return 7 ! actual body de/roy$4 ,^! in/ances are p]haps suffici5t to %[ u h[ closely art 0 relat$ to religion 9 anci5t ,egypt4 ,,*ronological ,,table ,pre-,dyna/ic ,p]iod ab\t #djjj-cdjj ,b4,c4 ,accession ( ,m5es & ,beg9n+ ( ,egyptian ,hi/ory #cdjj ,b4,c4 ,e>ly ,dyna/ic ,p]iod1 ,i & ,,ii ,dyna/ies #cdjj-bihj ,b4,c4 ,old ,k+dom ,,iii ,dyna/y #bihj-bijj ,b4,c4 ,,iv ,dyna/y #bijj-bgej ,b4,c4 ,v ,dyna/y #bgej-bfbe ,b4,c4 ,,vi ,dyna/y #bfbe-bdge ,b4,c4 ,transitional ,p]iod ,,vii-,x ,dyna/ies4 #bdge-bafj ,b4,c4 ,middle ,k+dom ,,xi ,dyna/y #bafj-bjjj ,b4,c4 ,,xii ,dyna/y #bjjj-aghh ,b4,c4 ,hyksos ,p]iod ,,xiii-,,xvii ,dyna/ies4 #aghh-aehj ,b4,c4 ,! ,empire ,,xviii ,dyna/y #aehj-acae ,b4,c4 ,,xix ,dyna/y #acae-abjj ,b4,c4 ,,xx ,dyna/y #abjj-ajij ,b4,c4 ,,xxi ,dyna/y #ajij-ide ,b4,c4 ,late ,dyna/ic ,p]iod ,,xxii ,dyna/y #ide-gde ,b4,c4 ,,xxiii ,dyna/y #gde-gah ,b4,c4 ,,xxiv ,dyna/y #gah-gab ,b4,c4 ,,xxv ,dyna/y #gab-ffc ,b4,c4 ,saite ,p]iod ,,xxvi ,dyna/y #ffc-ebe ,b4,c4 ,p]sian ,conque/ ( ,egypt #ebe ,b4,c4 ,p]sian ,p]iod ,,xxvii & ,,xxviii ,dyna/ies #ebe-cih ,b4,c4 ,,xxix ,dyna/y #cih-cgi ,b4,c4 ,,xxx ,dyna/y #cgh-cda ,b4,c4 ,ptolemaic ,p]iod4 #ccb-cj ,b4,c4 ,roman ,p]iod #cj ,b4,c4-#cfd ,a4,d4 ,byzant9e 7,coptic7 ,p]iod #cfd-fdj ,a4,d4 ,arab ,conque/ ( ,egypt #fdj ,a4,d4 ,l[] ,"p ( ,c(f94 ,dyna/y ,,xxi ,l[] ,"p ( ,c(f94 ,dyna/y ,,xxi ,! ext]ior ( ?is wood5 c(f9 is decorat$ ) figures ( gods & m9or div9ities 9 %r9es1 alt]nat+ ) invocations to v>i\s div9ities4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ sc5e is t next ! foot on ! "r side1 %[+ ! goddess ,ha?or 9 ! =m ( a c[4 ,beside h] is a sugge/ion ( ! ,!ban cliffs & ! op5 door ( h] %r9e1 :i* 0 hewn 9 ! m\nta9 side4 ,?is v %r9e 0 discov]$ on ,febru>y #g1 #aijf1 & 9 x intact 0 a life-size cult /atue ( ,ha?or z a c[4 ,ha?or 0 suppos$ to receive ! sett+ sun & to welcome ! dead on ! br9k ( ! next _w4 ,! decoration ( ! int]ior ( ! c(f9 is bold] & m highly color$ ?an ! ext]ior4 ,on ! floor may be not$ ! l>ge /&+ figure ( ,osiris ( ,busiris4 ,v>i\s div9ities are repres5t$ surr\nd+ him4 ,on ! sides ( ! c(f9 are ?ree regi/]s conta9+ ea* ?ree mummi=m figures ) human or animal heads2 at ! top is ! s\l ( ! deceas$1 repres5t$ z a human-head$ bird4 ,?is c(f9 d\btless comes f ,!bes4 ,! abs5ce ( ! cov] makes x impossible to det]m9e ! own]%ip4 ,! c(f9 0 p]haps orig9ally decorat$ 9 advance = a woman's burial1 & held 9 /ock = any burial4 ,9 "o place1 h[ev]1 a man's titles are giv51 al?\gh ! "n is n record$1 s t possibly1 be=e ! decoration ( ! c(f9 0 complet$1 x 0 adapt$ to ! use ( a man4 ,/atuette1 ,wood4 ,dyna/y ,,xii ,/atuette1 ,wood4 ,dyna/y ,,xii ,/&+ figure ( a woman1 c>v$ 9 wood1 ) traces ( pa9t+2 f\nd at ,deir2 a f9e example ( c>v+ 9 ,dyna/y ,,xii4 ,an inscription on ! base may be read3 8,fun]>y (f]+s1 beef1 f[l 7871 ?+s 7871 good & pure = ! honorable ,kai40 ,d\btless a portrait /atue4 ,! pose1 ) "o foot advanc$ & ! arms held /iffly at ! sides1 is a famili> "o 9 ,egyptian art4 ,note co/ume details3 ! ?ick wig & ! tight dress support$ by two %\ld] /raps4 ,goddess ,nei?1 ,bronze ,dyna/y ,,xxvi ,goddess ,nei?1 ,bronze ,dyna/y ,,xxvi ,?is bronze /atuette repres5ts ! ,goddess ,nei? we>+ ! cr[n ( ,l[] ,egypt2 probably ( ! ,saite p]iod4 ,an excell5t example ( votive bronzes1 ( :i* !re is a consid]able numb] 9 ! collection4 ,^! /atuettes probably s]v$ z votive or propitiatory (f]+s2 t is to say1 !y 7 (f]$ at %r9es 9 gratitude = favors exp]i5c$ or 9 ! hope ( w9n+ favors to come4 ,fun]>y ,papyrus ,fun]>y ,papyrus ,fragm5t ( ! fun]>y papyrus ( ! ,prie/ ( ,amon1 ,jekhonsefonkh2 "p ( a scroll buri$ ) ! deceas$ = 8 in/ruction 9 ! aft]world2 ,dyna/y ,,xxi4 ,u%abti1 ,wood ,u%abti1 ,wood ,u%abti1 ,dyna/y ,,xix 7871 "p ( ! burial equipm5t ( 8,! ,lady ( ! ,h\se1 ! ,*antress ( ,amon1 ,aay40 ,u%abtiu 7 plac$ 9 ! tomb to answ] = ! deceas$ :5 call$ ^u to labor 9 ! aft]world4 ,! inscription reads3 8,to illum9ate ! ,osiris1 ! ,lady ( ! ,h\se1 ,aay1 beatifi$ 9 peace4 ,he says3 ,o ?is u%abti1 if "o be draft$ to d all ! labors :i* are p]=m$ 9 ! und]world--! ,osiris1 ! ,lady ( ! ,h\se1 ,aay1 beatifi$1 9 peace--to cultivate ! fields1 to irrigate ! banks1 to c>ry ! s& ( ! ea/ to ! we/1 behold1 !re w be smitt5 d[n 4440 ,"h ! text1 :i* is "p ( ,*apt] ,,vi ( ! ,book ( ! ,dead1 breaks (f because ! available space 0 fill$4 ,x omits f9al in/ructions to ! u%abti to reply1 %\ld ! deceas$ be draft$1 8,behold1 "h am ,i60 & !reupon relieve ! deceas$ ,lady ( ! ,h\se ( ! on]\s task ( labor+ 9 ! fields4 ,cov] ( a ,canopic ,j>1 ,t]racotta ,cov] ( a ,canopic ,j>1 ,t]racotta ,cov] ( a canopic j> us$ 9 ! burial to conta9 ! human visc]a2 if n e>li] ?an ! ,empire p]iod1 to :i* x is attribut$1 x repres5ts ! g5ius ,amset4 ,gr\p ( ,egyptian ,alaba/] ,vessels ,gr\p ( ,egyptian ,alaba/] ,vessels ,f left to "r3 sph]ical vase1 ,e>ly ,dyna/ic2 kohl j> us$ to conta9 antimony or o!r prep>ations = ! eyes1 ,dyna/y ,,xii or ,,xviii2 ! ?ree vessels foll[+ are ( ! ,empire p]iod1 ,dyna/y ,,xviii-,,xix4 ,bronze ,mirror ,bronze ,mirror ,bronze mirror1 orig9ally highly poli%$1 probably ( ! ,ptolemaic p]iod4 ,note ! lotus column s]v+ z h&le & ! two sacr$ falcons at ! side ( ! h&le4 ,! sacr$ falcon bel[ is a *>m or amulet ( ! ,,xii or ,,xviii ,dyna/y 9 poli%$ gray /one4 ,amulet ,amulet ,sacr$ ,eye & ,sc>ab ,sacr$ ,eye & ,sc>ab ,he>t sc>ab1 ,dyna/y ,,xx or lat]4 ,inscription is a pray] f ! ,book ( ! ,dead1 adjur+ ! he>t1 ov] :i* ! sc>ab 0 plac$1 n to be> false witness aga9/ ! deceas$ at ! "t ( judgm5t4 ,! ,horus eye is a beautiful piece ( fai5ce inlaid ) /one & glass1 probably ( ,dyna/y ,,xix4 ,,anci5t ,,art ,except = ,egyptian mat]ial1 ! repres5tation ( anci5t art 9 our collections is un=tunately limit$ to comp>atively few orig9al examples4 ,^! include1 h[ev]1 an int]e/+ gr\p ( ,cypriote pott]y 7duplicate mat]ial f ! ,cesnola ,collection7 :i* has consid]able importance f ! ar*aeological z well z f ! arti/ic po9t ( view4 ,?is collection ( pott]y f ! isl& ( ,cyprus %[s an almo/ unbrok5 succession ( /yles f ! ,e>ly ,bronze ,age1 ab\t #cjjj ,b4 ,c41 d[n to ! ,roman p]iod1 & ?us gives u a complete picture ( ! art ( pott]y 9 an important c5t] ( anci5t civilization = ab\t ?ree ?\s& ye>s4 ,arti/ically1 x is probably ! mo/ successful product ( ! ,cypriote arti/4 ,8 s5se ( =m & decoration c\ld "h f9d full expression )\t disclos+ ! lack ( high arti/ic inspiration1 :i* is app>5t 9 8 sculptural creations4 ,moreov]1 a c]ta9 fanciful orig9ality :i* %[s itself n[ 9 a fanta/ic %ape1 n[ 9 ! addition ( h&les & bosses 9 unexpect$ places1 gives to 8 vases a refre%+ v>iety4 ,! int]e/ ( ?is collection w be greatly increas$ :5 we are able to exhibit examples ( ! ,greek pa9t$ pott]y ( ! ,v & ,,iv c5turies ,b4 ,c41 :i* repres5ts ! culm9ation ( anci5t c]amic art4 ,a small collection ( ,cypriote glass1 dat+ f ! ,i c5tury ,b4 ,c4 to ! ,v c5tury ,a4 ,d41 attracts att5tion by its beautiful color1 or iridesc5ce1 due to burial 9 ! e>?4 ,al?\gh we h z yet no orig9al sculptures ( ! classical p]iod1 except = a few fragm5ts1 ! developm5t ( sculpture 9 ,greece & ,rome may be /udi$ 9 our ca/ collection4 ,piri=m ,vase4 ,cypriote1 ,myc5aean ,/yle4 ca4 #aejj-abjj ,b4,c4 ,piri=m ,vase4 ,cypriote1 ,myc5aean ,/yle4 ca4 #aejj-abjj ,b4,c4 ,cypriote ,pott]y ,cypriote ,pott]y ,f left to "r3 ,amphora1 :ite w>e pa9t$ 9 black & r$1 ,x-,v c5turies ,b4 ,c42 jug1 r$ slip w>e1 ,,xx-,,xv c5turies ,b4 ,c42 amphora1 :ite w>e pa9t$ 9 black & r$1 ,x-,v c5turies ,b4 ,c42 jug1 base r+ w>e1 ,,xv-,,xii c5turies ,b4 ,c42 o9o*oe1 :ite w>e pa9t$ 9 black & br[n1 ,x-,v c5turies ,b4 ,c4 ,! e>lie/ ( ! fabrics illu/rat$1 i4e41 ! r$ slip w>e1 ?\gh usually n poli%$1 is made evid5tly 9 imitation ( ! /ill e>li] r$ poli%$ w>e4 ,base-r+ w>e is s call$ f ! di/9ct /&+ base f\nd on mo/ specim5s4 ,) ! :ite pa9t$ w>e ( ! ,e>ly ,iron ,age1 we come to a :eel-made pott]y1 usually hav+ pa9t$ geometrical decoration4 ,babylonian ,tablet ,f ,jokha1 ca4 #bcej ,b4 ,c4 ,babylonian ,tablet ,f ,jokha1 ca4 #bcej ,b4 ,c4 ,?is is "o ( a small collection ( ,babylonian tablets4 ,x 0 made dur+ ! reign ( ,dungi1 ,k+ ( ,ur4 ,! inscription records an (f]+ to ! temple4 ,! tablet is seal$ to prev5t ! alt]ation ( ! record by ! prie/s or att5dants2 ! seal impression be>s ! figure ( ,s91 ! ,moon ,god1 :o 0 ! deity ( ,ur ( ! ,*aldees1 & be=e ! deity /& two prie/s 9 ! act ( wor%ip4 ,^! inscrib$ clay tablets 7 us$ by ! anci5t ,babylonians 9 place ( papyrus or p>*m5t4 ,,go?ic ,,art ,s9ce ! ,go?s1 a rude & b>b>\s anci5t p1 7 9 no wise conc]n$ ) ! spl5did art ( t p]iod int]v5+ betwe5 ,romanesque & ,r5aissance1 :i* misguid$ lat] g5]ations call$ ,go?ic because1 =soo?1 x 0 n classical1 x is un=tunate t ?is inappropriate designation %\ld be p]petuat$ by cu/om4 ,b ! misnom] is n[ us$ s g5]ally--ne$less to say1 )\t any s5se ( disp>agem5t--t we mu/ p]=ce accept x4 ,a ,pope1 ,/atuette 9 ,oak4 ,flemi%1 ab\t #aejj ,a ,pope1 ,/atuette 9 ,oak4 ,flemi%1 ab\t #aejj ,x is impossible to date any p]iod ( art ) absolute accuracy2 = art is always 9 ! process ( *ange1 & ! fl\ri%+ ( any p]iod ( art is long anticipat$ by prelim9>y manife/ations4 ,9 a g5]al way1 h[ev]1 x may be said t ! ,go?ic p]iod ext5ds f ! second half ( ! ,,xii c5tury ?r\gh ! ,,xv c5tury4 ,italy pres5ts an exception4 ,! t5tative ,go?ic art ( ! ,,xiii c5tury 9 ,italy gave place to ! new movem5t1 f\nd$ ^u en?usiasm = antiquity1 z well z = nature1 :i* we call ! ,r5aissance4 ,! classical elem5t 9 ,r5aissance art is ! feature :i* pr9cipally di/+ui%es x f ,go?ic4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( ! ,,xv c5tury1 ! ,r5aissance spread f ,italy into ! nor!rn c\ntries1 &1 9 ! ,,xvi c5tury1 accompli%$ a triumphant asc5dancy ov] ! late ,go?ic /yle4 ,! cr[n+ a*ievem5t ( ,go?ic art 0 ! ca!dral1 :]e ar*itect1 sculptor & pa9t] comb9$ to create monum5ts :i* rank ) ! greate/ works ( human g5ius4 ,nev] has sculpture m p]fectly adorn$ ar*itecture2 nev] has ar*itecture m beautifully express$ ! hopes & aspirations ( a p4 ,9 ?is age ! pla/ic arts 7 truly 8! language ( fai?40 ,f ,france1 ,go?ic art spread to o!r l&s1 to ,g]many1 ,fl&]s1 ,spa91 & ,engl&1 & ev5 to ,italy4 ,dur+ ! ,,xiii & ,,xiv c5turies1 ! highe/ developm5t ( ,go?ic art took place 9 ,france1 b1 9 ! ,,xv c5tury1 ,burgundy & ! m]*ant cities ( ,fl&]s ga9$ pre-em95ce4 ,france requir$ _m ye>s aft] ! battle ( ,ag9c\rt1 9 #adae1 to recov] f ! exhau/ion br\ght ab\t by int]nal conflict & =eign w>s4 ,9 ! meantime1 ! ri* cities ( ,fl&]s & ! p[]ful ,dukes ( ,burgundy (f]$ ! arti/ g5]\s patronage4 ,if ! arti/ 9 ?is late p]iod lo/ some?+ ( ! spirituality & noble simplicity ( e>li] times1 he 0 m skillful te*nically & m reali/ic4 ,n t ! e>li] arti/ _h n obs]v$ nature6 ,on ! contr>y1 he 0 em95tly successful 9 disc]n+ significant tru?s1 b he subord9at$ objective repres5tation to ! requirem5ts ( a monum5tal /yle4 ,save = a di/+ui%$ li/ ( pa9t]s1 head$ by ! great ,flemi% ma/]s1 ! ,van ,eycks 78-#adbf1 #acha-addj71 ,rogi] van d] ,weyd5 7#adjj-adfd71 & ,hans ,meml+ 7#adbe-adie71 ,go?ic art is l>gely anonym\s4 ,9 ! m9or arts1 su* z glass pa9t+1 ! illum9ation ( manuscripts1 metal "w & enamel+1 furniture1 & textiles1 wov5 & embroid]$1 ! ,go?ic ,age excell$1 & ! r>e surviv+ examples ( ^! beautiful crafts are treasur$ among ! mo/ preci\s relics ( ?is great p]iod ( ! _w's art4 ,head ( ! ,virg91 ,/one4 ,fr5*1 late ,,xiv ,c5tury ,head ( ! ,virg91 ,/one4 ,fr5*1 late ,,xiv ,c5tury ,a ,view ( ! ,go?ic ,room ,a ,view ( ! ,go?ic ,room ,! l>ge well-head ( ,i/rian /one 9 ! =egr\nd comes f ! ,palazzo ,zorzi 9 ,v5ice1 & is a f9e example ( ,v5etian /one-c>v+ 9 ! ,,xv c5tury4 ,! well-head1 ) its acan?us leaves at ! f\r corn]s1 rem9ds "o ( ! ,cor9?ian capital ( classical times1 &1 z a matt] ( fact1 anci5t capitals 7 sometimes us$ 9 lat] p]iods = well-heads4 ,on "o side is an angel hold+ a %ield support$ by two lions passant4 ,d\btless1 ?is %ield 0 orig9ally pa9t$ ! own]'s coat ( arms4 ,hunt+ ,p>ty ) ,falcons4 ,burgundian ,tape/ry1 ab\t #adej ,hunt+ ,p>ty ) ,falcons4 ,burgundian ,tape/ry1 ab\t #adej ,! two ,,xv c5tury ,go?ic tape/ries 9 ! ,*>les ,jairus ,m>t9 ,memorial ,collection are ma/]pieces ( ! weav]'s art4 ,!y rank among ! mo/ beautiful & *>act]i/ic examples ( ! ,gold5 ,age ( tape/ries4 ,! e>li] ( ! two1 ,! ,falcon]s1 0 wov51 presumably 9 ! ateli]s ( ,arras1 ab\t #adej4 ,x is simil> 9 /yle to ! fam\s ,h>dwicke ,hall hunt+ tape/ries1 own$ by ! ,duke ( ,devon%ire4 ,^! tape/ries h be5 ju/ly call$ 8! f9e/ ( ! ,,xv c5tury 9 ,engl&40 ,!y =m]ly ornam5t$ ! walls ( a great room 9 ,h>dwicke ,hall1 ,devon%ire1 b 7 remov$ f !re 9 ! ,,xvi c5tury & cut to adapt !m to walls pi]c$ ) w9d[s 9 a new location4 ,tak+ into consid]ation ! simil>ity 9 size1 subject1 co/ume1 & /yle ( repres5tation1 x is n at all impossible t ,! ,falcon]s may h belong$ orig9ally to ?is celebrat$ set4 ,our tape/ry1 :i* comes f ! ,ca!dral ( ,g]ona 9 ,spa91 0 evid5tly "p ( a /ill l>g] tape/ry 7tape/ries at ?is "t 7 (t5 wov5 ( great l5g?71 & may h be5 sep>at$ f ! o!r pieces ( ! set at ! "t ( _! removal f ,h>dwicke ,hall4 ,detail3 ,falcons ,attack+ a ,h]on2 ,hunt] ) ,lure ,detail3 ,falcons ,attack+ a ,h]on2 ,hunt] ) ,lure ,9 ! ,,xv c5tury1 hunt+ & hawk+--! latt] also call$ falconry--play$ a significant "p 9 ! social life ( ! nobility4 ,^! sports & ! ability to pursue !m 9 a g5]\s & polite fa%ion set ! nobility ap>t f ! common]s1 & =m$ ! *ief topic ( conv]sation1 :5 w> did n call f ! slaught] ( animals to ! slaught] ( m54 ,"o ( ! mo/ necess>y implem5ts 9 falconry is ! lure1 us$ to recall ! falcon4 ,9 ! upp] "r-h& corn] ( ! tape/ry a man is %[n wav+ a lure 9 8 "r h&4 ,! lure is a pair ( w+s atta*$ to a cord1 to :i* ! falcon is tra9$ to return because accu/om$ to f9d food !re4 ,! mode ( c>ry+ ! falcon on ! glov$ h& is illu/rat$ by sev]al ( ! p]sonages 9 ! tape/ry4 ,sev]al ( ! falcons are /ill on lea%2 "o has j be5 releas$ & ?r[n up into ! air2 ano!r is hav+ ! hood remov$ f 8 head4 ,! ri* co/umes illu/rate ! extravagant fa%ions :i* prevail$ 9 ! middle ( ! ,,xv c5tury1 :5 !re 0 great competition 9 dress betwe5 ! weal?y common]s & ! nobility4 ,great beauty ( color di/+ui%es ?is tape/ry4 ,! gre5s & br[ns ( ! foliage =m an agreeable contra/ ) ! ri* crimson & blue ( ! co/umes1 reliev$ by passages ( gre5 & violet4 ,! ,go?ic arti/ 0 n afraid to use /rong colors1 b he knew h[ to keep !m 9 h>moni\s relation%ip4 ,! simplicity ( ! design1 ! purposeful ab/5tion f reali/ic effects1 :i* we note 9 ?is tape/ry1 are virtues 9 ! art ( mural decoration t c n be too highly comm5d$4 ,two ,sc5es f ! ,/ory ( ,e/h]4 ,flemi% ,tape/ry1 late ,,xv ,c5tury ,two ,sc5es f ! ,/ory ( ,e/h]4 ,flemi% ,tape/ry1 late ,,xv ,c5tury ,ab\t fifty ye>s lat] ?an ,! ,falcon]s1 ?is beautiful tape/ry ) sc5es f ! ,/ory ( ,e/h]1 9 ! ,*>les ,jairus ,m>t9 ,memorial ,collection1 repres5ts ! t5d5cy t[>d a m ornate & sumptu\s art t *>act]iz$ ! late ,,xv c5tury4 ,9 ! l[] "r-h& corn] ( ! tape/ry1 j above ! scroll1 may be not$ a small fleuron1 :i* is probably ! m>k ( an ateli]1 b tape/ries be=e #aebh c r>ely be assign$ to any def9ite ateli] or weav]4 ,we mu/ be cont5t to designate our tape/ry z ,flemi%1 wov5 at ! close ( ! ,,xv c5tury4 ,! /ory ( ,e/h] 0 popul> among ! ,flemi% weav]s at ?is "t4 ,our tape/ry1 :i* =m$ "p ( a set1 may be comp>$ ) ?ree hang+s ( ! same subject belong+ to ! ,ca!dral ( ,s>agossa4 ,! reproduction c give b an unsatisfactory idea at be/ ( ! orig9al4 ,n only d we lose ! mell[ h>monies ( color1 b 9 r$uc+ ! design ( s l>ge a tape/ry to a few squ>e in*es _m ( ! mo/ beautiful details are necess>ily lo/4 ,9 ! left-h& comp>tm5t1 ,que5 ,e/h]1 kneel+ be=e ! ,k+1 kisses ! gold5 scept] :i* ,ahasu]us ext5ds to h]4 ,hav+ won favor 9 ! ,k+'s eyes1 ,e/h] asks z a boon t ! ,k+ & ,haman1 ! ,k+'s favorite1 ^: plot = ! p]secution ( ! ,jews ,e/h] int5ds to circumv5t1 %all att5d a fea/ :i* %e has prep>$ = !m4 ,9 ! upp] left-h& corn] are two little sc5es2 ,e/h] kneel+ 9 pray]1 & ,e/h] receiv+ in/ructions f ,mordecai4 ,9 ! comp>tm5t at ! "r is pictur$ ,e/h]'s banquet1 ! second fea/1 relat$ 9 ,*ap4 ,,vii ( ! ,book ( ,e/h]1 :i* br\ght ab\t ! fall ( ,haman4 ,p>ticul>ly int]e/+ 9 ?is sc5e is ! repres5tation ( table furni%+s1 ! damask clo?1 ! enamel$ ew] 9 ! %ape ( a boat1 ! knives ) _! h&les ( ivory & ebony1 ! hanap1 ! cup ( ,v5etian glass1 & ! v>i\s pieces ( plate4 ,we h 9 ?is composition a rem>kable docum5t illu/rat+ ! luxury t *>act]iz$ ! life ( ! great nobles at ! close ( ! ,,xv c5tury4 ,9 ! scrolls at ! bottom ( ! tape/ry are ,lat9 mottoes ref]r+ to ! sc5es above4 ,our tape/ry 0 =m]ly 9 ! ,j4 ,pi]pont ,morgan ,collection4 ,9 su* tape/ries z ?is & ,! ,falcon]s1 we may note ! p]fect relation%ip :i* exi/s betwe5 ! nature ( ! design & ! purpose to :i* ! tape/ry 0 put4 ,go?ic tape/ries ( ! ,,xv c5tury illu/rate ! true pr9ciple ( mural decoration4 ,design]s delib]ately avoid$ reali/ic imitation ( nature ) spatial effects & tricks ( illusion4 ,!y /rove to a*ieve a decorative flatness ( design :i* w\ld emphasize r ?an de/roy ! ar*itectonic quality ( ! wall ! tape/ry 0 to cov]4 ,a tape/ry is wov51 n embroid]$1 & =ms a s+le fabric4 ,only two elem5ts are employ$ 9 ! mak+ ( x1 ! w>p & ! wo( 7or weft74 ,^! are ! upright & ! horizontal ?reads4 ,! weav+ is done ^u a loom or frame4 ,! bobb91 or %uttle1 fill$ ) ?read ( ! weft1 is pass$ f "r to left beh9d ! odd w>p ?reads1 & 9 pass+ leaves a bit ( ! weft ?read 9 front ( ! ev5 w>p ?reads4 ,on ! backw>d trip1 f left to "r1 ! %uttle rev]ses its c\rse & leaves ! weft 9 front ( ! odd w>p ?reads4 ,?us1 all ! w>p ?reads are cov]$ ) ! weft4 ,a comb is us$ to press d[n ! ?reads1 s t !y =m an almo/ ev5 l9e4 ,wool is g5]ally us$ = ! weft1 l95 or hemp = ! w>p4 ,! texture 0 sometimes enri*$ ) passages ( gold & silv] ?read or p]haps a bit ( silk4 ,! ,virg9 & ,/4 ,john4 ,flemi%1 ab\t #aejj ,! ,virg9 & ,/4 ,john4 ,flemi%1 ab\t #aejj ,"p ( a l>ge tape/ry repres5t+ ! ,crucifixion4 ,its vigor\s design & h>moni\s color make "o regret all ! m ! loss ( ! o!r "p ( ?is spl5did tape/ry4 ,virg9 & ,*ild1 ,/one4 ,fr5*1 ,,xiv ,c5tury ,virg9 & ,*ild1 ,/one4 ,fr5*1 ,,xiv ,c5tury ,?is life-size /atue1 :i* /ill reta9s traces ( ! pa9t+ & gild+ ) :i* ,go?ic sculptures 7 almo/ inv>iably enri*$1 is an important example ( ,fr5* ,go?ic sculpture4 ,! monum5tal "* ( ?is great art is %[n 9 ! conv5tional r5d]+ ( ! hair1 & 9 ! simplification ( ! model+2 its grace & naturalness 9 ! pose ( ! ,div9e ,"m4 ,! beautiful1 rhy?mic l9es ( ! drap]y %\ld be p>ticul>ly not$4 ,repres5tations ( ! ,virg9 9 ,fr5* ,,xiv c5tury art h nei!r ! au/]ity ( e>li] p]iods nor ! worldl9ess ( lat]4 ,!y are *>act]iz$ by *>m+ s5sibility & t5d]ness4 ,a ,sa9t1 ,l9d5wood4 ,g]man1 ,s*ool ( ,ulm1 ab\t #aejj ,a ,sa9t1 ,l9d5wood4 ,g]man1 ,s*ool ( ,ulm1 ab\t #aejj ,?is /atue ( a holy woman1 probably "o ( ! half-si/]s ( ! ,virg91 ,m>y ,cleophas1 ! wife ( ,alpheus1 or ,m>y ,salome1 ! wife ( ,zeb$ee =m$ "p orig9ally1 x may be presum$1 ( a ,pieta gr\p4 ,?is rem>kable example ( ,g]man sculpture at ! close ( ! ,,xv c5tury is c>v$ 9 l9d5 wood1 & pres]ves l>gely intact ! orig9al gild+ & poly*romy :i* add s mu* to ! decorative effect ( ! piece4 ,a second figure f ?is gr\p1 a kneel+ ,magdal5e1 is 9 ! ,kais]-,fri$ri* ,museum 9 ,b]l94 ,!re has be5 not$ a simil>ity 9 /yle betwe5 ^! two sculptures & ! "w ( ! ,mei/] des ,blaubeur] ,ho*alt>s 7s call$ f ! sculptur$ high alt> 9 ! *oir ( ! cloi/]-*ur* at ,blaubeur574 ,we h repres5t$1 p]haps1 a late phase ( 8 art1 /rong] & m reali/ic ?an 9 8 e>ly p]iod4 ,x w\ld be mo/ int]e/+ if ! connection ) ?is well-kn[n ma/] c\ld be e/abli%$1 b1 fail+ t1 ! figure may be confid5tly attribut$ to ! s*ool ( ,ulm1 ab\t #aejj4 ,we d n expect to f9d 9 ,g]man sculpture ( ! ,,xv c5tury t spirituality :i* *>act]izes ! great a*ievem5ts ( ! ,italian s*ool4 ,g]man pla/ic art 0 "o ( realism1 modifi$ by a /rong decorative tradition c5turies old1 bas$ n only on prec$5t b on propriety4 ,if ! c>v$ alt>piece 7 to tell 9 ! subdu$ light ( ! ,go?ic *ur*1 ! arti/ _h to resort to exagg]ation1 to %>p contra/s 9 model+1 to ! add$ emphasis ( gold & color1 to secure 8 effect4 ,! skillful arti/ conv]t$ 8 exagg]ations ( =m & movem5t into beautiful decoration2 seiz$ ^u ! necessity ( contra/+ planes z a pretext = crumpl+ 8 drap]ies into num]\s rhy?mic folds1 & us$ ! res\rces ( gild+ & poly*romy to enri* z well z to emphasize =m4 ,b at 8 be/1 ! ,g]man sculptor 0 m ?an a simple decorator4 ,our /atue is a case 9 po9t4 ,"h we h ! "w ( "o :o surely has look$ into ! human he>t4 ,b5ea? ! patt]n ( l9e & area1 b5ea? ! gold & colors1 is a liv+ woman4 ,n our idea ( a sa9t p]haps2 r1 a pretty woman1 da9ty 9 h] ways1 coquett+ ) religeon--nev]!less v real4 ,our arti/ may nev] h se5 a sa9t1 b1 no d\bt1 he saw _m a maid l ?is 9 8 p>i%4 ,if we are n rais$ to spiritual heights by 8 conception ( a sa9t$ "*1 we are at lea/ delight$ by 8 *>m+ humanity4 ,/4 ,m>y ,magdal5e1 ,l9d5 ,wood4 ,attribut$ to ,jorg ,syrl9 ! ,y\ng]1 #adbe-;aft] #aeba ,/4 ,m>y ,magdal5e1 ,l9d5 ,wood4 ,attribut$ to ,jorg ,syrl9 ! ,y\ng]1 #adbe-;aft] #aeba ,?is relief1 attribut$ to a well-kn[n sculptor ( ! s*ool ( ,ulm1 "o ( ! *ief c5t]s ( ,s\? ,g]man art1 may be dat$ ab\t #aejj4 ,su* c>v+s z ?is 7 commonly us$ to ornam5t ! doors ( l>ge %r9es4 ,! decorative treatm5t ( ! drap]y1 ) its involv$ folds1 is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,g]man s*ool4 ,small ,column1 ,m>ble4 ,s\!rn ,fr5*1 ,,xiv ,c5tury ,small ,column1 ,m>ble4 ,s\!rn ,fr5*1 ,,xiv ,c5tury ,! foliage c>v$ on ! capital ( ?is small column1 probably f "s cloi/]1 exemplifies ! skill ) :i* ! ,go?ic sculptor utiliz$ natural =ms z decorative motives4 ,/4 ,francis ,receiv+ ! ,/igmata4 ,s*ool ( ,giotto1 ab\t #accj ,/4 ,francis ,receiv+ ! ,/igmata4 ,s*ool ( ,giotto1 ab\t #accj ,! supreme mom5t 9 ! life ( ,/4 ,francis1 ! s]aphic ,pov]ello ( ,assisi1 is ! subject ( ?is small panel picture1 pa9t$ 9 temp]a colors ) a gold backgr\nd1 by an arti/ ( ,giotto's s*ool 9 ! ,romagna1 :o 0 probably a direct pupil ( ! great ,italian ma/]1 & ^: *>m ( color & grace ( l9e 7 vivifi$ by a feel+ = reality ( =m inspir$ by ,giotto's example4 ,t[>d ! close ( ! ,sa9t's life1 two ye>s be=e 8 dea?1 he retir$ ) "s companions to ! solitudes ( ,monte ,la ,v]na4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! ,exaltation ( ! ,holy ,cross1 z ,/4 ,francis knelt 9 pray] on a lonely "p ( ! m\nta91 !re appe>$ to him a s]aph ) six flam+ w+s be>+ ! effigy ( ,*ri/ crucifi$4 ,two w+s 7 rais$ above ,8 head1 two 7 spread 9 flight1 & & two cov]$ ,8 body4 ,z ,/4 ,francis gaz$ ec/atically ^u ?is vision1 ! ,savior's five w\nds 7 miracul\sly impr9t$ on 8 h&s & feet & side4 ,! second figure 9 ! composition is t ( ! ,sa9t's companion1 ,bro!r ,leo1 :o by 8 alo(ness f ! dramatic action ( ! picture s]ves effectively z a foil to ! figure ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,madonna & ,*ild4 ,! ,ma/] ( ! ,/4 ,ursula ,leg5d ,madonna & ,*ild4 ,! ,ma/] ( ! ,/4 ,ursula ,leg5d ,! ,ma/] ( ! ,/4 ,ursula ,leg5d1 a ,flemi% pa9t] ( ! second half ( ! ,,xv c5tury1 d]ives 8 "n f ! fam\s alt>piece 9 ! ,conv5t ( ! ,black ,si/]s 9 ,bruges repres5t+ ! hi/ory ( ,/4 ,ursula1 a "w pa9t$ ab\t #adgj4 ,! anonym\s ma/] ( ! ,bruges alt>piece %[s to "s ext5t ! influ5ce ( ,meml+2 8 /yle1 h[ev]1 is ?or\ghly p]sonal 9 its naivete & admirable expression ( a good-natur$ temp]am5t4 ,8 "* is well se5 9 su* a pa9t+ z ours1 :]e ! ,"m is full ( mode/y1 h] face express+ a t5d]1 timid love = h] *ild1 :o does n embrace h] aft] all1 n ! mo/ natural ?+ = a baby to d1 b amuses himself ) play+ ) ! leaves ( a book :i* ! ,madonna holds4 ,! ,virg9 is a home-l1 simple type1 :olesome if n beautiful4 ,madonna & ,angels4 ,ateli] ( ,jean ,b\rdi*on1 #adeg-aeba ,madonna & ,angels4 ,ateli] ( ,jean ,b\rdi*on1 #adeg-aeba ,?is delightful ,fr5* m9iature1 or illum9at$ page1 on p>*m5t is f "s dismemb]$ ,book ( ,h\rs4 ,if n pa9t$ by ,b\rdi*on himself1 x 0 c]ta9ly done 9 8 /udio "u 8 direction4 ,! inv5tion ( pr9t+ ev5tually br\ght to a close ! beautiful art ( illum9ation1 b at ! "t ( ,b\rdi*on x fl\ri%$ 9 highe/ p]fection4 ,! ,miracul\s ,field ( ,:eat4 ,joa*im ,pat9ir & ,qu5t9 ,massys ,! ,miracul\s ,field ( ,:eat4 ,joa*im ,pat9ir & ,qu5t9 ,massys ,two lead+ arti/s ( ! ,flemi% s*ool 7 ,qu5t9 ,massys & ,joa*im ,pat9ir4 ,massys 7#adff-aecj7 began a new epo* 9 ,ne!rl&i% art2 he s]v$ z a 8connect+ l9k0 betwe5 ,jan van ,eyck & ,rub5s4 ,pat9ir 7di$ #aebd7 0 "o ( ! fir/ arti/s to emphasize ! l&scape r ?an ! figures 9 a pa9t+1 b ! "t _h n yet come :5 l&scape c\ld be pa9t$ = itself alone4 ,x 0 necess>y to relate x ) ! famili> religi\s pa9t+ ( ! day by introduc+ "s biblical or leg5d>y !me4 ,a favorite subject 0 ! flight ( ! ,holy ,family into ,egypt4 ,?is is ! subject ( our panel-pa9t+ 9 :i* ^! two great ma/]s collaborat$2 ! l&scape & ! small] figures by ,pat9ir1 ! gr\p ( ! ,holy ,family 9 ! =egr\nd by ,qu5t9 ,massys4 ,x is relat$ t ! ,holy ,family1 closely pursu$ by ,h]od's soldi]s1 *anc$ to enc\nt] by ! roadside a man s[+ :eat 9 a field4 ,! ,virg9 spoke to him1 say+ t if anyone inquir$ if !y _h pass$ he %\ld answ]1 8,su* p]sons came by :5 ,i 0 s[+ :eat02 !n by a miracle ,jesus caus$ ! :eat to spr+ up & rip5 9 "o night4 ,! next day :5 ! f>m] 0 cutt+ ! :eat1 ^? pursu+ ! ,holy ,family came up & ask$ if he _h se5 !m4 ,he repli$ z he _h be5 told1 ) ! result t ! soldi]s turn$ back1 conv9c$ t !y _h mi/ak5 ! road & t ! fugitives _h gone else:]e4 ,,r5aissance ,,art ,a ,gr\p 9 ! ,fir/ ,r5aissance ,gall]y ,a ,gr\p 9 ! ,fir/ ,r5aissance ,gall]y ,r5aissance means re-bir?4 ,:5 ! b>b>ians wrote 8f9is0 on ! page ( ,rome's anci5t /ory1 long c5turies ( t5ebr\s reorganization 7 to elapse be=e ,italy once m em]g$ into ! light ( civilization4 ,9 comp>ison ) ! %ad[y grop+s ( ?is age ( transition1 ! brilliant culture ( ! ,,xv & ,,xvi c5turies seem$ inde$ a re-bir?1 or r5aissance ( long-dep>t$ glories2 &1 z an apposite description ( ! art ( ?is p]iod1 ! ^w ,r5aissance is1 on ! :ole1 well *os54 ,r5aissance art atta9$ its mo/ complete expression 9 ,italy dur+ ! ,,xv & ,,xvi c5turies2 b ! new /yle 0 n conf9$ by any means to ,italy alone4 ,dur+ ! ,,xv c5tury1 ,r5aissance art began to spread f ,italy to o!r ,european c\ntries4 ,late ,go?ic art c\ld n )/& its bewit*m5t1 & 9 ! ,,xvi c5tury1 ,european art yield$ almo/ )\t res]ve to ! asc5dancy ( ! ,r5aissance /yle4 ,en?usiasm = antiquity & en?usiasm = nature1 x has be5 said1 are ! *ief *>act]i/ics ( ,italian ,r5aissance art4 ,:ile ?is is correct1 x is pr9cipally ! en?usiasm = antiquity t gives to r5aissance art its peculi> di/9ction2 = naturalism we f9d q z pot5t a factor 9 ! developm5t ( ,go?ic art z 9 t ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,! ,r5aissance arti/ diff]$ 9 ! ma9 f ! ,go?ic n s mu* 9 8 attitude t[>d nature z 9 ! way he record$ 8 reactions--8 /yle1 9 o!r words4 ,! ,second ,r5aissance ,gall]y ,! ,second ,r5aissance ,gall]y ,9 ! developm5t ( ! ,r5aissance /yle1 z di/+ui%$ f ! ,go?ic1 ! example ( ,graeco-,roman art play$ an important "p4 ,humanism1 ! ta/e = ! lit]ature & hi/ory ( ! anci5ts1 awak5$ ! int]e/ ( ,italian arti/s 9 ! monum5ts ( _! =gott5 pa/1 & l$ !m to seek1 9 ! surviv+ rema9s ( ,roman ar*itecture & 9 ! scanty examples ( anci5t sculpture & pa9t+ t *ance _h br\ght to light1 ! secret ( beauty4 ,! attitude ( ! ,e>ly ,r5aissance t[>d ! antique diff]$ f t ( ! ,late ,r5aissance4 ,9 ! =m] p]iod 7,,xv c5tury71 en?usiasm = ! art ( an unfamili> pa/1 romantically dream$ (1 r ?an ar*eologically recon/ruct$1 did n lead to t /]ile imitation :i* came ) wid] k & great] te*nical facility 9 ! late days ( ,r5aissance art4 ,arti/s ( ?is p]iod 7 disciples r ?an imitators4 ,gr&iose & =mal1 ! ,late ,r5aissance 7,,xvi c5tury7 lo/ ! *ild-l1 romantic en?usiasm ( ! e>li] p]iod = classical art4 ,sculptors & pa9t]s n only s\ght =ms :i* %\ld recall ! antique1 b also turn$ eag]ly to ,greek & ,roman my?ology = _! subjects4 ,z ! ,r5aissance drew to a close1 arti/s began to borr[ n only f ! antique b also f ! great ma/]s ( _! own ,gold5 ,age1 ,leon>do 7#adeb-aeai71 ,raphael 7#adhc-aebj71 ,mi*elangelo 7#adge-aefd71 ,correggio 7#adid-aecd71 & ,titian 7#adgg-aegf74 ,9 ?is futile eclecticism ! ,r5aissance came to an end4 ,madonna & ,*ild4 ,! ,ma/] ( ! ,san ,m9iato ,alt>-piece ,madonna & ,*ild4 ,! ,ma/] ( ! ,san ,m9iato ,alt>-piece ,! au?or ( ?is *>m+ panel-pa9t+ d]ives 8 "n f 8 pr9cipal "w1 a l>ge alt>piece /ill pres]v$ 9 ! little ,tuscan t[n ( ,san ,m9iato dei ,t$es*i4 ,we d n "k ! arti/'s real "n nor any?+ ( 8 life save t 8 "w1 ( :i* "s eight or n9e examples are record$1 %[s ! influ5ce ( ! great ,flor5t9e ma/]1 ,fra ,filippo ,lippi1 & ( ano!r anonym\s pa9t]1 ! s-call$ ,companion ( ,pesell9o4 ,! pa9t+ 9 our collection dates ab\t #adhj4 ,we note 9 ?is picture ! pla/ic quality :i* di/+ui%es ! "w ( ! ,flor5t9e arti/s f t ( o!r s*ools4 ,?is love ( =m is an expression ( ! same temp]am5t :i* enabl$ ,flor5ce to produce ! greate/ sculptors ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,portrait ( an ,ecclesia/ic4 ,giovanni ,batti/a ,moroni1 ca4 #aebj-aegh4 ,portrait ( an ,ecclesia/ic4 ,giovanni ,batti/a ,moroni1 ca4 #aebj-aegh4 ,a contmplative1 dignifi$ _s is admirably express$ 9 ?is beautiful portrait1 :i* goes to prove t ,moroni at 8 be/ is entitl$ to a place among ! great ,italian pa9t]s ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,moroni sp5t mo/ ( 8 life 9 ! little ,nor? ,italian t[n ( ,b]gamo1 :]e he lack$ ! /imulat+ competition t occurr$ 9 l>g] c5t]s4 ,at times1 8 "w1 mo/ly 9 ! field ( portraiture1 is commonplace1 b 9 su* pa9t+s z ! celebrat$ ,tailor1 9 ! ,national ,gall]y at ,london1 or our own ,ecclesia/ic1 we f9d an unusual p[] ( p]ception comb9$ ) ! 8measure1 di/9ction1 & cle>ness0 :i* 7 ! ,hell5i/ic ideals ( 8 g5]ation4 ,madonna & ,*ild4 ,giampietr9o1 fl4 fir/ half ( ,,xvi ,c5tury ,madonna & ,*ild4 ,giampietr9o1 fl4 fir/ half ( ,,xvi ,c5tury ,among ,leon>do's ,milanese disciples 0 ,gian ,pietro ,rizzi1 commonly kn[n z ,giampietr9o1 a def9ite arti/ic p]sonality1 b hi/orically h>dly m ?an a "n4 ,al?\gh he 0 probably n a direct pupil ( ,leon>do1 !re is ample evid5ce 9 8 "w t he came "u ! influ5ce ( ?is great ma/]1 ^: exquisitely p]fect art _h captivat$ all ( ,lomb>dy4 ,:atev] ! subject ( 8 pa9t+s1 ,giampietro's real !me is always ! beauty ( woman4 ,affection1 b nev] any great emotional feel+1 is express$ 9 8 num]\s pa9t+s ( ! ,madonna1 s9ce passion w\ld di/ort ! delicate1 ari/ocratic beauty ( ! =ms he model$ ) su* lov+ skill4 ,our pa9t+ is exhibit$ z & indef9ite loan f ,mr4 ,e4 ,j4 ,c>p5t]4 ,madonna & ,sa9ts4 ,palma il ,vec*io1 ab\t #adhj-aebh ,madonna & ,sa9ts4 ,palma il ,vec*io1 ab\t #adhj-aebh ,9 ?is important ,v5etian pa9t+ ( ! ,high ,r5aissance1 ! ,madonna & ,*ild are repres5t$ 9 a beautiful l&scape surr\nd$ by f\r sa9ts2 at ! left ,/4 ,mi*ael & ,/4 ,doro!a1 at ! "r ,/4 ,joseph 7probably7 & ,/4 ,m>y ,magdal5e4 ,su* sc5es are call$ 9 ,italian 8sante conv]sazioni10 or sacr$ conv]sations1 & 7 especially popul> 9 ,palma's "t4 ,?is arti/1 "o ( ! great ma/]s ( ! ,v5etian s*ool1 0 call$ il ,vec*io1 or ! eld]1 to di/+ui% him f 8 gr&-nephew :o 0 call$ ,palma ! y\ng]4 ,?ree p]iods ( developm5t may be not$ 9 ,palma's "w4 ,! fir/ is call$ ,bell9esque1 :5 ,palma 0 /ill influ5c$ by ,giovanni ,bell9i4 ,9 8 second p]iod1 ,giorgione's influ5ce 0 dom9ant4 ,! s-call$ blond mann] *>act]iz$ 8 ?ird p]iod4 ,! fasc9at+ l&scape ( our pa9t+ calls to m9d ! influ5ce ( ,giorgione1 b ! :olesome well-be+ t radiates f ?is goodly company ( sa9ts rem9ds "o m ( ,titian ?an ( ,giorgione4 ,palma enjoy$ ! beautiful luxuri\s ?+s ( life1 he delight$ 9 ri* amplitude ( =m1 9 spl5did gl[+ color1 9 ! heal? & sanity ( happy m5 & wom52 & to 8 vision he gave ! p]man5cy ( supreme craftsman%ip4 ,our pa9t+1 giv5 9 memory ( ,james ,s4 ,bell by 8 son1 0 =m]ly 9 ! ,rangoni ,collection ( ,mod5a4 ,/ucco ,relief4 ,work%op ( ,antonio ,rossell9o ,/ucco ,relief4 ,work%op ( ,antonio ,rossell9o ,dur+ ! ,r5aissance1 a great numb] ( *>m+ reliefs 9 /ucco & pla/] by great sculptors1 or 9 _! /yle1 7 us$ = ! decoration ( ! home or ( wayside %r9es4 ,our example1 probably f ! work%op ( ,antonio ,rossell9o 7#adbg-adgh71 is a typical example ( ^! popul> reliefs4 ,glass4 ,v5etian1 ,,xvi ,c5tury ,glass4 ,v5etian1 ,,xvi ,c5tury ,! glass factories at ,murano ne> ,v5ice 7 celebrat$ dur+ ! ,r5aissance1 z !y are today1 = _! beautiful productions4 ,! l>ge beak] %[n 9 our illu/ration is ( blui% glass4 ,! deep di% is ( :ite glass decorat$ ) color$ enamels4 ,*air4 ,flor5t9e1 ,,xvi ,c5tury ,*air4 ,flor5t9e1 ,,xvi ,c5tury ,! grotesque figures1 ! gr9n+ mask & o!r decorative motives :i* may be not$ 9 ?is elaborately c>v$ *air are *>act]i/ic ( furniture design$ 9 ! ,high ,r5aissance4 ,pomona1 ,glaz$ ,t]racotta ,/atuette4 ,giovanni ,delia ,robbia1 #adfi-aebi 787 ,pomona1 ,glaz$ ,t]racotta ,/atuette4 ,giovanni ,delia ,robbia1 #adfi-aebi 787 ,?is *>m+ /atuette ( ,pomona1 or ,dovizia1 z x has be5 sugge/$1 is ! "w ( ,giovanni della ,robbia1 a ,flor5t9e sculptor1 ! son ( ,&rea della ,robbia :o 0 ! nephew ( ,luca della ,robbia4 ,! "w ( ! della ,robbia family 9 glaz$ t]racotta is famili> to all lov]s ( ,italian art4 ,giovanni 0 ! pupil ( 8 fa!r4 ,8 e>ly works1 su* z ?is ,pomona1 %[ him at 8 be/2 9 8 lat] productions he lacks ref9em5t & indulges 9 poly*romy ) too lib]ality4 ,:5 discreetly us$1 z 9 ?is /atuette1 color enri*es ! pla/ic quality ( ! "w4 ,! goddess we>s a blue g[n ) decorations 9 gold5 yell[2 ! fruit is repres5t$ naturali/ically 9 yell[ gre5 & violet2 & ! fle% p>ts are glaz$ 9 :ite4 ,on h] head ! ,goddess c>ries a basket fill$ ) fruit1 & 9 h] left h& a brimm+ cornucopia4 ,a little boy1 ) *>m+ naturalness1 turns to h] = protection z if afraid ( ! dog b>k+ at him4 ,c&le/ick1 ,wood1 ,c>v$ & ,gild$4 ,flor5t9e1 ,,xvi ,c5tury ,c&le/ick1 ,wood1 ,c>v$ & ,gild$4 ,flor5t9e1 ,,xvi ,c5tury ,vas>i & a writ] ( ! ,,xvii c5tury m5tion a /atue by ,donatello ( ,la ,dovizia1 :i* /ood 9 ! ,m]cato ,vec*io 9 ,flor5ce4 ,?is /atue is describ$ z repres5t+ a maid5 be>+ on h] head a basket ( fruit4 ,! /atue is lo/1 b two exi/+ /atuettes ( ! della ,robbia s*ool1 9 addition to our own 7bo? inf]ior to ours71 are probably reflections ( ! ,donatello ,dovizia4 ,9 "o1 9 ! ,buon>otti ,museum1 we see a maid5 support+ on h] head1 ) h] "r h&1 a basket fill$ ) fl[]s & fruit4 ,a simil> /atuette 9 ! ,b]l9 ,museum c>ries a cornucopia z well z a basket4 ,bo? are call$ ,pomona4 ,! cornucopia1 h[ev]1 is ! classic attribute ( ,c]es & ( ,abundantia1 or1 9 ?is case1 ,dovizia1 ! ,italian v]sion ( ,abundantia4 ,t our /atuette is int5d$ z a p]sonification ( ri*es or abundance r ?an z ,pomona becomes yet cle>] :5 we exam9e ! inscription on ! base3 ,,gloria ,,et ,,divitie ,,9 ,,domo ,,tua1 8,may ,honor & ,ri*es ,be ,)9 ,?y ,h\se40 ,! boy & dog give a t\* ( dome/icity to ! gr\p4 ,!y express 8)9 ?y h\se10 reveal+ ,dovizia z a h\sehold goddess4 ,virgil ,appe>+ to ,dante1 ,tape/ry4 ,flor5t9e1 ,middle ( ,,xvi ,c5tury ,virgil ,appe>+ to ,dante1 ,tape/ry4 ,flor5t9e1 ,middle ( ,,xvi ,c5tury ,^! two tape/ries 9 ! ,*>les ,jairus ,m>t9 ,memorial ,collection are rem>kably f9e examples ( ,r5aissance tape/ry weav+ 9 ,italy & ,fl&]s dur+ ! ,,xvi c5tury4 ,! ,dante tape/ry 0 wov5 ab\t ! middle ( ! c5tury 9 ,flor5ce at ! ,m$ici ateli]--! ,arazz]ia-,m$ici--f\nd$ by ,cosimo ,i 9 #aecg4 ,x be>s 9 ! selvage ! m>k ( ! ,flor5t9e manufactory & ( ! ma/] weav]1 ,john ,ro/1 :o ) ano!r ,flem+1 ,ni*olas ,k>*]1 conduct$ 7f #aedf7 ! "w ( ! ,arazz]ia4 ,8 m>k1 9 ! l[] left-h& corn] ( ! tape/ry1 is a punn+ device1 a roa/ ( meat ^u a spit4 ,! tape/ry 0 wov5 = "s memb] ( ! ,salviati family1 ^: arms appe> 9 ! upp] bord]4 ,! design has be5 attribut$ on evid5ce ( /yle to ,francesco ,rossi de' ,salviati 7#aeaj-aefc71 :o1 ) ,bronz9o & o!r well-kn[n arti/s ( ! ,high ,r5aissance1 provid$ _m c>toons = ! ,m$ici weav]s4 ,! sc5e repres5t$ is tak5 f ! op5+ canto ( ,dante's ,div9e ,com$y2 ,virgil1 ! type ( ,human ,philosophy1 s5t to guide ! poet ?r\gh ,hell & ,purgatory1 appe>s to ,dante :o has lo/ 8 way 9 8! wood ( error10 :]e he is m5ac$ by ?ree symbolical animals1 ! pan!r1 ! lion & ! %e-wolf1 :o w\ld prev5t him f asc5d+ ! 8,holy ,hill40 ,! bord] designs 9 ! grotesque /yle are p>ticul>ly int]e/+ & typical ( ,r5aissance ornam5t4 ,! tape/ry is unusually l>ge1 measur+ #af ft4 #g 94 9 height by #ae ft4 #d 94 9 wid?4 ,italian tape/ries ( ! ,high ,r5aissance are n common2 ! ,dante tape/ry1 =m]ly 9 ! ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan ,collection1 is f> & away ! mo/ important example ( its k9d 9 ! c\ntry4 ,joseph ,rul] ,ov] ,egypt1 ,tape/ry4 ,brussels1 ,second ,qu>t] ( ,,xvi ,c5tury ,joseph ,rul] ,ov] ,egypt1 ,tape/ry4 ,brussels1 ,second ,qu>t] ( ,,xvi ,c5tury ,! extraord9>y success :i* att5d$ ! weav+ at ,brussels 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! ,,xvi c5tury ( ! tape/ries f ,raphael's fam\s c>toons br\ght ! ,italian ,r5aissance /yle into great favor among ! tape/ry weav]s ( ,fl&]s4 ,evid5ce ( ?is is cle> 9 our tape/ry f a set illu/rat+ ! hi/ory ( ,joseph4 ,beh9d ! seat$ woman 9 ! =egr\nd /&s a lady 9 ! ri* co/ume ( ! ,,xvi c5tury2 x is n improbable t ?is is ! portrait ( "s noblewoman at ^: exp5se ! tape/ries 7 wov54 ,9 ! l[] left-h& corn] ( ! bord] occurs ! ,brussels m>k1 a r$ %ield ) a capital lett] 8,b0 on ei!r side4 ,f #aebh on1 ! ,brussels weav]s 7 requir$ by law to add ! m>k ( ! city1 toge!r ) _! own m>k1 to all tape/ries ( m ?an six ells4 ,! weav]'s monogram1 at ! "r 9 ! l[] bord] ( our tape/ry1 z n yet be5 id5tifi$4 ,! tape/ry dates f ab\t ! second qu>t] ( ! ,,xvi c5tury4 ,x 0 =m]ly 9 ! ,rospigliosi & ,ff\lke ,collections4 ,lect]n1 ,walnut4 ,italian1 ,umbrian1 ,,xvi ,c5tury ,lect]n1 ,walnut4 ,italian1 ,umbrian1 ,,xvi ,c5tury ,! ar*itectural design ( ?is l>ge lect]n is typical ( ,italian ,r5aissance furniture1 z is also ! use ( su* classical decorative motives z ! egg-&-d>t patt]n1 rosettes1 swags1 etc4 ,! lect]n1 f "s ,umbrian *ur*1 s]v$ to support ! l>ge *oir-books1 (t5times beautifully illum9at$1 t 7 9 use dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,cassone1 ) ,gild$ ,decoration4 ,flor5t9e1 ,?ird ,qu>t] ( ,,xv ,c5tury ,cassone1 ) ,gild$ ,decoration4 ,flor5t9e1 ,?ird ,qu>t] ( ,,xv ,c5tury ,ri*ly ornam5t$ cassoni to hold ! bridal tr\sseau con/itute an important class ( ,r5aissance furniture4 ,! two m>riage *e/s1 illu/rat$ on ?is page1 are magnific5t examples ( ?is type ( furniture4 ,! ,flor5t9e cassone is ornam5t$ ) gild$1 l[ reliefs 9 8pa/ille40 ,9 ! c5t] are ! f\r c>d9al virtues1 ,temp]ance1 ,ju/ice1 ,=titude & ,prud5ce2 on ei!r side ( ?is gr\p1 my?ological sc5es t may be tak5 9 connection ) ! virtues z repres5t+ ! opposition betwe5 ! ord]$ ,*ri/ian life & pagan lic5se4 ,! ,m$usa heads are introduc$ z gu>dians aga9/ mis=tune4 ,?is comb9ation ( pagan & ,*ri/ian elem5ts is ?or\ghly *>act]i/ic ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,! beautifully c>v$ walnut cassone 0 made 9 #aead = a m>riage :i* unit$ two ,si5ese families1 ! ,piccolom9i & ! del ,golia4 ,9 its ref9em5t ( proportions & skilful execution ?is cassone is a ma/]piece ( furniture design+4 ,cassone1 ,c>v$ ,walnut4 ,si5ese1 #aead ,cassone1 ,c>v$ ,walnut4 ,si5ese1 #aead ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury ,,art ,*air1 ,portuguese4 ,,xvii ,c5tury ,*air1 ,portuguese4 ,,xvii ,c5tury ,! ,,xvii c5tury is an age ( opposites4 ,democracy is contra/$ ) absolutism2 ! newly won ,dut* ,republic ) ! mon>*ies ( ,spa9 & ,france4 ,*ri/5dom is divid$ betwe5 ! antagoni/ic sects ( ,ca?olicism & ,prote/antism4 ,! ,c\nt]-,re=mation1 at fir/ mi/ru/ful ( ! arti/1 n[ makes use ( art to fur!r ! ,ca?olic reaction4 ,b religi\s art itself1 exclusively ,ca?olic1 is animat$ by v>y+ emotions :i* f9d expression1 on ! "o h&1 9 ! passionate1 morbid f]vor ( ,rib]a 7#aehh-afef72 on ! o!r1 9 ! easy-go+ rhetoric & corpul5t heal?9ess ( ,rub5s 7#aegg-afdj74 ,9 secul> art we f9d equally /rik+ contra/s2 ! p5dulum sw+s f ! ari/ocratic ref9em5t ( ,van ,dyck 7#aeii-afda7 to ! vulg>ity ( ,br\w] 7#afjf-afch74 ,x seems incr$ible t two su* great arti/s z ,rembr&t 7#afjg-affi7 & ,velasquez 7#aeii-affj7 %\ld h be5 contempor>ies3 ,velasquez1 res]v$1 pr\d1 ! embodim5t ( ,spani% c\rtl9ess2 ,rembr&t1 emotional1 democratic1 und]/&+ & sympa?iz+ ) all mank9d4 ,b ! contra/ is no great] ?an betwe5 ! popul> art t fl\ri%$ 9 ! ,ne!rl&s "u a free p1 & ! mon>*ical art1 ) its academies1 c\rt pa9t]s1 sculptors1 ar*itects1 tape/ry weav]s & cab9et mak]s1 t revolv$ ar\nd ! awesome p]son ( le gr& mon>que1 ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,ar*itecture1 sculpture & ! m9or arts display m uni=mity ( /yle ?an ! pa9t+s ( ! p]iod4 ,dep5d5t l>gely ^u ! ,*ur* or ^u an opul5t ari/ocracy = patronage1 !y reflect ! ta/e = gr&iloqu5ce1 o/5tation & spl5did %[ :i* *>act]iz$1 9 ?is c5tury1 ecclesia/ic & noble alike4 ,! classic ord]s t[] & wri! on *ur* facade & palace walls4 ,)91 :]e all is respl5d5t ) gold & ri* colors1 magnific5ce pays its lavi% homage to deity or to royalty 9 equal measure4 ,h5ry ,hyde1 ,"l ,cl>5don4 ,sir ,pet] ,lely1 #afah-afhj ,h5ry ,hyde1 ,"l ,cl>5don4 ,sir ,pet] ,lely1 #afah-afhj ,engli% pa9t+ be=e ! ,,xviii c5tury 0 l>gely dom9at$ by =eign arti/s3 ,holbe9 9 ! ,,xvi c5tury2 ,van ,dyck 9 ! fir/ half ( ! ,,xvii c5tury2 &1 9 ! second half1 ! ,dut*man1 ,sir ,pet] ,lely1 :o came to ,engl& 9 #afda & spe$ily won great reputation z a portrait pa9t]1 imitat+ ! /yle ( ,van ,dyck :o _h j di$4 ,lely's "w is di/+ui%$ by _m excell5t qualities1 al?\gh m>r$ by ! pomp\s artificiality ( 8 "t4 ,he is at 8 be/ 9 su* a portrait z ?is1 pa9t$ %ortly aft] 8 arrival 9 ,engl&1 ( ! second ,e>l ( ,cl>5don 7#afch-agji7 z a boy4 ,! ,conc]t4 ,mi*iel van ,muss*]1 #afde-agje ,! ,conc]t4 ,mi*iel van ,muss*]1 #afde-agje ,?is int]e/+ g5re sc5e is by a ,dut* pa9t] ( ! late ,,xvii c5tury1 a p]iod :5 art1 t _h be5 democratic ) ,rembr&t & ,frans ,hals1 n[ assum$1 "u ! patronage ( weal?y p>v5us a pret5ti\s g5tility 9 :i* ! accessories ( life 7 m important ?an life itself4 ,van ,muss*] enjoy$ consid]able popul>ity 9 8 "t2 he pa9t$ ) meticul\s c>e flatt]+ portraits & pretty g5re subjects2 he 0 m9dful ( ea* %9+ pe>l & gild$ tassel1 sat9 fold & silk5 curta9--n a detail escap$ 8 devot$ eye2 b1 7 x n = a c]ta9 di/9ction :i* he _h z a colori/ & compos] 8 pa9t+s w\ld h little importance today1 save z records ( co/ume & h\sehold ge>4 ,portrait ( a ,lady4 ,mi*iel ,mi]evelt1 #aefg-afda ,portrait ( a ,lady4 ,mi*iel ,mi]evelt1 #aefg-afda ,mi]evelt1 a well-kn[n portrait pa9t] ( ! ,dut* s*ool1 liv$ pr9cipally at ,delft1 al?\gh occasionally resid+ at ,! ,hague4 ,he 0 c\rt pa9t] to ! ,h\se ( ,orange1 & l o!rs ( 8 k9d1 evid5tly enjoy$ depict+ ! elegant co/umes & accessories ( 8 ari/ocratic sitt]s4 ,mi]evelt diff]s widely f 8 y\ng] & great] contempor>y1 ,frans ,hals1 bo? 9 te*nique & 9 s5tim5t4 ,mi]evelt's /yle recalls ! c\rtly elegance ( ! ,r5aissance--:i* "o might expect1 s9ce he 0 born well 9 ! ,,xvi c5tury2 :]eas ,frans ,hals1 /rik+ out along new l9es1 repres5ts ! new _s ( democracy :i* inspir$ ! long /ruggle 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries to w9 political & religi\s indep5d5ce4 ,! portrait1 illu/rat$ above1 is dat$ #afcj4 ,tape/ry1 ,hunt+ ,sc5es4 ,flemi%1 ab\t #afjj ,tape/ry1 ,hunt+ ,sc5es4 ,flemi%1 ab\t #afjj ,9 ! backgr\nd ( ?is 8hunt+ tape/ry10 f ! ,l[ry ,memorial ,gift1 is illu/rat$ ! /ory ( ,diana & ,acteon2 ! ra% huntsman is turn$ into a /ag by ! outrag$ ,goddess4 ,9 its design ! tape/ry is m ,r5aissance 9 feel+ ?an ,b>oque1 b ! cr[d$ ord9ance ( ! composition betrays its late date4 ,! c>v+ on ! *e/ bel[ %[s v>i\s typical motives ( ! ,jacobean /yle4 ,*e/1 ,oak4 ,engli%1 ,,xvii ,c5tury ,*e/1 ,oak4 ,engli%1 ,,xvii ,c5tury ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury ,,art ,art ( ! ,,xviii c5tury diff]s radically f t ( ! prec$+ c5tury4 ,x is graceful1 elegant & coquetti% r ?an pond]\s1 maje/ic & passionate4 ,=gott5 is ! f]v5t piety ( ! ,c\nt]-,re=mation & ! oppressive gr&eur ( le ,roi ,soleil4 ,life is joyful1 to be liv$ 9 luxuri\s b\doirs1 exquisite 9 ref9em5t ( decoration1 or 9 pretty g>d5s :]e ,nature1 prop]ly disguis$1 welcomes ari/ocratic %eph]ds & %eph]desses to h] pa/oral delights4 ,! *ang$ political & social conditions ( ! ,,xviii c5tury _h _! imm$iate effect 9 ! _w ( art4 ,except 9 ,engl&--relatively democratic z comp>$ ) ,france & o!r cont95tal c\ntries--art 0 almo/ exclusively ari/ocratic1 & mirror$ ! self-indulg5t int]e/s ( fa%ionable patrons4 ,ev5 9 ,engl&1 :]e ,hog>? moraliz$ = ! b\rgeoisie1 & ! /urdy l9eam5ts ( ! common] 7 portray$ by a ,reynolds or ,ga9sbor\gh no less frequ5tly1 & tru?fully1 ?an ! high-br$ mi5 ( a great nobleman1 arti/ic concessions to ! ,?ird ,e/ate 7 di/9ctly limit$4 ,x 0 9 c\rtly ,france1 soon to be rack$ by social revolution1 t ! epicurean art ( ! ,,xviii c5tury 0 mo/ at home4 ,:5 we "n ,watteau1 ,b\*]1 ,fragon>d1 ,clodion1 ,h\don1 we sum up1 p]haps1 all t is mo/ *>act]i/ic ( pa9t+ & sculpture 9 ,,xviii c5tury art4 ,! portrait pa9t]s ( ,engl& contribute to ! c5tury ! me$ ( _! greatness2 ,italy ga9s lu/re ?r\gh ,tiepolo2 ,spa9 ?r\gh ,goya2 b x is to ,france t we turn to exp]i5ce 9 its complet5ess ! _s ( ! ,rococo4 ,9 ! 8c5tury ( little ?+s0 ! m9or arts atta9$ an exceptional importance4 ,artisans rank$ z arti/s1 & ju/ly4 ,among ! di/+ui%$ arti/s ( ! ,,xviii c5tury mu/ be includ$ su* great craftsm5 z ,*ipp5dale1 ,%]aton1 ,hepple:ite1 ,oeb51 ,ries5]1 ,g\?i]e1 & ,caffi]i--to make b a brief selection f among ! num]\s ,engli% & ,fr5* cab9et-mak]s1 metal *as]s1 & o!r craftsm5 ( ! p]iod4 ,! productions ( ^! celebrat$ artisans 7 rightly look$ ^u z works ( creative art ( a high ord]1 & ! mak]s 7 accord$ ! patronage & protection ( royalty & nobility4 ,9 te*nical p]fection ! ,,xviii c5tury crafts h nev] be5 surpass$4 ,b too great pr(ici5cy l$ sometimes to arti/ic disa/]1 z we may note 9 tape/ries imitat+ ! difficulties ( inappropriate pictorial models1 or 9 ! florid c>v+ sometimes indulg$ 9 by ! cab9et-mak]s--ev5 ! celebrat$ ,*ipp5dale1 if ! tru? be told4 ,^! occasional deviations f ! pa? ( arti/ic rectitude mu/ n mislead u1 h[ev]1 f a j appreciation ( ! extraord9>y m]its ( ,,xviii c5tury decorative art4 ,head ( an ,old ,man4 ,giovanni ,dom5ico ,tiepolo1 #agbg-ahjd ,head ( an ,old ,man4 ,giovanni ,dom5ico ,tiepolo1 #agbg-ahjd ,! "w ( ,dom5ico ,tiepolo1 ! son ( ,gian ,batti/a ,teipolo1 ! head ( ! ,v5etian s*ool ( ! ,,xviii c5tury & ! la/ ( ! great ,italian pa9t]s4 ,9 ! p]iod ( exhau/ion :i* foll[$ ! ,r5aissance1 ! ,v5etian s*ool alone 0 bless$ ) g5ius4 ,! li/ ( pa9t]s is inde$ impressive :5 comp>$ ) ! non5tities ( ! o!r ,italian s*ools ( ! ,,xviii c5tury4 ,al?\gh ,dom5ico did n display ! same great g5ius z 8 fa!r1 at 8 be/ he approa*$ ,giambatti/a s closely t 8 works h (t5 be5 confus$4 ,dom5ico is kn[n z an et*] z well z a pa9t]4 ,9 8 set ( "* heads1 call$ ! 8,raccolta di te/e01 !re is an et*+ reproduc+ ! above portrait4 ,portrait ( ,james ,w>d4 ,gilb]t ,/u>t1 #agee-ahbh ,portrait ( ,james ,w>d4 ,gilb]t ,/u>t1 #agee-ahbh ,gilb]t ,/u>t 0 typical ( 8 "t & c\ntry 9 t 8 art 0 n national b d]iv$ f ,engl&1 :]e he receiv$ mo/ ( 8 tra9+4 ,8 ma/]ful expression ( p]sonality1 8 brilliant bru%-"w & treatm5t ( light1 p]mit him to be class$ among ! mo/ gift$ arti/s ( 8 age z ! fir/ truly great ,am]ican arti/4 ,! ,portrait ( ,ma/] ,w>d1 pa9t$ 9 #aghi1 & "o ( ! v few sign$ works ( ! arti/1 0 exhibit$ at ! ,royal ,academy 9 ! ye> 9 :i* x 0 pa9t$4 ,x is consid]$ by em95t critics ! mo/ beautiful ( ,/u>t's pa9t+s 9 ,am]ican collections4 ,?is graceful lad1 portray$ fondl+ 8 dog1 aft]w>ds became fam\s z an engrav] ( animal subjects4 ,dea? on ! ,pale ,horse4 ,b5jam9 ,we/1 #agch-ahbj ,dea? on ! ,pale ,horse4 ,b5jam9 ,we/1 #agch-ahbj ,9 its e>ly days1 ,am]ican pa9t+ 0 d]iv$ f ,europe & especially f ! "m c\ntry1 ,engl&4 ,! e>ly ,,xviii c5tury portraits ( prom95t ,colonials & _! families1 ?\gh valuable z hi/orical docum5ts & n )\t a naive *>m1 are halt+ & prov9cial z works ( art4 ,! fir/ ,am]ican pa9t] to w9 a widely recogniz$ position 9 ! _w ( art 0 ,b5jam9 ,we/4 ,9 8 tw5ty-second ye> he w5t to /udy 9 ,rome1 :]e he work$ = sev]al ye>s 9 ! 8gr& mann]40 ,mov+ to ,engl& 9 #agfh1 he won favor at once1 0 appo9t$ hi/orical pa9t] to ! ,k+ 9 #aggb1 & tw5ty ye>s lat]1 on ! dea? ( ,reynolds1 0 elect$ presid5t ( ! ,royal ,academy4 ,! ,in/itute's pa9t+1 ,dea? on ! ,pale ,horse1 is a /udy = 8 gr&iose canvas 9 ! ,p5nsylvania ,academy4 ,:5 x 0 fir/ exhibit$1 ! arti/ 0 acclaim$ a second ,mi*elangelo4 ,x is pa9t$ mo/ly 9 subdu$ bronze & dull r$ tones1 & %[s ,dea? z a spl5did y\? seat$ ^u a :ite horse1 *>g+ out ( ! sky at ! head ( a troop ( h]oic horsem54 ,bel[ him cr[ds ( t]rifi$ human be+s are flee+ be=e ! vision1 idols fall1 & wild bea/s sn>l & c[]4 ,! subject is tak5 f ,revelation ,,vi1 #h3 8,& ,i look$ & beheld a pale horse & 8 "n t sat on him 0 ,dea?1 & ,hell foll[$ ) him4 ,& p[] 0 giv5 unto !m ov] ! f\r? "p ( ! e>?1 to kill ) sword1 & ) hung]1 & ) dea?1 & ) ! bea/s ( ! e>?40 ,l>ge ,embroid]$ ,hang+4 ,fr5*1 ,e>ly ,,xviii ,c5tury ,subject1 ,spr+3 f a set repres5t+ ! ,f\r ,seasons1 9 memory ( ,mrs4 ,?omas ,l[ry by ,mrs4 ,gu/av ,s*wyz]1 ,mrs4 ,p]cy ,hag]man & ,horace ,l[ry ,l>ge ,embroid]$ ,hang+4 ,fr5*1 ,e>ly ,,xviii ,c5tury ,subject1 ,spr+3 f a set repres5t+ ! ,f\r ,seasons1 9 memory ( ,mrs4 ,?omas ,l[ry by ,mrs4 ,gu/av ,s*wyz]1 ,mrs4 ,p]cy ,hag]man & ,horace ,l[ry ,ne$lepo9t1 ,reticello4 ,italian1 ,e>ly ,,xvii ,c5tury ,ne$lepo9t1 ,reticello4 ,italian1 ,e>ly ,,xvii ,c5tury ,! piece ( reticello lace1 illu/rat$ above1 is an unusually f9e example ( e>ly ,italian ne$lepo9t4 ,reticello 0 ! fir/ ne$lepo9t1 & f x all ! lat] ones 7 d]iv$4 ,long po9ts1 su* z we see "h1 7 mu* us$ on coll>s & cuffs 9 ! ,,xvii c5tury4 ,( o!r ,italian laces 9 ! collection may be not$ a l>ge panel ( ,milanese bobb9 lace ( ! late ,,xvii or e>ly ,,xviii c5tury1 a f9e piece ( beautiful ,v5etian rosepo9t ( ! ,,xviii c5tury1 & examples ( ,burano & gr\nd$ ,v5etian lace ( ! same p]iod4 ,fr5* laces ( ! ,,xviii c5tury are repres5t$ by *>act]i/ic examples ( ,po9t d',al5con & ,po9t d',arg5tan ne$lepo9t & ( old ,val5ci5nes bobb9 lace4 ,flemi% laces may be /udi$ 9 typical examples ( ,me*l91 ,po9t d',anglet]re1 ,application1 etc4 ,^! exquisite fabrics ( ,france & ,fl&]s h nev] be5 surpass$ 9 beauty ( design & skilful workman%ip4 ,! delicate me%es seem at times almo/ miracul\s--z if !y ow$ _! orig9 to ,jack ,fro/ r ?an to human h&s4 ,to %[ ! f95ess ( ! ?read us$ 9 mak+ ! *>act]i/ic hexagonal me% ( ,po9t d',arg5tan1 x may be /at$ t on an av]age "o side ( ! hexagon measures only #a-af ( an in*4 ,on ea* ( ^! sides !re are usually #aj /it*es4 ,?is makes #afj /it*es to ! in*--:i* means m1 p]haps1 :5 we realize t 9 ! f9e/ ma*9e sew+ !re are usually #cb /it*es to ! in*4 ,! collection also includes ,,xix c5tury & mod]n examples ( ,belgian1 ,engli% & ,am]ican lace4 ,lace1 ,ne$lepo9t1 ,po9t d',arg5tan1 ,fr5*1 ,,xviii ,c5tury ,lace1 ,ne$lepo9t1 ,po9t d',al5con1 ,fr5*1 ,,xviii ,c5tury ,lace1 ,ne$lepo9t1 ,rosepo9t1 ,v5etian1 ,e>ly ,,xviii ,c5tury ,bobb9 ,lace1 ,po9t d',anglet]re1 ,flemi%1 ,,xviii ,c5tury ,lace1 ,ne$lepo9t1 ,po9t d',arg5tan1 ,fr5*1 ,,xviii ,c5tury ,lace1 ,ne$lepo9t1 ,po9t d',al5con1 ,fr5*1 ,,xviii ,c5tury ,lace1 ,ne$lepo9t1 ,rosepo9t1 ,v5etian1 ,e>ly ,,xviii ,c5tury ,bobb9 ,lace1 ,po9t d',anglet]re1 ,flemi%1 ,,xviii ,c5tury ,*air1 ,pe>wood ,v5etian4 ,e>ly ,,xviii ,c5tury ,*air1 ,pe>wood ,v5etian4 ,e>ly ,,xviii ,c5tury ,! hectic magnific5ce ( life 9 ,,xviii c5tury ,v5ice f9ds its reflection1 naturally en\gh1 9 ! decorative arts ( ! "t4 ,furniture less ornate ?an ! lavi%ly c>v$ *air illu/rat$ on ?is page w\ld h seem$ out ( place 9 ! great gild$ salons :]e human peacocks /rutt$ 9 ! brav]y ( brocade & ru/l+ silk4 ,z a g5]al rule1 ,italian furniture ( ! ,rococo ,age is easily recogniz$ by its prodigal indulg5ce 9 ! spices1 s to speak1 ( furniture design+4 ,r>ely is a piece ( ,italian furniture ( ! elaborate "* ( ?is pe>wood *air s successful 9 comb9+ an almo/ excessive ri*ness ( c>v+ ) a f9e feel+ = proportions & h>moni\s ensemble4 ,inde$1 x is n impossible t ! *air is ! "w ( a cab9et mak] :o may h come f ,france to ,v5ice 9 ! suite ( "s great nobleman4 ,( ! ma/] craftsm5 ( ,engl& 9 ! ,,xviii c5tury none has a*iev$ great] r5[n ?an ,?omas ,*ipp5dale 7#agji-aggi74 ,?r\gh ! publication ( 8 book ( furniture designs 9 #aged 7lat] editions 9 #agei & #agfb7 z well z by ! example ( 8 own cab9et "w1 he ex]t$ a widespread influ5ce4 ,8 v>i\s /yles 7 imitat$ n only 9 ,engl&1 b also 9 ! ,am]ican colonies4 ,consequ5tly1 n e 8,*ipp5dale0 piece is f ! ma/]'s h&s2 on ! contr>y1 well au!nticat$ furniture by ,*ipp5dale himself1 or by 8 own workm51 are great r>ities4 ,x is cu/om>y1 h[ev]1 to designate z 8,*ipp5dale0 ! "w ( 8 contempor>ies & imitators :o copi$ ! /yles :i* ! ma/] _h popul>iz$4 ,tripod ,table ) ,top ,tilt$ ,back ,tripod ,table ) ,top ,tilt$ ,back ,tripod ,table1 ,mahogany1 ,engli%1 ab\t #agfj-agfe ,tripod ,table1 ,mahogany1 ,engli%1 ab\t #agfj-agfe ,! tripod table 0 p]haps ! mo/ important a*ievem5t ( ,?omas ,*ipp5dale z innovator1 = x 0 8 exclusive creation4 ,! tripod table 9 our collection 0 made approximately betwe5 #agfj & #agfe4 ,! quality ( ! c>v+ is s excell5t1 ! s5se ( /yle s m>k$1 t1 if n by ,*ipp5dale himself1 ! table is surely ! "w ( a cab9et mak] :o closely rival$ ! fam\s ma/]4 ,tripod tables are commonly ref]r$ to 9 docum5ts ( ! p]iod z 8snap tables40 ,! top is h+$ s t x c be tilt$ back to save space4 ,:5 9 use x is held 9 place by a slid+ cat*1 :i* snaps %>ply into position :5 ! top is let d[n4 ,c>d ,table1 ,mahogany ,engli% or ,am]ican1 ab\t #agej-agge ,c>d ,table1 ,mahogany ,engli% or ,am]ican1 ab\t #agej-agge ,c>d play+1 (t5 = high /akes1 0 s mu* ! rage 9 ! ,,xviii c5tury t !re 7 g5]ally sev]al c>d tables 9 a fa%ionable h\se ( ! p]iod4 ,! fold+ c>d table1 "h reproduc$1 dates ab\t #agej-agge & 0 possibly made 9 ,am]ica r ?an 9 ,engl&4 ,*>act]i/ic ( ! ,*ipp5dale mann] are ! cabriole legs & ! /yle ( ! relief c>v+4 ,"o ( ! legs sw+s outw>d to support ! h+$ half ( ! top :5 op52 ! r\nd$ corn]s ( ! top s]v$ z c&le /&s4 ,note ! f9e c>v+ ( ! m\ld$ rim ) its foliat$ scallop %ells4 ,! flut$ %aft & ! cabriole legs ) ball-&-claw feet are well proportion$4 ,dress+-table1 ,mahogany4 ,am]ican1 ab\t #agfj-agge ,dress+-table1 ,mahogany4 ,am]ican1 ab\t #agfj-agge ,! dress+-table1 or l[-boy1 illu/rat$ above1 is a f9e example ( ! m elaborate cab9et "w done 9 ?is c\ntry dur+ ! ,,xviii c5tury4 ,x dates f ab\t #agfj to #agge1 & 0 probably made 9 ,philadelphia4 ,9 a dress+-table v simil> to ours !re has be5 f\nd ! adv]tisem5t ( ! mak]1 8,william ,sav]y1 at ! ,sign ( ! ,*air ne> ! ,m>ket on ,second ,/reet1 ,philadelphia40 ,! small gr\p ( exi/+ furniture to :i* our piece belongs includes "s ( ! f9e/ examples ( ,am]ican furniture4 ,l[-boys & high-boys2 t is1 dress+-tables & high *e/s ( draw]s on legs1 w\ld appe> g5]ally to h be5 made 9 pairs4 ,! companion piece to our l[boy has be5 lo/ sight (1 b ! type is well kn[n4 ,! l[] "p w\ld h be5 ab\t ! same 9 design z ! dress+-table2 ! *e/ ( draw]s1 :i* x support$1 complet$ by a scroll top4 ,! high *e/ ( draw]s enjoy$ a long cont9u$ popul>ity 9 ,am]ica4 ,! type j describ$1 despite its ,*ipp5dale motifs1 0 di/9ctly ,am]ican4 ,! expressions1 high-boy & l[-boy1 are n f\nd 9 ! old records2 !y probably orig9at$ lat] 9 d]ision1 :5 ! *e/ ( draw]s & its accompany+ table seem$ grotesquely out ( fa%ion4 ,l>ge ,flip ,glass & ,two ,liquor ,bottles4 ,/iegel ,glass1 ,am]ican1 ,,xviii ,c5tury4 ,l>ge ,flip ,glass & ,two ,liquor ,bottles4 ,/iegel ,glass1 ,am]ican1 ,,xviii ,c5tury4 ,we take glass s mu* = grant$ today t x is difficult = u to realize h[ r>e & preci\s a commodity x 0 to ! fir/ settl]s ( ?is c\ntry4 ,x is significant t ! fir/ attempt to e/abli% a manufactur+ indu/ry 9 ! ,am]ican colonies 0 ! build+ & equipp+ ( a glass h\se4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! ,,xviii c5tury1 glass began to be manufactur$ ^u an ext5sive scale4 ,! ,/iegel ,glass ,works1 ! second successful glass factory1 & ! be/ kn[n ( ! e>ly ,am]ican works1 comm5c$ op]ations at ,manheim1 ,pa41 9 #agfe4 8,b>on0 ,/iegel--8 title 0 a c\rtesy "o--0 born 9 ,g]many1 at ,cologne1 9 #agbi2 came to ,philadelphia 9 #agej2 m>ri$ ! daught] ( a ri* iron ma/]2 & 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 laun*$ 8 ambiti\s project = ! e/abli%m5t ( a glass manufactory t w\ld compete successfully ) ! ,european glass c5t]s = ! ,am]ican m>ket4 ,! ,colonies 7 !n go+ ?r\gh a p]iod ( economic /ress t 0 soon to lead to ! ,revolution4 ,unable or unwill+ to read ! signs ( ! "t aright1 ,/iegel spe$ily met ) f9ancial emb>rassm5t1 fail$ 9 #aggd1 & 0 ev5 imprison$ = debt4 ,! victim ( 8 own vanity1 or r self-confid5ce1 ?is e>ly ,am]ican capta9 ( indu/ry di$ 9 de/itution1 ,janu>y #aj1 #aghe4 ,8 factory1 ma9ta9$ = a :ile aft] is failure1 0 n op]at$ aft] #aghj4 ,! ?ree pieces ( glass illu/rat$ above are typical ( ! :ite fl9t glass ) engrav$ designs made at ! ,/iegel works4 ,! manufactory 0 also r5[n$ = its color$ fl9t glass1 & = glass ) enamel$ decoration4 ,,! ,,second ,,floor ,le ,beurre1 by ,ovide ,y5esse4 ,le ,beurre1 by ,ovide ,y5esse4 ,,mod]n ,,am]ican ,,pa9t+s ,! ,am]ican pa9t]s ( ! ,colonial p]iod & ( ! fir/ fifty ye>s foll[+ ! ,revolution 7 foll[$ by a gr\p ( l&scape pa9t]s1 kn[n z ! ,hudson ,riv] s*ool1 :o 7 m indig5\s & orig9al ?an _! pr$ecessors4 ,^! m5 en?usia/ically transcrib$ ! sc5]y ( _! native ,am]ica1 especially ! ,catskill ,m\nta9s & ! valley ( ! ,hudson4 ,) ,george ,inness began :at might be call$ ! middle s*ool ( ,am]ican l&scape1 :i* came to be "o ( ! mo/ important contributions t ,am]ica has made to pa9t+4 ,inness disc>d$ ! humble lit]alism ( ,k5sett & ! gr&iloqu5ce ( ,bi]/adt4 ,l 8 contempor>ies at ,b>bizon1 he pref]r$ m intimate subjects1 & ( _! detail he aim$ to give only en\gh to reproduce ! s+le1 syn!tic emotion into :i* 8 poetic fire c\ld fuse ! sc5e4 ,among 8 able contempor>ies & successors 7 ,wyant1 ,hom] ,m>t91 ,tryon1 ,eaton1 ,rang]1 ,blakelock & ,horatio ,walk]4 ,to ?is tradition 9 l&scape 0 add$ a virile f\ndation ( m>9e pa9t+ 9 ! works ( ,w9sl[ ,hom]4 ,arti/s ( p[] & individuality1 ^: influ5ce on ! developm5t ( ,am]ican pa9t+ w\ld be difficult to trace1 include ! great1 p]haps r un-,am]ican1 ,:i/l]1 reveal] ( subtle tone relations2 ,v$d]1 ma/] ( rhy?mic l9e2 ,la ,f>ge1 ri* colori/ & decorator2 ,alb]t ,p4 ,ryd]1 ) 8 gl[+ color & romantic imag9ation2 ,george ,full]1 ^: t5d] poetry & mell[1 gold5-br[n tone 7 8 native gift2 ,william ,morris ,hunt1 ^: en?usiasm z tea*]1 m ?an ^: example z arti/1 reveal$ to y\ng] m5 ! new bread? & insight ( _! contempor>ies 9 ,france4 ,! sev5ties & eighties ( ! c5tury 7 m>k$ 9 g5]al by a dep5d5ce ^u ! art ( ,europe4 ,a gr\p ( m51 includ+ ,duv5eck1 ,*ase & ,%irlaw1 w5t to ,muni* :5ce !y br\ght home a solid1 pa9t]-l te*nique & a sob] tonality4 ,^! qualities became a factor 9 ! e>ly developm5t ( su* arti/s 9 ,am]ica z ,john ,w4 ,alex&] & ,joseph ,de ,camp4 ,edw9 ,a4 ,abbey1 pa9t+ 9 ,engl&1 develop$ ! romantic anecdote4 ,! /ronge/ influ5ce1 h[ev]1 came out ( ,p>is1 "m ( mod]n art movem5ts4 ,! tea*+s ( su* ma/]s z ,g]ome1 ,bonnat & ,c>olus-,duran 7 assimilat$ )\t sacrifice ( individuality4 ,fre%]1 breezi] color & a m brilliant te*nique came into ,am]ican figure pa9t+4 ,to ?is gr\p belong ,?ay]1 ,volk1 ,dew+ & ,bru%1 ref9$ pa9t]s ( figures2 ,l[ & ,cox1 foll[]s ( a m classic tradition2 ,g>i ,mel*]s1 ^: great] directness comes p>tly out ( ,holl&1 ,m>y ,cassatt1 influ5c$ by ,manet & ,degas2 & ,s>g5t1 ^: gu/o1 spontaneity1 & brilliant te*nique h made him "o ( ,am]ica's f\r or five greate/ pa9t]s4 ,weir1 ,twa*tman & ,hassam import$ ! new en?usiasm = ,impressionism1 = ! use ( pure colors 9 reproduc+ high-key$ effects ( ephem]al sunlight4 ,t>bell1 ,reid1 ,little1 ,c4 ,h4 ,davis1 ,symons1 ,r$field & ,frieseke %[ to v>y+ ext5t ! same influ5ces4 ,! pres5t t5d5cy 9 ,am]ican pa9t+ seems to be t[>d great] div]sity & a m unfett]$ ass]tion ( p]sonality1 z exemplifi$ by su* m5 z ,davies1 ,h5ri1 ,haw?orne & ,bell[s4 ,m\nt ,:itney4 ,alb]t ,bi]/adt1 #ahcj-aijb ,m\nt ,:itney4 ,alb]t ,bi]/adt1 #ahcj-aijb ,no memb] ( ! ,hudson ,riv] s*ool1 probably1 imbib$ s mu* ( ! qualities ( ! ,dusseldorf ma/]s z did ,bi]/adt4 ,he *ose = 8 big canvases panoramas f impressive sc5es 9 ,yell[/one ,p>k & 9 ! ,rockies4 ,he attempt$ to give ! illusion ( reality to ^! by a m9utely detail$ r5dition ( =egr\nd1 :ile ! subject itself1 ) 8 favorite l[]+ cl\ds & romantic haze1 0 to produce ! desir$ gr&eur4 ,! result made 8 pa9t+s popul> 9 ,am]ica ( 8 own "t2 b today 8 gr&eur seems a little !atrical4 ,! ,con* ,div]s4 ,w9sl[ ,hom]1 #ahcf-aiaj ,! ,con* ,div]s4 ,w9sl[ ,hom]1 #ahcf-aiaj ,x is r>e t an arti/ uses ) equal success bo? wat] color & oil4 ,) ,w9sl[ ,hom] "o h>dly kn[s :i* to admire m1 8 oil pa9t+s or 8 wat] colors4 ,8 oils are1 p]haps1 m b>e1 m elem5tal ?an ! wat] colors1 b ! tones are h>%] & (t5 less true4 ,9 ! w9t] ( #ahhe-ahhf1 ,hom] visit$ ! ,bahama ,isl&s1 :]e a new _w ( color 0 op5$ to 8 eyes4 ,! wat] colors :i* he made dur+ ?is & subsequ5t voyages are among ! f9e/ ?+s he ev] did4 ,among ^! is ,! ,con* ,div]s3 negroes on ! deck ( a sloop are wat*+ ! reappe>ance ( a div] :o has j come up alongside ) "s %ells 9 8 h&4 ,! ,isl& ( ,new ,provid5ce ) its palms is se5 9 ! di/ance at ! "r4 ,! composition is admirable2 ! figures are drawn ) great p[]4 8,x is ,w9sl[ ,hom]'s di/9ction t he 0 ! fir/ ,am]ican pa9t] to use an ,am]ican idiom10 writes ,william ,h[e ,d[nes4 8,n only 8 subjects1 b 8 mann] ( treat+ !m2 n only 8 motives1 b 8 po9t ( view2 n only 8 mat]ial1 b ! /yle & s5tim5t 9 :i* he clo!s x1 h ! /amp ( ,am]icanism indelibly impress$ ^u !m40 ,?is spirit$ /atem5t might be qualifi$ by ! obs]vation t x is ,george ,inness & ,full] :o express m truly ! _s ( ,am]ican rural life2 :ile x is ,hom] :o expresses ! _s ( ! fronti]sman1 ! deep-sea fi%]man1 & all ^? ^: lives br+ !m face to face ) ! b>e facts ( ! unmitigat$ elem5ts4 ,moonlit ,surf1 ,paul ,d\gh]ty1 #ahgg- ,moonlit ,surf1 ,paul ,d\gh]ty1 #ahgg- ,a contempor>y ,am]ican pa9t] ( rocks & sea :o may be consid]$ to be 9 a s5se a successor to ,w9sl[ ,hom]1 is ,paul ,d\gh]ty4 ,he is ?or\ghly ,am]ican 9 _s1 & ma9ly self-taught4 ,aft] a brief c>e] 9 ! law1 he turn$ to pa9t+4 ,) a k ( draw+ & p]spective z a f\ndation ^u :i* to proce$1 he w5t to ,europe :]e he sp5t sev]al ye>s /udy+ )\t ma/]s 9 ,p>is1 ,london1 ,flor5ce1 ,v5ice & ,muni*4 ,he return$ to 8 native c\ntry m ,am]ican ?an ev]4 ,our arti/s1 he said1 walk$ too ne> ! /]ile soil ( eclecticism1 def]r$ too mu* to e/abli%$ codes4 ,l ,w9sl[ ,hom]1 he scorn$ ! nic] subtleties ( p]sonal moods4 ,he rejoic$ 9 nature's m vigor\s aspects & he look$ at h] imp]sonally1 objectively4 ,?is passion = puttmg ?+s d[n z !y are r ?an us+ !m z a means ( express+ 8 individual moods1 is1 curi\sly en\gh1 ! key to ! individual note :i* /amps 8 canvases4 ,at ! same "t ?is lit]al t5d5cy seems to "s critics to be 8 greate/ weakness4 ,he has devot$ himself almo/ exclusively to *ronicl+ ! moods ( ! sea1 to transcrib+ ! pr(\nd surg+ bill[s1 ! swirl+ ( eddies1 ! resi/less p\nd+ ( waves aga9/ cliffs1 ! da% ( spray upw>d into ! light4 ,a good example ( ^! fre% sea-pieces is ,moonlit ,surf4 ,x is a comp>atively rec5t "w1 & %[s ! sea /rik+ aga9/ rocks & sweep+ into _! crevices1 :ile a w>m moonlight1 glanc+ ov] ! cre/s ( waves1 gives color4 ,luxemb\rg ,g>d5s at ,twilight4 ,john ,s4 ,s>g5t1 #ahef- ,luxemb\rg ,g>d5s at ,twilight4 ,john ,s4 ,s>g5t1 #ahef- ,9 ?is canvas1 ,s>g5t has %[n ! hu%$ p5siv5ess ( mood1 ! p]fection ( s5sitively modulat$ color ( :i* 8 _m-sid$ g5ius is capable1 b :i* x has1 9 fact1 r>ely atta9$ to su* a degree z "h4 ,! subject ( ! pa9t+ is ! ,luxemb\rg ,g>d5s 9 ,p>is at twilight1 ) ! moon ris+ above ! trees4 ,9 ! di/ance may be se5 ! dome ( ! ,pan!on4 ,v>i\s gr\ps ( figures l5d ! sc5e a measur$ animation4 ,! picture is h>dly m ?an a sket*1 b its ju/ness ( values conveys an impression ( reality :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ! arti/4 ,p>ticul>ly attractive is ! mell[ tone ( ! pa9t+4 ,! s(t tawny grays ( ! =egr\nd1 ! sombre gre5 ( ! ?ickly-mass$ trees2 ! note ( rose 9 ! woman's co/ume1 =m an exquisite h>mony1 acc5tuat$ by occasional t\*es ( black4 ,x 0 pres5t$ by ,s>g5t to 8 fri5d ,*>les ,poll5 ,mc,kim1 ! celebrat$ ar*itect1 :o di$ 9 #aiji4 ,x is sign$1 8,to my fri5d ,mc,kim1 ,john ,s4 ,s>g5t40 ,a replica ( ?is pa9t+1 9 ! ,john ,g4 ,johnson ,collection1 is dat$ #ahgi4--,! ,m>t9 ,b4 ,koon ,memorial ,collection4 ,! ,:ite ,bridge4 ,john ,h4 ,twa*tman1 #ahec-aijb ,! ,:ite ,bridge4 ,john ,h4 ,twa*tman1 #ahec-aijb ,at ! "t ( ,twa*tman's dea?1 fe> 0 express$ by a fell[ arti/ t ! canvases he _h left beh9d might prove too f9e a food = ! g5]al palate4 ,9 ! int]v5+ ye>s1 h[ev]1 g5]al ta/e has become bett] accu/om$ to ! impressioni/ mode ( expression2 & today anyone mu/ be 9 h>ass$ & impati5t mood :o does n respond to ! s5sitive appeal ( ,twa*tman's vague l&scapes4 ,^! c>ry to ! la/ degree ( ref9em5t ! idea t spiritual r ?an physical facts are prop]ly ! subject matt] ( art4 ,9 ! ,:ite ,bridge we s5se ! v ess5ce ( s(t spr+-"t4 ,! yell[-gre5 ( "y grass & t5d] foliage gives ! g5]al tone ( ! pa9t+4 ,9 ! =egr\nd1 on ! bank ( a /ream1 a crook$ tree rea*es out its sappy "y bran*es1 :i* =m1 toge!r ) ! lattic$ rail+ ( an intimate :ite bridge1 a delicate patt]n aga9/ "s ev]gre5s beh9d4 ,9 ! =egr\nd on ! quiet surface ( ! /ream ! reflection ( ! bridge =ms a trac]y 9 pale lilac4--,! ,m>t9 ,b4 ,koon ,memorial ,collection4 ,a ,ray ( ,sunlight4 ,john ,w4 ,alex&]1 #aheg-aiae4 ,a ,ray ( ,sunlight4 ,john ,w4 ,alex&]1 #aheg-aiae4 ,a f9e & *>act]i/ic example ( ! "w ( ,john ,w4 ,alex&]1 is ,a ,ray ( ,sunlight4 ,! appeal ( ! "w is felt imm$iately4 ,x repres5ts a "y woman play+ a viol9cello4 ,"o c imag+ emotional /ra9s ( ,*op94 ,!re is extraord9>y bread? 9 ! treatm5t ( ! musician's g[n1 yet ! co>se absorb5t canvas gives a s(t & int]e/+ surface to ! broad planes4 ,! mo/ la/+ attraction ( ! picture is due to ! arti/'s treatm5t ( light4 ,a s(t1 gl[+1 effulg5ce fl[s 9 f ! "r1 & envelops ! graceful figure1 a direct ray fall+ across ! =e>m & reflect+ 9 ! poli%$ surface ( ! in/rum5t4 ,riv] 9 ,w9t]4 ,g>dn] ,symons1 #ahfa- ,riv] 9 ,w9t]4 ,g>dn] ,symons1 #ahfa- ,g>dn] ,symons1 an important memb] ( ! mod]n gr\p ( ,am]ican l&scape pa9t]s1 is fond ( repres5t+ w9t] sc5es ) sn[ cov]+ ! gr\nd & s(t5+ its cont\rs4 ,9 ,riv] 9 ,w9t] he has produc$ a *e]ful sc5e1 treat$ ) mu* beauty ( color4 ,late aft]noon sunlight slants across ! sn[1 ca/+ rosy lights & violet %ad[s4 ,betwe5 sp>sely wood$ banks1 a riv] fl[s t[>d ! spectator4 ,9 ! di/ance are l[ opalesc5t hills b5ea? a transp>5t gre5i% sky4--,! ,m>t9 ,b4 ,koon ,memorial ,collection4 ,x may be int]e/+ to comp>e ,riv] 9 ,w9t] by ,symons ) ! pa9t+ 9 ! same collection & be>+ ! same title by ,edw>d ,w4 ,r$field4 ,r$field is a well kn[n ,am]ican pa9t] not$ = 8 w9t] l&scapes4 ,our example ( ,r$field's "w is highly *>act]i/ic4 ,comp>$ ) ,symons' pa9t+1 we f9d x less w>m 9 color1 *>act]iz$ by a m brittle & re/less h&l+ ( surfaces1 & a less s$ate & simple feel+ = composition1 b q z conv9c+ z a portrayal ( nature4 ,g>d5 9 ,june4 ,fr$]ick ,c4 ,frieseke1 #ahgd- ,g>d5 9 ,june4 ,fr$]ick ,c4 ,frieseke1 #ahgd- ,fr$]ick ,c>l ,frieseke is "o ( ! mo/ delightful among ! y\ng] ,am]ican pa9t]s :o revel 9 ! sunlight ( ,impressionism4 ,he /udi$ at ! ,*icago ,art ,in/itute1 at ! ,art ,/ud5ts' ,league1 &1 9 ,p>is1 "u ,con/ant1 ,laur5s & ,:i/l]2 b ,claude ,monet has be5 ! important influ5ce4 ,frieseke's int]e/ is 9 ! color effect ( ! ?+s 9 8 *os5 field ( vision1 9 ! effect ?+s make at a s+le glance ^u an eye tra9$ to see ! transi5t color ( %ad[s & ( objects 9 sunlight4 ,= ! detail$ /udy ( =m1 he c>es little2 yet 8 draw+ is adequate1 & 8 spots ( bright color are always work$ toge!r into a pleas+ & balanc$ patt]n1 z we see x 9 ! ,g>d5 9 ,june4 ,lately1 a m diffus$ light & less dazzl+ color has appeal$ to ,frieseke1 & he has giv5 u a s]ies ( lovely impressions ( ladies at _! v>i\s dome/ic pursuits4 ,! pa9t+ entitl$ ,! ,toilet 9 ! ,in/itute's collection is an example ( ! lat] /udies4--,! ,m>t9 ,b4 ,koon ,memorial ,collection4 ,! ,op5 ,sea4 ,emil ,c>ls51 #ahec ,! ,op5 ,sea4 ,emil ,c>ls51 #ahec ,! consummate workman%ip ( ,emil ,c>ls5 9 cov]+ a canvas ) pigm5ts gives ! illusion ( appeal+ to m s5ses ?an ! s5se ( vision4 ,! delici\s h&l+ ( color & ! creamy texture ( 8 pa9t seem to tickle ! palate & to please ! f+] tips4 ,! ,op5 ,sea is ! sea at its mo/ allur+4 ,a fair breeze gives ! wat] vivacity )\t mak+ x ?reat54 ,x seems fri5dly1 ) its subtle endless %ift+ ( blues & pale gre5s2 "o's face welcomes ! da% ( spray f ! cre/ ( su* a wave4 ,emil ,c>ls5 0 born 9 ,cop5hag51 ,d5m>k1 9 #ahec1 & came to ,am]ica 9 #ahgb4 ,he /udi$ ar*itecture 9 8 native city1 b subsequ5tly devot$ himself to pa9t+1 9 :i* he soon a*iev$ unusual success4 ,he has receiv$ _m aw>ds & is repres5t$ 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum1 ! ,national ,gall]y 9 ,wa%+ton1 & o!r important collections4 ,a ,woodl& ,int]ior 9 ! ,in/itute's collection is ano!r "w by ,c>ls51 reveal+ simil> *>ms to ^? f\nd 9 ,! ,op5 ,sea4--,! ,m>t9 ,b4 ,koon ,memorial ,collection4 ,! ,yell[ ,fl[]4 ,alb]t ,reid1 #ahfc- ,! ,yell[ ,fl[]4 ,alb]t ,reid1 #ahfc- ,! favorite subject ( ,rob]t ,reid's /udy is ! gracefully clad figure ( woman1 envelop$ 9 ! s(t atmosph]e ( ! /udio or out ( doors4 ,8 treatm5t is purely decorative1 & 8 color contra/s slight4 ,he poses 8 model quietly1 engag$ 9 unpurposeful occupations su* z gaz+ at a b[l ( goldfi%1 dream+ be=e a bit ( bright porcela91 or seat$ placidly 9 a mead[1 z 9 ,! ,yell[ ,fl[]4 ,9 ?is pleas+ pa9t+1 ! filmy bl\se1 ! yell[ skirt1 ! gold5 sk9 & hair almo/ melt into ! yell[i% gre5 ( ! grass 9 :i* ! figure is ,plac$4--,! ,m>t9 ,b4 ,koon ,memorial ,collection4 ,a psy*ologi/ has po9t$ out some:]e t if x 7 n = ! arti/s among u po9t+ out ! beauties ( l&scape1 v few ( u w\ld ev] appreciate !m4 ,"o f9ds no l&scapes pa9t$ on ,greek vases4 ,! e>ly ,european pa9t]s us$ l&scapes only z backgr\nds = portraits or religi\s subjects4 ,c]ta9ly !re exi/ 9 nature *>ms ( color 9 %ad[1 ri* v>ieties ( pure tone 9 sunlight :i* none ( u suspect$ until ! ,impressioni/ pa9t]s insi/$ ^u !m4 ,midsumm]4 ,r4 ,sloan ,br$91 #ahha- ,midsumm]4 ,r4 ,sloan ,br$91 #ahha- ,9 ,midsumm] by ,r4 ,sloan ,br$9 "o f9ds n only an unusually pleas+ piece ( diagonal composition1 n only a lyrical mood undi/urb$ by di%>mony1 b also a way ( see+ ?+s :i*1 if we c\ld make x a "p ( ourselves1 w\ld mu* enhance our own visual enjoym5t ( nature4 ,! beautiful play ( color ?r\gh ! foliage ( ! big tree at ! left ( ! canal1 ! subtle effects produc$ by ! fa9t haze ( a ,july noonday1 ! fre% tones ( ! ne>] foliage droop+ across ! l>g] tree beyond1 %\ld prove a lesson z well z a joy4 ,night's ,ov]ture4 ,ar?ur ,b4 ,davies1 #ahfb- ,night's ,ov]ture4 ,ar?ur ,b4 ,davies1 #ahfb- ,"o ( ! mo/ p]sonal & int]e/+ pa9t]s 9 ,am]ica today is ,ar?ur ,b4 ,davies4 ,8 pa9t+ ignores ! commonplaces & uness5tials ( life4 8,nev] once does he w&] f 8 dream1 8 vision10 writes ,samuel ,i%am4 8,8 en*ant$ g>d5 is n visit$ at r>e int]vals2 x is n "o ( _m resorts1 x is 8 home1 8 retreat f :i* he nev] dep>ts4 ,x is a wond]ful l& ( :i* he gives u glimpses--( fl[]y mead[s & bosky groves peopl$ by y\? & *ildhood40 ,8 visions are naive1 t5d]1 :imsical1 (t5 vaguely allegorical1 sometimes a little un9telligible1 b nev] trite nor s5tim5tal4 ,9 8 rec5t "w he seems to t5d m & m t[>d ! un9telligible1 z 8 love ( ! allegorical & ! purely spiritual gr[s4 ,to ,night's ,ov]ture mu* ( ^! rem>ks may seem n to apply4 ,"h is no?+ ( ! naive1 ! :imsical1 ! allegorical4 ,& yet ?is l&scape is *>act]i/ic ( ,davies' art4 ,x is a highly spiritualiz$ & individual treatm5t ( l&scape1 wond]fully decorative 9 color & arrangem5t1 & highly end[$ ) feel+4--,! ,m>t9 ,b4 ,koon ,memorial ,collection4 ,,mod]n ,,european ,,pa9t+s ,to trace ! hi/ory ( pa9t+ 9 ! ,,xix c5tury 9 ,france1 is to trace ! ma9 /em ( its rec5t developm5ts ?r\gh\t ! we/]n _w4 ,g]many has graft$ some?+ ( h] own national _s ^u ! p>5t art =ms ( ! ,fr5*2 ,engl& has contribut$ "s orig9al impulses2 ,holl& & ,spa9 h look$ back to _! own pa/ z well z across to ! contempor>y pa9t+ ( ! ,fr5*4 ,yet x is ,france1 ) h] bewild]+ cr[d+ 9 ( new ideas & cr[d+ out ( old1 :i* dur+ ! pa/ c5tury1 has l$ ! way 9 pa9t+1 & 9 ! op5+ ( ! ,,xx c5tury cont9ues to lead4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,,xix c5tury1 ! long+ ( intellectual ,france = a return to ! poise & civic virtues ( republican ,rome _h f\nd its visual expression 9 ! classical pa9t+s ( ,david 7#agdh-ahbe7 & ,+res 7#aghj-ahfg74 ,! beg9n+s ( ,romanticism are se5 9 ! pa9t+s ( ,gros1 :o d>$ to pa9t 8 *>act]s 9 clo!s m mod]n ?an ! toga4 ,g]icault & ,delacroix 7#agii-ahfc7 complet$ ! developm5t 9 _! impassion$ color & movem5t & _! se>*+ out ( romantic & exotic subject matt]4 ,a gr\p ( mid-c5tury arti/s :o comb9$ _m ( ! qualities ( ! ,classic & ,romantic s*ools includ$ ,cabanel1 ,lefebvre1 ,b\gu]eau & ,g]ome4 ,! milit>y pa9t]s1 ,meissoni]1 ,detaille1 & de ,neuville1 might conv5i5tly be gr\p$ ) !m1 !y alike treat+ romantic subjects 9 a precise & academic mann]4 ,reflections ( ?is gr\p 9 ,g]many are se5 9 ,piloty1 ,m5zel & ,max2 9 ,great ,brita9 9 ,alma-,tadema1 ,leighton & ,or*>dson4 ,su* pa9t]s z ^! express$ ! ,academic attitude ) :i*1 f #ahej to #ahhe1 ! ideas ( ! ,b>bizon pa9t]s1 ! ,reali/s1 ! ris+ ,impressioni/s1 &1 9 ,engl&1 ! ,pre-,raphaelite ,bro!rhood 7unrelat$ to any ,cont95tal movem5t7 _h to compete4 ,! ,b>bizon ,s*ool1 includ+ ,r\sseau1 ,corot1 ,millet1 ,daubigny1 ,troyon1 & o!rs1 ow$ mu* to ! ,dut* l&scape pa9t]s ( ! ,,xvii c5tury & to ! influ5ce ( ! ,engli%man ,con/able 7#aggf-ahcg71 :o _h gone directly to nature & repres5t$ :at he saw ) a fidelity r>e s9ce ! "t ( ,ruisdael & ,hobbema4 ,! _s ( ?is gr\p inspir$ ,mauve & ,jacob ,m>is 9 ,holl&1 :ile ,israels 0 influ5c$ r by ! old ,dut* ma/]s ( figure pa9t+4 ,mod]n ,impressionism is a mixture ( two /reams ( influ5ce4 ,"o arose 9 ! direct vision ( ,c\rbet1 & ! reali/ic pa9t+ ( envelop+ atmosph]e z inv5t$ by ,velasquez & r$iscov]$ by ,manet4 ,! o!r /ream spr+s f ! poetic impressioni/ic me?ods ( ,corot & ! fi]y ,turn]4 ,influ5c$ by ^! two curr5ts1 ,monet & ,r5oir produc$ ! high-key$ ext]nality ( ,lum9ism1 :i* has /rongly affect$ contempor>y ,am]ican pa9t]s2 :ile 9 ,europe1 ,degas1 ,piss>ro1 ,sisley1 ,sorolla1 ,zuloaga1 ,zorn & ,lieb]mann h drawn 9 v>y+ degrees f ! same two /reams4 ,defy+ all classification1 /&s ! "o great decorator ( ! c5tury1 ,puvis de ,*avannes2 :ile initiat+ ! mo/ mod]n art movem5t are ,cezanne1 ,gaugu9 & ,matisse1 :o revolt aga9/ objectivism1 & /rive 9 visual =ms to express ! abid+ v]ities4 ,l&scape4 ,georges ,mi*el1 #agfc-ahdc ,l&scape4 ,georges ,mi*el1 #agfc-ahdc ,to ^? :o ask$ him :y he did n g to ,italy = 8 subjects1 ,georges ,mi*el w\ld answ]3 8,! man :o c n f9d en\gh to pa9t dur+ 8 :ole life 9 a circuit ( f\r miles is 9 reality no arti/40 ,?is arti/ic cre$ 0 no?+ less ?an revolution>y at t "t1 9 ! e>ly days ( ! ,,xix c5tury1 :5 ! l&scape pa9t] reg>d$ nature z unwor?y ( 8 bru% unless x 0 b$eck$ ) anci5t temples & peopl$ ) gods & goddesses1 or at lea/ sugge/$ ,italy or "s di/ant l&4 ,georges ,mi*el liv$ on ! heights ( ,montm>tre 9 ,p>is4 ,he walk$ out into ! c\ntry & pa9t$ :at he saw4 ,8 l&scapes are actual /udies ( nature pa9t$ 9 ! op5 air4 ,z "o ( ! fir/ pa9t]s ( paysage intime1 ,mi*el 0 a =]unn] ( ,r\sseau & ! m5 ( #ahcj4 ,8 n>r[1 subdu$ s*eme ( color e/abli%es 8 relation%ip ) ! great ,dut* ma/]s ( ! ,,xvii c5tury4 ,9 ,france1 h[ev]1 8 0 pione] "w2 he did n cat] to ! popul> dem&1 & x 0 n until ! ,_w ,exhibition 9 #ahhi t 8 g5ius 0 g5]ally recogniz$4--,gift ( ,james ,j4 ,hill4 ,*ild ) ,*]ries4 ,gillaume ,adolphe ,b\gu]eau1 #ahbe-aije ,*ild ) ,*]ries4 ,gillaume ,adolphe ,b\gu]eau1 #ahbe-aije ,! mo/ popul> figure pa9t+s ( ! mid-n9ete5? c5tury 9 ,france 7 ^? ( ! gr\p ( compromis]s or semi-classici/s4 ,_! compositions 7 ! natural successors to ! classicism ( ! academicians ,david & ,+res1 modifi$ by a new vogue 9 ,france = romantic types & = mod]n hi/ory4 ,"o ( ! important m5 ( ?is gr\p 0 ,b\gu]eau4 ,he _h mu* skill 9 draw+ & 9 composition4 ,he makes 8 appeal1 h[ev]1 *iefly ?r\gh 8 *oice ( !mes1 employ+ usually ei!r s5tim5tal religi\s subjects or pretty *ildr54--,f ! ,beque/ ( ,mrs4 ,w4 ,h4 ,dunwoody4 ,! ,ba?4 ,jean ,leon ,g]ome1 #ahbd-aijc ,! ,ba?4 ,jean ,leon ,g]ome1 #ahbd-aijc ,! bright ,turki% int]ior1 :i* ,g]ome has *os5 = 8 sc5e1 gives x a colorful sett+4 ,! walls are cov]$ ) ri* blue-gre5 tiles4 ,! brilliant g>m5t ?r[n ov] ! seat at ! "r1 & ! t[el hang+ above x give ! complem5t>y colors4 ,aga9/ ?is vivid gr\nd are play$ ! cool fle% tones ( ! seat$ woman & ! sleek1 dusky sk9 ( ! negro att5dant4 ,fur!r color & exotic int]e/ are giv5 by ! gaudy bangles & k]*ief ( ! slave4 ,g]ome is usually class$ ) ,b\gu]eau among ! semi-classici/s ( ! ,,xix c5tury 9 ,france4 ,9 8 "w1 we f9d ! /rong int]e/ 9 cont\rs1 9 reposeful composition1 & 9 smoo? f9i% = :i* ! academy /ood1 :ile 8 subjects take u to ! romantic ,ori5t & spread be=e u ! pageantry ( hi/ory4--,gift ( ,mrs4 ,fr$]ick ,b4 ,wells 9 memory ( h] fa!r1 ,frank ,h4 ,peavey4 ,! ,/orm+ ( ,tel-el-,kebir4 ,alphonse de ,neuville1 #ahcf-ahhc ,! ,/orm+ ( ,tel-el-,kebir4 ,alphonse de ,neuville1 #ahcf-ahhc ,?is battle sc5e by ! ,fr5* milit>y pa9t] de ,neuville depicts ! crucial mom5t 9 a h>d campaign und]tak5 to cru% a rebellion among ! ,egyptians4 ,9 ! gray dawn ( ,septemb] #ac1 #ahhb1 a ,briti% =ce ) bayonets fix$ /orm$ ! entr5*$ natives2 & 9 a few m9utes h>d fight+ decid$ ! supremacy ( ,great ,brita9 9 ,egypt4 ,napoleon's ,retreat f ,russia4 ,jan ,v4 ,*elm9ski1 #ahea- ,napoleon's ,retreat f ,russia4 ,jan ,v4 ,*elm9ski1 #ahea- ,! ,poli% pa9t] ,*elm9ski 0 contempor>y ) ! milit>y pa9t]s work+ 9 ,france1 & 8 "w is simil>1 al?\gh 8 tra9+ 0 t ( ,muni*1 n ,p>is4 ,9 ,napoleon's ,retreat f ,russia1 he sugge/s 9 ! tragic sunset light+ ( ! sky1 ! frightful demoralization & suff]+ ( ,napoleon's army1 defeat$ by b\ndless /eppes & rel5tless w9t]4--,gift ( ,james ,j4 ,hill4 ,! ,roe ,cov]t4 ,gu/ave ,c\rbet1 #ahai-ahgg ,! ,roe ,cov]t4 ,gu/ave ,c\rbet1 #ahai-ahgg ,few great arti/s h be5 s little influ5c$ by _! great =]unn]s z ,c\rbet 04 ,a man ( /rong peasant in/9cts1 ( incomp>able =cefulness & initiative1 he look$ at ! works ( ! great romantici/s ( 8 "t & laugh$ ) a titantic contempt4 ,he look$ at ! works ( ,raphael & ,mi*elangelo & laugh$ aga94 ,_! p[] & beauty 7 no?+ to ,c\rbet because !y 7 afraid ( ! unv>ni%$ tru?4 ,! ,spani>ds he admir$4 ,he 0 in/9ctively ! 8pa9t] ( raw mat]ial40 ,moreov]1 he 0 a trucul5t propag&i/1 an 8individuali/ ) /rong elb[s40 ,9 8 own "t1 he 0 a subject ( ridicule2 b we n[ "k t he 0 a great pa9t] z well z a blunt pione]4 ,8 great arti/ry is inescabable :5 we see 9 su* a pa9t+ z ,! ,roe ,cov]t1 ! bold naturalism ( vision1 & directness ( bru%+ comb9$ ) su* a f9e p[] ( h>moniz+ tones1 & ?r\gh all1 su* a t5d] feel+ = ! subject4 ,he is z a "y savage might be 9 8 elem5t2 he c love ,nature )\t fir/ mak+ romantic lit]ature ( h]4--,gift ( ,james ,j4 ,hill4 ,woodl& ,sc5e4 ,n4 ,v4 ,diaz de la ,p5a1 #ahji-ahgi ,woodl& ,sc5e4 ,n4 ,v4 ,diaz de la ,p5a1 #ahji-ahgi ,riv] ,sc5e4 ,*>les ,francois ,daubigny1 #ahag-ahgh ,riv] ,sc5e4 ,*>les ,francois ,daubigny1 #ahag-ahgh ,r\sseau1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,b>bizon s*ool1 _h ! l&scapes ( su* ,,xvii c5tury ,holl&]s z ,ruisdael & ( ! ,engli% ,con/able z prec$5ts4 ,diaz1 "o ( ,r\sseau's foll[]s1 0 fond ( pa9t+ l&scapes d>k ) sull5 skies or =e/ %ade1 enliv5$ ) bright spots :]e human figures are introduc$ or :]e ! sun p5etrates ! trees4 ,daubigny1 y\ng] & less romantic1 introduces ) 8 fre] h&l+1 a yet m mod]n _s4 ,^! two pa9t+s are "p ( ! memorial gift ( ,mrs4 ,fr$]ick ,b4 ,wells4 ,l&scape ) ,cattle4 ,con/ant ,troyon1 #ahaj-ahfe ,l&scape ) ,cattle4 ,con/ant ,troyon1 #ahaj-ahfe ,=d+ ! ,riv]4 ,con/ant ,troyon1 #ahaj-ahfe ,=d+ ! ,riv]4 ,con/ant ,troyon1 #ahaj-ahfe ,troyon1 a memb] ( ! ,b>bizon gr\p1 0 fasc9at$ by ! pa/oral aspect ( cattle 9 l&scapes4 ,:ile ,ruisdael 0 ! pr9cipal example = ,r\sseau & ,diaz1 x 0 to ,cuyp1 ! ,dut* cattle pa9t]1 t ,troyon w5t = inspiration4 ,^! two pa9t+s are "p ( ! beque/ ( ,mrs4 ,w4 ,h4 ,dunwoody4 ,! ,bea* at ,tr\ville4 ,eug5e ,b\d91 #ahbd-ahih ,! ,bea* at ,tr\ville4 ,eug5e ,b\d91 #ahbd-ahih ,hi/orically1 ,b\d9 is important z a l9k betwe5 ! ,m5 ( #ahcj & ! ,impressioni/s--m specifically1 betwe5 ,corot & ,monet4 ,if ! public & ! cons]vatives ( ! ,academy ignor$ him1 8 art 0 und]/ood & admir$ by 8 greate/ confr]es4 8,k+ ( ! skies10 ,corot call$ him4 ,c\rbet1 aft] wat*+ him pa9t a canvas1 exclaim$1 8,truly y are "o ( ! s]aphim1 = y alone und]/& ! heav5s60 ,monet1 9 a lett] to him 9 #ahhi1 wrote 89 recognition ( ! advice :i* has made me :at ,i am40 ,! mode/ ,b\d9 9 turn gives mu* cr$it to ,corot1 ,c\rbet & ,jongk9d = 8 own insight into ! subtle tru?s ( atmosph]e4 ,born at ,honfleur1 ! son ( a /eamboat pilot1 ,b\d9 0 a cab9-boy until ! age ( f\rte54 ,9 sp>e mom5ts1 he began to make sket*es :i* reveal$ tal5t4 ,lat] he 0 able to devote m "t to pa9t+1 al?\gh ev5 beyond ! age ( fifty !re 7 p]iods :5 he 0 oblig$ to turn day-labor] to keep himself alive4 ,! great] "p ( 8 pa9t+s repres5t sc5es 9 ,norman & ,breton h>bors %[+ quais & jetties ) ! b>e ma/s ( squ>e-rigg]s frett$ aga9/ gray skies4 ,"s "t aft] #ahfh ,isabey p]suad$ him to pa9t ! fa%ionable wat]+ places1 & x 0 sev]al ye>s lat] t our ,bea* at ,tr\ville mu/ h be5 produc$4 ,yet 9 reality 8 subject 0 always sky & atmosph]e4 ,! *>m ( 8 wat]1 ! dep? & rea* ( 8 skies1 ) t m>vel\s subtlety ( silv]y grays1 & violet grays1 & lead5 grays1 8 habit ( pa9t+ always 8en ple9-air10 8 way ( us+ ! bru%1 ^! ?+s mu/ inde$ h influ5c$ ! y\ng] ,monet1 & ,monet's canvases dat$ ar\nd #ahgj %[ a cle> p>allelism4 ,g]anium4 ,alb]t ,&re1 #ahfi- ,g]anium4 ,alb]t ,&re1 #ahfi- ,alb]t ,&re is kn[n especially = 8 *>m+ fl[] pieces4 ,^! %[ ! arti/ z a ma/] ( te*nique1 gift$ ) a peculi> s5sitiv5ess to value relations & an unusual color s5se4 ,he is p>ticul>ly happy 9 secur+ an agreeable texture4 ,he is a reali/ 9 int5tion1 b comb9es tru? ( repres5tation ) beauty ( design4 ,9 ! ,g]anium1 ! emphasis is r m ^u decoration ( ! rectangul> surface ( ! canvas ?an ^u ! repres5tation ( tri-dim5sional =m4 ,! cle> note ( ! salmon p9k blossoms aga9/ ! accompanim5t ( ! c>efully di/+ui%$ grays & ! ,v5etian r$ 9 leaves1 wall1 & drap]ies is f9ely felt4 ,&re holds a di/+ui%$ position among pa9t]s ( ! contempor>y ,fr5* s*ool4 ,! ,conv]sion4 ,gabriel ,max1 #ahdj- ,! ,conv]sion4 ,gabriel ,max1 #ahdj- ,! ,conv]sion is an excell5t example ( ! "w ( ,gabriel ,max1 "o ( ! well-kn[n pa9t]s ( ,g]many 9 ! ,,xix c5tury4 ,x repres5ts a sc5e app>5tly laid 9 ! catacombs ( ,rome e>ly 9 ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,a woman seat$ on "s /one /eps is try+ to p]suade ?ree m5 /&+ opposite h] to embrace ! new religion to :i* %e has already become a conv]t4 ,x is a good piece ( psy*ological illu/ration4 ,! woman's figure is pa9t$ mu* 9 ! /yle ( ,b\gu]eau1 b !re is a deep] s9c]ity 9 h] face1 h] m\? betray+ ! neurotic s5sitiv5ess n uncommon among religi\s my/ics4 ,! gr\p ( ?ree m5 is well pa9t$ & f9e 9 color4 ,! two ne>] m5 seem to h be5 completely won ov] by ! g5tle tea*+s1 :ile ! "y man at ! "r1 ?\gh mu* mov$1 /ill resi/s conv]sion4 ,! /rong int]e/ 9 ! lit]>y or illu/rative aspect ( ! subject is *>act]i/ic ( ?is p]iod ( pa9t+ 9 ,g]many4--,giv5 9 memory ( ,mrs4 ,?omas ,l[ry by ,mrs4 ,gu/av ,s*wyz]1 ,mrs4 ,p]cy ,hag]man & ,horace ,l[ry4 ,! ,sc\ts4 ,adolph ,s*rey]1 #ahbh-ahii ,! ,sc\ts4 ,adolph ,s*rey]1 #ahbh-ahii ,! exotic quality ( ?is pa9t+ ( ,arab horsem5 appeals quickly to "o's love ( travel & romance--! great ext5t ( ! untam$ surr\nd+s1 ! quiv]+ ref9em5t ( ! horses1 ! biz>re b>b>ity ( ! co/umes & acc\trem5ts1 ! fasc9ation ( ^! fi]ce h&some ,arab faces1 ! ri* color ( ! :ole6 ,s*rey] 0 ! ,g]man reflection ( ! ,fr5* ,ori5tali/-romantici/s1 ,delacroix & ,decamps1 al?\gh 8 less fi]y _s is p]haps clos] to 8 ref9$ contempor>y ,from5t94--,giv5 9 memory ( ,mrs4 ,?omas ,l[ry4 ,m\nta9 ,village4 ,paul ,crodel1 #ahfb- ,m\nta9 ,village4 ,paul ,crodel1 #ahfb- ,?is little village is pa9t$ ) a love ( sunlight & color1 brea!s a m\nta9 quality 9 ! %>p1 cle> atmosph]e4 ,cattle 9 ,sun%9e4 ,he9ri* von ,zugel1 #ahej- ,cattle 9 ,sun%9e4 ,he9ri* von ,zugel1 #ahej- ,zugel %[s a brilliance 9 8 "w :i* sugge/s pa9t+s by ! ,am]ican ,s>g5t4 ,"o might hunt long = a tru] animal /udy1 or = a m beautiful r5d]+ ( sunlight & beguil+ purple %ad[4 ,summ] ,ev5+ at ! ,riv]4 ,gu/av ,adolf ,fjae/ad1 #ahgj- ,summ] ,ev5+ at ! ,riv]4 ,gu/av ,adolf ,fjae/ad1 #ahgj- ,dalec>lian ,peasant4 ,helm] ,mas-,olle1 #ahhd- ,dalec>lian ,peasant4 ,helm] ,mas-,olle1 #ahhd- ,^! two pa9t+s are ! f\ndation ( a collection belong+ to ! ,sc&9avian ,art ,society1 & deposit$ 9 ! ,in/itute4 ,! figure ( ! old peasant is in/9ct ) "*4 ,! complex planes ( ! wea!r-beat5 face & gn>l$ h&s are e/abli%$ ) ! m9imum ( means4 ,! pa9t+ by ,fjae/ad owes its fasc9ation ma9ly to ! almo/ ,*9ese s5se ( /yle & patt]n4 ,! movem5t ( ! wat]'s swirl+ l9es is int]e/+1 well s*em$1 & p]fectly balanc$4 ,"m & ,*ildr54 ,josef ,israels1 #ahbd-aiaa ,"m & ,*ildr54 ,josef ,israels1 #ahbd-aiaa ,! art ( ,israels1 ) its /raight=w>d & sympa!tic portrayal ( ! emotions ( ! common folk1 makes a direct & :olesome appeal to all4 ,its democratic1 e?ical purport w\ld h satisfi$ ! dem&s ( ,tol/oy4 ,)\t !atricality1 or morbid inv5tion ( horrible & ironic situations1 he int]prets ! lives ( poor p4 ,! types he *ooses are /rong & simple4 ,sometimes he t5d]ly portrays "y m5 & girls 9 ! fields1 or happy peasant mo!rs ) _! *ildr51 z 9 our pa9t+2 & :5 pov]ty or trag$y are ! !me1 z !y 9 mu* ( 8 lat] "w1 he sees no demoralization nor degradation--only =titude & sadness4 ,! _s ( man triumphs4--,gift ( ,mrs4 ,fr$]ick ,b4 ,wells4 ,on ! ,bea*4 ,joaqu9 ,sorolla y ,ba/ida1 #ahfc- ,on ! ,bea*4 ,joaqu9 ,sorolla y ,ba/ida1 #ahfc- ,sorolla1 born at ,val5cia 9 ! w>m sun%9e ( s\!rn ,spa91 is "o ( ! mo/ joy\s & spontane\s arti/s :o ev] slapp$ pa9t onto canvas4 ,! fir/ exhibition ( 8 "w 9 ?is c\ntry 0 held at ! ,hispanic ,museum 9 ,new ,york 9 #aiji2 & !re has probably nev] be5 9 ,am]ica an exhibition ( pa9t+s cr[d$ ) su* en?usia/ic ?\s&s ( p4 ,z "o came into ! exhibition gall]y1 "o 0 fairly dazzl$ by ! high key & ! headlong virtuosity ( ! pa9t+s :i* l9$ ! walls2 "o felt a s5se ( height5$ vitality4 ,we are told t ,sorolla /udi$ 9 ! ,academies ( ,val5cia & ,rome1 & f9ally t he 0 influ5c$ by ,ba/i5 ,lepage1 ,m5zel1 & by ! old ,spani% & ,italian ma/]s :om he copi$4 ,x is h>d to ?9k ( him 9 connection ) any su* s*ools or pa9t]s4 ,8 bold bru%work1 8 unaffect$ & individual h&l+ ( bright sunlight1 8 high animal spirits1 are l no o!r pa9t] we "k1 unless x be ! ,sc&9avian ,zorn4 ,! subjects *os5 by ,sorolla are v>i$4 ,he pa9ts fa%ionable portraits1 & occasionally l&scape4 ,mo/ly he pa9ts sc5es on ! sunny ,m$it]ranean %ores ( ,spa94 ,into ^! he introduces figures1 sometimes subord9at$ to ! sea1 m (t5 z ! pr9cipal int]e/ ( ! picture4 ,sometimes he %[s fi%]m5 work+ at _! boats1 z 9 ! /unn+ canvas 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum4 ,:5 he does1 !y are no b5t-back$ toil]s1 b joy\s1 active1 triumphant creatures4 ,m (t5 ,sorolla loves to pa9t p play+ on ! bea*1 _! light clo!s spott$ clev]ly aga9/ ! bright s& or waves2 or be/ ( all1 *ildr56 ,heal?y & full ( vivid glee1 !y race along ! bea*1 lie on ! s& 9 ! wa% ( rea*+ break]s1 or swim frog-l 9 ! gre5 transp>5cy ( %elt]$ wat]4 ,l&scape4 ,alex&] ,nasmy?1 #ageh-ahdj ,l&scape4 ,alex&] ,nasmy?1 #ageh-ahdj ,?is l&scape by ! ,scot* pa9t]1 ,alex&] ,nasmy?1 is s unobtrusive z to be easily ov]look$ by ! visitor4 ,= ^? :o feel ! _s ( ! little picture1 h[ev]1 x has an abid+ *>m4 ,! arti/ 0 a man ( extraord9>y v]satility & ent]prise1 an able sc5e pa9t] & ar*itect1 & an inv5tor & eng9e] ( em95ce4 ,9 our pa9t+ "o sees little ( ! boldness expect$ f a m9d giv5 cr$it = orig9at+ pr9ciples ( /eamboat propulsion & bridge con/ruction4 ,! t\* is =mal1 almo/ %y1 9 its res]ve2 ! draw+ is precise1 & ! light+ & color conv5tional4 ,mu* ( ! *>m ( ! "w is probably due to ?is retic5ce4 ,! sc5e pres5ts a re/ful tranquility1 & a qua9t homel9ess4 ,! int]e/ plays back & =? betwe5 ! romantic old ru9 & ! contra/+ rural & dome/ic life :i* has put pa/ spl5dors to su* /range mod]n uses4 ,! !me is rem9isc5t ( ,piranesi's et*+s ( classical ru9s4 ,out ( dea? spr+s life2 f ! decay$ tree come /range fungus gr[?s4 ,aft] hundr$s ( ye>s1 ! ca/le wall ( a feudal "l gives support to a peasant cottage2 8 hall s]ves to %elt] cattle4 ,alex&] ,nasmy? 0 a pupil ( ! portraiti/1 ,allan ,ramsay 7#agac-aghd74 ,ramsay discov]$ him 9 ,ed9burgh pa9t+ armorial be>+s on c>riage doors1 & took him to ,london4 ,^u 8 return to ,ed9burgh1 he pa9t$ portraits1 includ+ a fam\s portrait ( ,rob]t ,burns2 b turn$ 8 att5tion1 aft] #agic1 exclusively to l&scapes4 ,psy*e's ,w$d+4 ,sir ,edw>d ,burne-,jones1 #ahcc-ahih ,psy*e's ,w$d+4 ,sir ,edw>d ,burne-,jones1 #ahcc-ahih ,! /ory ( ,psy*e's ,w$d+ is a my? ( ,greek orig91 & runs z foll[s3 ,a c]ta9 k+ 9 ! we/ c\ntry _h ?ree beautiful daught]s4 ,! y\nge/ 0 by f> ! mo/ beautiful2 s beautiful1 inde$1 t %e receiv$ homage f m5 :i* 0 due to ,v5us alone4 ,! ang] ( ! goddess 0 ar\s$ aga9/ h]1 & ! maid5 h]self became unhappy because1 due to h] awesome beauty1 no "o s\ght h] 9 m>riage4 ,! ,k+1 h] fa!r1 inquir$ ( ! ,oracle ( ,apollo :at %\ld be done4 ,! /ory is told 9 ,walt] ,pat]'s ,m>ius ! ,epicurean1 f :i* ! foll[+ extract is tak53 8,& ,apollo answ]$ him ?us3 #8,let ! damsel be plac$ on ! top ( a c]ta9 m\nta91 adorn$ z = ! b$ ( m>riage & ( dea?4 ,look n = a son-9-law ( mortal bir? b = t evil s]p5t-?+ by reason ( :om ev5 ! gods tremble & ! %ades ( ,/yx are afraid4' ,s ! k+ return$ home & made kn[n ! oracle to 8 wife4 ,= _m days %e lam5t$1 b at la/ ! fulfillm5t ( ! div9e precept is urg5t ^u h]1 & ! company make ready to conduct ! maid5 to h] deadly bridal4 ,& n[ ! nuptial tor* ga!rs d>k smoke & a%es1 ! pleasant s\nd ( ! pipe is *ang$ into a cry1 ! m>riage hymn concludes 9 a sorr[ful wail+1 bel[ h] yell[ w$d+ veil1 ! bride %ook away h] te>s2 insomu* t ! :ole city 0 afflict$ toge!r at ! ill-luck ( ! /rick5 h\sehold4444 %e 0 sil5t1 & ) firm /ep w5t on h] way1 & !y proce$$ to ! appo9t$ place on a /eep m\nta9 & left !re ! maid5 alone & took _! way homew>d deject$ly40 ,x 0 ,cupid1 h[ev]1 n a mon/]1 :o welcom$ ! sorr[ful maid51 & aft] _m adv5tures1 ,psy*e f\nd happ9ess4 ,silv] & ,gre54 ,hilda ,fe>on1 ,engli%1 8-#aiag ,silv] & ,gre54 ,hilda ,fe>on1 ,engli%1 8-#aiag ,9 ?is *e]ful pa9t+1 repres5t+ two little girls seat$ at a breakfa/ table flood$ ) ! bright1 cle> light ( a summ] morn+1 ! real !me :i* has engag$ ! arti/ is no?+ m nor less ?an light itself4 ,! tableclo? & w9d[ curta9s half 9 sunlight1 half 9 lum9\s %ad[1 & ! %9+ glassw>e & silv] urn are ably pa9t$4 ,! gre5 ( ! g>d5 & ! yell[-gre5 ( sundr5*$ lawn are se5 ?r\gh ! w9d[ e*o$ 9 ! int]ior by daffodills1 lemons & lime juice bottle1 :ile happy t\*es ( blue appe> 9 ! *9a & "o ( ! frocks4 ,silv] & ,gre5 0 pa9t$ #aiac1 & 0 aw>d$ ,honorable ,m5tion at ! ,int]national ,exhibition 9 ,pittsburg 9 #aiad4 ,,mod]n ,,draw+s ,/udies ( ,drap$ ,figures1 ,p5cil ,draw+4 ,sir ,edw>d ,burne-,jones1 ,engli%1 #ahcc-ahih ,/udies ( ,drap$ ,figures1 ,p5cil ,draw+4 ,sir ,edw>d ,burne-,jones1 ,engli%1 #ahcc-ahih ,our ,burne-,jones sket* book belong$ =m]ly to ! arti/'s son1 ,sir ,philip ,burne-,jones4 ,9 a lett] ,sir ,philip writes3 8,?is book ( /udies & designs by my fa!r is an important example ( 8 "w & me?ods4 ,be=e />t+ ^u ! actual pa9t+ ( a l>ge composition1 x 0 my fa!r's cu/om to make innum]able c>eful /udies ( limbs1 drap]ies1 etc41 9 *alk & p5cil1 & f ^! he work$ ^u ! picture4 ,! book :i* is n[ 9 y\r possession exemplifies ?is sy/em40 ,! sket* book conta9s #aac orig9al draw+s4 ,"s ( ^! are on bo? sides ( a leaf1 & frequ5tly two or m draw+s on a page4 ,= ! great] "p1 !y are execut$ 9 lead p5cil1 al?\gh sev]al ( ! mo/ int]e/+ are 9 color$ *alk4 ,sir ,edw>d ,burne-,jones 0 a memb] ( ! ,pre-,raphaelite ,bro!rhood1 :i* s\ght to displace ! conv5tionality ( ,engli% art ( ! p]iod by detail$ naturalism & ! my/ical s9c]ity ( ! ,italian primitives4 ,fire 9 ,+ram ,/reet1 ,p5cil ,draw+4 ,muirhead ,bone1 ,scot*1 #ahgf- ,fire 9 ,+ram ,/reet1 ,p5cil ,draw+4 ,muirhead ,bone1 ,scot*1 #ahgf- ,:at c be done ) lead p5cil by a man :o has sur5ess ( h& & ! p[] ( rapid decision is %[n 9 ?is f9e *>act]ization1 9 light & %ade1 ( ! ru9s ( a r[ ( build+s t rema9 9 desolation aft] fire has sp5t its fury4 ,portrait1 ,draw+ 9 ,*alk & ,wa%4 ,william ,/rang1 ,scot*1 #ahei- ,portrait1 ,draw+ 9 ,*alk & ,wa%4 ,william ,/rang1 ,scot*1 #ahei- ,mu*]a* ,ca/le1 ,draw+ 9 ,p5 & ,wa%4 ,david ,"y ,cam]on1 ,scot*1 #ahfe- ,mu*]a* ,ca/le1 ,draw+ 9 ,p5 & ,wa%4 ,david ,"y ,cam]on1 ,scot*1 #ahfe- ,cam]on's f9e emotional quality w\ld be inexpressible )\t 8 sure draughtsman%ip & p[] to compose4 ,w$more writes ( ,cam]on3 8,he is c]ta9ly1 ( liv+ ,briti% et*]s1 ! "o ^: "w excites among ! g5]ally cultivat$ public ! ke5e/ curiosity & evokes ! highe/ admiration40 ,tuscan ,l&scape1 ,draw+ 9 ,p5 & ,wa%4 ,muirhead ,bone1 ,scot*1 #ahgf- ,tuscan ,l&scape1 ,draw+ 9 ,p5 & ,wa%4 ,muirhead ,bone1 ,scot*1 #ahgf- ,/udy = an ,illu/ration1 ,draw+ 9 ,li?ographic ,crayon4 ,!ophile ,alex&re ,/e9l51 ,fr5*1 #ahei- ,/udy = an ,illu/ration1 ,draw+ 9 ,li?ographic ,crayon4 ,!ophile ,alex&re ,/e9l51 ,fr5*1 #ahei- ,an ,old ,rabbi1 ,p5cil ,draw+4 ,william ,ro!n/e91 ,engli%1 #ahgb- ,an ,old ,rabbi1 ,p5cil ,draw+4 ,william ,ro!n/e91 ,engli%1 #ahgb- ,,mod]n ,,sculpture ,playfulness4 ,paul ,man%ip1 #ahhe- ,playfulness4 ,paul ,man%ip1 #ahhe- ,gift$1 z he is1 ) an exceptional s5se ( /yle1 ! "y ,am]ican sculptor1 ,paul ,man%ip1 has well des]v$ ! prizes & praises :i* h be5 aw>d$ him4 ,he has a g5ius = ! con/ruction ( =ms :i* are highly g5]aliz$ )\t !reby los+ compactness & vivacity4 ,8 p[] 9 creat+ designs t are alive is h>dly m orig9al & p]sonal ?an 8 use ( antique & exotic =mulae 9 r5d]+ details su* z hair1 eyes & drap]ies4 ,=1 ?\gh ^! conv5tions are borr[$ f ar*aic ,greek1 ,assyrian1 & ,japanese sculpture1 !y are 9 ,man%ip's art p]fectly assimilat$ & put to novel uses full ( fre% _s & (t5 t\*$ ) an elfi% humor4 ,plaque1 ,la ,gu]re4 ,hub]t ,ponsc>me1 #ahbg-aijc ,plaque1 ,la ,gu]re4 ,hub]t ,ponsc>me1 #ahbg-aijc ,m$al1 ,l',art ,decorative1 by ,ovide ,y5cesse1 #ahfi- ,m$al1 ,l',art ,decorative1 by ,ovide ,y5cesse1 #ahfi- ,,! ,,brad/reet ,,room ,a ,corn] ( ! ,room ,a ,corn] ( ! ,room ,9 accordance ) wi%es express$ by ! late ,john ,scott ,brad/reet1 :o 0 deeply int]e/$ 9 ! "w ( ! ,society ( ,f9e ,arts1 8 si/]s1 ,mrs4 ,elizabe? ,b4 ,c>leton & ,mrs4 ,m>g>et ,kimball1 at ! op5+ ( ! new build+1 pres5t$ to ! ,society a collection ( ,japanese objects collect$ by ,mr4 ,brad/reet1 & arrang$ = ! in/allation ( !m 9 ! gall]y n[ kn[n z ! ,john ,scott ,brad/reet ,memorial ,room4 ,! room is mu* appreciat$ by visitors to ! ,in/itute4 ,re/ful & m>k$ by delightful h>mony ( color & =m1 x is a room su* z all ! fri5ds ( ,mr4 ,brad/reet feel sure he w\ld h approv$1 if he _h be5 sp>$ to witness ! success ( ! movem5t = :i* he c>$ s mu*4 ,! visitor1 ent]+ ! gall]y1 w probably notice fir/ ( all ! l>ge bronze b[l ) a dragon coil+ ab\t ! base1 exhibit$ 9 ! c5t] ( ! room4 ,on ! "r-h& wall1 ! c5tral space is occupi$ by a l>ge cupbo>d ( sugi wood 7,japanese c$>74 ,! slid+ doors are decorat$ ) a cont9u\s design ( blossom+ plum bran*es4 ,above ! cab9et1 on f\r panels1 is pa9t$ a spl5did design ( lotus fl[]s & leaves 9 gre51 black1 :ite1 & gold on ! natural surface ( ! wood4 ,a /one g>d5 ornam5t repres5t+ a cock p]*$ on a drum /&s to ! "r ( ! cupbo>d4 ,to ! left is a scre5 ( c>v$ wood1 topp$ by ! upw>d curv+ horizontal1 symbol ( ,%9toism1 & decorat$ by delightfully fanta/ic c>v+s %[+ kyl9s among cl\d scrolls4 ,aga9/ ! wall opposite ! door /&s an elaborate temple table cov]$ ) gold lacqu] & decorations 9 color1 includ+ a b&1 b5ea? ! top1 ( pleas+ little panels 9 pi]c$ c>v+ bas$ on bird & fl[] motives4 ,on ! left-h& side ( ! room are two cab9ets made ( ri*ly gra9$ sugi1 ! slid+ doors decorat$ ) pa9t$ lotus & crysan!mum designs4 ,on ! cab9ets /& a musical in/rum5t1 a c>v$ wood ,buddha ( b5ignly spiritual expression1 & o!r objects4 ,on ! wall are two c>v$ wood panels & a few woodblock pr9ts ( ! e>ly ,,xix c5tury4 ,a case conta9s "s ri* examples ( brocade1 includ+ two prie/'s robes4 ,ne> ! door hangs a bronze portrait relief ( ,mr4 ,brad/reet1 :i* 0 execut$ by ,paul ,fjelde1 ! son ( ,jacob ,fjelde1 kn[n to ! p ( ,m9neapolis ?r\gh 8 /atues ( ,ole ,bull & ,hiawa?a4 ,x is ! gift ( ab\t "o hundr$ ( ,mr4 ,brad/reet's fri5ds4 ,! portrait is model$ 9 l[ relief1 & ! decorative elem5t ( ! ,japanese tree introduc$ on "o side sugge/s ,mr4 ,brad/reet's fondness = ,ori5tal ,art4 ,! relief has receiv$ high comm5dation bo? z a lik5ess & z a "w ( art4 ,color ,pr9t4 ,yeizan1 fl\ri%$ #ahjj-ahcj ,color ,pr9t4 ,yeizan1 fl\ri%$ #ahjj-ahcj ,c>v$ ,panel4 ,,xviii ,c5tury ,c>v$ ,panel4 ,,xviii ,c5tury