,,univ]sity ,,( ,,ill9ois ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation ,,bullet9 ,,no4 #aeb ,,contagi\s ,,abortion ,,( ,,c[s ,,by ,w4 ,j4 ,,macneal ,,9 ,,coop]ation ,,) ,,h]b]t ,w4 ,,mum=d ,illu/ration ,,urbana1 ,,ill9ois1 ,,novemb]1 #aiaa ,,summ>y ,,( ,,bullet9 ,,no4 #aeb #a4 ,! exi/5ce ( a specific contagi\s disease caus+ abortion 9 c[s has be5 recogniz$ = a long "t1 & x is c]ta9 t ! disease kn[n abroad z infecti\s or contagi\s abortion is also preval5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #b4 ,! infecti\s ag5t is a bact]ium fir/ describ$ by ! ,dani% inve/igators1 ,bang & ,/ribolt4 ,?is microorganism has be5 isolat$ f abort+ c[s 9 v>i\s ,european c\ntries & 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #c4 ,bact]iological exam9ation ( aft]bir?s f abort+ c[s at ?is ,/ation reveal$ ! pres5ce ( ?is g]m4 #d4 ,to eradicate ! disease f a h]d1 ! affect$ c[s %\ld be isolat$1 & _! g5ital passages cleans$ once or twice daily ) an antiseptic solution until all dis*>ge has ceas$1 :5 !y may be return$ to ! h]d2 all infecti\s mat]ial 7aft]bir? & dis*>ges7 %\ld be burn$2 infect$ /alls %\ld be clean$ & dis9fect$2 ! %ea? ( ! h]d bull %\ld be cleans$ ) a dis9fectant solution be=e & aft] s]vice1 & a sep>ate1 clean bull %\ld be us$ = heif]s & clean c[s4 ,,contagi\s ,,abortion ,,( ,,c[s ,,by ,w4 ,j4 ,,macneal1 ,,assi/ant ,,*ief ,,9 ,,bact]iology1 ,,9 ,,coop]ation ,,) ,,h]b]t ,w4 ,,mum=d1 ,,*ief ,,9 ,,animal ,,husb&ry ,,introduction ,! premature dis*>ge ( ! products ( conception f ! ut]us is a n infrequ5t occurr5ce among dome/ic animals1 & d\btless v>i\s factors may f "t to "t op]ate 9 its causation4 ,= a long "t1 h[ev]1 practical husb&m5 h recogniz$ an epizootic or contagi\s k9d ( abortion1 a def9ite transmissible disease 9 :i* ! loss ( ! fetus is ! mo/ prom95t *>act]i/ic4 ,! transmissibility ( contagi\s abortion ( c[s appe>s to h be5 demon/rat$ exp]im5tally = ! fir/ "t by ,brau]4 ,exp]im5tal transmission has be5 p]=m$ by a numb] ( inve/igators subsequ5tly1 ! "w ( ,noc>d 7#ahhf7 furni%+ conclusive evid5ce ^u ?is po9t4 ,x is c]ta9 t a disease1 or possibly m ?an "o disease1 ( ?is nature is a s\rce ( s]i\s loss to ! live /ock indu/ry 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & !re c no long] be any d\bt t a consid]able "p ( ?is loss is due to ! def9ite specific disease preval5t on ! cont95t ( ,europe & 9 ,engl&1 & kn[n z ,contagi\s1 ,infecti\s1 or ,epizootic ,abortion4 ,! purpose ( ?is bullet9 is ! brief pres5tation ( "s ( ! facts conc]n+ ! cause1 prev5tion & re/riction ( ?is disease1 :i* h be5 e/abli%$ by mod]n inve/igation1 = ! in=mation ( m5 engag$ 9 live /ock production4 ,,bact]iological ,,inve/igations ,,else:]e ,noc>d c>ri$ out ! fir/ ext5sive bact]iological inve/igation ( contagi\s abortion4 ,9 microscopic prep>ations ( ! diseas$ plac5ta he 0 able to recognize num]\s %ort bacilli & micrococci4 ,^! 7 also f\nd 9 ! amniotic fluid4 ,he obta9$ pure cultures ( ^! two organisms1 b fail$ to induce abortion ^u inoculat+ ^! cultures into o!r animals4 ,nei!r ( ! g]ms obta9$ 9 culture c\ld !re=e be reg>d$ z ! causative ag5t 9 ! disease4 ,9 #ahie ,bang & ,/ribolt und]took ! inve/igation ( ?is disease1 & _! results are n[ g5]ally reg>d$ z ! mo/ important ( all ! contributions to ! /udy ( ?is subject4 ,a c[ %[+ all ! symptoms ( imp5d+ abortion 0 pur*as$ & slaught]$4 ,! unop5$ ut]us 0 remov$ to ! laboratory :]e x 0 op5$ ) special precautions to avoid all contam9ation4 ,an abundant1 grayi% yell[1 odorless exudate 0 f\nd betwe5 ! ovum & ! inn] wall ( ! ut]us4 ,^u /&+ ?is exudate sep>at$ into two lay]s1 a r$di% yell[ s]um above1 & a grayi% yell[ p>tly solid lay] bel[4 ,9 microscopic prep>ations ( ?is exudate1 /a9$ ) ,loeffl]'s me?yl5e blue1 num]\s v small bacilli 7 f\nd1 app>5tly 9 pure culture1 "s ( !m ly+ free1 b l>ge numb]s ( !m cr[d$ toge!r inside cells4 ,^! latt] appe>$ at fir/ to be micrococci1 b m c>eful exam9ation prov$ !m to be really %ort rods4 ,bang & ,/ribolt 7 able to cultivate ?is organism 9 tubes ( a gelat9-ag>-s]um m$ium1 ! g]m develop+ only 9 a p>ticul> zone beg9n+ ab\t #e mm4 b5ea? ! surface ( ! m$ium & ext5d+ d[nw>d #aj to #ae mm4 ,aft] consid]able "w ) cultures1 !y conclud$ t ! bacillus is nei!r an a]obe nor an ana]obe1 9 ! ord9>y s5se1 b exhibits a v peculi> behavior 9 respect to oxyg51 requir+ = its developm5t a p>tial pressure ( oxyg5 some:at less ?an t pres5t 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,!y 7 unable to obta9 gr[? ( ! g]m 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ord9>y atmosph]e1 nor 9 ! abs5ce ( oxyg5 7,pyrogallol me?od74 ,curi\sly en\gh1 by plac+ _! tube cultures 9 an atmosph]e ( pure oxyg51 !y obta9$ cultures develop+ 9 two zones1 "o ne> ! top & ! o!r ne> ! bottom ( ! tube1 indicat+ t !re are two optima 9 ! oxyg5 requirem5t ( ! organism4 ,?is v int]e/+ "* ( ! organism receiv$ great att5tion at _! h&s1 b nev]!less ,bang po9ts out t typical developm5t su* z he has pictur$ 0 n always obta9$1 a numb] ( factors seem+ to cause v>iation 9 ! position & ext5t ( ! developm5tal zones 9 ^! tube cultures4 ,by exhau/+ ! air above ! m$ium 9 ! tube1 ! gr[? 0 made to ext5d to ! surface4 ,9 ?is way !y 7 able to obta9 gr[? ( ! bacillus on plates1 b !y did n "w out a reliable plate me?od1 pref]r+ to employ ! dilution tube cultures = sep>ation 9 all _! "w4 ,bang & ,/ribolt subsequ5tly exam9$ pieces ( plac5ta f a l>ge numb] ( cases ( contagi\s abortion1 & f\nd ! bacillus microscopically 9 practically all cases4 ,sometimes !y 7 abundant1 9 o!r in/ances v sc>ce4 ,mo/ ( ?is mat]ial 0 badly contam9at$1 yet1 f t s5t 9 dur+ ! cold] season !y successfully isolat$ ! bacillus 9 pure culture 9 a majority ( ! cases4 ,9 ?ree fetuses ! bacillus 0 f\nd 9 ! inte/9al cont5ts 9 pure culture2 9 "o fetus x 0 isolat$ f ! blood4 ,two c[s ) mummifi$ fetus 9 ut]o 7 exam9$ po/ mortem4 ,^! fetuses _h be5 dead #i mon?s & #e mon?s respectively b ! surr\nd+ exudate /ill conta9$ ! abortion bacillus & pure cultures ( x 7 obta9$ f ea* case4 ,ut]9e exudate kept 9 ! refrig]ator /ill conta9$ liv+ abortion bacilli aft] sev5 mon?s4 ,hav+ f\nd ! same bacillus microscopically 9 a s]ies ( cases ( abortion1 & hav+ obta9$ x 9 pure culture f a numb] ( !m1 x n[ rema9$ = ,bang & ,/ribolt to produce ! disease by inoculation ( ^! cultures into heal?y animals4 ,f\r pregnant c[s 7 obta9$ )\t k ( _! previ\s hi/ory4 ,two ( !m 7 inoculat$ by intravag9al application ( pure cultures1 & two by intravag9al application ( pieces ( aft]bir? f abort+ c[s4 ,no abortion result$ 9 any ( ! c[s & at slaught] #ai to #bi days aft] inoculation1 !re 0 no evid5ce ( ! disease4 ,?is result 0 surpris+1 z ,brau] _h induc$ abortion by ! second ( ! above-m5tion$ proc$ures 9 f #i to #ba days1 ,lehn]t 9 f #ab to #bj days1 & ,tr9*]a 9 #i to #ac days4 ,! au?ors ?\ght t ! animals may h be5 immune on acc\nt ( a previ\s attack ( ! disease1 or t possibly ! int]val betwe5 innoculation & slaught] 7#ai to #bi days7 may h be5 too brief = ! disease to h develop$4 ,= ! next exp]im5t two c[s 7 pur*as$ f a region :]e abortion 0 unkn[n4 ,pregnancy began ,janu>y #ad & ,janu>y #af1 #ahif4 ,on ,april #ad1 a ri* culture ( ! abortion bacillus 0 inject$ well up into ! ant]ior end ( ! vag9al canal ( ea* ( ^! c[s4 ,! inoculation 0 repeat$ 9 ! same way on ,may #bc1 & aga9 on ,june #d4 ,"o c[ abort$ ,june #bd1 ! fetus evid5tly hav+ be5 dead "s days4 ,! abortion bacillus 0 isolat$ f ! aft]bir?4 ,! o!r c[ %[$ ! signs ( imp5d+ abortion on ,june #bc1 & 0 slaught]$ on ,june #bd4 ,! condition inside ! ut]us resembl$ 9 e respect t obs]v$ 9 ! c[ f :i* ! orig9al culture _h be5 isolat$1 & ! bacillus 0 pres5t 9 pure culture4 ,9 ^! c[s ! disease _h appe>$ #aj weeks aft] ! fir/ inoculation4 ,a ?ird c[ 0 inoculat$ by intravag9al application ,janu>y #ai1 #ahig1 & subcutane\sly ,m>* #f1 9 bo? in/ances ) pure cultures ( ! bacillus4 ,premature deliv]y ( a liv+ calf occurr$ ,april #i1 #hj days aft] ! fir/ inoculation4 ,abortion 0 also caus$ 9 %eep by intravag9al application & by intrav5\s injection ( pure cultures4 ,inoculation by ! latt] me?od prov$ to be m c]ta9 9 ^! animals1 & ! incubation p]iod aft] intrav5\s injection 0 only #g days 9 "o case & #ab days 9 ano!r4 ,intrav5\s inoculation ( a m>e result$ 9 a premature deliv]y aft] #bh days4 ,9 all ^! cases ! bacillus 0 recov]$ f ! aft]bir?4 ,9 #aijb1 ,preisz at ,budape/ isolat$ ! same bacillus f two cases ( contagi\s abortion 9 c[s4 ,he confirm$ ! f9d+s ( ,bang 9 respect to ! oxyg5 requirem5ts ( ! organism1 & 0 able to obta9 cultures by a v>iety ( me?ods on ord9>y m$ia4 ,app>5tly 8 cultures 7 less vigor\s ?an ^? ( ,bang1 = !y soon di$ out1 _! resi/ance to g]micides 0 slight1 & all 8 inoculations into animals1 includ+ two pregnant c[s1 two pregnant gu9ea pigs1 & "o pregnant rabbit1 z well z a numb] ( o!r small animals1 7 )\t positive result4 ,preisz nam$ ! organism ,corynebact]ium abortus endemici 7s4 infectiosi74 ,9 #aijh1 ,n[ak at ! ,univ]sity ( ,krakau 9 ,au/ria made a v important contribution to ! /udy ( ?is disease4 ,he f\nd ! culture me?od ( ,bang & ,/ribolt v useful = ! id5tification ( ! organism :5 obta9able 9 pure culture1 & :5 ! contam9at+ bact]ia 7 few 9 numb]4 ,:5 o!r bact]ia 7 num]\s1 z is frequ5tly ! case 9 mat]ial obta9$ = exam9ation1 he f\nd ?is me?od difficult4 ,! pyrogallol me?od ( ,preisz also prov$ to be unreliable 9 8 h&s4 ,ev5tually he devis$ a me?od ( plate culture :i* prov$ to be v useful4 ,ord9>y ag> 0 melt$ & cool$ to #ej deg4 ,c4 !n mix$ ) ab\t "o f\r? its volume ( naturally /]ile blood s]um1 & p\r$ into /]ile ,petri di%es :]e x 0 all[$ to solidify4 ,! piece ( plac5ta or o!r mat]ial to be exam9$ 0 !n /reak$ ov] sev]al ( ^! plates 9 succession1 & ! plates 7 incubat$ = #bd h\rs at #cg deg4 ,c41 to all[ contam9at+ bact]ia to develop4 ,! plates 7 next plac$ 9 a glass j> toge!r ) a culture ( ,bacillus subtilis1 "o squ>e c5timet] ( culture surface ( ! latt] organism be+ provid$ = ea* #ae cc4 capacity ( ! j>4 ,! j> 0 seal$ & plac$ at #cg deg4 ,c4 = ?ree days1 at ! end ( :i* "t excell5t surface colonies ( ,bang's bacillus 7 obta9$4 ,by ! application ( ?is me?od ,n[ak has succe$$ 9 isolat+ ! bacillus f ! blood & inte/9al cont5ts ( a numb] ( fetuses1 & f ut]9e dis*>ge1 :5 o!r me?ods fail$4 ,he has also obs]v$ t "o c\ld gradually decrease ! am\nt ( culture surface ( ,b4 subtilis employ$ 9 succe$+ cultures & ev5tually get ! bacillus ( ,bang to gr[ 9 ! pres5ce ( atmosph]ic air1 al?o ! cultures 7 relatively poor ones4 ,n[ak also confirm$ ,bang by obta9+ cultures 9 an atmosph]e ( ne>ly pure oxyg51 z well z 9 ord9>y air "u a pressure ( ?ree atmosph]es4 ,8 cultures 7 evid5tly vigor\s = "s ( !m 7 successfully transplant$ aft] two ye>s4 ,n[ak us$ ord9>y ag> z a m$ium ) consid]able success1 & f\nd glucose ag> to be almo/ z favorable to ! gr[? ( ! bacillus4 ,= ! detection ( ! g]m 9 pa?ological mat]ial1 h[ev]1 ^! m$ia prov$ to be inf]ior to ! s]um-ag> mixture 9 sev]al cases4 ,cultures 7 obta9$ 9 bro? & 9 milk )\t coagulation1 contr>y to ! /atem5t ( ,preisz4 ,no gas 0 produc$ 9 sug> bro?4 ,n[ak inoculat$ a numb] ( pregnant laboratory animals1 & produc$ abortion ) great regul>ity 9 gu9ea pigs & rabbits by subcutane\s1 intrav5\s & intrap]itoneal injection4 ,he did n succe$ 9 produc+ abortion by intravag9al application nor by fe$+4 ,no te/s 7 made ^u l>g] animals mu* to 8 regret1 z 9 8 op9ion ! exp]im5ts ( ,bang ^u c[s /ill left some?+ to be desir$ 9 ! way ( exp]im5tal evid5ce4 ,mc,fadyean & ,/ockman 7#aiji7 h inve/igat$ ! contagi\s abortion ( cattle 9 ,great ,brita91 & h f\nd x to be id5tical ) t /udi$ by ,bang 9 ,d5m>k4 ,!y 7 able to produce ! disease 9 c[s by intrav5\s injection ( natural virus & ( active pure cultures1 )\t a failure 9 eight exp]im5ts4 ,by intravag9al application !y caus$ ! disease twice ) cultures & ?ree times ) natural virus1 b also fail$ to obta9 any result 9 ?ree trials ) ! natural virus4 ,subcutane\s inoculation 0 successful ?ree times 9 five trials4 ,by fe$+ !y produc$ ! disease ?ree times 9 f\r trials4 ,^! au?ors consid] +e/ion to be an important mode ( contract+ contagi\s abortion 9 nature4 ,zwick 7#aiaj7 has made a prelim9>y report ( ! bact]iological inve/igation ( contagi\s abortion at ! ,g]man ,imp]ial ,heal? ,(fice4 ,by a comp>ative /udy ( cultures1 ! unity ( ! disease 9 ,d5m>k1 ,g]many1 ,engl&1 & ,holl& has be5 e/abli%$4 ,c]ta9 individual diff]5ces 7 detect$ 9 ! v>i\s culture /ra9s exam9$1 & x 0 f\nd t ! bacillus c\ld be readily cultivat$ ^u v>i\s ord9>y laboratory m$ia1 & t x c\ld also adapt itself to an a]obic exi/5ce1 ?us confirm+ ! "w ( ,n[ak4 ,9 "o in/ance ! bacillus grew a]obically imm$iately ^u isolation f ! animal body4 ,abortion 0 induc$ 9 %eep1 goats1 & rabbits by intrav5\s injection1 intravag9al application1 & also by fe$+4 ,"w ^u ! use ( abort9 7analog\s to tub]cul97 = diagnosis1 & ^u ! agglut9ation & complem5t fixation te/s1 0 9 progress at ! "t ! report 0 made4 ,,bact]iological ,,obs]vations ,,& ,,exp]im5ts ,,at ,,?is ,,/ation ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates contagi\s abortion is widespread1 & has be5 recogniz$ = a numb] ( ye>s by practical husb&m5 z an important economic factor 9 animal indu/ry4 ,epidemiological /udies h rec5tly be5 report$ f ,arizona & ,connecticut4 ,at ! ,ill9ois ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation ! beef cattle h]d has suff]$ consid]able loss f abortion = sev]al ye>s pa/1 & ! pres5ce ( contagi\s abortion _h be5 recogniz$ by ,pr(essor ,mum=d1 al?o ?is diagnosis 0 disput$ by o!r au?orities4 ,9 ord] to settle ! "q x seem$ be/ to und]take a bact]iological /udy ( ! disease4 ,?is seem$ ! m desirable because1 s f> z we h asc]ta9$1 !re 0 no kn[n microorganism g5]ally recogniz$ & accept$ z ! cause ( ! disease 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! bacillus describ$ by ,bang hav+ be5 f\nd only 9 ,europe & 8 "w hav+ fail$ to be confirm$ by ,am]ican inve/igators4 ,altoge!r eighte5 p>turi5t c[s h be5 exam9$ bact]iologically4 ,t5 ( ^! calv$ at t]m & ! bir?s appe>$ to be normal4 ,! abortion bacillus 0 n f\nd 9 any ( ^!4 ,eight 7 cases ( premature deliv]y1 & ( ^!1 six appe>$ cl9ically to be cases ( contagi\s abortion4 ,plac5tal tissue f two ( ^! cases 0 exam9$ by ! ,n[ak plate me?od & a bacillus isolat$1 app>5tly id5tical ) t isolat$ by ,bang 9 ,d5m>k & by ,n[ak 9 ,au/ria4 ,! organism is a v small %ort rod1 usually oval 9 %ape1 f #j4h mu to #b4j mu long by #j4g mu wide1 practically always s+le1 r>ely 9 %ort ?reads ( two to f\r cells4 ,x is n motile1 & does n =m spores4 ,x /a9s ) mod]ate rapidity ) ! ord9>y anil9 dyes1 & is decoloriz$ by ,gram's me?od4 ,! colonies on s]um-ag> are rais$1 ) smoo? circul> bord]s1 appe>+ almo/ l drops ( dew4 ,!y are transp>5t & v cle>1 ) a blui% gray color by transmitt$ light4 ,"u ! microscope a few co>se granules may be se5 ne> ! c5t] ( ! colony b ! great] "p ( x appe>s v homog5\s & almo/ wat]-cle>4 ,! appe>ance ( ! colony is really a v *>act]i/ic feature ( ! organism & enables "o to di/+ui% readily ! colony ( ! abortion bacillus f o!r colonies on ! s]um-ag> plates4 ,! behavior t[>d oxyg5 is ano!r "* ^u :i* consid]able reliance may be plac$ 9 ! id5tification ( /ra9s rec5tly isolat$ f ! animal body4 ,?is is te/$ by transplant+ ! colonies f ! s]um-ag> plates to two s]ies ( ag> /reak sub-cultures1 ( :i* "o s]ies is incubat$ 9 ! atmosph]ic air & ! o!r 9 ! clos$ j> toge!r ) cultures ( ,b4 subtilis4 ,unless ! gr[? "u ! latt] condition is mu* bett] ?an ! gr[? outside ! j>1 ! culture may be disc>d$ z "o n belong+ to ?is species4 ,a f9al important te/ 9 id5tification is t ( pa?og5icity4 ,n[ak induc$ abortion 9 pregnant gu9ea pigs ) great regul>ity by subcutane\s1 intrap]itoneal1 & intrav5\s injection ( pure cultures ( ! abortion bacillus4 ,s f>1 f\r pregnant gu9ea pigs h be5 inoculat$ subcutane\sly ) ! pure cultures isolat$ by u1 & ! inoculation has be5 foll[$ by premature evacuation ( ! ut]us ) dea? ( ! fetuses 9 #c-a_/b #h1 #f1 & #g days respectively4 ,9 ! fir/ gu9ea pig ! two fetuses 7 practically fully develop$ & cov]$ ) hair4 ,9 ?is in/ance ! abortion bacillus 0 isolat$ only f ! subcutane\s tissue ( ! "m at ! po9t ( inoculation1 ! cultures f ! ut]us1 ! plac5ta1 & ! fetuses rema9+ negative4 ,9 ! o!r ?ree cases ! fetuses 7 undevelop$ & ! condition 0 t ( a true abortion4 ,9 ^! in/ances ! abortion bacillus 0 demon/rat$ by culture te/s at ! po9t ( inoculation 9 pure culture 9 two1 9 mix$ culture 9 ! o!r "o2 9 ! int]ior ( ! ut]us 9 pure culture 9 all ?ree2 9 ea* ( ! f\r plac5tae ( two cases 9 mix$ culture1 z ^! plac5tae _h be5 pass$ "s "t be=e !y 7 f\nd1 & 9 ! ?ree plac5tae ( ! o!r case 9 pure culture2 9 ! liv]s ( all ?ree fetuses ( ! "o case 9 pure culture1 b n 9 ! o!r f\r fetuses2 9 ! he>t blood ( ! "m 9 pure culture 9 "o case1 b n 9 ! o!r two cases4 ,9 all ^! te/s ! "m gu9ea pig 0 kill$ by *lor(orm soon aft] ! abortion _h occurr$4 ,f ! results ( ^! te/s we h conclud$ t ! bacillus isolat$ by u f abort+ c[s is id5tical ) t isolat$ by ,bang & by ,n[ak4 ,fur!r1 ! inve/igations ( ,bang1 ,preisz1 ,n[ak1 ,mc,fadyean & ,/ockman1 & ,zwick1 seem to ju/ify ! acceptance ( ?is organism z ! infecti\s ag5t 9 ! contagi\s abortion ( cattle4 ,! pr9ciples ( bact]iological nom5clature h n z yet be5 univ]sally adopt$1 & mo/ ( ! inve/igators quot$ 9 ?is pap] h avoid$ ! use ( a specific "n = ! abortion bacillus4 ,bang himself seems n to h giv5 x a b9omial designation1 b he repeat$ly employ$ ! t]m ,abortusbacillus z a specific t]m4 ,*e/] 7#aija7 has nam$ ! organism ,bact]ium abortivum ) ! synonym ,bacillus ( contagi\s abortion 9 c[s1 ,bang4 ,preisz 7#aijb7 sugge/$ ! "n ,corynebact]ium abortus endemici 7s4 infecti\si74 ,?is g5]ic "n ,corynebact]ium appe>s to be incorrect1 z ! organism is v diff]5t f ^? to :i* ?is "n has be5 previ\sly appli$4 ,x w\ld seem be/ to employ ! m g5]al t]m ,bacillus 7or ,bact]ium7 z a confess$ly tempor>y g5]ic "n until a m def9ite g5]ic nom5clature ( bact]ia %all h be5 develop$ & g5]ally adopt$4 ,9 det]m9+ ! specific "n x w\ld seem t ! t]m ,abortusbacillus employ$ by its discov]] z e>ly z #aijg %\ld receive fir/ consid]ation4 ,we#a h !re=e sugge/$ ! "n ,bacillus 7or ,bact]ium7 abortus1 ,bang1 = ?is organism4 ,! t]m abortus1 be+ 9 ! g5itive case1 may be employ$ ) ei!r g5]ic t]m4 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #a3 ,mac,neal & ,k]r1 #aiaj4 ,,re/riction ,,& ,,eradication ,,( ,,! ,,disease ,reliable me?ods = re/rict+ ! spread ( contagi\s abortion & = eradicat+ x f a h]d may be expect$ z ! result ( m complete & accurate k ( ! nature ( ! disease & its mode ( spread4 ,"s ( ^! me?ods1 su* z t ( artificial immunization1 are be+ te/$ exp]im5tally by ! ,dep>tm5tal ,committee appo9t$ by ! ,briti% ,bo>d ( ,agriculture & ,fi%]ies to inquire into ,epizootic ,abortion4 ,until ^! me?ods h be5 develop$ beyond ! exp]im5tal /age1 ! old] m or less empirical me?ods w h to be reli$ ^u4 ,=tunately ^! old] me?ods c n[ be subject$ to c>eful scrut9y 9 ! light ( mod]n k ( ! disease1 & !y h be5 /udi$ 9 ?is way by ! ,briti% ,committee m5tion$ above4 ,! foll[+ summ>y has be5 copi$1 ) only slight abridgm5t & v few alt]ations1 f ! report ( ?is ,committee4 ,! me?ods :i* h be5 reli$ ^u 9 ! pa/ = ! prev5tion ( abortion & its eradication f a h]d are3-- 7#a7 ,p]iodical spray+ ( ! ext]nal g5ital organs & h9d qu>t]s ) dis9fectant solutions4 7#b7 ,isolation ( animals z soon z !y %[ ! premonitory signs ( abortion4 7#c7 ,int]nal adm9i/ration ( c>bolic acid to animals suppos$ to be infect$ or expos$ to infection4 7#d7 ,irrigation ( ! g5ital organs ( animals :i* h abort$ ) antiseptic solutions4 7#e7 ,removal & disposal ( animals :i* h abort$4 7#f7 ,! keep+ ( a special bull = s]v+ animals :i* h abort$1 or1 :at is bas$ on ! same idea1 ! dis9fection ( ! ext]nal g5ital organs ( ! bull ) antiseptic solutions aft] he has s]v$ su* a c[4 7#g7 ,de/ruction ( ! abortion membranes1 & dis9fection ( ! p>ts ( ! build+s1 litt]1 etc41 ) :i* ! infective mat]ial has come 9 contact4 7#h7 ,! keep+ ( a goat1 especially a male goat1 9 a byre ) ! c[s4 ,x _c be said ( ! above measures t ei!r s+ly or collectively !y h br\ght ab\t any mat]ial improvem5t 9 ! g5]al condition ( our h]ds 9 relation to abortion4 ,accord+ to reports1 decid$ improvem5ts h be5 effect$ 9 individual h]ds by ! adoption ( isolation & dis9fection1 :ile 9 o!rs v little has be5 accompli%$4 ,"s ( ! above me?ods are f\nd$ on no?+ m ?an ignorant empiricism1 :ile o!rs are bas$ ^u pa?ological & physiological consid]ations :i* are only p>tially correct 9 _! applications4 ,s9ce mo/ ( !m h obta9$ a c]ta9 am\nt ( hold1 at lea/ on ! m9ds ( /ock[n]s1 x may be useful to discuss ea* measure sep>ately 9 ! light ( our rec5t inve/igations4 ,spray+ ( ! ,ext]nal ,g5ital ,organs4--,?is is a proc$ure :i* probably has little or no value4 7,abridg$47 ,isolation ( ,animals z soon z !y %[ ,signs ( ,abortion4--,! necessity = ?is measure is obvi\s1 & its importance _c be too mu* insi/$ on4 ,an infect$ animal only becomes infective to o!rs imm$iately be=e ! act ( abortion1 & may rema9 s = "s weeks aft]w>ds4 ,h[ev]1 only a proportion ( ! affect$ animals %[ premonitory signs1 & q a numb] may abort among/ _! companions )\t w>n+4 ,"u su* conditions1 !n1 measures ( imm$iate isolation lose mu* ( _! und\bt$ !oretical value1 ow+ to ! difficulty 9 ! way ( c>ry+ !m out 9 practice4 ,!re is n likely to be any s]i\s difficulty 9 diagnos+ ! bact]ial disease aft] an act ( abortion1 ev5 9 an isolat$ case1 if ! membranes are available 9 a reasonably fre% /ate4 7,abridg$47 ,isolation ( ! affect$ animals1 h[ev]1 mu/ be complete be=e & aft] ! act to be ( any real value4 ,hav+ reg>d to :at appe>s to be ! mo/ common =m ( infection1 viz41 by +e/ion1 we d n ?9k t any?+ mat]ial is to be ga9$ by m]ely putt+ all ! c[s ab\t to abort & ^? :i* h abort$ at ! l[] end ( a byre1 s t ! infective dis*>ges may n come 9 contact ) ! ext]nal g5ital organs ( _! fell[s1 unless we assume t infection frequ5tly takes place by an animal lick+ virul5t mat]ial f a "p ( its body :]e x has be5 deposit$ by flicks ( ! tail :i* has be5 contam9at$ by ly+ 9 ! gutt] beh9d ! /alls4 ,int]nal ,adm9i/ration ( ,c>bolic ,acid4--,! uselessness ( c>bolic acid & o!r antiseptics z curative ag5ts has already be5 ref]r$ to4 ,z a prev5tive ag5t by int]nal adm9i/ration we believe c>bolic acid to be equally useless4 ,ev5 if x 7 possible to adm9i/] v l>ge doses ( ?is poison\s sub/ance1 "o c\ld n expect to be able to give en\gh to de/roy ! bacilli :i* h be5 swall[$ & mix$ ) ! cont5ts ( ! enorm\s /oma*s & inte/9es1 & x w\ld be equally hopeless to expect to de/roy 9 ?is way ! bacilli :i* h already rea*$ ! womb4 ,?is alleg$ measure ( prev5tion mu/ be reg>d$ z an absurdity :i* has ga9$ a c]ta9 am\nt ( support ow+ to obs]vations c>elessly collat$ & c>elessly int]pret$4 ,irrigation ( ! ,g5ital ,passages aft] ,abortion4--,) ! act ( abortion ! great] "p ( ! ut]9e exudate is imm$iately eject$4 ,t "s ( x rema9s beh9d = a %ort p]iod is c]ta91 s9ce we 7 able to demon/rate abortion bacilli 9 mat]ial obta9$ f ! vag9a ( a heif] ?ree days aft] %e _h abort$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 no abortion bacilli c\ld be f\nd 9 ! ut]us ( ano!r heif] a mon? aft] %e _h abort$4 ,x seems probable t1 z a rule1 ! g5ital organs cleanse !mselves by natural means a comp>atively %ort "t aft] abortion has tak5 place4 ,almo/ imm$iately aft] abortion & expulsion ( ! membranes ! ut]us contracts1 & its int]nal surfaces come into apposition4 ,its condition is su* t x w\ld n be possible to =ce fluid into x ) a pump f ! vag9a4 ,ap>t !n1 f ! probability t dis9fection ( ! ut]us by antiseptics is n necess>y to rid ! organ ( abortion bacilli1 we are ( op9ion t x is futile to attempt x by irrigation me?ods4 ,s long z a dis*>ge cont9ues to come f ! g5ital passages1 we ?9k t = hygi5ic & !rapeutic reasons !y ought to be cleans$ once or twice by ! intravag9al injection ( tepid antiseptic solutions1 su* z a #b p] c5t solution ( c>bolic acid or a #a 9 #c1jjj solution ( corrosive sublimate1 b n on ! gr\nd t ! injections w dis9fect ! ut]us4 ,we are ( op9ion t x w seldom be necess>y to cont9ue ! injections = m ?an a mon?1 & t aft] ?ree mon?s !re %\ld be small risk 9 putt+ ! c[ to ! bull1 provid$ %e is aft]w>ds protect$ f fre% infection4 ,removal & disposal ( ,animals :i* h abort$4--,x is q a preval5t cu/om to fe$ = ! but*] c[s :i* h abort$4 ,x is also cu/om>y to sell su* c[s alive 9 ! op5 m>ket4 ,! second cu/om we consid] likely to introduce disease to o!r e/abli%m5ts1 unless ! animals h ceas$ to dis*>ge2 !y %\ld1 we ?9k1 be kept = at lea/ ?ree mon?s aft] abortion be=e be+ s5t = sale4 ,! fir/ cu/om is less objectionable ?an ! second1 b we ?9k t a bre$] w be m likely to get rid ( abortion f 8 h]ds by keep+ su* animals ?an by dispos+ ( !m & br++ 9 new ones be=e 8 entire h]d is free f ! disease4 ,!re c be no d\bt t 9 mo/ cases an attack ( ! disease greatly increases an animal's resi/ance to future attacks1 & t 9 a l>ge proportion ( ! affect$1 probably 9 ! majority1 ?is resi/ance is suffici5t to =tify !m aga9/ infection dur+ _! next pregnancy4 ,x is beyond d\bt t a consid]able proportion may abort twice 9 succession1 b x is n improbable t inoculation me?ods may n[ be successfully employ$ to exalt _! resi/ance4 ,9 ! mid/ ( infection !re is no bett] gu>antee aga9/ ! disease ?an ! possession ( an immune /ock1 & = ?is reason we consid] t on infect$ premises ! animals :i* h already abort$ are to be look$ ^u z valuable assets = purposes ( eradication1 mu* m valuable ?an ! new & susceptible animals br\ght 94 ,we f9d1 h[ev]1 t a small proportion ( c[s w n hold to ! bull = an indef9ite p]iod aft] abortion1 & x may be f\nd bett] to fatt5 (f su* animals1 unless !y are ( high value4 ,! ,keep+ ( a ,special ,bull = ,c[s :i* h abort$4--,we h already /at$ t we d n consid] ! bull a factor ( ! fir/ importance 9 ! dissem9ation ( abortion b t infection by means ( a contam9at$ bull mu/ be look$ ^u z a di/9ct possibility4 ,we ?9k1 !re=e1 t !re is some?+ to be said 9 favor ( keep+ a bull = ! s]vice ( c[s :i* h abort$1 &1 :5 t is n possible1 ( dis9fect+ ! ext]nal g5ital organs ( ! bull aft] he has s]v$ su* c[s4 ,( c\rse1 if ! c[s c be immuniz$ ! same bull might be us$ = all4 ,we d n ?9k t c[s f a clean e/abli%m5t %\ld be s5t ev5 to a clean bull on infect$ premises1 & x is also inadvisable t c[s f infect$ premises %\ld be s5t to a bull on a clean e/abli%m5t4 ,de/ruction ( ,virul5t ,mat]ial & dis9fection ( ev]y?+ contam9at$ by x4--,! imm$iate dis9fection ( ! virul5t mat]ials & contam9at$ objects is ( great importance1 m especially z x appe>s t ! natural virus may rema9 active = a long "t outside ! body4 ,! soil$ litt]1 dung1 exudate1 membranes1 & fetus %\ld all be remov$ at once1 pref]ably aft] !y h be5 treat$ ) cau/ic lime4 ,aft] removal !y %\ld be soak$ 9 p>aff9 & burn$1 or buri$ 9 a deep pit1 pref]ably ! =m]4 ,on no acc\nt %\ld ! fetus & membranes be f$ to pigs or dogs4 ,:5 a fetus is abort$ alive1 z sometimes happ5s1 x seldom survives long1 & x is advisable to kill & de/roy x1 s9ce x may excrete abundance ( virul5t mat]ial f its inte/9es if all[$ to live4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x be decid$ n to kill x1 x %\ld imm$iately be isolat$4 ,! walls ( ! /all & ! floor %\ld be wa%$ or /rewn ?ickly ) cau/ic lime1 or dr5*$ freely ) boil+ wat]4 ,! temp]ature necess>y to kill ! bacillus is n great1 & ?is simple me?od ( dis9fection %\ld prove efficaci\s4 ,la/ly1 ! boots1 clo?+1 & h&s ( att5dants %\ld be dis9fect$ by mak+ use ( any reliable dis9fectant1 su* z #c or #d p] c5t solution ( c>bolic acid4 ,! keep+ ( a ,goat among/ ! ,c[s4--,?is1 we believe c only h _h its orig9 9 ignorant sup]/ition1 b we feel b\nd to m5tion x1 z ! "q ( its efficacy has q frequ5tly be5 s]i\sly put to u4 ,we w\ld po9t out t goats !mselves c be infect$ ) cattle abortion1 & t bo? male & female goats 7 on our premises dur+ ! great] "p ( ! "t occupi$ ) ! cattle exp]im5ts1 & _! pres5ce did n prev5t animals f abort+4 ,prev5tive ,inoculation4--,?is is /ill 9 ! exp]im5tal /age & def9ite results are hop$ =4 7,abridg$47 ,! ,committee refra9$ f mak+ any recomm5dations 9 reg>d to measures to be tak5 by ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture & ,fi%]ies = ! prev5tion ( ! disease4 ,exp]i5ce 9 connection ) ! beef cattle h]d at ! ,ill9ois ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation ) ! me?ods ( isolation1 c>eful disposal ( infect$ mat]ial1 clean+ & dis9fection ( infect$ /alls1 antiseptic irrigation ( ! g5ital passages ( c[s :i* _h abort$1 & antiseptic irrigation ( ! bull be=e & aft] s]vice1 toge!r ) ! use ( a special bull = heif]s & clean c[s1 has be5 v satisfactory4 ,^! measures 7 appli$ "u ! direction ( ,pr(essor ,h4 ,w4 ,mum=d & ,mr4 ,h4 ,o4 ,allison4 ,dur+ ! ye> previ\s to ! inauguration ( ^! measures a l>ge p]c5tage ( ! calves 7 lo/ by abortion4 ,a decid$ improvem5t 9 respect to ! numb] ( calves sav$ 0 co9cid5t ) ! use ( ! proc$ures m5tion$ above4 ,!y 7 appli$ to ea* case ( abortion z x occurr$1 until 9 ! c\rse ( two ye>s abortions h become v infrequ5t & ! h]d is n[ consid]$ free f ! disease4 ,x %\ld be not$1 h[ev]1 t ^? c[s :i* _h abort$ 7 n necess>ily dispos$ (1 b aft] local irrigation treatm5t until ! dis*>ge _h ceas$1 !y 7 br$ aga94 ,"s ( ! improvem5t 9 ! h]d has1 !re=e1 d\btless be5 due m]ely to ! ret5tion ( relatively immune c[s4 ,al?o ! exp]i5ce "h has be5 r =tunate & ! results obta9$ seem to be> "s relation to ! employm5t ( ! measures deem$ wor?y by ! ,briti% ,committee1 we hesitate to /ate t !re 0 any necess>y relation betwe5 !m1 because cattle m5 h obs]v$ some:at simil> improvem5t 9 h]ds )\t ! use ( any treatm5t at all4 ,9 o!r words1 !re appe>s to be a t5d5cy = ! disease sometimes to die out 9 a h]d or to become quiesc5t = a ye> or two4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! recomm5dations ( ! ,briti% ,committee support$ z !y seem to be by our local exp]i5ce1 c]ta9ly w>rant ! recomm5dation ( ^! measures = use 9 combat+ contagi\s abortion4 ,9 any ev5t good results _c be expect$ )\t intellig5t1 c>eful1 & pa9/ak+ "w1 & x may be t "s ( ! failures 9 apply+ ^! measures h result$ f lack ( effici5cy 9 apply+ !m r ?an f insuffici5cy ( ! measures !mselves4 ,ref]5ces #a4 ,bang4 ,die ,aetiologie des seu*5haft5 7infectioes57 ,v]w]t5s4 ,zts*r4 f4 ,?i]m$4 #a3 #bda-bgh4 #ahig4 #b4 ,bo>d ( ,agriculture & ,fi%]ies 7,great ,brita974 ,report ( ! ,dep>tm5tal ,committee to inquire into ,epizootic ,abortion4 ,"p #a4 ,epizootic ,abortion 9 ,cattle4 ,london1 #aiji4 #c4 ,*e/]4 ,a ,manual ( ,det]m9ative ,bact]iology4 #aija4 #d4 ,mc,fadyean & ,/ockman4 ,epizootic ,abortion4 ,report4 ,dept4 ,com4 ,bd4 ,agr4 & ,fi%]ies4 7,gt4 ,brit471 ,app5dix to ,"p ,i1 #aiji4 ,review 9 ,expt4 ,/a4 ,record #bb3 #ehd-ehf4 #aiaj4 #e4 ,mac,neal & ,k]r4 ,bacillus abortus ( ,bang1 ! cause ( contagi\s abortion 9 cattle4 ,j\r4 ,infect4 ,diseases #g3 #dfi-dge 7#aiaj74 #f4 ,noc>d1 ,review by ,bang4 ,zts*r4 f4 ,?i]m$1 #a3 #bdc-bdf4 #ahig4 #g4 ,n[ak4 ,le bacille de ,bang et sa biologie4 ,annales de l',in/itut ,pa/eur #bb3 #eda-edf4 #aijh4 #h4 ,preisz4 ,d] ,bacillus des seu*5haft5 ,v]w]f5s4 ,c5tralbl4 f4 ,bakt4 etc41 ,i ,abt4 ,orig4 #cc3 #aij-aif 7#aijc74 #i4 ,zwick4 ,ueb] d5 ,erreg] des infectioes5 ,abortus des ,r9des4 ,c5tralbl4 f4 ,bakt4 etc41 ,beilage zu ,i ,abt4 ,ref4 #dg3 #bai-bbj4 #aiaj4 99 99 99 99 99 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,bold text is m>k$ l s 9 ! text v]sion ( ?is docum5t4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- 99 99 99 99 99