,transcrib]'s note3 ,all ef=ts h be5 made to reproduce ?is book z pr9t$4 ,besides ! obvi\s typographical errors1 no attempt has be5 made to correct or equalize ! punctuation or spell+ ( ! ,engli% or ! ,fr5* ( ! orig9al book4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,! ,,ca!drals ,,( ,,s\!rn ,,france ,! ,ca!dral ,s]ies ,! foll[+1 ea* #a vol41 libr>y #abmo1 clo?1 gilt top1 pr(usely illu/rat$4 #b4ej ,! ,ca!drals ( ,nor!rn ,france ,,by ,,francis ,,milt\n ,! ,ca!drals ( ,s\!rn ,france ,,by ,,francis ,,milt\n ,! ,ca!drals ( ,engl& ,,by ,,m>y ,j4 ,,tab] ,! foll[+1 ea* #a vol41 libr>y #abmo1 clo?1 gilt top1 pr(usely illu/rat$4 ,net1 #b4jj ,! ,ca!drals & ,*ur*es ( ! ,rh9e ,,by ,,francis ,,milt\n ,! ,ca!drals ( ,nor!rn ,spa9 ,,by ,,*>les ,,rudy ,l4 ,c4 ,,page ,,company ,new ,engl& ,build+1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,&r 444 de ,,bordeaux ,,! ,,ca!drals ,,( ,,s\!rn ,,france ,by ,,francis ,,milt\n ,,au?or ,,( ,,! ,,ca!drals ,,( ,,nor!rn ,,france1 ,,dick5s' ,,london1 ,,etc41 ,,) ,,n9ety ,,illu/rations1 ,,plans1 ,,& ,,diagrams1 ,by ,,blan*e ,mc,m,a,n,u,s ,illu/ration ,,bo/on ,l4 ,c4 ,page & ,company ,,mdccccv ,copyright1 #aijd ,,by ,l4 ,c4 ,,page ,,company 7,,incorporat$7 ,all rights res]v$ ,publi%$ ,augu/1 #aijd ,?ird ,impression ,colonial ,press ,electrotyp$ & ,pr9t$ by ,c4 ,h4 ,simonds ,co4 ,bo/on1 ,mass41 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,introduction #aa ,,"p ,i4 ,,s\!rn ,,france ,,9 ,,g5]al ,i4 ,! ,*>m ( ,s\!rn ,france #bc ,,ii4 ,! ,*ur* 9 ,gaul #cd ,,iii4 ,! ,*ur* ,ar*itecture ( ,s\!rn ,france #ej ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,s\? ,,( ,,! ,,loire ,i4 ,introductory #ga ,,ii4 ,l',abbaye de ,maillezais #ha ,,iii4 ,/4 ,l\is de la ,ro*elle #hb ,,iv4 ,ca?drale de ,luon #he ,v4 ,/4 ,front de ,prigueux #hg ,,vi4 ,/4 ,pi]re de ,poiti]s #ib ,,vii4 ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,limoges #ajd ,,viii4 ,/4 ,odilon de ,/4 ,fl\r #aab ,,ix4 ,/4 ,pi]re de ,sa9tes #aae ,x4 ,ca?drale de ,tulle #aah ,,xi4 ,/4 ,pi]re d',ang\lme #abj ,,xii4 ,notre ,dame de ,m\l9s #abf ,,xiii4 ,notre ,dame de le ,puy #acd ,,xiv4 ,notre ,dame de ,cl]mont-,f]r& #add ,,xv4 ,/4 ,fulcran de ,lodve #aeb ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,! ,,rhone ,,valley ,i4 ,introductory #aei ,,ii4 ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,*alons-sur-,sane #agj ,,iii4 ,/4 ,v9c5t de ,macon #agd ,,iv4 ,/4 ,jean de ,lyon #agg ,v4 ,/4 ,maurice de ,vi5ne #ahf ,,vi4 ,/4 ,apoll9aire de ,val5ce #aij ,,vii4 ,ca?drale de ,vivi]s #aie ,,viii4 ,notre ,dame d',orange #aig ,,ix4 ,/4 ,vran de ,cavaillon #bjj ,x4 ,notre ,dame des ,doms d',avignon #bjd ,,xi4 ,/4 ,siffre9 de ,c>p5tras #bba ,,xii4 ,ca?drale de ,vaison #bbf ,,xiii4 ,/4 ,trophime d',arles #bbh ,,xiv4 ,/4 ,ca/or de ,nmes #bcf ,,xv4 ,/4 ,?odorit d',uzs #bde ,,xvi4 ,/4 ,jean d',alais #bdi ,,xvii4 ,/4 ,pi]re d',annecy #beb ,,xviii4 ,ca?drale de ,*ambry #bee ,,xix4 ,notre ,dame de ,gr5oble #beh ,,xx4 ,belley & ,ao/e #bfg ,,xxi4 ,/4 ,jean de ,mauri5ne #bfi ,,xxii4 ,/4 ,pi]re de ,/4 ,claude #bgb ,,xxiii4 ,notre ,dame de ,b\rg #bgg ,,xxiv4 ,gl&ve1 ,s5ez1 ,riez1 ,si/]on #bhj ,,xxv4 ,/4 ,j]ome de ,digne #bhc ,,xxvi4 ,notre ,dame de ,die #bhg ,,xxvii4 ,notre ,dame et ,/4 ,ca/or d',apt #bhi ,,xxviii4 ,notre ,dame d',embrun #bib ,,xxix4 ,notre ,dame de l',assomption de ,gap #bif ,,xxx4 ,notre ,dame de ,v5ce #cjj ,,xxxi4 ,ca?drale de ,sion #cjb ,,xxii4 ,/4 ,paul ,troix ,*teau #cje ,,"p ,,iv4 ,,! ,,m$it]ranean ,,coa/ ,i4 ,introductory #cac ,,ii4 ,/4 ,sauveur d',aix #cbc ,,iii4 ,/4 ,rep>ata de ,nice #cbh ,,iv4 ,/e4 ,m>ie ,majeure de ,t\lon #ccb ,v4 ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,frjus #cce ,,vi4 glise de ,grasse #cci ,,vii4 ,antibes #cda ,,viii4 ,/e4 ,m>ie ,majeure de ,m>seilles #cdb ,,ix4 ,/4 ,pi]re d',alet #cej ,x4 ,/4 ,pi]re de ,montpelli] #ceb ,,xi4 ,ca?drale d',agde #ceh ,,xii4 ,/4 ,nazaire de ,bzi]s #cfc ,,xiii4 ,/4 ,jean de ,p]pignan #cfh ,,xiv4 ,/e4 ,eulalia d',elne #cgb ,,xv4 ,/4 ,j de ,n>bonne #cge ,,"p ,v4 ,,! ,,valley ,,( ,,! ,,g>onne ,i4 ,introductory #chc ,,ii4 ,/4 ,&r de ,bordeaux #cif ,,iii4 ,ca?drale de ,lect\re #djb ,,iv4 ,notre ,dame de ,bayonne #dje ,v4 ,/4 ,jean de ,bazas #daa ,,vi4 ,notre ,dame de ,lesc> #dac ,,vii4 ,l',eglise de la ,sde3 ,t>bes #dag ,,viii4 ,ca?drale de ,condom #dbj ,,ix4 ,ca?drale de ,montauban #dbb ,x4 ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,cahors #dbe ,,xi4 ,/4 ,caprias d',ag5 #dbi ,,xii4 ,/e4 ,m>ie d',au* #dcb ,,xiii4 ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,t\l\se #dci ,,xiv4 ,/4 ,nazaire de ,c>cassone #ddi ,,xv4 ,ca?drale de ,pami]s #dfa ,,xvi4 ,/4 ,b]tr& de ,comm+es #dfd ,,xvii4 ,/4 ,jean-,bapti/e d',aire #dfi ,,xviii4 ,/s4 ,b5oit et ,v9c5t de ,ca/res #dga ,,xix4 ,notre ,dame de ,rodez #dgd ,,xx4 ,/e4 ,ccile d',albi #dhb ,,xxi4 ,/4 ,pi]re de ,m5de #dij ,,xxii4 ,o!r ,old-,"t ,ca!drals 9 & ab\t ! ,bas9 ( ! ,g>onne #die ,,app5dices ,i4 ,sket* ,map ,%[+ ! ,usual ,geographical ,divisions ( ,france #ejc ,,ii4 ,a ,hi/orical ,table ( ! ,dioceses ( ! ,s\? ( ,france up to ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury #ejd ,,iii4 ,! ,classification ( ,ar*itectural ,/yles 9 ,france accord+ to ,de ,caumont's ,abcdaire d',ar*itecture ,religieuse #eaj ,,iv4 ,a ,*ronology ( ,ar*itectural ,/yles 9 ,france #eaa ,v4 ,lead+ ,=ms ( ,e>ly ,ca!dral ,con/ructions #eac ,,vi4 ,! ,disposition ( ! ,p>ts ( a ,t5?-,c5tury ,*ur* z def9$ by ,violet-le-,duc #ead ,,vii4 ,a ,brief ,def9itive ,gazette] ( ! ,natural & ,geological ,divisions ,includ$ 9 ! ,anci5t ,prov9ces & ,pres5t-,day ,dep>tm5ts ( ,s\!rn ,france1 toge!r ) ! local names by :i* ! pays et pagi are commonly kn[n #eaf ,,viii4 ,sket* ,map ( ! ,bi%oprics & ,ar*bi%oprics ( ! ,s\? ( ,france at ! ,pres5t ,day #eai ,,ix4 ,dim5sions & ,*ronology #ebj ,index #ede ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,page ,/4 ,&r de ,bordeaux ,frontispiece ,! ,concordat 7,f ,napoleon's ,tomb7 #dc ,/4 ,l\is de ,la ,ro*elle #hb ,ca?drale de ,luon #he ,/4 ,front de ,prigueux #hg ,detail ( ! ,int]ior ( ,/4 ,front de ,prigueux #ij ,poiti]s #ic ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,limoges #aje ,reliqu>y ( ,?omas ,becket #aaa ,ca?drale de ,tulle fac+ #aah ,/4 ,pi]re d',ang\lme fac+ #abj ,notre ,dame de ,m\l9s fac+ #abf ,notre ,dame de ,le ,puy fac+ #acd ,le ,puy #ach ,! ,black ,virg91 ,le ,puy #adc ,notre ,dame de ,cl]mont-,f]r& fac+ #add ,/4 ,v9c5t de ,macon fac+ #agd ,/4 ,jean de ,lyon fac+ #agf ,/4 ,apoll9aire de ,val5ce #aij ,/4 ,vran de ,cavaillon #bjj ,notre ,dame des ,doms d',avignon #bje ,vill5euve-les-,avignon fac+ #bab ,notre ,dame des ,doms d',avignon fac+ #bah ,/4 ,trophime d',arles #bbh ,/4 ,trophime d',arles fac+ #bbh ,cloi/]s1 ,/4 ,trophime d',arles #bcc ,/4 ,ca/or de ,nmes #bcf ,/4 ,ca/or de ,nmes #bcg ,/4 ,?odorit d',uzs #bde ,ca?drale de ,*ambry #bee ,notre ,dame de ,gr5oble #beh ,/4 ,bruno #bfa ,belley #bfe ,/4 ,jean de ,mauri5ne #bfi ,/4 ,pi]re de ,/4 ,claude fac+ #bgb ,notre ,dame de ,b\rg #bge ,notre ,dame de ,si/]on fac+ #bhj ,/4 ,j]ome de ,digne #bhc ,notre ,dame d',embrun #bib ,! ,ramp>ts ( ,aigues-,mortes #cbj ,/4 ,sauveur d',aix #cba ,detail ( ,doorway ( ! ,ar*bi%op's ,palace1 ,frjus #cch ,eglise de ,grasse #cci ,m>seilles #cdc ,! ,old ,ca!dral1 ,m>seilles #cde ,/4 ,pi]re de ,montpelli] fac+ #ceb ,ca?drale d',agde #ceh ,/4 ,nazaire de ,bzi]s #cfa ,/4 ,jean de ,p]pignan #cfh ,/e4 ,eulalia d',elne #cgb ,/4 ,j de ,n>bonne fac+ #cgd ,cloi/] ( ,/4 ,j de ,n>bonne fac+ #cgh ,notre ,dame de ,bayonne fac+ #djd ,eglise de la ,sde1 ,t>bes #dag ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,cahors fac+ #dbd ,/e4 ,m>ie d',au* fac+ #dcb ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,t\l\se fac+ #dch ,nave ( ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,t\l\se #dde ,/4 ,nazaire de ,c>cassonne fac+ #ddh ,! ,old ,cit de ,c>cassonne be=e & aft] ! ,re/oration #dea ,two ,capitals ( ,pill>s 9 ,/4 ,nazaire de ,c>cassonne2 & ! ,rude ,/one ,c>v+ ( ,c>cas #ded ,/4 ,nazaire de ,c>cassonne fac+ #ded ,ca?drale de ,pami]s #dfa ,/4 ,b]tr& de ,comm+es fac+ #dfd ,/4 ,jean-,bapti/e d',aire #dfi ,/s4 ,b5oit et ,v9c5t de ,ca/res fac+ #dgj ,notre ,dame de ,rodez fac+ #dgd ,*oir-,/alls1 ,rodez #dhj ,/e4 ,ccile d',albi fac+ #dhb ,/4 ,pi]re de ,m5de fac+ #dij ,sket* ,map ( ,france #ejc ,m$allion #eaj ,lead+ ,=ms ( ,e>ly ,ca!dral ,con/ructions #eac ,plan ( a ,t5? ,c5tury ,*ur* #ead ,sket* ,map ( ! ,bi%oprics & ,ar*bi%oprics ( ! ,s\? ( ,france at ! ,pres5t ,day #eai ,/4 ,caprias d',ag5 7diagram7 #ebj ,bapti/]y ( ,/4 ,sauveur d',aix 7diagram7 #eba ,/e4 ,ccile d',albi 7diagram7 #ebb ,/4 ,pi]re d',ang\lme 7diagram7 #ebc ,/4 ,trophime d',arles 7diagram7 #ebd ,notre ,dame des ,doms d',avignon 7diagram7 #ebe ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,cahors 7diagram7 #ebg ,/4 ,v]an de ,cavaillon 7diagram7 #ebh ,ca?drale de ,*ambry 7diagram7 #ebi ,notre ,dame de ,cl]mont-,f]r& 7diagram7 #ecj ,/4 ,b]tr& de ,comm+es 7diagram7 #ecj ,notre ,dame de ,le ,puy 7diagram7 #ecb ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,limoges 7diagram7 #ecb ,/4 ,jean de ,lyon 7diagram7 #ecc ,/4 ,j de ,n>bonne 7diagram7 #ece ,notre ,dame d',orange 7diagram7 #ecf ,/4 ,front de ,prigueux 7diagram7 #ecg ,/4 ,jean de ,p]pignan 7diagram7 #ecg ,/4 ,pi]re de ,poiti]s 7diagrams7 #ech ,notre ,dame de ,rodez 7diagram7 #eci ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,t\l\se 7diagram7 #eda ,/4 ,paul ,trois ,*teaux 7diagram7 #edb ,ca?drale de ,vaison 7diagram7 #edc ,illu/ration ,! ,ca!drals ( ,s\!rn ,france ,,introduction ,too (t5--x is a half-ackn[l$g$ delusion1 h[ev]--"o meets ) :at appe>s to be a !ory3 t a book ( travel mu/ necess>ily be a s]ies ( dull1 discursive1 & entirely uncorroborat$ op9ions ( "o :o may n be ev5 an intellig5t obs]v]4 ,?is is m]e intellectual pret5ce4 ,ev5 a humble au?or--s long z he be an hone/ "o--may well be all[$ to claim ) ,mr4 ,h[ells ! "r to be s]i\s1 or ! rev]se1 ) 8 mat]ial z he f9ds x2 & t some?+ p]sonally exp]i5c$ c only be realiz$ on ! spot :]e x 0 liv$4 ,?is1 says he1 is ! prime use ( travel1 & ! attempt to create ! read] a p>tn] 9 ! ent]prise 444 mu/ be ! excuse1 !n1 = putt+ "o's obs]vations on pap]4 ,he rightly says1 too1 t no?+ ( p]il\s adv5ture is to-day any m l to happ5 9 ,flor5ce ?an 9 ,fit*burg4 ,a lit]>y t\r1 a ca!dral t\r1 or an ar*itectural t\r1 requires a =mula :]e9 ! au?or mu/ be w>y ( mak+ que/ionable e/imates2 b he may1 ) reg>d to g5]alities1--or details1 = t matt]1--/ate 8 op9ion pla9ly2 b he %\ld /ate also 8 reasons4 ,) respect to *ur* ar*itecture no av]age read]1 any m ?an ! av]age obs]v]1 will+ly ent]s ! ar5a ( intellectual combat1 b r is satisfi$--z he %\ld be1 unless he is a ,freeman1 a ,gonse1 or a ,corroy]--) an ampl] radius :i* %all comm& ev5 a ju/]1 ?\gh no less tru?ful1 view4 ,n f "o book or f t51 9 "o ye> or a score c ?is be _h4 ,! field is va/ & ! imm5sity ( x all only dawns ^u "o ! deep] he gets into 8 subject4 ,a diction>y ( ar*itecture1 a comp5dium or gazette] ( geography1 or ev5 ! unwieldy mass ( fact tightly held 9 ! fa/nesses ( ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica w n tell "o--9 ei!r a long or a %ort :ile--all ! facts conc]n+ ! ca!drals ( ,france4 ,"s w consid] t 9 ?is book are made _m app>5tly trifl+ ass]tions2 b x is claim$ t !y are p]t95t & aga9 are expressive ( an emotion :i* mayhap always arises ( ! same mood4 ,notre ,dame at ,rodez is a w>m1 m\se-col\r$ ca!dral2 ,/4 ,ccile d',albi is at once a =tress & a *ur*1 & ! once royal city ( ,aigues-,mortes is to-day b a %elt] = a few hundr$ pallid1 %ak+ mortals4 ,su* expressions are figurative1 b1 s f> z words c put x1 !y are ! conc5trat$ result ( obs]vation4 ,^! obs]vations d n aspire to be consid]$ improv+1 ?\gh x is ass]t$ t !y are in=mative4 ,description ( all k9ds is an art :i* requires consid]able =e?\ght 9 ord] to be ev5 readable4 ,& ( all subjects1 art & ar*itecture are p]haps ! mo/ difficult to treat 9 a mann] :i* %all n ar\se an intol]ant criticism4 ,p]haps "s cr$it w be atta9$ = ! attempts h]e9 made to pres5t 9 a pleas+ mann] _m ( ! *>ms ( ! ecclesia/ical ar*itecture ( s\!rn ,france1 :]e a m elaborate & erudite "w w\ld fail ( its object4 ,z ,lady ,montagu has said 9 h] ,lett]s1--,we travell]s are 9 v h>d circum/ances4 ,if we say no?+ new1 we are dull1 & h obs]v$ no?+4 ,if we tell any new ?+1 we are laugh$ at z fabul\s & romantic4 ,?is book is int5d$ z a contribution to travel lit]ature--or1 if ! read] l1 to t special class ( book :i* appeals l>gely to ! travell]4 ,mo/ lov]s ( art & lit]ature are lov]s ( *ur*es2 inde$1 ! _w is ye>ly conta9+ m & m ( ?is class4 ,! art expression ( a p1 ( ,france 9 p>ticul>1 has mo/ (t5 fir/ f\nd its outlet 9 *ur*-build+ & decoration4 ,"s o!r c\ntries h deg5]at$ sadly f ! idea4 ,9 rec5t times ! ,anglo-,saxon has mo/ly built 8 *ur*es1--on :at he is pleas$ to ?9k are improv$ l9es1--t1 m ?an any?+ else1 resemble1 9 _! int]iors1 playh\ses1 & 9 _! ext]iors1 cotton factories & brew]ies4 ,?is seem+ly bitt] view is advanc$ simply because ! writ] believes t x is ! *ur*-memb]s1 us+ ! t]m 9 its broad s5se1 :o are responsible = ! _m outrage\sly unseemly *ur*-build+s :i* are ye>ly be+ erect$2 n ! ar*itects--:o h fail+s en\gh ( _! own to answ] =4 ,x is said t a c]ta9 great ar*itect ( rec5t times 0 responsible = m bad ar*itecture ?an any man :o _h liv$ be=e or s9ce4 ,n because he produc$ su* himself1 b because 8 feeble imitators1 )\t 8 k1 8 tra9+1 or 8 ambition1 n only s\ght to foll[ 9 8 foot/eps1 b rema9$ a long way 9 ! re>1 & /umbl$ by ! way4 ,?is man built *ur*es4 ,he built "o1 ,tr9ity ,*ur*1 9 ,bo/on1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 :i* w rema91 z long z its /ones endure1 an entirely successful transplantation ( an exotic f ano!r l&4 ,9 ,london a new ,roman ,ca?olic ca!dral has rec5tly be5 erect$ aft] ! ,byzant9e mann]1 & s unexpect$ly successful 0 x 9 plan & execution t its au?or 0 m$all$ by ! ,royal ,academy2 :atev] t dubi\s hon\r may be wor?4 ,bo? ^! great m5 are dead1 & aside f ^! two great examples1 & possibly ! ,roman ,ca?olic ca!dral1 & ! yet una*iev$ ca!dral ( ,/4 ,john ! ,div9e1 9 ,new ,york ,city1 :]e1 9 an ,engli%-speak+ l&1 has !re be5 built1 9 rec5t times1 a religi\s edifice ( ! fir/ rank wor?y to be class$ ) ^! two old-_w & new-_w examples8 ,!y d ^! ?+s bett] 9 ,france3 ,viollet-le-,duc complet$ ,/4 ,ou5 at ,r\5 & ! ca!dral at ,cl]mont-,f]r&1 9 mo/ acceptable mann]4 ,s1 too1 0 ! treatm5t ( ! ca!dral at ,m\l9s-sur-,alli]--al?\gh none ( ^! examples are among ! noble/ or ! mo/ magnific5t 9 ,france4 ,!y h1 h[ev]1 be5 complet$ successfully1 & 9 ! true _s ( ! orig9al4 ,to "k ! %ops & b\lev>ds ( ,p>is does n necess>ily presume a k ( ,france4 ,?is po9t is m5tion$ "h f ! fact t _m h claim$ a famili>ity ) ! ca!drals ( ,france2 :5 to all practical purposes1 !y might z well h begun & end$ ) ! obs]vation t ,notre ,dame de ,p>is /&s on an isl& 9 ! middle ( ! ,se9e4 ,! au?or w\ld n c>p at ! critics ( ! fir/ volume ( ?is s]ies1 :i* appe>$ la/ season4 ,f> f x4 ,!y 71 almo/ )\t exception1 mo/ g5]\s4 ,at lea/ !y grant$1 unqualifi$ly1 ! reason = be+ = ! volume :i* 0 put =? be>+ ! title3 ,ca!drals ( ,nor!rn ,france4 ,! seem+ magnitude ( ! und]tak+ fir/ came ^u ! au?or & arti/ :ile prep>+ ! fir/ volume = ! press4 ,?is 0 made ! m app>5t :51 on a c]ta9 occasion1 j previ\s to ! appe>ance ( ! book1 ! au?or made m5tion !re( to a fri5d :o did "k ,p>is--bett] p]haps ?an mo/ ,engli% or ,am]ican writ]s2 at lea/ he ought to h kn[n x bett]4 ,:5 ?is fri5d he>d ( ! inception ( ?is book on ,fr5* ca!drals1 he m>vell$ at ! fact t !re %\ld be a dem& = su*2 said t ! subject _h already be5 ov]done2 & mu* m ( ! same sort2 & t only ye/]day a c]ta9 ,miss---- _h s5t him an au?or's copy ( a book :i* rec\nt$ ! results ( a j\rney :i* %e & h] "m _h rec5tly made 9 :at %e s5tim5tally call$ ,romantic ,t\ra9e4 ,!re9 7 treat$ at lea/ a good half-doz5 ca!drals2 :i*1 supplem5t+ ! always useful ,ba$ek] or ,joanne1 & a h&book ( ,notre ,dame at ,p>is & ano!r ( ,r\51 cov]$--?\ght ! au?or's fri5d at lea/--q a repres5tative %>e ( ! ca!drals ( ,france4 ,?is only sub/antiates ! cont5tion made 9 ! =eword to ! fir/ volume3 t !re 7 d\btless _m ) a true appreciation & love = great *ur*es :o w\ld be glad to "k m ( !m1 & h ! ways--if n ! means--smoo!d 9 ord] to make a visit !reto ! m simplifi$ & agreeable4 ,too (t5--! preface cont9u$--! t\ri/1 alone or p]sonally conduct$ 9 droves1 0 :irl$ rapidly onw>d by express-tra9 to "s m popul>ly or fa%ionably fam\s spot1 :]e1 = a previ\sly /ipulat$ sum1 he might p>take ( a m lurid s]ies ( amusem5ts ?an a m]e dull r\nd ( *ur*es4 ,cities1 l individuals1 h1 says ,ar?ur ,symons1 a p]sonality & individuality q l human be+s4 ,?is is und\bt$ly true ( *ur*es z well1 & ! sympa!tic obs]v]--! en?usia/ic lov] ( *ur*es = _! peculi>ities1 none ! less ?an _! g5]al excell5cies--is ! only p]son :o w d]ive ! maximum am\nt ( pleasure & pr(it f an intimacy !re)4 ,:e!r a great *ur* is int]e/+ because ( its antiquity1 its hi/ory1 or its arti/ic beauties matt]s little to ! en?usia/4 ,he w dr9k 8 fill ( :at (f]s4 ,occasionally1 he w f9d a comb9ation ( two--or possibly all--( ^! +r$i5ts2 :5 8 joy w be great4 ,h]e9 are catalogu$ z _m ( ! attributes ( ! ca!drals ( ! s\? ( ,france--& ! records ( religi\s or civil life :i* h surr\nd$ !m 9 ! pa/--z space & opportunity = obs]vation h p]mitt$4 ,m ! mo/ sangu9e & capable ( au?ors c\ld n promise1 & :ile 9 no s5se does ! volume presume to supply exhau/ive in=mation1 x is claim$ t all ( ! *ur*es includ$ )9 ! classification ( ca!drals--^? ( ! pres5t & ^? ( a pa/ day--are to be f\nd m5tion$ h]e91 ! *ief facts ( _! hi/ory record$1 & _! notable features catalogu$4 ,,"p ,i ,s\!rn ,france 9 ,g5]al ,i ,,! ,,*>m ,,( ,,s\!rn ,,france ,! *>m ( s\!rn ,france is su* z to compel mo/ writ]s !reon to become discursive4 ,x c\ld n well be o!rwise4 ,_m ?+s g to make up pictures ( travel1 :i* ! mo/ poli%$ writ] c\ld n ignore unless he conf9$ himself to n>rative pure & simple2 z did ,/]ne4 ,"o :o seeks k ( ! ar*itecture ( s\!rn ,france %\ld p]=ce "k some?+ ( ! life ( t[n & c\ntry 9 addition to a specific k (1 or an immeasurable en?usiasm =1 ! subject4 ,few h giv5 ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son any great prem95ce z a writ] ( topographical description2 p]haps n all h admitt$ 8 ability z an unassailable critic2 b ! fact is1 !re is no writ] to :om ! lov] ( ,france c turn ) m pleasure & pr(it ?an ,/ev5son4 ,!re is a weal? ( description ( ! c\ntry-side ( ,france 9 ! acc\nt ( 8 romantic travels on donkey-back1 or1 z he :imsically puts x1 beside a donkey1 & 8 v5turesome ?\gh n dang]\s ,inl& ,voyage4 ,^! e>ly volumes ( ,/ev5son1 :ile d\btless well kn[n to lov]s ( 8 works1 are clos$ books to mo/ casual travell]s4 ,! au?or & arti/ ( ?is book "h humbly ackn[l$ge an indebt$ness :i* might n o!rwise be possible to repay4 ,/ev5son 0 dev\t1 he wrote sympa!tically ( *ur*es1 ( ca!drals1 ( mona/]ies1 & ( religion4 ,:at 8 pr$ilections 7 z to cre$ is n s c]ta94 ,/]ne 0 m worldly1 b he wrote equally attractive prose conc]n+ _m ?+s :i* ,engli%-speak+ p h come to "k m ( s9ce 8 "t4 ,ar?ur ,"y1 an agriculturi/1 z he has be5 r contemptu\sly call$1 a c5tury or m ago wrote ( rural ,france aft] a mann]1 & ) a pr(us5ess1 :i* few h s9ce equall$4 ,8 cre$1 likewise1 appe>s to be unkn[n2 9 t1 seldom1 if ev]1 did he m5tion *ur*es1 & n at any "t did he discuss religion4 ,9 a lat] day ,miss ,m4 ,e4 ,b4 ,edw>ds1 an ,engli% lady :o kn[s ,france z few ( h] c\ntrywom5 d1 wrote ( _m ?+s m or less alli$ ) religion1 :i* ! ord9>y travel books ignor$--mu* to _! loss--altoge!r4 ,/ill m rec5tly ano!r ,engli% lady1 ,madam ,m>ie ,duclaux1--?\gh h] "n w\ld n appe> to indicate h] nationality1--has writt5 a mo/ *>m+ s]ies ( obs]vations on h] adopt$ l&2 :]e9 ! peasant1 8 religion1 & 8 aims 9 life are dealt ) m und]/&+ly ?an 7 p]haps possible1 _h ! au?or n be5 possess$ ( a long resid5ce among !m4 ,h5ry ,james1 ( all latt]-day writ]s1 has giv5 u p]haps ! mo/ illum9at+ acc\nts ( ! ar*itectural joy ( great *ur*es1 *teaux & ca!drals4 ,c]ta9ly 8 "w is m>vell\sly appreciative1 & 8 ,little ,t\r 9 ,france1 ) ! two books ( ,/ev5son be=e m5tion$1 ,/]ne's ,s5tim5tal ,j\rney1--& ,mr4 ,tri/ram ,%&y1 too1 if ! read] likes1--=m a qu9tette ( voices :i* w tell m ( ! glories ( ,france & h] peoples ?an any o!r five books 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,:5 consid]+ ! lit]ature ( place1 "o mu/ n ov]look ! fair l& ( ,prov5ce or ! ,midi ( ,france--t little-kn[n l& ly+ imm$iately to ! we/w>d ( ,m>seilles1 :i* is seldom or nev] ev5 ta/$ by ! hungry t\ri/4 ,to "k :at he w\ld ( ^! two delightful regions "o %\ld read ,?omas ,janvi]1 ,flix ,gras1 & ,mrime4 ,he w !n h f> m ( an insight into ! places & ! peoples ?an if he p]us$ :ole %elves ( hi/ories1 geographies1 or te*nical works on ar*ology & fossil rema9s4 ,if he c supplem5t all ?is ) travel1 or1 bett] yet1 take !m h&-9-h&1 he w be all ! m =tunate4 ,at all ev5ts "h is a va/ subject = ! sat$ travell] to grasp1 & en passant he w absorb n a little ( ! _s ( o!r days & ( pa/ hi/ory1 & some?+ ( ! attitude ( rev]5ce = *ur* ar*itecture :i* is app>5tly born 9 e ,fr5*man1--at lea/ to a f> great] degree ?an 9 any o!r nationality1--:atev] may be 8 pres5t-day attitude ( m9d t[>d ! subject ( religion 9 ! ab/ract4 ,france1 be x rememb]$1 is n to-day z x 0 a c5tury & a half ago1 :5 x 0 ! fa%ion ( ,engli% writ]s to condemn & revile x z a nation ( degrad$ s]fs1 a deg5]ate ari/ocracy1 a corrupt cl]gy1 or z an enfeebl$ mon>*y4 ,s9ce !n !re has aris5 a ,napoleon1 :o1 :atev] 8 faulty morals may h be51 und\bt$ly weld$ into a unit$ :ole ^? widely div]g5t t5d5cies & s5tim5ts ( ! pa/1 :i* o!rwise w\ld n h surviv$4 ,?is 0 prophetic & f>-see+1 no matt] :at ! av]age hi/orian may say to ! contr>y2 & x has 9 no small way work$ itself t[>d an ideal successfully1 if n always by ! mo/ practical & direct pa?4 ,"o ?+ is c]ta91 ! lov] ( *ur*es w make ! r\nd ( ! s\!rn ca!drals "u consid]ably m novel & entranc+ conditions ?an 9 ^? cities ( ! nor? or mid-,france4 ,_m ( ! places :i* %elt] a great ca!dral *ur* 9 ! s\? are ( little rank z c5tres ( population2 z1 = in/ance1 at ,m5de 9 ,lozre1 :]e "o sudd5ly f9ds oneself set d[n 9 ! mid/ ( a gre5 bas9 surr\nd$ by m\nta9s on all sides1 ) little to di/ract 8 att5tion f its rem>kably picturesque ca!dral2 or at ,albi1 :]e a ,sunday-l /illness always seems to reign1 & its =tress-*ur*1 :i* seems to regulate ! v life ( ! t[n1 /&s1 z x has s9ce its f\ndation1 a maje/ic gu>dian ( well-be+4 ,!re is b "o uncom=table feature to gu>d aga9/1 & t is ! mi/ral1 a w9d :i* bl[s d[n ! ,rhne valley at c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye>1 &1 9 ! words ( ! habitant1 bl[s all be=e x4 ,x is n really z bad z ?is1 b its brea? is uncom=tably cold1 & x does require a firm purpose to /& aga9/ its bla/4 ,!n1 too1 f ,octob] until ,m>*1 s\? ( ,lyons1 ! nights1 :i* draw 9 s e>ly at ?is season ( ! ye>1 are contra/+ly & uncom=tably cold1 z comp>$ ) ! days1 :i* seem always to be bless$ ) bright & sun%9y wea!r4 ,x may be argu$ t ?is is n ! season :i* appeals to mo/ p z be+ suitable = travell+4 ,b :y n8 ,c]ta9ly x is ! fa%ion to travel t[>d ! ,m$it]ranean dur+ ! w9t] mon?s1 & ! attractions1 n omitt+ ! allurem5ts ( dress clo!s1 gambl+-h\ses1 & bals masqus are surely n m appeal+ ?an ! *a9 ( cities :i* ext5d f ,*ambry & ,gr5oble 9 ! ,alps1 ?r\gh ,orange1 ,nmes1 ,arles1 ,p]pignan1 ,c>cassonne1 & ! slopes ( ! ,pyr5ees1 to ,bayonne4 ,9 ! dep>tm5ts ( ,lozre1 ,puy de ,dme1 ,g>d & ,auv]gne & ,dordogne1 ! true1 unspoil$ ,gallic flav\r abides 9 all its int5sity4 ,z ,t\ra9e1 or at lea/ ,t\rs1 claims to speak ! pure/ ,fr5* tongue1 s ?is region ( /reams & m\nta9s1 ( volcanic rema9s1 ( ,prote/antism1 & ( an--z yet--unspoil$ old-worldl9ess1 possesses m ?an any o!r some:at ( ! old-"t social indep5d5ce & disreg>d ( latt]-day innovations4 ,p>ticul>ly is ?is s--?\gh p]haps x has be5 rem>k$ be=e--9 t t]ritory :i* lies betwe5 ,cl]mont-,f]r& & ,val5ce 9 "o direction1 & ,vi5ne & ,rodez 9 ano!r1 to ext5d its conf9es to extreme limits4 ,"h life goes on gaily & 9 animat$ fa%ion1 9 a hundr$ dignifi$ & picturesque old t[ns1 & ! wise travell] w g a-hunt+ aft] ^? :i* ! guide-books compla9 (--n )\t a sne]--z be+ dull & desultory4 ,fr5*1 & = t matt] ! new rgime ( ,engli%1 hi/orical noveli/s are too ob/9ately b5t on ! /udy ( ,p>is1 ,at all ev5ts1 says ,edmund ,gosse1 s9ce ! days ( ,balzac & ,george ,s&1 & h neglect$ ! prov9cial bor\ghs4 ,!y %\ld /udy mid-,france on ! spot2 & read ,/ev5son & ,mrime :ile !y are do+ x4 ,x w save !m a deal ( worry+ out ( ?+s--) possibly wrong d$uctions--= !mselves4 ,! climatic conditions ( ,france v>y greatly4 ,f ! gray1 w9d-bl[n %ores ( ,brittany1 :]e = q ?ree mon?s ( ! autumn "o is 9 a p]petual drizzle1 & ! equally *illy & b>e c\ntry ( ! ,pas de ,calais1 & ! m or less sodd5 ,fr5* ,fl&]s1 to ! brisk1 sunny climate ( ! ,loire valley1 ! ,cev5nes1 ,dauph91 & ,savoie1 is a wide range ( contra/4 ,ea* is possess$ ( its own peculi> *>act]i/ics1 :i* ! habitant alone seems to und]/& 9 all its vag>ies4 ,at all ev5ts1 !re is no "p ( ,france :i* actually m]its ! opprobri\s deprecations :i* are occasionally laun*$ =? by ! resid5ts ( ! g>d5 spot ( ,engl&1 :o see no topographical beauties save 9 _! own wealds & d[ns4 ,france is di/9ctly a self-conta9$ l&4 ,its till]s ( ! soil1 be !y m]e agriculturi/s or work]s 9 ! v9ey>ds1 are ( a race z devot$ & capable at _! avocations z any alive4 ,!y d n1 to be sure1 eat meat ?ree times a day--& (t5 n once a week--b !y ?rive & ga9 /r5g? on :at _m an ,engli%-speak+ lab\r] w\ld consid] b a m]e snack4 ,aga91 ! ,fr5* peasant is n1 l ! ,engli% lab\r]1 p]petually rem9d$1 by ! indep5d5ce ( ! weal? surr\nd+ him1 ( 8 own privations & dep5d5ce4 ,on ! contr>y1 he enjoys cont5tm5t ) a consci\sness t no human int]v5tion embitt]s 8 condition1 & t its limits are only fix$ by ! b\nds ( nature1 & some:at by 8 own indu/ry4 ,?us x is easy to inculcate 9 su* a p some:at m ( t _s ( l'am\r de la patrie1 or love ( ! l&1 :i* 9 ,engl&1 at ! pres5t "t1 appe>s to be gr[+ beautifully less4 ,s1 too1 ) love & hon\r = _! fam\s citiz5s1 ! ,fr5* are en?usia/ic1 beyond any o!r peoples1 = _! monum5ts1 _! in/itutions1 & above all = _! own prov9ce & dep>tm5t4 ,) reg>d to _! ar*itectural monum5ts1 /ill m are !y pr\d & well-in=m$1 ev5 ! lab\r+ classes4 ,seldom1 if ev]1 has ! writ] made an inquiry b :at x 0 answ]$ ) int]e/1 if n ) a sup]lative intellig5ce1 & ! ,fr5*man ( ! l[] classes--be he a lab\r] ( ! t[ns or cities1 or a peasant ( ! c\ntry-side--is a rem>kably oblig+ p]son4 ,9 :at may /rictly be call$ ! s\? ( ,france1 t region bord]+ along ! ,m$it]ranean1 ,prov5ce1 & ! s\!rly portion ( ,langu$oc1 "o is manife/ly environ$ ) a mell[ness & brilliance ( sky & atmosph]e only to be not$ 9 a sub-tropical l&1 a feature :i* f9ds fur!r expression 9 mo/ ( ! attributes ( local life4 ,! climate & topographical features take on a contra/+ly diff]5t aspect1 z does ! *ur* ar*itecture & ! mode ( life ( ! inhabitants "h 9 ! s\?l&4 ,"h is ! true romance c\ntry ( all ! _w4 ,"h ! ,prov5al tongue & its lit]ature h pres]v$ t :i* is fa/ fleet+ f u 9 ^! days :5 a nation's greate/ /ruggle is = comm]cial or political supremacy4 ,x 0 diff]5t 9 ! days ( ,petr>* & ( ,rabelais4 ,b !re are rem9d]s ( ?is glori\s pa/ yet to be se51 m tangible ?an a memory alone1 & m satisfy+ ?an m]e writt5 hi/ory4 ,at ,orange1 ,nmes1 & ,arles are ,roman rema9s ( !atres1 ar5as1 & temples1 (t5 p]fectly pres]v$1 & z magnific5t z 9 ,rome itself4 ,at ,avignon is a spl5did papal palace1 to :i* ! ,holy ,see 0 transf]r$ by ,clem5t ,v4 at ! "t ( ! ,italian p>tition1 9 ! e>ly f\rte5? c5tury1 :ile ,laura's tomb1 or ! site ( x1 is also close at h&4 ,at ,cl]mont-,f]r&1 9 ,auv]gne1 ,pope ,urban1 ^: monum5t is on ! spot1 urg$ & in/igat$ ! ,crusades4 ,! ,*ri/ian activities ( ?is l& 7 z /r5u\s z any1 & _! rema9s are ev5 m num]\s & int]e/+4 ,s\!rn ,gaul1 h[ev]1 became mod]niz$ b sl[ly1 & ! influ5ces ( ! ,*ri/ian _s 7 n p]haps z rapid z 9 ! nor?1 :]e ,roman sway 0 m spe$ily annull$4 ,/ill1 n ev5 9 ! *ur*es ( ,lomb>dy or ,tuscany are !re m /rong evid5ces ( ! inception & gr[? ( ?is great p[]1 :i* s\ght at "o "t to rule ! _w1 & may yet4 ,,ii ,,! ,,*ur* ,,9 ,,gaul ,guizot's notable dictum1 ,if y are fond ( romance & hi/ory1 may well be p>aphras$ 9 ?is wise3 ,if y are fond ( hi/ory1 read ! life hi/ories ( great *ur*es4 ,leav+ dogmatic !ory aside1 mu*1 if n q all1 ( ! life ( ! times 9 ,france--up to ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury--c5tr$ m or less ^u ! ,*ur*1 us+ ! ^w 9 its fulle/ s5se4 ,aside f its religi\s significance1 ! influ5ce ( ! ,*ur*1 z is well kn[n & recogniz$ by all1 0 v>i\sly political1 social1 & p]haps economic4 ,s cr[d$ & v>i$ 7 ! ev5ts ( ,*ur* hi/ory 9 ,gaul1 x w\ld be impossible to include ev5 ! mo/ important ( !m 9 a brief *ronological arrangem5t :i* %\ld =m a "p ( a book su* z ?is4 ,x is imp]ative1 h[ev]1 t su* z are m5tion$ %\ld be br\ght toge!r 9 "s consecutive mann] 9 a way t %\ld indicate ! mighty ebb & fl[ ( religi\s ev5ts ( ,*ur* & ,/ate4 ,^! pass$ rapidly & consecutively ?r\gh\t ,s\!rn ,gaul1 :i* became a "p ( ! k+dom ( ! ,fr5* b sl[ly4 ,_m bi%oprics h be5 suppress$ or m]g$ into o!rs1 & aga9 unit$ ) ^! sees f :i* !y _h be5 sep>at$4 ,:atev] may be ! influ5ces ( ! ,*ur*1 mona/ic e/abli%m5ts1 or m p>ticul>ly1 ! bi%ops & _! cl]gy1 to-day1 !re is no "q b t f ! evangelization ( ,gaul to ! end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ! p>ts play$ by !m 7 factors z great z any o!r 9 coagulat+ & weld+ toge!r ! k+dom ( ,france4 ,! v l>ge numb] ( bi%ops :i* ,france has _h approximates eight ?\s& em95t & virtu\s names2 & x is to ! memory ( _! works 9 a practical way1 none ! less ?an _! devotion to prea*+ ! ,^w itself1 t ! l>ge numb] ( magnific5t ecclesia/ical monum5ts h be5 left z _! h]itage4 ,!re is a l>ge %>e ( v5]ation & respect due ^! pione]s ( ,*ri/ianity2 f> m1 p]haps1 ?an obta9s = ^? ( any o!r l&4 ,"h _! activities 7 s v great1 _! woes & tr\bles s v oppressive1 & _! f9al a*ievem5t s spl5did1 t ! record is "o :i* /&s alone4 ,x is a glori\s fact--9 spite ( c]ta9 lapses & influx ( fanaticism--t ,france has ev] recogniz$ ! /]l+ wor? to ! nation ( ! devotion & wise c\nsel ( h] *ur*m52 f ! indefatigable apo/les ( ,gaul to h] c>d9als1 wise & p[]ful 9 c\ncils ( /ate4 ,! evangelization ( ,gaul 0 n an easy or a spe$y process4 ,on ! au?ority ( ,abb ,mor9 ( ,m\l9s1 :o1 9 ,la ,france ,pontificale1 has und]tak5 to *ronologize all ! bi%ops & ar*bi%ops ( ,france f ! fir/ c5tury to our day1 ,*ri/ianity came fir/ to ,aix & ,m>seilles ) ,laz>e de ,b?anie 9 #ce or #cf ,a4 ,d42 foll[$ %ortly aft] by ,l9 de ,besanon1 ,clem5t de ,metz1 ,demtre de ,gap1 & ,ruf d',avignon4 ,t[>d ! end ( ! reign ( ,claudian1 & ! comm5cem5t ( t ( ,n]o 7#ed-ee ,a4 ,d471 !re arriv$ 9 ,gaul ! sev5 ,apo/le-bi%ops1 ! f\nd]s ( ! ,*ur* at ,arles 7,/4 ,trophime71 ,n>bonne 7,/4 ,paul71 ,limoges 7,/4 ,m>tial71 ,cl]mont 7,/4 ,au/remo9e71 ,t\rs 7,/4 ,gati571 ,t\l\se 7,/4 ,saturn971 & ,trves 7,/4 ,valre74 ,x 0 "s ye>s lat] t ,p>is receiv$ )9 its walls ,/4 ,d5is1 its fir/ ,apo/le ( ,*ri/ianity1 its fir/ bi%op1 & its fir/ m>tyr4 ,o!rs z fam\s 7 ,taur9 d',evreux1 ,luci5 de ,beauvais1 ,eutrope de ,sa9tes1 ,av5t9 de ,*>tres1 ,nicaise de ,r\51 ,sixte de ,reims1 ,sav9i5 de ,s5s1 & ,/4 ,cresc5t--! disciple ( ,/4 ,paul--( ,vi5ne4 ,f ^! e>ly lab\rs1 ?r\gh ! ?ree c5turies foll[+1 & d[n ?r\gh fifte5 hundr$ ye>s1 h pass$ _m traditions ( ^! e>ly fa!rs :i* are well-nigh leg5d>y & fabul\s4 ,! ,abb ,mor9 says fur!r3 ,we h n1 x is true1 an entirely complete *ronology ( ! bi%ops :o gov]n$ ! ,*ur* 9 ,gaul1 b ! names ( ! great & noble army ( bi%ops & cl]gy1 :o = eighte5 hundr$ ye>s h succe$$ closely "o ^u ano!r1 are assur$ly ! mo/ beautiful jewels 9 ! cr[n ( ,france4 ,_! virtues 7 _m & great1--eloqu5ce1 love ( la patrie1 indomitable c\rage 9 "t ( trial1 ma/]y ( difficult situation1 prud5ce1 en]gy1 pati5ce1 & *>ity4 ,all ^! gr& virtues 7 practis$ incessantly1 ) "s regrettable eclipses1 attributable n only to mis=tune1 b occasionally to fault4 ,a *ur*man ev5 is b human4 ,) ! accession ( ! ?ird dyna/y ( k+s1--! ,capetians1 9 #ihg1--! hi/ory ( ! ,fr5* really began1 & t ( ! ,franks1 ) _! ,g]manic t5d5cies & elem5ts1 became absorb$ by ^? ( ! ,romanic language & "*1 ) ! att5dant habits & cu/oms4 ,only ! ,aquitanians1 s\? ( ! ,loire1 & ! ,burgundians on ! ,rhne1 /ill pres]v$ _! di/9ct nationalities4 ,! feudal ties :i* b\nd ,aquita9e to ,france 7 inde$ s slight t1 :5 ,hugh ,capet1 9 #iij1 ask$ ( ,c\nt ,adelb]t ( ,prigueux1 be=e ! walls ( ! besieg$ city ( ,t\rs3 ,:o made !e c\nt8 he 0 met ) ! prompt & significant rejo9d]1 ,:o made !e k+8 ,at ! close ( ! t5? c5tury1 ,france 0 rul$ by close ^u sixty pr9ces1 virtually indep5d5t1 & yet a /ill great] numb] ( prelates1--z p[]ful z any feudal "l1--:o consid]$ ,hugh ,capet ( ,p>is only z "o :o 0 fir/ among 8 pe]s4 ,yet he 0 able to ext5d 8 t]ritory to su* a degree t 8 h]$it>y dyna/y ultimately assur$ ! unification ( ! ,fr5* nation4 ,less ?an a c5tury lat] ,duke ,william ( ,norm&y conqu]$ ,engl& 7#ajff72 :5 began t protract$ /ruggle betwe5 ,france & ,engl& :i* la/$ = ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 ,imm$iately aft] ! return ( ! pi\s ,l\is ,,vii4 f 8 disa/r\s crusade1 8 que51 ,eleanor1 ! heiress ( ,poit\ & ,gui5ne1 m>ri$ ! "y c\nt ,h5ry ,plantag5et ( ,ma9e & ,anj\2 :o1 :5 he came to ! ,engli% ?rone 9 #aaec1 inh]it$ & acquir$ by m>riage--z hi/orians subtly put x-- ! bett] half ( all ,france4 ,until #acbb ! ,*ur* 9 ,france 0 divid$ into ! foll[+ dioceses3 ,prov9cia ,rem5sis 7,reims7 ,prov9cia ,rotomag5sis 7,all ,norm&y7 ,prov9cia ,turon5sis 7,t\ra9e1 ,ma9e1 ,anj\1 & ,brittany7 ,prov9cia ,burdegal5sis 7,poit\1 ,sa9tonge1 ,angumois1 ,prigord1 & ,bordelais7 ,prov9cia ,auxitana 7,9 ,gascoigne7 ,prov9cia ,bituric5sis 7,b]ri1 ,b\rbonnais1 ,limos91 & ,auv]gne7 ,prov9cia ,s5on5sis 7,s5s7 ,prov9cia ,lugdun5sis 7,b\rgogne & ,lyonnais7 ,prov9cia ,vi5n5sis 7,vi5ne on ! ,rhne7 ,prov9cia ,n>bon5sis 7,septimania7 ,prov9cia ,arelat5sis 7,arles7 ,prov9cia ,aqu5sis 7,aix-en-,prov5ce7 ,prov9cia ,ebr$un5sis 7,! ,alp9e ,valleys7 ,! /ormy days ( ! reign ( ,*>les ,v4 7late f\rte5? c5tury7 ?r\gh\t ,france 7 no less /r+5t 9 ,langu$oc ?an else:]e4 ,"h ! p rose aga9/ ! ass]t$ dom9ation ( ! ,duke ( ,anj\1 :o1 pr\d & gre$y1 0 = bo? qualities abhorr$ by ! ,langu$ocians4 ,he s\ght to re/ra9 civic lib]ty ) a p]man5t milit>y =ce1 & at ,nmes levi$ heavy taxes1 :i* 7 promptly res5t$ by rebellion4 ,at ,montpelli] ! p no less actively prote/$1 & slew ! *ancellor & s5es*al4 ,by ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 social1 political1 & ecclesia/ical *anges _h wr\ght a wond]ful magic ) ! map ( ,france4 ,john ,lackl& 7sans t]re7 _h be5 compell$ by ,philippe-,augu/e to rel9qui% 8 feudal possessions 9 ,france1 ) ! exception ( ,gui5ne4 ,at ?is "t also ! int]nal crusades aga9/ ! ,wald5ses & ,albig5ses 9 s\!rn ,france _h p[]fully ext5d$ ! royal flag4 ,aga91 hi/ory tells u t x 0 f ! impulse & aft] influ5ces ( ! crusad+ armies to ! ,ea/ t ,france 0 weld$1 "u ,philippe-le-,bel1 into a unit$ :ole4 ,! %ift+ =tunes ( ,france "u ,engli% rule 71 h[ev]1 su* z to put little /op to ! progress ( *ur*-build+ 9 ! prov9ces2 ?\gh x is to be fe>$ t matt]s 9 t l9e1 z mo/ o!rs ( ! "t1 w5t r by fav\r ?an by "r ( sword4 ,t]ritorial *anges br\ght ab\t1 9 due c\rse1 modifi$ plans ( ! ecclesia/ical control & gov]nm5t1 :i* 9 ! fir/ ye>s ( ! f\rte5? c5tury caus$ c]ta9 adm9i/rative regulations to be put into effect by ,pope ,john ,,xxii4 7:o lies buri$ b5ea? a gorge\s ,go?ic monum5t at ,avignon7 reg>d+ ! ,*ur* 9 ! s\!rn prov9ces4 ,s well plann$ 7 ^! details t ! ,*ur* rema9$ practically "u ! same adm9i/rative laws until ! ,revolution4 ,albi 0 sep>at$ f ,b\rges 7#acag71 & rais$ to ! rank ( a metropolitan see2 to :i* 7 add$ z suffragans ,cahors1 ,rodez1 & ,m5de1 ) ! newly f\nd$ bi%oprics ( ,ca/res & ,vabres add$4 ,t\l\se 0 =m$ into an ar*bi%opric 9 #acbg2 :ile ,/4 ,pons & ,alet1 z newly f\nd$ bi%oprics1 7 giv5 to ! anci5t see ( ,n>bonne 9 indemnification = its hav+ be5 robb$ ( ,t\l\se4 ,! anci5t diocese ( ,poiti]s 0 divid$ into ?ree1 & t ( ,ag5 into two by ! erection ( suffragans at ,maillezais1 ,luon1 ,s>lat1 & ,condom4 ,by a lat] papal bull1 issu$ %ortly aft] _! e/abli%m5t1 ^! bi%oprics appe> to h be5 aboli%$1 z no record %[s t !y ent]$ into ! g5]al s*eme ( ! revolution>y suppression4 ,on ,augu/ #d1 #agij1 all *apt]s ( ca!dral *ur*es1 o!r ?an ^? ( ! metropoles 7! "m sees71 _! bi%ops1 & 9 turn _! respective curs1 7 suppress$4 ,?is rul+ appli$ z well to all collegiate *ur*es1 secul> bodies1 & abbeys & priories g5]ally4 ,_m 71 ( c\rse1 re/abli%$ at a subsequ5t "t1 or1 at lea/1 7 p]mitt$ to resume _! b5efic5t "w4 ,b x 0 ?is g5]al suppression1 9 ! latt] ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 :i* l$ up to ! g5]al reapportion+ ( dioceses 9 t composition ( ,*ur* & ,/ate !reaft] kn[n z ! ,concordat4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,concordat 7,f ,napoleon's ,tomb7 ,_m causes deflect$ ! gr[? ( ! ,*ur* f its natural progressive pa?way4 ,! ,prote/ant fury w5t ne>ly to fanaticism1 z did ! equally f]v5t attempts to suppress x4 ,! ,temples ( ,reason ( ! ,t]rori/s 7 ( %ort endurance1 b !y indicat$ an unre/ t has only 9 a measure mod]at$1 if "o is to take lat] political ev5ts z an indication ( any?+ m ?an a m]e uncontroll$ emotion4 ,:e!r a great future awaits ,prote/antism 9 ,france1 or n1 ! p[] ( ! ,roman ,*ur* is und\bt$ly wan+1 9 attract+ congregations1 at lea/4 ,%\ld a ,wesley or a ,:itfield arise1 he might ga9 foll[]s1 z /rong m5 d1 & !y w\ld draw unto !m o!rs1 until congregations might ab\nd4 ,b ! fai? c\ld h>dly become ! av[$ religion ( or = ! ,fr5* p4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 a great *ampion 9 ! p[]ful newspap]1 ,le ,temps1 :i* has done1 & w d1 mu* to popul>ize ! movem5t4 ,! ,prote/antism ( ,lot & ,lot et ,g>onne is consid]able1 & x is ( v long /&+4 ,x is record$1 too1 t z late z ,octob]1 #aija1 ! ,commune ( ,murat w5t ov] en masse to ,prote/antism because ! ,ca?olic bi%op at ,cahors desir$ 8 communicants to rise f _! b$s at :at !y consid]$ an inconv5i5tly e>ly h\r1 9 ord] to he> mass4 ,?is movem5t 9 ,langu$oc 0 n :olly due to ! tyranny ( ! ,duke ( ,anj\2 x 0 caus$ 9 "p by ! confiscation or assumption ( ! papal au?ority by ,france4 ,?is caus$ n only an int]nal unre/ 9 ,italy1 b a turbul5ce :i* spread ?r\gh\t all ! we/]n ,m$it]ranean1 & ev5 unto ! ,rh9e & ,fl&]s4 ,! dang] :i* ?reat5$ ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,*ur*1 by mak+ ! papacy a dep5d5ce ( ,france1 ar\s$ ! ,italian prelates & p alike1 & gave rise to ! simultane\s exi/5ce ( bo? a ,fr5* & an ,italian ,pope4 ,*>les ,v4 support$ ! ,fr5* pontiff1 z 0 b natural1 ?us f]m5t+ a great s*ism2 ) its att5dant controv]sies & horrors4 ,fr5* & ,italian politics became = a "t inexplicably m+l$1 & ! k+dom ( ,naples came to be transf]r$ to ! h\se ( ,anj\4 ,! ,revolution1 foll[+ close ^u ! ,jans5i/ movem5t at ,port ,royal1 & ! bull ,unig5itus ( ! ,pope1 result$ 9 su* riot & disreg>d = all e/abli%$ in/itutions1 mon>*ical1 political1 & religi\s1 t ! latt]--q z mu* z ! o!rs--suff]$ undue sev]ity4 ,! ,*ur* itself 0 at ?is "t divid$1 & rascally intrigue1 z well z betrayal1 0 ! ord] ( ! day on all sides4 ,bi%ops 7 politicians1 & prie/s 7 b ! tools ( _! ma/]s2 ?is to no small degree1 if we are to accept ! writt5 records4 ,talleyr&-,prigord1 ,bi%op ( ,autun1 0 a memb] ( ! ,national ,assembly1 & (t5 presid$ ov] ! sitt+s ( t none too delib]ate body4 ,9 ! innovations ( ! ,revolution1 ! ,*ur* & ! cl]gy took1 = :at 0 believ$ to be ! national good1 _! full & abid+ %>e 9 ! surr5d] ( pa/ privileges4 ,at ,p>is1 at ! in/ance ( ,mirabeau1 !y ev5 ackn[l$g$1 9 "s measure1 ! pr9ciple ( religi\s lib]ty1 9 its wide/ application4 ,! appall+ massacres ( ,septemb] #b1 #agib1 fell heavily ^u ! cl]gy ?r\gh\t ,france2 ( :om "o hundr$ & =ty 7 murd]$ at ! ,c>mes alone4 ,! ,ar*bi%op ( ,arles on t ev5tful day gave utt]ance to ! foll[+ devot$ plea3 ,give ?anks to ,god1 g5tlem51 t ,he calls u to seal ) our blood ! fai? we pr(ess4 ,let u ask ( ,him ! grace ( f9al p]sev]ance1 :i* by our own m]it we c\ld n obta94 ,! ,re/oration f\nd ! ,*ur* 9 a mis]able & impov]i%$ condition4 ,!re 0 already a long li/ ( dioceses )\t bi%ops2 ( c>d9als1 prelates1 & prie/s )\t *>ges1 _m ( !m 9 prison4 ,congregations innum]able _h be5 suppress$ & _m sees _h be5 aboli%$4 ,! new dioceses1 "u ! ,concordat ( #ahja1 "o = ea* dep>tm5t only1 7 ( va/ size z comp>$ ) ^? :i* _h exi/$ m num]\sly be=e ! ,revolution4 ,9 #ahbb ?irty new sees 7 add$ to ! prelature4 ,to-day !re are sixty-sev5 bi%oprics & sev5te5 ar*bi%oprics1 n includ+ ! colonial suffragans1 b includ+ ! diocese ( ,corsica1 ^: seat is at ,ajaccio4 ,*ur* & ,/ate are ?us se5 to h be51 f ! e>lie/ times1 indissolubly l9k$ ?r\gh\t ,fr5* dom9ion4 ,! k+--:ile !re 0 a k+--0 ! elde/ son ( ! ,*ur*1 &1 x is said1 ! ,*ur* 9 ,france rema9s to-day t "p ( ! ,roman communion :i* possesses ! greate/ importance = ! gov]n+ body ( t fai?4 ,?is1 9 spite ( ! t5d5cy t[>d :at might be call$1 = ! want ( a m expressive ^w1 irreligion4 ,?is is a condition1 or a /ate1 :i* is unque/ionably mak+ headway 9 ! ,france ( to-day--z well1 presumably1 z 9 o!r c\ntries--( its own %e] weight ( numb]s4 ,"o by "o1 s9ce ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,gaul1 all :o plac$ any limits to _! ecclesia/ical allegiance h be5 turn$ out1 & s turn$ into enemies1--! ,prote/ants1 ! ,jans5i/s1 foll[]s ( ! ,bi%op ( ,ypres1 & ! ,con/itutionali/s4 ,reconciliation on ei!r side is1 & ev] has be51 app>5tly1 an impossibility4 ,fre$om ( ?\ght & action is und\bt$ly increas+ its lic5se1 & ! cl]gy 9 politics1 :ile a ?+ to be desir$ by _m1 is1 aft] all1 a ?+ to be fe>$ by ! great] numb]1--= :om a popul> gov]nm5t is made4 ,h5ce ! curtailm5t ( ! p[] ( ! monks--! real secul> propag&i/s--0 p]haps a wise ?+4 ,we are n to-day liv+ "u ! conditions :i* w p]mit ( a new ,ri*elieu to come ^u ! sc5e1 & ! rec5t act 7#aijb7 :i* suppress$ s _m mona/ic e/abli%m5ts1 conv5ts1 & religi\s h\ses ( all ranks1 includ+ ! ,alp9e retreat ( ,la ,gr&e ,*>treuse1 may be tak5 r z a natural process ( curtailm5t ?an a m]e v9dictive desire on ! "p ( ! ,/ate to conc]n itself ) ?+s t d n matt]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is h>d to see j :at imm$iate ga9 is to result to ! nation4 ,,iii ,,! ,,*ur* ,,ar*itecture ,,( ,,s\!rn ,,france ,! be/ hi/ory ( ! ,middle ,ages is t sugge/$ by _! ar*itectural rema9s4 ,t is1 if we want tangible or ocul> demon/ration1 :i* _m ( u d4 ,_m ( ^! rema9s are b indications ( a gr&eur t is pa/ & a val\r & a h]oism t are gone2 b ) ! ,*ur* alone are sugge/$ ! piety & devotion :i* /ill live1 at lea/ to a f> great] degree ?an _m o!r s5tim5ts & emotions2 :i* 9 _! /ruggle to keep pace ) progress h suff]$1 or become effete by ! way4 ,to ! ,*ur*1 !n1 or r religion--if ! ^w be pref]r$--we are *iefly indebt$ = ! pres]vation ( ^! anci5t records 9 /one4 ,ecclesia/ical ar*itecture l$ ! way--!re is no disput+ t1 :atev] op9ions may o!rwise be held by a/ute ar*ologi/s1 hi/orians1 & ! antiqu>ians1 ^: food is any?+ & ev]y?+ s long z x reeks ( antiquity4 ,! plann+ & build+ ( a great *ur* 0 no m5ial "w4 ,*ief dignit>ies !mselves frequ5tly engag$ 9 x3 ! ,abbot ,sug]1 ! =emo/ ar*itect ( 8 "t--prime m9i/] & reg5t ( ! k+dom z he 0--at ,/4 ,d5is2 ,ar*bi%op ,w]n] at ,/rasb\rg2 & ,william ( ,wykeham 9 ,engl&1 to apportion su* hon\rs imp>tially4 ,go?ic /yle appe>s to h turn$ its back on ,italy1 :]e1 9 ,lomb>dy at all ev5ts1 7 made exce$+ly e>ly attempts 9 ?is /yle4 ,?is1 p]haps1 because ( satisfy+ & endur+ classical works :i* all[$ no rivalry2 a /ate ( affairs to "s ext5t equally true ( ! s\? ( ,france4 ,! r\te ( expansion1 !re=e1 0 nor?w>d1 along ! ,rh9e1 into ! ,isle ( ,france1 to ,belgium1 & f9ally into ,engl&4 ,no m true or imag9ative description ( ,go?ic =ms has be5 put into lit]ature ?an ^? l9es ( ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 :i* def9e its *>act]i/ics ?us3 444 ,^: pill>s ) clu/]$ %afts s trim1 ,) base & capital fl\ri%$ 'r\nd1 ,seem$ bundles ( lances :i* g>l&s _h b\nd4 ,9 mod]n times1 ev5 9 ,france1 *ur*-build+ nei!r aspir$ to1 nor a*iev$1 any great di/9ction4 ,s9ce ! ,concordat :at h we _h8 ,a few re/orations1 :i* 9 s f> z !y 7 c>ri$ out 9 ! _s ( ! orig9al 7 excell5t2 a few add$ memb]s1 z ! we/ front & spires ( ,/4 ,ou5 at ,r\52 ! t[]s & we/]n portal at ,cl]mont-,f]r&2 & a few o!r works ( l magnitude & wor?4 ,= ! re/1 :]e any?+ ( bulk 0 und]tak51 x 0 almo/ inv>iably a copy ( a ,r5aissance model1 & (t5 a bad "o at t2 or a desc5t to "s hybrid ?+ worse ev5 ?an 9 _! own l9e 7 ! frank m$iocrities ( ! era ( ! ,citiz5-,k+1 or ! plu% & horsehair horrors ( ! ,second ,empire4 ,mo/ *>act]i/ic1 & truly ! mo/ important ( all1 are ! rema9s ( ! ,gallo-,roman p]iod4 ,^! are ! mo/ notable & =ceful rem9d]s ( ! relative prom95ce obta9$ by m$ival pontiffs1 prelates1 & peoples4 ,^! relations are fur!r borne out by ! frequ5t juxtaposition ( ecclesia/ical & civic in/itutions ( ! cities !mselves1--=tifications1 palaces1 *teaux1 ca!drals1 & *ur*es1 ! =m] indicat+ no m a pr$om9ance ( p[] ?an ! latt]4 ,a consid]ation ( "o1 )\t some?+ m ?an m]e m5tion ( ! o!r1 is n possible1 & incid5tally--ev5 = ! *ur*-lov]--no?+ c be m int]e/+ ?an ! great works ( =tification--/rong1 fr[n+1 & massive--z are yet to be se5 at ,bzi]s1 ,c>cassonne1 or ,avignon4 ,x 0 ?is latt] city :i* %elt]$ )9 its out] walls t monum5tal rem9d] ( ! papal p[] :i* exi/$ 9 ?is ,fr5* capital ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome--z x mu/ /ill be call$--9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,to ! /rang] )9 ! gates ! unconsci\s resemblance betwe5 a ca/ellat$ & battlem5t$ feudal /ronghold & ! _m *ur*es1--& ev5 c]ta9 ca!drals1 z at ,albi1 ,bzi]s1 or ,agde1--:i* 7 n unlike 9 _! outl9e1 w pres5t "s confusion ( ideas4 ,betwe5 a cr5elat$ battlem5t or ! ma*icolations ( a city wall1 z at ,avignon2 or ( a htel de ville1 z at ,n>bonne2 or ! same detail surm\nt+ an episcopal resid5ce1 z at ,albi1 :i* is a v]itable donjon2 or ! ,palais des ,papes1 is n a diff]5ce ev5 ( degree4 ,x is ! same ?+ 9 ea* case4 ,9 "o in/ance1 h[ev]1 x may h be5 purely = def5ce1 & 9 ! o!r us$ z a decorative accessory2 9 ! latt] case x 0 no less useful :5 occasion requir$4 ,?is feature ?r\gh\t ! s\? ( ,france is f> m common ?an 9 ! nor?1 & is b\nd to be /rongly rem>k$4 ,two great gr\ps or divisions ( ar*itectural /yle are disc]nible ?r\gh\t ! s\?1 ev5 by ! mo/ casual ( obs]v]s4 ,"o is ! ,prov5al v>iety1 :i* cl+s some:at closely to ! l[] valley ( ! ,rhne2 & ! o!r1 ! ,aquitanian 7) possibly ! m re/rict$ ,auv]gnian74 ,^! types possess 9 common ! "o di/9ctive trait1 9 "s =m or o!r1 ( ! r\nd-ar*$ vault+ ( ,roman tradition4 ,x is h>dly m ?an a rem9isc5ce1 h[ev]1 & :ile n 9 any way resembl+ ! nor!rn ,go?ic1 at lea/ 9 ! ,aquitanian species1 hov]s on ! bord]l& betwe5 ! sunny s\? & ! m frigid nor?4 ,! ,prov5al type m ne>ly approximates ! old] ,roman1 &1 significantly1 x has--) less int]polation ( mod]n ideas--endur$ ! longe/4 ,! ,aquitanian /yle ( ! ca!drals at ,prigueux & ,ang\lme1 to specialize b two1 is suppos$ to--& x does truly--bridge ! gulf betwe5 ! r\nd-ar*$ /yle :i* is n ,roman & ! m brilliant & graceful type ( ,go?ic4 ,) ?is mann] ( con/ruction goes1 ( c\rse1 a some:at diff]5t int]ior arrangem5t ?an t se5 9 ! nor?4 ,a pr(\nd acqua9tance ) ! subject w %[ t x be>s a c]ta9 resemblance to ! disposition ( p>ts 9 an ,ea/]n mosque1 & to ! e>li] =m ( ,*ri/ian *ur*--! basilica4 ,9 ?is reg>d ,f]gusson makes ! /atem5t )\t res]vation t ! ,eglise de ,s\illac m ne>ly resembles ! ,cairne type ( ,mohamm$an mosque ?an x does a ,*ri/ian *ur*--( any era4 ,a di/9ct feature ( ?is type is ! massive po9t$ ar*1 ^u :i* s _m h built _! def9ition ( ,go?ic4 ,9 tru?1 ?\gh1 x diff]s some:at f ! nor!rn ,go?ic ar*1 b is nev]!less v anci5t4 ,x is us$ 9 e>ly ,*ri/ian *ur*es1--at ,acre & ,jaffa1--& 0 adopt$1 too1 by ! ar*itects ( ! ,ea/]n ,empire long be=e its introduction into ,gaul4 ,! hi/ory ( its transportation might be made int]e/+1 & surely in/ructive1 7 "o able to foll[ its orbit ) any def9ite assurance t "o 0 n w&]+ f ! pa?4 ,?is does n seem possible2 mo/ exp]ts1 real or o!rwise1 :o h tri$ x seem to fl\nd] & f9ally fall 9 ! ef=t to trace its hi/ory 9 consecutive & logical1 or ev5 plausible1 fa%ion4 ,9 illu/ration ?is is well %[n by t wond]ful & unique *ur* ( ,/4 ,front at ,prigueux1 :]e1 9 a design simple to sev]ity1 x %[s its great unsimil>ity to any?+ 9 o!r p>ts ( ,france2 if we except ,la ,tr9it at ,anj\1 ) respect to its ro(+ & pi]s ( nave4 ,x has be5 comp>$ 9 g5]al plan & outl9e to ,/4 ,m>c's at ,v5ice1 b a ,/4 ,m>c's /ripp$ ( its m>bles & mosaics4 ,9 ! ,italian build+ its f\nd]s ga!r$ _! inspiration = _m ( its /ructural details f ! old ,byzant9e ,ea/4 ,at ?is "t ! ,v5etians 7 pu%+ _! comm]cial ent]prises to all p>ts4 ,nor?-we/]n ,france1 & ultimately ! ,briti% ,isles1 0 ! end s\ght4 ,we "k1 too1 t a colony ( ,v5etians _h e/abli%$ itself z f> nor?w>d z ,limoges1 & ano!r at ,prigueux1 :51 9 #ihd1 ?is edifice1 :i* might ju/ly be call$ ,v5etian 9 its plan1 0 begun4 ,no su* decoration or ornam5tation 0 presum$ z 9 its ,adriatic prototype1 b x _h mu* beautiful c>v+ 9 ! capitals ( its pill>s & yet o!r embelli%m5ts1 su* z pavem5ts1 monum5ts1 & preci\s alt>s1 :i* once1 x is said1 exi/$ m num]\sly ?an n[4 ,"h1 !n1 0 ! f\ndation ( a new we/]n /yle1 diff]+ 9 e respect f ! ,prov5al or ! ,angev9ian4 ,examples ( ! nor!rn po9t$ or ,go?ic are1 9 a l>ge way1 f\nd z f> s\? z ,bayonne 9 its ca!dral2 9 ! spires ( ! ca!dral at ,bordeaux2 & less gr&ly1 ?\gh elegantly1 dispos$ 9 ,/4 ,nazaire 9 ! old ,cit de ,c>cassonne2 & f>!r nor? at ,cl]mont-,f]r&1 :]e its nor!rn-po9t$ ca!dral is 9 /rong contra/ to ! neighb\r+ ,notre ,dame du ,port1 a rem>kable type di/9ctly local 9 its plan & details4 ,f ?is po9t onw>d1 x becomes n s mu* a "q ( def9+ & plac+ types1 z ( a *ronological arrangem5t ( fact ) reg>d to ! activities ( ! art ( *ur*-build+4 ,x is d\btless true t _m ( ! works ( ! n9? & t5? c5turies 7 b feeble imitations ( ! build+s ( ,*>lemagne1 b x is also true t ! p]iod 0 t :i* 0 br++ ab\t ! developm5t ( a m or less di/9ct /yle1 & if ! ,romanesque *ur*es ( ,france 7 n :olly ,roman 9 _s !y 7 at lea/ n a debasem5t !refrom4 ,sir ,walt] ,scott has also describ$ ! ,romanesque mann] ( *ur*-build+ mo/ poetically1 z witness ! foll[+ quatra93 ,built ere ! art 0 kn[n ,by po9t$ aisle & %aft$ /alk ,! arcades ( an alley$ walk ,to emulate 9 /one4 ,h[ev]1 little rema9s 9 *ur* ar*itecture ( ! pre-t5? c5tury to comp>e ) ! gr& !atres1 ar5as1 monum5ts1 ar*es1 t[]s1 & bridges :i* are /ill left to u4 ,h5ce comp>ison 7 futile4 ,fur!rmore1 !re is ?is pat5t fact to be reckon$ )1 t ! petty foll[]s ( ! magnific5t ,*>lemagne 7 n end[$ ) z luxuri\s a ta/e1 z l>ge a %>e ( ri*es1 or s great a p[]2 & naturally !y fell be=e ! idea !y w\ld h emulat$4 ,z a :ole ,france 0 at ?is p]iod amid great con/]nation & blood%$1 & traces ( advanc+ civilization 7 fa/ fall+ be=e w>s & cruelties unspeakable4 ,!re came a p]iod :5 ! intellect1 in/ead ( pursu+ its rise1 01 9 reality1 deg5]at+ into ! d>kness ( sup]/ition4 ,! *ur* ar*itecture ( ?is p]iod--s ho/ile to ! arts & g5]al enlight5m5t--0 und]go+ a process ev5 m fatal to its developm5t ?an ! t]rors ( w> or deva/ation4 ,x is a commonplace p]haps to repeat t x 0 ! sup]/ition ar\s$ by ! ,apocalypse t ! end ( all ?+s w\ld come ) ! comm5cem5t ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,x 0 ?is1 h[ev]1 t produc$ ! /agnation 9 *ur*-build+ :i* ev5 ! ard\r ( a few believ+ *ur*m5 c\ld n allay4 ,! only great religi\s f\ndation ( ! "t 0 ! ,abbey ( ,cluny 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! t5? c5tury4 ,:5 ! elev5? c5tury actually arriv$1 ,*ri/ians aga9 be/irr$ !mselves1 & ! v>i\s cities & prov9ces vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 _! en?usia/ic devotion to *ur*-build+1 z if to make up = lo/ "t4 ,f ?is "t onw>d ! art ( *ur*-build+ gave rise to t high] skill & h&icraft1 ! practice ( ar*itecture z an art1 ( :i* ecclesia/ical art1 z 0 b natural1 rose to ! greate/ height4 ,! next c5tury 0 productive ( b little *ange 9 /yle1 &1 ?\gh 9 ! nor? ! transition & ! mo/ primitive ( ,go?ic 7 sl[ly creep+ 91 ! well-def9$ transition did n come until well =w>d 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 :51 s soon aft]1 ! new /yle bloom$ =? 9 all its p]fect$ glory4 ,! ca!drals ( s\!rn ,france are manife/ly n z lively & vigor\s z ^? at ,reims1 ,ami5s1 or ,r\52 none h ! spl5d\r & va/ ext5t ( old glass z at ,*>tres1 & none ( ! small] examples equal ! symmetry & delicacy ( ^? at ,noyon or ,s5lis4 ,"s !re be1 h[ev]1 :i* = magnific5ce & impressiv5ess take rank ) ! mo/ notable ( any l&4 ,?is is true ( ^? ( ,albi1 ,le ,puy1 ,prigueux1 & ,ang\lme4 ,avignon1 too1 9 ! ensemble ( its ca!dral & ! papal palace1 =ms an ar*itectural gr\p+ t is h>dly rivall$ by ,/4 ,pet]'s & ! ,vatican itself4 ,9 _m ( ! cities ( ! s\? ( ,france ! memory ( ! pa/1 ) respect to _! ca!drals1 is ov]%ad[$ by t ( _! secul> & civic monum5ts1 ! ,roman ar5as1 !atres1 & temples4 ,at ,nmes1 ,arles1 ,orange1 & ,vi5ne ^! f> exce$ 9 importance & beauty ! religi\s e/abli%m5ts4 ,! mona/]ies1 abbeys1 & priories ( ! s\? ( ,france are p]haps n m num]\s1 nor yet m gr&1 ?an else:]e1 b !y br+ "o to-day into m intimate association ) _! pa/4 ,! ,gallia-,mona/icum enum]ates _m score ( ^! e/abli%m5ts z hav+ be5 situat$ 9 ^! p>ts4 ,_m h pass$ away1 b _m /ill exi/4 ,among ! fir/ ( _! k9d 7 ^? f\nd$ by ,/4 ,hilaire at ,poiti]s & ,/4 ,m>t9 at ,t\rs4 ,! great ,burgundian pride 0 ! ,abbey ( ,cluny2 mu* ! l>ge/ & p]haps z gr& z any erect$ 9 any l&4 ,its *ur* cov]$ ov] sev5ty ?\s& squ>e feet ( area1 ne>ly equall+ 9 size ! ca!drals at ,ami5s & at ,b\rges1 & l>g] ?an ei!r ^? at ,*>tres1 ,p>is1 or ,reims4 ,?is great *ur* 0 begun 9 #ajhi1 0 d$icat$ 9 #aaca1 & endur$ = m ?an sev5 c5turies4 ,to-day b a few small fragm5ts rema91 b note %\ld be made ( ! influ5ces :i* spread f ?is great mona/ic e/abli%m5t ?r\gh\t all ,europe2 & 7 second only to ^? ( ,rome itself4 ,! lovely cloi/]$ rema9s ( ,prov5ce1 ,auv]gne1 & ,aquita9e1 ! comp>atively mod]n ,*>t]h\se--call$ rem9isc5tly ! ,escurial ( ,dauph9--ne> ,gr5oble1 ! communi/ic *ur* ( ,/4 ,b]tr& de ,comm+es1 ,la ,*aise ,dieu1 ,clairvaux1 & innum]able o!r abbeys & mona/]ies w recall to m9d m =cibly ?an aught else :at _! p[] mu/ once h be54 ,betwe5 ! sev5? & t5? c5turies ^! in/itutions fl\ri%$ & develop$ 9 all ( ! prov9ces :i* g to make up mod]n ,france4 ,b ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies 7 ! gold5 days ( ^! in/itutions4 ,!y r5d]$ unto ! l& & ! p imm5se s]vice1 & _! monks /udi$ n only ! arts & sci5ces1 b work$ ) pr(\nd intellig5ce at all mann] ( utile lab\r4 ,_! ar*itecture ex]t$ a consid]able influ5ce on ?is gr[+ art ( ! nation1 & _m ( _! gr& *ur*es 7 b ! =]unn]s ( ca!drals yet to be4 ,aft] ! twelf? c5tury1 :5 ! arts 9 ,france _h rea*$ ! greate/ heights yet atta9$1 ^! religi\s e/abli%m5ts 7--to give !m hi/orical ju/ice--! greate/ /r5g? 9 ! l&4 ,9 mo/ cases :]e ! great ca!drals 7 n ! works ( bi%ops1 :o may at "o "t h be5 memb]s ( mona/ic communities !mselves1 !y 7 ! results ( ! ef=ts ( laym5 :o 7 direct disciples ( ! ar*itect monks4 ,! mo/ prolific mona/ic ar*itect 0 und\bt$ly ,/4 ,bnigne ( ,dijon1 ! ,italian monk ^: "w 0 spread n only ?r\gh\t ,brittany & ,norm&y1 b ev5 across ! ,*annel to ,engl&4 ,"o is rem9d$ 9 ,france t ! nation's fir/ art expression 0 made ?r\gh *ur*-build+ & decoration4 ,?is proves ,rusk9's some:at involv$ dicta1 t1 ar*itecture is ! art :i* disposes & adorns ! edifices rais$ by man 444 a build+ rais$ to ! hon\r ( ,god has surely a use to :i* its ar*itectural adornm5t fits x4 ,f :atev] remote p]iod ! visible hi/ory ( ,france has sprung1 x is surely f its ar*itectural rema9s--( :i* religi\s edifices h endur$ ! mo/ abundantly--t its *ronicles s9ce ,gallo-,roman times are built up4 ,9 ! s\? ( ,france1 f ! ,gallic & ,roman w>s & invasions1 we h a basis ( tangibility1 inasmu* z ! rema9s are m num]\s & def9ite ?an ! m]e pill>s ( /one & slabs ( rock to be f\nd 9 ,bretagne1 :i* apocryphally are suppos$ to indicate an e>li] civilization4 ,! m5hirs & dolm5s may mean mu* or little2 ! subject is too vague to foll[ "h1 b !y are n f\nd ea/ ( ! ,rhne1 s ! religion ( fanaticism1 ( :atev] species ( f]v\r !y may h result$ f1 has left v little impress on ,france z a nation4 ,aft] ! rude/ e>ly monum5ts 7 erect$ 9 ! s\?1 became ru9$1 & fell1 !re foll[$ gateways1 ar*es1 aqu$ucts1 ar5as1 !atres1 temples1 &1 f9ally1 *ur*es2 & f ^!1 h[ev] m9ute ! /ones1 ! lat] civiliz+ & ,*ri/ianiz+ hi/ory ( ?is fair l& is built up4 ,x is n possible to ignore ^! secul> & worldly contempor>ies ( ! great *ur*es4 ,x w\ld be fatal to simulate bl9dness1 & !y c\ld n o!rwise be ov]look$4 ,aft] ! *ur*-build+ era 0 begun1 ! developm5t ( ! v>i\s /yles 0 rapid3 ,go?ic came1 bloom$1 fl\ri%$1 & )]$ away4 ,!n came ! ,r5aissance1 n all ( x bad1 b 9 ! ma9 entirely unsuitable z a type ( ,*ri/ian ar*itecture4 ,*>les ,,viii4 is commonly suppos$ to h be5 ! introduc] ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance into ,france1 b x 0 to ,francois ,i4--t great arti/ic mon>* & glorifi] ( ! /yle 9 its dome/ic =ms at lea/--t its popul>ization 0 due1 :o %all n say f> beyond its des]ts8 ,only 9 ! magnific5t *teaux1 v>i\sly class$ z ,feudal1 ,r5aissance1 & ,b\rbon1 did x p>take ( details & plans :i* prov$ glori\s 9 _! application4 ,all _h di/9ctly inconsi/5t details graft$ ^u !m2 h[ c\ld x h be5 o!rwise ) ! v>i\s =tunes ( _! h\ses8 ,!re is little or no?+ ( ,go?ic 9 ! *teau ar*itecture ( ,france to di/+ui% x f ! m pron\nc$ type :i* c h>dly be express$ o!rwise ?an z ! ar*itecture ( ! ,fr5* *teaux4 ,no s+le ^w w express x1 & no "o type w cov] !m all1 s f> z def9+ _! ar*itectural /yle4 ,! ca/le at ,t>ascon has a ma*icolat$ battlem5t2 ,c\cy & ,pi]refonds are t[]$ & turret$ z only a ,fr5* *teau c be2 ! ru9$ & black-belt$ *teau ( ,ang]s is aught b a =tress2 & ,blois is an indescribable mixture ( /yle :i* v>ies f ! magnific5t to ! sordid4 ,?is la/ has ev] be5 surr\nd$ by a s5tim5t :i* is p]haps readily en\gh expla9$1 b its ar*itecture is ( t decid$ly mix$ type :i* classes x z a m]e hybrid ?+1 & 9 spite ( ! spl5d\r ( ! additions by ! h\ses ( ! ,salam&] & ! ,h$gehog1 x is a species :i* is z indescribable 7?\gh m effective7 9 dome/ic ar*itecture z is ! ,tudor ( ,engl&4 ,) ! *ur*es ! s5tim5ts ar\s$ are some:at diff]5t4 ,! ,romanesque1 ,prov5al1 ,auv]gnian1 or ,aquitanian1 all bespeak ! real expression ( ! life ( ! "t1 reg>dless ( :e!r individual examples fall bel[ or rise above _! contempor>ies else:]e4 ,! ass]tion is "h confid5tly made1 t a great ca!dral *ur* is1 next to be+ a symbol ( ! fai?1 m great z a monum5t to its age & environm5t ?an z ! product ( its individual build]s2 cry/alliz+ 9 /one ! reg>d ) :i* ! mission ( ! ,*ur* 0 held 9 ! community4 ,*ur*-build+ 0 nev] a fanaticism1 ?\gh x 0 (t5 an en?usiasm4 ,!re is no "q b t *ur* hi/ory 9 g5]al1 & *ur* ar*itecture 9 p>ticul>1 are becom+ less & less ! sole pursuit ( ! pr(essional4 ,"o does n ne$ to adopt a transc5d5t doctr9e by m]ely tak+ an int]e/1 or an intellig5t survey1 9 ! social & political aspects ( ! ,*ur* z an in/itution1 nor is he becom+ biass$ or prejudic$ by a true appreciation ( ! symbolism & arti/ic attributes :i* h ev] surr\nd$ ! art ( *ur*-build+ ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,all w admit t ! /hetic aspect ( ! *ur* edifice has always be5 ! sup]lative art expression ( its era1 race1 & locality4 ,,"p ,,ii ,s\? ( ! ,loire ,i ,,introductory ,! region imm$iately to ! s\?w>d ( ! ,loire valley is g5]ally acc\nt$ ! mo/ f]tile1 abundant1 & prosp]\s section ( ,france4 ,c]ta9ly ! food1 dr9k1 & %elt] ( all classes appe> to be arrang$ on a m lib]al scale ?an else:]e2 & ?is1 be x und]/ood1 is a v good indication ( ! prosp]ity ( a c\ntry4 ,t\ra9e1 ) its luxuri\s s5tim5t ( *teaux1 c\nts1 & bi%ops1 is manife/ly ( ! nor?1 z also is ! bord] prov9ce ( ,ma9e & ,anj\1 :i* m>ks ! progress & developm5t ( *ur*-build+ f ! manife/ ,romanesque types ( ! s\? to ! ar*$ vaults ( ! nor!rn v>iety4 ,imm$iately to ! s\?w>d--if "o j\rneys b a few leagues--9 ,poit\1 ,sa9tonge1 & ,ang\mois1 or 9 ! ea/1 9 ,b]ri1 ,m>*e1 & ,lim\s91 "o comes ^u a v diff]5t s5tim5t inde$4 ,!re is an abundance = all1 b )\t ! opul5ce ( ,burgundy or ! spl5d\r ( ,t\ra9e4 ,( ! ?ree regions dealt ) 9 ?is section1 ,poit\ is ! mo/ prosp]\s1 ,auv]gne ! mo/ picturesque1--?\gh ! ,cev5nes are /]n & /]ile1--& ,lim\s9 ! lea/ appeal+4 ,lim\s9 &1 9 "s measure1 ,b]ri & ,m>*e are purely pa/oral2 &1 ?\gh greatly div]sifi$ z to topography1 lack1 9 abundance1 ar*itectural monum5ts ( ! fir/ rank4 ,poit\1 9 ! we/1 bord]s ^u ! ocean & is to a great ext5t wild1 rugg$1 & romantic4 ,! =e/ region ( ! ,bocage has ev] be5 a !me = poets & pa9t]s4 ,9 ! extreme we/ ( ! prov9ce is ! ,v5de1 n[ ! dep>tm5t ( ! same "n4 ,! /ruggles ( its inhabitants on behalf ( ! mon>*ical cause1 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! ,revolution1 is a lurid page ( blood-r$ hi/ory t recalls "o ( ! mo/ gallant /ruggles 9 ! life ( ! mon>*y4 ,! p "h 7 h>dy & vigor\s1--a race ( l&lords :o liv$ l>gely ^u _! own e/ates b /ill reta9$ an atta*m5t = ! feudatories r\nd ab\t1 a feel+ :i* 0 unkn[n else:]e 9 ,france4 ,poiti]s1 on ! riv] ,cla91 a tribut>y ( ! ,vi5ne1 is ! *ief city ( ,poit\4 ,its eight magnific5t *ur*es are great]1 9 ! numb] & ext5t ( _! *>ms1 ?an any simil> octette else:]e4 ,! valley ( ! ,*>5te wat]s a consid]able region to ! s\?w>d ( ,poiti]s4 ,le bon ,roi ,h5ri ,,iv4 call$ ! /ream ! mo/ *>m+ 9 all 8 k+dom4 ,! *ief cities on its banks are ,la ,ro*elle1 ! ,hugu5ot /ronghold2 ,ro*e=t1 fam$ 9 worldly fa%ion = its *eeses2 & ,ang\lme1 fam$ = its ,du*esse1 :o 0 also worldly1 & m p>ticul>ly = its great dom$ ca!dral ( ,/4 ,pi]re4 ,) ,auv]gne "o comes ^u a topographical aspect q diff]5t f any?+ se5 else:]e4 ,mo/ ?+s ( ?is _w are b comp>ative1 & s ) ,auv]gne4 ,x is picturesque1 c]ta9ly4 ,le ,puy has inde$ be5 call$ by "o :o kn[s1 ! mo/ picturesque place 9 ! _w4 ,cl]mont-,f]r& is almo/ equally attractive z to situation2 :ile ,puy de ,dme1 ,riom1 & ,/4 ,nectaire =m a trio ( naturally picturesque topographical features :i* x w\ld be h>d to equal )9 s small a radius else:]e4 ,! c\ntry r\nd ab\t is volcanic1 & ! face ( ! l&scape %[s x pla9ly4 ,cl]mont-,f]r&1 ! capital1 0 a popul\s city 9 ,roman times1 & 0 ! c5tre f :i* ! _s ( ! ,*ur* surviv$ & w5t =? anew aft] five consecutive c5turies ( deva/ation & blood%$ ( ,v&als1 ,visigo?s1 ,franks1 ,s>ac5s1 ,c>lov+ians & ,capetians4 ,puy de ,dme1 ne> ,cl]mont-,f]r&1 is a massive rocky m\nt :i* rises ne>ly five ?\s& feet above ! sea-level1 & pres5ts "o ( ^? uncommon & curi\s sights :i* "o c h>dly realize until he comes imm$iately b5ea? _! spell4 ,?r\gh\t ?is region are _m brok5 volcanic crat]s & lava /reams4 ,at ,mont ,dor-le-,ba9s are a few rema9s ( a ,roman !rmal e/abli%m5t2 an indication t ^! e>ly settl]s f\nd--if !y did n seek--^! w>m spr+s ( a unique quality1 fam\s yet ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,an alleg$ ,druid's alt>1 m probably m]ely a dolm51 is situat$ ne> ,/4 ,nectaire1 a small wat]+-place :i* is also possess$ ( an impressively simple1 ?\gh massive1 ,romanesque *ur*4 ,at ,issiore is ! ,eglise de ,/4 ,pol1 a l>ge & important *ur*1 built 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 9 ! ,romanesque mann]4 ,ano!r mo/ int]e/+ great *ur* is ,la ,*aise ,dieu ne> ,le ,puy1 a rem>kable con/ruction ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,x 0 orig9ally ! mona/]y ( ! ,casa ,dei4 ,x has be5 popul>ly suppos$ h]et(ore t its floor 0 on a level ) ! summit ( ,puy de ,dme1 h5ce its appropriate nom5clature2 latt]ly ! ass]tion has be5 refut$1 z x may be by any "o :o takes ! tr\ble to comp>e ! respective elevations 9 figures4 ,?is impos+ *ur* ranks1 h[ev]1 unres]v$ly among ! greate/ ( ! m$ival mona/ic e/abli%m5ts ( ,france4 ,! p[]ful feudal sy/em ( ! ,middle ,ages1 :i* ext5d$ f ! ,atlantic & ,g]man ,oceans ne>ly to ! ,neapolitan & ,spani% bord]s--aft]w>d c>ri$ /ill f>!r into ,naples & ,brita9--f9ds its mo/ important & /rik+ monum5t ( c5tral ,france 9 ! ,*teau ( ,polignac1 only a few miles f ,le ,puy4 ,?is to-day is b a ru91 b x rises boldly f a depress$ valley1 & sugge/s 9 e way--ru9 ?\gh x be--! m$ival /ronghold t x once 04 ,orig9ally x 0 ! seat ( ! di/+ui%$ family ^: "n x be>s4 ,! ,revolution practically de/roy$ x1 b su* z is left %[s completely ! great ext5t ( its functions bo? z a =tress & a palace4 ,^! elem5ts 7 made necess>y by long ages ( w>f>e & discord1--local 9 _m cases1 b none ! less blood?ir/y = t1--& :ile su* in/itutions naturally promulgat$ ! gr[? ( ,feudalism :i* left ^! massive & g5]\s memorials1 x is h>d to see1 ev5 to-day1 h[ else ! end might h be5 obta9$4 ,auv]gne1 accord+ to ,f]gusson1 :o 9 8 fact has seldom be5 f\nd want+1 has "o ( ! mo/ beautiful & num]\s ( ! 'r\nd-,go?ic' /yles 9 ,france 444 class$ among ! p]fect$ /yles ( ,europe4 ,imm$iately to ! s\?w>d ( ,le ,puy is t m>vell\s c\ntry kn[n z ! ,cev5nes4 ,x has be5 commonly call$ /]ile1 b>e1 unproductive1 & mu* t is less *>itable z criticism4 ,x is n v productive1 to be sure1 b a native ( ! l& once deliv]$ himself ( ?is rem>k3 ,le mri] a t p5dant longtemps l'arbre d'or du ,cev5ol4 ,?is is prima-facie evid5ce t ! fir/ /atem5t 0 a libel4 ,9 ! latt] ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury ! ,prote/ants ( ! ,cev5nes 7 a l>ge & p[]ful body ( diss5t]s4 ,a curi\s "w 9 ,engli%1 writt5 by a native ( ,langu$oc 9 #agjc1 /ates t !y 7 at lea/ t5 to "o ,papi/4 ,& 'twas obs]v$1 9 _m ,places1 ! ,prie/ said mass only = 8 ,cl]k1 ,himself1 & ! ,walls4 ,^! p 7 n only valiant b indu/ri\s1 & at t "t held ! mo/ consid]able trade 9 wool ( all ,france4 ,to quote aga9 ?is eighte5?-c5tury ,langu$ocian1 :o aspir$ to be a writ] ( ,engli%1 we le>n3 ,god v\*saf$ to ,illum9ate ?is ,p ) ! ,tru?s ( ! ,gospel1 sev]al ,ages be=e ! ,re=mation4444 ,! ,wald5ses & ,albig5ses fl$ into ! ,m\nta9s to escape ! viol5ce ( ! ,crusades aga9/ !m4444 ,cruel p]secution did n s :olly ext+ui% ! ,sacr$ ,light 9 ! ,cev5nes1 b t "s p>ts ( x 7 pres]v$ among its ,a%es4 ,z e>ly z #afhc ! ,prote/ants 9 _m p>ts ( s\!rn ,france drew up a ,project ( non-compliance ) ! ,edicts & ,decl>ations aga9/ !m4 ,! inhabitants 9 g5]al1 h[ev]1 ( ! weal?y cities ( ,montpelli]1 ,nmes & ,uzs 7 divid$ mu* z factions are to-day1 & ! ,papi/ pref]5ce prevail+1 ! s*eme 0 n put into execution4 ,because ( ?is1 attempt$ resi/ance 0 made only 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,cev5nes & ,dauph94 ,"h ! diss5t]s met ) com=t & assurance by ! prea*+s ( sev]al m9i/]s1 & f9ally s\ght to g out proselytiz+ among _! outside bre?r5 9 affliction4 ,?is br\ght m>tyrdom1 oppression1 & blood%$2 & f9ally culm9at$ 9 a long s]ies ( massacres4 ,*ildr5 9 l>ge numb]s 7 tak5 f _! p>5ts1 & put "u ! ,romi% fai?1 z a precaution1 presumably1 t future g5]ations %\ld be m tractable & fai?ful4 ,x is told ( ! ,bi%op ( ,alais t ^u visit+ ! cur at ,vigan1 he desir$ t =ty *ildr5 %\ld be s put away1 =?)4 ,! cur c\ld f9d b sixte5 :o 7 n dutiful t[>d ! ,*ur*1 b ! bi%op w\ld h none ( x4 ,=ty 0 8 quota f t village1 & =ty mu/ be f\nd4 ,=ty 7 f\nd1 ! re/ be+ made up f ^? :o presumably /ood 9 no great ne$ ( ! c>e ( ! ,*ur*1 beyond su* z already came into _! daily lives4 ,x seems outrage\s & unfair at ?is late day1 leav+ all "q ( ,*ur* & cre$ outside ! pale1 b mo/ ma*9ation ( arbitr>y law & rul+ works ! same way1 & pity 'tis t ! ,*ur* %\ld n h be5 ! fir/ to recognize ?is t5d5cy4 ,h[ev]1 ^! pr$ilections on ! "p ( ! p are sc>cely m ?an a memory to-day1 9 spite ( ! fact t ,prote/antism /ill holds =? 9 _m p>ts4 ,ta9e 0 und\bt$ly "r :5 he said t x 0 improbable t su* a religion w\ld ev] satisfy ! ,fr5* temp]am5t4 ,lim\s9 p>takes ( _m ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ,auv]gne & ,poit\4 ,its ar*itectural types fav\r ! latt]1 & its topographical features ! =m]4 ,! resemblance is n s v great 9 ei!r case1 b x is to be rem>k$4 ,its *ief city1 ,limoges1 lies to ! nor?w>d ( ! ,montagnes du ,lim\s91 on ! banks ( ! ,vi5ne1 :i*1 ?r\gh ! ,loire1 ent]s ! ,atlantic at ,/4 ,nazaire4 ,9 a way1 its topographical situation1 z above not$1 acc\nts f> m = its t5d5cies ( life1 ! art expression ( its *ur*es1 & its anci5t enamels & pott]y ( to-day1 ?an does its climatic situation4 ,x is climatically ( ! s\?l&1 b its indu/ry & its influ5ces h be5 greatly nor!rn4 ,) ! surr\nd+ c\ntry ?is is n true1 b ) its "o c5tre ( population--,limoges--x is4 ,,ii ,l',,abbaye ,,de ,,maillezais ,maillezais is b a memory1 s f> z its p & p[] are conc]n$4 ,x is n ev5 a ,v5dean t[n1 z _m suppose1 ?\gh x 0 ! seat ( a ?irte5?-c5tury bi%opric1 :i* 9 ! "t ( ,l\is ,quatorze 0 transf]r$ to ,la ,ro*elle4 ,its abbey *ur*1 ! olde/ portion ( :i* dates f ! t5? to ! twelf? c5turies1 is n[ b a ru94 ,9 ! f\rte5? c5tury ! e/abli%m5t 0 greatly enl>g$ & ext5sive build+s add$4 ,to-day x is class$1 by ! ,commission des ,monum5ts ,hi/oriques1 among ^? treasures = :i* x /&s sponsor z to _! antiquity1 arti/ic wor?1 & future pres]vation4 ,aside f ?is & ! record ( ! fact t x became1 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ! seat ( a bi%op's ?rone1--) ,ge(froy ,i4 z its fir/ occupant1--x mu/ be dismiss$ )\t fur!r comm5t4 ,illu/ration ,,iii ,,/4 ,,l\is ,,de ,,la ,,ro*elle ,! city ( ,la ,ro*elle w h m int]e/ = ! lov] ( hi/ory ?an = ! lov] ( *ur*es4 ,its pa/ has be5 lurid1 & ! mom5t\s "q ( ! future rights ( ! ,prote/ants ( ,france made ?is natural /ronghold ! battle-gr\nd :]e ! mo/ /ubborn resi/ance aga9/ ,*ur* & ,/ate 0 made4 ,! siege ( #aegc 0 unsuccessful4 ,b a little m ?an half a c5tury lat] ! city1 aft] a siege ( f\rte5 mon?s1 gave way be=e ! p[]ful =ce br\ght aga9/ x by ,c>d9al ,ri*elieu 9 p]son1 support$ by ,l\is ,,xiii4 ,= ?is reason1 if = no o!r1 he :o w\ld "k f p]sonal acqua9tance ! gr\nd ^u :i* ! mighty battles ( ! fai? 7 f\ght w n pass ! ,hugu5ot city quickly by4 ,! ,hugu5ot /ronghold ( ,la ,ro*elle naturally might n be suppos$ to possess a v magnific5t ,roman ca!dral4 ,z a matt] ( fact x does n1 & x has only rank$ z a ca!dral city s9ce #affe1 :5 ! bi%opric 0 transf]r$ f ,maillezais4 ,! city 0 9 ! h&s ( ! ,hugu5ots f #aeeg until ! siege ( #afbh-afbi2 & 01 dur+ all ?is "t1 ! bulw>k ( ! ,prote/ant cause 9 ,france4 ,! pres5t ca!dral ( ,/4 ,l\is dates only f #agce4 ,its pseudo-classic features classify x z "o ( ^? /ructures designat$ by ! disc]n+ ,abb ,b\rass z be+ cold-blood$ & lack+ 9 lu/re4 ,x surely is all ( t1 & ! pity is t x (f]s no *>m :atev] ( ei!r %ape or feature4 ,x is ( c\rse m ?an likely t ,hugu5ot influ5ce 0 "h s great z to h /rangl$ any ambition on ! "p ( ! m$ival build]s to h erect$ previ\sly any?+ m impos+4 ,& :5 t "t 0 pa/ came also ! demise ( ,go?ic spl5d\r4 ,! transition f ! po9t$ to ! sup]impos$ classical details1 :i* 0 ! di/9ctive ,r5aissance mann] ( *ur*-build+1 0 n z sudd5 z _m suppose1 ?\gh x came into be+ simultane\sly ?r\gh\t ! l&4 ,!re is no trace1 h[ev]1 9 ! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,l\is1 ( any?+ b a base desc5t to features only too well recogniz$ z hav+ little ( *ur*ly mi5 ab\t !m2 & truly ?is /ructure is no bett] or worse z an art object ?an _m o!rs ( its class4 ,! significant aspect be+ t1 ?\gh x resembles ,go?ic n at all1 nei!r does x be> any close relation%ip to ! ,romanesque4 ,! =m] p>i% *ur* ( ,/4 ,b>?lemy1 long s9ce de/roy$1 has left beh9d1 z a memory ( its =m] greatness1 a s+le lone t[]1 ! "w ( a ,cluniac monk1 ,mognon by "n4 ,x is wor? h\rs ( contemplation & /udy z comp>$ ) ! m9utes :i* c\ld pr(itably be devot$ to ! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,l\is4 ,illu/ration ,,iv ,,ca?,,drale ,,de ,,lu,,on ,:5 ! see ( ,luon 0 e/abli%$ 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury x compreh5d$ a t]ritory ov] :i* ,poiti]s _h previ\sly _h jurisdiction4 ,a p[]ful abbey 0 "h 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 b ! fir/ bi%op1 ,pi]re de la ,veyrie1 did n come to ! diocese until #acag4 ,! real fame ( ! diocese1 9 mod]n m9ds1 lies 9 ! fact t ,c>d9al ,ri*elieu 0 made bi%op ( ,luon 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury 7#afjf to #afbd74 ,! ca!dral at ,luon is a rem>kable /ructure 9 appe>ance4 ,a hybrid conglom]ate ?+1 picturesque en\gh to ! untra9$ eye1 b ill-proportion$1 weak1 effem9ate1 & base4 ,its graceful ,go?ic spire1 crocket$1 & ( true dw9dl+ dim5sions1 is sup]impos$ on a t[] :i* looks z ?\gh x might h be5 modell$ ) a s]ies ( *ildr5's build+-blocks4 ,?is 9 its turn cr[ns a classical portal & colonnade 9 mo/ uncanny fa%ion4 ,9 ! fir/ /age ( ?is t[]1 z x rises above ! portal1 is :at1 at a di/ance1 appe>s to be a dim9utive rosace4 ,9 reality x is an enorm\s clock-face1 to :i* "o's att5tion is inv>iably direct$ by ! native1 a species ( local admiration :i* is univ]sal ?r\gh\t ! kn[n _w :]ev] an unga9ly clock exi/s4 ,! workman%ip ( ! build+ z a :ole is ( e c5tury f ! twelf? to ! sev5te5?1 ) a complete re/oration 9 #ahec4 ,9 ! episcopal palace is a cloi/]$ arcade1 ! rema9s ( a fifte5?-c5tury "w4 ,a r pleas+ situation sets (f ?is pret5ti\s b unwor?y ca!dral 9 a mann] sup]ior to t :i* x des]ves4 ,illu/ration ,v ,,/4 ,,front ,,de ,p,,rigueux ,! gr&e/ & mo/ notable t5?-c5tury *ur* yet rema9+ 9 ,france is unque/ionably t ( ,/4 ,front at ,prigueux4 ,f ! records ( its hi/ory & a /udy ( its di/9ctive con/ructive elem5ts has be5 trac$ ! developm5t ( ! transition p]iod :i* ultimately produc$ ! ,go?ic spl5d\rs ( ! ,isle ( ,france4 ,x is m ?an rem9isc5t ( ,/4 ,m>c's at ,v5ice1 & is ! mo/ notable expon5t ( t type ( ro(+ :i* employ$ ! cupola 9 gr\ps1 to su/a9 ! ?ru/ & c\nt]?ru/1 :i* 0 aft]w>d accompli%$ by ! ogival ar* 9 conjunction ) ! fly+ buttress4 ,"h are comp>atively slight su/a9+ walls1 & accord+ly no great ro($-ov] *amb]s su* z we get 9 ! lat] ,go?ic1 b ! :ole mass is1 9 spite ( ?is1 sugge/ive ( a massiv5ess :i* _m m heavily wall$ *ur*es d n possess4 ,p>adoxically1 too1 a view ov] its ro(-top1 ) its ranges ( egg-l domes1 sugge/s a frailty :i* b = its sci5tifically dispos$ /ra9s w\ld d\btless h collaps$ ere n[4 ,?is anci5t abbatial *ur* succe$$ an e>li] basilique on ! same site4 ,viollet-le-,duc says ( x3 ,x is an importation f a =eign c\ntry2 ! mo/ rem>kable example ( *ur*-build+ 9 ,gaul s9ce ! b>b>ic invasion4 ,! plan ( ! ca!dral foll[s n only ! =m ( ,/4 ,m>c's1 b also approximates its dim5sions4 ,! rema9s ( ! anci5t basilica are only to be rem>k$ 9 ! portion :i* prec$es ! =emo/ cupola4 ,/4 ,front has ! unusual attribute ( an avant-por*1--a sort ( primitive n>!n1 z 0 a feature ( t5?-c5tury build+s 7see plan & descriptions ( a t5?-c5tury *ur* 9 app5dix71 beh9d :i* is a second por*1--a ve/ibule b5ea? ! t[]1--& f9ally ! fir/ ( ! gr\p1 ( five c5tral cupolas4 ,! clo*] or belfry ( ,/4 ,front is accr$it$ z be+ "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable elev5?-c5tury erections ( its k9d 9 any l&4 ,x is made up ( squ>e /ages1 ea* small] ?an ! o!r1 & cr[n$ f9ally by a conic cupola4 ,its e>ly inception & erection "h are suppos$ to acc\nt = ! simil>ity ( o!rs--n s magnific5t1 b l to a m>k$ degree--9 ! neighb\r+ prov9ces4 ,"h is no trace ( ! pil$-up tab\ret /yle ( lat] c5turies1 & x is f> remov$ f ! mosque-l m9>ets :i* 7 ! und\bt$ prototypes ( ! m$ival clo*]s4 ,s1 too1 x is diff]5t1 q1 f ! ,italian campanile or ! beffroi :i* crept into civic ar*itecture 9 ! nor?2 b ^: sole example 9 ! s\? ( ,france is believ$ to be t curi\s /ructure :i* /ill holds =? 9 ! papal city ( ,avignon4 ,says ,b\rass3 ,! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,front at ,prigueux is unique4 ,its f\ndation dates ) c]titude f betwe5 #ajaj & #ajdg1 & is !re=e contempor>y ) t ( ,/4 ,m>c's at ,v5ice--:i* x s greatly resembles--:i* 0 rebuilt aft] a fire betwe5 #igg & #ajga4 ,illu/ration3 ,detail ( ! ,int]ior ( ,/4 ,front de ,prigueux ,! g5]al effect ( ! int]ior is z impressive z x is unusual1 ) its l(ty cupolas1 its weighty & gross pill>s1 & its massive ar*es betwe5 ! cupolas2 all ( :i* are purely con/ructive elem5ts4 ,!re are few really ornam5tal details1 & su* z exi/ are ( a sev]e & unprogressive type1 be+ m]ely rem9isc5t ( ! antique4 ,9 its g5]al plan1 ,/4 ,front foll[s t ( a ,grecian cross1 its twelve wall-faces cr[n$ by cont9u\s p$im5ts4 ,eight massive pill>s1 ^: functions are ^? ( ! lat] develop$ buttress1 flank ! extremities ( ! cross1 & are cr[n$ by pyramidal cupolas :i*1 ) ! ma9 ro(+1 comb9e to give t di/9ctive "* to ?is unusual & =eign ca!dral ( mid-,france4 ,/4 ,front1 f :om ! ca!dral takes its "n1 became ! fir/ bi%op ( ,prigueux :5 ! see 0 f\nd$ 9 ! second c5tury4 ,,vi ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,,de ,,poiti]s ,,9 #acag ! diocese ( ,poiti]s 0 divid$1 & p>ts apportion$ to ! newly f\nd$ bi%oprics ( ,maillezais & ,luon4 ,! fir/ bi%op ( ,poiti]s 0 ,/4 ,nectaire1 9 ! ?ird c5tury4 ,by virtue ( ! ,concordat ( #ahja ! diocese n[ compreh5ds ! ,dep>tm5ts ( ,vi5ne & ,deux-,svres4 ,! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,pi]re de ,poiti]s has be5 baldly & t]sely describ$ z a m]e ,lomb>d %ell ) a ,go?ic por*4 ,?is h>dly does x ju/ice1 ev5 z to precis5ess4 ,! ea/]ly portion is ,lomb>d1 )\t "q1 & ! nave is ( ! nor!rn po9t$ v>iety2 a n unusual admixture ( feature1 b "o :i* c b sugge/ t /ill m1 mu* m1 is beh9d x4 ,! po9t$ nave is ( great beauty1 &1 9 ! we/]ly end1 conta9s an elaborate rosace--an infrequ5t attribute 9 ^! p>ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,poiti]s ,! aisles are ( great bread?1 & are q z l(ty 9 proportion4 ,?is produces an effect ( great amplitude1 ne>ly z mu* s z ( ! great hall$ *ur*es at ,albi or ! aisleless ,/4 ,&r at ,bordeaux1 & contra/s =cibly 9 maje/y ) ! usual ,go?ic conception ( great height1 z aga9/ extreme wid?4 ,( ,poiti]s ,pr(essor ,freeman says3 ,x is no less a city ( c\nts ?an ,ang]s2 & if ,c\nts ( ,anj\ grew into ,k+s ( ,engl&1 "o ,c\ntess ( ,poiti]s grew no less into a ,que5 ( ,engl&2 & :5 ! "y ,h5ry took h] to wife1 he took all ,poit\ ) h]1 & ,aquita9e & ,gascogne1 too1 s great 0 8 desire = l&s & p[]4 ,leav+ t aspect ap>t--to ! hi/orians & apologi/s--x is ! *ur*es ( ,poiti]s :i* h = ! travell] ! greate/ & all-p]vad+ int]e/4 ,poiti]s is ju/ly fam$ = its noble & num]\s m$ival *ur* edifices4 ,five ( !m rank z a unique s]ies ( ,romanesque types--! mo/ preci\s 9 all ,france4 ,9 importance !y are p]haps be/ rank$ z foll[s3 ,/4 ,hilaire1 ( ! t5? & elev5? c5turies2 ! ,bapti/re1 or ! ,temple ,/4 ,jean1 ( ! f\r? to twelf? c5turies2 ,notre ,dame de la ,gr&e & ,/4 ,radegonde1 ( ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies2 & ,la ,ca?drale1 dat+ f ! end ( ! ,romanesque p]iod4 ,toge!r !y pres5t a unique s]ies ( magnific5t *ur*es1 z is truly claim$4 ,:5 "o crosses ! ,loire1 he crosses ! b\nd>y n only into s\!rn ,gaul b into s\!rn ,europe z well2 :]e ! v aspects ( life1 z well z climatic & topographical conditions & features1 are f> diff]5t f ^? ( ! nor!rn ,fr5* prov9ces4 ,look+ backw>d f ! ,middle ,ages--f ! f\rte5? c5tury to ! f\r?--"o f9ds ! city less a city ( c\nts ?an ( bi%ops4 ,ano!r aspect :i* places ,poiti]s at ! v head ( ecclesia/ical f\ndations is t x su/a9$1 & /ill su/a9s1 a sep>ate religi\s edifice kn[n z ! ,bapti/re4 ,x is "h a /ructure ( ,*ri/ian-,roman times1 & is a feature seldom se5 nor? ( ! ,alps1 or ev5 out ( ,italy4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r example at ,le ,puy & ano!r at ,aix-en-,prov5ce4 ,?is ,bapti/re de ,/4 ,jean 0 f\nd$ dur+ ! reign ( ,/4 ,hilaire z bi%op ( ,poiti]s1 a prelate ^: "n /ill lives 9 ! glise ,/4 ,hilaire-le-,gr&4 ,! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,pi]re is commonly class$ "u ! g5]ic /yle ( ,romanesque2 m p>ticul>ly x is ( ! ,lomb>d v>iety1 if su* a di/9ction c be made betwe5 ! two species ) surety4 ,at all ev5ts x m>ks ! divid+-l9e--or p]iod1 :5 ! process ( evolution becomes mo/ m>k$--betwe5 ! almo/ pagan plan ( _m e>ly ,*ri/ian *ur*es & ! com+ ( ,go?ic4 ,9 spite ( its prom95ce & its beauty ) reg>d to its accessories1 ,/4 ,pi]re de ,poiti]s does n imm$iately take rank z ! mo/ beautiful1 nor yet ! mo/ int]e/+1 among ! *ur*es ( ! city3 nei!r has x ! comm&+ situation ( c]ta9 o!r ca!drals ( ! neighb\r+ prov9ces1 su* z ,notre ,dame at ,le ,puy1 ,/4 ,maurice at ,ang]s1 or ,/4 ,front at ,prigueux4 ,9 %ort1 z to situation1 x j misses :at o!rwise might h be5 a comm&+ location4 ,/4 ,radegonde ov]hangs ! riv] ,cla91 b is yet f> bel[ ! ca!dral1 :i* /&s ^u ! ea/]n flank ( an em95ce1 & f _m po9ts is lo/ entirely to view4 ,f c]ta9 di/ant vantage-gr\nd1 ! composition is1 h[ev]1 z complete & impos+ an ensemble z might be desir$1 b decid$ly ! ne>] view is n s pleas+1 & some:at mitigates ! =m] e/imate4 ,!re is a c]ta9 unc\?ness 9 ! outl9es ( ?is *ur* t does n br+ x into competition ) t class ( ! great *ur*es ( ,france kn[n z les gr&es ca?drales4 ,! g5]al outl9e ( ! ro(--omitt+ ( c\rse ! scanty transepts--is v rem9isc5t ( ,b\rges2 & aga9 ( ,albi4 ,! ridge-pole is brok51 h[ev]1 by a slight diff]5tiation ( height betwe5 ! *oir & ! nave1 & ! we/]ly t[]s sc>cely rise above ! ro( itself4 ,! ea/]ly t]m9ation is decid$ly unusual1 ev5 unto peculi>ity4 ,x is n1 aft] ! ,engli% mann]1 ( ! squ>$ ea/-end v>iety1 nor yet does x possess an apse ( conv5tional =m1 b r is a comb9ation ( ! two widely diff]+ /yles1 ) consid]ably m ?an a sugge/$ apse :5 view$ f ! int]ior1 & m]ely a flat b>e wall :5 se5 f ! outside4 ,9 addition ?ree dim9utive sep>ate apses are atta*$ !reto1 & pres5t 9 ! complet$ arrangem5t a v>iation or species :i* is di/9ctly local4 ,! pres5t edifice dates f #aafb1 its con/ruction be+ l>gely due to ! ,c\ntess ,eleanor1 que5 to ! "y ,e>l ,h5ry4 ,! high alt> 0 d$icat$ 9 #aaii1 b ! *oir itself 0 n f9i%$ until a half-c5tury lat]4 ,!re is no tri=ium or cl]e/ory1 &1 b = ! aisles1 ! ca!dral w\ld approximate ! dim5sions & int]ior outl9es ( t great *amb]$ *ur* at ,albi2 z x is1 x comes well )9 ! classification call$ by ! ,g]mans hall5kir*e4 ,pr(essor ,freeman has said t a *ur* t has aisles c h>dly be call$ a typical ,angev9 *ur*2 b ,/4 ,pi]re de ,poiti]s is di/9ctly ,angev9 9 spite ( ! l(t9ess ( its walls & pill>s4 ,! we/ front is ! mo/ elaborate con/ructive elem5t & is an addition ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 ) flank+ t[]s ( ! same p]iod :i* /& well =w>d & to "o side1 z at ,r\51 & at ,wells1 9 ,engl&4 ,! we/]n doorway is decorat$ ) sculptures ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 9 a mann] :i* some:at sugge/s ! "w ( ! nor!rn build]s2 :o1 says ,f]gusson1 7 aid+ ! bi%ops ( ! s\!rn dioceses to emulate 9 "s degree ! ambiti\s works ( ! ,isle ( ,france4 ,! gr\nd-plan ( ?is ca!dral is curi\s1 & %[s1 9 its int]ior arrangem5ts1 a n>r[+ or draw+ 9 ( p>ts t[>d ! ea/4 ,?is is caus$ mo/ly by ! decreas+ effect ( height betwe5 ! nave & *oir1 & ! fact t ! att5uat$ transepts are h>dly m ?an sugge/ions--occupy+ b ! wid? ( "o bay4 ,! nave ( eight bays & ! aisles are ( ne>ly equal height1 :i* aga9 t5ds to produce an effect ( l5g?4 ,!re is pa9t$ glass ( ! ?irte5? c5tury 9 small quantity1 & a mu* l>g] am\nt ( an eighte5?-c5tury product1 :i* %[s--z always--! decad5ce ( ! art4 ,( ?is glass1 t ( ! rosace at ! we/]ly end is p]haps ! be/1 judg+ f ! m9ute portions :i* c be se5 peep+ out f beh9d ! organ-case4 ,! pres5t high alt> is a mod]n "w1 z also--comp>atively--are ! tombs ( v>i\s *ur*m5 :i* are scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! nave & *oir4 ,9 ! sacri/y1 access to :i* is ga9$ by "s my/ic rite n always made cle> to ! visitor1 are suppos$ to be a s]ies ( pa9t$ portraits ( all ! =m] bi%ops ( ,poiti]s1 f ! f\rte5? c5tury onw>d4 ,x mu/ be an int]e/+ collection if ! outsid] c\ld b judge = himself2 z ?+s n[ are1 x has to be tak5 on fai?4 ,a detail ( di/9ct value1 & a feature :i* %[s a due reg>d = ! abilities ( ! ma/] workman :o built ! ca!dral1 ?\gh 8 "n is unkn[n1 is to be se5 9 ! tympana ( ! canopies :i* ov]hang ! /alls ( ! *oir4 ,"h is an ackn[l$gm5t--9 a tangible if n a specific =m--( ! ar*itectural g5ius :o 0 responsible = ! con/ruction ( ?is *ur*4 ,x consi/s ( a sculptur$ figure 9 /one1 :i* be>s 9 its arms a compass & a ,t squ>e4 ,?is sugge/s ! possible connection betwe5 ! ,masonic craft & *ur*-build+ ( ! ,middle ,ages2 a subject :i* has ev] be5 a vex$ "q among antiqu>ies1 & "o :i* d\btless ev] w be4 ,! episcopal resid5ce adjo9s ! ca!dral on ! "r1 & ! *>m+ ,bapti/re ,/4 ,jean is also close to ! walls (1 b q sep>ate f1 ! ma9 build+ ( ! ca!dral4 ,! o!r ar*itectural attractions ( ,poiti]s are ne>ly z great z its array ( *ur*es4 ,! ,muse is exce$+ly ri* 9 ar*ological treasures4 ,! pres5t-day ,palais de ,ju/ice 0 ! =m] palace ( ! ,c\nts ( ,poit\4 ,x has a gr& *amb] 9 its ,salle des ,pas-p]dus1 :i* dates f ! twelf? to f\rte5? c5turies z to its decorations4 ,! ramp>ts ( ! city are exce$+ly int]e/+ & ext5sive4 ,9 ! mod]n htel de ville are a s]ies ( wall decorations by ,puvis de ,*avannes4 ,! ,htel d',aquita9e 7sixte5? c5tury71 9 ! ,gr& ,rue1 0 ! =m] resid5ce ( ! ,priors ( ,/4 ,john ( ,j]usalem4 ,! ,*ronique de ,maillezais tells ( a =m] bi%op ( ,poiti]s :o1 ab\t ! ye> #aaad1 s\ght to excommunicate t gay pr9ce & poet1 ,william1 ! n9? ,c\nt ( ,poiti]s1 ! e>lie/ ( t race ( poets kn[n z ! tr\bad\rs4 ,com+ into ! c\nt's pres5ce to repeat ! =mula ( excommunication1 he 0 ?reat5$ ) ! sword ( t gay pr9ce4 ,?9k+ bett]1 h[ev]1 ! c\nt admoni%$ him ?us3 ,no1 ,i w n4 ,i d n love y well en\gh to s5d y to p>adise4 ,he took ^u himself1 ?\gh1 to ex]cise 8 royal pr]ogative2 & h5ce=?1 = 8 ra% edict1 ! bi%op ( ,poiti]s 0 bani%$ = ev]1 & ! see desc5d$ unto o!r h&s4 ,! g5]ally recogniz$ reputation ( ,william be+ t ( a gr& trompeur des dames1 ?is action 0 b a duty :i* ! hone/ prelate 0 b\nd to p]=m1 disa/r\s ?\gh ! consequ5ces might be4 ,/ill he ?\ght n ( t1 & 0 n will+ to accept palliation = ! c\nt's v5ial s9s 9 ! %ape ( t nobleman's capacities z ! fir/ *ant] ( 8 "t1--poetic measures ( d\btful morality4 ,,vii ,,/4 ,,eti5ne ,,de ,,limoges ,les ,limos9ats leave _! cities poor1 & !y return poor1 aft] long ye>s ( lab\r4 --,,de ,,la ,b,,dolli]e4 ,limoges 0 ! capital ar\nd :i* c5tr$ ! life & activities ( ! pays du ,lim\s9 :5 t l& m>k$ ! limits ( ! doma9 ( ! ,k+s ( ,france4 7,gui5ne !n be+ "u o!r dom9ation47 ,! mo/ anci5t inhabitants ( ! prov9ce 7 kn[n z ,lemovices1 b ! transition & evolution ( ! vocable are easily foll[$ to t borne by ! pres5t city ( ,limoges1 p]haps be/ kn[n ( art lov]s z ! home ( t s*ool ( fifte5? c5tury arti/s :o produc$ ! beautiful works call$ ,emaux de ,limoges4 ,illu/ration3 ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,limoges ,! e>lie/ specim5s ( :at has come to be popul>ly kn[n z ,limoges enamel date f ! twelf? c5tury2 & ! la/ ( ! great ma/]s 9 ! spl5did art di$ 9 #agfe4 ,! real hi/ory ( ?is truly great art1 :i* may be said to h tak5 its highe/ =ms 9 ecclesiology1--( :i* examples are frequ5tly met ) 9 ! sacri/ies ( ! ca!dral *ur*es ( ,france & else:]e--is vague to ! po9t ( obscurity4 ,a /udy ( ! subject1 deep & pr(\nd1 is ! only process by :i* "o c acquire ev5 a nodd+ acqua9tance ) all its v>i\s aspects4 ,x rea*$ its greate/ heights 9 ! reign ( t arti/ic mon>*1 ,franois ,i4 ,to-day ! memory & sugge/ion ( ! art ( ! enameli/s ( ,limoges are p]petuat$ by1 &1 ?r\gh ^? cursory m5tors1 ! guide-books & popul> hi/ories1 (t5 conf\nd$ )1 ! production ( porcela94 ,?is indu/ry n only fl\ri%es "h1 b ! fam\s porcela9 e>? ( ! c\ntry r\nd ab\t is suppli$ ev5 to ! "o-"t royal factory ( ,svres4 ,/4 ,m>tial 0 ! fir/ prelate at ,limoges1 9 ! ?ird c5tury4 ,! diocese is to-day a suffragan ( ,b\rges1 & its ca!dral ( ,/4 ,eti5ne1 :ile n a v anci5t /ructure1 is mo/ int]e/+ z to its /ori$ pa/ & v>i$ & lively composition4 ,b5ea? ! we/]n t[] are ! rema9s ( a ,romanesque portal :i* mu/ h belong$ to an old] *ur*2 b to all int5ts & purposes ,/4 ,eti5ne is to-day a ,go?ic *ur* aft] ! true nor!rn mann]4 ,x 0 begun 9 #abgc "u ! direct influ5ce ( ! impetus giv5 to ! ,go?ic developm5t by ! erection ( ,notre ,dame d',ami5s1 & 9 all its p>ts1--*oir1 transept1 & nave1--its developm5t & gr[? h be5 mo/ pleas+4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( situation ?is ca!dral is m attractively plac$ ?an _m ano!r :i* is locat$ 9 a city :i* p]=ce mu/ be rank$ z a purely comm]cial & manufactur+ t[n4 ,f ! ,pont ,neuf1 :i* crosses ! ,vi5ne1 ! view ov] ! g>d5s ( ! bi%op's palace & ! ,quai de l',ev* is inde$ gr& & impos+4 ,*ronologically ! p>ts ( ?is impos+ *ur* run ne>ly ! gamut ( ! ,go?ic note--f ! *oir ( ! ?irte5?1 ! transepts ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5?1 to ! nave ( ! e>ly sixte5? c5turies4 ,?is nave has only latt]ly be5 complet$1 & is prec$$ by ! elegant octagonal t[] be=e m5tion$4 ,?is clo*] is a ?irte5?-c5tury "w1 & rises some?+ ov] two hundr$ & f\r feet above ! pavem5t4 ,9 ! nor? transept is a gr& rose w9d[ aft] ! true ,fr5* m$ival excell5ce & magnitude1 %[+ once aga9 ! nor!rn _s "u :i* ! ca!dral-build]s ( ,limoges work$4 ,9 reality ! faade ( ?is nor? transept might be call$ ! true front ( ! ca!dral4 ,! design ( its portal is elaborate & elegant4 ,a s]ies ( c>v$ figures 9 /one are set aga9/ ! wall ( ! *oir j beyond ! transept4 ,!y depict ! m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,eti5ne4 ,! int]ior w fir/ ( all be rem>k$ = its abundant & spl5didly col\r$ glass4 ,?is glass is inde$ ( ! quality :i* 9 a lat] day has (t5 be5 lack+4 ,x dates f ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 except a "p1 readily disc]nible1 :i* is ( ! n9ete5?4 ,! rema9s ( a preci\s *oir-scre5 are yet v beautiful4 ,x has be5 remov$ f its orig9al position & its /ones arrang$ 9 mu* disord]4 ,/ill x is a manife/ly satisfy+ example ( ! art ( ! /one-c>v] ( ! ,r5aissance p]iod4 ,x dates f #aedc4 ,bi%op ,langeac 7d4 #aeda71 :o caus$ x to be orig9ally erect$1 is buri$ close by1 b5ea? a contempor>y monum5t4 ,bi%ops ,b]n>d ,brun 7d4 #acdi7 & ,raynaud de la ,porte 7d4 #acbe7 h also ,r5aissance monum5ts :i* w be rem>k$ = _! excess ( ornam5t & elaboration4 ,9 ! crypt ( ! elev5? c5tury1 presumably ! rema9s ( ! ,romanesque *ur* ^: portal is b5ea? ! we/]n t[]1 are "s rem>kable wall pa9t+s ?\ght to be ( a contempor>y era4 ,if s1 !y mu/ rank among ! v e>lie/ works ( _! class4 ,! *ief treasures ( ! ca!dral are a s]ies ( enamels :i* are set into a r]$os 7! canon's alt> 9 ! sacri/y74 ,!y are ! "w ( ! ma/]1 ,noel ,l\d91 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,9 ! ,place de l',htel de ,ville is a monum5tal f\nta9 9 bronze & porcela91 fur!r enri*$ aft] ! mann] ( ! m$ival enamel work]s4 ,! collection de c]amique 9 ! ,muse is unique 9 ,france1 or = t matt] 9 all ! _w4 ,! ateli]s de ,limoges 7 fir/ e/abli%$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury by ! monks ( ! ,abbey ( ,solignac4 ,a rem>kable example ( ! "w ( ! mailleurs lim\s9s is ! twelf?-c5tury reliqu>y ( ,?omas ,becket1 "o-"t ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury4 ,illu/ration3 ,reliqu>y ( ,?omas ,becket ,at ! re> ( ! ca!dral ! ,vi5ne is cross$ by ! ?irte5?-c5tury bridge ( ,/4 ,eti5ne4 ,l ! ca!drals1 *teaux1 & city walls1 ! old bridges ( ,france1 :]e !y /ill rema91 are ma/]works ( _! k9d4 ,to connect !m m closely ) ! cause ( religion1 x is significant t !y mo/ly bore ! "n (1 & 7 d$icat$ to1 "s local sa9t4 ,,viii ,,/4 ,,odilon ,,de ,,/4 ,,fl\r ,?\gh an anci5t ,*ri/ianiz+ c5tre1 ,/4 ,fl\r is n possess$ ( a ca!dral :i* gives x any great rank z a ca!dral t[n4 ,! bi%opric 0 f\nd$ 9 #acah1 by ,raimond de ,veh5s1 & ! pres5t ca!dral ( ,/4 ,odilon is on ! site ( an anci5t basilica4 ,x 0 begun 9 #acge1 d$icat$ 9 #adif1 & f9i%$--s f> z a great *ur* ev] comes to its completion--9 #aeef4 ,its ext]ior is /rong & massive1 b h>moni\s ?r\gh\t4 ,its faade has ?ree portals1 flank$ by two squ>e t[]s1 :i* are capp$ ) mod]n c\ronnes4 ,! int]ior %[s five small naves2 t is1 ! nave prop]1 ) two aisles on ei!r side4 ,beside ! we/]n doorway are some:at scanty traces ( m$ival mural pa9t+s depict+ ,purgatory1 :ile above is ! conv5tionally dispos$ organ buffet4 ,a f9e pa9t+ ( ! late ,fr5* s*ool is 9 "o ( ! side *apels1 & repres5ts an incid5t f ! life ( ,/4 ,v9c5t de ,paul4 ,9 ano!r *apel is a bas-relief 9 /one ( ,! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 reproduc$ f t :i* is yet to be se5 9 ! nor? portal ( ,notre ,dame de ,reims4 ,9 ! *apel ( ,/4 ,an?ony ( ,padua is a pa9t+ ( ! ,holy ,family1 & 9 ano!r--t ( ,/e4 ,anne--a rem>kable "w depict+ ! ,m>tyr$ ,/4 ,symphori5 at ,autun4 ,9 ! l[] ranges ( ! *oir is "s f9e mod]n glass by ,?v5ot1 :ile high above ! second range is a v5]at$ /atue ( ,le ,*ri/ ,noir4 ,f ?is catalogue x w be inf]r$ t ! great attractions ( ! ca!dral at ,/4 ,fl\r are ma9ly ! arti/ic accessories ) :i* x has be5 embelli%$4 ,!re are no rem>kably beautiful or /rik+ con/ructive elem5ts1 ?\gh ! plan is h>dy & n unbeautiful4 ,x ranks among ca!drals well d[n 9 ! second class1 b x is a highly int]e/+ *ur* nev]!less4 ,a *apel 9 ! nave gives entrance to ! eighte5?-c5tury episcopal palace1 :i* is 9 no way notable except = its beautifully laid-out g>d5s & t]races4 ,! sacri/y 0 built 9 #achb ( ! rema9s ( ! anci5t ,*teau de ,/4 ,fl\r1 call$ ,de ,brezons1 :i* 0 itself orig9ally built 9 ! ye> #ajjj4 ,,ix ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,,de ,,sa9tes ,! *ief ar*itectural feature ( ?is anci5t t[n--! ,m$iolanum ,santonum1 *ief t[n ( ! ,santoni--is n its r un9spir+ ca!dral 7rebuilt 9 #aehe71 nor yet ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,eutrope 7#ajha--if7 ) its und]gr\nd crypt--! l>ge/ 9 ,france4 ,z a hi/orical monum5t ( rank f> m int]e/ c5tres ar\nd ! ,arc de ,triomphe ( ,g]manicus1 :i* orig9ally =m$ a "p ( ! bridge :i* spans ! ,*>5te at ?is po9t4 ,x 0 erect$ 9 ! reign ( ,n]o by ,caius ,julius ,rufus1 a prie/ ( ,roma & ,augu/us1 9 memory ( ,g]manicus1 ,tib]ius1 8 uncle1 & 8 fa!r1 ,drusus4 ,! bridge itself1 or :at 0 left ( x1 0 raz$ 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 :i* is ( c\rse to be regrett$4 ,a monum5t :i* c\ld h endur$ a matt] ( eighte5 hundr$ ye>s might well h be5 left alone to takes its fur!r *ances ) ,fa!r ,"t4 ,s9ce !n ! bridge has be5 rebuilt on its =m] site1 a proc$ure :i* makes ! hiatus & ! false position ( ! ar* ! m app>5t4 ,! cloi/] ( ! ca!dral1 9 spite ( ! ana*ronism1 is 9 ! e>ly ,go?ic mann]1 & ! campanile is ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,sa9tes became a bi%opric1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,bordeaux1 9 ! ?ird c5tury4 ,/4 ,eutrope--^: "n is p]petuat$ 9 a f9e ,romanesque *ur* ( ! city--0 ! fir/ bi%op4 ,! ye> #agic saw ! suppression ( ! diocesan seat "h1 9 fav\r ( ,ang\lme4 ,9 ! ma91 ! edifice is ( a late date1 9 t x 0 entirely rebuilt 9 ! latt] ye>s ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 aft] hav+ suff]$ practical deva/ation 9 ! religi\s w>s ( t "t4 ,! fir/ m5tion ( a ca!dral *ur* "h is ( a /ructure :i* took =m 9 #aaag--! prog5itor ( ! pres5t edifice4 ,su* consid]able repairs z 7 necess>y 7 und]tak5 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 b ! *ur* se5 to-day is almo/ entirely ( ! c5tury foll[+4 ,! mo/ rem>kable feature ( note1 9 connection ) ?is ci-devant ca!dral1 is unque/ionably ! luxuri\s flamboyant t[] ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,?is really f9e t[] is deta*$ f ! ma9 /ructure & occupies ! site ( ! *ur* erect$ by ,*>lemagne 9 fulfilm5t ( 8 v[ to ,pep91 8 fa!r1 aft] defeat+ ,gaiffre1 ,duc d',aquita9e4 ,9 ! int]ior two ( ! bays ( ! transepts--:i* w be readily not$--date f ! twelf? c5tury1 :ile ! nave is ( ! fifte5?1 & ! vault+ ( nave & *oir--h>dy & /rong 9 e detail--is1 9 "p1 z late z ! mid-eighte5? c5tury4 ,! glise de ,/4 ,eutrope1 be=e m5tion$1 is *iefly ( ! twelf? c5tury1 ?\gh its crypt1 reput$ly ! l>ge/ 9 all ,france1 is ( a c5tury e>li]4 ,sa9tes is r5[n$ to lov]s ( c]amics z be+ ! bir?place ( ,b]n>d ,pallisy1 ! inv5tor ( ! pott]y glaze2 & is ! sc5e ( _m ( 8 e>ly exp]im5ts4 ,a /atue to 8 memory adorns ! ,place ,bassompi]re ne> ! ,arc de ,triomphe4 ,x ,,ca?,,drale ,,de ,,tulle ,! *>m ( ,tulle's ca!dral is 9 its impos+ & dom9ant "*1 r ?an 9 any inh]5t grace or beauty :i* x possesses4 ,x is n a beautiful /ructure2 x is n ev5 picturesquely dispos$2 x is grim & gaunt1 & consi/s m]ely ( a nave 9 ! sev]e ,romanesque-,transition mann]1 surm\nt$ by a lat] & non-contempor>y t[] & spire4 ,9 spite ( ?is x looms l>ge f e view-po9t 9 ! t[n1 & is s lively a compon5t ( ! busy life :i* surr\nds x t x is--9 spite ( its sev]ity ( outl9e--a v appeal+ *ur* edifice 9 m s5ses ?an "o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ca?,,drale de ,,tulle4444 ,its tall1 f9ely-proportion$ t[] & spire1 :i* inde$ is ! *ief attribute ( grace & symmetry1 is ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 &1 ?\gh pla9 & primitive 9 its outl9es1 is f> m pleas+ ?an ! crocket$ & rococo details :i* 9 a lat] day 7 compos$ into some?+ :i* 0 ?\ght to be a spire4 ,9 ! e>lie/ days ( its hi/ory1 ?is r b>e & cold *ur* 0 a ,b5$ict9e mona/]y ^: primitive *ur* dat$ z f> back z ! sev5? c5tury4 ,!re are yet rema9s ( a cloi/] :i* may h belong$ to ! e>ly *ur* ( ?is mona/ic h\se1 & z su* is highly int]e/+1 & )al pleas+4 ,! bi%opric 0 f\nd$ 9 #acag by ,arnaud de ,/4 ,a/i]4 ,! ,revolution caus$ mu* deva/ation "h 9 ! prec9cts ( ?is ca!dral1 :i* 0 fir/ /ripp$ ( its trsor1 & f9ally ( its dignity1 :5 ! see 0 aboli%$4 ,,xi ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,d',,ang\l,,me ,ang\lme is (t5 fir/ call$ to m9d by its fam\s or notori\s ,du*esse1 ^: fame is locally p]petuat$ by a n v suitable column1 erect$ 9 ! ,prom5ade ,beaulieu 9 #ahae4 ,!re is c]ta9ly a weal? ( romance to be conjur$ up f ! recollection ( ! fam\s ,c\nts ( ,ang\lme & _! adh]5ts1 :o made _! resid5ce 9 ! anci5t *teau :i* to-day =ms 9 "p ! ,htel de ,ville1 & 9 "p ! prison4 ,"h 9 ?is *teau 0 born ,m>gu]ite de ,valois1 ! ,m>gu]ite ( ,m>gu]ites1 z ,franois ,i4 call$ h]2 "h took welcome %elt]1 ,m>ie de ,m$ici aft] h] husb&'s assass9ation2 & "h1 too1 mu* m ( :i* hi/ory tells4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,pi]re 444 a' ,,ang\l,,me ,:at mo/ hi/ories d n tell is t ! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,pi]re d',ang\lme1 ) ! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,front at ,prigueux & ,notre ,dame de ,poiti]s1 ranks at ! v head ( t magnific5t ar*itectural /yle kn[n z ,aquitanian4 ,/4 ,ansone 0 ! fir/ bi%op ( ! diocese--9 ! ?ird c5tury4 ,! see 0 !n1 z n[1 a suffragan ( ,bordeaux4 ,religi\s w>s1 "h z ?r\gh\t ,aquita9e1 7 responsible = a great unre/ among ! p1 z well z ! sacrilege & desecration ( *ur* prop]ty4 ,! mo/ m>k$ spoliation 0 at ! h&s ( ! ,prote/ant ,coligny1 ! effects ( ^: sixte5?-c5tury ravages are yet visible 9 ! ca!dral4 ,a monk--,mi*el ,grillet--0 hung to a mulb]ry-tree1--:i* /ood :]e n[ is ! ,place du ,muri] 7mulb]ry71--by ,coligny1 :o 0 revil$ ?us 9 ! angry dy+ words ( ! monk3 ,y %all be ?r[n out ( ! w9d[ l ,jezebel1 & %all be ignom9i\sly dragg$ ?r\gh ! /reets4 ,?is prophecy did n come true1 b ,coligny di$ an +lori\s dea? 9 #aegb1 at ! in/igation ( ! ,duc de ,guise4 ,?is ca!dral ranks z "o ( ! mo/ curi\s 9 ,france1 &1 ) its ali5 plan & details1 has ev] be5 ! object ( ! pr(\nd admiration ( all :o h /udi$ its v>i$ aspects4 ,ma9ly x is a twelf?-c5tury edifice ?r\gh\t1 9 spite ( ! ext5sive re/orations ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 :i* h eradicat$ _m crudities t might bett] h be5 all[$ to rema94 ,x is rank$ by ! ,m9i/re des ,beaux ,arts z a ,monum5t ,hi/orique4 ,! we/ front1 9 spite ( ! depr$ations be=e1 dur+1 & aft] ! ,revolution1 is notable = its ris+ ti]s ( r\nd-head$ ar*es seat$ firmly on proportionate ?\gh n gross columns1 its /atu$ ni*es1 ! ri* bas-reliefs ( ! tympanum ( its portal1 ! exquisite arabesques1 ( l9tel1 frieze1 & ar*ivolt1 &1 above all1 its l>ge c5tral ar* ) ,vesica piscis1 & ! add$ decorations ( emblems ( ! evangels & angels4 ,9 addition to all ?is1 :i* =ms a gall]y ( arti/ic details 9 itself1 ! g5]al disposition ( p>ts is luxuri\s & rem>kable4 ,z a :ole1 ,/4 ,pi]re is commonly cr$it$ z possess+ ! f9e/ ,lomb>d detail to be f\nd 9 ! nor?2 "s say outside ( ,italy4 ,c]ta9ly x is prodigi\s 9 its spl5d\r1 :atev] may be "o's pr$ilections = or aga9/ ! expression ( its art4 ,! *ur* foll[s 9 g5]al plan ! same di/9ctive /yle4 ,its t[]1 too1 is ,lomb>d1 likewise ! r\nd$ apside1 &--?\gh ! *ur* is ( ! elongat$ ,lat9 or cruci=m gr\nd-plan--its possession ( a great c5tral dome 7) ?ree o!rs above ! nave--& )al aisleless7 po9ts c]ta9ly to ! great dom$ *ur*es ( ! ,lomb>d pla9 = its ance/ry4 ,! we/]n dome is ( ! elev5? c5tury1 ! o!rs ( ! twelf?4 ,its primitiv5ess has be5 m or less di/ort$ by lat] additions1 made necess>y by deva/ation 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 b x ranks to-day1 ) ,/4 ,front at ,prigueux1 z ! lead+ example ( ! /yle kn[n z ,aquitanian4 ,above ! we/]n portal is a great w9d[1 v tall & %[+ 9 its glass a ,la/ ,judgm5t4 ,a sup]b t[] ends (f ! croisillon on ! nor? & rises to ! height ( "o hundr$ & n9ety-sev5 feet4 ,next to ! we/ front & ! dom$ ro(+ ( ! int]ior1 ?is t[] ranks z ! ?ird mo/ curi\s & rem>kable feature ( ?is unusual *ur*4 ,?is t[]1 9 spite ( its appeal+ prop]ties1 is curi\sly en\gh n ! orig9al to :i* ! previ\s descriptive l9es appli$2 b _! e*o may be he>d to-day ) respect to ! pres5t t[]1 :i* is a recon/ruction1 ( ! same mat]ials1 & aft] ! same mann]1 s f> z possible1 z ! orig9al4 ,z ! mo/ notable & peculi> details ( ! int]ior1 w be rem>k$ ! cupolas ( ! ro(1 & ! lant]n at ! cross+1 :i* is pi]c$ by twelve w9d[s4 ,= %e] beauty1 & its utile purpose z well1 ?is great lan?orn is fur!r not$ z be+ mo/ unusual 9 ei!r ! ,romanesque or ,go?ic *ur*es ( ,france4 ,! *oir is apse-end$ & is surr\nd$ by f\r *apels ( no great prom95ce or beauty4 ,! s\? transept has a t\r 9 embryo1 :i*1 _h x be5 complet$1 w\ld d\btless h be5 ! tw9 ( t :i* t]m9ates ! transept on ! nor?4 ,! f\ndations ( ! episcopal resid5ce1 :i* is imm$iately beside ! ca!dral 7re/or$ 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury71 are v anci5t4 ,9 its g>d5 /&s a colossal /atue to ,comte ,jean1 ! fa!r ( ,franois ,i4 ,ang\lme 0 ! resid5ce ( ! ,black ,pr9ce aft] ! battle ( ,poiti]s1 ?\gh no record rema9s z to :]e he may h lodg$4 ,a h\se 9 ! ,rue de ,g5ve has be5 s+l$ out 9 ! pa/ z be+ :]e ,john ,calv9 liv$ 9 #aecc1 b x is n recognizable to-day4 ,,xii ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,m\l9s ,les ,b\rbonnais sont aimables1 mais va9s1 lg]s et facilem5t oublieux1 avec ri5 d'excessif1 ri5 d'exubrance dans leur nature4 --,,&r ,,roll&4 ,until he _h travell$ ?r\gh ,b\rbonnais1 ! sweete/ "p ( ,france--9 ! hey-day ( ! v9tage1 said ,/]ne1 ,i nev] felt ! di/ress ( pl5ty4 ,?is is an appropriate en\gh obs]vation to h be5 promulgat$ by a latt]-day travell]4 ,"h ! abundance :i* app>5tly p\rs =? = e "o's b5efit kn[s no dim9ution "o season f ano!r4 ,"o %\ld n all[ 8 p5 to ramble to too great an ext5t 9 ?is ve91 or he w soon say ) ,/]ne3 ,j ,heav56 x w fill up tw5ty volumes1--& alas1 !re are b a few small pages6 ,illu/ration3 ,,notre ,,dame de ,,m\l9s ,x suffices1 !n1 to reit]ate1 t 9 ?is pl5te\s l& ( mid-,france !re is1 = all classes ( man & bea/1 an abundance & excell5ce ( ! h>ve/ ( ! soil :i* makes = a fondness to l+] long )9 ! conf9es ( ?is region4 ,?us did ! f>-see+ ,b\rbons1 :o1 ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry :i* yet is call$ ( !m1 set up _m magnific5t e/abli%m5ts & ensconc$ !mselves & _! reta9]s among ! com=ts ( ?is _w to a f> great] degree ?an _m o!r rul+ h\ses ( m$ival times4 ,p]haps none ( ! great names1 among ! long li/s ( lords1 dukes1 & k+s1 ^: l&s aft]w>d came to make ! solid>ity ( ! all-embrac+ mon>*y1 c\ld be accus$ ( curtail+ ! weal? ( p[] & goods :i* conque/ or blood%$ c\ld secure or save = !m4 ,! p[] ( ! ,b\rbons endur$1 l ! ,engli% ,tudors1 b a c5tury & a half beyond ! p]iod ( its supremacy2 :5ce1 f its maturity onw>d1 x rott$ & 0 outroot$ bodily4 ,! lit]ature ( ,m\l9s1 = ! ,engli% read+ & speak+ _w1 appe>s to be an inconsid]able quantity4 ,c]ta9 romances h be5 wov5 ab\t ! ducal *teau1 & yet o!rs conc]n+ ! all-p[]ful ,montmor5cies1 besides mu* hi/ory1 :i* p>takes g5]\sly ( ! compon5ts ( lit]>y expression4 ,9 ! c\ntry r\nd ab\t--if ! travell] has come by road1 or = t matt] by tra9 omnibus--if he w b keep 8 eyes op51 he w h no difficulty 9 recogniz+ ?is picture3 ,a little f>mh\se1 surr\nd$ ) ab\t tw5ty acres ( v9ey>d1 & ab\t z mu* corn--& close to ! h\se1 on "o side1 a potag]ie ( an acre & a half1 full ( ev]y?+ :i* c\ld make pl5ty 9 a ,fr5* peasant's h\se--& on ! o!r side a little wood1 :i* furni%$ :]e)al to dress x4 ,to cont9ue1 c\ld "o b see into t h\se1 ! picture w\ld 9 no small degree diff] f ?is3 ,a family consi/+ ( an old1 gray-head$ man & 8 wife1 ) five or six sons & sons-9-law1 & _! sev]al wives1 & a joy\s g5ealogy out ( !m 444 all sitt+ d[n toge!r to _! l5til s\p2 a l>ge :eat5 loaf 9 ! middle ( ! table2 & a flagon ( w9e at ea* end ( x1 & promis$ joy ?r\gh\t ! v>i\s /ages ( ! repa/4 ,:]e 9 any o!r ?an ?is l& ( pl5ty1 = ! peasant & prosp]\s alike1 c\ld su* a picture be drawn ( ! pl5itude :i* surr\nds ! home life ( a son ( ! soil & 8 ne>e/ k98 ,su* an equipm5t ( com=t & joy n only makes = a cont9u\s & placid cont5tm5t1 b = "* & ambition2 9 spite ( all t h>um-sc>um ,j]emiahs may proclaim out ( _! little k & less sympa?y ) o!r affairs ?an _! own4 ,no individualism is proclaim$1 b x is intimat$1 & ! read] may apply ! obs]vation :]ev] he may ?9k x belongs4 ,m\l9s is ! capital ( ! ,b\rbonnais--! "n giv5 to ! prov9ce & ! p alike4 ,! d]ivation ( ! ^w ,b\rbon is m leg5d>y ?an hi/orical1 if "o is to give any weight to ! discov]y ( a tablet at ,b\rbonne-les-,ba9s1 9 #ahcj1 :i* bore ! foll[+ d$ication3 ,,deo1 ,,apol ,,l9i ,,borvoni ,,et ,,damonae ,c ,,dam9ius ,,f]ox ,,civis ,,l+onus ,,ex ,,voto ,its lat] application to ! l& :i* %elt]$ ! race is elucidat$ by a ,fr5* writ]1 ?us3 ,consid]+ t ! names ( all ! cities & t[ns kn[n z des s\rces d'eaux !rmales comm5ce ) ei!r ! prefix ,b\r or ,bor1 indicates a common orig9 ( ! ^w 444 f ! "n ( ! div9ity :i* protects ! wat]s4 ,?is is s plausible & picturesque a conjecture t x w\ld seem to be true4 ,ar*ologi/s h s+l$ out f among ! mo/ beautiful *apelles seigneuriales ! "o =m]ly conta9$ 9 ! ducal palace ( ! ,b\rbons at ,m\l9s4 ,?is =m$1 ( c\rse1 a "p ( t gaunt1 "t-worn fabric :i* faces ! we/]ly end ( ! ca!dral4 ,little !re is to-day to sugge/ ?is spl5d\r1 & = su* "o has to look to ^? examples yet to be se5 at ,*ambord or ,*5onceaux1 or t ( ! ,maison de ,jacques ,coeur at ,b\rges1 ) :i*1 9 its =m] /ate1 ?is private *apel ( ! ,b\rbons 0 a contempor>y4 ,! o!r *ief attraction ( ,m\l9s is ! !atrical ,mausole de ,h5ri de ,montmor5cy1 a sev5te5?-c5tury "w :i* is c]ta9ly gorge\s & spl5did 9 its magnific5ce1 if n 9 its /hetic value z an art treasure4 ,! fre%1 mod]n-look+ ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame de ,m\l9s is a m anci5t "w ?an x really looks1 ?\gh 9 its complet$ =m x dates only f ! late n9ete5? c5tury1 :5 ! indefatigable ,viollet-le-,duc erect$ ! f9e tw9 t[]s & complet$ ! we/]n front4 ,! :ole effect ( ?is fre%-look+ edifice is ( a c]ta9 elegance1 ?\gh 9 reality ( no great luxuri\sness4 ,! portal is deep b unornam5t$1 & ! rose w9d[ above is ( g5]\s design1 ?\gh n actually s great 9 size z at fir/ appe>s4 ,tak5 t\t ensemble ?is we/ front--( mod]n design & workman%ip--is f> m expressive ( ! excell5t & true proportions ( ! m$ival work]s ?an is usually ! case4 ,! spires are l(ty 7#cab feet7 & are decid$ly ! mo/ beautiful feature ( ! entire design4 ,! *oir1 ! m anci5t portion 7#adfe-aejg71 exp&s into a m ample wid? ?an ! nave & has a curi\sly squ>$-(f t]m9ation :i* w\ld h>dly be describ$ z an apside1 ?\gh ! effect is circul> :5 view$ f )94 ,! *oir1 too1 rises to a great] height ?an ! nave1 &1 ?\gh !re is no v great discrepancy 9 /yle betwe5 ! ea/]ly & we/]ly ends1 ! l9e ( dem>cation is readily plac$4 ,! squ>e flank+ *apels ( ! *oir s]ve to give an ampl5ess to ! ambulatory :i* is unusual1 & 9 ! ext]ior pres5t aga9 a mo/ int]e/+ arrangem5t & effect4 ,! ca!dral gives on ! we/ on ! ,place du ,*teau1 ) ! b>e1 brok5 wall ( ! ducal *teau imm$iately en face1 & ! ,g5d>m]ie1 :i* occupies a mo/ int]e/+ly picturesque ,r5aissance build+1 is imm$iately to ! "r4 ,! int]ior arrangem5ts ( ?is brilliant ca!dral *ur* are q z pleas+ & true z ! ext]ior4 ,!re is no pov]ty 9 design or decoration1 & no ov]develop$ luxuriance1 except = ! accid5ce ( ! ,r5aissance t5d5cies ( its "t4 ,!re is no flagrant (f5ce committ$1 h[ev]1 & ! ambulatory ( ! *oir & its que] ov]hang+ gall]y at ! re> ( ! alt> are ! only unusual features f ! conv5tional decorat$ ,go?ic plan2 if we except ! balda*9o :i* cov]s ! alt>-table1 & :i* is actually hide\s 9 its enormity4 ,! bi%op's ?rone1 curi\sly en\gh1--?\gh ! cu/om is1 x appe>s1 v1 v old1--is plac$ beh9d ! high-alt>4 ,! tri=ium & cl]e/ory ( ! *oir h gracefully height5$ ar*es support$ by graceful pill>s1 :i* give an effect ( exce$+ lightness4 ,9 ! nave ! tri=ium is omitt$1 & ! cl]e/ory only ov]tops ! pill>s ( nave & aisles4 ,! transepts are n ( great proportions1 b are n 9 any way att5uat$4 ,"u ! high-alt> is a ,holy ,sepul*re ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :i* is p5etrat$ by an op5+ :i* gives on ! ambulatory ( ! *oir4 ,!re is a b\ntiful display ( col\r$ glass ( ! ,r5aissance p]iod1 &1 9 ! sacri/y1 a tripty* attribut$ to ,ghirl&ajo4 ,!re are no o!r arti/ic accessories ( note1 & ! ca!dral dep5ds1 9 ! ma91 = its satisfy+ qualities 9 its g5]al complet5ess & consi/5cy4 ,,xiii ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,le ,,puy ,"u ! sun ( ! ,midi ,i h se5 ! ,pyr5ees & ! ,alps1 cr[n$ 9 rose & silv]1 b ,i be/ love ,auv]gne & its b$ ( gorse4 --,,pi]re ,,de ,,nolhac4 ,le ,puy has be5 call$--by a disc]n+ travell]--& rightly en\gh1 too1 9 ! op9ion ( mo/ p]sons--! mo/ picturesque spot 9 ! _w4 ,:e!r e visitor !reto w endorse ?is unqualifi$ly dep5ds some:at on 8 view-po9t1 & /ill m on 8 ability to discrim9ate4 ,le ,puy c]ta9ly possesses an unp>allel$ array ( :at may z well be call$ r>e attractions4 ,^! are prim>ily ! topographical1 ar*itectural1 &1 fir/1 la/1 & all times1 picturesque elem5ts :i* only a bl9d man c\ld fail to diagnose z some?+ unique & n to be se5 else:]e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,notre ,,dame de ,,le ,,puy4 ,9 ! fir/ category are ! extraord9>y p9nacles ( volcanic rock ) :i* ! :ole surr\nd+ l&scape is peopl$2 9 ! second1 ! city's gr& ar*itectural monum5ts1 ca!drals1 *ur*es1 mona/]y & ! *teau ( ,polignac2 :ile ?irdly1 ! :ole aspect is irritat+ly picturesque to ! lov] ( topographical *>m & feature4 ,"h ! situation ( ! city itself1 9 a bas9 ( surr\nd+ peaks1 its sky-pi]c+1 turret$ rocks1 & ! g5]al effect produc$ by its ar*itectural features all comb9e to pres5t emotions :i* a l>ge catalogue 7 necess>y to def9e4 ,moreov]1 ,le ,puy is ! gateway to a hi!rto almo/ unkn[n region to ! ,engli%-speak+ t\ri/4 ,at lea/ x w\ld h be5 unkn[n b = ! eulogy giv5 x by ! w&]+ ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son1 :o1 9 8 ,travels ) a ,donkey1 7n ,on a ,donkey1--m>k ! di/9ction71 has made ! ,cev5nes kn[n1 at lea/ z a nodd+ acqua9tance1 to--well1 a great _m :o w\ld nev] h consci\sly realiz$ t !re 0 su* a place4 ,le ,puy is fur!rmore z yet unspoil$ by ! conduct$ t\ri/1 & lives ! same life t x has = _m g5]ations4 ,electric trams h come to be sure1 & c]ta9 improvem5ts 9 ! way ( b\lev>ds & squ>es h be5 laid out1 b1 9 ! ma91 ! n>r[1 tortu\s /reets :i* asc5d to its ca!dral-cr[n$ height are mu* z !y always 72 & ! native pays little he$ to ! visitor1 ( :i* class n _m ev] come to ! city--p]haps = ! reason t ,le ,puy is n s v accessible by rail4 ,bo? by ! l9e :i* desc5ds ! ,rhne valley & its p>allel l9e f ,p>is to ,nmes1 "o has to bran* (f1 & is b\nd to lose f ?ree to six h\rs--or m1 at "s po9t or o!r1 mak+ connections4 ,?is is z x %\ld be--9 spite ( ! app>5t retrogression4 ,:5 "o really does get to ,le ,puy no?+ %\ld satisfy him b to foll[ ! trail ( ,/ev5son's donkey into ! he>t ( ! ,cev5nes1 t wond]ful c\ntry :i* lies to ! s\?w>d1 & see & "k = himself "s ( ! ?+s :i* t delectable au?or set =? 9 ! record ( 8 travels4 ,mona/i]1 ,le ,*eyl>d1 ,la ,ba/ide1 ,notre ,dame des ,neiges1 ,mont ,mz5ac1 & _m m delightful places are1 s f> z p]sonal k goes1 a seal$ book to mo/ folk2 & aft] "o has visit$ !m = himself1 he may re/ assur$ !y w /ill rema9 a seal$ book to ! mass4 ,! ecclesia/ical treasures ( ,le ,puy are fir/ & =emo/ c5tr$ ar\nd its wond]ful1 ?\gh biz>re1 ,romanesque ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame4 ,"s h said t ?is ca!dral *ur* dates f ! fif? c5tury4 ,possibly ?is is s1 b assur$ly !re is no au?ority :i* makes a /atem5t :i* is at all conv9c+ conc]n+ any "w e>li] ?an ! t5? c5tury4 ,le ,puy's fir/ bi%op 0 ,/4 ,georges1--9 ! ?ird c5tury1--at :i* "t1 z n[1 ! diocese 0 a suffragan ( ,b\rges4 ,! ca!dral itself is p]*$ on a hilltop beh9d :i* rises an a/oni%+ crag or p9nacle1--! ro*] ,corneille1 :i*1 9 turn1 is surm\nt$ by a mod]n colossal bronze figure1 commonly call$ ,notre ,dame de ,france4 ,! native w tell y t x is call$ ! ,virg9 ( ,le ,puy4 ,due all[ance = local pride d\btless acc\nts = ?is4 ,its height is fifty feet1 & :ile a/oni%+ly impressive 9 _m ways1 is1 z a "w ( art1 )\t beauty 9 itself4 ,illu/ration3 ,le ,puy ,!re is a sort ( subt]ranean or crypt-l /ructure1 b5ea? ! we/]ly end ( ! ca!dral1 caus$ by ! extreme slope ( ! rock ^u :i* ! *oir end is plac$4 ,"o ent]s by a /airway ( sixty /eps1 :i* is b5ea? ! p>ti-col\r$ faade ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,x is v /rik+ & mu/ be a unique approa* to a ca!dral2 ! entrance "h be+ two /ories bel[ t ( ! pavem5t ( nave & *oir4 ,?is por* ( ?ree r\nd-ar*$ naves is :olly unusual4 ,entrance to ! ma9 body ( ! *ur* is f9ally ga9$ ?r\gh ! transept4 ,! :ole /ructure is curi\sly kaleidoscopic1 ) blacki% & d>k br[n t9ts pr$om9at+1 b alt]nat+--9 ! we/ faade1 :i* has be5 re/or$ 9 rec5t times--) b&s ( a light] & aga9 a d>k] /one4 ,x has be5 call$ by a c]ta9 r$-rob$ m5tor ( travel-lore an unga9ly1 v5]able1 b s+ul> edifice3 q a non-committal e/imate1 & "o :i*1 l mo/ ( its fell[s1 is worse ?an a sl&]4 ,x is mo/ usually conc$$ by ,fr5* au?orities--:o might naturally be suppos$ to "k _! subject--t x is v ne>ly ! mo/ g5u9ely int]e/+ exposition ( a local mann] ( *ur*-build+ extant2 & z su* ! ca!dral at ,le ,puy m]its great consid]ation4 ,! *oir is ! olde/ portion1 & is probably n ( lat] date ?an ! t5? c5tury4 ,! glass !re9 is mod]n4 ,x has a possession1 a miracul\s virg91--^: pr$ecessor 0 de/roy$ 9 ! fury ( ! ,revolution1--:i* is suppos$ to "w wond]s ^u ^? :o be/[ an appropriate votive (f]+4 ,to ! =m] %r9e came _m pilgrims1 numb]+ among !m1 x is said r indef9itely & d\btfully1 sev]al popes & ! foll[+ k+s3 ,l\is ,,vii41 ,philippe-,augu/e1 ,philippe-le-,h>di1 ,*>les ,,vi41 ,*>les ,,vii41 ,l\is ,,xi41 & ,*>les ,,viii4 ,to-day1 z if d\btful ( ! %r9e's efficacy1 ! pilgrims are few 9 numb] & mo/ly ( ! peasant class4 ,! bays ( ! nave are divid$ by r\nd-head$ ar*es1 b connect$ ) ! oppos+ bay by ! ogival v>iety4 ,! transepts h apsidal t]m9ations1 z is mu* m frequ5t s\? ( ! ,loire ?an 9 ! nor? ( ,france1 b /ill ( suffici5t novelty to be rem>k$ "h4 ,! ea/ end is rectangul>--:i* is really a v unusual attribute 9 any "p ( ,france1 only two examples else:]e /&+ out prom95tly--! ca!drals at ,laon & ,dol-de-,bretagne4 ,! cloi/] ( ,notre ,dame1 small & simple ?\gh x be1 is ( a s+ul> *>m & tranquillity4 ,) ! t[] or cupola ( ?is ca!dral ! ar*itects ( ,auv]gne a*iev$ a result v ne> ! p]fectionnem5t ( its /yle4 ,l all ( ! old-"t clo*]s erect$ 9 ?is prov9ce--ant]ior to ,go?ic--x pres5ts a great analogy to ,byzant9e orig91 ?\gh1 9 a way1 n q l x ei!r4 ,/ill ! effect ( columns & pill>s1 9 bo? ! int]ior con/ruction & ext]ior decoration ( ^! f9e t[]s1 =ms some?+ :i* sugge/s1 at lea/1 a developm5t ( an ideal :i* be>s little1 or no1 relation to ! _m v>ieties ( campanile1 beffroi1 t\r or clo*] se5 else:]e 9 ,france4 ,! spire1 z we "k x else:]e1 a dom9ant pyramidal t]m9ation1 ! love ( :i* ,mi/ral has said is ! f\ndation ( patriotism1 is 9 ?is region almo/ entirely want+2 %[+ t ! influ5ce1 f :atev] x may h sprung1 0 no copy ( any?+ :i* _h gone be=e1 nor ev5 ! sugge/ion ( a t5d5cy or influ5ce t[>d ! po9t$ ,go?ic1 or nor!rn /yle4 ,!re=e ! t[]s1 l mo/ o!r features ( ?is /yle1 are di/9ctly ( ! l& ( its environm5t--,auv]gnian4 ,?is w call to m9d1 to ! ,am]ican1 ! fact t ,tr9ity ,*ur* 9 ,bo/on is manife/ly ! mo/ di/9ctive application1 9 =eign l&s1 ( ! =m & features ( ! mann] ( *ur*-build+ ( ! ,auv]gne4 ,p>ticul>ly is ?is to be not$ by view+ ! *oir ext]ior ) its inlaid or geometrically plann$ /onework3 a feature :i* is ,romanesque if we g back f> en\gh1 b :i* is di/9ctly ,auv]gnian 9 its m$ival use4 ,= %e] novelty1 be=e ev5 ! t[]+ bronze /atue ( ! ,virg91 :i* ov]tops ! ca!dral1 mu/ be plac$ t o!r ne$le-l basaltic em95ce :i* is cr[n$ by a t9y *apel d$icat$ to ,/4 ,mi*el4 ,?is aiguille1 z x is locally kn[n1 rises some?+ ov] two hundr$ & fifty feet f ! riv]-b$ at its base2 l a %>p cone1 dw9dl+ f a diamet] ( p]haps five hundr$ feet at its base to a scant fifty at its apex4 ,/4 ,mi*el has always _h a sort ( ve/$ proprietor%ip 9 su* p9nacles z ?is1 & ?is t9y *apel 9 8 hon\r 0 ! erection ( a prelate ( ! diocese ( ,le ,puy 9 ! t5? c5tury4 ,! *apel is ,romanesque1 octagonal1 & mo/ curi\s2 ) its isolat$ situation1--only rea*$ by a flight ( _m /eps cut 9 ! rock1--& its tesselat$ /one pavem5ts1 its mosaic 9 basalt ( ! portal1 & its few curi\s sculptures 9 /one4 ,z a place ( pilgrimage = a tw5tie?-c5tury t\ri/ x is mu* m appeal+ ?an ! ,virg9-cr[n$ ro*] ,corneille2 ea* w anticipate no inconsid]able am\nt ( physical lab\r1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is ! true pilgrim _s4 ,! *teau ( ,polignac compels att5tion1 & x is n s v =eign to *ur* affairs aft] all2 ! h\se ( ! "n gave to ! c\rt ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 a c>d9al4 ,to-day ?is "o-"t feudal /ronghold is b a m]e ru94 ,! ,revolution f9i%$ x1 z did t fury _m ano!r ar*itectural glory ( ,france4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,black ,virg91 ,le ,puy ,,xiv ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,cl]mont-,,f]r& ,cl]mont-,f]r& is ! hub f :i* radiates 9 ! season1--f ,april to ,octob]1--& 9 all directions1 ! g5u9e ,fr5* t\ri/e4 ,he is a rem>kable species ( travell]1 & he apportions to himself ! be/ places 9 ! *>- bancs & ! mo/ conv5i5t seats at table d'hte ) a discrim9ation t is p]fection4 ,he is n mu* int]e/$ 9 ca!drals1 or inde$ 9 ! tw9 city ( ,cl]mont-,f]r& itself1 b r 8 *oice lies 9 fav\r ( ,mont ,dor1 ,puy de ,dme1 ,royat1 ,/4 ,nectaire1 or a doz5 o!r allur+ t\ri/ resorts 9 :i* ! neighb\r+ volcanic region ab\nds4 ,by reason ( ?is--except = its hotels & cafs--,cl]mont-,f]r& is ju/ly entitl$ to rank z "o ( ! mo/ anci5t & important c5tres ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,france4 ,illu/ration3 ,,notre ,,dame de ,,cl]mont-,,f]r& ,its ca!dral is n ( ! local mann] ( build+3 x is ( manife/ ,norman example4 ,b ! glise ,notre ,dame du ,port is ,auv]gnian ( ! mo/ pr(\nd type1 & )al1 p]haps m appeal+ ?an ! ca!dral itself4 ,fur!rmore ! impulse ( ! fam\s crusades fir/ took =m "h "u ! f]v5t appeal ( ,urban ,,ii41 :o 0 9 ! city at ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,*ur* held 9 #ajie4 ,altoge!r ! "p play$ by ?is city ( mid-,france 9 ! affairs ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? 0 n only great1 b mo/ important & f>-rea*+ 9 its effect4 ,9 its ca!dral are f\nd to a v consid]able ext5t ^? ess5tials to ! realization ( ! pure ,go?ic /yle1 :i* ev5 ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,wr5 confess$ 8 inability to fully compreh5d4 ,x is a pleasant relief1 & a likewise pleasant rem9d] ( ! some:at elaborate glories ( ! ,isle ( ,france1 to come ^u an edifice :i* at lea/ pres5ts a semblance to ! symmetrical po9t$ ,go?ic ( ! nor?4 ,! m s 9 t x is surr\nd$ by ,romanesque & local types :i* are pe]s among _! class4 ,truly en\gh x is t su* *ur*es z ,notre ,dame du ,port1 ! ca!dral at ,le ,puy1 & ! spl5did s]ies ( ,romanesque *ur*es at ,poiti]s are z int]e/+ & z wor?y ( /udy z ! respl5d5t mod]n ,go?ic4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! transition to ! bas5ess ( ! ,r5aissance1--)\t ! int]v5tion ( ! po9t$ /yle1--:ile n s m>k$ "h z else:]e1 is yet ev5 m pa9fully impress$ ^u "o4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ! ,romanesque /yle1 :i* 0 manife/ly a good /yle1 & ! ,r5aissance1 :i* 0 palpably bad1 sugge/s1 z =cibly z any ev5t ( hi/ory1 ! *ange ( temp]am5t :i* came ^u ! p1 f ! fifte5? to ! sev5te5? c5turies4 ,?is ca!dral is possess$ ( two f9e we/]n t[]s 7#cdj feet 9 height71 graceful 9 e proportion1 h>dy )\t be+ clumsy1 symmetrical )\t weakness1 & dw9dl+ into cr[n+ spires aft] a mann] :i* approa*es simil> works at ,bordeaux & ,quimp]4 ,^! examples are n ( fir/ rank1 b1 if n ( ma/]ful design1 are at lea/ acceptable expon5ts ( ! =m !y repres5t4 ,^! t[]s1 z well z ! we/]n portal1 are1 h[ev]1 ( a v late date4 ,!y are ! "w ( ,viollet-le-,duc 9 ! latt] half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & indicate--if no?+ m--t1 :]e a good model is us$1 a mod]n ,go?ic "w may /ill betray ! _s ( antiquity4 ,?is gift$ ar*itect 0 n s successful ) ! we/]n t[]s ( ! abbey *ur* ( ,/4 ,ou5 at ,r\54 ,ext]nally ! ca!dral at ,cl]mont-,f]r& %[s a c]ta9 lack ( uni=mity4 ,its ma9 fabric1 ( a black volcanic /one1 dates f #abdh to #abfe4 ,at ?is "t ! "w 0 9 *>ge ( "o ,jean ,des*amps4 ,! *ur* 0 n1 h[ev]1 consecrat$ until ne>ly a c5tury lat]1 & until ! completion ( ! we/ front rema9$ always an unf9i%$ "w :i* receiv$ b scant consid]ation f lov]s ( *ur* ar*itecture4 ,! :ole /ructure 0 sorely treat$ at ! ,revolution1 0 entirely /ripp$ ( its ornam5ts & :at monum5ts x possess$1 & 0 only sav$ f total de/ruction by a subt]fuge advanc$ by a local magi/rate1 :o sugge/$ t ! edifice might be put to o!r ?an its orig9al use4 ,! fir/ two bays ( ! nave are also ( n9ete5?-c5tury con/ruction4 ,?is mu/ acc\nt = ! frequ5t ref]5ces ( a =m] day to ! g5]al effect ( incomplet5ess4 ,to-day x is a coh]5t if n a p]fect :ole1 ?\gh works ( consid]able magnitude are /ill "u way4 ,! g5]al effect ( ! int]ior is h>moni\s1 ?\gh gloomy z to its light+1 & b>e z to its walls4 ,! vault rises some?+ ov] a hundr$ feet above ! pavem5t1 & ! *oir plat=m is consid]ably elevat$4 ,! aisles ( ! nave are d\bl$1 & v wide4 ,! jo9ts ( pi] & wall h be5 newly po9t$1 giv+ an impression ( a m mod]n "w ?an ! edifice really is4 ,! glass ( ! nave & *oir is ( a r>e quality & unusually abundant4 ,h[ x escap$ ! fury ( ! ,revolution is a my/]y4 ,!re are two fifte5?-c5tury rose w9d[s 9 ! transepts1 & a m mod]n example 9 ! we/ front1 ! latt] be+ decid$ly inf]ior to ! o!rs4 ,! glass ( ! *oir is ! mo/ beautiful ( all1 & is ( ! "t ( ,l\is ,,ix41 ^: arms1 qu>t]$ ) ^? ( ,spa91 are %[n !re94 ,! g5]al effect ( ?is col\r$ glass is n ( ! supreme excell5ce ( t at ,*>tres1 b ! effect ( mell[ness1 on fir/ ent]+1 is 9 e way m impressive ?an t ( any o!r ca!dral s\? ( ! ,loire4 ,! organ buffet has1 9 ?is in/ance1 be5 cut away to all[ ( ! display ( ! mod]n rosace4 ,?is is a mo/ ?\ghtful consid]ation ( ! attributes ( a gr& w9d[2 :i* is obvi\sly t ( giv+ a pleas+ effect to an int]ior1 r ?an its inclusion 9 ! ext]ior s*eme ( decoration4 ,9 ! *oir is a retable ( gild$ & pa9t$ wood1 repres5t+ ! life ( ,/4 ,crp9i51 a few tombs1 & 9 ! *apels "s frescoes ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,!re is ! mu*-appreciat$ a/ronomical clock--a curiosity ( d\btful arti/ic "w & symbolism--9 "o ( ! transepts4 ,a /atue ( ,pope ,urban ,,ii4 is en face to ! "r ( ! ca!dral4 ,at ! ,c\ncil ( #ajie ,urban ,,ii4 prea*$ = ! fir/ crusade to av5ge ! slaught] ( pilgrims1 pr9ces1 & bi%ops1 :i* _h tak5 place at ,romola 9 ,pale/9e1 & to rega9 possession ( ,j]usalem & ! ,holy ,sepul*re f ! ,turki% ,sultan1 ,ortock4 ,! en?usiasm ( ! pontiff 0 s great t ! masses =?) ent]$ fully into ! _s ( ! act1 ! nobles te>+ _! r$ robes into %r$s to =m ! badge ( ! crusad]'s cross1 :i* 0 giv5 to all :o took ! v[4 ,by comm& ( ! ,pope1 e s]f :o took ! cross 0 to obta9 8 lib]ty f 8 ov]lord4 ,?is fact1 p]haps1 m ?an any o!r l$ to ! swell$ ranks ( ! fir/ crusade "u ,pet] ! ,h]mit4 ,! re/ is hi/ory1 ?\gh really mu* ( its writt5 *ronicle is really romance4 ,cl]mont 0 a bi%opric 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 ) ,/4 ,au/remo9e z its fir/ bi%op4 ,! diocese is to-day a suffragan ( ,b\rges4 ,at ! head ( ! ,c\rs ,sablon is a fifte5?-c5tury f\nta91 execut$ to ! ord] ( a =m] bi%op1 ,jacques d',amboise4 ,! biblio?que /ill pres]ves1 among fifty ?\s& volumes & elev5 hundr$ ,,mss41 an illum9at$ folio ,bible ( ! twelf? c5tury1 a missal :i* =m]ly belong$ to ,pope ,clem5t ,,vi41 & a n9?-c5tury manuscript ( ! monk1 ,gregory ( ,t\rs4 ,ne> ! ca!dral 9 ! ,rue de ,petit ,gras is ! bir?place ( ! precoci\s ,blaise ,pascal1 :o next to ,urban ,,ii4--if n ev5 be=e him--is p]haps ,cl]mont's mo/ fam\s p]sonage4 ,a bu/ ( ! celebrat$ writ] is let into ! wall :i* faces ! ,passage ,v]n9es1 & yet ano!r adorns ! entrance to ! biblio?que2 & aga9 ano!r--a full-l5g? figure ?is "t--is set ab\t ) gr[+ plants1 9 ! ,squ>e ,blaise ,pascal4 ,altoge!r "o w judge t ,pascal is inde$ ! mo/ notable figure 9 ! secul> hi/ory ( ! city4 ,?is mo/ orig9al intellect ( 8 "t di$ 9 #affb1 at ! e>ly age ( ?irty-n9e4 ,,xv ,,/4 ,,fulcran ,,de ,,lod,,ve ,lodve1 seat$ tightly among ! m\nta9s1 ne> ! conflu5ce ( ! riv]s ,solondre & ,l]gue1 n f> f ! ,cev5nes & ! bord]s ( ! ,gvaudan1 0 a bi%opric1 suffragan ( ,n>bonne1 z e>ly z ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,x _h be5 ! capital ( ! ,gallic tribe ( ! ,volsques1 !n a pagan ,roman city1 & f9ally 0 conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity 9 ! ye> #cbc by ! apo/le ,/4 ,fl\r1 :o f\nd$ ! bi%opric1 :i*1 ) s _m o!rs1 0 suppress$ at ! ,revolution4 ,! city suff]$ greatly f ! w>s ( ! ,go?s1 ! ,albig5ses1 & lat] ! civil w>s ( ! ,prote/ants & ,ca?olics4 ,! bi%ops ( ,lodve 7 lords by virtue ( ! fact t ! title 0 b\ght f ! visc\nts ^: hon\r x _h previ\sly held4 ,/4 ,guillem ,ley ,des]t 7,o4 ,f471 a fam\s abbey ( ! ,b5$ict9es1 f\nd$ by an ance/or ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange1 is ne> by4 ,! anci5t ca!dral ( ,/4 ,fulcran is situat$ 9 ! haute-ville & dates1 z to its f\ndation walls1 f ! middle ( ! t5? c5tury4 ,! recon/ruct$ pres5t-day edifice is ma9ly ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & z an ext5sive "w ( its "t is entitl$ to rank ) _m ( ! ca!dral *ur*es :i* surviv$ ! ,revolution4 ,by ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! la/ rema9+ "w & alt]ations 7 complet$1 & "o sees !re=e a fairly consi/5t m$ival *ur*4 ,! we/ faade is surm\nt$ by t\relles :i* are capp$ ) a def5d+ m*ic\lis1 presumably = def5ce f attack f ! we/1 z ?is battlem5t c\ld h>dly h be5 int5d$ = m]e ornam5t1 decorative ?\gh x really is4 ,! int]ior height rises to some?+ approximat+ eighty feet1 & is impos+ to a f> great] degree ?an _m m magnific5t & weal?y *ur*es4 ,! *oir is truly elegant 9 its proportions & decorations1 its *ief ornam5t be+ t ( ! high-alt>1 & ! :ite m>ble lions :i* flank ! /alls4 ,f ! *oir "o ent]s ! ru9$ cloi/] ( ! fifte5? c5tury2 :i*1 if n rem>kable 9 any way1 is at lea/ di/9ctive & a suffici5tly uncommon app5dage ( a ca!dral *ur* to be rem>k$4 ,a m>ble tomb ( a =m] bi%op1--,plantavit de la ,pause1--a di/+ui%$ prelate & bibliophile1 is also 9 ! *oir4 ,?is monum5t is a mo/ wor?y arti/ic ef=t1 & %[s two lions ly+ at ! foot ( a full-l5g? figure ( ! *ur*man4 ,x dates f #afea1 &1 ?\gh ( ,r5aissance workman%ip1 its design & sculpture--l mo/ monum5tal "w ( its era--are f> ahead ( ! quality ( craftsman%ip display$ by ! build]s & ar*itects ( ! same p]iod4 ,! "o-"t episcopal resid5ce is n[ occupi$ by ! htel de ville1 ! tribunal1 & ! cas]ne de g5d>m]ie4 ,z a %elt] = civic dignity ?is is p]haps n a desc5t f its =m] glory1 b z a cas]ne x is a %ameful debasem5t2 n1 h[ev]1 z mean z ! level to :i* ! papal palace at ,avignon has fall54 ,! guide-book in=mation--:i*1 be x said1 is n disput$ or revil$ "h--/ates t ! city's manufactories supply surt\t des draps = ! army2 b ! *ur*-lov] w get little su/5ance = 8 ref9$ appetite f ?is k]nel ( matt]-(-fact in=mation4 ,lodve is1 h[ev]1 a *>m+ prov9cial t[n1 ) two anci5t bridges cross+ its riv]s1 a ru9$ *teau1 ,montbrun1 & a f9e prom5ade :i* ov]looks ! riv] valleys r\nd ab\t4 ,,"p ,,iii ,! ,rhne ,valley ,i ,,introductory ,! k ( ! geograph] ,ptolemy1 :o wrote 9 ! second c5tury ) reg>d to ! ,rhne1 0 n s greatly at fault z ) respect to o!r topographical features1 su* z coa/s & b\nd>ies4 ,p]haps ! fact t ,gaul _h = s long be5 "u ,roman dom9ion _h some:at to d ) ?is4 ,he gives1 !re=e1 a tol]ably correct acc\nt z to ?is mighty riv]1 plac+ its s\rces 9 ! ,alps1 & trac+ its fl[ ?r\gh ! lake ,lemannus 7,leman7 to ,lugdunum 7,lyon72 :5ce1 turn+ %>ply to ! s\?w>d1 x ent]s ! ,m$it]ranean s\? ( ,arles4 ,likewise1 he correctly adds t ! upp] riv] is jo9$ ) ! comb9$ fl[ ( ! ,d\bs & ,sane1 b commits ! error ( describ+ _! s\rce to be also 9 ! ,alps4 ,philip ,gilb]t ,ham]ton1 :o knew ^! p>ts well1--8 home 0 ne> ,autun1--has describ$ ! conflu5ce ( ! ,sane & ,rhne ?us3 ,! wid? & dep? ( ! two riv]s are equal1 b ! swift-fl[+ ,rhne dis*>ges twice ! volume ( wat] ( ! sl[-runn+ ,sane4 ,!y also diff] rem>kably 9 col\r4 ,! ,sane is em]ald-gre5 & ! ,rhne blue-gre54 ,"h ! m9or riv] loses its "n & "*1 &1 by an unusual process1 ! sl[e/ & mo/ navigable /ream 9 ,europe jo9s ! swifte/ & lea/ navigable4 ,! ,flum5 ,ar>is ceases & becomes ! ,rhodanus4 ,! volume ( wat] :i* ye>ly c\rses d[n ! ,rhne is p]haps great] ?an w\ld fir/ appe>1 :51 at c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye>1 "o sees a some:at ?9 film ( wat] glid+ ov] a wide expanse ( yell[ s& & %+le4 ,?r\gh\t1 h[ev]1 x is ( g5]\s wid? & at times rises 9 a true torr5tial mann]3 ?is :5 ! spr+ fre%ets & melt+ ,alp9e sn[s are direct$ ?i!r t[>d _! natural outlet to ! sea4 ,riv]s1 said ,blaise ,pascal1 are ! roads t move4 ,along ! great riv] valleys ( ! ,rhne1 ! ,loire1 ! ,se9e1 & ! ,rh9e 7 made ! fir/ ,roman roads1 ! prototypes ( ! pres5t-day means ( communication4 ,! developm5t ( civilization & ! arts along ^! great pa?ways 0 rapid & ext5sive4 ,two ( !m1 at lea/1 gave bir? to ar*itectural /yles q diff]+ f o!r neighb\r+ types3 ! ,roma9-,g]manique--bord]+ along ! ,rh9e & ext5d+ to ,alsace & ! ,vosges2 & ! ,roma9-,b\rguignon1 :i* foll[$ ! valley ( ! ,rhne f ,b\rgogne to ! ,m$it]ranean & ! ,italian fronti]1 includ+ all ,prov5ce4 ,! true s\rce ( ! ,rhne is 9 ! ,p5n9e ,alps1 :]e1 9 consort ) ?ree o!r /reams1 ! ,a>1 ! ,reuss1 & ! ,tic9o1 x rises 9 a clov5 valley close to ! lake ( ,bri5z1 amid t huge jumble ( m\nta9-tops1 :i* diff]s s greatly f ! popul> conception ( a m\nta9 range4 ,dauph9 & ,savoie are to-day comp>atively unkn[n by p>l\r-c> travell]s4 ,dauph91 ) its great hi/orical associations1 ! weal? & beauty ( its ar*itecture1 ! magnific5ce ( its sc5]y1 has always _h great attractions = ! hi/orian1 ! ar*ologi/1 & ! s*ol>2 to ! t\ri/1 h[ev]1 ev5 to ! ,fr5* t\ri/1 x rema9$ = _m ye>s a t]ra incognita4 ,yet no c\ntry c\ld pres5t ! travell] ) a m wond]ful succession ( ev]-*ang+ sc5]y1 su* a ri* v>iety ( l&scape1 rang+ f v]dant pla9 to m\nta9 glaci]1 f ! gay & picturesque to ! sublime & t]rible4 ,plant$ 9 ! v he>t ( ! ,fr5* ,alps1 ris+ t]race above t]race f ! l[l&s ( ! ,rhne to ! mo/ /up5d\s heights1 ,dauph9 may ) reason claim to be ! wor?y rival ( ,switz]l&4 ,! romantic associations ( ,la ,gr&e ,*>treuse2 ( ! *>m+ valley t[ns ( ,sion & ,ao/e1 fam$ alike 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ur* & ,/ate2 & ( ! m spl5didly appo9t$ cities ( ,gr5oble & ,*ambry1 w make a new leaf 9 ! books ( mo/ peoples' exp]i5ces4 ,! riv]s ,durance1 ,isre1 & ,drme dra9 ! region into ! m ample bas9 ( ! ,rhne1 & ! fir/ ( ! ?ree--= %e] beauty & romantic picturesqu5ess--w p]haps rank fir/ 9 all ! _w4 ,! *ief associations ( ! ,rhne valley ) ! ,*ur* are c5tr$ ar\nd ,lyon1 ,vi5ne1 ,avignon1 & ,arles4 ,! associations ( hi/ory--a spl5did & a v>i$ pa/--/& =emo/ at ,orange1 ,nmes1 ,aix1 & ,m>seilles4 ,x is n possible to deal "h ) ! _m pays et pagi ( ! bas9 ( ! ,rhne4 ,( all1 ,prov5ce--t gold5 l&--/&s =emo/ & compels att5tion4 ,"o might praise x ad inf9itum 9 all its spl5did attributes & its glori\s pa/1 b "o c\ld n !n d x ju/ice2 bett] f> t "o %\ld sum x up 9 two words--,mi/ral's _w4 ,! popes & ! tr\bad\rs comb9$ to ca/ a glam\r ov] ! fair l& ( ,prov5ce :i* is irresi/ible4 ,"h 7 ar*itectural monum5ts1 ar*es1 bridges1 aqu$ucts1 & ar5as z great & z spl5did z ! _w has ev] kn[n4 ,aix-en-,prov5ce1 9 ,k+ ,r5's "t1 0 ! gaye/ capital ( ,europe1 & ! influ5ce ( its arts & lit]ature spread to all p>ts4 ,to ! s\? came fir/ ! ,visigo?s1 !n ! conflict+ & repell+ ,o/rogo?s2 betwe5 !m soon to supplant ! ,gallo-,roman cultivation :i* _h "h gr[n s vigor\sly4 ,x 0 z late z ! six? c5tury :5 ! ,o/rogo?s held ! brilliant sunlit city ( ,arles2 :5 foll[s a hi/ory--applicable z well to mo/ ( all s\!rn ,france--( _m dre>y c5turies ( discordant races1 ( v>y+ religi\s fai?s1 & adh]5ce n[ to "o "l & ma/]1 & !n to ano!r4 ,monum5ts ( v>i\s eras rema92 s num]\sly t "o c rebuild = !mselves mu* t has disappe>$ = ev]3 palaces z at ,avignon1 ca/les z at ,t>ascon & ,beaucaire1 & wall$ cities z at ,aigues-,morte4 ,:at limitless sugge/ion is 9 ! ?\ght ( ! assembl$ ?rongs :o peopl$ ! ti]s ( ! ar5as & !atres ( ,arles & ,nmes 9 days gone by4 ,! s5sation is mo/ly to be d]iv$1 h[ev]1 f ?\ght & conjecture4 ,! pa9ful & nullify+ spectacles & c\rses des taureaux1 :i* p]iodically hold =? to-day 9 ^! noble ar5as1 are m]e trave/ies on _! spl5did functions ( ! pa/4 ,mu* m satisfy+--& )al m arti/ic--are ! !atrical repres5tations 9 t magnific5t outdoor !atre at ,orange2 :]e s rec5tly z ! autumn ( #aijc 0 giv5 a gr& repres5tation ( dramatic art1 ) ,madame ,b]nh>dt1 ,coquel91 & o!rs ( ! galaxy :i* grace ! ,fr5* /age to-day1 tak+ "p !re94 ,prov5al lit]ature is a va/ & v>i$ subject1 & ! wom5 ( ,arles--! true ,arlesians ( ! poet & romanc]--are a/oni%+ly beautiful4 ,ea* ( ^! subjects--to d !m ju/ice--w\ld require mu* ink & pap]4 ,daudet1 9 ,t>t>91 has ^! op5+ words1 z if no o!rs 7 necess>y 9 ord] to lead ! way into a new _w3 ,,x ,,0 ,,septemb] ,,& ,,x ,,0 ,,prov5ce4 ,fr$]ic ,mi/ral1 9 ,mirio1 has writt5 ! great mod]n epic ( ,prov5ce1 :i* depicts ! life z well z ! lit]ature ( ! anci5t tr\bad\rs4 ,! ,f\nta9 ( ,vaucluse w c>ry "o back /ill fur!r 9 ! anci5t ,prov5al atmosph]e2 to ! days ( ,petr>* & ,laura1 & ! little fi% ( ,sorgues4 ,:at ! ,romance language really 01 au?orities--if !y be au?orities--diff]4 ,h5ce x 7 p]haps well t no attempt %\ld be made "h to def9e :at o!rs h fail$ to place1 beyond ?is obs]vation1 :i* is ga!r$ f a s\rce n[ lo/ to recollection1 b dat+ f a c5tury ago at lea/3 ,! s\!rn or ,romance language1 ! tongue ( all ! p :o obey$ ,*>lemagne 9 ! s\? ( ,europe1 proce$$ f ! p>5t-vitiat$ ,lat94 ,! ,prov5aux ass]t1 & ! ,spani>ds d5y1 t ! ,spani% tongue is d]iv$ f ! orig9al ,romance1 ?\gh nei!r ! ,italians nor ! ,fr5* are will+ to owe mu* to x z a p>5t1 9 spite ( ! fact t ,petr>* eulogiz$ x1 & ! tr\bad\rs z well4 ,! ,t\l\sans r\ndly ass]t t ! ,prov5al is ! root ( all o!r dialects :atev] 7vide ,caz5euve74 ,mo/ ,spani% writ]s on ! o!r h& insi/ t ! ,prov5al is d]iv$ f ! ,spani% 7vide ,coleccion de ,poesias ,ca/ellanas2 ,madrid1 #aggi74 ,at all ev5ts ! idiom1 f :atev] x may h sprung1 took root1 propagat$ & fl\ri%$ 9 ! l& ( ! ,prov5al tr\bad\rs4 ,:atev] may h be5 ! real ext5t ( ! influ5ces :i* w5t out f ,prov5ce1 x is c]ta9 t ! m>riage ( ,rob]t ) ,con/ance--daught] ( ! fir/ ,c\nt ( ,prov5ce1 ab\t ! ye> #ajjj--0 ! p]iod ( a great *ange 9 mann]s & cu/oms ?r\gh\t ! k+dom4 ,"s ev5 h ass]t$ t ?is pr9cess br\ght 9 h] tra9 ! tr\bad\rs :o spread ! ta/e = poetry & its accompanim5ts ?r\gh\t ! nor? ( ,france4 ,! ,prov5ce rose1 s celebrat$ 9 leg5d & lit]ature1 c h>dly be dismiss$ )\t a ^w2 ?\gh1 9 tru?1 ! casual travell] w h>dly "k ( its exi/5ce1 unless he may h a sweet recollection ( "s rural maid1 :o1 ) sleeves c>efully roll$ up1 /ood be=e h] fav\rite rose-tree1 t5d]ly exam9+ x1 & driv+ away a buzz+ fly or a dron+ wasp4 ,^! fir/l+s ( ! season are t5d$ ) great pride4 ,! di/9ctive rose ( ,prov5ce is small]1 r$d]1 & m ela/ic & conc5tric ?an ! c5tifoli ( ! nor?1 & = ?is reason1 likely1 x appe>s ! m *>m+ to ! eye ( ! native ( ! nor?1 :o1 if we are to believe ! romantici/s1 is made a *ild aga9 by ! m]e contemplation ( ?is lovely fl[]4 ,! glory ( ?is ri* r$ ,prov5ce rose is 9 dispute betwe5 ,prov5ce & ,prov9s1 ! anci5t capital ( ,la ,brie2 b ! weight ( ! argum5t appe>s to fav\r ! =m]4 ,bel[ ,arles & ,nmes ! ,rhne broad5s out into a _m-f+]$ e/u>y1 & m+les its ,alp9e flood ) ! blue wat]s ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,! delta has be5 =m$ by ! activity & en]gy ( ! riv] itself1 f ! f\r? c5tury--:5 x is kn[n t ,arles lay sixte5 miles f ! sea--till to-day1 :5 x is some?+ l ?irty4 ,?is ceaseless c>ry+ & fill+ has result$ 9 a new coa/-l9e1 :i* n only has *ang$ ! topography ( ! region consid]ably1 b may be suppos$ to h actually work$ to ! comm]cial disadvantage ( ! c\ntry r\nd ab\t4 ,! annual prolongation ( ! %ores--! reclaim$ wat]-front--is ab\t "o hundr$ & sixty-f\r feet1 h5ce "s consid]able ga9 is acc\nt$ =1 b :e!r to ! nation or ! squatt] /ati/ics d n say4 ,! delta ( ! ,rhne has be5 describ$ by an expansive ,fr5* writ] z3 ,some?+ q sep>ate f ! re/ ( ,france4 ,x is a w$ge ( ,greece & ( ! ,ea/ ?ru/ into ,gaul4 ,x came nor? a hundr$ 7or m7 ye>s ago & kill$ ! ,mon>*y4 ,x caught ! value 91 & creat$ ! great w>-song ( ! ,republic4 ,!re is a deal ( subtlety 9 ^! few l9es1 & !y are giv5 "h because ( _! tru? & applicability4 ,,ii ,,/4 ,,eti5ne ,,de ,,*alons-,,sur-,,sa,,ne ,! ca!dral at ,*alons1 says ,philip ,gilb]t ,ham]ton1--:o knew ! entire region ( ! ,sane bett] p]haps ?an any o!r ,anglo-,saxon1--has tw9 t[]s1 :i*1 9 ! ev5+1 at a di/ance1 recall ,notre ,dame 7at ,p>is71 & !re are domes1 too1 z 9 ! capital4 ,an imag9ative description surely1 & "o t is d\btless n )\t tru? 7 "o able to fir/ come ^u ?is riv]side city ( mid-,france 9 ! twilight1 & by boat f ! upp] riv]4 ,*alons is an ideally situat$ city1 ) a placidness :i* ! sl[ curr5t ( ! ,sane does n di/urb4 ,b its ca!dral6 ,x is no m l its ,p>isian compe] ?an x is l ! ,pyramids ( ,egypt4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! ca!dral t[]s are a weak1 effem9ate imitation ( a prototype :i* itself mu/ h be5 f> remov$ f ,notre ,dame1 & !y h be5 bol/]$ & batt5$ 9 a %ameful fa%ion4 ,! ca!dral at ,*alons is ab\t ! mo/ anci5t-look+ possession ( ! city1 :i* 9 o!r respects is q mod]n1 &1 aside f its *>m+ situation & g5]al attractiv5ess1 takes no rank :atev] z a c5tre ( anci5t or m$ival art4 ,its examples ( ,gallic ar*itecture are n traceable to-day1 & ( ,roman rema9s x possesses none4 ,z a ,gallic /ronghold1--x 0 nev] m ?an t1--x appeal$ to ,cs> m]ely z a base f :i* to advance or retreat1 & its hi/ory at ?is "t is n great or abundant4 ,a ,roman wall is suppos$ to h exi/$1 b its rema9s are n traceable to-day1 ?\gh tradition has x t a quantity ( its /ones 7 transport$ by ! monk ,bnigne = ! rotunda :i* he built at ,dijon4 ,! city's era ( great prosp]ity 0 ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies1 :5 its =tifications 7 built up anew1 its ca!dral f9i%$1 & f\rte5 *ur*es held =?4 ,f ?is high e/ate x has sadly fall51 & !re is only its decrepit ca!dral1 rebuilt aft] a sev5te5?-c5tury fire1 & two *ur*es--"o ( !m mod]n--to uphold its ecclesia/ical dignity4 ,! t[]s ( ! ca!dral are ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 b ! s-call$ ,dean]y ,t[] is m anci5t1 & sugge/ive ( mu* t is militant & v little t is *ur*ly4 ,! int]ior has be5 re/or$1 n :olly ) success1 b yet n :olly spoil$4 ,9 plan & arrangem5t x is a simple & sev]e *ur*1 b acceptable en\gh :5 "o contemplates *anges made else:]e4 ,"h are to be se5 no debas$ copies ( ,greek or ,roman ord]s2 :i* is some?+ to be ?ankful =4 ,! ar*es ( ! nave & *oir are /rong & bold1 b n ( great spread4 ,! height ( ! nave1 "p ( :i* has come d[n f ! ?irte5? c5tury1 is n9ety feet at lea/4 ,!re are well-c>v$ capitals to ! pill>s ( ! nave1 & ! col\r$ glass ( ! w9d[s ( tri=ium & cl]e/ory is ri* )\t ris+ to great beauty4 ,9 g5]al ! /yle is decid$ly a mlange1 ?\gh ! ca!dral is entitl$ to rank z a ,go?ic example4 ,its l5g? is #cej feet4 ,! matre-autel is "o ( ! mo/ elegant 9 ,france4 ,mod]n improvem5t has cle>$ away mu* t 0 picturesque1 b ar\nd ! ca!dral are /ill left a few gabl$ h\ses1 :i* s]ve to pres]ve some?+ ( ! m$ival sett+ :i* once held x4 ,! c\rty>d & its dep5d5cies at ! base ( ! ,dean]y ,t[] are ! *ief arti/ic features4 ,!y appeal f> m /rongly ?an any g5]al accessory ( ! ca!dral itself1 & sugge/ t !y once mu/ h be5 ! compon5ts ( a cloi/]4 ,! see 0 f\nd$ 9 ! fif? c5tury z a suffragan ( ,lyon4 ,,iii ,,/4 ,,v9c5t ,,de ,,macon ,! ,ma/ieo ( ! ,romans 0 n ! ,macon ( to-day1 ?\gh1 by evolution1 or corruption1 or :atev] ! process may h be51 ! "n has come d[n to u z ref]r+ to ! same place4 ,! =m] city did n bord] ! riv]1 b 0 seat$ on a height ov]look+ ! ,sane1 :i* fl[s by ! doors ( ! pres5t city ( ,macon4 ,its site is end[$ ) mo/ ( ! attributes includ$ 9 ! def9ition ( comm&+1 &1 ?\gh n gr&ly situat$1 is1 f any riv]side view-po9t1 attractive & pleas+4 ,:5 x comes to ! polygonal t[]s ( its old5 ca!dral1 ?is *>m+ & pleas+ view *anges to t ( "o :i* is curi\s & int]e/+4 ,! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,v9c5t is a batt]$ old ru91 & no am\nt ( re/oration & rebuild+ w ev] end[ x ) any m des]v+ qualities4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,v9c5t de ,,macon4 ,! ,revolution 0 responsible = its hav+ )]$ away1 z x 0 also = ! aboli%m5t ( ! see ( ,macon4 ,! t[]s /& to-day--l[]$ some:at f _! =m] proportions--gaunt & grim1 & ! ri* ,burgundian n>!n1 :i* lay betwe51 has be5 conv]t$--n re/or$1 m>k y--into an inf]ior sort ( *apel4 ,! de/ruction t fell ^u v>i\s p>ts ( ?is old *ur* might z well h be5 m sweep+ & raz$ x to ! gr\nd entirely4 ,! effect c\ld n h be5 m di%e>t5+4 ,macon =m]ly _h twelve *ur*es4 ,n[ x has ?ree--if we include ?is poor fragm5t ( its "o-"t ca!dral4 ,betwe5 ! ,revolution & ! coronation ( ,napoleon ,i4 ! city 0 possess$ ( no place ( wor%ip4 ,macon became an episcopal see1 ) ,placide z its fir/ bi%op1 9 ! six? c5tury4 ,x 0 suppress$ 9 #agij4 ,! bridge :i* crosses ! riv] to ! suburb ( ,/4 ,laur5t is cr$it$ z be+ ! f9e/ "w ( its k9d cross+ ! ,sane4 ,ham]ton has said t its massive ar*es & pi]s1 w$ge-%ap$ to meet ! w9d1 are pleasant to contemplate aft] num]\s fe/oons ( wire c>ry+ a roadway ( planks4 ,?is bridge 0 =m]ly surm\nt$1 at ei!r end1 ) a ca/ellat$ gateway1 b1 l _m ( ^! accessories else:]e1 !y h disappe>$4 ,! fam\s bridge at ,cahors 7%[n else:]e 9 ?is book7 is ! be/ example ( su* a bridge /ill exi/+ 9 ,france4 ,z a ca!dral city1 ,macon w n take a high rank4 ,! great man ( ,macon 0 ,lam>t9e4 ,8 bir?place is %[n to visitors1 b its pres5t appe>ance does n sugge/ ! spl5did appo9tm5ts ( its description 9 t wor?y's memoirs4 ,macon is ! entrept ( ! abundant & excell5t v9 du ,b\rgogne1 & ! /rictly popul> repute ( ! city re/s entirely on ?is fact4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,jean de ,,lyon4 ,,iv ,,/4 ,,jean ,,de ,,lyon ,! ,lyonnais is ! "n giv5 to t region ly+ some:at to ! we/w>d ( ! city ( ,lyon4 ,x is divid$ into ?ree di/9ct p>ts1 le ,lyonnais prop]1 le ,=ez1 & le ,beaujolais4 ,its *ief appellation comes f t ( its *ief city1 :i* 9 turn is m ?an vague z to its etymology3 ,lugdunum we "k1 ( c\rse1 & we c trace its evolution ev5 unto ! ,angliciz$ ,lyons1 b :5 philologi/s1 antiqu>ians1 & p$ants ( m]e pret5ce ask u to *oose betwe5 le corbeau--l\gon1 un em95ce--d\non1 lone--an arm ( a riv]1 & dun ! ,celtic ^w = height1 we are amaz$1 & are will+ en\gh to leave ! solv+ ( ! problem to ^? :o w f9d a great] pleasure !re94 ,lyon is a widely-spread city1 ( magnific5t proportions & pleas+ aspect1 situat$ z x is on ! banks ( two maje/ic1 ?\gh *>act]i/ically diff]5t riv]s1 ! ,rhne & ! ,sane4 ,9 _m respects x is an ideally laid-out city1 & ! sc5e f ! heights ( ,f\rvire at night1 :5 ! city is brilliant ) _m-light$ work%ops1 is a wond]fully ne> approa* to fairy-l&4 ,:e!r ! rem>kable symmetry ( ! city's /reets & plan is ! result ( ! g5ius ( a pa/ day1 or ( ! mod]n progressive _s1 is 9 "s d\bt4 ,c]ta9ly x mu/ orig9ally h be5 a delightfully plann$ city1 & ! _s ( mod]nity--?\gh great--has n by any means :olly eradicat$ its :ilom *>m ( ano!r day4 ,x may be rem>k$ "h t ab\t ! only navigable portion ( ! none too placid ,rhne is f\nd f "h to ,avignon & ,arles1 to :i* po9ts1 9 summ] at lea/1 /eam-craft--( sorts--c>ry pass5g]s ) exp$ition & economy--d[n-/ream2 ! j\rney up-riv] w amaze "o by ! pot5cy ( ! flood ( ?is torr5tial /ream--s diff]5t f ! sl[-go+ ,sane4 ,! pres5t diocese1 ( :i* ! see ( ,lyon is ! head1 compreh5ds ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,rhne et ,loire4 ,x is kn[n "u ! d\ble vocable ( ,lyon et ,vi5ne1 & is ! outgr[? ( ! m anci5t ecclesia/ical prov9ce ( ,vi5ne1 ^: ar*iepiscopal dignity 0 domicil$ 9 ,/4 ,maurice4 ,x 0 9 ! second c5tury t ,/4 ,po?91 an ,asiatic ,greek1 came to ! anci5t prov9ce ( ,lyon z ar*bi%op4 ,! title c>ri$ ) x t ( primate ( all ,gaul3 h5ce ! importance ( ! see1 f ! e>lie/ times1 may be inf]r$4 ,! ar*itectural rema9s ^u :i* is built ! flamboyant ,go?ic *ur* ( ,/4 ,nizi] are suppos$ to be ^? ( ! primitive ca!dral 9 :i* ,/4 ,po?9 & ,/4 ,ir5u celebrat$ ! holy rites4 ,! claim is made1 ( c\rse1 n )\t a %[ ( ju/ification !re=1 b x is a f> cry f ! second c5tury ( our era to ?is late day2 & ! sacri/an's words are n conv9c+1 9 view ( ! d\bts :i* _m non-local exp]ts h ca/ ^u ! ass]tion4 ,! pres5t glise ,/4 ,nizi] is fur!rmore d$icat$ to a *ur*man :o liv$ z late z ! six? c5tury4 ,! pres5t ca!dral ( ,/4 ,jean dates f ! e>ly ye>s ( ! twelf? c5tury1 b !re rema9s to-day ano!r "w closely alli$ ) episcopal affairs--! /one bridge :i* spans ! ,sane1 & :i* 0 built "s two hundr$ ye>s be=e ! pres5t ca!dral by ,ar*bi%op ,humb]t4 ,?\gh a bridge across a riv] is an ess5tially practical & utile ?+1 x is1 p]haps1 9 a way1 z wor?y a "w = a g5]\s & ma/]ful prelate z *ur*-build+ itself4 ,c]ta9ly ?is 0 ! case ) ,humb]t's bridge1 he hav+ design$ ! /ructure1 sup]9t5d$ its erection1 & assum$ ! exp5se !re(4 ,x is record$ t ?is wor?y *ur*man ga9$ _m adh]5ts = ! fai?1 s x may be assum$ t he build$ z well z he knew4 ,/4 ,jean de ,lyon dates f #aahj1 & pres5ts _m ar*itectural anomalies 9 its con/ructive elem5ts1 ?\gh ! all-p]vad+ ,go?ic is 9 ! asc5dant4 ,f ?is height d[nw>d1 ?r\gh v>i\s int]polations1 are se5 sugge/ions ( _m v>ieties & /yles ( *ur*-build+4 ,!re is1 too1 an intimation ( a motif ess5tially pagan if "o attempts to expla9 ! vag>ies ( "s ( ! ornam5tation ( ! unusual septagonal ,lomb>d *oir4 ,?is is fur!r inf]r$ :5 x is kn[n t a =m] temple to ,augu/us /ood on ! same site4 ,if ?is be s1 ! reason+ is complete1 & ! classical ornam5t "h is ( a v e>ly date4 ,! fabric ( ! ca!dral is1 9 ! ma91 ( a w>m-col\r$ free/one1 n unlike d>k m>ble1 b )\t its brilliancy & surface4 ,x comes f ! heights ( ,f\rvire1--on ^: haun*es ! ca!dral sits1--& by virtue ( ! act ( f\ndation x may be qu>ri$ at any "t1 free ( all co/1 = use by ! ,*ur*4 ,! situation ( ?is ca!dral is mo/ attractive2 inde$ its greate/ *>m may be said to be its situation1 s v picturesquely dispos$ is x1 ) ! ,quai de l',ar*ev* betwe5 x & ! riv] ,sane4 ,! *oir itself--aft] all[+ = ! int]polation ( ! e>ly non-,*ri/ian fragm5ts--is ! mo/ consi/5tly pleas+ portion4 ,x pres5ts 9 g5]al a fairly pure1 e>ly ,go?ic design4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 ?is *oir sits bel[ ! level ( ! nave & pres5ts1 9 ! int]ior view1 an unusual effect ( amplitude4 ,) ! nave ( ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies1 ! /yle becomes m mix$--localiz$1 "o may say--if only consi/5t details might be trac$4 ,at any rate1 ! /yle gr[s p]ceptibly heavi] & m involv$1 )\t ! simplicity ( pre-,go?ic "w4 ,f9ally1 z "o comes to ! heavily capp$ t[]s1 !re is little ( grace & beauty left4 ,9 detail1 at lea/1 if n 9 g5]al1 ,/4 ,jean runs q ! :ole scale ( m$ival ar*itectural /yle--f ! pure ,romanesque to ! def9ite1 if r mix$1 ,go?ic4 ,( ! lat] elem5ts1 ! mo/ rem>kable is ! fifte5?-c5tury ,b\rbon *apel1 built by ,c>d9al ,*>les & 8 bro!r ,pi]re4 ,?is *apel pres5ts ! usual ri*ness & luxuriance ( its "t4 ,if all ?+s are consid]$1 x is ! *ief feature ( int]e/ )9 ! walls4 ,! we/ front has triple portals1 rem9isc5t1 z to dim5sions1 ( ,ami5s1 ?\gh by no means s gr&ly peopl$ ) /atues2 ! heavy1 /unt$ t[]s1 too1 are n unlike ^? ( ,ami5s4 ,^! tw9 t[]s are ( a decid$ly heavy ord]1 & are n beautiful1 ei!r z di/9ct features or z a compon5t ( ! ensemble4 ,q 9 keep+ also are ! *ief decorations ( ! faade1 :i* are pr9cipally a s]ies ( sup]impos$ m$allions1 depict+1 v>i\sly1 ! signs ( ! zodiac1 sc5es f ! life ( ,/4 ,jean1 & yet o!rs sugge/+ sc5es & incid5ts f ,g5esis1 ) an admixture ( h]aldic symbolism :i* is "h q mean+less & s+ul>ly inappropriate1 :ile /ill o!r entablatures pres5t sc5es illu/rat+ ! ,leg5d ( ,/4 ,ni*olas & ,! ,law ( ,ari/otle4 ,! g5]al effect ( ! ext]ior1 ! faade 9 p>ticul>1 is v d>k1 & except 9 a bright sunlight--:i* is usual--is inde$ gloomy4 ,9 all probability1 ?is is due to ! discol\r+ ( ! s(t /one ( :i* ! ca!dral is built1 z ! same effect is sc>cely to be rem>k$ 9 ! int]ior4 ,9 a t[] on ! s\? side--mu* l[]1 & n s clumsily built up z ! tw9 t[]s--hangs "o ( ! greate/ b\rdons 9 ,france4 ,x 0 ca/ 9 #affb1 & weighs t5 ?\s& kilos4 ,ano!r curiosity ( a l nature is to be se5 9 ! int]ior1 an a/ronomical clock--kn[n to ,mr4 ,tri/ram z t great clock ( ,lippius ( ,basle4 ,possess$ ( a cr[+ cock & ! usual toy-book attributes1 ?is great clock is a s\rce ( p]5nial pride to ! native & ! mak]s ( guide-books4 ,/]ne1 too1 x w\ld appe>1 wax$ unduly en?usia/ic ov] ?is really +5i\s ?+ ( :eels & cogs4 ,he said3 ,i nev] und]/ood ! lea/ ( me*anism4 ,i decl>e ,i 0 nev] able yet to compreh5d ! pr9ciples ( a squirrel-cage or a knife-gr9d]'s :eel1 yet ,i w g see ?is wond]ful clock ! fir/ ?+ ,i d4 ,:5 he did see x1 he qua9tly obs]v$ t x 0 all out ( jo9t4 ,! r crude col\r$ glass--?\gh x is preci\s glass1 = x dates f ! ?irte5? c5tury1 9 "p--sets (f b\ntifully an int]ior :i* w\ld o!rwise appe> some:at au/]e4 ,9 ! nave is a m>ble pulpit :i* has be5 c>v$ ) m ?an usual skill4 ,x ranks ) t 9 ,/4 ,maurice1 at ,vi5ne1 z "o ( ! mo/ beautiful 9 ,france4 ,! ca!dral possesses two reliques ( real importance 9 ! crosses :i* are plac$ to ! left & "r ( ! high-alt>4 ,^! are cons]v$ by a unique cu/om1 9 memory ( an attempt made by a concile gnral ( ! *ur*1 held 9 ,lyon 9 #abgd1 to reconcile ! ,lat9 & ,greek =ms ( religion4 ,! sacri/y1 9 :i* ! b\ntiful1 ?\gh n hi/oric1 trsor is kept1 is 9 ! s\? transept4 ,among ! ar*ives ( ! ca!dral !re are1 says a local antiqu>y1 docum5ts ( a te/am5t>y nature1 :i* provid$ ! means = ! up-keep ( ! fabric )\t exp5se to ! *ur*1 until well into ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,on ! apex ( ! height :i* rises above ! ca!dral is ! ,basilique de ,notre ,dame de ,f\rvire--"o ( ^? places ( pilgrimage1 ! mo/ v5]at$ 9 all ! _w1 says a confid5t ,fr5* writ]4 ,?is may be s2 x ov]looks gr\nd :i* has long be5 hall[$ by ! ,*ur*1 to a f> great] degree ?an _m o!r p>ts1 b1 l s _m places ( pilgrimage ( a mod]n day1 its nondescript religi\s edifice is en\gh to make ! *ur*-lov] will+ly pass x by4 ,! site is t ( ! anci5t ,=um ,vetus ( ! ,romans1 & z su* is m appeal+ to mo/ ?an z a place ( pilgrimage4 ,v ,,/4 ,,maurice ,,de ,,vi5ne ,at ! feet ( sev5 m\nta9s2 on ! banks ( a l>ge riv]2 an antique city & a cit neuve4 --,,fran,,ois ,,pons>d4 ,?\gh wid[$ to-day ( its bi%op's ?rone1 ,vi5ne enjoys ) ,lyon ! di/9ction ( hav+ its "n atta*$ to an episcopal see4 ,! anci5t ar*bi%opric rul$ ov] :at 0 kn[n z ! ,prov9ce ( ,vi5ne1 :i*1 if n m anci5t ?an t ( ,lyon1 dates f ! same c5tury--! second ( our ,*ri/ian era--& probably f a few ye>s ant]ior1 z x is kn[n t ,/4 ,cresc5t1 ! fir/ prelate ( ! diocese1 0 firmly e/abli%$ "h z e>ly z #aah ,a4 ,d4 ,9 any ev5t1 x 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ c5tres ( ,*ri/ianity nor? ( ! ,alps4 ,to-day1 be+ m]g$ ) ! diocese ( ,lyon1 ,vi5ne is seldom cr$it$ z be+ a ca!dral city4 ,locally ! claim is v /rongly made1 b ! ,m$it]ranean t\ri/ nev] f9ds ?is out1 unless1 p]*ance1 he drops (f f ! railway 9 ord] to make acqua9tance ) t rem>kable ,roman temple to ,augu/us1 ( :i* he may h he>d4 ,!n he w le>n f ! habitants t by f> _! greate/ respect & pride are = _! anci5ne ,ca?drale de ,/4 ,maurice1 :i* sits boldly ^u a t]race dom9at+ ! c\rse ( ! riv] ,rhne4 ,9 _m respects ,/4 ,maurice de ,vi5ne w /rike ! /ud5t & lov] ( ar*itecture z be+ "o ( ! mo/ lively & appeal+ edifices ( its k9d4 ,! ,lomb>d orig9 ( _m ( its features is )\t "q2 notably ! delightful gall]y on ! nor? side1 ) its support+ columns ( _m grotesque %apes4 ,aga9 ! p>apet & t]race :i* prec$e ?is *ur*1 ! gr\nd-plan1 & "s ( ! elevations are pure ,lomb>d 9 motive4 ,!re are no transepts & no anci5t *apels at ! ea/]n t]m9ation2 ! w9d[s runn+ d[n to ! pavem5t4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 does n make = an appe>ance at all outr--q ! rev]se is ! case4 ,! g5]al effect ( ! entire int]nal di/ribution ( p>ts1 ) its f9e approa* f ! nave to ! sanctu>y & *oir1 is exce$+ly notable4 ,( ! rema9s ( ! edifice1 :i* 0 erect$ on ! f\ndations ( a /ill e>li] *ur*1 9 #ajeb 7recon/ruct$ 9 #aeae71 we h ^? ( ! primitive1 b ri*1 ornam5tation ( ! faade z ! mo/ int]e/+ & appeal+4 ,! nor? doorway1 too1 indicates 9 its curi\s bas-reliefs1 ( ! twelf? or ?irte5? c5turies1 a luxuriance :i* 9 ! nor?--9 ! ,romanesque *ur*es at lea/--came only ) lat] c5turies4 ,!re are few accessories ( note to be se5 9 ! *oir or *apels3 a pa9t+ ( ,/4 ,maurice by ,desg(fs1 a small quantity ( f\rte5?-c5tury glass1 ! mausoleum ( ,c>d9al de ,montmor91 a sixte5?-c5tury tomb1 &1 9 "o ( ! *apels1 "s mod]n glass ( m ?an usual brilliance4 ,! pulpit is notable1 &1 ) t 9 ,/4 ,jean de ,lyon1 ranks z "o ( ! mo/ elaborate 9 ,france4 ,= ! re/1 "o's admiration = ,/4 ,maurice de ,vi5ne mu/ re/ on ! glori\s antiquity ( ! city1 z a c5tre ( civiliz+ & ,*ri/ianiz+ influ5ce4 ,:5 ,pope ,pas*al ,,ii4 7#ajii-aaah7 confirm$ ! metropolitan privileges ( ,vi5ne1 & s5t ! pallium to its ar*bi%op1 he assign$ to him z suffragans ! bi%ops ( ,gr5oble1 ,val5ce1 ,di1 ,vivi]s1 ,g5eva1 & ,/4 ,jean de ,mauri5ne1 & conf]r$ ^u him ! honor>y (fice ( primate ov] ,mon/i]s 9 ,t>5taise4 ,/ill lat]1 ,calixtus ,,ii4 7#aaai-bd7 fav\r$ ! ar*bi%opric /ill fur!r by n only confirm+ ! privileges :i* _h gone be=e1 b inve/+ ! ar*bi%op ) ! /ill high] dignity ( ! (fice ( primate ov] ! sev5 ecclesia/ical ,prov9ces ( ,vi5ne1 ,b\rges1 ,bordeaux1 ,au*1 ,n>bonne1 ,aix1 & ,embrun4 ,illu/ration ,,vi ,,/4 ,,apoll9aire ,,de ,,val5ce ,val5ce1 ! ,val5tia ( ! ,romans1 is v>i\sly suppos$ to be situat$ 9 s\!a/]n ,france1 ,prov5ce1 & ! ,cev5nes4 ,= ?is reason x w be difficult = ! travell] to locate 8 guide-book ref]5ce !reto4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 locat$ 9 ! ,rhne valley on ! v banks ( t turgid riv]1 & x seems inexplicable t ! mak]s ( ! r$-cov]$ c\ri]s d n place x m def9itely2 p>ticul>ly 9 t x is hi/orically s important a c5tre4 ,! mo/ t c usually be g>n]$ by ! curi\s is t x is well built 9 p>ts1 & t ^? p>ts only are ( int]e/ to ! travell]4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 !y are no?+ ( ! sort2 & ! b\lev>ds1 ( :i* s mu* is made1 are really v insignificant2 s1 too1 are ! cafs & re/aurants1 to :i* f> m space is usually giv5 ?an to ! claim ( ,val5ce z an e>ly c5tre ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,val5ce is n a great c5tre ( population1 & is appeal+ by reason ( its *>m+ situation1 9 a sort ( amphi!atre1 be=e :i* runs ! swift-fl[+ ,rhne4 ,!re is no great squalor1 b !re is a picturesqu5ess & *>m :i* is :olly dispell$ 9 ! new] qu>t]s1 ( :i* ! guide-books speak4 ,!re is1 moreov]1 9 ! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,apoll9aire1 a small b highly int]e/+ ,romanesque-,auv]gnian ca!dral2 rebuilt & reconsecrat$ by ,urban ,,ii41 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 & aga9 recon/ruct$1 on an entirely new plan1 9 #afjd4 ,besides ?is curi\s *ur* !re is a ,prote/ant temple1 :i* occupies ! =m] *apel ( ! anci5t ,abbey ( ,/4 ,rufus1 t %\ld h a s+ul>ly appeal+ int]e/ = ,engli%-speak+ folk4 ,! prfecture occupies ano!r portion ( ! abbey1 :i* 9 its v>i\s dis9tegrat$ p>ts is wor?y ( m ?an pass+ consid]ation4 ,! bi%opric 0 f\nd$ "h at ,val5ce 9 ! f\r? c5tury--:5 ,emeli5 became ! fir/ bi%op4 ,! see endures to-day z a suffragan ( ,avignon2 :]eas =m]ly x ow$ ob$i5ce to ,vi5ne 7n[ ,lyon et ,vi5ne74 ,! anci5t ca!dral ( ,/4 ,apoll9aire is almo/ :olly conceiv$ & execut$ 9 :at has come to be kn[n z ! ,lomb>d /yle4 ,! ma9 body ( ! *ur* is prec$$ on ! we/ by an extravagant rectangul> t[]1 b5ea? :i* is ! portal or entrance2 if1 z 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 ! compreh5sive mean+ ( ! ^w sugge/s some?+ m spl5did ?an a m]e doorway4 ,!re has be5 rem>k$ be=e n[ t !re is a sugge/ion ( ! ,cor9?ian ord] 9 ! columns ( bo? ! inside & outside ( ! *ur*4 ,?is is a true en\gh detail ( ,lomb>d =ms z x 0 ( ! ,roman /yle1 :i* 9 turn 0 borr[$ f ! ,greeks4 ,9 lat] times ! neo-classical details ( ! late ,r5aissance p]iod produc$ q a diff]5t effect1 & 7 9 no way comp>able to ! use ( ?is detail 9 ! ,lomb>d & ,romanesque *ur*es4 ,9 ,/4 ,apoll9aire1 too1 are to be rem>k$ ! unusual ar* =m$ ( a r\nd$ trefoil4 ,?is is f\nd 9 bo? ! t[]s1 & is also se5 9 ,/4 ,maurice at ,vi5ne1 b n aga9 until ! c\ntry f> to ! nor?w>d & ea/w>d is rea*$1 :]e !y are m frequ5t1 !re=e _! use "h may be consid]$ simply z an int]polation br\ght f "s o!r soil1 r ?an an orig9al conception ( ! local build]4 ,"h also is se5 ! unusual comb9ation ( an angul> po9t$ ar* 9 conjunction ) ! r\nd-head$ ,lomb>d v>iety4 ,?is1 9 alt]nation = a consid]able space1 on ! s\? side ( ! ca!dral4 ,x is a feature p]haps n wor? m5tion+1 except f ! fact t bo? ! trefoil & w$ge-po9t$ ar* are s+ul>ly unbeautiful & little 9 keep+ ) an o!rwise purely s\!rn /ructure4 ,! aisles ( ,/4 ,apoll9aire1 l ^? ( ,notre ,dame de la ,gr&e at ,poiti]s1 & _m o!r ,lomb>dic *ur*es1 are s+ul>ly n>r[1 :i* ( c\rse appe>s to l5g!n !m out int]m9ably4 ,if any di/9ctive /yle c be giv5 ?is small b int]e/+ ca!dral1 x may well be call$ ! /yle ( ,lyonnaise4 ,x dates f ! twelf? c5tury z to its f\ndations1 b 0 rebuilt on practically a new gr\nd-plan 9 #afjd4 ,to-day x is cruci=m aft] ! late elongat$ /yle1 ) l5g?y transepts & l(ty aisles4 ,! *ief feature to be obs]v$ ( its ext]ior is its heavy squ>e t[] 7#ahg feet7 ( f\r /ories4 ,x is n beautiful1 & 0 rebuilt 9 ! middle n9ete5? c5tury1 b x is impos+ & gr\ps satisfactorily en\gh ) ! ensemble r\nd ab\t4 ,b5ea? ?is t[] is a f9e por* work$ 9 ,crussol m>ble4 ,!re is no tri=ium or cl]e/ory4 ,9 ! *oir is a c5otaph 9 :ite m>ble to ,pius ,,vi41 :o 0 exil$ 9 ,val5ce1 & :o di$ "h 9 #agii4 ,x is surm\nt$ by a bu/ by ,canova1 ^: "w x has become ! fa%ion to admire s$ul\sly4 ,,vii ,,ca?,,drale ,,de ,,vivi]s ,! bi%opric ( ,vivi]s is a suffragan ( ,avignon1 & is possess$ ( a t9y ca!dral *ur*1 :i*1 9 spite ( its dim9utive proportions1 ov]tops q all ! o!r build+s ( ?is anci5t capital ( ! ,viv>ais4 ,! city is a mo/ picturesque sett+ = any %r9e1 ) ! n>r[1 tortu\s /reets--?\gh slummy ones--w9d+ to ! cliff-top on :i* ! city sits high above ! wat]s ( ! ,rhne4 ,! *oir ( ?is ca!dral is ! only portion :i* w>rants rem>k4 ,x is ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & has no aisles4 ,x is 9 ! accept$ ,go?ic /yle1 b ?is aga9 is co]c$ by ! ,romanesque flank+ t[]1 :i*1 to all int5ts & purposes1 :5 view$ f af>1 might well be tak5 = a lat] ,r5aissance "w4 ,a ne>] view dissects ?is t[] into really beautiful p>ts4 ,! base is squ>e1 b above--9 an addition ( ! fifte5? c5tury--x blooms =? into an octagon ( q orig9al proportions4 ,9 ! *oir are "s ,gobel9 tape/ries & pa9t+s by ,mign>d2 o!rwise !re are no arti/ic attributes to be rem>k$4 ,,viii ,,notre ,,dame ,d',,orange ,! indep5d5t pr9cipality ( ,orange 7:i* _h exi/$ s9ce ! elev5? c5tury71 ) ! papal ,/ate ( ,avignon1 ! t9y ,comt ,v5aiss91 & a small "p ( ,prov5ce 7 weld$ into ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,vaucluse 9 ! r$i/ribution ( political divisions "u ,napoleon ,i4 ,! h\se ( ,nassau reta9s to-day ! honor>y title ( ,pr9ces ( ,orange1 borne by ! heir app>5t to ! ?rone ( ,holl&4 ,m anci5tly ! city 0 kn[n z ! ,roman ,arausio1 & is yet fam\s = its rem>kable ,roman rema9s1 ! *ief ( :i* are its triumphal ar* & !atre--"o ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ magnific5t1 if n actually ! l>ge/1 ( its era4 ,! hi/ory ( ! *ur* at ,orange is f> m int]e/+ & notable ?an t ( its r lame apology = a ca!dral ( rank4 ,! see succumb$ 9 #agij 9 fav\r ( ,avignon1 an ar*bi%opric1 & ,val5ce1 "o ( its suffragans4 ,! p]secution & oppression ( ! ,prote/ants ( ,orange & ,dauph9 are well-record$ facts ( hi/ory4 ,a suppos$ly lib]al & tol]ant mak] ( guide-books 79 ,engli%7 has giv5 inhabitants ( ,orange a h>d reputation by class+ !m z a f]oci\s p4 ,?is r unfair me?od ( e/imat+ _! latt]-day *>act]i/ics is bas$ ^u ! fact t ov] ?ree hundr$ p]i%$ "h by ! guillot9e dur+ ! fir/ ?ree mon?s ( ! ,revolution4 ,x 7 bett] _h he told u some?+ ( ! ar*itectural treasures ( ?is ville de l'art clbre4 ,he does m5tion ! *ief1 also t ! t[n has _m mosquitoes1 b1 z = *ur*es1 he says n a ^w4 ,! fir/ bi%op 0 ,/4 ,luce1 :o 0 settl$ "h 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 at ! same "t t ,/4 ,ruff came to ,avignon4 ,z a bi%opric1 ,orange 0 "u ! control ( ,/4 ,trophime's successors at ,arles4 ,notre ,dame d',orange is a "w ( little ar*itectural pret5ce1 ?\gh its antiquity is great z to c]ta9 portions ( its walls4 ,! olde/ portion dates f #ajhe1 ?\gh !re is little to di/+ui% x f ! m mod]n additions & rep>ations1 & is 9 no way sugge/ive ( ! spl5d\r ) :i* ! anci5t ,roman !atre & ar* 7 end[$4 ,! *ief attribute to be rem>k$ is ! extreme wid? ( nave1 :i* dates f #ajhe to #aabf4 ,! ca!dral itself1 h[ev]1 is n an ar*itectural example ( any appeal+ int]e/ :atev]1 & pales utt]ly be=e ! magnific5t & spl5did pres]vations ( secul> ,roman times4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 ,orange is a city rem9isc5t ( s e>ly a p]iod ( ,*ri/ianity z ! f\r? c5tury1 x is to be presum$ t o!r ,*ri/ian edifices ( note may h at "o "t exi/$3 if s1 no v vivid hi/ory ( !m appe>s to h be5 left beh9d1 & c]ta9ly no su* tangible expressions ( ! art ( *ur*-build+ z are se5 9 ! neighb\r+ cities ( ! ,rhne valley4 ,illu/ration ,,ix ,,/4 ,v,,ran ,,de ,,cavaillon ,x is ! pla9 ( ,cavaillon :i* is ! m>ket-g>d5 ( ,avignon2 f :5ce come ! panni]s ( vegetables & fruits1 ! buissons d'arti*auts1 & ! melons ( 'high reputation4' ,su* is ! r free p>aphrase ( a mo/ *>m+ly express$ obs]vation on ?is ,prov5al l& ( pl5ty1 writt5 by an eighte5?-c5tury ,fr5*man4 ,if x 0 true 9 ^? days1 x is no less true to-day1 &1 ?\gh ?is book is m conc]n$ ) *ur*es ?an ) potag]ie1 ! obs]vation is made t ?is fact may h _h n a little to d ) ! e>ly f\ndation ( ! *ur*1 "h 9 a pl5te\s region1 :]e x 0 m likely to prosp] ?an 9 an impov]i%$ l&4 ,! bi%opric 0 f\nd$ 9 ! fif? c5tury by ,/4 ,g5ialis1 & x endur$ con/antly until ! suppression 9 #agij4 ,all int]e/ 9 ,cavaillon1 9 spite ( its o!r n inconsid]able claims1 w be c5tr$ ar\nd its anci5t ca!dral ( ,/4 ,vran1 imm$iately "o comes into contact !re)4 ,! pres5t /ructure is built ^u a v anci5t f\ndation2 "s h said t ! primitive *ur* 0 ( ! sev5? c5tury4 ,?is pres5t ca!dral 0 consecrat$ by ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iv4 9 p]son1 9 #abei1 & = t reason possesses a consid]able int]e/ :i* x w\ld o!rwise lack4 ,ext]nally ! mo/ rem>kable feature is ! arrangem5t & decoration ( ! apside--!re is h>dly en\gh ( x to come )9 ! classification ( ! *evet4 ,"h ! qu9tuple flanks1 or su/a9+ walls1 are fram$ ea* ) a pair ( columns1 ( graceful en\gh proportions 9 !mselves1 b possess$ ( inord9ately heavy capitals4 ,an octagonal cupola1 an unusual1 & 9 ?is case a n v beautiful feature1 cr[ns ! c5tre ( ! nave4 ,9 reality x s]ves ! purpose ( a lant]n1 & all[s a dubi\s light to trickle ?r\gh into ! int]ior1 :i* is s+ul>ly gloomy4 ,to ! "r ( ! nave is a curi\sly att5uat$ clo*]1 :i* be>s a clock-face ( m9ute proportions1 & holds a clang+ b\rdon1 :i*1 judg+ f its voice1 mu/ be z proportionately l>ge z ! clock-face is small4 ,b5ea? ?is t[] is a doorway lead+ f ! nave to ! cloi/]1 a beautiful "w dat+ f a mu* e>li] p]iod ?an ! *ur* itself4 ,?is cloi/] is n unlike t ( ,/4 ,trophime at ,arles1 &1 :ile pla9 & simple 9 its g5]al plan ( r\nd$ ar*es & vault+1 is beautifully work$ 9 /one1 & admirably pres]v$4 ,9 spite ( its sev]ity1 !re is no sugge/ion ( crudity1 & !re is an elegance & ri*ness 9 its sculptur$ columns & capitals :i* is unusual 9 ecclesia/ical "w ( ! "t4 ,! int]ior ( ?is *ur* is q z int]e/+ z ! ext]ior4 ,!re is an ample1 ?\gh aisleless1 nave1 :i*1 ?\gh s+ul>ly d>k & gloomy1 sugge/s a va/ness :i* is p]haps really n ju/ifi$ by ! actual /ate ( affairs4 ,a v curi\s arrangem5t is t ! support+ wall-pill>s--9 ?is case a sort ( buttress1 l ^? ( ! apside--s]ve to frame or enclose a s]ies ( deep-vault$ side *apels4 ,! effect ( ?is is t all ( ! fl[ ( light1 :i* might ent] by ! l[] range ( w9d[s1 is practically cut (f f ! nave4 ,:at refulg5ce !re is--& x is n by any means ( ! dazzl+ v>iety--comes 9 ?r\gh ! be=e-m5tion$ octagon & ! upp] w9d[s ( ! nave4 ,9 a *apel--! gift ( ,philippe de ,cabassole1 a fri5d ( ,petr>*'s--is a fun]al monum5t :i* w ev5 m =cibly recall ! "n & association ( ! poet4 ,x is a sev5te5?-c5tury tomb ( ,bi%op ,jean de ,sade1 a desc5dant ( ! fam\s ,laura1 ^: a%es =m]ly lay 9 ! glise des ,cordeli]s at ,avignon1 b :i* 71 x is to be fe>$1 scatt]$ to ! w9ds by ! ,revolution>y fury4 ,at ! summit ( ,mont ,/4 ,jacques1 :i* rises high above ! t[n1 is ! anci5t ,ermitage de ,/4 ,vran2 a place ( local pilgrimage1 b n o!rwise greatly celebrat$4 ,x ,,notre ,,dame ,,des ,,doms ,d',,avignon ,x w\ld be difficult to say ) precision :e!r ,avignon 7 m closely connect$ 9 ! av]age m9d ) ! =m] papal spl5d\r1 ) ,petr>* & 8 ,laura1 or ) ! fam\s ,flibrage4 ,avignon lit]ally reeks ) s5tim5tal associations ( a mo/ heal?y k9d4 ,no probable l9e ( ?\ght sugge/$ by ,avignon's hi/ori$ & romantic pa/ w intimate ev5 ! mawki%1 ! sordid1 or ! banal4 ,x is1 9 almo/ limitless sugge/ion1 ! city ( ,france above all o!rs 9 :i* to l+] & dr9k 9 ! life ( its pa/ & pres5t to "o's fulle/ capacities4 ,= ! lit]>y pilgrim1 fir/ & =emo/ w be ,avignon's association ) ,petr>*1 or r he ) x4 ,= ?is reason x %all be dispos$ ( imm$iately1 ?\gh n 9 "o ^w1 or t52 t w\ld be impossible4 ,illu/ration3 ,notre ,dame des ,doms d',avignon ',! grave ( ,laura6' said ,i4 ',inde$1 my de> sir1 ,i am oblig$ to y = hav+ m5tion$ x1' 7 ! words ) :i* ! local booksell] 0 address$ by an eighte5?-c5tury travell]4 ',o!rwise "o might h gone away1 to _! ev]la/+ sorr[ & %ame1 )\t hav+ se5 ?is curiosity ( y\r city4' ,! same record ( travel describes ! gu>dian ( ?is %r9e z a conv]t$ ,jew1 :o1 f "o ye>'s end to ano!r1 has b two duties to p]=m1 :i* he mo/ punctually att5ds to4 ,! "o to take c>e ( ! grave ( ,laura1 & to %[ x to /rang]s1 ! o!r to give !m in=mation respect+ all ! curiosities4 ,be=e 8 conv]sion1 he /ood at ! corn] by ! ,htel de ,ville (f]+ lott]y tickets to pass]s-by1 & ask+1 till he 0 ho>se1 if !y _h any?+ to sell4 ,n a s\l took ! lea/ notice ( him4 ,8 be>d prov$ a detrim5t 9 all 8 speculations4 ,n[ t he has become a ,*ri/ian1 x is wond]ful h[ ev]y?+ ?rives ) him4 ,at ! v end ( ! ,rue des ,lices w be f\nd ! la/ rema9s ( ! glise des ,cordeli]s--r$uc$ at ! ,revolution to a m]e t[] & its walls4 ,"h may be se5 ! spot :]e 0 ! tomb ( ,laura de ,sade4 ,ar?ur ,"y1 writ+ j be=e ! ,revolution1 describ$ x z bel[2 ?\gh s9ce t "t /ill o!r *anges h tak5 place1 ) ! result t ,laura's ,grave is little m ?an a memory to-day1 & a vague "o at t4 ,! grave is no?+ b a /one 9 ! pavem5t1 ) a figure engrav$ on x already p>tly effac$1 surr\nd$ by an inscription 9 ,go?ic lett]s1 & ano!r on ! wall adjo9+1 ) ! armorial be>+s ( ! ,de ,sade family4 ,to-day no?+ b ! site--! location--( ! tomb is /ill !re1 ! be=e-m5tion$ details hav+ entirely disappe>$4 ,! vault 0 app>5tly brok5 op5 at ! ,revolution1 & its a%es scatt]$4 ,x 0 "h at ,avignon1 9 ! glise de ,/4 ,claire1 z ,petr>* himself has record$1 t he fir/ met ,laura de ,sade4 ,! pres5t mood is an appropriate "o 9 :i* to cont9ue ! ,petr>*ian pilgrimage c\ntryw>d--to ! fam\s ,vaucluse4 ,"h ,petr>* came z a boy1 9 #acac1 &1 if "o *ooses1 he may h 8 djeun] at ! ,htel ,ptr>que et ,laure2 n ! same1 ( c\rse1 ( :i* ,petr>* wrote 9 praise ( its fi% ( ,sorgues2 b y w h !m z a c\rse at lun* nev]!less4 ,"h1 too1 ! fam$ ,fonta9e fir/ comes to light & air2 & above x hangs ,petr>*'s ,ca/le1 :i* is n ,petr>*'s ca/le1 nor ev] 04 ,x belong$ orig9ally to ! bi%ops ( ,cavaillon1 b x is possible t ,petr>* 0 a gue/ !re at v>i\s times1 z we "k he 0 at ! m magnific5t ,palais des ,papes at ,avignon4 ,?is *teau ( ! bi%ops hangs p]il\sly on a br[ :i* rises high above ! torr5tial ,fonta9e1 &1 if s5tim5t w n all[ ( its be+ o!rwise ignor$1 x is p]missible to visit x1 if "o is s incl9$4 ,no special h>d%ip is involv$1 & no great adv5ture is likely to result f ?is j\rney c\ntryw>d4 ,t\ri/s h be5 kn[n to d ! ?+ be=e j to get a few snap%ots ( ! f\nta94 ,z to :y ! palace ( ! popes came into be+ at ,avignon is a "q :i* sugge/s ! possibilities ( ! mak+ ( a big book4 ,! popes came to ,avignon at ! "t ( ! ,italian p>tition1 on ! /r5g? ( hav+ acquir$ a grant ( ! city f ,joanna ( ,naples1 = :i* !y 7 suppos$ to give eighty ?\s& gold5 cr[ns4 ,!y nev] paid ! bill1 h[ev]2 f :i* fact x w\ld appe> t f9ancial juggl+ 0 born at a mu* e>li] p]iod ?an has hi!rto be5 suppos$4 ,sev5 popes reign$ "h1 f #acje to #acgj2 :51 on ! t]m9ation ( ! ,s*ism1 x became ! resid5ce ( a papal legate4 ,subsequ5tly ,l\is ,,xiv4 seiz$ ! city1 9 rev5ge = an alleg$ affront to 8 ambassador1 & ,l\is ,,xv4 also held x = t5 ye>s4 ,! curi\s fact is "h recall$ t1 by ! treaty ( ,tol5t9o 7#ab? ,febru>y1 #agig71 ! papal p[] at ,rome conc$$ =mally = ! fir/ "t--to ,napoleon ,i4--_! anci5t t]ritory ( ,avignon4 ,on ! t]ms ( ?is treaty alone 0 ,pope ,pius all[$ to rema9 nom9al ma/] ( ev5 %r$s ( ! patrimony ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,! significant ev5ts ( ,avignon's hi/ory are too great 9 purport & numb] to be ev5 catalogu$ "h1 b ! magnific5t papal resid5ce1 f its v magnitude & luxuriance1 compels att5tion z "o ( ! great ar*itectural glories1 n only ( ,france1 b ( all ,europe z well4 ,"h sat1 = ! major portion ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ! papal c\rt ( ,avignon2 :i* ! un*>itable h call$ a synonym = pr(ligacy1 v5iality1 & luxuri\s deg5]acy4 ,"h1 ( c\rse1 7 held ! conclaves by :i* ! popes ( t c5tury 7 elect$2 significantly !y 7 all ,fr5*m51 :i* w\ld seem to po9t to ! fact ( corruption ( "s sort1 if no?+ m4 ,ri5zi1 ! la/ ( ! tribunes1 0 a prison] )9 ! walls ( ?is great papal /ronghold1 & ,simone ,memmi ( ,si5na 0 br\ght !refrom to decorate ! walls ( ! popes' private *apel2 ,petr>* 0 p]sona grata "h1 & _m o!r notables 7 frequ5t]s ( its hospitality4 ,! palace walls rise to a height ( ne>ly n9ety feet1 & its battlem5t$ t[]s add ano!r fifty2 f :i* "o may inf] t its /ability 0 great2 an effect :i* is /ill fur!r su/a9$ :5 ! great ?ickness ( its su/a9+ walls is rem>k$1 & ! infrequ5t pi]c+s ( w9d[s & doorways4 ,?is va/ edifice 0 comm5c$ by ,pope ,clem5t ,v4 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 b no?+ m ?an ! f\ndations ( 8 "w 7 left1 :5 ,b5$ict ,,xii41 ?irty ye>s lat]1 gave ! "w into ! h&s ( ,pet] ,obr]i--:o mu/ h be5 ! ,viollet-le-,duc ( 8 "t4 ,revolution's de/roy+ p[] play$ its "p "h1 z g5]ally ?r\gh\t ,france1 9 defac+ %r9es1 monum5ts1 & edifices1 civil & ecclesia/ical1 ) little reg>d = s5tim5t & absolutely none = reason4 ,! mob attack$ ! papal palace ) results m disa/r\s ?an ! accumulat$ debasem5t ( prec$+ c5turies4 ,! lat] rgime1 :i* turn$ ! magnific5t halls ( ?is =tress-l palace into a m]e b>racks--z x is to-day--0 q z iconocla/ic 9 its temp]am5t4 ,"o may realize "h1 to ! full1 j h[ f> a great & noble a*ievem5t ( ! art & devotion ( a pa/ age may s9k4 ,! anci5t papal palace at ,avignon--! =m] seat ( ! p[] ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic religion--has become a m]e b>racks6 ,to contemplate x is m sad ev5 ?an to see a great *ur* turn$ into a /able or an abattoir--z c yet be se5 9 ,france4 ,9 its plan ?is magnific5t build+ pres]ves its outl9es1 b its spl5d\r ( embelli%m5t has v ne>ly be5 eradicat$1 z may be obs]v$ if "o w crave entrance ( ! milit>y incumb5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,vill5euve-4 les-,,avignon ,9 #acgf ,pope ,gregory ,,xi4 left ,avignon = ,rome1--aft] him came ! two anti-popes1--& ?us end$ :at ,petr>* has call$ ,l',empia ,babilonia4 ,! ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame des ,doms pales p]ceptibly be=e ! spl5did dim5sions ( ! papal palace1 :i* =m]ly encompass$ a *ur* ( its own ( mu* m arti/ic wor?4 ,9 "o respect only does ! ca!dral l5d a desirable note to ! ensemble4 ,?is1 by reason ( its comm&+ situation--at ! apex ( ! ,ro*] des ,doms--& by ! gild$ /atue ( ! ,virg9 :i* surm\nts ! t[]1 & supplies j ! "r quality ( col\r & life to a /ructure :i* w\ld be o!rwise f> f brilliant4 ,f ! opposite bank ( ! ,rhne--f ,vill5euve-les-,avignon--! view ( ! p>5t city1 ! papal resid5ce1 ! ca!dral1 & t unusual s\!rn attribute1 ! beffroi1 all comb9e 9 a mo/ glori\s picture ( a sup]b beauty2 q rivall+--?\gh 9 a f> diff]5t mann]--t plague spot ( immorality1--,monte ,c>lo1 :i* is mo/ly ?\ght to hold ! palm = ! %e] beauty ( natural situation4 ,! ca!dral is *iefly ( ! twelf? c5tury1 ?\gh ev5 a ne>-by ext]ior view does n sugge/ any ( ! ,go?ic t5d5cies ( t era4 ,x is m l ! heavy bungl+ /yle :i* came 9 ) ! ,r5aissance2 b x is n t ei!r1 h5ce x mu/ be class$ z a unique v>iety1 ?\gh ( ! p]iod :5 ! transition f ! ,romanesque to ,go?ic 0 mak+ inroads else:]e4 ,x has be5 said t ! /ructure dates 9 "p f ! "t ( ,*>lemagne1 b1 if s1 ! usual spl5did appo9tm5ts ( ! true ,*>lemagnian mann] are sadly lack+4 ,!re may be con/ructive f\ndations ( ! elev5? c5tury1 b !y are 9 no way di/9ctive1 & c]ta9ly l5d no livel9ess to a build+ :i* mu/ ev] be rank$ z unwor?y ( ! spl5did environm5t4 ,z a *ur* ( ca!dral rank1 x is a t9y edifice :5 comp>$ ) ! glori\s nor!rn gr\nd-plans3 x is n mu* m ?an two hundr$ feet 9 l5g?1 & has a wid? :i* mu/ be consid]ably less ?an fifty feet4 ,! entrance1 at ! top ( a long1 w9d+ /air :i* rises f ! /reet-level ( ! ,place du ,palais to ! plat=m ( ! rock1 is ess5tially pagan 9 its aspect2 inde$ x is said to h previ\sly =m$ ! portal ( a pagan temple :i* at "o "t /ood ^u ! site4 ,if ?is be s1 ?is great doorway--= x is f> l>g] 9 its proportions ?an any o!r detail--is ! mo/ anci5t ( all ! int]ior or ext]ior features4 ,! high p$im5t & ro( may be po9t$ ,go?ic1 or x may n2 at any rate1 x is 9 b ! v rudim5t>y /age4 ,au?orities d n agree2 :i* c>ries ! sugge/ion /ill fur!r t ! ca!dral at ,avignon is ( itself a que]1 hybrid ?+ 9 its /yle1 & ) n a ti! ( ! int]e/ possess$ by its m magnific5t neighb\r4 ,! we/]n t[]1 :ile n ( great proportions1 is r m massive ?an ! proportions ( ! *ur* body c well c>ry4 ,:at decoration x possesses c>ries ! pagan sugge/ion /ill fur!r1 ) its sup]impos$ flut$ pill>s & ,cor9?ian columns4 ,! gloomy int]ior is depress+ 9 ! extreme1 & :atev] attributes ( int]e/ t x has are l>gely disc\nt$ by _! unattractive sett+4 ,!re are a numb] ( old pa9t+s1 :i*1 ?\gh !y are n ! "w ( arti/s ( fame1 might possibly prove to be ( cr$itable workman%ip1 c\ld "o b see !m ?r\gh ! gloom4 ,9 ! be=e-m5tion$ por* are "s frescoes by ,simone ,memmi1 execut$ by him 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 :5 he came f ,si5na to d ! decorations 9 ! palace4 ,! side *apels are all ( ! f\rte5? c5tury2 t ( ,/4 ,joseph1 n[ =m+ ! ante*amb] ( ! sacri/y1 conta9s a notewor?y ,go?ic tomb & monum5t ( ,pope ,john ,,xxii4 ,x is mu* mutilat$ to-day1 & is only int]e/+ because ( ! p]sonality connect$ !re)4 ,! cu/odian or c>etak] is 9 ?is case a mo/ p]si/5tly voluble p]son1 :o w give ! visitor little peace unless he /&s by & he>s h] /ory ?r\gh1 or flees ! place1--:i* is pref]able4 ,! ni*es ( ?is highly florid ,go?ic tomb 7 despoil$ ( _! /atues at ! ,revolution1 & ! recumb5t effigy ( ! ,pope has be5 greatly disfigur$4 ,a mu* simpl] monum5t1 & "o q z int]e/+1 to ano!r ,pope1 ,b5$ict ,,xii41--he :o 0 responsible = ! magnific5ce ( ! papal palace1--is 9 a *apel 9 ! nor? aisle ( ! nave1 b ! cic]one has app>5tly no pride 9 ?is p>ticul> %r9e4 ,an anci5t 7pagan87 alt> is pres]v$ 9 ! nave4 ,x is n beautiful1 b x is und\bt$ly v anci5t & likewise v curi\s4 ,! *ief accessory ( int]e/ = all w d\btless prove to be ! twelf?-c5tury papal ?rone4 ,x is ( a pure :ite m>ble1 r cold to contemplate1 b liv5$ "h & !re ) sup]impos$ gold ornam5t4 ,:at decoration !re is1 *iefly figures repres5t+ ! bull ( ,/4 ,luke & ! lion ( ,/4 ,m>k1 is simple & sev]e1 z befitt$ papal dignity4 ,to-day x s]ves ! ar*bi%op ( ! diocese z 8 ?rone ( dignity1 & mu/ inspire t wor?y ) ambiti\s hopes4 ,! *apt] ( ! ca!dral at ,avignon--z we le>n f hi/ory--we>s purple1 9 company ) c>d9als & k+s1 at all celebrations ( ! ,high ,mass ( ,cl>a de ,falk5/e94 ,f a well-worn vellum qu>to 9 ! libr>y at ,avignon "o may read ! leg5d :i* rec\nts ! connection ( ,/e4 ,cl>a de ,mont ,falcone ) ! my/]y ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity2 f :i* circum/ance ! hon\r & dignity ( ! purple has be5 grant$ to ! prelates ( ! ca!dral4 ,no m5tion ( ,avignon1 or ( ,arles1 or ( ,nmes c\ld well be made )\t a ref]5ce to ! revival ( ,prov5al lit]ature br\ght ab\t by ! fam\s ,flibrage1 t bro!rhood f\nd$ by sev5 poets1 ( :om ,fr$]ic ,mi/ral is ! mo/ popul>ly kn[n4 ,! subject is too va/1 & too va/ly int]e/+ to be slight$ "h1 s p]=ce m]e m5tion mu/ suffice4 ,! ^w ,flibre 0 sugge/$ by ,mi/ral1 :o f\nd x 9 an old hymn4 ,its etymology is unc]ta91 b possibly x is f ! ,greek1 mean+ a lov] ( ! beautiful4 ,! orig9al numb] ( ! ,flibres 0 sev51 & !y fir/ met on ! fte-day ( ,/e4 ,e/elle2 9 ^: hon\r !y adopt$ ! sev5-po9t$ /> z _! emblem4 ,significantly1 ! numb] sev5 has mu* to d ) ! ,flibres & ,avignon alike4 ,! en?usia/ic ,flibre tells ( ,avignon's sev5 *ur*es1 its sev5 gates1 sev5 colleges1 sev5 hospitals1 & sev5 popes--:o reign$ at ,avignon = sev5 decades2 & fur!r t ! ^w ,flibre has sev5 lett]s1 z1 also1 has ! "n ( ,mi/ral1 "o ( its sev5 f\nd]s--:o took sev5 ye>s 9 writ+ 8 epics4 ,illu/ration3 ,,notre ,,dame des ,,doms d',,avignon ,! ma*icolat$ walls1 t[]s1 & gateways ( ,avignon1 :i* protect$ ! city 9 m$ival times1 &--hi/ory tells u--%elt]$ twice z _m s\ls z n[1 are 9 a rem>kable /ate ( pres]vation & complet5ess1 & rank =emo/ among ! ma/]works ( =tification ( _! "t4 ,?is out] wall1 or ence9te1 0 built at ! in/igation ( ,clem5t ,,vi41 9 #acdi1 & 0 ! "w ( b f\rte5 ye>s4 ,a hide\sly decorat$ build+ opposite ! papal palace--n[ ! ,cons]vatoire de ,musique--0 =m]ly ! papal m9t4 ,! ru9$ bridge ( ,/4 ,bnezet1 built 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 is a rem>kable example ( ! eng9e]+ skill ( ! "t4 ,surm\nt+ ! f\r rema9+ ar*es--/ill p]fect z to _! configuration--is a t9y *apel d$icat$ to ,/4 ,ni*olas1 :i* =m]ly conta9$ reliques ( ,/4 ,bnezet4 ,! extraord9>y circum/ance :i* l$ up to ! build+ ( ?is bridge seems leg5d>y1 to say ! lea/4 ,x is record$ t ,/4 ,bnezet1 its f\nd]1 :o 0 a m]e %eph]d1 became inspir$ by ,god to und]take ?is great "w4 ,! inspiration mu/ likewise h br\ght ) x n a little ( ! uncommon skill ( ! bridge-build]1 &1 consid]+ ! ext5t & scope ( ! project$ "w1 some?+ ( ! _s ( b5efaction z well4 ,! f\ndation 0 laid 9 #aaga1 & x 0 complet$1 aft] sev5te5 ye>s ( lab\r1 9 #aahh4 ,on ?is bridge1 ne> ! entrance to ! city1 0 erect$ a hospital ( religi\s p]sons1 :o 7 d5om9at$ ,les ,frres du ,pont1 _! (fices be+ to pres]ve ! fabric1 & to af=d succ\r to all mann] ( travell]s4 ,! boldness & utility ( ?is und]tak+1--x be+ ! only means ( communication betwe5 ,avignon & ! ,fr5* t]ritory beyond ! ,rhne1--z well z ! p]man5cy assur$ to x by ! annex+ ( a religi\s f\ndation1 _c fail to grant to ! memory ( its holy f\nd] some?+ m ?an a due %>e ( v5]ation on behalf ( 8 g5ius & p]spicacity4 ,,xi ,,/4 ,,siffre9 ,,de ,,c>p5tras ,! t9y city ( ,c>p5tras1 mo/ picturesquely situat$ on ! equally dim9utive riv] ,auzon :i* ent]s ! ,rhne betwe5 ,orange & ,avignon1 0 a ,roman colony "u ,augu/us1 & a bi%opric "u ,/4 ,val5t9 9 ! ?ird c5tury4 ,a suffragan ( ,avignon1 ! papal city1 ! see 0 suppress$ 9 #agij4 ,! ,bi%ops ( ,c>p5tras1 x w\ld appe>1 7 a romantic & luxury-lov+ l9e ( prelates1 ?\gh ?is p]haps is aught aga9/ _! m dev\t virtues4 ,!y _h a magnific5t palace ov]hang+ ! fam\s ,f\nta9 ( ,vaucluse1 & repair$ ?i!r 9 m$ival times = ! relaxation :i* !y evid5tly mu* appreciat$4 ,!y mu/ h be5 v]itable patrons ( lit]ature & ! arts1 z ,petr>* & 8 fell[s-9-art 7 frequ5tly ( _! h\sehold4 ,! anci5t ca!dral ( ,/4 ,siffre9 is d$icat$ to a =m] bi%op ( ,c>p5tras1 :o di$ 9 ! six? c5tury4 ,z ?is *ur* n[ /&s1 its /ones are ma9ly ( ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury4 ,! we/ faade is entirely )\t "*1 & is pi]c$ at ! pavem5t ) a gross c5tral doorway flank$ by two o!rs2 poor copies ( ! ,greco-,roma9 /yle1 :i*1 9 _m ( its orig9al =ms1 0 c]ta9ly m pleas+ ?an "h4 ,ea* ( ^! small] doorways h = _! jambs two beautifully ton$ columns ( r$ jasp]1 f a bapti/re ( :i* !re are /ill ext5sive rema9s at ,v5asque ne> by4 ,?is bapti/re1 by ! way1 & its neighb\r+ ,romanesque & ,go?ic *ur*1 is q wor? ! en]gy ( mak+ ! j\rney c\ntryw>d1 elev5 kilometres f ,c>p5tras1 to see4 ,x is nom9ally ( ! t5? c5tury1 b is built up f fragm5ts ( a =m] ,temple to ,v5us1 & its situation amid ! rocks & tree-clad hilltops ( ! ,nesque valley is mo/ agreeable4 ,! portal on ! s\? side--?\gh1 = a fact1 x h>dly m]its ! dignity ( su* a classification--is mo/ ornately sculptur$4 ,a figure ( ! ,virg91 9 ! doorway1 x locally kn[n z ,notre ,dame des ,neiges4 ,mu* iconographic symbolism is to be f\nd 9 ?is doorway1 capable ( v>i\s plausible explanations :i* %all n be attempt$ "h4 ,x mu/ suffice to say t n[h]e 9 ?is neighb\rhood1 inde$ possibly n s\? ( ! ,loire1 is s v>i$ & elaborate a collection ( symbolical /one-c>v+ to be se54 ,!re is no regul>ly complet$ t[] to ,/4 ,siffre91 b a /ill una*iev$ t5?-c5tury clo*] 9 embryo atta*es itself on ! s\?4 ,! int]ior pres5ts ! g5]al effect ( ,go?ic1 &1 ?\gh ( late con/ruction1 is r ( ! primitive ord]4 ,!re are no aisles1 b "o s+le nave1 v wide & v high1 :ile ! apse is v n>r[1 ) lat]al *apels4 ,aga9/ ! we/]n wall are plac$ f\r pa9t+s2 n wor?y ( rem>k1 p]haps1 except = _! great size4 ,!y are ( ! sev5te5? or eighte5? c5tury4 ,a private corridor1 or gall]y1 leads f ?is end ( ! *ur* to ! episcopal palace1 presumably = ! sole use ( ! bi%ops & _! gue/s4 ,! ?ird *apel on ! "r is pr(usely decorat$ & conta9s a valuable pa9t+ by ,dom9ique de ,c>ton4 ,ano!r conta9s a /atue ( ! ,virg91 ( ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 & is v beautiful4 ,a tomb ( ,bi%op ,laur5t ,buti 7d4 #agaj7 is set aga9/ ! wall1 :]e ! apse adjo9s ! nave4 ,re>w>d on ! high-alt> is a f9e pa9t+ by an unkn[n arti/ ( ! ,italian s*ool4 ,! old-"t ca!dral ( ,/4 ,siffre9 0 pla9ly n ( ! pov]ty-/rick5 class1 z ev9c$ by ! v>i\s accessories & details ( ornam5tation m5tion$ above4 ,x _h1 moreov]1 9 conjunction ) x1 a mo/ magnific5t & truly palatial episcopal resid5ce1 built by a =m] c>d9al-bi%op1 ,alex&ri ,bi*i1 9 #afdj4 ,to-day x s]ves ! functions ( ! ,palais de ,ju/ice & a prison2 9 ! latt] in/ance c]ta9ly a fall f its hi!rto high e/ate4 ,built ab\t by ?is anci5t resid5ce ( ! prelates ( ! ,*ur* is also yet to be se51 9 mu* if n q all ( its pri/9e glory1 a ,gallo-,roma9 arc de ,triomphe ( consid]able proportions & mu* beauty ( outl9e & ornam5t4 ,z to p]iod1 ,prosp] ,mrime1 to :om ! pres]vation ( ! anci5t monum5ts ( ,france is l>gely due1 has said t x is contempor>y ) its compe] at ,orange 7fir/ or second c5tury74 ,! ,porte d',orange1 9 ! ,gr&e ,rue1 is ! only relique left at ,c>p5tras ( ! anci5t city ramp>ts built 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury by ,pope ,innoc5t ,,vi4 ,,xii ,,ca?,,drale ,,de ,,vaison ,! ,prov5al t[n ( ,vaison1 l ,c>p5tras & ,cavaillon1 is really ( ! bas9 ( ! ,rhne1 r ?an ( ! region ( ! sn[-cr[n$ ,alps :i* =m its backgr\nd4 ,x is ( little int]e/ to-day z a ca!dral city1 ?\gh ! see dates f a f\ndation ( ! f\r? c5tury1 by ,/4 ,aub91 until ! suppression ( #agij4 ,its =m] ca!dral is h>dly ! equal ( _m o!rs :i* h support$ episcopal dignity1 b x has a few accessories & attributes :i* make x notable4 ,its nave is f9ely vault$1 & !re is an elev5?-c5tury cloi/]1 :i* flanks ! ma9 body ( ! *ur* on ! left1 :i* w\ld be rem>k$ "u any circum/ances4 ,! cloi/]1 ?\gh practically a ru91--b a well pres]v$ "o1--%[s 9 its con/ruction _m beautiful ,gallo-,roma9 & e>ly ,go?ic columns :i* are exce$+ly beautiful 9 _! proportions4 ,9 ?is cloi/]1 also1 are "s fragm5ts ( e>ly ,*ri/ian tombs1 :i* w (f] unlimit$ sugge/ion to ! ar*ologi/1 b :i* to ! lov] ( art & ar*itecture are q unappeal+4 ,! glise ,/4 ,qu99 is a conglom]ate edifice :i* has be5 built up1 9 "p1 f a =m] *ur* :i* /ood on ! same site 9 ! sev5? c5tury4 ,x is by no means a great ar*itectural a*ievem5t z x /&s to-day1 b is highly int]e/+ because ( its antiquity4 ,9 ! ca!dral ! *ief article ( real arti/ic value is a bniti]1 made f ! capital ( a luxuri\s ,cor9?ian column4 ,"o has se5 sun-dials & dr9k+-f\nta9s made f p$e/als & s>cophagi be=e--& ! effect has n be5 pleas+1 & smacks n only ( v&alism1 b ( a debas$ ideal ( art1 b ?is column-top1 :i* has be5 trans=m$ into a bniti]1 _c be despis$4 ,! bte-noir ( all ?is region1 & ( ,vaison 9 p>ticul>1--if "o is to believe local s5tim5t1--is ! high sweep+ w9d1 :i* at c]ta9 seasons bl[s 9 a tempe/u\s mann]4 ,! habitant us$ to say t le mi/ral1 le ,p>lem5t1 et ,durance sont les trois flaux de ,prov5ce4 ,illu/ration ,,xiii ,,/4 ,,trophime ,d',,arles ,9 all ! _w t :i* int]e/s me mo/ is ,la ,fleur des ',glais' 444 ,x is a f9e plant4444 ,x is ! same z ! ,fleurs des ,lis d',or ( ! arms ( ,france & ( ,prov5ce4 --,,fr$]ic ,,mi/ral4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,trophime d',,arles 444 ,two ,fr5* writ]s ( repute h rec5tly express$ _! admiration ( ! m>vell\s c\ntry1 & ! contigu\s cities1 ly+ ab\t ! m\? ( ! ,rhne2 among :i* are ,nmes1 ,aigues-,mortes1 &--( f> great] int]e/ & *>m--,arles4 ,_! op9ions1 p]haps1 d n diff] v greatly f ^? ( mo/ travell]s1 b bo? ,madame ,duclaux1 9 ,! ,fields ( ,france1 & ,r5 ,baz91 9 8 ,rcits de la ,pla9e et de la ,montagne1 give no palm1 "o to ! o!r1 ) respect to _! feel+ = ! my/]i\s *>m ( ,arles4 ,x is significant t 9 ?is region1 f ,vi5ne on ! nor? to ,arles & ,nmes 9 ! s\?1 are f\nd su* a rem>kable s]ies ( ,roman rema9s z to w>rant ! /atem5t by a ,fr5* antiqu>ian t 9 ,rome itself are no su* temples z at ,vi5ne & ,nmes1 no !atres s spl5didly pres]v$ z t at ,orange1--nor s l>ge z t ( ,arles1--& t ! magnific5t ru9$ colosseum on ! ,tib] 9 no wise has ! p]fections ( its compe] at ,nmes1 nor has any triumphal ar* ! spl5did decorations ( t at ,reims 9 ! *ampagne c\ntry4 ,) ^! facts 9 view x is well to recall t _m non-,*ri/ian influ5ces ass]t$ !mselves f "t to "t1 & ov]%ad[$ = a tempor>y p]iod ^? :i* 7 m closely id5tifi$ ) ! gr[? ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,commission des ,monum5ts ,hi/oriques catalogue sixte5 notable monum5ts 9 ,arles :i* are c>$ = by !m3 ! ,amphi!atre1 ! rema9s ( ! ,=um1--n[ built into ! faade ( ! ,htel du ,nord1--! rema9s ( ! ,palais de ,con/ant91 ! ,abbey ( ,montmaj\r1 & ! "o-"t ca!dral ( ,/4 ,trophime1 & its cloi/]--to p>ticul>ize b a few4 ,to-day1 z anci5tly1 ! ecclesia/ical prov9ce is kn[n z t ( ,aix1 ,arles1 & ,embrun4 ,arles1 h[ev]1 = a "t took its place z an ar*bi%opric1 ?\gh to-day x jo9s h&s aga9 ) ,aix & ,embrun2 ?us1 :ile enjoy+ ! di/9ction ( be+ rank$ z an ar*bi%opric1 its episcopal resid5ce is at ,aix4 ,x 0 at ,arles t ! fir/1 & only1 ,engli% pope--,adrian ,breakspe>e--fir/ ent]$ a mona/ic community1 aft] hav+ be5 refus$ admission to ! great e/abli%m5t at ,/4 ,albans 9 ,h]t=d%ire1 8 native place4 ,"h1 by ! utmo/ dilig5ce1 he acquir$ ! f\ndation ( t great le>n+ :i* result$ 9 8 be+ s sudd5ly proclaim$ ! we>] ( ! ti>a1 9 #aaed4 ,/4 ,trophime came to ,arles 9 ! fir/ c5tury1 & became ! fir/ bi%op ( ! diocese4 ,! fir/ *ur* edifice on ?is site 0 consecrat$ 9 #fjf by ,/4 ,virgil1 "u ! vocable ( ,/4 ,eti5ne4 ,9 #aaeb ! pres5t *ur* 0 built ov] ! rema9s ( ,/4 ,trophime1 :i* 7 br\ght ?i!r f ,/4 ,honorat des ,alyscamps4 ,s f> z ! ma9 body ( ! *ur* is conc]n$1 x 0 complet$ by ! end ( ! twelf? c5tury1 & only 9 its int]ior is %[n ! developm5t ( ! e>ly ogival /yle4 ,! /ructure 0 add$ to 9 #adcj1 :5 ! ,go?ic *oir 0 ext5d$ ea/w>d4 ,! aisles are dim9utively n>r[1 & ! w9d[ pi]c+s ?r\gh\t are exce$+ly small2 all ( :i* makes = a lack ( brilliancy & gloom1 :i* may be lik5$ to ! av]age crypt4 ,! only radiance :i* ev] p5etrates ?is gloomy int]ior comes at high noon1 :5 ! refulg5ce ( a ,m$it]ranean sun glances ?r\gh a s]ies ( long lancets1 & ca/s ^? purple %ad[s :i* arti/s love4 ,!n1 & !n only1 does ! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,trophime (f] any inducem5t to l+] )9 its non-impressive walls4 ,! ext]ior view is1 too1 dull & gloomy--:at !re is ( x to be se5 f ! ,place ,royale4 ,by f> ! mo/ lively view is t obta9$ f across ! ru9s ( ! magnific5t ,roman !atre j at ! re>4 ,"h ! "t-resi/+ qualities ( secul> ,roman build+s comb9e ) ! ca!dral to pres5t a bright1 sunny1 & appeal+ picture inde$4 ,/4 ,trophime is 9 no s5se an unwor?y ar*itectural expression4 ,z a ,prov5al type ( ! ,romanesque1--:i* x is mo/ly1--x mu/ be judg$ z q ap>t f ! ,go?ic :i* has crept 9 to b a slight ext5t4 ,! we/]n portal is v beautiful1 &1 ) cloi/]1 z int]e/+ & elaborate z "o c\ld wi%4 ,x is ! g5]ality ( an unimpos+ plan1 a none too graceful t[] & its un9t]e/+ int]ior1 t qualifies ! ri*ness ( its m luxuri\s details4 ,! portal ( ! we/ faade greatly resembles ano!r at ,/4 ,gilles1 ne> by4 ,x is a pr(usely ornam5t$ doorway ) ri*ly foliag$ /one c>v+ & elaborate bas-reliefs4 ,! tympanum ( ! doorway conta9s ! figure ( a bi%op 9 sac]dotal co/ume1 d\btless ,/4 ,trophime1 flank$ by w+$ angels & lions4 ,! sculptures "h date p]haps f ! p]iod contempor>y ) ! be/ "w at ,p>is & ,*>tres1--well on into ! ,middle ,ages1--:5 sculpture _h n develop$ or p]fect$ its /yle1 b 0 r a bad copy ( ! antique4 ,?is w be notably app>5t :5 ! /iffness & crud5ess ( ! proportions ( ! figures are tak5 into consid]ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,cloi/]s1 ,/4 ,trophime d',arles ,! wond]ful cloi/] ( ,/4 ,trophime is1 on ! ea/ side1 ( ,romanesque workman%ip1 ) b>rel vault+1 & dates f #aabj4 ,on ! we/ x is ( ! transition /yle ( a c5tury lat]1 :ile on ! nor? ! vault+ spr+s boldly into ! ,go?ic ( t p]iod--well on t[>d #adjj4 ,! capitals ( ! pill>s ( ?is cloi/]$ c\rty>d are mo/ div]se1 & picture 9 delicately c>v$ /one su* sc5es ( ,bible hi/ory & leg5d z ! unbelief ( ,/4 ,?omas1 ,/e4 ,m>! & ! ,t>asque1 etc4 ,x is a curi\s mlange ( ! vag>ies ( ! /one c>v] ( ! ,middle ,ages1--^! curi\sly & elaborately c>v$ capitals1--b on ! :ole ! ensemble is "o ( r>e beauty1 9 spite ( non-,*ri/ian & pagan accessories4 ,^! %[ at lea/ h[ f> sup]ior ! classical "w ( t "t 0 to ! lat] ,r5aissance4 ,! cemet]y ( ,arles1 locally kn[n z ,les ,alyscamps1 lit]ally teems ) m$ival & anci5t fun]al monum5ts2 ?\gh _m1 ( c\rse1 h be5 remov$1 & _m h suff]$ ! ravages ( "t1 to say no?+ ( ! ,revolution>y p]iod4 ,"o portion 0 ! old pagan burial-gr\nd1 & ano!r--m>k$ (f ) crosses--0 res]v$ = ,*ri/ian burial4 ,x mu/ h be5 acc\nt$ mo/ holy gr\nd1 z ! dead 7 br\ght ?i!r = burial f _m di/ant cities4 ,dant m5tions x 9 ! ,inf]no1 ,canto ,,ix43 ,j z at ,arles :]e ! ,rhne is /agnant ,! sepul*res make all ! gr\nd unequal4 ,ario/o1 9 ,orl&o ,furioso1 rem>ks x ?us3 ,_m sepul*res are 9 ?is l&4 ,/4 ,rmy1 a few leagues to ! nor!a/ ( ,arles1 is describ$ by all writ]s z wond]fully impressive & appeal+ to all :o come )9 its spell2--?\gh ! guide-books all say t x is a place )\t importance4 ,r5 ,baz9 has ?is to say3 ,/4 ,rmy1 ce n'e/ pas beau1 ce ,/4 ,rmy4 ,madame ,duclaux apo/rophizes ?us3 ,we fall at once 9 love ) ,/4 ,rmy4 ,) ?is prepond]ance ( mod]n op9ion we ?r[ 9 our lot z to ! *>ms ( ,/4 ,rmy2 & s x w be ) mo/1 :e!r ) reg>d to its *>m+ environm5t or its hi/orical monum5ts1 its ar*1 or its fun]al memorials4 ,"o w only come away f ?is *>m+ petite ville ) ! idea t1 9 spite ( its five ?\s& pres5t-day inhabitants1 x is some?+ m ?an a mod]n %r9e :i* has be5 erect$ ov] a collection ( anci5t relics4 ,! little city brea!s ! v atmosph]e ( m$ivalism4 ,illu/ration ,,xiv ,,/4 ,,ca/or ,,de ,n,,mes ,l its neighb\r+ ,roman cities1 ,nmes lives mo/ly 9 ! glori\s pa/4 ,9 attempt+ to realize--if only 9 imag9ation--! civilization ( a pa/ age1 "o is b\nd to be> always 9 m9d ! motif :i* caus$ any great art expression to take place4 ,"h at ,nmes ! *ur* build] _h mu* t 0 magnific5t to emulate1 leav+ /yle ap>t f ! "q4 ,illu/ration3 ,/4 ,ca/or de ,nmes ,he might1 :5 he plann$ ! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,ca/or1 h av[$ 8 int5tion ( rea*+1 if possible1 ! grace & symmetry ( ! ,maison ,c>e2 ! spl5d\r ( ! temple ( ,diana2 ! maje/y ( ! ,t\r ,magna2 ! gr&eur ( ! ar5a2 or possibly 9 "s measure a bl5d ( all ^! ambiti\s results4 ,in/ead1 he built meanly & sordidly1 ?\gh ma9ly by cause ( pov]ty4 ,! ,*ur* ( ! ,middle ,ages1 ?\gh come to great p[] & influ5ce1 0 n possess$ ( ! fabul\s weal? ( ! va+lori\s ,roman1 :o gratifi$ 8 s5ses & beautifi$ 8 surr\nd+s by a lavi% exp5diture ( means1 acquir$ (t5 9 a none too hone/ fa%ion4 ,! imp]ative ne$ ( ! s\l 0 = a h\se ( wor%ip ( "s sort1 & 9 "s measure relative to ! rank ( ! prelate :o 0 to gu>d _! religi\s life4 ,?is took %ape 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! elev5? c5tury1 :5 ! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,ca/or 0 built4 ,( ! v>i$ & sup]lative attractions ( ! city "o is attempt$ to enl>ge unduly2 until ! ?\ght comes t !re is ! mak+ ( a book itself to be fa%ion$ out ( a reconsid]ation ( ! spl5did monum5ts :i* /ill exi/ 9 ?is city ( celebrat$ art4 ,to enum]ate !m all ev5 w\ld be an impossibility "h4 ,! t9y build+ kn[n z ! ,maison ,c>e is ( t greatness :i* is n excell$ by ! ,div9e ,com$y 9 lit]ature1 ! ,v5us ( ,milo 9 sculpture1 or ! ,transfiguration 9 pa9t+4 ,! delicacy & beauty ( its ,cor9?ian columns are ! m app>5t :5 view$ 9 conjunction ) ! pseudo-classical portico ( ma!matical clums9ess ( ! mod]n !atre opposite4 ,?is !atre is a dreadful c>icature ( ! dea?less "w ( ! ,greeks1 :ile ! p]fect example ( ,greco-,roma9 ar*itecture--! ,maison ,c>e--w endure z long z its walls /& z ! fulle/ expression ( t s5se ( div9e proportion & magique h>monie :i* ! ,romans inh]it$ f ! ,greeks4 ,c>d9al ,alb]oni call$ x a gem :i* %\ld be set 9 gold1 & bo? ,l\is ,quatorze & ,napoleon _h s*emes = lift+ x bodily f ! gr\nd & re/abli%+ x at ,p>is4 ,les ,arnes ( ,nmes is an unp>allel$ "w ( its class1 & 9 f> bett] pres]vation ?an any o!r extant4 ,x /&s1 welcom+ ! /rang]1 at ! v gateway ( ! city1 its gr& axe ext5d+ (f1 9 arcad$ p]spective1 ov] f\r hundr$ & tw5ty feet1 ) room inside = ?irty ?\s& s\ls4 ,^! ,romans wr\ght on a magnific5t scale1 & "h1 z else:]e1 !y h left evid5ces ( _! skill :i* are manife/ly ( ! non-decay+ ord]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,commission des ,monum5ts ,hi/oriques li/s 9 all at ,nmes n9e ( ^! hi/orical monum5ts ov] :i* ! pat]nal c>e ( ! ,m9i/re de l',in/ruction ,publique et des ,beaux ,arts ev] hangs4 ,z if ! only really f9e elem5t 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,ca/or 7 ! faade1 ) its rem>kable frieze ( ev5ts ( ,bible hi/ory1 ! ,commission has s+l$ x out = especial c>e1 :i* 9 tru? x des]ves1 f> & away above any o!r specific feature ( ?is *ur*4 ,*ri/ianity came e>ly to ,nmes2 or1 at lea/1 ! bi%opric 0 f\nd$ "h1 ) ,/4 ,felix z its fir/ bi%op1 9 ! f\r? c5tury4 ,at ?is "t ! diocese 0 a suffragan ( ,n>bonne1 :il/ to-day its allegiance is to ! ar*iepiscopal ?rone at ,avignon4 ,! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,ca/or 0 erect$ 9 #ajcj1 re/or$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & suff]$ greatly 9 ! w>s ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies4 ,^! depr$ations h be5--9 "p--made good1 b 9 ! ma9 x is a r gaunt & pa9ful fabric1 & "o :i* is unlook$ = amid s magnific5t neighb\rs4 ,x has be5 said by ,rog] ,pey]--:o has writt5 a mo/ entic+ monograph on ,nmes--t )\t prejudice we c say t ! *ur*es con/ruct$ 9 ! city dans nos j\rs are f> 9 advance ( ! ca!dral4 ,?is is unque/ionably true2 =1 if we except ! v anci5t faade1 ) its int]e/+ sculptur$ frieze1 !re is little to impress ! ca!dral ^u ! m9d except its contra/ ) its surr\nd+ ar*itectural pe]s4 ,! ma9 plan1 ) its flank+ nor?-we/]ly squ>e t[]1 is rem9isc5t ( hundr$s ( p>i% *ur*es yet to be se5 9 ,italy2 :ile its portal is b a m]e classical doorway1 too mean ev5 to be class$ z a detail ( any rank :atev]4 ,! faade has und]gone "s break+-out & /opp+-up ( w9d[s dur+ ! pa/ decade2 = :at purpose x is h>d to realize1 z ! effect is nei!r enhanc$ nor ! rev]se4 ,a gaunt support+ buttress1 or :at n1 flanks ! t[] on ! s\? & adds1 yet fur!r1 to ! incongruity ( ! ensemble4 ,9 f9e1 its decorations are a curi\s mixture ( a m or less pure r\nd-head$ ,roman /yle ( w9d[ & doorway1 ) lat] ,r5aissance & pseudo-classical int]polations4 ,) ! int]ior ! edifice takes on m ( an int]e/+ "*1 ?\gh ev5 "h x is n rem>kable z to beauty or grace4 ,! nave is broad1 aisleless1 & b>e1 b pres5ts an air ( gr&eur :i* is p]haps n o!rwise ju/ifi$2 an effect :i* is d\btless :olly produc$ by a c]ta9 *e]fulness ( aspect1 :i* comes f ! fact t x has be5 re/or$--or at lea/ ?or\ghly furbi%$ up--9 rec5t times4 ,! l>ge ,roman nave1 erect$1 x has be5 said1 f ! rema9s ( a =m] temple ( ,augu/us1 has small *apels1 )\t w9d[s1 beyond its pill>s 9 place ( ! usual side aisles4 ,above is a f9e gall]y or tribune1 :i* also surr\nds ! *oir4 ,! mod]n mural pa9t+s--! product ( ! ,re/oration p]iod--give an air ( spl5d\r & elegance1 aft] ! mann] ( ! ,italian *ur*es1 to an appreciably great] ext5t ?an is commonly se5 9 ,france4 ,9 ! ?ird *apel on ! left is an alt>-table made ( an e>ly ,*ri/ian s>cophagus2 a que/ionable practice p]haps1 b =m+ an o!rwise beautiful1 ?\gh crude1 accessory4 ,illu/ration ,,xv ,,/4 ,,?,,odorit ,d',,uz,s ,! anci5t diocese ( ,uzs =m]ly includ$ t region ly+ betwe5 ! ,ard*e1 ! ,rhne1 & ! ,g>don1 its l5g? & bread? be+ p]haps equal--f\rte5 anci5t leagues4 ,z a bi%opric1 x endur$ f ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ne>ly to ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5?4 ,9 anci5t ,gallic records its ca!dral 0 reckon$ z "s miles f ! pres5t site ( ! t[n1 b z no o!r rema9s ?an ^? ( ,/4 ,?odorit are kn[n to-day1 x is improbable t any ref]5ces 9 m$ival hi/ory ref] to ano!r /ructure4 ,?is *ur* is n[ no long] a ca!dral1 ! see hav+ be5 suppress$ 9 #agij4 ,! bi%op "h1 z at ,lodve & ,m5de1 0 ! c\nt ( ! t[n1 & ! bi%op & duke ea* possess$ _! ca/les & _h _! respective sph]es ( jurisdiction1 :i*1 says an old-"t *ronicl]1 (t5 occasion$ _m disputes4 ,obvi\sly6 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury mo/ ( ! inhabitants embrac$ ! ,re=mation aft] ! example ( _! bi%op1 :o1 ) all 8 *apt]1 publicly turn$ ,prote/ant & s5t = a m9i/] to ,g5eva4 ,:at rema9s ( ! ca!dral to-day is rem9isc5t ( a highly int]e/+ m$ival f\ndation1 ?\gh its g5]al aspect is di/9ctly mod]n4 ,su* rebuild+ & re/oration z x und]w5t1 9 ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies1 made ( x practically a new edifice4 ,! "o feature ( m>k1 :i* /&s alone z ! repres5tative ( m$ival times1 is ! *>m+ t[] :i* flanks ! ma9 body ( ! *ur* on ! "r4 ,x is kn[n z ! ,t\r ,f5e/relle & is ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,x w\ld be a notable accessory to any great *ur*1 & is ( sev5 /ories 9 height1 ea* dw9dl+ 9 size f ! "o bel[1 =m+ a v]itable campanile4 ,its height is #acj feet4 ,! int]ior attractions ( ?is m9or *ur* are great] ?an might be suppos$4 ,!re is a l[ gall]y ) a sup]b s]ies ( wr\ght-iron grilles1 a f9e tomb 9 m>ble--to ,bi%op ,boyan--& 9 ! transept two pa9t+s by ,simon de ,*alons--a ,resurrection & a ,rais+ ( ,laz>us4 ,! inevitable obtrusive organ-case is ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & l all ( its k9d is a p>asitical abom9ation1 cl++ prec>i\sly to ! we/]n wall4 ,! sacri/y is an ext5sive suite ( rooms :i* conta9 ?r\gh\t a deep-ton$ & mell[ oak5 wa9scot4 ,= ! re/1 ! l9es ( ?is *ur* foll[ ! conv5tionality ( its "t4 ,its proportions1 :ile n great1 are good1 & !re is no m>k$ luxuriance ( ornam5t or any exce$+ grace 9 ! entire /ructure1 if we except ! deta*$ t[] be=e m5tion$4 ,! situation ( ! t[n is mo/ picturesque2 n da9tily pretty1 b ( a c]ta9 dignifi$ ord]1 :i* is ! m satisfy+4 ,! anci5t *teau1 call$ ,le ,du*1 is ! real ar*itectural treat ( ! place4 ,,xvi ,,/4 ,,jean ,d',,alais ,alais is an anci5t city1 b greatly mod]niz$2 moreov] x does n take a supreme rank z a ca!dral city1 f ! fact t x held a bi%op's ?rone = b a hundr$ ye>s4 ,alais 0 a bi%opric only f #afid to #agij4 ,! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,jean is an impos+ /ructure ( t obtrusive v>iety ( ar*itectural art kn[n z ,l\is ,qu9ze1 & is unwor?y ( ! di/9ction once be/[$ ^u x4 ,p]haps x is due to ! fact t ! ,cev5ole c\ntry 0 s l>gely & aggressively ,prote/ant t ! see ( ,alais did n endure4 ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son tells ( a /rang] he met 9 ^! m\nta9 p>ts--t he 0 a ,ca?olic1 & made no %ame ( x4 ,no %ame ( x6 ,! phrase is a piece ( natural /ati/ics2 = x is ! language ( "o ( a m9ority4444 ,irel& is /ill ,ca?olic2 ! ,cev5nes /ill ,prote/ant4 ,outdoor ru/ics h n _m ideas1 b su* z !y h are h>dy plants & ?rive fl\ri%+ly 9 p]secution4 ,built ab\t 9 ! faade ( ?is unfeel+ /ructure are "s rema9s ( a twelf?-c5tury *ur*1 b !y are n ( suffici5t bulk or excell5ce to w>rant rem>k4 ,an advanc+ por* /&s be=e ?is we/ faade & is surm\nt$ by a massive t[] 9 a poor ,go?ic /yle4 ,! va/ int]ior1 l ! ext]ior1 is entirely )\t di/9ction1 ?\gh gaudily decorat$4 ,!re are "s good pictures1 :i*1 z works ( art1 are a decid$ advance ov] any o!r attributes ( ?is *ur*--an ,assumption1 attribut$ to ,mign>d1 9 ! *apel ( ! ,virg92 9 ! left transept1 a ,virg9 by ,dev]ia2 & 9 ! "r transept an ,annunciation by ,jalab]t4 ,alais is by no means a dull place4 ,x is busy ) indu/ry1 is prosp]\s1 & possesses on a m9ute scale all ! di/ractions ( a great city4 ,x is mod]n to ! v core1 s f> z appe>ances g4 ,x has its ,b\lev>d ,victor ,hugo1 its ,b\lev>d ,gambetta1 & its ,lyce ,dumas4 ,! ,hpital ,/4 ,l\is--:i* has a curi\s d\bly twi/$ /aircase--is ( ! eighte5? c5tury2 a bu/ ( ! ,m>quis de la ,fre-,alais1 ! ,cev5ole poet1 is ( ! n9ete5?2 a monum5t ( bronze1 to ! glory ( ,pa/eur1 dates f #ahif2 & v>i\s o!r bronze & /one memorials ab\t ! city all date & p]petuate ! "n & fame ( eighte5? & n9ete5?-c5tury notables4 ,! ,muse--ano!r rec5t creation--occupies ! =m] episcopal resid5ce1 ( eighte5?-c5tury con/ruction4 ,! ,htel de ,ville is q ! mo/ *>m+ build+ ( ! city4 ,x has f9e halls & corridors1 & an ample biblio?que4 ,its pres5t-day ,salle du ,conseil 0 ! anci5t *amb] ( ! tats du ,langu$oc4 ,,xvii ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,d',,annecy ,! ,savoian city ( ,annecy 0 =m]ly ! anci5t capital ( ! ,g5evois4 ,its pa/ hi/ory is m closely alli$ ) o!r political ev5ts ?an ^? :i* emanat$ f )9 ! k+dom ( ,france2 & its ecclesia/ical allegiance 0 intimately relat$ ) ,g5eva1 f :5ce ! episcopal seat 0 remov$ 9 #aece4 ,9 reality ! ,*ri/ian activities ( ,annecy _h b little to d ) ! ,*ur* 9 ,france1 ,savoie only hav+ be5 c$$ to ,france 9 #ahfj4 ,=m]ly x belong$ to ! ducs de ,savoie & ! k+s ( ,s>d9ia4 ,annecy is a mo/ int]e/+ city1 & possesses _m1 if n q all1 ( ! attractions ( ,g5eva itself1 includ+ ! ,lake ( ,annecy1 :i* is q z romantically picturesque z ,lac ,leman1 ?\gh its proportions are n ne>ly s great4 ,! city's int]e/ = ! lov] ( religi\s associations is p]haps great] ?an = ! lov] ( *ur* ar*itecture alone1 b1 z ! two mu/ p]=ce g h& 9 h& ! great] "p ( ! way1 ,annecy w be f\nd to rank high 9 ! annals ( ! hi/ory & art ( ! religi\s life ( ! pa/4 ,9 ! *apel ( ! ,visitation1 belong+ to ! conv5t ( ! same "n1 are buri$ ,/4 ,franois de ,sales 7d4 #afbb7 & ,/e4 ,jeanne de ,*antal 7d4 #afda74 ,! *apel is ar*itecturally ( no importance1 b ! m>ble ornam5t & sculptures & ! ri* pa9t+s are int]e/+4 ,! anci5t *apel ( ! ,visitation--! conv5t ( ! fir/ mona/]y f\nd$ by ,/4 ,francis & ,/e4 ,jeanne--imm$iately adjo9s ! ca!dral4 ,*ri/ianity fir/ came to ,annecy 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 ) ,/4 ,emili54 ,= long aft] its f\ndation ! see 0 a suffragan ( ! anci5t ecclesia/ical prov9ce ( ,vi5ne4 ,to-day x is a suffragan ( ,*ambry4 ,! r ord9>y ca!dral ( ,/4 ,pi]re has no great int]e/ z an ar*itectural type1 & is possess$ ( no embelli%m5ts ( a rank suffici5tly high to w>rant rem>k4 ,x dates only f ! sixte5? c5tury1 & is q unconv9c+ z to any art expression :i* its build]s may h possess$4 ,! episcopal palace 7#aghd7 adjo9s ! ca!dral on ! s\?4 ,illu/ration ,,xviii ,,ca?,,drale ,,de ,,*amb,,ry ,! city ( ,*ambry 9 ! eighte5? c5tury mu/ h be5 a v]itable hotb$ ( ari/ocracy4 ,a ,fr5* writ] ( t day has inde$ /at$ t x is ! w9t] resid5ce ( all ! ari/ocracy ( ,savoie2 444 ) tw5ty ?\s& francs "o c\ld live en gr& seigneur2 444 a c\ntry g5tleman1 ) an income ( a hundr$ & tw5ty l\is d'or a ye>1 w\ld z a matt] ( c\rse take up 8 abode 9 ! t[n = ! w9t]4 ,to-day su* a basis ^u :i* to make an e/imate ( ! value ( ,*ambry z a place ( resid5ce w\ld be1 x is to be fe>$1 mislead+4 ,ar?ur ,"y closes 8 obs]vations ^u ! agricultural prospects ( ,savoie ) ! bold /atem5t t3 ,on ?is day1 left ,*ambry mu* dissatisfi$1--= ! want ( kn[+ m ( x4 ,r\sseau knew x bett]1 mu* bett]4 ,s'il e/ une petite ville au monde o l'on gte la d\ceur de la vie dans un comm]ce agrable et sr1 c'e/ ,*ambry4 ,savoie & ! ,comt de ,nice 7 annex$ to ,france only z late z #ahfj1 & f !m 7 =m$ ! dep>tm5ts ( ,savoie1 ,haute-,savoie1 & ! ,alpes-,m>itimes4 ,*ambry is to-day an ar*bi%opric1 ) suffragans at ,annecy1 ,t>5taise1 & ,/4 ,jean de ,mauri5ne4 ,=m]ly conditions 7 rev]s$1 & ,*ambry 0 m]ely a bi%opric 9 ! prov9ce de ,t>5taise4 ,its fir/ bi%op1 ,mi*el ,conseil1 came 9 (fice1 h[ev]1 only 9 #aghj4 ,! ca!dral is ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 9 ! po9t$ /yle1 & z a "w ( art is di/9ctly ( a m9or class4 ,! pr9cipal detail ( note is a we/]n portal :i* some:at approa*es good ,go?ic1 b 9 ! ma91 bo? inside & out1 ! *ur* has no rem>kable features1 if we except "s mod]n glass1 :i* is bett] 9 col\r ?an mo/ late "w ( its k9d4 ,z if to c\nt]act any additional *>m :i* ?is glass might o!rwise l5d to ! int]ior1 we f9d a s]ies ( flamboyant trac]ies ov] ! major portion ( ! side walls & vault+4 ,^! are g>i% & 9 e way unpleas+1 & ! int]ior effect1 l t ( ! ext]ior1 places ! ca!dral at ,*ambry f> d[n ! scale among great *ur*es4 ,decid$ly ! ar*itectural embelli%m5ts ( ,*ambry lie n 9 its ca!dral4 ,! *apel ( ! anci5t *teau1 dat+ 9 "p f ! ?irte5? c5tury1 b ma9ly ( ! ,go?ic-,r5aissance p]iod1 is f> & away ! mo/ spl5did ar*itectural monum5t ( its class to be se5 "h4 ,la ,gr&e ,*>treuse is equally accessible f ei!r ,*ambry or ,gr5oble1 & %\ld n be neglect$ :5 "o is attempt+ to famili>ize himself ) ^! p>ts4 ,illu/ration ,,xix ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,gr5oble ,x is an op5 "q z to :e!r ,gr5oble is n possess$ ( ! mo/ admirable & impressive situation ( any ca!dral city ( ,france4 ,at all ev5ts x has ! attribute ( a unique backgr\nd 9 ! massif de la ,*>treuse1 & ! range ( sn[-clad ,alps1 :i* rise s abruptly z to directly scre5 & %elt] ! city f all o!r p>ts ly+ nor? & ea/4 ,fur!rmore ?is natural w9dbreak1 c\pl$ ) ! altitude ( ! city itself1 makes = a bright & sunny1 & )al brac+1 atmosph]e :i* _m pr(ess$ t\ri/ & heal? resorts lack4 ,gr5oble is 9 all respects a mo/ pleasant city1 & "o :i* conta9s mu* ( int]e/ = all sorts & conditions ( pilgrims4 ,anci5tly ,gr5oble 0 a bi%opric 9 ! diocese ( ! ,prov9ce ( ,vi5ne1 to ^: ar*bi%op ! see 0 at t "t subord9ate4 ,its f\ndation 0 dur+ ! ?ird c5tury1 & its fir/ prelate 0 "o ,domn9us4 ,9 ! r$i/ribution ( dioceses ,gr5oble became a suffragan ( ,lyon et ,vi5ne1 :i* is its /atus to-day4 ,z might naturally be inf]r$1 9 ! case ( s old a f\ndation1 its pres5t-day ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame p>takes also ( e>ly orig94 ,?is x does1 to a small degree only1 ) respect to c]ta9 ( ! f\ndations ( ! *oir4 ,^! date f ! elev5? c5tury1 :ile succe$+ eras1 ( a mix$ & none too pure an ar*itectural /yle1 culm9ate 9 pres5t+ a s+ul>ly unconv9c+ & cold *ur* edifice4 ,! po9t$ tab]nacle1 :i* is ! *ief int]ior feature1 is ( ! middle fifte5? c5tury1 & inde$ ! g5]al effect is t ( ! late ,middle ,ages1 if n actually sugge/ive ( /ill lat] mod]nity4 ,! tomb ( ,ar*bi%op ,*iss1 dat+ f #adjg1 is ! ca!dral's *ief monum5tal %r9e4 ,to ! left ( ! ca!dral is ! anci5t bi%op's palace2 /ill us$ z su*4 ,x occupies ! site ( an elev5?-c5tury episcopal resid5ce1 b ! /ructure itself is probably n e>li] ?an ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! glise de ,/4 ,&r1 a ?irte5?-c5tury /ructure1 is a tomb ( m ?an usual s5tim5tal & hi/orical int]e/3 t ( ,bay>d4 ,x w be f\nd 9 ! transept4 ,no m5tion ( ,gr5oble c\ld well ignore ! fam\s mona/]y ( ,la ,gr&e ,*>treuse4 ,mo/ly1 x is to be fe>$1 ! mona/]y is associat$ 9 mundane m9ds ) t subtle & luxuri\s liqueur :i* has be5 brew$ by ! :ite-rob$ monks ( ,/4 ,bruno = ages pa/2 & 0 until q rec5tly1 :5 ! e/abli%m5t 0 brok5 up by gov]nm5t decree & ! real =mula ( ?is sp>kl+ liqueur dep>t$ ) ! migrat+ monks4 ,! op9ion is v5tur$1 h[ev]1 t up to ! "t ( _! expulsion 79 #aijb71 ! monks ( ,/4 ,bruno comb9$ solitude1 au/]ity1 devotion1 & *>ity ( a mo/ practical k9d ) a lucrative comm]ce 9 _! di/ill$ product aft] a successful mann] n equall$ by any religi\s community be=e or s9ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,bruno ,! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,bruno has wea!r$ _m /orms1 &1 dur+ ! ,t]ror1 0 driv5 f its home & disp]s$ by brutal & riot\s soldi]y4 ,9 #ahaf a remnant return$1 escort$1 x is said1 by a ?rong ( fifty ?\s& p4 ,! c>d9al rule ( ! ,c>?usians is ab/emi\sness f all meat-eat+2 :i*1 h[ev]1 9 consid]ation ( _! calm1 regul> life1 & a diet 9 :i* fi% plays an important "p1 is app>5tly conducive to t longevity :i* mo/ ( u desire4 ,x is relat$ t a c]ta9 ,dom9ican pope wi%$ to dim9i% ! sev]ity ( ,/4 ,bruno's regulations1 b 0 met by a delegation ( ,c>?usians1 ^: doy5 own$ to "o hundr$ & tw5ty ye>s1 & ^: y\nge/ memb] 0 ( ! ripe age ( n9ety4 ,! amiable pontiff1 n hav+1 app>5tly1 an argum5t left1 accord+ly )drew 8 edict4 ,( all ^! great ,*>t]h\ses spread ?r\gh\t ,france1 ,la ,gr&e ,*>treuse 0 ! mo/ inspir+ & int]e/+2 n only f ! /ructure itself1 b by reason ( its comm&+ & romantic situation amid ! =e/-clad heights ( ! ,savoyan ,alps4 ,! fir/ e/abli%m5t "h 0 ! f\ndation ( ,/4 ,bruno 79 #ajhd71 :i* consi/$ m]ely ( a mode/ *apel & a numb] ( isolat$ cubicles4 ,?is f\ndation only gave way--z late z ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies--to an enl>g$ /ructure m 9 accord ) ! dem&s & usage ( ?is p]iod4 ,! mo/ di/9ctive feature ( its ar*itecture is ! gr& cloi/]1 ) its hundr$ & fifte5 ,go?ic ar*es1 out ( :i* op5 ! sixty cells ( ! s&all$ & hood$ :ite-rob$ monks1 :o1 cont9u+ ,/4 ,bruno's regulation1 live /ill 9 isolation4 ,9 ^! cells !y sp5t all ( _! "t outside ! h\rs ( "w & wor%ip1 b 7 all[$ ! privilege ( receiv+ "o colleague at a "t4 ,"h1 too1 !y ate _! meals1 ) ! exception ( ! pr9cipal meal on ,sundays1 :5 !y all met toge!r 9 ! refectory4 ,! glise de la ,gr&e ,*>treuse itself is v simple1 ab\t ! only di/9ctive or notable feature be+ ! sixte5?-c5tury *oir-/alls4 ,at ! midnight s]vice1 or at mat9s1 :5 ! simple *ur* is lit only by flam+ tor*es1 & ! /alls fill$ ) :ite-rob$ ,*>treux1 is pres5t$ a picture :i* = solemnity & impressiv5ess is z vivid z any :i* has come d[n f m$ival times4 ,! *ant+ ( ! *orals1 too1 is unlike any?+ he>d be=e2 x has inde$ be5 call$1 be=e n[1 angelic4 ,petr>*1 ^: bro!r 0 a memb] ( ! ord]1 has put himself on record z hav+ be5 en*ant$ by x4 ,z _m z t5 ?\s& visitors h pass$ ?r\gh ! portals ( ,la ,gr&e ,*>treuse dur+ ! ye>1 b n[ 9 ! abs5ce ( ! monks--tempor>y or p]man5t z is yet to be det]m9$--conditions obta9 :i* w n all[ ( entrance to ! conv5tual build+s4 ,no "o1 h[ev]1 :o visits ei!r ,gr5oble or ,*ambry %\ld fail to j\rney to ,/4 ,laur5t du ,pont--! gateway ( ! fa/ness :i* enfolds ,la ,gr&e ,*>treuse1 & !nce to b5ea? ! %ad[ ( ! walls :i* = s long %elt]$ ! p>5t h\se ( ?is anci5t & p[]ful ord]4 ,illu/ration3 ,belley ,,xx ,,belley ,,& ,,ao/e ,en r\te to ,*ambry1 f ,lyon1 "o passes ! little t[n ( ,belley4 ,x is an anci5t place1 mo/ *>m+ly situat$1 & is a suffragan bi%opric1 /rangely en\gh1 ( ,besanon1 :i* is n only ,teutonic 9 its t5d5cies1 b is actually ( ! nor?4 ,at all ev5ts1 ,belley1 9 spite ( its cle> & crisp m\nta9 air1 is n ( ! same climatic zone z ! o!r dioceses 9 ! ar*bi%opric ( ,besanon4 ,its ca!dral is di/9ctly m9or z to /yle1 & is ma9ly ,go?ic ( ! fifte5? c5tury2 ?\gh n unmix$1 nor ev5 consi/5t1 9 its v>i\s p>ts4 ,no inconsid]able portion is mod]n1 z w be pla9ly se54 ,"o di/9ctly notable feature is a s]ies ( ,romanesque columns 9 ! nave1 possibly tak5 f "s pagan ,roman /ructure4 ,!y are suffici5tly ( importance & value to be class$ z ,monum5ts ,hi/oriques1 & z su* are int]e/+4 ,ao/e 7,ao/e-,/4-,g5ix7 is on ! site ( ! ,roman colony ( ,augu/um1 ( :i* to-day !re are b a few fragm5t>y rema9s4 ,x is p]haps a little m ?an a mile f ! village ( ,/4 ,g5ix1 ) :i* to-day its "n is inv>iably c\pl$4 ,z an anci5t bi%opric 9 ! prov9ce ( ,t>5taise1 x took =m 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 ) ,/4 ,eu/a*e z its fir/ bi%op4 ,to-day ! ecclesia/ical jurisdiction ( all ?is region--! ,val-de-,t>5taise--is held by ,t>5taise4 ,illu/ration ,,xxi ,,/4 ,,jean ,,de ,,mauri5ne ,/4 ,jean de ,mauri5ne is a t9y m\nta9 city well )9 ! advance-gu>d ( ! ,alp9e range4 ,( itself x sav\rs no m ( ! picturesque ?an d ! imm$iate surr\nd+s4 ,"o c well und]/& t vegetation r\nd ab\t has gr[n scant m]ely because ( ! de>? ( fructify+ soil4 ,! valleys & ! rav9es fl\ri%1 b ! enfold+ walls ( rock are b>e & /]ile4 ,?is is ! some:at abbreviat$ description ( ! pagi g>n]$ f an anci5t s\rce1 & is1 9 ! ma91 true en\gh to-day4 ,n _m casual travell]s ev] get to ?is m\nta9 city ( ! ,alps2 !y are mo/ly ru%$ ?r\gh to ,italy1 & d n /op %ort ( ! fronti] /ation ( ,modane1 "s ?irty odd kilometres onw>d2 f :i* po9t onw>d only d !y "k ! lie ( ! l& betwe5 ,p>is & ,pi$mont4 ,/4 ,jean de ,mauri5ne is to-day1 ?\gh a suffragan ( ,*ambry1 a bi%opric 9 ! old ecclesia/ical prov9ce ( ,t>5taise4 ,! fir/ ar*bi%op--z ! dignity 0 !n--0 ,/4 ,jacques1 9 ! fif? c5tury4 ,! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,jean is ( a peculi> ar*itectural /yle1 locally kn[n z ,*>treusian4 ,x is by no means beautiful1 b x is n unpleas+4 ,x dates1 z to ! epo* ( its di/9ctive /yle1 f ! twelf? to ! fifte5? c5turies1 ?\gh x has be5 s fully re/or$ 9 our day t x may z well be consid]$ z a rebuilt /ructure1 9 spite ( ! consi/5t devotion to ! orig9al plan4 ,! *ief features ( note are to be se5 9 its int]ior1 &1 :ile !y are p]haps n ( extraord9>y value or beauty1 9 any s+le in/ance1 !y =m1 z a :ole1 a highly int]e/+ disposition ( dev\t symbols4 ,imm$iately )9 ! portico1 by :i* "o ent]s f ! we/1 is a pla/] model ( ! tomb ( ,c\nt ,humb]t1 ! head ( ! h\se ( ,savoie4 ,9 ! nave is an alt> & mausoleum 9 m>ble1 gold1 & mosaic1 erect$ by ! ,c>?usians to ,/4 ,ayrald1 a =m] bi%op ( ! diocese & a memb] ( _! ord]4 ,9 ! left aisle ( ! nave is a tomb to ,og] de ,conflans1 & ano!r to two =m] bi%ops4 ,?r\gh ! sacri/y1 :i* is beh9d ! *apel ( ! ,sacr$ ,he>t1 is ! entrance to ! cloi/]4 ,?is cloi/]1 :ile n ( rank+ greatness or beauty1 is c>ri$ out1 9 ! mo/ "p1 9 ! true po9t$ /yle ( its era 7#adeb71 & is1 on ! :ole1 ! mo/ *>m+ attribute ( ! ca!dral4 ,! *oir has a s]ies ( c>v$ /alls 9 wood1 :i* are unusually acceptable4 ,9 ! *oir1 also1 is a ciborium1 9 alaba/]1 ) a reliquaire :i* is said to conta9 ?ree f+]s ( ,john ! ,bapti/1 br\ght to ,savoie 9 ! six? c5tury by ,/e4 ,?cle4 ,! crypt1 b5ea? ! *oir1 is1 z is mo/ frequ5tly ! case1 ! rema9s ( a /ill e>li] *ur*1 :i* occupi$ ! same site1 b ( :i* !re is little record extant4 ,,xxii ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,,de ,,/4 ,,claude ,/4 ,claude is *>m+ly situat$ 9 a romantic valley ( ! ,jura4 ,! s\nd ( mill-:eels & ! sight ( factory *imneys m+le inextricably ) ! ro>+ ( m\nta9 torr5ts & ! solitude ( ! p9e =e/4 ,! majority ( ! inhabitants ( ^! valleys lead a simple & pa/oral life1 ) *eese-mak+ app>5tly ! pr$om9ant indu/ry4 ,manufactur+ ( all k9ds is c>ri$ on1 9 a small way1 9 ne>ly e hamlet--9 t9y cottage ateli]s--wood-c>v+1 gem-poli%+1 spectacle & clock-mak+1 besides turn]y & wood-work+ ( all sorts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,pi]re de ,,/4 ,,claude ,/4 ,claude1 ) its anci5t ca!dral ( ,/4 ,pi]re1 is ! c5tre ( all ^! activities2 :i* mu/ sugge/ to all publici/s ( "t-worn & ennui$ l&s a deal ( possibilities 9 ! fur!r application ( su* indu/rial en]gies z lie close at h&4 ,9 #aghi1 :5 ,ar?ur ,"y1 9 8 ?ird j\rney ?r\gh ,france1 pass$ ?r\gh ,/4 ,claude1 ! c\nt-bi%op ( ! diocese1 ! sole inh]itor ( its weal?y abbey f\ndation & all its seigneurial dep5d5cies1 _h only j enfran*is$ 8 =ty ?\s& s]fs4 ,voltaire1 ! a!i/1 plead$ 9 va9 ! cause ( ?is ,*ri/ian prelate1 & = him to be all[$ to su/a9 8 "r to bond-m52 b opposition 0 too great1 & !y became free to enjoy prop]ty rights1 c\ld !y b once acquire !m4 ,previ\sly1 if *ildless1 !y _h no p[] to bequea? _! prop]ty2 x rev]t$ simply to ! seigneur by cu/om ( tradition4 ,9 ! fif? c5tury1 ,/4 ,claude 0 ! site ( a p[]ful abbey4 ,x did n become an episcopal see1 h[ev]1 until #agdb1 :5 its fir/ bi%op 0 ,joseph de ,madet4 ,at ! ,revolution ! see 0 suppress$1 b x rose aga91 pho5ix-l1 9 #ahba1 & endures to-day z a suffragan ( ,lyon et ,vi5ne4 ,! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,pi]re is a f\rte5?-c5tury edifice1 ) lat] "w 7sev5te5? c5tury7 equally to be rem>k$4 ,z a "w ( re/oration x appe>s poorly done1 b ! entire /ructure is ( m ?an ord9>y int]e/2 nev]!less x /ill rema9s an uncomplet$ "w4 ,! *ur* is ( exce$+ly mod]ate dim5sions1 & is 9 no s5se a great a*ievem5t4 ,its l5g? _c be mu* ov] two hundr$ feet1 & its wid? & height are approximately equal 7#he feet71 produc+ a symmetry :i* is too conv5tional to be really lovable4 ,/ill1 consid]+ its environm5t & ! association z ! old abbey *ur*1 to :i* ,/4 ,claude1 ! bi%op ( ,besanon1 retir$ 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 x has f> m to (f] 9 ! way ( a pleas+ prospect ?an _m ca!drals ( great] ar*itectural wor?4 ,!re are1 9 its int]ior1 a s]ies ( f9e *oir-/alls 9 wood1 ( ! fifte5? c5tury--comp>able only ) ^? at ,rodez & ,albi = _! excell5ce & ! luxuriance ( _! c>v+--a sculptur$ ,r5aissance retable depict+ ! life ( ,/4 ,pi]re1 & a mod]n high-alt>4 ,?is la/ accessory is n z wor?y an art "w z ! two o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,notre ,dame de ,b\rg ,,xxiii ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,b\rg ,! *ief ecclesia/ical attraction ( ,b\rg-en-,bresse is n its "o-"t ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame1 :i* is b a poor ,r5aissance affair ( ! fifte5? to sev5te5? c5turies4 ,! fam\s glise de ,br\1 :i* ,mat!w ,arnold describ$ s ju/ly & fully 9 8 v]ses1 is a florid ,go?ic monum5t :i* ranks among ! mo/ celebrat$ 9 ,france4 ,x is situat$ some?+ less ?an a mile f ! t[n1 & is a %[-piece :i* w n be neglect$4 ,its *>ms are too _m & v>i$ to be ev5 sugge/$ "h4 ,!re are a s]ies ( sculptur$ figures ( ! prophets & apo/les1 f a fifte5? or sixte5?-c5tury ateli]1 t may or may n h giv5 ! latt]-day ,s>g5t 8 sugge/ion = 8 celebrat$ frieze ( ! prophets4 ,!y are wond]fully l1 at all ev5ts1 & ! obs]vation is advis$ly includ$ "h1 ?\gh x is n int5d$ z a sne] at ,s>g5t's ma/]work4 ,?is wond]ful sixte5?-c5tury glise de ,br\1 9 a highly decorat$ ,go?ic /yle1 its monum5ts1 alt>s1 & admirable glass1 is n else:]e equall$1 z to elaborat5ess1 9 any *ur* ( its size or rank4 ,notre ,dame de ,b\rg--! ca!dral--?\gh manife/ly a ,r5aissance /ructure1 has n a little ( ! ,go?ic _s 9 its int]ior arrangem5ts & details4 ,x is z if a ,r5aissance %ell--& n a h&some "o--7 enclos+ a ,go?ic treasure4 ,!re is ! unusual polygonal apside1 :i* dates f ! fifte5? or sixte5? c5tury1 & is ! mo/ curi\s "p ( ! entire edifice4 ,! octagonal t[] ( ! we/ has1 9 its high] /ory1 be5 replac$ by an ugly dome-%ap$ excresc5ce surm\nt$ by an enorm\s gild$ cross :i* is by no means beautiful4 ,! we/ faade 9 g5]al1 9 ^: portal are %[n "s evid5ces ( ! ,go?ic _s1 :i* at ! "t ( its erection _h n :olly di$1 is un9t]e/+ & all out ( proportion to a *ur* ( its rank4 ,! int]ior effect some:at r$eems ! unpromis+ ext]ior4 ,!re is a magnific5t m>ble high-alt>1 jewel-wr\ght & ( mu* spl5d\r4 ,! two *apels h mod]n glass4 ,a f9e head ( ,*ri/1 c>v$ 9 ivory1 is to be se5 9 ! sacri/y4 ,previ\s to #aghi x 0 kept 9 ! great c\ncil-*amb] ( ! tats de la ,bresse4 ,9 ! sacri/y also !re are two pictures1 ( ! ,g]man s*ool ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,!re are sixty-eight /alls1 ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 c>v$ 9 wood4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 ^! /alls--( mo/ excell5t workman%ip--are n plac$ )9 ! regulation conf9es ( ! *oir1 b are rang$ 9 two r[s along ! wall ( ! apside4 ,,xxiv ,,gl&,,ve1 ,,s5ez1 ,,riez1 ,,si/]on ,! diocese ( ,digne n[ includes f\r ci-devant bi%oprics1 ea* ( :i* 0 suppress$ at ! ,revolution4 ,! ru9s ( ! anci5t bi%opric ( ,gl&ve are to-day replac$ by ! small t[n ( ,d',entrevaux1 ^: =m] ca!dral ( ,/4 ,j has n[ disappe>$4 ,! see ( ,gl&ve _h 9 all fifty-?ree bi%ops1 ! fir/--,/4 ,frat]ne--9 ! ye> #dei4 ,s5ez 0 compos$ ( b ?irty-two p>i%es4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 a v anci5t f\ndation1 dat+ f #dde ,a4 ,d4 ,its ca!dral 0 kn[n z ,notre ,dame1 & its *apt] 0 compos$ ( five canons & ?ree dignit>ies4 ,at v>i\s times =ty-?ree bi%ops occupi$ ! episcopal ?rone at ,s5ez4 ,illu/ration3 ,,notre ,,dame de ,,si/]on ,! suppression likewise made way ) ! bi%opric at ,riez1 a *>m+ little city ( ,prov5ce4 ,! see 0 =m]ly compos$ ( fifty-f\r p>i%es1 & its ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame _h a *apt] ( eight canons & f\r dignit>ies4 ,! fir/ bi%op 0 ,/4 ,prosp]1 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! fif? c5tury4 ,ultimately he 0 foll[$ by sev5ty-f\r o!rs4 ,two c\ncils ( ! *ur* 7 held at ,riez1 ! fir/ 9 #dci1 & ! second 9 #abhe4 ,! diocese ( ,si/]on 0 situat$ 9 ! *>m+ m\nta9 t[n ( ! ,basses-,alps4 ,?is brisk little =tress-city /ill (f]s to ! travell] _m ( ! attractions ( yore1 ?\gh its =m] ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame no long] %elt]s a bi%op's ?rone4 ,f\r dignit>ies & eight canons p]=m$ ! functions ( ! ca!dral1 & s]v$ ! fifty p>i%es alli$ ) x4 ,! fir/ bi%op 0 ,*rysaphius1 9 #deb1 & ! la/1 ,franois ,bovet1 9 #aghi4 ,?is prelate 9 #ahja refus$ ! oa? ( allegiance dem&$ by ! new rgime1 & =?) resign$1 :5 ! see 0 comb9$ ) t ( ,digne4 ,! anci5t ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame de ,si/]on ( ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies is n[ rank$ z a ,monum5t ,hi/orique4 ,x dates1 9 ! ma91 f ! twelf? c5tury1 & is ( itself no m rem>kable ?an _m ( ! o!r m9or ca!drals ( ?is "p ( ,france4 ,its *ief di/9ction lies 9 its gr& retable1 :i* is decorat$ ) a s]ies ( sup]b pa9t+s by ,mign>d4 ,! city lies picturesquely pos$ at ! foot ( a comm&+ height1 :i* 9 turn is surm\nt$ by ! anci5t citadel4 ,across ! defile1 :i* is deeply cut by ! riv] ,durance1 rises ! precipit\s ,mont de la ,baume1 :i*1 ) ! n v gr& or spl5did build+s ( ! city itself1 composes ! ensemble at once into a di/9ctively old-_w spot1 :i* ! m>* ( progress has done little to temp]4 ,x looks n a little l a piece ( /age-sc5]y1 to be sure1 b x is a wond]ful gr\p+ ( ! works ( nature & ( ! h& ( man1 & "o :i* x w be difficult to duplicate else:]e 9 ,france2 9 fact1 x w n be possible to d s4 ,illu/ration ,,xxv ,,/4 ,,j]ome ,,de ,,digne ,! diocese ( ,digne1 among all ( its neighb\rs1 has surviv$ until to-day4 ,x is a suffragan ( ,aix1 ,arles1 & ,embrun1 & has jurisdiction ov] ! :ole ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,basses-,alps4 ,/4 ,domn9 became its fir/ bi%op1 9 ! f\r? c5tury4 ,! anci5t ,romanesque ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame--f :i* ! bi%op's seat has be5 remov$ to ! m mod]n ,/4 ,j]ome--is an unusually int]e/+ old *ur*1 ?\gh b>e & unpret5ti\s to-day4 ,x dates f ! twelf? c5tury1 & has all ! di/+ui%+ m>ks ( its era4 ,its nave is1 moreov]1 a really f9e "w1 & wor?y to rank ) _m m important4 ,!re are1 9 ?is nave1 "s traces ( a s]ies ( curi\s wall-pa9t+s dat+ f ! f\rte5? or fifte5? c5turies4 ,/4 ,j]ome de ,digne--call$ la ca?drale =t magnifiante--is a re/or$ ,go?ic *ur* ( ! e>ly ages ( ! /yle1 ?\gh x has be5 plac$--9 "s d\bt--z ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! apse is semicircul>1 )\t *apels1 & ! g5]al effect ( ! int]ior z a :ole is curi\sly m>r$ by reason ( ! lack ( transepts1 cl]e/ory1 & tri=ium4 ,?is notable pov]ty ( feature is p]haps made up = by ! amplifi$ side aisles1 :i* are d\bl$ ?r\gh\t4 ,! we/]n portal1 :i* is ( an acceptable mod]n ,go?ic1 is ( m ?an usual int]e/ z to its decorations4 ,9 ! tympanum ( ! ar* is a figure ( ! ,savi\r giv+ 8 bless+1 ) ! emblems ( ! ,evangeli/s bel[1 & an angel & ! pelican--! emblem ( ! sacram5t--above4 ,b5ea? ! figure ( ! ,savi\r is ano!r ( ,/4 ,j]ome1 ! patron1 to :om ! ca!dral is d$icat$4 ,a squ>e1 unga9ly t[] holds a noisy peal ( bells1 :i*1 ?\gh a great s\rce ( local pride1 c b prove annoy+ to ! /rang]1 ) _! importunate & unseemly clang+4 ,! *ief accessories1 9 ! int]ior1 are an elaborate organ-case1--( ! usual d\btful ta/e1--a m>ble /atue ( ,/4 ,v9c5t de ,paul 7by ,daumas1 #ahfi71 & a sixte5? or sev5te5?-c5tury /atue ( a =m] bi%op ( ! diocese4 ,digne has p]haps a m ?an ord9>y %>e ( picturesque environm5t1 seat$1 z x is1 luxuri\sly 9 ! lap ( ! surr\nd+ m\nta9s4 ,/4 ,domn91 ! fir/ bi%op1 came1 x is said1 f ,africa at a p]iod v>i\sly /at$ z f #ccj to #cdj ,a4 ,d41 b1 at any rate1 well on into ! f\r? c5tury4 ,8 en?ronem5t appe>s to h be5 und]tak5 amid mu* h]etical /rife1 & 0 only accompli%$ ) ! aid ( ,/4 ,m>cell91 ! ar*bi%op ( ,embrun1 ( :i* ! diocese ( ,digne 0 =m]ly a suffragan4 ,! good ,/4 ,domn9 does n appe> to h made great headway 9 putt+ out ! flame ( h]esy1 ?\gh 8 zeal 0 great & 8 miracles _m4 ,he dep>t$ ?is _w be=e ! dawn ( ! fif? c5tury1 & 8 memory is /ill br\ght to ! m9ds ( ! communicants ( ! ca!dral ea* ye> on ! #ac? ( ,febru>y--8 fte-day--by ! display ( a reliqu>y1 :i* is said to conta9--some:at unemphatically--! rema9s ( 8 head & arm4 ,wond]ful cures are suppos$ to result to ! infirm :o view ?is relique 9 a prop] _s ( v5]ation1 & devils are w>rant$ to be ca/ out f ! true believ] "u l conditions4 ,a c\ncil ( ! ,*ur* 0 held at ,digne 9 #adad4 ,,xxvi ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,die ,! ,augu/a ,dia ( ! ,romans is to-day a dim9utive ,fr5* t[n ly+ at ! foot ( ! coll9e ^: apex 0 =m]ly surm\nt$ by ! m anci5t city4 ,x takes b little ecclesia/ical rank1 & is n ev5 a t\ri/ resort ( r5[n4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a %r9e :i* encloses & surr\nds _m monum5ts ( ! days :i* are gone1 & is possess$ ( an anci5t ,arc de ,triomphe :i* w\ld attract _m ( ! g5us t\ri/e1 did !y b realize its *>m4 ,! ca!dral1 d$icat$ to ! ,virg91 %elt]$ a bi%op's ?rone f ! f\ndation ( ! bi%opric until #abhe1 :5 a hiatus ensu$--app>5tly f "s inexplicable reason--until #afgb1 :5 its episcopal dignity aga9 came into be+4 ,f9ally1 9 #ahja1 ! diocese came to an end4 ,/4 ,m>s 0 ! fir/ bi%op1 ! see hav+ be5 f\nd$ 9 ! ?ird c5tury4 ,! por* ( ?is ca!dral is truly rem>kable1 hav+ be5 tak5 f a =m] temple to ,cybele1 & dates at lea/ f "s ye>s previ\s to ! elev5? c5tury4 ,ano!r portal ( m ?an usual rem>k--kn[n z ! porte r\ge--is fa%ion$ f contempor>y fragm5ts ( ! same p]iod4 ,:ile to all int5ts & purposes ! ca!dral is an e>ly ar*itectural "w1 its rank to-day is t ( a re/or$ or rebuilt *ur* ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! nave is "o ( ! l>ge/ 9 ?is "p ( ,france1 be+ #bgj feet 9 l5g? & sev5ty-six feet 9 wid?4 ,x has no side aisles & is entirely )\t pill>s to break its area1 :i* ( c\rse appe>s m va/ ?an x really is4 ,:at indications !re are :i* w\ld place ! ca!dral among any ( ! di/9ct ar*itectural /yles are ( ! po9t$ v>iety4 ,aside f its magnific5t dim5sions1 !re are no int]ior features ( rem>k except a gorge\s ,r5aissance pulpit & a curi\s cne4 ,,xxvii ,,notre ,,dame ,,et ,,/4 ,,ca/or ,d',,apt ,apt is d\btfully claim$ to h be5 a bi%opric "u ,/4 ,auspice 9 ! fir/ c5tury1 b ! anci5t ,apta ,julia ( ,roman times is to-day little m ?an an int]e/+ by-po9t1 ) b little importance 9 ei!r ecclesiological or art matt]s4 ,its ca!dral--z a ca!dral--ceas$ to exi/ 9 #agij4 ,x is ( ! species :i* w\ld be g5]ally accept$ z ,go?ic1 s f> z ext]ior appe>ances g1 b x is b>e & poor 9 ornam5t & design1 & z a type ranks f> d[n ! scale4 ,9 its int]ior arrangem5ts ! /yle becomes m florid1 & takes on some?+ ( ! elaborat5ess :i* 9 a m ?or\ghly wor?y /ructure w\ld be unrem>k$4 ,! *ief decoration lies 9 ! r elaborate jub1 or *oir-scre51 :i* /&s out f> m prom95tly ?an any o!r int]ior feature1 & is )\t d\bt an admirable example ( ?is n too frequ5t attribute ( a ,fr5* *ur*4 ,?r\gh\t !re are indications ( ! "w ( _m epo*s & eras1 f ! crypt ( ! primitive *ur* to ! ,*apelle de ,/e4 ,anne1 con/ruct$ by ,mans>d 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,?is *apel conta9s "s cr$itable pa9t+s by ,p>rocel1 & yet o!rs1 9 a /ill bett] /yle1 by ,mign>d4 ,! crypt1 :i* =m$ a "p ( ! e>li] *ur* on ?is site1 is ! truly picturesque feature ( ! ca!dral at ,apt1 &1 l _m ( its k9d1 is n[ giv5 ov] to a s]ies ( subt]ranean *apels4 ,among ! o!r attributes ( ! int]ior are a tomb ( ! ,ducs de ,sabron1 a m>ble alt> ( ! twelf? c5tury1 a preci\s enamel ( ! same era1 & a ,gallo-,roma9 s>cophagus ( ! fif? c5tury4 ,z to ! ext]ior effect & ensemble1 ! ca!dral is h>dly to be rem>k$1 ei!r 9 size or spl5d\r1 f ! usual p>i% *ur* ( ! av]age small t[n ( ,france4 ,x does n rise to a v ambiti\s height1 nei!r does its gr\nd-plan sugge/ magnific5t proportions4 ,altoge!r x proves to be a ca!dral :i* is nei!r v int]e/+ nor ev5 picturesque4 ,! little city itself is *>m+ly situat$ on ! banks ( ! ,c\lon1 a small /ream :i* runs gaily on its way to ! ,durance1 at times torr5tial1 :i* 9 turn goes to swell ! flood ( ! ,rhne bel[ ,avignon4 ,! =m] bi%op's palace is n[ ! prfecture & ,mairie4 ,illu/ration ,,xxviii ,,notre ,,dame ,d',,embrun ,embrun1 n unlike its neighb\r+ t[ns 9 ! valley ( ! ,durance1 is possess$ ( ! same picturesque environm5t z ,si/]on & ,digne4 ,x is p]*$ high on t species ( em95ce kn[n 9 ,france z a coll9e1 ?\gh 9 ?is case x does n rise to a v magnific5t height2 :at !re is ( x1 h[ev]1 s]ves to acc5tuate ! picturesque elem5t z no?+ else w\ld4 ,! episcopal dignity ( ! t[n is only p>tial2 x %>es ! di/9ction ) ,aix & ,arles4 ,! glise ,notre ,dame1 ?\gh x is /ill locally kn[n z la ca?drale1 is ( ! twelf? c5tury1 & has a wond]ful old ,romanesque nor? por* & p]i/yle set ab\t ) gracefully proportion$ columns1 ! two =emo/ ( :i* are support$ ^u ! backs ( a pair ( weird-look+ animals1 :i* are suppos$ to repres5t ! twelf?-c5tury /one-cutt]'s conception ( ! k+ ( bea/s4 ,9 ! tympanum ( ?is portal are sculptur$ figures ( ,*ri/ & ! ,evangeli/s1 9 no wise ( rem>kable quality1 b indicat+1 ) ! o!r decorative features1 a c]ta9 luxuriance :i* is n o!rwise sugge/$ 9 ! edifice4 ,! ,romanesque t[] :i* belongs to ! *ur* prop] is1 z to its f\ndations1 ( v e>ly date1 ?\gh1 z a f9i%$ detail1 x is m]ely a rebuilt f\rte5?-c5tury /ructure c>ri$ out on ! old l9es4 ,!re is ano!r t[]1 commonly call$ la t\r brune1 :i* adjo9s ! anci5t bi%op's palace1 & dates f at lea/ a c5tury be=e ! ma9 body ( ! *ur*4 ,! entire edifice pres5ts an ar*itectural mlange t makes x impossible to classify x z ( any "o specific /yle1 b ! op9ion is haz>d$ t x is all ! m int]e/+ a %r9e because ( ?is incongruity4 ,! *oir1 too1 indicates t x has be5 built up f fragm5ts ( a =m] fabric1 :ile ! we/ front is equally unconv9c+1 & has ! add$ curi\s effect ( pres5t+ a v>iegat$ faade1 :i* is1 to say ! lea/ & ! mo/1 v unusual4 ,a simil> sugge/ion is f\nd occasionally 9 ! ,auv]gne1 b ! int]weav+ ( p>ty-col\r$ /one1 9 an attempt to produce v>iety1 has too (t5 n be5 tak5 advantage (4 ,9 ?is case x is n s v pleas+1 b "o has a sort ( sympa!tic reg>d = x nev]!less4 ,9 ! int]ior !re are no con/ructive features ( rem>k2 inde$ !re is little embelli%m5t ( any sort4 ,!re is an eighte5?-c5tury alt>1 9 preci\s m>bles1 work$ aft] ! old mann]1 & 9 ! sacri/y "s alt>-fitt+s ( elaborately work$ ,cordovan lea!r1 a tripty* :i* is dat$ #aeah1 "s brilliant glass ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 & 9 ! nave a ,r5aissance organ-case :i* encloses an organ ( ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury4 ,ne> by is ,mont ,/4 ,guillaume 7#b1fhf metres71 on ^: heights is a sanctuaire frequ5t$ by pilgrims f r\nd ab\t ! :ole valley ( ! ,durance4 ,f ,qu5t9 ,durw>d1 "o recalls ! great devotion ( ! ,dauph9 ( ,france--,l\is ,,xi4--= ! /atue ( ,notre ,dame d',embrun4 ,,xxix ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,l',,assomption ,,de ,,gap ,gap is an anci5t & mo/ attractive little city ( ! ,m>itime ,alps1 ( some?+ less ?an t5 ?\s& inhabitants4 ,its ca!dral is also ! p>i% *ur*1 :i* sugge/s t ! city is n especially dev\t4 ,! *apt] ( ! ca!dral consi/s ( eight canons1 :o1 consid]+ t ! spiritual life ( ! entire ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,hautes-,alpes--"s hundr$ & fifty ?\s& s\ls--is 9 _! c>e1 mu/ h a v busy "t ( x4 ,/4 ,demetrius1 ! fri5d ( ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 has always be5 reg>d$ z ! fir/ apo/le & bi%op ( ! diocese4 ,he came f ,rome to ,gaul 9 ! reign ( ,claudian1 & began 8 "w ( evangelization 9 ! environs ( ,vi5ne "u ,/4 ,cresc5t1 ! disciple ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,f ,vi5ne ,demetrius came imm$iately to ,gap & e/abli%$ ! diocese "h4 ,num]\s conv]sions 7 made & ! ,*ur* quickly ga9$ adh]5ts1 b p]secution 0 yet rife1 z likewise 0 sup]/ition1 & ! prie/s 7 d5\nc$ to ! gov]nors ( ! prov9ce1 :o =?) put !m to dea? 9 true b>b>ic fa%ion4 ,amid ^! inflictions1 h[ev]1 & ! lat] ,prote/ant p]secutions 9 ,dauph91 ! diocese grew to great importance1 & endures to-day z a suffragan ( ,aix1 ,arles1 & ,embrun4 ,! glise de ,gap has ev5 yet ! good =tune to possess p]sonal reliques ( h] fir/ bi%op1 & accord+ly displays !m ) due pride & c]emony on 8 j\r de fte1 ! #bf? ,octob] ( ea* ye>4 ,says a will+ b unkn[+ ,fr5* writ]3 ,_h ,demetrius--:o came to ,gap 9 ! fir/ c5tury--any imm$iate successors8 ,t we _c say4 ,x is a p]iod ( ?ree hundr$ ye>s :i* sep>ates 8 t5ure f t ( ,/4 ,con/ant9e1 ! next prelate ( :om ! records tell4 ,?ree o!r dioceses ( ! =m] ecclesia/ical prov9ce h be5 suppress$1 & ,gap alone has liv$ to ex]t its t9y sph]e ( influ5ce ^u ! religi\s life ( ! pres5t day4 ,! hi/ory ( ,gap has be5 l>gely id5tifi$ ) ! ,prote/ant cause 9 ,dauph94 ,!re is1 9 ! ,prefecture1 a monum5t to ! ,due de ,lesdiguires--,franoise de ,bonne--:o1 f ! lead]%ip ( ! ,prote/ants w5t ov] to ! ,roman fai?1 9 consid]ation ( 8 be+ giv5 ! rank ( ,conntable de ,france4 ,:y ! m]e fact ( 8 apo/asy %\ld h be5 a suffici5t & good reason = ?is aggr&izem5t1 x is difficult to realize 9 ?is late day2 ?\gh we "k ( a =m] telegraph mess5g] :o became a c\nt4 ,ano!r re=m]1 ,guillaume ,f>el1 0 born & liv$ at ,gap4 ,he prea*$ 8 fir/ s]mon1 says ,hi/ory1 at ! mill ( ,bure1 & 8 foll[]s soon drove ! ,ca?olics f ! place2 :5 he himself took possession ( ! pulpits ( ! t[n4 ,f all ?is diss5sion f ! ,roman fai?--?\gh x came comp>atively late 9 po9t ( "t--rose ! app>5t apa?y = *ur*-build+ :i* result$ 9 ! r inf]ior ca!dral at ,gap4 ,no acc\nt ( ?is unimportant *ur* edifice c\ld possibly be ju/ly col\r$ ) en?usiasm4 ,x is n :olly a mean /ructure1 b x is unwor?y ( ! great activities ( ! religi\s devotion ( ! pa/1 & has no pret5ce to ar*itectural wor?1 nor has x any ( ! spl5did appo9tm5ts :i* are usually associat$ ) ! seat ( a bi%op's ?rone4 ,notre ,dame de l',assomption is a mod]n edifice 9 ! /yle ,romano-,go?ique1 & its con/ruction1 ?\gh elaborate bo? inside & out1 is q unappeal+4 ,?is is ! m to be m>vell$ at1 9 t ! hi/ory ( ! diocese is s full ( incid5t2 s f>1 9 fact1 9 advance ( :at ! tangible evid5ces w\ld indicate4 ,,xxx ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,v5ce ,v5ce1--! anci5t ,roman city ( ,v5tium1--) five o!r dioceses ( ! ecclesia/ical prov9ce ( ,embrun1 0 suppress$--z ! seat ( a bi%op--9 #agij4 ,x _h be5 a suffragan bi%opric ( ,embrun s9ce its f\ndation by ,eusbe 9 ! f\r? c5tury4 ,! anci5t ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame is suppos$ to %[ traces ( workman%ip ( ! six?1 t5?1 twelf?1 & fifte5? c5turies1 b1 except+ t ( ! latt] era1 x w be difficult = ! casual obs]v] to place ! di/9ctions ( /yle4 ,! :ole ensemble is ( grim appe>ance2 s mu* s t "o ne$ n hesitate to place x well d[n 9 ! ranks ( ! *ur*-build]'s art1 &1 ei!r f pov]ty ( purse or purpose1 x is q undi/+ui%$4 ,9 its int]ior !re are a few features ( unusual rem>k3 an anci5t s>cophagus1 call$ t ( ,/4 ,vran2 a retable ( ! sixte5? c5tury2 "s r good pa9t+s1 by arti/s app>5tly unkn[n2 & a s]ies ( fifty-"o fifte5?-c5tury *oir-/alls ( q notable excell5ce1 & wor? m z an expression ( arti/ic feel+ ?an all ! o!r features comb9$4 ,! only di/9ction z to con/ructive features is ! fact t !re are no transepts1 & t ! aisles :i* surr\nd ! nave are d\bl$4 ,,xxxi ,,ca?,,drale ,,de ,,sion ,! small city ( ,sion1 ! capital ( ! ,valais1 looks n unlike ! pictures "o sees 9 sixte5?-c5tury hi/orical works4 ,x is brief1 conf9$1 & unobtrusive4 ,x 0 s 9 feudal times1 :5 mo/ ( its ar*itecture p>took ( ! nature ( a /ronghold4 ,x is s to-day1 because little ( mod]nity has come into its life4 ,! city1 t[n1 or f9ally village--= x is h>dly m1 f its great lack ( activity--lies at ! foot ( ?ree l(ty1 isolat$ em95ces4 ,a great conflagration came to ,sion e>ly 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury :i* result$ 9 a new lay-out ( ! t[n & "o really f9e mod]n ?or\ghf>e1 ?\gh be x /ill rem>k$ its life is yet m$ival4 ,^u "o ( ^! ov]%ad[+ heights is ! pres5t episcopal resid5ce1 & on ano!r ! rema9s ( a =tress--=m]ly ! /ronghold ( ! bi%ops ( ,sion4 ,on ?is height ( ,la ,valre /&s ! v anci5t *ur* ( ,/e4 ,ca!r9e 7) a t5? or elev5?-c5tury *oir71 occupy+1 x is said1 ! site ( a ,roman temple4 ,9 ! mid-n9ete5? c5tury ! ,jesuits ga9$ a consid]able influ5ce "h & congregat$ 9 l>ge numb]s4 ,! city 0 ! anci5t ,s$anum1 & 9 old5 "t ! bi%op bore also ! title ( ,pr9ce ( ! ,holy ,empire4 ,! p[] ( ?is prelate 0 practically unlimit$1 & ord9ances ( /ate 71 z late z ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 made 9 8 "n1 & 8 arms =m$ ! embelli%m5ts ( ! public build+s & b\nd>y po/s4 ,rudolf ,,iii41 k+ ( ,burgundy1 f ! ye> #ajjj1 made !m c\nts ( ,valais4 ,/4 ,?odule 0 ! fir/ bi%op ( ,sion1--9 ! f\r? c5tury1--& is ! patron ( ! diocese4 ,9 #ajgj ! bi%op ( ,sion came to ,engl& z papal legate to consecrate ,walkel9 to ! see ( ,w9*e/]4 ,9 #aeaf ,bi%op ,s*9n] came to ,engl& to procure f9ancial aid f ,h5ry ,,viii4 to c>ry on w> aga9/ ,france4 ,! ca!dral 9 ! l[] t[n is a fifte5?-c5tury "w :i* ought--_h ! mann] ( *ur*-build+ "h 9 ?is isolat$ region kept pace ) ! outside _w--to be ,r5aissance 9 /yle4 ,9 reality1 x sugge/s no?+ b ! e>lie/ ( ,go?ic1 &1 9 p>ts1 ev5 ,romanesque2 !re=e x is to be rem>k$1 if n admir$4 ,ne> by is ! mod]n episcopal resid5ce4 ,! records tell ( ! extraord9>y beauty & value ( ! trsor1 :i* =m]ly belong$ to ! ca!dral3 an ivory pyx1 a reliqu>y1 & a magnific5t manuscript ( ! ,gospels--giv5 by ,*>les ! ,great to ,/4 ,maurice1 & acquir$ by ! t[n 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,?is mu/ at "s =m] "t h be5 disp]s$1 z no trace ( x is kn[n to-day4 ,sion 0 =m]ly a suffragan bi%opric ( ,t>antaise1 :i* 9 turn has become to-day a suffragan ( ,*ambry4 ,,xxxii ,,/4 ,,paul ,,trois ,,*,,teaux ,/4 ,paul ,trois ,*teaux is a v old settlem5t4 ,z a bi%opric x 0 kn[n anci5tly z ,trica/91 & dates f ! second c5tury4 ,/4 ,re/uit 0 its fir/ bi%op4 ,x 0 =m]ly ! seat ( ! anci5t ,roman colony ( ,augu/a ,trica/9orum4 ,tradition is responsible = ! ass]tion t ,/4 ,paul 0 ! fir/ prelate ( ! diocese1 & be+ born bl9d 0 cur$ by ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,?is holy man1 aft] hav+ recov]$ 8 sight1 took ! "n ( ,re/uit1 "u :i* "n he is /ill locally hon\r$4 ,"o ( 8 successors erect$ to 8 hon\r1 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 a *apel & an alt>4 ,^!1 ( c\rse h disappe>$--h5ce we h only tradition1 :i*1 to say ! lea/1 & ! mo/1 is1 9 ?is case1 q leg5d>y4 ,! city 0 deva/at$ 9 ! fif? c5tury by ! ,v&als2 9 #agcf by ! ,s>ac5s2 & tak5 & retak5 by ! ,prote/ants & ,ca?olics 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,z a bi%opric ! ,trica/9 city compris$ b ?irty-six p>i%es1 & 9 ! re>rangem5t att5dant ^u ! ,revolution 0 suppress$ altoge!r4 ,n9ety-five bi%ops 9 all _h _! seats "h up to ! "t ( suppression4 ,c]ta9ly ! religi\s hi/ory ( ?is t9y city has be5 mo/ vigor\s & active4 ,! city cons]ves to-day some:at ( its anci5t bir?right1 & is a picturesque & romantic spot1 9 :i* all may t>ry a:ile amid its tortu\s /reets & ! spl5did rema9s ( its old-"t build]s4 ,few d drop (f1 ev51 9 _! annual ru% s\?w>d1 9 season or out1 & ! result is t ,/4 ,paul ,trois ,*teaux is to-day a delightfully old _w spot 9 ! mo/ significant mean+ ( ! phrase4 ,( c\rse ! habitant /ill ref]s to ! seat ( ! =m] bi%op's ?rone z a ca!dral1 & x is ) p>donable pride t he does s4 ,?is preci\s old elev5? & twelf?-c5tury *ur* is possess$ ( z ende>+ & int]e/+ an aspect z ! city itself4 ,x has be5 re/or$ 9 rec5t times1 b is mu* hidd5 by ! h\ses :i* hov] ar\nd its walls4 ,x has a unique portal :i* op5s betwe5 two jutt+ columns ^: %afts uphold no?+--n ev5 capitals4 ,9 fact1 ! g5]al plan ( ! ca!dral foll[s t ( ! ,lat9 cross1 ?\gh 9 ?is in/ance x is ( r robu/ proportions4 ,! transepts1 :i* are nei!r deep nor wide1 are t]m9at$ ) an apse1 z is also ! *oir1 :i* dep5ds1 = its embelli%m5ts1 ^u ! decorative effect produc$ by eight ,cor9?ian columns4 ,! int]ior1 ! nave 9 p>ticul>1 is ( unusual height = a n v gr& /ructure2 p]haps eighty feet4 ,its l5g? is h>dly great]4 ,! ord]s ( columns rise vaultw>ds1 surm\nt$ by a simple entablature4 ,^! are p]haps n ( ! species t has come to be reg>d$ z good =m 9 ,*ri/ian ar*itecture1 b :i*1 = _m reasons1 h f\nd _! way into *ur*-build+1 bo? be=e & s9ce ! rise ( ,go?ic4 ,"u a tri=ium1 9 bl9d1 is a sculptur$ drap]y2 aga9 a feature m pagan ?an ,*ri/ian1 b :i* is "h m pleas+ ?an :5 usually f\nd 9 su* a false relation4 ,bo? ^! details are 9 imitation ( ! antique1 &1 s9ce !y date f long be=e ! simulat+ ( pseudo-classical details became a m]e fad1 are ! m int]e/+ & valuable z an art-expression ( ! "t4 ,= ! re/1 ?is "o-"t ca!dral is uncommon & mo/ s+ul> 9 all its p>ts1 ?\gh n[h]e ( v great inh]5t beauty4 ,an anci5t gateway be>s a /atue ( ! ,virg94 ,x 0 ! gift ( a =m] ,ar*bi%op ( ,p>is to ! t[n ( 8 bir?4 ,an anci5t ,dom9ican conv5t is n[ ! cole ,normale des ,petits ,frres de ,m>ie4 ,)9 its wall h rec5tly be5 discov]$ a valuable mosaic "w1 & a table or alt> ( c>v$ /one4 ,9 ! suburbs ( ! t[n h also rec5tly be5 f\nd mu* beautiful ,roman "w ( a decorative nature2 a geometric p>*m5t 9 mosaic2 a sup]b lamp1 9 work$ bronze2 a head ( ,m]cury 7n[ 9 ! ,l\vre71 & mu* treasure :i* w\ld make any antiqu>ian lit]ally leap = joy1 7 he b pres5t :5 !y 7 une>!d4 ,altoge!r ! brief rsum %\ld make = a desire to "k m ( ?is anci5t city ^: "n1 ev51 is sc>cely kn[n to ^? mu*-travell$ p]sons :o cross & recross ,france 9 pursuit ( ! pleasures ( conv5tion alone4 ,,"p ,,iv ,! ,m$it]ranean ,coa/ ,i ,,introductory ,! ,m$it]ranean %ore ( ! s\? ( ,france1 t delectable l& :i* fr+es ! great tideless sea1 bespeaks ! v _s ( hi/ory & romance1 ( ,*ri/ian f]v\r1 & ( pr(ane riot & blood%$4 ,its anci5t prov9ces1--,l[] ,langu$oc1 ! ,n>bon5sis ( ,gaul2 ,prov5ce1 ! mo/ glori\s & gold5 ( all t w5t to make up mod]n ,france1--! m$ival capital ( ,k+ ,r51 ,aix-en-,prov5ce1 & ! comm]cial capital ( ! ,phoceans 7#eei ,b4 ,c471 ,massilia1 all comb9e 9 a weal? ( /ori$ lore :i* is inexhau/ible4 ,! tide ( latt]-day travel desc5ds ! ,rhne to ,m>seilles1 turns ea/w>d to ! conv5tional pleasures ( ! ,rivi]a1 & utt]ly neglects ! *>ms ( ,la ,crau1 ,/4 ,rmy1 ,m>tiques1 & ,aigues-,mortes2 or ! m progressive1 ?\gh /ill anci5t ca!dral cities ( ,montpelli]1 ,bzi]s1 ,n>bonne1 or ,p]pignan4 ,!re is no "q b t ! ,fr5* ,rivi]a is1 9 w9t]1 a l& ( sun%9y days1 cool nights1 & ! m or ! less rapid life ( fa%ion4 ,:i* ( ^! attractions induces ! droves ( p]sonally-1 semi-1 & non-conduct$ t\ri/s to j\rney ?i!r1 ) ! fir/ adv5t ( nor!rn rig\r1 is d\btful2 x is probably1 h[ev]1 a comb9ation ( all ?ree4 ,x is a beautiful /rip ( coa/-l9e f ,m>seilles to ,m5tone1 & its t[ns & cities are mo/ attractively plac$4 ,b a soj\rn !re 9 ! season1 amid ! luxury ( a palace-hotel1 or ! b>5ess ( a m$iocre p5sion1 is a ?+ to be dread$4 ,seek]s aft] heal? & pleasure are suppos$ to be wond]fully rec\p$ by ! process2 b ?is is m ?an d\btful4 ,vice is r>ely attractive1 b x is always made attractive1 & weak tea & pa9 de mnage 9 a ,rivi]a bo>d+-h\se are no m /imulat+ ?an else:]e2 h5ce ! _m virtues ( ?is sunlit l& are greatly nullifi$4 ,a peculi>ity ( ! ,rivi]a is t ea* ( ! prom95t wat]+-places possesses a tutel>y deity ( our own4 7,mode/ ?is67 ,?us1 = in/ance1 no visitor to ,cannes is all[$ to =get ! "n ( ,"l ,br\gham1 :ile ! int]e/ at ,beaulieu & ,cap ,m>t9 c5tres ar\nd ano!r great ,engli% /atesman1 ,"l ,salisbury4 ,cap d',antibes has 7or _h7 = its g5ius loci ,grant ,all51 & ,valescure is *iefly conc]n$ ) ,mrs4 ,humphry ,w>d & ,mrs4 ,oliphant4 ,?is quotation is1 p]haps1 en\gh to make ! writ]'s po9t "h3 ,:y g to ! ,rivi]a to ?9k ( ,"l ,br\gham1 long s9ce dead & gone1 any m ?an to ,monte ,c>lo to be rem9d$ ( ! un=tunate end :i* happ5$ to ! great sy/em = break+ ! bank ( ,"l----1 a n9ete5?-c5tury nobleman ( notoriety--if n ( fame8 ,! *>m ( situation ( ! ,rivi]a is great1 & ! int]e/ awak5$ by its _m rem9d]s ( ! hi/ori$ pa/ is equally s2 b1 ) reg>d to its ar*itectural rema9s1 ! mo/ ready & will+ temp]am5t w be doom$ to disappo9tm5t4 ,! ca!dral cities ( ! ,rivi]a are n ( irresi/ible attraction z %r9es ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?2 b !y h mu* else1 ei!r )9 _! conf9es or 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood1 :i* w g f> to make up = ! defici5cy ( _! religi\s monum5ts4 ,x is n t ! ar*itectural rema9s ( *ur*es ( ano!r day1 & secul> e/abli%m5ts1 are :olly want+4 ,f> f x2 ,frjus1 ,t\lon1 ,grasse1 & ,cannes are possess$ ( delightful old *ur*es1 ?\gh !y are n ( rank+ greatness1 or spl5d\r4 ,/ill ! fact rema9s t1 ( !mselves1 ! natural beauties ( ! region & ! h]itage ( a hi/oric pa/ are n en\gh to attract ! ?rongs :i*1 = any "o ( a doz5 suspect$ reasons1 annually1 f ,novemb] to ,m>*1 flock hi!r to ?is range ( t[ns1 :i* ext5ds f ,hyres & ,/4 ,raphael1 on ! we/1 to ,bordigh]a & ,ospadeletti1 j ov] ! ,italian bord]1 on ! ea/4 ,x is truly hi/oric gr\nd1 ?is2 p]haps m visibly impress$ ^u ! m9d & imag9ation ?an any o!r 9 ! _w1 if we except ! ,holy ,l& itself4 ,along ?is b\nd>y 7 ! two ma9 r\tes1 by l& & by wat]1 ?r\gh :i* ! w>like & civil in/itutions ( ,rome fir/ made _! way into ,gaul1 conqu]$ x1 & impress$ !reon indelibly = five hundr$ ye>s ! mighty p[] :i* _! ambition urg$ =w>d4 ,at ,cimiez1 a suburb ( ,nice1 !y h left a well-pres]v$ amphi!atre2 at ,antibes ! rema9s ( ,roman t[]s2 ,villefran*e--! port ( ,nice--0 =m]ly a ,roman port2 ,frjus1 ! =m] ,=um ,julii1 has rema9s ( its anci5t h>b\r1 its city walls1 an amphi!atre1 a gateway1 & an ar*1 &1 at "s di/ance f ! city1 ! *ief ( all neighb\r+ rema9s1 an aqu$uct1 ! crumbl+ /ones ( :i* c be trac$ = _m miles4 ,above ! promontory ( ,monaco1 :]e ! ,alps abruptly meet ! sea1 /&s ! t9y village ( ,la ,turbie1 "s n9ete5 hundr$ feet above ! wat]s ( ! sp>kl+ly brilliant ,m$it]ranean4 ,"h /&s t v5]able ru9$ t[]1 ! great ,trophoea ,augu/i ( ! ,romans1 n[ /ay$ & /rutt$ by mod]n masonry4 ,x commemorates ! ,alp9e victories ( ! fir/ ( ! emp]ors1 & ov]looks bo? ,italy & ,france4 ,/ripp$ to-day ( ! decorations & sculptures :i* once grac$ its walls1 x /&s z a rem9d] ( ! fir/ spl5did introduction ( ! luxuriant ar*itecture ( ,rome into ! prec9cts ( ! ,we/]n ,empire4 ,"h x may be recall$ t sket*+1 ev5 f ! hilltops1 is a some:at risky proce$+ = ! arti/4 ,! surr\nd+ em95ces--z w\ld be likely s ne> ! ,italian bord]--are frequ5tly capp$ ) a =tress1 & occupi$ by a small g>rison1 ! sole duty ( ^: comm&ant appe>s to be head+ (f1 or worse1 ^? :o w\ld make a picturesque note ( ! environm5t ( ?is ci-devant ,roman /ronghold4 ,! process ( transcrib+ lit]>y notes is look$ ^u ) equal suspicion1 or ev5 great] disapproval1 9 t--9 ,engli%--!y are n s readily translat$ z is ev5 a bad draw+4 ,s ! admonition is "h advis$ly giv5 = :om x may conc]n4 ,f ! ,rhne ea/w>d1 ,m>seilles alone has any *ur* ( a class wor?y to rank ) ^? truly great4 ,its pres5t ca!dral ( ,/e4 ,m>ie-,majeure assur$ly takes1 bo? z to its plan & ! magnitude on :i* x has be5 c>ri$ out1 ! rank ( a ma/]work ( ar*itecture4 ,x is a mod]n ca!dral1 b x is a gr& & impos+ basilica1 aft] ! ,byzant9e mann]4 ,we/w>d1 if we except ,bzi]s1 :]e !re is a comm&+ ca!dral2 ,n>bonne1 :]e ! true sky-po9t+ ,go?ic is to be f\nd2 & ,p]pignan1 :]e !re is a v anci5t ?\gh peculi>ly dispos$ ca!dral1 !re are no really gr& ca!dral *ur*es ( ?is or any o!r day4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 all ^! cities are possess$ ( a subtle *>m ( mann] & environm5t :i* tell a /ory peculi>ly _! own4 ,=emo/ among ^! cities ( ,s\!rn ,gaul1 :i* h p]haps ! greate/ & mo/ appeal+ int]e/ = ! travell]1 are ,c>cassonne & ,aigues-,mortes4 ,ea* ( ^! rem>kable rem9d]s ( days t are gone is unlike any?+ else:]e4 ,_! v decay & practical des]tion make = an int]e/ :i* w\ld o!rwise be unatta9able4 ,aigues-,mortes has no ca!dral1 nor ev] _h2 b ,c>cassonne has a v beautiful1 ?\gh small1 example 9 ,/4 ,nazaire1 treat$ else:]e 9 ?is book4 ,bo? ,aigues-,mortes & ,c>cassonne are ! la/1 & ! greate/1 examples ( ! fam\s wall$ & =tifi$ cities ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,aigues-,mortes itself is a m]e dead ?+ ( ! m>%es1 :i* once held t5 ?\s& s\ls1 & witness$ all ! pomp & glitt] :i* att5d$ ^u ! emb>k+ ( ,l\is ,,ix4 on 8 *ivalr\s1 b ill-/>r$1 v5tures to ! ,african coa/s4 ,"h 0 a city built by ! :im ( a k+--! la/ ( ! ,royal ,crusad]s4 ,to-day x is a c(f9-l city ) p]haps a c\ple ( ?\s& pallid1 %ak+ mortals1 /riv+ aga9/ ! m>%-fev]1 among ! ru9$ h\ses1 & )9 ! m\ld]+ walls ( an anci5t ,go?ic burgh4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,ramp>ts ( ,aigues-,mortes ,illu/ration3 ,/4 ,sauveur d',aix ,,ii ,,/4 ,,sauveur ,d',,aix ,aix1 ! =m] capital ( ,prov5ce1 "o ( ! mo/ fam\s anci5t prov9ces1 ! e>ly seat ( weal? & civilization1 & ! native l& ( ! poetry & romance ( m$ivalism1 0 ! /ill m anci5t ,aqu ,sexti ( ! ,romans--s nam$ = ! hot spr+s ( ! neighb\rhood4 ,x 0 _! olde/ colony 9 ,gaul1 & 0 f\nd$ by ,sextius ,calv9us 9 ,b4 ,c4 #abc4 ,9 ,k+ ,r5's "t1--le bon roi di$ at ,aix 9 #adhj1--;,aix-en-,prov5ce 0 m fam\s ?an ev] z a gay capital1 :]e mir? & song & mu* good w9e reign$1 if n to a deg5]ate ext5t1 at lea/ to ! full expression ( lib]ty4 ,9 #adha1 j subsequ5t to ,r5's dea?1 ! prov9ce 0 annex$ to ! ,cr[n1 & fifty ye>s lat] fell into ! h&s ( ,*>les ,v41 :o 0 proclaim$ ,k+ ( ,arles & ,prov5ce4 ,?is mon>*'s reign "h 0 ( %ort duration1 & he evacuat$ ! city aft] two mon?s' t5ure4 ,dur+ all ?is "t ! *ur* ( ,aix1 f ! f\ndation ( ! ar*bi%opric by ,/4 ,max9e 9 ! fir/ c5tury 7z /at$ r d\btfully 9 ! ,gallia ,*ri/iania71 ev] advanc$ h& 9 h& ) ! m$ival gaiety & spl5d\r t is n[ pa/4 ,:o ev] goes to ,aix n[8 ,n _m ,rivi]a t\ri/s ev51 & n _m1 unless !y are on a mission b5t1 w cross ! ,rhne & ! ,durance :5 su* appeal+ly attractive cities z ,arles1 ,avignon1 & ,nmes lie on ! direct pa?way f nor? to s\?4 ,=m]ly ! see 0 kn[n z ! ,prov9ce ( ,aix4 ,to-day x is kn[n z ,aix1 ,arles1 & ,embrun1 & cov]s ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,b\*es-du-,rhne1 ) ! exception ( ,m>seilles1 :i* is a suffragan bi%opric ( itself4 ,! *ief ecclesia/ical monum5ts ( ,aix are ! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,sauveur1 ) its mo/ unusual bapti/re2 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,jean-de-,malte ( ! f\rte5? c5tury2 & ! comp>atively mod]n e>ly eighte5?-c5tury *ur* ( ,la ,madele9e1 ) a f9e ,annunciation confid5tly attribut$ by local exp]ts to ,albre*t ,dr]4 ,! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,sauveur is1 9 "p1 an elev5?-c5tury *ur*4 ,! portions rema9+ ( ?is era are n v ext5sive1 b !y d exi/1 & ! *oir1 :i* 0 add$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 made ! fir/ approa* to a complet$ /ructure4 ,9 ! next c5tury ! *oir 0 /ill m elaborat$1 & ! t[] & ! s\!rn aisle ( ! nave add$4 ,?is nave is1 !re=e1 ! orig9al nave1 z ! nor!rn aisle 0 n add$ until well into ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! we/ faade conta9s a wond]ful1 ?\gh non-contempor>y1 door & doorway 9 wood & /one ( ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury4 ,?is doorway is 9 two bays1 divid$ by a pi]1 on :i* is sup]impos$ a /atue ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 fram$ by a light g>l& ( foliage & fruits4 ,above are twelve t9y /atuettes ( ,sibylles or ! !ological virtues plac$ 9 two r[s4 ,! l[] range ( ! ar*ivolt is divid$ by pila/]s be>+ ! symbols ( ! ,evangeli/s1 deeply cut arabesques ( ! ,g5ii1 & ! f\r great] prophets--,isaiah1 ,j]emiah1 ,ezekiel1 & ,daniel4 ,tak5 toge!r1 ^! late sculptures ( ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury =m an unusually mix$ lot2 b _! workman%ip & disposition are pleas+ & ( an excell5ce :i* 9 _m c>v+s ( an e>li] date is (t5 lack+4 ,! int]ior %[s e>ly po9t$ & simple r\nd ar*es1 ) pila/]s & p$im5t :i* be> little relation to ,go?ic1 & are yet n ,romanesque ( ! conv5tional v>iety4 ,^! features are ma9ly n sugge/ive ( ! ,r5aissance ei!r1 ?\gh "w ( ?is /yle crops out1 z might be expect$1 9 ! add$ nor? aisle ( ! nave4 ,! transepts1 too1 :i* are h>dly to be rem>k$ f ! outside1--be+ mu* hemm$ ab\t by ! surr\nd+ build+s1--also indicate _! ,r5aissance orig94 ,! real embelli%m5ts ( ! int]ior are3 a tripty*--,! ,burn+ ,bu%1 ) portraits ( ,k+ ,r51 ,que5 ,jeanne de ,laval1 & o!rs2 ano!r ( ,! ,annunciation2 a pa9t+ ( ,/4 ,?omas1 by a sixte5?-c5tury ,flemi% arti/2 & "s sixte5?-c5tury tape/ries4 ,none ( ^! features1 :ile acceptable en\gh z works ( art1 comp>e 9 wor? or novelty ) ! t9y bapti/re1 :i* is claim$ z ( ! six? c5tury4 ,?is is an unusual "w 9 ,gaul1 ! only o!r examples be+ at ,poiti]s & ,le ,puy4 ,x resembles 9 plan & outl9e its m fam\s contempor>y at ,rav5na1 & %[s eight antique columns1 f a =m] temple to ,apollo1 ) d>k %afts & light] capitals4 ,! dome has a mod]n /ucco f9i%1 little 9 keep+ ) ! g5]al tone & purport ( ?is accessory4 ,! cloi/] ( ,/ ,sauveur1 9 ! ,lomb>d /yle1 is v curi\s1 ) its assort$ twi/$ & pla9 columns1 "s ev5 knott$4 ,! orig9 ( its /yle is aga9 bespoke 9 c]ta9 ( ! r\nd-head$ ar*es4 ,altoge!r1 z an accessory to ! ca!dral1 if to no o!r ext5t1 ?is ,lomb>d detail is =ceful & int]e/+4 ,,iii ,,/4 ,,rep>ata ,,de ,,nice ,:at w\ld y1 !n8 ,i say x is mo/ engag+1 9 w9t] :5 ! /rang]s are "h1 & all "w day & night2 b x is a mu* bett] place 9 summ]1 :5 "o c take _! ease4 --,,paul ,,ar,,ne4 ,:atev] may be ! attractions ( ,nice = ! travell$ p]son1 !y c]ta9ly d n lie 9 or ab\t its ca!dral4 ,! guide-books call x simply ! pr9cipal ecclesia/ical edifice 444 ( no great int]e/1 :i* is an apt en\gh qualification4 ,9 a book :i* pr(esses to treat ( ! special subject ( ca!dral *ur*es1 some?+ m is expect$1 if only to def9e ! reason ( ! lack ( appeal+ int]e/4 ,"o might say ) ! ,abb ,b\rass1--:o wrote ( ,/4 ,l\is de ,v]sailles1--,x is cold1 unfeel+1 & )\t life2 or he might dismiss x ) a few words ( lukew>m praise1 :i* w\ld be ev5 less satisfy+4 ,m specifically ! obs]vation might be pass$ t ! lov] ( *ur*es w h>dly f9d en\gh to w>rant ev5 pass+ consid]ation on ! entire ,rivi]a4 ,?is la/ is 9 a great measure true1 ?\gh mu* ( ! incid5t ( hi/ory & romance is wov5 ab\t :at--s f> z ! *ur*-lov] is conc]n$--may be t]m$ m]e t\ri/ po9ts4 ,at all ev5ts1 he :o makes ! r\nd1 f ,m>seilles to ,san ,remo 9 ,italy1 mu/ to no small ext5t subord9ate 8 love ( ecclesia/ical art &--z d ! majority ( visitors--plunge into a :irl ( gaiety 7sic7 z conv5tional & unsatisfy+ z are mo/ fulsome1 fleet+ pleasures4 ,! s5sation is agreeable en\gh to mo/ ( u1 = a "t at lea/1 b ! =c$ & artificial gaiety soon palls1 & he :o puts x all beh9d him1 & /rikes inl& to ,aix & ,embrun & ! romantically dispos$ little ca!dral t[ns ( ! valley ( ! ,durance1 w come once aga9 into an ar*itectural zone m 9 comport ) ! subject sugge/$ by ! title ( ?is book4 ,x is curi\s to note t1 ) ! exception ( ,m>seilles & ,aix1 sc>ce "o ( ! suffragan dioceses ( ! anci5t ecclesia/ical prov9ce ( ,aix1 ,arles1 & ,embrun is possess$ ( a ca!dral ( ! magnitude :i* we are wont to associate ) ! *ur*ly dignity ( a bi%op4 ,/4 ,rep>ata de ,nice is dismiss$ z above2 t ( ,antibes 0 e>ly transf]r$ or comb9$ ) t ( ,grasse2 ,grasse itself endur$ = a "t--f #abde onw>d--b 0 suppress$ 9 #agij2 ,gl&ve1 ,s5ez1 & ,riez 7 comb9$ ) ,digne2 :ile ,frjus has become subord9ate to ,t\lon1 ?\gh x %>es episcopal dignity ) t city4 ,9 spite ( ^! *anges & ! app>5tly inexplicable tangle ( ! limits ( jurisdiction :i* has spread ov] ?is entire region1 religion has1 z might be inf]r$ f a /udy ( ! movem5t ( e>ly ,*ri/ianity 9 ,gaul1 ev] be5 prom95t 9 ! life ( ! p1 & fur!rmore is ( v long /&+4 ,! fir/ bi%op ( ,nice 0 ,amantius1 :o came 9 ! f\r? c5tury4 ,) :at effect he lab\r$ & ) :at real effect 8 lab\rs result$1 hi/ory does n /ate ) m9uti4 ,! "n fir/ giv5 to ! diocese 0 ,cem5elium4 ,9 #ahjb ! diocese ( ,nice 0 alli$ ) t ( ,aix1 b 9 ! f9al readju/m5t its individuality became its own possession once m1 & x is n[ a bi%opric1 a suffragan ( ,m>seilles4 ,z to ar*itectural spl5d\r1 or ev5 wor?1 ,/4 ,rep>ata de ,nice has none4 ,x is a poor1 mean fabric 9 ! ,italian /yle2 q unsuitable 9 its dim5sions to ev5 ! prop] exploitation ( any beauties t ! /yle ( ! ,r5aissance may o!rwise possess4 ,! g5]al impression t x makes ^u "o is t x is b a make%ift or sub/itute = some?+ m pret5ti\s :i* is to come4 ,! *ur* dates f #afej only1 & is entirely unwor?y z an expression ( religi\s art or ar*itecture4 ,! /ructure itself is b>e ?r\gh\t1 & :at decorative embelli%m5ts !re are--?\gh num]\s--are gaudy1 aft] ! mann] ( /age t9sel4 ,,iv ,,/e4 ,,m>ie ,,majeure ,,de ,,t\lon ,! episcopal dignity ( ,t\lon is to-day %>$ ) ,frjus1 :]eas1 at ! f\nd+ ( ! diocese1 ,t\lon /ood alone z a bi%opric 9 ! ecclesia/ical prov9ce ( ,arles4 ,?is 0 9 ! fif? c5tury4 ,:5 ! readju/m5t came1 aft] ! ,revolution1 ! hon\r 0 divid$ ) ! neighb\r+ coa/ t[n ( ,frjus4 ,9 spite ( ! fact t ! ca!dral "h is ( exce$+ int]e/1 ,t\lon is mo/ (t5 ?\ght ( z ! *ief naval /ation ( ,france 9 ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,f ?is fact signs ( ! workaday _w are = ev] ?ru/+ !mselves be=e "o4 ,z a seaport1 ,t\lon is admirably situat$ & plann$1 b ! contra/ betwe5 ! new & old qu>t]s ( ! t[n & ! fr[n+ =tifications1 docks1 & /oreh\ses is a jumble ( utilit>ian accessories :i* does n make = ! slighte/ arti/ic or /hetic int]e/4 ,/e4 ,m>ie ,majeure is a ,romanesque edifice ( ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies4 ,its faade is an add$ memb] ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & ! belfry ( ! c5tury foll[+4 ,! *ur* to-day is ( "s consid]able magnitude1 z ! "w ( ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies compreh5d$ ext5sive enl>gem5ts4 ,z to its specific /yle1 x has be5 call$ ,prov5al z well z ,romanesque4 ,x is h>dly "o or ! o!r1 z ! pure types kn[n else:]e are consid]$1 b r a bl5d or transition betwe5 ! two4 ,! edifice und]w5t a twelf?-c5tury re/oration1 :i* d\btless 0 ! opportunity = incorporat+ ) ! ,romanesque fabric c]ta9 details :i* we h come s9ce to "k z ,prov5al4 ,dur+ ! ,revolution ! ca!dral suff]$ mu* despoliation1 z 0 usual1 & only came ?r\gh ! trial 9 a some:at imp]fect & pov]ty-/rick5 condition4 ,/ill1 x pres5ts to-day "s consid]able spl5d\r1 if n actual magnific5ce4 ,its nave is = m reasons ?an "o q rem>kable4 ,x has a l5g? ( p]haps a hundr$ & sixty feet1 & a wid? sc>cely ?irty-five1 :i* gives an a/oni%+ effect ( n>r[ness1 b "o :i* bespeaks a c]ta9 grace & lightness nev]!less--or w\ld1 7 its con/ructive elem5ts ( a little light] ord]4 ,9 a *apel to ! "r ( ! *oir is a f9e mod]n r]$os1 & ?r\gh\t !re are _m pa9t+s ( acceptable1 if n great1 wor?4 ,! pulpit1 by a native ( ,t\lon1 is usually admir$1 b is a mod]n "w :i* 9 no way comp>es ) o!rs ( its k9d se5 along ! ,rh9e1 & inde$ ?r\gh\t ,g]many4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal features :i* decorate ! int]ior is a tab]nacle by ,puget2 :ile an admirable sculptur$ ,jehovah & ! ,angels by ,veyri]1 & a ,virg9 by ,canova--:i* truly is n a great "w--complete ! li/ ( arti/ic accessories4 ,! fir/ bi%op ( ,t\lon1 9 ! fif? c5tury1 0 "o ,honor4 ,v ,,/4 ,,eti5ne ,,de ,,fr,,jus ,! anci5t episcopal city ( ,frjus has p]haps m ?an a due %>e ( ! attractions = ! /ud5t & lov] ( ! hi/oric pa/4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ anci5t cities ( ,prov5ce4 ,its *>m ( environm5t1 p1 & mu* else t x (f]s1 on ! surface or bel[1 are z irresi/ible a galaxy z "o c f9d 9 a small t[n ( sc>ce ?ree ?\s& inhabitants4 ,& ,frjus is "r on ! beat5 track1 too1 ?\gh x is n app>5t t ! usual run ( pleasure-lov+1 t5nis-play+1 & danc+-p>ty species ( t\ri/--at a small sum p] head1 all includ$--ev] /op "h en r\te to ! t[n's m fa%ionable ,rivi]a neighb\rs--at lea/ !y d n en masse--z !y w+ _! way to ! m delectable pleasures ( naughty ,nice or precise & prop] ,m5tone4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( a bi%opric "h is some:at d\btfully giv5 by ,la ,gallia ,*ri/iania z hav+ be5 9 ! f\r? c5tury4 ,c\pl$ ) ?is /atem5t is ! ass]tion t ! ca!dral at ,frjus is v anci5t1 & its f\ndation v obscure2 b t x 0 probably built up f ! rema9s ( a primitive temple consecrat$ to an idol4 ,su*1 at lea/1 is ! in=mation glean$ f a ,fr5* s\rce1 :i* does n 9 any way sugge/ room = d\bt4 ,=m]ly ! religi\s adm9i/ration 0 divid$ among/ a provo/1 an ar*deacon1 a sacri/an1 & twelve canons4 ,! diocese 0 suppress$ 9 #ahja & unit$ ) t ( ,aix1 b 0 re/abli%$ 9 #ahbc by virtue ( ! ,concordat ( #ahag4 ,to-day ! diocese divides ! hon\r ( ar*iepiscopal dignity ) t ( ,t\lon4 ,! f\ndations ( ,/4 ,eti5ne are admitt$ly ^? ( a pagan temple1 b ! bulk ( ! ma9 body ( ! *ur* is ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,! t[] & its spire--n :olly beautiful1 nor yet 9 any way unbeautiful--are ( ! p]iod ( ! ogivale primaire4 ,z to /yle1 9 s f> z ,/4 ,eti5ne diff]s greatly f ! e>ly ,go?ic ( conv5tion1 x is g5]ally designat$ z ,prov5al-,romanesque4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 /rangely ak9 to :at we "k else:]e z primitive ,go?ic1 & z su* x is wor?y ( rem>k1 situat$1 z x is1 "h 9 ! l& :]e ! pure r\nd-ar*$ /yle is indig5\s4 ,! portal has a doorway ornam5t$ ) "s indiff]5t ,r5aissance sculptures4 ,to ! left ( ?is doorway is a bapti/re conta9+ a numb] ( granite columns1 :i*1 judg+ f _! crud5ess1 mu/ be ( g5u9e antiquity4 ,!re is an anci5t ,go?ic cloi/]1 h>dly embryotic1 b /ill v rudim5t>y1 because ( ! lack ( pi]c+s ( ! ar*es2 possibly1 ?\gh1 ?is is ! result ( an aft]?\ght1 z ! ar*$ op5+s appe> likely en\gh to h be5 fill$ up at "s "t subsequ5t to ! fir/ erection ( ?is feature4 ,! bi%op's palace is ( extraord9>y magnitude & impressiv5ess1 ?\gh ( no v great spl5d\r4 ,9 its fabric are incorporat$ a s]ies ( ,gallo-,roman pila/]s1 & x has ! fur!r add$ embelli%m5t ( a pair ( graceful tw9 t\relles4 ,! ,roman rema9s ?r\gh\t ! city are num]\s & spl5did1 &1 z a =m] seaport1 f\nd$ by ,cs> & enl>g$ by ,augu/us1 ! city 0 at a =m] "t ev5 m spl5did ?an its fragm5ts might indicate4 ,to-day1 ow+ to ! build+ up ( ! =e%ore1 & ! alluvial deposits wa%$ d[n by ! riv] ,arg5s1 ! t[n is p]haps a mile f ! op5 sea4 ,illu/ration3 ,detail ( ,doorway ( ! ,ar*ibi%op's ,palace1 ,frjus ,illu/ration ,,vi ,,glise ,,de ,,grasse ,grasse is m fam$ = its picturesque situation & ! manufacture ( p]fum]y ?an x is = its "o-"t ca!dral1 :i* is b a simple & un9t]e/+ twelf?-c5tury *ur*1 ^: only feature ( note is a graceful doorway 9 ! po9t$ /yle4 ,! diocese ( ,grasse =m]ly _h jurisdiction ov] ,antibes1 ^: bi%op--,/4 ,arm5taire--rul$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury4 ,! diocese ( ,grasse--9 ! prov9ce ( ,embrun--did n come into be+1 h[ev]1 until #abde1 :5 ,raimond de ,vill5euve 0 made its fir/ bi%op4 ,! see 0 suppress$ 9 #agij4 ,!re are1 z be=e said1 no accessories ( great arti/ic wor? 9 ! glise de ,grasse1 & ! lov] ( art & ar*itecture w p]=ce look else:]e4 ,9 ! ,hpital are ?ree pa9t+s attribut$ to ,rub5s1 an ,exaltation1 a ,crucifixion1 & a ,cr[n+ ( ,?orns4 ,!y may or may n be g5u9e works by ! ma/]2 /ill1 no?+ po9ts to _! lack ( au!nticity1 except ! omission ( all m5tion !re( 9 mo/ acc\nts :i* treat ( ?is arti/'s "w4 ,,vii ,,antibes ,cap d',antibes1 on ! ,golfe ,j\an1 is "o ( ^? beauty-spots along ! ,m$it]ranean ov] :i* s5tim5tal rhapsody has ev] l5t1 if n a glam\r :i* is artificial1 at lea/ "o :i* is purely /hetic4 ,"o mu/ n d5y x any reputation ( ?is nature :i* x may possess1 & inde$1 ) ,/4 ,raphael & ,hyres1 x %>es ) _m ano!r place along ! ,fr5* ,rivi]a a popul>ity z great1 p]haps1 z if x 7 ! possessor ( ev5 an extraord9>ily beautiful ca!dral4 ,! *ur*ly dignity ( ,antibes has dep>t$ long s9ce1 ?\gh its c>e] z a =m] bi%opric--9 ! prov9ce ( ,aix--0 n brief1 z "t goes4 ,x began 9 ! f\r? c5tury ) ,/4 ,arm5taire1 & endur$ int]mitt5tly until ! twelf? c5tury1 :5 ! see 0 comb9$ ) t ( ,grasse1 & ! rul+ dignity transf]r$ to t place4 ,,viii ,,/e4 ,,m>ie ,,majeure ,,de ,,m>seilles ,^! br[n m5 ( ,m>seilles1 :o s+ z !y b5d at _! o>s1 are ,greeks4 --,,clovis ,,hughes4 ,m>seilles is mod]n & comm]cial2 b ,m>seilles is also anci5t1 & a c5tre f :i* h radiat$1 s9ce ! days ( ! ,greeks1 mu* p[] & influ5ce4 ,x is1 too1 = a mod]n city1--:i* x is to ! av]age t\ri/1--wond]fully picturesque1 & %[s "s gr& ar*itectural effects1 bo? anci5t & mod]n4 ,illu/ration3 ,m>seilles ,! ,palais de ,long ,*amps is an ar*itectural gr\p+ :i* might h dazzl$ luxuri\s ,rome itself4 ,! ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce1 ) its decorations by ,puvis de ,*avannes1 is a /ructure ( ! fir/ rank2 ! ,cannebire is "o ( ^? few great bus9ess ?or\ghf>es :i* are truly impos+2 :ile ! docks1 %ipp+1 & hotels1 are all ( t prem95t magnitude :i* we are wont to associate only ) a great capital4 ,z to its *ur*es1 its old twelf?-c5tury ca!dral rema9s to-day a m]e relic ( its =m] dignity4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,old ,ca!dral1 ,m>seilles ,x is a rem9d] ( a fai? & a p[] t /ill live 9 spite ( ! attempts ( ! _w ( progress to live x d[n1 & has f\nd its e*o 9 ! pres5t-day ca!dral ( ,/e4 ,m>ie ,majeure1 "o ( ! few rem>kably successful attempts at ! design+ ( a great *ur* 9 mod]n times4 ,! o!rs are ! new ,we/m9/] ,roman ,ca?olic ,ca!dral ,london1 ! project$ ca!dral ( ,/4 ,john ! ,div9e 9 ,new ,york1 & ,tr9ity ,*ur* 9 ,bo/on4 ,z an exemplification ( *ur*-build+ aft] an old-"t mann] adapt$ to mod]n ne$s1 call$ v>i\sly ,fr5*-,romanesque1 ,byzant9e1 &1 by ne>ly e exp]t :o has pass$ comm5t ^u x1 by "s special nom5clature ( 8 own1 ! ca!dral at ,m>seilles is "o ( ^? great *ur*es :i* w live 9 ! future z has ,/4 ,m>c's at ,v5ice 9 ! pa/4 ,its mat]ial is a s(t /one ( two contra/+ v>ieties1--! gre5 be+ f ! neighb\rhood ( ,flor5ce1 & ! :ite kn[n z pi]re de ,calissant1--laid 9 alt]nate c\rses4 ,its deep sunk5 portal1 ) its tw9 flank+ ,byzant9e t[]s1 dom9ates ! old "p ( ! city1 ly+ ar\nd ab\t ! wat]-front1 z d few o!r *ur*es1 & no ca!drals1 9 all ! _w4 ,x /&s a f> m impressive & inspir+ s5t9el at ! wat]-gate ( ! city ?an does ! ludicr\sly fa%ion$ mod]n sailors' *ur* ( ,notre ,dame de la ,g>d1 :i* is p]*$ 9 un/able fa%ion on a p9nacle ( rock on ! opposite side ( ! h>b\r4 ,?is curiosity--= x is h>dly m--is rea*$ by a cable-lift or funicul> railway1 :i* seems pr9cipally to be conduct$ = ! delectation ( ^? w9t] birds ( passage yclept ,rivi]a t\ri/s4 ,! true pilgrim1 ! sailor :o leaves a votive (f]+1 or 8 wife or swee!>t1 :o goes !re to pray = 8 safety1 j\rneys on foot by an abrupt1 /ony road1--z "o truly dev\t %\ld4 ,?is sumptu\s ca!dral w n please e "o1 b x _c be d5i$ t x is an admirably plann$ & wond]fully execut$ neo-,byzant9e "w4 ,9 size x is really va/1 ?\gh its *ief rem>kable dim5sion is its bread?4 ,its l5g? is f\r hundr$ & sixty feet4 ,at ! cross+ is a dome :i* rises to "o hundr$ & n9ety-sev5 feet1 :ile two small] ones are at ea* end ( ! transept1 & yet o!rs1 small] /ill1 above ! v>i\s *apels4 ,! g5]al effect ( ! int]ior is--z might be expect$--gr&oise4 ,!re is an imm5sely wide c5tral nave1 flank$ by two o!rs ( only appreciably r$uc$ proportions4 ,above ! side aisles are gall]ies ext5d+ to ! transepts4 ,! decorations ( mosaic1 glass1 & mural pa9t+ h be5 ! "w ( ! =emo/ arti/s ( mod]n times1 & h be5 long 9 execution4 ,! entire p]iod ( con/ruction ext5d$ practically ov] ! la/ half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! plans 7 by ,lon ,vaudoy]1 :o 0 succe$$ by "o ,espr&ieu1 & aga9 by ,h5ri ,rvoil4 ,! entire detail "w may n ev5 yet be presum$ to h be5 complet$1 b /ill ! ca!dral /&s to-day z ! "o di/9ct & complete a*ievem5t ( its class )9 ! memory ( liv+ man4 ,! pill>s ( ! nave1 s great is _! numb] & s j & true _! disposition1 =m a really decorative effect 9 !mselves4 ,! *oir is v long & is t]m9at$ ) a dom$ apse1 ) dom$ *apels radiat+ !refrom 9 a symmetrical & beautiful mann]4 ,! episcopal resid5ce is imm$iately to ! "r ( ! ca!dral1 on ! ,place de la ,major4 ,m>seilles has be5 ! seat ( a bi%op s9ce ! days ( ,/4 ,laz>e 9 ! fir/ c5tury4 ,x 0 =m]ly a suffragan ( ,arles 9 ! ,prov9ce d',arles1 z x is to-day1 b its jurisdiction is conf9$ to ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ! city4 ,,ix ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,d',,alet ,9 ,/4 ,pi]re d',alet 0 a =m] ca!dral ( a v e>ly date2 p]haps z e>ly z ! n9? c5tury1 ?\gh ! edifice 0 entirely rebuilt 9 ! elev5?4 ,to-day1 ev5 ?is /ructure--:i* is n to be wond]$ at--is 9 ru9s4 ,!re 0 an anci5t abbey "h 9 ! n9? c5tury1 b ! bi%opric 0 n f\nd$ until #acah1 & 0 suppress$ 9 #agij4 ,! mo/ notable feature ( ?is anci5t *ur* is ! wall :i* surr\nds or =ms ! apside4 ,?is qu9tupl$ pan is sep>at$ by f\r great pill>s1 9 imitation ( ! ,cor9?ian ord]2 ?\gh = t matt] !y may z well be ref]r$ to z g5u9e antiques--:i* !y probably are--& be done ) x4 ,! capitals & ! cornice :i* surm\nts !m are ri*ly ornam5t$ ) sculptur$ foliage1 &1 s f> z x goes1 ! :ole effect is "o ( lib]ality & luxury ( treatm5t4 ,imm$iately beside ! ru9s ( ?is old-"t ca!dral is ! glise ,/4 ,&r ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies4 ,x ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,,de ,,montpelli] ,la ,ville de ,montpelli] ,elle e/ *>mante et d\ce 444 ,avec son va/ ciel1 t\j\rs vibrant et pur1 99 99 99 99 99 ,elle e/ *>mante avec ses brunes jeunes filles 444 le noir diamant de leurs yeux6 --,,h5ri ,,de ,,borni]4 ,montpelli] is seat$ ^u a hill1 its foot wa%$ by two small & unimportant riv]s4 ,a sev5te5?-c5tury writ] has said3 ,?is city is n v anci5t1 ?\gh n[ x be ! bigge/1 faire/1 & ri*e/ 9 ,langu$oc1 aft] ,t\l\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,pi]re de ,,montpelli] ,f a passage 9 ! records left by ,/4 ,b]n>d1 ! ,abbot ( ,clairvaux1 x is le>n$ t !re 0 a s*ool or sem9>y ( physicians "h z e>ly z #aaee1 & ! p]fect e/abli%m5t ( a univ]sity 0 kn[n to h exi/$ j previ\s to ! ye> #abjj4 ,?is in/itution 0 held 9 great e/eem1 & 9 importance second only to ,p>is4 ,to-day ! pres5t e/abli%m5t m]its l approbation1 &1 %elt]$ 9 "p 9 ! anci5t episcopal palace1 & p>tly enclos+ ! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,pi]re1 x has become insep>able f consid]ation 9 connection !re)4 ,! records above ref]r$ to h ?is to say conc]n+ ! univ]sity3 ,?o' ,physic has ! ,prec5d5ce1 yet bo? ,p>ts ( ! ,law are taught 9 "o ( its ,colleges1 by ,f\r ,royal ,pr(essors1 ) ! ,p[] ( mak+ ,lic5tiates & ,doctors4 ,cont9u+1 he says3 ,! c]emony ( tak+ ! ,m4 ,d4 degree is v impos+2 if only ! putt+ on & (f1 sev5 times1 ! old g[n ( ! fam\s ,rabelais4 ,montpelli] 0 "o ( ! t[ns ( security grant$ by ,h5ry ,,iv4 to ! ,prote/ants1 b ,l\is ,,xiii41 ?r\gh ! sugge/ions ( 8 c>d9als1 ,ri*elieu & ,maz>91 =c$ !m by arms to surr5d] ?is place ( protection4 ,! city 0 tak5 aft] a long siege & vigor\s def5ce 9 #afbb4 ,be=e ! f\ndation ( ,montpelli]1 ! episcopal seat 0 at ,maguelonne1 ! anci5t ,magalonum ( ! ,romans4 ,! t[n does n exi/ to-day1 & its memory is only p]petuat$ by ! "n ,vill5euve les ,maguelonne1 a small hamlet on ! bay ( t "n1 a %ort di/ance f ,montpelli]4 ,! ,*ur* _h a foo?old "h 9 ! ye> #fcf1 b ! f]ocity ( ,s>ac5 hordes utt]ly de/roy$ all ve/iges ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? 9 _! desc5t ^u ! city4 ,says ! ,abb ,b\rass3 ,9 ! elev5? c5tury ano!r ca!dral 0 d$icat$ by ,bi%op ,arnaud1 & ! day 0 made ! occasion ( a fte1 9 consid]ation ( ! re/oration ( ! *ur*1 :i* _h be5 = a long "t ab&on$4 ,x seems futile to attempt to describe a *ur* :i* does n exi/1 & ?\gh ! records ( ! lat] ca!dral at ,maguelonne are v complete1 x mu/ p]=ce be pass$ by 9 fav\r ( its desc5dant at ,montpelli]4 ,hav+ obta9$ ! cons5t ( ,franois ,i41 ! bi%op ( ,maguelonne solicit$ f ! pontiff at ,rome ! privilege ( transf]r+ ! ?rone4 ,9 a bull giv5 9 #aecf1 x 0 decre$ t ?is %\ld be done =?)4 ,accord+ly1 ! bi%op & 8 *apt] transf]r$ _! dignity to a ,b5$ict9e mona/]y at ,montpelli]1 :i* _h be5 f\nd$ 9 #acfd by ,pope ,urban ,v4 ,! w>s ( ! ,prote/ants desecrat$ ?is great *ur*1 :i*1 l _m o!rs1 suff]$ greatly f _! viol5ce1 s mu* s t x 0 %orn entirely ( its ri*es1 its reliqu>ies1 & mu* ( its decoration4 ,! dim5sions ( ?is *ur* are n great1 & its beauties are q ( a comp>ative quality2 b = all t x is a mo/ int]e/+ ca!dral4 ,! v grim b maje/ic sev]ity ( its canopi$ portal--) its flank+ cyl9drical pill>s1 call$ by ! ,fr5* t\relles lancs--gives ! key-note ( x all1 & a note :i* _m a m p]fect *ur* lacks4 ,?is curi\s por* well bespeaks ! "t :5 ! ,*ur* 0 bo? spiritual & militant1 & ranks z an innovation--?\gh an incomplete & possibly imp]fect "o--9 ! mann] ( f9i%+ (f a we/ faade4 ,its que]1 susp5d$ canopy & slight turret$ t[]s are unique2 ?\gh1 = a fact1 !y sugge/1 9 embryo1 ^? lavi% ,burgundian por*es2 b x is only a sugge/ion1 because ( ! incomplet5ess & b>5ess4 ,h[ev]1 ?is por* is ! di/9ct fragm5t ( ! ca!dral :i* w appeal to all :o come into contact !re)4 ,! g5]al effect ( ! int]ior is ev5 m pla9 ?an t ( ! out] walls1 & is only rem>kable because ( its f9e & true proportions ( l5g?1 bread?1 & height4 ,! tri=ium is b a sugge/ion ( an arcade1 support$ by black m>ble columns4 ,! cl]e/ory above is dim9utive1 & ! w9d[ pi]c+s are infrequ5t4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! *oir is hung ) a s]ies ( curta9s ( panne--n tape/ries 9 ?is case4 ,! effect is m !atrical ?an ecclesia/ical4 ,! ar*itectural embelli%m5ts are to-day practically nil1 b in/ead "o sees ev]y:]e l>ge1 un9t]rupt$ blank walls )\t decoration ( any sort4 ,! pr9cipal decorations ( ! s\!rn portal are ! only relaxation 9 ?is o!rwise simple & au/]e fabric4 ,"h is an elaborately c>v$ tympanum & an ornam5t$ ar*itrave1 :i* sugge/s t ! add$ mell[ness ( a c5tury or two yet to come w grant to x "s approa* to di/9ction4 ,?is portal is by no means an insignificant "w1 b x lacks t rip5ess :i* is only obta9$ by ! process ( "t4 ,?ree rectangul> t[]s rise to unequal heights above ! ro(1 &1 l ! we/]n por*1 are b>e & primitive1 ?\gh !y w\ld be effective en\gh c\ld "o b get an ensemble view t w\ld br+ !m into range4 ,!y are s+ul>ly unbeautiful1 h[ev]1 :5 comp>$ ) _! nor!rn bre?r54 ,illu/ration ,,xi ,,ca?,,drale ,d',,agde ,?is t9y ,m$it]ranean city 0 f\nd$ orig9ally by ! ,pho5icians z a comm]cial port1 & f9ally grew1 9 spite ( its dim9utive proportions1 to great importance4 ,says an old writ]3 ,agde is n s v big1 b x is ,ri* & ,trad+-,m]*antm5 c n[ come pretty ne> ,agde & ,boats some:at l>ge ent] into ! ,m\? ( ! ,riv]2 :]e !y ex*ange _m ,commodities = ! ,w9es ( ! ,c\ntry4 ,agde =m]ly1 z if to emphasize its e>ly importance1 _h its own visc\nts1 ^: e/ates fell to ! %>e ( ^? ( ,nmes2 b 9 #aahg1 ,b]n>d ,atton1 son ( a ,visc\nt ( ,nmes1 pres5t$ to ! ,bi%op ( ,agde ! visc\nty ( ! city4 ,?us1 x is se51 a c]ta9 good-fell[%ip mu/ h exi/$ betwe5 ! ,*ur* & /ate ( a =m] day4 ,=m]ly travell]s told tales ( ,agde1 :]eby "o might conclude its aspect 0 z dull & gloomy z ,black ,ang]s ( ,k+ ,john's "t2 & f ! same s\rce we le>n ( ! almo/ univ]sal use ( a dull1 slate-l /one 9 ! con/ruction ( its build+s4 ,to-day ?is dulness is n to be rem>k$4 ,:at w /rike ! obs]v]1 fir/ & =emo/1 z be+ ! *ief *>act]i/ic1 is ! ca/ellat$ ci-devant ca!dral *ur*4 ,"h is 9 evid5ce ! blacki% basalt1 or lava rock1 to a f> great] ext5t ?an else:]e 9 ! t[n4 ,x 0 a good m$ium = ! ar*itect-build] to "w 91 & he produc$ 9 ?is n great or magnific5t *ur* a truly impressive /ructure4 ,! bi%opric 0 f\nd$ 9 ! fif? c5tury "u ,/4 ,v5u/e1 & came to its end at ! suppression 9 #agij4 ,its =m] ca!dral is c>$ = by ! ,m9i/re des ,beaux-,arts z a monum5t hi/orique4 ,! /ructure 0 consecrat$ z e>ly z ! sev5? c5tury1 :5 a complet$ edifice 0 built up f ! rema9s ( a pagan temple1 :i* =m]ly exi/$ on ! site4 ,mo/ly1 h[ev]1 ! "w is ( ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies1 notably ! massive squ>e t[] :i*1 "o hundr$ & tw5ty feet 9 height1 =ms a beacon by sea & a l&m>k on %ore :i* no wayf>] by %ip1 road1 or rail is likely to miss4 ,a cloi/] ( exce$+ly h&some design & arrangem5t is atta*$ to ! ca!dral1 :]e x is said ! m*ic\lis is ! mo/ anci5t kn[n4 ,?is feature is also notable 9 ! ro(-l9e ( ! nave1 :i*1 ) ! extraord9>y w9d[ pi]c+s & _! disposition1 height5s /ill m ! sugge/ion ( ! mann] ( ca/le-build+ ( ! "t4 ,! functions ( ! two edifices 7 nev] comb9$1 ?\gh ea*--9 no small way--frequ5tly p>took ( _m ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! o!r4 ,aside f ?is really beautiful cloi/]1 & a r gorge\s1 ?\gh manife/ly good1 pa9t$ alt>-piece1 !re are no o!r notewor?y accessories2 & ! int]e/ & *>m ( ?is n really great *ur* lie 9 its aspect ( /r5g? & utility z well z its environm5t1 r ?an 9 any real /hetic beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,/4 ,nazaire de ,bzi]s ,,xii ,,/4 ,,nazaire ,,de ,b,,zi]s ,/4 ,nazaire de ,bzi]s is1 9 its /rongly =tifi$ attributes ( fr[n+ ramp>ts & well-nigh invuln]able situation1 a cont9uation ( ! sugge/ion t ! m$ival *ur* 0 frequ5tly a /ronghold 9 m s5ses ?an "o4 ,! *ur* fabric itself has n ! grimness ( p[] ( ! m magnific5t ,/4 ,ccile at ,albi or ,notre ,dame at ,rodez1 b _! functions h be5 mu* ! same2 & "h1 z at ,albi1 ! anci5t episcopal palace is duly b>ricad$ aft] a mann] t bespeaks1 at lea/1 =e?\ght & /rategy4 ,^! =tress-*ur*es ( ! ,s\? seem to h be5 a product ( environm5t z mu* z any?+2 ?\gh on ! o!r h& x may h be5 an all-see+ ef=t to provide = su* cont+5cy or em]g5cy z might1 9 ^? m$ival times1 h sprung up any:]e4 ,at all ev5ts1 ^! proclaim$ %elt]s1 f :atev] p]secution or disa/]s might befall1 7 n only = ! b5efit ( ! cl]gy1 b = all _! con/itu5cy2 & su* /ronghold z !y (f]$ 0 = ! %elt]1 tempor>y or protract$1 ( all ! population1 or su* ( !m z c\ld be accommodat$4 ,surely ?is 0 a d\bly dev\t & utilit>ian object4 ,9 ?is section at any rate--! extreme s\? ( ,france1 & m p>ticul>ly to ! we/w>d ( ! ,b\*es-du-,rhne--! regional w>s ( religion made "s su* protection necess>y2 & h5ce ! developm5t ( ?is type ( *ur*-build+1 n only ) respect to ! l>g] ca!dral *ur*es1 b ( a great numb] ( ! p>i% *ur*es :i* 7 erect$ dur+ ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies4 ,! o!r side ( ! picture is %[n by ! acts ( intol]ance on ! "p ( ! ,*ur*1 = ^? :o m]ely diff]$ f !m 9 _! religi\s t5ets & pr9ciples4 ,fanatics ^! outsid]s may h be51 & p]haps n :olly tractable or h>mless1 b !y 71 d\btless1 z des]v+ ( protection z 7 ! fai?ful !mselves4 ,?is 0 n = !m1 h[ev]1 & z = ! viol5ce & hatr$ ) :i* !y 7 held "h1 "o has only to recall t at ,bzi]s took place ! cr[n+ massacres ( ! ,albig5ses--! mo/ le>n$1 intellectual1 & philosophic revolt]s f ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,b5ea? ! %ad[ ( ^! grim walls & t[]s ov] tw5ty ?\s& m5 & wom5 & *ildr5 7 slaught]$ by ! fanatics ( or?odox ,france & ,rome2 l$ on & incit$ by ! ,bi%op ( ,bzi]s1 :o has be5 call$--& ju/ly z x w\ld seem--! blacke/-s\l$ bigot :o ev] de=m$ ! face ( ,god's e>?4 ,! ca!dral at ,bzi]s is n a great or impos+ /ructure :5 tak5 by itself4 ,x is only 9 conjunction ) its =tifi$ walls & ramp>ts & comm&+ situation t x rises to supreme rank4 ,x is commonly class$ z a "w ( ! twelf? to f\rte5? c5turies1 & ) ! *>act]i/ics ( its era & local environm5t1 x pres5ts no v gr& or ornate features4 ,its fir/ g5]al plan 0 due to a layman-ar*itect1 ,g]vais1 :i* p]haps acc\nts = a c]ta9 lack ( :at might o!rwise be ref]r$ to z ecclesia/ical spl5d\r4 ,! rema9s ( ?is e>ly "w are presumably slight2 p]haps no?+ m ?an ! f\ndation walls1 z a fire 9 #abji did a consid]able damage4 ,! transepts 7 add$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & ! two dw>f$ t[]s 9 ! f\rte5?1 at :i* p]iod 0 built ! clo*] 7#aea feet71 ! apside1 & ! nave prop]4 ,!re is n a great brilliancy or refulg5t gl[ f ! fabric f :i* ,/4 ,nazaire de ,bzi]s is built2 z is s frequ5t 9 secul> works 9 ?is region4 ,! /one 0 d>k1 app>5tly1 to />t )1 & has ag$ consid]ably s9ce x 0 put into place4 ,?is1 9 a great measure1 acc\nts = ! lack ( livel9ess 9 ! design & arrangem5t ( ?is ca!dral1 & ! only note :i* breaks ! monotony ( ! ext]ior are ! two /atues1 symbolical ( ! anci5t & ! mod]n laws ( ! univ]se1 :i* flank ! we/]n portal--or :at /&s = su*1 did x b possess ! dignity ( magnitude4 ,s f> z ! ext]ior goes1 x is "o's fir/ acqua9tance ) ,/4 ,nazaire1 :5 se5 across ! riv] ,orb1 :i* gives ! mo/ lively & satisfy+ impression4 ,! int]ior attributes ( wor? & int]e/ are m num]\s & pleas+4 ,! nave is aisleless1 b has num]\s lat]al *apels4 ,! *oir has a rem>kable s]ies ( w9d[s :i* pres]ve1 ev5 to-day1 _! anci5t protect+ grilles--a s]ies ( wond]fully work$ iron scrolls4 ,^! s]ve to pres]ve mu* f\rte5?-c5tury glass ( curi\s1 ?\gh h>dly beautiful1 design4 ,to a great ext5t ?is anci5t glass is hidd5 f view by a massive eighte5?-c5tury retable1 :i* is )\t any wor? :atev] z an arti/ic accessory4 ,a cloi/] ( ! f\rte5? c5tury flanks ! nave on ! s\?1 & is ! *ief feature ( really appeal+ quality )9 ! conf9es ( ! ca!dral prec9cts4 ,! view f ! t]race be=e ! ca!dral is "o :i* is h>dly approa*able else:]e4 ,= _m miles 9 all directions /ret*es ! l[1 flat pla9 ( ,langu$oc2 ! ,m$it]ranean lies to ! ea/2 ! ,cev5nes & ! valley ( ! ,orb to ! nor?2 ) ! lance-l ,canal du ,midi /ret*+ away to ! we/w>d4 ,z might be expect$1 ! /reets ( ! city are tortu\s & n>r[1 b !re are evid5ces ( ! m>* ( improvem5t :i* may 9 "t be expect$ to eradicate all ?is--to ! detrim5t ( ! picturesque aspect4 ,illu/ration ,,xiii ,,/4 ,,jean ,,de ,,p]pignan ,p]pignan is ano!r ( ^? prov9cial cities ( ,france :i* 9 mann]s & cu/oms s$ul\sly imitate ^? ( _! l>g] & m p[]ful neighb\rs4 ,f ! fact t x is ! *ief t[n ( ! ,dp>tm5t des ,pyrnes-,ori5tales1 x p]haps ju/ifies ! proc$ure4 ,b x is z ! anci5t capital ( ,r\sillon--only unit$ ) ,france 9 #afei--t ! imag9ative p]son w l to ?9k ( x--9 spite ( its mod]n cafs1 tram-c>s1 & magaz9s4 ,l ! small] & less progressive t[n ( ,elne1 ,p]pignan reta9s mu* ! same ,catalonian flav\r ( physiognomy1 language1 & dress2 & its n>r[1 tortu\s /reets & ! jal\sies & patios ( its h\ses c>ry ! sugge/ion /ill fur!r4 ,! ,treaty ( ! ,pyr5ees 9 #afei *ang$ ! c\rse ( ! city's de/9ies1 & to-day x is ! =tress-city ( ,france :i* comm&s ! ea/]ly r\te into ,spa94 ,! city's ,*ri/ian influ5ces began :5 ! see 0 remov$ hi!r f ,elne1 :]e x _h be5 f\nd$ z e>ly z ! six? c5tury4 ,! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,jean is a wond]ful /ructure4 ,9 ! l9es ( its apside x sugge/s ^? ( ,albi1 :ile ! magnitude ( its great /rongly ro($ nave is only comp>able ) t ( ,bordeaux z to its g5]al dim5sions4 ,! great di/9ction ( ?is feature comes f ! fact t its ,romanesque walls are surm\nt$ by a truly ogival vault4 ,?is great *ur* 0 orig9ally f\nd$ by ! k+ ( ,majorca1 :o held ,r\sillon 9 ransom f ! k+ ( ,aragon 9 #acbd4 ,! we/ front is entirely unwor?y ( ! o!r proportions ( ! /ructure1 & decid$ly ! mo/ brilliant & lively view is t ( ! apside & its *apels4 ,!re is an odd f\rte5?-c5tury t[]1 above :i* is susp5d$ a clock 9 a cage ( iron4 ,! :ole design or outl9e ( ! ext]ior ( ?is n v anci5t ca!dral is 9 ! ma9 ,spani%2 x is at lea/ n ,fr5*4 ,?is ,spani% s5tim5t is fur!r su/a9$ by _m ( ! int]ior accessories & details1 ( :i* ! *ief & mo/ elaborate are an alt>-scre5 ( wood & /one ( great magnific5ce1 a m>ble retable ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 a baptismal font ( ! twelf? or ?irte5? c5tury1 "s indiff]5t pa9t+s1 ! usual organ buffet ) fifte5?-c5tury c>v+1 & a tomb ( a =m] bi%op 7#afie7 9 ! transept4 ,! alt>s1 o!r ?an ! above1 are g>i% & unappeal+4 ,a fur!r notable effect to be se5 9 ! massive nave is ! v excell5t po9t$ vault+4 ,!re are1 close beside ! pres5t *ur*1 ! rema9s ( an old] ,/4 ,jean--n[ n\ght b a ru94 ,! ,b\rse 7locally call$ ,la ,loge1 f ! ,spani% ,lonja7 has a *>m+ cloi/]$ c\rty>d ( a mix$ ,moori%-,go?ic /yle4 ,x is well wor?y ( int]e/1 z is also ! citadel & ca/le ( ! ,k+ ( ,majorca4 ,! latt] has a unique portal to its *apel4 ,x is record$ t ,bi%op ,b]5g>ius ,,ii4 ( ,p]pignan 9 ! ye> #ajai visit$ ! ,holy ,sepul*re at ,j]usalem1 & on 8 return built a *ur* or *apel on simil> l9es 9 memory ( 8 pilgrimage4 ,no rema9s ( x are visible to-day1 nor c x be fur!r trac$4 ,m5tion ( x is made "h f ! fact t x seems to h be5 a wor?y und]tak+1--?is memorial ( a prelate's devotion to 8 fai?4 ,illu/ration ,,xiv ,,/e4 ,,eulalia ,d',,elne ,elne is ! fir/ 9 importance ( ! dead cities :i* bord] ! ,gulf ( ,lyons4 ,x is ! anci5t ,illib]is1 frequ5tly m5tion$ by ,pl9y1 ,livy1 &1 latt]ly1 ,gibbon4 ,to-day x is ignor$ by all save ! commis voyageur & a comp>atively small numb] ( ! g5u9e ,fr5* t\ri/es4 ,=m]ly ! anci5t prov9ce ( ,r\sillon1 9 :i* ,elne is situat$1 & :i* bord]$ ^u ! ,spani% fronti]1 0 di/9ctly ,spani% z to mann]s & cu/oms4 ,x is1 moreov]1 ! reput$ spot :]e ,hannibal fir/ encamp$ aft] cross+ ! ,pyr5ees on 8 m>* to ,rome4 ,l ,bayonne1 at ! o!r extremity ( ! ,pyr5ean m\nta9 *a91 x comm&$ ! gateway to ,spa91 & ev5 to-day is ! real entrance ( ! railway r\te to ,b>celona1 z is ,bayonne to ,madrid4 ,betwe5 ^! two cities1 = a di/ance approa*+ "o hundr$ & eighty miles1 !re is sc>ce a highway ov] ! m\nta9 b>ri] along :i* a :eel$ vehicle may travel ) com=t1 & ! t9y ,republic ( ,&orra1 ?\gh rec5tly ?reat5$ ) ! adv5t ( ! railway1 is /ill isolat$ & unspoil$ f ! t\ri/ influ5ce1 z well z f undue int]c\rse ) ei!r ,france or ,spa91 :i* envelop its few squ>e miles ( area z does ! ,atlantic ,ocean ! ,azores4 ,to-day ,elne is no long] ! seat ( a bi%op1 ! see ( ,r\sillon hav+ be5 transf]r$ to ,p]pignan 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 aft] hav+ endur$ f ! "t ( ! fir/ bi%op1 ,domnus1 s9ce ! six? c5tury4 ,!re has be5 left z a rem9d] a v int]e/+ & beautiful small] ca!dral *ur* ( ! e>ly elev5? c5tury4 ,alt]ations & re/orations1 mo/ly ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 h *ang$ its mat]ial aspect b little1 & x /ill rema9s a highly captivat+ monum5tal glory2 :i* op9ion is fur!r su/a9$ f ! fact t ! ,commission des ,monum5ts ,hi/oriques has _h ! fabric "u its own special c>e = _m ye>s4 ,x is decid$ly a m9or edifice1 & its p>ts are z unimpressive z its lack ( magnitude2 /ill1 = all t1 ! *ur*-lov]s w f9d mu* crude beauty 9 ?is ,romanesque basilica-plann$ *ur*1 ) its dep5dant cloi/] ( a v beautiful fl[+ ,go?ic ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! *ief arti/ic treasures ( ?is anci5t ca!dral1 aside f its elegant cloi/]1 are a bniti] 9 :ite m>ble2 a portal ( "s pret5sions1 lead+ f ! ca!dral to its cloi/]2 a f\rte5-c5tury tomb1 ( "s consid]able arti/ic wor?2 & a bas-relief1 call$ ! ,tomb ( ,con/ans4 ,!re is little else ( note1 ei!r 9 or ab\t ! ca!dral1 & ! t[n itself has ! g5]al air ( a glory long pa/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,j de ,,n>bonne ,,xv ,,/4 ,,j ,,de ,,n>bonne ,! anci5t prov9ce ( ,n>bon5ses--aft]w>d compris+ ,langu$oc--_h = its capital :at is /ill ! city ( ,n>bonne4 ,"o may judge ( ! =m] magnific5ce ( ,n>bonne by ! foll[+ l9es ( ,sidonius ,apoll9>is3 ,salve ,n>bo pot5s ,salubritate1 ,qui ,urb et ,rure simul bonus ,vid]is1 ,muris1 ,civibus1 ambitu1 ,tab]nis1 ,portis1 ,porticibus1 ,=o1 ,!atro1 ,delubris1 ,capitoliis1 ,monetis1 ,!rmis1 ,arcubus1 ,h>reis1 ,macellis1 ,pratis1 ,fontibus1 ,insulus1 ,sal9is1 ,/agnis1 ,flum9e1 ,m]ce1 ,ponte1 ,ponto1 ,unus qui jure v5]e divos ,l5oeum1 ,c]]um1 ,palem1 ,m9]vam1 ,spicis1 ,palmite1 ,poscius1 ,tapetis4 ,n>bonne is /ill mighty & heal?ful1 if "o is to judge f ! activities ( ! pres5t day2 is picturesque & pleas+1 & f> m com=tably dispos$ ?an _m cities ) a m magnific5tly impos+ situation4 ,! city rema9$ fai?ful to ! ,romans until ! utmo/ decay ( ! we/]n empire1 at :i* "t 7#dfb7 x 0 deliv]$ to ! ,go?s4 ,x 0 fir/ ! head ( a k+dom1 & lat]1 :5 x came to ! ,romans1 x 0 made ! capital ( a prov9ce :i* compris$ ! f\r? "p ( ,gaul4 ,?is 9 turn 0 subdivid$ into ! prov9ces ( ,n>bon5ses1 ,vi5n5sis1 ! ,greek ,alps1 & ! ,m>itime ,alps1 t is1 all ( ! lat] ,savoie1 ,dauph91 ,prov5ce1 ,l[] ,langu$oc1 ,r\sillon1 ,t\l\san1 & ! ,comt de ,foix4 ,"u ! second race ( k+s1 ! ,dukes ( ,septimannia took ! title ( ,ducs de ,n>bonne1 b ! lords ( ! city cont5t$ !mselves ) ! "n ( visc\nt1 :i* !y bore f #aacd to #aejg1 :5 ,ga/on de ,foix--! la/ ,visc\nt ( ,n>bonne--ex*ang$ x = o!r l&s1 ) 8 uncle1 ! ,fr5* k+1 ,l\is ,,xii4 ,! mo/ cr$ul\s affirm t ! ,proconsul ,s]gius ,paulus--conv]t$ by ,/4 ,paul--0 ! fir/ prea*] ( ,*ri/ianity at ,n>bonne4 ,! ,*ur* is "h1 !re=e1 ( great antiquity1 & !re are plausible pro(s :i* demon/rate ! claim4 ,! episcopal palace at ,n>bonne1 closely built up ) ! ,htel de ,ville 7rebuilt by ,viollet-le-,duc71 is a realization ( ! progress ( ! art ( dome/ic =tifi$ ar*itecture ( ! "t4 ,l its contempor>y at ,laon 9 ! nor?1 & m p>ticul>ly aft] ! mann] ( ! papal palace at ,avignon & ! ar*bi%op's palace at ,albi1 ?is /ructure comb9$ ! functions ( a dome/ic & (ficial e/abli%m5t ) ^? ( a /ronghold or a =tifi$ place ( no mean pret5ce4 ,dat+ f #abgb1 ! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,j de ,n>bonne sugge/s comp>ison )1 or at lea/ ! influ5ce (1 ,ami5s4 ,x is /rong1 h>dy1 & ri*1 ) a directness ( purpose ) respect to its v>i\s attributes t 9 a less l(ty /ructure is want+4 ,! height ( ! *oir-vault is p]haps a hundr$ & tw5ty odd feet1 z aga9/ "o hundr$ & =ty-sev5 at ,ami5s1 & accord+ly x does n suff] 9 comp>ison4 ,x may be rem>k$ t ^! nor!rn attributes ( l(ty vault+ & ! high developm5t ( ! arc-b\tant 7 n g5]al ?r\gh\t ! s\?1 or inde$ 9 any o!r region ?an ! nor? ( ,france4 ,only at ,bazas1 ,bordeaux1 ,bayonne1 ,au*1 ,t\l\se1 & ,n>bonne d we f9d ^! features 9 any acceptable degree ( p]fection4 ,! ar*itects ( ! ,midi _h1 by resi/ance & defiance1 cons]v$ antique traditions ) mu* great] vig\r ?an !y _h endors$ ! new /yle1 ) ! result t _m ( _! /ructures1 ( a p]iod contempor>y ) ! e>ly developm5t ( ! ,go?ic else:]e1 "h fav\r$ x little if at all4 ,only f ! ?irte5? c5tury onw>d did !y make g5]al use ( ogival vault+1 ma9ta9+ ) great cons]vatism ! basilica plan ( ,roman tradition4 ,9 _m o!r respects ?an con/ructive excell5ce does ,/4 ,j %[ a pleas+ aspect4 ,x has1 betwe5 ! ma9 body ( ! *ur* & ! pres5t ,htel de ,ville & ! rema9s ( ! anci5t ar*ev*1 a fragm5t>y cloi/] :i* is gr& to ! po9t ( be+ sc5ic4 ,x dates f ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 & is decid$ly ! mo/ appeal+ feature ( ! entire ca!dral prec9cts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cloi/] ,,( ,,/4 ,,j de ,,n>bonne4444 ,! ca!dral itself /ill rema9s una*iev$ z to complet5ess1 b its t\relles1 its vault+1 its buttresses1 & its cr5elat$ walls are mo/ impressive4 ,!re are "s elaborate tombs 9 ! int]ior1 9 g5]al ( ! "t ( ,h5ri ,,iv4 ,! trsor is ri* 9 missals1 manuscripts1 ivories1 & v>i\s alt> ornam5ts & decorations4 ,! *oir is enclos$ ) a s]ies ( ar5a-l loges1 outside :i* runs a d\ble aisle4 ,!re are fragm5t>y evid5ces ( ! "o-"t possession ( good glass1 b :at pa9t+s are %[n appe> ord9>y & are d\btless ( little wor?4 ,decid$ly ! ca!dral is an unusually spl5did1 if n a truly magnific5t1 "w4 ,,"p ,v ,! ,valley ( ! ,g>onne ,i ,,introductory ,! bas9 ( ! ,g>onne includes all ( ! l[] ,aquitanian prov9ce1 ,l[] ,langu$oc1--/ill a debatable & undef9able l&1--& mu* ( t region kn[n ( lov]s ( ,france1 none ! less ?an ! native himself1 z ! ,midi4 ,lit]ally ! t]m ,midi ref]s to ! s\? ( ,france1 b m p>ticul>ly t "p :i* lies betwe5 ! m\? ( ! ,rhne & ! we/]n t]m9ation ( ! ,pyr5ean m\nta9 b\nd>y betwe5 ,france & ,spa94 ,! t]m is /amp$ indelibly 9 ! popul> m9d by ! ev5ts :i* emanat$ f t wond]ful m>* ( ! legion1 kn[n z ,les ,r\ges du ,midi1 9 ,revolution>y times4 ,we h he>d mu* ( ! excesses ( ! ,revolution1 b c]ta9ly ! vivid hi/ory ( ,les ,r\ges z rec\nt$ s well 9 t admirable book ( ,flix ,gras 7none ! less tru?ful because x is a novel71 :i* be>s ! same "n1 gives e ju/ification to ^? valiant s\ls :o made up t rem>kable phalanx2 ( ^: acts mo/ hi/orians & humanit>ians are g5]ally pleas$ to revile z cruelty & sacrilege unspeakable4 ,flix ,gras himself has told ( ! ignoble subjection 9 :i* 8 own great-gr&fa!r1 a poor peasant1 0 held2 & ,fr$]ic ,mi/ral tells ( a l incid5t--( la%+ & beat+--:i* 0 ?ru/ ^u a relative ( 84 ,if m reason 7 want$1 a p]usal ( ! writt5 records ( ! ,m>seilles ,battalion w po9t ! way4 ,writt5 hi/ory pres5ts _m /ubborn facts1 difficult to dige/ & h>d to swall[2 b ! hi/orical novel 9 ! h&s ( a ma/] w prove mu* t is o!rwise unacceptable4 ,a previ\s acqua9tance ) ?is fasc9at+ & lurid /ory is absolutely necess>y = a prop] realization ( ! _s :i* end[$ ! inhabitants ( ?is section ( ! pays du ,midi4 ,to-day ! same _s lives to a notable degree4 ,! atmosph]e & ! native "* alike are bo? full ( sun%9e & %ad[2 gr[n m5 & wom5 are yet *ildr51 & gaiety1 hum\r1 & passion ab\nd :]e1 9 ! m au/]e ,nor?1 w\ld be se5 n\ght b indiff]5ce & indol5ce4 ,x is ! fa%ion to call ! ,s\? languid1 b n[h]e m ?an at ,bordeaux--:]e ! ,g>onne jo9s ,la ,gironde--w y f9d s great & ceaseless an activity4 ,! p are n1 to be sure1 ( ! peasant class1 /ill !y are n su* t[n-dwell]s z 9 _m o!r p>ts1 & seem to comb9e1 z d mo/ ( ! p ( s\!rn ,france1 a languor & ke5ness :i* are intoxicat+ if n /imulat+4 ,betwe5 ,bordeaux & ,t\l\se are n _m great t[ns1 b1 9 ! words ( ,ta9e1 "o well realizes t x is a f9e c\ntry4 ,! ,g>onne valley1 ) a f9e alluvial soil1 gr[s1 productively & pr(itably1 corn1 tobacco1 & hemp2 & by ! utmo/ indu/ry & intellig5ce ! work]s are able to prosp] exce$+ly4 ,! travell] f ! ,m$it]ranean across to ! ,atlantic--or ! rev]se--by rail1 w get glimpses n[ & !n ( ?is wond]fully productive riv]-bottom1 z x fl[s yell[-br[n ?r\gh its osi]-b$d$ banks2 & aga91 an int]mitt5t view ( ! ,canal du ,midi1 ^u ^: non-rag+ bosom is c>ri$ a va/ wat]-borne traffic by b>ge & canal-boat1 :i* ev5 ! developm5t ( ! railway has n be5 able to appreciably curtail4 ,"h1 too1 ! peasant proprietor is l>gely 9 evid5ce1 :i* is an und\bt$ factor 9 ! g5]al prosp]ity4 ,8 block+s1 h$g+s1 & f5c+s h spoil$ ! expanse ( hillside & vale 9 mu* ! same mann] z 9 ,albion4 ,?is may be a pleas+ feature to ! un9itiat$1 b x is n a picturesque "o4 ,h[ev]1 ! proprietor%ip ( small plots ( l&1 work$ by _! non-luxury dem&+ own]s1 is acc\ntable = a great deal ( ! peace & pl5ty ) :i* all prov9cial ,france1 if we except c]ta9 m\nta9\s regions1 seems to ab\nd4 ,x may n provide a sup]abundance ( ?is _w's weal? & luxury1 b ! ,fr5* f>m]--9 a small way--has few likes ( t nature1 & ! exi/+ conditions make = a cont5tm5t :i* ! dull1 brutal1 & le?>gic f>m lab\r] ( "s p>ts ( ,engl& might well be =c$ to emulate1 if ev5 by ball & *a94 ,flat-ro($ h\ses1 rem9isc5t ( ,spa9 or ,italy--born ( a mild climate--add a pleas+ v>iety ( ar*itectural feature1 :ile ! curi\sly hung bells--) _! flatt5$ belfries1 l ! head/ones 9 a cemet]y--sugge/ some?+ q diff]5t f ! motives :i* inspir$ ! nor!rn build]s1 :o enclos$ _! *imes 9 a ro($-ov]1 op5-sid$ cubicle4 ,! bells "h hang m]ely 9 ap]tures op5 to ! air on ea* side1 & r+ out %>p & true to ! la/ dy+ note4 ,x is a mo/ picturesque & unusual arrangem5t1 h>dly to be se5 else:]e z a *>act]i/ic feature outside ,spa9 itself1 & 9 "s ( ! old ,missions1 :i* ! ,spani% ,fa!rs built 9 ! e>ly days ( ,cali=nia4 ,betwe5 ,bayonne & ,bordeaux1 & bord]$ by ! sea1 ! ,g>onne1 & ! ,ad\r1 is a nondescript l& :i* may be lik5$ to ! des]ts ( ,africa or ,asia1 except t its b>r5ness is ( ! sea salty4 ,x is by no means unpeopl$1 ?\gh uncultivat$ & possess$ ( little ar*itectural spl5d\r ( ei!r a pa/ or ! pres5t day4 ,includ+ ! half ( ! dep>tm5t ( ! ,gironde1 a corn] ( ,lot et ,g>onne1 & all ( t :i* be>s its "n1 ! ,l&es =ms ( itself a great seabo>d pla9 or morass4 ,x is said by a geographical au?ority t ! surface s v ne>ly approa*es ! rectil9e> t = a di/ance ( tw5ty-eight miles betwe5 ! dismal villages ( ,lamo! & ,labonheyre ! railway is a visible m]idian4 ,! e>ly eighte5?-c5tury writ]s--9 ,engli%--us$ to revile all ,france1 s f> z its topographical *>ms 7 conc]n$1 ) panegyrics ^u its unlovel9ess & lack ( v>iety1 & ( be+ any?+ m ?an a flat1 arid l&1 :i* 0 n suffici5t ev5 unto itself4 ,:at induc$ ?is extraord9>y reason+ x is h>d to realize at ! pres5t day4 ,its beauties are by no means z ?9ly s[n z is ?\ght by ^? :o "k !m slightly--f a w9d[ ( a railway c>riage1 or a soj\rn ( a mon? 9 ,brittany1 a week 9 ,prov5ce1 or a =tnight 9 ,t\ra9e4 ,! ennui ( a j\rney ?r\gh ,france is ! result ( individual incapacity = obs]vation1 n ( ! c\ntry4 ,above all1 x is c]ta9ly n true ( ,gui5ne or ,gascony1 nor ( ,prov5ce1 nor ( ,dauph91 nor ,auv]gne1 nor ,savoie4 ,z great riv]s g1 ! ,g>onne is n ( v great size1 nor s v magnific5t 9 its rea*es1 nor s v picturesque1--) t m9uti associat$ ) ,engli% riv]s ( a l rank1--b x is sugge/ive ( f> m ?an mo/ /reams ( its size & l5g?1 :]ev] f\nd4 ,its s\rce is well )9 ! ,spani% fronti]1 9 ! picturesque ,val d',aran1 :]e ! b\nd>y betwe5 ! two c\ntries makes a curi\s dt\r1 & leaves ! cre/ ( ! ,pyr5ees1 :i* x foll[s ?r\gh\t--) ?is exception--f ! ,m$it]ranean to ! ,atlantic4 ,! ,g>onne becomes navigable at ,cazres1 "s di/ance above ,t\l\se1 & cont9ues its c\rse1 enhanc$ by ! conflu5ce ( ! ,t>n1 ! ,lot1 ! ,arrige1 & ! ,dordogne1 beyond ! junction ( :i*1 two hundr$ & sev5ty odd miles f ! head ( navigation1 ! e/u>y takes on ! nom5clature ( ,la ,gironde4 ,( ! anci5t prov9ces ( ^! p>ts1 ! mo/ fam\s is ,gui5ne1 t fair du*y once atta*$--by a subtle process ( reason+--to ! ,engli% cr[n4 ,x is di/+ui%$1 z to its economic aspect1 by its va/ v9ey>ds1 :i* h giv5 ! w9es1 s commonly e/eem$1 ! "n ( cl>et4 ,^! & ! o!r products ( ! c\ntry h f\nd _! way into all m>kets ( ! _w ?r\gh ! ,atlantic coa/ metropolis ( ,bordeaux4 ,! ,gascogne ( old 0 a l>ge prov9ce to ! s\?w>d ( ,gui5ne4 ,a romantic l&1 say ! *ronicl]s & m]e litt]ateurs alike4 ,peopl$ by a race fi]y1 ard5t1 & impetu\s 444 ) a peculi> t5d5cy to boa/+1 h5ce ! t]m gasconade4 ,! peculi> & *>act]i/ic feature ( ,gascogne1 z di/9ct f t :i* holds 9 ! ma9 ?r\gh\t ^! p>ts1 is t /range & wild section call$ ! ,l&es1 :i* is spok5 ( else:]e4 ,! anci5t prov9ce ( ,langu$oc1 :i* 9 its l[] portion is includ$ 9 ?is section1 is g5]ally reput$ to be ! pride ( ,france ) reg>d to climate1 soil1 & sc5]y4 ,aga91 ?is has be5 rul$ o!rwise1 b a m or less intimate acqua9tance ) ! region does n fail to endorse ! fir/ claim4 ,?is wide1 /range l& has n va/ly *ang$ its aspect s9ce ! inhabitants fir/ le>n$ to fly in/ead ( fight4 ,?is /atem5t is d]iv$ to a great ext5t f leg5d1 b1 9 addition1 is support$ by mu* lit]>y & hi/orical op9ion1 :i* has record$ its pa/4 ,x is n contemptu\s criticism any m ?an ,froiss>t's own words2 !re=e let x /&4 ,:5 ! ,fr5* _h expell$ ! ,go?s beyond ! ,pyr5ees1 ,*>lemagne e/abli%$ 8 gov]nors 9 ,langu$oc ) ! title ( ,c\nts ( ,t\l\se4 ,! fir/ 0 ,corson1 9 #ggh2 ! second ,/4 ,w4 du ,c\rtnez or ,aux-,cornets1 f :5ce ! pr9ces ( ,orange d]ive _! p$igree1 z may be inf]r$ f ! hunt+-horns 9 _! arms4 ,up to ! eighte5? c5tury ^! /ates reta9$ a c]ta9 indep5d5ce & ex]cise ( home rule1 & _h an ,assembly made up ( ! ?ree ord]s ( ! k+dom1 ! cl]gy1 ! nobility1 & ! p4 ,! ,ar*bi%op ( ,n>bonne 0 presid5t ( ! body1 ?\gh he 0 seldom call$ ^u b to give ! k+ money4 ,?is he acquir$ by ! lay+ on ( an extraord9>y imposition "u ! "n ( ,don-,gratuit4 ,! wide1 roll+ c\ntry ( ,l[] ,langu$oc has no v gr& topographical features1 b x is wat]$ by frequ5t & ample /reams1 & peopl$ ) r[ ^u r[ ( /urdy trees1 ) occasional groves ( mulb]ries1 olives1 & o!r citrus fruits4 ,ov] all gl[s ! luxuriant s\!rn sun ) a tropical brilliance1 b )\t its fi]ce burn+ rays4 ,m5tion ( ! olive sugge/s ! reg>d :i* mo/ ( u h = ?is tree ( romantic & s5tim5tal association4 ,z a religi\s emblem1 x is "o ( ! mo/ fav\r$ relics :i* has desc5d$ to u f ,biblical times4 ,a writ] on s\!rn ,france has que/ion$ ! beauty ( ! gr[+ tree4 ,x does1 truly1 look some:at mop-head$1 & x does spread some:at l a mu%room1 b1 ) all t1 x is a picturesque & prolific adjunct to a s\!rn l&scape1 & has be5 9 times pa/ a s\rce ( inspiration to poets & pa9t]s1 & ( immeasurable pr(it to ! ?rifty gr[]4 ,! wor/ feature :i* c possibly be call$ up ) respect to ,l[] ,langu$oc is ! skyey influ5ces ( ! ,mi/ral1 dry & pi]c+ly cold w9d :i* bl[s s\?w>d ?r\gh all ! ,rhne valley ) a surpris+ /r5g?4 ,madame de ,svign pa9ts x ?us 9 words3 ,le t\rbillon1 l'ouragan1 t\s les diables de*a9s qui veul5t bi5 emport] votre *teau4 ,=emo/ among ! cities ( ! region are ,t\l\se1 ,c>cassonne1 ,montpelli]1 ,n>bonne1 & ,bzi]s1 ( :i* ,c>cassonne is prem95t z to its picturesque int]e/1 & p]haps1 z well1 z to its /ori$ pa/4 ,! ,pyr5ees h ( late attract$ m & m att5tion f ! t\ri/1 :o has become sat$ ) ! conv5tionality ( ! tripp]s' t\r to ,switz]l&4 ,! _m attractive resorts :i* ! ,pyr5ean region has w d\btless g ! way ( o!rs else:]e--if !y are giv5 "t1 b = ! pres5t ?is entire m\nta9 region is possess$ ( mu* t w appeal to ! less conv5tional travell]4 ,( all ! m\nta9 ranges ( ,europe1 ! ,pyr5ees /& unique z to _! regul>ity ( configuration & /rategic importance4 ,!y b9d & b\nd ,spa9 & ,france ) a bony ligature :i* is ind5t$ l ! edge ( a saw4 ,f ! ,atlantic at ,bayonne to ! ,m$it]ranean at ,port ,b\1 ! m\nta9 *a9 divides its valleys & ridges ) ! regul>ity ( a wall-tra9$ %rub or pe>-tree1 & s9ks on bo? sides to ! level pla9s ( ,france & ,spa94 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is rises ! riv] ,g>onne4 ,its true s\rce is 9 ! ,pi$rafitta gr\p ( peaks1 :5ce its wat]s fl[ on ?r\gh ,t\l\se1 v>i\s tribut>ies comb9+ to give f9ally to ,bordeaux its comm&+ situation & importance4 ,ar\nd its s\rce1 :i* is ! true c5tre ( ! ,pyr5ees1 is ! p>t+ l9e betwe5 ! ,m$it]ranean & ! ,atlantic4 ,on "o side ! wat]s fl[ d[n ?r\gh ! fields ( ,france to ! ,biscayan ,bay1 & on ! o!r s\?w>d & we/w>d ?r\gh ! ,ib]ian p59sula4 ,few ( ! summits exce$ ! height ( ! ridge by m ?an two ?\s& feet2 :]eas 9 ! ,alps _m rise f six to eight ?\s& feet above ! massif1 :ile sc5ic ,mont ,blanc elevates its head ov] fifte5 ?\s& feet4 ,z a b>ri]1 ! ,pyr5ees *a9 is unique4 ,= ov] "o hundr$ & eighty miles1 f ! ,col de la ,p]*e to ,maya--practically a suburb ( ,bayonne--n a c>riage road nor a railway crosses ! range4 ,! etymology ( ! "n ( ?is m\nta9 *a9 is 9 dispute4 ,_m suppose x to be f ! ,greek pur 7fire71 allud+ to ! volcanic orig9 ( ! peaks4 ,?is is endors$ by _m1 :ile o!rs consid] t x comes f ! ,celtic ^w byr51 mean+ a m\nta94 ,bo? d]ivations are c]ta9ly apropos1 b ! weight ( fav\r mu/ always lie ) ! =m] r ?an ! latt]4 ,! anci5t prov9ce ( ,barn is ess5tially m$ival to-day4 ,its local tongue is a pure ,romance language2 some?+ q di/9ct f m]e patois4 ,x is pr9cipally ?\ght to be a comp\nd ( ,lat9 & ,teutonic ) an admixture ( ,arabic4 ,?is seems involv$1 b1 z x is unlike mod]n ,fr5*1 or ,ca/ilian1 & mod]n ev]y?+ else1 x w\ld seem difficult = any b an exp]t /ud5t ( tongues to place x def9itely4 ,to mo/ ( u x appe>s to be b a j>r+ jumble ( words1 :i* may h be5 left beh9d by ! foll[]s ( ! v>i\s conqu]ors :i* at "o "t or ano!r swept ov] ! l&4 ,,ii ,,/4 ,,&r ,,de ,,bordeaux ,"o f9ds "h rem9d]s ( ! ,visigo?s1 ! ,franks1 ! ,s>ac5s1 & ! ,engli%2 & ! temples1 !atres1 ar5as1 & monum5ts by :i* ea* made 8 m>k ( possession yet rema94 --,,aurelian ,,s*oll4 ,ta9e 9 8 ,c>nets de ,voyage says ( ,bordeaux3 ,x is a sort ( second ,p>is1 gay & magnific5t 444 amusem5t is ! ma9 bus9ess4 ,bordeaux does n *ange4 ,x has ev] be5 advanc$1 & always a c5tre ( gaiety4 ,its ftes & functions q rival ^? ( ! capital itself1--at times1--& its op]a-h\se is ! mo/ fam$ & magnific5t 9 ,france1 outside ( ,p>is4 ,x is a city ( en?usia/ic demon/rations4 ,x 0 s 9 #ahad = ! ,b\rbons1 & aga9 a ye> lat] = ! emp]or on 8 return f ,elba4 ,9 #aheg x aga9 surpass$ itself 9 its en?usiasm = ,l\is ,napoleon1 :5 he 0 receiv$ 9 ! ca!dral1 "u a l(ty dais1 & l$ to ! alt> ) ! cry ( ,vive l'emp]eur2 :ile dur+ ! bloody ,franco-,prussian w> x 0 ! seat ( ! provisional gov]nm5t ( ,?i]s4 ,"h ! ,go?ic wave ( ! ,nor? has produc$ 9 ! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,&r a rem>kably impressive & unexpect$ example ( ! /yle4 ,9 ! g5]al effect ( size alone x w rank ) _m m important & m beautiful *ur*es else:]e4 ,its total l5g? ( ov] f\r hundr$ & fifty feet ranks x among ! longe/ 9 ,france1 & its va/ nave1 ) a span ( sixty feet1 aisleless ?\gh x be1 gives a /ill fur!r expression ( gr&eur & magnific5ce4 ,x is kn[n t ?ree =m] ca!drals 7 successfully de/roy$ by invad+ ,go?s1 ,s>ac5s1 & w>like ,normans4 ,yet ano!r /ructure 0 built 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 :i*1 ) ! adv5t ( ! ,engli% 9 ,gui5ne1 9 ! c5tury foll[+1 0 enl>g$ & magnifi$ into some:at ( an approa* to ! pres5t magnific5t dim5sions1 ?\gh no ,engli% influ5ce prevail$ t[>d erect+ a c5tral t[]1 z might h be5 anticipat$4 ,in/ead we h two exce$+ly graceful & l(ty spir$ t[]s flank+ ! nor? transept1 & yet ano!r s+le t[]1 lack+ its spire1 on ! s\?4 ,! portal ( ! nor? transept--( ! f\rte5? c5tury--is an elaborate "w ( itself4 ,x is divid$ into two bays t jo9 b5ea? a dais1 on :i* is a /atue ( ,b]tr& de ,go?1 :o 0 ,pope 9 #acje1 "u ! "n ( ,clem5t ,v4 ,he is "h clo!d 9 sac]dotal habits1 & /&s upright 9 ! attitude ( b5$iction4 ,at ! l[] "r-h& side are /atues ( six bi%ops1 b1 l t ( ,pope ,clem5t1 !y d n =m a "p ( ! con/ructive elem5ts ( ! portal1 z did mo/ "w ( a l nature 9 ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies1 b are made use ( s+ly z a decorative motive4 ,! spr+ ( ! ar* :i* surr\nds ! tympanum is compos$ ( a cordon ( foliag$ /one sep>at+ ! six angels ( ! premire ar*ivolte f ! twelve apo/les ( ! second1 & ! f\rte5 patri>*s & prophets ( ! ?ird4 ,9 ! tympanum are ?ree bas-reliefs sup]impos$ "o ^u ! o!r1 ! upp] be+ naturally ! small]4 ,!y repres5t ! ,*ri/ triumphant1 seat$ on a dais betwe5 two angels1 "o be>+ a /aff & ! o!r a veil1 :ile above hov] two o!r angelic figures hold+ respectively ! moon & sun4 ,! arrangem5t is n s elaborate or gracefully execut$ z _m1 b 9 its simple & expressive symbolism1 9 spite ( ! fact t ! :ole add$ ornam5t appe>s an aft]?\ght1 is f> m conv9c+ ?an _m m pret5ti\s works ( a simil> nature4 ,ano!r ext]ior feature ( note is se5 at ! ?ird pill> at ! "r ( ! *oir4 ,x is a curi\s d\ble 7back-to-back7 /atue ( ,/e4 ,anne & ! ,virg94 ,x is ( /one & ( ! late sixte5? c5tury1 :5 sculpture--if x _h n actually debas$ itself by sup]fluity ( detail--0 ( an excell5ce ( symmetry :i* 0 (t5 lack+ entirely f "w ( ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies4 ,! *oir-*evet is a magnific5t pyramidal mass ( pi]s1 p9nacles1 & buttresses ( mu* elegance4 ,! t[]s :i* flank ! nor? transept are adorn$ ) an excell5t disposition ( ornam5t4 ,! great] "p ( ?is ca!dral 0 con/ruct$ dur+ ! p]iod ( ,engli% dom9ation2 ! *oir w\ld d\btless nev] h be5 a*iev$ 9 its pres5t =m _h x n be5 = ! lib]ality ( ,edw>d ,i4 & ,pope ,clem5t ,v41 :o _h be5 ! ar*bi%op ( ! diocese4 ,! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,&r dates practically f #abeb1 & is1 9 inception & execution1 a v complete ,go?ic *ur*4 ,ov] its aisleless nave is c>ri$ "o ( ! bolde/ & mo/ magnific5t vaults kn[n4 ,! nave is m rem>kable1 h[ev]1 = ?is gigantic attribute ?an = any o!r excell5cies :i* x possesses4 ,9 ! *oir1 :i* rises mu* high] ?an ! nave1 !re comes into be+ a d\ble aisle on ei!r side1 z if to make up = ! defici5cies ( ! nave 9 ?is respect4 ,! *oir arrangem5t & accessories are rem>kably elaborate1 ?\gh _m ( !m are n ( great arti/ic wor?4 ,"u ! organ are two sculptur$ ,r5aissance bas-reliefs1 tak5 f ! anci5t jube1 & repres5t+ a ,desc5t f ! ,cross & ,*ri/ ,be>+ ! ,cross4 ,!re are two religi\s pa9t+s ( "s value1 "o by ,jorda5s1 & ! o!r by ,alex4 ,v]onese4 ,be=e ! left transept is a monum5t to ,c>d9al de ,*ev]us1 ) 8 /atue4 ,surr\nd+ ! /onework ( a monum5t to d',ant de ,noailles 7#affb7 is a f9e "w ( wood-c>v+4 ,! high-alt> is ( ! p]iod contempor>y ) ! ma9 body ( ! ca!dral1 & 0 br\ght ?i!r f ! glise de la ,role4 ,! ,prov9ce ( ,bordeaux1 z ! e>ly ecclesia/ical division 0 kn[n1 _h its ar*iepiscopal seat at ,bordeaux 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 ?\gh x _h previ\sly 79 ! ?ird c5tury7 be5 made a bi%opric4 ,,iii ,,ca?,,drale ,,de ,,lect\re ,lect\re1 ?\gh defunct z a bi%opric to-day1 _h endur$ f ! adv5t ( ,heut]ius1 9 ! six? c5tury1 until #agij4 ,9 spite ( ! lack ( ecclesia/ical rema9s ( a v great rank1 !re is 9 its "o-"t ca!dral a "w :i* c h>dly be contemplat$ except ) affectionate admiration4 ,! affairs ( a pa/ day1 ei!r ) respect to ,*ur* or ,/ate1 appe> n to h be5 v vivid or highly col\r$2 9 fact1 ! rev]se appe>s to be ! case4 ,9 pre-m$ival times--:5 ! city 0 kn[n z ! ,roman village ( ,lactora--x 0 /rongly =tifi$1 l mo/ hilltop t[ns ( ,gaul4 ,! ca!dral dates = ! mo/ "p f ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & 9 ! massive t[] :i* enwraps its faade %[s /rong indications ( ! workman%ip ( an ali5 h&1 :i* 0 nei!r ,fr5* nor ,italian4 ,?is t[] is ?\ght to resemble ! ,norman "w ( ,engl& & ! nor? ( ,france1 & 9 "s measure x does1 ?\gh x may be que/ion$ z to :e!r ?is is ! correct classification4 ,?is t[]1 :atev] may h be5 its orig91 is1 h[ev]1 "o ( ^? features :i* is to be admir$ = itself alone2 & x amply endorses & su/a9s ! claim ( ?is *ur* to a consid]ation m la/+ ?an a m]e pass+ fancy4 ,! entire plan is unusually light & graceful1 & ?\gh1 by no /ret* ( op9ion c\ld x be ?\ght ( z ,go?ic1 x has n a little ( ! sugge/ion ( ! /yle1 :i* at a =m] "t mu/ h be5 ev5 m pron\nc$ 9 t its we/]n t[] once possess$ a spire :i* rose to a sky-pi]c+ height4 ,! l[] t[] /ill rema9s1 b ! spire1 hav+ suff]$ f lightn+ & ! w9ds at v>i\s times1 01 a c5tury or m ago1 remov$4 ,! nave has a s]ies ( lat]al *apels1 ea* surm\nt$ by a sort ( gall]y or tribune1 :i* w\ld be notable 9 any *ur* edifice1 & !re is f9e trac]i$ vault+ 9 ! apsidal *apels1 :i* also conta9 "s effective1 ?\gh mod]n col\r$ glass4 ,! =m] episcopal resid5ce is n[ ! local ,mairie4 ,on a cle> day1 x is said1 ! t[]s ( ! ca!dral at ,au* may be se5 to ! nor?w>d1 :ile 9 ! opposite direction ! s]rat$ ridge ( ! ,pyr5ees is likewise visible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,notre ,,dame de ,,bayonne ,,iv ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,bayonne ,di/ant are ! violet ,pyr5ees1 wond]ful & regal 9 _! gr&eur4 ,! sun is bright1 & laughs joy\sly at ! ,barnais peasant4 --,,jean ,,rameau4 ,bayonne is an anci5t t[n1 & 0 kn[n by ! ,romans z ,lapurdum4 ,z a c5tre ( ,*ri/ianity1 x 0 beh9d its neighb\rs1 z no bi%opric 0 f\nd$ "h until ,arsias ,ro*a held ! see 9 ! n9? c5tury4 ,no *ur*-build+ ( rem>k foll[$ = at lea/ two c5turies1 :5 ! f\ndations 7 laid ^u :i* ! pres5t ca!dral 0 built up4 ,l ! cities & t[ns ( ,r\sillon1 at ! opposite end ( ! ,pyr5ean *a91 ,bayonne has = ev] be5 ( mix$ race & *>act]i/ics4 ,basques1 ,spani>ds1 ,barnese1 & ali5 ,fr5*--z ! native calls !m--w5t to make up its conglom]ate population 9 ! pa/1 & does ev5 yet 9 consid]able proportions4 ,to ! read] ( hi/ory1 ! m$ival ,barn & ,nav>re1 :i* to-day =ms ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,basses-,pyrnes 9 ! s\?we/ corn] ( ,france1 w h ! mo/ lively int]e/1 f ! fact ( its hav+ be5 ! pr9cipality ( ,h5ri ,quatre1 ! good k+ ^: "n 0 s ju/ly de>4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,barnese is a wond]ful record ( a p ( :i* too little is ev5 yet kn[n4 ,bayonne itself has _h _m & v>i$ hi/orical associations1 ?\gh x is n /eep$ 9 t antiquity :i* is ! bir?right ( _m ano!r fav\r$ spot4 ,guide-books & ! notes-&-qu]ies columns ( antiqu>ian j\rnals h unduly enl>g$ ^u ! fact t ! bayonet--to-day a well-nigh useless app5dage z a weapon ( w>--0 fir/ inv5t$ "h4 ,x is int]e/+ z a fact1 p]haps1 b x is n ( /hetic mom5t4 ,! mo/ gorge\s ev5t ( hi/ory connect$ ) ,bayonne & its imm$iate vic9ity--among all t catalogue1 f ! m9or ,spani% invasions to ,well+ton's /up5d\s activities--0 und\bt$ly t :i* l$ up to ! fam\s ,pyr5ean ,treaty made on ! ,isle du ,faisan1 close beside ! bridge1 9 ! riv] ,bidassoa1 on ! ,spani% fronti]4 ,! memory ( ! p>ts play$ !re9 by ,maz>9 & ,de ,h>o1 & n less ! gorge\s pavilion 9 :i* ! function 0 held1 =m a sett+ :i* ! writ]s ( poetical plays & hi/orical romances seem to h neglect$4 ,?is magnific5t ap>tm5t 0 decorat$ by ,velasquez1 :o1 x is said1 di$ ( 8 +lori\s trans=mation into an uphol/]]4 ,! ca!dral at ,bayonne is contempor>y ) ^? at ,troyes1 ,meaux1 & ,aux]re1 9 ! nor? ( ,france4 ,x resembles greatly ! latt] z to g5]al proportions & situation1 ?\gh x possesses two complet$ spires1 :]eas ,/4 ,eti5ne1 at ,aux]re1 has b "o4 ,9 size & beauty ! ca!dral at ,bayonne is f> above ! l[] rank ( ! ca!drals ( ,france1 & 9 spite ( ext5sive re/orations1 x yet /&s =? z a m$ival "w ( great importance4 ,f a f\ndation ( ! date ( #aadj1 a /ructure 0 9 "p complet$ by #abac1 at :i* "t ! :ole exi/+ fabric suff]$ ! ravages ( fire4 ,"w 0 imm$iately und]tak5 aga91 comm5c+ ) ! *oir2 &1 except = ! gr& portal ( ! we/ front1 ! :ole *ur* 0 f9i%$ by ! mid-sixte5? c5tury4 ,re/oration ( a late date1 induc$ by ! g5]osity ( a native ( ! city1 has result$ 9 ! completion ( ! ca!dral1 :i*1 if n a really gr& *ur* to-day1 is an exce$+ly ne> approa* !reto4 ,! f9e we/]n t[]s are mod]n1 b !y =m ! "o note :i* produces ! effect ( ensemble1 :i* o!rwise w\ld be entirely want+4 ,! view f ! ,quai ,b]gemet1 j across ! ,ad\r1 = picturesqu5ess ( ! quality :i* arti/s--tyros & ma/]s alike--love to sket*1 is rem9isc5t only ( ,/4 ,lo 9 ,norm&y4 ,aside f ! *>m ( its g5]al picturesqu5ess ( situation & gr\p+1 ,notre ,dame de ,bayonne w appeal mo/ly by its int]ior arrangem5ts & embelli%m5ts4 ,! we/]n portal is /ill lack+ ! greatness :i* future ages may yet be/[ ^u x1 & t ( ! nor? transept1 by :i* "o ent]s1 is1 ?\gh some:at m ornate1 n o!rwise rem>kable4 ,a florid cloi/] ( consid]able size atta*es itself on ! s\?1 b access is _h only f ! sacri/y4 ,! *oir & apse are ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & imm$iately foll[$ ! fire ( #abac4 ,nei!r ! transepts nor *oir are ( great l5g?2 inde$1 !y are att5uat$ z comp>$ ) ^? ( ! m magnific5t *ur*es ( ! ,go?ic type1 ( :i* ?is is1 9 a way1 an o!rwise satisfy+ example4 ,! patriotic ,engli%man w take pride 9 ! fact t ! ,engli% arms are grav5 some:]e 9 ! vault+ ( ! nave4 ,he may n be able to spy !m out1--probably w n be1--b !y likely en\gh exi/$1 z a mid-,victorian writ] describes !m m9utely1 ?\gh no mod]n guides or works ( local repute make m5tion ( ! feature 9 any way4 ,! tri=ium is elegantly trac]i$1 & is ! mo/ wor?y & arti/ic detail to be se5 9 ! :ole /ructure4 ,! cl]e/ory w9d[s conta9 glass ( ! fifte5? c5tury2 mu* brok5 to-day1 b ( ! same excell5t quality ( its c5tury1 & t imm$iately prec$+4 ,! rema9d] ( ! glass1 9 ! cl]e/ory & *oir1 is mod]n4 ,9 ! sacri/y is a rem>kable s]ies ( p]fectly pres]v$ ?irte5?-c5tury sculptures 9 /one :i* tru?fully--) ! be=e-m5tion$ tri=um--are ! real art treasures ( ! ca!dral4 ,! ?ree naves2 ! nave prop] & its flank+ aisles2 ! transepts1 att5uat$ ?\gh !y be2 & ! equally %all[ *oir1 all 9 "s way pres5t a really gr& effect1 at once h>moni\s & pleas+4 ,! pavem5t ( ! sanctu>y is mod]n1 z also ! high-alt>1 b bo? are g5]\sly good 9 design4 ,^! furni%+s are ma9ly ( ,italian m>bles1 hung ab\t ) tape/ries1 :i*1 if n ( sup]lative excell5ce1 are at lea/ effective4 ,mod]n mural pa9t+s ) backgr\nds 9 gold decorate ! abside *apels4 ,!re are _m attributes ( picturesque quality scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! city3 its unique trade cu/oms1 its %ipp+1 its donkeys1 &1 above any ( ^!1 its wom5 !mselves picturesque & beautiful4 ,all ^! w give ! arti/ _m lively sugge/ions4 ,n _m ( ! class1 h[ev]1 frequ5t ?is ,biscayan city2 :i* is a loss to art & to !mselves4 ,a plea is h]e9 made t its attractions be bett] kn[n by ^? :o h become ennui$ by ! resorts4 ,v ,,/4 ,,jean ,,de ,,bazas ,at ! "t ! gr& ca!drals ( ! nor? ( ,france 7 tak+ on _! complet$ =m1 a reflex 0 mak+ itself felt "h 9 ! ,s\?4 ,bo? at ,bayonne & ,bazas 7 gr[+ into be+ two beautiful *ur*es :i* p>took ( _m ( ! attributes ( ,go?ic art 9 its mo/ approv$ =m4 ,/4 ,jean de ,bazas is suppos$ly ( a t5?-c5tury f\ndation1 b its real beg9n+s1 s f> z its lat] approv$ =m is conc]n$1 came only 9 #abcc4 ,f :i* "t onw>d x came quickly to its completion1 or at lea/ to its d$ication4 ,x 0 ?ree c5turies be=e its we/ front 0 complet$1 & :5 s done--9 ! sixte5? c5tury--x /ood out1 z x does to-day1 a spl5did example ( a faade1 completely cov]$ ) /atues ( su* proportions & excell5ce t x is ju/ly acc\nt$ ! ri*e/ 9 ! s\? ( ,france4 ,x q equals1 9 g5]al effect1 su* well-peopl$ fronts z ,ami5s or ,reims2 ?\gh "h ! numb]s are n s great1 &1 manife/ly1 n ( z great an excell5ce4 ,?is small b well-proportion$ *ur* has no transepts1 b ! column> supports ( its vault+ presume an effect ( l5g? :i* only ,go?ic 9 its pure/ =ms sugge/s4 ,! ,hugu5ot ris+ some:at deplet$ & greatly damag$ ! sculptur$ decorations ( its faade1 & likewise mu* ( ! int]ior ornam5t1 b lat] repairs h done mu* to pres]ve ! effect ( ! orig9al s*eme1 & ! *ur* rema9s to-day an exce$+ly gratify+ & pleas+ example ( transplant$ ,go?ic =ms4 ,! diocese dates f ! f\ndation ( ,sextilius1 9 ! six? c5tury4 ,,vi ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,lesc> ,! bi%opric "h 0 f\nd$ 9 ! fif? c5tury by ,/4 ,julian1 & la/$ till ! suppression ( #agij2 b ( all ( its importance ( pa/ ages1 :i* 0 great1 little is left to-day ( ecclesia/ical dignity4 ,lesc> itself is an attractive en\gh small t[n ( ,france1--x conta9s b a scant two ?\s& inhabitants1--b has no great di/9ction to important rank 9 any ( ! walks ( life2 inde$1 its v aspect is ( a glory t has dep>t$4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 l s _m ( ! small t[ns ( ! anci5t ,barn1 a notably f9e situation3 on a high coteau :i* rises l(tily above ! r\te nationale :i* runs f ,t\l\se to ,bayonne4 ,f ! t]race ( ! =m] ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame c be se5 ! sn[-clad ridge ( ! ,pyr5ees & ! umbrage\s valley & pla9 :i* lie betwe54 ,9 ?is v]dant l& !re is no sugge/ion ( :at us$--9 ignorance or prejudice--to be call$ an aspect au/]e & /]ile4 ,! ca!dral itself is b>e1 unto pov]ty1 ( tombs & monum5ts1 b a mosaic-work$ pavem5t indicates1 by its inscriptions & symbols1 t _m fai?ful & dev\t s\ls lie buri$ )9 ! walls4 ,! edifice is ( impos+ proportions1 ?\gh x is n to be class$ z truly great4 ,f ! indications sugge/$ by ! heavy pill>s & grotesquely c>v$ capitals ( its nave1 x is manife/ t x has be5 built up1 at lea/ 9 "p1 f rema9s ( a v e>ly date4 ,x mo/ly dates f ! twelf? c5tury1 b 9 t x 0 rebuilt dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,r5aissance1 x is to ! latt] classification t x really belongs4 ,! curi\sly c>v$ capitals ( ! columns ( ! nave %>e1 ) ! frescoes ( ! apse1 ! *ief di/9ction among ! accessory details4 ,!y depict1 9 _! ornate & deeply cut heads1 dragons & o!r weird bea/s ( ! l& & f[ls ( ! air1 9 conjunction ) un%apely human figures1 & :ile all are int5sely grotesque1 !y are 9 no degree (f5sive4 ,!re is no exce$+ grace or symmetry ( outl9e 9 any ( ! p>ts ( ?is *ur*1 b1 nev]!less1 x has ! inexplicable p[] to please1 :i* c\nts = a great deal among su* inanimate ?+s z ar*itectural =ms4 ,x w\ld p]haps be beyond ! p[]s ( any "o to expla9 :y ?is is s frequ5tly true ( a really unassum+ *ur* edifice2 m s1 p]haps1 ) reg>d to *ur*es ?an to mo/ o!r ?+s--possibly x is because ( ! local glam\r or s5tim5t :i* s envelops a religi\s monum5t1 & hov]s unconsci\sly & in]adicably ov] "s %r9es f> m ?an o!rs4 ,at any rate1 ! =m] ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame at ,lesc> has ?is indef9able quality to a f> great] degree ?an _m a m ambiti\sly conceiv$ fabric4 ,! r\nd-ar*$ w9d[ & doorway mo/ prevail1 & ! portal 9 p>ticul> is ( t deeply recess$ v>iety :i* all[s a mell[ int]ior to unfold sl[ly to ! gaze1 r ?an jump at once into be+1 imm$iately "o has pass$ ! out] l9tel or jamb4 ,! entire sugge/ion ( ?is *ur*1 bo? inside & out1 is ( a /ructure f> m massive & weighty ?an 7 really ne$$ = a *ur* ( its size1 b = all t its v /able dim5sions 7 well advis$ 9 an edifice :i* 0 expect$ to endure = ages4 ,! entire apse is cov]$1 inside1 ) a s]ies ( frescoes ( a v acceptable sort1 :i*1 ?\gh mu* defac$ to-day1 are ! pr9cipal art attribute ( ! *ur*4 ,_! au?or is unkn[n1 b !y are probably ! "w ( "s ,italian h&1 & h ev5 be5 cr$it$ to ,giotto4 ,! *oir-/alls are qua9tly c>v$1 ) a luxuriance :i*1 9 "s mann]1 approa*es ! ,spani% /yle4 ,!y are at lea/ repres5tative ( t bran* ( ,r5aissance art :i* 0 m repres5tative ( ! highe/ expression ?an any o!r4 ,9 =m1 ?is old ca!dral foll[s ! basilica plan1 & is p]haps two hundr$ feet 9 l5g?1 & "s sev5ty-five 9 wid?4 ,! gr&fa!r ( ,h5ri ,,iv4 & 8 wife--la ,m>gu]ites des ,m>gu]ites--7 =m]ly buri$ 9 ?is ca!dral1 b _! rema9s 7 scatt]$ by ei!r ! ,hugu5ots or ! ,revolutioni/s4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 too1 ,lesc> 0 ! =m] habitation ( a ,jesuit ,college1 f\nd$ by ,h5ri ,,iv4 aft] 8 conv]sion to ! ,roman fai?1 b no rema9s ( ?is in/itution exi/ to-day4 ,illu/ration ,,vii ,l',,glise ,,de ,,la ,s,,de3 ,,t>bes ,froiss>t describes ,t>bes z a f9e l>ge t[n1 situat$ 9 a pla9 c\ntry2 !re is a city & a t[n & a ca/le 444 ! beautiful riv] ,lisse :i* runs ?r\gh\t all ,?>bes1 & divides x1 ! :i* riv] is z cle> z a f\nta94 ,froiss>t himself nods occasionally1 & on ?is p>ticul> occasion has misnam$ ! riv] :i* fl[s ?r\gh ! city1 :i* is ! ,ad\r4 ,! re/ ( 8 description might well apply to-day1 & ! city is mo/ *>m+ly & romantically environ$4 ,its ca!dral w n receive ! same adulation :i* is be/[$ ^u ! *>ms ( ! city itself4 ,x is a poor ?+1 n unlike1 9 appe>ance1 a m>ket-h\se or a ?ird-rate t[n hall ( "s mean municipality4 ,once ! ,black ,pr9ce & 8 fair maid ( ,k5t came to ?is t[n ( ! ,bigorre1 to see ! ,c\nt ( ,armagnac1 "u r doleful circum/ances = ! c\nt1 :o 0 9 prison & 9 debt to ,ga/on ,phoebus = ! am\nt ( 8 ransom4 ,! fair maid1 h[ev]1 appe>s to h play$ ! "p ( a good fairy1 & prevail$ ^u ! magnific5t ,phoebus to r$uce ! ransom to ! ext5t ( fifty ?\s& francs4 ,9 ?is incid5t alone !re lies a /ory1 ( :i* all may read 9 hi/ory1 & :i* is especially recomm5d$ to ^? writ]s ( swa%-buckl] romances :o may feel 9 ne$ ( a new plot4 ,!re is little 9 ,t>bes b ! memory ( a fair pa/ to compel att5tion f ! lov] ( antiquity1 ( *ur*es1 or ( art2 & !re are no rema9s ( any note--ev5 ( ! "t :5 ! ,black ,pr9ce held 8 c\rt "h4 ,! bi%opric is v anci5t1 & dates f ! six? c5tury1 :5 ,/4 ,ju/9 fir/ fill$ ! (fice4 ,9 spite ( ?is1 h[ev]1 !re is v little inspiration to be d]iv$ f a /udy ( ?is q unconv9c+ ca!dral1 locally kn[n z ! glise de la ,sde4 ,?is ,romanesque-,transition *ur*1 ?\gh dat+ f ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies1 has nei!r ! /r5g? & "* ( ! old] /yle1 nor ! vig\r ( ! new4 ,! nave is wide1 b %ort1 & has no aisles4 ,at ! transept is a sup]impos$ octagonal cupola1 :i* is q unbeautiful & unnecess>y4 ,x is a f\rte5?-c5tury addition :i* f9ally oppresses ?is unga9ly heavy edifice beyond ! hope ( r$emption4 ,built ^u ! faade is a ,r5aissance portal :i* ( itself w\ld be a disfigurem5t any:]e1 b :i* "h gives ! f9al bl[ to a /ructure :i* is unappeal+ f e po9t4 ,! pres5t-day prefecture 0 ! =m] episcopal resid5ce4 ,! bi%opric1 :i* to-day has jurisdiction ov] ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,hautes-,pyrnes1 is a suffragan ( ! "m-see ( ,au*4 ,,viii ,,ca?,,drale ,,de ,,condom ,! hi/ory ( ,condom z an ecclesia/ical see is v brief4 ,x 0 e/abli%$ only 9 #acag1 on an anci5t abbey f\ndation1 ^: inception is unkn[n4 ,= ?ree c5turies only 0 x end[$ ) diocesan dignity4 ,its la/ titulaire 0 ,bi%op ,bossuet4 ,! f9e ,go?ic *ur*1 :i* 0 s %ort-liv$ z a ca!dral1 is m wor?y ( admiration ?an _m gr&] & m anci5t4 ,x dates f ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury1 & %[s all ! di/9ct m>ks ( its era2 b x is a mo/ int]e/+ *ur* nev]!less1 & is possess$ ( a f9e unworldly cloi/]1 :i* z mu* z _m ano!r--m fam\s or m magnific5t--mu/ h be5 conducive to inspir$ m$itation4 ,! portal rises to a consid]able height ( elegance1 b ! faade is o!rwise au/]e4 ,9 ! int]ior1 a *oir-scre5 9 cut /one is ! *ief arti/ic treasure4 ,! sacri/y is a f9ely decorat$ & beautifully proportion$ room4 ,9 ! *oir is a s]ies ( r$ brick or t]ra-cotta /alls ( poor design & ( no arti/ic value :atev]4 ,! anci5t resid5ce ( ! bi%ops is n[ ! ,htel de ,ville1 & is a good example ( late ,go?ic dome/ic ar*itecture4 ,x is decid$ly ! ar*itectural pice de resi/ance ( ! t[n4 ,,ix ,,ca?,,drale ,,de ,,montauban ,montauban1 ! location ( an anci5t abbey1 0 creat$ a bi%opric1 9 ! ,prov9ce ( ,t\l\se1 9 #acag1 "u ,b]tr& du ,puy4 ,x 0 a suffragan ( ! see ( ,t\l\se aft] t city _h be5 made an ar*bi%opric 9 ! same ye>1 a rank x virtually holds to-day1 ?\gh ! "m-see is n[ kn[n by ! d\ble vocable ( ,t\l\se-,n>bonne4 ,montauban is 9 _m ways a rem>kable little city2 rem>kable = its tidy picturesqu5ess1 = its admirable situation1 = ! add$ attraction ( ! riv] ,t>n1 :i* ru%es tumbl+ly pa/ its quais on its way f ! ,gorges to ! ,g>onne2 9 %ort1 ,montauban is a mo/ fasc9at+ c5tre ( a life & activity1 n s mod]n t x j>s1 nor yet s m$ival t x is uncom=tably squalid4 ,! lov] ( ar*itecture w int]e/ himself f> m 9 ! ?irte5?-c5tury bridge ( bricks :i* crosses ! ,t>n on sev5 ogival ar*es1 ?an he w 9 ! pa9fully ord9>y & unwor?y ca!dral1 :i* is a comb9ation ( mo/ ( ! undesirable features ( ,r5aissance *ur*-build+4 ,! faade is1 moreov]1 set ab\t ) a s]ies ( enorm\s sculptur$ effigies p]*$ indiscrim9ately :]ev] x w\ld appe> t a foo?old pres5t$ itself4 ,!re are /ill a few unoccupi$ ni*es & cornices1 :i* "s day may yet be peopl$ ) o!r figures z gaunt4 ,two ungraceful t[]s flank a classical portico1 "o ( :i* is possess$ ( ! usual ludicr\s clock-face4 ,! int]ior1 ) its unusual flood ( light f ! w9d[s ( ! cl]e/ory1 is cold & b>e4 ,its impos$ pila/]s & heavy cornices are little 9 keep+ ) ! true conception ( ,*ri/ian ar*itecture1 & its great height ( nave--"s eighty odd feet--l5ds a fur!r *ill9ess to "o's already lukew>m appreciation4 ,! "o arti/ic detail ( ,montauban's ca!dral is ! f9e pa9t+ by ,+res 7#agha-ahfg7 to be se5 9 ! sacri/y1 if by any *ance y c f9d ! sacri/an--:i* is d\btful4 ,x is "o ( ?is arti/'s mo/ celebrat$ pa9t+s1 & is commonly ref]r$ to z ,! ,v[ ( ,l\is ,,xiii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,eti5ne de ,,cahors4 ,x ,,/4 ,,eti5ne ,,de ,,cahors ,/4 ,g5ulphe 0 ! fir/ bi%op ( ,cahors1 9 ! f\r? c5tury4 ,! diocese 0 !n1 z n[1 a suffragan ( ,albi4 ,! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,eti5ne 0 consecrat$ 9 #aaai1 b has s9ce--& _m times--be5 rebuilt & re/or$4 ,?is *ur* is b "o ( ! _m ( its class1 built 9 ,aquita9e at ?is p]iod1 :i* employ$ ! cupola z a di/9ct feature4 ,x %>es ?is attribute 9 common ) ! ca!drals at ,poiti]s1 ,prigueux1 & ,ang\lme1 & ! great *ur*es ( ,solignac1 ,fontevrault1 & ,s\illac1 & is commonly suppos$ to be an importation or adaptation ( ! domes ( ,/4 ,m>c's at ,v5ice4 ,a di/9ct feature ( ?is developm5t is t1 :ile transepts may or may n be want+1 ! /ructures are ne>ly always )\t side aisles4 ,:at mann] ( ar*itecture ?is /yle may presume to be is impossible to discuss "h1 b x is manife/ly n ,byzant9e pur-sang1 z mo/ guide-books w\ld h ! t\ri/ believe4 ,al?\gh mu* mutilat$ 9 _m ( its accessories & details1 ! ca!dral at ,cahors fairly illu/rates its orig9al plan4 ,!re are no transepts1 & ! nave is wide & %ort1 its area be+ entirely ro($ by ! two circul> cupolas1 ea* p]haps fifty feet 9 diamet]4 ,9 height ^! two details dep>t f ! true hemisph]e1 z has always be5 usual 9 dome con/ruction4 ,!re 7 discov]$1 z late z #ahij1 9 ?is *ur*1 _m mural pa9t+s ( great int]e/4 ,( ! greate/ importance 0 t 9 ! we/]ly cupola1 :i* pres5ts an entire composition1 drawn 9 black & col\r4 ,! cupola is p]haps =ty feet 9 diamet]1 & is divid$ by ! decorations into eight sectors4 ,! pr9cipal features ( ?is rem>kable decoration are ! figures ( eight ( ! prophets1 ,david1 ,daniel1 ,j]emiah1 ,jonah1 ,ezra1 ,isaiah1 ,ezekiel1 & ,habakkuk1 ea* a doz5 or m feet 9 height4 ,tak5 z a :ole1 9 spite ( _! rec5t discov]y1 ^! elaborate decorations are suppos$ to h be5 und]tak5 by or "u ! direction ( ! bi%ops :o held ! see f #abhj to #acbd2 mo/ likely "u ,hugo ,g]aldi 7#acab-af71 ! fri5d ( ,pope ,clem5t ,v4 & ( ! ,k+ ( ,france4 ,?is *ur*man 0 burn$ to dea? at ,avignon1 & ! see 0 aft]w>d adm9i/]$ by procuration by ,guillaume de ,labroa 7#acaf-acbd71 :o liv$ at ,avignon4 ,x is !n p]missible to ?9k t ^! wall-pa9t+s ( ! ca!dral at ,cahors are p]haps unique 9 ,france4 ,includ+ its su/a9+ wall1 "o ( ! cupolas rises to a height ( eighty-two feet1 & ! o!r to "o hundr$ & five feet4 ,! nor? portal is ri*ly sculptur$2 & ! *oir1 ) its fifte5?-c5tury ogival *apels1 has be5 rebuilt f ! orig9al "w ( #abhe4 ,! int]ior1 s9ce ! rec5tly discov]$ frescoes ( ! cupolas1 pres5ts an exce$+ly ri* appe>ance1 ?\gh !re are actually few decorative con/ructive elem5ts4 ,! apse ( ! *oir is naturally po9t$1 z its era w\ld indicate1 & its *apels are ornam5t$ ) frescoes ( ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xii42 nei!r v good nor v bad1 b 9 no way comp>able to ! decorations ( ! cupolas4 ,! only monum5t ( note 9 ! int]ior is ! tomb ( ,bi%op ,ala9 de ,solm9iac 7sev5te5? c5tury74 ,! pa9t+s ( ! *oir are suppos$ to date f #acae1 :i* c]ta9ly places !m at a v e>ly date4 ,a doorway 9 ! "r ( ! nave gives on ! fifte5?-c5tury cloi/]1 :i*1 ?\gh fragm5t>y1 mu/ at "o "t h be5 a v satisfactory example4 ,! anci5t episcopal palace is n[ ! prefecture4 ,! bi%op orig9ally bore ! provisional title ( ,c\nt ( ,cahors1 & 0 entitl$ to we> a sword & gauntlets1 & x is record$ t he 0 receiv$1 ^u 8 accession to ! diocese1 by ! ,vicomte de ,sessac1 :o1 attir$ 9 a grotesque g>b1 conduct$ him to 8 palace amid a c]emony :i* to-day w\ld be acc\nt$ z buffoon]y pure & simple4 ,f ! acc\nts ( ?is c]emony1 x c\ld n h be5 v dignifi$ or inspir+4 ,! hi/ory ( ,cahors ab\nds 9 romantic incid5t1 & its capture by ,h5ry ( ,nav>re 9 #aehj 0 a brilliant exploit4 ,cahors 0 ! bir?place ( "o ( ! ,fr5* ,popes ( ,avignon1 ,john ,,xxii4 7:o is buri$ 9 ,notre ,dame des ,doms at ,avignon74 ,,xi ,,/4 ,,caprais ,d',,ag5 ,ag51 ) ,cahors1 ,tulle1 ,limoges1 ,prigueux1 ,ang\lme1 & ,poiti]s1 are1 9 a way1 9 a class ( !mselves ) respect to _! ca!drals4 ,!y h n fav\r$ aggr&izem5t1 or ev5 re/oration to ! ext5t ( mitigat+ ! s5tim5t :i* w always surr\nd a really anci5t fabric4 ,! ca!dral at ,bordeaux came /rongly "u ! ,go?ic spell2 s did t at ,cl]mont-,f]r&1 & ,/4 ,nazaire1 9 ! ,cit de ,c>cassonne4 ,b ^? be=e-m5tion$ did n1 to any appreciable ext5t1 come "u ! influ5ce ( ! new /yle affect$ by ! ar*itects ( ! ,isle ( ,france dur+ ! times ( ,philippe-,augu/e 7d4 #abbc74 ,at ! dea? ( ,philippe le ,bel 7#acad71 ! royal doma9 0 consid]ably ext5d$1 & ! ca!drals at ,montpelli]1 ,c>cassonne1 & ,n>bonne succumb$ & took on ,go?ic features4 ,! diocese ( ,ag5 0 f\nd$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury z a suffragan ( ,bordeaux4 ,its fir/ bi%op 0 ,/4 ,phrade4 ,to-day ! diocese is /ill "u ! p>5t jurisdiction ( ,bordeaux1 & ! see comprises ! dep>tm5t ( ,lot-et-,g>onne4 ,a =m] ca!dral *ur*--,/4 ,eti5ne--0 de/roy$ at ! ,revolution4 ,! ,romanesque ca!dral ( ,/4 ,caprais dates1 z to its apses & transepts1 f ! elev5? c5tury4 ,its size is n commonly accr$it$ great1 b = a fact its nave is ov] fifty-five feet 9 wid?2 great] ?an ,*>tres1 & ne>ly z great z ,ami5s 9 ! nor?4 ,?is is a comp>ison :i* w %[ h[ futile x is n to take into consid]ation ! pe]s1 compe]s1 or contempor>ies ( ar*itectural types :5 /riv+ to impress its sali5t features ^u "o's s5ses4 ,?is imm5se vault is cov]$ ) a s]ies ( cupolas ( a modifi$ =m :i* f9ally take ! feature ( ! e>ly developm5t ( ! ogival ar*4 ,?is1 !n1 ranks z "o ( ! e>ly transitions betwe5 b>rel-vault$ & dom$ ro(s1 & ! ,go?ic ar*$ vault+ :i* became s common 9 ! c5tury foll[+4 ,z to ! g5]al gr\nd-plan1 ! area is n great4 ,its ,romanesque nave is /unt$ 9 l5g?1 if n 9 wid?1 & ! transepts are equally contract$4 ,! *oir is semicircul>1 & ! g5]al effect is t ( a tri-aps$ *ur*1 seldom se5 beyond ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ! ,rh9e valley4 ,! int]ior effect is consid]ably m>r$ by ! mod]n mural frescoes by ,bz>d1 aft] a suppos$ old mann]4 ,! comb9ation ( col\r c only be describ$ z poly*romatic1 & ! effect is n good4 ,!re are a s]ies ( ,roman capitals 9 ! nave1 :i* are ( m decid$ arti/ic wor? & int]e/ ?an any o!r di/9ct feature4 ,at ! side ( ! ca!dral is ! ,*apelle des ,innoc5ts1 ! anci5t *apt]-h\se ( ,/4 ,caprais1 n[ us$ z ! *apel ( ! college4 ,its faade has "s rem>kable sculptures1 & its int]ior attractions ( curi\sly c>v$ capitals & "s tombs--suppos$ to date f ! fir/ ye>s ( ! ,*ri/ian era--are ( z great int]e/ z any ( ! specific features ( ! ca!dral prop]4 ,,xii ,,/e4 ,,m>ie ,d',,au* ,! fir/ bi%op ( ,au* 0 ,cit]ius1 9 ! f\r? c5tury4 ,subsequ5tly ! ,prov9ce d',au* became ! see ( an ar*bi%op1 :o 0 ,primate ( ,aquita9e4 ,?is came to pass :5 ! (fice 0 aboli%$ or transf]r$ f ,eauze 9 ! eigh? c5tury4 ,! diocese is ?us e/abli%$ 9 antiquity1 & endures to-day ) suffragans at ,aire1 ,t>bes1 & ,bayonne4 ,! ca!dral ( ,/e4 ,m>ie d',au* is n ( itself an anci5t /ructure1 dat+ only f ! late fifte5? c5tury4 ,its *oir1 h[ev]1 ranks among ! mo/ celebrat$ 9 ! ,go?ic /yle 9 all ,europe1 & ! entire edifice is usually accord$ z be+ ! mo/ ?or\ghly *>act]i/ic 7?\gh v>i$ z to ! excell5ce ( its details7 *ur* ( ! ,midi ( ,france1 ?\gh built at a "t :5 ! ogival /yle 0 project+ its la/ rays ( glory ov] ! l&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/e4 ,,m>ie d',,au* ,9 its g5]al plan x is ( g5]\s ?\gh n maje/ic proportions1 & is ri* & aspir+ 9 its details ?r\gh\t4 ,an anci5t alt> 9 ?is pres5t *ur* is suppos$ to h come f ! humble basilica :i* 0 erect$ "h by ,/4 ,taur91 bi%op ( ,eauze1 soon aft] ! f\ndation ( ! see4 ,if ?is is s1 x is c]ta9ly ( great antiquity1 & is exce$+ly valuable z ! record ( an art expression ( t e>ly day4 ,taur9 ,,ii41 9 #hde1 rebuilt a =m] *ur*1 :i* /ood on ! site ( ! pres5t ca!dral2 b1 its dim5sions n prov+ great en\gh = ! ne$s ( ! congregation1 ,/4 ,au/9de1 9 #ajdh1 built a mu* l>g] *ur*1 :i* 0 consecrat$ e>ly 9 ! twelf? c5tury4 ,v>i\s o!r /ructures 7 und]tak51 "s complet$ only 9 "p & o!rs to ! full2 b x 0 n until #aedh t ! pres5t ,/e4 ,m>ie 0 actually consecrat$ by ,jean ,dumas4 ,?is gorge\s c]emony1 says ! ,abb ,b\rass1 0 accompli%$ amid great pomp on ! anniv]s>y day ( ! d$ication ( ! elev5?-c5tury basilica on ! same site4 ,9 #aeig fur!r additions 7 made to ! vault+1 & ! f9e *oir glass add$4 ,soon aft] ?is "t1 ! glass ( ! nave *apels 0 put into place1 be+ ! gift ( ,dom9ique de ,vic4 ,! f9al build+ op]ations--z might be expect$--%[ j ! lea/ suspicion ( debasem5t4 ,?is quality is to be rem>k$ 9 ! *oir-scre51 ! por* & t[]s1 & 9 ! balu/rades ( ! *apels1 to say no?+ ( ! organ supports4 ,! we/ front is1 9 "p1 z late z ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,9 ?is faade !re is an elaborately trac]i$ rose w9d[1 indicat+ 9 its pa9t$ glass a ,glory ( ,angels4 ,x is n a great "w1 z ^! *ief decorative features ( ,fr5* m$ival ar*itecture g1 b is highly ornate by reason ( its florid trac]y1 & dates1 moreov]1 f t p]iod :5 ! really great accompli%m5t ( design+ 9 pa9t$ glass 0 approa*+ its maturity4 ,if any feature ( rem>k exi/s to excite undue criticism1 x is t ( a c]ta9 incongruity or mixture ( /yle1 :i*1 :ile n widely sep>at$ 9 po9t ( "t1 has great v>iation z to excell5ce4 ,9 spite ( ?is !re is1 9 ! g5]al ensemble1 an impos+ picturesqu5ess to :i* di/ance l5ds ! prov]bial degree ( en*antm5t4 ,! w>m m\se-col\r$ ca!dral & its ar*bi%op's palace1 :5 se5 9 conjunction ) ! mod]n ornam5tal g>d5s & escali] at ! re>1 produces an effect m ne>ly ak9 to an ,italian composition ?an any?+ ( a l nature 9 ,france4 ,x is an ensemble mo/ int]e/+ & pleas+1 b z a wor?y arti/ic ef=t x does p]haps fall %ort ( ! ideal4 ,! we/]ly t[]s are curi\s heavy works aft] ! ,fr5* ,classical mann] 9 vogue dur+ ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,!y are n beautiful ( !mselves1 & q unexpressive ( ! sanctity :i* %\ld surr\nd a great *ur*4 ,! portal is ri*ly decorat$1 & conta9s /atues ( ,/4 ,ro*e & ,/4 ,au/9de4 ,x has be5 call$ an imitation ( ! portal ( ,/4 ,pet]'s at ,rome1 b ?is is an op9ion :olly unw>rant$ by a p]sonal acqua9tance !re)4 ,! two be> no resemblance except t !y are bo? v inf]ior to ! magnific5t ,go?ic portals ( ! nor?4 ,! int]ior embelli%m5ts are z mix$ z to /yle1 & ( z v>i$ wor?1 z ^? ( ! ext]ior4 ,! pa9t$ glass 7by a ,gascon arti/1 ,arnaud de ,moles1 #aegc7 is usually reckon$ z ( great beauty4 ,?is x h>dly is1 ?\gh ( great value & importance z %[+ ! developm5t ( ! art :i* produc$ x4 ,! col\r is ri*1--:i* x seldom is 9 mod]n glass1--b ! design is co>se & crude1 a di/9ction t mo/ mod]n glass has z well4 ,ergo1 we h n advanc$ greatly 9 ?is art4 ,! *ief feature ( arti/ic m]it is ! s]ies ( "o hundr$ & ?irte5 *oir-/alls1 ri*ly & wond]fully c>v$ 9 wood4 ,if n ! sup]ior to any o!rs 9 ,france1 ^! rem>kable examples ( ,r5aissance woodwork are ! equal ( any1 & demon/rate1 once aga91 t x 0 9 wood-c>v+1 r ?an sculptures 9 /one1 t ,r5aissance art a*iev$ its greate/ success4 ,a di/9ct feature is ! disposition made ( ! accessories ( ! f9e *oir4 ,x is surr\nd$ by an elaborate scre51 surm\nt$ by sculpture ( a ri*ness q uncommon 9 any b ! gr&] & m weal?y *ur*es4 ,"u ! reign ( ,/4 ,l\is _m ( ! gr& ca!drals & ! l>g] mona/ic *ur*es 7 gr&ly fav\r$ ) ?is accessory1 notably at ,ami5s & ,beauvais1 at ,burgos 9 ,spa91 & at ,cant]bury4 ,"h ! elaborate scre5 0 design$ to protect ! ranges ( /alls & _! canopi$ dossi]s1 & give a c]ta9 seclusion to ! *apt] & (ficiants4 ,else:]e--out ( reg>d = ! p x is to be presum$--?is feature 0 9 _m kn[n in/ances done away )1 & ! mat]ial ( :i* x 0 con/ruct$--(t5 ( great ri*ness--made use ( 9 *apels subsequ5tly erect$ 9 ! walls ( ! apside or 9 ! side aisles ( ! nave4 ,?is is to be rem>k$ at ,rodez p>ticul>ly1 :]e ! rerect$ clture is /ill ! %[-piece ( ! ca!dral4 ,! organ buffet is1 z usual 79 ! m9ds ( ! local resid5t71 a rem>kably f9e piece ( cab9et-"w & no?+ m4 ,"o always qualifies ?is by v5tur+ ! op9ion t no "o ev] really does admire ^! ov]p[]+ & unga9ly accessories4 ,:at tri=ium !re is is squat & ugly1 ) ungraceful op5+s1 & ! high-alt> is a mod]n "w 9 ! pseudo-classic /yle1 q unwor?y z a "w ( art4 ,! five apsidal *apels are brilliant ) col\r$ glass1 b o!rwise are n rem>kable4 ,9 spite ( all incongruity1 ,/e4 ,m>ie d',au* is "o ( ^? fasc9at+ *ur*es 9 & ab\t :i* "o loves to l+]4 ,x is h>d to expla9 ! reason = ?is1 except t its environm5t provides ! atmosph]e :i* is ! "o necess>y +r$i5t to a full realization ( ! appeal+ qualities ( a /ately *ur*4 ,! ar*iepiscopal palace adjo9s ! ca!dral 9 ! re>1 & has a noble donjon ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,its c>e] ( ! pa/ mu/ h be5 q unev5tful1 z hi/ory records no v bloody or riot\s ev5ts :i* h tak5 place )9 or be=e its walls4 ,fnelon 0 a /ud5t at ! ,college ( ,au*1 & 8 /atue adorns ! ,prom5ade du ,foss4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,eti5ne de ,,t\l\se ,,xiii ,,/4 ,,eti5ne ,,de ,,t\l\se ,! prov9cialism ( ,t\l\se has be5 ! !me ( _m a ,fr5* writ] ( ability1--(f5sively prov9cial1 x w\ld seem f a cons5sus ( ^! writt5 op9ions4 ,life & movem5t 9 abundance1 b :at a life6 444 ,! native is sav$ f co>s5ess by 8 bir?1 b aft] a qu>t] ( an h\r ! sub/ratum %[s itself4 444 ,! work+ girl is graceful & has ! vivacity ( a bird1 b !re is no?+ 9 h] cackle4 444 ,h[ mu* m beautiful are ! />s t mirror !mselves 9 ! gutt] ( ! ,rue du ,bac4 444 ,!re is a yelp 9 ! acc5ts ( ! p ( ! t[n4 ,contr>iwise we may le>n also t ! wat] is f9e1 ! quays are f9e1 & f9e l>ge build+s gl[ 9 ! sett+ sun 9 bright & s(t5$ hues1 & 9 ! f> di/ance lies ! *a9 ( ! ,pyr5ees1 l a :ite b$ ( wat]y cl\ds1 & ! riv]1 dress$ always 9 smil+ v]dure1 gracefully skirts ! city4 ,^! pessimi/ic & optimi/ic views ( o!rs f\nd ! contributors to ?is book 9 some:at ( a qu&>y z to ! mann] ( mood & _s 9 :i* !y %\ld approa* ?is prov9cial capital4 ,!y _h he>d m>vels ( its ,romanesque *ur* ( ,/4 ,saturn91 p]haps ! mo/ p]fect & elaborate ( any ( its k9d 9 all ,france2 ( ! curi\s amalgamat$ edifice1 n[ ! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,eti5ne1 :]e9 two di/9ct *ur* bodies are jo9$ by an unseemly ligature2 ( ! *ur* ( ! ,jacob9s2 & ( ! sev5ty-sev5 religi\s e/abli%m5ts enum]at$ by ,ta9e4 ,all ^!1 or less1 7 en\gh to induce "o to ca/ suspicion aside & desc5d ^u ! city ) an op5 m9d4 ,two ?+s "o mu/ admit3 ,t\l\se does some:at approa* ! gaiety ( a capital1 & x is prov9cial4 ,its li/ ( attractions = ! visitor is great1 & its *ur*es num]\s & spl5did1 s :y c>p at ! ape-l mann]s ( ! corn] loaf]s1 :o1 :5 all is said1 are va/ly less 9 numb] "h ?an 9 _m a nor!rn c5tre ( population4 ,! ,muse is *>m+1 bo? z to ! disposition ( its p>ts & its cont5ts4 ,x 0 once a conv5t1 & has a squ>e c\rty>d or prom5ade surr\nd$ by an arcade4 ,! c\rty>d is set ab\t ) gre5 %rubs1 & a l(ty brick t[]1 pi]c$ ) little ar*$ w9d[s & mullion$ ) t9y columns1 rises skyw>d 9 true conv5tual fa%ion4 ,altoge!r ! ,muse1 9 ! attractiv5ess ( its fabric & ! size & importance ( its collections1 mu/ rank1 = int]e/ to ! t\ri/1 at ! v head ( ^? outside ,p>is itself4 ,z = ! *ur*es1 !re are _m1 ! ?ree greate/ ( :i* are ! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,eti5ne1 ,/4 ,saturn91 & ! glise des ,jacob9s2 9 all is to be obs]v$ ! univ]sal application or adoption ( des matriaux du pays--bricks4 ,9 ! ca!dral t[]1 & 9 t ( ! glise des ,jacob9s1 a ,go?ic s*eme is work$ out 9 ^! w>m-ton$ bricks1 & =ms1 9 contra/ ) ! usual execution ( a ,go?ic design1 a mo/ extraord9>y effect2 n :olly to ! detrim5t ( ! /yle1 b c]ta9ly n 9 keep+ ) ! orig9al conception & developm5t ( po9t$ ar*itecture4 ,9 #ahfc ,viollet-le-,duc ?or\ghly & cr$itably re/or$ ,/4 ,saturn9 at great exp5se1 & by ?is treatm5t x rema9s to-day z ! mo/ p]fectly pres]v$ "w extant ( its class4 ,x is va/1 curi\s1 & 9 a r mix$ /yle1 ?\gh ?or\ghly ,lat9 9 motive4 ,x is on ! bord]-l9e ( two /yles2 ( ! ,italian1 ) respect to ! full semicircul> ar*es & vault+ ( ! nave & aisles2 ! squ>e pill>s de/itute ( all ornam5t1 except ano!r column /&+ out 9 flat relief--an intimation ( ! quiet & placid =ce ( _! functions4 ,) ! transition comes a *ange 9 ! fl[]$ capitals1 f ! acan?us to trac]y & grotesque animals4 ,!re are five domes cov]+ ! five aisles1 ea* ) a semicircul> vault4 ,! walls1 ) _! infrequ5t w9d[s1 are v ?ick4 ,! delightful belfry--( five octagonal /ages--:i* rises f ! cross+ ( ! transepts1 pres5ts1 f ! outside1 a f9e & impos+ arrangem5t4 ,s1 too1 ! *apell$ *oir1 ) its apse ( r\nd$ vaults ris+ 9 impos+ ti]s4 ,?is f9e *ur* is 9 direct desc5t f ! ,roman mann]2 built & develop$ z a simple idea1 &1 l all antique & classical "w1--approa*+ purity1--is a liv+ ?+1 9 spite ( ! fact t x depicts ! s5tim5t ( a dead & gone pa/4 ,x might n be s successfully duplicat$ to-day1 b1 consid]+ t ,/4 ,saturn9 dates f ! elev5? c5tury1 its comm5cem5t 0 suffici5tly 9 ! remote pa/ to all[ ( its hav+ be5 promulgat$ "u a direct & vigor\s ,roman influ5ce4 ,! brick con/ruction ( ,/4 ,saturn9 & ( ! ca!dral is n ( t ju/ly admir$ quality se5 9 ! anci5t ,conv5t ( ! ,jacob9s1 :i* dates f ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,"h is made p]haps ! mo/ beautiful use ( ?is /yle ( m$ival build+4 ,x is e>li] ?an ! ,pont de ,montauban1 ! *ur*es at ,moissac or ,lombez1 & ev5 ! ca!dral at ,albi1 b mu* lat] ?an ! true ,romanesque brickwork1 :i* alt]nat$ r[s ( brick ) o!r mat]ials4 ,! build]s ( ,gallo-,roma9 & ,m]ov+ian times fav\r$ ?is e>li] me?od1 b "w 9 ?is /yle is seldom met ) ( a lat] date ?an ! n9? c5tury4 ,! glise ( ,/4 ,saturn9 %[s1 9 p>ts1 brickwork ( a c5tury e>li] ?an ! glise des ,jacob9s1 b1 z be=e said1 x is n s beautiful4 ,:5 ! ,r5aissance came to deal ) brique1 x did n d s badly4 ,c]ta9ly ! dome/ic & civil e/abli%m5ts ( ,t\ra9e 9 ?is /yle--to p>ticul>ize only "o section--are v beautiful4 ,:y ! revival 0 productive ( s mu* ?or\gh badness :5 x dealt ) /one is "o ( ! ?+s :i* ! exp]t has n z yet attempt$ to expla92 at lea/1 n conv9c+ly4 ,! contra/+ bl5d ( ! nor!rn & s\!rn motive 9 ! hybrid ca!dral at ,t\l\se w n rema9 unnotic$ = long aft] ! fir/ s5sation ( surprise at its curi\s gr\nd-plan passes (f4 ,"h are se5 a flamboyant nor!rn *oir & aisles 9 /range juxtaposition ) a ?irte5?-c5tury s+le vault$ nave1 aft] ! purely indig5\s s\!rn mann]4 ,?is nave ne>ly equals 9 imm5sity ^? 9 ! ca!drals ( ,albi & ,bordeaux4 ,x has ! great span ( sixty-two feet1 necessitat+ ! employm5t ( huge buttresses1 :i* w\ld be rem>kable any:]e1 9 ord] to take ! ?ru/4 ,! unob/ruct$ floor+ ( ?is spl5did nave l5ds an add$ dignity ( va/ness4 ,ne> ! vault$ ro( are ! only ap]tures 9 ! walls4 ,w9d[s1 z "o kn[s !m else:]e1 are practically abs5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,nave ( ,/4 ,eti5ne de ,t\l\se ,! congregations :i* assemble 9 ?is great aisleless nave pres5t a curi\sly animat$ effect by reason ( ! fact t !y scatt] !mselves ab\t 9 knots or gr\ps r ?an cr[d+ aga9/ ei!r ! alt>-rail or pulpit1 occasionally ev5 ov]fl[+ into ! adjo9+ *oir4 ,! nave is entirely unob/ruct$ by decorations1 su* z scre5s1 pill>s1 or tombs4 ,x is a m]e %ell1 sans gall]y1 sans aisles1 & sans tri=ium4 ,! developm5t ( ! /ructure f ! individual memb]s ( nave & *oir is readily trac$1 & ?\gh ^! p>ts %[ n ! slighte/ k9d ( relation%ip "o to ! o!r1 x is f ^! two fragm5t>y *ur*es t ! complet$1 if imp]fect1 :ole has be5 made4 ,! we/ front1 to-day m ?an ev]1 %[s h[ badly ! ca!dral has be5 put toge!r2 ! uncov]$ bricks creep out "h & !re1 & build+s to ! left1 :i* =m]ly cov]$ ! incongru\s jo9t betwe5 ! nave & *oir1 are n[ raz$1 mak+ ! pat*work ev5 m app>5t4 ,! squ>e t[] :i* flanks ! portal to ! nor? is n unpleas+1 & dates f ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies4 ,! portal is n p>ticul>ly beautiful1 & is b>e ( decorations ( note4 ,x appe>s to h be5 remodell$ at "s pa/ "t ) a view to cons]v+ ! we/]n rose w9d[4 ,!re are no transepts or collat]al *apels1 :i* t5ds to make ! gr\nd-plan ! m unusual & lack+ 9 symmetry4 ,! *oir 7#abge-aejb7 is really v beautiful1 tak5 by itself1 f> m s ?an ! nave1 f :i* x is ext5d$ on a diff]5t axis4 ,x 0 re/or$ aft] a sev5te5?-c5tury fire1 & is suppos$ to be less beautiful to-day ?an =m]ly4 ,!re are sev5te5 *apels 9 ?is *oir1 ) mu* col\r$ glass ( ! fifte5? & sev5te5? c5turies1 all ) weird poly*romatic decorations 9 decid$ly bad ta/e4 ,t\l\se became a bi%opric 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 ) ,/4 ,saturn9 z its fir/ bi%op4 ,x 0 rais$ to ! rank ( ar*iepiscopal dignity 9 #acbg1 a di/9ction :i* x enjoys to-day 9 company ) ,n>bonne4 ,six =m] suffragan bi%oprics1 ,pami]s1 ,rieux1 ,mirepoix1 ,sa9t-,pap\l1 ,lombez1 & ,lavaur 7 suppress$ at ! ,revolution4 ,9 ! magnific5t ,muse ( ! city is un petit monum5t1 )\t an inscription1 b be>+ a cross gamme or ,swa/ika1 & a palm-leaf1 symbols ( ! div9e ,apollo & ,artemis4 ,x seems curi\s t ?is t9y record 9 /one %\ld h be5 f\nd1 z x 01 9 ! m\nta9s :i* sep>ate ! s\rces ( ! ,g>onne & ! ,ad\r1 z ! ,swa/ika is a symbol suppos$ly indig5\s to ! fire & sun-wor%ipp]s ( ! ,ea/1 :]e x figures 9 a great numb] ( _! monum5ts4 ,x is call$1 by ! local antiqu>y1 a ,pyr5ean alt>4 ,if ?is is s1 x is ( c\rse ( pagan orig91 & is 9 no way connect$ ) ,*ri/ian art4 ,illu/ration3 ,/4 ,,nazaire de ,,c>cassonne ,,xiv ,,/4 ,,nazaire ,,de ,,c>cassonne ,) old & new ,c>cassonne "o f9ds a contra/1 if n z great z betwe5 ! hyph5at$ ,hung>ian cities ( ,buda & ,pe/1 at lea/ z m>k$ 9 detail4 ,9 mo/ ,european settlem5ts1 :]e an old municipality adjo9s a mod]n "o1 walls h be5 raz$1 moats fill$1 & mu* g5]al mod]nization has be5 und]tak54 ,) ,c>cassonne ?is is n s2 its w9d+ ways1 its culs-de-sacs1 n>r[ alleys1 & t[]+ walls rema9 mu* z !y always 71 & ! great /ronghold ( ! ,middle ,ages1 vuln]able--z hi/ory tells--f b "o po9t1 rema9s to-day1 aft] its admirable re/oration ( ro( & cap/one1 mu* z x 0 9 ! days :5 mod]n ,c>cassonne 0 b a scatt]+ hamlet b5ea? ! walls ( ! old] =tification4 ,"o ?+ w always be recall$1 & t is t a "p ( ! ence9te ( ! anci5t ,cit 0 a con/ruction ( ! six? c5tury--! days ( ! ,visigo?s--& t its subsequ5t developm5t into an almo/ invuln]able =tress 0 b ! endorsem5t :i* lat] c5turies gave to ! "w & =e?\ght ( a p :o 7 suppos$ to possess no arts1 & v little ( +5uity4 ,?is %\ld sugge/ a l9e ( inve/igation to "o s m9d$2 :ile = u1 :o reg>d ! anci5t walls m]ely z a b\nd>y :i* %elt]$ & protect$ a *>m+ ,go?ic *ur*1 x is p]haps suffici5t to recall ! inconsi/5cy 9 _m previ\s e/imates z to :at great abilities1 if any1 ! ,go?s possess$4 ,if x is true t ! ,visigo?s m]ely foll[$ ,roman tradition1 s mu* ! m cr$itable to !m t !y pres]v$ ^! anci5t walls to ! glory ( ^? :o came aft]1 & b add$ to ! g5]al plan4 ,old & new ,c>cassonne1 z "o might call !m1 9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies _h ea* _! own magi/rates & a sep>ate gov]nm5t4 ,! ,cit1 elevat$ above ! ville1 held also ! g>rison1 ! presidial seat1 & ! fir/ s5es*al%ip ( ! prov9ce4 ,! bi%opric ( ! ,cit is n s anci5t z ! ville itself2 = ! fir/ prelate !re ^: "n is f\nd ^u record 0 "o ,s]gius1 :o subscrib$ to a ',c\ncil' held at ,n>bonne 9 #eij4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,old ,cit de ,c>cassonne be=e & aft] ! ,re/oration ,/4 ,hilaire1 :o f\nd$ ! abbey at ,poiti]s1 came p]haps be=e ,s]gius1 b 8 t5ure is obscure z to its exact date4 ,! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,mi*el1 9 ! l[] t[n1 has be51 s9ce #ahjc1 ! seat ( ! bi%op's ?rone4 ,x is a "w unique1 p]haps1 9 its design1 b entirely unfeel+ & prepo/]\s 9 its ov]elaborate decorations4 ,x has a long p>allelogram-l nave1 entirem5t pe9te1 z ! cu/odian ref]s to x4 ,x has1 to be sure1 a gr& vault1 /rong & broad1 b !re are no aisles1 & ! *apels :i* flank ?is gross nave are m]e pa9t$ boxes4 ,episcopal dignity dem&$ t "s %[ ( importance %\ld be giv5 to ! ca!dral1 & x 0 plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ,viollet-le-,duc 9 #ahdi = re/oration4 ,:atev] 8 lab\rs may h be51 he d\btless 0 n mu* 9 sympa?y ) ?is clumsy fabric1 & m]ely re/or$ x 9 "s measure approa*+ its twelf?-c5tury =m4 ,x is ) ,/4 ,nazaire de ,c>cassonne1 ! t9y glise ( ! old ,cit & ! ci-devant ca!dral t we h to d4 ,?is mo/ fasc9at+ *ur*1 fasc9at+ = itself none ! less ?an its unique environm5t1 is1 9 spite ( ! ext5d$ c5turies ( its gr[?1 almo/ ! equal 9 ! purity ( its ,go?ic to t ( ,/4 ,urba9 at ,troyes4 ,& ?is1 9 spite ( evid5ces ( r bad jo9+ up ( c]ta9 w>r+ con/ructive elem5ts4 ,! /ructure readily composes itself into two di/9ct p>ts3 t ( ! ,romanesque 7r\nd ar* & b>rel vault7 era & t ( ! ,go?ic ( ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies4 ,no consid]ation ( ,/4 ,nazaire de ,c>cassonne is possible )\t fir/ com+ to a realization ( ! con/ruction & ! functions ( ! spl5didly picturesque & effective ramp>ts :i* enclos$ ! anci5t ,cit1 its ca!dral1 *teaux1 & v>i\s civil & dome/ic e/abli%m5ts4 ,9 brief1 its hi/ory & *ronology comm5ces ) ! ,visigo? f\ndation1 ext5d+ f ! fif? to ! eigh? c5turies to ! "t 7#acef7 :5 x successfully resi/$ ! ,black ,pr9ce 9 8 bloody ravage1 by sword & fire1 ( all ( ,langu$oc4 ,leg5d has x t 9 ,*>lemagne's "t1 aft] t mon>* _h besieg$ ! t[n = _m ye>s & 0 ab\t to raise ! siege 9 despair1 a c]ta9 t[]1--:i* flank$ ! *teau1--def5d$ only by a ,gauloise kn[n z ,c>caso1 sudd5ly gave way & op5$ a brea* by :i* ! army 0 at la/ able to ent]4 ,a rude figure p]petuat+ ! fame ( ?is ,madame ,c>caso--a v]itable ,amazon1 x w\ld seem--is /ill se51 rudely c>v$1 ov] ! ,porte ,n>bonnaise4 ,illu/ration3 ,two ,capitals ( ,pill>s 9 ,/4 ,nazaire de ,c>cassonne2 & ! ,rude ,/one ,c>v+ ( ,c>cas ,x is ! inn] l9e ( ramp>ts :i* dates f ! e>lie/ p]iod4 ,! *teau1 ! po/]n-gate1 & mo/ ( ! int]ior con/ruction are ( ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies1 :ile ! out] =tification is ( ! "t ( ,/4 ,l\is1 ! latt] "p ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,nazaire 444 de ,,c>cassonne ,! ,s>ac5s successfully attack$ & occupi$ ! city f #gac to #gei1 b 7 r\t$ by ,pep9-le-,bref4 ,9 #ajij 0 fir/ f\nd$ ! /rong vicomtale dyna/y ( ! ,tr5cavels4 ,9 #abaj ! ,crusad]s1 "u ,simon de ,mont=t & ! implacable ,abbot ( ,citeaux1 laid siege to ! ,cit1 an act :i* result$ 9 ! f9al massacre1 fifty ( ! besieg$--:o surr5d]$--be+ hang$1 & f\r hundr$ burn$ alive4 ,9 addition to ! walls & ramp>ts 7 fifty circul> protect+ t[]s4 ,! extreme l5g? ( ! inn] enclosure is p]haps ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile1 & ( ! out] ne>ly a full mile4 ,x is impossible to describe ! magnitude & spl5d\r ( ^! city walls1 :i*1 up to ! "t ( _! re/oration by ,viollet-le-,duc1 _h sc>cely crumbl$ at all4 ,! upp] ranges ( ! t[]s1 ro(-tops1 ramp>ts1 etc41 _h become brok51 ( c\rse1 & ! sky-l9e _h become s]rat$1 b ! walls1 _! f\ndations1 & _! outl9e plan _h endur$ z few works ( su* magnitude h be=e or s9ce4 ,c>cassonne1 its hi/ory1 its romance1 & its picturesque qualities1 has ev] appeal$ to ! poet1 pa9t]1 & hi/orian alike4 ,some?+ ( ! halo ( s5tim5t :i* surr\nds ?is m>vell\s =tifi$ city w be ga!r$ f ! foll[+ praiseful admiration by ,gu/ave ,nadaud3 ,,c>cassonne ',i'm gr[+ old1 ,i've sixty ye>s2 ,i've lab\r$ all my life 9 va92 ,9 all t "t ( hopes & fe>s ,i've fail$ my de>e/ wi% to ga92 ,i see full well t "h bel[ ,bliss unalloy$ !re is = none4 ,my pray] w ne'er fulfilm5t "k2 ,i nev] h se5 ,c>cassonne1 ,i nev] h se5 ,c>cassonne6 ',y see ! city f ! hill-- ,x lies beyond ! m\nta9s blue1 ,& yet to rea* x "o mu/ /ill ,five long & we>y leagues pursue1 ,&1 to return1 z _m m6 ,ah6 _h ! v9tage pl5te\s gr[n1 ,! grape )held its yell[ /ore6 ,i %all n look on ,c>cassonne1 ,i %all n look on ,c>cassonne6 ',!y tell me e day is !re ,n m nor less ?an ,sunday gay2 ,9 %9+ robes & g>m5ts fair ,! p walk ^u _! way4 ,"o gazes !re on ca/le walls ,z gr& z ^? ( ,babylon1 ,a bi%op & two g5]als6 ,i d n "k fair ,c>cassonne1 ,i d n "k fair ,c>cassonne6 ',! cur's "r2 he says t we ,are ev] wayw>d1 weak1 & bl9d2 ,he tells u 9 8 homily ,ambition ru9s all mank9d2 ,yet c\ld ,i !re two days h sp5t1 ,:ile ! autumn sweetly %one1 ,ah1 me6 ,i might h di$ cont5t ,:5 ,i _h look$ on ,c>cassonne1 ,:5 ,i _h look$ on ,c>cassonne6 ',?y p>don1 ,fa!r1 ,i besee*1 ,9 ?is my pray] if ,i (f5d2 ,"o some?+ sees beyond 8 rea* ,f *ildhood to 8 j\rney's end4 ,my wife1 our little boy1 ,aignan1 ,h travell$ ev5 to ,n>bonne1 ,my gr&*ild has se5 ,p]pignan1 ,& ,i h n se5 ,c>cassonne1 ,& ,i h n se5 ,c>cassonne6' ,s croon$ "o day1 close by ,lim\x1 ,a peasant d\ble b5t ) age1 ',rise up1 my fri5d1' said ,i1 ') y ,i'll g ^u ?is pilgrimage4' ,we left next morn+ 8 abode1 ,b 7,heav5 =give him7 half way on ,! old man di$ ^u ! road2 ,he nev] gaz$ on ,c>cassonne1 ,ea* mortal has 8 ,c>cassonne6 ,/4 ,nazaire is possess$ ( a ,romanesque nave :i* dates f #ajif1 b ! *oir & transepts are ( ! mo/ acceptable ,go?ic =ms ( ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies4 ,?is *oir is readily acc\nt$ z a ma/]work ( elegance1 is purely nor!rn 9 /yle & treatm5t1 & possesses also ^? o!r attributes ( ! p]fectionnem5t ( ! /yle--f9e glass1 delicate f5e/ration1 & sup]lative grace ?r\gh\t1 z contra/$ ) ! heavi] & m cold details ( ! ,romanesque v>iety4 ,! nave 0 d$icat$ by ,urba9 ,,ii41 & 0 d\btless int5d$ = def5ce1 if its squ>e1 firmly b$d$ t[]s & pi]s are sugge/ive ( t quality4 ,! pr9cipal porte--x does n rise to ! gr&eur ( a portail--is a ?or\gh ,roman example4 ,! int]ior1 ) its great pi]s1 its r\gh b>rel-vault1 & its g5]al lack ( grace & elegance1 bespeaks its functions z a /ronghold4 ,a ,romanesque t[] 9 its orig9al =m /&s on ! side :i* adjo9s ! ramp>ts4 ,) ! *oir comes ! contra/1 bo? inside & out4 ,! apside1 ! transepts1 ! elev5 gorge\s w9d[s1 & ! extreme grace ( its pi]s & vault+1 all comb9e 9 ! fulle/ expression ( ! ar*itectural art ( its "t4 ,?is admirable ,go?ic addition 0 ! "w ( ,bi%op ,pi]re de ,ro*e=t 9 #acba4 ,! transept *apels & ! apse are fram$ ) light so>+ ar*es1 & ! great ea/]ly w9d[s are set ) brilliant glass4 ,9 a side *apel is ! =m] tomb ( ,simon de ,mont=t1 ^: rema9s 7 buri$ "h 9 #abah4 ,at a subsequ5t "t !y 7 remov$ to ,mont=t l',amaury 9 ! ,isle ( ,france4 ,ano!r rem>kable tomb is t ( ,bi%op ,radulph 7#abff74 ,x %[s an unusually elaborate sculptur$ treatm5t = its "t1 & is mo/ ornate & beautiful4 ,9 ! *oir are _m f9e f\rte5?-c5tury /atues2 a tomb ) a sleep+ figure1 ?\ght to be t ( ,bi%op du ,puy ( ,c>cassonne2 /atues ( ! ,virg91 ,/4 ,nazaire1 & ! twelve apo/les2 an elaborate high-alt>2 & a pair ( magnific5t c&le/icks1 be>+ ! arms ( ,bi%op ,m>t9 7#aebb74 ,an elev5?-c5tury crypt lies b5ea? ! *oir4 ,! sacri/y1 z x is to-day1 0 =m]ly a ?irte5?-c5tury *apel4 ,! organ is commonly suppos$ to be ! mo/ anci5t 9 ,france4 ,x is n ( rank+ greatness z a "w ( art1 b x is int]e/+ to "k t x has "s r$eem+ quality1 aside f its conv5tional ugl9ess4 ,! t\r c>re1 :i* is set 9 ! inn] ramp>t j 9 front ( ! ca!dral1 is kn[n z ! ,bi%op's ,t[]4 ,x is a t[] ( _m /ages1 & conta9s "s beautifully vault$ *amb]s4 ,! celebrat$ t\r des ,visigo?s1 :i* is ne> by1 is ! mo/ anci5t ( all4 ,! entrance to ! old ,cit is via ! ,pont ,vieux1 :i* is itself a m$ival twelf? or ?irte5? c5tury ar*itectural monum5t ( r>e beauty4 ,9 ! middle ( ?is old bridge is a v anci5t iron cross4 ,illu/ration ,,xv ,,ca?,,drale ,,de ,,pami]s ,une petite ville sur la rive droite de l',arige1 siege d'un v*e4 ,^! few words1 ) p]haps sev5 accompany+ l9es1 usually dismiss ?is *>m+ little ,pyr5ean city1 s f> z in=mation = ! travell] is conc]n$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 "o ( ^! neglect$ t\ri/ po9ts :i* ! travell] has ev] pass$ by 9 8 wild ru% across c\ntry4 ,to be sure1 x is consid]ably (f ! beat5 track2 s too are its neighb\r+ anci5t bi%oprics ( ,mirepoix & ,/4 ,b]tr& de ,comm+es1 & = t reason !y are comp>atively unspoil$4 ,! great & *>m+ attraction ( ,pami]s is its view ( ! s]rat$ ridge ( ! ,pyr5ees f ! prom5ade de ,ca/ellat1 j beyond ! ca!dral4 ,= ! re/1 ! ca!dral1 ! =tifi$ glise de ,notre ,dame du ,camp1 ! anci5t glise de ,cordeli]s1 ! _m old h\ses1 & ! g5]al sub-tropical aspect ( ! c\ntry r\nd ab\t1 all comb9e to pres5t attractions f> m edify+ & gratify+ ?an ! allurem5ts ( c]ta9 ( ! ,pyr5ean wat]+-places4 ,! ca!dral itself is n a great "w2 its *>m1 z be=e said1 lies 9 its environm5ts4 ,its *ief feature--& "o ( real di/9ction--is its octagonal clo*]1 9 brick1 dat+ f ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,x is a s+ul>ly graceful t[]1 built aft] ! local mann] ( ! ,midi ( ,france1 ( :i* ,/4 ,saturn9 & ! glise des ,jacob9s at ,t\l\se are ! mo/ notable4 ,its base is a broad squ>e ma*icolat$ f\ndation ) no op5+s1 & sugge/s1 z truly z does ! t[] at ,albi1 a *ur*ly /ronghold unlikely to give way be=e any ord9>y attack4 ,9 ! ma91 ! *ur* is a rebuilt1 r ?an a re/or$ edifice4 ,! nave1 & inde$ ne>ly all ( ! /ructure1 except its dom9ant octagonal t[]1 is ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,?is "w 0 und]tak5 & consummat$ by ,mans>t aft] ! mann] ( t p]iod1 & is f> m acceptable ?an ! effect produc$ by mo/ re/or$ *ur*es4 ,! elev5?-c5tury abbey ( ,/4 ,anto9e =m$ orig9ally ! seat ( ! ?rone ( ! fir/ bi%op ( ,pami]s1 ,b]n>d ,saisset1 9 #abig4 ,,xvi ,,/4 ,,b]tr& ,,de ,,comm+es ,to-day ,/4 ,b]tr& de ,comm+es1 ! anci5t ,lugdunum ,conv5>um 7?r\gh :i* "o traces its communi/ic f\ndation71 is possess$ ( some?+ less ?an six hundr$ inhabitants4 ,rema9s ( ! ,roman ramp>ts are yet to be se51 & its ci-devant ca!dral1--( ! twelf? to f\rte5? c5turies--suppress$ 9 #agij1 /ill dom9ates ! t[n f its heights4 ,ar?ur ,"y1 writ+ 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 describes its situation ?us3 ,! m\nta9s rise pr\dly ar\nd & give _! r\gh frame to ?is exquisite little picture4 ,! diocese grew out ( ! monki% community :i* _h settl$ "h 9 ! six? c5tury1 :5 ! prelate ,suavis became its fir/ bi%op4 ,to-day ! ne>e/ bi%op's seat is at ,t>bes1 9 ! ar*bi%opric ( ,au*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,b]tr& de ,,comm+es ,z to ar*itectural /yle1 ! ca!dral pres5ts :at might ord9>ily be call$ an undesirable mixture1 ?\gh x is 9 no way un9t]e/+ or ev5 unpleas+4 ,! we/ front has a curi\s ,romanesque doorway1 & !re is a massiv5ess ( wall & buttress :i* ! r dim9utive proportions ( ! g5]al plan ( ! *ur* make notably app>5t4 ,o!rwise ! effect1 f a n too ne> view-po9t1 is "o ( a solidity & firmness ( build+ only to be se5 9 "s ( ! neighb\r+ =tress-*ur*es4 ,a t[] ( r heavy proportions is to-day capp$ ) a pyramidal slate or timb]$ apex aft] ! mann] ( ! we/]n t[]s at ,rodez4 ,f a di/ance1 ?is feature has ! sugge/ion ( ! developm5t ( :at may p]haps be a local type ( clo*]4 ,clos] inspections1 :5 its tempor>y nature is made pla91 disabuses ?is idea entirely4 ,x is inside ! walls t ! great *>m ( ?is *ur* lies4 ,x is elaborately plann$1 pr(use 9 ornam5t1--)\t be+ 9 any degree r$undant1--& has a w>m? & brilliancy :i* 9 mo/ ,romanesque int]iors is want+4 ,?is int]ior is repres5tative1 on a small scale1 ( t class ( /ructure ^: di/9ctive feature is :at ! ,fr5* ar*itect calls a nef unique1 mean+1 9 ?is in/ance1 "o ( ^? great s+le-*amb]$ *ur*es )\t aisles1 su* z are f\nd at ,p]pignan1 new ,c>cassonne1 ,lodve1 & 9 a /ill m amplifi$ =m at ,albi4 ,!re are ( c\rse no aisles2 & = a l5g? ( some?+ ov] two hundr$ feet1 & a bread? ( fifty-five1 ! bold vault--9 ! e>ly po9t$ /yle--ro(s "o ( ! mo/ attractive & pleas+ *ur* int]iors x is possible to conceive4 ,( ! arti/ic accessories x is impossible to be too en?usia/ic4 ,!re are sixty-six *oir-/alls1 mo/ elaborately c>v$ 9 wood--p]haps mahogany--( a deep ri* col\r+ seldom se54 ,num]\s o!r sculptur$ details 9 wood & /one set (f ) unusual effect ! great & well-nigh w9d[less side walls4 ,! organ buffet ( ,r5aissance workman%ip--z w naturally be inf]r$--is a rem>kably elaborate "w1 mu* m to be admir$ ?an _m ( its contempor>ies4 ,among ! o!r decorative features are an elaborately conceiv$ tree ( ,jesse1 an unusually massive rood-l(t or jube1 & a high-alt> ( mu* magnific5ce4 ,! *oir is surr\nd$ by elev5 *apels1 %[+ 9 "s in/ances ! pure po9t$ /yle1 & 9 ! latt] ones t ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,a f\rte5?-c5tury fun]al monum5t ( ,bi%op ,hugh de ,ca/illione is an elaborate "w 9 :ite m>ble2 :ile a s]ies ( pa9t+s on ! *oir walls1--illu/rat+ ! miracles ( ,/4 ,b]tr&1--?\gh ( a c]ta9 crudity1 t5d to height5 ! int]e/ )\t giv+ t effect ( ! ov]-elaboration ( irrelative details n unfrequ5tly se5 9 "s l>g] *ur*es4 ,at ,/4 ,b]tr& de ,comm+es & ! ca!drals at ,arles1 ,cavaillon1 & ,aix-en-,prov5ce1 ,elne-en-,r\ssillon1 & ,le ,puy-en-,velay are cons]v$--9 a m or less p]fect /ate ( pres]vation--a s]ies ( delightful twelf?-c5tury cloi/]s4 ,^! *ur*es possess ?is feature 9 common ) ! purely mona/ic h\ses1 ^: build]s s frequ5tly lavi%$ mu* ?\ght & c>e on ^! enclos$ & cloi/]$ c\rty>ds4 ,z a m]e detail--or accessory1 if y w1--an ample cloi/] is expressive ( mu* t is want+ 9 a great *ur* :i* lacks ?is contributory feature4 ,frequ5tly ?is "p 0 ! fir/ to succumb to ! de/roy+ influ5ce ( "t1 & leave a void = :i* no am\nt ( latt]-day improvem5t c\ld make up4 ,ev5 "h1 :ile ! cloi/] ranks z "o ( ! mo/ beautiful yet to be se51 x is "p 9 a ru9\s condition4 ,illu/ration ,,xvii ,,/4 ,,jean-,,bapti/e ,d',,aire ,?is city ( ! ,l&es1 t wild1 bleak region ( s&-dunes & %eph]ds1 abuts ^u ! m prosp]\s & f]tile t]ritory ( ! valley ( ! ,ad\r4 ,by reason ( ?is juxtaposition1 its daily life pres5ts a s]ies ( contra/+ elem5ts z qua9t & z int]e/+ z ^? ( ! bord]+ ,franco-,spani% cities ( ,p]pignan & ,bayonne4 ,f travell]s 9 g5]al1 & lov]s ( ar*itecture 9 p>ticul>1 x has ev] receiv$ b scant consid]ation1 ?\gh x is by no means ! des]t place t e>ly ,victorian writ]s w\ld h u believe4 ,x is 9 reality a well-built m$ival t[n1 ) no v lurid ev5ts ( ! pa/ to its discr$it1 &1 tru?fully1 ) no v m>vell\s attributes beyond a c]ta9 subtle *>m & qua9tness :i* is p]haps ! m int]e/+ because ( its unobtrusiv5ess4 ,x has be5 a c5tre ( ,*ri/ian activity s9ce ! days ( ! fif? c5tury1 :5 its fir/ bi%op1 ,m>cel1 0 appo9t$ to ! diocese by ! "m-see ( ,au*4 ,! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,jean-,bapti/e belongs to ! m9or class ( pres5t-day ca!drals1 & is ( a decid$ly conglom]ate ar*itectural /yle1 ) no impos+ dim5sions1 & no really vivid or lively details ( ornam5tation4 ,x 0 begun 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & ! "w ( rebuild+ & re/oration has be5 c>ri$ on well up to ! pres5t "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/s4 ,,b5oit et ,,v9c5t de ,,ca/res ,,xviii ,,/s4 ,,b5oit ,,et ,,v9c5t ,,de ,,ca/res ,ca/res w ev] rank 9 ! m9d ( ! wayf>] along ! byways ( ! s\? ( ,france z a m>vell\s bit ( /age sc5]y1 r ?an z a collection ( pr(\nd1 or ev5 highly int]e/+1 ar*itectural types4 ,x is "o ( ^? spots into :i* a travell] drops q unconsci\sly en r\te to some:]e else2 & l+]s a mu* long] "t ?an circum/ances w\ld seem to ju/ify4 ,?is is p]haps inexplicable1 b x is a fact1 :i* is only 9 a measure acc\nt$ = by reason ( ! local col\r--:atev] t vague t]m ( ! popul> noveli/ may mean--& cu/oms :i* weave an entanglem5t ab\t "o :i* is difficult to resi/4 ,! riv] ,ag\t is z weird a /ream z its "n implies1 & divides ?is haphaz>d little city ( ! ,t>n into two di/9ct1 & q *>act]i/ically diff]5t1 p>ts4 ,int]c\rse betwe5 ,ca/res & its faub\rg1 ,villegondom1 is c>ri$ on by two /one bridges2 & f ei!r bank ( ! riv]1 or f ei!r ( ! bridges1 !re is always 9 a view a ravi%+ly picturesque ensemble ( decrepit walls & bill[y ro(-tops1 t w make ! arti/ ( bru% & p5cil angry ) fleet+ "t4 ,! =m] ca!dral is n an entranc+ly beautiful /ructure2 inde$1 x is n aft] ! accept$ good =m ( any di/9ct ar*itectural /yle4 ,x is a poor batt]$ ?+ :i* has suff]$ h>dly 9 ! pa/2 notably at ! h&s ( ! ,hugu5ots 9 #aefg4 ,z x /&s to-day1 x is practically a sev5te5?-c5tury con/ruction1 ?\gh x is yet unf9i%$ & lacks its we/]n faade4 ,! vault+ ( ! *oir1 & ! *apels are ! only con/ructive elem5ts :i* w>rant rem>k4 ,!re are a few pa9t+s 9 ! *oir1 f\r r attractive life-size /atues1 & a s]ies ( sev]e b elegant *oir-/alls4 ,! =m] v* is to-day ! ,htel de ,ville1 b 0 built by ,mans>t 9 #afff1 & has a f9e escali] 9 sculptur$ /one4 ,z a c5tre ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,ca/res is v anci5t4 ,9 #fdg !re 0 a ,b5$ict9e abbey "h4 ,! bi%opric1 h[ev]1 did n come into be+ until #acag1 & 0 suppress$ 9 #agij4 ,,xix ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,rodez ,! ca!dral at ,rodez1 ^: diocese dates f ! fif? c5tury & ^: fir/ bi%op 0 ,/4 ,am&1 is1 9 a way1 rem9isc5t--9 its maje/y ( outl9e & dom9ant situation--( t at ,albi4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 aft] ! same mann]1 b resembles x m p>ticul>ly ) respect to its we/ faade1 :i* is unpi]c$ 9 its l[] /ages by ei!r doorway or w9d[4 ,"h1 too1 ! entrance is midway 9 its l5g?1 & its front pres5ts t %e] flank ( wall$ b>ri] :i* is sugge/ive ( no?+ b a =tification4 ,illu/ration3 ,,notre ,,dame de ,,rodez 444 ,?is great *ur*--= x is truly great1 pure & simple--makes up 9 wid? :at x lacks 9 l5g?4 ,its nave & aisles are j cov]$ by a span ( "o hundr$ & tw5ty feet1--a great] dim5sion ?an is possess$ by ,*>tres or ,r\51 & ne>ly z great z ,p>is or ,ami5s4 ,altoge!r ,notre ,dame de ,rodez is a mo/ pleas+ *ur*1 ?\gh conglom]ate z to its ar*itecture1 & z bad1 ) respect to ! ,r5aissance gable ( its faade1 z any contempor>y "w 9 ! same /yle4 ,rodez lacks1 h[ev]1 ! great enfold+ t[] c5tral ( ,albi4 ,?is mell[ & w>m-ton$ ca!dral1 f its beg9n+s 9 ! latt] ye>s ( ! ?irte5? c5tury to ! "t :5 ! ,r5aissance ca/ its da/>dly spell ov] ! g5ius :o inspir$ its orig9al plan1 0 ! result ( ! p]sev]+ ?\gh int]mitt5t "w ( ?ree c5turies1 & ev5 !n ! two we/]n t[]s 7 left incomplete4 ,?is p]haps 0 =tunate2 o!rwise !y might h be5 topp$ ) su* an excresc5ce z looms up ov] ! doorless we/ faade4 ,! ,gascon comp>es ! pyramidal ro(s :i* cap ei!r t[]--& ) "s ju/ness1 too--to ! pyramids ( ,egypt1 & = t reason ! t[]s are1 to him1 ! mo/ wond]ful 9 ! univ]se4 ,subtle hum\r ?is1 & ! obs]v] w h little difficulty 9 trac+ ! analogy4 ,/ill1 !y really are pref]able1 z a decorative feature1 to ! tomb-l headbo>d :i* surm\nts ! c5tral gable :i* !y flank4 ,! gr\nd-plan is s+ul>ly uni=m1 ) transepts sc>cely def9$--except 9 ! int]ior arrangem5ts--& yet n :olly abs5t4 ,! elaborate t[]1 call$ (t5 & ) "s ju/ification ! beffroi1 :i* flanks1 or r indicates1 ! nor!rly transept1 is h>dly pure z to its ,go?ic details1 b x is a magnific5t "w nev]!less4 ,x dates f #aeaj1 is two hundr$ & sixty-five feet high1 & is typical ( mo/ ( ! late po9t$ "w ( its era4 ,! f9al /age is octagonal & is surm\nt$ by a /atue ( ! ,virg9 surr\nd$ by ! ,evangeli/s4 ,?is /atue may or may n be a wor?y "w ( art2 x is too elevat$1 h[ev]1 = "o to decide4 ,! decorations ( ! we/ front1 except = ! tomb/one-l ,r5aissance gable1 are ma9ly ( ! same p]iod z ! nor? transept t[]1 & :ile p]haps ultra-florid1 c]ta9ly make a f9e appe>ance :5 view$ across ! ,place d',armes4 ,?is we/ front1 moreov]1 possesses t unusual attribute ( a s\!rn *ur*1 an elaborate ,go?ic rose w9d[2 &1 ?\gh x does n equal 9 size or design su* magnific5t examples z are se5 9 ! nor?1 at ,reims1 ,ami5s1 or ,*>tres1 is1 aft] all1 a notable detail ( its k9d4 ,! *oir1 *evet1 & apside are ( massive build+1 ?\gh n lack+ grace1 9 spite ( ! abs5ce ( ! arcs-b\tants ( ! be/ ,go?ic4 ,num]\s grotesque g>goyles dot ! eaves & gables1 ?\gh :e!r ( ! sp\t v>iety or m]e symbols ( sup]/ition "o c h>dly tell ) accuracy :5 view$ f ! gr\nd level4 ,! nor? & s\? portals ( ! transepts are ( a florid nature1 aft] ! mann] ( mo/ ( ! decorations ?r\gh\t ! /ructure1 & are acceptable evid5ce ( ! +5i\s craft ( ! /one-c>v]1 if no?+ m4 ,! workman%ip ( ^! details1 h[ev]1 does n rise to ! heights a*iev$ by ! ar*itect :o outl9$ ! plan & f\ndation ^u :i* !y 7 latt]ly impos$4 ,!y are1 too1 sadly disfigur$1 ! tympanum 9 ! nor? portal hav+ be5 disgracefully ravi%$4 ,! int]ior arrangem5ts are d\bly impressive1 n only f ! effect ( great size1 b f ! novel col\r effect--a sort ( dull1 gl[+ p9k :i* seems to p]vade ! v atmosph]e1 an effect :i* contra/s /rangely ) ! cold] atmosph]e ( ! ,go?ic *ur*es ( ! nor?4 ,a curi\s feature to be not$ "h is t ! su/a9+ walls ( ! vault re/ directly on pi]s sans capitals2 z effective1 no d\bt1 z ! conv5tional mann]1 b 9 ?is case h>dly z pleas+4 ,two alt>s1 "o at ei!r end ( nave & *oir1 duplicate ! arrangem5t se5 at ,albi4 ,! organ buffet1 too1 is ( ! same massiv5ess & elaborat5ess1 & is consequ5tly an object ( supreme pride to ! local au?orities4 ,x seems difficult to make ^! useful & necess>y adjuncts to a *ur* int]ior ( ! quality ( beauty %>$ by mo/ o!r accessories1 su* z scre5s1 alt>s1 & *oir-/alls1 :i*1 ?\gh (t5 ( ! contempor>y ,r5aissance p]iod1 are g5]ally beautiful 9 !mselves4 ,! organ-case1 h[ev]1 seems to run ei!r to size1 heav9ess1 or grotesqu5ess1 or a comb9ation ( all4 ,?is is true 9 ?is case1 :]e its great size1 & pl5tifully bespr9kl$ rococo ornam5t1 & unpleasantly dull & d+y pipes are ( no /hetic value :atev]4 ,! organ1 moreov]1 occupies ! unusual position--9 a ,fr5* *ur*--( be+ ov] ! we/]n doorway4 ,! nave is ( extreme height1 "o hundr$ & t5 feet1 & is ( unusual wid?1 z are also ! aisles4 ,! rose w9d[1 be=e rem>k$1 %[s well f ! inside1 ?\gh its glass is n notable4 ,a s]ies ( badly ar*$ lancets 9 ! *oir are ungraceful & n 9 keep+ ) ! o!r con/ructive details4 ,! delicately sculptur$ & foliag$ scre5 or jub at ! cross+ is a late fifte5?-c5tury "w4 ,9 "o ( ! *apels is n[ to be se51 9 mutilat$ fragm5ts1 ! anci5t sixte5?-c5tury clture du *oeur4 ,x 0 a rem>kable & elaborate "w ( biz>re /one-c>v+1 :i* to-day has be5 recon/ruct$ 9 "s measure approa*+ its =m] complet5ess by ! use ( /ill o!r fragm5ts tak5 f ! episcopal palace4 ,! *ief feature z to complet5ess & p]fection is ! doorway1 :i* be>s two l5g?y inscriptions 9 ,lat94 ,! fac+ ( ! clture ?r\gh\t is cov]$ ) a range ( pila/]s 9 ,arabesque1 b ! ni*es betwe5 are to-day b>e ( _! /atues1 if !y ev] really possess$ !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,*oir-/alls1 ,rodez ,! *oir-/alls & bi%op's ?rone 9 c>v$ wood are excell5t1 z also an elaborately c>v$ wood5 grille ( a mix$ ,arabesque & ,go?ic design4 ,!re are f\r o!r *apel or alcove scre5s v ne>ly z elaborate2 all ( :i* features1 tak5 9 conjunction "o ) ! o!r1 =m an ext5sive s]ies ( embelli%m5ts su* z is seldom met )4 ,two f\rte5?-c5tury monum5ts to =m] prelates are situat$ 9 adjo9+ *apels1 & a /ill m luxuri\s "w ( ! same p]iod--! tomb ( ,gilb]t de ,cantobre--is b5ea? an ext5sive alt> :i* has suppos$ly ,byzant9e ornam5t ( ! t5? c5tury4 ,rodez 0 ! seat ( a bi%op 7,/4 ,am&7 z e>ly z ! fif? c5tury4 ,!n1 z n[1 ! diocese 0 a suffragan ( ,albi1 ^: fir/ bi%op1 ,/4 ,clair1 came to ! "m-see 9 ! c5tury previ\s4 ,,xx ,,/e4 ,c,,cile ,d',,albi ,! ca!dral ( ,/e4 ,ccile d',albi is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+1 z well z "o ( ! mo/ curi\s1 9 all ,france4 ,x possesses a quality1 r>e among *ur*es1 :i* gives x at once ! aspect ( bo? a *ur* & a =tress4 ,z ! repres5tative ( a type1 x /&s at ! v head ( ! spl5did =tress-*ur*es ( feudal times4 ,! rem>kable disposition ( its plan is some:at reflect$ 9 ! neighb\r+ ca!dral at ,rodez & 9 ! *ur* at ,esnades1 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,*>5te-,infrieure4 ,9 ! sev]e & aggressive l9es ( ! ea/]ly1 or *oir1 end1 x also resembles ! fam\s *ur* ( ,/4 ,francis at ,assisi1 & ! ru9$ *ur* ( ,sa9te ,sophie at ,famag\/a 9 ! ,isl& ( ,cyprus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,c,,cile d',,albi 444 ,x has be5 lik5$ by ! imag9ative ,fr5*--& x ne$s n s v great a /ret* ( ! imag9ation1 ei!r--to an imm5se vessel4 ,c]ta9ly its l9es & proportions some:at approa* su* a =m2 z mu* s z ^? ( ,notre ,dame de ,noyon1 :i* ,/ev5son lik5$ to an old-"t craft ) a high poop4 ,a less /hetic comp>ison has be5 made ) a locomotive ( gigantic size1 &1 tru? to tell1 x is n unlike t1 ei!r1 ) its advanc+ t[]4 ,! extreme wid? ( ! great nave ( ?is *ur* is ne>ly n9ety feet1 & its body is con/ruct$1 aft] an unusual mann]1 ( a w>m1 rosy-col\r$ brick4 ,9 fact ! only consid]able portions ( ! /ructure n s done are ! clture ( ! *oir1 ! w9d[-mullions1 & ! flamboyant ,go?ic por* ( ! s\? side4 ,by reason ( its uncommon con/ructive elem5ts1--?\gh by no means is x ! sole repres5tative ( its k9d 9 ! s\? ( ,france1--,/e4 ,ccile /&s =? z ! mo/ consid]able edifice ( its k9d among ^? :i* 7 con/ruct$ aft] ?is mann] ( ,roman antiquity4 ,brickwork ( ?is nature1 z is well kn[n1 is v endur+1 & x !re=e makes mu* = ! la/+ qualities ( a /ructure s built2 mu* m s1 9 fact1 ?an ! crumbl+ s(t /one :i* is (t5 us$1 & :i* crumbles be=e ! m>* ( "t l lead 9 a furnace4 ,/e4 ,ccile 0 begun 9 #abhb1 on ! ru9s ( ! anci5t *ur* ( ,/4 ,croix4 ,x came to its completion dur+ ! latt] ye>s ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 :5 x /ood mu* z x does to-day1 grim & /rong1 b v beautiful4 ,! only ext]ior addition ( a lat] "t is ! be=e-rem>k$ florid s\? por*4 ,?is baldaqu9 is v *>m+ly work$ 9 a light br[n /one1 &1 :ile flamboyant to an ultra degree1 is m graceful 9 design & execution ?an mo/ works ( a contempor>y era :i* are weld$ to a /one fabric ^: con/ructive & decorative details are ( q a di/9ctly diff]5t species4 ,9 o!r words1 x composes & adds a graceful beauty to ! brick fabric ( ?is great *ur*2 b likely en\gh x w\ld (f5d exce$+ly 7 x br\ght into juxtaposition ) ! m slim l9es ( e>ly ,go?ic4 ,its detail "h is ! v culm9ation ( ! height to :i* ,go?ic rose be=e its f9al debasem5t1 &1 9 its spirit$ non-contemporane\s admixture ) ! firmly plant$ brick walls :i* =m its backgr\nd1 may be reckon$ z a b>oque 9 art r ?an z a ?+ outr or misplac$4 ,9 fur!r explanation ( ! peculi> =tress-l qualities possess$ by ,/e4 ,ccile1 x may be m5tion$ "h t x 0 ! outcome ( a desire = ! safety ( ! *ur* & its adh]5ts :i* caus$ x to take ?is =m4 ,x 0 ! direct result ( ! t]rible w>s ( ! ,albig5ses1 & ! political & social conditions ( ! age 9 :i* x 0 built1--! days :5 ! ,*ur* 0 truly militant4 ,"h1 too1 to a m impressive ext5t ?an else:]e1 if we except ! papal palace at ,avignon1 ! episcopal resid5ce z well takes on an aspect :i* is n f> diff]5t f t possess$ by "s ( ! secul> *teaux ( feudal times4 ,x closely adjo9s ! ca!dral1 :i* %\ld p]haps dispute ?is4 ,9 reality1 h[ev]1 x does n1 & its walls & f\ndations look f> m worldly ?an !y d dev\t4 ,z to impressiv5ess1 ?is /ronghold ( a bi%op's palace is ?or\ghly 9 keep+ ) ! ca!dral itself1 & ! fr[n+ battlem5t ( its v]itable donjon & walls & ramp>ts sugge/s a deal m ?an ! m]e "n by :i* x is kn[n w\ld ju/ify4 ,su* use z x 0 previ\sly put to 0 well s]v$1 & ! hi/ory ( ! tr\bl\s times ( ! m$ival ages1 :5 ! w>s ( ! ,prote/ants1 ! curs$ ,albig5ses1 & ! natural political & social diss5sions1 =m a *apt] ar\nd :i* "o c\ld weave mu* ( ! hi/ory ( ?is maje/ic ca!dral & its wall$ & =tifi$ environm5t4 ,! int]ior ( ! ca!dral w appeal fir/ ( all by its v gr& proportions1 & next by ! curi\s ill-mann]$ decorations ) :i* ! walls are entirely cov]$4 ,!re is a c]ta9 gloom 9 ?is int]ior1 induc$ by ! fact t ! w9d[s are m]e elongat$ slits 9 ! walls4 ,!re are no aisles1 no tri=ium1 & no cl]e/ory2 no?+ b a va/ expanse ( wall ) biz>re decorations & ^! unusual w9d[ pi]c+s4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! op5+s 9 ! t[] are ev5 m rem>kable--:at !re are ( !m1 = 9 tru? x is "h t ! greate/ lik5ess to a =tification is se54 ,9 ! l[] /ages ( ! t[] !re are no op5+s :atev]1 :ile above !y are practically no?+ b loopholes4 ,! f9e *oir-scre51 9 /one1 is consid]$ "o ( ! mo/ beautiful & magnific5t 9 ,france1 & to see x is to believe ! /atem5t4 ,! entire clture ( ! *oir is a wond]ful piece ( /onework1 & ! hundr$ & tw5ty /alls1 :i* are )9 its walls1 =m ( !mselves an excess ( elaboration :i* p]haps 9 a m g>i% light w\ld be oppressive4 ,! wall-pa9t+s or frescoes are decid$ly n beautiful1 be+ = ! mo/ "p crudely col\r$ geometrical designs scatt]$ ab\t ) no relation "o to ano!r4 ,!y date f ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies1 & are d\btless ,italian z to _! workman%ip1 b !y betray no great skill on ! "p ( ^? unkn[ns :o are responsible = !m4 ,! pulpit is an unusually ornate "w = a ,fr5* *ur*1 b is h>dly beautiful z a "w ( art4 ,no m is ! organ-case1 :i*1 z if 9 keep+ ) ! va/ int]ior1 spreads itself ov] a great ext5t ( wall space4 ,tak5 all 9 all1 ! accessories ( ! ca!dral at ,albi1 none ! less ?an ! unique plan & execution !re(1 ! s\? por*1 ! massive t[]1 ! jube & clture ( ! *oir1 ! va/ unob/ruct$ int]ior1 & ! outr wall decorations1 place x z "o ( ! mo/ consi/5tly & ?or\ghly complet$ edifices ( its rank 9 ,france4 ,no?+ app>5tly is want+1 & ?\gh possess$ ( no great weal? ( accessory--if "o excepts ! *oir enclosure alone--x is "o ( ^? %r9es :i*1 by reason ( its v individuality1 w live long 9 ! memory4 ,x has be5 said1 moreov]1 to /& alone z to ! ext5sive & complete exemplification ( l'art decoratif 9 ,france2 t is1 z be+ di/9ctively ,fr5* ?r\gh\t4 ,! evolution ( ^! compon5t elem5ts took b ! comp>atively small space ( "t cov]$ by two c5turies--f ! f\rte5? to ! sixte5?4 ,! culm9ation result$ 9 :at is /ill to be se5 9 all its pri/9e glory to-day1 = ,/e4 ,ccile has n suff]$ ! depr$ation ( _m ano!r %r9e4 ,! g5]al plan is di/9ctly & indig5\sly ,fr5*2 ,fr5* to ! v core--born ( ! soil ( ! ,midi1 & be>s no resemblance :atev] to any exotic f ano!r l&4 ,) ! decorative elem5ts ! case may be some:at qualifi$4 ,! baldaqu9--l ! *oir-scre5--m ?an equals 9 delicacy & grace ! portals ( su* ma/]works z ,notre ,dame de ,r\51 ,/4 ,macl\1 or ev5 ! ca!dral at ,troyes1 ?\gh ( less magnitude ?an any ( ^! examples4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x 0 und\bt$ly inspir$ by nor!rn precept1 z also 7 ! ornam5tal sculptures 9 wood & /one :i* are to be se5 9 ! int]ior4 ,albi 0 a bi%opric z e>ly z ! f\r? c5tury1 ) ,/4 ,clair z its fir/ bi%op4 ,at ! "t ! pres5t ca!dral 0 begun x became an ar*bi%opric1 & z su* x has endur$ until to-day1 ) suffragans at ,rodez1 ,cahors1 ,m5de1 & ,p]pignan4 ,,xxi ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,,de ,,m5de ,9 ! he>t ( ! ,gvaudan1 ,m5de is ! mo/ picturesque1 m\nta9-lock$ little city imag9able1 ) no v rem>kable features surr\nd+ x1 nor any v gr& artificial ones conta9$ )9 x4 ,! m\nta9s "h1 unlike ! m fruitful pla9s ( ! l[] ,gvaudan1 are cov]$ ) sn[ all ( ! w9t]4 ,x is said t ! inhabitants ( ! m\nta9\s upp] ,gvaudan us$ to g into ,spa9 e w9t] to get a livelihood4 ,:y1 x is difficult to und]/&4 ,! m\nta9 & valley t[ns ar\nd ,m5de look no less prosp]\s ?an ^? ( ,switz]l&1 ?\gh to be sure ! inhabitants h nev] "h _h1 & p]haps nev] w h1 ! influx ( t\ri/s to live (f (1 z 9 ! latt] region4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,pi]re de ,,m5de ,dur+ an invasion ( ! ,alemanni into ,gaul1 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 ! pr9cipal city ( ,gvaudan 0 plund]$ & ru9$4 ,! bi%op1 ,/4 ,privat1 fl$ into ! ,cav]n ( ,memate or ,m5de1 :i!r ! ,g]mans foll[$ & kill$ him4 ,! holy man 0 int]r$ 9 ! neighb\r+ village ( ,m5de1 & ! v5]ation :i* p _h = 8 memory caus$ !m to develop x into a consid]able place4 ,su* is ! popul> leg5d1 at any rate4 ,! city _h no bi%op ( its own1 h[ev]1 until ! middle ( ! t5? c5tury4 ,previ\sly ! bi%ops 7 kn[n z ,bi%ops ( ,gvaudan4 ,at la/1 h[ev]1 ! prelates fix$ _! seat at ,m5de1 & great numb]s ( p resort$ ?i!r by reason ( ! sepul*re ( ,/4 ,privat4 ,by virtue ( an agreem5t ) ,philippe-le-,bel1 9 #acjf1 ! bi%op became ,c\nt ( ,gvaudan4 ,he claim$ also ! "r ( adm9i/]+ ! laws & ! co9+ ( specie4 ,m5de is wor? visit+ = itself alone & = its ca!dral4 ,x is difficult to say :i* w int]e/ ! absolute /rang] ! m4 ,! spir$ ,/4 ,pi]re de ,m5de is b a f\rte5?-c5tury *ur*1 ) re/orations ( ! sev5te5?1 b !re is a c]ta9 grimness & primitiv5ess ab\t its fabric :i* w\ld o!rwise seem to place x z ( a mu* e>li] date4 ,! sev5te5?-c5tury re/orations am\nt$ practically to a recon/ruction1 z ! ,calv9i/s _h p>tly de/roy$ ! fabric4 ,! two f9e t[]s ( ! c5tury be=e 7 left /&+1 b )\t _! spires4 ,! city itself lies at a height ( ov] sev5 hundr$ kilometres1 & ! pic rises ano!r ?ree hundr$ kilometres above4 ,! surr\nd+ gre5 bas9 ( hillsides encloses ! city 9 a circul> depression1 :i*1 ) its ca!dral z ! hub1 radiates 9 long1 /raight roadways to ! bases ( ^! v]dure-clad hills4 ,x is n possible to h a g5]al view ( ! ca!dral )\t its impos+ backgr\nd ( m\nta9 or hilltops1 & = ?is reason1 :ile ! entire city may appe> dw>f$1 & its ca!dral likewise dim9i%$ 9 size1 !y bo? %[ 9 reality ! /rong contra/+ effect ( nature & art4 ,! ca!dral t[]s1 built by ,bi%op de la ,rovre1 are ( /urdy ?\gh n great proportions1 & ! half-sugge/$ spires rise skyw>d 9 z pi]c+ a mann] z if !y 7 cont9u$ ano!r hundr$ feet4 ,z a matt] ( fact "o rises to a height ( two hundr$ & ?ree feet1 & ! o!r to two hundr$ & sev5ty-six feet1 s at lea/1 !y are n dim9utive4 ,! tall] ( ^! pleas+ t[]s is really a rem>kable "w4 ,! g5]al plan ( ! ca!dral is ! conv5tional ,go?ic conception1 :i* 0 n *ang$ 9 ! sev5te5?-c5tury recon/ruction4 ,! nave is flank$ ) ! usual aisles1 :i* 9 turn are abutt$ ) t5 *apels on ei!r side4 ,j )9 ! left portal is pres]v$ ! old b\rdon call$ la ,non-,p>eille1 a curiosity :i* seems 9 que/ionable ta/e = inclusion )9 a ca!dral4 ,! rose w9d[ ( ! portal %[s 9 ! int]ior ) consid]able effect1 ?\gh x is ( n great elegance or magnific5ce ( itself4 ,9 ! ,*apelle des ,cate*ismes1 imm$iately b5ea? ! t[]1 is an unusual ,assumption4 ,z a "w ( art its rank is n high1 & its arti/ is unkn[n1 b 9 its conception x is unique & wond]ful4 ,!re are "s excell5t wood-c>v+s 9 ! ,*apelle du ,bapti/re1 a description :i* applies z well to ! /alls ( ! *oir4 ,ar\nd ! sanctu>y hang sev5 tape/ries1 anci5t1 x is said1 b ( no great beauty 9 !mselves4 ,9 a *apel on ! nor? side ( ! *oir is a miracul\s /atue ( la ,vi]ge ,noir4 ,! organ buffet dates f #afdj1 & is ( ! ridicul\s ov]p[]+ bulk ( mo/ works ( its class4 ,! bi%opric1 f\nd$ by ,/4 ,svre9 9 ! ?ird c5tury at ,civitas ,gabalorum1 0 re/abli%$ at ,m5de 9 ! ye> #ajjj4 ,! ,ermitage de ,/4 ,privat1 ! holy %r9e ( ! =m] habitation ( ! holy man ^: "n x be>s1 is situat$ a few kilometres away on ! side ( ,mont ,mimat4 ,x is a fav\rite place ( pilgrimage1 & f ! plat=m ( ! *apel is to be _h a f9e view ( ! city & its ca!dral4 ,,xxii ,,o!r ,,old-,,"t ,,ca!drals ,,9 ,,& ,,ab\t ,,! ,,bas9 ,,( ,,! ,,g>onne ,dax ,at ,dax1 an anci5t !rmal /ation ( ! ,romans1 is a small ca!dral1 ma9ly mod]n1 ) a portal ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,x 0 recon/ruct$ f ^! ?irte5?-c5tury rema9s 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & exhibits no m>ks ( beauty :i* w\ld h e/abli%$ its rank+ greatness ev5 at t "t4 ,dax 0 a bi%opric 9 ! prov9ce ( ,au* 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 b ! see 0 suppress$ 9 #ahjb4 ,eauze ,eauze 0 an ar*bi%opric 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 :5 ,/4 ,pat]ne 0 its fir/ dignit>y4 ,subsequ5tly--9 ! foll[+ c5tury--! ar*bi%opric 0 transf]r$ to ,au*4 ,z ,elusa x 0 an important place 9 ! "t ( ,cs>1 b 0 completely de/roy$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! t5? c5tury4 ,eauze1 !re=e1 has no *ur* edifice :i* ev] rank$ z a ca!dral1 b !re is a f9e ,go?ic *ur* ( ! late fifte5? c5tury :i* is1 9 e way1 an ar*itectural monum5t wor?y ( rem>k4 ,lombez ,! bi%opric ( ,lombez1 9 ! anci5t ecclesia/ical prov9ce ( ,t\l\se1 endur$ f #acbh 7a t5?-c5tury ,b5$ict9e abbey f\ndation74 ,its fir/ bi%op 0 "o ,rog] de ,comm+es1 a monk :o came f ! mona/ic community ( ,/4 ,b]tr& de ,comm+es4 ,! see 0 suppress$ 9 #agij4 ,/4 ,pap\l ,/4 ,pap\l 0 a bi%opric f #acag until #agij4 ,its ca!dral is 9 _m respects a really f9e "w4 ,x 0 an anci5t abbatial *ur* 9 ! ,romanesque /yle1 & has an attractive cloi/] built aft] ! same mann]4 ,rieux ,rieux is p]haps ! t9ie/ ville ( ,france :i* has ev] possess$ episcopal dignity4 ,x is situat$ on a m]e rivulet--a bran* ( ! ,arize1 :i* itself is n mu* m1 b :i* 9 turn goes to swell ! flood ( ,la ,g>onne4 ,its "o-"t ca!dral is p]haps n rem>kable 9 any way1 ?\gh x has a f9e fifte5?-c5tury t[] 9 brique4 ,! bi%opric 0 f\nd$ 9 #acgj "u ,guillaum de ,brutia1 & 0 suppress$ 9 #agij4 ,lavaur ,lavaur 0 a bi%opric1 9 ! ecclesia/ical prov9ce ( ,t\l\se1 f #acag to #agij4 ,its ca!dral ( brick is ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ) a clo*] dat+ f #aeae1 & a small] t[]1 embrac+ a jacquem>t1 ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! int]ior is a f9e sixte5?-c5tury pa9t+1 b !re are no o!r arti/ic treasures or details ( note4 ,oloron ,oloron 0 a bi%opric "u ,/4 ,gratus 9 ! six? c5tury2 x ceas$ its functions z ! head ( a diocese at ! suppression ( #agij4 ,! =m] ca!dral ( ,/e4 ,m>ie is a f9e ,romanic-,ogivale edifice ( ! elev5? c5tury1 ?\gh its con/ructive era may be said to ext5d well t[>d ! fifte5? be=e x rea*$ completion4 ,!re is a rem>kably beautiful ,romanesque sculptur$ portal4 ,! nave is d\bl$1 z to its aisles1 & is "o hundr$ & fifty feet or m 9 l5g? & "o hundr$ & six wide1 an a/oni%+ bread? :5 "o comes to ?9k ( x1 & a dim5sion :i* is n equall$ by any m9or ca!dral4 ,!re are no o!r notable features beyond ! g5]al attractiv5ess ( its *>m+ environm5t4 ,! anci5t v*e has a f9e ,romanesque t[]1 & ! ca!dral itself is reckon$1 by a pat]nal gov]nm5t1 z a monum5t hi/orique1 & z su* is c>$ = at public exp5se4 ,vabres ,vabres 0 a bi%opric :i* came into be+ z an aft]gr[? ( a ,b5$ict9e f\ndation ( ! n9? c5tury1 ?\gh its episcopal functions only began 9 #acah1 & ceas$ ) ! ,revolution>y suppression4 ,x 0 a suffragan 9 ! ar*iepiscopal diocese ( ,albi4 ,its =m] ca!dral1 :ile little to be rem>k$ to-day z a really gr& *ur* edifice1 0 by no means an unwor?y fane4 ,x dates f ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & 9 "p is ?or\ghly repres5tative ( ! ,go?ic ( t era4 ,x 0 rebuilt 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 & a f9e clo*] add$4 ,/4 ,lizi] or ,c\s]ans ,! pres5t-day ,/4 ,lizi]--a t9y ,pyr5ean city--0 ! =m] ,gallo-,roma9 city ( ,c\s]ans4 ,x reta9$ ?is "n :5 x 0 fir/ made a bi%opric by ,/4 ,valre 9 ! fif? c5tury4 ,! see 0 suppress$ 9 #agij4 ,! glise de ,/4 ,lizi]1 ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies1 consi/s ( a *oir & a nave1 b no aisles4 ,x %[s "s traces ( f9e ,roman sculpture1 & a m]e sugge/ion ( a cloi/]4 ,! =m] bi%op's palace dates only f ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,s>lat ,a ,b5$ict9e abbey 0 f\nd$ "h 9 ! eigh? c5tury1 & f ?is grew up ! bi%opric :i* took =m 9 #acag "u ,raimond de ,roquec>ne1 :i* 9 due c\rse 0 f9ally aboli%$ & ! t[n /ripp$ ( its episcopal rank4 ,! =m] ca!dral dates f ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies1 & 9 "p f ! fifte5?4 ,connect$ !re) is a sepul*ral *apel1 call$ ! t\r des ,maures4 ,x is ( two tages1 & dates f ! twelf? c5tury4 ,/4 ,pons de ,tomi]s ,/4 ,pons is ! seat ( an anci5t bi%opric n[ suppress$4 ,x is a *>m+ village--x c h>dly be nam$ m ambiti\sly--situat$ at ! s\rce ( ! riv] ,jaur1 :i* rises 9 ! ,montagnes ,noir 9 ,l[] ,langu$oc4 ,its =m] ca!dral is n ( great int]e/ z an ar*itectural type1 ?\gh x dates f ! twelf? c5tury4 ,! faade is ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 b "o ( its side *apels dates f ! f\rte5?4 ,/4 ,maurice de ,mirepoix ,mirepoix is a *>m+ little city ( ! slopes ( ! ,pyr5ees4 ,its anci5t ca!dral ( ,/4 ,maurice dates f ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies1 & has no v spl5did features or appo9tm5ts1--n ev5 ( ! ,r5aissance ord]1--z might be expect$ f its magnitude4 ,its sole possession ( note is ! clo*]1 :i* rises to an approximate height ( two hundr$ feet4 ,! bi%opric 0 f\nd$ 9 #acah by ,raimond ,a?one1 b 0 suppress$ 9 #agij4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,end4 ,app5dices ,i ,illu/ration3 ,sket* map %[+ ! usual geographical divisions ( ,france4 ,i41 nor?2 ,,ii41 nor?we/2 ,,iii41 ea/2 ,,iv41 s\?we/2 ,v41 s\!a/3 also ! pres5t dep>tm5ts into :i* ! gov]nm5t is divid$1 ) _! names2 & ! m$ival prov9ces :i* 7 gradually absorb$ into ! k+dom ( ,france4 ,!re is 9 g5]al "o bi%opric to a dep>tm5t4 ,! subject-matt] ( ?is book treats ( all ( s\?we/]n & s\!a/]n ,france2 )1 9 addition1 ! dep>tm5ts ( ,sane-et-,loire1 ,jura1 ,rhne1 ,loire1 ,a91 & ,alli]4 ,,ii ,a ,hi/orical ,table ( ! ,dioceses ( ! ,s\? ( ,france up to ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,prov9ce d',aix ,"n ,diocese f\nd$ ,fir/ bi%op ,date ( suppression ,aix ,nice1 ,avignon1 ,ajaccio1 & ,digne 7 alli$ !re) 9 #ahjb1 & ,m>seilles & ,alg] 9 #ahbb4 7,ar*bi%opric7 ,fir/ c5tury 787 ,/4 ,maxim 787 ,antibes ,transf]r$ to ,grasse ,apt ,fir/ c5tury 787 ,/4 ,auspice #agij ,grasse 7,jurisdiction ov] ,antibes47 ,gap ,fif? c5tury ,/4 ,dmtrius ,riez ,fif? c5tury ,/4 ,prosp] #agij ,frjus ,f\r? c5tury ,acceptus ,si/]on ,fif? c5tury ,*rysaphius ,prov9ce d',albi ,albi ,f\r? c5tury ,/4 ,clair ,bi%opric 7,ar*bi%opric7 #acag 787 ,an?ime ,ca/res #fdg z a ,b5$ict9e ,rob]t1 ! fir/ #agij ,abbey4 ,abbot #acag z a ,bi%opric ,m5de ,?ird c5tury at ,/4 ,svre9 ,civitas ,gabalorum4 & ,g5ialis ,re/abli%$ "h 9 ! ye> #ajjj ,cahors ,f\r? c5tury ,/4 ,g5ulphe ,rodez ,fif? c5tury ,/4 ,am& ,arisitum ,six? c5tury deta*$ ,do?aire ,rejo9$ f ! diocese ( to ,rodez ,rodez #fgj ,vabres ,b5$ict9e #agij ,abbey1 #hfb4 ,bi%opric1 #acag ,prov9ce d',arles ,arles ,fir/ c5tury ,/4 ,trophime #agij 7,ar*bi%opric7 ,m>seilles ,fir/ c5tury ,/4 ,laz>e ,/4 ,paul-,trois ,second c5tury ,/4 ,re/uit #agij ,*teaux1 or ,trica/9 ,t\lon ,fif? c5tury ,honor #agij ,orange ,fif? c5tury ,/4 ,luce #agij ,prov9ce d',au* ,eauze ,?ird c5tury ,/4 ,pat]ne #gbj 7,ar*bi%opric7 ,au* ,f\r? c5tury ,cit]ius 7,bi%opric !n ,ar*bi%opric7 ,dax ,?ird c5tury ,/4 ,v9c5t #ahjb ,lect\re ,six? c5tury ,heut]ius #agij ,comm+es ,six? c5tury ,suavis #agij ,cons]ans ,fif? c5tury ,/4 ,valre #agij ,aire ,fif? c5tury ,m>cel ,bazas ,six? c5tury ,sextilius 787 ,t>bes ,six? c5tury ,/4 ,ju/9 ,oloron ,six? c5tury ,gratus #agij ,lesc> ,fif? c5tury ,/4 ,juli5 #agij ,bayonne ,n9? c5tury ,arsias ,ro*a ,prov9ce d',avignon ,avignon ,f\r? c5tury ,/4 ,ruf 7,bi%opric1 becom+ ,ar*bi%opric 9 fifte5? c5tury7 ,c>p5tras ,?ird c5tury ,/4 ,val5t9 #agij ,vaison ,f\r? c5tury ,/4 ,aub9 #agij ,cavaillon ,fif? c5tury ,/4 ,g5ialis #agij ,prov9ce de ,bordeaux ,bordeaux 7,bi%opric7 ,?ird c5tury 7,ar*bi%opric7 ,f\r? c5tury ,ori5tal ,ag5 ,f\r? c5tury ,/4 ,phrade ,condom ,raimond de 7,anci5t ,gal>d abbey--f\ndation date unkn[n7 ,bi%opric7 ,f\rte5? c5tury ,ang\lme ,?ird c5tury ,/4 ,ansome ,sa9tes ,?ird c5tury ,/4 ,eutrope #agic ,poiti]s ,?ird c5tury ,/4 ,nectaire ,maillezais ,f\rte5? c5tury ,ge(frey ,i4 7aft]w>d at ,la ,ro*elle7 ,luon #acag ,pi]re de ,la 7,sev5?-c5tury ,veyrie abbey7 ,prigueux ,second c5tury ,/4 ,front ,s>lat #acag ,raimond de 7,eigh?-c5tury ,roquecorne ,b5$ict9e abbey7 ,prov9ce de ,b\rges ,b\rges ,?ird c5tury ,/4 ,urs9 7,ar*bi%opric7 ,cl]mont-,f]r& ,?ird c5tury ,/4 ,au/remo9e ,/4 ,fl\r #acah ,raimond de 7,anci5t priory7 ,veh5s ,limoges ,?ird c5tury ,/4 ,m>tial ,tulle #acag ,arnaud de 7,sev5?-c5tury ,sa9t-,a/i] ,b5$ict9e abbey7 ,le ,puy ,?ird c5tury ,/4 ,georges ,prov9ce d',embrun ,embrun 7,ar*bi%opric7 ,f\r? c5tury ,/4 ,m>cell9 #agic ,digne ,f\r? c5tury ,/4 ,domn9 ,antibes ,f\r? c5tury ,/4 ,arm5taire 7aft]w>d at ,grasse7 ,grasse ,raimond de #agij ,vill5euve 7#abde7 ,v5ce ,f\r? c5tury ,eusbe #agij ,gl&ve ,fif? c5tury ,frat]ne #agij ,s5ez ,fif? c5tury ,ursus #agij ,nice ,f\r? c5tury ,amantius 7=m]ly at ,cem5elium7 ,prov9ce de ,lyon ,lyon ,! ,ar*bi%op ( ,lyon 0 ,primate ( ,gaul4 7,ar*bi%opric7 ,second c5tury ,/4 ,po?9 ,autun ,?ird c5tury ,/4 ,amateur ,mcon ,six? c5tury ,placide #agij ,*alon-sur-,sane ,fif? c5tury ,paul #agij ,langres ,?ird c5tury ,/4 ,j ,dijon ,bi%opric 9 #agca ,jean ,bonhi] 7,f\r?-c5tury abbey7 ,sa9t ,claude ,bi%opric 9 #agdb ,joseph de 7,fif?-c5tury ,madet abbey7 ,prov9ce de ,n>bonne ,n>bonne ,?ird c5tury ,/4 ,paul #ahjb 7,ar*bi%opric7 ,sa9t-,pons-de- #acah ,pi]re ,rog] #agij ,tomires7,t5?- c5tury abbey7 ,alet #acah ,b>?lmy #agij 7,n9?-c5tury abbey7 ,bzi]s ,f\r? c5tury ,/4 ,aphrodise #agjb ,nmes ,f\r? c5tury ,/4 ,felix ,alais #afid ,*evali] de #agij ,saulx ,lodve ,f\r? c5tury 787 ,/4 ,fl\r #agij ,uzs ,fif? c5tury ,con/ance #agij ,agde ,fif? c5tury ,/4 ,vnu/e #agij ,maguelonne ,six? c5tury ,beotius 7aft]w>d at ,montpelli]7 ,c>cassonne ,six? c5tury ,/4 ,hilaire ,elne ,six? c5tury ,domnus 7aft]w>d at ,p]pignan7 ,prov9ce de ,t>5taise ,t>5taise ,fif? c5tury ,/4 ,jacques 7,ar*bi%opric7 ,sion ,f\r? c5tury ,/4 ,?odule ,ao/e ,f\r? c5tury ,/4 ,eu/a*e ,*ambry #aghj ,mi*el ,conseil ,prov9ce de ,t\l\se ,t\l\se 7,bi%opric7 ,?ird c5tury ,/4 ,saturn9 7,ar*bi%opric7 #acbg ,pami]s #abig ,b]n>d ,saisset 7,elev5?-c5tury abbey7 ,rieux #acag ,guillaume de ,brutia ,montauban #acag ,b]tr& du ,puy 7,anci5t abbey7 ,mirepoix #acah ,raimond #agij ,a?one ,sa9t-,pap\l #acag ,b]n>d de la #agij ,t\r ,lombs #acbh ,rog] de #agij 7,t5?-c5tury ,commm+es abbey7 ,lavaur #acag ,rog] d',armagnac #agij ,prov9ce de ,vi5ne ,vi5ne ,second c5tury ,/4 ,cresc5t #agij 7,ar*bi%opric7 ,gr5oble ,?ird c5tury ,domn9us ,g5ve 7,switz47 ,f\r? c5tury ,diogne #ahja ,ann5cy #ahbb ,claude de ,?iollaz ,val5ce ,f\r? c5tury ,emeli5 ,di ,?ird c5tury ,sa9t ,m>s ,vivi]s ,fif? c5tury ,sa9t ,janvi] #agij ,/4 ,jean de ,fif? c5tury ,luci5 ,mauri5ne ,,iii ,! ,classification ( ,ar*itectural ,/yles 9 ,france accord+ to ,de ,caumont's ,abcdaire d',ar*itecture ,religieuse4 ,ar*itecture ,primordiale ,f ! ,v? to ! ,x? c5turies4 ,roma9e ,secondaire ,f ! end ( ! ,x? c5tury to ! beg9n+ ( ! ,x,i,ith ,t]tiaire or transition ,x,i,ith c5tury ,ar*itecture ,primitive ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,ogivale ,secondaire ,x,i,vth c5tury ,t]tiaire ,x,vth & ! fir/ "p ( ! ,x,v,ith c5tury ,illu/ration ,,iv ,a ,*ronology ( ,ar*itectural ,/yles 9 ,france ,foll[+ m or less ^u ! l9es ( ,de ,caumont's t]ritorial & *ronological divisions ( ar*itectural /yle 9 ,france1 ! v>i\s species & p]iods are ?us fur!r describ$ & def9$3 ,! ,m]ov+ian p]iod1 comm5c+ ab\t #dhj2 ,c>lov+ian1 #gea2 ,romanesque or ,capetian p]iod1 #ihg2 ,transitional1 #aajj 7ext5d+ 9 ! s\? ( ,france & on ! ,rh9e till #acjj72 e>ly ,fr5* ,go?ic or ,po9t$ 7,go?ique lancettes71 mid-twelf? to mid-?irte5? c5turies2 decorat$ ,fr5* ,go?ic 7,go?ique rayonnant71 f ! mid-?irte5? to mid-fifte5? c5turies1 & ev5 9 "s di/ricts z late z ! la/ decade ( ! fifte5? c5tury2 ,flamboyant 7,go?ique flamboyant71 e>ly fifte5? to e>ly sixte5?2 ,r5aissance1 dat+ at lea/ f #adie1 :i* gave rise subsequ5tly to ! /yle ,l\is ,,xii4 & /yle ,franois ,i4 ,) ! reign ( ,h5ri ,,ii41 ! *ange to ! ,italian /yle 0 complete1 & its place1 su* z x 01 def9itely assur$4 ,fr5* writ]s1 x may be obs]v$1 at lea/ ^? ( a =m] g5]ation & be=e1 (t5 c>ry ! ref]5ce to ! /yle de la ,r5aissance to a mu* lat] p]iod1 ev5 includ+ ! neo-classical atrocities ( ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies4 ,biz>re or b>oque details1 or ! /yle p]ruque1 _h little place on ,fr5* soil1 & ! lat] exagg]ations ( ! rococo1 ! /yles ,pompad\r & ,dub>ri1 _h little if any?+ to d ) *ur*-build+1 & are relevant m]ely insomu* z !y indicate ! mann]isms ( a p]iod :5 great *ur*es1 if !y 7 built at all1 7 con/ruct$ ) some:at ( a lean+ t[>d _! bas5ess1 if n actually fav\r+ _! ecc5tricities4 ,v ,illu/ration3 ,neo-,basilica-,,ix ,c5t4 ,lomb>d ,cruci=m ,,xi ,c5tury ,! ,romanesque ,( ,s\!rn ,france 9 ! ,,xi ,c5tury ,norman ,cruci=m ,plan ,,xi ,c5tury ,lead+ =ms ( e>ly ca!dral con/ructions ,,vi ,! disposition ( ! p>ts ( a t5?-c5tury *ur*1 z def9$ by ,viollet-le-,duc ,( ?is class are _m mona/ic *ur*es1 z w be ev9c$ by ! inclusion ( a cloi/] 9 ! diagram plan4 ,_m ( ^! 7 subsequ5tly made use (1 z ! *ur* & ! cloi/]s1 :]e !y _h n suff]$ ! /ress ( "t1 7 ( c\rse reta9$4 ,/4 ,b]tr& de ,comm+es is a notable example among ! small] /ructures4 ,9 ! basilica =m ( gr\nd-plan1 :i* obta9$ to a modifi$ ext5t1 ! transepts 7 (t5 lack+1 or at lea/ only sugge/$4 ,subsequ5tly !y 7 add$ 9 _m cases1 b ! t5?-c5tury *ur* pur sang 0 ma9ly a p>allelogram-l /ructure1 )1 ( c\rse1 an apsidal t]m9ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,x ,c5tury ,*ur* ,a ,! *oir ,b ,! ex$ra1 mean+ lit]ally a ni*e or ?rone--9 ?is in/ance = ! occupancy ( ! bi%op1 abbot1 or prior--ap>t f ! ma9 edifice ,c ,! high-alt> ,d ,second>y or specially d$icat$ alt>s ,e ,! transepts1 :i* 9 lat] c5turies exp&$ & l5g!n$ ,g ,! nave prop]1 d[n :i* 0 res]v$ a free passage sep>at+ ! m5 f ! wom5 ,h ,! aisles ,i ,! portico or por* :i* prec$es ! nave 7i4 e41 ! n>!n ( ! primitive basilica71 :]e ! pilgrims :o 7 tempor>ily =bidd5 to ent] 7 all[$ to wait ,k ,a sep>ate portal or doorway to cloi/]s ,l ,! cloi/] ,m ,! t[]s2 (t5 plac$ at ! junction ( transept & nave1 in/ead ( ! lat] position1 flank+ ! we/ faade ,n ,! baptismal font2 usually 9 ! c5tral nave1 b (t5 9 ! aisle ,o ,entrance to ! crypt or confessional1 :]e 7 usually pres]v$ ! reliques ( ! sa9t to :om ! *ur* 0 erect$ ,p ,! tribune1 9 a lat] day (t5 surr\nd$ by a scre5 or jub ,,vii ,a brief def9itive gazette] ( ! natural & geological divisions includ$ 9 ! anci5t prov9ces & pres5t-day dep>tm5ts ( s\!rn ,france1 toge!r ) ! local names by :i* ! pays et pagi are commonly kn[n ,gvaudan ,9 ! ,cev5nes1 a region ( =e/s & m\nta9s ,velay ,a region ( plateaux ) visible lava tracks ,lyonnais-,beaujolais ,! m\nta9 ranges :i* rise to ! we/w>d ( ,lyons ,morvan ,an isolat$ gr\p ( porphyr\s & granite elevations ,haute-,auv]gne ,! m\nta9 range ( ,cantal ,basse-,auv]gne ,! m\nta9 *a9s ( ,mont ,dore & des ,dmes ,lim\s9 ,a l& ( plateaux1 rav9es1 & granite ,ag5ais ,rocky & m\nta9\s1 b ) its valleys among ! ri*e/ 9 all ,france ,haut-,qu]cy ,a roll+ pla91 b ) little f]tility ,bas-,qu]cy ,! pla9s ( ! ,g>onne1 ! ,t>n1 & ! ,avyron ,armagnac ,an ext5sive range ( petites montagnes runn+ 9 v>i\s directions ,l&es ,a des]t ( s&1 =e/s1 & inlets ( ! sea ,barn ,a c\ntry furr[$ by ! ramifications ( ! range ( ! ,pyr5ees ,basse-,nav>re ,a ,basque c\ntry situat$ on ! nor!rn slope ( ! ,pyr5ees ,bigorre ,! pla9 ( ,tortes & its neighb\r+ valleys ,savoie ,a region compris+ a great numb] ( valleys made by ! ramify+ ranges ( ! ,alps4 ,! pr9cipal valleys be+ ^? ( ,faucigny1 ! ,t>5taise1 & ! ,mauri5ne ,b\rbonnais ,a c\ntry ( hills & valleys :i*1 z to g5]al limits1 corresponds ) ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,alli] ,niv]nais ,an undulat+ region betwe5 ! ,loire & ! ,morvan ,b]ry ,a f]tile pla91 slightly elevat$1 to ! nor?w>d ( ,lim\s9 ,sologne ,an arid pla9 sep>at$ by ! valleys ( ! ,*] & ! ,indre ,gat9ais ,a b>r5 c\ntry nor!a/ ( ,sologne ,sa9tonge ,slightly m\nta9\s & cov]$ ) v9ey>ds--also 9 p>ts p>tak+ ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,l&es ,ang\mois ,a hilly c\ntry cov]$ ) a gr[? ( v9es ,prigord ,an ensemble ( div]se regions1 (t5 hilly1 b cov]$ ) a luxuriant =e/ gr[? ,bordelais 7,compris+ ,blayais1 ,fronsadais1 ,lib\rnais1 ,entre-deux-m]s1 ,mdoc1 & ,bazadais47 ,! v9e-l&s ( ! ,g>onne1 ,la ,gironde1 & ,la ,dordogne ,dauph9 ,ano!r l& ( m\nta9s & valleys4 ,x is cross$ by numb]s ( ranges & di/9ct peaks4 ,! pr9cipal subdivisions are ,vi5nois1 ,royonnais ,v]cors1 ,trives1 ,dvoluy1 ,oisons1 ,graisivaudan1 ,*>treuse1 ,queyras ,valgodem>1 ,*ampsaur4 ,prov5ce ,a region ( f]tile pla9s dom9at$ by volcanic rocks & m\nta9s4 ,x conta9s also ! great pebbly pla9 9 ! extreme s\?we/ kn[n z ! ,crau ,cam>gue ,! region ( ! ,rhne delta ,langu$oc ,prop]ly ! belt ( pla9s situat$ betwe5 ! foot ( ! ,cev5nes & ! bord]s ( ! ,m$it]ranean ,r\sillon ,! region betwe5 ! peaks ( ! ,corbire & ! ,albre m\nta9 *a94 ,! population 0 orig9ally pure ,catalan ,lauragais ,a /ony plateau ) r$ e>? deposit$ 9 =m] times by ! glaci]s ( ! ,pyr5ees ,albigeois ,a roll+ & f]tile c\ntry ,t\l\sa9 ,a pla9 well wat]$ by ! ,g>onne & ! ,arige ,comm+es ,! l(ty ,pyr5ean valleys ( ! ,g>onne bas9 ,,viii ,illu/ration3 ,sket* map ( ! bi%oprics & ar*bi%oprics ( ! s\? ( ,france at ! pres5t day ,,ix ,dim5sions & ,*ronology ,,ca!drale ,d',,agde ,bi%opric f\nd$1 ,v? c5tury ,bi%opric suppress$1 #agij ,primitive *ur* consecrat$1 ,v,i,ith c5tury ,ma9 body ( pres5t ca!dral1 ,x,ith to ,x,i,ith c5turies ,,/4 ,,caprias ,d',,ag5 ,illu/ration ,=m] ca!dral ( ,/4 ,eti5ne1 de/roy$ at ! ,revolution1 #agij ,apse & transepts ( ,/4 ,caprias1 ,x,ith c5tury ,wid? ( nave1 #ee feet ,,/4 ,,jean ,,bapti/e ,d',,aire ,ca!dral begun1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,,/4 ,,saveur ,d',,aix ,illu/ration ,eglise ,/4 ,jean de ,malte1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,rema9s ( a =m] ,/4 ,saveur's1 ,x,ith c5tury ,*oir1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,*oir elaborat$1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,s\? aisle ( nave1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,t[]1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,c>v$ doors1 #aejc ,episcopal palace1 #aeab ,nor? aisle ( nave1 ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ,bapti/re1 ,v,ith c5tury ,,/4 ,,jean ,d',,alais ,a bi%opric only f #afid to #agij ,rema9s ( a ,x,i,ith c5tury *ur* ,,/e4 ,,cecile ,d',,albi ,illu/ration ,begun1 #abgg ,f9i%$1 #aeab ,s\? por*1 #achj-adjj ,t[] complet$1 #adge ,*oir-scre51 #adge-aeab ,wall pa9t+s1 ,x,vth to ,x,v,ith c5turies ,organ1 ,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury ,*oir /alls1 #abj 9 numb] ,height ( t[]1 #bef feet ,l5g?1 #cjj 7#cbj87 feet ,wid? ( nave1 #hh feet ,height ( nave1 #ih feet ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,d',,alet ,primitive ca!dral1 ,i,xth c5tury 787 ,rebuilt1 ,x,ith c5tury ,eglise ,/4 ,&r1 ,x,i,vth to ,x,vth c5turies ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,d',,ang\leme ,illu/ration ,city ravag$ by ,coligny1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,ca!dral rebuilt f f\ndations ( primitive *ur*1 #aabj ,we/]n dome1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,c5tral & o!r domes1 latt] "p ( ,x,i,ith c5tury ,episcopal palace re/or$1 ,x,i,xth c5tury ,g5]al re/oration ( ca!dral1 aft] ! depr$ations ( ,coligny1 #afbh ,height ( t[]1 #aig feet ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,d',,annecy ,*ri/ianity fir/ f\nd$ "h1 ,i,vth c5tury ,ca!dral dates f ,x,i,vth c5tury ,tomb ( ,/4 ,franois de ,sales1 #afbb ,tomb ( ,jeanne de ,*antal1 #afda ,episcopal palace1 #aghd ,,/4 ,,ca/or ,d',,apt ,gallo-,roma9 s>cophagus1 ,v? c5tury ,tomb ( ,ducs de ,sabron1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,*apelle de ,/e4 ,anne1 ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ,,/4 ,,trophime ,d',,arles ,illu/ration ,primitive *ur* on same site1 #fjf ,f\ndations ( pres5t ca!dral laid1 #aaeb ,nave complet$1 #abjj ,*oir & *apels1 #adbc-adcj ,cloi/]s1 ea/ side1 #abba ,cloi/]s1 we/ side1 #abej ,cloi/]s1 nor? side1 #achj ,l5g?1 #bdj feet ,wid?1 #ij feet ,height1 #fj feet ,height ( clo*]1 #acg feet ,,/e4 ,,m>ie ,d',,au* ,anci5t alt>1 ,i,vth c5tury ,fir/ ca!dral built by ,taur9 ,,ii41 #hde ,ano!r 7l>g]7 by ,/4 ,au/9de1 #ajdh ,pres5t ca!dral consecrat$1 #aedh ,additions made & col\r$ glass add$1 #aeig ,we/ front1 9 "p1 ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ,t[]s1 #afej-agjj ,episcopal palace1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,l5g?1 #cdg feet ,height to vault+1 #gd feet ,,notre ,,dame ,,des ,,doms ,d',,avignon ,illu/ration ,t]ritory ( ,avignon acquir$ by ! ,popes f ,joanna ( ,naples1 #acjj ,popes reign$ at ,avignon1 #acje-acgj ,avignon =mally c$$ to ,france by ,treaty ( ,tol5t9o1 #agig ,palais des ,papes begun1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,pope ,gregory left ,avignon = ,rome1 #acgf ,ca!dral dates *iefly f ,x,i,ith c5tury ,nave *apels1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,frescoes 9 portal1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,height ( walls ( papal palace1 #ij feet t[] #aej feet ,l5g? ( ca!dral1 #bjj 787 feet ,wid? ( ca!dral1 #ej 787 feet ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,bayonne ,f\ndations1 #aadj ,*oir & apse1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,de/roy$ by fire1 #abac ,*oir rebuilt1 #abae ,complet$ & re/or$1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,,/4 ,,jean ,,de ,,bazas ,f\ndations date f ,x? c5tury ,walls1 etc41 #abcc ,we/ front1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,,ca!drale ,,de ,,belley ,go?ic portion ( ca!dral1 ,x,vth c5tury ,,/4 ,,nazaire ,,de ,,bezi]s ,primitive *ur* damag$ by fire1 #abji ,transepts1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,t[]s1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,apside & nave1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,glass & grilles1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,cloi/]1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,height ( clo*]1 #aea feet ,,/4 ,,&re ,,de ,,bordeaux ,?ree ca!dral *ur*es "h be=e ! ,x,ith c5tury ,romanesque /ructure1 ,x,ith c5tury ,pres5t ca!dral dates f #abeb ,nor? transept portal1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,noailles monum5t1 #affb ,l5g?1 #dej feet ,wid? ( nave1 #fe feet ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,b\rg ,ma9 body dates f ,x,vth to ,x,v,i,ith c5turies ,*oir & apse1 ,x,vth to ,x,v,ith c5turies ,*oir /alls1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,,/4 ,,eti5ne ,,de ,,cahors ,illu/ration ,bi%opric f\nd$1 ,i,vth c5tury ,ca!dral consecrat$1 #aaai ,cupola decorations1 #abhj-acbd ,*oir *apels1 ,x,vth c5tury ,*oir1 #abhe ,tomb ( ,bi%op ,solm9iac1 ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ,*oir pa9t+s1 #acae ,cloi/]1 ,x,i,ith to ,x,vth c5tury ,cupolas ( nave1 #ej feet 9 diamet] ,cupolas ( *oir1 #di feet 9 height ,height f pavem5t to cupolas ( *oir1 #hb feet ,height f pavem5t to cupolas ( nave1 #aie feet ,portal & we/]n t[]s1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,,/4 ,,nazaire ,,de ,,c>cassonne ,pres5t-day ca!dral1 ,/4 ,mi*el1 9 l[] t[n1 #ajhc ,re/or$ by ,viollet-le-,duc1 #ahdi ,visigo? f\ndation walls ( old ,cit1 ,v? to ,v,i,i,ith c5turies ,cit besieg$ by ! ,black ,pr9ce1 #aecf ,*teau ( ,cit & po/]n gate1 ,x,ith & ,x,i,ith c5turies ,out] =tifications ) circul> t[]s ( ! "t ( ,/4 ,l\is1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,l5g? inside ! inn] walls1 #a_/d mile ,l5g? inside ! out] walls1 #a mile ,s>ac5s occupi$ ! ,cit1 #ghc ,r\t$ by ,pep9 le ,bref1 #gei ,visc\ntal dyna/y ( ,tr5cavels1 #ajij ,besieg$ by ,simon de ,mont=t1 #abaj ,romanesque nave ( ,/4 ,nazaire1 #ajif ,*oir & transepts1 ,x,i,i,ith & ,x,i,vth c5turies ,rema9s ( ,simon de ,mont=t buri$ "h 7s9ce remov$71 #abah ,tomb ( ,bi%op ,radulph1 #abff ,/atues 9 *oir1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,high-alt>1 #aebb ,crypt1 ,x,ith c5tury ,sacri/y1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,! ,pont ,vieux1 ,x,i,ith & ,x,i,i,ith c5turies ,,/4 ,,siffre9 ,,de ,,c>p5tras ,a ,roman colony "u ,augu/us1 ,i/ c5tury ,/4 ,siffre91 patron ( ! ca!dral1 di$1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,edifice ma9ly ( ! ,x,v,ith c5tury ,pa9t+s 9 nave1 ,x,v,i,i,ith & ,x,i,xth c5turies ,tomb ( ,bi%op ,buti1 #agaj ,episcopal palace built1 #afdj ,arc de ,triomphe1 ,i/ or ,i,id c5tury ,porte d',orange1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,,/4 ,,b5oit ,,de ,,ca/res ,ca!dral dates ma9ly f ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ,,/4 ,,v]an ,,de ,,cavaillon ,illu/ration ,ca!dral consecrat$ by ,/4 ,v]an1 9 p]son1 #abei ,tomb ( ,bi%op ,jean de ,sade1 ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ,,/4 ,,eti5ne ,,de ,,*alons-,,sur-,,saone ,ca!dral complet$1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,rebuilt1 aft] a disa/r\s fire1 ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ,rema9s ( e>ly nave1 dat+ f ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,bi%opric f\nd$1 ,v? c5tury ,height ( nave1 #ij feet ,l5g? ( nave1 #cej feet ,,ca!drale ,,de ,,*amb]y ,illu/ration ,fir/ bi%op1 ,mi*el ,conseil1 #aghj ,ma9 body ( ca!dral dates f ,x,i,vth c5tury ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,cl]mont-,,f]r& ,illu/ration ,*oir & nave1 #abdh-abfe ,urban ,,ii4 prea*$ ! ,crusades "h1 #ajie ,sanctu>y complet$1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,nave complet$1 except faade1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,rose w9d[s1 ,x,vth c5tury ,we/]n t[]s & portal1 ,x,i,xth c5tury ,height ( t[]s1 #cdj feet ,height ( nave1 #ajj feet ,,/4 ,,b]tr& ,,de ,,comm+es ,illu/ration ,fir/ mona/]y "h1 ,v,ith c5tury ,pres5t ca!dral ma9ly ,x,i,ith to ,x,i,vth c5turies ,fir/ bi%op1 ,suavis1 ,v,ith c5tury ,monum5t to ,bi%op ,hugh de ,ca/ellane1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,l5g?1 #baj feet 787 ,wid?1 #ee feet 787 ,,ca!drale ,,de ,,dax ,ma9 fabric1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,recon/ruct$1 ,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,die ,a bi%opric 9 #abhe1 & f #afgb until #ahja ,por*1 ,x,ith c5tury ,romanesque fragm5ts 9 ,porte ,r\ge1 ,x,ith c5tury ,re/or$ & rebuilt1 ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ,l5g? ( nave1 #bgj feet ,wid? ( nave1 #gf feet ,,ca!drale ,d',,eauze ,t[n de/roy$1 ,x? c5tury ,go?ic *ur* 7n1 h[ev]1 ! =m] ca!dral71 ,x,vth c5tury ,,/e4 ,,eulalie ,d',,elne ,ca!dral rebuilt f a =m] /ructure1 ,x,vth c5tury ,cloi/]1 ,x,vth c5tury ,,notre ,,dame ,d',,embrun ,nor? por* & p]i/yle1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,romanesque t[] rebuilt1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,! ,t\r ,brune ,x,ith c5tury ,high-alt>1 ,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury ,pa9t$ tripty*1 #aeah ,col\r$ glass1 ,x,vth c5tury ,organ & gall]y1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,gr5oble ,f\ndations ( *oir1 ,x,ith c5tury ,tab]nacle1 ,x,vth c5tury ,tomb ( ,abb ,*iss1 #adjg ,=m] episcopal palace1 ,x,ith c5tury ,pres5t episcopal palace1 on same site1 ,x,vth c5tury ,eglise ,/ ,&r1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,la ,gr&e ,*>treuse1 f\nd$ by ,/4 ,bruno1 #ajhd ,la ,gr&e ,*>treuse1 enl>g$1 ,x,v,ith to ,x,v,i,ith c5turies ,monks expell$1 #ahaf & #aijb ,,/4 ,,l\is ,,de ,,la ,,ro*elle ,city besieg$ unsuccessfully1 #aegc ,city besieg$ & fell1 ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ,hugu5ots held ! city f #aeeg to #afbi ,pres5t ca!dral dates f #agce ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,le ,,puy ,illu/ration ,fir/ bi%op1 ,/4 ,georges1 ,i,i,id c5tury ,primitive ca!dral1 ,v? c5tury ,we/ faade ( pres5t edifice1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,*oir1 ,x? c5tury ,virg9 ( ,le ,puy1 #ej feet 9 height ,aguille de ,/4 ,mi*el1 #bej feet 9 height1 #ej feet 9 circumf]5ce at top1 #ejj feet at base ,,/4 ,,eti5ne ,,de ,,limoges ,illu/ration ,nave1 ,x,vth & ,x,v,ith c5turies ,romanesque portion ( nave1 ,x,ith c5tury ,l[] portion ( t[]1 ,x,ith c5tury ,clo*]1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,*oir1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,transepts1 ,x,i,vth & ,x,vth c5turies ,*oir-scre51 #aedc ,col\r$ glass1 ,x,vth & ,x,i,xth c5turies ,tomb ( ,bi%op ,brun1 #acdi2 de la ,porte1 #acbe2 ,langeac1 #aeda ,crypt1 ,x,ith c5tury ,height ( clo*]1 #bdj feet ,enamels ( r]$os1 ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ,,/4 ,,fulcran ,,de ,,lodeve ,city conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity1 #cbc ,e>lie/ portion ( ca!dral1 ,x? c5tury ,ma9 portion ( fabric1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,ca!dral complet$1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,tomb ( ,bi%op de la ,panse1 #afeh ,height ( nave1 #hj feet ,,ca!drale ,,de ,,lucon ,anci5t abbey1 ,v,i,ith c5tury ,fir/ bi%op appo9t$1 #acag ,ri*elieu bi%op "h1 #afaf-afbd ,ma9 fabric ( ca!dral dates f ,x,i,ith to ,x,v,i,ith c5turies ,fabric re/or$1 #ahec ,cloi/] ( episcopal palace1 ,x,vth c5tury ,,/4 ,,jean ,,de ,,lyon ,illu/ration ,bridge across ,sane1 ,x? c5tury ,e>lie/ portions ( ca!dral1 #aahj ,concile gnrale ( ! ,*ur* held at ,lyons1 #abde & #abgd ,portail1 ,x,vth c5tury ,glass ( *oir1 ,x,i,i,ith & ,x,i,vth c5turies ,great b\rdon1 #affb ,weight ( great b\rdon1 #aj1jjj kilos ,*apelle des ,b\rbons1 ,x,vth c5tury ,a/ronomical clock1 ,x,v,ith & ,x,v,i,ith c5turies ,,/e4 ,,m>ie ,,majeure ,,de ,,m>seilles ,fir/ bi%op1 ,/4 ,las>e1 ,i/ c5tury ,anci5t ca!dral built ^u ! ru9s ( a temple to ,diana1 ,x,ith c5tury ,new ca!dral begun1 #aheb ,practically complet$1 #ahic ,l5g?1 #dfj feet ,height ( c5tral dome1 #aig feet ,,/4 ,,jean ,,de ,,mauri5ne ,relique ( ,/4 ,jean ,bapti/e1 fir/ br\ght "h 9 ,v,ith c5tury ,cloi/]1 #adeb ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,,de ,,m5de ,fir/ bi%op1 ,x? c5tury ,ma9 fabric ( ca!dral1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,re/oration1 ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ,t[]s1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,organ-case1 #afdj ,height ( we/]n t[]s1 #bjc & #bgf feet ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,,de ,,montpelli] ,bi%opric remov$ "h f ,maguelonne1 #aecf ,pope ,urban ,v4 consecrat$ pres5t ca!dral 9 a =m] ,b5$ict9e abbey1 #acfd ,l5g? ( nave1 #aha feet ,wid? ( nave1 #di feet ,l5g? ( *oir1 #dc feet ,wid? ( *oir1 #ci feet ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,m\l9s ,t[]s & we/ front1 ,x,i,xth c5tury ,*oir & nave1 #adfe-aejg ,col\r$ glass1 ,x,vth & ,x,v,ith c5turies ,*oir re/oration complet$1 #ahhe ,sepul*re1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,height ( we/]n spires1 #cab feet ,*teau ( ,ducs de ,b\rbon 7fac+ ! ca!dral7 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,,/4 ,,j ,,de ,,n>bonne ,illu/ration ,*oir begun1 #abgb-accj ,*oir rebuilt1 ,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury ,rema9s ( cloi/]1 ,x,i,vth & ,x,vth c5tury ,t[]s1 ,x,vth c5tury ,tombs ( bi%ops1 ,x,i,vth to ,x,v,ith c5turies ,organ buffet1 #agda ,height ( *oir vault1 #abj 7#abg87 feet ,,/4 ,,ca/or ,,de ,,nimes ,/4 ,felix ! fir/ bi%op1 ,i,vth c5tury ,/4 ,ca/or z bi%op1 #ajcj ,ca!dral damag$ by w>s ( ,x,v,ith & ,x,v,i,ith c5turies ,l5g? ( gr&e axe ( ,ar5a1 #dbj feet ,capacity ( ,ar5a1 #hj1jjj p]sons ,,/e4 ,,m>ie ,d',,oloron ,e>lie/ portions1 ,x,ith c5tury ,complet$1 ,x,vth c5tury ,l5g? ( nave1 #aej feet ,wid? ( nave1 #ajf feet ,,notre ,,dame ,d',,orange ,illu/ration ,olde/ portions1 #ajhe ,nave1 #ajhe-aabf ,,ca!drale ,,de ,,pami]s ,clo*]1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,nave rebuilt1 ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ,anci5t ,abbey ( ,/4 ,anto9e1 ,x,ith c5tury ,fir/ bi%op1 ,b]n>d ,saisset1 #abig ,,/4 ,,front ,,de ,,p]igueux ,illu/ration ,primitive mona/]y f\nd$1 ,v,ith c5tury ,ca!dral dates f #ihd-ajdg ,ca!dral rebuilt1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,ca!dral re/or$1 ,x,i,xth c5tury ,pulpit 9 c>v$ wood1 ,x,v,i,ith ,confessionals1 ,x? or ,x,ith c5tury ,pa9t+s 9 vault+1 ,x,ith c5tury ,l5g? ( nave1 #aig feet ,height ( pill>s ( nave1 #dd feet ,height ( cupola ( clo*]1 #bag feet ,height ( great ar*es 9 int]ior1 #fe feet ,,/4 ,,jean ,,de ,,p]pignan ,illu/ration ,t[]1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,rtable1 ,,xiv c5tury ,alt>-scre51 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,bi%op's tomb1 #afie ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,,de ,,poiti]s ,illu/ration ,eglise ,/4 ,hilaire1 ,x? & ,x,ith c5turies ,bapti/re1 ,i,vth to ,x,i,ith c5turies ,/4 ,radegonde1 ,x,ith & ,x,i,ith c5turies ,ca!dral begun1 #aafb ,high-alt> d$icat$1 #aaii ,*oir complet$1 #abej ,we/]n doorway1 ,x,vth c5tury ,col\r$ glass1 ,x,i,i,ith & ,x,v,i,i,ith c5turies ,illu/ration ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,rodez ,illu/ration ,dates *iefly f #abge ,*oir1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,nave1 ,x,vth c5tury ,cross-vaults1 tribune1 sacri/y door1 & faade1 f ab\t #aece ,clture ( *oir design$ by ,cusset ,t]race to episcopal palace design$ by ,phil&ri]1 #aeej ,episcopal palace itself dates1 9 ! ma91 f ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ,rose w9d[ ( faade is ! mo/ notable 9 ,france s\? ( ! ,loire1 except+ ,poiti]s ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,,de ,,sa9tes ,eglise ,/4 ,eutrope1 #ajha-ajif ,primitive ca!dral1 #aaag ,ca!dral rebuilt1 #aehe ,fir/ two bays ( transept1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,nave complet$1 ,x,vth c5tury ,vault+ ( *oir & nave1 ,x,vth to ,x,v,i,ith c5turies ,height ( flamboyant t[] 7,x,i,vth c5tury71 #bcf feet ,,ca!drale ,,de ,,s>lat ,b5$ict9e abbey dates f ,v,i,i,ith c5tury ,ca!dral ma9ly ( ,x,ith & ,x,i,ith c5turies ,sepul*ral *apel1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,,ca!drale ,,de ,,sion ,fir/ bi%op1 ,/4 ,?odule1 ,i,vth c5tury ,*oir ( ,eglise ,/e4 ,ca!r9e1 ,x? or ,x,ith c5tury ,bi%op ( ,sion s5t z papal legate to ,w9*e/]1 #ajgj ,ma9 body ( ca!dral1 ,x,vth c5tury ,,/4 ,,pi]re ,,de ,,/4 ,,claude ,abbey f\nd$ by ,/4 ,claude1 ,v? c5tury ,bi%opric f\nd$ by ,jos4 de ,madet1 #agdb ,bi%opric suppress$1 #agij ,bi%opric reviv$ aga91 #ahba ,ma9 fabric ( ca!dral1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,ca!dral re/or$1 ,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury ,l5g?1 #bjj feet 7approx47 ,wid?1 #he feet ,height1 #he feet ,,/4 ,,odilon ,,de ,,/4 ,,fl\r ,bi%opric f\nd$1 #acah ,pres5t ca!dral begun1 #acge d$icat$1 #adif complet$1 #aeef ,episcopal palace1 #ahjj ,*teau de ,/4 ,fl\r1 #ajjj ,,/4 ,,lisi] ,,or ,,c\s]ans ,=m] ca!dral1 ,x,i,ith & ,x,i,i,ith c5turies ,bi%op's palace1 ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ,,/e4 ,,m>ie ,,majeure ,,de ,,t\lon ,ma9 body ( fabric1 ,x,ith & ,x,i,ith c5turies ,faade1 ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ,l5g? ( nave1 #afj feet ,wid? ( nave1 #ce feet ,,/4 ,,eti5ne ,,de ,,t\l\se ,illu/ration ,nave1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,t[]1 ,x,vth & ,x,v,ith c5tury ,*oir1 #abge-aejb ,bi%opric f\nd$1 ,i,i,id c5tury ,ar*bi%opric f\nd$1 #acbg ,wid? ( nave1 #fb feet ,,/ ,,paul ,,trois ,,*ateaux ,illu/ration ,*apel to ,/4 ,re/uit fir/ erect$ "h1 ,i,vth c5tury ,t[n deva/at$ by ! ,v&als1 ,v? c5tury ,s>ac5s1 #gcf ,prote/ants1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,ca?olics1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,=m] ca!dral1 ,x,ith & ,x,i,ith c5turies ,,ca!drale ,,de ,,tulle ,b5$ict9e f\ndation1 ,v,i,ith c5tury ,cloi/]1 ,v,i,ith c5tury 787 ,bi%opric f\nd$1 #acag ,romanesque & transition nave1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,,/4 ,,!odorit ,d',,uzes ,inhabitants ( ! t[n1 includ+ ! bi%op1 mo/ly became ,prote/ant1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,ca!dral rebuilt & re/or$1 ,x,v,i,ith & ,x,v,i,i,ith c5turies ,t\r ,fne/relle1 ,x,i,i,ith c5tury ,organ-case1 ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ,height ( ! ,t\r ,fne/relle1 #acj feet ,,ca!drale ,,de ,,vaison ,cloi/]1 ,x,ith c5tury ,eglise de ,/4 ,qu991 ,v,i,ith c5tury ,illu/ration ,,/4 ,,apoll9aire ,,de ,,val5ce ,ca!dral rebuilt & reconsecrat$ by ,urban ,,ii41 ,x,ith c5tury ,recon/ruct$1 #afjd ,bi%opric f\nd$1 ,i,vth c5tury ,f\ndations laid1 ,x,i,ith c5tury ,c5otaph to ,pius ,,vi41 #agii ,height ( t[]1 #ahg feet ,,ca!drale ,,de ,,vabres ,pr9cipally1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,rebuilt & recon/ruct$1 & clo*] add$1 ,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury ,,notre ,,dame ,,de ,,v5ce ,fabric ( v>i\s eras1 ,v,ith1 ,x?1 ,x,i,ith1 & ,x,vth c5turies ,rtable1 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,*oir-/alls1 ,x,vth c5tury ,,/4 ,,maurice ,,de ,,vi5ne ,bi%opric dates f ,i,id c5tury ,/4 ,cresc5t1 fir/ bi%op1 #aah ,ca!dral begun1 #ajeb ,recon/ruct$1 #aeae ,col\r$ glass1 9 "p1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,tomb ( ,c>d9al de ,montmor91 ,x,v,ith c5tury ,metropolitan privileges ( ,vi5ne confirm$ by ,pope ,pas*al ,,ii41 #ajii ,,ca!drale ,,de ,,vivi]s ,*oir1 ,x,i,vth c5tury ,t[]1 ,x,i,vth & ,x,vth c5turies ,,index ,abbey ( ,cluny1 #ei1 #fa4 ,abbey ( ,montmaj\r1 #bcj4 ,acre1 #ef4 ,adelb]t1 ,c\nt ( ,prigueux1 #ch4 ,ad\r1 ,riv]1 #dag4 ,agde1 #ec1 #ceh1 #cei4 ,agde1 ,ca?drale de1 #ceh-cfj1 #ebj4 ,ag51 #db1 #dbi4 ,ag51 ,/4 ,caprais de1 #dbi1 #dca1 #ebj4 ,ag\t1 ,riv]1 #dga4 ,aigues-,mortes1 #bbh1 #cai1 #cbj4 ,aire1 ,/4 ,jean ,bapti/e de1 #dfi1 #dgj1 #eba4 ,aix1 #cf1 #bcj1 #bhc1 #bic1 #cbc1 #cbd4 ,aix ,/4 ,jean de ,malte1 #cbd4 ,aix1 ,/4 ,sauveur de1 #cbc-cbg1 #eba4 ,ajaccio1 #dg4 ,alais1 #bdi-bea4 ,alais1 ,/4 ,jean de1 #bdi-bea1 #eba4 ,alb]oni1 ,c>d9al1 #bdj4 ,albi1 #bg1 #da1 #ec1 #ed1 #fa1 #ie1 #ih1 #bgd4 ,albi1 ,/e4 ,ccile de1 #cfc1 #dhb-dhi1 #ebb4 ,albig5ses1 ,!1 #cfe1 #dhe1 #dhf4 ,alet1 #db4 ,alet1 ,/4 ,pi]re de1 #cej1 #cea1 #ebb4 ,amantius1 #ccj4 ,ami5s1 #fj1 #fb4 ,&orra1 ,republic (1 #cgc4 ,ang]s1 ,*teau at1 #ff4 ,ang]s1 ,/ ,maurice d'1 #ig4 ,ang\lme1 #ee1 #fa1 #gc1 #abj1 #abd4 ,ang\lme1 ,/4 ,pi]re de1 #gc1 #abj-abe1 #ebc4 ,anj\1 #de1 #ga4 ,anj\1 ,duke (1 #dj1 #dd4 ,anj\1 ,h5ry ,plantag5et (1 #ci4 ,anj\ 7,la ,tr9it71 #ef4 ,annecy1 #beb-bed1 #bef4 ,annecy1 ,/4 ,pi]re de1 #beb-bed1 #ebc4 ,antibes1 #ccj1 #cci1 #cda4 ,ao/i1 #bfh4 ,apt1 #bhi-bia4 ,apt1 ,/4 ,ca/or de1 #ebc4 ,aquita9e1 #ch1 #fb4 ,aquitanians1 ,!1 #ch4 ,aquitanian ar*itecture1 #ed1 #ee1 #ff4 ,arc de ,triomphe 7,sa9tes71 #aae4 ,ar*itecture1 ,*ur*1 #ej-ef4 ,ario/o1 #bce4 ,arles1 #bh1 #cc1 #fa1 #bag1 #bbh-bce1 #bhc1 #bic4 ,arles1 ,ar*bi%op (1 #df4 ,arles1 ,/4 ,trophime de1 #cg1 #bjb1 #bbh-bce1 #ebd4 ,arnaud1 ,bi%op1 #ced4 ,au*1 ,/4 ,m>ie de1 #dcb-dch1 #ebd4 ,au*1 ,college (1 #dch4 ,augu/us1 #bba4 ,autun1 ,bi%op ( 7,talleyr&-,prigord71 #df4 ,auv]gne1 #bi1 #fb1 #gb-gd4 ,auzon1 #bba4 ,avignon1 #cc1 #da1 #ec1 #ed1 #bda4 ,avignon1 ,papal ,palace at1 #cgg1 #dhe4 ,avignon1 ,notre ,dame des ,doms1 #bjd-bbj1 #ebe4 ,avignon1 ,ruf d'1 #cf4 ,bapti/re ( ,/4 ,siffre9 de ,c>p5tras1 #bbb4 ,bapti/re1 ,! 7,poiti]s71 #ie1 #if1 #aja4 ,basilique de ,notre ,dame de ,f\rvire1 #ahe4 ,bayonne1 #bh1 #eg1 #cgc1 #chg1 #dje-djg1 #daj1 #daa4 ,bayonne1 ,notre ,dame de1 #dje-daj1 #ebe4 ,bazas1 ,/4 ,jean de1 #daa1 #dab1 #ebf4 ,baz91 ,r51 #bbi1 #bce4 ,be>n1 ,prov9ce (1 #cie1 #djf4 ,beauvais1 ,luci5 de1 #cg4 ,becket1 ,?omas 1 #aaa4 ,belley1 #bfg4 ,belley1 ,ca?drale de1 #ebf4 ,b5$ict ,,xii41 ,pope1 #baa1 #baf4 ,bnigne1 #aga4 ,b]5g>ius ,,ii41 #cga4 ,b]ri1 #ga1 #gb4 ,besanon1 #bfg1 #bgd4 ,besanon1 ,l9 de1 #cf4 ,b?anie1 ,laz>e de1 #cf4 ,bz>d1 #dca4 ,bzi]s1 #ec1 #cfc-cfe4 ,bzi]s1 ,bi%op (1 #cfe4 ,bzi]s1 ,/4 ,nazaire de1 #cfc-cfg1 #ebf4 ,bi*i1 ,alex&ri1 #bbd4 ,bi%ops ( ,c>p5tras1 #bba4 ,bi%op ( ,ypres1 #dh4 ,black ,pr9ce1 ,!1 #dah1 #dec4 ,blois1 ,*teau at1 #ff4 ,breakspe>e1 #bcj4 ,bretagne1 ,slabs 91 #fd4 ,bridge ( ,/4 ,bnezet1 #bai4 ,bordeaux1 #eg1 #chd1 #chg1 #cif1 #cig1 #dja4 ,bordeaux1 ,/4 ,&r de1 #id1 #cif-dja1 #ebf4 ,bossuet1 ,bi%op1 #dbj4 ,b\rass1 ,abb1 #hc1 #hi1 #cbh1 #ced1 #dcc4 ,b\rbons1 ,!1 #abf1 #abg4 #acj4 ,b\rg1 #bgg-bgi4 ,b\rg1 ,notre ,dame de1 #bgg-bgi1 #ebf4 ,b\rges1 #da1 #fb4 ,bovet1 ,franois1 #bha4 ,boyan1 ,bi%op1 #bdg4 ,buti1 ,bi%op ,laur5t1 #bbd4 ,cs>1 #aga4 ,cahors1 #db1 #dd1 #dbe1 #dbh4 ,cahors1 ,/4 ,eti5ne de1 #dbe-dbh1 #ebg4 ,cairne type ( mosque1 #ee4 ,calixtus ,,ii41 #ahi4 ,canal du ,midi1 #cfg4 ,canova1 #aid1 #ccd4 ,capet1 ,hugh1 #ch1 #ci4 ,c>cassonne1 #bh1 #ec1 #cai1 #ddi-deg4 ,c>cassonne1 ,/4 ,nazaire de1 #eg1 #cai1 #ddi-dfj1 #ebg4 ,c>p5tras1 #bba-bbf4 ,c>p5tras1 ,/4 ,siffre9 de1 #bba-bbe1 #ebh4 ,c>ton1 ,dom9ique de1 #bbd4 ,ca/res1 #db1 #dga4 ,ca/res1 ,/s4 ,b5oit et ,v9c5t de1 #dga-dgc1 #ebh4 ,ca?drale d',agde1 #ceh-cfj1 #ebj4 ,ca?drale de ,belley1 #ebf4 ,ca?drale de ,*ambry1 #bee-beg1 #ebi4 ,ca?drale de ,condom1 #dbj1 #dba4 ,ca?drale de ,dax1 #ecj4 ,ca?drale d',eauze1 #eca4 ,ca?drale de ,lect\re1 #djb-djd4 ,ca?drale de ,luon1 #he1 #hf1 #ecc4 ,ca?drale de ,montauban1 #dbb-dbd4 ,ca?drale de ,pami]s1 #dfa-dfc1 #ecf4 ,ca?drale de ,s>lat1 #edj4 ,ca?drale de ,sion1 #cjb-cjd1 #edj4 ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,mi*el1 ,c>cassonne1 #dea1 #deb4 ,ca?drale de ,tulle1 #aah1 #aai1 #edb4 ,ca?drale de ,vabres1 #edc4 ,ca?drale de ,vaison1 #bbf1 #bbg1 #edc4 ,ca!drale de ,vivi]s1 #aie1 #aif1 #edd4 ,cavaillon1 #bbf4 ,cavaillon1 ,/4 ,v]an de1 #bjj-bjc1 #ebh4 ,cev5nes1 #cj1 #gb1 #gf-gi1 #acf4 ,*alons1 ,simon de1 #bdg4 ,*alons-sur-,sane1 ,/4 ,eti5ne de1 #agj-agc1 #ebi4 ,*ambry1 #bh1 #bec1 #bee-beg1 #bfd1 #bfg1 #bgj4 ,*ambry1 ,ca?drale de1 #ebi4 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,c\lon1 #bia4 ,dant1 #acd4 ,daudet1 #afe4 ,dauph91 #cj1 #afa1 #afb1 #big1 #bih4 ,dax1 #die4 ,dax1 ,ca?drale de1 #ecj4 ,delta ( ,rhne1 #afh4 ,d',entrevaux1 #bhj4 ,de ,sade1 ,laura1 #bjd1 #bjg1 #bjh4 ,dev]ia1 #bej4 ,di1 ,notre ,dame de1 #bhg1 #bhh1 #eca4 ,digne1 #bha1 #bhc-bhf4 ,dijon1 #aga4 ,dijon1 ,/4 ,bnigne (1 #fc4 ,dioceses ( ,*ur* 9 ,france1 #ci1 #dj4 ,diocese ( ,corsica1 #dg4 ,domn9us1 #bei4 ,dordogne1 #bi4 ,duclaux1 ,madame1 #be1 #bbi1 #bce4 ,ducs de ,sabron1 ,tomb (1 #bij4 ,duke ( ,anj\1 #dj1 #dd4 ,dumas1 ,jean1 #dcc4 ,durance1 ,riv]1 #afb1 #bib4 ,dr]1 ,albre*t1 #cbe4 ,eauze1 #die1 #dif4 ,eauze1 ,ca?drale de1 #eca4 ,edw>d ,i41 #djj4 ,edw>ds1 ,miss ,m4 ,e4 ,b41 #bd4 ,eglise de ,br\1 #bgg4 ,eglise des ,cordeli]s1 #bjg4 ,eglise de ,grasse1 #cci1 #cdj4 ,eglise de la ,gr&e ,*>treuse1 #bfc4 ,eglise de ,/ ,&r1 #bfj1 #cea4 ,eglise de ,/4 ,claire1 #bjh4 ,eglise de ,/4 ,pol1 #ge4 ,eglise de ,s\illac1 #ee4 ,eglise ,notre ,dame du ,port1 #ade4 ,eglise ,/ ,nizi]1 #agi4 ,eglise ,/4 ,qu991 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