,,w> ,,dep>tm5t ,,manual ,,= ,,noncommission$ ,,(fic]s ,,& ,,privates ,,( ,,cavalry ,,( ,,! ,,army ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates #aiag ,,to ,,be ,,also ,,us$ ,,by ,,eng9e] ,,companies 7,,m\nt$7 ,,= ,,cavalry ,,in/ruction ,,& ,,tra9+ ,,wa%+ton ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice #aiag ,,w> ,,dep>tm5t1 ,docum5t ,no4 #fbj4 ,(fice ( ,! ,adjutant ,g5]al4 ,,additional ,,copies ,,( ,,?is ,,publication ,,may ,,be ,,procur$ ,,f ,,! ,,sup]9t5d5t ,,( ,,docum5ts ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,at #ej ,,c5ts ,,p] ,,copy ,,w> ,,dep>tm5t1 ,,wa%+ton1 ,june #bh1 #aiag4 ,! foll[+ ,manual = ,noncommission$ ,(fic]s & ,privates ( ,cavalry is publi%$ = ! in=mation & guidance ( all conc]n$4 #behbhbd ,c4--,a4 ,g4 ,o4 ,,by ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,secret>y ,,( ,,w>3 ,,task] ,h4 ,,bliss1 ,major ,g5]al1 ,act+ ,*ief ( ,/aff4 ,,(ficial3 ,h4 ,p4 ,,mcca91 ,! ,adjutant ,g5]al4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,page4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,milit>y ,,discipl9e ,,& ,,c\rtesy444444444444444444 #i ,section #a4 ,oa? ( enli/m5t444444444444444444444444444444 #i ,section #b4 ,ob$i5ce44444444444444444444444444444444 4444444 #i ,section #c4 ,loyalty44444444444444444444444444444444 44444444 #aa ,section #d4 ,discipl9e444444444444444444444444444444 4444444 #aa ,section #e4 ,milit>y c\rtesy444444444444444444444444444444 #ac ,section #f4 ,salut+444444444444444444444444444444444 444444 #ac ,section #g4 ,rules gov]n+ salut+44444444444444444444444 #ae ,section #h4 ,c\rtesies 9 conv]sation444444444444444444444 #ah ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,arms1 ,,uni=ms1 ,,& ,,equipm5t4444444444444444444 #bj ,section #a4 ,! rifle44444444444444444444444444444444444 444 #bj ,section #b4 ,c>e ( ! rifle444444444444444444444444444444 #ba ,section #c4 ,clean+ ! rifle44444444444444444444444444444 #bc ,section #d4 ,uni=ms444444444444444444444444444444444 444444 #bg ,section #e4 ,! s]vice kit44444444444444444444444444444444 #cj ,section #f4 ,! surplus kit44444444444444444444444444444444 #cb ,section #g4 ,assembl+ equipm5t444444444444444444444444444 #cc ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,rations ,,& ,,=age44444444444444444444444444444 #cf ,section #a4 ,! ration4444444444444444444444444444444444 444 #cf ,section #b4 ,individual cook+44444444444444444444444444444 #cg ,section #c4 ,! =age ration444444444444444444444444444444 #da ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,p]sonal ,,hygi5e ,,& ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,feet44444444444 #dc ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,extracts ,,f ,,cavalry ,,drill ,,regulations1 #aiaf4444 #ej ,section #a4 ,def9itions44444444444444444444444444444 4444444 #ej ,section #b4 ,g5]al provisions1 individual in/ruction44444 #ed ,section #c4 ,s*ool ( ! troop]1 dism\nt$44444444444444 #eg ,section #d4 ,s*ool ( ! troop]1 m\nt$4444444444444444 #aab ,section #e4 ,g5]al provisions1 elem5t>y collective in/ruction444444444444444444444444444444 44444 #acd ,section #f4 ,basic pr9ciples ( ! drill44444444444444444 #acd ,section #g4 ,! s*ool ( ! squad44444444444444444444444 #aci ,section #h4 ,t5t pit*+444444444444444444444444444444444 #agf ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,field ,,s]vice44444444444444444444444444444444 44 #ahj ,section #a4 ,pr9ciples ( tra9+444444444444444444444444 #ahj ,section #b4 ,combat444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444 #aha ,section #c4 ,patroll+4444444444444444444444444444444 44444 #aii ,section #d4 ,advance gu>ds44444444444444444444444444444444 #baj ,section #e4 ,re> gu>ds44444444444444444444444444444444444 #bab ,section #f4 ,flank gu>ds4444444444444444444444444444444444 #bac ,section #g4 ,outpo/s44444444444444444444444444444444 444444 #bac ,section #h4 ,rifle tr5*es44444444444444444444444444444444 #bai ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,m>*+ ,,& ,,camp+44444444444444444444444444 #bbc ,section #a4 ,break+ camp & prep>ation = a m>*44444 #bbc ,section #b4 ,m>*es1 camps44444444444444444444444444444444 #bbe ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,t>get ,,practice444444444444444444444444444444 #bcc ,section #a4 ,prelim9>y tra9+ & m>ksman%ip444444444 #bcc ,section #b4 ,sight adju/m5t444444444444444444444444444444 #bcc ,section #c4 ,table ( sight corrections44444444444444444444 #bce ,section #d4 ,aim+44444444444444444444444444444444444 44444 #bce ,section #e4 ,battle sight4444444444444444444444444444444444 #bcf ,section #f4 ,trigg] squeeze4444444444444444444444444444444 #bcg ,section #g4 ,fir+ positions444444444444444444444444444444 #bch ,section #h4 ,call+ ! %ot444444444444444444444444444444 #bdj ,section #i4 ,coord9ation4444444444444444444444444444 444444 #bda ,section #aj4 ,advice to riflem5444444444444444444444444444 #bda ,section #aa4 ,! c\rse 9 small-arms fir+44444444444444 #bdc ,section #ab4 ,t>gets444444444444444444444444444444444 44444 #bdd ,section #ac4 ,pi/ol & revolv] practice44444444444444444 #bde ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,extracts ,,f ,,manual ,,( ,,int]ior ,,gu>d ,,duty1 #aiad44444444444444444444444444444444444 44 #bed ,section #a4 ,introduction444444444444444444444444444 4444444 #bed ,section #b4 ,classification ( int]ior gu>ds4444444444444 #bee ,section #c4 ,details & ro/]s444444444444444444444444444 #bee ,section #d4 ,comm&] ( ! gu>d444444444444444444444444 #beh ,section #e4 ,s]geant ( ! gu>d4444444444444444444444444 #bfc ,section #f4 ,corporal ( ! gu>d4444444444444444444444444 #bff ,section #g4 ,musicians ( ! gu>d444444444444444444444444 #bga ,section #h4 ,ord]lies & color s5t9els44444444444444444 #bga ,section #i4 ,privates ( ! gu>d4444444444444444444444444 #bgc ,section #aj4 ,ord]s = s5t9els4444444444444444444444444 #bgc ,section #aa4 ,c\nt]signs & p>oles444444444444444444444 #bhb ,section #ab4 ,gu>d patrols44444444444444444444444444444444 #bhc ,section #ac4 ,wat*m5444444444444444444444444444444444 4444 #bhc ,section #ad4 ,complim5ts f gu>ds4444444444444444444444 #bhd ,section #ae4 ,prison]s4444444444444444444444444444444 44444 #bhf ,section #af4 ,gu>d+ prison]s444444444444444444444444444 #bhi ,section #ag4 ,/able gu>ds44444444444444444444444444444444 #bib ,section #ah4 ,flags4444444444444444444444444444444444 444444 #bif ,section #ai4 ,reveille & retreat gun444444444444444444444 #bih ,section #bj4 ,gu>d m\nt+4444444444444444444444444444444 #bih ,section #ba4 ,reliev+ ! old gu>d4444444444444444444444 #cjf ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,map ,,read+ ,,& ,,sket*+44444444444444444444444 #cji ,section #a4 ,milit>y map read+44444444444444444444444444 #cji ,section #b4 ,sket*+444444444444444444444444444444444 4444 #cbb ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,message ,,blanks44444444444444444444444444444444 4 #cbe ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,signals ,,& ,,codes44444444444444444444444444444 #cbf ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,fir/-,,aid ,,rules444444444444444444444444444444 #cch ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,laws ,,& ,,regulations44444444444444444444444444 #cej ,section #a4 ,g5]al provisions4444444444444444444444444444 #cej ,section #b4 ,! ,army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates44444444444444444 #cea ,section #c4 ,rank & prec$5ce ( (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s4444444444444444444444 #cea ,section #d4 ,insignia ( (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s4444444444444444444444444444444444 4444 #cec ,section #e4 ,extracts f ! ,articles ( ,w>4444444444444 #cec ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,engli%-,,fr5* ,,vocabul>y4444444444444444444444 #cga ,,app5dix4 ,,=m ,,= ,,la/ ,,w ,,& ,,te/am5t44444444444444444 #chi ,,manual ,,= ,,noncommission$ ,,(fic]s ,,& ,,privates ,( ,,cavalry ,,( ,,! ,,army ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,milit>y ,,discipl9e ,,& ,,c\rtesy4 ,section #a4 ,oa? ( enli/m5t4 ,e soldi] on enli/+ 9 ! ,army takes ^u himself ! foll[+ obligation3 ,i1 ----1 d solemnly swe> 7or affirm7 t ,i w be> true fai? & allegiance to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica2 t ,i w s]ve !m hone/ly & fai?fully aga9/ all-_! enemies :omsoev]2 & t ,i w obey ! ord]s ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! ord]s ( ! (fic]s appo9t$ ov] me accord+ to ! ,rules & ,articles ( ,w>4 7#aji? ,article ( ,w>47 ,section #b4 ,ob$i5ce4 ,! v fir/ p>agraph 9 ! ,army ,regulations reads3 ,all p]sons 9 ! milit>y s]vice are requir$ to obey /rictly & to execute promptly ! lawful ord]s ( _! sup]iors4 ,ob$i5ce is ! fir/ & la/ duty ( a soldi]4 ,x is ! f\ndation ^u :i* all milit>y effici5cy is built4 ,)\t x an army becomes a mob1 :ile ) x a mob ceases to be a mob & becomes possess$ ( mu* ( ! p[] ( an organiz$ =ce4 ,x is a quality t is dem&$ ( e p]son 9 ! ,army f ! highe/ to ! l[e/4 ,ea* enli/$ man b9ds himself1 by 8 enli/m5t oa?1 to ob$i5ce4 ,ea* (fic]1 9 accept+ 8 commission1 mu/ take ^u himself ! same solemn obligation4 ,obey /rictly & execute promptly ! lawful ord]s ( y\r sup]iors4 ,x is en\gh to "k t ! p]son giv+ ! ord]1 :e!r he be an (fic]1 a noncommission$ (fic]1 or a private act+ z su*1 is y\r lawful sup]ior4 ,y may n l him1 y may n respect him1 b y mu/ respect 8 position & au?ority1 & reflect honor & cr$it ^u y\rself & y\r pr(ession by yield+ to all sup]iors t complete & unhesitat+ ob$i5ce :i* is ! pleasure z well z ! duty ( e true soldi]4 ,ord]s mu/ be /rictly c>ri$ out4 ,x is n suffici5t to comply ) only t "p :i* suits y or :i* involves no "w or dang] or h>d%ip4 ,nor is x prop] or p]missible1 :5 y are ord]$ to d a ?+ 9 a c]ta9 way or to accompli% a "w 9 a def9itely prescrib$ mann]1 = y to obta9 ! same results by o!r me?ods4 ,ob$i5ce mu/ be prompt & unque/ion+4 ,:5 any soldi] 7& ?is ^w includes (fic]s z well z enli/$ m57 receives an ord]1 x is n = him to consid] :e!r ! ord] is a good "o or n1 :e!r x w\ld h be5 bett] _h su* an ord] nev] be5 giv51 or :e!r ! duty might be bett] p]=m$ by "s "o else1 or at "s o!r "t1 or 9 "s o!r mann]4 ,8 duty is1 fir/1 to und]/& j :at ! ord] requires1 &1 second1 to proce$ at once to c>ry out ! ord] to ! be/ ( 8 ability4 ,(fic]s & m5 ( all ranks & grades are giv5 a c]ta9 indep5d5ce 9 ! execution ( ! tasks to :i* !y are assign$ & are expect$ to %[ initiative 9 meet+ ! diff]5t situations z !y arise4 ,e individual1 f ! highe/ comm&] to ! l[e/ private1 mu/ always rememb] t inaction & neglect ( opportunities w w>rant m sev]e c5sure ?an an error 9 ! *oice ( ! means4 7,preface1 ,field ,s]vice ,regulations474 ,section #c4 ,loyalty4 ,b ev5 ) implicit ob$i5ce y may yet fail to measure up to t high /&>d ( duty :i* is at once ! pride & glory ( e true soldi]4 ,n until y c>ry out ! desires & wi%es ( y\r sup]iors 9 a he>ty1 will+1 & *e]ful mann] are y meet+ all ! requirem5ts ( y\r pr(ession4 ,= an ord] is b ! w ( y\r sup]ior1 h[ev] x may be express$4 ,loyalty means t y are = y\r organization & its (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s--n aga9/ !m2 t y always ext5d y\r mo/ e>ne/ & he>ty support to ^? 9 au?ority4 ,no soldi] is a loyal soldi] :o is a knock] or a grumbl] or a %irk]4 ,j "o man ( ?is class 9 a troop bre$s discont5t & dissatisfaction among _m o!rs4 ,y %\ld1 !re=e1 n only gu>d aga9/ do+ su* ?+s y\rself b %\ld disc\rage su* actions among any ( y\r comrades4 ,section #d4 ,discipl9e4 #a4 ,all p]sons 9 ! milit>y s]vice are requir$ to obey /rictly & to execute promptly ! lawful ord]s ( _! sup]iors4 #b4 ,milit>y au?ority w be ex]cis$ ) firmness1 k9dness1 & ju/ice4 ,puni%m5ts mu/ con=m to law & foll[ (f5ses z promptly z circum/ances w p]mit4 #c4 ,sup]iors are =bidd5 to injure ^? "u _! au?ority by tyrannical or caprici\s conduct or by abusive language4 ,:ile ma9ta9+ discipl9e & ! ?or\gh & prompt p]=mance ( milit>y duty1 all (fic]s1 9 deal+ ) enli/$ m51 w be> 9 m9d ! absolute necessity ( s treat+ !m z to pres]ve _! self-respect4 ,(fic]s w keep 9 z close t\* z possible ) ! m5 "u _! comm& & w /rive to build up su* relations ( confid5ce & sympa?y z w insure ! free approa* ( _! m5 to !m = c\nsel & assi/ance4 ,?is relation%ip may be ga9$ & ma9ta9$ )\t relaxation ( ! bonds ( discipl9e & ) great b5efit to ! s]vice z a :ole4 ,c\rtesy among milit>y m5 is indisp5sable to discipl9e2 respect to sup]iors w n be conf9$ to ob$i5ce on duty1 b w be ext5d$ on all occasions4 #e4 ,delib]ations or discussions among milit>y m51 convey+ praise or c5sure1 or any m>k ( approbation1 t[>d o!rs 9 ! milit>y s]vice1 & all publications relat+ to private or p]sonal transactions betwe5 (fic]s are prohibit$4 ,ef=ts to influ5ce legislation affect+ ! ,army or to procure p]sonal favor or consid]ation %\ld nev] be made except ?r\gh regul> milit>y *annels2 ! adoption ( any o!r me?od by any (fic] or enli/$ man w be not$ 9 ! milit>y record ( ^? conc]n$4 7,army ,regulations47 ,! discipl9e :i* makes ! soldi] ( a free c\ntry reliable 9 battle is n to be ga9$ by h>% or tyrannical treatm5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 su* treatm5t is f> m likely to de/roy ?an to make an army4 ,x is possible to imp>t in/ruction & give comm&s 9 su* mann] & 9 su* tone ( voice z to inspire 9 ! soldi] no feel+ b an int5se desire to obey1 :ile ! opposite mann] & tone ( voice c n fail to excite /rong res5tm5t & a desire to disobey4 ,! "o mode or ! o!r ( deal+ ) subord9ates spr+s f a correspond+ _s 9 ! brea/ ( ! comm&]4 ,he :o feels ! respect :i* is due to o!rs c n fail to inspire 9 !m reg>d = himself1 :ile he :o feels1 & h5ce manife/s1 disrespect t[>d o!rs1 especially 8 inf]iors1 c n fail to inspire hatr$ aga9/ himself4 7,address ( ,maj4 ,g54 ,john ,m4 ,s*(ield to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,corps ( ,cadets1 ,aug4 #aa1 #ahgi47 ,:51 by long-cont9u$ drill & subord9ation1 y h le>n$ y\r duties1 & ob$i5ce becomes second nature1 y h acquir$ discipl9e4 ,x c n be acquir$ 9 a day nor a mon?4 ,x is a gr[?4 ,x is ! habit ( ob$i5ce4 ,to tea* ?is habit ( ob$i5ce is ! ma9 object ( ! close-ord] drill1 &1 if good results are to be expect$1 ! greate/ att5tion mu/ be paid to ev5 ! smalle/ details4 ,! troop1 platoon1 or squad mu/ be =m$ promptly at ! prescrib$ "t--n a m9ute or ev5 a second late4 ,all mu/ we> ! exact uni=m prescrib$ & 9 ! exact mann] prescrib$4 ,:5 at att5tion !re mu/ be no gaz+ ab\t1 no rais+ ( h&s1 no *ew+ or spitt+ 9 ranks4 ,! manual ( ! rifle1 ! pi/ol1 ! sab]1 & all movem5ts mu/ be execut$ absolutely z prescrib$4 ,a drill ( ?is k9d tea*es discipl9e4 ,a c>eless1 sloppy drill bre$s disob$i5ce & insubord9ation4 ,9 o!r words1 discipl9e simply means effici5cy4 ,section #e4 ,milit>y c\rtesy4 ,9 all walks ( life m5 :o are g5tlemanly & ( good bre$+ are always respectful & c\rte\s to ^? ab\t !m4 ,x helps to make life move along m smoo?ly4 ,9 civil life ?is c\rtesy is %[n by ! cu/om ( tipp+ ! hat to ladies1 %ak+ h&s ) fri5ds1 & greet+ p]sons ) a nod or a fri5dly ,good morn+1 etc4 ,9 ! ,army c\rtesy is j z necess>y1 & = ! same reasons4 ,x helps to keep ! great ma*9e mov+ )\t friction4 ,c\rtesy among milit>y m5 is indisp5sable to discipl9e2 respect to sup]iors w n be conf9$ to ob$i5ce on duty1 b w be ext5d$ on all occasions4 7,p>4 #d1 ,army ,regulations1 #aiac47 ,"o me?od ( ext5d+ ?is c\rtesy is by salut+4 ,:5 9 ranks ! "q ( :at a private %\ld d is simple--he obeys any comm& t is giv54 ,x is :5 out ( ranks t a private mu/ "k h[ & :5 to salute4 ,section #f4 ,salut+4 ,9 ! old days ! free m5 ( ,europe 7 all all[$ to c>ry weapons1 & :5 !y met ea* w\ld hold up 8 "r h& to %[ t he _h no weapon 9 x & t !y met z fri5ds4 ,slaves or s]fs1 h[ev]1 7 n all[$ to c>ry weapons1 & slunk pa/ ! free m5 )\t mak+ any sign4 ,9 ?is way ! salute came to be ! symbol or sign by :i* soldi]s 7free m57 might recognize ea* o!r4 ,! l[] classes began to imitate ! soldi]s 9 ?is respect1 al?\gh 9 a clumsy1 apologetic way1 & !nce crept into civil life ! cu/om ( rais+ ! h& or nodd+ z "o pass$ an acqua9tance4 ,! soldi]s1 h[ev]1 kept _! individual salute1 & purposely made x intricate & difficult to le>n 9 ord] t x c\ld be acquir$ only by ! con/ant tra9+ all real soldi]s receiv$4 ,to ?is day armies h pres]v$ _! salute1 & :5 correctly done x is at once recogniz$ & nev] mi/ak5 = t ( ! civilian4 ,all soldi]s %\ld be c>eful to execute ! salute exactly z prescrib$4 ,! civilian or ! imitation soldi] :o tries to imitate ! milit>y salute1 inv>iably makes "s mi/ake :i* %[s t he is n a real soldi]2 he gives x 9 an apologetic mann]1 he fails to /& or m>* at att5tion1 8 coat is unbutton$ or hat on awry1 or he fails to look ! p]son salut$ 9 ! eye4 ,!re is a wide diff]5ce 9 ! me?od ( r5d]+ & mean+ betwe5 ! civilian salute z us$ by fri5ds 9 pass+1 or by s]vants to _! employ]s1 & ! ,,milit>y ,,salute1 ! symbol & sign ( ! milit>y pr(ession4 ,to salute ) ! h&1 fir/ assume ! position ( a soldi] or m>* at att5tion4 ,look ! (fic] y are to salute /raight 9 ! eye4 ,!n1 :5 ! prop] di/ance sep>ates y1 raise ! "r h& sm>tly till ! tip ( ! =ef+] t\*es ! l[] "p ( ! headdress or =ehead above ! "r eye1 ?umb & f+]s ext5d$ & jo9$1 palm to ! left1 =e>m incl9$ at ab\t #de1 h& & wri/ /raight4 ,cont9ue to look ! (fic] y are salut+ /raight 9 ! eye & keep y\r h& 9 ! position ( salute until ! (fic] ackn[l$ges ! salute or until he has pass$4 ,!n drop ! h& sm>tly to ! side4 ,! salute is giv5 ) ! "r h& only4 ,to salute ) ! rifle1 br+ ! rifle to "r %\ld] arms if n already !re4 ,c>ry ! left h& sm>tly to ! small ( ! /ock1 =e>m horizontal1 palm ( ! h& d[n1 ?umb & f+]s ext5d$ & jo9$1 =ef+] t\*+ ! end ( ! cock+ piece4 ,look ! (fic] salut$ 9 ! eye4 ,:5 ! (fic] has ackn[l$g$ ! salute or has pass$1 drop ! left h& sm>tly to ! side & turn ! head & eyes to ! front4 ,! rifle salute may also be execut$ f ! ord] or trail4 ,see p>agraph #id1 ,infantry ,drill ,regulations1 & p>agraph #aaa1 ,cavalry ,drill ,regulations1 #aiaf4 ,to salute ) ! pi/ol :5 drawn1 assume ! position ( ,raise ,pi/ol1 muzzle up1 ! h& hold+ ! /ock ) ! ?umb & la/ ?ree f+]s1 =ef+] outside ! gu>d1 b>rel to ! re> & incl9$ to ! front at an angle ( #cj1 h& z high z ! neck & #f in*es 9 front ( ! po9t ( ! "r %\ld]4 ,! pi/ol is c>ri$ 9 ! hol/]1 except :5 ab\t to be us$4 ,x w n be drawn = ! purpose ( salut+4 ,:5 arm$ only ) ! pi/ol 9 ! hol/]1 salute ) ! h&4 ,to salute ) ! sab]1 br+ ! sab] to c>ry sab] if n already !re1 c>ry ! sab] to ! front ) arm half ext5d$ until ! ?umb is ab\t #f in*es 9 front ( ! *91 ! blade v]tical1 gu>d to ! left1 all f\r f+]s grasp+ ! grip1 ! ?umb ext5d+ along ! back 9 ! groove1 ! f+]s press+ ! back ( ! grip aga9/ ! heel ( ! h&4 ,look ! (fic] salut$ 9 ! eye4 ,:5 ! (fic] has ackn[l$g$ ! salute or has pass$1 br+ ! sab] d[n ) ! blade aga9/ ! holl[ ( ! "r %\ld]1 gu>d to ! front1 "r h& at ! hip1 ! ?ird & f\r? f+]s on ! back ( ! grip & ! elb[ back4 ,always /& or m>* at att5tion be=e & dur+ ! salute4 ,! hat %\ld be on /raight1 coat completely button$ up1 & h&s out ( ! pockets4 ,section #g4 ,rules gov]n+ salut+4 #iab4 7#a7 ,salutes %all be ex*ang$ betwe5 (fic]s & enli/$ m5 n 9 a milit>y =mation1 nor at drill1 "w1 games1 or mess1 on e occasion ( _! meet+1 pass+ ne> or be+ address$1 ! (fic] junior 9 rank or ! enli/$ man salut+ fir/4 7#b7 ,:5 an (fic] ent]s a room :]e !re are sev]al enli/$ m5 ! ^w att5tion is giv5 by "s "o :o p]ceives him1 :5 all rise1 uncov]1 & rema9 /&+ at att5tion until ! (fic] leaves ! room or directs o!rwise4 ,enli/$ m5 at meals /op eat+ & rema9 seat$ at att5tion4 7#c7 ,an enli/$ man1 if seat$1 rises on ! approa* ( an (fic]1 faces t[>d him1 /&s at att5tion1 & salutes4 ,/&+1 he faces an (fic] = ! same purpose4 ,if ! p>ties rema9 9 ! same place or on ! same gr\nd1 su* complim5ts ne$ n be repeat$4 ,soldi]s actually at "w d n cease "w to salute an (fic] unless address$ by him4 7#d7 ,be=e address+ an (fic] an enli/$ man makes ! prescrib$ salute ) ! weapon ) :i* he is arm$1 or if un>m$1 ) ! "r h&4 ,he also makes ! same salute aft] receiv+ a reply4 #iac4 7#a7 ,9 uni=m1 cov]$ or uncov]$1 b n 9 =mation1 (fic]s & enli/$ m51 salute milit>y p]sons z foll[s3 ,) arms 9 h&1 ! salute prescrib$ = t arm 7s5t9els on int]ior gu>d duty except$72 )\t arms1 ! "r-h& salute4 7#b7 ,9 civilian dress1 cov]$ or uncov]$1 (fic]s & enli/$ m5 salute milit>y p]sons ) ! "r-h& salute4 7#c7 ,(fic]s & enli/$ m5 w1 r5d] ! prescrib$ salutes 9 a milit>y mann]1 ! (fic] junior 9 rank or ! enli/$ m5 salut+ fir/4 ,:5 sev]al (fic]s 9 company are salut$ all entitl$ to ! salute %all return x4 7#d7 ,except 9 ! field "u campaign or simulat$ campaign conditions1 a m\nt$ (fic] 7or soldi]7 dism\nts be=e address+ a sup]ior (fic] n m\nt$4 7#e7 ,a man 9 =mation %all n salute :5 directly address$1 b %all come to att5tion if at re/ or at ease4 #iad4 7#a7 ,salut+ di/ance is t )9 :i* recognition is easy4 ,9 g5]al1 x does n exce$ #cj paces4 7#b7 ,:5 an (fic] entitl$ to ! salute passes 9 re> ( a body ( troops1 x is br\ght to att5tion :ile he is opposite ! po/ ( ! comm&]4 #iae4 ,9 public conveyances1 su* z railway tra9s & /reet c>s1 & 9 public places1 su* z !at]s1 honors & p]sonal salutes may be omitt$ :5 palpably inappropriate or apt to di/urb or annoy civilians pres5t4 #ibe4 ,soldi]s at all times & 9 all situations pay ! same complim5ts to (fic]s ( ! ,army1 ,navy1 ,m>9e ,corps1 & ,volunte]s1 & to (fic]s ( ! ,national ,gu>d z to (fic]s ( _! own regim5t1 corps1 or arm ( s]vice4 #iah4 ,s5t9els on po/ do+ int]ior gu>d duty con=m to ! =ego+ pr9ciples1 b salute by pres5t+ arms :5 arm$ ) ! rifle4 ,!y w n salute if x int]f]es ) ! prop] p]=mance ( _! duties4 ,troops "u arms w salute z prescrib$ 9 drill regulations4 #iai4 7#a7 ,comm&]s ( deta*m5ts or o!r comm&s w salute (fic]s ( grades high] ?an ! p]son comm&+ ! unit by fir/ br++ ! unit to att5tion & !n salut+ z requir$ by subp>agraph 7#a71 p>agraph #iac4 ,if ! p]son salut$ is ( a junior or equal grade1 ! unit ne$ n be at att5tion 9 ! ex*ange ( salutes4 7#b7 ,if two deta*m5ts or o!r comm&s meet1 _! comm&]s w ex*ange salutes1 bo? comm&s be+ at att5tion4 #ibj4 ,salutes & honors1 z a rule1 are n paid by troops actually engag$ 9 drill1 on ! m>*1 or 9 ! field "u campaign or simulat$ campaign conditions4 ,troops on ! s]vice ( security pay no complim5ts :atev]4 #iba4 ,if ! comm& is 9 l9e at a halt 7n 9 ! field7 & arm$ ) ! rifle1 or ) sab]s drawn1 x %all be br\ght to pres5t arms or pres5t sab] be=e its comm&] salutes 9 ! foll[+ cases3 ,:5 ! ,national ,an!m is play$1 or :5 to ! color or to ! /&>d is s\nd$ dur+ c]emonies1 or :5 a p]son is salut$ :o is its imm$iate or high] comm&] or a g5]al (fic]1 or :5 ! national or regim5tal color is salut$4 #ibb4 ,at p>ades & o!r c]emonies1 "u arms1 ! comm& %all r5d] ! prescrib$ salute & %all rema9 9 ! position ( salute :ile ! ,national ,an!m is be+ play$2 also at retreat & dur+ c]emonies :5 to ! color is play$1 if no b& is pres5t4 ,if n "u arms1 ! organizations %all be br\ght to att5tion at ! fir/ note ( ! ,national ,an!m1 to ! color or to ! /&>d1 & ! salute r5d]$ by ! (fic] or noncommission$ (fic] 9 comm& z prescrib$ 9 regulations1 z am5d$ h]e94 #iaj4 ,:5ev] ! ,national ,an!m is play$ at any place :5 p]sons belong+ to ! milit>y s]vice are pres5t1 all (fic]s & enli/$ m5 n 9 =mation %all /& at att5tion fac+ t[>d ! music 7except at retreat1 :5 !y %all face t[>d ! flag74 ,if 9 uni=m1 cov]$1 !y %all salute at ! fir/ note ( ! an!m1 reta9+ ! position ( salute until ! la/ note ( ! an!m4 ,if n 9 uni=m & cov]$1 !y %all uncov] at ! fir/ note ( ! an!m1 hold+ ! headdress opposite ! left %\ld] & s rema9 until its close1 except t 9 inclem5t wea!r ! headdress may be slightly rais$4 ,! same rules apply :5 to ! color or to ! /&>d is s\nd$ z :5 ! ,national ,an!m is play$4 ,:5 play$ by an ,army b&1 ! ,national ,an!m %all be play$ ?r\gh )\t repetition ( any "p n requir$ to be repeat$ to make x complete4 ,! same m>ks ( respect prescrib$ = obs]vance dur+ ! play+ ( ! ,national ,an!m ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all be %[n t[>d ! national an!m ( any o!r c\ntry :5 play$ ^u (ficial occasions4 #iag4 ,(fic]s & enli/$ m5 pass+ ! uncas$ color w r5d] honors z foll[s3 ,if 9 uni=m1 !y w salute z requir$ by subp>agraph 7#e71 p>agraph #gei2 if 9 civilian dress & cov]$1 !y w uncov]1 hold+ ! headdress opposite ! left %\ld] ) ! "r h&2 if uncov]$1 !y w salute ) ! "r-h& salute4 ,! national flag belong+ to dism\nt$ organizations is call$ a color2 to m\nt$ organizations1 a /&>d4 ,an uncas$ color is "o t is n 9 its wat]pro( cov]4 ,privates d n salute noncommission$ (fic]s4 ,prison]s are n p]mitt$ to salute2 !y m]ely come to att5tion if n actually at "w4 ,! play+ ( ! ,national ,an!m z a "p ( a m$ley is prohibit$ 9 ! milit>y s]vice4 ,section #h4 ,c\rtesies 9 conv]sation4 ,9 speak+ to an (fic]1 always /& at att5tion & use ! ^w ,sir4 ,examples3 ,sir1 ,private ,br[n1 ,company ,b1 reports z ord]ly4 ,sir1 ! fir/ s]geant direct$ me to report to ! capta94 7,"q by an (fic]37 ,to :at company d y belong8 7,answ]37 ,company ,h1 sir4 7,"q by an (fic]37 ,has fir/ call = drill s\nd$8 7,answ]37 ,no1 sir2 or ,yes1 sir2 x s\nd$ ab\t five m9utes ago4 7,"q by an (fic]37 ,c y tell me1 please1 :]e ,major ,smi?'s t5t is8 7,answ]37 ,yes1 sir2 ,i'll take y to x4 ,use ! ?ird p]son 9 speak+ to an (fic]4 ,examples3 ,does ! ,lieut5ant wi%1 etc4 ,did ! ,capta9 s5d = me8 ,9 deliv]+ a message f "o (fic] to ano!r1 always use ! =m simil> to ! foll[+3 ,lieut5ant ,a pres5ts1 8 complim5ts to ,capta9 ,b & /ates1 etc4 ,?is =m is n us$ :5 ! p]son s5d+ or receiv+ ! message is an enli/$ man4 ,9 all (ficial conv]sation ref] to o!r soldi]s by _! titles1 ?us3 ,s]geant ,b1 ,private ,c4 #iji4 ,9 r5d]+ p]sonal honors1 :5 ! comm& pres5t arms1 (fic]s & m5 9 uni=m :o are n 9 =mation & are 9 view & )9 salut+ di/ance %all salute & %all rema9 9 ! position ( salute until ! end ( ! ruffles & fl\ri%es1 or1 if none1 until ord] arms4 7,cavalry ,drill ,regulations1 #aiaf47 ,?is extract cov]s ! conduct ( (fic]s & soldi]s :o may be 9 ! vic9ity ( troops r5d]+ honors to ! ,presid5t or o!r p]sons entitl$ to p]sonal salutes4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,arms1 ,,uni=ms1 ,,& ,,equipm5t4 ,section #a4 ,! rifle4 ,! rifle n[ us$ by ! ,army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is ! ,unit$ ,/ates magaz9e rifle1 model ( #aijc1 calib] 4#cj4 ,x is #dc4bab in*es long & weighs #h4fi p\nds4 ,! bayonet weighs #a p\nd & ! blade is #af in*es long4 ,! rifle is sight$ = ranges up to #b1hej y>ds4 ,! maximum range1 :5 elevat$ at an angle ( #de degrees1 is #d1hia y>ds 7#chi y>ds less ?an #c miles74 ,! smoo? bore ( ! rifle is #j4cj in* 9 diamet]4 ,x is !n rifl$ #j4jjd in* deep1 mak+ ! diamet] f ! bottom ( "o groove to ! bottom ( ! opposite groove #j4cjh in*4 ,! rifl+ makes "o complete turn 9 ea* #aj in*es ( ! b>rel4 ,! accompany+ plate %[s ! names ( ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ! rifle4 ,! only p>ts ( a rifle t an enli/$ man is p]mitt$ to take ap>t are ! bolt me*anism & ! magaz9e me*anism4 ,le>n h[ to d ?is f y\r squad lead]1 = y mu/ "k h[ 9 ord] to keep y\r rifle clean4 ,nev] remove ! h& gu>d or ! trigg] gu>d1 nor take ! sights ap>t unless y h special p]mission f a commission$ (fic]4 ,! c>tridge us$ = ! rifle is call$ ! 4#cj-;calib] model #aijf c>tridge4 ,!re are f\r types ( c>tridges4 ,! ball c>tridge consi/s ( ! brass case or %ell1 ! prim]1 ! *>ge ( smokeless p[d]1 & ! bullet4 ,! bullet has a %>p po9t1 is compos$ ( a lead core & a jacket ( cupro nickel1 & weighs #aej gra9s4 ,! bullet ( ?is c>tridge1 :5 fir$ f ! rifle1 />ts ) an initial velocity at ! muzzle ( #b1gjj feet p] second4 ,! blank c>tridge conta9s a pap] cup in/ead ( a bullet4 ,x x dang]\s up to #ajj feet4 ,fir+ blank c>tridges at a repres5t$ enemy at ranges less ?an #ajj y>ds is prohibit$4 ,! gu>d c>tridge has a small] *>ge ( p[d] ?an ! ball c>tridge1 & five cannelures encircle ! body ( ! %ell at ab\t ! middle to di/+ui% x f ! ball c>tridge4 ,x is int5d$ = use on gu>d or 9 riot duty1 & gives good results up to #bjj y>ds4 ,! range ( #ajj y>ds requires a sight elevation ( #dej y>ds1 & ! range ( #bjj y>ds requires an elevation ( #fej y>ds4 ,! dummy c>tridge is t9 plat$ & ! %ell is provid$ ) six longitud9al corrugations & ?ree circul> holes4 ,! prim] conta9s no p]cussion composition4 ,x is int5d$ = drill purposes to accu/om ! soldi] to ! op]ation ( load+ ! rifle4 ,all c>tridges are secur$ five 9 a clip to enable five c>tridges to be ins]t$ into ! magaz9e at "o motion4 ,sixty ball c>tridges 9 #ab clips are pack$ 9 a clo? b&ole] to facilitate issue & c>ry+4 ,:5 full ! b&ole] weighs ab\t #c4hh p\nds4 ,b&ole]s are pack$ #bj 9 a box1 or #a1bjj r\nds 9 all4 ,! full box weighs #ii p\nds4 ,section #b4 ,c>e ( ! rifle4 ,e "p ( ! rifle mu/ be kept free f ru/1 du/1 & dirt4 ,a dirty or ru/y rifle is a sure sign t ! soldi] does n realize ! value ( 8 weapon1 & t 8 tra9+ is incomplete4 ,! rifle y are arm$ ) is ! mo/ accurate 9 ! _w4 ,if x gets dirty or ru/y x w det]iorate 9 its accuracy & work+ effici5cy1 & no subsequ5t c>e w re/ore x to its orig9al condition4 ,! mo/ important "p ( ! rifle to keep clean is ! bore4 ,if1 aft] fir+1 ! bore is left dirty ov] night1 x w be badly ru/$ 9 ! morn+2 !re=e y\r rifle mu/ be clean$ n lat] ?an ! ev5+ ( ! day on :i* x 0 fir$4 ,! f\l+ ( ! blank c>tridge is z dang]\s to ! bore z ! f\l+ ( ! ball c>tridge4 ,nev] attempt to poli% any "p t is blu$4 ,if ru/ appe>s1 remove by rubb+ ) oil4 ,nev] use em]y pap]1 pomade1 or any prep>ation t cuts or scrat*es1 to clean any "p ( ! rifle4 ,to beautify & pres]ve ! /ock rub ) raw l9se$1 oil4 ,! use ( any o!r prep>ation on ! /ock is /rictly =bidd54 ,always h&le y\r rifle ) c>e4 ,don't ?r[ x ar\nd z ?\gh x 7 a club4 ,don't /& x up aga9/ any?+ s t x re/s aga9/ ! front sight4 ,don't leave a /opp] or a rag 9 ! bore2 x w cause ru/ to =m at t po9t4 ,x may also cause ! gun b>rel to bur/ if a %ot is fir$ be=e remov+ x4 ,gu>d ! sights & muzzle c>efully f any bl[ t might injure !m4 ,! front sight cov] %\ld always be on ! rifle except :5 rifle is be+ fir$4 ,?is is especially necess>y to protect ! front sight :ile rifle is be+ c>ri$ 9 scabb>d by a m\nt$ man4 ,9 com+ to ! ord] arms1 l[] ! piece g5tly to ! gr\nd4 ,:5 !re is a c>tridge 9 ! *amb] ! piece is always c>ri$ lock$4 ,9 ?is position ! safety lock %\ld be kept turn$ fully to ! "r1 s9ce if x be turn$ to ! left ne>ly to ! ready position & ! trigg] be pull$1 ! rifle w be dis*>g$ :5 ! safety lock is turn$ to ! ready position at any "t lat] on4 ,c>tridges c n be load$ f ! magaz9e unless ! bolt is drawn fully to ! re>4 ,:5 ! bolt is clos$1 or only p>tly op51 ! cut-(f may be turn$ up or d[n z desir$1 b if ! bolt is drawn fully to ! re>1 ! magaz9e c n be cut (f unless ! top c>tridge or ! foll[] be press$ d[n slightly & ! bolt pu%$ =w>d s t ! cut-(f may be turn$ (f4 ,9 ! case ( a misfire1 don't op5 ! bolt imm$iately1 z x may be a hangfire4 ,misfires are (t5 due to ! fact t ! bolt h&le 0 n fully press$ d[n4 ,sometimes 9 pull+ ! trigg] ! soldi] raises ! bolt h&le )\t kn[+ x4 ,unless o!rwise ord]$1 arms w be unload$ be=e be+ tak5 to qu>t]s or t5ts1 or z soon z ! m5 us+ !m are reliev$ f duty4 ,keep ! work+ p>ts oil$4 ,9 e troop !re %\ld be at lea/ "o copy ( ! ,manual ( ! ,ordnance ,dep>tm5t entitl$ ,description & ,rules = ! ,managem5t ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,magaz9e ,rifle4 ,?is manual gives ! "n & a cut ( e "p ( ! rifle1 expla9s its use1 %[s h[ to take ! rifle ap>t & c>e = ! same1 & also gives mu* o!r valuable & int]e/+ in=mation4 ,section #c4 ,clean+ ! rifle4 ,clean+ ! rifle4--7a7 ,! prop] c>e ( ! bore requires consci5ti\s1 c>eful "w1 b x pays well 9 ! atta9m5t ( r$uc$ labor ( clean+1 prolong$ accuracy life ( ! b>rel1 & bett] results 9 t>get practice4 ,briefly /at$1 ! c>e ( ! bore consi/s 9 remov+ ! f\l+1 result+ f fir+1 to obta9 a *emically clean surface1 & 9 coat+ ?is surface ) a film ( oil to prev5t ru/+4 ,! f\l+ :i* results f fir+ is ( two k9ds--"o1 ! products ( combu/ion ( ! p[d]2 ! o!r1 cupro-nickel scrap$ (f 7"u ! abrad+ action ( irregul>ities or grit 9 ! bore74 ,p[d] f\l+1 because ( its acid reaction1 is highly corrosive2 t is1 x w induce ru/ & mu/ be remov$4 ,metal f\l+ ( itself is inactive1 b may cov] p[d] f\l+ & prev5t ! action ( clean+ ag5ts until remov$1 & :5 accumulat$ 9 noticeable quantities x r$uces ! accuracy ( ! rifle4 7b7 ,p[d] f\l+ may be readily remov$ by scrubb+ ) hot soda solution1 b ?is solution has no effect on ! metal f\l+ ( cupro-nickel4 ,x is necess>y1 !re=e1 to remove all metal f\l+ be=e assurance c be _h t all p[d] f\l+ has be5 remov$ & t ! bore may be safely oil$4 ,normally1 aft] fir+ a b>rel 9 good condition ! metal f\l+ is s slight z to be h>dly p]ceptible4 ,x is m]ely a sme> ( inf9itesimal ?ickness1 easily remov$ by solv5ts ( cupro-nickel4 ,h[ev]1 due to pitt+1 ! pres5ce ( du/1 o!r abrasives1 or to accumulation1 metal f\l+ may occur 9 cle>ly visible flakes or pat*es ( mu* great] ?ickness1 mu* m difficult to remove4 7c7 ,9 clean+ ! bore aft] fir+ x is well to proce$ z foll[s3 ,swab out ! bore ) soda solution 7subp>agraph j7 to remove p[d] f\l+4 ,a conv5i5t me?od is to ins]t ! muzzle ( ! rifle into ! c conta9+ ! soda solution &1 ) ! clean+ rod ins]t$ f ! bree*1 pump ! b>rel full a few times4 ,remove & dry ) a c\ple ( pat*es4 ,exam9e ! bore to see t !re are 9 evid5ce no pat*es ( metal f\l+ :i*1 if pres5t1 c be readily detect$ by ! nak$ eye1 !n swab out ) ! swabb+ solution--a dilute metal-f\l+ solution 7subp>agraph j74 ,! am\nt ( swabb+ requir$ ) ! swabb+ solution c be det]m9$ only by exp]i5ce1 assi/$ by ! color ( ! pat*es4 ,swabb+ %\ld be cont9u$1 h[ev]1 z long z ! wip+ pat* is discolor$ by a blui%-gre5 /a94 ,normally a c\ple ( m9utes' "w is suffici5t4 ,dry ?or\ghly & oil4 7d7 ,! prop] me?od ( oil+ a b>rel is z foll[s2 ,wipe ! clean+ rod dry2 select a clean pat* & ?or\ghly saturate x ) sp]m oil or w>m$ cosmic1 be+ sure t ! cosmic has p5etrat$ ! pat*2 scrub ! bore ) ! pat*1 f9ally draw+ ! pat* smoo?ly f ! muzzle to ! bree*1 all[+ ! clean+ rod to turn ) ! rifl+4 ,! bore w be f\nd n[ to be smoo? & bright s t any subsequ5t ru/ & sweat+ c be easily detect$ by inspection4 7e7 ,if pat*es ( metal f\l+ are se5 ^u visual inspection ( ! bore ! /&>d metal f\l+ solution prep>$ z h]e9aft] prescrib$ mu/ be us$4 ,aft] scrubb+ out ) ! soda solution1 plug ! bore f ! bree* ) a cork at ! front end ( ! *amb] or :]e ! rifl+ beg9s4 ,slip a #b-;in* section ( rubb] hose ov] ! muzzle d[n to ! sight & fill ) ! /&>d solution to at lea/ "o-half in* above ! muzzle ( ! b>rel4 ,let x /& = #cj m9utes1 p\r out ! /&>d solution1 remove hose & bree* plug1 & swab out ?or\ghly ) soda solution to neutralize & remove all trace ( ammonia & p[d] f\l+4 ,wipe ! b>rel clean1 dry1 & oil4 ,) few exceptions1 "o application is suffici5t1 b if all f\l+ is n remov$1 z det]m9$ by c>eful visual inspection ( ! bore & ( ! wip+ pat*es1 repeat z describ$ above4 7f7 ,aft] prop]ly clean+ ) ei!r ! swabb+ solution or ! /&>d solution1 z has j be5 describ$1 ! bore %\ld be clean & safe to oil & put away1 b z a measure ( safety a pat* %\ld always be run ?r\gh ! bore on ! next day & ! bore & wip+ pat* exam9$ to insure t clean+ has be5 prop]ly accompli%$4 ,! bore %\ld !n be oil$1 z describ$ above4 7g7 ,if ! swabb+ solution or ! /&>d metal-f\l+ solution is n available1 ! b>rel %\ld be scrubb$1 z already describ$1 ) ! soda solution1 dri$1 & oil$ ) a light oil4 ,at ! end ( #bd h\rs x %\ld aga9 be clean$1 :5 x w usually be f\nd to h sweat$2 t is1 ru/ hav+ =m$ "u ! sme> ( metal f\l+ :]e p[d] f\l+ 0 pres5t1 ! surface is puff$ up4 ,usually a second clean+ is suffici5t1 b to insure safety x %\ld be aga9 exam9$ at ! end ( a few days1 be=e f9al oil+4 ,! swabb+ solution %\ld always be us$1 if available1 = x mu/ be rememb]$ t ea* puff :5 ! bore sweats is an incipi5t ru/ pit4 7h7 ,a4 clean dry surface hav+ be5 obta9$1 to prev5t ru/ x is necess>y to coat e portion ( ?is surface ) a film ( neutral oil4 ,if ! protection requir$ is b tempor>y & ! arm is to be clean$ or fir$ 9 a few days1 sp]m oil may be us$4 ,?is is easily appli$ & easily remov$1 b has n suffici5t body to hold its surface = m ?an a few days4 ,if rifles are to be prep>$ = /orage or %ipm5t1 a heavi] oil1 su* z cosmic1 mu/ be us$4 7i7 ,9 prep>+ arms = /orage or %ipm5t !y %\ld be clean$ ) p>ticul> c>e1 us+ ! metal-f\l+ solution z describ$ above4 ,c>e %\ld be tak51 insur$ by c>eful inspection on succe$+ day or days1 t ! clean+ is prop]ly done & all traces ( ammonia solution remov$4 ,! bore is !n ready to be coat$ ) cosmic4 ,at ord9>y temp]atures cosmic is n fluid4 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 to insure t e "p ( ! surface is coat$ ) a film ( oil ! cosmic %\ld be w>m$4 ,apply ! cosmic fir/ ) a bru%2 !n1 ) ! bree* plugg$1 fill ! b>rel to ! muzzle1 p\r out ! surplus1 remove ! bree*block1 & all[ to dra94 ,x is believ$ t m rifles are ru9$ by improp] prep>ation = /orage ?an f any o!r cause4 ,if1 ! bore is n clean :5 oil$--t is1 if p[d] f\l+ is pres5t or ru/ has />t$--a half in* ( cosmic on ! outside w n /op its action1 & ! b>rel w be ru9$4 ,rememb] t ! surface mu/ be p]fectly clean$ be=e ! heavy oil is appli$4 ,if ! in/ructions z giv5 above are c>efully foll[$1 arms may be /or$ = ye>s )\t h>m4 7j7 ,prep>ation ( solutions3 ,soda solution4--,?is %\ld be a saturat$ solution ( sal soda 7bic>bonate ( soda74 ,a /r5g? ( at lea/ #bj p] c5t is necess>y4 ,! spoon ref]r$ to 9 ! foll[+ directions is ! model #aiaj spoon issu$ 9 ! mess outfit4 ,sal soda1 "o-f\r? p\nd1 or f\r 7#d7 heap+ spoonfuls4 ,wat]1 #a p9t or cup1 model ( #aiaj1 to upp] rivets4 ,! sal soda w dissolve m readily 9 hot wat]4 ,swabb+ solution4--,ammonium p]sulphate1 #fj gra9s1 "o-half spoonful smoo!d (f4 ,ammonia1 #bh p] c5t1 #f ounces1 or ?ree-eigh?s ( a p9t1 or #ab spoonfuls4 ,wat]1 #d ounces1 or "o-f\r? p9t1 or #h spoonfuls4 ,dissolve ! ammonium p]sulphate 9 ! wat] & add ! ammonia4 ,keep 9 tightly cork$ bottle2 p\r out only :at is necess>y at ! "t1 & keep ! bottle cork$4 ,/&>d metal f\l+ solution4--,ammonium p]sulphate1 #a ounce1 or #b m$ium heap+ spoonfuls4 ,ammonium c>bonate1 #bjj gra9s1 or #a heap+ spoonful4 ,ammonia1 #bh p] c5t1 #f ounces1 or ?ree-eigh?s p9t1 or #ab spoonfuls4 ,wat]1 #d ounces1 or "o-f\r? p9t1 or #h spoonfuls4 ,p[d] ! p]sulphate & c>bonate toge!r1 dissolve 9 ! wat] & add ! ammonia2 mix ?or\ghly & all[ to /& = "o h\r be=e us+4 ,x %\ld be kept 9 a /rong bottle1 tightly cork$4 ,! solution %\ld n be us$ m ?an twice1 & us$ solution %\ld n be mix$ ) unus$ solution1 b %\ld be bottl$ sep>ately4 ,! solution1 :5 mix$1 %\ld be us$ )9 #cj days4 ,c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 mix+ & us+ ?is solution to prev5t injury to ! rifle4 ,an exp]i5c$ noncommission$ (fic] %\ld mix ! solution & sup]9t5d its use4 ,nei!r ( ^! ammonia solutions h any appreciable action on /eel :5 n expos$ to ! air1 b ,if all[$ to evaporate on /eel !y attack x rapidly4 ,c>e %\ld1 !re=e1 be tak5 t none spills on ! me*anism & t ! b>rel is wa%$ out promptly ) soda solution4 ,! fir/ application ( soda solution removes ! great] portion ( ! p[d] f\l+ & p]mits a m effective & economical use ( ! ammonia solution4 ,^! ammonia solutions are exp5sive & %\ld be us$ economically4 7k7 ,x is a fact recogniz$ by all t a highly poli%$ /eel surface-ru/s1 mu* less easily ?an "o :i* is r\gh5$2 also t a b>rel :i* is pitt$ f\ls mu* m rapidly ?an "o :i* is smoo?4 ,e ef=t1 !re=e1 %\ld be made to prev5t ! =mation ( pits1 :i* are m]ely enl>g$ ru/ spots1 & :i* n only affect ! accuracy ( ! arm b increase ! labor ( clean+4 7l7 ,! *amb]s ( rifles are frequ5tly neglect$ because !y are n readily inspect$4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to see t !y are clean$ z ?or\ghly z ! bore4 ,a r\gh5$ *amb] delays greatly ! rapidity ( fire1 & n infrequ5tly causes %ells to /ick4 7m7 ,a clean+ rack %\ld be provid$ = e b>rack4 ,rifles %\ld always be clean$ f ! brea*1 ?us avoid+ possible injury to ! rifl+ at ! muzzle1 :i* w\ld affect ! %ott+ adv]sely4 ,if ! bore = a l5g? ( #f in*es at ! muzzle is p]fect1 a m9or injury ne> ! *amb] w h little effect on ! accuracy ( ! rifle4 ,! rifle %\ld be clean$ z soon z ! fir+ = ! day is complet$4 ,! f\l+ is easi] to remove !n1 & if left long] x w corrode ! b>rel4 7n7 ,! pr9ciples z outl9$ above apply equally well = ! c>e ( ! b>rel ( ! automatic pi/ol4 ,special att5tion %\ld be paid to clean+ ! *amb] ( ! pi/ol1 us+ ! soda solution4 ,x has be5 f\nd t ! *amb] pits readily if x is n c>efully clean$1 ) ! result t ! op]ation ( ! pi/ol is made less c]ta94 7,p>1 #acd1 ,small ,arms ,fir+ ,manual1 #aiac47 ,section #d4 ,uni=ms4 ,uni=ms & clo?+ issu$ to enli/$ m5 mu/ n be sold1 pawn$1 loan$1 giv5 away1 lo/1 or damag$ ?r\gh neglect or c>elessness4 ,any soldi] :o violates ?is rule may be tri$ by a milit>y c\rt & puni%$4 ,all uni=ms & articles ( clo?+ issu$ to enli/$ m51 :e!r or n *>g$ on _! clo?+ all[ance1 rema9 ! prop]ty ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & d n become ! prop]ty ( ! soldi] ei!r be=e or aft] dis*>ge f ! s]vice4 ,"u ! law a soldi] honorably dis*>g$ f ! ,army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is au?oriz$ to we> 8 uni=m f ! place ( 8 dis*>ge to 8 home )9 ?ree mon?s aft] ! date ( su* dis*>ge4 ,to we> ! uni=m aft] ?ree mon?s f ! date ( su* dis*>ge r5d]s su* p]son liable to f9e or imprisonm5t1 or bo?4 ,! dress uni=m dism\nt$ 7! blue uni=m7 consi/s ( ! dress cap1 dress coat1 dress tr\s]s1 & russet-lea!r %oes4 ,! /raight1 /&+1 milit>y1 :ite l95 coll>1 %[+ no op5+ 9 front1 is always worn ) ?is uni=m1 ) n to exce$ "o-half in* %[+ above ! coll> ( ! coat4 ,turnd[n1 piccadilly1 or roll coll>s are n au?oriz$4 ,:5 "u arms1 :ite gloves & ! g>rison belt are worn4 ,! dress uni=m m\nt$ is ! same z dism\nt$1 except t rid+ gloves1 legg+s1 & spurs are worn1 & ! saddle clo?1 %[+ regim5tal numb] & troop lett]1 is plac$ ov] ! saddle blanket4 ,! full-dress uni=m is ! same z ! dress uni=m1 ) ! brea/ cord add$4 ,! s]vice uni=m is ei!r cotton 7summ]7 or wool5 7w9t]7 olive drab4 ,= duty 9 ! field x consi/s ( ! s]vice hat1 ) cord sew$ on1 s]vice coat or sweat]1 s]vice bree*es1 olive-drab flannel %irt1 legg+s1 russet-lea!r %oes1 spurs1 rid+ gloves1 & id5tification tag4 ,9 cold wea!r olive-drab wool5 gloves may be prescrib$4 ,9 w>m wea!r ! coat1 sweat]1 & rid+ gloves may be omitt$ :5 au?oriz$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 ,:5 n 9 ! field1 ! s]vice cap is worn in/ead ( ! campaign hat4 ,"u arms1 dism\nt$1 :ite gloves & ! g>rison belt 7or russet-lea!r belt & c>tridge box7 are worn4 ,spurs & rid+ gloves are worn on all m\nt$ duty or :5 on m\nt$ pass4 ,we> ! exact uni=m prescrib$ by y\r comm&+ (fic]1 :e!r y are on duty or (f duty4 ,nev] we> a mix$ uni=m z1 = in/ance1 a "p ( ! s]vice uni=m ) ! blue uni=m4 ,nev] we> any "p ( ! uni=m ) civilian clo!s4 ,x is v unsoldi]ly1 = example1 to we> a civilian ov]coat ov] ! uni=m or to we> ! uni=m ov]coat ov] a civilian suit4 ,keep ! uni=m clean & neat & 9 good repair4 ,grease spots & du/ & dirt %\ld be remov$ z soon z possible4 ,rips & te>s %\ld be promptly m5d$4 ,9 tak+ ! field always we> new clo?+ z x may be "s "t be=e y are aga9 suppli$1 & old clo?+ on field s]vice goes to pieces rapidly4 ,miss+ buttons & cap & coll> ornam5ts %\ld be promptly replac$4 ,!re is b "o correct & soldi]ly way to we> ! cap4 ,nev] we> x on ! back or side ( ! head4 ,! s]vice hat %\ld be worn 9 ! regulation %ape1 peak$1 ) f\r ind5tations1 & ) hat cord sew$ on4 ,d n cov] x ) p5 or p5cil m>ks4 ,! *9 cord %\ld always be 9 ord] & fit = long field s]vice4 ,nev] appe> outside y\r room or t5t ) y\r coat or olive-drab %irt unbutton$ or coll> ( coat unhook$4 ,*evrons1 s]vice /ripes1 & campaign m$als & badges are a "p ( ! uni=m & mu/ be worn z prescrib$4 ,:5 coats are n worn ) ! s]vice uni=m olive-drab %irts are prescrib$4 ,susp5d]s mu/ nev] be worn expos$ to view4 ,nev] appe> 9 bree*es )\t legg+s4 ,lea!r legg+s %\ld be kept clean4 ,saddle soap %\ld be us$ to clean all lea!r4 ,%\ld ! %oes1 legg+s1 or lea!r equipm5t be soak$ by ra9 or swimm+ !y w n become h>d if cov]$ ) a light coat ( neat's-foot oil appli$ j be=e !y dry out4 ,all new lea!r %\ld be oil$ be=e be+ plac$ 9 s]vice4 ,lea!r c be pres]v$ = ye>s by ! use ( saddle soap & neat's-foot oil1 b once x becomes h>d & crack$ no?+ w make x s]viceable4 ,canvas legg+s %\ld be scrubb$ :5 dirty4 ,russet-lea!r 7tan7 %oes %\ld be kept clean4 ,lea!r clean$ ) saddle soap c be poli%$ by rubb+ ) a flannel clo?4 ,! ov]coat :5 worn mu/ be button$ ?r\gh\t & ! coll> hook$4 ,:5 ! belt is worn x w be worn outside ! ov]coat4 ,section #e4 ,! s]vice kit4 ,! s]vice kit is compos$ ( two p>ts--7a7 ! field kit1 :i* includes ev]y?+ ! soldi] we>s or c>ries ) him 9 ! field1 & 7b7 ! surplus kit4 ,! field kit consi/s (-- 7#a7 ,! clo?+ worn on ! p]son4 7#b7 ,arms & equipm5t1 consi/+ (-- 7a7 ,arms & equipm5ts ( all enli/$ m5 7except bugl]s & memb]s ( b&s & ma*9e-gun troops73 #a bru% & ?ong4#a #a cante51 cavalry4#b #a cante5 /rap1 cavalry4#b #ij c>tridges1 ball1 calib] 4#cj #ba c>tridges1 ball1 pi/ol1 calib] 4#de4 #a c>tridge belt1 calib] 4#cj1 cavalry4 #a c>tridge-belt susp5d]s1 pair4 #a cup #a =k4 #a front-sight cov] #a gun sl+4 #a knife4 #b magaz9es1 pi/ol1 extra4 #a magaz9e pocket web1 d\ble #a meat c #a oil] & ?ong case4#a4 #a pi/ol #a pi/ol hol/]4 #a p\* = fir/-aid packet4 #a rifle scabb>d4 #a rifle1 ,unit$ ,/ates1 calib] 4#cj4 #a sab] & scabb>d1 cavalry4 #a sab] knot4 #a sab] /raps1 pair4 #a spoon4 #a spurs1 pair4 #a spur /raps1 set4 7b7 ,memb]s ( b&s & bugl]s3 #a cante51 cavalry4#b #a cante5 /rap1 cavalry4#b #ba c>tridges1 ball1 pi/ol1 calib] 4#de4 #a cup4 #a =k4 #a knife4 #b magaz9es1 pi/ol1 extra4 #a meat c4 #a pi/ol belt )\t sab] r+4 #a pi/ol4 #a pi/ol hol/]4 #a p\* = fir/-aid packet4 #a spoon4 #a spurs1 pair4 #a spur /raps1 set4 7c7 ,9 addition to 7b7 fir/ s]geant ( headqu>t]s troop 7drum major7 w h3 #a sab] & scabb>d1 cavalry1 #b sab] /raps4 #a sab] knot4 7d7 ,= memb]s ( ma*9e-gun troops1 except t bugl]s atta*$ to ma*9e-gun troops 7only7 w h #a pi/ol belt )\t sab] r+ 9 lieu ( #a c>tridge belt1 #a c>tridge-belt susp5d]s1 pair1 & #a magaz9e pocket1 web1 d\ble3 #a bolo4 #a bolo scabb>d4 #a cante51 cavalry4#d #a cante5 /rap1 cavalry4#d #ba c>tridges1 ball1 pi/ol1 calib] 4#de4 #a c>tridge belt1 calib] 4#cj1 cavalry4 #a c>tridge-belt susp5d]s1 pair4 #a cup4 #a =k4 #a knife4 #b magaz9es1 pi/ol1 extra4 #a magaz9e pocket1 web1 d\bles4 #a meat c4 #a pi/ol4 #a pi/ol hol/]4 #a p\* = fir/-aid packet4 #a spoon4 #a spurs1 pair4 #a spur /raps1 set4 7e7 ,horse equipm5ts = ea* enli/$ man individually m\nt$ on a horse3 #a bridle1 cavalry1 model ( #aiji or #aiab1 or curb bridle1 model ( #aijb4 #a bridle1 wat]+1 if curb bridle model ( #aijb is issu$4 #a currycomb4 #a halt] head/all4 #a halt] tie rope4 #a horse bru%4 #a l>iat4 #a l>iat /rap4 #a l9k #a nose bag1 or fe$ bag 7) gra9 bag74 #a picket p94 #a saddle1 cavalry1 complete4#c #a saddlebags1 pair4 #a saddle blanket4 #a surc+le4 ,footnote #a3 ,to be omitt$ if rifle is provid$ ) sp>e-"p conta9]4 ,footnote #b3 ,9 lieu ( ^! ! cante51 model ( #aiaj1 ) cante5 cov]1 dism\nt$1 may be issu$4 ,footnote #c3 ,"o saddle = ea* troop & ! saddles = ! #b color s]geants are to be provid$ ) a guidon /irrup4 ,footnote #d3 ,9 lieu ( ^! ! cante51 model ( #aiaj1 ) cante5 cov]1 dism\nt$1 may be issu$4 ,c>e ( saddl]y4 7,cav4 ,drill ,reg4 #aiaf47 #ige4 ,! saddl]y & equipm5t mu/ always be clean$ aft] use4 ,?is duty1 l ! c>e ( ! horse1 is to be reg>d$ z "p ( ! m\nt$ duty itself2 ?us a drill is n ov] until horse1 saddl]y1 arms1 & equipm5ts h be5 put aga9 9 condition4 ,accord+ to ne$1 ! lea!r is simply wip$ (f ) a damp sponge or fully tak5 ap>t & well soap$ & clean$4 ,9 no case mu/ x be soak$ 9 wat]4 ,if ! soap us$ does n conta9 a suffici5t am\nt ( free oil ! lea!r mu/ be oil$ to keep x pliable4 ,a mixture ( "o-half neat's-foot oil & "o-half mutton tall[1 well rubb$ 91 keeps lea!r 9 good condition4 ,special c>e is tak5 to keep ! und]side ( ! skirts ( ! saddle & ! p>ts :i* d n come 9 contact ) ! clo?+ well oil$4 ,! seat & outside ( ! skirts w r>ely require oil4 ,metal p>ts are kept clean & free f ru/2 !y may require oil+ if n regul>ly us$4 ,! saddle blanket mu/ be kept clean & s(t & free f wr9kles4 ,aft] use x mu/ be dri$ & !n well %ak5 7unfold$74 ,x mu/ nev] be fold$ wet & left ?us ) ! saddle4 ,provision w be made 9 ! saddle room or /ables = hang+ x up to dry4 ,:5 necess>y ! blanket %\ld be ?or\ghly cleans$ by repeat$ imm]sions 9 tepid soapsuds & hung ov] a pole or l9e to dry )\t wr++ or press+ x4 ,section #f4 ,! surplus kit4 ,! surplus kit = ea* man consi/s (-- #a bree*es1 pair4 #a draw]s1 pair4 #a %irt1 olive drab4 #a %oes1 russet-lea!r1 pair4 #b /ock+s1 pair4 #a und]%irt4 #a %oe laces1 extra1 pair4 ,ea* surplus kit bag conta9s #a jo9t$ clean+ rod & case4 ,squad lead]s are responsible t surplus kit bags are kept 9 ord] & fully pack$ 9 ! field4#e ,m5 are all[$ access to !m = ! purpose ( mak+ sub/itutions4 ,! surplus kits are pack$ 9 surplus kit bags1 "o = ea* squad1 "o = s]geants1 & "o = cooks & bugl]s4 ,! kit ( ea* man w be pack$ z foll[s3 ,/ock+s to be roll$ tightly1 "o pair 9 ! toe ( ea* %oe2 %oes plac$ toge!r1 heels at opposite ends1 soles outw>d1 wrapp$ tightly 9 und]we>1 & bundle securely ti$ ar\nd ! middle by ! extra pair ( ! %oe laces1 ea* bundle to be tagg$ ) ! company numb] ( ! own]4 ,^! individual kits w be pack$ 9 ! surplus kit bag 9 two lay]s ( f\r kits ea*1 ! bree*es & olive drab %irts to be neatly fold$ & pack$ on ! top & sides ( ! lay]s1 ! jo9t$ clean+ rod & case1 provid$ = ea* squad1 be+ atta*$ by ! ?ongs on ! inside ( ! bag4 ,:5 ov]coats or sweat]s are n prescrib$ to be worn on ! p]son !y w be collect$ into bundles ( conv5i5t size & secur$ by burlap or o!r suitable mat]ial1 or w be box$4 ,!y w be m>k$ ready = %ipm5t to be =w>d$ :5 requir$4#e ,footnote #e3 ,9 campaign or simulat$ campaign1 :5 an organization is re/rict$ to its prescrib$ field-tra9 transportation1 surplus kits1 ov]coats1 & sweat]s are /or$ on ! l9e ( communications or o!r designat$ place ) ! p]man5t camp equipm5t ( ! organization4 ,section #g4 ,assembl+ equipm5t4 ,,to ,,make ,,! ,,blanket ,,roll4 ,spread ! %elt] half1 triangul> "p to ! "r1 buttons und]nea?4 ,fold triangul> "p across %elt] half1 mak+ a rectangle4 ,fold blanket ?r\gh c5t]1 p>allel to /ripes2 fold aga9 ?r\gh c5t] p]p5dicul> to /ripes4 ,lay fold$ blanket on %elt] half1 long] side ( blanket p>allel to & #a in* f edge ( %elt] half opposite /raps & equidi/ant f sides4 ,place t5t1 pole1 fold$1 close to & p>allel to ne> edge ( blanket1 end ( pole flu% ) left side ( blanket2 p9s & t5t rope to be simil>ly plac$ at "r side ( blanket1 occupy+ ab\t ! same space z pole4 ,arrange ! clo?+ & toilet articles on "r & left sides ( blanket1 leav+ c5t] space cle>4 ,fold ! free portions ( ! "r & left sides ( %elt] half ov] ! blanket4 ,fold ! f> edge ( ! %elt] half #f in*es t[>d ! blanket1 mak+ a pocket4 ,) h&s & knees roll ! blanket & %elt] half t[>d & into ! pocket4 ,buckle /raps ar\nd roll1 /rap buckles on l9e ) %elt] half buttons4 ,,roll ,,! ,,ov]coat ,,& ,,slick]4 ,turn ! g>m5t inside out1 coll> ext5d$1 & fold once ! long way4 ,roll tightly f ! front edge1 mak+ roll ! full l5g? ( g>m5t4 ,,to ,,pack ,,! ,mc,c,l,e,l,l,a,n ,,saddle4 ,put saddle pockets on saddle2 fa/5 /raps to c9*a r+s4 ,place articles p]ta9+ to ! man 9 ne> pocket1 ^? p]ta9+ to ! horse 9 (f pocket4 ,! ov]coat1 slick]1 or bo?1 to be /rapp$ on pommel1 coll> to left4 ,blanket roll to be /rapp$ on cantle4 ,fe$ bag1 if empty1 neatly fold$ on top ( roll1 ,u4 ,s4 up4 ,if gra9 is c>ri$1 ! gra9 bag is ti$ inside ! fe$ bag1 :i* is /rapp$ on top ( ! pommel roll1 above ! ov]coat or slick]4 ,l>iat1 9 uni=m coils ( ab\t #aj-;in* diamet]1 fa/5$ to ne> cantle r+ by l>iat /rap fa/5$ to "o r+ & pass+ ?r\gh ! o!r2 coil secur$ by two outside /raps ( saddle pocket flap4 ,to prev5t flapp+ & injur+ adjac5t troop]s & horses ! picket p9 may be ins]t$ ?r\gh ! saddlebag /rap r+1 po9t d[nw>d1 or x may be plac$ horizontally "u ! flap /raps ( ! ne> saddlebag1 po9t to ! re>4 ,cante5 snapp$ into (f cantle r+1 cante5 /rap pass+ ?r\gh h&le ( cup1 except ! cup model #aiaj1 :i* is fitt$ ov] ! bottom ( ! cante51 model #aiaj1 inside ! cov]4 ,rifle on ne> side2 sab] on (f side1 atta*$ to pommel r+4 ,! surc+le is buckl$ ov] ! saddle4 ,! two extra fitt$ horse%oes1 "o front & "o h9d1 may be wir$1 "o on bottom ( ea* /irrup1 or !y may be fa/5$ toge!r ) a nail & c>ri$ 9 (f saddle pocket4 ,to prev5t ru/ ! horse%oe nails %\ld always be well oil$ & wrapp$ 9 canvas or lea!r4 ,!y are c>ri$ 9 ! (f saddle pocket4 ,! two res]ve rations1 extra ammunition1 & o!r extra articles %\ld be s di/ribut$ betwe5 ! two pockets z to balance ! weight on ! horse4 ,illu/ration3 ,mc,c,l,e,l,l,a,n ,,saddle4 ,full pack1 ne> side4 ,illu/ration3 ,mc,c,l,e,l,l,a,n ,,saddle4 ,full pack1 (f side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,equipm5t ,,arrang$ ,,= ,,inspection4 ,! arrangem5t %\ld be uni=m 9 ea* regim5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%elt] ,,t5t ,,& ,,equipm5t ,,arrang$ ,,= ,,inspection4 ,! arrangem5t %\ld be uni=m 9 ea* regim5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,b4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,rations ,,& ,,=age4 ,section #a4 ,! ration4 ,a ration is ! all[ance ( food = "o man = "o day4 ,9 ! field !re are ?ree k9ds ( rations issu$1 z foll[s3 ,! g>rison ration is int5d$ to be issu$ 9 k9d :5ev] possible4 ,! approximate net weight ( ?is ration is #d4e p\nds4 ,! res]ve ration is ! simple/ effici5t ration1 & con/itutes ! res]ve c>ri$ = field s]vice4 ,x consi/s (-- ,ounces4 ,bacon #ab ,h>d bread #af ,c(fee1 roa/$ & gr\nd #a4ab ,sug> #b4d ,salt 4#af ------ ,approximate net weight p\nds #b ,! field ration is ! ration prescrib$ 9 ord]s by ! comm&] ( ! field =ces4 ,x consi/s ( ! res]ve ration1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 supplem5t$ by articles requisition$ or pur*as$ locally or %ipp$ f ! re>4 ,9 campaign a comm& c>ries z a "p ( its normal equipm5t ! foll[+ rations3 7a7 ,on ea* man3 ,at lea/ two days' res]ve rations4 7b7 ,9 ! ration section ( ! field tra91 = ea* man3 ,two days' field & "o day's res]ve1 & = ea* animal two days' gra9 rations4 7c7 ,9 ! supply tra93 ,( an infantry division1 two days' field & gra9 rations4 ,( a cavalry division1 "o day's field & gra9 rations4 ,9 addition to ! =ego+1 comm&]s w require ea* man on ! m>* to c>ry ! unconsum$ portion ( ! day's ration issu$ ! night be=e = ! noonday meal4 ,9 ! same mann]1 cavalry & field artill]y c>ry on _! horses a portion ( _! gra9 ration issu$ ! night be=e = a noonday fe$4 ,res]ve rations are consum$ only 9 case ( extreme necessity1 :5 o!r supplies are n available4 ,!y are n to be consum$ or r5ew$ )\t an express ord] f ! (fic] 9 comm& ( ! troops :o is responsible = ! provision ( supplies1 namely1 ! division comm&] or o!r indep5d5t-deta*m5t comm&]4 ,e (fic] )9 ! limits ( 8 comm& is held responsible = ! en=cem5t ( ?is regulation4 ,res]ve rations consum$ mu/ be replac$ at ! fir/ opportunity4 ,section #b4 ,individual cook+4 ,sometimes rations = sev]al days are issu$ to ! soldi] at "o "t1 & 9 su* cases y %\ld be v c>eful to s use ! rations t !y w la/ y ! entire p]iod4 ,if y /uff y\rself "o day1 or wa/e y\r rations1 y w h to />ve lat] on4 ,g5]ally ! cook+ = ! troop w be done by ! troop cook1 b sometimes e soldi] w h to prep>e 8 own meals1 us+ only 8 field mess kit = ! purpose4 ,! be/ fire = individual cook+ is a small1 cle> "o1 or1 bett] yet1 a few brisk coals4 ,to make su* a fire1 fir/ ga!r a numb] ( /icks ab\t #a in* 9 diamet]4 ,^! %\ld be dry4 ,dead limbs adh]+ to a tree are dry] ?an ^? pick$ up f ! gr\nd4 ,split "s ( ^! & %ave !m up into k9dl+4 ,dig a tr5* 9 ! gr\nd1 laid ) ! w9d1 ab\t a foot long1 #d in*es wide1 & #f in*es deep4 ,/>t ! fire 9 ?is tr5* gradually1 pil+ on ! heavi] wood z ! fire gr[s4 ,:5 ! tr5* is full ( burn+ wood1 all[ x a few m9utes to burn d[n to coals & /op blaz+ high4 ,!n re/ ! meat c & cup ov] ! tr5* & />t cook+4 ,ei!r may be support$1 if necess>y1 ) gre5 /icks4 ,if y c n scrape a tr5* 9 ! soil1 build "o up out ( rocks or ) two p>allel logs4 ,! foll[+ recipes h be5 furni%$ f ! (fice ( ! ,qu>t]ma/] ,g5]al1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army3 ,c(fee4--,fill ! cup two-?irds full ( wat] & br+ to a boil4 ,add "o heap+ spoonful ( c(fee & /ir well1 add+ "o spoonful ( sug> if desir$4 ,boil five m9utes & !n set x to ! side ( ! fire to simm] = ab\t #aj m9utes4 ,!n1 to cle> ! c(fee1 ?r[ 9 a spoonful or two ( cold wat]4 ,?is c(fee is ( m$ium /r5g? & is )9 ! limit ( ! ration if made b twice a day4 ,cocoa4--,take two-?irds ( a cupful ( wat]1 br+ to a boil1 add "o heap+ spoonful ( cocoa1 & /ir until dissolv$4 ,add "o spoonful ( sug>1 if desir$1 & boil = five m9utes4 ,*ocolate4--,take two-?irds ( a cupful ( wat]1 br+ to a boil1 add a piece ( *ocolate ab\t ! size ( a hickory nut1 break+ or cutt+ x into small pieces & /irr+ until dissolv$4 ,add "o spoonful ( sug>1 if desir$1 & boil = five m9utes4 ,tea4--,take two-?irds ( a cupful ( wat]1 br+ to a boil1 add "o-half ( a level spoonful ( tea1 & !n let x /& or draw = ?ree m9utes4 ,if all[$ to /& long] ! tea w get bitt]1 unless sep>at$ f ! tea leaves4 ,,meats4 ,bacon4--,cut slices ab\t five to ! in*1 ?ree ( :i* %\ld g5]ally be suffici5t = "o man = "o meal4 ,place 9 a meat c ) ab\t "o-half in* ( cold wat]4 ,let come to a boil & !n p\r ! wat] (f4 ,fry ov] a brisk fire1 turn+ ! bacon once & quickly br[n+ x4 ,remove ! bacon to lid ( meat c1 leav+ ! grease = fry+ potatoes1 onions1 rice1 flapjacks2 etc41 accord+ to recipe4 ,fre% meat 7to fry74--,to fry1 a small am\nt ( grease 7"o to two spoonfuls7 ,is ,necess>y4 ,put grease 9 ! meat c & let come to a smok+ temp]ature1 !n drop 9 ! /eak &1 if ab\t "o-half in* ?ick1 let fry = ab\t "o m9ute be=e turn+1 dep5d+ ^u :e!r x is desir$ x %all be r>e1 m$ium1 or well done4 ,!n turn & fry briskly z be=e4 ,salt & pepp] to ta/e4 ,applies to beef1 veal1 pork1 mutton1 v5ison1 etc4 ,fre% meat 7to broil74--,cut 9 slices ab\t "o in* ?ick1 f half z l>ge z ! h& to f\r times t size4 ,%>p5 a /ick or bran* ( conv5i5t l5g?--say1 f two to f\r feet long--& weave ! po9t ( ! /ick ?r\gh ! /eak sev]al times1 s t x may be readily turn$ ov] a few brisk coals or on ! w9dw>d side ( a small fire4 ,all[ to br[n nicely1 turn+ frequ5tly4 ,salt & pepp] to ta/e4 ,meat ) consid]able fat is pref]r$1 ?\gh any meat may be broil$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,fre% meat 7to /ew74--,cut into *unks f "o-half in* to "o in* cubes4 ,fill cup ab\t "o-?ird full ( meat & cov] ) ab\t "o in* ( wat]4 ,let boil or simm] ab\t "o h\r1 or until t5d]4 ,add su* fibr\s vegetables z c>rots turnips1 or cabbage1 cut into small *unks1 soon aft] ! meat is put on to boil1 & potatoes1 onions1 or o!r t5d] vegetables :5 ! meat is ab\t half done4 ,am\nt ( vegetables to be add$1 ab\t ! same z meat1 dep5d+ ^u supply & ta/e4 ,salt & pepp] to ta/e4 ,applies to all fre% meat & f[ls4 ,! proportion ( meat & vegetables us$ v>ies ) _! abundance1 & fix$ quantities c n be adh]$ to4 ,fre% fi% c be h&l$ z above1 except t x is cook$ mu* quick]1 & potatoes & onions & cann$ corn are ! only vegetables g5]ally us$ ) x1 ?us mak+ a *[d]4 ,a slice ( bacon w\ld greatly improve ! flavor4 ,may be conv5i5tly cook$ 9 meat c or cup4 ,,vegetables4 ,potatoes 7fri$74--,take two m$ium-siz$ potatoes or "o l>ge "o 7ab\t "o-half p\nd71 peel & cut into slices ab\t "o-f\r? in* ?ick & scatt] well 9 ! meat c 9 :i* ! grease rema9s aft] fry+ ! bacon4 ,add suffici5t wat] to half cov] ! potatoes1 cov] ) ! lid to keep ! moi/ure 91 & let come to a boil = ab\t #ae to #bj m9utes4 ,remove ! cov] & dry z desir$4 ,salt & pepp] to ta/e4 ,dur+ ! cook+ ! bacon already prep>$ may be kept on ! cov]1 :i* is mo/ conv5i5tly plac$ bottom side up ov] ! cook+ vegetables4 ,onions 7fri$74--,same z potatoes4 ,potatoes 7boil$74--,peel two m$ium-siz$ potatoes 7ab\t "o-half p\nd7 or "o l>ge "o1 & cut 9 co>se *unks ( ab\t ! same size--say1 #a-a_/b-;in* cubes4 ,place 9 meat c & ?ree-f\r?s fill ) wat]4 ,cov] ) lid & let boil or simm] = #ae or #bj m9utes4 ,!y are done :5 easily p5etrat$ ) a %>p /ick4 ,p\r (f ! wat] & let dry out = "o or two m9utes ov] hot a%es or light coals4 ,potatoes 7bak$74--,take two m$ium-siz$ potatoes 7ab\t "o-half p\nd7 or "o l>ge "o cut 9 half4 ,lay 9 a b$ ( light coals & cov] ) same & smo!r ) a%es4 ,d n di/urb = #cj or #dj m9utes1 :5 !y %\ld be done4 ,cann$ tomatoes4--,"o #b-p\nd c is g5]ally suffici5t = five m54 ,/ew4--,p\r into ! meat c "o man's all[ance ( tomatoes & add ab\t two l>ge h>dtacks brok5 into small pieces & let come to a boil4 ,add salt & pepp] to ta/e1 or add a p9* ( salt & "o-f\r? spoonful ( sug>4 ,or1 hav+ fri$ ! bacon1 p\r ! tomatoes into ! meat c1 ! grease rema9+1 & add1 if desir$1 two brok5 h>dtacks4 ,set ov] a brisk fire & let come to a boil4 ,or1 heat ! tomatoes j z !y come f ! c1 add+ two p9*es ( salt & "o-half spoonful ( sug>1 if desir$4 ,or1 especially 9 hot wea!r1 eat5 cold ) h>d bread1 !y are v palatable4 ,rice4--,take ab\t two-?irds ( a cupful ( wat]1 br+ to a boil1 add #d heap+ spoonfuls ( rice1 & boil until ! gra9s are s(t en\gh to be easily ma%$ betwe5 ! f+]s 7ab\t #bj m9utes74 ,add two p9*es ( salt &1 aft] /irr+1 p\r (f ! wat] & empty rice out on meat c4 ,bacon grease or sug> may be add$4 ,corn meal1 f9e hom9y1 oatmeal4--,take ab\t "o-?ird ( a cupful ( wat]1 br+ to a boil1 add #d heap+ spoonfuls ( ! meal or hom9y1 & boil ab\t #bj m9utes4 ,!n add ab\t two p9*es ( salt & /ir well4 ,dri$ beans & peas4--,put #d heap+ spoonfuls 9 ab\t two-?irds ( a cupful ( wat] & boil until s(t4 ,?is g5]ally takes f ?ree to f\r h\rs4 ,add "o p9* ( salt4 ,ab\t half an h\r be=e ! beans are done add "o slice ( bacon4 ,,hot ,,breads4 ,flapjacks4--,take #f spoonfuls ( fl\r & "o-?ird spoonful ( bak+ p[d] & mix ?or\ghly 7or dry mix 9 a l>ge pan be=e issue1 at ! rate ( #be p\nds ( fl\r & #c half cans ( bak+ p[d] = #ajj m574 ,add suffici5t cold wat] to make a batt] t w drip freely f ! spoon1 add+ a p9* ( salt4 ,p\r into ! meat c1 :i* %\ld conta9 ! grease f fri$ bacon or a spoonful ( butt] or fat1 & place ov] m$ium hot coals suffici5t to bake1 s t 9 f #e to #g m9utes ! flapjack may be turn$ by a quick toss ( ! pan4 ,fry f #e to #g m9utes long]1 or until by exam9ation x is f\nd to be done4 ,hoecake4--,hoecake is made exactly ! same z flapjacks by sub/itut+ corn meal = fl\r4 ,em]g5cy rations4--,detail$ in/ructions z to ! mann] ( prep>+ ! em]g5cy ration are f\nd on ! label ( ea* c4 ,rememb] t ev5 a v limit$ am\nt ( bacon or h>d bread1 or bo?1 consum$ ) ! em]g5cy ration makes x f> m palatable1 & g5]ally ext5ds ! p]iod dur+ :i* x c be consum$ ) reli%4 ,= ?is reason x w\ld be bett] to husb& ! supply ( h>d bread & bacon = use ) ! em]g5cy ration :5 x becomes evid5t t ! latt] mu/ be consum$ r ?an to reta9 ! em]g5cy ration to ! la/ extremity & =ce its exclusive use = a long] p]iod ?an two or ?ree days4 ,section #c4 ,! =age ration4 #ajgg1 ,army ,regulations4--,! =age ration = a horse is #ad p\nds ( hay & #ab p\nds ( oats1 corn1 or b>ley1 & #c-a_/c p\nds ( /raw 7or hay7 = b$d+2 = a ,field ,artill]y horse ( ! heavy-draft type1 weigh+ #a1cjj p\nds or ov]1 #ag p\nds ( hay & #ad p\nds ( oats1 corn1 or b>ley1 & #c-a_/c p\nds ( /raw 7or hay7 = b$d+2 = a mule1 #ad p\nds ( hay & #i p\nds ( oats1 corn1 or b>ley1 & #c-a_/c p\nds ( /raw 7or hay7 = b$d+4 ,to ea* animal #c p\nds ( bran may be issu$ 9 lieu ( t quantity ( gra94 ,! comm&+ (fic] may1 9 8 discretion1 v>y ! proportions ( ! compon5ts ( ! ration 7#a p\nd ( gra91 #a-a_/b p\nds ( hay1 & #b p\nds ( /raw be+ tak5 z equival5ts71 & 9 ! field may sub/itute o!r recogniz$ articles ( =age obta9$ locally1 ! v>iation or ! sub/itution n to exce$ ! money value ( ! compon5ts ( ! ration at ! contract rates 9 effect at ! "t ( *ange4 #ajgh1 ,army ,regulations4--,:]e graz+ is practicable1 or :5 little "w is requir$ ( ! animals1 comm&+ (fic]s w r$uce ! =age ration4 ,:51 on ! o!r h&1 conditions dem& x1 !y are au?oriz$ to increase ! ration1 n 9 excess1 h[ev]1 ( sav+s made4 ,9 ! field ! au?oriz$ all[ances mu/ (t5 be r$uc$ & supplem5t$ by graz+ & o!r k9ds ( food1 su* z gre5 =age1 beans1 peas1 rice1 palay1 :eat1 & rye4 ,:eat & rye %\ld be cru%$ & f$ sp>+ly 7ab\t "o-f\r? ( ! all[ance74 ,= un%ell$ corn1 add ab\t "o-qu>t] weight4 ,on ! m>* ! gra9 ration is ! only =age c>ri$4 ,x consi/s ( #ab p\nds ( gra9 = ea* horse & #i p\nds ( gra9 = ea* mule4 ,rec\rse mu/ be _h to graz+ if x is n possible to procure long =age 9 ! c\ntry trav]s$4 ,9 campaign a comm& c>ries z a "p ( its normal equipm5t ! foll[+ =age3 7a7 ,= ea* draft animal3 ,on ea* vehicle a res]ve ( "o day's gra9 ration = its draft animals4 7b7 ,on animals & vehicles3 ,a portion ( _! gra9 ration issu$ ! night be=e1 = a noonday fe$4 7c7 ,9 ! ration section ( ! field tra91 = ea* animal1 two days' gra9 rations4 7d7 ,9 supply tra9 ( an ,infantry division two days' gra9 rations1 & ( a ,cavalry division "o day's gra9 ration4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,p]sonal ,,hygi5e ,,& ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,feet4 ,,p]sonal ,,hygi5e4 ,hi/ory %[s t 9 almo/ e w> _m m m5 die ( disease ?an f w\nds receiv$ 9 battle4 ,mu* ( ?is disease is prev5table & is due ei!r to ! ignorance or c>elessness ( ! p]son :o has ! disease or ( o!r p]sons ab\t him4 ,x is a t]rible tru? t "o man :o violates any ( ! great rules ( heal? may be ! means ( kill+ _m m ( 8 comrades ?an are kill$ by ! bullets ( ! enemy4 ,x is !re=e mo/ important t e soldi] %\ld le>n h[ to take c>e ( 8 heal? :5 9 ! field & t he %\ld also insi/ t 8 comrades d n violate any ( ! rules prescrib$ = ?is purpose4 ,a great _m diseases are due to g]ms1 :i* are ei!r little animals or little plants s v small t !y c only be se5 by aid ( ! microscope4 ,all diseases caus$ by g]ms are cat*+4 ,all o!r diseases are n cat*+4 ,!re are only five ways ( cat*+ disease3 7a7 ,gett+ c]ta9 g]ms on ! body by t\*+ "s "o or some?+ :i* has !m on x4 ,?us1 "o may cat* v5]eal diseases1 smallpox1 measles1 sc>let fev]1 *ick5 pox1 mumps1 boils1 body lice1 r+worm1 b>b]'s it*1 dhobie it*1 & "s o!r diseases4 ,w\nds are infect$ 9 ?is mann]4 7b7 ,brea?+ 9 c]ta9 g]ms :i* float 9 ! air4 ,9 ?is way "o may cat* pneumonia1 consumption1 influ5za1 diph!ria1 :oop+ c\gh1 tonsilitis1 sp9al m5+itis1 measles1 & c]ta9 o!r diseases4 7c7 ,tak+ c]ta9 g]ms 9 ?r\gh ! m\? 9 eat+ or dr9k+4 ,dys5t]y1 *ol]a1 typhoid fev]1 di>rhea1 & inte/9al worms may be caught 9 ?is mann]4 7d7 ,hav+ c]ta9 g]ms inject$ into ! body by ! bites ( insects1 su* z mosquitoes1 fleas1 & b$bugs4 ,mal>ia1 yell[ fev]1 d5gue fev]1 & bubonic plague may be caught 9 ?is way4 7e7 ,inh]it+ ! g]m f "o's p>5ts4 ,p]sons may h ^! g]ms sometimes )\t app>5tly be+ sick ) any disease4 ,su* p]sons & p]sons :o are sick ) ! diseases are a great s\rce ( dang] to o!rs ab\t !m4 ,g]ms :i* multiply 9 su* p]sons are f\nd 9 _! ur9e & excretions f ! b[els2 9 dis*>ges f ulc]s & abscesses2 9 ! spit or p>ticles c\gh$ or sneez$ into ! air2 9 ! p]spiration or scales f ! sk92 & 9 ! blood suck$ up by bit+ insects4 ,^? :o h tak5 c>e ( _! heal? & :o h n become weak5$ by bad habits1 exposure1 & fatigue are n only less liable to cat* disease1 b are m apt to recov] :5 tak5 sick4 ,kn[+ all ^! ?+s1 ! soldi] c und]/& ! reasons = ! foll[+ rules & h[ important x is t !y %\ld be c>ri$ out by ea* & e p]son3 ,/ay away f p]sons hav+ cat*+ diseases4 ,if y h any disease1 don't try to cure x y\rself1 b g to ! surgeon4 ,insi/ t o!r soldi]s d likewise4 ,typhoid fev] is "o ( ! mo/ dang]\s & common camp diseases4 ,mod]n m$ic9e has1 h[ev]1 discov]$ an effective prev5tative = ?is disease 9 ! typhoid prophylactic1 :i* r5d]s ! p]son immune f typhoid fev]4 ,! treatm5t consi/s 9 inject+ into ! arm a prev5tative s]um4 ,! injection is giv5 ?ree times at #aj-;day int]vals4 ,association ) lewd wom5 is dang]\s4 ,x may result 9 disabl+ y = life4 ,x is ! cause ( a disease 7syphilis7 :i* may be transmitt$ by a p>5t to 8 *ildr54 ,soldi]s ) v5]eal diseases %\ld n use bas9s or toilet articles us$ by o!rs1 z ! g]ms ( ^! diseases if gott5 into ! eye v (t5 cause bl9dness4 ,likewise1 if !y use ! same dr9k+ cup us$ by o!rs !y may give o!rs ! disease4 ,!y %\ld promptly report _! tr\ble to ! surgeon1 t !y may receive ! be/ m$ical advice & att5tion4 ,%\ld a soldi] expose himself to infection by hav+ int]c\rse ) an unkn[n woman1 he %\ld report z soon z possible aft]w>ds to ! regim5tal infirm>y = prophylactic treatm5t1 :i*1 if tak5 )9 a few h\rs aft] int]c\rse1 w prev5t to a l>ge degree ! liability ( contract+ any disease4 ,cook$ g]ms are dead & !re=e h>mless4 ,wat]1 ev5 :5 cle>1 may be alive ) deadly g]ms4 ,!re=e1 :5 ! conditions are su* t ! comm&+ (fic] ord]s all dr9k+ wat] to be boil$1 be c>eful to live up to ?is ord]4 ,use ! latr9es & don't g else:]e to relieve y\rself4 ,9 op5 latr9es cov] y\r deposit ) dirt1 z x bre$s flies & may also be full ( g]ms4 ,flies c>ry g]ms f "o place to ano!r4 ,!re=e1 see t y\r food & mess kit are protect$ f !m4 ,all slops & scraps ( food scatt]$ ab\t camp soon produce bad odors & draw flies4 ,!re=e d y\r "p t[>d keep+ ! camp free f disease by c>efully deposit+ su* refuse 9 ! pits or cans us$ = ?is purpose4 ,ur9ate only 9 ! latr9es1 or 9 ! cans set out = ?is purpose1 nev] on ! gr\nd ar\nd camp1 because x n only causes bad smells b ur9e sometimes conta9s ! g]ms ( cat*+ diseases4 ,soapy wat] ?r[n on ! gr\nd soon produces bad odors4 ,!re=e 9 camps ( sev]al days' duration ?is wat] %\ld be ?r[n 9 cov]$ pits or 9 cans us$ = ?is purpose4 ,z c]ta9 mosquitoes c transmit mal>ia & yell[ fev]1 use y\r mosquito b> = ?is reason z well z = p]sonal com=t4 ,keep y\r m\? clean by bru%+ y\r tee? once or twice a day4 ,x helps to prev5t ! tee? f decay+4 ,decay$ tee? cause too?a*e4 ,!y also lead "o to swall[ food )\t prop]ly *ew+ x1 & ?is leads to /oma* tr\bles ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,food left ar\nd & betwe5 ! tee? is bad = ! tee? & =ms good bre$+ places = g]ms4 ,keep ! sk9 clean4 ,?r\gh ! pores ( ! sk9 ! body gets rid ( mu* wa/e & poison\s matt]4 ,!re=e remove ?is & keep ! pores op5 by ba?+ once e day1 if possible4 ,if wat] is sc>ce1 rub ! body ov] ) a wet t[el4 ,if no wat] is at h&1 take a dry rub4 ,wa% c>efully ! armpits1 betwe5 ! legs1 & "u ! =esk91 z ?is w prev5t *af+4 ,! sk9 protects ! s5sitive p>ts und]nea? f injury & helps to keep out g]ms4 ,!re=e :5 bli/]s are =m$ don't te> (f ! sk94 ,ins]t a ne$le "u ! sk9 a little di/ance back f ! bli/] & pu% x ?r\gh to ! opposite side4 ,press out ! liquid ?r\gh ! holes ?us =m$4 ,heat ! ne$le r$ hot fir/1 ) a mat* or c&le1 to kill ! g]ms4 ,:5 ! sk9 is brok5 79 cuts & w\nds7 keep ! op5+ cov]$ ) a b&age to keep out g]ms & dirt2 o!rwise ! sore may fe/]4 ,pus is always caus$ by g]ms4 ,keep y\r hair %ort4 ,long hair & a long be>d 9 ! field g5]ally means a dirty head & a dirty face & favors sk9 diseases1 lice1 & d&ruff4 ,don't let any "p ( ! body become *ill$1 z ?is v (t5 is ! direct cause ( di>rhea1 dys5t]y1 pneumonia1 rheumatism1 & o!r diseases4 ,wet clo!s may be worn :ile m>*+ or ex]cis+ )\t bad results1 b !re is great dang] if "o re/s 9 wet clo?+1 z ! body may become *ill$4 ,don't sit or lie or sleep directly on damp gr\nd1 z ?is is sure to *ill ! body4 ,:5 hot or p]spir+ or :5 we>+ damp clo!s1 don't rema9 :]e a breeze c /rike y4 ,y are sure to become *ill$4 ,e day1 if possible1 hang y\r blanket & clo?+ out to air 9 ! sun2 %ake or beat !m ) a small /ick4 ,g]ms & v]m9 don't l ?is treatm5t1 b damp1 mu/y clo?+ suits !m v well4 ,wa% y\r %irts1 und]we>1 & socks frequ5tly4 ,! dang] ( blood poison+ f a w\nd is greatly increas$ if ! bullet passes ?r\gh dirty clo!s4 ,dit* y\r t5t z soon z y c1 p>ticul>ly a %elt] t5t1 ev5 if y camp = "o night only4 ,o!rwise a little ra9 may ru9 a :ole night's re/4 ,always prep>e y\r b$ be=e d>k4 ,level (f ! gr\nd & scrape out a little holl[ = y\r hips4 ,get "s /raw or dry grass if possible4 ,gre5 grass or bran*es f trees are bett] ?an no?+4 ,sleep on y\r pon*o4 ,?is keeps ! dampness f com+ up f ! gr\nd & *ill+ ! body4 ,e m9ute sp5t 9 mak+ a good b$ means ab\t an h\r's good re/ lat] on4 ,avoid ! food & dr9k f\nd = sale 9 ! *eap /&s ab\t camp4 ,! quality is g5]ally bad1 & x is (t5 prep>$ 9 fil?y places by v dirty p]sons4 ,! use ( intoxicat+ liquor is p>ticul>ly dang]\s 9 ! field4 ,its excessive use1 ev5 at long int]vals1 breaks d[n "o's sy/em4 ,dr9k+ m5 are m apt to get sick & less liable to get well ?an are _! m sob] comrades4 ,if alcohol is tak5 at all1 x is be/ aft] ! "w ( ! day is ov]4 ,x %\ld nev] be tak5 :5 ! body is expos$ to sev]e cold1 z x dim9i%es ! resi/ance ( ! body4 ,hot tea or c(fee is mu* pref]able "u ^! circum/ances4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,feet4 ,a soldi] c n m>* ) sore feet1 & m>*+ is ! ma9 "p ( an infantryman's daily duty 9 ! field4 ,all soldi]s %\ld be famili> ) ! prop] me?ods ( c>+ = ! feet4 ,sore feet are g5]ally due to c>elessness1 neglect1 or ignorance on ! "p ( ! soldi]4 ,! mo/ important factor 9 ! c>e ( ! feet & ! m>*+ ability ( ! soldi] is ! %oe4 ,civilian %oes1 p>ticul>ly light1 pat5t lea!r1 or l[ %oes1 are sure to cause injury & 9 "t w ru9 a man's foot4 ,only ! m>*+ %oe issu$ by ! ,qu>t]ma/] ,corps %\ld be worn1 & !y mu/ be prop]ly fitt$ to ! individual4 ,x w n suffice to ord] a m>*+ %oe ( ! same size z "o's ord9>y civilian %oes1 = x mu/ be rememb]$ t a soldi] may h to m>* _m miles daily ov] r\gh roads & c>ry+ a heavy pack4 ,! pack itself causes ! foot to spread out to a l>g] size1 & ! r\gh roads give s mu* ex]cise to ! muscles ( ! feet t !y swell greatly ?r\gh ! increas$ blood supply4 7,= directions z to measur+ ! foot = ! m>*+ %oe1 see ,g5]al ,ord] ,no4 #bf1 ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 #aiab1 a copy ( :i* %\ld be on h& 9 ea* company47 ,d n />t out on a m>* we>+ new %oes4 ,?is is a frequ5t cause ( sore feet4 ,new %oes %\ld be prop]ly brok5 9 be=e beg9n+ a m>* by we>+ !m = sev]al h\rs daily = a week be=e ! m>*1 & !y %\ld be adapt$ to ! cont\rs ( ! feet by /ret*+ !m ) %oe /ret*]s ) adju/able knobs to take ! pressure (f pa9ful corns & bunions4 ,su* /ret*]s are issu$ by ! ,qu>t]ma/] ,corps1 & !re %\ld be "o or m pair 9 e company ( infantry4 ,%\ld ?is be impracticable1 !n ! foll[+ is sugge/$3 ,! soldi] /&s 9 8 new %oes 9 ab\t #b-a_/b in*es ( wat] = ab\t five m9utes until ! lea!r is ?or\ghly pliable & moi/2 he %\ld !n walk = ab\t an h\r on a level surface1 lett+ ! %oes dry on 8 feet1 to ! irregul>ities ( :i* ! lea!r is ?us mold$ 9 ! same way z x 0 previ\sly mold$ ov] ! %oe la/4 ,on tak+ ! %oes (f a v little neat's-foot oil %\ld be rubb$ into ! lea!r to prev5t its h>d5+ & crack+4 ,if x is desir$ to wat]pro( %oes at any "t1 a consid]able am\nt ( neat's-foot oil %\ld be rubb$ into ! lea!r4 ,wat]pro( lea!r causes ! feet ( "s m5 to p]spire unduly & keeps !m con/antly s(t4 ,light wool5 or heavy wool5 socks w habitually be worn = m>*+4 ,cotton socks w n be worn unless specifically ord]$ by ! surgeon4 ,! socks w be l>ge en\gh to p]mit free movem5t ( ! toes1 b n s loose z to p]mit ( wr9kl+4 ,d>n$ socks1 or socks ) holes 9 !m1 w n be worn 9 m>*+4 ,until ! feet h h>d5$ !y %\ld be du/$ ) foot p[d]1 :i* c be obta9$ at ! regim5tal infirm>y1 be=e ea* day's m>*4 ,clean socks %\ld be worn daily4 ,z soon z possible aft] rea*+ camp aft] a day ( m>*+ ! feet %\ld be wa%$ ) soap & wat]1 & ! soldi] %\ld put on a dry pair ( socks & 8 extra pair ( %oes f 8 surplus kit4 ,if ! sk9 is t5d]1 or ! feet p]spire1 wa% ) w>m salt wat] or alum wat]1 b d n soak ! feet a long "t1 z ?is1 al?\gh v com=t+ at ! "t1 t5ds to keep !m s(t4 ,%\ld bli/]s appe> on ! feet1 prick & evacuate !m by prick+ at ! l[] edge ) a p9 :i* has be5 pass$ ?r\gh ! flame ( a mat* & cov] !m ) z9c oxide pla/] appli$ hot4 ,?is pla/] c be obta9$ on reque/ at ! regim5tal infirm>y4 ,if s]i\s abrasions appe> on ! feet1 or corns1 bunions1 & +r[+ nails cause tr\ble1 h y\r "n plac$ on sick report & apply to ! surgeon = treatm5t4 ,cut ! to5ails squ>e 7fairly close 9 ! middle1 b leav+ ! sides some:at long]71 z ?is prev5ts +r[+ nails4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,extracts ,,f ,,cavalry ,,drill ,,regulations4 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,army1 #aiaf4 ,section #a4 ,def9itions4 ,alignm5t4--,! plac+ ( sev]al troop]s or units on ! same /raight l9e2 also ! l9e on :i* su* adju/m5t is made4 ,assembly4--,! gr\p+ 9 ord]1 & 9 a close-ord] =mation1 ( ! elem5ts ( a comm&4 ,! special arrangem5t & condition t con/itute ord] = ea* unit are expla9$ 9 ! correspond+ "p ( ! text4 ,! purpose ( ! assembly is to br+ ab\t a close-ord] =mation 9 ord]4 ,base4--,! elem5t on :i* a =mation or movem5t is regulat$4 ,! base may be a troop]1 two1 f\r1 section1 platoon1 or l>g] unit4 ,:5 ! base is a s+le troop] 9 ranks1 he may also be t]m$ ! guide4 ,c5t]4--,! middle po9t or elem5t ( a comm&4 ,if ! numb] ( elem5ts consid]$ be ev51 ! "r c5t] elem5t w be meant :5 ! c5t] elem5t is ref]r$ to4 ,column4--,a =mation 9 :i* ! elem5ts ( a comm& are plac$ "o beh9d ! o!r4 ,! elem5ts "h ref]r$ to may be troop]s1 twos1 f\rs1 sections1 platoons1 or l>g] units4 ,:5 us$ 9 ^! regulations z a ^w ( comm&1 )\t qualify+ words indicat+ ! k9d ( column 7z ( twos1 ( platoons1 etc471 column signifies a column ( f\rs4 ,9 all o!r cases ! ^w is to be und]/ood 9 its g5]al s5se unless ! context indicates ! contr>y4 ,deploym5t4--,an evolution 9 :i* ! comm& ext5ds its front1 z 9 =m+ l9e f column or 9 pass+ f close ord] to ext5d$ ord]4 ,dep?4--,! space f front to re> ( any =mation1 includ+ ! front & re> elem5ts4 ,direct+ lead]4--,! lead] ( a subord9ate unit :o tempor>ily conducts ! m>* :5 ! comm&] is n lead+ 9 p]son4 ,a troop] 9 ! rank ( a platoon or small] unit :o simil>ly conducts ! m>* is t]m$ a direct+ guide4 ,direction ( m>*4--,! direction 9 :i* ! base ( ! comm& 9 "q1 :e!r actually 9 m>* or halt$1 is fac+ at ! in/ant consid]$4 ,disposition4--,! di/ribution ( ! elem5ts ( a comm&1 & ! =mations & duties assign$ to ea* = ! accompli%m5t ( a common purpose4 ,di/ance4--,! space betwe5 m5 or bodies ( troops measur$ 9 ! direction ( dep?4 ,di/ance is measur$--m\nt$1 f ! cr\p ( ! horse 9 front to ! head ( ! horse 9 re>2 dism\nt$1 f ! back ( ! troop] 9 front to ! brea/ ( ! troop] 9 re>4 ,dress4--,! act ( tak+ a correct alignm5t4 ,drill4--,! ex]cises & evolutions1 taught on ! drill gr\nd & execut$ 9 accordance ) def9itely prescrib$ me?ods4 ,e*elon4--,a body ( troops is 9 e*elon ) ref]5ce to ano!r :5 x is m advanc$ or less advanc$ & unmasks or uncov]s ! o!r body1 :olly or 9 "p2 units ?us plac$ are call$ e*elons4 ,elem5t4--,"o ( ! compon5t subdivisions ( a comm&4 ,z us$ 9 ^! regulations ! t]m elem5t is a g5]al "o & may mean a s+le troop]1 a set ( twos1 a f\r1 section1 platoon1 or l>g] unit1 accord+ to ! comm& & =mation t are be+ consid]$4 ,! expression elem5ts ( ! column ref]s to ! sev]al troop]s1 f\rs1 platoons1 or o!r units t are plac$ successively1 "o beh9d ano!r1 9 any column =mation4 ,evolutions4--,movem5ts by :i* a comm& *anges its position or passes f "o =mation to ano!r4 ,file clos]s4--,(fic]s or noncommission$ (fic]s plac$ out ( ranks1 ^: duty x is to sup]vise ! m5 9 ranks & see t ! ord]s ( ! comm&] are c>ri$ out4 ,= conv5i5ce1 ?is t]m is appli$ to any man po/$ z a file clos]4 ,flank4--,! "r or left ( a comm& 9 l9e or column4 ,9 speak+ ( ! enemy ! t]m "r flank or left flank is us$ to designate ! flank t w\ld be s designat$ by him4 ,flank gu>d4--,an elem5t ( a comm& dispos$ ) a view to protect+ a flank4 ,=ag]s4--,m\nt$ troop]s di/ribut$ 9 l9e 9 ext5d$ ord]2 also ! =mation 9 :i* ! troop]s are s di/ribut$4 ,=mation4--,! arrangem5t ( ! elem5ts ( a comm& 9 l9e1 column1 or e*elon4 ,gait4--,"o ( ! special movem5ts ( ! horse1 z ! walk1 ! trot1 or ! gallop4 ,gait ( m>*4--,! gait at :i* ! base ( ! comm& 9 "q is mov+ at ! in/ant consid]$4 ,horse l5g?4--,a t]m ( measurem5t4 ,= conv5i5ce 9 e/imat+ space1 a horse l5g? is consid]$ z #c y>ds2 by actual measure x is ab\t #h feet4 ,int]val4--,! lat]al space betwe5 ! elem5ts or fractions ( a comm&4 ,int]val is measur$3 ,m\nt$1 f ! left knee ( ! man at ! "r ( ! op5 space to ! "r knee ( ! man at ! left ( ! op5 space2 dism\nt$1 int]val is measur$ on simil> pr9ciples1 b f elb[ to elb[4 ,l9e4--,a =mation 9 :i* ! diff]5t elem5ts are abrea/ ( ea* o!r4 ,:5 ! elem5ts are 9 column ! =mation is call$ a l9e ( columns4 ,maneuv]s4--,op]ations aga9/ an outl9$ or actual =ce "u a sep>ate comm&]1 :o1 )9 ! limits ( ! assum$ situation1 is free to adopt any =mations & make any movem5ts he *ooses4 ,ord]4--,an indication ( ! w ( ! comm&] 9 :atev] =m convey$4 ,an ord] may be giv5 orally1 by signal1 or 9 any mann] t is intelligible to ^? = :om x is int5d$4 ,! expression1 9 ord]1 has no ref]5ce to ?is def9ition1 b is us$ to indicate a special arrangem5t & condition ( ! elem5ts ( a comm&4 ,ord]1 close4--,?is includes =mations 9 :i* ! int]vals & di/ances betwe5 elem5ts are habitually bas$ ^u ^? requir$ = =m+ ! normal l9e =mation ( ea* unit ( ! =mation4 ,ord]1 ext5d$4--,! =mation 9 :i* ! troop]s1 or ! subdivisions1 or bo?1 are sep>at$ by int]vals or di/ances great] ?an 9 close ord]4 ,pace4--,us$ ) ref]5ce to gait1 pace signifies ! rate ( spe$ ( ! gait4 ,us$ z a unit ( measure1 pace signifies a /ep ( #cj in*es4 ,patrol4--,a gr\p deta*$ f a comm& & op]at+ ) specific mission1 usually relat$ to security or in=mation4 ,! t]m is ord9>ily appli$ to gr\ps v>y+ 9 size f two m5 to a platoon4 ,!y are frequ5tly designat$ by special names connect$ ) _! pr9cipal mission or _! composition2 z1 reconnoit]+ patrols1 combat patrols1 visit+ patrols1 (fic]'s patrols4 ,ploym5t4--,an evolution 9 :i* ! comm& dim9i%es its front1 z 9 pass+ f l9e to column1 or f ext5d$ ord] to close ord]4 ,rally4--,! rapid gr\p+ beh9d ! lead] ( ! elem5ts ( a comm&1 )\t ref]5ce to _! previ\s situation or =mation4 ,! object ( ! rally is to ree/abli% cohesion ) a view to imm$iate action1 or to =m l9e 9 a new direction :5 ! regul> me?od ( =m+ l9e w\ld be sl[ or complicat$4 ,x is execut$ 9 ! ord] ( arrival ( ! elem5ts ( ! comm& )\t reg>d to _! normal ord]4 ,! =mation 9 :i* ea* unit is ralli$ is fix$ 9 ! drill in/ructions ( t unit4 ,rank4--,two or m troop]s plac$ side by side4 ,sc\ts4--,individual troop]s deta*$ f _! comm&s & op]at+ ) a def9ite mission relat$ to security or in=mation4 ,skirmi%]s4--,dism\nt$ troop]s 9 l9e 9 ext5d$ ord]2 also ! =mation 9 :i* ! troop]s are s plac$4 ,successive =mation4--,a =mation 9 :i* ! elem5ts take _! places successively4 ,tactical ex]cise4--,an op]ation aga9/ an outl9$ or repres5t$ enemy ^: movem5ts are re/rict$ ) a view to illu/rat+ "s p>ticul> tactical pr9ciple4 ,,"p ,i4--,,individual ,,in/ruction4 ,section #b4 ,g5]al provisions4 #cd4f ,?or\gh tra9+ 9 ! s*ool ( ! troop] is ! basis ( effici5cy4 ,footnote #f3 ,! numb]s ref] to p>agraphs 9 ! ,cavalry ,drill ,regulations1 #aiaf4 #ce4 ,%ort & frequ5t drills are pref]able to long ones1 :i* exhau/ ! att5tion ( bo? in/ructor & recruit4 #cf4 ,z ! in/ruction progresses1 ! recruits w be gr\p$ accord+ to pr(ici5cy1 9 ord] t all may advance z rapidly z _! abilities p]mit4 ,^? :o lack aptitude & quickness w be sep>at$ f ! o!rs & plac$ "u exp]i5c$ drillma/]s4 #cg4 ,! individual dism\nt$ in/ruction ( ! recruit is habitually giv5 by exp]i5c$ noncommission$ (fic]s1 especially select$ = t purpose4 ,all su* in/ruction is "u ! c>eful p]sonal sup]vision ( a commission$ (fic]1 & 9 ! correspond+ m\nt$ in/ruction x is desirable t ! actual in/ructor be a commission$ (fic] :5 ?is is practicable4 ,all lieut5ants w be requir$ to in/ruct recruits 9 p]son suffici5tly to acquire skill 9 su* "w4 ,:5 recruits1 ^u _! arrival at a /ation1 are assign$ to _! respective troops = tra9+1 ! capta9s prescribe & sup]vise ! in/ruction4 #ch4 ,! in/ructor w always ma9ta9 a milit>y be>+ & by a quiet1 firm demeanor1 set a prop] example to 8 m54 ,a calm & ev5 temp] is indisp5sable4 ,unnecess>ily l\d comm&s & prolong$ explanations are to be avoid$4 ,z ! recruits become some:at pr(ici5t 9 ! s*ool ( ! troop]1 ! (fic] sup]9t5d+ ! in/ruction may call ^u !m 9 turn to drill ! squad 9 8 pres5ce & to correct any errors t may be obs]v$4 ,?is w increase _! int]e/1 ha/5 _! in/ruction1 & facilitate judgm5t ^u _! fitness = ! duties ( noncommission$ (fic]s4 #ci4 ,a c>efully ?\ght out program ( in/ruction1 prep>$ 9 advance & bas$ ^u ! probable "t & facilities = in/ruction t ! case 9 "q may pres5t1 is ess5tial to economy ( "t & ef=t & to sy/ematic1 ?or\gh in/ruction4 #dj4 ,! prelim9>y individual in/ruction1 dism\nt$ & m\nt$1 %\ld be c>ri$ on dur+ diff]5t drill h\rs ( ! same days4 ,?is prelim9>y phase %\ld include1 9 addition to regul> drill1 in/ruction 93 ,! elem5ts ( discipl9e2 ! names ( ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! arms & equipm5t2 ! prop] c>e ( arms1 equipm5t1 & clo?+2 elem5t>y in/ructions z to ! names ( ^? p>ts ( ! horse t are frequ5tly ref]r$ to at drill & /able duty2 groom+2 a few simple rules reg>d+ ! c>e ( ! horse2 p]sonal hygi5e2 & o!r relat$ subjects4 #da4 ,z soon z ! in/ruction %all h advanc$ s f> z to include ! few necess>y prelim9>y drills1 collective in/ruction 9 ! s*ool ( ! squad w be tak5 up4 ,?is in/ruction may1 l ! individual in/ruction1 prop]ly be c>ri$ on dur+ diff]5t h\rs ( ! same drill days1 9 bo? m\nt$ & dism\nt$ phases4 ,! recruits mean:ile cont9ue _! progress 9 ! individual in/ruction4 #db4 ,! progress 9 m\nt$ collective in/ruction mu/ be c>efully regulat$ 9 accordance ) ! recruit's confid5ce & skill 9 ! managem5t ( 8 m\nt1 & mu/ progress no fa/] ?an ! recruit's horseman%ip ju/ifies2 b ?is re/riction ne$ n affect ! dism\nt$ collective in/ruction1 & ! latt] may prop]ly be c>ri$ =w>d z rapidly z ! /ate ( ! dism\nt$ individual in/ruction w p]mit4 ,by ! "t ! recruit's in/ruction 9 equitation has progress$ s z to prep>e him = m\nt$ drills at ! fa/] gaits1 he %\ld h le>n$ ! me*anism ( all ! movem5ts by execut+ !m at a walk4 ,8 c\rse ( dism\nt$ tra9+ %\ld mean:ile h includ$ n only ! close-ord] movem5ts ( ! squad b ! me*anism ( ext5d$ ord]1 practice 9 ! use ( ! sab]1 a little prep>atory range practice ) ! rifle & pi/ol1 & "w 9 ! nature ( m9or field ex]cises involv+ dism\nt$ fire action4 ,he %\ld1 dur+ ! same p]iod1 h le>n$ ! me*anism ( pass+ f m\nt$ action to dism\nt$ action & %\ld h acquir$ famili>ity ) all comm&s & signals us$ 9 ! squad4 ,! recruit w ?us ord9>ily be ready to ent] ) reasonable effici5cy ^u c]ta9 phases ( ! "w 9 ! platoon & troop be=e 8 individual m\nt$ in/ruction is complet$4 #dc4 ,!re are two k9ds ( comm&s3 ,! prep>atory comm&1 su* z =w>d1 indicates ! movem5t t is to be execut$4 ,! comm& ( execution1 su* z ,,m>*1 ,,halt1 or ,,arms1 causes ! execution4 ,prep>atory comm&s are di/+ui%$ by boldface type1 ^? ( execution by ,,capitals4 ,! prep>atory comm& %\ld be giv5 at su* an int]val ( "t be=e ! comm& ( execution z to admit ( be+ prop]ly und]/ood2 ! comm& ( execution %\ld be giv5 at ! in/ant ! movem5t is to comm5ce4 ,! prep>atory comm& is enunciat$ di/9ctly1 ) a ris+ inflection at ! end1 & 9 su* mann] t ! comm& ( execution may be m en]getic4 ,on foot1 ! comm& ( execution is firm 9 tone & brief4 ,9 m\nt$ movem5ts ! prep>atory comm& is usually some:at prolong$ to insure its be+ he>d1 & ! comm& ( execution is always prolong$4 ,comm&s w be giv5 no l\d] ?an is necess>y4 ,laxness or indiff]5ce sugge/$ 9 ! mann] ( giv+ a comm& is c]ta9 to result 9 correspond+ c>elessness ( execution4 #dd4 ,to revoke a prep>atory comm&1 or be+ at ! halt1 to beg9 anew a movem5t improp]ly begun3 ,,z ,,y ,,74 ,any movem5t ceases & ! =m] position is resum$4 #de4 ,to /ay ! execution ( a movem5t :5 m>*+1 = ! correction ( errors1 ! comm&s may be giv53 #a4 ,9 place1 #b4 ,,halt4 ,all halt & /& fa/4 ,if execut$ dism\nt$1 ! position ( ! rifle is n *ang$4 ,to resume ! movem5t1 ! comm&s are3 #a4 ,resume2 or1 #a4 ,resume1 trot2 or1 #a4 ,resume1 gallop4 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! movem5t is !n complet$ z if x _h n be5 int]rupt$4 #df4 ,movem5ts t may be execut$ t[>d ei!r flank are expla9$ z t[>d b "o flank1 x be+ necess>y to sub/itute ! ^w left = "r1 & ! rev]se1 to h ! explanation ( ! correspond+ movem5t t[>d ! o!r flank4 ,! comm&s are giv5 = ! execution ( ! movem5ts t[>d ei!r flank4 ,! sub/itute ^w ( ! comm& is plac$ )9 p>5!ses4 #dg4 ,any movem5t may be execut$ ei!r f ! halt or :5 m>*+ unless o!rwise prescrib$4 ,any movem5t on foot n specially except$ may be execut$ 9 d\ble "t4 ,if at a halt1 or if m>*+ 9 quick "t1 ! comm& d\ble "t prec$es ! comm& ( execution4 #dh4 ,z in/ructors1 (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s g :]ev] _! pres5ce is necess>y4 #di4 ,be=e beg9n+ "w1 ! in/ructor always assures himself t ^? "u 8 *>ge are neatly dress$ & 9 prop] uni=m4 ,at m\nt$ =mations he w also require t horses be prop]ly groom$ & t equipm5ts be 9 good condition & adju/$ z prescrib$4 #ej4 ,! value ( recruit drill z an ex]cise 9 tea*+ discipl9e mu/ be kept con/antly 9 view by ! in/ructor4 ,no phase ( ! in/ruction is ( su* great ultimate importance4 ,section #c4 ,s*ool ( ! troop]1 dism\nt$4 #ea4 ,! object ( ?is s*ool is to develop ! /r5g? & agility ( ! troop]1 to give him a milit>y be>+1 to fix 9 him ! habit ( su/a9$ att5tion & in/ant ob$i5ce1 to prep>e him = in/ruction 9 m\nt$ combat ) ! sab] & pi/ol1 & to tra9 him 9 dism\nt$ combat ) ! rifle4 ,9 ord] to make rapid progress 9 ^? ex]cises :i* =m ! basis ( in/ruction ( ! troop]1 x is necess>y t ! lessons %\ld1 z f> z practicable1 be giv5 individually4 #eb4 ,cautions to in/ructors4--,! in/ructor expla9s briefly ea* movem5t1 fir/ execut+ x himself if practicable4 ,he requires ! recruits to take ! prop] positions unassi/$ & does n t\* !m = ! purpose ( correct+ !m1 except :5 !y are unable to correct !mselves4 ,he avoids keep+ !m too long at ! same movem5t1 al?\gh ea* %\ld be und]/ood be=e pass+ to ano!r4 ,he exacts by degrees ! desir$ precision & uni=mity4 ,recruits %\ld be all[$ to /& at ease frequ5tly4 ,dur+ ^! pauses ! in/ructor w n be idle1 b opportunity w be tak5 to talk to ! m51 to enc\rage !m to ask que/ions1 & s to develop _! confid5ce & common s5se4 #ec4 ,dur+ ! p]iod devot$ to prelim9>y in/ruction1 )\t arms1 ! recruit w be prep>$ = subsequ5t in/ruction ) arms by be+ taught ! names ( ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ! diff]5t weapons & ! prop] me?ods ( clean+1 disassembl+1 assembl+1 & op]at+ ! latt]4 ,,physical ,,tra9+4 #ed4 ,! physical tra9+ ( ! soldi] mu/ receive due att5tion4 ,its direct results are to increase ! soldi]'s /r5g?1 agility1 & endurance1 & x has indirect results ( f>-rea*+ value 9 connection ) discipl9e & morale4 ,x %\ld beg9 ) 8 fir/ in/ruction z a recruit & be cont9u$ ?r\gh\t 8 entire enli/m5t4 ,! me?ods prescrib$ 9 ! au?oriz$ ,manual ( ,physical ,tra9+ w be foll[$ ) a view to mak+ ! soldi]'s developm5t ?or\gh & well balanc$1 & to prev5t ! in/ruction f becom+ unnecess>ily t$i\s & monoton\s4 #ee4 ,9 ! e>li] phases ( ! recruit in/ruction1 & "u tempor>y conditions t d n favor ! c>ry+ out ( a m compreh5sive s*eme ( tra9+1 special att5tion w be giv5 to ! sett+-up ex]cises4 ,runn+1 jump+1 & swimm+ are phases ( tra9+ ( special importance to ! soldi]4 ,,individual ,,in/ruction ,,)\t ,,arms4 #ef4 ,= ?is in/ruction a few recruits1 usually n exce$+ #c or #d1 are plac$ 7z a squad7 9 s+le rank1 fac+ to ! front4 #eg4 ,to tea* ! recruits h[ to =m 9 ranks ! in/ructor w fir/ place !m 9 s+le rank1 arrang$ accord+ to height1 ! talle/ man on ! "r1 ) int]vals ( ab\t #d in*es betwe5 m51 & w expla9 t ! object ( ^! int]vals is to give fre$om ( movem5t 9 m>*+ & 9 ! use ( ! rifle 9 ranks4 ,he w !n direct ea* man s+ly to place ! palm ( ! left h& on ! hip1 f+]s po9t+ d[nw>d1 & draw att5tion to ! fact t ! indicat$ int]val ( ab\t #d in*es may be v]ifi$ by ea* man s plac+ himself t 8 "r arm1 :5 hang+ naturally at 8 side1 t\*es ! elb[ ( ! man on 8 "r4 ,:5 ?is is und]/ood1 he w cause ! recruits to fall out & successively to place !mselves z be=e1 ea* man v]ify+ 8 int]val by caus+ 8 "r arm to t\* ! left elb[ ( ! man on 8 "r1 ! latt]'s h& be+ on 8 hip1 z already expla9$4 ,he w !n expla9 t at ! comm& ,,fall ,,9 ! m5 w1 beg9n+ ) ! "r troop]1 successively & quickly take _! places 9 rank1 ea* man plac+ ! left h& at ! hip z above & dropp+ 8 h& to 8 side z soon z ! man on 8 left has ! prop] int]val4 #eh4 ,! recruits hav+ _h suffici5t in/ruction to und]/& h[ to =m by comm&1 ! in/ructor comm&s3 ,,fall ,,94 ,! m5 assemble z prescrib$ 9 p>4 #eg1 ea* tak+ ! position ( att5tion z describ$ bel[4 ,z soon z ! recruits h _h suffici5t prelim9>y in/ruction !y w habitually be =m$ z regul>ly prescrib$ = a squad4 ,,position ,,( ,,! ,,troop]1 ,,or ,,att5tion 7,,dism\nt$74 #ei4 ,heels on ! same l9e & z ne> ea* o!r z ! con=mation ( ! man p]mits4 ,feet turn$ out equally & =m+ an angle ( ab\t #de4 ,knees /raight )\t /iffness4 ,hips level & drawn back slightly2 body erect & re/+ equally on hips2 *e/ lift$ & ar*$2 %\ld]s squ>e & fall+ equally4 ,arms & h&s hang+ naturally1 ?umb along ! seam ( ! bree*es4 ,head erect & squ>ely to ! front1 *9 drawn 9 s t ! axis ( ! head & neck is v]tical2 eyes to ! front4 ,weight ( ! body re/+ equally ^u ! heels & balls ( ! feet4 ,,! ,,re/s4 #fj4 ,be+ at a halt1 ! comm&s are3 ,,fall ,,out2 ,,re/2 ,,at ,,ease2 & #a4 ,p>ade1 #b4 ,,re/4 ,at ! comm& fall out1 ! m5 may leave ! ranks1 b are requir$ to rema9 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity4 ,!y resume _! =m] places1 at att5tion1 at ! comm& fall 94 ,at ! comm& re/1 ea* man keeps "o foot 9 place1 b is n requir$ to pres]ve sil5ce or immobility4 ,at ! comm& at ease1 ea* man keeps "o foot 9 place & is requir$ to pres]ve sil5ce1 b n immobility4 #a4 ,p>ade1 #b4 ,,re/4 ,c>ry ! "r foot #f in*es /raight to ! re>1 left knee slightly b5t2 clasp ! h&s1 )\t con/ra9t1 9 front ( ! c5t] ( ! body1 f+]s jo9$1 left h& upp]mo/1 left ?umb clasp$ by ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ! "r h&2 pres]ve sil5ce & /ead9ess ( position4 #fa4 ,be+ 9 m>*1 at ! comm&3 #a4 ,r\te ord]1 #b4 ,,m>*2 or #a4 ,at ease1 #b4 ,,m>*1 ! m5 keep _! places 9 ranks1 b are n requir$ to keep ! /ep2 at r\te ord]1 !y are n requir$ to pres]ve sil5ce4 ,if halt$ f r\te ord]1 ! m5 /& at re/2 if halt$ f at ease1 !y rema9 at ease4 ,m>*+ at r\te ord] or at ease1 rifles are c>ri$ at w1 ! muzzles elevat$4 #fb4 ,to resume ! att5tion3 #a4 ,squad1 #b4 ,,att5tion4 ,if at a halt1 ! m5 take ! position ( ! troop]1 dism\nt$ 7p>4 #ei74 ,if m>*+1 ! cad5c$ /ep 9 quick "t is resum$1 & rifles1 if c>ri$1 are br\ght to ! "r %\ld]4 #fc4 ,to dismiss ! squad3 ,,dismiss$4 ,,eyes ,,"r ,,or ,,left4 #fd4 #a4 ,eyes1 #b4 ,,"r1 #c4 ,,front4 ,at ! comm& "r1 turn ! head to ! "r oblique1 eyes fix$ on ! l9e ( eyes ( ! man 91 or suppos$ to be 91 ! same rank4 ,at ! comm& front1 turn ! head & eyes to ! front4 ,,fac+s4 #fe4 ,to ! flank3 #a4 ,"r1 #b4 ,,face4 ,raise slightly ! left heel & "r toe2 face to ! "r1 turn+ on ! "r heel1 assi/$ by a slight pressure on ! ball ( ! left foot2 place ! left foot by ! side ( ! "r4 ,left face is execut$ on ! left heel 9 ! correspond+ mann]4 #ff4 ,to ! re>3 #a4 ,ab\t1 #b4 ,,face4 ,c>ry ! toe ( ! "r foot ab\t a half foot l5g? to ! re> & slightly to ! left ( ! left heel )\t *ang+ ! position ( ! left foot2 face to ! re>1 turn+ to ! "r on ! left heel & "r toe2 place ! "r heel by ! side ( ! left4 #fg4 #a4 ,h&1 #b4 ,,salute4 ,raise ! "r h& sm>tly till ! tip ( ! =ef+] t\*es ! l[] "p ( ! headdress above ! "r eye1 ?umb & f+]s ext5d$ & jo9$1 palm to ! left1 =e>m incl9$ at ab\t #de1 h& & wri/ /raight2 at ! same "t look t[>d ! p]son salut$4 7,,two71 ,drop ! arm sm>tly by ! side4 ,! salute = (fic]s is ! same 7,fig4 #a74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a1 p>4 #fg4 ,,/eps ,,& ,,m>*es4 #fh4 ,all /eps & m>*+s execut$ f a halt1 except "r /ep1 beg9 ) ! left foot4 #fi4 ,! l5g? ( ! full /ep 9 quick "t is #cj in*es1 measur$ f heel to heel1 & ! cad5ce is at ! rate ( #abj /eps p] m9ute4 ,! l5g? ( ! full /ep 9 d\ble "t is #cf in*es2 ! cad5ce is at ! rate ( #ahj /eps p] m9ute4 ,! in/ructor1 :5 necess>y1 indicates ! cad5ce ( ! /ep by call+ "o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 or left1 "r1 ! in/ant ! left & "r foot1 respectively1 %\ld be plant$4 #gj4 ,all /eps & m>*+s & movem5ts involv+ m>* are execut$ 9 quick "t unless ! squad be m>*+ 9 d\ble "t1 or d\ble "t be add$ to ! comm&2 9 ! latt] case d\ble "t is add$ to ! prep>atory comm&4 ,example3 #a4 ,=w>d1 d\ble "t1 #b4 ,,m>*4 #ga4 ,x %\ld be expla9$ to ! recruits t 9 collective drills & ex]cises "o ( ! troop]s1 t]m$ ! guide1 habitually has to foll[ a lead] or direct himself ^u "s designat$ objective1 ! o!r troop]s regulat+ _! m>* s z1 9 l9e1 to m>* abrea/ ( ! guide1 ma9ta9+ _! approximate int]vals4 ,! necessity1 9 ?is connection1 = le>n+ to m>* /eadily 9 a giv5 direction )\t wav]+ f side to side %\ld fur!r be po9t$ out4 ,ea* recruit %\ld !n be practic$ individually 9 m>*+ ^u a designat$ objective1 select+ = t purpose two po9ts ( direction on ! /raight l9e t passes ?r\gh ! troop] & ! objective & keep+ con/antly 9 ! prolongation ( t l9e4 ,:5 ! objective is suffici5tly di/9ct x %\ld be tak5 z "o ( ! po9ts ( direction & ano!r po9t 9 l9e ) ! troop] & ! objective1 & ei!r ne>] or m di/ant ?an ! latt] be select$ z a second po9t to fix ! direction ( m>*4 ,,quick ,,"t ,,& ,,d\ble ,,"t4 #gb4 ,be+ at a halt1 to m>* =w>d 9 quick "t3 #a4 ,=w>d1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& =w>d1 %ift ! weight ( ! body to ! "r leg1 left knee /raight4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 move ! left foot sm>tly /raight =w>d #cj in*es f ! "r1 sole ne> ! gr\nd1 & plant x )\t %ock2 next1 9 l mann]1 advance ! "r foot & plant x z above2 cont9ue ! m>*4 ,! arms sw+ naturally4 #gc4 ,be+ at a halt1 or 9 m>* 9 quick "t1 to m>* =w>d 9 d\ble "t3 #a4 ,=w>d1 d\ble "t1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,if at a halt1 at ! fir/ comm& %ift ! weight1 ( ! body to ! "r leg4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 raise ! =e>ms1 f+]s clos$1 to a horizontal position along ! wai/ l9e1 take up an easy run ) ! /ep & cad5ce ( d\ble "t1 all[+ a natural sw++ motion to ! arms4 ,if m>*+ 9 quick "t1 at ! comm& ,,m>*1 giv5 z ei!r foot /rikes ! gr\nd1 take "o /ep 9 quick "t & !n /ep (f 9 d\ble "t4 #gd4 ,to resume ! quick "t3 #a4 ,quick "t1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 giv5 z ei!r foot /rikes ! gr\nd1 advance & plant ! o!r foot 9 d\ble "t2 resume ! quick "t1 dropp+ ! h&s by ! sides4 ,,to ,,m>k ,,"t4 #ge4 ,be+ 9 m>*3 #a4 ,m>k "t1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 giv5 z ei!r foot /rikes ! gr\nd1 advance & plant ! o!r foot2 br+ up ! foot 9 re> & cont9ue ! cad5ce by alt]nately rais+ ea* foot ab\t #b in*es & plant+ x on l9e ) ! o!r4 ,be+ at a halt1 at ! comm& m>*1 raise & plant ! feet z describ$ above4 ,,! ,,half ,,/ep4 #gf4 #a4 ,half /ep1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,take /eps ( #ae in*es 9 quick "t1 #ah in*es 9 d\ble "t4 #gg4 ,=w>d1 half /ep1 halt1 & m>k "t may be execut$ "o f ! o!r 9 quick or d\ble "t4 ,to resume ! full /ep f half /ep or m>k "t3 #a4 ,=w>d1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,,side ,,/ep4 #gh4 ,be+ at a halt or m>k "t3 #a4 ,"r 7left7 /ep1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,c>ry & plant ! "r foot #ae in*es to ! "r2 br+ ! left foot beside x & cont9ue ! movem5t 9 ! cad5ce ( quick "t4 ,! side /ep is us$ = %ort di/ances only & is n execut$ 9 d\ble "t4 ,if at ord] arms1 ! side /ep is execut$ at trail )\t o!r comm&4 ,,back ,,/ep4 #gi4 ,be+ at a halt or m>k "t3 #a4 ,backw>d1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,take /eps ( #ae in*es /raight to ! re>4 ,! back /ep is us$ = %ort di/ances only & is n execut$ 9 d\ble "t4 ,if at ord] arms1 ! back /ep is execut$ at trail )\t o!r comm&4 ,,to ,,halt4 #hj4 ,to /op ! m>* 9 quick or d\ble "t3 #a4 ,squad1 #b4 ,,halt4 ,at ! comm& halt1 giv5 z ei!r foot /rikes ! gr\nd1 plant ! o!r foot z 9 m>*+2 raise & place ! re> foot by ! side ( ! o!r4 ,if 9 d\ble "t1 drop ! h&s by ! sides4 ,,to ,,m>* ,,by ,,! ,,flank4 #ha4 ,be+ 9 m>*3 #a4 ,by ! "r 7left7 flank1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 giv5 z ! "r foot /rikes ! gr\nd1 advance & plant ! left foot1 !n face to ! "r 9 m>*+1 & /ep (f 9 ! new direction ) ! "r foot4 ,?is movem5t is n execut$ by signal except 9 =ag]s4 ,,to ,,m>* ,,to ,,! ,,re>4 #hb4 ,be+ 9 m>*3 #a4 ,to ! re>1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 giv5 z ! "r foot /rikes ! gr\nd1 advance & plant ! left foot1 turn to ! "r-ab\t on ! balls ( bo? feet1 & imm$iately /ep (f ) ! left foot4 ,if m>*+ 9 d\ble "t1 turn to ! "r-ab\t1 tak+ f\r /eps 9 place1 keep+ ! cad5ce1 & !n /ep (f ) ! left foot4 ,?is movem5t is n execut$ by signal except 9 =ag]s4 ,,*ange ,,/ep4 #hc4 ,be+ 9 m>*3 #a4 ,*ange /ep1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 giv5 z ! "r1 foot1 /rikes ! gr\nd1 advance & plant ! left foot1 plant ! toe ( ! "r foot ne> ! heel ( ! left1 & /ep (f ) ! left foot4 ,! *ange on ! "r foot is simil>ly execut$1 ! comm& ,,m>* be+ giv5 z ! left foot /rikes ! gr\nd4 ,,to ,,c\nt ,,f\rs4 #hd4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 at ! comm&1 ,,c\nt ,,f\rs1 all ! troop]s 9 ! rank except ! "r troop] execute eyes "r &1 beg9n+ on ! "r1 c\nt successively #a1 #b1 #c1 #d4 ,ea* turns 8 head & eyes to ! front z he c\nts4 ,f\rs may be c\nt$ at ! halt or m>*+1 m\nt$ or dism\nt$1 9 l9e or 9 column ( twos or troop]s4 ,9 c\nt+ f\rs 9 column ( twos or troop]s ! elem5ts c\nt (f successively f front to re> 9 ! column & f "r to left 9 ea* two4 ,eyes "r is n execut$ :5 c\nt+ f\rs f column ( twos or troop]s4 ,,to ,,take ,,int]vals ,,& ,,di/ances4 #he4 ,be+ 9 l9e at a halt3 #a4 ,take int]vals1 to ! "r 7left71 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,squad1 #d4 ,,halt4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 all face to ! "r & ! lead+ troop] /eps (f2 ! o!r m5 /ep (f 9 succession1 ea* foll[+ ! prec$+ troop] at f\r paces4 ,at ! comm& halt1 giv5 :5 all h _! int]vals1 all halt & face to ! front4 #hf4 ,be+ at int]vals1 to assemble ! squad3 #a4 ,assemble to ! "r 7left71 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! troop] on ! "r /&s fa/4 ,! o!r troop]s face to ! "r1 close by ! %orte/ l9e & face to ! front4 #hg4 ,be+ 9 l9e at a halt & f\rs hav+ be5 c\nt$3 #a4 ,take di/ance1 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,squad1 #d4 ,,halt4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 ,no4 #a moves /raight to ! front2 ,nos4 #b1 #c1 & #d 9 ! ord] nam$1 move /raight to ! front1 ea* /epp+ (f s z to foll[ ! prec$+ man at #d paces4 ,! comm& halt is giv5 :5 all h _! di/ances4 ,if !re be m ?an "o ,no4 #a1 all ! ,nos4 #a move =w>d toge!r1 guid+ on ! "r troop]4 ,! same pr9ciple applies to ! o!r numb]s4 #hh4 ,! normal int]val & di/ance ( #d paces indicat$1 respectively1 9 p>s4 #cd & #cf1 may be increas$ or dim9i%$ by add+ to ! correspond+ prep>atory comm& ! indication ( ! int]val or di/ance desir$2 ?us3 #a4 ,take int]val to ! "r at #a pace1 #b4 ,,m>*1 etc42 #a4 ,take di/ance1 at #b paces1 #b4 ,,m>*1 etc4 #hi4 ,be+ at di/ances1 to assemble ! squad3 #a4 ,assemble1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,no4 #a ( ! front rank /&s fa/2 ! o!r numb]s move =w>d to _! prop] places 9 l9e4 ,,individual ,,in/ruction ,,) ,,arms4 ,,manual ,,( ,,! ,,rifle4 #ij4 ,:5 ! recruit has made fair progress 9 ! in/ruction )\t arms1 includ+ t requir$ by p>4 #ec1 he is taught ! manual ( arms4 ,in/ruction )\t arms & t ) arms alt]nate4 #ia4 ,! foll[+ rules gov]n ! c>ry+ ( ! rifle3 ,fir/4 ,! rifle is n c>ri$ ) c>tridges 9 ei!r ! *amb] or ! magaz9e except :5 specifically ord]$4 ,:5 s load$1 or suppos$ to be load$1 x is habitually c>ri$ lock$2 t is1 ) ! safety lock turn$ to ! safe4 ,at all o!r times x is c>ri$ unlock$1 ) ! trigg] pull$4 ,second4 ,:5ev] troops are =m$ "u arms1 rifles are imm$iately inspect$ at ! comm&s3 #a4 ,inspection1 #b4 ,,arms2 #c4 ,ord] 7"r %\ld]1 port71 #d4 ,,arms4 ,a4 simil> inspection is made imm$iately be=e dismissal4 ,if c>tridges are f\nd 9 ! *amb] or magaz9e !y are remov$ & plac$ 9 ! belt4 ,?ird4 ,! cut-(f is kept turn$ (f except :5 c>tridges are actually us$4 ,f\r?4 ,fall 9 is execut$ ) ! rifle at ! ord] arms4 ,fall out1 re/1 & at ease are execut$ z )\t arms4 ,on resum+ att5tion ! position ( ord] arms is tak54 ,fif?4 ,if at ! ord]1 unless o!rwise prescrib$1 ! rifle is br\ght to ! "r %\ld] at ! comm& m>*1 ! ?ree motions correspond+ ) ! fir/ ?ree /eps4 ,movem5ts may be execut$ at ! trail by prefac+ ! prep>atory comm& ) ! words at trail1 z1 #a4 ,at trail1 =w>d1 #b4 ,,m>*2 ! trail is tak5 at ! comm& m>*4 ,:5 ! fac+s1 alignm5ts1 op5 & close ranks1 tak+ int]val1 & assembl+s are execut$ f ! ord]1 raise ! rifle to ! trail :ile 9 motion & resume ! ord] on halt+4 ,six?4 ,! rifle is br\ght to ! ord] on halt+4 ,! execution ( ! ord] beg9s :5 ! halt is complet$4 ,sev5?4 ,a dis5gag$ h& 9 d\ble "t is held z :5 )\t arms4 #ib4 ,! foll[+ rules gov]n ! execution ( ! manual ( arms3 ,fir/4 ,9 all positions ( ! left h& at ! balance 7c5t] ( gravity7 ! ?umb clasps ! rifle2 ! sl+ is includ$ 9 ! grasp ( ! h&4 7,figs4 #f1 #ab47 ,second4 ,9 all positions ( ! rifle diagonally across ! body ! position ( ! rifle1 left arm1 & h& are ! same z 9 port arms4 7,fig4 #f47 ,?ird4 ,9 resum+ ! ord] f any position 9 ! manual1 ! motion next to ! la/ concludes ) ! butt ( ! rifle ab\t #c in*es f ! gr\nd1 b>rel to ! re>1 ! left h& above & ne> ! "r1 /eady+ ! rifle1 f+]s ext5d$ & jo9$1 =e>m & wri/ /raight & incl9+ d[nw>d1 all f+]s ( ! "r h& grasp+ ! rifle4 ,to complete ! ord]1 l[] ! rifle g5tly to ! gr\nd ) ! "r h&1 drop ! left quickly by ! side1 & take ! position ( ord] arms4 7,fig4 #b47 ,all[+ ! rifle to drop ?r\gh ! "r h& to ! gr\nd1 or o!r simil> abuse ( ! arm to produce effect 9 execut+ ! manual1 is prohibit$4 ,f\r?4 ,! cad5ce ( ! motions is t ( quick "t2 ! recruits are fir/ requir$ to give _! :ole att5tion to ! details ( ! motions1 ! cad5ce be+ gradually acquir$ z !y become accu/om$ to h&l+ _! rifles4 ,fif?4 ,! manual is taught at a halt & ! movem5ts are = ! purpose ( in/ruction1 divid$ into motions & execut$ 9 detail2 9 ?is case ! comm& ( execution det]m9es ! prompt execution ( ! fir/ motion1 & ! comm&s1 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 t ( ! o!r motions4 ,to execute ! movem5ts 9 detail1 ! in/ructor fir/ cautions3 ,by ! numb]s2 all movem5t divid$ into motions are !n execut$ z above expla9$ until he cautions3 ,)\t ! numb]s2 or comm&s movem5ts o!r ?an ^? 9 ! manual ( arms4 ,six?4 ,:5ev] circum/ances require1 ! regul> positions ( ! manual ( arms & ! fir+s may be ord]$ )\t reg>d to ! previ\s position ( ! rifle4 ,"u exceptional conditions ( wea!r or fatigue ! rifle may be c>ri$ 9 any mann] direct$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b1 p>4 #ib4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c1 p>4 #ic4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d1 p>4 #ic4 #ic4 ,position ( ord] arms1 /&+3 ,! butt re/s ev5ly on ! gr\nd1 b>rel to ! re>1 toe ( ! butt on a l9e ) toe (1 & t\*+1 ! "r %oe1 arms & h&s hang+ naturally1 "r h& hold+ ! rifle betwe5 ! ?umb & f+]s4 #id4 ,be+ at ord] arms3 #a4 ,pres5t1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,) ! "r h& c>ry ! rifle 9 front ( ! c5t] ( ! body1 b>rel to ! re> & v]tical1 grasp x ) ! left h& at ! balance1 =e>m horizontal & re/+ aga9/ ! body4 7,,two7 ,grasp ! small ( ! /ock ) ! "r h&4 7,fig4 #e47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e1 p>4 #id4 #ie4 ,be+ at ord] arms3 #a4 ,port1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,) ! "r h& raise & ?r[ ! rifle diagonally across ! body1 grasp x sm>tly ) bo? h&s2 ! "r1 palm d[n1 at ! small ( ! /ock2 ! left1 palm up1 at ! balance2 b>rel up1 slop+ to ! left & cross+ opposite ! junction ( ! neck ) ! left %\ld]2 "r =e>m horizontal2 left =e>m re/+ aga9/ ! body2 ! rifle 9 a v]tical plane p>allel to ! front4 7,fig4 #f47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f1 p>4 #ie4 #if4 ,be+ at pres5t arms3 #a4 ,port1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,c>ry ! rifle diagonally across ! body & take ! position ( port arms4 #ig4 ,be+ at port arms3 #a4 ,pres5t1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,c>ry ! rifle to a v]tical position 9 front ( ! c5t] ( ! body & take ! position ( pres5t arms4 #ih4 ,be+ at pres5t or port arms3 #a4 ,ord]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,let g ) ! "r h&2 l[] & c>ry ! rifle to ! "r ) ! left h&2 regrasp x ) ! "r h& j above ! l[] b&2 let g ) ! left h&1 & take ! next to ! la/ position 9 com+ to ! ord]4 7,,two7 ,complete ! ord]4 #ii4 ,be+ at ord] arms3 #a4 ,"r %\ld]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,) ! "r h& raise & ?r[ ! rifle diagonally across ! body2 c>ry ! "r h& quickly to ! butt1 embrac+ x1 ! heel betwe5 ! fir/ two f+]s4 7,,two7 ,)\t *ang+ ! grasp ( ! "r h&1 place ! rifle on ! "r %\ld]1 b>rel up & incl9$ at an angle ( ab\t #de f ! horizontal1 trigg] gu>d 9 ! holl[ ( ! %\ld]1 "r elb[ ne> ! side1 ! rifle 9 a v]tical plane p]p5dicul> to ! front2 c>ry ! left h&1 ?umb1 & f+]s ext5d$ & jo9$1 to ! small ( ! /ock1 tip ( ! =ef+] t\*+ ! cock+ piece1 wri/ /raight & elb[ d[n4 7,,?ree7 ,drop ! left h& by ! side4 7,fig4 #g47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g1 p>4 #ii4 #ajj4 ,be+ at "r %\ld] arms3 #a4 ,ord]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,press ! butt d[n quickly & ?r[ ! rifle diagonally across ! body1 ! "r h& reta9+ ! grasp ( ! butt4 7,,two71 7,,?ree7 ,execute ord] arms z describ$ f port arms4 #aja4 ,be+ at port arms3 #a4 ,"r %\ld]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,*ange ! "r h& to ! butt4 7,,two71 7,,?ree7 ,z 9 "r %\ld] arms f ord] arms4 #ajb4 ,be+ at "r %\ld] arms3 #a4 ,port1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,press ! butt d[n quickly & ?r[ ! rifle diagonally across ! body1 ! "r h& reta9+ its grasp ( ! butt4 7,,two7 ,*ange ! "r h& to ! small ( ! /ock4 #ajc4 ,be+ at "r %\ld] arms3 #a4 ,pres5t1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,execute port arms4 7,,?ree7 ,execute pres5t arms4 #ajd4 ,be+ at pres5t arms3 #a4 ,"r %\ld]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,execute port arms4 7,,two71 7,,?ree71 7,,f\r74 ,execute "r %\ld] arms z f port arms4 #aje4 ,be+ at port arms3 #a4 ,left %\ld]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,c>ry ! rifle ) ! "r h& & place x on ! left %\ld]1 b>rel up1 trigg] gu>d 9 ! holl[ ( ! %\ld]2 at ! same "t grasp ! butt ) ! left h&1 heel betwe5 fir/ & second f+]s1 ?umb & f+]s clos$ on ! /ock4 7,,two7 ,drop ! "r h& by ! side4 ,left %\ld] arms may be ord]$ directly f ! ord]1 "r %\ld]1 or pres5t1 or ! rev]se4 ,at ! comm& ,arms execute port arms & cont9ue 9 cad5ce to ! position ord]$4 #ajf4 ,be+ at left %\ld] arms3 #a4 ,port1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,grasp ! rifle ) ! "r h& at ! small ( ! /ock4 7,,two7 ,c>ry ! rifle to ! "r ) ! "r h&1 regrasp x ) ! left & take ! position ( port arms4 #ajg4 ,be+ at ord] arms3 #a4 ,p>ade1 #b4 ,,re/4 ,c>ry ! "r foot #f in*es /raight to ! re>1 left knee slightly b5t2 c>ry ! muzzle ,9 front ( ! c5t] ( ! body1 b>rel to ! left2 grasp ! rifle ) ! left h& j bel[ ! /ack+ swivel & ) ! "r h& bel[ & aga9/ ! left4 7,fig4 #h47 ,be+ at p>ade re/3 #a4 ,squad1 #b4 ,,att5tion4 ,resume ! ord]1 ! left h& quitt+ ! rifle opposite ! "r hip4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h1 p>4 #ajg4 #ajh4 ,be+ at ord] arms4 #a4 ,trail1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,raise ! rifle1 "r arm slightly b5t1 & incl9e ! muzzle =w>d s t ! b>rel makes an angle ( ab\t #cj ) ! v]tical4 7,fig4 #i47 ,:5 x c be done )\t dang] or inconv5i5ce to o!rs1 ! rifle may be grasp$ at ! balance & muzzle l[]$ until ! rifle is horizontal2 a simil> position 9 ! left h& may be us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i1 p>4 #ajh4 #aji4 ,be+ at trail arms3 #a4 ,ord]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,l[] ! rifle ) ! "r h& & resume ! ord]4 ,,rifle ,,salute4 #aaj4 ,be+ at "r %\ld] arms3 #a4 ,rifle1 #b4 ,,salute4 ,c>ry ! left h& sm>tly to ! small ( ! /ock1 =e>m horizontal1 palm ( ! h& d[n1 ?umb & f+]s ext5d$ & jo9$1 =ef+] t\*+ end ( cock+ piece2 look t[>d ! p]son salut$4 7,,two7 ,drop left h& by ! side2 turn head & eyes to ! front4 7,fig4 #aj47 ,) ! rifle on ! left %\ld]1 ! salute is r5d]$ 9 a correspond+ mann] ) ! "r h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj1 p>4 #aaj4 #aaa4 ,be+ at ord] or trail arms3 #a4 ,rifle1 #b4 ,,salute4 ,c>ry ! left h& sm>tly to ! "r side1 palm ( ! h& d[n1 ?umb & f+]s ext5d$ & jo9$1 =ef+] aga9/ ! rifle ne> ! muzzle2 look t[>d ! p]son salut$4 7,,two7 ,drop ! left h& by ! side2 turn ! head & eyes to ! front4 7,fig4 #aa47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa1 p>4 #aaa4 ,,! ,,inspection4 #aab4 ,be+ at ord] arms3 #a4 ,inspection1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,at ! second comm&1 take ! position ( port arms4 7,,two7 ,seize ! bolt h&le ) ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ! "r h&1 turn ! h&le up1 draw ! bolt back & glance at ! *amb]4 ,hav+ f\nd ! *amb] empty1 or hav+ empti$ x1 raise ! head & eyes to ! front4 7,fig4 #ab47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab1 p>4 #aab4 #aac4 ,be+ at inspection arms3 #a4 ,ord] 7"r %\ld]1 port71 #b4 ,,arms4 ,at ! prep>atory comm&1 pu% ! bolt =w>d1 turn ! h&le d[n1 pull ! trigg]1 & resume port arms4 ,at ! comm& arms complete ! movem5t ord]$4 ,,to ,,dismiss4 #aad4 ,be+ at halt3 #a4 ,inspection1 #b4 ,,arms1 #c4 ,port1 #d4 ,,arms1 #e4 ,,dismiss$4 ,,to ,,/ack ,,& ,,take ,,arms4 #aae4 ,?ree rifles only are us$ to make a /ack2 rifles n s us$ are1 9 ?is connection1 t]m$ loose rifles4 ,be+ 9 l9e at a halt3 ,,/ack ,,arms4 ,at ! comm& /ack1 ,no4 #c /eps back & cov]s ,no4 #b1 ,no4 #b raises 8 rifle ) ! "r h&1 grasps x ) ! left at ! upp] b& & re/s ! butt betwe5 8 feet1 b>rel to ! front1 muzzle incl9$ slightly to ! front & opposite ! c5t] ( ! int]val on 8 "r1 ! ?umb & =ef+] rais+ ! /ack+ swivel2 ,no4 #c !n passes 8 rifle1 b>rel to ! re>1 to ,no4 #b1 :o grasps x betwe5 ! b&s ) 8 "r h& & ?r[s ! butt ab\t #b feet 9 advance ( t ( 8 own rifle & opposite ! "r ( ! int]val1 ! "r h& slipp+ to ! upp] b&1 ! ?umb & =ef+] rais+ ! /ack+ swivel1 :i* he engages ) t ( 8 own rifle2 ,no4 #a raises 8 rifle ) ! "r h&1 c>ries x well =w>d1 b>rel to ! front1 ! left h& guid+ ! /ack+ swivel1 engages ! l[] hook ( ! swivel ( 8 own rifle ) ! free hook ( t ( ,no4 #c2 he !n turns ! b>rel outw>d into ! angle =m$ by ! o!r two rifles & l[]s ! butt to ! gr\nd to ! "r ( & aga9/ ! toe ( 8 "r %oe4 ,no4 #b lays loose rifles on ! /ack2 ,no4 #c resumes 8 place 9 l9e4 ,:5 ea* man has f9i%$ h&l+ rifles1 he takes ! position ( att5tion4 ,! in/ructor may !n re/ or dismiss ! squad1 leav+ ! arms /ack$4 ,on re-=m+1 ! m5 take _! places 9 re> ( ! /acks4 #aaf4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 beh9d ! /acks3 ,,take ,,arms4 ,no4 #c /eps back & cov]s ,no4 #b2 ,no4 #b returns ! loose rifles1 !n grasps 8 own rifle ) ! left h&1 ! rifle ( ,no4 #c ) 8 "r h&1 grasp+ bo? betwe5 ! b&s2 ,no4 #a grasps 8 rifle 9 ! same way ) ! "r h&4 ,no4 #a dis5gages 8 rifle by rais+ ! butt f ! gr\nd & !n turn+ ! rifle to ! "r1 deta*es x f ! /ack2 ,no4 #b dis5gages & deta*es 8 rifle by turn+ x to ! left1 & !n passes ! rifle ( ,no4 #c to him2 ,no4 #c resumes 8 place 9 l9e2 all resume ! ord]4 ,,kneel+ ,,& ,,ly+ ,,d[n4 #aag4 ,if /&+3 ,,kneel4 ,half face to ! "r2 c>ry ! "r toe ab\t #a foot to ! left re> ( ! left heel2 kneel on ! "r knee1 sitt+ z ne>ly z possible on ! "r heel2 left =e>m across left ?igh2 rifle rema9s 9 position ( ord] arms1 "r h& grasp+ x above ! l[] b&4 ,?is is ! position ( ord] arms1 kneel+4 7,fig4 #ac47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac1 p>4 #aag4 #aah4 ,if /&+ or kneel+3 ,,lie ,,d[n4 ,kneel1 b ) "r knee aga9/ left heel2 c>ry back ! left foot & lie flat on ! belly1 incl9+ body ab\t #ce to ! "r2 rifle horizontal1 b>rel up1 muzzle (f ! gr\nd & po9t$ to ! front2 elb[s on ! gr\nd2 left h& at ! balance1 "r h& grasp+ ! small ( ! /ock opposite ! neck4 ,?is is ! position ( ord] arms1 ly+ d[n4 7,fig4 #ad47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad1 p>4 #aah4 #aai4 ,if kneel+ or ly+ d[n3 ,,rise4 ,if kneel+1 /& up1 fac$ to ! front1 on ! gr\nd m>k$ by ! left heel4 ,if ly+ d[n1 raise ! body on bo? knees2 /& up1 fac$ to ! front1 on ! gr\nd m>k$ by ! knees4 #abj4 ,if ly+ d[n3 ,,kneel4 ,raise ! body on bo? knees1 take ! position ( kneel4 ,:5 deploy$ z skirmi%]s1 a sitt+ position may be tak5 in/ead ( ! position kneel+4 ,,ii4 ,,in/ruction ,,) ,,! ,,rifle4 #bc4 ,! comm&s = & ! execution ( ! foot movem5ts are ! same z already giv5 = movem5ts )\t ! rifle4 #bd4 ,! m5 hav+ tak5 int]vals or di/ances1 ! in/ructor comm&s3 #a4 ,bayonet ex]cise1 #b4 ,,gu>d4 ,at ! second comm& take ! position ( gu>d 7see p>4 #ae72 at ! game "t ?r[ ! rifle sm>tly to ! front1 grasp ! rifle ) ! left h& j bel[ ! l[] h&1 f+]s betwe5 ! /ock & gun sl+1 b>rel turn$ slightly to ! left1 ! "r h& grasp+ ! small ( ! /ock ab\t #f in*es 9 front ( ! "r hip1 elb[s free f ! body1 bayonet po9t at ! height ( ! *94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae1 p>4 #bd4 #be4 #a4 ,ord]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,br+ ! "r foot up to ! left & ! rifle to ! position ( ord] arms1 at ! same "t resum+ ! position ( att5tion4 #bf4 ,dur+ ! prelim9>y in/ruction1 attacks & def5ses w be execut$ f gu>d until pr(ici5cy is atta9$1 aft] :i* !y may be execut$ f any position 9 :i* ! rifle is held4 ,,attacks4 #bg4 #a4 ,,?ru/4 ,?ru/ ! rifle quickly =w>d to ! full l5g? ( ! left arm1 turn+ ! b>rel to ! left1 & direct ! po9t ( ! bayonet at ! po9t to be attack$1 b cov]+ ! "r =e>m4 ,at ! same "t /raight5 ! "r leg vigor\sly & ?r[ ! weight ( ! body =w>d & on ! left leg1 ! ball ( ! "r foot always on ! gr\nd4 ,gu>d is resum$ imm$iately )\t comm&4 ,! =ce ( ! ?ru/ is deliv]$ pr9cipally ) ! "r arm1 ! left be+ us$ to direct ! bayonet4 ,! po9ts at :i* ! attack %\ld be direct$ are1 9 ord] ( _! importance1 /oma*1 *e/1 head1 neck1 & limbs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af1 p>4 #bg4 #bh4 #a4 ,,lunge4 ,execut$ 9 ! same mann] z ! ?ru/1 except t ! left foot is c>ri$ =w>d ab\t twice its l5g?4 ,! left heel mu/ always be 9 re> ( ! left knee4 ,gu>d is resum$ imm$iately )\t comm&4 ,gu>d may also be resum$ by advanc+ ! "r foot if = any reason x is desir$ to hold ! gr\nd ga9$ 9 lung+4 ,9 ! latt] case ! prep>atory comm& =w>d w be giv54 ,ea* me?od %\ld be practic$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah1 p>4 #bh4 #bi4 #a4 ,butt1 #b4 ,,/rike4 ,/raight5 "r arm & "r leg vigor\sly & sw+ butt ( rifle aga9/ po9t ( attack1 pivot+ ! rifle 9 ! left h& at ab\t ! height ( ! left %\ld]1 all[+ ! bayonet to pass to ! re> on ! left side ( ! head4 ,gu>d is resum$ )\t comm&4 ,! po9ts ( attack 9 _! ord] ( importance are head1 neck1 /oma*1 & crot*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag1 p>4 #bi4 #cj4 #a4 ,cut1 #b4 ,,d[n4 ,execute a quick d[nw>d /roke1 edge ( bayonet direct$ at po9t ( attack4 ,gu>d is resum$ )\t comm&4 ,illu/ration3 ,p>4 #ai4 ,illu/ration3 ,p>4 #bj4 #ca4 #a4 ,cut1 #b4 ,,"r 7,,left74 ,) a quick ext5sion ( ! arms execute a cut to ! "r 7left71 direct+ ! edge t[>d ! po9t attack$4 ,gu>d is resum$ )\t comm&4 ,! cuts are especially useful aga9/ ! head1 neck1 & h&s ( an enemy4 ,9 execut+ left cut x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! false1 or back1 edge is only #e4f in*es long4 ,! cuts c be execut$ 9 cont9uation ( /rokes1 ?ru/s1 lunges1 & p>ries4 #cb4 ,to direct an attack to ! "r1 left1 or re> ! soldi] w *ange front z quickly z possible 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t mann]1 = example3 #a4 ,to ! "r re>1 #b4 ,cut1 #c4 ,,d[n2 #a4 ,to ! "r1 #b4 ,,lunge2 #a4 ,to ! left1 #b4 ,,?ru/1 etc4 ,:5ev] possible ! impetus ga9$ by ! turn+ movem5t ( ! body %\ld be ?r[n into ! attack4 ,9 g5]al ?is w be be/ accompli%$ by turn+ on ! ball ( ! "r foot4 ,^! movem5ts con/itute a *ange ( front 9 :i* ! position ( gu>d is resum$ at ! completion ( ! movem5t4 #cc4 ,good judgm5t ( di/ance is ess5tial4 ,accuracy 9 ?ru/+ & lung+ is be/ atta9$ by practic+ ^! attacks aga9/ r+s or o!r conv5i5t op5+s1 ab\t #c in*es 9 diamet]1 suitably susp5d$ at desir$ heights4 #cd4 ,! ?ru/ & lunges at r+s %\ld fir/ be practic$ by endeavor+ to hit ! op5+ look$ at4 ,?is %\ld be foll[$ by direct+ ! attack aga9/ "o op5+ :ile look+ at ano!r4 #ce4 ,! soldi] %\ld also exp]i5ce ! effect ( actual resi/ance (f]$ to ! bayonet & ! butt ( ! rifle 9 attacks4 ,?is w be taught by practic+ attacks aga9/ a dummy4 #cf4 ,dummies %\ld be con/ruct$ 9 su* a mann] z to p]mit ! execution ( attacks )\t injury to ! po9t or edge ( ! bayonet or to ! b>rel or /ock ( ! rifle4 ,a suitable dummy c be made f pieces ( rope ab\t #e feet 9 l5g? plait$ closely toge!r into a cable betwe5 #f & #ab in*es 9 diamet]4 ,old rope is pref]able4 ,bags weight$ & /uff$ ) hay1 /raw1 %av+s1 etc41 are also suitable4 ,,def5ses4 #cg4 ,9 ! prelim9>y drills 9 ! def5ses ! position ( gu>d is resum$1 by comm&1 aft] ea* p>ry4 ,:5 ! m5 h become pr(ici5t ! in/ructor w cause !m to resume ! position ( gu>d in/antly )\t comm& aft] ! execution ( ea* p>ry4 #ch4 #a4 ,p>ry1 #b4 ,,"r4 ,keep+ ! "r h& 9 ! gu>d position1 move ! rifle %>ply to ! "r ) ! left arm1 s t ! bayonet po9t is ab\t #f in*es to ! "r4 #ci4 #a4 ,p>ry1 #b4 ,,left4 ,move ! rifle %>ply to ! left front ) bo? h&s s z to cov] ! po9t attack$4 #dj4 #a4 ,p>ry1 #b4 ,,high4 ,raise ! rifle ) bo? h&s high en\gh to cle> ! l9e ( vision1 b>rel d[nw>d1 po9t ( ! bayonet to ! left front4 ,:5 necess>y to raise ! rifle well above ! head1 x may be support$ betwe5 ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ! left h&4 ,?is position w be necess>y aga9/ attacks f high] elevations1 su* z m5 m\nt$ or on top ( p>apets4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba1 p>4 #dj4 #da4 #a4 ,l[ p>ry1 #b4 ,,"r 7,,left74 ,c>ry ! po9t ( ! bayonet d[n until x is at ! height ( ! knee1 mov+ ! po9t ( ! bayonet suffici5tly to ! "r 7left71 to keep ! oppon5t's attacks cle> ( ! po9t ?reat5$4 ,^! p>ries are r>ely us$1 z an attack bel[ ! wai/ leaves ! head & body expos$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb1 p>4 #da4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc1 p>4 #da4 #db4 ,p>ries mu/ n be too wide or sweep+1 b %>p1 %ort motions1 f9i%$ ) a j]k or quick cat*4 ,! h&s %\ld1 z f> z possible1 be kept 9 ! l9e ( attack4 ,p>ries aga9/ butt /rike are made by quickly mov+ ! gu>d s z to cov] ! po9t attack$4 #dc4 ,to provide aga9/ attack f ! "r1 left1 or re> ! soldi] w *ange front z quickly z possible 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t mann]2 = example3 #a4 ,to ! left re>1 #b4 ,p>ry1 #c4 ,,high2 #a4 ,to ! "r1 #b4 ,p>ry1 #c4 ,,"r1 etc4 ,^! movem5ts con/itute a *ange ( front 9 :i* ! position ( gu>d is resum$ at ! completion ( ! movem5t4 ,9 *ang+ front = ! purpose ( attack or def5se1 if !re is dang] ( w\nd+ a comrade1 ! rifle %\ld fir/ be br\ght to a v]tical position4 ,,iii4 ,,in/ruction ,,)\t ,,! ,,bayonet4 #dd4 #a4 ,club rifle1 #b4 ,,sw+4 ,be+ at ord] arms1 at ! prep>atory comm& quickly raise & turn ! rifle1 regrasp+ x ) bo? h&s betwe5 ! re> sight & muzzle1 b>rel d[n1 ?umbs ar\nd ! /ock & t[>d ! butt2 at ! same "t raise ! rifle above ! %\ld] f>!/ f ! oppon5t1 butt elevat$ & to ! re>1 elb[s slightly b5t & knees /raight4 ,ea* individual takes su* position ( ! feet1 %\ld]s1 & h&s z be/ accords ) 8 natural dext]ity4 ,,sw+4 ,tight5 ! grasp ,( ! h&s & sw+ ! rifle to ! front & d[nw>d1 direct+ x at ! head ( ! oppon5t1 & imm$iately return to ! position ( club rifle by complet+ ! sw+ ( ! rifle d[nw>d & to ! re>4 ,repeat by ! comm&1 ,,sw+4 ,! rifle %\ld be swung ) suffici5t =ce to break ?r\gh any gu>d or p>ry t may be int]pos$4 ,be+ at club rifle1 ord] arms is resum$ by comm&4 ,! use ( ?is attack aga9/ dummies or 9 f5c+ is prohibit$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd1 p>4 #dd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be1 p>4 #dd4 #de4 ,! position ( club rifle may be tak5 f any position ( ! rifle prescrib$ 9 ! ,manual ( ,arms4 ,x w n be tak5 9 p]sonal combat unless ! em]g5cy is su* z to preclude ! use ( ! bayonet4 ,,iv4 ,,comb9$ ,,movem5ts4 #df4 ,! purpose ( comb9$ movem5ts is to develop m vigor\s attacks & m effective def5ses ?an are obta9$1 by ! s+le movem5ts2 to develop skill 9 pass+ f attack to def5se & ! rev]se4 ,e movem5t to ! front %\ld be accompani$ by an attack1 :i* is increas$ 9 effectiv5ess by ! =w>d movem5t ( ! body4 ,e movem5t to ! re> %\ld ord9>ily be accompani$ by a p>ry & %\ld always be foll[$ by an attack4 ,movem5ts to ! "r or left may be accompani$ by attacks or def5ses4 #dg4 ,n m ?an ?ree movem5ts w be us$ 9 any comb9ation4 ,! in/ructor %\ld fir/ indicate ! numb] ( movem5ts t are to be comb9$ z two movem5ts or ?ree movem5ts4 ,! execution is1 det]m9$ by "o comm& ( execution1 & ! position ( gu>d is tak5 ^u ! completion ( ! la/ movem5t only4 ,,examples4 ,front pass & ,,lunge4 ,"r /ep & ,,?ru/4 ,left /ep & l[ p>ry ,,"r4 ,re> pass1 p>ry left & ,,lunge4 ,lunge & cut ,,"r4 ,p>ry "r & p>ry ,,high4 ,butt /rike & cut ,,d[n4 ,?ru/ & p>ry ,,high4 ,p>ry high & ,,lunge4 ,advance1 ?ru/ & cut ,,"r4 ,"r /ep1 p>ry left & cut ,,d[n4 ,to ! left1 butt /rike & cut ,,d[n4 ,to ! "r re>1 cut d[n & butt ,,/rike4 #dh4 ,attacks aga9/ dummies w be practic$4 ,! approa* w be made aga9/ ! dummies bo? 9 quick "t & d\ble "t4 ,v4 ,,practical ,,bayonet ,,combat4 #di4 ,! pr9ciples ( practical bayonet combat %\ld be taught z f> z possible dur+ ! progress ( in/ruction 9 bayonet ex]cises4 #ej4 ,! soldi] mu/ be cont9ually impress$ ) ! extreme importance ( ! (f5sive due to its moral effect4 ,%\ld an attack fail1 x %\ld be foll[$ imm$iately by ano!r attack be=e ! oppon5t has an opportunity to assume ! (f5sive4 ,keep ! oppon5t on ! def5sive4 ,if1 due to circum/ances1 x is necess>y to take ! def5sive1 con/antly wat* = an opportunity to assume ! (f5sive & take imm$iate advantage ( x4 #ea4 ,obs]ve ! gr\nd ) a view to obta9+ ! be/ foot+4 ,"t = ?is w g5]ally be too limit$ to p]mit m ?an a s+le ha/y glance4 #eb4 ,9 p]sonal combat wat* ! oppon5t's eyes if !y c be pla9ly se51 & d n fix ! eyes on 8 weapon nor ^u ! po9t ( y\r attack4 ,if 8 eyes c n be pla9ly se51 z 9 night attacks1 wat* ! movem5ts ( 8 weapon & ( 8 body4 #ec4 ,keep ! body well cov]$ & deliv] attacks vigor\sly4 ,! po9t ( ! bayonet %\ld always be kept z ne>ly z possible 9 ! l9e ( attack4 ,! less ! rifle is mov$ upw>d1 d[nw>d1 to ! "r1 or to ! left1 ! bett] prep>$ ! soldi] is = attack or def5se4 #ed4 ,con/antly wat* = a *ance to attack ! oppon5t's left h&4 ,8 position ( gu>d w n diff] mat]ially f t describ$ 9 p>agraph #bd4 ,if 8 bayonet is )\t a cutt+ edge1 he w be at a great disadvantage4 #ee4 ,! butt is us$ = close & sudd5 attacks4 ,x is p>ticul>ly useful 9 riot duty4 ,f ! position ( port arms a s5try c /rike a sev]e bl[ ) ! butt ( ! rifle4 #ef4 ,aga9/ a man on foot1 arm$ ) a sword1 be c>eful t ! muzzle ( ! rifle is n grasp$4 ,all ! swordsman's en]gies w be direct$ t[>d gett+ pa/ ! bayonet ,attack him ) %ort1 /abb+ ?ru/s & keep him beyond /rik+ di/ance ( 8 weapon4 #eg4 ,! adv]s>y may attempt a great] ext5sion 9 ! ?ru/ & lunge by quitt+ ! grasp ( 8 piece ) ! left h& & advanc+ ! "r z f> z possible4 ,:5 ?is is done1 a %>p p>ry may cause him to lose control ( 8 rifle1 leav+ him expos$ to a c\nt] attack1 :i* %\ld foll[ promptly4 #eh4 ,aga9/ odds a small numb] ( m5 c fight to be/ advantage by gr\p+ !mselves s z to prev5t _! be+ attack$ f beh9d4 #ei4 ,9 fight+ a m\nt$ man arm$ ) a sab] e ef=t mu/ be made to get on 8 ne>1 or left1 side1 because "h 8 rea* is mu* %ort] & 8 p>ries mu* weak]4 ,if n possible to disable su* an enemy1 attack 8 horse & !n r5ew ! attack on ! horseman4 #fj4 ,9 receiv+ night attacks ! assailant's movem5ts c be be/ obs]v$ f ! kneel+ or prone position1 z 8 approa* g5]ally br+s him aga9/ ! sky l9e4 ,:5 he arrives )9 attack+ di/ance rise quickly & lunge well =w>d at ! middle ( 8 body4 ,,vi4 ,,f5c+ ,,ex]cises4 #fa4 ,f5c+ ex]cises 9 two l9es consi/ ( comb9ations ( ?ru/s1 p>ries1 & foot movem5ts execut$ at comm& or at w1 ! oppon5t reply+ ) suitable p>ries & returns4 #fb4 ,! in/ructor w inspect ! entire f5c+ equipm5t be=e ! ex]cise beg9s & assure himself t ev]y?+ is 9 su* condition z w prev5t accid5ts4 #fc4 ,! m5 equip !mselves & =m 9 two l9es at ! ord]1 fac+ ea* o!r1 ) int]vals ( ab\t #d paces betwe5 files & a di/ance ( ab\t #b paces betwe5 l9es4 ,"o l9e is designat$ z numb] #a2 ! o!r1 numb] #b4 ,also z attack & def5se4 #fd4 ,! oppon5ts be+ at ! ord] fac+ ea* o!r1 ! in/ructor comm&s3 ,,salute4 ,ea* man1 ) eyes on 8 oppon5t1 c>ries ! left h& sm>tly to ! "r side1 palm ( ! h& d[n1 ?umb & f+]s ext5d$ & jo9$1 =e>m horizontal1 =ef+] t\*+ ! bayonet4 7,two47 ,drop ! arm sm>tly by ! side4 ,?is salute is ! f5c+ salute4 ,all f5c+ ex]cises & all f5c+ at w betwe5 individuals w beg9 & t]m9ate ) ! =mal c\rtesy ( ! f5c+ salute4 #fe4 ,aft] ! f5c+ salute has be5 r5d]$ ! in/ructor comm&s3 #a4 ,f5c+ ex]cise1 #b4 ,,gu>d4 ,at ! comm& gu>d ea* man comes to ! position ( gu>d1 h]et(ore def9$1 bayonets cross$1 ea* man's bayonet be>+ lightly to ! "r aga9/ ! correspond+ portion ( ! oppon5t's bayonet4 ,?is position is kn[n z ! engage or engage "r4 #ff4 ,be+ at ! engage "r3 ,,engage ,,left4 ,! attack drops ! po9t ( 8 bayonet quickly until cle> ( 8 oppon5t's rifle & describes a semicircle ) x upw>d & to ! "r2 bayonets are cross$ simil>ly z 9 ! engag$ position1 ea* man's bayonet be>+ lightly to ! left aga9/ ! correspond+ portion ( ! oppon5t's bayonet4 #fg4 ,be+ at engage left3 ,,engage ,,"r4 ,! attack quickly drops ! po9t ( 8 bayonet until cle> ( 8 oppon5t's rifle & describes a semicircle ) x upw>d & to ! left & engages4 #fh4 ,be+ engag$3 ,,engage ,,left ,,& ,,"r4 ,! attack engages left & !n imm$iately engages "r4 #fi4 ,be+ engag$ left3 ,,engage ,,"r ,,& ,,left4 ,! attack engages "r & !n imm$iately engages left4 #gj4 #a4 ,numb] "o1 ,,engage ,,"r 7,,left72 #b4 ,numb] two1 ,,c\nt]4 ,numb] "o executes ! movem5t ord]$1 z above2 numb] two quickly drops ! po9t ( 8 bayonet & circles x upw>d to ! orig9al position4 #ga4 ,9 all f5c+ :ile ma9ta9+ ! pressure 9 ! engage a c]ta9 fre$om ( motion ( ! rifle is all[able1 consi/+ ( ! play1 or up-&-d[n motion1 ( "o bayonet aga9/ ! o!r4 ,?is is necess>y to prev5t ! oppon5t f div9+ ! int5d$ attack4 ,x also prev5ts 8 us+ ! po9t ( contact z a pivot = 8 assaults4 ,9 *ang+ f "o engage to ! o!r ! movem5t is controll$ by ! left h&1 ! "r rema9+ /ation>y4 #gb4 ,aft] "s ex]cise 9 engage1 engage left1 & c\nt]1 ex]cises w be giv5 9 ! assaults4 ,,assaults4 #gc4 ,! "p ( ! body to be attack$ w be designat$ by "n1 z head1 neck1 *e/1 /oma*1 legs4 ,no attacks w be made bel[ ! knees4 ,! comm&s are giv5 & ! movem5ts = ea* l9e are fir/ expla9$ ?or\ghly by ! in/ructor2 ! execution beg9s at ! comm& assault4 ,numb] "o executes ! attack1 & numb] two p>ries2 conv]sely1 at comm&1 numb] two attacks & numb] "o p>ries4 #gd4 ,= conv5i5ce 9 in/ruction assaults are divid$ into simple attacks1 c\nt] attacks1 attacks on ! rifle1 & fe9ts4 ,,simple ,,attacks4 #ge4 ,success 9 ^! attacks dep5ds on quickness ( movem5t4 ,!re are ?ree simple attacks--! /raight1 ! dis5gagem5t1 & ! c\nt] dis5gagem5t4 ,!y are n prec$$ by a fe9t4 #gf4 ,9 ! /raight ! bayonet is direct$ /raight at an op5+ f ! engag$ position4 ,contact ) ! oppon5t's rifle may or may n be ab&on$ :ile mak+ x4 ,if ! op5+ be high or l[1 contact ) ! rifle w usually be ab&on$ on comm5c+ ! attack4 ,if ! op5+ be ne> 8 gu>d1 ! light pressure us$ 9 ! engage may be cont9u$ 9 ! attack4 ,example3 ,be+ at ! engage "r1 #a4 ,numb] "o1 at neck 7head1 *e/1 "r leg1 etc471 ?ru/2 #b4 ,numb] two1 p>ry "r2 #c4 ,,assault4 #gg4 ,9 ! dis5gagem5t contact ) ! oppon5t's rifle is ab&on$ & ! po9t ( ! bayonet is circl$ "u or ov] 8 bayonet or rifle & direct$ into ! op5+ attack$4 ,?is attack is deliv]$ by "o cont9u\s spiral movem5t ( ! bayonet f ! mom5t contact is ab&on$4 ,example3 ,be+ at ! engage "r1 #a4 ,numb] "o1 at /oma* 7left *e/1 left leg1 etc471 ?ru/2 #b4 ,numb] two1 p>ry left 7etc472 #c4 ,,assault4 #gh4 ,9 ! c\nt] dis5gagem5t a swift attack is made into ! op5+ disclos$ :ile ! oppon5t is attempt+ to *ange ! engagem5t ( 8 rifle4 ,x is deliv]$ by "o cont9u\s spiral movem5t ( ! bayonet into ! op5+4 ,example3 ,be+ at ! engage "r1 #a4 ,numb] two1 engage left2 #b4 ,numb] "o1 at *e/1 ?ru/2 #c4 ,numb] two1 p>ry left2 #d4 ,,assault4 ,numb] two initiates ! movem5t1 numb] "o ?ru/s z soon z ! op5+ is made1 & numb] two !n attempts to p>ry4 #gi4 ,a c\nt] attack or return is "o made in/antly aft] or 9 cont9uation ( a p>ry4 ,! p>ry %\ld be z n>r[ z possible4 ,?is makes x m difficult = ! oppon5t to recov] & c\nt] p>ry4 ,! c\nt] attack %\ld also be made at or j be=e ! full ext5sion ( ! oppon5t's attack1 z :5 x is s made a simple ext5sion ( ! arms w g5]ally be suffici5t to rea* ! oppon5t's body4 ,example3 ,be+ at engage1 #a4 ,numb] two1 at *e/1 lunge2 #b4 ,numb] "o1 p>ry "r1 & at /oma* 7*e/1 head1 etc471 ?ru/2 #c4 ,,assault4 ,,attacks ,,on ,,! ,,rifle4 #hj4 ,^! movem5ts are made = ! purpose ( =c+ or disclos+ an op5+ into :i* an attack c be made4 ,!y are ! press1 ! beat1 & ! twi/4 #ha4 ,9 ! press ! attack quickly presses aga9/ ! oppon5t's bayonet or rifle ) 8 own & cont9ues ! pressure z ! attack is deliv]$4 ,example3 ,be+ at ! engage1 #a4 ,numb] "o1 press1 & at *e/1 ?ru/2 #b4 ,numb] two1 p>ry "r2 #c4 ,,assault4 #hb4 ,! attack by dis5gagem5t is p>ticul>ly effective foll[+ ! press4 ,example3 ,be+ at ! engage1 #a4 ,numb] "o1 press1 & at /oma*1 ?ru/2 #b4 ,numb] two1 l[ p>ry left2 #c4 ,,assault4 #hc4 ,! beat is an attack 9 :i* a %>p bl[1 is /ruck aga9/ ! oppon5t's rifle = ! purpose ( =c+ him to expose an op5+ into :i* an attack imm$iately foll[s4 ,x is us$ :5 !re is b slight opposition or no contact ( rifles4 ,example3 ,be+ at ! engage1 #a4 ,numb] "o1 beat1 & at /oma* 7*e/1 etc471 ?ru/2 #b4 ,numb] two1 p>ry left2 #c4 ,,assault4 #hd4 ,9 ! twi/ ! rifle is cross$ ov] ! oppon5t's rifle or bayonet & 8 bayonet =c$ d[nw>d ) a circul> motion & a /raight attack made into ! op5+4 ,x requires sup]ior /r5g? on ! "p ( ! attack4 ,example3 ,be+ at ! engage1 #a4 ,numb] "o1 twi/1 & at /oma*1 ?ru/2 #b4 ,numb] two1 l[ p>ry left2 #c4 ,,assault4 ,,fe9ts4 #he4 ,fe9ts are movem5ts :i* ?reat5 or simulate attacks & are made ) a view to induc+ an op5+ or p>ry t exposes ! desir$ po9t ( attack4 ,!y are ei!r s+le or d\ble1 accord+ to ! numb] ( su* movem5ts made by ! attack4 #hf4 ,9 ord] t ! attack may be *ang$ quickly1 z little =ce z possible is put into a fe9t4 ,example3 ,be+ at ! engage1 #a4 ,numb] "o1 fe9t head ?ru/2 at /oma*1 lunge2 #b4 ,numb] two1 p>ry "r & l[ p>ry "r2 #c4 ,,assault4 ,numb] "o executes ! fe9t & !n ! attack4 ,numb] two executes bo? p>ries4 #hg4 ,9 d\ble fe9ts fir/ "o "p ( ! body & !n ano!r is ?reat5$ & a ?ird attack$4 ,example3 ,be+ at ! engage1 #a4 ,numb] "o1 fe9t /raight ?ru/ at *e/2 dis5gagem5t at *e/2 at /oma*1 lunge2 #b4 ,numb] two1 p>ry "r1 p>ry left1 & l[ p>ry left2 #c4 ,,assault4 #hh4 ,an op5+ may be (f]$ or procur$ by opposition1 z 9 ! press or beat4 #hi4 ,9 f5c+ ex]cises e fe9t %\ld at fir/ be p>ri$4 ,:5 ! def5se is able to judge or div9e ! "* ( ! attack ! fe9t is n necess>ily p>ri$1 b may be nullifi$ by a c\nt] fe9t4 #ij4 ,a c\nt] fe9t is a fe9t foll[+ ! oppon5t's fe9t or foll[+ a p>ry ( 8 attack & g5]ally occurs 9 comb9$ movem5ts4 ,,comb9$ ,,movem5ts4 #ia4 ,:5 ! m5 h become ?or\ghly famili> ) ! v>i\s foot movem5ts1 p>ries1 gu>ds1 attacks1 fe9ts1 etc41 ! in/ructor comb9es sev]al ( !m & gives ! comm&s 9 quick succession1 increas+ ! rapidity & numb] ( movem5ts z ! m5 become m skillful4 ,oppon5ts w be *ang$ frequ5tly4 #a4 ,example3 ,be+ at ! engage1 #a4 ,numb] "o1 by dis5gagem5t at *e/1 ?ru/2 #b4 ,numb] two1 p>ry left1 "r /ep 7left foot fir/71 & lunge2 #c4 ,,assault4 #b4 ,example3 ,be+ at engage left1 #a4 ,numb] "o1 press & lunge2 #b4 ,numb] two1 p>ry "r1 left /ep1 & ?ru/2 #c4 ,,assault4 #c4 ,example3 ,be+ at ! engage1 #a4 ,numb] "o1 by dis5gagem5t at *e/1 ?ru/2 #b4 ,numb] two1 p>ry left1 front pass1 & at head butt /rike2 #c4 ,numb] "o1 "r /ep2 #d4 ,,assault4 #ib4 ,examples #a & #b are typical ( movem5ts kn[n z cross c\nt]s1 & example ,no4 #c ( movem5ts kn[n z close c\nt]s4 #ic4 ,a *anc]y is an attack by means ( :i* ! oppon5t is dis>m$1 :i* causes him to lose control ( 8 rifle1 or :i* disables 8 weapon4 #id4 ,:5 ! diff]5t comb9ations are execut$ ) suffici5t skill ! in/ructor w devise s]ies ( movem5ts to be memoriz$ & execut$ at ! comm& assault4 ,! accuracy & cel]ity ( ! movem5ts w be c>efully wat*$ by ! in/ructor1 ) a view to ! correction ( faulty execution4 #ie4 ,x is n int5d$ to re/rict ! numb] ( movem5ts1 b to leave to ! discretion ( company comm&]s & ! +5uity ( in/ructors ! selection ( su* o!r ex]cises z accord ) ! object ( ! drill4 ,,vii4 ,,f5c+ ,,at ,,w4 #if4 ,z satisfactory progress is made ! in/ructor w proce$ to ! ex]cises at w1 by :i* is meant assaults betwe5 two m51 ea* endeavor+ to hit ! o!r & to avoid be+ hit himself4 ,f5c+ at w %\ld n be all[$ to deg5]ate into r&om attacks & def5ses4 #ig4 ,! in/ructor c sup]vise b "o pair ( combatants at a "t4 ,frequ5t *anges %\ld be made s t ! m5 may le>n diff]5t me?ods ( attack & def5se f ea* o!r4 #ih4 ,! conte/ %\ld beg9 ) simple1 c>eful movem5ts1 ) a view to =m+ a correct op9ion ( ! adv]s>y2 aft]w>ds ev]y?+ w dep5d on coolness1 rapid & correct execution ( ! movem5ts1 & quick p]ception ( ! adv]s>y's int5tions4 #ii4 ,cont9ual retreat f ! adv]s>y's attack & frequ5t dodg+ to escape attacks %\ld be avoid$4 ,! (f5sive %\ld be cont9ually enc\rag$4 #ajj4 ,9 f5c+ at w1 :5 no comm&s are giv51 oppon5ts fac+ ea* o!r at ! position ( ord] arms1 salute4 ,!y !n imm$iately & simultane\sly assume ! position ( gu>d1 rifles engag$4 ,nei!r man may take ! position ( gu>d be=e 8 oppon5t has complet$ 8 salute4 ,! *oice ( position is decid$ be=e ! salute4 #aja4 ,! oppon5ts be+ ab\t two paces ap>t & ! f5c+ salute hav+ be5 r5d]$1 ! in/ructor comm&s1 #a4 ,at w1 #b4 ,,assault1 aft] :i* ei!r p>ty has ! "r to attack4 ,to int]rupt ! conte/ ! in/ructor w comm&1 ,,halt1 at :i* ! combatants w imm$iately come to ! ord]4 ,to t]m9ate ! conte/1 ! in/ructor w comm&1 #a4 ,halt1 #b4 ,,salute1 at :i* ! combatants w imm$iately come to ! ord]1 salute1 & remove _! masks4 #ajb4 ,:5 m5 h acquir$ confid5ce 9 f5c+ at w1 "o oppon5t %\ld be requir$ to advance ^u ! o!r 9 quick "t at *>ge bayonet1 f a di/ance n to exce$ #aj y>ds1 & deliv] an attack4 ,z soon z a hit is made by ei!r oppon5t ! in/ructor comm&s1 ,,halt1 & ! assault t]m9ates4 ,oppon5ts alt]nate 9 assault+4 ,! assailant is likewise requir$ to advance at d\ble "t f a di/ance n exce$+ #bj y>ds & at a run f a di/ance n exce$+ #cj y>ds4 #ajc4 ,! in/ructor w closely obs]ve ! conte/ & decide d\btful po9ts4 ,he w at once /op ! conte/ ^u ! slighte/ indication ( temp]4 ,aft] conclusion ( ! combat he w comm5t on ! action ( bo? p>ties1 po9t out errors & defici5cies1 & expla9 h[ !y may be avoid$ 9 ! future4 #ajd4 ,z additional in/ruction1 ! m5 may be p]mitt$ to wield ! rifle left h&$--t is1 on ! left side ( ! body1 left h& at ! small ( ! /ock4 ,_m m5 w be able to use ?is me?od to advantage4 ,x is also ( value 9 case ! left h& is w\nd$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf1 p>4 #ajd4 #aje4 ,aft] m5 h f5c$ 9 pairs1 practice %\ld be giv5 9 f5c+ betwe5 gr\ps1 equally & unequally divid$4 ,:5 practicable1 intr5*m5ts w be us$ 9 f5c+ ( ?is "*4 ,9 gr\p f5c+ x w be necess>y to h a suffici5t numb] ( umpires to decide hits4 ,an individual receiv+ a hit is )drawn at once f ! b\t1 :i* is decid$ 9 favor ( ! gr\p hav+ ! num]ical sup]iority at ! end4 ,! f5c+ salute is n requir$ 9 gr\p f5c+4 ,,rules ,,= ,,f5c+ ,,at ,,w4 #ajf4 #a4 ,hits on ! legs bel[ ! knees w n be c\nt$4 ,no hit c\nts unless1 9 ! op9ion ( ! in/ructor1 x has suffici5t =ce to disable4 #b4 ,^u receiv+ a hit1 call out hit4 #c4 ,aft] receiv+ a fair hit a c\nt] attack is n p]mitt$4 ,a position ( engage is tak54 #d4 ,a second or ?ird hit 9 a comb9$ attack w be c\nt$ only :5 ! fir/ hit 0 n call$4 #e4 ,:5 x is necess>y to /op ! conte/--= example1 because ( break+ ( weapons or displacem5t ( means ( protection--take ! position ( ! ord]4 #f4 ,:5 x is necess>y to susp5d ! assault = any cause1 x w n be resum$ until ! adv]s>y is ready & 9 condition to def5d himself4 #g4 ,attacks direct$ at ! crot* are prohibit$ 9 f5c+4 #h4 ,/epp+ out ( b\nds1 :5 e/abli%$1 c\nts z a hit4 ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,f5c+ ,,at ,,w4 #ajg4 ,:5 engag+ 9 an assault1 fir/ /udy ! adv]s>y's position & proce$ by false attacks1 execut$ ) spe$1 to discov]1 if possible1 8 in/9ctive p>ries4 ,9 ord] to draw ! adv]s>y out & induce him to expose t "p ( ! body at :i* ! attack is to be made1 x is advisable to simulate an attack by a fe9t & !n make ! real attack4 #ajh4 ,return attacks %\ld be frequ5tly practic$1 z !y are difficult to p>ry1 & ! oppon5t is )9 easi] rea* & m expos$4 ,! return c be made a cont9uation ( ! p>ry1 z !re is no previ\s w>n+ ( its deliv]y1 al?\gh x %\ld always be expect$4 ,returns are made1 )\t lung+ if ! adv]s>y c be rea*$ by ?ru/s or cuts4 #aji4 ,endeavor to ov]come ! t5d5cy to make a return )\t kn[+ :]e x w hit4 ,mak+ returns bl9dly is a bad habit & leads to in/9ctive returns--t is1 habitual returns ) c]ta9 attacks f c]ta9 p>ries--a fault :i* ! skill$ oppon5t w soon discov]4 #aaj4 ,d n draw ! rifle back prep>atory to ?ru/+ & lung+4 #aaa4 ,! purpose ( f5c+ at w is to tea* ! soldi] z _m =ms ( simple1 effective attacks & def5ses z possible4 ,complicat$ & intricate movem5ts %\ld n be attempt$4 ,,h9ts ,,= ,,in/ructors4 #aab4 ,! influ5ce ( ! in/ructor is great4 ,he mu/ be ma/] ( 8 weapon1 n only to %[ ! v>i\s movem5ts b also to lead 9 ! ex]cises at w4 ,he %\ld /imulate ! zeal ( ! m5 & ar\se pleasure 9 ! "w4 ,(fic]s %\ld qualify !mselves z in/ructors by f5c+ ) ea* o!r4 #aac4 ,! "* ( ea* man1 8 bodily con=mation1 & 8 degree ( skill mu/ always be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,:5 ! in/ructor is demon/rat+ ! comb9ations1 fe9ts returns1 & p>ries ! rapidity ( 8 attack %\ld be regulat$ by ! skill ( ! pupil1 & no m =ce ?an is necess>y %\ld be us$4 ,if ! pupil exposes himself too mu* 9 ! fe9ts & p>ries1 ! in/ructor w1 by an attack1 conv9ce him ( 8 error2 b if ^! returns be too swiftly or too /rongly made ! pupil w become ov]cauti\s & ! precision ( 8 attack w be impair$4 ,! object is to tea* ! pupil1 n to give exhibitions ( sup]ior skill4 #aad4 ,occasionally ! in/ructor %\ld leave himself uncov]$ & fail to p>ry1 9 ord] to tea* ! pupil to take quick advantage ( su* opportunities4 ,,sugge/ions4 ,in/ruction 9 bayonet ex]cise & bayonet f5c+ %\ld be conduct$ ) a view to tea*+ ! aggressive use ( ! bayonet4 ,unless troops are s ?or\ghly tra9$ ) ! bayonet t !y believe t ) x !y are sup]ior to _! oppon5ts x w be difficult or impossible to develop t morale :i* is necess>y = a successful assault4 ,m5 %\ld be impress$ ) ! importance ( act+ always on ! (f5sive 9 bayonet combat1 ( pu%+ _! attack ) all _! might4 ,troops :i* are successful 9 _! fir/ few bayonet enc\nt]s w seldom !reaft] be call$ ^u to use ! bayonet--_! oppon5ts w n await ! assault4 ,,load+s ,,& ,,fir+s4 #aba4 ,! comm&s = load+ & fir+ are ! same :e!r /&+1 kneel+1 or ly+ d[n4 ,! fir+s are always execut$ at a halt4 ,! in/ruction 9 fir+ w be prec$$ by a comm& = load+4 ,load+s are execut$ 9 l9e & skirmi% l9e only4 #abb4 ,rifles hav+ be5 ord]$ load$ are kept load$ )\t comm& until ! comm& unload or inspection arms1 fre% clips be+ ins]t$ :5 ! magaz9e is exhau/$4 #abc4 ,! aim+ po9t or t>get is c>efully po9t$ out4 ,?is may be done be=e or aft] ann\nc+ ! sight sett+4 ,bo? are indicat$ be=e giv+ ! comm& = fir+1 b may be omitt$ :5 ! t>get appe>s sudd5ly & is unmi/akable2 9 su* cases ! battle sight is us$ if no sight sett+ is ann\nc$4 ,! troop]s mu/ be practic$ repeat$ly 9 locat+ t>gets1 mak+ ! appropriate sight sett+s1 & simulat+ fire on ! t>get indicat$4 #abd4 ,! t>get or aim+ po9t hav+ be5 designat$ & ! sight sett+ ann\nc$1 su* designation or ann\ncem5t ne$ n be repeat$ until a *ange ( ei!r or bo? is necess>y4 ,troops are tra9$ to cont9ue _! fire ^u ! aim+ po9t or t>get designat$ & at ! sight sett+ ann\nc$ until a *ange is ord]$4 #abe4 ,if ! m5 are n already 9 ! position ( load1 t position is tak5 at ! ann\ncem5t ( ! sight sett+2 if ! ann\ncem5t is omitt$1 ! position is tak5 at ! fir/ comm& = fir+4 #abf4 ,:5 deploy$1 ! use ( ! sl+ z an aid to accurate fir+ is discretion>y ) ea* man4 #abg4 ,! correct e/imation ( di/ances is ( great importance 9 connection ) all rifle fir+ except t at %ort ranges4 ,in/ruction ( ! recruit 9 ?is phase ( tra9+ mu/ n be delay$ until range fir+ is tak5 up1 b %\ld be begun 9 ! e>ly in/ruction & c>ri$ =w>d progressively1 ?us gradually develop+ ! faculties involv$4 ,9 ! same way ! occasional fir+ ( a few %ots1 fir/ ) blank c>tridges & lat] ) ball c>tridges at %ort range & "u conditions p]mitt+ v c>eful detail$ sup]vision ( ea* man's position1 w be f\nd ( exceptional value z a prelim9>y ex]cise to ! c\rse ( range fir+ prescrib$ = recruits4 ,detail$ directions = conduct+ ! in/ruction ( ! recruit 9 e/imat+ di/ances & 9 rifle fir+ are prescrib$ 9 ! ,small ,arms ,fir+ ,manual4 ,,to ,,load4 #abh4 ,be+ 9 l9e or skirmi% l9e at halt3 #a4 ,) dummy 7blank or ball7 c>tridges1 #b4 ,,load4 ,at ! comm& load ea* troop] faces half "r & c>ries ! "r foot to ! "r1 ab\t #a foot1 to su* position z w insure ! greate/ firmness & /ead9ess ( ! body1 raises or l[]s ! rifle & drops x into ! left h& at ! balance1 left ?umb ext5d$ along ! /ock1 muzzle at ! height ( ! brea/1 & turns ! cut-(f up4 ,) ! "r h& he turns & draws ! bolt back1 takes a load$ clip & ins]ts ! end 9 ! clip slots1 places ! ?umb on ! p[d] space ( ! top c>tridge1 ! f+]s ext5d+ ar\nd ! rifle & tips re/+ on ! magaz9e floor plate2 =ces ! c>tridges into ! magaz9e by press+ d[n ) ! ?umb2 )\t remov+ ! clip ?ru/s ! bolt home1 turn+ d[n ! h&le2 turns ! safety lock to ! safe2 & c>ries ! h& to ! small ( ! /ock4 ,a skirmi% l9e may load :ile mov+1 ! rifles be+ held z ne>ly z practicable 9 ! position ( load4 ,if kneel+ or sitt+1 ! position ( ! piece is simil>2 if kneel+1 ! left =e>m re/s on ! left ?igh2 if sitt+1 ! elb[s are support$ by ! knees2 if ly+ d[n1 ! left h& /eadies & supports ! piece at ! balance1 ! toe ( ! butt re/+ on ! gr\nd1 ! muzzle (f ! gr\nd4 ,= ref]5ce1 ^! positions 7/&+1 kneel+1 & ly+ d[n7 are designat$ z t ( load4 7,figs4 #ae1 #af47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg1 p>4 #abh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh1 p>4 #abh4 #abi4 ,= in/ruction 9 load+3 #a4 ,simulate1 #b4 ,,load4 ,execut$ z above describ$1 except t ! cut-(f rema9s (f & ! h&l+ ( c>tridges is simulat$4 ,! recruits are fir/ taught to simulate load+ & fir+2 aft] a few lessons dummy c>tridges may be us$4 ,lat]1 blank c>tridges may be us$4 #acj4 ,! rifle may be us$ z a s+le load] by turn+ ! magaz9e (f4 ,! magaz9e may be fill$ 9 :ole or 9 "p :ile (f or on by press+ c>tridges s+ly d[n & back until !y are 9 ! prop] place4 ,! use ( ! rifle z a s+le load] is1 h[ev]1 to be reg>d$ z exceptional4 ,,to ,,unload4 #aca4 ,,unload4 ,take ! position ( load1 turn ! safety lock up & move bolt alt]nately back & =w>d until all ! c>tridges are eject$4 ,aft] ! la/ c>tridge is eject$ ! *amb] is clos$ by fir/ ?ru/+ ! bolt slightly =w>d to free x f ! /ud hold+ x 9 place :5 ! *amb] is op51 press+ ! foll[] d[n & back to engage x "u ! bolt1 & !n ?ru/+ ! bolt home2 ! trigg] is pull$4 ,! c>tridges are !n pick$ up1 clean$1 & return$ to ! belt1 & ! rifle is br\ght to ! ord]4 ,,to ,,set ,,! ,,sight4 #acb4 ,,range1 ,,elev5 ,,hundr$ 7,,eight-,,fifty1 ,,etc471 or ,,battle ,,sight4 ,! sight is set at ! elevation indicat$4 ,! in/ructor expla9s & v]ifies sight sett+s4 ,,to ,,fire ,,by ,,volley4 #acc4 #a4 ,,ready1 #b4 ,,aim1 #c4 ,squad1 #d4 ,,fire4 ,at ! comm& ready1 turn ! safety lock to ! ready2 at ! comm& aim1 raise ! rifle ) bo? h&s & support ! butt firmly aga9/ ! holl[ ( ! "r %\ld]1 "r ?umb clasp+ ! /ock1 b>rel horizontal1 left elb[ well "u ! rifle1 "r elb[ z high z ! %\ld]2 incl9e ! head slightly =w>d & a little to ! "r1 *eek aga9/ ! /ock1 left eye clos$1 "r eye look+ ?r\gh ! not* ( ! re> sight s z to p]ceive ! object aim$ at1 second jo9t ( =ef+] re/+ lightly aga9/ ! front ( ! trigg] & tak+ up ! slack2 top ( front sight is c>efully rais$ into1 & held 91 ! l9e ( sight4 ,9 aim+ kneel+ ! left elb[ re/s on ! left knee1 po9t ( elb[ 9 front ( kneecap4 ,9 aim+ sitt+ ! elb[s are support$ by ! knees4 ,9 aim+ ly+ d[n raise ! rifle ) bo? h&s1 re/ on bo? elb[s & press ! butt firmly aga9/ ! "r %\ld]4 ,at ! comm& fire1 press ! f+] aga9/ ! trigg]2 fire )\t d]ang+ ! aim & )\t l[]+ or turn+ ! rifle2 l[] ! rifle to ! position ( load & load4 7,figs4 #ag1 #ah1 #ai47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi1 p>4 #acc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj1 p>4 #acc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca1 p>4 #acc4 #acd4 ,to cont9ue ! fir+3 #a4 ,,aim1 #b4 ,squad1 #c4 ,,fire4 ,ea* comm& is execut$ z previ\sly expla9$4 ,load 7f magaz9e7 is execut$ by draw+ back & ?ru/+ home ! bolt ) ! "r h&1 leav+ ! safety lock at ! ready4 ,,to ,,fire ,,at ,,w4 #ace4 ,,fire ,,at ,,w4 ,ea* man1 indep5d5tly ( ! o!r1 comes to ! ready1 aims c>efully & delib]ately at ! aim+ po9t or t>get1 fires1 loads1 & cont9ues ! fir+ until ord]$ to susp5d or cease fir+4 #acf4 ,to increase 7decrease7 ! rate ( fire 9 progress ! ,in/ructor %\ts3 ,,fa/] 7,,sl[]74 ,m5 are tra9$ to fire at ! rate ( ab\t ?ree %ots p] m9ute at effective ranges & five or six at close ranges1 devot+ ! m9imum ( "t to load+ & ! maximum to delib]ate aim+4 ,to illu/rate ! necessity = delib]ation1 & to habituate m5 to battle conditions1 small & comp>atively indi/9ct t>gets are designat$4 ,,to ,,fire ,,by ,,clip4 #acg4 ,,clip ,,fire4 ,execut$ 9 ! same mann] z fire at w1 except t ea* man1 aft] hav+ exhau/$ ! c>tridges !n 9 ! rifle1 susp5ds fir+4 ,,to ,,susp5d ,,fir+4 #ach4 ,! in/ructor bl[s a long bla/ ( ! :i/le & repeats same1 if necess>y1 or comm&s3 ,,susp5d ,,fir+4 ,fir+ /ops2 rifles are held1 load$1 & lock$ 9 a position ( read9ess = in/ant resumption ( fir+1 sights un*ang$4 ,! m5 cont9ue to obs]ve ! t>get or aim+ po9t1 or ! place at :i* ! t>get disappe>$1 or at :i* x is expect$ to reappe>4 ,?is :i/le signal may be us$ z a prelim9>y to cease fir+4 ,,to ,,cease ,,fir+4 #aci4 ,,cease ,,fir+4 ,fir+ /ops2 rifles n already !re are br\ght to ! position ( load1 ! cut-(f turn$ d[n if fir+ f magaz9e1 ! c>tridge is drawn or ! empty %ell is eject$1 ! trigg] is pull$1 sights are laid d[n1 & ! rifle is br\ght to ! ord]4 ,cease fir+ is us$ = long pauses to prep>e = *anges ( position or to /eady ! m54 #adj4 ,comm&s = susp5d+ or ceas+ fire may be giv5 at any "t aft] ! prep>atory comm& = fir+ :e!r ! fir+ has actually comm5c$ or n4 ,,t>get ,,designation4 #ada4 ,9 ! tra9+ ( m5 9 ! me*anism ( ! fir+ l9e1 !y %\ld be practic$ 9 repeat+ to "o ano!r t>get & aim+ po9t designations & 9 quickly locat+ & po9t+ out a designat$ t>get4 ,!y %\ld be taught to di/+ui%1 f a prone position1 di/ant objects1 p>ticul>ly troops1 bo? ) ! nak$ eye & ) field glasses4 ,ow+ to ! inv>iable cu/om ( attempt+ to conceal fire tr5*es1 x is necess>y to h "s ready me?od ( indicat+ ! exact location ( an indi/9ct pit or tr5* occupi$ or suppos$ to be occupi$ by an enemy 9 ord] t effective fire may be op5$4 ,! s-call$ clock sy/em furni%es "o ( ! simple/ devices = s do+4 ,two me?ods ( apply+ ?is sy/em are indicat$ bel[4 ,fir/ me?od3 ,t 9 :i* an imag9>y clock dial is assum$ to be horizontal1 its c5t] at ! fir+ po9t & ! c5t]-,,xii l9e ( ! dial p]p5dicul> to ! front ( ! fir+ l9e4 ,to designate a t>get ! comm&] ann\nces1 = example3 ,t>get at #aa o'clock1 range #hjj y>ds1 a tr5*4 ,ea* man looks along ! c5t]-#aa o'clock l9e ( 8 imag9>y dial1 e/imates ! di/ance 7#hjj y>ds7 along t l9e1 & !reby locates ! tr5*4 ,9 ?is me?od x is necess>y t ! t>get be visible to ! nak$ eye & t ea* man be able to e/imate di/ances ) fair accuracy4 ,second me?od3 ,t 9 :i* an imag9>y clock dial is assum$ to be v]tical1 its c5t] be+ at a prom95t1 di/ant po9t select$ by ! comm&] & call$ ! ref]5ce po9t4 ,to designate a t>get ! comm&] ann\nces1 = example3 ,ref]5ce po9t1 t clump ( trees on hill cre/4 ,:5 ! m5 h locat$ ! ref]5ce po9t he ann\nces3 ,t>get at #d o'clock1 #b f+] wid?s1 range #a1jjj y>ds1 a gun pit4 ,by a f+] wid? is meant ! di/ance on ! face ( ! assum$ v]tical clock 7actually on ! l&scape7 int]cept$ by ! bread? ( a man's f+] held p]p5dicul>ly to 8 h& & arm1 ! latt] be+ fully ext5d$ 9 ! direction ( ! ref]5ce po9t4 ,ea* man looks along ! c5t]-#d o'clock l9e ( ! imag9>y 7v]tical7 dial1 measures1 on ?is l9e1 a po9t di/ant #b f+]-wid?s f ! ref]5ce po9t 7! c5t] ( ! dial71 & ?us locates ! gun pit4 ,a comb9ation ( ! two me?ods may be necess>y :51 9 us+ ! second me?od1 ! ref]5ce po9t is n readily id5tifi$4 ,?us1 9 ! case m5tion$1 x may1 = example1 be necess>y to say3 ,ref]5ce po9t at #a o'clock1 clump ( trees on hill cre/4 ,9 bo? me?ods ! sequ5ce ( comm&s laid d[n %\ld be obs]v$4 ,v>i\s devices = po9t+ out indi/9ct t>gets may be improvis$ & us$4 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,cov]4 #adb4 ,! recruit %\ld be giv5 c>eful in/ruction 9 ! individual use ( cov]4 ,x %\ld be impress$ ^u him t1 9 tak+ advantage ( natural cov]1 he mu/ be able to fire easily & effectively ^u ! enemy2 if advanc+ on an enemy1 he mu/ d s /eadily & z rapidly z practicable1 tak+ advantage ( any available cov] :ile sett+ ! sights1 fir+1 or advanc+4 ,to tea* him to fire easily & effectively1 at ! same "t conceal+ himself f ! view ( ! enemy1 he is practic$ 9 simulat$ fir+ 9 ! prone1 sitt+1 kneel+1 & cr\*+ positions1 f beh9d hillocks1 trees1 heaps ( e>? or rocks1 f depressions1 gullies1 dit*es1 doorways1 or w9d[s4 ,he is taught to fire ar\nd ! "r side ( 8 concealm5t :5ev] practicable1 or1 :5 ?is is n practicable1 to rise en\gh to fire ov] ! top ( 8 concealm5t4 ,:5 ^! details are und]/ood1 he is requir$ to select cov] ) ref]5ce to an assum$ enemy & to place himself beh9d x 9 prop] position = fir+4 #adc4 ,! disadvantage ( rema9+ too long 9 "o place1 h[ev] good ! concealm5t1 %\ld be expla9$4 ,he %\ld be taught to advance f cov] to cov]1 select+ cov] 9 advance be=e leav+ 8 concealm5t4 ,x %\ld be impress$ ^u him t a man runn+ rapidly t[>d an enemy furni%es a poor t>get4 ,he %\ld be tra9$ 9 spr++ f a prone position beh9d concealm5t1 runn+ at top spe$ to cov] & ?r[+ himself beh9d x4 ,he %\ld also be practic$ 9 advanc+ f cov] to cov] by crawl+1 or by ly+ on ! left side1 rifle grasp$ 9 ! "r h&1 & pu%+ himself =w>d ) ! "r leg4 ,he %\ld be taught t :5 fir$ on :ile act+ indep5d5tly1 he %\ld drop to ! gr\nd1 seek cov]1 & !n endeavor to locate 8 enemy2 also t 9 ! sun he is visible to a mu* great] degree ?an :5 9 ! %ade4 ,! in/ruction ( ! recruit 9 ! use ( cov] is cont9u$ 9 combat ex]cises ( ! squad & platoon1 b he mu/ !n be taught t ! prop] advance ( ! platoon or troop & ! effectiv5ess ( its fire is ( great] importance ?an ! "q ( cov] = individuals %\ld ! two consid]ations conflict4 ,he %\ld also be taught t he may n move ab\t or %ift 8 position 9 ! fir+ l9e except to get a bett] view ( ! t>get4 ,,obs]vation4 #add4 ,9 ord] to develop ! faculty ( rapid & accurate obs]vation1 :i* is ( great importance 9 campaign1 ! recruit %\ld be tra9$ 9 tak+ notice ( 8 surr\nd+s1 at fir/ f select$ positions & lat] at ! v>i\s gaits4 ,he %\ld be practic$ "u v>i\s conditions ( wea!r 9 recogniz+ colors & =ms2 9 po9t+ out & nam+ milit>y features ( ! gr\nd2 9 obs]v+ ! effect ( ! direction ( light on di/9ctness ( objects2 9 recogniz+ at gradually increas+ di/ances ! animate & inanimate objects ord9>ily met ) 9 ! field2 9 c\nt+ di/ant objects2 & 9 e/imat+ ! size ( gr\ps1 su* z h]ds ( animals & bodies ( troops4 ,,manual ,,( ,,! ,,pi/ol4 #ade4 ,in/ruction "u ?is head is fir/ giv5 on foot1 ! recruit hav+ previ\sly be5 made famili> ) ! me*anism ( ! pi/ol1 ! names ( ! pr9cipal p>ts1 & ! me?od ( clean+1 assembl+1 & op]at+ x4 ,:5 a lany>d is us$ ! snaps are atta*$ to ! butt ( ! pi/ol & ! magaz9e1 ! lany>d is pass$ ov] ! head1 & ! slid+ loop drawn snug aga9/ ! "r armpit4 ,! lany>d %\ld !n be ( j su* l5g? t ! arm c be ext5d$ )\t con/ra9t4 ,= dism\nt$ in/ruction ) ! pi/ol ! troop]s may be =m$ ) or )\t int]vals4 ,dur+ in/ruction 9 ! manual ( ! pi/ol giv5 :5 dism\nt$ ) int]vals ea* troop] t]m9ates ! fir/ execution ( raise pi/ol by c>ry+ 8 "r foot #bd in*es to ! "r & plac+ 8 left h& 9 ! position ( 8 bridle h&4 ,?is position is !n reta9$ until return pi/ol is execut$1 :5 ! position ( att5tion is resum$4 ,at all o!r times :5 movem5ts 9 ! manual ( ! pi/ol are execut$ dism\nt$ ! left h& is rais$ to ! position ( ! bridle h& :5ev] us$ to manipulate ! me*anism & is !n dropp$ aga9 to ! side4 #adf4 ,except 9 ! act ( fir+1 ! automatic pi/ol1 :5 actually on ! p]son1 :e!r load$ or unload$1 w be c>ri$ cock$ & lock$4 ,at all o!r times ! hamm] w be l[]$ fully d[n4 #adg4 ,! pi/ol be+ 9 ! hol/]1 to raise pi/ol3 #a4 ,raise1 #b4 ,,pi/ol4 ,raise3 ,unbutton ! flap ( ! hol/] ) ! "r h& & grasp ! /ock1 back ( ! h& outw>d4 ,,pi/ol3 ,draw ! pi/ol f ! hol/]2 rev]se x1 muzzle up1 ! h& hold+ ! /ock ) ! ?umb & la/ ?ree f+]s1 =ef+] outside ! gu>d1 b>rel to ! re> & incl9$ to ! front at an angle ( #cj1 h& z high z ! neck & #f in*es 9 front ( ! po9t ( ! "r %\ld]4 ,?is is ! position ( raise pi/ol4 7,fig4 #cb47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb1 p>4 #adg4 #adh4 ,be+ at raise pi/ol1 to inspect pi/ol3 #a4 ,inspection1 #b4 ,,pi/ol4 7a7 ,:5 a magaz9e is 9 ! pi/ol3 ,pu% d[n ! safety lock & l[] ! "r h& to )9 easy rea* ( ! left1 pi/ol po9t$ upw>d & to ! "r front at an angle ( ab\t #cj2 grasp ! corrugations ( ! slide ) ! left ?umb & =ef+]1 ?umb to ! "r2 ?ru/ upw>d ) ! "r h&1 ?us draw+ back ! slide until ! slide /op is engag$ 7fig4 #ce72 resume raise pi/ol 7fig4 #cc74 7b7 ,:5 no magaz9e is 9 ! pi/ol3 ,pu% d[n ! safety lock & l[] ! pi/ol to ! left h&1 rotat+ ! pi/ol s t ! sights move to ! left1 b>rel po9t+ d[nw>d & to ! left front1 /ock po9t+ upw>d & to ! "r front2 ) ! left ?umb & =ef+] grasp ! corrugations ( ! slide1 back ( ! left h& d[n 7fig4 #cd72 *ange ! grasp ( ! "r h& slightly until ! ?umb presses aga9/ ! r\nd$ surface ( ! slide /op2 ?ru/ d[nw>d & to ! left front ) ! "r h&1 ?us draw+ back ! slide1 & at ! same "t press ! slide /op ) ! "r ?umb aga9/ ! slide until x engages2 resume raise pi/ol4 ,inspection pi/ol is nev] execut$ ) a load$ pi/ol or ) a load$ magaz9e 9 ! pi/ol4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc1 p>4 #adh 7a74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd1 p>4 #adh 7b74 #adi4 #a4 ,return1 #b4 ,,pi/ol4 7a7 ,be+ at raise pi/ol2 lock ! pi/ol1 if n lock$2 l[] ! pi/ol to ! hol/]1 rev]s+ x1 muzzle d[n1 back ( ! h& to ! "r2 raise ! flap ( ! hol/] ) ! "r ?umb2 ins]t ! pi/ol 9 ! hol/] & ?ru/ x home2 button ! flap ( ! hol/] ) ! "r h&4 7b7 ,be+ at inspection pi/ol2 7) a magaz9e 9 ! pi/ol7 l[] ! pi/ol to ! left h& & grasp ! slide z prescrib$ = inspection pi/ol )\t magaz9e 7p>4 #adh-;b1 fig4 #bb72 ?ru/ d[nw>d & to ! left front ) ! "r h&1 ?us reliev+ ! pressure on ! slide /op1 & at ! same "t dis5gage ! slide /op ) ! "r ?umb2 release ! slide2 rev]se & lock ! pi/ol2 place x 9 hol/] z prescrib$ 9 7a74 ,if !re is no magaz9e 9 ! pi/ol1 l[] x to ! bridle h& z 9 load 7p>4 #aea72 draw back ! slide & release x2 lock ! pi/ol & place x ,9 ! hol/]4 ,:5 ! la/ %ot is fir$ ! slide /op engages automatically4 ,return pi/ol is !n execut$ z f inspection pi/ol 7b74 #aej4 ,be+ at raise pi/ol1 to ins]t a magaz9e 9 ! pi/ol3 #a4 ,ins]t1 #b4 ,,magaz9e1 or #b4 ,,load$ ,,magaz9e4 7a7 ,:5 a magaz9e is 9 ! pi/ol3 ,l[] ! pi/ol into ! left h&1 rotat+ x s t ! sights move to ! left2 grasp ! slide ) ! left h&1 back ( ! h& d[n1 b>rel po9t+ d[nw>d to ! left front1 /ock po9t+ upw>d to ! "r front2 release ! magaz9e cat* ) ! middle f+] ( ! left h&2 )draw ! magaz9e ) ! "r h&2 ins]t ! designat$ magaz9e & resume raise pi/ol4 ,if !re be no empty space 9 ! magaz9e pocket :5 ! magaz9e is )drawn f ! pi/ol1 ! magaz9e may be held betwe5 ! left ?umb & ! /ock ( ! pi/ol until ! magaz9e has be5 tak5 f ! pocket & ins]t$2 ! magaz9e )drawn f ! pi/ol is !n ins]t$ 9 ! magaz9e pocket4 ,:5ev] ! magaz9e cat* is releas$1 ! "r h& %\ld be s plac$ z to limit ! motion ( ! magaz9e & prev5t its fall+ out4 7b7 ,:5 no magaz9e is 9 ! pi/ol3 ,l[] ! pi/ol into ! left h& & grasp x z be=e2 ins]t ! designat$ magaz9e & resume raise pi/ol4 ,a load$ magaz9e w nev] be ins]t$ )\t specific comm&4 #aea4 ,be+ at raise pi/ol ) a load$ magaz9e 9 ! pi/ol1 to load3 ,,load3 ,pu% d[n ! safety lock & l[] ! pi/ol to ! bridle h& z prescrib$ = inspection pi/ol :5 a magaz9e is 9 ! pi/ol 7p>4 #adh 7a772 op]ate ! slid]1 engage ! safety lock ) ! "r ?umb1 & raise pi/ol4 7,fig4 #ce47 ,to simulate load+ = in/ruction1 fir/ )draw ! empty magaz9e4 ,! comm& load may be giv5 9 connection ) ! ins]tion ( ! magaz9e1 = example3 #a4 ,ins]t1 #b4 ,,load$ ,,magaz9e2 #c4 ,,load4 ,aft] ins]t+ magaz9e1 rev]se ! pi/ol & load z above prescrib$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce1 p>4 #aea4 #aeb4 ,be+ 9 any position1 to eject ! c>tridge f ! receiv]3 ,,unload4 ,pass ! pi/ol into ! left h& z 9 ins]t magaz9e2 release ! magaz9e cat* ) ! middle f+] ( ! left h&1 slightly dis5gag+ ! magaz9e2 pu% d[n ! safety lock ) ! "r ?umb2 op]ate ! slide to eject ! c>tridge2 engage ! magaz9e2 raise & lock ! pi/ol4 #aec4 ,be+ 9 any position1 to )draw ! magaz9e f ! pi/ol3 ,,)draw ,,magaz9e4 ,h&le ! pi/ol z 9 ins]t magaz9e2 release ! magaz9e cat*2 )draw ! magaz9e & execute raise pi/ol4 ,recruits are taught ! motions ( load+ & fir+ )\t c>tridges1 & pref]ably )\t a magaz9e 9 ! pi/ol to avoid we> on ! magaz9e lips4 ,load+ & po9t+ practice %\ld be _h at all gaits4 #aed4 ,! hamm] is always l[]$ prep>atory to plac+ ! pi/ol 9 ! arm rack or o!r place ( deposit4 #aee4 ,be+ at raise pi/ol1 to l[] ! hamm]3 7a7 ,us+ bo? h&s3 ,pu% d[n ! safety lock2 assume ! position ( load2 seat ! "r ?umb firmly on ! hamm] & hold x !re2 raise ! left h&1 to ! "r & press ! grip safety ) ! left ?umb2 ins]t ! =ef+] inside ! trigg] gu>d2 press ! trigg] & c>efully let ! hamm] d[n ) ! "r ?umb4 ,resume raise pi/ol4 7b7 ,us+ b "o h&3 ,raise ! "r h& until ! muzzle ( ! pi/ol is well above ! head2 dis5gage ! safety lock2 seat ! ball ( ! "r ?umb firmly on ! hamm]2 be> d[n ! grip safety by pressure on ! hamm]2 press ! trigg] & c>efully let d[n ! hamm] ) ! "r ?umb4 #aef4 ,to *>ge ! magaz9e3 ,hold ! magaz9e 9 ! left h&1 op5 end up1 r\nd$ side to ! "r4 ,take ! c>tridge 9 ! "r h&1 ?umb on ! rim1 bullet end po9t+ to ! "r2 place ! rim on ! end ( ! magaz9e foll[]2 =ce d[n ! magaz9e spr+ & slip ! c>tridge to ! left ( ! magaz9e4 ,! next c>tridge is simil>ly slipp$ 9 by plac+ x on ! c>tridge j ins]t$ & =c+ d[n ! spr+4 ,! magaz9e may be *>g$ ) any numb] ( c>tridges f "o to sev54 ,be=e dismiss+ ! squad1 pi/ols w be inspect$1 & if f\nd load$1 w be unload$ & magaz9es )drawn to prev5t load$ or p>tially load$ magaz9es be+ left 9 ! pi/ol4 ,except at t>get practice1 on gu>d duty1 or active s]vice1 ! pi/ol is habitually c>ri$ unload$ ) empty magaz9e4 ,,employm5t ,,( ,,! ,,pi/ol4 #aeg4 ,! pi/ol is prim>ily a weapon = use at v close range4 ,its *>act]i/ic employm5t by cavalry is 9 m\nt$ fir+ f a horse mov+ at a rapid gait4 ,"u su* conditions its effectiv5ess is almo/ negligible at ranges ov] #be y>ds aga9/ individuals or ov] #ej y>ds aga9/ a l9e 9 close ord] except 9 ! h&s ( exceptionally skill$ %ots1 & ! effectiv5ess rapidly decreases at ranges ov] #e to #aj y>ds4 ,^! limitations on ! use ( ! pi/ol are due n to its %ort range z a weapon b to ! difficulties ( direct+ x accurately "u ! conditions ( use4 ,:ile ! pi/ol is a weapon employ+ fire action1 its tactical employm5t is m ne>ly analog\s to t ( ei!r ! sab] or bayonet ?an to t ( ! rifle4 #aeh4 ,f ! prec$+ p>agraph x results t !re is no ne$1 9 connection ) ! employm5t ( ! pi/ol z a weapon ( m\nt$ combat1 = comm&s t purport to designate a t>get or to indicate range or o!r details = ! direction ( fire4 ,! only comm&s ord9>ily ne$$ are ^? requir$ = in/ruction purposes4 7,see ,small-,arms ,fir+ ,manual47 #aei4 ,! effectiv5ess ( ! individual troop] 9 m\nt$ pi/ol combat dep5ds ^u3 7a7 ,?or\gh famili>ity ) ! weapon & facility 9 manipulat+ its me*anism "u all conditions4 ,?is is acquir$ by tra9+ 9 ! ,manual ( ! ,pi/ol4 ,con/ant practice is necess>y 9 rapidly draw+ ! pi/ol f its hol/]1 load+ x1 )draw+ magaz9e1 & ins]t+ magaz9e1 at fir/ at a halt1 lat] 9 motion1 & f9ally at rapid gaits4 7b7 ,skill 9 fir+ ! pi/ol4 ,?is is acquir$ by actual practice 9 ! prelim9>y ex]cises & range fir+ z prescrib$ 9 ! ,small-,arms ,fir+ ,manual4 7c7 ,control ( ! horse4 ,?is is acquir$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,troop]4 7d7 ,! ?or\gh inculcation 9 ! troop] ( ! habit ( )hold+ 8 fire until )9 close range4 ,?is c well be accompli%$ 9 individual tra9+ by ex]cises 9 fir+ or simulat+ fire at "o or m silh\ette t>gets4 ,! troop] approa*es at a gait graduat$ 9 accordance ) 8 /ate ( tra9+ & is requir$ to )hold 8 fire until he passes a c]ta9 l9e4 #afj4 ,! o!r elem5ts t ent] into effective use ( ! pi/ol z a m\nt$ weapon relate to ! =mations & tactics employ$ r ?an to individual tra9+4 ,!y p]ta91 !re=e1 to collective r ?an individual in/ruction4 #afa4 ,if any comm& be requir$ 9 connection ) ! *>act]i/ic use ( ! pi/ol 9 m\nt$ combat1 x consi/s simply ( an indication ( ! mom5t at :i* fire may beg94 ,= ?is purpose ! comm& ,,comm5ce ,,fir+ may be employ$ 9 any case = :i* a comm& may be desirable4 ,,manual ,,( ,,! ,,sab]1 ,,dism\nt$4 #afb4 ,= ?is in/ruction1 dism\nt$1 ! sab] 9 ! scabb>d is c>ri$ 9 ! left h&4 ,9 ! position ( att5tion ! sab] w be held upright by ! side1 gu>d to ! front1 ! %oe ( ! scabb>d re/+ on ! gr\nd close to ! left foot & j 9 front ( ! heel4 ,! left arm w be ext5d$1 ! f+]s & ?umb grasp+ ! scabb>d1 back ( ! h& outw>d4 ,9 ! necess>y movem5ts on foot ) ! sab] 9 h& ! sab] is c>ri$ ) ! hilt to ! front & high] ?an ! %oe ( ! scabb>d4 ,(fic]s1 dism\nt$1 may c>ry ! sab] 9 ! holl[ ( ! left arm1 elb[ b5t1 =e>m horizontal1 gu>d ( ! sab] to ! front1 blade v]tical4 ,an (fic] or noncommission$ (fic] habitually draws sab] be=e giv+ any comm&s involv+ ! use ( t weapon by ^? "u him4 ,(fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s out ( ranks draw sab] only on occasions :5 ! m5 draw sab] unless o!rwise prescrib$4 ,! sab] may be drawn = signal+4 #afc4 ,! sab] is int5d$ = m\nt$ combat4 ,! in/ructor w impress ^u ! recruit f ! fir/ t ! use ( ! sab] 9 w> is ord9>ily limit$ to occasions ( m\nt$ combat1 & t in/ruction on foot 9 its use is m]ely prelim9>y to ! m\nt$ tra9+ :i* ! recruit w receive lat]4 #afd4 ,= dism\nt$ in/ruction1 if ! squad is 9 ranks ! in/ructor causes int]vals or di/ances 7p>s4 #he-hh7 to be tak5 be=e draw+ sab]4 #afe4 #a4 ,draw1 #b4 ,,sab]4 ,at ! comm& draw1 grasp ! scabb>d ) ! left h& ab\t #d in*es f ! m\?1 place ! left h& aga9/ ! ?igh1 & c>ry ! hilt to ! front2 turn ! head slightly to ! left )\t d]ang+ ! position & glance at ! sab] knot2 engage ! "r wri/ 9 ! sab] knot & give x two turns inw>d to secure x2 grasp ! hilt ) ! "r h& & draw ! sab] ab\t #f in*es f ! scabb>d & look to ! front4 ,at ! comm& sab]1 draw ! sab] quickly1 rais+ ! arm to ! front & upw>d to its full l5g?1 sab] 9 prolongation ( ! arm4 ,make a %ort pause ) ! sab] rais$1 !n br+ x d[n ) ! blade aga9/ ! holl[ ( ! "r %\ld]1 gu>d to ! front1 "r h& at ! hip1 ! ?ird & f\r? f+]s on ! back ( ! grip & ! elb[ back4 ,! left h& holds ! scabb>d z at att5tion4 ,?is is ! position ( c>ry sab] dism\nt$4 #aff4 #a4 ,return1 #b4 ,,sab]4 ,at ! comm& return1 grasp ! scabb>d z 9 draw sab] & c>ry ! op5+ to ! front4 ,c>ry ! sab] to ! front ) arm half ext5d$ until ! ?umb is ab\t #f in*es 9 front ( ! *91 ! blade v]tical1 gu>d to ! left1 ! ?umb ext5d$ along ! side ( ! grip1 ! little f+] jo9$ ) ! o!rs4 ,at ! comm& sab]1 move ! wri/ to opposite ! left %\ld]1 l[] ! blade & pass x across & along ! left arm1 po9t to ! re>4 ,turn ! head to ! left1 fix+ ! eyes ^u ! op5+ ( ! scabb>d3 raise ! "r h& & ins]t ! blade 9 ! scabb>d & pu% x home4 ,dis5gage ! wri/ f ! sab] knot & resume ! position ( att5tion4 #afg4 ,be+ at c>ry sab]3 #a4 ,pres5t1 #b1 ,,sab]4 ,)\t *ang+ ! position ( ! left h&1 execute at ! comm& sab] :at is prescrib$ 9 p>4 #aff at ! comm& return1 except t ! grip is held 9 ! full grasp4 ,! sab] is said to be held 9 ! full grasp :5 all f\r f+]s grasp ! grip1 ! ?umb ext5d+ along ! back 9 ! groove1 ! f+]s press+ ! back ( ! grip aga9/ ! heel ( ! h&4 ,(fic]s at ! comm&3 #a4 ,pres5t1 execute pres5t sab] z describ$ above2 at ! comm&3 #b4 ,,sab]1 !y l[] ! sab] until ! po9t is #ab in*es f ! gr\nd & direct$ to ! front1 gu>d to ! left1 "r arm /raight1 h& beside ! ?igh4 ,m\nt$1 ! po9t ,is l[]$ to ! level ( ! /irrup4 #afh4 ,be+ at c>ry sab]3 #a4 ,port1 #b4 ,,sab]4 ,c>ry ! "r foot ab\t #bd in*es to ! "r1 br+ ! left h& to ! position ( ! bridle h& & raise ! sab] to a v]tical position1 gu>d to ! front1 grip held 9 ! full grasp1 "r h& ab\t #ab in*es 9 front ( ! %\ld]4 ,to resume ! c>ry3 #a4 ,c>ry1 #b4 ,,sab]4 #afi4 ,be+ at c>ry sab]1 or 9 any position3 ,,gu>d4 ,c>ry ! "r foot ab\t #bd in*es to ! "r & b5d knees to simulate ! position m\nt$4 ,incl9e ! body to ! front f ! wai/ 7n ! hips74 ,let ! blade fall to ! front to a position ne>ly horizontal1 elb[ well away f ! body1 =e>m & sab] =m+ "o /raight l9e1 gu>d to ! "r1 po9t at ! height ( ! adv]s>y's brea/1 ! left h& 9 ! position ( ! bridle h&4 7,fig4 #bd47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf1 p>4 #afi4 #agj4 ,be+ at c>ry sab]3 #a4 ,inspection1 #b4 ,,sab]4 ,c>ry ! "r h& upw>d1 arm half ext5d$ until ! ?umb is at ! height ( ! *91 grip held 9 ! full grasp1 blade v]tical1 gu>d to ! left4 ,make a slight pause1 !n loos5 ! grasp on ! grip & turn ! sab] ) ! gu>d to ! "r4 ,aga9 make a slight pause1 !n resume ! fir/ position & return to ! c>ry4 #aga4 ,sab] ex]cise is conduct$1 & in/ruction giv51 z prescrib$ 9 ! ,sab] ex]cise4 ,= ,manual ( ! ,sab] ,m\nt$1 see p>4 #bde4 ,section #d4 ,s*ool ( ! ,troop]1 ,m\nt$4 ,,g5]al ,,provisions4 #agb4 ,object4--,! prim>y object ( ?is s*ool is to tra9 ! troop] 9 horseman%ip & 9 ! ready use ( 8 weapons :ile m\nt$4 #agc4 ,! in/ructor4--,x is ess5tial t ! in/ructor 7p>4 #cg7 be a skill$ & exp]i5c$ horseman1 prop]ly m\nt$4 ,he %\ld always supplem5t ! orig9al explanation ( a movem5t by execut+ x himself1 s t ! recruits may actually see ! result t is desir$ & ! means by :i* x is effect$4 #agd4 ,cautions to in/ructors4--,! in/ructor mu/ fir/ develop ! confid5ce ( ! recruit1 give him a prop] seat1 & make him supple on ! horse4 ,progress %\ld be suit$ to 8 capacity & exempt him z f> z practicable f falls or o!r accid5ts4 ,in/ruction 9 ! use ( ! aids & 9 ! means employ$ to tra9 ! horse to obey !m w foll[4 ,:5 ! recruit has acquir$ confid5ce 9 8 ability to ride & control 8 horse he w be in/ruct$ 9 ! use ( arms m\nt$4 ,in/ruction is giv5 individually2 e new movem5t is made ! object ( a p>ticul> lesson giv5 to ea* troop] 9 turn4 ,dur+ ! ex]cise ! in/ructor avoids g5]al rem>ks & 79 s f> z possible7 unfamili> t]ms2 9 ! correction ( faults he addresses by "n ^? committ+ !m4 ,he passes frequ5tly f "o troop] to ano!r repeat+ advice & endeavor+ to impress ^u ! troop]s ! pr9ciples embodi$ 9 ! regulations4 ,9 do+ ?is he ne$ n use ! language ( ! text4 ,! in/ructor may be on foot or m\nt$4 ,= ! fir/ lessons x is advantage\s to rema9 on foot s z bett] to expla9 movem5ts & correct faults4 ,/eady1 well-tra9$ horses are select$ = ! fir/ lessons4 ,! troop]s ex*ange horses f "t to "t dur+ ! lesson on indication f ! in/ructor4 ,!re %\ld be frequ5t re/s1 especially ) recruits4 ,dur+ ^! re/s advantage may be tak5 ( ! opportunity to "q ! troop]s respect+ ! in/ruction !y h receiv$4 ,9 all ex]cises ! in/ructor v>ies ! gait s z n to we>y ! troop]s or ! horses4 ,! in/ruction is conduct$ )\t hurry4 ,! daily "w beg9s & ends at ! walk4 #age4 ,! /&>d requir$ ( troop]s4--,to be a good milit>y horseman ea* troop] %\ld-- 7a7 ,h a /rong seat4 7b7 ,be able to apply correctly ! aids by :i* a horse is controll$4 7c7 ,be capable ( cov]+ long di/ances on horseback ) ! lea/ possible fatigue to 8 horse & to himself4 7d7 ,be able to use 8 horse to ! utmo/ advantage 9 a m\nt$ fight4 7e7 ,be capable ( rid+ across c\ntry4 7f7 ,"u prop] directions1 be able to tra9 an unbrok5 horse 9 g>rison & 9 ! field1 und]/& h[ to detect & treat ! m9or ailm5ts to :i* ! horse is liable1 & be a good groom4 ,all (fic]s1 9 addition to be+ good milit>y horsem5 & in/ructors 9 rid+1 mu/ be able to tra9 rem\nts & to direct _! tra9+4 #agg4 ,g5]al provisions4--,= ! prep>atory ex]cises ! horses are saddl$ & equipp$ ) ! snaffle bit only1 saddles /ripp$4 ,spurs are n worn4 ,^! ex]cises are conduct$ at fir/ 9 a rid+ hall or on an inclos$ c\rse out ( doors4 ,ref]5ces to ! rid+ hall are to be und]/ood z ord9>ily apply+ equally to any out-(-doors inclosure or to ! space includ$ 9 any c\rse m>k$ (f = in/ruction 9 equitation 7p>s4 #bfi1 #bif74 ,at fir/1 ! troop]s1 dism\nt$1 lead _! horses to ! rid+ hall & return !m to ! /able 9 ! same mann]4 ,:5 !y h receiv$ suffici5t in/ruction !y g & return m\nt$4 ,z soon z ! in/ruction has advanc$ suffici5tly to p]mit ! use ( su* comm&s & me?ods1 ! in/ructor w conf9e himself to ! comm&s & means prescrib$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,troop]4 ,,to ,,fold ,,! ,,saddle ,,blanket4 #agh4 ,! blanket1 aft] be+ well %ak51 w be fold$ into six ?icknesses1 z foll[s3 ,hold x well up by ! two corn]s1 ! long way up & d[n2 d\ble x l5g?wise 7s ! fold w come betwe5 ! ,u & ,s71 ! fold$ corn] 7middle ( blanket7 9 ! left h&2 take ! fold$ corn] betwe5 ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ! "r h&1 ?umb po9t+ to ! left2 slip ! left h& d[n ! fold$ edge two-?irds its l5g? & seize x ) ! ?umb & second f+]2 raise ! h&s to ! height ( ! %\ld]s1 ! blanket betwe5 !m ext5d$2 br+ ! h&s toge!r1 ! d\ble fold fall+ outw>d2 pass ! fold$ corn] f ! "r h& into ! left h&1 betwe5 ! ?umb & =ef+]1 slip ! second f+] ( ! "r h& betwe5 ! folds & seize ! d\ble fold$ corn]2 turn ! left 7dis5gag$7 corn] 9 & seize x ) ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ! "r h&1 ! second f+] ( ! "r h& /ret*+ & ev5+ ! folds2 aft] ev5+ ! folds grasp ! corn]s & %ake ! blanket well 9 ord] to smoo? ! folds2 raise ! blanket & place x betwe5 ! *9 & brea/2 slip ! h&s d[n half way1 ! fir/ two f+]s outside1 ! o!r f+]s & ?umb ( ea* h& inside1 seize ! blanket ) ! ?umbs & fir/ two f+]s & let ! "p "u ! *9 fall =w>d2 hold ! blanket up1 arms ext5d$1 ev5 ! l[] edges1 seize ! middle po9ts betwe5 ! ?umbs & =ef+]s1 & flirt ! outside "p ov] ! "r arm2 ! blanket is ?us held be=e plac+ x on ! horse4 ,:ile reta9+ ! g5]al me?od ( fold+ ! blanket z above indicat$1 troop comm&]s w require ! blanket to be refold$ frequ5tly ) a view to equaliz+ ! we> on ! diff]5t sections ( ! blanket4 ,,to ,,put ,,on ,,! ,,blanket ,,& ,,surc+le4 #agi4 ,! in/ructor comm&s3 ,,blanket4 ,approa* ! horse on ! ne> 7left7 side1 ) ! blanket fold$ & held z j describ$2 place x well =w>d on 8 back by toss+ ! "p ( ! blanket ov] ! "r arm to ! (f 7"r7 side ( ! horse1 /ill keep+ hold ( ! middle po9ts2 slide ! blanket once or twice f front to re> to smoo? ! hair4 ,be+ c>eful to raise ! blanket 9 br++ x =w>d1 place ! blanket ) ! =ef+] ( ! left h& on ! )]s & ! =ef+] ( ! "r h& on ! backbone1 ! blanket smoo?2 x %\ld !n be well =w>d ) ! edges on ! left side2 remove ! locks ( mane t may be "u x1 pass ! buckle end ( ! surc+le ov] ! middle ( ! blanket & buckle x on ! ne> side a little bel[ ! edge ( ! blanket4 ,,to ,,put ,,on ,,& ,,take ,,(f ,,! ,,wat]+ ,,bridle4 #ahj4 ,! in/ructor comm&s3 ,,bridle4 ,take ! re9s 9 ! "r h&1 ! bit 9 ! left2 approa* ! horse on ! ne> side1 slip ! re9s ov] ! horse's head & let !m re/ on 8 neck2 rea* "u & engage ! snap 9 ! "r halt] r+2 ins]t ! left ?umb 9 ! side ( ! horse's m\? above ! tu% & press op5 ! l[] jaw2 ins]t ! bit & engage ! snap 9 ! left halt] r+4 ,! bit %\ld hang s z to t\*1 b n draw up1 ! corn]s ( ! m\?4 ,at ! comm& unbridle1 pass ! re9s ov] ! horse's head & dis5gage ! snaps4 ,,to ,,saddle4 #aha4 7a7 7,mc,clellan saddle47 ,= in/ruction ! saddle may be plac$ f\r y>ds 9 re> or front ( ! horse4 ,! /irrups are cross$ ov] ! seat1 ! "r "o upp]mo/2 !n ! c9*a & c9*a /rap are cross$ above ! /irrups1 ! /rap upp]mo/4 ,! blanket hav+ be5 plac$ z previ\sly expla9$1 ! in/ructor comm&s3 ,,saddle4 ,seize ! pommel ( ! saddle ) ! left h& & ! cantle ) ! "r1 approa* ! horse on ! ne> side f ! direction ( ! cr\p & place ! c5t] ( ! saddle on ! middle ( ! horse's back1 ! end ( ! side b> ab\t ?ree-f+] wid?s beh9d ! po9t ( ! %\ld] blade2 let d[n ! c9*a /rap & c9*a1 pass to ! (f side1 adju/ ! c9*a & /raps1 & see t ! blanket is smoo?2 return to ! ne> side1 raise ! blanket slightly "u ! pommel ar* s t ! )]s may n be compress$2 take ! c9*a /rap 9 ! "r h&1 rea* "u ! horse & seize ! c9*a r+ ) ! left h&1 pass ! end ( ! /rap ?r\gh ! r+ f und]nea? 7f inside to outside71 !n up & ?r\gh ! upp] r+ f ! outside1 if necess>y1 make ano!r fold 9 ! same mann]4 ,! /rap is fa/5$ z foll[s3 ,pass ! end ?r\gh ! upp] r+ to ! front2 seize x ) ! left h&1 place ! f+]s ( ! "r betwe5 ! outside folds ( ! /rap1 pull f ! horse ) ! "r h& & take up ! slack ) ! left2 cross ! /rap ov] ! folds1 pass ! end ( x ) ! "r h& und]nea? & ?r\gh ! upp] r+ back ( ! folds1 !n d[n & "u ! loop t crosses ! folds & draw x tightly2 weave ! ends ( ! /rap into ! /r&s ( ! c9*a4 ,ano!r me?od ( fa/5+ ! c9*a /rap is z foll[s3 ,pass1 ! end ?r\gh ! upp] r+ to ! re>2 seize x ) ! "r h&2 place ! f+]s ( ! left h& betwe5 ! out] folds ( ! /rap2 pull f ! horse ) ! left h& & take up ! slack ) ! "r2 pass ! end ( ! /rap und]nea? & draw x ?r\gh ! upp] r+ until a loop is =m$2 d\ble ! loose end ( ! /rap & pu% x ?r\gh ! loop & draw ! loop taut4 ,! free end %\ld be long en\gh to be seiz$ conv5i5tly ) ! h&4 ,hav+ fa/5$ ! c9*a /rap1 let d[n ! "r /irrup & !n ! left4 ,! surc+le is !n buckl$ ov] ! saddle1 & %\ld be a little loos] ?an ! c9*a4 ,! c9*a :5 fir/ ti$ %\ld admit a f+] betwe5 x & ! belly4 ,aft] ex]cis+ = a :ile ! c9*a w be f\nd too loose & %\ld be tight5$4 7b7 7,s]vice saddle1 model ( #aiab47 ,troops equipp$ ) ?is model w saddle z prescrib$ = ! ,mc,clellan saddle ) ! foll[+ modifications2 ,place ! saddle on ! blanket s t ! front edge ( ! side b> approa*es ! %\ld] blade )\t press+ ^u x4 ,aft] ! saddle has be5 s plac$1 let d[n2 ! gir?2 pass to ! (f side1 adju/ ! gir? & saddle skirt1 & see t ! blanket is smoo?1 return to ! ne> side & pu% ! blanket well up into ! pommel ar*2 rea* "u ! horse1 seize ! gir? ) ! left h& & br+ up its free end to ! ne> side ( ! saddle2 ) ! "r h& raise ! saddle skirt & buckle ! gir? /raps to ! correspond+ buckles ( ! gir?1 beg9n+ ) ! =w>d /rap1 l[] ! saddle skirt & let d[n ! /irrups1 beg9n+ ) ! "r /irrup4 ,! gir? %\ld ord9>ily be ab\t #d in*es 9 re> ( ! po9t ( ! elb[4 #ahb4 ,to approximate ! l5g? ( ! /irrup /raps be=e m\nt+1 !y are adju/$ s t ! l5g? ( ! /irrup /rap1 includ+ ! /irrup1 is ab\t #a in* less ?an ! l5g? ( ! arm1 f+]s ext5d$4 ,,to ,,unsaddle4 #ahc4 ,! in/ructor comm&s3 ,,unsaddle4 7a7 7,mc,clellan saddle47 ,/& on ! ne> side ( ! horse2 unbuckle & remove ! surc+le2 cross ! left /irrup ov] ! saddle2 loos5 ! c9*a /rap & let d[n ! c9*a2 pass to ! (f side1 cross ! "r /irrup1 !n ! c9*a2 pass to ! ne> side1 cross ! c9*a /rap ov] ! saddle2 grasp ! pommel ) ! left h&1 ! cantle ) ! "r1 & remove ! saddle ov] ! cr\p & place x 9 front or re> ( ! horse z may be direct$1 pommel to ! front2 grasp ! blanket at ! )]s ) ! left h& & at ! lo9 ) ! "r1 remove x 9 ! direction ( ! cr\p1 ! edges fall+ toge!r1 wet side 91 & place x on ! saddle1 fold$ edge on ! pommel4 ,if 9 ! /able1 place ! saddle on its peg :5 tak5 (f ! horse4 7b7 7,s]vice saddle1 model ( #aiab47 ,/& on ! ne> side ( ! horse2 cross ! left /irrup ov] ! saddle2 raise ! saddle skirt ) ! left h&1 & ) ! "r unbuckle ! gir? /raps1 beg9n+ ) ! re> /rap2 let d[n ! gir?2 pass to ! (f side2 cross ! "r /irrup & !n ! gir? ov] ! saddle2 pass to ! ne> side1 grasp ! pommel ) ! left h&1 ! cantle ) ! "r1 & remove & dispose ( ! saddle z prescrib$ 9 7a74 ,! s]vice saddle1 model #aiab1 %\ld be hung on a bracket1 suffici5tly wide = ! saddle to re/ on its side b>s4 ,if a n>r[] support is us$1 ! saddle w re/ on ! l[ po9t2 9 ! lea!r seat & become mis%ap54 ,,to ,,put ,,on ,,& ,,take ,,(f ,,! ,,bit ,,& ,,bridoon ,,bridle 7,,model #aiji74 #ahd4 ,be=e bridl+ ! curb *a9 is unhook$ on ! ne> side ,! in/ructor comm&s3 ,,bridle4 ,take ! re9s 9 ! "r1 ! cr[npiece 9 ! left h&2 approa* ! horse on ! ne> side1 pass+ ! "r h& along 8 neck2 slip bo? re9s ov] 8 head & let !m re/ on 8 neck2 take ! cr[npiece 9 ! "r h& & ! l[] left bran* ( ! curb bit 9 ! left h&1 ! =ef+] aga9/ ! m\?piece1 ! snaffle bit above & re/+ on ! m\?piece ( ! curb bit2 br+ ! cr[npiece 9 front ( & slightly bel[ its prop] position2 ins]t ! ?umb into ! side ( ! m\? above ! tu%2 press op5 ! l[] jaw & ins]t ! bits by rais+ ! cr[npiece2 ) ! left h& draw ! e>s g5tly "u ! cr[npiece1 beg9n+ ) ! left e>2 arrange ! =elock1 secure ! ?roatlat*1 & hook up ! curb *a9 on ! ne> side bel[ ! snaffle bit4 ,! bridle is adju/$ z prescrib$ 9 p>4 #cjb4 ,! ?roatlat* %\ld admit f\r f+]s betwe5 x & ! ?roat4 #ahe4 ,at ! discretion ( ! in/ructor1 ! halt] may be tak5 (f be=e bridl+1 ! re9s be+ fir/ pass$ ov] ! neck2 ! hit*+ /rap1 if n left at ! mang] or picket l9e1 is ti$ ar\nd ! horse's neck2 if ! horse be saddl$1 9 ! ne> pommel r+4 #ahf4 ,! in/ructor comm&s3 ,,unbridle4 ,/& on ! ne> side ( ! horse2 pass ! re9s ov] ! horse's head1 plac+ !m on ! b5d ( ! left arm2 unhook ! curb *a9 on ! ne> side2 unbuckle ! ?roatlat*1 grasp ! cr[npiece ) ! "r h& &1 assi/+ ) ! left h&1 g5tly dis5gage ! e>s2 g5tly dis5gage ! bits f ! horse's m\? ) ! left h& by l[]+ ! cr[npiece2 place ! cr[npiece 9 ! palm ( ! left h&1 take ! re9s 9 ! "r h&1 pass !m toge!r ov] ! cr[npiece1 make two or ?ree turns ar\nd2 ! bridle1 !n pass ! bight betwe5 ! br[ b& & cr[npiece & draw x snug4 ,! bridle is hung up by ! re9s or plac$ across ! saddle on ! blanket4 ,if ! horse has no halt] on1 unbridle & pu% ! bridle back s t ! cr[npiece w re/ on ! neck beh9d ! poll until ! halt] is replac$4 #ahg4 ,/& to horse3 ,at ?is comm& ea* troop] places himself1 fac+ to ! front1 on ! ne> side ( ! horse1 opposite 8 head1 & takes ! position ( att5tion1 except t ! "r h&1 nails d[n1 grasps ! re9s1 ! =ef+] sep>at+ !m1 ab\t #f in*es f ! bit4 ,! bights ( ! re9s re/ on ! neck ne> ! pommel ( ! saddle4 #ahh4 ,to lead out3 ,! troop]s be+ at /& to horse1 to leave ! /able or picket l9e1 ! in/ructor comm&s3 ,,lead ,,out4 ,ea* troop]1 hold+ 8 "r h& well up & firm1 leads 8 horse1 )\t look+ at him1 to ! place designat$ by ! in/ructor4 #ahi4 ,^u ent]+ ! rid+ hall or inclosure ! in/ructor disposes ! troop]s ^u a l9e at int]vals ( #c y>ds1 ! troop]s at /& to horse1 ! horses correctly dispos$ & p]p5dicul> to ! l9e ( troop]s4 ,a horse is correctly dispos$ :5 he /&s squ>ely on all f\r feet1 hav+ 8 head1 neck1 & body 9 l9e4 #aij4 ,/irrups3 ,! /irrups are prop]ly adju/$ :51 ! troop] be+ prop]ly seat$ ) ! feet remov$ f ! /irrups & ! legs fall+ naturally1 ! tread ( ! /irrups is ab\t #a in* above ! top ( ! heel ( ! %oe4 ,! /irrups %\ld be> only ! weight ( ! l[] leg2 ab\t "o-?ird ( ! foot %\ld be ins]t$ 9 ! /irrup1 s t ! ball ( ! foot re/s on ! tread1 ! heel l[] ?an ! toe4 ,! flat ( ! /irrup /rap %\ld re/ aga9/ ! leg ( ! m\nt$ troop]4 ,to accompli% ?is ! troop]'s toe %\ld be s ins]t$ 9 ! /irrup z to place ! front bran* ( ! latt] on ! outside4 ,by ! front bran* ( ! /irrup is meant ! =w>d bran* z ! /irrup hangs be=e ! troop] m\nts4 ,plac+ too mu* weight on ! /irrup di/urbs ! seat & contracts ! leg1 h9d]+ x's fre$om ( action4 ,if ! toe is n ins]t$ f> en\gh ! troop] risks los+ 8 /irrup2 if ins]t$ too f> suppl5ess is dim9i%$4 ,! heel is c>ri$ naturally l[] ?an ! toe if ! ankle jo9t is n rigid4 ,= ! ext5d$ gallop1 9 ! *>ge1 = ! use ( weapons1 & = leap+ ob/acles ! foot is ins]t$ fully 9 ! /irrup4 #aia4 ,to m\nt3 ,be+ at /& to horse1 ,,m\nt4 7a7 ,face to ! "r1 drop ! "r re91 grasp ! left re9 9 ! "r h&1 take two /eps to ! "r1 slid+ ! h& along ! left re91 make a half face to ! left ,:5 opposite ! gir?2 ) ! aid ( ! left h& take bo? re9s 9 ! "r1 =ef+] betwe5 ! re9s1 ! "r h& on ! pommel1 ! re9s com+ into ! h& on ! side ( ! =ef+]1 & held s z to feel lightly ! horse's m\?1 ! bight fall+ on ! (f side4 ,place ! left foot 9 ! /irrup1 assi/$ by ! left h& if necess>y1 & br+ ! left knee aga9/ ! saddle2 grasp a lock ( ! mane ) ! left h&1 lock com+ out betwe5 ! ?umb & =ef+]4 7b7 ,spr+ f ! "r foot1 keep+ ! h&s firmly 9 place1 ! left knee b5t & press$ aga9/ ! saddle1 br+ ! "r foot by ! side ( ! left1 body incl9+ slightly =w>d2 pass ! "r leg1 knee b5t1 ov] ! cr\p )\t t\*+ x1 sit d[n lightly-9 ! saddle2 let g ( ! mane2 ins]t ! "r foot 9 ! /irrup1 assi/$ by ! "r h& if necess>y2 take a re9 9 ea* h&1 ! re9 com+ into ! h& "u ! little f+] & pass+ out ov] ! second jo9t ( ! =ef+]1 ! ?umbs clos$ on ! re9s1 ! bight ( ! re9s fall+ to ! "r4 ,! re9s %\ld be s held t ! troop] feels lightly ! horse's m\?1 ! f+]s clos$ until ! nails lightly t\* ! palms ( ! h&s2 ! re9s well up 9 ! crot* ( ! f+]s2 ! backs ( ! h&s v]tical & 9 prolongation ( ! =e>m2 ! wri/s flexible2 ! elb[s ne> ! body & l[1 s t ! =e>ms w be 9 prolongation ( ! re9s2 ! h&s ab\t #i in*es ap>t4 ,! in/ructor takes c>e t ! recruit 9 adju/+ ! re9s provokes no movem5t ( ! horse & d]anges 9 no mann] ! position ( ! horse's head4 ,! in/ructor cautions ! troop] to avoid t\*+ ! horse ) ! left toe 9 m\nt+2 ?is fault begets ne>ly all ! resi/ance ( horses to /&+ quietly :ile be+ m\nt$4 ,! modifications incid5t to m\nt+ & dism\nt+ a horse equipp$ ) ! d\ble snaffle or bit & bridoon are indicat$ 9 p>s4 #bga1 #cjc1 & #cjg4 ,! troop]s are also tra9$ to m\nt on ! "r side4 #aib4 ,to dism\nt3 ,be+ halt$1 ,,dism\nt4 7a7 ,seize ! re9s ) ! "r h& 9 front ( & ne> ! left1 =ef+] betwe5 ! re9s1 ! re9s ent]+ ! h& f ! side ( ! =ef+]2 drop ! re9s ) ! left h&2 place ! "r h& on ! pommel2 grasp a lock ( ! mane ) ! left h&1 ! lock com+ out betwe5 ! ?umb & =ef+]2 take ! "r foot out ( ! /irrup4 7b7 ,rise ^u ! left /irrup1 pass ! "r leg1 knee b5t1 ov] ! cr\p )\t t\*+ ! horse1 & br+ ! "r foot by ! side ( ! left1 ! left knee aga9/ ! saddle1 ! upp] "p ( ! body incl9$ slightly =w>d2 desc5d lightly to ! gr\nd & take ! position ( /& to horse4 ,! troop]s are also tra9$ to dism\nt on ! "r side4 #aic4 ,comm&+ (fic]s may au?orize ! foll[+ alt]native me?od ( m\nt+ & dism\nt+ by (fic]s & enli/$ m5 on all occasions except ^? :5 x is requir$ t m\nt+ & dism\nt+ be execut$ 9 unison at ! correspond+ comm& 7p>4 #ced74 ,in/ruction1 9 ! me?ods au?oriz$ 9 ?is p>agraph is optional4 ,be+ at /& to horse1 at ! comm& ,,m\nt1 face to ! "r1 drop ! "r re91 take a /ep to ! "r to be opposite ! %\ld] ( ! horse2 at ! same "t seize ! bights ( ! re9s 9 ! "r h& & pull !m taut en\gh to give a g5tle1 ev5 be>+ on ! horse's m\?2 grasp ! re9s ) ! left h&1 ) ! little f+] betwe5 !m1 & ! bight com+ out betwe5 ! ?umb & =ef+]1 :i* also hold a lock ( ! mane4 ,place ! left foot 9 ! /irrup1 assi/$ by ! "r h& if necess>y1 & br+ ! left knee aga9/ ! saddle4 ,place ! "r h& ^u ! cantle1 rise by an ef=t ( ! "r leg1 aid$ by ! arms1 ! left knee b5t & press$ aga9/ ! saddle1 ! upp] "p ( ! body incl9$ slightly =w>d to keep ! saddle f turn+2 br+ ! "r foot by ! side ( ! left2 *ange ! "r h& to ! pommel1 pass ! "r leg1 knee b5t1 ov] ! cr\p )\t t\*+ x1 & sit d[n lightly 9 ! saddle4 ,put ! "r foot 9 ! /irrup1 assi/$ by ! "r h& if necess>y4 ,at ! comm& ,,dism\nt1 pass ! "r re9 into ! left h& & grasp ) ?is h& a lock ( ! mane1 place ! "r h& on ! pommel1 & remove ! "r foot f ! /irrup2 pass ! "r leg1 knee b5t1 ov] ! cr\p )\t t\*+ ! horse & br+ ! "r foot by ! side ( ! left1 ! left knee aga9/ ! saddle1 ! upp] "p ( ! body incl9$ slightly =w>d1 "r h& on ! cantle4 ,desc5d lightly to ! gr\nd & take ! position ( /& to horse4 #aid4 ,to take ! re9s 9 "o h& & to sep>ate !m3 ,at ! comm& ,,9 ,,left ,,h& ,,take ,,re9s1 place ! left h& opposite ! middle ( ! body1 pass ! "r re9 into ! left h&1 sep>at+ x f ! left re9 by ! little f+]2 let ! "r h& fall by ! side4 #aie4 ,at ! comm& ,,9 ,,bo? ,,h&s ,,take ,,re9s1 grasp ! "r re9 ) ! "r h& & replace ! h&s #i in*es ap>t4 ,! re9s are tak5 9 ! "r h& & aga9 sep>at$ 9 a simil> mann]4 #aif4 ,to adju/ ! re9s ! troop] br+s ! wri/s toge!r & grasps ) "o h&1 above & ne> ! opposite ?umb1 ! re9 t he desires to %ort54 #aig4 ,! in/ructor causes ! re9s to be dropp$ & retak5 by ! comm&s ,,drop ,,re9s & ,,re9s4 ,at ! fir/ comm&1 ! troop] drops ! re9s beh9d ! pommel & lets ! h&s fall by ! side4 ,! re9s are dropp$ z an exceptional measure1 & always ) precaution aga9/ accid5t4 #aih4 ,position ( ! troop]1 or att5tion 7m\nt$73 ,! position describ$ bel[ %\ld be consid]$ a /&>d t[>d :i* all troop]s %\ld gradually approximate4 ,! buttocks be>+ equally ^u & well =w>d 9 ! middle ( ! saddle4 ,! ?ighs turn$ )\t con/ra9t ^u _! flat side1 clasp+ ! horse ev5ly & /ret*$ only by _! own weight & t ( ! l[] legs4 ,! knees b5t & flexible4 ,! l[] legs fall+ naturally1 ! calves 9 contact ) ! horse )\t pressure1 ! toes dropp+ naturally :5 ! troop] is )\t /irrups4 ,! back supple & nev] holl[$4 ,! upp] "p ( ! body easy1 free1 & erect4 ,! %\ld]s ?r[n back ev5ly4 ,! arms free1 ! elb[s fall+ naturally4 ,! head erect & turn$ to ! front1 b )\t /iffness4 ,eyes al]t1 well up1 & direct$ to ! troop]'s front4 ,! re9s held z h]et(ore prescrib$4 ,?is position may be modifi$ by ! in/ructor to suit v>y+ conditions & unusual con=mations4 ,:5 n at att5tion1 ! head & eyes are direct$ s z be/ to favor al]tness & obs]vation4 ,9 o!r respects ! position %\ld be practically un*ang$4 #aii4 ,! body & l[] legs are movable & %\ld be "u ! control ( ! troop]1 ei!r act+ int]mitt5tly z aids = guid+ ! horse or z a means ( b9d+ ! rid] to ! horse :ile foll[+ 8 movem5ts4 ,! ?ighs1 on ! o!r h&1 %\ld rema9 fix$ immovably to ! saddle1 except :ile po/+ at ! trot4 ,?is fixity %\ld be obta9$ n by ! pressure ( ! knees b by ! cl++ ( ! buttocks1 :i* is secur$ by ! suppl5ess ( ! lo9s & ! relaxation ( ! ?ighs4 ,x is acquir$ v rapidly by daily rotation ( ! ?ighs1 :i* gradually presses ! l>ge ?igh muscles to ! re> & p]mits ! femur to re/ solidly aga9/ ! saddle4 ,! troop] %\ld sit ) 8 buttocks well "u ! upp] "p ( 8 body & especially avoid b[+ ! back by ?ru/+ ! buttocks to ! re> & ! l[] "p ( ! sp9e to ! front4 ,sitt+ well =w>d 9 ! middle ( ! saddle w t5d to assi/ ! troop] 9 avoid+ ! defect j ref]r$ to4 ,if ! buttocks are ?ru/ back too mu* ! troop] c n con=m to ! movem5ts ( ! horse & c>ries =w>d ! upp] "p ( 8 body4 ,if ! ?igh is too ne>ly horizontal1 ! troop] is d\bl$1 up & 8 p[] ( action dim9i%$2 if ! ?igh is too ne>ly v]tical1 ! troop] is on ! crot* & lacks ease4 ,to sum up3 ,! troop] %\ld take a relax$ sitt+ position1 squ>ely on 8 buttocks1 ) ! ?ighs incl9$ d[nw>d4 ,! v>i\s defects ( position are ov]come by suitable suppl+ ex]cises 7p>s4 #bji-bbj74 #bjj4 ,! aids4--,! legs1 ! re9s1 & ! weight are ! means ( controll+ ! horse 9 rid+4 ,!y are call$ ! aids4 #bja4 ,! legs3 ,! legs s]ve to urge ! horse =w>d1 to increase 8 pace or gait1 & to engage ! h9d qu>t]s or move !m lat]ally4 ,! legs act by ! pressure ( ! calves4 ,if pressure alone is insuffici5t ! troop] increases ! action by bl[s ) 8 calves4 ,x is ess5tial to obta9 f ! horse p]fect ob$i5ce to ! action ( ! legs4 ,he %\ld respond to ! simultane\s & equal action ( bo? legs by engag+ 8 h9dqu>t]s & mov+ =w>d2 to ! pr$om9ant action ( "o leg by mov+ 8 haun*es to ! opposite side4 #bjb4 ,! re9s3 ,! re9s s]ve to prep>e ! horse to move1 to decrease or increase 8 pace1 to *ange ! gait1 or to *ange direction4 ,contact is a light be>+ ( ! m\? ( ! horse on ! h& ( ! rid]4 ,x %\ld be con/antly ma9ta9$4 ,! re9s are held 9 ! full h&1 ! ?umb press+ !m lightly ^u ! second jo9t ( ! =ef+]4 ,by means ( clos+ & relax+ ! f+]s & flex+ ! wri/1 arm1 & %\ld]1 ! troop]1 :ile ma9ta9+ contact & keep+ ! re9s taut1 foll[s easily ! movem5ts ( ! head ( ! horse )\t anticipat+ or int]f]+ ) ^! movem5ts4 ,! h& is !n said to be passive4 ,x is kept s z long z ! troop] is n requir$ to *ange ! pace1 gait1 or direction4 #bjc4 ,! direct re93 ,:5 ! troop]1 ) ! h&s sep>at$ & ! re9s adju/$1 closes 8 f+]s ^u ! re9s )\t rais+ ! h&s he ex]cises an action f front to re>1 call$ ! effect ( ! direct re9s4 ,?is effect1 :5 on "o re9 only1 is call$ t ( ! "r 7or left7 direct re94 #bjd4 ,! lead+ re93 ,:5 ! troop] c>ries ! "r h& to ! "r & =w>d 9 a mann] to pres]ve contact b n to increase pressure on ! bit ! effect is call$ t ( ! "r lead+ re94 ,! back ( ! h& %\ld rema9 v]tical1 ! wri/ 9 prolongation ( ! =e>m1 ! elb[ rema9+ ne> ! body4 ,! horse's head & neck are drawn to ! "r1 ! %\ld]s foll[1 & he turns to ! "r4 #bje4 ,! be>+ re93 ,:5 ! troop] c>ries ! "r h& =w>d1 upw>d1 & to ! left 9 a mann] to pres]ve contact1 b n to increase pressure on ! bit1 ! effect is said to be t ( ! "r be>+ re94 ,! back ( ! h& %\ld rema9 v]tical1 ! wri/ 9 prolongation ( ! =e>m4 ,! horse's head is turn$ slightly to ! "r1 b ! effect is to ! left2 ! neck b5ds & is convex to ! left & is foll[$ by ! %\ld]s4 ,! horse turns to ! left4 ,! action ( ! be>+ re9 is mu* m p[]ful ?an t ( ! lead+ re91 & is us$ to ! exclusion ( ! latt] to turn ! horse :5 rid+ ) ! re9s 9 "o h&4 #bjf4 ,! indirect re9 ( opposition3 ,:5 ! troop] c>ries ! "r h& to ! left 9 a mann] to press ! %\ld]s to ! left & to produce a diagonal traction on ! re9 9 ! direction ( ! left %\ld] or haun* ! effect is call$ t ( ! "r indirect re9 ( opposition4 ,its effect may be produc$ 9 front ( ! )]s if ! h& be slightly rais$2 9 re> pf ! )]s if ! h& be slightly l[]$4 ,x is frequ5tly us$ by ! troop] :5 rid+ ) "o h& 7z he mu/ d 9 ord] to use 8 weapons71 & its effect %\ld be /udi$ & practic$ f1 ! beg9n+4 #bjg4 ,mann] ( apply+ ! aids3 ,! action ( ! re9s & legs & weight %\ld n be cont9u\s4 ,! troop] alt]nately closes & relaxes ! f+]s1 ! h&s pres]v+ contact 9 ! int]vals betwe5 ! actions4 ,9 ! same mann] he uses ! legs1 nei!r gripp+ nor releas+ altoge!r1 b pres]v+ light contact 9 ! int]vals betwe5 ! bl[s ) ! calves4 ,! weight likewise is us$ 9 a simil> mann]1 be+ quickly appli$ to ! front1 to ! re>1 or to a side1 alt]nat+ ) returns to ! normal position4 ,if an action ( ! aids is prolong$ ! horse has opportunity to e/abli% ! correspond+ resi/ance1 b if produc$ by repeat$ applications ! effect is v m>k$4 ,all action ( ! aids %\ld dim9i% 9 int5sity :5 ob$i5ce beg9s & cease entirely z soon z ! desir$ result is secur$4 ,troop]s mu/ be ?or\ghly tra9$ 9 rid+ ) ! re9s 9 "o h&4 #bjh4 ,! in/ructor1 9 tea*+ troop]s to avail !mselves ( _! legs & re9s1 is gov]n$ by ! prec$+ consid]ations1 & f ! fir/ wat*es vigilantly ! action ( ! aids4 ,! h& %\ld always be kept l[4 ,! mo/ ?\ghtful c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 ! comb9$ application ( ! aids1 s t !y may n be oppos$ to ea* o!r 9 _! action2 t is1 "o favor+ ! int5d$ movem5t1 ! o!r oppos+ x4 ,! in/ructor impresses ^u ! troop]s t _! h&s mu/ be kept /ill2 t is1 free f bobb+ up & d[n1 & pull+1 & f giv+ & tak+ :5 !re is no reason !re=4 ,likewise _! legs %\ld rema9 9 light contact ) ! horse's sides & ! heels n be us$ to kick ! horse con/antly 9 a n]v\s mann]4 ,moreov]1 t ! effects ( ! aids may be p]fectly cle>1 & t !re may be no contradiction betwe5 !m1 !re %\ld nev] be simultane\s action ( ! direct re9s dem&+ sl[+ up or halt+ & ( ! legs provok+ a =w>d movem5t4 ,?is condition is ess5tial = pres]v+ ! composure indisp5sable to ! horses ( ! troop4 #bdb4 ,po/+3 ,po/+ is habitually employ$ :5 ! troop]s h /irrups & und]/& _! use4 ,x is execut$ z foll[s3 ,! horse mov+ at a trot1 ! troop] incl9es ! upp] "p ( 8 body =w>d1 !n support+ himself on ! /irrups :ile ma9ta9+ ! cl++ ( 8 knees he rises "u ! impulsion ( ! horse1 ma9ta9s 8 position deta*$ f ! saddle :ile ! succe$+ impulse is produc$1 aga9 sits d[n 9 ! saddle1 & cont9ues 9 ?is way1 avoid+ alt]nate impulses4 ,at ! beg9n+ ! me*anism ( po/+ is made easi] to ! troop] by caus+ him to /roke ! horse's neck or to grasp a lock ( ! mane ) ei!r h&1 ?us det]m9+ ! =w>d incl9ation ( ! body4 ,its prop] execution requires t ! seat be rais$ mod]ately1 t contact ) ! saddle be resum$ g5tly & )\t %ock1 t ! full support ( ! /irrup be obta9$ :ile keep+ ! l[] leg /eady1 t ! ankle jo9t be supple1 & t ! heel be kept l[] ?an ! toe4 #bdc4 ,c>e ( horses & saddl]y3 ,! recruits w be giv5 talks & practical illu/rations 9 e phase ( ! c>e ( horses & ! c>e ( saddl]y4 ,?is 9 addition to _! daily att5tion to ^? subjects z a matt] ( r\t9e4 #bdd4 ,! use ( arms1 m\nt$4--,dur+ ! p]iod 9 :i* ! in/ruction 9 ! s*ool ( ! troop] is held1 !re mu/ be ?or\gh in/ruction 9 ! use ( arms m\nt$4 ,aft] ! fir/ few drills !re %\ld be daily in/ruction 9 "s phase ( ?is important "p ( ! troop]'s tra9+4 ,progress 9 ! m advanc$ /eps ( ?is in/ruction mu/ necess>ily dep5d ^u ! troop]'s progress 9 horseman%ip2 b by mak+ ! dism\nt$ in/ruction ?or\gh & keep+ x well 9 advance ( ! correspond+ p>ts ( ! m\nt$ program1 _m difficulties w be obviat$ & mu* "t sav$4 ,success ) ! pi/ol & sab] w be dep5d5t ^u t famili>ity ) _! use t c be ga9$ only by daily practice ext5d+ ov] a consid]able p]iod4 ,! dism\nt$ in/ruction already prescrib$ 9 connection ) ! use ( ! weapons mu/ be supplem5t$ by ?or\gh m\nt$ "w at all gaits1 :5 pass+ ob/acles1 etc4 ,! troop] mu/ le>n to control 8 horse ?or\ghly ) "o h& :ile c>ry+ & us+ 8 weapon 9 ! o!r2 he mu/ le>n to h&le 8 weapon m\nt$ ) a m9imum ( dang] to himself1 8 comrades1 or 8 horse4 ,! pr9cipal drill on at lea/ "o day ( ea* week dur+ ! entire p]iod devot$ to ! s*ool ( ! troop] %\ld ord9>ily be devot$1 to ! above in/ruction1 ?us supplem5t+ & te/+ ! results accompli%$ 9 ! %ort] daily drills4 ,at ?is weekly drill ! troop]s %\ld habitually appe> fully arm$ & equipp$1 ! saddles be+ pack$ z = field s]vice4 ,! employm5t ( ! sab] m\nt$ is taught z prescrib$ 9 ! ,sab] ,ex]cise2 ! use ( ! pi/ol 9 fir+ m\nt$1 z prescrib$ 9 ! ,small-,arms ,fir+ ,manual4 #bde4 ,manual ( ! ,sab]1 ,m\nt$3 ,! sab] susp5d$ f ! left side ( ! saddle-- #a4 ,draw1 #b4 ,,sab]4 ,pass ! "r h& ov] ! re9s & execute ) x rapidly :at is prescrib$ = draw+ ! sab] on foot2 place ! pommel ne> ! hip & re/+ on top ( ! ?igh1 flat ( ! blade aga9/ ! po9t ( ! %\ld]4 ,?is is ! position ( c>ry sab]1 m\nt$4 #bdf4 ,! sab] susp5d$ f ! "r side ( ! saddle-- #a4 ,draw4 ,turn ! head to ! "r )\t d]ang+ ! position ( ! body & glance t[>d ! hilt2 engage ! "r wri/ 9 ! sab] knot2 pull ! hilt =w>d2 seize ! grip 9 ! full h&1 nails to ! "r2 draw ! blade #f in*es f ! scabb>d1 & look to ! front4 #b4 ,,sab]4 ,draw ! sab] z prescrib$ on foot & take ! position ( c>ry sab]4 #bdg4 ,! troop]s are also ex]cis$ 9 draw+ ! sab] z quickly z possible at ! s+le comm&3 ,,draw ,,sab]4 #bdh4 ,to return sab]3 ,! scabb>d susp5d$ f ! left side ( ! saddle-- #a4 ,return4 ,execute z prescrib$ on foot4 #b4 ,,sab]4 ,execute z prescrib$ on foot1 support+ ! back ( ! blade aga9/ ! left =e>m until ! po9t is engag$ 9 ! scabb>d4 ,?is comm& is giv5 only at a halt or :5 m>*+ at a walk4 #bdi4 ,! scabb>d susp5d$ on ! "r-- #a4 ,return4 ,execute z prescrib$ on foot4 #b4 ,,sab]4 ,c>ry ! wri/ opposite ! "r %\ld]2 l[] ! blade to ! "r ( ! horse's neck2 let ! grip turn 9 ! h& s t ! h& grasps ! gu>d at ! pommel1 back ( ! h& up2 turn ! head to ! "r & fix ! eyes on ! op5+ ( ! scabb>d2 raise ! h&2 ins]t ! blade & pu% x home2 dis5gage ! wri/ f ! sab] knot2 & turn ! head to ! front4 ,:5 ! sab] is c>ri$ on ! "r ! return sab] is execut$1 s f> z possible1 at ! halt4 #bej4 ,inspection sab] & pres5t sab] are execut$ z :5 dism\nt$4 #bea4 ,gu>d4--,?ru/ ! feet home 9 ! /irrups & cr\* slightly 9 ! saddle1 b5d+ =w>d f ! wai/4 ,o!rwise z expla9$ dism\nt$4 ,9 ! *>ge 9 close ord] ! troop] 79 s+le rank7 assumes ! position indicat$ 9 p>4 #big1 ! body almo/ 9 a horizontal l9e ov] ! horse's neck1 ! arm fully ext5d$ to ! front1 ! sab]1 9 ! full grasp1 9 prolongation ( ! arm1 gu>d up1 f+] nails to ! "r1 po9t at ! height ( ! eye4 ,:5 difficult gr\nd is enc\nt]$ ! troop] takes ! position ( gu>d :ile pass+ x4 ,if *>g+ 9 d\ble rank1 ! front-rank troop]s con=m to ! positions indicat$ = s+le rank4 ,^? troop]s :o are 9 ! re> rank or :o are directly 9 re> ( o!rs1 take ! position ( port sab]4 ,9 ! mle ! troop]s take ! position ( gu>d t[>d ! ne>e/ enemy1 cr\*+ slightly 9 ! saddle & alive to all possible attacks4 ,,manual ,,( ,,! ,,pi/ol1 ,,m\nt$4 #beb4 ,! modifications ( ! dism\nt$ manual1 incid5t to1 ! employm5t ( ! pi/ol m\nt$ are expla9$ 9 ! correspond+ p>agraphs ( ! ,manual ( ! ,pi/ol1 ,dism\nt$ 7p>s4 #ade-aef74 ,,! ,,rifle4 7,= troops arm$ ) ! ,cavalry ,equipm5t1 ,model ( #aiab47 #bec4 ,be=e /&+ to horse ! troop] atta*es 8 rifle to 8 belt by pass+ ! muzzle up ?r\gh ! belt r+ & engag+ ! snap hook ( ! belt r+ into ! trigg] gu>d4 ,be+ at /& to horse1 ^u any prep>atory comm&1 except = m\nt+ or secur+ horses unsl+ ! rifle f ! belt r+ & take ! position ( ord] arms1 remov+ ! snaffle re9s f ! horse's neck & pass+ ! "r arm ?r\gh !m if necess>y4 ,if a comm& to secure horses is giv51 l9k or c\ple fir/ & !n unsl+ ! rifle4 ,to m\nt1 proce$ z )\t ! rifle4 ,:5 seat$ 9 ! saddle1 grasp ! rifle at ! bolt ) ! left h&1 b>rel to ! front1 place ! butt ( ! rifle 9 ! bucket1 /eady+ ! latt] ) ! left foot if necess>y & take ! position ( ! troop] m\nt$4 ,to dism\nt3 ,at ! prep>atory comm&1 seize ! rifle at ! bolt ) ! left h&1 give x a quick1 =cible pull1 lift+ ! butt f ! bucket1 & let ! rifle hang f ! belt4 7,= troops arm$ ) equipm5t correspond+ to ! ,mc,clellan saddle47 #bed4 ,at /& to horse1 ! rifle is held on ! left side ( ! troop] 9 a position correspond+ to ord] arms 7p>4 #ic71 z modifi$ by sub/itut+ ! ^w left = "r :]ev] ! latt] occurs4 ,9 lead+ out1 & on all occasions :5 ! troop] leads 8 horse = %ort di/ances1 ! rifle is c>ri$ at ! left trail 7p>4 #ajh7 unless o!rwise prescrib$4 #bee4 ,9 m\nt+1 ! rifle is ins]t$ 9 ! scabb>d aft] ! troop] /eps back opposite ! gir? & be=e he takes ! re9s 9 8 "r h& 7p>4 #aia74 ,on dism\nt+1 ea* troop]1 aft] plac+ ! bights ( ! re9s on ! horse's neck1 & be=e /epp+ =w>d to take ! position ( /& to horse 7p>4 #aib71 takes ! rifle f ! scabb>d & assumes ! left trail4 ,a modification ( ?is provision applies :5 ! troop] dism\nts = inspection4 ,! rifle is nev] c>ri$ on ! saddle :5 ! troop] is dism\nt$1 except z specially au?oriz$ at inspections1 ) ! equipm5t correspond+ to ! ,mc,clellan saddle 7p>4 #bfb74 #bef4 ,inspection ( arms & equipm5t1 m\nt$4--,x is assum$ t ! troop]s be=e be+ =mally inspect$ m\nt$ & "u arms1 w h advanc$ 9 elem5t>y collective in/ruction to a po9t :5 !y c be =m$ & align$3 z a m\nt$ squad 7p>4 #cej74 ,%\ld ?is n be ! case1 ! in/ructor w place ! troop]s 9 l9e ) int]vals 9 advance ( ! inspection4 ,ref]5ces to ! guide & to alignm5t w !n be disreg>d$ & ! comm& front w be omitt$4 ,! inspection is describ$ bel[ ^u ! assumption t all arms are inspect$4 ,! inspection ( pi/ols is expla9$ = bo? ! m\nt$ & dism\nt$ execution4 ,! necess>y modification 9 case ! inspection ( any weapon be omitt$ is indicat$ 9 p>4 #bff4 #beg4 ,:5 arms are inspect$ m\nt$ !y are always inspect$ 9 ! ord]3 ,sab]1 pi/ol4 ,:5 inspect$ dism\nt$ !y are always inspect$ 9 ! ord]3 ,rifle1 pi/ol4 ,sab]s are n inspect$ dism\nt$1 nor are rifles inspect$ m\nt$4 ,pi/ols may be inspect$ ei!r m\nt$ or dism\nt$4 #beh4 ,! troop]s be+ m\nt$ & fully arm$ & 9 l9e3 #a4 ,prep>e = inspection1 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,,front4 ,at ! second comm& all align !mselves on ! guide3 ,! inspector1 hav+ v]ifi$ ! alignm5t1 takes position #c y>ds to ! "r & front ( ! "r troop]1 fac+ to ! left1 & comm&s3 ,,front1 foll[$ by3 #a4 ,draw1 #b4 ,,sab] 7p>4 #afe74 #bei4 ,if x is n int5d$ to inspect ! pi/ols m\nt$1 ! inspector cautions ,,pi/ols ,,w ,,n ,,be ,,inspect$ ,,m\nt$1 & approa*es ! "r ( ! rank4 #bfj4 ,z ! inspector approa*es1 ! fir/ two troop]s execute ! fir/ motion ( inspection sab] 7p>4 #agj71 ! fir/ troop]1 z ! inspector comes 9 front ( him1 executes ! second & ?ird motions ( inspection sab]2 ! second troop]1 z ! inspector comes 9 front ( him1 executes ! second & ?ird motions ( inspection sab]1 ! fir/ troop] at ?is in/ant resum+ ! c>ry & ! ?ird troop] execut+ ! fir/ motion ( inspection sab]4 ,! fir/ troop] !n returns sab]4 ,z ! inspector comes 9 front ( ! o!r troop]s ! movem5ts are execut$ successively z j expla9$4 #bfa4 ,! inspector1 hav+ complet$ ! inspection ( sab]s1 passes 9 re> f ! left to ! "r ( ! rank4 ,z he approa*es ! "r ( ! rank ! fir/ two troop]s 79 ! abs5ce ( indication to ! contr>y7 7p>4 #bei7 execute inspection pi/ol 7p>4 #adh74 ,ea* ( ! o!r troop]s1 9 ord] f "r to left1 successively executes inspection pi/ol 9 "t to complete ! execution j be=e ! inspector arrives 9 front ( him4 ,ea* troop] executes return pi/ol z ! inspector passes to ! troop] next on 8 left4 #bfb4 ,to inspect ! rifles1 to inspect ! pi/ols dism\nt$1 or to inspect ! dress & equipm5t ( ! squad m m9utely1 ! inspector dism\nts ! squad )\t =m+ rank4 ,troop]s :5 dism\nt$ foll[+ ! comm& prep>e = inspection take a special position2 & a special exception is made 9 ?is case to ! rule requir+ ! rifle 7if n slung7 to be tak5 f ! scabb>d ^u dism\nt+ 7p>4 #bee74 ,^u dism\nt+ :ile at prep>e = inspection ea* troop] takes ! snaffle re9s (f ! horse's neck1 passes ! "r arm ?r\gh ! re9s 7! bight ( ! re9s re/+ on ! %\ld]7 & takes a position simil> to /& to horse4 ,! rifle is n unslung 7or remov$ f ! scabb>d7 unless x has be5 specially designat$ = inspection2 x is !n reslung or return$ to ! scabb>d z soon z its inspection is complet$4 ,a troop] dism\nt$ at prep>e = inspection1 if 8 "r h& be free1 grasps ! re9s z 9 /& to horse4 ,! snaffle re9s once tak5 f ! neck z above are n replac$ until ! fir/ comm& = m\nt+4 ,! above position is habitually t]m9at$ by ! fir/ comm& = m\nt+ or by /& to horse4 #bfc4 ,if ! inspector wi%es to inspect ! arms aft] dism\nt+1 he cautions1 imm$iately foll[+ ! comm&s = dism\nt+3 ,,rifles ,,& ,,pi/ols 7or ,,rifles1 or ,,pi/ols7 ,,w ,,be ,,inspect$4 ,ea* troop] at once unsl+s 8 rifle 7or takes x f ! scabb>d7 & resumes 8 position simil> to /& to horse1 8 rifle at ! ord]1 ! re9s z describ$ 9 p>4 #bfb4 #bfd4 ,z ! inspector approa*es ! "r ( ! rank ! troop] on ! "r executes inspection arms 7p>4 #aab74 ,! inspector takes ! piece1 grasp+ x ) 8 "r h& j above ! re> sight1 ! man dropp+ 8 h&s4 ,! inspector inspects ! piece1 &1 ) ! h& & piece 9 ! same position z 9 receiv+ x1 h&s x back to ! man1 :o takes x ) ! left h& at ! balance1 executes port arms1 & sl+s ! rifle or places x 9 ! scabb>d1 accord+ to 8 equipm5t4 ,z ! inspector returns ! piece ! next man executes inspection arms1 & s on ?r\gh ! troop4 ,%\ld ! piece be inspect$ )\t h&l+1 ea* man proce$s z above z soon z ! capta9 passes to ! next man4 #bfe4 ,z ! inspector approa*es ! "r ( ! rank ( odd numb]s1 aft] complet+ ! inspection ( ! rifles ( ! ev5 numb]s1 ! fir/ two troop]s ( ! rank execute inspection pi/ol4 ,to inspect ! pi/ol closely ! inspector grasps x ) 8 left h& above ! troop]'s h&1 makes su* exam9ation z is desir$1 & h&s ! pi/ol back to ! troop] 9 ! same position z t 9 :i* ! inspector took ! weapon4 ,! troop] takes ! pi/ol ) ! "r h& z 9 inspection pi/ol & executes return pi/ol4 ,%\ld ! pi/ols be inspect$ )\t h&l+1 ea* man executes return pi/ol z ! inspector passes to ! next troop]4 #bff4 ,if no indication be giv5 = ! inspection ( rifles !y rema9 slung or 9 ! scabb>d1 accord+ to ! equipm5t c>ri$4 ,if only rifles are ord]$ inspect$1 pi/ols are n pres5t$ = inspection & rifles are slung or return$ to ! scabb>d z soon z inspect$4 ,if only pi/ols are ord]$ inspect$1 !y are pres5t$ by ! two troop]s on ! "r :5 ! inspector approa*es ! rank ! fir/ "t aft] dism\nt+4 #bfg4 ,dur+ ! inspection ( arms ! inspector1 obs]ves ! appe>ance ( ! m51 horses1 equipm5t1 & clo?+4 ,aft] ! inspection ( arms is complet$ he makes su* fur!r inspection ( equipm5t1 clo?+1 etc41 z he may consid] desirable4 ,dur+ ?is "p ( ! inspection ! troop]s may be p]mitt$ to /& at ease4 #bfh4 ,if an inspection ( arms ( a detail$ "* be made 9 connection ) a dism\nt$ =mation x is conduct$ by ! above comm&s & 9 accordance ) ! above me?ods 9 s f> z applicable4 ,rifles are pres5t$ = inspection z describ$ )\t special indication :5 ! inspector approa*es ! rank aft] comm&+ ,,front 7p>4 #beh74 ,except :5 rifles are slung z provid$ 9 ! next s5t5ce1 ea* troop] executes ord] arms z soon z 8 rifle is return$ to him4 ,%\ld ! troop]s be arm$ ) bo? rifle & pi/ol1 ea* troop] sl+s 8 rifle z soon z inspect$ if ! equipm5t 9 use s p]mits2 o!rwise ! rifles are /ack$ 7p>4 #aae7 by comm& aft] be+ inspect$4 ,! pi/ols are !n inspect$1 aft] :i* take arms 7p>4 #aaf7 is execut$ be=e ! troop]s are dismiss$4 ,,"p ,,ii--,,elem5t>y ,,collective ,,in/ruction4 ,section #e4 ,elem5t>y collective in/ruction4 ,,g5]al ,,provisions4 #cba4 ,! elem5t>y collective in/ruction ( ! troop] includes ! in/ruction 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad & 9 ! me*anism ( ! movem5ts prescrib$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,platoon4 ,?is latt] in/ruction is giv5 z prescrib$ 9 p>4 #ddd4 ,section #f4 ,basic pr9ciples ( ! drill4 #cbb4 ,! foll[+ provisions apply g5]ally to ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad & to all subsequ5t drill4 ,previ\s provisions ( a simil> g5]al "* are to be f\nd 9 p>s4 #dc-di4 #cbc4 ,lead+3 ,a comm&] lead+ 8 unit m>*es 9 ! direction & at ! gait desir$4 ,he is foll[$ at a specifi$ di/ance by ! base 7,def471 :i* con=ms to 8 gait & direction4 ,! comm&] ?us controls ! movem5ts ( ! base1 & may at any "t by 8 indication convey$ 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t way 7z by 8 own movem5ts1 8 comm&s1 or signals7 cause ! base to *ange its direction or to increase or decrease ! pace or gait or to halt1 accord+ to ! object 9 view4 ,elem5ts ( ! same k9d z ! base regulate ^u ! latt] con=m+ to its gait & direction4 #cbd4 ,direct+ lead]1 direct+ guide3 ,a comm&] :o desires to become tempor>ily free 9 8 movem5ts may leave 8 position z lead]1 fir/ indicat+3 ,,disreg>d 7see ,signals7 = ! in=mation ( ! lead] ( ! base unit1 :o !n becomes ! direct+ lead] 7,def474 ,! latt] !n ceases to foll[ 9 ! trace ( ! comm&] & tempor>ily conducts ! m>*4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( o!r indication f ! lead] he ma9ta9s ! exi/+ direction & gait4 ,:5 necess>y ! conduct ( ! m>* ( a gr\p 7e4g41 a platoon7 hav+ no subord9ate lead] may simil>ly be intru/$ to ! guide4 ,! latt] !n becomes ! direct+ guide 7,def474 #cbe4 ,:5ev] a *ange ( =mation involves a break 9 ! cont9uity ( ! lead+ ! lead] habitually moves at once to 8 new position1 s z to resume lead]%ip ) ! lea/ practicable delay4 ,he usually />ts at ! comm& ( execution = ! movem5t4 ,%\ld he />t = 8 new position be=e ! comm& ( execution he fir/ cautions or ,signals3 ,,disreg>d = ! in=mation ( ! base4 #cbf4 ,*ange ( direct+ unit 7base73 ,:5ev] a *ange ( =mation results 9 a *ange ( ! base1 ! base ( ! =mation f :i* ! movem5t is execut$ cont9ues1 9 ! abs5ce ( specific indication to ! contr>y1 to be ! base until ! new base is indicat$4 ,9 movem5ts f l9e by :i* column is =m$ directly to a flank1 ! elem5t ( ! column on ! flank t[>d :i* ! column is =m$ is ! base ^u :i* o!r simil> elem5ts regulate dur+ ! =mation ( ! column z well z aft] ! column is =m$4 #cbg4 ,*anges ( direction3 ,any movem5t may be execut$ ei!r f ! halt or :5 m>*+1 unless o!rwise prescrib$4 ,if execut$ f ! halt ! comm& =w>d ne$ n be prefix$ to any o!r prep>atory comm& t indicates a direction ( m>*2 ?us1 be+ at a halt1 #a4 ,column "r1 #b4 ,,m>*2 b1 #a4 ,=w>d trot1 #b4 ,,m>*4 #cbh4 ,to insure c]ta9ty ( prompt execution1 comm&s 7& signals7 mu/ be s giv5 t _! mean+ is unmi/akable4 ,! prep>atory comm& mu/ be giv5 at su* an int]val ( "t be=e ! comm& ( execution z w admit ( ! =m] be+ prop]ly und]/ood1 & %\ld be foll[$ by a di/9ct pause t prop]ly v>ies 9 l5g? ) ! size ( ! body ( troops t is to execute ! movem5t4 ,! comm& ( execution %\ld be giv5 ! in/ant ! movem5t is to beg94 #cbi4 ,all *anges ( direction are simply applications ( ! pr9ciple ( lead+ z expla9$ 9 p>s4 #cbc & #cfg4 7a7 ,! turn 7p>4 #chf7 & half turn 7p>4 #chh7 are special cases ( ! *ange ( direction 9 l9e 9 t !y involve a *ange ( direction ( #ij & #de1 respectively2 z execut$ by ! platoon & squad1 !y diff] fur!r f ! g5]al case ( ! *ange ( direction 9 t ! lead] foll[s a specially prescrib$ arc dur+ ! turn 7p>4 #chg72 9 ! troop & l>g] units1 ! lead] 9 ea* case regulates ! arc ^u :i* he moves dur+ ! turn 9 accordance ) ! l5g? ( ! front & ! requirem5ts ( ! special case4 7b7 ,= a *ange ( direction 9 any column =mation1 ! elem5ts ( ! column successively *ange direction on ! same gr\nd1 ! *ange 9 ea* successive elem5t be+ made 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples t regulate ! *ange ( direction 9 l9e 7a74 ,9 ea* successive elem5t ! lead] 7if any7 & ! guide move ov] ! same pa? t is foll[$ by ! lead] at ! head ( ! column4 #ccj4 ,! pr9ciples & me?ods laid d[n 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,troop] 7dism\nt$ & m\nt$7 are1 except z may o!rwise be indicat$1 or :]e cle>ly applicable only to individual in/ruction1 to be foll[$ 9 correspond+ in/ruction 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad & 9 all subsequ5t tra9+4 ,! same comm&s apply unless o!rwise /at$4 ,c]ta9 modifications 9 ! execution ( "s ( ! movem5ts1 incid5t to _! use 9 collective in/ruction1 are not$ 9 appropriate places 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad4 #cca4 ,column ( twos & ( troop]s3 ,movem5ts1 involv+ ! use ( column ( twos or troop]s1 al?\gh simple 9 pr9ciple1 are n adapt$ to execution z movem5ts ( precision1 & ! details ( _! execution w be regulat$ accord+ly 7p>s4 #cic-djj74 ,famili>ity ) ! practical use ( ^! =mations mu/ be insi/$ ^u1 b !y w be tak5 9 ! simple/ mann] consi/5t ) effici5cy 9 _! use4 #chb4 ,to avoid repetition ! detail$ descriptions & explanations ( collective movem5ts are1 z a rule1 bas$ only ^u ! execution ( ! m\nt$ movem5ts4 #chc4 ,gaits = m\nt$ movem5ts4--,all m\nt$ movem5ts n specially except$ may be execut$ at ! trot or gallop 7p>4 #bci74 ,= ! execution ( a movem5t at ! trot or gallop ! comm& trot or gallop prec$es ! comm& m>* unless m>*+ at ! gait desir$ or unless x be o!rwise prescrib$4 ,:5 ! indication = ! trot or gallop is includ$ 9 ! comm& = ! movem5t x prec$es ! comm& m>*2 ?us1 #a4 ,=w>d1 trot2 #b4 ,,m>*4 #ccd4 ,:5 ! troop]s ( any elem5t 7,def47 move at diff]5t gaits1 if ! gait ( su* elem5t be ref]r$ to1 ! gait ( its base is to be und]/ood4 #cce4 ,a gait is said to be correspond+ly fa/] or correspond+ly sl[] ?an ano!r gait :5 !re is a diff]5ce ( "o degree betwe5 ! two 7p>4 #bci74 #ccf4 ,9 ! rules includ$ 9 p>s4 #ccc to #ccg ! expression o!r elem5ts 7,def47 means 9 ea* case elem5ts ( ! same k9d z ! base4 #ccg4 7a7 ,9 movem5ts f ! halt ! base moves at ! walk unless ano!r gait be /at$ 9 ! comm& or indicat$ by ! lead]'s movem5ts4 7b7 ,9 =m+ l9e to ! front f column ! o!r elem5ts 7p>4 #ccf7 take1 )\t comm&1 a correspond+ly fa/] gait ?an ! base4 ,if gallop be comm&$ at any "t1 x applies only to ! o!r elem5ts 7f74 ,! base 7lead+ elem5t7 habitually pres]ves ! gait ( m>* 7a74 ,! lead] controls ! movem5ts ( ! base accord+ to ! object 9 view4 ,he may dim9i% its pace or gait or halt x to ha/5 ! =mation4 ,a comm& to decrease ! gait or to halt1 giv5 dur+ ! execution ( ! movem5t1 applies only to ^? elem5ts t h already complet$ ! movem5t4 ,! lead] habitually s controls ! base t elem5ts 9 re> ne$ n move fa/] ?an a maneuv] gallop 9 ord] to execute ! movem5t4 7c7 ,column to ! front is =m$ f l9e on ! base at ! gait ( m>* 7a7 or at ! gait ord]$ 7e74 ,! o!r elem5ts 7p>4 #ccf7 take or ma9ta9 a correspond+ly sl[] gait 7or1 if halt$1 rema9 s7 until !y c move at ! gait ( ! base to take _! places 9 ! column4 ,if an increas$ gait be comm&$ at any "t1 x is tak5 at fir/ only by ! lead] & base or by ! lead] & ^? elem5ts t h already mov$ to ent] ! column 7f7 7d7 ,9 cases n cov]$ by 7b7 or 7c71 if ! base & o!r elem5ts h equal di/ances to g !y move at ! gait ( m>* or at t indicat$ 9 ! comm& 7e4g41 #a4 ,platoons "r turn1 trot2 #b4 ,,m>*74 7e7 ,9 cases n cov]$ by 7b71 7c71 or 7d7 7e4g41 assemble f =ag]s1 p>4 #dad71 or by "s special provision 9 ! description ( ! correspond+ movem5t 7e4g41 e*elon1 p>4 #gjb7 ! base ma9ta9s ! gait ( m>* 7a7 or takes t ( ! lead]2 ! o!r elem5ts move at a correspond+ly fa/] or sl[] gait z may be necess>y = ! execution ( ! movem5t & on arriv+ at _! places take ! gait ( ! base 7p>4 #cch74 ,if a special gait be comm&$1 x is tak5 by ! base or by ! o!r elem5ts1 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciple /at$ 9 7f74 7f7 ,:5 ! comm&] indicates a special gait1 :e!r 9 ! prep>atory comm& or dur+ ! execution ( ! movem5t1 ! effect is always to1 ha/5 ! completion ( ! movem5t4 ,?is pr9ciple w assi/ 9 apply+ ! rules 9 7b71 7c71 & 7e74 7g7 ,*anges ( gait made by elem5ts1 )\t comm&1 9 accordance ) ! above rules1 are1 except z specially indicat$ 9 ! comm&s1 *anges ( "o degree4 #cch4 ,any exceptions to ! above rules are not$ :]e !y occur4 #cci4 ,gaits = movem5ts on foot4--7a7 ,! g5]al pr9ciples ( gaits = m\nt$ movem5ts apply to movem5ts on foot ) ! modifications not$ 9 7b7 to 7g71 bel[1 & su* o!rs z are to be readily inf]r$ f ! application ( ! pr9ciples ( ! ,s*ool ( ! ,troop]1 ,dism\nt$4 7b7 ,no elem5t moves 9 d\ble "t unless ! movem5t be execut$ :5 m>*+ 9 d\ble "t or d\ble "t be comm&$ 7p>4 #dg7 or o!rwise indicat$ by ! lead]4 ,no troop] increases ! l5g? ( ! /ep or ! cad5ce unless specially s prescrib$4 7c7 ,! lead] s controls ! movem5ts ( ! base z to facilitate ! execution ( ! movem5t 9 accordance ) 7b71 above4 ,?is w involve halt+ ! base :5ev] c]ta9 movem5ts 7e4g41 ^? f column into l9e7 are execut$ 9 quick "t4 7d7 ,if d\ble "t be includ$ 9 ! prep>atory comm& = a movem5t1 ! indication is obey$ 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples ( p>4 #ccg4 7e7 ,9 movem5ts f l9e into column1 & 9 o!r simil> movem5ts1 if execut$ at att5tion1 ! troop]s :ile wait+ to take _! places 9 ! column d n halt unless halt be comm&$ by a platoon 7or troop7 comm&]4 ,!y m>k "t in/ead if necess>y = ! execution ( ! movem5t4 7f7 ,9 apply+ ! rules = m\nt$ movem5ts to movem5ts on foot quick "t w be und]/ood :]e walk is ref]r$ to & d\ble "t :]e any fa/] gait is ref]r$ to4 7g7 ,any exceptions to ! above rules are /at$ :]e !y occur4 ,section #g4 ,! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad4 #cdj4 ,z soon z ! troop]s are suffici5tly advanc$ 9 _! in/ruction 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,troop] !y w be gr\p$ into tempor>y squads = elem5t>y collective in/ruction4 ,?is in/ruction w be conduct$ 9 accordance ) ! g5]al pr9ciples indicat$ 9 p>4 #db2 progress !re9 %\ld be s regulat$ t no collective movem5t w be tak5 up until ! troop]1 by previ\s individual in/ruction1 has be5 prop]ly prep>$ = its execution4 #cda4 ,in/ruction 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad is int5d$ prim>ily to tea* recruits ! elem5t>y movem5ts ^u :i* ! entire drill is bas$4 ,x may be recurr$ to :5ev] necess>y 9 cases :]e troop]s evid5ce ! ne$ ( fur!r elem5t>y "w4 #cdb4 ,= elem5t>y collective in/ruction gr\ps ( n to exce$ six or eight m5 c be us$ to be/ advantage4 ,! actual in/ruction ( ea* gr\p %\ld be conduct$ by a noncommission$ (fic]1 b ! in/ruction mu/ be closely sup]vis$ by a commission$ (fic] 7p>4 #cg74 #cdc4 ,! sy/em ( drill conta9$ 9 ^! regulations is bas$ l>gely ^u ! actual lead+ ( units by _! respective *iefs or comm&]s4 ,dur+ ! elem5t>y in/ruction ( recruits1 bo? m\nt$ & dism\nt$1 lead+ w be emphasiz$ z indicat$ 9 p>4 #cdd4 ,!reaft] ! application ( lead+ w con=m to p>s4 #ddh to #def4 #cdd4 ,! fir/ collective in/ruction w1 !re=e1 be 9 con=m+ to ! m>* ( a lead]1 ?us confirm+ & ext5d+ ! in/ruction giv5 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,troop] 7p>s4 #bie1 #bih72 & reasonable pr(ici5cy 9 ?is in/ruction mu/ be secur$ be=e any attempt is made to utilize ei!r comm&s or signals 9 ! execution ( collective movem5ts1 except1 z prescrib$ 9 p>4 #cfc4 #cde4 ,x is difficult = a lead] to lead ! squad prop]ly & at ! same "t to sup]vise ! m>* & correct ! errors ( individual troop]s4 ,= ?is reason x is desirable1 especially 9 ! e>li] collective drills1 t ! in/ructor h z an assi/ant ano!r noncommission$ (fic] or a well-in/ruct$ troop]4 ,! in/ructor !n leads ! squad & requires 8 assi/ant 7:o takes ! positions be/ adapt$ = ! purpose 9 view7 to sup]vise closely ! movem5ts ( ! troop]s & to correct errors by means ( cautions address$ quietly by "n to ! individual man or m5 conc]n$4 ,lat] ! in/ructor simil>ly sup]vises ! execution ( ! m>* :ile requir+ 8 assi/ant to lead ! squad4 ,z ! troop]s advance 9 ! in/ruction ! in/ructor %\ld give ea* ( !m su* practice 9 lead+ ! squad z ! progress ( ! individual troop] conc]n$ may appe> to ju/ify4 #cdf4 ,:5 in/ruction 9 lead+ 7p>4 #cfg7 has advanc$ to ! po9t :]e ! guide c pres]ve 8 prop] di/ance f ! lead] & con=m promptly & smoo?ly to ! latt]'s movem5ts1 ! o!r troop]s meantime pres]v+ _! int]val & alignm5t )\t undue con/ra9t or unnecess>ily abrupt *anges ( gait or pace1 ! in/ruction is ext5d$ progressively to include1 9 accordance ) ! me?ods prescrib$ 9 p>4 #cdg1 ! execution ( ! movem5ts prescrib$ = ! squad4 #cdg4 ,?r\gh\t ! in/ruction prescrib$ by p>4 #cdf ! squad w cont9ue z be=e to be l$4 ,9 tea*+ ea* new movem5t ! example & movem5ts ( ! in/ructor z lead] w be supplem5t$ at fir/ by oral comm&s only1 !n by oral comm&s accompani$ by ! correspond+ arm signals = ^? movem5ts = :i* su* signals are provid$ 7see ,signals1 p>s4 #ihh-iif71 !n by signals alone4 ,! comm&s & signals w be giv5 by ! actual lead]4 ,:5 ! in/ructor is n actually lead+ 7p>4 #cde7 he may ei!r indicate to ! lead] ! movem5ts to be execut$ or else leave to him ! selection ( su* movem5ts4 #cdh4 ,aft] ! oral comm&s & arm signals are ?or\ghly und]/ood ! in/ructor w practice ! squad 9 pass+ f "o =mation to ano!r1 us+ oral comm&s = "s movem5ts1 signals = "s1 & caus+ "s 7e4g41 *anges ( direction7 to be execut$ by con=m+ to ! movem5ts ( ! lead] )\t ! additional indication ( ei!r oral comm&s or signals4 #cdi4 ,! troop]s mu/ be accu/om$ to con=m+1 )\t ! assi/ance ( any comm& or signal giv5 to ! squad z a :ole1 to simple movem5ts 7e4g41 movem5ts front into l9e7 initiat$ at ! head ( a column =mation by a comm& s giv5 z to be he>d by only ! lead+ troop]s4 ,) reasonable practice ! m ess5tial *anges ( =mation t are execut$ t[>d ! direction ( m>* c readily be tak5 by ! squad by con=m+1 )\t o!r indication1 to ! movem5ts ( ! troop]s ne>e/ ! lead]4 ,z _m movem5ts 9 s]vice mu/ be execut$ "u conditions ( noise1 du/1 etc41 t w r5d] x difficult = ! comm&s or signals ( ! lead] to be und]/ood except by ^? ne> him1 practice1 9 con=m+ promptly & intellig5tly to ! movem5ts ( ! elem5ts ne>e/ ! lead] is important & mu/ be giv5 c>eful att5tion4 ,! object ultimately to be s\ght 9 ! in/ruction is ! quiet1 rapid1 & effective h&l+ ( ! squad ) a m9imum ( ei!r oral comm&s or signals4 ,! squad is requir$ to pass rapidly f "o =mation to ano!r1 a new movem5t be+ occasionally initiat$ be=e ! execution ( ! "o prec$+ x has be5 complet$4 ,,to ,,=m ,,! ,,squad1 ,,m\nt$4 #cej4 ,to =m ! squad 9 l9e 7p>4 #cfh-;a71 ! lead] 7in/ructor7 designates a troop] to act z ! base ( ! =mation1 indicates to su* troop] ! po9t :]e ! "r ( ! squad is to re/ & ! direction 9 :i* ! l9e is to face1 takes position at a conv5i5t di/ance 9 front ( & fac+ ! po9t :]e ! c5t] ( ! squad is to re/1 & comm&s3 ,,lead ,,into ,,l9e4 ,! base troop] leads out 7p>4 #ahh7 & takes position z indicat$2 ! o!r troop]s lead out s z to approa* ! l9e successively directly f ! re> & 9 s+le rank =m on ! l9e e/abli%$ by ! base troop]1 9 ord] f "r to left4 ,! troop]s =m at /& to horse 7p>4 #ahg7 ) int]vals ( #ah in*es betwe5 horses4 ,! l9e hav+ ?us =m$1 ! lead] calls ! roll & comm&s1 ,,c\nt ,,f\rs 7p>4 #hd74 ,:]e !re is an incomplete f\r ! troop]s 9 x are caution$ z to ! numb]s f9ally assign$ !m 7p>4 #cfh-;b74 ,:5 b a s+le troop] is available = an incomplete f\r ! f\r is habitually brok5 up & a troop] is plac$ z an extra file clos]4 ,?is rule may1 h[ev]1 be modifi$ 9 connection ) ! in/ruction ( recruits4 ,! squad hav+ c\nt$ f\rs1 ! lead] causes ! squad to m\nt 7p>4 #ceh74 #cea4 ,! =mation 9 column ( f\rs1 twos1 or troop]s 7p>4 #cfh-;b1 c1 d7 is simil>ly execut$4 ,! lead] comm&s3 ,,lead ,,into ,,column 7,,column ,,( ,,twos1 ,,column ,,( ,,troop]s74 ,! troop] ^u :om ! =mation is bas$ 7p>4 #cej7 becomes ,no4 #a ( ! lead+ f\r4 ,! elem5ts ( ! column =m1 9 ord] f front to re>1 ) di/ances ( #d feet betwe5 successive1 f\rs1 twos1 or troop]s4 ,9 column ( f\rs or twos ea* f\r or two =ms on its "r troop] z 9 l9e4 ,:5 ! =mation is 9 column ( f\rs ! comm& ,,c\nt ,,f\rs is omitt$4 ,! lead] cautions3 ,,note ,,y\r ,,numb]s4 #ceb4 ,! squad may also =m 9 simil> mann] aft] ! troop]s m\nt4 ,9 ?is case ! lead] causes ! troop]s to m\nt individually aft] saddl+ & comm&s3 ,,ride ,,into ,,l9e 7,,column1 ,,column ,,( ,,twos1 ,,column ,,( ,,troop]s74 ,! int]val betwe5 ! m\nt$ troop]s is #f in*es f knee to knee4 ,,to ,,=m ,,! ,,squad1 ,,dism\nt$4 #cec4 ,= ! dism\nt$ =mation ( ! squad1 9 l9e1 :5 n arm$ ) ! rifle1 ! lead] designates ! troop] to act z ! base1 indicates ! latt]'s position1 & takes 8 own position z describ$ 9 p>4 #cej1 above4 ,he !n comm&s3 ,,fall ,,94 ,! troop]s =m z 9 p>s4 #eg & #eh4 ,! lead] !n calls ! roll & causes ! squad to c\nt f\rs4 ,if arm$ ) ! rifle1 ! troop]s fall 9 ) rifles at ! ord]4 ,z soon z ! l9e or column is =m$ ! lead] comm&s3 #a4 ,inspection1 #b4 ,,arms1 #c4 ,"r %\ld]1 #d4 ,,arms 7p>4 #ia-b;d71 & calls ! roll4 ,ea* man1 z 8 "n is call$1 answ]s "h & executes ord] arms4 ,! =mation 9 column ( f\rs1 twos1 or troop]s is conduct$ 9 accordance ) ! modifications indicat$4 ,! comm&s ( ! lead] are3 ,,fall ,,91 ,,9 ,,column 7,,column ,,( ,,twos1 ,,column ,,( ,,troop]s74 ,! di/ance betwe5 successive f\rs is #ib in*es2 betwe5 successive twos1 #dj in*es2 betwe5 successive troop]s1 #ad in*es4 ,,to ,,m\nt ,,& ,,dism\nt4 #ced4 ,! squad be+ 9 l9e1 at /& to horse1 ! habitual comm&s = m\nt+ are3 #a4 ,prep>e to m\nt1 #b4 ,,m\nt2 #c4 ,=m1 #d4 ,,rank4 ,at ! fir/ comm& ! odd numb]s lead out #d y>ds directly to ! front1 & all execute ! movem5ts & take ! f9al positions prescrib$ 9 p>4 #aia-;a4 ,at ! second comm& all ! troop]s complete1 simultane\sly1 ! movem5ts ( m\nt+ z prescrib$ 9 p>4 #aia-;b4 ,at ! f\r? comm& ! ev5 numb]s move up into _! int]vals 9 ! l9e4 ,if ! squad has dism\nt$ f l9e & has =m$ rank 7p>4 #cef71 ! odd numb]s /& fa/ at ! comm& ,prep>e to m\nt & all m\nt 9 place4 ,if ! squad be m\nt$ 9 column ( f\rs2 ! ?ird & f\r? comm&s are omitt$4 ,at ! fir/ comm& ! troop]s ( ea* f\r op5 out fanwise1 ,nos4 #a & #b to ! "r1 ,nos4 #c & #d to ! left4 ,nos4 #a & #d op5 out a little m ?an ,nos4 #b & #c1 all op5+ only en\gh to p]mit ! troop]s to m\nt )\t int]f]+ ) ea* o!r4 ,! troop]s habitually /raight5 _! horses 9 ! column z soon z !y h m\nt$1 b ?is requirem5t may be relax$ :5ev] m\nt+ 9 unison is n requir$ 7p>4 #ceh74 ,! squad 9 column ( twos is m\nt$ by comm&s & me?ods con=m+ to ^? us$ = m\nt+ f column ( f\rs4 #cee4 ,! prep>atory oral comm& = m\nt+ may be omitt$4 ,! squad !n executes at ! comm& ,,m\nt all ! movem5ts prescrib$ 9 p>4 #ced = ! comm&s1 #a4 ,prep>e to m\nt1 #b4 ,,m\nt4 ,! troop]s m\nt promptly1 b n 9 unison4 ,! prep>atory signal = m\nt+1 :5 foll[$ imm$iately by ! signal ( execution1 w be und]/ood z equival5t to ! oral comm& ,,m\nt1 & w be execut$ accord+ly4 #cef4 ,! squad be+ 9 l9e1 ! habitual comm&s = dism\nt+ are3 #a4 ,prep>e to dism\nt1 #b4 ,,dism\nt2 #c4 ,=m1 #d4 ,,rank4 ,at ! fir/ comm& ! odd numb]s ride #d y>ds directly to ! front1 regulat+ on ! "r1 & all ! troop]s execute ! movem5ts & take ! f9al position prescrib$ 9 p>4 #aib-;a4 ,at ! second comm& ! troop]s execute1 simultane\sly1 ! movem5ts prescrib$ 9 p>4 #aib-;b4 ,at ! f\r? comm& ! ev5 numb]s lead into _! int]vals 9 ! rank4 ,! ?ird & f\r? comm&s are giv5 only 9 case x is desir$ to =m rank4 ,! squad may be dism\nt$ &1 )\t =m+ rank1 execute re/ or at ease 7p>4 #cei71 or be inspect$1 m\nt$1 or dismiss$4 ,! modifications indicat$ = dism\nt+ 9 column ( f\rs & column ( twos correspond to ^? prescrib$ 9 p>4 #ced = m\nt+ f ! correspond+ =mation1 except t ! horses are n habitually /raight5$ 9 ! column aft] dism\nt+ unless ! dism\nt$ squad moves =w>d 7! troop]s lead+ _! horses74 #ceg4 ,! prep>atory oral comm& = dism\nt+1 may be omitt$4 ,! squad !n executes at ! comm& ,,dism\nt all ! movem5ts prescrib$ 9 p>4 #cef = ! comm&s3 #a4 ,prep>e to dism\nt1 #b4 ,,dism\nt4 ,! troop]s dism\nt promptly b n 9 unison4 ,! prep>atory signal = dism\nt+1 :5 foll[$ imm$iately by ! signal ( execution1 w be und]/ood z equival5t to ! oral comm& ,,dism\nt1 & w be execut$ accord+ly4 #ceh4 ,until ! individual in/ruction ( recruits has advanc$ to a po9t :]e !y h acquir$ reasonable pr(ici5cy 9 m\nt+ & dism\nt+1 ^! movem5ts w be execut$ at collective z well z at individual in/ruction by ! comm&s & me?ods indicat$ 9 p>s4 #cee & #ceg4 ,aft] su* pr(ici5cy has be5 acquir$1 m\nt+ & dism\nt+ at close-ord] drills1 at c]emonies1 & at all occasions ( a c]emonial nature w habitually be execut$ 9 unison by ! comm&s & me?ods prescrib$ 9 p>s4 #ced & #cef1 respectively4 ,! comm&s & me?ods prescrib$ 9 p>s4 #cee & #ceg1 respectively1 may1 9 ! discretion ( ! comm&]1 cont9ue to be employ$ on all o!r duty4 ,,! ,,re/s ,,& ,,r\te ,,ord]4 #cei4 ,! m\nt$ squad executes ! re/s & r\te ord] z prescrib$ 9 p>4 #bba4 ,aft] dism\nt+ f l9e1 re/ or at ease may be giv5 ei!r be=e or aft] =m+ rank4 ,! dism\nt$ squad executes ! re/s & r\te ord] z prescrib$ 9 p>s4 #fj & #fa4 ,,to ,,dismiss ,,! ,,squad4 #cfj4 ,! squad1 9 column ( troop]s1 is dismiss$ z prescrib$ = t =mation 9 p>4 #bbb4 ,! squad 9 column ( f\rs is dismiss$ at ! same comm&4 ,! troop] on ! "r ( ! lead+ f\r leads out z indicat$ 9 p>4 #bbb & is foll[$1 9 turn1 by ! o!r troop]s ( t f\r1 !n by ! troop]s ( ! next f\r1 & s on successively to ! re> ( ! column4 ,9 ea* f\r ! troop]s lead out 9 ord] f "r to left4 ,! dismissal f column ( twos is simil>ly execut$4 ,! squad be+ 9 l9e is dismiss$ by ! comm&s & me?ods prescrib$ 9 p>4 #bbb = a l9e ) int]vals1 except t ! troop]s1 9 ord] to h _! prop] di/ance1 move out successively f "r to left in/ead ( simultane\sly4 ,at ! comm&s3 #a4 ,by ! "r & left1 #b4 ,,fall ,,out1 ! movem5t is execut$ 9 a simil> mann] f bo? flanks ( ! l9e4 ,aft] hav+ dism\nt$ f l9e ! squad may be dismiss$ )\t =m+ rank4 ,dism\nt$1 )\t horses & n "u arms1 ! comm& is ,,dismiss$4 ,dism\nt$1 )\t horses b arm$ ) ! rifle1 ! squad is dismiss$ z 9 p>4 #aad4 ,,alignm5ts4 #cfa4 ,at ! prelim9>y in/ruction 7conduct$ )\t =mal comm&7 ! in/ructor has two troop]s on ! "r ( ! rank move =w>d a conv5i5t di/ance & halt4 ,he !n aligns ^! two troop]s c>efully1 ) ! prop] int]val z 9 l9e 7p>4 #cfh-;a71 & causes ! o!r troop]s to note ! details ( ! alignm5t4 ,! o!r troop]s are !n requir$ to move up "o at a "t & align !mselves1 ) ! correct int]val1 on ! l9e ?us e/abli%$4 ,! troop]s move =w>d1 9 ord] f "r to left1 at successive repetitions by ! in/ructor ( ! caution ,,next4 ,ea* troop]1 :5 on or ne> ! l9e1 executes eyes "r 7p>4 #fd71 aligns himself accurately on ! l9e e/abli%$ by ! troop] or troop]s on 8 "r1 & looks to ! front z soon z he ?9ks himself correctly align$4 ,! in/ructor expla9s & corrects any errors4 ,simil> in/ruction is giv5 ! troop]s 9 align+ !mselves to ! left4 ,z soon z reasonable pr(ici5cy is atta9$ b a s+le troop] is mov$ =w>d1 & ! alignm5t is made 9 ! same mann] ^u ! s+le troop] e/abli%$ z ! base4 ,! in/ruction is simil>ly giv5 ) ! c5t] troop] mov$ to ! front z a base4 ,two troop]s1 "o on ! "r1 ! o!r on ! left ( ! base1 !n move =w>d at ea* repetition ( ! caution ,,next4 ,! in/ructor obs]ves 9 ! m\nt$ in/ruction3 ,t ea* troop] moves 8 horse promptly & halts ) 8 horse correctly dispos$2 t he sits squ>ely on 8 horse )\t advanc+ ei!r %\ld] or lean+ 8 body to ! front or re>2 t he dresses promptly z he arrives on ! l9e2 & t he makes prop] use ( ! aids 7p>s4 #bjj to #bjh74 ,9 ! fir/ drills ! basis ( ! alignm5t is e/abli%$ p>allel to ! front ( ! section2 aft]w>ds 9 oblique directions4 #cfb4 ,:5 ! troop]s h acquir$ reasonable pr(ici5cy 9 align+ !mselves1 z above1 ! alignm5t is execut$ at ! comm& ,,dress1 giv5 by ! in/ructor f 8 position z lead]4 ,! troop] designat$ z ! guide 7p>4 #cga7 is always ! base troop] ( ! alignm5t & places himself accurately #c y>ds 9 re> ( ! lead]4 ,all ! o!r troop]s align !mselves promptly on ! base troop]1 cont9u+ to look t[>d him until ! comm&1 ,,front4 ,at ?is la/ comm&1 giv5 :5 ! alignm5t is complet$1 all turn ! head & eyes quickly to ! front & take ! position ( att5tion 7p>s4 #ei1 #aih74 ,movem5ts 9 ! rank !n cease4 ,! in/ructor !n habitually faces ! squad or goes to ei!r flank to v]ify ! accuracy ( ! dress+1 fir/ caution+ ! guide to rema9 9 place4 #cfc4 ,! troop]s & _! m\nts mu/ be s tra9$ z to enable alignm5t & int]val to be kept ) suffici5t accuracy to ma9ta9 cohesion 9 ! m\nt$ *>ge & to1 pres5t a cr$itable appe>ance at c]emonies & at o!r occasions ( a =mal or c]emonial "*4 ,a disproportionate am\nt ( "t & en]gy w n be devot$ to ?is detail4 #cfd4 ,! use ( dress+ by comm& is ord9>ily conf9$ to elem5t>y in/ruction 7z prep>ation = ! m>* 9 l9e7 & to =mations ( a di/9ctly c]emonial "*4 ,at all o!r times ! troop]s are requir$ habitually to align !mselves on ! base troop] )\t special comm& & to look to ! front z soon z align$4 ,=mal dress+ is employ$ only :5 ! squad is at a halt4 #cfe4 ,! caution3 ,,dress1 may1 if necess>y1 be giv5 to ! squad :5 m>*+ 7p>4 #cfg72 b x w n be employ$ :5 x is practicable to use in/ead cautions address$ by "n to ! individual troop] or troop]s :o are at fault4 #cff4 ,alignm5ts1 dism\nt$1 are execut$ by ! same g5]al me?ods z :5 m\nt$4 ,at ! comm&3 ,,dress1 ! h& is plac$ ^u ! hip to v]ify ! int]val 7p>4 #eg74 ,ea* troop] 9 dress+ s places himself t 8 "r arm re/s lightly aga9/ ! arm ( ! man on 8 "r & t 8 eyes & %\ld]s are 9 l9e ) ^? ( ! man on 8 "r4 ,! left h& is dropp$ to ! side at ! comm& ,,front4 ,,lead+ ,,! ,,squad4 7,see also p>s4 #cbb-ccb47 #cfg4 ,! squad be+ 9 l9e at a halt1 ! in/ructor directs ! guide 7p>4 #cga7 to ma9ta9 a position at a di/ance ( #c y>ds 7ab\t "o horse l5g?7 9 re> ( him & to foll[ accurately 9 8 pa?1 :e!r su* pa? be a /raight l9e or a curve4 ,he expla9s to ! o!r troop]s t 9 m>*+ !y are s to regulate on ! guide z to pres]ve z ne>ly z practicable _! alignm5t & int]val 9 ! rank1 individually increas+ & decreas+ ! gait or pace 7,def47 z may be necess>y to d ?is4 ,all are caution$ t !y mu/ le>n to keep _! prop] positions 9 ! rank )\t unnecess>y rigidity )\t mak+ sudd5 *anges 9 gait or pace & )\t keep+ _! eyes con/antly fix$ on ! guide4 ,!y are in/ruct$ t :ile rid+ ) ! head & eyes habitually direct$ z 9 p>4 #aih !y w keep an al]t look\t ov] ! gr\nd 9 front1 ca/ frequ5t glances t[>d ! lead] s z to obs]ve ! latt]'s movem5ts1 & glance occasionally t[>d ! guide to assure t ! alignm5t is be+ correctly ma9ta9$4 ,hav+ giv5 ^! in/ructions1 ! lead] places himself1 fac+ to ! front1 #c y>ds 9 front ( ! guide1 comm&s3 ,,foll[ ,,me1 & moves =w>d4 ,! lead] mu/ be1 c>eful to m>* /eadily1 s regulat+ 8 direction & gait at fir/ z to enable ! guide to con=m )\t difficulty4 ,ea* troop] keeps 8 horse /raight 9 ! rank1 ma9ta9+ 8 alignm5t ) ! guide & 8 prop] int]val 7p>4 #cfh-;a7 f ! man next him on ! side ( ! guide4 ,! troop]s yield to pressure f ! side ( ! guide & resi/ pressure f ! opposite direction4 ,all adju/m5ts are made gradually )\t cr[d+ or confusion4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ! lead] moves at a walk & makes only slight *anges ( direction4 ,z ! in/ructor completes ea* *ange ( direction he indicates ! new direction ( m>* by ext5d+ 8 arm z 9 signal =w>d 7p>4 #iij71 dropp+ ! h& to ! side :5 ! guide's horse is /raight5$ 9 ! new direction4 ,:5 ! troop]s h become suffici5tly practic$ 9 adju/+ !mselves to ! movem5ts ( ! in/ructor1 ! latt] makes ! *anges ( direction m m>k$1 & moves1 dur+ su* *anges1 on ! arcs ( small] circles4 ,f9ally1 he requires ! squad to apply ! pr9ciples ( lead+ 9 ! mann] indicat$ 9 p>s4 #cdf-cdi4 ,z ea* movem5t is tak5 up ! pr9ciples ( lead+ t apply are expla9$ 9 detail1 s t all may und]/& cle>ly ! id5tity & position ( ! base4 ,! base troop] 7guide7 mu/ cle>ly und]/& 8 duties4 7,fig4 #ca47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg1 p>4 #cfg4 ,,squad ,,=mations4 ,! =mations ( ! squad = drill1 m>*1 or combat are z foll[s3 ,,close ,,ord]4 #cfh4 7a7 ,l9e3 ,! troop]s are abrea/ ( ea* o!r ) int]vals 7,def47 ( #f in*es 7m\nt$7 or #d in*es 7dism\nt$7 betwe5 troop]s4 7b7 ,column ( f\rs3 ,! troop]s ( ea* f\r are arrang$ z 9 l9e4 ,! f\rs foll[ successively "o beh9d ano!r ) di/ances 7,def47 betwe5 ,successive f\rs ( #d feet1 m\nt$1 or #ib in*es1 dism\nt$4 ,:5 a f\r includes less ?an f\r troop]s x is an incomplete f\r4 ,places 9 an incomplete f\r are habitually fill$ 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 ,no4 #b1 ,no4 #c1 ,no4 #d1 ,no4 #a 7p>4 #cgd74 7c7 ,column ( twos3 ,! troop]s ( ea* two are arrang$ z 9 l9e1 ! twos foll[+ successively1 "o beh9d ano!r1 ) di/ances betwe5 successive twos ( #d feet1 m\nt$1 or #dj in*es1 dism\nt$4 ,if any two h b a s+le troop] ! latt] takes ! position correspond+ to ! "r troop] ( ! incomplete two 7p>4 #cgd74 7d7 ,column ( troop]s3 ,! troop]s ( ea* f\r foll[ successively1 "o beh9d ano!r1 ) di/ances betwe5 consecutive troop]s ( #d feet :5 m\nt$1 or #ad in*es :5 dism\nt$4 ,,ext5d$ ,,ord]4 7e7 ,=ag]s3 ,! troop]s are abrea/ ( ea* o!r1 ) int]vals ( #c y>ds betwe5 troop]s1 unless "s o!r int]val be specially designat$4 ,! dism\nt$ =mation correspond+ to =ag]s is skirmi%]s4 ,! int]val betwe5 troop]s 9 l9e ( skirmi%]s is "o-half pace unless "s o!r int]val be designat$4 ,9 ! employm5t ( a squad or o!r small deta*m5t ! designation ( a great] int]val ?an "o-half pace is habitual r ?an exceptional 7p>4 #djh74 ,9 a l9e ( skirmi%]s at "o-half pace int]val ea* man may be consid]$ z occupy+1 includ+ 8 int]val1 ab\t #a y>d ( front4 ,! squad may also be ext5d$ 9 dep? z prescrib$ 9 p>4 #dac4 ,,ord] ,,9 ,,! ,,squad4 #cfi4 ,:5 x is said t a unit is 9 ord] 9 any =mation x is meant t ! arrangem5t & condition ( ! compon5t elem5ts is su* t ! unit is ready to execute1 9 ! accu/om$ mann]1 any movem5t t is int5d$ to be execut$ f ! =mation 9 "q4 ,! conditions ess5tial to ord] 9 ea* =mation ( ! squad are /at$ 9 p>agraph #cgj4 ,! squad1 9 l9e1 = example1 w\ld n be 9 ord] if ! troop]s did n "k _! numb]s1 = x c\ld !n execute no movem5t bas$ ^u ! division into f\rs1 twos1 or troop]s4 #cgj4 ,! squad 9 l9e1 column ( f\rs1 or =ag]s is 9 ord] :5 ! troop]s ( ea* f\r are arrang$1 f "r to left 9 ! f\r1 9 ! ord] ( _! respective numb]s1 & ea* kn[s 8 numb]4 ,! squad 9 column ( twos is 9 ord] :5 ! twos ( ea* f\r are next to ea* o!r 9 ! column1 odd numb]s on ! "r1 & ea* troop] kn[s 8 numb]4 ,:5 ! two compos$ ( #a & #b is 9 front1 ! column is said to be "r 9 front2 :5 ! two compos$ ( #c & #d is 9 front1 ! column is said to be left 9 front4 ,! squad 9 column ( troop]s is 9 ord] :5 ! troop]s ( ea* f\r are next to "o ano!r 9 ! column1 are arrang$ f front to re> 9 ! ord] #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 or #d1 #c1 #b1 #a1 & ea* troop] kn[s 8 numb]4 ,:5 ! ord] is #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 ! column is said to be "r 9 front2 :5 ! ord] is #d1 #c1 #b1 #a1 left 9 front4 ,x is n necess>y to ord] 9 ! squad1 9 any ( ! above =mations1 t a p>ticul> troop] or troop]s be 9 any designat$ f\r1 nor t ! f\rs h any special relative ord] f "r to left or front to re>4 ,,guide ,,( ,,! ,,squad4 7see also ,def4 ,base1 & p>4 #cbf47 #cga4 ,at ! orig9al =mation ( ! squad 9 l9e1 ! lead] designates a troop] by "n z guide ( ! squad4 ,! guide ( ! squad 9 l9e & =ag]s is habitually a troop] at or ne> ! c5t] ( ! squad2 any troop] may1 h[ev]1 be designat$ z guide4 #cgb4 ,a troop] hav+ once be5 designat$ z guide ( ! squad 9 l9e cont9ues to act z su*1 9 l9e or =ag]s1 until ano!r troop] be specifically designat$ z guide4 ,) a view1 h[ev]1 to avoid+ possible d\bt z to ! id5tity ( ! guide1 ! lead] at ea* *ange ( =mation t t]m9ates 9 l9e or =ag]s habitually indicates ! guide ( ! new =mation4 #cgc4 ,to designate ! guide ! lead] cautions3 7,s-&-s7 ,,! ,,guide1 & habitually places himself #c y>ds 9 front ( ! troop] nam$ if n already 9 t position4 ,a troop] designat$ z guide w1 at ! "t ( ! designation1 raise 8 h& or weapon to a position v]tically above 8 head1 hold ! position = a mom5t1 & !n l[] 8 arm to 8 side )\t fur!r comm&4 ,! lead] or 8 assi/ant may at any "t cause ! guide ?us to indicate 8 id5tity to ! o!r troop]s by caution+3 ,,guide4 ,! lead] may *ange ! guide ( ! squad 9 l9e at any "t by indicat+ disreg>d 7p>4 #iij71 plac+ himself 9 front ( ano!r troop] & designat+ ! latt] z guide 9 ! mann] prescrib$ above4 #cgd4 ,! base ( ! squad 9 ea* ( ! column =mations is ! lead+ elem5t 7f\r1 two1 or troop]1 respectively74 ,! guide ( ! lead+ 7base7 elem5t is also ! guide ( ! squad4 ,9 ea* f\r ,no4 #b is ! guide2 9 ea* two ! "r troop] 7,no4 #a or ,no4 #c74 ,9 an incomplete f\r or two ! position ( ! guide is always fill$4 ,! guide ( ea* elem5t 9 re> ( ! base foll[s 9 ! trace ( ! guide ( ! base 7lead+7 elem5t at ! prescrib$ di/ance4 #cge4 ,:5ev] 9 ! execution ( any movem5t a f\r or two moves to its new position by an oblique 7or movem5t approximat+ an oblique7 ! troop] on ! side t[>d :i* ! oblique is made acts z guide ( ! elem5t dur+ ! oblique4 ,at all o!r times ! guide 9 a f\r or two is z indicat$ 9 p>4 #cgd unless specially o!rwise /at$4 #cgf4 ,! guide ( ! squad habitually foll[s ! lead] at #c y>ds di/ance1 b ! lead] may designate a great] di/ance1 9 :i* case ! guide m>*es accord+ly4 #cgg4 ,:5 a guide tempor>ily is direct+ guide 7p>4 #cbd71 x is necess>y t he cont9ue accurately 9 ! direction ( m>* or 9 ! direction indicat$ = him by ! lead]4 ,?is is an application ( ! m>*+ ^u fix$ po9ts prescrib$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,troop] 7p>4 #bcb74 ,,movem5ts ,,execut$ ,,by ,,! ,,squad4 #cgh4 ,any =mation 7close or ext5d$ ord]7 prescrib$ = ! squad may be tak5 directly f any o!r close-ord] =mation4 ,be+ 9 ext5d$ ord] ! squad1 to pass directly to close ord]1 mu/ execute ! assembly or rally4 #cgi4 ,subject to su* modifications z are indicat$ "u ! respective p>agraphs describ+ ! movem5ts1 ! dism\nt$ squad executes1 at ! same comm&s z prescrib$ = ! m\nt$ squad1 su* movem5ts z are n obvi\sly inapplicable to dism\nt$ duty4 ,! execution ( ! dism\nt$ movem5ts w1 :]e diff]5ces 9 ! m\nt$ & dism\nt$ me?ods necess>ily exi/1 be 9 accord ) ! pr9ciples expla9$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,troop]1 ,dism\nt$1 correspond+ *anges 9 ! details ( execution be+ made4 #chj4 ,! g5]al pr9ciples regulat+ gait & pace = bo? m\nt$ & dism\nt$ movem5ts are /at$ 9 p>s4 #ccc-cci4 ,modifications ( ^? pr9ciples1 if any1 are /at$ "u ! correspond+ p>agraphs 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad4 ,,comm&s ,,& ,,correspond+ ,,arm ,,signals4 #cha4 ,foll[+ is a li/ ( ! pr9cipal comm&s employ$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad1 toge!r ) ! correspond+ arm signals1 if any4 ,! li/ includes only a few ( ! comm&s also f\nd 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,troop] 7m\nt$ or dism\nt$47 ,! comm&s are arrang$ alphabetically = conv5i5t ref]5ce4 ,! description ( ! signals w be f\nd 9 p>4 #iij4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,comm&s4 ,,p>s4 ,,arm ,,signals4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- #a4 ,assemble1 #b4 ,,m>* #dad ,assemble4#g #a4 ,backw>d1 #b4 ,,m>* #chd ,none4 #a4 ,by ! "r 7left7 flank1 #b4 ,,m>* #daa ,m>* to ! flank4#g ,,circle ,,horses #dbh ,none4 #a4 ,column1 #b4 ,,m>* #cii ,column4#g #a4 ,column half "r 7left71 #b4 ,,m>* #cif ,*ange direction4#g 7,see p>4 #chf47 #a4 ,column ( twos1 #b4 ,,m>* #cii ,column--twos4#h #a4 ,column "r 7left71 #b4 ,,m>* #cif ,*ange direction4#g 7,see p>4 #chf47 ,,c\ple ,,head ,,& ,,tail #dbg ,none4 ,,dism\nt #ceg ,prep>e to dism\nt4#g 7,giv5 z expla9$ 9 p>4 #ceg47 #a4 ,=ag]s1 #b4 ,,m>* #djh ,=ag]s4#g #daj #a4 ,=w>d1 #b4 ,,m>* #chb ,=w>d4#g #dab #a4 ,f\rs "r 7left71 #cia ,m>* to ! flank4#g #b4 ,,m>* #djj #a4 ,f\rs "r 7left7 ab\t1 #dja ,to ! re>#g 7left ab\t #b4 ,,m>* #djb only74 #a4 ,f\rs "r 7left71 #djc-;c ,none4 column left 7"r72 #b ,,m>*4 #a4 ,f\rs 7twos or troop]s7 #dac ,none4 at s _m y>ds di/ance1 #b4 ,,m>*4 #a4 ,gallop1 #b4 ,,m>* #chb ,f ! trot only3 ,increase ! gait4#gi ,,horses ,,back #dcb ,none ,,incl9e ,,to ,,! ,,"r #cij ,none #cif #a4 ,nos4 #a1 #b1 & #d2 #dcf ,none4 #b4 ,,=m ,,on ,,foot ,,m\nt #cee ,prep>e to m\nt4 7,giv5 z expla9$ 9 p>4 #cee47 #a4 ,prep>e to dism\nt1 #cef ,prep>e to dism\nt4#g #b4 ,,dism\nt #ceh #a4 ,prep>e to m\nt1 #ced ,prep>e to m\nt4#g #b4 ,,m\nt #ceh ,,rally #daf ,rally 7no prep>atory signal74 ,oral comm& habitually accompanies signal4 #a4 ,"r 7left7 by f\rs1 #djc-;a ,none4 #b4 ,,m>* #a4 ,"r 7left7 by troop]s1 #cic-;b ,none4 #b4 ,,m>* #djc-;b #a4 ,"r 7left7 by twos1 #cic-;a ,none #b4 ,,m>* #djc-;b #a4 ,"r 7left7 =w>d1 #djc-;d ,none4 f\rs "r 7left72 #b4 ,,m>*4 #a4 ,"r 7left7 half turn1 #chh ,*ange direction4#g ,! #b4 ,,m>*2 #c4 ,=w>d1 signal ( execution = ! #d4 ,,m>*2 or #c4 ,squad1 *ange ( direction is #d4 ,,halt4 foll[$ by =w>d or halt#g 7p>4 #chf74 #a4 ,"r 7left7 front into #dji ,none4 =ag]s 7or skirmi%]s71 #b4 ,,m>*4 #a4 ,"r 7left7 front into #cig ,none4 l9e1 #b4 ,,m>* #a4 ,"r 7left7 turn1 #chf ,*ange direction4#g ,! #b4 ,,m>*2 #c4 ,=w>d signal ( execution = ! #d4 ,,m>*2 or #c4 ,squad1 *ange ( direction is #d4 ,,halt foll[$ by =w>d#g or halt4#g #a4 ,skirmi%]s1 #b4 ,,m>* #djh ,skirmi%]s4#g #daj #a4 ,squad1 #b4 ,,halt #chc ,halt4#g ,,to ,,fight ,,on ,,foot4 ,:5 giv5 #dcj ,to fight on foot4 7,no orally ! indication ,,action prep>atory signal47 ,,"r 7,,left1 ,,front7 is habitually add$ to ! above comm&4 ,,fire ,,at ,,w may also imm$iately foll[ ! above comm& 7p>4 #dcj74 #a4 ,to ! re>1 #b4 ,,m>* #dab ,to ! re>4#g #a4 ,troop]s "r 7left7 #djb ,to ! re>#g 7left ab\t ab\t1 #b4 ,,m>*4 7,giv5 only74 only f column ( troop]s47 #a4 ,troop]s "r 7left7 #che ,none4 oblique1 #b4 ,,m>*4 #a4 ,trot1 #b4 ,,m>* #bci ,f ! walk3 ,increase ! gait4#gi ,f ! gallop3 ,decrease ! gait4#gi #a4 ,twos "r 7left71 #djj ,m>* to ! flank4#g #b4 ,,m>*4 7,giv5 only f column ( twos & z an exceptional movem5t47 #a4 ,twos "r 7left7 ab\t1 #djb ,to ! re>#g 7left ab\t #b4 ,,m>*4 7,giv5 only f only74 column ( twos47 #a4 ,walk1 #b4 ,,m>* #bci ,f ! trot only3 ,decrease ! gait4#gi ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,footnote #g3 ,signals m>k$ ?us are prep>atory signals2 ! signal ( execution 9 ea* case is made z prescrib$ 9 p>4 #iij4 ,footnote #h3 ,9 signals m>k$ ?us 7comb9ation signals7 ! prep>atory signal consi/s ( m ?an "o elem5t2 ! signal ( execution foll[s ! la/ elem5t ( ! prep>atory signal4 ,footnote #i3 ,see p>s4 #bci1 #ccc4 ,:5 a gait signal is add$ to ! prep>atory comm& ! result+ signal is giv5 z a comb9ation signal4 ,,detail$ ,,description ,,( ,,movem5ts1 ,,close ,,ord]4 #chb4 ,be+ 9 l9e at a halt1 to m>* to ! front3 #a4 ,=w>d1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! lead] moves =w>d1 foll[$ at a di/ance ( #c y>ds by ! guide 7p>4 #cga74 ,! o!r troop]s con=m to ! m>* ( ! guide z expla9$ 9 p>4 #cfg4 ,be+ at a halt1 to move =w>d at a trot or gallop1 ! comm&s are 7p>4 #ccc73 #a4 ,=w>d1 trot1 or #a4 ,=w>d1 gallop2 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,increases ( gait are habitually made progressively 7p>4 #bci74 ,! m>* ( ! squad 9 l9e1 dism\nt$1 is conduct$ 9 accordance ) ! provisions ( p>s4 #fh-gd4 #chc4 ,m>*+ 9 l9e1 to halt3 #a4 ,squad1 #b4 ,,halt4 ,all halt at ! second comm&4 ,! troop]s1 if n already align$1 align !mselves )\t comm& on ! guide z !y halt 7p>4 #cfd74 ,movem5t 9 ! rank !n ceases4 ,if m>*+ at ! trot or gallop1 ! gait is ord9>ily decreas$ progressively1 ! halt be+ execut$ f ! walk 7p>4 #bci74 #chd4 ,be+ 9 l9e at a halt1 to m>* backw>d3 #a4 ,backw>d1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,all ! troop]s re9 back 7p>4 #bhj71 regulat+ on ! guide1 :o ma9ta9s 8 di/ance f ! lead]4 ,! execution ( ! m>* backw>d z a collective movem5t is habitually limit$ to cases :]e ! movem5t may be necess>y2 x is !n execut$ = %ort di/ances only4 ,x is n execut$ at an increas$ gait4 #che4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 to oblique & resume ! orig9al direction3 #a4 ,troop]s "r 7left7 oblique1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,execut$ by ea* troop] z 9 p>4 #bcj4 ,dur+ ! oblique m>* ! "r knee ( ea* troop] %\ld be j 9 re> ( ! left knee ( ! troop] on 8 fight2 ! troop] on ! flank t[>d :i* ! oblique is made acts tempor>ily )\t special indication z direct+ guide 7,def47 ( ! squad4 ,! l9e dur+ ! oblique m>* %\ld be p>allel to its orig9al direction4 ,! lead] does n take position 9 front ( ! flank troop] dur+ ! oblique4 ,halt+ ! m\nt$ squad :ile at ! oblique %\ld be avoid$4 ,if ! squad has to be halt$ ?us1 ! troop]s ^u halt+ turn _! horses to ! orig9al front 9 s f> z practicable4 ,to resume ! orig9al direction by simil> means1 ! comm&s are3 #a4 ,=w>d1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,9 execut+ ! oblique by troop]1 dism\nt$1 ea* troop] pres]ves 8 relative position1 keep+ 8 %\ld]s p>allel to ^? ( ! direct+ guide & s regulat+ 8 /ep t ! rank may rema9 p>allel to its orig9al front4 ,9 resum+ ! orig9al direction1 ! troop]s half face to ! left 9 m>*+1 !n move /raight to ! front4 ,if at half /ep or m>k "t :ile obliqu+1 ! oblique m>* is resum$ by ! comm&s3 #a ,oblique1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,%\ld ! halt be comm&$ :ile ! squad is obliqu+1 ! troop]s halt fac$ to ! front 7fig4 #cb74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch1 p>4 #che4 #chf4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 to turn to ! "r or left3 #a4 ,"r 7left7 turn1 #b4 ,,m>*2 #c4 ,=w>d1 #d4 ,,m>*2 or #c4 ,squad1 #d4 ,,halt4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! movem5t is expla9$ 9 p>4 #cbi-;a4 ,! =m ( ! ?ird & f\r? comm&s is det]m9$ by :e!r ! turn is to t]m9ate ) ! advance 9 l9e or ) ! halt4 ,9 ! turn ! squad is l$ by its lead] 7p>4 #cfg7 ?r\gh a *ange ( direction ( #ij4 ,! lead] 7&1 !re=e1 ! guide7 are re/rict$ n only to ?is p>ticul> *ange ( direction b also to a p>ticul> arc or pa? dur+ ! turn 7p>4 #chg74 ,!re is no special arm signal = ! turn z su*2 b1 z ! turn is a *ange ( direction1 ! signal = ! latt] movem5t is applicable4 ,! signal = ! *ange ( direction does n 9 itself indicate ! degree ( ! turn1 b ! lead]'s subsequ5t signal =w>d or halt indicates :5 ! *ange ( direction is to cease4 ,9 ! turn1 z 9 any case ( ! m>* 9 l9e1 ! lead]1 subject to ! re/rictions j indicat$1 regulates ! direction & gait ( m>*1 ! guide con=ms to ! movem5ts ( ! lead]1 & all ! o!r troop]s regulate _! alignm5t & int]val on ! guide4 ,! rate ( m>* ( ! lead] & ! guide %\ld n be s rapid z to make x impracticable = ! troop]s on ! m>*+ flank ( ! squad to pres]ve _! alignm5t on ! guide dur+ ! turn4 ,! guide moves 9 ! trace ( ! lead] dur+ ! turn1 z well z be=e & aft] ! turn4 ,:5 ! turn is execut$ by ! m>*+ squad ! lead] gives ! comm& aft] he has begun to *ange direction & at ! mom5t :5 ! guide arrives at ! po9t :]e ! lead] /raight5$ 8 horse 9 ! new direction 7p>4 #dga74 ,:5 execut$ f a halt ! second comm& c n be giv5 z above indicat$4 ,! lead] 9 t case beg9s to turn at ! comm& ( execution1 :ile ! guide1 in/ead ( beg9n+ ! actual turn at once1 moves =w>d s z to move1 dur+ ! turn1 9 ! trace ( ! lead] 7p>4 #cfg74 ,9 execut+ ! turn dism\nt$ ! lead] s regulates ! l5g? ( /ep ( ! guide t ! troop] on ! m>*+ flank c keep ! regul> /ep correspond+ to ! gait at :i* ! turn is made4 ,! o!r troop]s l5g!n or %ort5 ! /ep accord+ly1 ma9ta9+ ! cad5ce & _! alignm5t & int]val ) respect to ! guide4 ,if ! turn be t]m9at$ by ! comm&s3 #c4 ,=w>d1 #d4 ,,m>*1 all ! troop]s resume ! regul> /ep at ! f\r? comm&4 #chg4 ,9 execut+ ! turn 9 a squad or platoon1 ! lead]1 foll[$ by ! guide1 s turns on ! arc ( a circle t ! pivot troop]1 9 con=m+ to ! guide's movem5ts1 m>*es on ! arc ( a circle ^: radius v>ies ) ! gait ( ! guide1 ?is radius be+ #b y>ds at a walk1 #d y>ds at a trot1 & #f y>ds at a gallop4 ,:5 ! turn is execut$ dism\nt$ ! correspond+ radius1 9 ei!r quick or d\ble "t1 is #a y>d4 #chh4 ,at ! comm&3 #a4 ,"r 7left7 half turn1 #b4 ,,m>*2 #c4 ,=w>d1 #d4 ,,m>*2 or #c4 ,squad1 #d4 ,,halt1 a *ange ( direction ( #de may be made 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples expla9$ 9 p>s4 #chf & #chg4 ,! arm signal = ! half turn foll[s ! rule indicat$ = ! full turn 7p>4 #chf74 #chi4 ,9 all movem5ts 9 ^! regulations 9 ! c\rse ( :i* f\rs1 twos1 or troop]s execute a turn or half turn ?is la/ movem5t is made by ea* elem5t 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples expla9$ 9 p>s4 #chf & #chg1 except t ! comm&s #c4 ,=w>d1 #d4 ,,m>*1 are omitt$ & ea* elem5t cont9ues ! m>* 9 ! new direction1 ^u completion ( ! turn1 unless ! comm&s3 #c4 ,squad1 #d4 ,,halt1 are giv54 ,! guide ( a f\r 9 ! turn is always ,no4 #b2 ! guide ( a two ! "r troop]4 #cij4 ,:]e only a slight *ange 9 ! direction ( m>* is desir$2 x is habitually accompli%$ by lead+ )\t any special comm& or signal !re=4 ,! lead] may caution3 ,,incl9e ,,to ,,! ,,"r 7,,left74 ,! execution ( ?is movem5t1 l t ( ! turn1 is a special case ( lead+ appli$ to ! m>* 9 l9e4 ,! lead] slightly alt]s ! direction ( m>*1 ! guide con=ms to ! lead]'s movem5ts1 & ! o!r troop]s con=m to ! movem5ts ( ! guide4 #cia4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 to =m column ( f\rs to a flank3 #a4 ,f\rs "r 7left71 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! f\rs move simultane\sly1 ea* execut+ "r turn & tak+ up ! m>* 9 ! new direction 7p>4 #chi74 ,no4 #b ( ! f\r on ! flank t[>d :i* ! movem5t is execut$ is ! guide ^u :om ! o!r ,nos4 #b regulate dur+ ! movem5t 7p>4 #cbf71 z well z ! guide ( ! result+ column 7p>4 #cgd74 ,! lead] promptly takes position 9 front ( ! guide 7p>4 #cbe74 ,gaits are regulat$ z 9 p>4 #ccg-;d4 ,! movem5t dism\nt$ is execut$ on ! same pr9ciples except t ,no4 #b ( ea* f\r regulates 8 /ep & pa? z indicat$ = ! dism\nt$ turn 7p>s4 #chf1 #chg74 7,fig4 #cc47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci1 p>4 #cia4 #cib4 ,column ( twos is n =m$ directly to a flank f l9e4 ,column ( twos may be =m$ to ! front z expla9$ 9 p>s4 #cic & #djc1 & ! head ( ! column be at once m>*$ 9 any desir$ direction4 ,! same pr9ciple regulates ! =mation ( column ( troop]s to a flank4 #cic4 ,be+ 9 column ( f\rs1 to =m column ( twos or troop]s3 7a7 ,to =m column ( twos3 #a4 ,"r 7left7 by twos1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! "r two ( ! lead+ f\r is ! base4 ,! o!r twos ent] ! column successively1 ! "r two ( ea* f\r be+ foll[$ imm$iately by ! left two ( ! same f\r1 ! left two obliqu+ to ent] ! column 7p>4 #cca74 ,all di/ances are #d feet 7p>4 #cfh74 ,gaits are regulat$ z 9 movem5ts f l9e into column 7p>4 #ccg-;a1 c74 7b7 ,column ( troop]s is =m$ on ! same pr9ciples at ! comm&s3 #a4 ,"r 7left7 by troop]1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! "r troop] ( ! lead+ f\r is ! base4 ,column ( troop]s f column ( twos is =m$ by ! same comm&s z f column ( f\rs & 9 accordance ) ! same pr9ciples4 ,! movem5ts describ$ 9 ?is p>agraph are among ^? ref]r$ to 9 p>4 #dfh-;b4 #cid4 ,9 execut+ any movem5t by :i* a column2 ( twos or troop]s is =m$1 a f\r compos$ ( less ?an ?ree troop]s 7p>4 #cfh-;b7 acts tempor>ily z a two--on ! "r ( ! f\r if ! column ( twos is =m$ "r 9 front 7p>4 #cgj72 on ! left ( ! f\r if ! column ( twos is =m$ left 9 front4 ,:5 ! column ( f\rs is re-=m$ ! troop]s take _! prop] places 9 column z indicat$ 9 p>4 #cfh-;b4 #cie4 ,! squad 9 column ( f\rs1 twos1 or troop]s is m>*$ to ! front1 halt$1 m>*$ backw>d1 m>*$ 9 an oblique direction1 & m>*$ aga9 to ! orig9al front by ! same comm&s z ! squad 9 l9e1 ea* elem5t ( ! column con=m+ to ! pr9ciples indicat$ = ! squad 9 l9e 7p>s4 #cbi1 #cgd74 #cif4 ,be+ 9 column ( f\rs1 twos1 or troop]s1 to *ange direction4 ,! movem5t is execut$ z expla9$ 9 p>4 #cbi1 ! f\rs 7twos1 troop]s7 successively *ang+ on ! same gr\nd1 ! guide ( ea* elem5t mov+ 9 ! trace ( ! lead]4 ,9 *ang+ direction 9 column ( f\rs1 m\nt$1 ! guide ( ea* re> f\r slightly dim9i%es ! pace :5 #d feet f ! turn+ po9t1 correspond+ly increas+ ! pace dur+ ! actual *ange ( direction s z to h ! prop] di/ance ( #d feet f ! f\r next 9 front :5 ! turn is complet$4 ,?is provision does n apply to ! correspond+ dism\nt$ movem5t1 nor to ! column ( twos1 or troop]s4 ,to indicate1 = any column1 a *ange ( direction ( #ij or #de1 ! lead] may comm&1 respectively3 #a4 ,column1 "r 7left71 or #a4 ,column half "r 7left72 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! lead] may indicate a slight *ange ( direction by ! caution3 ,,incl9e ,,to ,,! ,,"r4 ,! dism\nt$ execution ( ! *ange ( direction con=ms 9 ea* elem5t ( ! column to ! modifications not$ 9 p>s4 #chf & #chg = ! execution ( ! turn dism\nt$4 ,! lead] regulates ! l5g? ( 8 own /ep accord+ly dur+ 8 actual *ange ( direction1 & ! guide ( ea* successive elem5t does ! same :5 he rea*es ! turn+ po9t4 #cig4 ,be+ 9 column ( f\rs1 twos1 or troop]s1 to =m l9e to ! front3 #a4 ,"r 7left7 front into l9e1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! lead+ elem5t 7f\r1 two1 or troop]7 ( ! column is ! base ( ! movem5t & moves =w>d4 ,ea* elem5t 9 re> ( ! base1 leaves ! column by a movem5t approximat+ a "r oblique & proce$s 7p>4 #cge7 to a place abrea/ ( ! lead+ elem5t1 ! elem5ts tak+ successively1 f left to "r 9 ! new l9e1 positions 9 ! same ord] z t 9 :i* !y previ\sly appe>$ f head to re> 9 ! column4 ,! guide ( ! lead+ elem5t1 :5 ! movem5t beg9s1 acts z direct+ guide 7,def47 ( ! squad f ! mom5t ! lead] />ts to 8 new position until he indicates ! guide ( ! new l9e 7p>s4 #cbf1 #cgc7 :5 all regulate on ! latt] guide4 ,gaits are regulat$ z 9 p>s4 #ccg-;a1 b4 7,fig4 #cd47 ,?is is "o ( ! movem5ts ref]r$ to 9 p>4 #dfh-;b4 ,9 ! dism\nt$ execution ( ! movem5t at quick "t ! lead] comm&s3 #a4 ,squad1 #b4 ,,halt1 z soon z ! lead+ elem5t has advanc$ to ! po9t :]e x is desir$ t ! l9e %all =m 7p>4 #cci-;a1 b1 c74 ,only ! lead+ 7base7 elem5t halts at ! comm&1 ea* re> elem5t halt+ z x arrives on ! l9e 7p>4 #ccg-;f74 ,if execut$ :ile m>*+ 9 d\ble "t1 ! lead] simil>ly comm&s3 #a4 ,quick "t1 #b4 ,,m>*1 ! r$uc$ gait be+ tak5 successively by ! elem5ts z !y rea* _! positions 7p>4 #ccg-;f74 ,if m>*+ 9 quick "t1 & d\ble "t be includ$ 9 ! comm&1 ! comm& = ! increas$ gait applies only to ! re> elem5ts 7p>4 #ccg-;f74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj1 p>4 #cig4 #cih4 ,to prev5t ! inv]sion ( twos or troop]s 9 _! respective f\rs ! squad 9 column ( twos or column ( troop]s %\ld =m l9e to ! left front :5 ! squad is "r 9 front 7p>4 #cgj71 & vice v]sa4 #cii4 ,be+ 9 column ( twos or troop]s1 to =m column ( f\rs3 #a4 ,column1 #b4 ,,m>*4 7,see ,def4 ,column47 ,! lead+ elem5t is ! base & foll[s ! lead]4 ,if 9 column ( twos ! re> two ( ! lead+ f\r obliques at a correspond+ly fa/] gait 7p>4 #cce7 & takes its prop] place abrea/ (1 & to ! "r or left (1 ! lead+ two ( t f\r1 s t ! troop]s ( ! f\r %all appe> f "r to left1 9 ! ord] ( _! respective numb]s4 ,all ! o!r twos take up a correspond+ly fa/] gait ?an ! lead+ two1 & ! f\rs =m successively f head to re> 9 ! column 9 ! mann] indicat$ above 7p>4 #cca74 ,! lead+ two ( ea* f\r1 o!r ?an ! lead+ f\r1 takes ! gait ( ! head ( ! column 7or halts7 :5 at #d feet f ! correspond+ two ( ! f\r next 9 front4 ,9 ea* f\r ! re> two beg9s to oblique z ! lead+ two ( t f\r approa*es ! position :]e x decreases ! gait 7or halts74 ,! lead] takes position 9 front ( ! guide ( ! column 7,no4 #b74 ,gaits are fur!r regulat$ z 9 movem5ts f column into l9e 7p>4 #ccg-;a1 b74 ,column ( f\rs1 f column ( troop]s is =m$ by ! same comm&s & 9 accordance ) ! same pr9ciples4 ,column ( twos f column ( troop]s is =m$ 9 a simil> mann] at ! comm&s3 #a4 ,column ( twos1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! column ( twos w be "r 9 front or left 9 front 7p>4 #cgj71 accord+ z ! column ( troop]s 0 "r 9 front or left 9 front prior to ! movem5t4 ,9 ! dism\nt$ execution ( ! above movem5ts 9 quick "t ! lead] habitually comm&s3 #a4 ,squad1 #b4 ,,halt1 imm$iately foll[+ ! comm& ( execution 7p>4 #cci-;b1 c74 ,only ! lead+ elem5t halts 7p>4 #cci-;f71 ea* ( ! re> elem5ts halt+ :5 x rea*es its prescrib$ position 9 ! column4 ,if execut$ 9 d\ble "t ! lead] simil>ly foll[s ! comm& ( execution by ! comm& = quick "t 7p>4 #cci-;b1 c71 :i* is successively tak5 by ! elem5ts1 z above4 ,if m>*+ 9 quick "t1 & d\ble "t be comm&$1 only ! re> elem5ts take ! increas$ gait1 ea* tak+ quick "t on arriv+ 9 its place4 7,fig4 #da47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da1 p>4 #cii4 #djj4 ,be+ 9 column ( f\rs1 twos1 or troop]s1 to =m l9e to a flank3 #a4 ,f\rs "r 7left71 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,ea*1 f\r turns to ! "r 7p>4 #chi74 ,ea* re> f\r regulates on ! lead+ f\r until ! f\rs unite 9 l9e 7p>4 #cbf71 :51 unless ! lead] halts ! squad1 all take up ! m>* 9 ! new direction )\t fur!r comm&1 regulat+ on ! new guide 7p>s4 #cbe1 #cgb74 ,if ! squad is to =m l9e )\t advanc+ 9 ! new direction1 ! lead] gives ! prep>atory indication = ! halt imm$iately foll[+ ! second comm&1 s z to add ! comm& halt z ! f\r unite 9 l9e4 ,9 an em]g5cy a simil> movem5t may be execut$ f columns ( twos at ! comm&s3 #a4 ,twos "r 7left71 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,loss ( ord] may result4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( o!r indication1 int]vals are clos$ t[>d ! guide 7p>4 #cgb74 ,a simil> movem5t execut$ f column ( troop]s results 9 a l9e ( =ag]s1 :i* may be assembl$ or ralli$ to =m l9e 7p>s4 #dad1 #daf74 ,gaits are regulat$ z 9 p>4 #ccg-;d4 7,fig4 #cf47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db1 p>4 #djj4 #dja4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 to face or m>* ! l9e to ! re>3 #a4 ,f\rs "r 7left7 ab\t1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,:5 ! movem5t is execut$ by signal ! elem5ts ( ! column always turn to ! left ab\t4 ,! oral comm& f\rs "r ab\t is n accompani$ by an arm signal4 ,ea* f\r turns #ahj degrees 9 ! direction indicat$ 7p>4 #chi74 ,! lead]1 pass+ ar\nd a flank ( ! squad1 promptly takes position 9 front ( ! guide s z to lead ! squad 9 ! new direction 7p>s4 #cbe1 #cgb74 ,to face to ! re>1 ! squad is halt$ z ! f\rs unite 9 l9e4 ,! modifications incid5t to ! execution ( ! dism\nt$ movem5t are indicat$ 9 p>4 #cia4 ,gaits are regulat$ z 9 p>4 #ccg-;d4 ,a dism\nt$ squad may also be m>*$ a %ort di/ance to ! re> by ! oral comm& & me?ods indicat$ 9 p>4 #hb4 #djb4 ,be+ 9 column ( f\rs1 twos1 or troop]s1 to face or m>* ! column to ! re>3 #a4 ,f\rs 7twos1 troop]s71 "r 7left7 ab\t1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! provision 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph reg>d+ ! execution ( ! movem5t by signal applies equally to ?is p>agraph4 ,ea* f\r 7two1 troop]7 turns #ahj degrees 9 ! direction indicat$ 7p>4 #chi74 ,! lead] promptly takes position 9 front ( ! guide ( ! column 7p>4 #cbe74 7,fig4 #cg47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc1 p>4 #djb4 #djc4 ,be+ 9 l9e to =m column ( f\rs1 twos1 or troop]s to ! front3 #a4 ,"r 7left7 by f\rs 7twos1 troop]s71 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! =mation is a successive "o4 ,! "r elem5t 7f\r1 two1 or troop]1 accord+ to ! comm&7 is ! base2 x moves =w>d & foll[s ! lead]1 becom+ ! lead+ elem5t ( ! column4 7a7 ,9 =m+ column ( f\rs ea* f\r to ! left ( ! base successively obliques to ! "r 7p>4 #che7 at ! gait ( ! base z soon z x has suffici5t space1 & resumes ! direct m>* s z to ent] ! column at #d feet di/ance4 ,to avoid los+ di/ance ! oblique mu/ be begun 9 ea* f\r :5 ! heads ( its horses are opposite ! cr\ps ( ! horses ( ! f\r on its "r4 ,gaits are regulat$ z 9 p>s4 #chg-;a1 c4 7,fig4 #dd47 7b7 ,9 =m+ column ( twos or troop]s only ! elem5ts ( ! "r f\r move 9 ! mann] indicat$ above4 ,ea* ( ! o!r elem5ts successively turns to ! "r 7p>4 #chi7 & !n1 aft] advanc+ 9 ! new direction1 turns to ! left s z to ent] ! column at #d feet di/ance 7p>4 #cca74 ,gaits are regulat$ z 9 p>s4 #ccg-;a1 c4 ,! movem5ts describ$ 9 7a7 & 7b7 are among ^? ref]r$ to 9 p>4 #dfh-;b4 7,fig4 #de47 7c7 ,"r 7left7 by f\rs is ord9>ily unsuit$ to execution 9 gr\ps ( any size4 ,%\ld x be necess>y to break to ! front f ! flank ( su* a unit1 column ( f\rs to ! front may be =m$ by execut+ f\rs "r 7left7 & !n *ang+ ! direction ( m>* ( ! head ( ! column4 ,! oral comm&s3 #a4 ,f\rs "r 7left71 column left 7"r71 #b4 ,,m>*1 & #a4 ,f\rs "r 7left71 column half left 7"r71 #b4 ,,m>*1 are au?oriz$ = ?is purpose4 ,gaits are regulat$ z 9 p>4 #ccg-;d4 7d7 ,= cases t are n suitably met by 7a7 or 7c7 ( ?is p>agraph ! comm&s3 #a4 ,"r 7left7 =w>d1 f\rs "r 7left71 #b4 ,,m>*1 are au?oriz$4 ,! "r f\r is ! base & moves =w>d foll[+ ! lead]1 :o promptly takes position 9 front ( ! guide ( ! column 7p>s4 #cbe1 #cgd74 ,! second f\r f ! "r />ts to move z 9 f\rs "r 7p>4 #cia71 its guide decreas+ ! pace until ! "r f\r has p>tly cle>$ ! second f\r1 :5 ! latt] f\r1 by a movem5t approximat+ an oblique1 ent]s ! column s z to foll[ 9 ! trace ( ! lead+ 7orig9al "r7 f\r at #d feet di/ance4 ,! o!r f\rs execute f\rs "r 7ea* slightly decreas+ ! pace dur+ ! turn71 & !n column left1 s z to foll[ ! second f\r at ! prop] di/ance4 ,! f\rs move simultane\sly &1 except z not$ above1 all at ! same gait 7p>4 #ccg-;d74 ,9 ! execution ( ! movem5t dism\nt$ ! "r f\r moves =w>d2 ! rema9d] ( ! squad executes f\rs "r1 column left1 & foll[s ! "r 7lead+7 f\r at #ib in*es di/ance4 ,! "r f\r takes f\r %ort /eps j aft] x1 cle>s ! f\r next on its left1 !n resumes ! full /ep4 7,fig4 #df47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd1 p>4 #djc 7a74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de1 p>4 #djc 7b74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df1 p>4 #djc 7d74 ,,ext5d$ ,,ord]4 #djd4 ,9 ext5d$-ord] drills ! troop]s habitually m>* at ease1 b keep on ! al]t s z promptly to con=m to ! indications ( ! lead] & ! movem5ts ( ! guide4 ,! rifles ( dism\nt$ troop]s 9 ext5d$ ord] are c>ri$ z 9 p>4 #fa4 #dje4 ,=ag]s may be =m$ :5 ! squad is 9 any au?oriz$ =mation 7p>4 #dfh7 or 9 disord]1 :5 x is mov+ at any gait or is halt$4 ,! ext5sion is effect$ t[>d ! direction ( m>*4 ,:5 possible ! deploym5t %\ld be made ^u gr\nd protect$ f ho/ile view & fire4 ,:atev] ! me?od employ$ = ! ext5sion1 ! lead] controls ! movem5ts ( ! base 7p>4 #cbc74 ,! o!r troop]s1 mov+ at a gallop1 =m =ag]s 9 accordance ) ! me?ods indicat$4 ,! squad1 deploy$ z =ag]s1 is m>*$ to ! front & halt$1 obliques1 resumes ! orig9al direction1 executes *anges 9 gait & *anges ( direction1 by ! comm&s & me?ods prescrib$ = ! squad 9 l9e4 #djf4 ,! appropriate sub/itution ( skirmi%]s = =ag]s1 is made 9 ! comm&s = movem5ts 9 ext5d$ ord]1 dism\nt$ 7p>4 #cfh-;c74 ,! skirmi%]s move at a run to _! positions on ! l9e ( =ag]s4 #djg4 ,a great] or less int]val ?an #c y>ds betwe5 =ag]s may be ord]$1 ! words at 7s _m7 y>ds be+ add$ to ! prep>atory comm& s z imm$iately to foll[ ! ^w =ag]s or skirmi%]s4 #djh4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 to =m =ag]s3 #a4 ,=ag]s1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! guide cont9ues to be ! base & advances 7p>4 #dje7 at ! gait ( m>* unless ! lead] indicates o!rwise 7p>s4 #ccg-;f1 #dje74 ,! troop]s to ! "r ( ! guide move at a gallop obliquely to ! "r front2 ^? to ! left obliquely to ! left front4 ,! troop]s take position abrea/ ( ! base 9 ! same ord] z 9 l9e & at int]vals ( #c y>ds measur$ f ! side ( ! base4 ,%\ld ! "r troop] be ! guide1 all oblique to ! left2 %\ld ! left troop] be ! guide1 all oblique to ! "r4 ,9 ! execution ( ! correspond+ dism\nt$ movem5t 7comm&s3 #a4 ,skirmi%]s1 #b4 ,,m>*--p>4 #djf7 ! troop]s move to _! places at a run1 tak+ int]vals ( "o-half pace1 unless "s o!r int]val be indicat$ 7p>s4 #cfh-;e1 #djg47 7,fig4 #cg47 #dji4 ,be+ 9 column ( f\rs1 twos1 or troop]s1 to =m =ag]s3 #a4 ,"r 7left7 front into =ag]s1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! left troop] ( ! lead+ elem5t ( ! column z ! base ( ! deploym5t advances at ! gait ( m>* 7p>4 #ccg-;a7 unless ! lead] indicates o!rwise 7p>s4 #ccg-;f1 #dje71 ! o!r troop]s ( ! lead+ elem5t deploy+ z indicat$ 9 p>4 #djh4 ,! rema9+ troop]s move obliquely to ! "r front at a gallop & ext5d ! l9e 9 simil>1 mann]1 ! ord] ( ! successive elem5ts be+ ! same1 f left to "r 9 l9e1 z x =m]ly 0 f head to re> 9 ! column4 ,! possibility ( ! inv]sion ( troop]s 9 ! f\rs z a result ( =m+ =ag]s f column ( twos or troop]s %\ld be kept 9 m9d4 ,no su* inv]sion c occur 9 movem5ts execut$ f column ( f\rs4 ,! movem5t describ$ 9 ?is p>agraph is "o ( ^? ref]r$ to 9 p>4 #dfh-;b4 7,fig4 #da47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg1 p>4 #dji4 #daj4 ,be+ 9 disord]1 to =m =ag]s3 ,=ag]s may be =m$ f any condition ( disp]sion or disord] by me?ods simil> to ^? indicat$ 9 p>s4 #djh & #dji4 ,at ! comm&3 #a4 ,=ag]s1 #b4 ,,m>*1 ! troop]s ne>e/ ! lead] ride t[>d him at a gallop4 ,! lead] indicates ! guide 7p>4 #cgc71 :o foll[s ! lead]2 ! o!r troop]s1 mov+ at a gallop1 take position1 ) ! prop] int]val1 on ! "r & left ( ! guide1 )\t reg>d to ord]4 ,l9e ( =ag]s f a condition ( disord] may also be =m$ by fir/ rally+ ! squad 7p>4 #daf7 & !n =m+ =ag]s4 ,dism\nt$1 skirmi%]s may simil>ly be =m$4 #daa4 ,be+ deploy$ z =ag]s1 to m>* to a flank3 #a4 ,by ! "r 7left7 flank1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,ea* troop] turns #ij to ! "r & m>*es 9 ! new direction 7p>4 #chi74 ,a column ( troop]s at #d feet di/ance results4 ,! l9e ( =ag]s may be resum$ by aga9 m>*+ to ! flank by ! use ( correspond+ comm&s & me?ods4 ,gaits are regulat$ z 9 p>4 #ccg-;d4 ,dism\nt$1 ea* troop] moves z 9 p>4 #ha4 ,if at a halt1 ! movem5t ( ! =ag]s by ! flank is execut$ by ! same comm&s z :5 m>*+4 #dab4 ,be+ deploy$ z =ag]s1 to m>* to ! re>3 #a4 ,to ! re>1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,ea* troop] executes an ab\t to ! left 7p>s4 #chi1 #dhf74 ,to m>* aga9 to ! front ! comm&s3 #a4 ,=w>d1 #b4 ,,m>*1 are giv54 ,ea* troop] executes ano!r ab\t to ! left4 ,if a l9e ( =ag]s be halt$ :ile m>*+ to ! re>1 ea* troop] turns to ! left ab\t & halts1 fac$ to ! front 7p>4 #dgd74 ,gaits are regulat$ z 9 p>4 #ccg-;d4 ,dism\nt$1 ea* troop] executes to ! re> 7p>4 #hb74 ,if at a halt1 ! movem5t ( ! =ag]s to ! re> is execut$ by ! same comm&s z :5 m>*+4 #dac4 ,! squad may be ext5d$ 9 dep? z well z 9 front4 ,! comm&s are3 #a4 ,f\rs 7twos1 or troop]s7 at s _m y>ds di/ance1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,?is movem5t may be us$ to cross a fire-swept area :5 su* a c\rse is necess>y4 ,! lead] indicates ! po9t :]e ! squad is to be reassembl$4 ,! f\rs 7twos or troop]s7 move out successively f head to re> 9 column or "r to left 9 l9e4 ,ea* elem5t may ext5d lat]ally on its guide4 ,! gait is ! gallop4 #dad4 ,be+ deploy$ z =ag]s & 9 ord] 7p>4 #dgj7 to assemble3 #a4 ,assemble1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! guide advances & foll[s ! lead]4 ,! o!r troop]s close 9 on ! guide & =m 9 l9e ^u him 9 ! same relative ord] 9 :i* !y 7 at ! mom5t ! assembly 0 comm&$4 ,! lead] halts ! guide at any "t if x is desir$ to assemble )\t ga9+ fur!r gr\nd 9 ! direction ( m>*4 ,! lead]1 by mov+ 9 any desir$ direction1 may regulate ! direction t[>d :i* ! assembly is execut$4 ,gaits are regulat$ z 9 p>4 #ccg-;e1 ! elem5ts o!r ?an ! base tak+ a correspond+ly fa/] gait4 ,! assembly 9 ea* unit is expla9$ = t unit 7p>4 #dfh-;b74 ,! lead] may1 by prior designation ( any troop] 7e4g41 a flank troop]7 z guide 7p>4 #cgc71 cause ! assembly to be execut$ on t troop] by ! comm&s & me?ods j indicat$4 ,! troop]s always />t to assemble 9 l9e1 b :5 an assembly 9 column is desir$ x may virtually be accompli%$1 by ! lead]'s designation ( a flank troop] z ! guide be=e ord]+ ! assembly & caution+3 ,,column z soon z ! assembly beg9s4 ,! f\rs1 z !y successively assemble t[>d ! base1 !n take _! places 9 column ( f\rs in/ead ( 9 l9e2 ! lead] takes po/ 9 front ( ,no4 #b 7p>4 #cbe74 ,if !re be n space to advance 9 column ( f\rs1 ! assembly 9 column ( twos or troop]s may be accompli%$ by correspond+ comm&s & me?ods4 ,! squad executes assemble only :5 deploy$ z =ag]s & 9 ord]4 ,"u o!r conditions ! rally 7p>4 #daf71 foll[$1 by c\nt f\rs1 m easily accompli%es ! purposes ( ! assembly 7,def474 ,9 execut+ ! assembly dism\nt$ ! troop]s close 9 on ! guide 9 d\ble "t )\t special comm& if ! guide & lead] cont9ue to advance 7p>4 #cci-;g72 o!rwise !y close 9 at quick "t unless d\ble "t be comm&$ 7p>4 #cci-;b74 7,fig4 #db47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh1 p>4 #dad4 #dae4 ,if to ! re> 7p>4 #dab7 be execut$ by ! squad1 a tempor>y loss ( ord] occurs4 ,if x be desir$ to pass to close ord] )\t resum+ ! m>* to ! front & assembl+ 7p>4 #dad71 ! squad may rally 7p>4 #daf7 & c\nt f\rs4 #daf4 ,be+ 9 any =mation1 or n =m$1 or 9 disord]1 to rally2 ,,rally4 ,:5 ! rally is ord]$ ! signal is habitually accompani$ by ! oral comm&1 bo? ! signal & ! oral comm&1 be+ repeat$ until und]/ood & obey$4 ,! signal is obey$ at once1 !re be+ no prep>atory comm& = ?is movem5t4 ,! lead] takes position at any po9t or moves 9 any desir$ direction1 & at any gait t w p]mit ! movem5t to be execut$4 ,! troop]s ride t[>d ! lead] at an ext5d$ gallop &1 9 ! abs5ce ( o!r indication1 =m 9 re> ( ! lead] 9 l9e4 ,! lead] promptly designates ! guide 7p>s4 #cga1 #cgc71 :o foll[s ! lead]4 ,! o!r troop]s =m1 z !y come up1 on ! "r & left ( ! guide ext5d+ ! l9e4 ,! lead] may caution3 ,,column1 z ! lead+ troop]s approa*4 ,! troop]s !n =m 9 column ( f\rs in/ead ( 9 l9e4 ,! lead+ elem5t =ms fir/2 ! o!r troop]s1 z !y arrive1 successively =m f\rs1 ext5d+ ! column to ! re>4 ,! lead] designates ! guide 7p>s4 #cgc1 #cgd7 & cautions3 ,,note ,,y\r ,,numb]s4 ,! rally 9 column is exceptional & is int5d$ = use only on occasions :5 a n>r[ road or o!r circum/ances ( ! t]ra9 prev5t ! rally 9 l9e4 ,%\ld ! r\te along :i* ! lead] is mov+ :5 ! rally is ord]$ be too n>r[ to p]mit ! =mation ( column ( f\rs1 ! lead] may caution3 ,,column ,,( ,,twos 7,,column ,,( ,,troop]s7 z ! lead+ troop]s approa*4 ,! movem5t is execut$ z expla9$ = ! rally 9 column ( f\rs4 ,f\rs %\ld be c\nt$ at once4 ,! rally 9 columns ( twos or troop]s is to be reg>d$ z v exceptional4 ,! squad be+ ralli$ 9 l9e1 ?\gh ord9>ily n 9 ord] until f\rs are c\nt$ 7p>4 #dgj71 is available at once to *>ge or to execute any movem5t t does n involve a k ( _! respective numb]s on ! "p ( ! individual troop]s4 ,unless ! *>ge is to be execut$ at once1 f\rs %\ld be c\nt$ )\t delay aft] rally+1 s t ! squad1 may be 9 ord] & ready to execute any movem5ts :atev] t conditions may dem&4 ,! rally dism\nt$1 is always execut$ at a run4 7,fig4 #di47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di1 p>4 #daf4 ,,! ,,m\nt$ ,,attack4 #dag4 ,! m\nt$ attack is made ) ! pi/ol or sab] 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples indicat$ 9 p>s4 #efb-efe4 ,! typical sab] *>ge is execut$ 9 l9e4 ,"u "s circum/ances1 z 9 ! attack ( a disp]s$ enemy1 etc41 a sab] *>ge may be made by troop]s deploy$ z =ag]s4 ,! pi/ol attack is usually made 9 =ag]s4 ,9 exceptional circum/ances 7z 9 break+ out f an ambu%1 attack+ 9 a n>r[ road1 etc47 x may be made 9 l9e or 9 column ( f\rs1 twos1 or troop]s4 #dah4 ,cohesion 9 ! l9e & vigor 9 ! %ock are ess5tial to ! success ( ! sab] *>ge4 ,high spe$ is necess>y = ! desir$ %ock2 & 9 ! sab] *>ge1 z execut$ 9 combat1 ! horses are1 at ! culm9ation ( ! *>ge1 habitually turn$ loose & urg$ to ! highe/ spe$4 ,?is1 except ) m5 & horses t are highly tra9$1 necess>ily involves loss ( control ov] ! horse on ! "p ( ! troop]4 ,! sab] *>ge1 execut$ ) poorly tra9$ horsem51 especially if on imp]fectly tra9$ or excitable h\se's1 is apt to be futile z reg>ds ! in/ruction ( ! troop] & to result 9 m or less p]man5t loss ( control ov] ! horses4 ,control ( ! m\nt by ! troop] is ess5tial dur+ ! execution ( ! pi/ol attack 7ord9>ily made 9 l9e ( =ag]s71 & is1 ( c\rse1 necess>y dur+ m>* & maneuv]4 ,= ^! reasons x is consid]$ advisable t ! fir/ in/ruction ( ! recruit 9 ! actual sab] *>ge be def]r$ until aft] platoon in/ruction & t x be giv5 !n only aft] ! troop comm&] is satisfi$ t ! recruit's progress 9 horseman%ip & 9 ! use ( 8 weapon has advanc$ to a po9t :5 ! ex]cise w be ( value4 #dai4 ,! "w 9 ! squad1 ) a view to prep>+ ! recruit = ! m\nt$ attack ) ! sab] & pi/ol1 w !re=e be limit$ to ^? ex]cises 9 :i* ! horse is controll$4 ,x %\ld consi/1 9 sub/ance1 ( an ext5sion to collective "w ( ! individual in/ruction describ$ 9 p>4 #big1 & %\ld include occasional practice 9 advanc+ z rapidly z c be done :ile ma9ta9+ a close =mation & control ( ! m\nt4 ,! increase 9 spe$ %\ld be made quietly & progressively1 be cont9u$ b a %ort di/ance1 & inv>iably be t]m9at$ by ! quiet resum+ ( a sl[ gait4 ,z ! recruit gets m skill & confid5ce ! ex]cise w be conduct$ ) sab]s drawn1 ! troop]s tak+ ! *>g+ position 7p>4 #bea7 :5 ! in/ructor does s & return+ to ! c>ry ) him4 ,simil> ex]cises w be conduct$ ) ! pi/ol1 ) especial att5tion to direct+ ! horses ?r\gh l9es ( silh\ette t>gets & to draw+1 return+1 & manipulat+ ! pi/ol4 ,! ex]cises ) ! pi/ol w usually be conduct$ 9 =ag]s & may be ext5d$ to include ! actual execution ( ! pi/ol attack z describ$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,platoon4 ,9 campaign any small gr\p executes ! m\nt$ attack z expla9$ = ! platoon4 #dbj4 ,9 combat ( e k9d skill on ! "p ( ! individual troop] 9 ! use ( ! weapon or weapons employ$ is ess5tial4 ,s important is ?is "p ( ! tra9+ t :]e "t = ! tra9+ ( ! troop]s is limit$ all b ! mo/ ess5tial portions ( close-ord] drill %\ld be def]r$ or omitt$ 9 ord] t ! tra9+ ( ! troop] 9 ! use ( 8 weapons may be ?or\gh & effici5t4 ,section #h4 ,t5t pit*+4 ,,to ,,pit* ,,all ,,types ,,( ,,army ,,t5ts1 ,,except ,,%elt] ,,& ,,conical ,,wall ,,t5ts4 ,to pit* all types ( ,army t5ts1 except %elt] & conical wall t5ts3 ,m>k l9e ( t5ts by driv+1 a wall p9 on ! spot to be occupi$ by ! "r 7or left7 corn] ( ea* t5t4 ,= pyramidal t5ts ! int]val betwe5 adjac5t p9s %\ld be ab\t #cj feet1 :i* w give a passage ( #b feet betwe5 t5ts4 ,spread tripod on ! gr\nd :]e ! c5t] ( t5t is to be1 if tripod is us$4 ,spread ! t5t on ! gr\nd to be occupi$1 door to ! front1 & place ! "r 7or left7 front wall loop ov] ! p94 ,! door 7or doors1 if m ?an "o7 be+ fa/5$ & held toge!r at ! bottom1 ! left 7or "r7 corn] wall loop is c>ri$ to ! left 7or "r7 z f> z x w g & a wall p9 driv5 ?r\gh x1 ! p9 be+ plac$ 9 l9e ) ! "r 7or left7 corn] p9s already driv54 ,at ! same "t ! re> corn] wall loops are pull$ to ! re> & outw>d s t ! re> wall ( ! t5t is /ret*$ to complete ! rectangle4 ,wall p9s are !n driv5 ?r\gh ^! loops4 ,ea* corn] p9 %\ld be directly 9 re> ( ! correspond+ front corn] p91 mak+ a rectangle4 ,unless ! canvas be wet1 a small am\nt ( slack %\ld be all[$ be=e ! corn] p9s are driv54 ,accord+ to ! size ( ! t5t1 "o or two m51 crawl+ "u ! t5t if necess>y1 fit ea* pole or ridge or upright into ! r+ or ridge-pole holes1 & su* accessories z hood1 fly1 & brace ropes are adju/$4 ,if a tripod be us$ an additional man w g "u ! t5t to adju/ x4 ,! t5t1 /eadi$ by ! rema9+ m51 "o at ea* corn] guy rope1 w !n be rais$4 ,if ! t5t is a w>d or /orage type1 corn] poles w n[ be plac$ at ! f\r corn]s4 ,! f\r corn] guy ropes are !n plac$ ov] ! l[] not*es ( ! l>ge p9s driv5 9 prolongation ( ! diagonals at su* di/ance z to hold ! walls & ends ( ! t5t v]tical & smoo? :5 ! guy ropes are drawn taut4 ,a wall p9 is !n driv5 ?r\gh ea* rema9+ wall loop & a l>ge p9 = ea* guy rope is driv5 9 l9e ) ! corn] guy p9s already driv54 ,! guy ropes ( ! t5t are plac$ ov] ! l[] not*es1 :ile ! guy ropes ( ! fly are plac$ ov] ! upp] not*es1 & are !n drawn taut4 ,brace ropes1 :5 us$1 are !n secur$ to /akes or p9s suitably plac$4 ,,conical ,,wall ,,t5t4 ,drive ! door p9 & c5t] p9 #h feet #c in*es ap>t4 ,us+ ! hood l9es1 ) c5t] p9 z c5t]1 describe two conc5tric circles ) radii #h feet #c in*es & #aa feet #c in*es4 ,9 ! out] circle drive two door guy p9s #c feet ap>t4 ,at int]vals ( ab\t #c feet drive ! o!r guy p9s4 ,9 o!r respects conical t5ts are erect$ practically z 9 ! case ( pyramidal t5ts4 ,,to ,,/rike ,,common1 ,,wall1 ,,pyramidal1 ,,& ,,conical ,,wall ,,t5ts4 ,,/rike ,,t5ts4 ,! m5 fir/ remove all p9s except ^? ( ! f\r corn] guy ropes1 or ! f\r quadrant guy ropes 9 ! case ( ! conical wall t5t4 ,! p9s are neatly pil$ or plac$ 9 _! receptacle4 ,"o man holds ea* guy1 & :5 ! gr\nd is cle> ! t5t is l[]$1 fold$1 or roll$ & ti$1 ! poles or tripod & pole fa/5$ toge!r1 & ! rema9+ p9s collect$4 ,,to ,,fold ,,t5ts4 ,= fold+ common1 wall1 hospital1 & /orage t5ts3 ,spread ! t5t flat on ! gr\nd1 fold$ at ! ridge s t bottoms ( side walls are ev51 ends ( t5t =m+ triangles to ! "r & left2 fold ! triangul> ends ( ! t5t 9 t[>d ! middle1 mak+ x rectangul> 9 %ape2 fold ! top ov] ab\t #i in*es2 fold ! t5t 9 two by c>ry+ ! top fold ov] cle> to ! foot2 fold aga9 9 two f ! top to ! foot2 ?r[ all guys on t5t except ! second f ea* end2 fold ! ends 9 s z to cov] ab\t two-?irds ( ! second clo?s2 fold ! left end ov] to meet ! turn$-9 edge ( ! "r end1 !n fold ! "r end ov] ! top1 complet+ ! bundle2 tie ) ! two expos$ guys4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,fold+ ,,pyramidal ,,t5t4 ,! t5t is ?r[n t[>d ! re> & ! back wall & ro( canvas pull$ out smoo?4 ,?is may be mo/ easily accompli%$ by leav+ ! re>-corn] wall p9s1 9 ! gr\nd ) ! wall loops atta*$1 "o man at ea* re>-corn] guy1 & "o hold+ ! squ>e iron 9 a p]p5dicul> position & pull+ ! canvas to its limit away f ! =m] front ( ! t5t4 ,?is leaves ! ?ree rema9+ sides ( ! t5t on top ( ! re> side1 ) ! door side 9 ! middle4 ,n[ c>ry ! "r-front corn] ov] & lay x on ! left-re> corn]4 ,pull all canvas smoo?1 ?r[ guys t[>d squ>e iron1 & pull bottom edges ev54 ,!n take ! "r-front corn] & return to ! "r1 cov]+ ! "r-re> corn]4 ,?is folds ! "r side ( ! t5t on itself1 ) ! crease 9 ! middle & "u ! front side ( t5t4 ,next c>ry ! left-front corn] to ! "r & back z describ$1 above2 ?is :5 complet$ w leave ! front & re> sides ( ! t5t ly+ smoo? & flat & ! two side walls fold$ inw>d1 ea* on itself4 ,place ! hood 9 ! squ>e iron :i* has be5 fold$ d[nw>d t[>d ! bottom ( ! t5t1 & cont9ue to fold ar\nd ! squ>e iron z a core1 press+ all folds d[n flat & smoo? & p>allel ) ! bottom ( ! t5t4 ,if ea* fold is compactly made & ! canvas kept smoo?1 ! la/ fold w exactly cov] ! l[] edge ( ! canvas4 ,lay all expos$ guys along ! fold$ canvas except ! two on ! c5t] wid?1 :i* %\ld be pull$ out & away f bottom edge to _! extreme l5g? = ty+4 ,n[1 beg9n+ at "o end1 fold t[>d ! c5t] on ! fir/ seam 7t jo9+ ! fir/ & second wid?s7 & fold aga9 t[>d ! c5t]1 s t ! already fold$ canvas w come to )9 ab\t #c in*es ( ! middle wid?4 ,!n fold ov] to ! opposite edge ( middle wid? ( canvas4 ,!n beg9 fold+ f opposite end1 fold+ ! fir/ wid? 9 half1 !n mak+ a second fold to come )9 ab\t #d or #e in*es ( t already fold$2 turn ?is fold entirely ov] t already fold$4 ,take ! expos$ guys & draw !m taut across ea* o!r1 turn bundle ov] on ! "u guy1 cross guys on top ( bundle1 draw+ tight4 ,turn bundle ov] on ! cross$ guys & tie l5g?wise4 ,:5 prop]ly ti$ & press$ toge!r ?is w make a package #aa by #bc by #cd in*es1 requir+ ab\t #h1hee cubic in*es to /ore or pack4 ,/5cil ! organization designation on ! l[] half ( ! middle wid? ( canvas 9 ! back wall4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,field ,,s]vice4 ,section #a4 ,pr9ciples ( tra9+4 ,inaction gives e advantage to ! enemy4 ,! (f5sive alone gives decisive results4 ,a quick & en]getic (f5sive m9imizes losses4 ,an advance aga9/ ! enemy's position once ent]$ ^u mu/ be cont9u$4 ,to g back "u fire is to die4 ,! be/ way to hold d[n ! fire ( ! enemy & to dim9i% 8 p[] to inflict losses is to br+ ! position he occupies "u well-conduct$ & cont9u$ fire4 ,pres5t z small a t>get z possible to ! enemy by utiliz+ e bit ( cov] ! gr\nd af=ds4 ,individual skill 9 m>ksman%ip is an advantage 9 battle only :5 unit$ ) fire discipl9e & control4 ,con/ant movem5t to ! front less5s ! effect ( ! enemy's fire4 ,mod]n battles f\ght 9 ! op5 %[ t ! heavie/ losses are 9 ! mid & long ranges4 ,:5 close range is rea*$ ! losses dim9i% rapidly4 ,! be/ protection aga9/ artill]y fire is a con/ant b irregul> movem5t to ! front4 ,:5 close to ! enemy's position 8 fire is lea/ effective4 ,a k ( h[ to use ! bayonet & ! w to use x mu/ (t5 be ! decid+ factors 9 battle4 ,f9ally3 ,9 tra9+ we c n g f> wrong or fail to accompli% ! be/ results if we keep be=e our m9ds ! _s z well z ! word+ ( p>agraph #ceb ( ! ,infantry ,drill ,regulations3 ,! duties ( infantry are _m & difficult4 ,all infantry mu/ be fit to cope ) all conditions t may arise4 ,mod]n w> requires b "o k9d ( infantry--good infantry4 ,cavalry1 dism\nt$1 %\ld be z effici5t z infantry "u all conditions ( s]vice4 ,section #b4 ,combat4 ,! field ( battle is ! f9al te/ ( ! in/ruction1 discipl9e1 & effici5cy ( ! fight+ =ce ( any army4 ,! squadron is ! attack unit or ! def5se unit1 :e!r op]at+ alone or z "p ( a regim5t4 ,! troops con/itute ! fir+ l9e & ! support4 ,an individual soldi] is conc]n$ only ) ! enemy 9 8 imm$iate front1 9 obey+ ord]s1 & in/9ctively do+ :at he has be5 tra9$ to d4 ,! "o requisite necess>y to w9 ! battle is intellig5t team "w4 ,! army is h&l$ j l a football team4 ,a "p is on ! fir/ l9e fac+ ! enemy4 ,ano!r "p1 l ! half backs1 is held back z supports4 ,ano!r "p1 l ! full backs1 is held z a res]ve4 ,ea* unit1 l ea* play]1 has a c]ta9 duty to p]=m4 ,:5 ! signal is giv51 all "w toge!r--all play ! game--team "w4 ,! play]s consi/ ( all bran*es ( ! s]vice4 ,! same rule holds true d[n to ! smalle/ unit & ev5 to ! individual enli/$ man4 ,ea* regim5t1 is a team compos$ ( ?ree play]s--ea* a squadron4 ,ea* squadron is a team ( f\r play]s--ea* a troop4 ,9 ! same mann] ea* troop is a team ( two or m platoons2 ea* platoon a team ( two sections2 & la/1 b n lea/1 ea* section is a team ( f #f to #ad play]s4 ,! "o "q t always pres5ts itself on ! battle field e m9ute ( ! "t to e p]son1 :e!r he be a g5]al or a private1 is1 ,:at play has my team capta9 ord]$1 & h[ be/ may ,i act s z to "w 9 conjunction ) ! o!r play]s to br+ ab\t ! desir$ result8--team play4 ,to ! troop] ?is means-- ,fir/4 ,prompt & loyal ob$i5ce to ! section lead]4 ,e section always has a team capta94 ,if ! section lead] & corporal are kill$ or disabl$1 o!r play]s previ\sly designat$ take _! places4 ,if no "o 0 designat$1 !n ! private ) ! longe/ s]vice takes comm&4 ,:5 ! section lead] gives ! comm& = a c]ta9 play1 don't /op to ?9k if ! play is a good "o1 b d y\r v be/ to c>ry out ! play z ord]$4 ,a poor play 9 :i* e play] ent]s ) 8 :ole he>t 7team "w7 w (t5 w91 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! be/ play 9 :i* "s ( ! play]s are skulk]s & %irk]s w probably fail4 ,second4 ,nev] lose t\* ) y\r section4 ,e individual1 z well z e unit1 %\ld always be act+ "u ! control ( "s high] comm&]4 ,?is is necess>y if !re is to be any unity ( action4 ,!re=e if y lose y\r section or x becomes brok5 up1 jo9 ! fir/ section y c f9d & obey y\r new section lead] z loyally & z *e]fully z y did y\r own4 ,:ile yet sev]al miles f ! enemy's position ! troops may come "u artill]y fire4 ,on gre5 m5 ent]+ ^u _! fight1 ! s\nd ( ! projectile :i/l+ ?r\gh ! air1 ! noise1 fla%1 & smoke on ! bur/ ( ! %rapnel1 & ! hum ( ! v>i\s pieces !reaft]1 all produce a v t]rify+ effect1 b old soldi]s soon le>n to pay little att5tion to ?is1 z ! dang] is n great4 ,,! ,,m\nt$ ,,attack4 ,,! ,,troop ,,act+ ,,alone4 #fci4 ,:5 ! troop act+ alone *>ges x is ord9>ily divid$ into two p>ts1 viz1 ! attack+ l9e & ! res]ve1 b a platoon is nev] kept 9 re> except :5 ! capta9 s directs4 ,if ! attack+ l9e1 or res]ve1 consi/s ( only "o platoon1 x is l$ by its *ief2 if x consi/s ( two or m platoons1 x is l$ by ! s5ior *ief ( platoon or by ! capta94 ,:5 a *ief ( platoon takes po/ z lead] ( two or m platoons1 8 place z platoon lead] is tak5 by ! correspond+ file clos]4 ,:5ev] ! rally or assembly is ord]$1 ! capta9 may cause ! guidon to be display$ at ! rally+ or assembly po9t indicat$4 #fdj4 ,9 in/ruction ex]cises ! enemy mu/ always be outl9$ or repres5t$ by troop]s1 :o may c>ry flags1 "u comm& ( an (fic] or noncommission$ (fic]4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ?is in/ruction ^! m5 w occupy fix$ positions2 lat] !y w be in/ruct$ to ride s z to repres5t ! movem5ts ( an aggressive enemy4 ,! capta9 w expla9 to ! comm&] ! object ( ! ex]cise & tell him :at to d4 #fda4 ,! platoons ( ! attack+ l9e may attack 9 "o l9e or successively1 z f column ( platoons ) ext5d$ di/ances4 ,! capta91 9 addition to designat+ a res]ve1 may direct "o or m platoons to execute any special mission4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( special in/ructions f ! capta9 ! lead] ( ea* platoon1 or comb9ation ( platoons1 t is act+ sep>ately uses 8 discretion1 endeavor+ s to employ 8 comm& z be/ to assi/ 9 c>ry+ out ! g5]al plan indicat$ by ! capta9's ord]s4 #fdb4 ,! res]ve1 9 ! abs5ce ( special in/ructions1 foll[s ! attack+ l9e at f #ajj to #aej y>ds 9 read9ess to support ! attack+ l9e1 meet a c\nt] attack1 or press ! pursuit1 z occasion may require4 ,a platoon designat$ = a flank attack is s conduct$ by its lead] z to fall opportunely ^u ! enemy's flank4 ,if a flank platoon be s designat$1 x attacks f t flank unless o!rwise direct$4 ,to gu>d aga9/ a flank attack or an envelop+ attack ! capta9 may deta* a platoon to move to ! ?reat5$ flank s z to take an envelop+ attack 9 flank or meet a flank attack4 ,if a flank platoon be s designat$1 x acts on ! correspond+ flank unless o!rwise direct$4 ,:5 no platoon is specially designat$ = flank gu>d1 ! correspond+ duties fall ^u ! res]ve4 #fdc4 ,! capta9's comm&s %\ld include an indication ( ! objective1 unless ! latt] is obvi\s1 designate ! elem5ts ( ! attack1 & /ate any special mission t is assign$ to any elem5t4 ,! capta9's ord]s also usually include an indication ( ! weapon to be us$ by ! sev]al elem5ts ( ! attack & may prescribe ! =mations to be employ$4 ,all details n prescrib$ by ! capta9 are left to ! discretion ( ! comm&]s ( ! sev]al elem5ts into :i* ! attack is divid$4 ,:]e ! same weapon is to be us$ by all x is ord9>ily drawn at ! capta9's ord]s be=e ! in/ructions = ! attack are giv54 ,o!rwise1 ea* comm&] gives ! prop] ord]s = draw+ sab] or rais+ pi/ol4 #fdd4 ,! troop be+1 = example1 9 l9e1 m>*+ at a gallop ) sab]s drawn1 ! capta9 may comm&3 ,objective1 ,cavalry 9 front2 ,second & ,?ird platoons1 to ! *>ge2 ,fir/ platoon1 flank attack2 ,f\r? platoon1 res]ve4 ,ea* elem5t ( ! attack proce$s at once to c>ry out its ord]s4 ,! lead] ( ! attack+ l9e 7:e!r ! capta9 or a lieut5ant7 directs ! lead] ( ! base platoon to close on him be=e *>ge is ord]$ 7p>4 #efc74 ,9 o!r respects1 ! *>ge is conduct$ z expla9$ = ! platoon 7p>s4 #efb-efd74 ,! troop be+1 = example1 9 column ( platoons1 m>*+ at a gallop1 no weapon drawn1 ! capta9 may comm& 7! objective be+ obvi\s73 ,fir/ & ,second platoons1 pi/ol attack2 ,?ird platoon1 res]ve2 ,f\r? platoon1 left flank gu>d4 ,! lead] ( ! attack+ l9e comm&s3 #a4 ,z =ag]s1 #b4 ,,m>*1 & attacks ) ! pi/ol accord+ to ! pr9ciples expla9$ = ! platoon 7p>s4 #eff-efh7 z soon z ! second platoon completes its deploym5t on ! left ( ! fir/ platoon4 ,! comm&]s ( ! ?ird & f\r? platoons move to _! positions1 draw+ sab] or rais+ pi/ol 9 _! discretion4 ,%\ld ! capta9 comm&1 = example3 ,fir/ & ,second platoons1 pi/ol attack 9 two l9es2 ,?ird platoon1 *>ge enemy's "r flank2 ,f\r? platoon1 res]ve1 ! ?ird platoon may *>ge ) ! sab]4 ,%\ld ! capta9 cause pi/ols to be rais$ be=e ord]+ ! attack all use ! pi/ol4 ,! above are only examples to indicate ! "* ( ! capta9's comm&s4 ,! actual ord]s mu/ meet ! situation pres5t$4 #fde4 ,at ! fir/ indication = ! *>ge ! gr\nd sc\ts move out f ! flanks ( ! attack+ l9e 7p>4 #efi7 unless o!rwise specially direct$4 ,! capta9 usually s5ds out any necess>y combat patrols2 b ea* lead] ( a sep>ate gr\p is responsible t any fur!r /eps necess>y = ! imm$iate protection ( 8 own flanks are tak54 ,,! ,,troop ,,9 ,,! ,,squadron4 #fdf4 ,! troop 9 squadron1 9 m\nt$ attack1 has no res]ve1 b may h a support 9 ! discretion ( ! major4 ,if on ! flank ( ! squadron1 its own flank def5se mu/ be provid$ by ! capta9 9 ! abs5ce ( in/ructions4 ,,pass+ ,,f ,,m\nt$ ,,action ,,to ,,dism\nt$ ,,action4 #fdg4 ,! movem5ts are execut$ by comm&s & me?ods correspond+ to ^? already expla9$ = ! squad & platoon1 ) ! foll[+ modifications & additions !reto3 ,! horses ( ! capta9 & ( "o bugl] :o accompanies ! capta9 are held by ! o!r bugl] or by a man specially designat$ 9 advance = t duty4 ,! horses ( ! fir/ s]geant & o!r m5 out ( ranks1 & n o!rwise specially provid$ =1 are secur$ 9 ! same mann] indicat$ 9 ! correspond+ provisions = ! squad & platoon4 #fdh4 ,! guidon1 9 ! abs5ce ( in/ructions to ! contr>y1 takes g5]al *>ge ( ! l$ horses & p]=ms ! duties prescrib$ = ! troop] 9 *>ge ( ! horse-hold]s & horses 7p>4 #dca74 ,%\ld "o ( ! platoon file clos]s be s5ior to ! guidon1 ! fir/ s]geant cautions su* file clos] & ! guidon 9 advance t ! s5ior w h g5]al *>ge ( ! l$ horses ( ! troop :ile su* s5ior rema9s ) ! horses4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( o!r special in/ructions1 ! file clos] ( ea* platoon reports ! additional troop]s ( 8 platoon to ! troop comm&] aft] ,nos4 #b dism\nt4 ,! guidon rema9s 9 g5]al *>ge ( ! o!r horse-hold]s & ! horses1 a designat$ troop] hav+1 "u ! guidon1 imm$iate *>ge ( ! horse-hold]s & horses ( ea* platoon4 #fdi4 ,! capta9 gives any desir$ special in/ructions to ! guidon & sees t prop] measures = security are tak54 ,on dism\nt+1 ! fir/ s]geant rema9s ne> ! horses long en\gh to see t ! designat$ noncommission$ (fic] is 9 *>ge & is mak+ prop] provision z reg>ds ! horses2 he !n jo9s ! capta94 ,any s]geants :o may be extra file clos]s )\t special assignm5t ( duties jo9 ! capta92 o!r extra file clos]s n specially assign$ jo9 ! platoons ) :i* !y 7 rid+4 ,! capta91 on dism\nt+1 takes position at ! po9t :]e he desires ! base platoon to =m or o!rwise indicates t position to ! lead] ( ! base platoon4 ,! platoon t 0 ! base :5 ! troop dism\nt$ rema9s ! base ( ! dism\nt$ =mation 9 ! abs5ce ( o!r indication4 ,its lead] takes position at once 9 re> ( ! capta91 or z indicat$ by ! latt]1 & ! dism\nt$ platoon =ms 9 d\ble column or z direct$4 ,! o!r platoons =m s z to ext5d ! =mation 9 l9e ( d\ble columns1 or z ! capta9 ord]s1 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples gov]n+ ! assembly ( ! troop4 ,! capta9 may direct ! platoon lead]s to proce$ at once to designat$ positions )\t =m+ ! troop z a unit4 ,9 all cases ! measures tak5 mu/ be su* z to prev5t unnecess>y exposure ( m5 or horses to ho/ile view or fire4 ,,dism\nt$ ,,combat 7,,! ,,troop74 ,,g5]al ,,consid]ations4 #fej4 ,:5 ! troop1 act+ alone1 dism\nts to engage 9 delib]ate fire action ! capta9 makes provisions = ! l$ horses 7p>4 #fdi7 & at once s5ds out sc\ts 7usually two exp]i5c$ m5 detail$ & tra9$ z su*7 to ! front to reconnoit]4 ,! capta9 reconnoit]s usually 9 re> (1 b 9 t\* ) ! sc\ts1 & accompani$ by platoon comm&]s & ! fir/ s]geant2 he expla9s to !m ! purpose ( ! attack1 gives !m all ! in=mation he has ab\t ! enemy & ab\t our own troops 9 ! vic9ity1 po9ts out to !m ! objective ( ea* platoon if !y are to advance1 or indicates ! "p ( ! l9e to be held by ea* if to take ! def5sive4 #fea4 ,! advance ( a troop aft] dism\nt+1 9 anticipation ( fire action ei!r 9 attack or def5se is made 9 close ord]1 pref]ably 9 columns ( f\rs or twos1 until ! probability or ! actual enc\nt]+ ( ho/ile fire makes x advisable to deploy4 ,aft] su* deploym5t ! advance 7n[ designat$ ! approa*7 may be cont9u$ 9 l9e ( skirmi%]s or o!r suitable =mation be=e op5+ fire4 ,! approa* dism\nt$ may (t5 be facilitat$1 bett] advantage tak5 ( cov]1 & losses m9imiz$ by us+ =mations su* z l9e ( platoons ea* 9 column ( twos or troop]s1 or a succession ( ?9 l9es at v>y+ di/ances1 "o directly beh9d ! o!r or e*elon$4 ,! *oice ( a =mation w\ld dep5d ^u conditions1 su* z ! effectiv5ess ( ! enemy's fire1 cov] af=d$ by folds ( ! gr\nd1 or by natural ob/acles4 ,if ! deploym5t is f\nd to be premature1 x w g5]ally be bett] to assemble ! troop & resume ! advance 9 close ord]4 ,! =mations m5tion$ z facilitat+ ! advance1 viz1 l9e ( platoons 9 column ( twos or troop]s1 or a succession ( ?9 l9es f9d application mo/ frequ5tly 9 ! approa* :5 ! gr\nd is s difficult or ! cov] s limit$ z to make x desirable to take advantage ( ! few favorable r\tes on :i* to move =w>d4 #feb4 ,! approa* 9 a succession ( ?9 l9es is1 if possible1 made by sections "u ! imm$iate direction ( platoon comm&]s ) wide int]vals betwe5 skirmi%]s4 ,by s advanc+ cont9u\s control ( ! l9e is assur$4 ,if t me?od is n practicable1 !n ! successive l9es are made up ( "o or m m5 f ea* f\r ( a platoon on ! skirmi% l9e1 ! comm& be+3 #a4 ,numb]s #a 7or su* numb] or numb]s71 fir/ 7or su*7 platoon1 =w>d2 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! capta9 hav+ po9t$ out 9 advance ! select$ position 9 front ( ! l9es :i* are to be occupi$1 ! designat$ numb]s move to ! front4 ,! l9e ?us =m$ pres]ves ! orig9al int]vals z ne>ly z practicable2 :5 ?is l9e has advanc$ to ! indicat$ position1 a second l9e is s5t =w>d by simil> comm&s1 & s on at irregul> di/ances until ! :ole l9e has advanc$4 ,^u arriv+ at ! indicat$ position ! fir/ l9e is halt$4 ,successive l9es ^u arriv+ halt on l9e ) ! fir/1 & ! m5 take _! prop] places 9 ! skirmi% l9e4 ,ord9>ily ea* l9e is made up ( "o man or m f ea* f\r ( a platoon1 & ! m5 ( a f\r are s5t =w>d 9 ord] f "r to left4 ,! fir/ l9e is l$ by ! platoon lead] ( t platoon1 ! second by its file clos]1 & s on4 ,"u favorable conditions ! successive l9es may be made up f all ( ! platoons :i* are deploy$ z skirmi%]s4 ,! movem5t is conduct$ 9 quick "t unless conditions make d\ble "t necess>y4 ,aft] ! entire troop has rea*$ ! l9e a fur!r advance 9 ! same mann] may be f\nd advisable4 ,! movem5t 9 a succession ( ?9 l9es is us$ to cross a wide /ret* swept or likely to be swept by artill]y fire or heavy long-range rifle fire :i* c n pr(itably be return$4 ,its purpose is ! build+ up ( a /rong skirmi% l9e prep>atory to engag+ 9 a fire fight4 ,?is me?od ( advanc+ by ?9 l9es results 9 s]i\s1 ?\gh tempor>y1 loss ( control ov] ! successive platoons ( ! troop4 ,its advantages lie 9 ! fact t x (f]s a less def9ite t>get1 h5ce is less likely to draw fire4 #fec4 ,^! are m]ely sugge/$ me?ods ( advanc+ prelim9>y to op5+ ! fire attack2 o!r =mations bett] adapt$ to p>ticul> occasions or t]ra9 may be devis$4 ,! be/ =mation is t :i* advances ! l9e ! f>!/ )\t draw+ ! enemy's fire1 or1 if he does op5 fire1 !n ) ! lea/ loss ( m51 "t1 & control4 ,,! ,,fire ,,attack4 #fed4 ,! pr9ciples involv$ 9 ! fire attack are discuss$ "u ,dism\nt$ ,fire ,action1 ! ,squadron 7p>4 #gaf71 & necess>y modifications z to details made "u ,dism\nt$ ,action1 ! ,regim5t 7p>4 #gfj74 ,:5 ! enemy's fire makes x impracticable = ! troop to move =w>d 9 "o ( ! above-m5tion$ =mations1 x may advance by ru%es4 ,be+ 9 skirmi% l9e3 #a4 ,by platoon 7section7 f ! "r 7left71 #b4 ,,ru%4 ,! platoon lead] on ! indicat$ flank arranges ! details = a prompt & vigor\s execution ( ! ru% & puts x into effect z soon z practicable4 ,if necess>y he designates ! lead] = ! indicat$ unit4 ,:5 ab\t to ru% he causes ! m5 ( ! indicat$ unit to susp5d fir+ & to hold !mselves flat on ! gr\nd b 9 read9ess to spr+ =w>d in/antly4 ,! lead] ( ! ru% 7at ! signal ( ! platoon lead] if ! latt] is n ! lead] ( ! ru%7 comm&s1 ,foll[ me1 &1 runn+ at top spe$1 leads ! fraction to ! new l9e1 :]e he halts x & causes x to op5 fire4 ,! lead] ( ! ru% selects ! new l9e if x has n be5 previ\sly designat$4 ,! fir/ fraction hav+ e/abli%$ itself on ! new l9e1 ! next l fraction is s5t =w>d by its platoon lead] )\t fur!r comm& f ! capta91 & s on1 successively1 until ! entire troop is on ! l9e e/abli%$ by ! fir/ ru%4 ,! m5 mu/ be tra9$ to lie p]fectly /ill until ! comm& 7s9ce any movem5t might w>n ! enemy ( ! ru% to foll[71 !n at comm& to spr+ in/antly & toge!r to _! feet1 run at top spe$1 & drop toge!r at comm&4 #fee4 ,9 an advance by ru%es1 lead]s ( platoons 9 fir+ positions are responsible = ! deliv]y ( an effective fire to cov] ! advance ( ea* ru%+ fraction4 ,troops are caution$ s to fire z n to endang] ! flanks ( advanc$ portions ( ! fir+ l9e4 ,! husb&+ ( ammunition = ! f9al /ages ( ! fire attack mu/ be con/antly impress$ on ! m54 ,! ru% ( a troop z a :ole is conduct$ by ! capta9 on ! same pr9ciple z describ$ = ! platoon4 ,! capta9 leads ! ru%1 platoon lead]s lead _! respective platoons1 & file clos]s foll[ ! l9e to insure prompt & ord]ly execution ( ! advance4 ,:5 ! =ego+ me?od ( ru%+1 by runn+1 becomes impracticable1 any me?od ( advance t c>ries ! attack clos] to ! enemy1 su* z crawl+1 %\ld be employ$4 ,! *>ge corresponds to t describ$ 9 ! squadron4 ,:5 a lead] 9 comm& ( a platoon or section receives an ord] or signal to ru%1 he %\ld cause 8 m5 to susp5d fir+ & to hold !mselves flat b ready = a spr9t]'s />t4 ,he selects ! po9t1 z f> z possible ) ref]5ce to cov]1 to :i* he int5ds to c>ry 8 unit =w>d4 ,he !n gives ! comm& ,,ru%1 spr+s =w>d1 & runn+ at full spe$ ab\t ?ree paces ahead ( 8 m51 leads !m 9 ! ru%4 ,arriv+ at ! position he has select$1 he ?r[s himself prone1 & ! m5 drop on ei!r side ( him4 ,all crawl =w>d to good fir+ positions1 consid]+ ! cov] also1 & ! lead] gives ! necess>y ord]s = resum+ ! fire4 ,! latt] w include giv+ ! range aga91 ! l5g? ( ! ru% be+ subtract$ f ! sight sett+ ord]$ at ! la/ position4 ,! orig9al platoon & section divisions ( ! troop 9 ! fir+ l9e %\ld be ma9ta9$1 if possible1 & %\ld only be brok5 up if ! m+l+ ( re9=cem5ts r5d]s x unavoidable4 ,^u jo9+ ! fir+ l9e1 (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s accompany+ a re9=cem5t take ov] ! duties ( o!rs ( l grade :o h be5 disabl$1 or !y di/ribute !mselves s z be/ to ex]cise _! normal functions4 ,conditions v>y & no exact rules c be prescrib$4 ,x is ess5tial t all assi/ 9 ma/]+ ! increas$ difficulties ( control4 ,,fire4 #feg4 ,ord9>ily rifles are load$ & extra ammunition 9 b&oli]s is di/ribut$ be=e ! troop deploys = combat4 ,9 close ord] ! troop executes ! fir+s at ! comm& ( ! capta91 :o po/s himself 9 re> ( ! c5t]4 ,fir+s 9 close ord] are exceptional4 #feh4 ,signals dur+ fire action3 ,! voice is g5]ally inadequate = giv+ comm&s dur+ fir+1 & mu/ be replac$ by signals ( su* "* t prop] fire direction & control are assur$ 7p>4 #ihi74 ,to attract att5tion signals mu/ usually be prec$$ by ! :i/le signal 7%ort bla/74 ,a fraction ( ! fir+ l9e ab\t to ru% %\ld avoid us+ ! long bla/ signal z an indication to susp5d fir+4 ,(fic]s & m5 beh9d ! fir+ l9e c n ord9>ily move freely along ! l9e1 b ea* mu/ dep5d on ! o!r's wat*fulness1 9 addition to 8 own1 & make use ( prescrib$ signals 7p>4 #iig1 ,cav4 ,drill ,reg41 #aiaf74 ,all %\ld place !mselves s z to see _! imm$iate sup]iors & subord9ates4 ,! bugl] ) ! capta9 assi/s by obs]v+ ! enemy1 ! t>get1 & ! fire effect1 & by wat*+ = & transmitt+ comm&s4 ,! effect ( fire & ! influ5ce ( ! gr\nd 9 relation !reto1 & ! individual & collective in/ruction 9 m>ksman%ip are treat$ 9 ! ,small-,arms ,fir+ ,manual4 #fei4 ,volley fire has limit$ application4 ,x has a moral effect bo? on ! troops employ+ x & on ^? subject$ to x4 ,x may be employ$ to re/ore control4 ,9 def5se x may be us$ 9 ! e>ly /ages ( ! action if ! enemy pres5ts a l>ge compact t>get4 ,x may be us$ by troops especially po/$ on ! flank or 9 a dom9ant position 9 re> ( an attack+ =ce = ! purpose ( aid+ ! advance by s-call$ fire ( position4 ,:5 ! gr\nd ne> ! t>get is su* t ! /rike ( bullets c be se5 f ! fir+ l9e1 rang+ volleys may be us$ to correct ! sight sett+4 ,9 combat1 volley fir+1 if us$1 is execut$ habitually by platoon4 #ffj4 ,fire at w is ! class ( fire normally employ$ 9 attack or def5se4 #ffa4 ,clip fire has limit$ application4 ,x is pr9cipally us$ 7a7 9 ! e>ly /ages ( combat to /eady ! m5 by habituat+ !m to brief pauses 9 fir+2 7b7 to produce a %ort bur/ ( fire4 ,,fire ,,direction4 #ffb4 ,:5 ! troop is l>ge en\gh to be divid$ into platoons1 x is impracticable = ! capta9 to comm& x 9 combat4 ,8 effici5cy 9 manag+ ! fir+ l9e is measur$ by 8 ability to en=ce 8 w ?r\gh ! platoon lead]s4 ,hav+ indicat$ cle>ly :at he desires !m to d1 he avoids int]f]+ except to correct s]i\s errors or omissions4 ,! capta9 directs ! fire ( 8 troop or ( designat$ platoons4 ,he designates ! t>get &1 :5 practicable1 allots a "p ( ! t>get to ea* platoon4 ,be=e beg9n+ ! fire action he det]m9es ! range1 ann\nces ! sight sett+1 & indicates ! class ( fire to be employ$ & ! "t to op5 fire4 ,!reaft] he obs]ves ! fire effect1 corrects mat]ial errors 9 sight sett+1 prev5ts exhau/ion ( ! ammunition supply1 & causes ! di/ribution ( su* extra ammunition z may be receiv$4 ,,fire ,,control4 #ffc4 ,9 combat ! platoon is ! fire unit4 ,f #bj to #ce rifles are z _m z "o lead] c control effectively4 ,ea* platoon lead] puts into execution ! comm&s or directions ( ! capta91 hav+ fir/ tak5 su* precautions to insure correct sight sett+ & cle> description ( ! t>get or aim+ po9t z ! situation p]mits or requires 7p>4 #ada72 !reaft] he gives su* additional comm&s or directions z are necess>y to exact compliance ) ! capta9's w4 ,he corrects ! sight sett+ :5 necess>y4 ,:5 ! t>get c n be se5 ) ! nak$ eye1 he designates an aim+ po9t 7by "o ( ! me?ods describ$ 9 p>4 #ada if necess>y7 & ord]s fire ^u x1 fir/ ann\nc+ ! prop] sight sett+ to correct ! error ( aim4 ,9 g5]al1 platoon lead]s obs]ve ! t>get & ! effect ( ! fire & are on ! al]t = ! capta9's comm&s2 !y obs]ve & regulate ! rate ( fire4 ,! file clos]s wat* ! fir+ l9e & *eck e brea* ( fire discipl9e4 ,*iefs ( section transmit comm&s :5 necess>y1 obs]ve ! conduct ( _! sections & abate excitem5t1 assi/ 9 en=c+ fire discipl9e1 & p>ticipate 9 ! fir+ unless o!rwise direct$ by ! platoon comm&]s4 ,! be/ troops are ^? t submit longe/ to fire control4 ,to avoid or delay su* loss ( control %\ld be ! con/ant aim ( all4 ,fire control implies ! ability ( ! comm&] to /op ! fir+1 *ange ! sight sett+ & t>get1 & resume a well-direct$ fire4 ,,fire ,,discipl9e4 #ffd4 ,fire discipl9e implies1 besides an unque/ion+ habit ( ob$i5ce to comm&s1 a control ( ! rifle by ! soldi] 7! result ( tra9+71 :i* w enable him 9 action to make hits in/ead ( misses4 ,x embraces tak+ advantage ( ! gr\nd2 prop] und]/&+ ( ord]s z to t>get designation2 c>e 9 sett+ ! sight & deliv]y ( fire2 con/ant att5tion to ! ord]s ( ! lead]s1 & c>eful obs]vation ( ! enemy2 an increase ( fire :5 ! t>get is favorable1 & a cessation ( fire :5 ! enemy disappe>s2 economy ( ammunition4 ,ord]ly & regul> me?ods on ! "p ( lead]s aid fire discipl9e4 ,self possession & a confid5t tone 9 giv+ comm&s & in/ructions are indisp5sable4 ,9 combat1 %ots :i* graze ! enemy's tr5* or position1 & ?us r$uce ! effectiv5ess ( 8 fire1 h ! approximate value ( hits2 su* %ots only1 or actual hits1 contribute t[>d fire sup]iority4 ,fire discipl9e implies t1 9 a fir+ l9e )\t lead]s1 ea* man reta9s 8 pres5ce ( m9d & directs effective fire ^u ! prop] t>get4 #ffe4 ,to create a correct appreciation ( ! requirem5ts ( fire discipl9e1 m5 are taught t ! rate ( fire1 hav+ con/antly 9 view ! available ammunition supply1 %\ld be z rapid z is consi/5t ) accurate aim+2 t ! rate w dep5d ^u ! visibility1 proximity1 & size ( ! t>get2 & t ! prop] rate w ord9>ily sugge/ itself to ea* tra9$ man usually r5d]+ cautions or comm&s unnecess>y4 #fff4 ,9 attack1 ammunition mu/ be us$ ) extreme caution 9 ord] t ! highe/ rate ( fire may be employ$ at ! halt prec$+ ! assault & 9 pursu+ fire4 #ffg4 ,9 def5se1 :5 ! t>get disappe>s beh9d cov]1 platoon lead]s susp5d fire1 prep>e _! platoons to fire ^u ! po9t :]e x is expect$ to reappe>1 & greet its reappe>ance in/antly ) a vigor\s bur/ ( fire4 ,9 def5se ! available ammunition supply is n ord9>ily s limit$ z 9 ! attack4 #ffh4 ,= communication betwe5 ! fir+ l9e & ! res]ve or comm&] 9 re> c]ta9 signals are prescrib$ 7p>4 #iig74 ,9 transmission _! concealm5t f ! enemy's view %\ld be insur$4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( signal flags ! headdress or o!r sub/itute may be us$4 ,,ranges4 #ffi4 ,= conv5i5ce ( ref]5ce1 ranges are classifi$ z foll[s3 #j to #fjj y>ds1 close range4 #fjj to #a1bjj y>ds1 effective range4 #a1bjj to #b1jjj y>ds1 long range4 ,ov] #b1jjj y>ds1 di/ant range4 ,! di/ance to ! t>get mu/ be det]m9$ z accurately z possible & ! sights set accord+ly4 ,aside f tra9+ & morale1 ?is is ! mo/ important s+le factor 9 secur+ effective fire at ! long] ranges4 ,except 9 a delib]ately prep>$ def5sive position1 ! mo/ accurate & only practicable me?od ( det]m9+ ! range1 9 abs5ce ( a suitable me*anical range f9d]1 w g5]ally be to take ! mean ( sev]al e/imates made indep5d5tly4 ,e/imation ( ranges4--,five or six (fic]s & m51 select$ f ! mo/ accurate e/imators 9 ! troop & designat$ z range e/imators1 %\ld be specially tra9$ 9 e/imat+ di/ances4 ,:5ev] necess>y & practicable1 ! capta9 assembles ! range e/imators1 po9ts out ! t>get to !m1 & adopts ! mean ( _! e/imates4 ,! range e/imators !n take _! cu/om>y po/s4 ,:5 a range is ann\nc$1 ! m5 at once set _! sights to correspond1 & :5ev] practicable an exam9ation ( ! pieces is made 9 ord] to v]ify ! sight sett+4 7,c4 ,c4 ,d4 ,r41 ,no4 #a1 ,apr4 #bf1 #aiag47 ,fir+ is delay$ z long z possible = ?ree reasons1 viz3 7a7 ,at ! extreme ranges little damage c be done on ! enemy1 & ineffective fir+ always enc\rages him2 7b7 halt+ to fire delays ! advance1 & ! great object to be accompli%$ is to close 9 on ! enemy :]e y c meet him on bett] t]ms2 7c7 pl5ty ( ammunition w be requir$ at ! decisive /age ( ! fight1 & x is v difficult to s5d extra ammunition up to ! fir+ l9e4 ,!re=e nev] fire until ord]$ to d s1 & !n nev] fire m ?an ! numb] ( r\nds designat$4 ,nev] fire aft] ! comm& cease fir+ is giv54 ,ammunition 9 ! b&ole]s w ord9>ily be exp5d$ fir/4 ,?irty r\nds 9 ! "r pocket section ( ! belt w be held z a res]ve1 to be exp5d$ only :5 ord]$ by an (fic]4 ,soon1 h[ev]1 x w be necess>y to halt & op5 fire on ! enemy 9 ord] to cause him "s loss1 to make 8 riflem5 keep d[n 9 _! tr5*es1 & to make !m fire wildly4 ,x is probable t at ?is "t & until y arrive mu* clos] y w n see any ( ! enemy to fire at4 ,y may n ev5 see any tr5*es nor "k j :]e ! enemy is4 ,y\r high] (fic]s1 h[ev]1 ) _! field glasses & ! messages !y receive1 w "k4 ,ea* troop w be assign$ a c]ta9 front to cov] ) its fire4 ,!re=e be c>eful to fix y\r sights at ! designat$ range & fire only at ! designat$ t>get4 ,?is means team "w 9 fir+1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ important elem5ts ( success4 ,! fir+ l9e advances f position to position by means ( ru%es4 ,at long range ! entire l9e may ru% =w>d at ! same "t1 b z ! range decreases "o "p ( ! l9e ru%es =w>d :ile ! rema9d] keeps up a hot fire on ! enemy4 ,! numb] tak+ "p 9 ea* ru% decreases z ! fire ( ! enemy becomes w>m]1 until p]haps only "o squad1 or ev5 less1 ru%es or crawls =w>d at a "t1 protect$ by ! fire ( ! re/ ( ! company4 ,! di/ance cov]$ by ea* ru% also becomes less & less4 ,aft] any ru% no "p ( ! l9e aga9 advances until ! re/ ( ! l9e is up4 ,9 mak+ a ru%1 ! lead] ( ! unit gives ! signal & leads ! way4 ,! re/ foll[4 ,no attempt is made to keep a l9e1 b ea* man ru%es =w>d at a run1 seek+ only to rea* ! new halt+ position z quickly & ) z little exposure z possible4 ,:5 halt$1 ! skirmi%]s ne$ n be 9 a p]fect l9e1 b e advantage %\ld be tak5 ( ! gr\nd = concealm5t & protection4 ,x is necess>y only t no man or gr\p ( m5 %\ld int]f]e ) ! fire ( o!r p>ts ( ! fir+ l9e4 ,! noise on ! fir+ l9e w be great4 ,lead]s w be disabl$ & new m5 w take _! places4 ,re9=cem5ts com+ up w cause units to become mix$4 ,to ! gre5 man ev]y?+ may appe> to be 9 confusion1 b ?is is n s4 ,?is is w> z x really is4 ,if y h lo/ y\r section or y\r section lead]1 jo9 ! lead] ne>e/ to y4 ,?is is ! way ! game is play$4 ,z long z ! fight la/s e available rifleman mu/ be kept 9 ! fir+ l9e4 ,! fir/ & la/ consid]ation is to w9 ! battle4 ,!re=e1 "u no circum/ances w any soldi] be p]mitt$ to g to ! re>1 ei!r = ammunition or to assi/ ! w\nd$4 ,if ! attack+ =ce c no long] advance1 x is mu* saf] to ?r[ up ha/y intr5*m5ts & await ! arrival ( re9=cem5ts or d>kness ?an x is to retreat4 ,retreat+ troops are ! ones t suff] ! greate/4 ,?is lesson is taught by e great w>4 ,!re=e1 always rememb] t ! safe/ ?+ to d is to /ick to ! fir+ l9e4 ,troops on ! fir+ l9e1 :5 n actually engag$ 9 fir+ at ! enemy1 busy !mselves ?r[+ up %elt] tr5*es4 ,x only requires a few m9utes to con/ruct a tr5* t gives great protection4 ,!re=e1 nev] get sep>at$ f y\r intr5*+ tool4 ,concealm5t is no less important ?an protection4 ,!re=e1 :5 conditions p]mit1 z is g5]ally ! case :5 on ! def5sive1 e ef=t %\ld be made to hide intr5*m5ts by ! use ( sod1 grass1 we$s1 bu%es1 etc4 ,9 mak+ an attack ! infantry is always support$ :5 possible by its own artill]y1 :i* cont9ues to fire ov] its head until ! infantry arrives v close to ! enemy's tr5*es4 ,?is fire is help+ y a great deal by keep+ d[n ! fire ( ! enemy's infantry & artill]y4 ,!re=e1 don't ?9k y are be+ fir$ into by y\r own artill]y because y he> _! %ells & %rapnel s++ ?r\gh ! air or bur/+ a %ort di/ance 9 y\r front1 b r be ?ankful y are receiv+ _! help up to ! v la/ m9ute4 ,9 ! la/ ru% :i* c>ries ! enemy's position !re is always mu* mix+ ( units4 ,! fir+ l9e does n cont9ue ru%+ madly z individuals aft] ! enemy1 b halts & fires on him until he gets out ( good range4 ,! pursuit is tak5 up by =m$ troops held 9 res]ve or by ! fir+ l9e only aft] its units are aga9 gott5 toge!r4 ,z ! fight+ (t5 la/s all day1 & great suff]+ is caus$ f ?ir/1 don't ?r[ away y\r cante5 :5 ! fight comm5ces4 ,x may also be impossible to get rations up to ! l9e dur+ ! night4 ,!re=e1 x is advisable to hold onto at lea/ "o ration4 ,z ! rec5t w> has %[n ! possibility ( h&-to-h& fight+1 especially at night1 ea* soldi] %\ld be s*ool$ 9 ! use ( ! bayonet4 ,! foll[+ has p>ticul> ref]5ce to ! duties ( platoon & section lead]s & to ! teamwork ( ! platoon 9 combat3 ,attack+ troops mu/ fir/ ga9 fire sup]iority 9 ord] to rea* ! ho/ile position4 ,by ga9+ fire sup]iority is meant mak+ "o's fire sup]ior to t ( ! enemy 9 volume & accuracy1 & x dep5ds ^u ! numb] ( rifles employ$1 ! rate ( fire1 ! "* ( ! t>get1 tra9+ & discipl9e1 & fire direction & control4 ,:5 ! fire ( ! attack]s becomes effective & sup]ior to t ( ! def5d]s ! latt] are no long] able to effectively & coolly aim & fire at ! =m]1 &1 z a consequ5ce1 ! attack]s are able to inaugurate a successful ru% or advance :i* c>ries !m ne>] to ! enemy's position4 ,:5 a tra9$ organization has be5 committ$ to ! attack1 ! ga9+ ( fire sup]iority dep5ds ^u ! way 9 :i* fire direction & fire control are ex]cis$4 ,! capta9 directs ! fire ( ! troop4 ,he indicates to ! platoon comm&]s ! t>get 7enemy7 :i* ! troop is to fire & advance ^u1 & tells ea* ^u :i* "p ( ?is t>get he is to direct ! fire ( 8 platoon4 ,:5 he desires ! fire to be op5$1 he gives ! necess>y comm&s or signals1 includ+ ! range at :i* ! sights are to be set4 ,:5 ! fire fight has once />t$1 x becomes to a great ext5t a fight ( a numb] ( platoons4 ,! platoon is ! l>ge/ organization :i* c be controll$ by a s+le lead] 9 action4 ,! platoon comm&] 7lieut5ant or s]geant7 controls its fire 9 ord] to ga9 ! maximum fire effect & to avoid wa/+ ammunition4 ,he mu/ try 8 be/ to make ! fire ( 8 platoon effective1 to get x =w>d1 & to support neighbor+ platoons 9 _! ef=t to advance4 ,at ! same "t he mu/ hold himself subject to 8 capta9's directions4 ,he %\ld take advantage ( e *ance to c>ry 8 platoon =w>d unless o!rwise ord]$4 ,9 all ?is he is assi/$ by 8 section *iefs 7s]geants7 & by 8 corporals4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( an engagem5t ! platoon comm&] w give ! objective 7"p ( ! enemy's l9e or aim+ t>get7 at :i* 8 platoon is to direct its fire4 ,noncommission$ (fic]s mu/ be sure t !y see & und]/& ! objective1 & t all ! m5 9 _! squads d likewise4 ,fire is !n direct$ at ?is objective )\t fur!r comm& until ! platoon comm&] gives a new objective4 ,m5 %\ld be in/ruct$ to aim at t "p ( ! t>get assign$ to _! platoon :i* corresponds ) _! own position 9 _! own platoon1 s t !re w be no portion ( ! t>get :i* is n cov]$ by fire4 ,a portion ( ! enemy's l9e n cov]$ by fire means t t portion is able to coolly aim & fire at _! oppon5ts4 ,9 an engagem5t ! voice c seldom be he>d ov] a few feet1 & ! platoon comm&] w g5]ally h to convey 8 ord]s by signals4 ,a s]geant may be able to %\t ord]s to 8 section1 & ord]s may be repeat$ along a skirmi% l9e by %\t+4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t ord]s int5d$ = "o platoon only are n ?us convey$ to ano!r platoon4 ,a %ort bla/ on ! :i/le1 giv5 by ! platoon comm&]1 means ,att5tion to ,ord]s4 ,all noncommission$ (fic]s at once susp5d fir+ & glance t[>d ! platoon comm&] to see if ! latt] has any signals or ord]s = !m4 ,if n1 !y resume fir+4 ,a long bla/ on ! :i/le means ,susp5d ,fir+4 ,:5 a noncommission$ (fic] he>s ?is signal f 8 platoon comm&]1 he %\ld at once %\t ,susp5d ,fir+4 ,^u receiv+ a signal1 ! noncommission$ (fic] = :om x is int5d$ %\ld at once repeat x back1 to be sure t x is correctly und]/ood4 ,z a rule1 ru%es %\ld be />t$ by a unit on "o flank & %\ld be foll[$ 9 succession by ! o!r units to ! opposite flank4 ,ea* succe$+ unit %\ld halt on ! l9e e/abli%$ by ! unit :i* fir/ ru%$4 ,:5 a unit is ab\t to ru%1 lead]s 9 *>ge ( adjac5t units %\ld caution _! m5 to be c>eful n to fire into ! ru%+ unit z x b\nds =w>d4 ,:5 "o unit susp5ds fire = ! purpose ( ru%+1 adjac5t lead]s %\ld arrange to h a portion ( _! m5 turn _! fire on ! t>get ( ! ru%+ unit1 to ! end t !re may be no portion ( ! enemy's l9e n "u fire & able to fire coolly on ! ru%+ unit4 ,ru%es %\ld be made = z long a di/ance z possible1 due reg>d be+ _h = ! w9d ( ! m5 & n to get beyond support+ di/ance ( ! o!r units4 ,long ru%es facilitate an advance1 & quickly place a skirmi% l9e close to ! enemy's position1 :]e its fire w h m effect4 ,an attack+ l9e suff]s less f casualties at %ort ranges ?an x does at mid range4 ,e advantage %\ld be tak5 to utilize ! cov] available4 ,! be/ k9d ( cov] is t :i*1 :ile x masks ! skirmi%]s f ! sight & fire ( ! enemy1 af=ds favorable conditions = fir+ & = readily advanc+4 ,9 ord] to all[ m5 to rega9 _! w9d1 or %\ld ! fire ( ! enemy be s effective z to prev5t a fur!r advance )\t re9=cem5t1 advantage may be tak5 to lie close 9 cov]1 or ha/y fire tr5*es may be ?r[n up 9 ord] to all[ ! l9e to ma9ta9 its position4 ,to g back "u fire is to die4 ,:5 a platoon is fir+1 all noncommission$ (fic]s wat* e opportunity to make ! fire m effective4 ,! section *iefs & corporals %\ld con/antly wat* ! m5 to see t !y d n become excit$1 fire too ha/ily or )\t aim1 t _! sights are set at ! correct range1 t !y are obvi\sly fir+ at ! designat$ t>get1 & t !y assume /eady fir+ positions & take advantage ( cov]4 ,9 p]=m+ ^! duties x may be necess>y = ! section *iefs to be con/antly crawl+ along ! l9e4 ,a sub/itute *ief assi/s ! *ief ( 8 section by sup]vis+ ! fire ( ! m5 ne> him1 fir+ :5 n actively engag$ 9 t duty4 ,bayonets are fix$ prep>atory to a *>ge :5 arm$ ) t weapon4 ,?is comm& is usually giv5 by ! bugle4 ,only two or ?ree m5 9 ea* section %\ld fix _! bayonets at ! same "t1 9 ord] t !re may be no m>k$ pause or dim9ution 9 ! fire at ?is critical /age ( ! engagem5t4 ,9 ord] to be effective 9 combat1 ! platoon mu/ be ?or\ghly tra9$ to "w z a team4 ,ea* noncommission$ (fic] mu/ be conv]sant ) ! signals & comm&s & ! prop] me?ods = in/antly putt+ into effect ! ord]s ( 8 platoon comm&]4 ,ea* private mu/ be tra9$ until he in/9ctively does ! "r ?+ 9 ea* phase ( ! action4 ,section #c4 ,patroll+4 ,! designation ( a patrol indicates ! nature ( ! duty = :i* x is detail$1 z1 = example1 visit+1 reconnoit]+1 explor+1 flank+1 combat1 h>ass+1 pursu+1 etc4 ,an ,infantry patrol consi/s1 z a rule1 ( f #c to #af m51 a ,cavalry patrol g5]ally ( f #d to #aj m54 ,reconnoit]+ patrols are habitually small & seek safety 9 concealm5t or flight1 fight+ only :5 _! mission dem&s x4 ,! mo/ skillful reconnoissance is :]e patrols accompli% _! mission & return )\t be+ discov]$ by ! enemy4 ,:5 resi/ance is expect$ /rong] deta*m5ts are requir$4 ,^! cov] !mselves ) small patrols ( two to f\r m51 ! rema9d] act+ z support4 ,! comm&] det]m9es ! numb] & /r5g? ( patrols & :5 !y are to be s5t out4 ,x is a c>d9al pr9ciple to s5d out patrols ( su* /r5g? only z w accompli% ! object4 ,! (fic] s5d+ out ! patrol v]ifies ! details1 designates a second 9 comm&1 & gives ! necess>y in/ruction4 ,! ord]s or in/ructions = a patrol1 or = any deta*m5t go+ on reconnoissance1 mu/ /ate cle>ly :]e ! enemy is or is suppos$ to be1 :at in=mation is desir$1 :at features are ( special importance1 ! g5]al direction to be foll[$1 :e!r fri5dly patrols are liable to be enc\nt]$1 & :]e messages are to be s5t or ! patrol is to report4 ,important & compreh5sive in/ructions %\ld be 9 writ+1 b precautions aga9/ capture ( pap]s mu/ be tak54 ,an (fic] s5d+ out a patrol mu/ be c]ta9 t 8 ord]s are und]/ood4 ,detail$ in/ructions are1 z a rule1 avoid$4 ,:5 necess>y ! "t ( return is /at$4 ,! patrol lead] %\ld be select$ ) c>e4 ,he %\ld be an excell5t horseman1 h good judgm5t1 c\rage1 be able to read maps1 make sket*es1 & s5d cle> & concise messages4 ,9 addition to 8 ord9>y equipm5t1 he %\ld h a map ( ! c\ntry1 a wat*1 field glass1 compass1 :i/le1 message blanks1 & p5cils4 ,! lead] ( a patrol %\ld c>efully inspect ! m5 & horses be=e />t+ out4 ,he %\ld see t ! horses are well %od & 9 good work+ condition4 ,n]v\s horses or ^? t neigh :5 left alone %\ld n be tak54 ,! equipm5t ( ea* man %\ld be complete & s arrang$ z to prev5t rattl+4 ,articles t are liable to glitt] 9 ! sunlight %\ld be cov]$4 ,no?+ %\ld be tak5 along t w\ld be ( in=mation to ! enemy if any memb]s ( ! patrol 7 captur$1 = example1 copies ( ord]s1 maps ) positions ( troops m>k$ !reon1 lett]s1 newspap]s1 or coll> ornam5ts4 ,! lead] !n gives 8 patrol in=mation & in/ructions4 ,^! embrace in/ructions f high] au?ority2 8 detail$ plans2 in=mation ( ! c\ntry & enemy2 ! c\nt]sign1 if any2 ! po9t :]e ! patrol w assemble if scatt]$4 ,he w see t ! m5 und]/& ! prescrib$ signals4 ,x mu/ always be rememb]$ t x makes no diff]5ce1 h[ valuable may be ! in=mation t ! patrol gets1 x is wor?less if n s5t back 9 "t to be ( s]vice4 ,h]e9 is :]e mo/ patrols fail4 ,?is applies p>ticul>ly to ! in=mation obta9$ by patrols act+ z a po9t or flank]s ( advance1 re>1 & flank gu>ds4 ,:5ev] ! patrol gets any in=mation1 ! lead] mu/ ?9k :e!r ! comm&+ (fic] w\ld *ange 8 plans or issue new ord]s if he _h ! in=mation4 ,if he w\ld1 ! in=mation %\ld be s5t back at once4 ,if ! di/ance is great or ! inhabitants are ho/ile1 x is well to s5d two m5 ) ! message4 ,^! m5 %\ld n travel side by side1 b z a patrol ( two m54 ,if ! in=mation is v important1 & ! dang] ( capture is consid]able1 ! message %\ld be s5t by two p>ties1 ea* travel+ by a diff]5t r\te4 ,! gaits %\ld be specifi$4 ,a message f a patrol %\ld always %[ 7a7 ! place f :i* x is s5t2 7b7 ! "t x is s5t 7date1 h\r1 & m9ute72 7c7 to :om x is s5t2 7d7 ! message itself2 7e7 :at ! patrol int5ds do+ aft] s5d+ ! message2 7f7 ! "n ( ! s5d]4 ,"u 7d7 c>e mu/ be tak5 to sep>ate :at has actually be5 se5 by ! patrol f in=mation receiv$ f o!r s\rces4 ,c>e mu/ also be tak5 n to exagg]ate :at is se51 b to report only ! exact facts4 ,:e!r mov+ or halt$1 patrols ex]cise ! greate/ vigilance to prev5t discov]y4 ,no =mal =mation is or %\ld be prescrib$4 ,"u ! lead]'s guidance x moves s z to gu>d aga9/ surprise1 usually ) po9t & flank]s4 ,to ext5d ! sph]e ( its obs]vation1 /ill small] patrols 7"o or two m57 may be s5t out = %ort di/ances1 communication ) ! lead] be+ ma9ta9$ by signals4 ,:atev] ! =mation adopt$1 x %\ld favor ! escape ( at lea/ "o man 9 case ( surprise4 ,9 patrols ( two to five m5 ! comm&] g5]ally leads4 ,9 ?is =mation few signals are necess>y1 ! m5 simply regulat+ _! movem5ts by 84 ,9 que/ion+ civilians caution is obs]v$ n to disclose in=mation t may be ( value to ! enemy4 ,/rang]s are n all[$ to prec$e ! patrol4 ,patrol lead]s are au?oriz$ to seize telegrams & mail matt]1 & to arre/ individuals1 report+ ! facts z soon z possible4 ,patrols %\ld obs]ve ev]y?+ = signs ( ! enemy4 ,ev5 app>5t trifles may be ( great value4 ,! f9d+ ( a coll> ornam5t %[+ a man's regim5t may enable ! *ief ( /aff to det]m9e t ! enemy has be5 re5=c$4 ,patrols %\ld n travel on ! ma9 roads if !y c obs]ve !m & at ! same "t make ! necess>y progress by mov+ "s di/ance to ! side ( ! roads4 ,except 9 case ( attack or ( great p]sonal dang]1 no memb] ( ! patrol %\ld fire on ho/ile troops )\t ord]s f ! patrol lead]4 ,:5 s5t out to ga9 in=mation1 patrols %\ld avoid fight+ unless x is absolutely necess>y 9 ord] to c>ry out _! ord]s4 ,if ! lead] det]m9es to fight1 he %\ld quickly decide :e!r he w attack m\nt$ ) ! sab] & ?us dispose pf ! enemy )\t ! noise ( fire action4 ,cases w arise :]e a quick m\nt$ pi/ol attack w obta9 ! be/ results4 ,if discov]$1 ! patrol w\ld dism\nt only z a la/ resort4 ,! lead] %\ld always h 9 m9d1 z he rides long1 :at he w d if he meets ! enemy4 ,villages & inclosures involv+ dang] ( surprise are ent]$ ) precaution1 & = brief p]iods only4 ,halts are made at po9ts af=d+ good view1 & ! c\ntry is /udi$ 9 all directions1 l&m>ks to ! re> be+ impress$ on ! m9ds ( ! m5 s t ! way back c be readily f\nd2 ! lead] consults 8 map & locates himself !reon4 ,:5 a patrol is scatt]$ x reassembles at "s place previ\sly select$2 if *eck$ 9 "o direction1 x takes ano!r2 if cut (f x returns by a det\r or =ces its way ?r\gh4 ,z a la/ resort x scatt]s s t at lea/ "o man may return ) in=mation4 ,patrols ne>+ _! own l9es %\ld m>* at a walk unless press$ by ! enemy4 ,occasionally x is advisable = ! lead] to conceal 8 patrol & cont9ue ! reconnaissance ) "o or two companions4 ,patrols f> f _! comm&s or 9 contact ) ! enemy (t5 rema9 out ov]night4 ,9 su* cases !y seek a place ( concealm5t1 proce$+ !reto aft] nightfall or "u cov]4 ,:5 ! enemy is enc\nt]$ x is v necess>y to locate 8 ma9 =ce4 ,in=mation is p>ticul>ly desir$ ( 8 /r5g?1 :e!r he has infantry1 cavalry1 & artill]y1 ! r\te & direction ( 8 m>*1 or ! location ( 8 camp & l9e ( outpo/s4 ,du/ cl\ds indicate mov+ bodies4 ,infantry raises a l[1 ?ick cl\d2 cavalry a high1 ?9 cl\d2 artill]y & wagons a brok5 cl\d4 ,! k9d ( troops1 direction ( m>*1 & approximate /r5g? may ?us sometimes be r\ghly e/imat$4 ,if f "s position a body ( troops c be se5 m>*+ along 9 column1 ! exact "t 9 m9utes & seconds x requires = !m to pass a c]ta9 po9t %\ld be not$1 toge!r ) ! =mation !y are 91 ?us3 ,infantry1 column ( squads1 ?ree m9utes & twelve seconds2 cavalry1 columns ( twos at a trot1 "o m9ute & tw5ty seconds2 wagons1 f\r-mule1 five m9utes4 ,f ?is in=mation ! /r5g? c be det]m9$ by ! foll[+ rule3 ,assum+ t infantry 9 column ( squads occupy half a y>d p] man1 cavalry 9 column ( f\rs #a y>d p] man1 & artill]y & wagons 9 s+le column #bj y>ds p] gun1 caisson1 or wagon1 a giv5 po9t w\ld be pass$ 9 "o m9ute by ab\t-- #age infantry4 #aaj cavalry at a walk4 #bjj cavalry at a trot4 #e guns1 caissons1 or wagons4 ,= troops 9 column ( twos1 take "o-half ( ! above e/imate4 ,patrols %\ld always obs]ve ! c\ntry m>*$ ov]1 ) a view to mak+ a report on ! same4 ,! foll[+ in=mation is always ( value3 ,roads4--,direction2 k9d1 :e!r dirt1 gravel1 macadam1 etc42 wid?1 :e!r suitable = column ( squads1 etc42 bord]1 :e!r f5c$ ) /one1 b>b$ wire1 rails1 etc42 /eepness 9 cross+ hills & valleys2 :]e !y pass ?r\gh defiles & along comm&+ heights1 etc42 crossroads4 ,surr\nd+ c\ntry4--,:e!r g5]ally op5 & passable = infantry1 cavalry1 & artill]y1 or :e!r brok5 & impassable1 due to f5ces1 woods1 crops1 rav9es2 :e!r good graz+ is available1 etc4 ,railroads4--,s+le or d\ble track1 n>r[ or broad gauge1 tunnels1 bridges1 cuts1 direction1 /ations1 etc4 ,bridges4--,mat]ial1 wood1 /one1 /eel1 etc42 l5g? & bread?2 numb] & k9d ( pi]s or supports4 ,riv]s4--,direction2 wid?1 dep?2 k9d ( bottom1 su* z mud1 s&1 rocky1 etc42 banks1 /eep or g5tle1 op5 or wood$2 rapidity ( curr5t2 v>iations 9 dep? at diff]5t times z indicat$ by driftwood & high-wat] m>ks2 isl&s2 heights 9 vic9ity comm&+ /reams4 ,woods4--,ext5t & %ape2 k9d ( trees2 free f und]bru% or n2 cle>+s1 roads1 swamps1 rav9es1 etc4 ,telegraph l9es4--,numb] ( wires1 along roads or railroads1 /ations1 etc4 ,villages4--,size1 k9d ( h\ses1 nature ( /reets1 means ( def5se1 etc4 ,hills & ridges4--,:e!r scopes are g5tle or /eep2 :e!r top is n>r[ or wide2 :e!r gr\nd is brok5 or smoo?1 wood$ or cle>2 :e!r difficult or easy to cross1 etc42 :e!r comm&$ by o!r hills4 ,defiles4--,_! direction1 l5g?1 & wid?2 :e!r surr\nd+ heights are passable = infantry & artill]y3 k9d ( c\ntry at ea* op5+ ( ! defile1 etc4 ,rav9es1 dit*es1 etc4--,wid? & dep?2 banks1 :e!r passable = infantry1 cavalry1 & wagons2 :e!r suitable = tr5*es1 or = movem5t ( troops !re91 etc4 ,9 g5]al1 e soldi] %\ld be con/antly on ! look\t to obta9 in=mation t might be ( "s milit>y value4 ,rememb] t in=mation ( ! enemy & ( ! c\ntry is wor?less unless made kn[n to ! prop] (ficials 9 "t to be ( use4 ,e soldi] %\ld be able to f9d 8 way 9 a /range c\ntry2 %\ld "k h[ to use a compass2 %\ld "k h[ to locate ! ,nor? ,/>2 %\ld be able to travel across c\ntry1 keep+ a giv5 direction1 bo? by day & by night1 & by obs]v+ l&m>ks he %\ld be able to return to ! />t+ po9t ei!r ov] ! same r\te or by a m circuit\s "o4 ,?is c easily be le>n$ by a little practice4 ,x adds a great deal to ! value ( a soldi] if he kn[s h[ to use a map to f9d 8 way4 ,if he kn[s h[ to make a r\gh sket* ( ! c\ntry %[+ ! position ( roads1 /reams1 woods1 railroads1 bridges1 h\ses1 villages1 fields1 f5ces1 hills1 etc41 he has add$ to 8 value z a soldi] v mu*1 inde$1 because a r\gh sket* ( a c\ntry w give m & bett] in=mation at a glance ?an c be obta9$ by read+ _m pages ( writt5 description4 ,patroll+ is "o ( ! mo/ important duties a soldi] c le>n4 ,any enli/$ man :o und]/&s ?or\ghly 8 duties z a memb] ( a patrol w und]/& also mo/ ( 8 duties :5 ) advance or re> gu>ds or :5 on outpo/ duty4 ,patroll+ c n be le>n$ m]ely by read+ books nor by "w indoors4 ,?or\ghness comes only by actually go+ out 9 ! c\ntry & act+ z a patrol4 ,9 c>ry+ out ?is idea ! foll[+ s*eme is recomm5d$3 ,let f\r or m m5 & a noncommission$ (fic] act z a patrol4 ,!y assemble at a c]ta9 "t1 at a conv5i5t po9t on "s c\ntry road4 ,an (fic]1 :om we w call ,capta9 ,a1 acts z ! director2 ! noncommission$ (fic]1 :om we w call ,s]geant ,b1 acts z patrol lead]2 & ! o!rs 7,privates ,c1 ,d1 ,e1 etc47 act z memb]s ( ,s]geant ,b's patrol4 ,assume t ! troop 7squadron1 etc47 has j made camp 9 ?is vic9ity & t ! inhabitants are fri5dly 7or ho/ile74 ,capta9 ,a indicates to ! re/ ( ! m5 :]e ! camp is situat$ & po9ts out :]e ! v>i\s s5t9els are po/$4 7,?is 9 itself af=ds an opportunity = mu* discussion & = tea*+ _m valuable lessons47 ,capta9 ,a !n calls up ,s]geant ,b & tells him-- 7a7 ,j :at in=mation ,capta9 ,a has ( ! enemy1 & also any in=mation ( ! c\ntry or ( fri5dly troops 9 ! vic9ity t might be ( s]vice to ,s]geant ,b4 7b7 ,h[ _m m5 he %all take = ! patrol 7?is is ano!r problem = ,capta9 ,a to solve74 ,any m5 pres5t n us$ z "p ( ! patrol ride along ) ,capta9 ,a z obs]v]s4 7c7 ,h[ f> he %all g & :at c\ntry he %all cov] ) ! patrol4 7d7 ,j :at in=mation x is p>ticul>ly desir$ he %all obta94 7e7 ,:]e he %all s5d 8 messages & :5 he %all return4 ,example #a3 ,s]geant ,b1 x has j be5 report$ to me t a company ( ho/ile infantry 0 9 camp la/ night at ,x1 ab\t #e miles f "h on ?is road4 ,take #e m5 & proce$ t[>d ,x & f9d out :e!r ! enemy is /ill !re1 & if n1 :5 he left & :]e he w5t4 ,s5d messages to me "h1 & return by #h o'clock ?is ev5+4 ,example #b3 ,s]geant ,b1 ,i ?9k ,i he>d ! fir+ ( field guns ov] 9 t direction a %ort :ile ago4 ,take #f m5 & proce$ to t high hill y see ov] !re ab\t #d miles away4 ,s5d a message to me "h :5 y rea* !re4 ,y may g f>!r if y !n ?9k x advisable1 b return be=e daylight4 ,i desire p>ticul>ly to "k if !re are any ho/ile troops 9 ?is vic9ity1 especially artill]y4 ,i %all s5d ,s]geant ,x ) #c m5 to obs]ve ! c\ntry f t hill y see ov] !re f>!r to ! s\?4 ,he w rema9 !re till d>k4 ,s5d messages to me "h4 ,if ! troop is n "h on y\r return y w f9d a note = y und]nea? ?is rail4 ,example #c3 ,s]geant ,b1 ?is fri5dly c\ntry boy has j report$ t f\r ho/ile cavalrym5 /opp$ ab\t half an h\r ago at 8 fa!r's h\se1 :i* he says is ab\t #b miles up ?is road4 ,"o ( ! m5 seem$ to be v sick4 ,y w select eight m5 f y\r section & endeavor to capture ^! m54 ,if !y h disappe>$ y w reconnoit] 9 t vic9ity until d>k4 ,?is boy w accompany y z a guide4 ,he w ride ,private ,x's horse4 ,i desire p>ticul>ly to le>n ! position1 /r5g?1 & composition ( any ho/ile troops 9 ?is vic9ity4 ,s5d reports to me "h4 ,return be=e daylight4 ,example #d3 ,s]geant ,b1 "h is a map ( ! c\ntry 9 ?is vic9ity on a scale ( #a in* to ! mile4 ,"h is :]e we are camp$ indicat+ position on ! map4 ,i h j le>n$ t =ag+ p>ties ( ! enemy are collect+ supplies ov] "h at ,x indicat+ po9t on map1 :i* is #aj miles (f 9 t direction po9t+ across c\ntry t[>d ,x4 ,x is report$ t ?is bridge ov] ?is /ream indicat+ same on ! map1 :i* is ab\t #c miles d[n ?is road indicat+ road & direction on ! gr\nd1 has be5 de/roy$4 ,y w take ?ree m5 f y\r platoon & v]ify ?is report4 ,y w also reconnoit] ! /ream = a di/ance ( #c miles bo? above & bel[ ! bridge = =ds suitable = infantry4 ,messages w rea* me "h4 ,return by #h o'clock to-night4 ,s]geant ,b !n inspects 8 horses & m5 & gives !m _! in/ructions4 ,! patrol is !n =m$ & moves out exactly z x w\ld "u actual w> conditions4 ,capta9 ,a may halt 7& assemble if desirable7 ! patrol at int]vals 9 ord] to discuss ! =mation us$ & ! movem5t ( any memb]s ( ! patrol1 _! r\te1 use ( cov]1 etc41 ) ! reasons !re=1 & comp>e ! same ) sugge/$ modifications ( ! =mations1 etc4 ,aft] ! discussion1 ! patrol is aga9 set 9 motion4 ,capta9 ,a may accompany any "p ( ! patrol4 ,f "t to "t he pres5ts c]ta9 situations to "s memb] ( ! patrol1 be+ v c>eful to assume only su* situations z might naturally occur4 ,?us1 take ,example #a3 ,capta9 ,a is ) ,s]geant ,b1 :o1 ) ,private ,c1 is m>*+ along ! road z ! po9t ( ! patrol4 ,! o!r memb]s ( ! patrol are di/ribut$ to suit ! nature ( ! c\ntry ov] :i* ! patrol is m>*+4 ,! po9t has j rea*$ a ridge beyond :i* ! c\ntry is op5 & cultivat$ = ab\t half a mile4 ,beyond ?is ! road ent]s a woods4 ,capta9 ,a n[ says3 ,s]geant ,b1 f ?is po9t y see two soldi]s 9 khaki on ! road !re at ! beg9n+ ( t cornfield ab\t #bjj y>ds f ! woods po9ts out same4 ,!y are mov+ 9 ?is direction4 ,ab\t #bjj y>ds to ! "r ( ^! & some:at f>!r to _! re> y see two m m5 mov+ along t rail f5ce4 ,s]geant ,b n[ does exactly z he w\ld d 9 actual w>4 ,h[ does he signal to 8 patrol8 ,does he assemble 8 m58 ,if s1 h[ & :]e8 ,does he s5d a message back to camp2 & if s1 by :om1 & is x writt5 or v]bal8 7,if writt51 ,s]geant ,b actually writes x & deliv]s x to ,private ----1 ) ! necess>y in/ructions4 ,if v]bal1 x is actually giv5 to ,private ---- ) in/ructions47 ,capta9 ,a mu/ 9 ?is case make notes ( :at ! message 04 ,9 ei!r case1 ,private ---- ceases to be a memb] ( ! patrol & jo9s ,capta9 ,a z an obs]v]4 ,he %\ld1 h[ev]1 at "s lat] "t be requir$ to repeat 8 message to ,capta9 ,a1 on ! assumption t he _h rea*$ camp ) ! same4 ,! message1 :e!r oral or writt51 %\ld be ?or\ghly analyz$ & discuss$4 ,0 x prop] to s5d a message at ?is "t8 ,does ,s]geant ,b int5d to rema9 9 obs]vation2 if s1 h[ long8 7,capta9 ,a c give su* in=mation f "t to "t conc]n+ ! ho/ile patrol z ,s]geant ,b might reasonably be suppos$ to le>n 9 view ( 8 dispositions4 ,9 ord] t ,capta9 ,a may pres5t natural assumptions1 x is v ess5tial t 9 8 own m9d he %\ld1 at ! outset1 assume a situation = ! ho/ile =ces & t he %\ld consid] himself z 9 comm& ( all ho/ile troops4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> case he %\ld assume himself to be 9 comm& ( ! ho/ile patrol1 act+ "u c]ta9 specifi$ ord]s simil> to examples giv51 & he %\ld conduct ?is patrol 9 8 own m9d 9 accordance ) ^! ord]s1 giv+ ,s]geant ,b only su* in=mation z he might reasonably be expect$ to obta9 9 view ( :atev] action ,s]geant ,b takes47 ,w ,s]geant ,b attempt to capture ?is patrol8 ,if s1 h[8 ,w he avoid fight+ & attempt to pass x unobs]v$2 & if s1 h[ & :y8 ,9 ?is mann] ! ex]cise is cont9u$4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to h ! patrol lead] or memb]s /ate :at !y w\ld d1 b !y mu/ actually d x4 ,explanations & discussions may take place lat]4 ,9 a simil> mann] ! director may in=m ,s]geant ,b 7or any memb] ( ! patrol7 t ?is ho/ile patrol is foll[$ by a squad 7on ! assumption t x is ! lead+ unit ( an advance gu>d71 & ! ex]cise is !n cont9u$ along ^! l9es4 ,! foll[+ are examples ( assumption t might be made & c>ri$ out3 7a7 ,t ! patrol is unexpect$ly fir$ ^u4 7b7 ,t "o or m ( ! patrol is w\nd$4 7c7 ,t a prison] is captur$ 7let an obs]v] act z prison]74 7d7 ,t a fri5dly inhabitant gives c]ta9 in=mation4 7e7 ,t a du/ cl\d is se5 9 ! di/ance ov] ! trees4 7f7 ,t a column ( troops c be se5 m>*+ along a di/ant road4 7g7 ,t an ab&on$ camp is discov]$ & c]ta9 signs not$4 7h7 ,t ! patrol is attack$ by a sup]ior =ce & compell$ to scatt]4 ,!re is practically no end to ! numb] ( reasonable assumptions t may be made4 ,troop (fic]s may use ?is me?od ( in/ruct+ noncommission$ (fic]s 9 patroll+1 advance & re> gu>d duty1 outpo/s1 & 9 squad lead+1 9 writ+ messages1 9 select+ positions = tr5*es1 & 9 con/ruct+ & conceal+ same4 ,?is =m ( in/ruction is call$ a tactical ride or1 if dism\nt$1 a tactical walk4 ,x is v greatly us$ by all =eign armies4 ,ex]cises along ! same g5]al l9es are conduct$ = field & /aff (fic]s & ev5 g5]al (fic]s1 & are call$ tactical rides & /rategical rides1 dep5d+ ^u _! object4 ,aft] "s pr(ici5cy has be5 atta9$ z a result ( ^! tactical rides1 ! greate/ int]e/ & en?usiasm c be awak5$ 9 ?is "w by s5d+ out two patrols ! same day1 "o to op]ate aga9/ ! o!r4 ,ea* %\ld we> a di/9ctive uni=m4 ,! /r5g? ( ea* patrol1 its />t+ po9t1 r\te to be foll[$1 & its ord]s %\ld all be unkn[n to ! o!r patrol4 ,if blank ammunition is us$1 an (fic] %\ld sup]vise its issue & c>efully inspect to see t no man c>ries any ball c>tridges4 ,"o umpire %\ld accompany ! comm&] ( ea* p>ty4 ,ea* umpire %\ld be fully in=m$ ( ! /r5g?1 ord]s1 & r\te ( bo? patrols4 ,he mu/1 h[ev]1 c>efully avoid giv+ sugge/ions or (f]+ any in=mation to ! comm&]4 ,obs]v]s 9 ^! small maneuv] problems are g5]ally 9 ! way & none %\ld be p]mitt$ to be along4 ,^! small maneuv]s may be gradually develop$ by hav+ "o side e/abli% an outpo/ or fight a delay+ action1 etc4 ,x %\ld always be rememb]$ t !re is no h>d & fa/ rule prescrib+ h[ a patrol ( ?ree1 five1 or any numb] ( m5 %\ld m>*4 ,! same is equally true ( advance gu>ds1 & applies also to ! e/abli%m5t ( outpo/s4 ,x is simply a "q ( common s5se bas$ on milit>y k4 ,don't try to rememb] any diagrams 9 a book4 ,?9k only ( :at y h be5 ord]$ to d & h[ be/ y c h&le y\r m5 to accompli% y\r mission1 & at ! same "t save ! m5 & horses f any unnecess>y h>d%ips4 ,nev] use two or m m5 to d :at "o c d j z well1 & don't let y\r m5 get beyond y\r control4 ,9 addition to ! signals prescrib$ 9 ! ,cavalry ,drill ,regulations1 ! foll[+ %\ld be cle>ly und]/ood by ! memb]s ( a patrol3 ,enemy 9 sight 9 small numb]s1 hold rifle above ! head horizontally2 enemy 9 =ce1 same proce$+1 rais+ & l[]+ ! rifle sev]al times2 take cov]1 a d[nw>d motion ( ! h&4 ,o!r signals may be agre$ ^u1 b !y mu/ be famili> to ! m52 complicat$ signals are avoid$4 ,signals mu/ be us$ cauti\sly s z n to convey in=mation to ! enemy4 ,section #d4 ,advance gu>ds4 ,! advance gu>d is a deta*m5t ( ! ma9 body :i* prec$es & cov]s x on ! m>*4 ,! prim>y duty ( an advance gu>d is to insure ! safe & un9t]rupt$ m>* ( ! ma9 body4 ,specifically its duties are3 #a4 ,to gu>d aga9/ surprise & furni% in=mation by reconnoit]+4 #b4 ,to pu% back small p>ties ( ! enemy & prev5t _! obs]v+1 fir+ ^u1 or delay+ ! ma9 body4 #c4 ,to *eck ! enemy's advance 9 =ce long en\gh to p]mit ! ma9 body to prep>e = action4 #d4 ,:5 ! enemy is enc\nt]$ on ! def5sive1 to seize a good position & locate 8 l9es1 c>e be+ tak5 n to br+ on a g5]al engagem5t unless ! advance gu>d comm&] is emp[]$ to d s4 #e4 ,to remove ob/acles1 repair ! road1 & favor 9 e way ! /eady1 m>* ( ! column4 ,! /r5g? ( ! advance gu>d w v>y ) ! proximity ( ! enemy & "* ( ! c\ntry2 = a regim5t x w g5]ally consi/ ( f two troops to a squadron1 = a squadron ( "o troop2 = a troop ( f a section to a platoon4 ,! advance gu>d comm&] is responsible = ! prop] p]=mance ( ! duties ) :i* x is *>g$ & = its conduct & =mation4 ,! advance gu>d provides = its security & ga9s in=mation by ?r[+ out to ! front & flanks small] bodies3 ,ea* "p mu/ keep 9 t\* ) ! unit f :i* x is s5t out4 ,an advance gu>d is g5]ally divid$ into a res]ve & a support2 :]e x consi/s ( less ?an a squadron1 ! res]ve is g5]ally omitt$4 ,! support s5ds =w>d an advance p>ty1 :i*1 9 turn1 s5ds =w>d a po9t4 ,9 small advance gu>ds ! po9t prec$es ! advance p>ty ab\t #cej y>ds1 ! advance p>ty ! support ab\t #ejj y>ds1 & ! support ! ma9 body ab\t #fjj y>ds4 ,:]e advance gu>ds are l>ge en\gh to require a res]ve ^! di/ances are increas$ ab\t "o-f\r?1 ! res]ve foll[+ ! support1 ! ma9 body foll[+ ! res]ve at a di/ance v>y+ f #ejj to #hjj y>ds4 ,unless ! c\ntry to ! flanks is di/9ctly visible f ! roads = a di/ance ( :at may be said to be effective rifle fire1 approximately #a1jjj y>ds1 flank+ patrols ( two or ?ree m5 ea* %\ld be s5t out f ! advance p>ty1 &1 :5 9 proximity ( ! enemy1 9 addition f ! support4 ,:5 ! nature ( ! c\ntry is su* t patrols may move across c\ntry1 )\t unduly delay+ ! m>* ^! patrols %\ld m>* at a di/ance ( f #ejj to #fjj y>ds f ! flank ( ! body f :i* deta*$4 ,= ! exam9ation ( any object1 su* z a wood1 build+s1 etc41 exam9+ patrols %\ld be s5t out f ! ma9 body4 ,! usual me?od ( protect+ ! flanks1 p>ticul>ly :5 ! c\ntry is at all cut up or difficult1 is to s5d out patrols f "t to "t to "s po9t f :i* a good outlook c be obta9$1 or :i* w af=d protection to ! enemy4 ,^! patrols rema9 9 obs]vation1 obs]v] be+ dism\nt$1 8 horse held by ano!r troop] until ! advance gu>d has pass$1 :5 !y rejo9 ! ne>e/ subdivision1 z quickly z possible work+ _! way to t to :i* !y belong dur+ ! halts or by rid+ up ! side ( ! road4 ,by s5d+ out a succession ( small patrols 9 ?is mann] ! flanks are protect$4 ,%\ld ! advance p>ty become deplet$1 x mu/ be re5=c$ f ! support4 ,a squadron act+ z advance gu>d w\ld h two or ?ree troops 9 res]ve & "o or two 9 support4 ,! support w\ld s5d =w>d z advance p>ty two platoons1 ! advance p>ty 9 turn s5d+ =w>d z po9t "o section4 ,a troop act+ z advance gu>d w\ld h no res]ve & w\ld s5d =w>d z advance p>ty "o platoon4 ,all ,( ! above may be *ang$ z circum/ances w>rant4 ,cases may arise :5 ! be/ means ( cov]+ ! head & flanks ( ! column w be by a l9e ( skirmi%]s ext5d$ at int]vals ( f #e to #ej y>ds1 z1 = in/ance1 :5 pass+ ?r\gh high corn1 und]bru%1 etc4 ,x mu/ always be rememb]$ t ! pr9cipal duty ( ! advance gu>d is to secure ! un9t]rupt$ m>* ( ! ma9 body4 ,if ! po9t is fir$ ^u1 x %\ld at once deploy & endeavor to advance fight+4 ,! flank]s %\ld assi/ 9 ?is & endeavor to locate ! enemy's flank %\ld !re be su* resi/ance t advance 0 impossible4 ,ea* succe$+ body %\ld m>* promptly =w>d1 & 9 turn be plac$ 9 action1 ) ! idea ( cle>+ ! way = ! advance ( ! ma9 body4 ,%\ld ?is be impossible1 ! comm&] ( ! entire body mu/ det]m9e :at measures he w take4 ,section #e4 ,re> gu>ds4 ,a re> gu>d is a deta*m5t detail$ to protect ! ma9 body f attack 9 re>4 ,cavalry is an excell5t arm = re> gu>d duty on acc\nt ( its mobility4 ,:ile "p ( ! cavalry is us+ dism\nt$ fire action1 ! o!r "p may gallop back & take up a new position4 ,9 a retreat x *ecks pursuit & enables ! ma9 body to increase ! di/ance betwe5 x & ! enemy & to re-=m if disorganiz$4 ,! g5]al =mation is t ( an advance gu>d rev]s$4 ,its comm&] %\ld take advantage ( e favorable opportunity to delay ! pursu]s by ob/ruct+ ! road1 or by tak+ up specially favorable positions f :i* to =ce ! enemy to deploy4 ,9 ?is latt] case c>e mu/ be tak5 n to become s closely engag$ z to r5d] )drawal unnecess>ily difficult4 ,! position tak5 %\ld be select$ ) ref]5ce to ease ( )drawal & ability to br+ ! enemy "u fire at long range4 ,section #f4 ,flank gu>ds4 ,a flank gu>d is a deta*m5t detail$ to cov] ! flank ( a column m>*+ pa/1 or across ! front (1 an enemy4 ,x may be plac$ 9 position to protect ! passage1 or x may be s m>*$ z to cov] ! passage4 ,! object ( ! flank gu>d is to hold ! enemy 9 *eck long en\gh to enable ! ma9 body to pass1 or1 l ! advance gu>d1 to enable ! ma9 body to deploy4 ,l all o!r deta*m5ts1 x %\ld be no l>g] ?an is necess>y1 & %\ld n be detail$ except :5 its protection is requir$4 ,:5 a flank gu>d consi/s ( a regim5t or less1 its di/ance f ! ma9 body %\ld n be mu* ov] #e miles4 ,practicable communication mu/ exi/ betwe5 x & ! ma9 body4 ,! flank gu>d is m>*$ z a sep>ate comm&2 t is1 ) advance or re> gu>ds1 or bo?1 z circum/ances dem&1 & ) patroll+ on ! expos$ flank4 ,section #g4 ,outpo/s4 ,troops n on ! m>* provide = _! security by outpo/s4 ,! g5]al duties ( an outpo/ are reconnoissance1 obs]vation1 & resi/ance4 ,! specific duties are3 #a4 ,to protect ! ma9 body1 s t ! troops may re/ undi/urb$4 #b4 ,9 case ( attack1 to *eck ! enemy long en\gh to enable ! ma9 body to make ! necess>y dispositions4 ,dur+ an advance ! outpo/s are usually detail$ f ! advance gu>d4 ,dur+ ! retreat ! outpo/s = ! night usually =ms ! re> gu>d ! next day4 ,if ! comm& rema9s 9 biv\ac1 ! new outpo/ g5]ally goes on duty at daybreak4 ,! vigilance ( outpo/ troops mu/ be unceas+1 b !y %\ld avoid br++ on combats or unnecess>ily al>m+ ! comm&4 ,fir+ di/urbs ! re/ ( troops &1 if frequ5tly indulg$ 91 ceases to be a w>n+4 ,no trumpet signals except to arms or to horse are s\nd$1 & all unnecess>y noises mu/ be avoid$4 ,z a rule an outpo/ w n exce$ "o-six? ! /r5g? ,( a comm&4 ,= a s+le troop a few s5t9els & patrols w suffice2 = a l>g] comm& a m elaborate sy/em mu/ be devis$4 ,! troops compos+ ! outpo/ are g5]ally divid$ into a res]ve & sev]al supports4 ,at a prop] di/ance 9 front ( ! camp ( ! ma9 body a l9e :i* (f]s a good def5sive position is select$4 ,?is is call$ ! l9e ( resi/ance1 & %\ld be s locat$ t an advanc+ enemy w be held 9 *eck beyond effective rifle range 9 case ( a small =ce1 artill]y range 9 case ( a l>ge =ce1 ( ! ma9 body until ! latt] c deploy4 ,! res]ve is /ation$ at "s po9t 9 re> ( ?is l9e1 :]e x c be mov$ quickly to re9=ce any po9t z ne$$4 ,! l9e ( resi/ance is divid$ into sections1 ! limits ( ea* ( :i* are cle>ly def9$4 ,a support is assign$ to ea* section1 :i* are numb]$ f "r to left1 & occupies a position on or ne> ! l9e1 hav+ special reg>d to cov]+ av5ues ( approa*4 ,! position occupi$ %\ld always be intr5*$4 ,! res]ve & supports proce$ to _! respective positions by ! %orte/ r\tes1 provid+ = _! own protection by s5d+ out cov]+ deta*m5ts4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ab\t "o-half ! ,infantry ( ! advance gu>d %\ld be 9 ! supports4 ,z ea* support arrives at its position x s5ds out obs]vation gr\ps1 v>y+ 9 size f f\r m5 to a platoon1 to wat* ! c\ntry 9 ! direction ( ! enemy4 ,^! gr\ps are call$ outgu>ds4 ,= conv5i5ce !y are classifi$ z pickets1 s5try squads1 & cossack po/s1 & %\ld be suffici5t 9 numb] to cov] ! front ( ! section occupi$ by ! support & connect ) ! neighbor+ supports4 ,! horses ( ! outgu>ds may be left at ! position ( ! support4 ,a picket is a gr\p consi/+ ( "o or two sections1 ord9>ily n exce$+ half a company1 po/$ 9 ! l9e ( outpo/s to cov] a giv5 sector4 ,x furni%es patrols & "o or m s5t9els1 s5try squads1 or cossack po/s = obs]vation4 ,pickets are plac$ at ! m important po9ts 9 ! l9e ( outgu>ds1 su* z road =ks4 ,! /r5g? ( ea* dep5ds ^u ! numb] ( small gr\ps requir$ to obs]ve prop]ly its sector4 ,a s5try squad is a squad 7eight m57 po/$ 9 obs]vation at an indicat$ po9t4 ,x po/s a d\ble s5t9el 9 obs]vation1 ! rema9+ m5 re/+ ne> by & furni%+ ! reliefs ( s5t9els4 ,9 "s cases x may be requir$ to furni% a patrol4 ,a cossack po/ consi/s ( f\r m54 ,x is an obs]vation gr\p simil> to a s5try squad1 b employs a s+le s5t9el4 ,z a rule n m ?an "o-?ird ( ! support %\ld be on outgu>d duty4 ,z soon z !y are s5t out to _! positions ! support comm&] selects a def5sive position on ! l9e ( resi/ance2 gives in/ruction = intr5*+ same2 e/abli%es a s5t9el to wat* = & transmit signals f outgu>ds2 s5ds out patrols to reconnoit] ! c\ntry to ! front ( 8 section &1 if on ! flank ( ! l9e1 ! flank2 & !n proce$s to make a c>eful reconnoissance ( ! section assign$ him1 rectify+ ! position ( outgu>ds if necess>y1 see+ t !y und]/& _! in/ructions 9 case ( attack or :5 /rang]s approa* _! po/s1 & po9t+ out _! l9es ( retreat 9 case !y are compell$ to fall back on ! support4 ,:5 ! outgu>ds are e/abli%$1 ! memb]s ( ! support may /ack arms & remove equipm5t except c>tridge belts4 ,"p ( ! horses may be unsaddl$ & groom$ & f$ at "o "t4 ,all gir?s %\ld be loos5$4 ,no fires w be built or smok+ p]mitt$ unless specially au?oriz$1 or no l\d talk+ or o!r noise4 ,all patroll+ to ! front w be done1 z a rule1 f ! support4 ,! support comm&] %\ld locate ! position ( ! adjac5t supports & make arrangem5ts ) ! comm&]s = ! jo9t def5se ( ! l9e ( resi/ance4 ,at nights all roads & trails %\ld be c>efully cov]$ & ! c\ntry to ! front & betwe5 adjac5t outgu>ds well patroll$4 ,horses %\ld1 z f> z possible1 be p]mitt$ to re/1 unsaddl$1 at night4 ,! l9e occupi$ by ! outgu>ds is call$ ! l9e ( obs]vation4 ,outgu>ds move to _! positions provid+ = _! own protection & s z to conceal ! movem5t f ! enemy4 ,^! positions are intr5*$ & are numb]$ f "r to left 9 ea* support4 ,! duties ( ! outgu>d are to obs]ve ! enemy1 to gu>d ! outpo/ f surprise1 & to make a prelim9>y resi/ance to ! enemy's advance4 ,! /r5g? ( ! outgu>d w v>y accord+ to its object4 ,:5 an important road1 :i* at night w af=d a l9e ( advance1 or a bridge is to be cov]$1 or :5 sev]al po/s are e/abli%$ f an outgu>d x %\ld be ( consid]able /r5g?1 a section or a platoon4 ,:5 m]e obs]vation & al>m are all t is requir$ f\r m5 w suffice4 ,"o corporal & sev5 privates are a good numb] to use z an outgu>d2 ?is w all[ "o d\ble s5try po/ ( ?ree reliefs & "o man 9 addition to ! comm&]1 :o may be us$ = mess5g] s]vice4 ,! outgu>d %\ld be c>efully conceal$4 ,! utmo/ quiet %\ld be obs]v$1 & !re %\ld be no cook+ or smok+4 ,! int]vals betwe5 outgu>ds w dep5d ^u ! situation & ! t]ra94 ,! l9e ( obs]vation is n necess>ily cont9u\s1 b all av5ues ( approa* mu/ be c>efully gu>d$4 ,! di/ance ( ! outgu>d f ! support likewise is gov]n$ by ! t]ra91 b 9 g5]al may be said to be f #cjj to #djj y>ds4 ,9 ?ick c\ntry or at night outgu>ds patrol along ! l9e ( obs]vation betwe5 po/s4 ,communication betwe5 outgu>ds & ! support is by signal & mess5g]1 9 special cases by wire4 ,memb]s ( ! outgu>d reta9 possession ( _! weapons & d n remove _! equipm5t4 ,s5t9els f ! outgu>d are po/$ s z to avoid obs]vation1 b s t !y may h a cle> look\t & be able to see1 if possible1 by day1 ! s5t9els ( ! adjac5t outgu>ds4 ,d\ble s5t9els are always po/$ ne> en\gh to ea* o!r to communicate easily 9 ord9>y voice4 ,s5t9els are g5]ally on po/ two h\rs out ( six4 ,= e s5t9el & e patrol !re %\ld be ?ree reliefs1 & outgu>ds %\ld be ( a /r5g? suffici5t to all[ ?is4 ,! position ( a s5t9el %\ld be select$ ) ref]5ce to obs]vation4 ,x may be advantage\s to place a s5t9el 9 a tree4 ,s5t9els furni%$ by cossack po/s or s5try squads are kept ne> _! gr\p4 ,^? furni%$ by _! pickets may be kept z f> z #ajj y>ds away4 ,reliefs1 visit+ patrols1 & inspect+ (fic]s approa* s5t9els f ! re>4 ,a s5t9el on ! l9e ( obs]vation %\ld always h ! foll[+ in/ructions3 ,! names ( villages1 /reams1 & prom95t features 9 sight & :]e ! roads lead4 ,! numb] 7if any7 ( 8 po/1 & ! numb] ( 8 & ( ! adjo9+ outgu>ds2 ! position ( ! support2 ! l9e ( retreat to be foll[$ if ! outgu>d is compell$ to fall back2 ! position ( advance deta*m5ts & :e!r fri5dly patrols are op]at+ 9 front2 to wat* to ! front & flanks )\t int]mission & devote special att5tion to unusual or suspici\s occurr5ces2 if he sees indications ( ! enemy1 to at once notify 8 imm$iate sup]ior2 9 case ( imm95t dang]1 or :5 an attack is made1 to give ! al>m by fir+ rapidly2 by day to pass 9 or out (fic]s1 noncommission$ (fic]s1 & deta*m5ts recogniz$ z "p ( ! outpo/s1 & (fic]s kn[n to h au?ority to d s2 to deta9 all o!rs & notify ! outgu>d comm&]2 at night1 :5 p]sons approa* 8 po/1 to come to a ready1 halt !m1 & notify ! outgu>d comm&]2 ! latt] *all5ges1 asc]ta9s _! id5tity1 & acts accord+ly4 ,:5 individuals fail to halt1 or o!rwise disobey1 to fire ^u !m aft] a second w>n+1 or soon] if !y attempt to attack or escape2 to require des]t]s to lay d[n _! arms1 & rema9 until a patrol is s5t out to br+ !m 92 to ord] des]t]s pursu$ by ! enemy to drop _! arms & to give an al>m2 if !y fail to obey !y are fir$ ^u2 to require be>]s ( flags ( truce & _! escorts to halt & to face outw>d2 to p]mit !m to hold no conv]sation & to see t !y are !n bl9dfold$ & dispos$ ( 9 accordance ) in/ructions f ! support comm&]2 if !y fail to obey to fire ^u !m2 at night1 to rema9 practically /ation>y1 mov+ ab\t = purposes ( obs]vation only2 n to sit or lie d[n unless au?oriz$ to d s2 9 ! daytime1 to make use ( natural or artificial cov] & assume su* positions z to give him ! be/ field ( view2 to in=m pass+ patrols ( :at he has se52 to c>ry 8 weapon habitually load$ & lock$ & at w4 ,outpo/ patrols are divid$ into ^? :i* op]ate beyond ! l9es & ^? ^: duty lies pr9cipally )9 ! l9es4 ,! =m]1 call$ reconnoit]+ patrols1 sc\t 9 ! direction ( ! enemy2 ! latt]1 call$ visit+ patrols1 ma9ta9 communication betwe5 ! p>ts ( ! outpo/ & sup]vise ! p]=mance ( duty on ! l9e ( obs]vation4 ,reconnoissance %\ld be cont9u\s4 ,?\gh sc\ts & deta*m5ts ( cavalry rema9 9 contact ) ! enemy1 or at lea/ pu% =w>d to a consid]able di/ance1 m detail$ reconnoissance by infantry patrols 9 ! =egr\nd mu/ n be neglect$4 ,reconnoit]+ patrols are compos$ ( at lea/ two m5 & a skillful lead]1 :o1 9 important cases1 w\ld be an (fic]4 ,!y obta9 in=mation1 asc]ta9 ! pres5ce ( ! enemy1 or discov] 8 approa*4 ,all patrols1 :5 !y cross ! l9e ( obs]vation1 in=m ! ne>e/ s5t9el ( ! direction 9 :i* !y are to advance2 on _! return !y simil>ly report :at !y h se5 ( ! enemy2 signals are agre$ ^u s t !y c be recogniz$ :5 return+4 ,any gr\nd ne> ! l9e ( obs]vation :i* might af=d cov] = troops1 or = sc\ts or spies1 & ! approa* to :i* c n be obs]v$ by s5t9els1 is se>*$ frequ5tly by patrols4 ,def9ite in=mation conc]n+ ! enemy is report$ at once4 ,patrols fire only 9 self-def5se or to give ! al>m4 ,supports on ! flank ( an outpo/ position patrol ! c\ntry on ! expos$ flank4 ,visit+ patrols & reliefs %\ld n m>* 9 ! op5 & !reby expose ! position ( s5t9els4 ,dur+ a m>* 9 ! vic9ity ( ! enemy :5 halts are made1 special measures = protection are tak54 ,:5 ! halt is = a %ort p]iod1 less ?an half an h\r1 ! advance p>ty & support rema9 at ease1 ! po9t & flank]s move to positions f :i* !y c obta9 a good look\t1 & additional patrols may be s5t out f advance p>ties & supports4 ,:]e ! halt is = a p]iod exce$+ half an h\r a m>* outpo/ %\ld be =m$4 ,) an advance gu>d consi/+ ( a squadron1 "o troop z support & ?ree z res]ve1 a sugge/$ =m ( m>* outpo/ might be =m$ z foll[s3 ,! lead+ platoon mov+ to ! front at a trot = #djj y>ds w\ld be outgu>d ,no4 #b2 ! next platoon 9 re>1 mov+ to ! "r at a trot = ab\t #fjj to #hjj y>ds w\ld be outgu>d ,no4 #a2 ! next platoon1 mov+ to ! left 9 ! same mann] w\ld be outgu>d ,no4 #c2 & ! #d? platoon w\ld be ! support ( ! m>* outpo/4 ,! res]ve 7#c troops7 w\ld be ! res]ve ( ! m>* outpo/4 ,on signal be+ giv5 to resume ! m>*1 ! v>i\s units w\ld close 9 at a trot or gallop1 & z soon z ! support _h assembl$ ! m>* w\ld be resum$4 ,section #h4 ,rifle tr5*es4 ,soldi]s %\ld rememb] t only by act+ vigor\sly on ! (f5sive c an army hope to ga9 ! victory4 ,! def5sive may delay or /op ! enemy1 b x c nev] de/roy him4 ,troops dig because !y are =c$ to halt2 !y d n halt to dig4 ,tr5*es w frequ5tly be con/ruct$1 )\t be+ us$1 & soldi]s mu/ expect ?is z a feature ( campaign+ & accept *e]fully :at at times may appe> z unnecess>y labor4 ,:5 intr5*+ "u fire cov] is fir/ secur$ 9 ! ly+ position1 ea* man scoop+ b a depression = 8 body & ?r[+ ! e>? to ! front4 ,9 ?is position no excavation c be conv5i5tly made = ! legs1 b if "t p]mits ! orig9al excavation is enl>g$ & deep5$ until x is possible to assume a sitt+ position1 ) ! legs cross$ & ! %\ld] to ! p>apet4 ,9 su* apposition a man pres5ts a small] t>get to %rapnel bullets ?an 9 ! ly+ tr5* & c fire m com=tably & ) less exposure ?an 9 ! kneel+ tr5*4 ,f ! sitt+ position ! excavation may be cont9u$ until a /&+ tr5* is secur$4 ,! accompany+ plate %[s "s ( ! m common =ms ( tr5*es 9 pr(ile4 ,figure #a is ! simple/ =m ( /&+ tr5*4 ,figure #b %[s ! same tr5* deep5$ 9 re>1 s z to all[ m5 to walk along 9 ! re> 7deep]7 portion ( ! tr5* )\t expos+ _! heads above ! p>apet4 ,figure #c %[s a cov] & fir+ tr5*1 ) a *amb] 9 :i* m5 c f9d %elt] :5 "u heavy artill]y fire4 ,:5 ! excavat$ e>? is easily remov$ figure #d %[s a good pr(ile4 ,! enemy's infantry1 z well z 8 artill]y1 w g5]ally h great difficulty 9 see+ ?is type ( tr5*4 ,! m\nd or bank ( e>? ?r[n up = %elt] 9 front ( a tr5* is call$ ! p>apet4 ,x %\ld be at lea/ #cj in*es ?ick on top1 & ! front %\ld slope gradually1 z %[n 9 ! plate1 s t %ells w t5d to glance f x1 r ?an p5etrate & explode4 ,! top %\ld be cov]$ ) sod1 grass1 or leaves1 s z to hide ! newly turn$ e>?1 :i* c\ld be easily se5 & aim$ at by ! enemy4 ,!re %\ld be no rocks1 loose /ones1 or pebbles on top1 :i* might be /ruck by ! bullets1 spl9t]+ & fly+1 ?us add+ greatly to ! numb] ( dang]\s projectiles1 & (t5 deflect+ bullets d[nw>d into ! tr5*4 ,a /one wall is a v dang]\s ?+ to be beh9d 9 a fight4 ,! portion ( ! gr\nd 9 re> ( ! p>apet & betwe5 ! p>apet & ! tr5* n cov]$ by ! p>apet is to re/ ! elb[s on :5 fir+1 ! rifle be+ re/$ on top ( ! p>apet4 ,to obta9 head cov] 9 a tr5* fill a gunny sack or o!r bag ) s& or soil & place x on top ( ! p>apet1 aim+ ar\nd ! "r-h& side ( x1 or dig a small lat]al tr5* 9 ! p>apet1 l>ge en\gh to hold ! rifle4 ,ro( x ov] ) bo>ds1 small logs1 or bru%1 & heap dirt on top1 aim+ ?r\gh ! small tr5* or result+ loophole4 ,figure #e %[s ! plan ( a section ( a rifle tr5*4#aj ,betwe5 ! portions occupi$ by ea* squad !re is (t5 plac$ a m\nd ( e>? z high z ! top ( ! p>apet & project+ back into ! tr5*4 ,?is is call$ a trav]se & protects ! occupants ( ! tr5* f fire f a flank4 ,bullets f ?is direction hit a trav]se1 in/ead ( fly+ d[n into ! tr5* & w\nd+ sev]al m54 ,footnote #aj3 ,! trav]se %\ld be at lea/ #f feet wide in/ead ( #c feet1 z %[n 9 figure #e4 ,tr5*es are seldom cont9u\s1 b are made 9 sections plac$ at ! mo/ advantage\s po9ts1 z %[n 9 figure #f4 ,a company or battalion may occupy a s+le section4 ,! fir+ tr5*es h cov] tr5*es 9 re> ( !m1 :]e ! supports c re/ undi/urb$ by ! ho/ile fire until !y are ne$$ 9 ! fir+ tr5* to repel a s]i\s assault or to take "p 9 a c\nt] attack4 ,passages consi/+ ( deep communicat+ tr5*es facilitate passage f ! cov] tr5*es to ! fir+ tr5*es :5 "u fire4 ,^! communicat+ tr5*es are usually zigzag or trav]s$ to prev5t _! be+ swept by ho/ile fire4 ,:5 troops are likely to rema9 9 tr5*es = a consid]able "t dra9age %\ld be arrang$ =1 & latr9es & dress+ /ations %\ld be con/ruct$ 9 tr5*es4 ,wat] %\ld be br\ght into ! tr5*es & holes excavat$ 9 ! front wall ( ! tr5* = extra ammunition4 ,9 digg+ tr5*es m5 usually "w 9 reliefs1 "o relief digg+ :ile ! o!rs re/1 ! proportion ( %ovel]s to pickm5 be+ ab\t #c to #a4 ,if a pl[ c be obta9$ to turn ! sod1 x w greatly facilitate ! initial "w ( digg+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a1 ,fig4 #b1 ,fig4 #c1 ,fig4 #d1 ,fig4 #e1 ,fig4 #f1 ,plate ,v4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,m>*+ ,,& ,,camp+4 ,section #a4 ,break+ camp & prep>ation = a m>*4 ,,! ,,ev5+ ,,be=e ,,! ,,m>*4 ,:5 a comm& le>ns t x is to make a m>* on ! foll[+ day1 presumably />t+ e>ly 9 ! morn+1 c]ta9 details %\ld be att5d$ to ! ev5+ be=e4 ,all m5 %\ld fill _! cante5s1 z !re w probably be no "t = ?is 9 ! morn+4 ,! mess s]geant %\ld f9d out :e!r lun* or ! res]ve ration w be c>ri$ on ! m>*1 & %\ld att5d to ^! details 9 ! ev5+ 9 ord] t ! issue c be made promptly 9 ! morn+4 ,! /able s]geant w h ! /able detail fill all ( ! fe$ bags = ! morn+'s fe$1 & ! section lead]s w see t ea* ( _! m5 has fill$ 8 gra9 bag ) ! noon fe$ = ! foll[+ day4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d %\ld be giv5 a memor&um z to :at "t to awak5 ! cooks & :]e _! t5t is4 ,! memb] ( ! gu>d :o does ?is %\ld awak5 !m )\t noise1 s z n to di/urb ! re/ ( ! rema9d] ( ! comm&4 ,! cooks %\ld be in/ruct$ z to :at "t breakfa/ is to be s]v$ & :at "t to awak5 ! fir/ s]geant4 ,! cooks or cooks' police mu/ cut & split all firewood = ! morn+ be=e #i p4 m4 ,!re mu/ be no *opp+1 talk+1 or rattl+ ( pans be=e reveille :i* w di/urb ! re/ ( ! comm&4 ,?is applies to e morn+ 9 camp4 ,,! ,,morn+ ,,( ,,! ,,m>*4 ,cooks arise :5 call$ by ! gu>d & />t ! prep>ation ( breakfa/ )\t noise4 ,! fir/ s]geant & /able s]geant are usually awak5$ by "o ( ! cooks ab\t half an h\r be=e reveille 9 ord] t !y may complete _! toilets & breakfa/ e>ly & be able to devote all _! "t to sup]vis+ ! details ( ! morn+'s "w4 ,if ! (fic]s desire to be awak5$ be=e reveille !y w notify ! fir/ s]geant accord+ly4 ,at fir/ call ! m5 turn out1 p]=m _! toilets1 /rike _! %elt] t5ts 7unless x has be5 direct$ to await ! s\nd+ ( ! g5]al = ?is71 & make up _! packs4 ,! /able detail fe$s ! horses4 ,at ! s\nd+ ( assembly imm$iately aft] reveille ea* man mu/ be 9 8 prop] place 9 ranks1 except ! kit*5 & /able details :o are actually at "w4 ,?is assembly is "u arms4 ,! fir/ s]geant />ts to call ! roll or comm&s ,report at ! la/ note ( assembly4 ,arms are /ack$ be=e ! troop is dismiss$4 ,breakfa/ is s]v$ to ! troop imm$iately aft] roll call4 ,imm$iately aft] breakfa/ ea* man w wa% 8 mess kit 9 ! hot wat] provid$ = t purpose at ! kit*5 & w at once pack ! mess kit 9 8 saddlebags4 ,! cooks w provide hot wat] = wa%+ mess kits at ! same "t t breakfa/ is s]v$4 ,imm$iately aft] breakfa/ ! troop proce$s to ! "w ( break+ camp & pack+ 9 accordance ) a pre>rang$ sy/em simil> to ! foll[+3 ,"o section assi/s ! cooks 9 pack+ ! kit*54 ,"o section /rikes & folds ! (fic]s' t5ts & br+s !m to ! kit*54 ,"o section fills 9 ! s9k4 ,! s9k %\ld n be fill$ 9 e>li] ?an is absolutely necess>y4 ,! /able detail police ! picket l9e & vic9ity4 ,"o section polices ! camp )9 ! company police limits4 ,"o section is available = possible details f regim5tal headqu>t]s4 ,(fic]s & fir/ s]geant sup]vise ! "w4 ,a p]man5t assignm5t ( squads to ^! duties light5s ! labor & decreases ! "t necess>y = break+ camp4 ,boots & saddles %\ld n be s\nd$ be=e all ( ! above "w has be5 complet$1 & )\t confusion4 ,don't beg9 ! day by nagg+ y\r m51 !reby mak+ !m gr\*y dur+ ! m>*4 ,always be mo/ c>eful to groom all p>ts ( y\r horse t w be t\*$ by ! equipm5t be=e y beg9 to saddle up4 ,m5 %\ld n />t f camp ?ir/y1 b %\ld dr9k all ! wat] !y want imm$iately aft] breakfa/4 ,all cante5s %\ld be fill$ be=e m>*+4 ,section #b4 ,m>*es1 camps4 ,,g5]al ,,provisions4 #igg4 ,! successful conduct ( a m>* is "o ( ! sure/ te/s ( ! ability & good judgm5t1 n only ( ! comm&]1 b ( all subord9ate (fic]s z well4 ,c]ta9 g5]al pr9ciples & "s exact rules are laid d[n to fit ! case ( a normal m>*1 b tactical consid]ations z well z ! condition ( roads & wea!r1 ! necess>y =age1 wat] & %elt]1 sanitation1 & o!r circum/ances r5d] a m>* ( any consid]able body ( m\nt$ troops "o requir+ ! mo/ unremitt+ att5tion to details on ! "p ( ! comm&] & 8 subord9ates4 ,a successful ,cavalry m>* :e!r 9 peace or w> is "o t places ! m5 & horses at ! "t & place ne$$ 9 ! be/ possible condition = ! s]vice requir$4 ,failure ( m\nt$ troops to successfully c>ry out a mission is due z a rule to exhau/ion or injuries to ! horses r ?an to ! m54 ,! tra9+ ( (fic]s ( all grades mu/ be su* t solicitude = ! condition ( horses on ! m>* is second nature2 con/ant ef=t %\ld be made1 h[ev] sev]e ! "w1 to /imulate ! pride ( ! troop] 9 hav+ & 9 keep+ 8 m\nt 9 fit condition2 if su* /imulus is ineffective !n ! rem$y1 if ! troop] is at fault1 lies 9 o!r directions4 ,"u favorable conditions field s]vice (f]s ! be/ opportunity = condition+ ! horses & h>d5+ ! m54 #igh4 ,prep>ation3 ,responsibility = ! timely ord]+ ( necess>y prep>ations prelim9>y to leav+ a p]man5t camp or /ation re/s ) ! comm&]4 ,all probable ne$s ( ! comm& = ! s]vice on :i* ord]$ %\ld be anticipat$1 in/ructions prep>$1 v]ifi$1 & issu$ once 9 complete =m1 & no dep>ture !refrom p]mitt$4 ,! m>* ord] prop] = ! actual movem5t ( ! comm& con=ms to ! requirem5ts ( ,field ,s]vice ,regulations4 ,an ord] or memor&um ( s]vice calls w be issu$ & di/ribut$ 9 ample "t ! night be=e beg9n+ a m>* /at+ ! h\r = reville1 /ables1 & breakfa/ & su* o!r duties z c reasonably be anticipat$4 ,except on acc\nt ( imp]ative milit>y reasons1 ,cavalry %\ld n leave camp = an h\r or m aft] daylight4 ,if graz+ is dep5d$ ^u1 ?is is especially necess>y1 s9ce horses z a rule graze m freely 9 ! e>ly morn+ :5 re/$4 ,ample "t %\ld be all[$ aft] reville = groom+ & fe$+ & !reaft] = ! m5 to breakfa/4 ,all /able duties %\ld be done quietly & )\t hurry or confusion "u ! imm$iate sup]vision ( troop & squadron comm&]s4 ,9 ea* troop a man is detail$ to walk ! picket l9e :ile gra9 is be+ f$1 to look out = ! horses g5]ally & to take (f ! fe$ or ! nose bag ( a horse z soon z he has f9i%$ fe$+4 ,! signals = /rik+ t5ts 7! g5]al71 = polic+1 saddl+1 & beg9n+ ! m>* %\ld be ord]$ p]sonally by ! comm&+ (fic] & only :5 ! duties p]ta9+ to ! previ\s signal are complet$4 #igi4 ,! m>*1 its l5g? & rate3 ,! av]age daily m>* ( a ,cavalry column ( ! size ( a squadron1 or l>g]1 is ab\t #be miles :5 horses are 9 condition2 :5 />t+ on long-di/ance m>*es ! rate p] day = ! fir/ few days %\ld be less ?an #bj miles & gradually increas$4 ,^! rules may necess>ily be modifi$1 ev5 :5 horses are n 9 fit condition1 by reason ( em]g5cies1 "* ( roads or wea!r1 proximity ( wat]1 graz+1 etc41 b1 ) ^! exceptions1 ! "q ( ! l5g? ( ! daily m>* is "o ( good judgm5t & exp]i5ce on ! "p ( ! comm&]4 ,! gait & pace ( ! daily m>* are influ5c$ by bo? ! "t ! horse is to c>ry ! load & ! di/ance to be cov]$4 ,! quick] a m>* c be complet$ )\t =c+ ! less ! fatigue to bo? horse & man4 ,:]e ! foot+ is good1 ! road level1 & o!r consid]ations d n hamp] ! column1 aft] ! fir/ or a subsequ5t halt1 may advance fir/ by lead+ dism\nt$1 !n m\nt & walk1 !n trot1 a %ort gallop 7exceptional71 !n ! trot1 foll[$ by ! walk to ! next halt4 ,no gait is to be ma9ta9$ cont9u\sly long en\gh to we>y ei!r horse or man1 nei!r mu/ x be *ang$ too frequ5tly 9 long columns2 b :atev] pace or gait is tak5 x %\ld con=m to ! /&>ds 7p>4 #bgi74 ,! (fic] sett+ ! pace %\ld occasionally drop back to obs]ve its effect on ! column1 & vet]9>ians1 if pres5t1 %\ld be habitually utiliz$ = ?is purpose4 ,! walk1 if ! foot+ is good1 %\ld be at ! rate ( #d miles p] h\r1 exclusive ( halts2 ! trot at #h miles p] h\r1 s z to facilitate po/+2 ! gallop1 a v exceptional gait ev5 = small comm&s1 %\ld be n fa/] ?an ! maneuv]+ gallop 7p>4 #bcf71 & its practicability w dep5d ^u ! tra9+ & condition ( ! horses1 s9ce on long m>*es1 unless accu/om$ to ?is gait ) pack$ saddles1 ! horses w soon break d[n4 ,v r>ely1 h[ev]1 w ! conditions all[ ! regul> arrangem5t ( gaits indicat$ above4 ,roll+ c\ntry1 ) asc5ts & desc5ts1 /ret*es ( h>d or /ony road or ( mud1 du/1 or s&1 cross+s ( /reams1 etc41 w ord9>ily impose correspond+ *anges ( gait or pace on ea* ( ! small elem5ts ( ! column z x rea*es !m4 ,to provide = ?is ! troops 9 r\te column1 :5 s direct$1 take great] di/ances ?an prescrib$ 9 ord] to all[ = clos+ up at *ecks4 ,! comm&] mu/ give ?is matt] unremitt+ att5tion1 s9ce normal r\te-ord] di/ances 9 column frequ5tly entail discom=t to ! m5 & sometimes injuries to ! horses :i* might h be5 avoid$4 ,unless "u exceptional circum/ances1 ! comm&] ( a m>*+ column w au?orize ea* troop comm&] to s regulate ! gait & pace ( 8 troop z to con=m to t next 9 front1 ! gait & pace ( ! lead+ troop be+ regulat$ by ! comm&] himself4 ,?is results 9 ea* troop *ang+ to ! trot1 walk1 lead+ dism\nt$1 etc41 at ! same place at :i* ! lead+ troop did1 & al?\gh regulation di/ances1 are frequ5tly exce$$1 ! t5d5cy on all /ret*es ( good road is to close on ! lead+ troop ( ! column4 ,) c>e ?is me?od ( m>*+ %\ld result 9 enabl+ ea* troop 9 ! column to move ) almo/ ! same regul>ity & fre$om f *ecks z ?\gh x 7 9 ! lead4 ,! fa/ rate ( m>* t c be expect$ ( small deta*m5ts & ( s+le rid]s c n be dem&$ ( a long ,cavalry column1 & z ! comm& increases 9 size ! rate ( m>* w decrease4 ,! regulation gaits be+1 at ! walk1 #d miles1 ! trot1 #h miles1 ,cavalry %\ld be able to make1 includ+ halts1 #e miles p] h\r or bett]4 ,?is rate c be ma9ta9$ = daily m>*es ( #be miles "u ord9>y conditions = a week at a "t1 aft] :i* a day ( re/ %\ld be all[$ be=e cont9u+ ! m>*4 #ihj4 ,=mations3 ,! habitual =mation = m>*es is r\te ord] 9 column ( f\rs 7p>4 #ged74 ,:5 ! roads are unsuitable or ! comm& is small1 column ( twos or troop]s is p]missible4 ,to economize road space 9 l>ge comm&s d\ble column or p>allel columns %\ld be us$ if practicable4 ,squadrons 9 regim5t & troops 9 squadrons alt]nate 9 lead+1 ! rule be+ t ! "o 9 front "o day automatically foll[s 9 re> ! next day4 #iha4 ,halts3 ,! fir/ half h\r ( a m>* %\ld be made at a walk & ! fir/ halt ( #aj or #ae m9utes t[>d ! end ( ! fir/ h\r aft] />t+2 x %\ld1 if possible1 be prec$$ by a %ort trot 9 ord] to make app>5t any faulty adju/m5t ( equipm5t4 ,?is halt gives an opportunity = ! horses to /ale & = ! troop]s to att5d to ! calls ( nature1 to tight5 gir?s1 & to adju/ saddles1 equipm5t1 & clo?+4 ,o!r halts ( #e to #aj m9utes %\ld be made at h\rly int]vals1 &1 if ! m>* is to be prolong$ into ! aft]noon1 a long] halt %\ld be made at noon1 :5 gir?s are loos5$1 bridles remov$1 horses f$1 & ! m5 eat _! lun*es4 ,an inv>iable rule on ! m>* & 9 camp is to h all troop]s dism\nt promptly on halt+2 9 o!r words1 nev] to p]mit a man to sit a mom5t 9 ! saddle :ile 8 horse is /&+ /ill1 & "u no circum/ances to l\nge 9 ! saddle4 #ihb4 ,wat]+3 ,on ! m>* horses %\ld be wat]$ :5ev] opportunity occurs1 con=m+ z f> z practicable to ! rule ( wat]+ be=e fe$+ & ( remov+ ! bit :5 by s do+ ! horse c dr9k m freely1 z :5 ! /ream or wat]+ place is %all[4 ,public wat]+ tr\ghs %\ld ord9>ily be avoid$ on acc\nt ( dang] f infection4 ,! use ( buckets or ( portable1 collapsible canvas wat]+ tr\ghs 7articles ( issue7 w (t5 make wat]+ places o!rwise insuffici5t ?or\ghly satisfactory4 ,on ! m>* & 9 camp wat]+ is always done "u sup]vision ( an (fic]4 #ihc4 ,fe$+3 ,9 "t ( peace :5 a regul> supply ( gra9 & long =age c be c\nt$ on1 ef=t %\ld be made to foll[1 z f> z practicable1 ! r\t9e to :i* horses h be5 accu/om$ 9 g>rison4 ,9 "t ( w> regul>ity ( supply ( =age1 & especially ( ! long =age1 c n be expect$1 & (fic]s mu/ neglect no opportunity ( anticipat+ ! ne$s ( _! animals :5 pass+ gra9 fields1 pa/ures1 or /acks ( hay & o!r fodd]4 ,a supply = ! night c (t5 be ga!r$ & c>ri$ along on ! wagons or x may be ti$ up compactly ) ! l>iat & c>ri$ on ! horse4 ,! troop] ) habitual solicitude = 8 m\nt w1 if p]mitt$1 be prompt to remove ! bits to let 8 horse graze 7fac+ ! w9d 9 hot wea!r7 at e delay or *eck1 & he w miss no *ance to pick up an extra fe$ ( gra94 #ihd4 ,camps 7see also ,c>e ( ,troops1 ,f4 ,s4 ,r473 ,! gr\nd be+ suitable1 a troop encamps 9 l9e1 ) fir/ s]geant's cook & (fic]s' t5ts on "o flank1 ! m5's s9k on ! o!r1 & ) picket l9e #ae y>ds 9 front ( & p>allel to ! m5's t5ts1 ! op5 ends ( ! t5ts t[>d ! picket l9e4 ,a squadron or regim5t encamps 9 column ( troops z above1 b ) picket l9es on ! flank ( ! column on ! side opposite ! cook & (fic]s' t5ts1 ea* 9 prolongation ( its own company /reet4 ,int]vals & di/ances %\ld approximate ^? ( ! normal semip]man5t camps 7,f4 ,s4 ,r471 if space is available4 ,= a %elt]-t5t camp 9 column ( troops ) picket l9es /ret*$ betwe5 ! r[s ( t5ts ! guidons :i* m>k fir/ s]geants' t5ts %\ld n be less ?an #ae y>ds ap>t4 ,! squadron or regim5t may encamp 9 l9e simil>ly to ! troop if ! gr\nd is m favorable = su* =m ( camp1 b ord9>ily !y encamp 9 column ( troops ) picket l9es betwe5 ! r[s ( t5ts4 #ihe4 ,on ne>+ ! end ( a day's m>*1 ! regim5tal comm&] w s5d 8 adjutant & supply (fic] ahead to locate ! camp & provide = ! arrival ( ! column3 ,on approa*+ ! camp+ place1 squadron adjutants & ! guidon ( ea* troop w be summon$ by ! colonel's bugl] s\nd+ adjutant's call foll[$ by guidons 7or o!rwise accord+ to circum/ances74 ,at ^! calls ea* squadron adjutant foll[$ by ! guidons ( 8 squadron w move rapidly to ! front & w jo9 ! regim5tal adjutant1 :o indicates to ea* ! gr\nd :i* 8 squadron is to occupy4 ,if ! available gr\nd is suffici5t to encamp ! entire regim5t z prescrib$ 9 ! ,field ,s]vice ,regulations1 ! regim5tal adjutant causes ! guidons to be align$ & plant$ at ! prescrib$ int]vals1 !reby m>k+ ! fir/ s]geant's t5t on ! flank ( ea* troop1 o!rwise ea* squadron adjutant has ! guidons ( 8 squadron s plac$ on ! gr\nd allott$ to 8 squadron z to con=m1 z ne>ly z conditions w p]mit1 to ! normal camp1 hav+ 9 view ! com=t ( horses & m5 & conv5i5ce to supplies4 ,! object 9 m>k+ (f ! camp z prescrib$1 by e/abli%+ ! guidons be=e ! arrival ( ! column1 is to relieve ! horse ( 8 rid] & pack z soon z possible4 ,to fur!r m9imize delay1 comm&+ (fic]s1 unless "u exceptional circum/ances1 w1 imm$iately on rea*+ ! gr\nd1 direct majors to dismiss _! squadrons & h _! troop comm&]s proce$ directly to _! guidons1 dism\nt at once1 & pit* camp4 ,! =ego+ pr9ciples w also1 9 s f> z applicable1 be en=c$ by comm&]s ( all units small] ?an ! regim5t4 ,! regim5tal supply (fic] has ! driv]s ( ! baggage section ( ! regim5tal tra9 g direct to _! prop] troops & unhit*4 ,ord9>ily1 = conv5i5ce 9 a "o-night camp or biv\ac ! wagons ( ! baggage section are left betwe5 ! cook t5ts & ! troop (fic]s' t5ts1 ! supply section be+ p>k$ outside by itself4 ,aft] arrival at ! camp+ place a gu>d is at once plac$ ov] ! s\rce ( supply ( dr9k+ wat]4 ,be=e pit*+ t5ts ! rifles are /ack$1 sab]s1 rolls1 saddle bags1 & l>iats remov$ f ! saddles1 gir?s loos5$ 7! saddles be+ left on until backs are cool$71 & ! horses ei!r l9k$ by section1 9 circle 7p>4 #dbh71 or c\pl$ head & tail 7p>4 #dbg71 & a man detail$ to wat* !m until t5ts are pit*$4 ,aft] pit*+ t5ts1 /acks are brok51 rifles plac$ 9 ! t5ts1 horses unsaddl$1 unbridl$1 & ti$ on ! l9e or h]d$1 saddles plac$ 9 a r[ 9 front ( ! t5ts & saddle blankets spread on !m to dry1 fuel secur$1 s9ks dug1 & o!r necess>y prep>ations made = ! night4 ,! use ( saddle blankets z b$d+ by ! m5 w be p]mitt$ only "u v exceptional conditions1 & special c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to keep !m free f dirt & burs4 ,dur+ ev5+ /ables1 troop comm&]s1 accompani$1 if practicable1 by a vet]9>ian1 inspect ! backs & feet ( _! horses1 & 9 ! morn+ !y p]mit no troop] :o is n specially au?oriz$1 to saddle 8 horse be=e ! call boots & saddles1 or to m\nt be=e ! comm& = s do+4 #ihf4 ,h]d+3 ,9 a ho/ile c\ntry camps %\ld be select$1 if possible1 :]e graz+ is good & beyond rifle range ( cov] = an enemy4 ,ord]s are issu$ z to places ( assembly1 & 9 ea* troop m5 are detail$ be=eh& to g among ! horses & quiet !m 9 case ( a night al>m4 ,9 ! ev5t ( a /amp$e1 m5 %\ld m\nt ! fa/e/ animals )9 rea*1 ride ahead ( ! h]d1 & lead x back to camp4 ,sometimes ! s\nd+ ( /able & wat] call w prev5t or *eck a /amp$e4 ,9 case x is necess>y to graze ! horses 9 an enemy's c\ntry1 !y are s5t out to h]d "u *>ge ( an (fic] z soon z possible aft] mak+ camp1 !y be+ tak5 dur+ daylight z f> away z is safe s z to keep ! grass ne>] camp = ! night4 #ihg4 ,=c$ & night m>*es3 ,to conduct a rapid m>* ( a comm& ( any magnitude successfully1 horses mu/ be 9 condition 7p>s4 #iej1 #iei7 & m5 mu/ h be5 tra9$ 7p>4 #age72 if ei!r is lack+1 ! daily m>*es at fir/ mu/ be %ort4 ,a night m>*1 be+ sl[ & fatigu+ to horses & m51 is seldom und]tak5 unless z a =c$ m>* to seize a position or to surprise an enemy by attack+ him at dawn4 ,9 a =c$ m>* frequ5tly ! gait1 if ! foot+ is favorable1 & always ! numb] ( h\rs 9 ! saddle1 are increas$4 ,"u favorable conditions a rate ( #ej miles 9 #bd h\rs = ?ree or f\r days c be ma9ta9$4 ,dur+ su* a m>*1 9 addition to ! usual h\rly halts1 a halt ( #b h\rs is made t[>d ! end ( ! fir/ half ( ea* day's m>*1 dur+ :i* bits are remov$1 horses unsaddl$1 wat]$1 f$1 & _! legs h& rubb$2 ! rate %\ld be ab\t #e miles an h\r1 exclusive ( halts4 ,"u v favorable conditions a s+le m>* ( #ajj miles c be made 9 f #bd to #cj h\rs4 ,dur+ a m>* ( ?is "*1 9 addition to ! usual h\rly halts1 halts ( #b h\rs are made t[>d ! end ( ! fir/ & second ?irds ( ! m>*1 dur+ :i* bits are remov$1 ! horses unsaddl$1 wat]$1 f$1 & _! legs h& rubb$2 ! rate ( m>* %\ld be f #e to #f miles an h\r1 exclusive ( halts4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,t>get ,,practice4 ,section #a4 ,prelim9>y tra9+ 9 m>ksman%ip4 ,effective rifle fire is g5]ally :at c\nts mo/ 9 battle4 ,to h effective rifle fire1 ! m5 on ! fir+ l9e mu/ be able to ,,hit :at !y are ord]$ to %oot at4 ,!re is no man :o c n be taught h[ to %oot4 ,x is n necess>y or ev5 desirable to beg9 in/ruction by fir+ on a rifle range4 ,a p]fectly gre5 recruit :o has nev] fir$ a rifle may be made into a good %ot by a little in/ruction & "s prelim9>y drills & ex]cises4 ,be=e a man goes on ! range to fire x is absolutely necess>y t he %\ld "k-- #a4 ,h[ to set ! re> sight4 #b4 ,h[ to sight or aim4 #c4 ,h[ to squeeze ! trigg]4 #d4 ,h[ to hold ! rifle 9 all positions4 ,if he does n "k ^! ?+s x is worse ?an useless = him to fire4 ,he w n improve2 ! m he %oots ! worse he w %oot1 & x w become m difficult to tea* him4 ,section #b4 ,sight adju/m5t4 ,m5 mu/ be able to adju/ _! sights correctly & quickly4 ,an error 9 adju/m5t s small t "o c sc>cely see x on ! sight leaf is suffici5t to cause a miss at an enemy at #ejj y>ds & ov]4 ,notice y\r re> sight4 ,:5 ! leaf is laid d[n ! battle sight appe>s on top4 ,?is sight is set = #edg y>ds & is n adju/able4 ,:5 ! leaf is rais$ f\r sights come into view4 ,! extreme range sight = #b1hej y>ds at ! top ( ! leaf is seldom us$4 ,! op5 sight at ! upp] edge ( ! drift slide is adju/able f #a1djj to #b1gej y>ds4 ,to set x ! upp] edge ( ! slide is made to correspond ) ! range read+ on ! leaf1 & ! slide is !n clamp$ ) ! slide screw4 ,?is sight also is seldom us$4 ,! op5 sight at ! bottom ( ! triangul> op5+ 9 ! drift slide is adju/able f #ajj to #b1dej y>ds4 ,to set x ! index l9e at ! l[] corn]s ( ! triangle is set opposite ! range graduation on ! leaf & ! slide clamp$4 ,?is & ! peep sight j bel[ x are ! sights mo/ commonly us$4 ,to set ! peep sight1 ! index l9es on ei!r side ( ! peephole are set opposite ! range desir$ & ! slide clamp$4 ,notice ! scales = ! v>i\s ranges on ei!r side ( ! face ( ! leaf4 ,! odd-numb]$ hundr$s ( y>ds are on ! "r & ! ev5 on ! left4 ,! l9e bel[ ! numb] is ! index l9e = t range4 ,?us to set ! sight = #ejj y>ds ! index l9e ( ! slide is br\ght 9 exact l9e ) ! l9e on ! leaf bel[ ! figure #e & ! slide clamp$4 ,to set = #eej y>ds ! index l9es ( ! slide are set halfway betwe5 ! index l9es on ! leaf bel[ ! figure #e on ! "r side & ! figure #f on ! left side4 ,look at y\r sight c>efully :5 sett+ x & take great pa9s to get x exact4 ,an error 9 sett+ ! wid? ( "o ( ! l9es on ! leaf w cause an error ( ab\t #h in*es 9 :]e y\r bullet w /rike at #ejj y>ds4 ,! w9d gauge is adju/$ by means ( ! w9dage screw at ! "r front end ( ! base ( ! sight4 ,ea* graduation on ! w9d-gauge scale is call$ a po9t4 ,= conv5i5ce 9 adju/+ ! l9e ( ea* ?ird po9t on ! scale is long] ?an ! o!rs4 ,if y turn ! w9dage screw s t ! movable base moves to ! "r1 y are tak+ "r w9dage1 :i* w cause y\r rifle to %oot m to ! "r4 ,x is seldom t a rifle w %oot correctly to ! po9t aim$ at at a giv5 range ) ! sights adju/$ exactly to ! scale graduations = t range4 ,if y\r sight is n correctly adju/$ = y\r %oot+ & y wi% to move x slightly to make x correct1 rememb] to move x 9 ! direction y wi% y\r %ot to hit4 ,if y wi% to %oot high] raise y\r sight4 ,if to ! "r1 move ! w9d gauge to ! "r4 ,always move y\r sight ! correct am\nt 9 accordance ) ! foll[+ table3 ,section #c4 ,table ( sight corrections4 ,%[+ to :at ext5t ! po9t ( impact is mov$ by a *ange ( #be y>ds 9 elevation or #a po9t 9 w9dage4 ----------------------------------- ,correction ,correction ,range4 by a *ange by a *ange 9 elevation 9 w9dage ( #be y>ds4 ( #a po9t4 ----------------------------------- ,y>ds4 ,in*es4 ,in*es4 #ajj #j4gb #d #bjj #a4fb #h #cjj #b4gi #ab #djj #d4bi #af #ejj #f4bb #bj #fjj #h4ei #bd #hjj #ae4dc #cb #a1jjj #be4jh #dj ----------------------------------- ,an easy rule to rememb] ! w9dage correction by is3 ,a *ange ( #a po9t ( w9d *anges ! po9t ( impact #d in*es = e #ajj y>ds ( range4 ,copy ?is table & take x to ! range ) y4 ,example ( sight adju/m5t3 ,suppose y are fir+ at #ejj y>ds4 ,! fir/ two or ?ree %ots %[ y t y\r %ots are hitt+ ab\t a foot bel[ & a foot to ! "r ( ! c5t] ( ! bull's-eye4 ,f ! above table y w see t if y w raise y\r sight #ej y>ds & move ! w9d gauge half a po9t to ! left ! rifle w be sight$ s t if y aim correctly ! bullets w hit well inside ! bull's-eye4 ,section #d4 ,aim+4 ,op5 sight3 ,always align y\r sights ) ! front sight squ>ely 9 ! middle ( ! ,u or not* ( ! re> sight1 & ! top ( ! front sight ev5 ) ! upp] corn]s ( ! ,u4 7,see fig4 #a47 ,all ! sights on ! rifle except ! peep sight are op5 sights4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #a4 ,peep sight3 ,always c5t] ! tip ( ! front sight 9 ! c5t] ( ! peephole :5 aim+ ) ?is sight4 7,see fig4 #b47 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #b4 ,always aim bel[ ! bull's-eye4 ,nev] let y\r front sight appe> to t\* ! bull's eye 9 aim+4 ,try to see ! same am\nt ( :ite t>get betwe5 ! top ( ! front sight & ! bottom ( ! bull's-eye ea* "t4 ,! eye mu/ be focus$ on ! bull's-eye or m>k & n on ! front or re> sight4 ,look at figures #a & #b until y\r eye reta9s ! memory ( !m1 !n try to duplicate ! picture e "t y aim4 ,aim consi/5tly1 always ! same4 ,nev] *ange y\r aim2 *ange y\r sight adju/m5t if y\r %ots are n hitt+ 9 ! "r place4 ,_m %ots h be5 wa/$ :5 ! po9t ( aim has be5 mov$ to :at ! fir] ?\ght 0 ! necess>y *ange on ! t>get1 in/ead ( *ang+ ! sights accord+ to ! table on page #aia4 ,section #e4 ,battle sight4 ,! battle sight is ! op5 sight se5 :5 ! leaf is laid flat4 ,x is adju/$ = a range ( #edg y>ds4 ,x is int5d$ to be us$ 9 battle :5 y get ne>] to ! enemy ?an #fjj y>ds4 ,always aim at ! belt ( a /&+ enemy1 or j bel[ him if he is kneel+1 sitt+1 or ly+4 ,on ! t>get range ?is sight is us$ = rapid fire4 ,) x ! rifle %oots ab\t #b feet high at ranges betwe5 #bjj & #djj y>ds1 s y mu/ aim bel[ ! figure on ! t>get ,d4 ,f9d out 9 y\r in/ruction practice j h[ mu* y mu/ aim bel[ to hit ! figure4 ,section #f4 ,trigg] squeeze4 ,use ! fir/ jo9t ( ! =ef+] to squeeze ! trigg]4 ,x is ! mo/ s5sitive & be/ controll$ portion ( ! body4 ,z y place ! rifle to y\r %\ld]1 squeeze ! trigg] s z to pull x back ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in*1 ?us tak+ up ! safety portion or slack ( ! pull4 ,!n contract ! trigg] f+] gradually1 sl[ly & /eadily increas+ ! pressure on ! trigg] :ile ! aim is be+ p]fect$4 ,cont9ue ! gradual increase ( pressure s t :5 ! aim has become exact ! additional pressure requir$ to release ! po9t ( ! se> c be giv5 almo/ ins5sibly & )\t caus+ any deflection ( ! rifle4 ,put absolutely all y\r m9d & w p[] into hold+ ! rifle /eady & squeez+ ! trigg] (f )\t di/urb+ ! aim4 ,practice squeez+ ! trigg] 9 ?is way e "t y h y\r rifle 9 y\r h& until y c surely & quickly d x )\t a suspicion ( a j]k4 ,by practice ! soldi] becomes famili> ) ! trigg] squeeze ( 8 rifle1 & kn[+ ?is he is able to judge at any "t1 )9 limits1 :at additional pressure is requir$ = its dis*>ge4 ,by con/ant repetition ( ?is ex]cise he %\ld be able f9ally to squeeze ! trigg] to a c]ta9 po9t beyond :i* ! slighte/ movem5t w release ! se>4 ,hav+ squeez$ ! trigg] to ?is po9t ! aim is correct$1 & :5 true ! additional pressure is appli$ & ! dis*>ge foll[s & ! bullet flies true to ! m>k4 ,section #g4 ,fir+ positions4 ,:5 9 ranks at close ord] ! positions are ^? describ$ 9 ! ,cavalry ,drill ,regulations4 ,:5 9 ext5d$ ord] or :5 fir+ alone ^! positions may be modifi$ some:at to bett] suit ! individual4 ,! foll[+ rem>ks on ! v>i\s positions are (f]$ z sugge/ions :]eby /eady positions may be le>n$ by ! soldi]4 ,/&+ position3 ,face ! t>get1 !n execute "r half face4 ,plant ! feet ab\t #ab in*es ap>t4 ,z y raise ! rifle to ! %\ld] lean v slightly backw>d j en\gh to pres]ve ! p]fect balance on bo? feet :i* ! rais+ ( ! rifle has some:at di/urb$4 ,d n lean f> back & d n lean =w>d at all4 ,if y\r body is out ( balance1 x w be "u /ra9 & y w tremble4 ,! "r elb[ %\ld be at ab\t ! height ( ! %\ld]4 ,! left h& %\ld grasp well ar\nd ! /ock & h&gu>d 9 front ( ! re> sight1 & ! left elb[ %\ld be almo/ directly "u ! rifle4 ,! "r h& %\ld d m ?an half ! "w ( hold+ ! rifle up & aga9/ ! %\ld]1 ! left h& only /eady+ & guid+ ! piece4 ,d n try to meet ! recoil2 let ! :ole body move back ) x4 ,d n be afraid to press ! jaw h>d aga9/ ! /ock2 ?is /eadies ! position1 & ! head goes back ) ! recoil & insures t y\r face is n hurt4 ,kneel+ position3 ,assume ! position v mu* z describ$ 9 ! ,cavalry ,drill ,regulations4 ,sit on ! "r heel4 ,! "r knee %\ld po9t directly to ! "r2 t is1 along ! fir+ l9e4 ,! po9t ( ! left elb[ %\ld re/ ov] ! left knee4 ,!re is a flat place "u ! elb[ :i* fits a flat place on ! knee & makes a solid re/4 ,lean ! body well =w>d4 ,?is position is uncom=table until practic$1 :5 x quickly ceases to be uncom=table4 ,sitt+ position3 ,sit d[n half fac$ to ! "r1 feet f #f to #h in*es ap>t1 knees b5t1 "r knee slightly high] ?an ! left1 left leg po9t$ t[>d ! t>get4 ,re/ bo? elb[s on ! knees1 h&s grasp+ ! piece ! same z 9 ! prone position4 ,?is is a v /eady position1 p>ticul>ly if holes c be f\nd or made 9 ! gr\nd = ! heels4 ,prone position & use ( ! gun sl+3 ,to adju/ ! sl+ = fir+1 unhook ! /raight /rap ( ! sl+ & let x out z f> z x w g4 ,adju/ ! loop s t :5 /ret*$ along ! bottom ( ! /ock its re> end 7bight7 comes ab\t opposite ! comb ( ! /ock4 ,a small man ne$s a long] loop ?an a tall man4 ,lie d[n fac+ at an angle ( ab\t #fj to ! "r ( ! direction ( ! t>get4 ,spread ! legs z wide ap>t z !y w g ) com=t4 ,?ru/ ! left arm ?r\gh betwe5 ! rifle & ! sl+1 & !n back ?r\gh ! loop ( ! sl+1 secur+ ! loop1 by means ( ! keep]1 ar\nd ! upp] left arm z high up z x w g4 ,pass ! h& "u & !n ov] ! sl+ f ! left side1 & grasp ! /ock & h&gu>d j 9 re> ( ! l[] b&4 ,raise ! "r elb[ (f ! gr\nd1 roll+ slightly ov] on ! left side4 ,place ! butt to ! %\ld] & roll back into position1 clamp+ ! rifle h>d & /eady 9 ! fir+ position4 ,! rifle %\ld re/ deep d[n 9 ! palm ( ! left h& ) f+]s almo/ ar\nd ! h&gu>d4 ,%ift ! left palm a little to ! "r or left until ! rifle /&s p]fectly upright 7no cant7 )\t ef=t4 ,! left elb[ %\ld re/ on ! gr\nd directly "u ! rifle1 & "r elb[ on ! gr\nd ab\t #e in*es to ! "r ( a po9t directly "u ! /ock4 ,9 ?is position ! loop ( ! sl+1 />t+ at ! l[] b&1 passes to ! "r ( ! left wri/1 & !nce ar\nd ! left upp] arm4 ,! loop %\ld be s tight t ab\t #ej p\nds t5sion is plac$ on x :5 ! position is assum$4 ,?is position is uncom=table until practic$1 :5 x quickly ceases to be uncom=table4 ,x w be /eadi] if small holes c be f\nd or dug 9 ! gr\nd = ! elb[s4 ,9 ?is position ! sl+ b9ds ! left =e>m to ! rifle & to ! gr\nd s t x =ms a dead re/ = ! rifle1 ) a univ]sal jo9t1 ! wri/1 at its upp] end4 ,also ! rifle is s b\nd to ! %\ld] t ! recoil is n felt at all4 ,?is is ! /eadie/ ( all fir+ positions4 ,! gun sl+ c also be us$ 9 ?is mann] ) advantage 9 ! o!r positions4 ,section #h4 ,call+ ! %ot4 ,x is evid5t t ! sights %\ld be s adju/$ at ea* range t ! rifle w hit :]e y aim4 ,9 ord] to det]m9e t ! sights are s adju/$1 x is necess>y t y %all "k ea* "t j :]e y 7 aim+ on ! t>get at ! in/ant y\r rifle 0 dis*>g$4 ,if y "k ?is & y\r rifle hits ?is po9t1 y\r rifle is correctly sight$4 ,if y\r %ot does n hit ne> ?is po9t1 y %\ld *ange y\r sight adju/m5t 9 accordance ) ! table ( sight corrections on page #aia4 ,no man c hold absolutely /eady4 ,! rifle trembles slightly1 & ! sights seem to wabble & move ov] ! t>get4 ,y try to squeeze (f ! la/ ounce ( ! trigg] squeeze j z ! sights move to ! desir$ alignm5t "u ! bull's-eye4 ,at ?is in/ant1 j be=e ! recoil blots out a view ( ! sights & t>get1 y %\ld cat* ) y\r eye a picture1 z x 71 ( j :]e on ! t>get y\r sights 7 align$1 & call to y\rself or to ! coa* ?is po9t4 ,?is po9t is :]e y\r %ot %\ld /rike if y\r sights are correctly adju/$ & if y h squeez$ ! trigg] )\t di/urb+ y\r aim4 ,until a man c call 8 %ots he is n a good %ot1 = he c nev] tell if 8 rifle is sight$ "r or n1 or if a c]ta9 %ot is a good "o or only ! result ( luck4 ,section #i4 ,coord9ation4 ,good m>ksman%ip consi/s 9 le>n+ ?or\ghly ! details (-- ,hold+ ! rifle 9 ! v>i\s positions4 ,aim+4 ,squeez+ ! trigg]4 ,call+ ! %ot4 ,adju/+ ! sights4 ,& :5 ^! h be5 ma/]$ 9 detail !n ! coord9ation ( !m 9 ! act ( fir+4 ,?is coord9ation consi/s 9 putt+ absolutely all ( "o's w p[] into an ef=t to hold ! rifle /eadily1 especially 9 gett+ x to /eady d[n :5 ! aim is p]fect$2 9 gett+ ! trigg] squeez$ (f easily at ! in/ant ! rifle is /eadie/ & ! aim p]fect$2 9 call+ ! %ot at ?is in/ant2 & if ! %ot does n hit ne> ! po9t call$1 !n 9 adju/+ ! sights ! correct am\nt s t ! rifle w be sight$ to hit :]e y aim4 ,section #aj4 ,advice to riflem54 ,be=e go+ to ! range clean ! rifle c>efully1 remov+ e trace ( oil f ! bore4 ,?is c be/ be done ) a rag saturat$ ) gasol9e4 ,put a light coat ( oil on ! bolt & cams4 ,black5 ! front & re> sights ) smoke f a burn+ c&le or camphor or ) liquid sight black4 ,look ?r\gh ! bore & see t !re is no ob/ruction 9 x4 ,keep ! rifle (f ! gr\nd2 ! /ock may absorb dampness1 ! sights may be injur$1 or ! muzzle fill$ ) dirt4 ,wat* y\r hold c>efully & be sure to "k :]e ! l9e ( sight is at dis*>ge4 ,x is only 9 ?is way t ! habit ( call+ %ots1 :i* is ess5tial to good %oot+1 c be acquir$4 ,/udy ! conditions1 adju/ ! sl+1 & set ! sight be=e go+ to ! fir+ po9t4 ,look at ! sight adju/m5t be=e ea* %ot & see t x has n *ang$4 ,if sure ( y\r hold & if ! hit is n z call$1 det]m9e & make ,,full correction 9 elevation & w9dage to put ! next %ot 9 ! bull's-eye4 ,keep a writt5 record ( ! wea!r conditions & ! correspond+ elevation & w9dage = ea* day's fir+4 ,less elevation w g5]ally be requir$ on hot days2 on wet days2 9 a bright sunlight2 ) a #f o'clock w9d2 or ) a cold b>rel4 ,m elevation w g5]ally be requir$ on cold days2 on v dry days2 ) a #ab o'clock w9d2 ) a hot b>rel2 9 a dull or cl\dy light4 ,! upp] b& %\ld n be tight en\gh to b9d ! b>rel4 ,d n put a c>tridge into ! *amb] until ready to fire4 ,d n place c>tridges 9 ! sun4 ,!y w get hot & %oot high4 ,d n rub ! eyes--especially ! sight+ eye4 ,9 cold wea!r w>m ! trigg] h& be=e %oot+4 ,aft] %oot+1 clean ! rifle c>efully & !n oil x to prev5t ru/4 ,h a /rong1 clean clo? t w n te> & jam1 prop]ly cut to size1 = use 9 clean+4 ,always clean ! rifle f ! bree*1 us+ a brass clean+ rod :5 available4 ,an injury to ! rifl+ at ! muzzle causes ! piece to %oot v irregul>ly4 ,regul> physical ex]cise1 tak5 sy/ematically1 w cause a m>k$ improvem5t 9 %oot+4 ,frequ5t practice ( ! ,position & aim+ drills & gall]y practice are ( ! greate/ help 9 prep>+ = %oot+ on ! range4 ,rapid fir+3 ,success 9 rapid fir+ dep5ds ^u cat*+ a quick & accurate aim1 hold+ ! piece firmly & ev5ly1 & 9 squeez+ ! trigg] )\t a j]k4 ,9 ord] to give z mu* "t z possible = aim+ accurately1 ! soldi] mu/ practice tak+ position1 load+ ) ! clip1 & work+ ! bolt1 s t no "t w be lo/ 9 ^! op]ations4 ,) con/ant practice all ^! movem5ts may be made quickly & )\t false motions4 ,:5 ! bolt h&le is rais$1 x mu/ be done ) en\gh =ce to />t ! %ell f ! *amb]2 & :5 ! bolt is pull$ back x mu/ be ) suffici5t =ce to ?r[ ! empty %ell well away f ! *amb] & f> en\gh to engage ! next c>tridge4 ,9 load+1 use =ce en\gh to load ea* c>tridge ) "o motion4 ,! aim mu/ be caught quickly1 &1 once caught1 mu/ be held & ! trigg] squeez$ /eadily4 ,rapid fir+1 z f> z hold+1 aim1 & squeez+ ! trigg] are conc]n$1 %\ld be done ) all ! precision ( sl[ fire4 ,! ga9 9 "t %\ld be 9 gett+ ready to fire1 load+1 & work+ ! bolt4 ,fir+ ) re/s3 ,9 ord] t ! %oot+ may be uni=m ! piece %\ld always be re/$ at ! same po9t4 ,section #aa4 ,! c\rse 9 small-arms fir+4 ,! c\rse 9 small-arms fir+ consi/s (-- 7a7 ,nom5clature & c>e ( rifle4 7b7 ,sight+ drills4 7c7 ,position & aim+ drills4 7d7 ,deflection & elevation correction drills4 7e7 ,gall]y practice4 7f7 ,e/imat+ di/ance drill4 7g7 ,individual kn[n-di/ance fir+1 in/ruction practice4 7h7 ,individual kn[n-di/ance fir+1 record practice4 7i7 ,long-di/ance practice4 7j7 ,practice ) telescopic sights4 7k7 ,in/ruction combat practice4 7l7 ,combat practice4 7m7 ,pr(ici5cy te/4 ,! regulations gov]n+ ^! are f\nd 9 ,small ,arms ,fir+ ,manual1 #aiac4 ,!re %\ld be sev]al copies ( ?is manual 9 e troop4 ,section #ab4 ,t>gets4 ,! accompany+ plates %[ ! details & size ( ! t>gets3 ,illu/ration3 ,,t>get ,a1 ,,t>get ,b1 ,,t>get ,c1 ,,t>get ,d4 ,section #ac4 ,pi/ol & revolv] practice4#aa ,footnote #aa3 ,:5ev] 9 ^! regulations ! ^w pi/ol appe>s ! regulation applies ) equal =ce to ! revolv]1 if applicable to t weapon4 #ace4ab ,nom5clature & c>e ( ! weapon2 h&l+ & precautions aga9/ accid5ts4--,! soldi] w fir/ be taught ! nom5clature ( ^? p>ts ( ! weapon necess>y to an und]/&+ ( its action & use & ! prop] measures = its c>e & pres]vation4 ,ordnance pamphlets ,nos4 #ahff 7description ( ! ,colt's automatic pi/ol71 #aiai1 & #aibg 7descriptions ( ! ,colt's revolv]1 calib]s 4#ch & 4#de1 respectively71 conta9 full in=mation on ?is subject1 & are furni%$ to organizations arm$ ) ^! weapons4 ,footnote #ab3 ,! numb]s ref] to p>agraphs 9 ! ,small ,arms ,fir+ ,manual1 #aiac4 ,c>eless h&l+ ( ! pi/ol or revolv] is ! cause ( _m accid5ts & results 9 brok5 p>ts ( ! me*anism4 ,! foll[+ rules w1 if foll[$1 prev5t mu* tr\ble ( ?is "*3 7a7 ,on tak+ ! pi/ol f ! armrack or hol/]1 take out ! magaz9e & see t x is empty be=e replac+ x2 !n draw back ! slide & make sure t ! piece is unload$4 ,obs]ve ! same precaution aft] practice on ! t>get range1 & aga9 be=e replac+ ! pi/ol 9 ! hol/] or 9 ! armrack4 ,:5 tak+ ! revolv] f ! armrack or hol/] & be=e return+ x to ! same1 op5 ! cyl9d] & eject empty %ells & c>tridges4 ,be=e beg9n+ a drill & ^u arriv+ on ! range obs]ve ! same precaution4 7b7 ,nei!r load nor unlock ! weapon until ! mom5t ( fir+1 nor until a run 9 ! m\nt$ c\rse is />t$4 7c7 ,always keep ! pi/ol or revolv] 9 ! position ( ,raise pi/ol 7p>4 #adg1 ,cavalry ,drill ,regulations1 #aiaf71 except :5 x is po9t$ at ! t>get4 7,! position ( ,l[] pi/ol is au?oriz$ = m\nt$ fir+ only47 7d7 ,d n place ! weapon on ! gr\nd :]e s& or e>? c ent] ! bore or me*anism4 7e7 ,be=e load+ ! pi/ol1 draw back ! slide & look ?r\gh ! bore to see t x is free f ob/ruction4 ,be=e load+ ! revolv]1 op5 ! cyl9d] & look ?r\gh ! bore to see t x is free f ob/ruction4 ,:5 load+ ! pi/ol = t>get practice place five c>tridges 9 ! magaz9e & ins]t ! magaz9e 9 ! h&le2 draw back ! slide & ins]t ! fir/ c>tridge 9 ! *amb] & c>efully lock ! hamm]4 ,9 load+ ! revolv] place five c>tridges 9 ! cyl9d] & let ! hamm] d[n on ! empty *amb]4 7f7 ,:5ev] ! pi/ol is be+ load$ or unload$1 ! muzzle mu/ be kept up4 7g7 ,d n po9t ! weapon 9 any direction :]e an accid5tal dis*>ge might d h>m4 7h7 ,aft] load+ d n cock ! revolv] or unlock ! pi/ol until ready to fire4 7i7 ,keep ! work+ p>ts prop]ly lubricat$4 #acf4 ,position1 dism\nt$3 ,/& firmly on bo? feet1 body p]fectly balanc$ & erect & turn$ at su* an angle z is mo/ com=table :5 ! arm is ext5d$ t[>d ! t>get2 ! feet f> en\gh ap>t to insure firmness & /ead9ess ( position 7ab\t #h to #aj in*es72 weight ( body borne equally ^u bo? feet2 "r arm fully ext5d$1 left arm hang+ naturally4 ,,rem>ks4--,! "r arm may be slightly b5t1 al?\gh ! difficulty ( hold+ ! pi/ol uni=mly & ( keep+ x z well z ! =e>m 9 ! same v]tical plane makes ?is objectionable4 #acg4 ,! grip3 ,grasp ! /ock z high z possible ) ! ?umb & la/ ?ree f+]s1 ! =ef+] alongside ! trigg] gu>d1 ! ?umb ext5d$ along ! /ock4 ,! b>rel1 h&1 & =e>m %\ld be z ne>ly 9 "o l9e z possible :5 ! weapon is po9t$ t[>d ! t>get4 ,! grasp %\ld n be s tight z to cause tremors ( ! h& or arm to be communicat$ to ! weapon1 b %\ld be firm en\gh to avoid los+ ! grip :5 ! recoil takes place4 ,,rem>ks4--,! =ce ( recoil ( ! pi/ol or revolv] is ex]t$ 9 a l9e above ! h& :i* grasps ! /ock4 ,! l[] ! /ock is grasp$ ! great] w be ! movem5t or jump ( ! muzzle caus$ by ! recoil4 ,?is n only results 9 a sev]e /ra9 ^u ! wri/ b 9 loss ( accuracy4 ,if ! h& be plac$ s t ! grasp is on "o side ( ! /ock1 ! recoil w cause a rot>y movem5t ( ! weapon t[>d ! opposite side4 ,! releas+ ( ! se> causes a slight movem5t ( ! muzzle1 g5]ally to ! left4 ,! position ( ! ?umb along ! /ock ov]comes mu* ( ?is movem5t4 ,! soldi] %\ld be enc\rag$ to practice ?is me?od ( hold+ until x becomes natural4 ,to d uni=m %oot+ ! weapon mu/ be held ) exactly ! same grip = ea* %ot4 ,n only mu/ ! h& grasp ! /ock at ! same po9t = ea* %ot1 b ! t5sion ( ! grip mu/ be uni=m4 #ach4 7a7 ,! trigg] squeeze3 ,! trigg] mu/ be squeez$ 9 ! same mann] z 9 rifle fir+4 7,see p4 #aic47 ,! pressure ( ! =ef+] on ! trigg] %\ld be /eadily increas$ & %\ld be /raight back1 n sideways4 ,! pressure %\ld cont9ue to t po9t beyond :i* ! slighte/ movem5t w release ! se>4 ,!n1 :5 ! aim is true1 ! additional pressure is appli$ & ! pi/ol fir$4 ,only by mu* practice c ! soldi] become famili> ) ! trigg] squeeze4 ,?is is ess5tial to accurate %oot+4 ,x is ! mo/ important detail to ma/] 9 pi/ol or revolv] %oot+4 7b7 ,self-cock+ action4--,! =ce requir$ to squeeze ! trigg] ( ! revolv] :5 ! self-cock+ device is us$ is consid]ably great] ?an ) ! s+le action4 ,to accu/om a soldi] to ! use ( ! self-cock+ me*anism1 & also to /r5g!n & develop ! muscles ( ! h&1 a few m9utes' practice daily 9 hold+ ! unload$ revolv] on a m>k & snapp+ x1 us+ ! self-cock+ me*anism1 is recomm5d$4 ,! use ( ! self-cock+ device 9 fir+ is n recomm5d$ except 9 em]g5cy4 ,by practice 9 cock+ ! revolv] ! soldi] c become suffici5tly exp]t to fire v rapidly1 us+ s+le action1 :ile 8 accuracy w be great] ?an :5 us+ d\ble action4 #aci4 ,aim+4--,except :5 deliv]+ rapid or quick fire1 ! re> & front sights ( ! pi/ol are us$ 9 ! same mann] z ! rifle sights4 ,! normal sight is habitually us$ 7see ,pl4 ,,vi71 & ! l9e ( sight is direct$ ^u a po9t j "u ! bull's-eye at #f o'clock4 ,! front sight mu/ be se5 ?r\gh ! middle ( ! re>-sight not*1 ! top be+ on a l9e ) ! top ( ! not*4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to cant ! pi/ol to ei!r side4#ac ,footnote #ac3 ,! in/ructor %\ld take cognizance ( ! fact t ! prop] aim+ po9t is (t5 affect$ by ! p]sonal & fix$ peculi>ities ( ! fir]1 & if unable to correct su* abnormalities p]mit fir] to direct sight at su* po9t z promises effective results4 ,if ! pr9ciples ( aim+ h n be5 taught1 ! soldi]'s in/ruction w beg9 ) sight+ drills z prescrib$ = ! rifle s f> z !y may be applicable4 ,! sight+ b> ) op5 sight w be us$ to tea* ! normal sight & to demon/rate errors likely to be committ$4 ,to con/ruct a sight+ re/ = ! pi/ol 7see ,pl4 ,,vi7 take a piece ( wood ab\t #aj in*es long1 #a-a_/d in*es wide1 & #i_/af in* ?ick4 ,%ape "o end s t x w fit snugly 9 ! h&le ( ! pi/ol :5 ! magaz9e has be5 remov$4 ,screw or nail ?is /ick to ! top ( a po/ or o!r object at su* an angle t ! pi/ol :5 plac$ on ! /ick w be approximately horizontal4 ,a suitable sight+ re/ = ! revolv] may be easily improvis$4 #adj4 7a7 ,h[ to cock ! pi/ol4--,! pi/ol %\ld be cock$ by ! ?umb ( ! "r h& & ) ! lea/ possible d]angem5t ( ! grip4 ,! =ef+] %\ld be cle> ( ! trigg] :5 cock+ ! pi/ol4 ,"s m5 h difficulty at fir/ 9 cock+ ! pi/ol ) ! "r ?umb4 ,?is c be ov]come by a little practice4 ,j]k+ ! pi/ol =w>d :ile hold+ ! ?umb on ! hamm] w n be p]mitt$4 7b7 ,h[ to cock ! revolv]3 ,! revolv] %\ld be cock$ by putt+ ! ?umb on ! hamm] at z ne>ly a "r angle to ! hamm] z possible1 & by ! action ( ! ?umb muscles alone br++ ! hamm] back to ! position ( full cock4 ,"s m5 ) l>ge h&s are able to cock ! revolv] ) ! ?umb :ile hold+ x 9 ! position ( aim or raise pi/ol4 ,:]e ! soldi]'s h& is small ?is c n be done1 & 9 ?is case x assi/s ! op]ation to give ! revolv] a slight tilt to ! "r & upw>d 7to ! "r74 ,p>ticul> c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! =ef+] is cle> ( ! trigg] or ! cyl9d] w n revolve4 ,j]k+ ! revolv] =w>d :ile hold+ ! ?umb on ! hamm] w n be p]mitt$4 #ada4 ,position1 & aim+ drills1 dism\nt$3 ,= ?is in/ruction ! squad w be =m$ ) an int]val ( #a pace betwe5 files4 ,black pa/]s to simulate bull's-eyes w be pa/$ opposite ea* man on ! b>rack or o!r wall1 f :i* ! squad is #aj paces di/ant4 ,! squad be+ =m$ z describ$ above1 ! in/ructor gives ! comm&3 #a4 ,raise1 #b4 ,pi/ol 7p>4 #adg1 ,cavalry ,drill ,regulations71 & cautions1 ,position & aim+ drill1 dism\nt$4 ,! m5 take ! positions describ$ 9 p>agraph #acf1 except t ! pi/ol is held at ,raise pi/ol4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,! in/ructor cautions1 ,trigg] squeeze ex]cise4 ,at ! comm& ,,ready1 cock ! weapon z describ$ 9 p>agraph #adj4 ,at ! comm&1 #a4 ,squad1 #b4 ,,fire1 sl[ly ext5d ! arm till x is ne>ly horizontal1 ! pi/ol direct$ at a po9t ab\t #f in*es bel[ ! bull's-eye4 ,at ! same "t put ! =ef+] inside ! trigg] gu>d & gradually feel ! trigg]4 ,inhale en\gh air to com=tably fill ! lungs & gradually raise ! piece until ! l9e ( sight is direct$ at ! po9t ( aim1 i4 e41 j bel[ ! bull's-eye at #f o'clock4 ,:ile ! sights are direct$ ^u ! m>k1 gradually increase ! pressure on ! trigg] until x rea*es t po9t :]e ! slighte/ additional pressure w release ! se>4 ,!n1 :5 ! aim is true1 ! additional pressure necess>y to fire ! piece is giv5 s smoo?ly z n to d]ange ! alignm5t ( ! sights4 ,! weapon w be held on ! m>k = an in/ant aft] ! hamm] falls & ! soldi] w obs]ve :at effect1 if any1 ! squeez+ ( ! trigg] has _h on 8 aim4 ,x is impossible to hold ! arm p]fectly /ill1 b ea* "t ! l9e ( sight is direct$ on ! po9t ( aim a slight additional pressure is appli$ to ! trigg] until ! piece is f9ally dis*>g$ at "o ( ! mom5ts :5 ! sights are correctly align$ ^u ! m>k4 ,:5 ! soldi] has become pr(ici5t 9 tak+ ! prop] position1 ! trigg] squeeze %\ld be execut$ at w4 ,! in/ructor prefaces ! prep>atory comm& by ,at w & give ! comm& ,,halt at ! conclusion ( ! ex]cise1 :5 ! soldi] w return to ! position ( ,raise pi/ol4 ,at fir/ ?is ex]cise %\ld be execut$ ) delib]ation1 b gradually ! soldi] w be taught to cat* ! aim quickly & to lose no "t 9 beg9n+ ! trigg] squeeze & br++ x to ! po9t :]e ! slighte/ additional pressure w release ! se>4 ,,rem>ks4--,9 s]vice few opportunities w be (f]$ = sl[ aim$ fire ) ! pi/ol or revolv]1 al?\gh use w be made ( ! weapon "u circum/ances :5 accurate po9t+ & rapid manipulation are ( vital importance4 ,9 deliv]+ a rapid fire1 ! soldi] mu/ keep 8 eyes fix$ ^u ! m>k &1 aft] ea* %ot1 beg9 a /eadily increas+ pressure on ! trigg]1 try+ at ! same "t to get ! sights z ne>ly on ! m>k z possible be=e ! hamm] aga9 falls4 ,! great difficulty 9 quick fir+ ) ! pi/ol lies 9 ! fact t :5 ! front sight is br\ght ^u ! m>k ! re> sight is (t5 f\nd to be outside ! l9e jo9+ ! eye ) ! m>k4 ,?is t5d5cy to hold ! pi/ol obliquely c be ov]come only by a uni=m mann] ( hold+ & po9t+4 ,?is uni=mity is to be atta9$ only by acquir+ a grip :i* c be tak5 ) c]ta9ty ea* "t ! weapon is fir$4 ,x is ?is circum/ance :i* makes ! position & aim+ drills s important4 ,! soldi] %\ld con/antly practice po9t+ ! pi/ol until he acquires ! ability to direct x on ! m>k 9 ! briefe/ int]val ( "t & practically )\t ! aid ( sights4 ,! soldi] !n repeats ! ex]cises ) ! pi/ol 9 ! left h&1 ! left side be+ turn$ t[>d ! t>get4 #adb4 ,to draw & fire quickly--,snap %oot+4--,) ! squad =m$ z describ$ 9 p>agraph #ada except t ! pi/ol is 9 ! hol/] & ! flap1 if any1 button$1 ! in/ructor cautions ,quick-fire ex]cise4 ,& gives ! comm&1 #a4 ,,squad1 #b4 ,,fire4 ,at ?is comm& ea* soldi]1 keep+ 8 eye on ! t>get1 quickly draws 8 pi/ol1 unlocks x1 ?ru/s x t[>d ! t>get1 squeezes ! trigg]1 & at ! in/ant ! weapon is br\ght 9 l9e ) ! eye & ! objective increases ! pressure1 releas+ ! se>4 ,to enable ! soldi] to note errors 9 po9t+1 ! weapon w be mom5t>ily held 9 position aft] ! fall ( ! hamm]4 ,ef=ts at delib]ate aim+ 9 ?is ex]cise mu/ be disc\rag$4 ,rem>ks "u p>agraph #ada are specially applicable also to ?is type ( fire4 ,:5 ! soldi] has become pr(ici5t 9 ! details ( ?is ex]cise1 x %\ld be repeat$ at w2 ! in/ructor cautions1 ,at w2 quick-fire ex]cise4 ,! ex]cise %\ld be practic$ until ! m9d1 ! eye1 & trigg] f+] act 9 unison4 ,to simulate ?is type ( fire m\nt$1 ! in/ructor places ! squad s t ! simulat$ bull's-eyes are 9 turn1 to ! ,,"r1 to ! ,,left1 to ! ,,"r ,,front1 to ! ,,left ,,front1 to ! ,,"r ,,re>4 ,) ! squad 9 "o ( ^! positions1 ! in/ructor cautions1 ,position & aim+ drill1 m\nt$4 ,at ?is caution ! "r foot is c>ri$ #bj in*es to ! "r & ! left h& to ! position ( ! bridle h& 7p>4 #ade1 ,cavalry ,drill ,regulations74 ,! ex]cise is c>ri$ out z describ$ = ! ex]cise dism\nt$1 us+ ! comm&s & means laid d[n 9 p>agraph #ada = fir+ 9 ! sev]al directions4 ,! ex]cise is to be execut$ at w :5 ! squad has be5 suffici5tly well in/ruct$ 9 detail4 ,:5 fir+ to ! left ! pi/ol h& w be ab\t opposite ! left %\ld] & ! %\ld]s turn$ ab\t #de to ! left2 :5 fir+ to ! "r re> ! %\ld]s are turn$ ab\t #de to ! "r4 ,:5 ! soldi] is pr(ici5t 9 ^! ex]cises ) ! pi/ol 9 ! "r h&1 !y are repeat$ ) ! pi/ol 9 ! left h&4 ,revolv] or pi/ol range practice4--,! c\rses 9 range practice are giv5 9 p>agraphs #adg to #aii1 ,small ,arms ,fir+ ,manual1 #aiac4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,extracts ,,f ,,manual ,,( ,,int]ior ,,gu>d ,,duty4 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,army1 #aiad4 ,! numb]s ref] to p>agraphs 9 ! ,manual4 ,section #a4 ,introduction4 #a4 ,gu>ds may be divid$ into f\r classes3 ,ext]ior gu>ds1 int]ior gu>ds1 milit>y police1 & provo/ gu>ds4 #b4 ,ext]ior gu>ds are us$ only 9 "t ( w>4 ,!y belong to ! doma9 ( tactics & are treat$ ( 9 ! ,field ,s]vice ,regulations & 9 ! drill regulations ( ! diff]5t arms ( ! s]vice4 ,! purpose ( ext]ior gu>ds is to prev5t surprise1 to delay attack1 & o!rwise to provide = ! security ( ! ma9 body4 ,on ! m>* !y take ! =m ( advance gu>ds1 re> gu>ds1 & flank gu>ds4 ,at a halt !y consi/ ( outpo/s4 #c4 ,int]ior gu>ds are us$ 9 camp or g>rison to pres]ve ord]1 protect prop]ty1 & to en=ce police regulations4 ,9 "t ( w> su* s5t9els ( an int]ior gu>d z may be necess>y are plac$ close 9 or ab\t a camp1 & normally !re is an ext]ior gu>d fur!r out consi/+ ( outpo/s4 ,9 "t ( peace ! int]ior gu>d is ! only gu>d 9 a camp or g>rison4 #d4 ,milit>y police diff] some:at f ei!r ( ^! classes4 7,see ,field ,s]vice ,regulations47 ,!y are us$ 9 "t ( w> to gu>d prison]s1 to arre/ /raggl]s & des]t]s1 & to ma9ta9 ord] & en=ce police regulations 9 ! re> ( armies1 along l9es ( communication1 & 9 ! vic9ity ( l>ge camps4 #e4 ,provo/ gu>ds are us$ 9 ! abs5ce ( milit>y police1 g5]ally 9 conjunction ) ! civil au?orities at or ne> l>ge po/s or encampm5ts1 to pres]ve ord] among soldi]s beyond ! int]ior gu>d4 ,section #b4 ,classification ( int]ior gu>ds4 #f4 ,! v>i\s elem5ts ( an int]ior gu>d classifi$ accord+ to _! p>ticul> purposes & ! mann] 9 :i* !y p]=m _! duties are z foll[s3 7a7 ,! ma9 gu>d4 7b7 ,special gu>ds3 ,/able gu>ds1 p>k gu>ds1 prison] gu>ds1 h]d gu>ds1 tra9 gu>ds1 boat gu>ds1 wat*m51 etc4 ,section #c4 ,details & ro/]s4 #g4 ,at e milit>y po/1 & 9 e regim5t or sep>ate comm& 9 ! field1 an int]ior gu>d w be detail$ & duly m\nt$4 ,x w consi/ ( su* numb] ( (fic]s & enli/$ m5 z ! comm&+ (fic] may deem necess>y1 & w be comm&$ by ! s5ior (fic] or noncommission$ (fic] !re)1 "u ! sup]vision ( ! (fic] ( ! day or o!r (fic] detail$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #h4 ,! sy/em ( s5t9els on fix$ po/s is ( value 9 discipl9e & tra9+ because ( ! direct individual responsibility :i* is impos$ & requir$ to be dis*>g$ 9 a def9ite & precise mann]4 ,:ile ! desirability ( ?is type ( duty is recogniz$1 x %\ld only be put 9 practice to an ext5t suffici5t to insure ?or\gh in/ruction 9 ?is me?od ( p]=m+ gu>d duty1 & %\ld n be ! r\t9e me?od ( its p]=mance4 ,! usual gu>d duty w be p]=m$ by wat*m51 patrols1 or su* me?od z 9 ! op9ion ( ! comm&+ (fic] may be/ secure results "u ! p>ticul> local conditions4 #i4 ,at po/s :]e !re are less ?an ?ree companies ! ma9 gu>d & special gu>ds may all be furni%$ by "o company or by details f ea* company4 ,x is direct$ t :5ev] possible su* gu>ds %all be furni%$ by a s+le company1 = ! reason t if gu>d details are tak5 f ea* organization at a po/ ( two companies1 troops1 or batt]ies x w result 9 bo? be+ s r$uc$ z to s]i\sly int]f]e ) drill & in/ruction1 :]eas if details are tak5 f only "o ! o!r is available = in/ruction at full /r5g?4 ,:]e !re are ?ree or m companies1 ! ma9 gu>d w1 if practicable1 be furni%$ by a s+le company1 &1 z f> z practicable1 ! same organization w supply all details = t day = special gu>d1 ov]se]1 & fatigue duty4 ,9 ?is case ! (fic] ( ! day & ! (fic]s ( ! gu>d1 if !re are any1 w1 if practicable1 be f ! company furni%+ ! gu>d4 #aj4 ,at a po/ or camp :]e ! headqu>t]s ( m ?an "o regim5t are /ation$1 or 9 ! case ( a small brigade 9 ! field1 if b "o gu>d be necess>y = ! :ole comm&1 ! details w be made f ! headqu>t]s ( ! comm&4 ,if =mal gu>d m\nt+ is to be held1 ! adjutant1 s]geant major1 & b& to att5d gu>d m\nt+ w be designat$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #aa4 ,:5 a s+le organization furni%es ! gu>d1 a ro/] ( organizations w be kept by ! s]geant major "u ! sup]vision ( ! adjutant4 7,see ,app5dix ,b47 #ab4 ,:5 ! gu>d is detail$ f sev]al organizations1 ro/]s w be kept by ! adjutant1 ( (fic]s ( ! day & (fic]s ( ! gu>d by "n2 by ! s]geant major "u ! sup]vision ( ! adjutant1 ( s]geants1 corporals1 musicians1 & privates ( ! gu>d by numb] p] organization2 & by fir/ s]geants1 ( s]geants1 corporals1 musicians1 & privates by "n4 7,see ,app5dix ,a47 #ac4 ,:5 organizations furni% _! own /able1 or /able & p>k gu>ds1 cr$it w be giv5 ea* = ! numb] ( enli/$ m5 s furni%$ z ?\gh !y _h be5 detail$ = ma9 gu>d4 #ad4 ,special gu>ds1 o!r ?an /able or p>k gu>ds1 w be cr$it$ ! same z = ma9 gu>d1 cr$it$ ) fatigue duty1 c>ri$ on special duty1 or cr$it$ z ! comm&+ (fic] may direct4 7,p>s4 #f1 #bba1 #bdg1 & #cjj47 #ae4 ,capta9s w sup]vise ! keep+ ( company ro/]s & see t all duties p]=m$ are duly cr$it$4 7,see p>s4 #cee-cfd1 ,a4 ,r41 = rules gov]n+ ro/]s1 & ,=m #cdb1 ,a4 ,g4 ,o41 = in/ructions z to h[ ro/]s %\ld be kept47 #af4 ,!re w be an (fic] ( ! day ) ea* gu>d1 unless 9 ! op9ion ( ! comm&+ (fic] ! gu>d is s small t 8 s]vices are n ne$$4 ,9 ?is case an (fic] w be detail$ to sup]vise ! comm& & in/ruction ( ! gu>d = su* p]iod z ! comm&+ (fic] may direct4 #ag4 ,:5 m ?an "o gu>d is requir$ = a comm&1 a field (fic] ( ! day w be detail$1 :o w receive 8 ord]s f ! brigade or division comm&]1 z ! latt] may direct4 ,:5 necess>y capta9s may be plac$ on ! ro/] = field (fic] ( ! day4 #ah4 ,! detail ( (fic]s ( ! gu>d w be limit$ to ! necessities ( ! s]vice & effici5t in/ruction2 inexp]i5c$ (fic]s may be detail$ z sup]num]>y (fic]s ( ! gu>d = purposes ( in/ruction4 #ai4 ,(fic]s s]v+ on /aff dep>tm5ts are1 9 ! discretion ( ! comm&+ (fic]1 exempt f gu>d duty4 #bj4 ,gu>d details w1 if practicable1 be po/$ or publi%$ ! day prec$+ ! beg9n+ ( ! t\r & (fic]s notifi$ p]sonally by a writt5 ord] at ! same "t4 #ba4 ,! /r5g? ( gu>ds & ! numb] ( consecutive days = :i* an organization furni%es ! gu>d w be s regulat$ z to insure privates ( ! ma9 gu>d an int]val ( n less ?an five days betwe5 t\rs4 ,:5 ?is is n o!rwise practicable1 extra & special duty m5 w be detail$ = night gu>d duty1 /ill p]=m+ _! daily duties4 ,:5 s detail$ a ro/] w be kept by ! adjutant %[+ ! duty p]=m$ by !m4 #bb4 ,! memb]s ( ma9 gu>ds & /able & p>k gu>ds w habitually be reliev$ e #bd h\rs4 ,! l5g? ( ! t\r ( enli/$ m5 detail$ z special gu>ds1 o!r ?an /able or p>k gu>ds1 w be s regulat$ z to p]mit ( ^! m5 be+ held acc\ntable = a /rict p]=mance ( _! duty4 #bc4 ,%\ld ! (fic] ( ! day be notifi$ t m5 are requir$ to fill vacancies 9 ! gu>d1 he w cause !m to be suppli$ f ! organization to :i* ! gu>d belongs4 ,if none are available 9 t organization1 ! adjutant w be notifi$ & w cause !m to be suppli$ f ! organization t is next = gu>d4 7,p>4 #fc47 #bd4 ,! adjutant w h po/$ on ! bullet9 bo>d at 8 (fice all data ne$$ by company comm&]s 9 mak+ details f _! companies4 ,at fir/ s]geant's call fir/ s]geants w g to headqu>t]s & take f ! bullet9 bo>d all data necess>y = mak+ ! details requir$ f _! companies2 ^! details w be made f _! company ro/]s4 #be4 ,9 ord] to give ample notice1 fir/ s]geants w1 :5 practicable1 publi% at retreat & po/ on ! company bullet9 bo>d all details made f ! company = duties to be p]=m$4 #bf4 ,:]e ro/]s are requir$ to be kept by ?is manual1 all details w be made by ro/]4 ,section #d4 ,comm&] ( ! gu>d4 #da4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d is responsible = ! in/ruction & discipl9e ( ! gu>d4 ,he w see t all ( its memb]s are correctly in/ruct$ 9 _! ord]s & duties & t !y und]/& & prop]ly p]=m !m4 ,he w visit ea* relief at lea/ once :ile x is on po/1 & at lea/ "o ( ^! visits w be made betwe5 #ab o'clock midnight & daylight4 #db4 ,he receives & obeys ! ord]s ( ! comm&+ (fic] & ! (fic] ( ! day1 & reports to ! latt] )\t delay all ord]s to ! gu>d n receiv$ f ! (fic] ( ! day2 he transmits to 8 successor all mat]ial in/ructions & in=mation relat+ to 8 duties4 #dc4 ,he is responsible "u ! (fic] ( ! day = ! g5]al safety ( ! po/ or camp z soon z ! old gu>d m>*es away f ! gu>dh\se4 ,9 case ( em]g5cy1 :ile bo? gu>ds are at ! gu>dh\se1 ! s5ior comm&] ( ! two gu>ds w be responsible t ! prop] action is tak54 #dd4 ,(fic]s ( ! gu>d w rema9 con/antly ) _! gu>ds1 except :ile visit+ patrols or necess>ily engag$ else:]e 9 ! p]=mance ( _! duties4 ,! comm&+ (fic] w all[ a reasonable "t = meals4 #de4 ,a comm&] ( a gu>d leav+ 8 po/ = any purpose w in=m ! next 9 comm& ( 8 de/9ation & probable "t ( return4 #df4 ,except 9 em]g5cies1 ! comm&] ( ! gu>d may divide ! night ) ! next 9 comm&1 b reta9s 8 responsibility2 ! "o on wat* mu/ be con/antly on ! al]t4 #dg4 ,:5 any al>m is rais$ 9 camp or g>rison1 ! gu>d w be in=m$ imm$iately4 7,p>4 #bcd47 ,if ! case be s]i\s1 ! prop] call w be s\nd$1 & ! comm&] ( ! gu>d w cause ! comm&+ (fic] & ! (fic] ( ! day to be at once notifi$4 #dh4 ,if a s5t9el calls3 ,! gu>d1 ! comm&] ( ! gu>d w at once s5d a patrol to ! s5t9el's po/4 ,if ! dang] be great1 9 :i* case ! s5t9el w dis*>ge 8 piece1 ! patrol w be z /rong z possible4 #di4 ,:5 practicable1 !re %\ld always be an (fic] or noncommission$ (fic] & two privates ( ! gu>d at ! gu>dh\se 9 addition to ! s5t9els !re on po/4 #ej4 ,betwe5 reveille & retreat1 :5 ! gu>d has be5 turn$ out = any p]son entitl$ to ! complim5t 7see p>s4 #bbb & #bbd71 ! comm&] ( ! gu>d1 if an (fic]1 w receive ! report ( ! s]geant1 return+ ! salute ( ! latt] ) ! "r h&4 ,he w !n draw 8 sab] & place himself two paces 9 front ( ! c5t] ( ! gu>d4 ,:5 ! p]son = :om ! gu>d has be5 turn$ out approa*es he faces 8 gu>d & comm&s3 #a4 ,pres5t1 #b4 ,,arms2 faces to ! front & salutes4 ,:5 8 salute is ackn[l$g$ he resumes ! c>ry1 faces ab\t1 & comm&s3 #a4 ,ord]1 #b4 ,,arms2 & faces to ! front4 ,if x be an (fic] entitl$ to inspect ! gu>d1 aft] salut+ & be=e br++ 8 gu>d to an ord]1 ! (fic] ( ! gu>d reports3 ,sir1 all pres5t or acc\nt$ =2 or ,sir1 7s-&-s7 is abs5t2 or1 if ! roll call has be5 omitt$3 ,sir1 ! gu>d is =m$1 except t at gu>d m\nt+ ! comm&]s ( ! gu>ds pres5t _! gu>ds & salute )\t mak+ any report4 ,betwe5 retreat & reveille ! comm&] ( ! gu>d salutes & reports1 b does n br+ ! gu>d to a pres5t4 #ea4 ,to ^? entitl$ to h ! gu>d turn$ out b n entitl$ to inspect x no report w be made2 nor w a report be made to any (fic] unless he halts 9 front ( ! gu>d4 #eb4 ,:5 a gu>d comm&$ by a noncommission$ (fic] is turn$ out z a complim5t or = inspection ! noncommission$ (fic]1 /&+ at a "r %\ld] on ! "r ( ! "r guide1 comm&s3 #a4 ,pres5t1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,he !n executes ! rifle salute4 ,if a report be also requir$1 he w1 aft] salut+ & be=e br++ 8 gu>d to an ord]1 report z prescrib$ = ! (fic] ( ! gu>d4 7,p>4 #ej47 #ec4 ,:5 a gu>d is 9 l9e1 n "u inspection1 & comm&$ by an (fic]2 ! comm&] ( ! gu>d salutes 8 regim5tal1 battalion1 & company comm&] by br++ ! gu>d to att5tion & salut+ 9 p]son4 ,= all o!r (fic]s1 except+ ^? entitl$ to ! complim5t f a gu>d 7p>4 #bbd71 ! comm&] ( ! gu>d salutes 9 p]son1 b does n br+ ! gu>d to att5tion4 ,:5 comm&$ by a noncommission$ (fic]1 ! gu>d is br\ght to att5tion 9 ei!r case1 & ! noncommission$ (fic] salutes4 ,! comm&] ( a gu>d ex*anges salutes ) ! comm&]s ( all o!r bodies ( troops2 ! gu>d is br\ght to att5tion dur+ ! ex*ange4 ,pres5t arms is execut$ by a gu>d only :5 x has turn$ out = inspection or z a complim5t1 & at ! c]emonies ( gu>d m\nt+ & reliev+ ! old gu>d4 #ed4 ,9 m>*+ a gu>d or a deta*m5t ( a gu>d ! pr9ciples ( p>agraph #ec apply4 ,eyes "r is execut$ only 9 ! c]emonies ( gu>d m\nt+ & reliev+ ! old gu>d4 #ee4 ,if a p]son entitl$ to ! complim5t1 or ! regim5tal1 battalion1 or company comm&]1 passes 9 re> ( a gu>d1 nei!r ! complim5t nor ! salute is giv51 b ! gu>d is br\ght to att5tion :ile su* p]son is opposite ! po/ ( ! comm&]4 ,aft] any p]son has receiv$ or decl9$ ! complim5t1 or receiv$ ! salute f ! comm&] ( ! gu>d1 (ficial recognition ( 8 pres5ce !reaft] :ile he rema9s 9 ! vic9ity w be tak5 by br++ ! gu>d to att5tion4 #ef4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d w inspect ! gu>d at reveille & retreat1 & at su* o!r times z may be necess>y1 to assure himself t ! m5 are 9 prop] condition to p]=m _! duties & t _! arms & equipm5ts are 9 prop] condition4 ,= inspection by o!r (fic]s1 he prep>es ! gu>d 9 ea* case z direct$ by ! inspect+ (fic]4 #eg4 ,! gu>d w n be p>ad$ dur+ c]emonies unless direct$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #eh4 ,at all =mations memb]s ( ! gu>d or reliefs w execute inspection arms z prescrib$ 9 ! drill regulations ( _! arm4 #ei4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d w see t all s5t9els are habitually reliev$ e two h\rs1 unless ! wea!r or o!r causes makes x necess>y t x be done at %ort] or long] int]vals1 z direct$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #fj4 ,he w "q 8 noncommission$ (fic]s & s5t9els relative to ! in/ructions !y may h receiv$ f ! old gu>d2 he w see t patrols & visits ( inspection are made z direct$ by ! (fic] ( ! day4 #fa4 ,he w see t ! special ord]s = ea* po/ & memb] ( ! gu>d1 ei!r writt5 or pr9t$1 are po/$ 9 ! gu>dh\se &1 if practicable1 9 ! s5try box or o!r %elt]$ place to :i* ! memb] ( ! gu>d has con/ant access4 #fb4 ,he w see t ! prop] calls are s\nd$ at ! h\rs appo9t$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #fc4 ,%\ld a memb] ( ! gu>d be tak5 sick1 or be arre/$1 or des]t1 or leave 8 gu>d1 he w at once notify ! (fic] ( ! day4 7,p>4 #bc47 #fd4 ,he w1 :5 ! c\nt]sign is us$ 7p>s4 #baj to #baf71 communicate x to ! noncommission$ (fic]s ( ! gu>d & see t x is duly communicat$ to ! s5t9els be=e ! h\r ( *all5g+2 ! c\nt]sign w n be giv5 to s5t9els po/$ at ! gu>dh\se4 #fe4 ,he w h ! details = hoi/+ ! flag at reveille & l[]+ x at retreat1 & = fir+ ! reveille & retreat gun1 made 9 "t = ! prop] p]=mance ( ^! duties4 7,see p>s4 #cch1 #cdd1 #cde1 & #cdf47 ,he w see t ! flags are kept 9 ! be/ condition possible1 & t !y are nev] h&l$ except 9 ! prop] p]=mance ( duty4 #ff4 ,he may p]mit memb]s ( ! gu>d :ile at ! gu>dh\se to remove _! headdress1 ov]coats1 & gloves2 if !y leave ! gu>dh\se = any purpose :atev]1 he w require t !y be prop]ly equipp$ & arm$ accord+ to ! "* ( ! s]vice 9 :i* engag$1 or z direct$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #fg4 ,he w ent] 9 ! gu>d report a report ( 8 t\r ( duty &1 on ! completion ( 8 t\r1 w pres5t x to ! (fic] ( ! day4 ,he w transmit ) 8 report all passes turn$ 9 at ! po/ ( ! gu>d4 #fh4 ,:5ev] a prison] is s5t to ! gu>dh\se or gu>d t5t = conf9em5t he w cause him to be se>*$1 & w1 )\t unnecess>y delay1 report ! case to ! (fic] ( ! day4 #fi4 ,"u w> conditions1 if anyone is to be pass$ out ( camp at night1 he w be s5t to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d1 :o w h him pass$ beyond ! s5t9els4 #gj4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d w deta9 at ! gu>dh\se all suspici\s *>act]s or p>ties attempt+ to pass a s5t9el's po/ )\t au?ority1 report+ 8 action to ! (fic] ( ! day1 to :om p]sons s arre/$ w be s5t1 if necess>y4 #ga4 ,he w inspect ! gu>drooms & cells1 & ! irons ( su* prison]s z may be iron$1 at lea/ once dur+ 8 t\r1 & at su* o!r times z he may deem necess>y4 #gb4 ,he w cause ! corporals ( ! old & new reliefs to v]ify toge!r1 imm$iately be=e ea* relief goes on po/1 ! numb] ( prison]s :o %\ld !n prop]ly be at ! gu>dh\se4 #gc4 ,he w see t ! s5t5ces ( prison]s "u 8 *>ge are execut$ /rictly 9 accordance ) ! action ( ! review+ au?ority4 #gd4 ,:5 no special prison] gu>d has be5 detail$ 7p>4 #cjj71 he w1 z f> z practicable1 assign z gu>ds ov] work+ p>ties ( prison]s s5t9els f po/s gu>d$ at night only4 #ge4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d w inspect all meals s5t to ! gu>dh\se & see t ! quantity & quality ( food are 9 accordance ) regulations4 #gf4 ,at gu>d m\nt+ he w report to ! old (fic] ( ! day all cases ( prison]s ^: t]ms ( s5t5ce expire on t day1 & also all cases ( prison]s conc]n+ :om no /atem5t ( *>ges has be5 receiv$4 7,see p>4 #bda47 #gg4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d is responsible = ! security ( ! prison]s "u ! *>ge ( 8 gu>d2 he becomes responsible = !m aft] _! numb] has be5 v]ifi$ & !y h be5 turn$ ov] to ! cu/ody ( 8 gu>d by ! old gu>d or by ! prison] gu>d or ov]se]s4 #gh4 ,! prison]s w be v]ifi$ & turn$ ov] to ! new gu>d )\t p>ad+ !m1 unless ! comm&+ (fic] or ! (fic] ( ! day %all direct o!rwise4 #gi4 ,to receive ! prison]s at ! gu>dh\se :5 !y h be5 p>ad$ & aft] !y h be5 v]ifi$ by ! (fic]s ( ! day1 ! comm&] ( ! new gu>d directs 8 s]geant to =m 8 gu>d ) an int]val1 & comm&s3 #a4 ,prison]s1 #b4 ,"r1 #c4 ,,face1 #d4 ,=w>d1 #e4 ,,m>*4 ,! prison]s hav+ arriv$ opposite ! int]val 9 ! new gu>d1 he comm&s3 #a4 ,prison]s1 #b4 ,,halt1 #c4 ,left1 #d4 ,,face1 #e4 ,"r 7or left71 #f4 ,,dress1 #g4 ,,front4 ,! prison]s dress on ! l9e ( ! new gu>d4 ,section #e4 ,s]geant ( ! gu>d4 #hj4 ,! s5ior noncommission$ (fic] ( ! gu>d always acts z s]geant ( ! gu>d & if !re be no (fic] ( ! gu>d w p]=m ! duties prescrib$ = ! comm&] ( ! gu>d4 #ha4 ,! s]geant ( ! gu>d has g5]al sup]vision ov] ! o!r noncommission$ (fic]s & ! musicians & privates ( ! gu>d1 & mu/ be ?or\ghly famili> ) all ( _! ord]s & duties4 #hb4 ,he is directly responsible = ! prop]ty "u *>ge ( ! gu>d & w see t x is prop]ly c>$ =4 ,he w make li/s ( articles tak5 out by work+ p>ties & see t all su* articles are duly return$4 ,if !y are n1 he w imm$iately report ! fact to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d4 #hc4 ,imm$iately aft] gu>d m\nt+ he w prep>e duplicate li/s ( ! names ( all noncommission$ (fic]s1 musicians1 & privates ( ! gu>d1 %[+ ! relief & po/ or duties ( ea*4 ,"o li/ w be h&$ z soon z possible to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d2 ! o!r w be reta9$ by ! s]geant4 #hd4 ,he w see t all reliefs are turn$ out at ! prop] "t1 & t ! corporals ?or\ghly und]/&1 & are prompt & effici5t 9 ! dis*>ge ( _! duties4 #he4 ,dur+ ! tempor>y abs5ce f ! gu>dh\se ( ! s]geant ( ! gu>d1 ! next 9 rank ( ! noncommission$ (fic]s w p]=m 8 duties4 #hf4 ,%\ld ! corporal ^: relief is on po/ be call$ away f ! gu>dh\se1 ! s]geant ( ! gu>d w designate a noncommission$ (fic] to take ! corporal's place until 8 return4 #hg4 ,! s]geant ( ! gu>d is responsible at all times = ! prop] police ( ! gu>dh\se or gu>d t5t1 includ+ ! gr\nd ab\t !m & ! prison cells4 #hh4 ,at fir/ s]geant's call he w proce$ to ! adjutant's (fice & obta9 ! gu>d report book4 #hi4 ,:5 ! national or regim5tal colors are tak5 f ! /acks ( ! color l9e1 ! color be>] & gu>d1 or ! s]geant ( ! gu>d1 un>m$1 & two arm$ privates z a gu>d1 w escort ! colors to ! colonel's qu>t]s1 z prescrib$ = ! color gu>d 9 ! drill regulations ( ! arm ( ! s]vice to :i* ! gu>d belongs4 #ij4 ,he w report to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d any suspici\s or unusual occurr5ce t comes "u 8 notice1 w w>n him ( ! approa* ( any arm$ body1 & w s5d to him all p]sons arre/$ by ! gu>d4 #ia4 ,:5 ! gu>d is turn$ out its =mation w be z foll[s3 ,! s5ior noncommission$ (fic]1 if comm&] ( ! gu>d1 is on ! "r ( ! "r guide2 if n comm&] ( ! gu>d1 he is 9 ! l9e ( file clos]s1 9 re> ( ! "r f\r ( ! gu>d2 ! next 9 rank is "r guide2 ! next left guide2 ! o!rs 9 ! l9e ( file clos]s1 usually ea* 9 re> ( 8 relief2 ! field music1 ) its left ?ree paces to ! "r ( ! "r guide4 ,! reliefs =m 9 ! same ord] z :5 ! gu>d 0 fir/ divid$1 except t if ! gu>d consi/s ( dism\nt$ ,cavalry & ,infantry1 ! ,cavalry =ms on ! left4 #ib4 ,! s]geant =ms ! gu>d1 calls ! roll1 &1 if n 9 comm& ( ! gu>d1 reports to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d z prescrib$ 9 drill regulations = a fir/ s]geant =m+ a troop or company2 ! gu>d is n divid$ into platoons or sections1 &1 except :5 ! :ole gu>d is =m$ prior to m>*+ (f1 f\rs are n c\nt$4 #ic4 ,! s]geant reports z foll[s3 ,sir1 all pres5t or acc\nt$ =1 or ,sir1 7s-&-s7 is abs5t2 or if ! roll call has be5 omitt$1 ,sir1 ! gu>d is =m$4 ,only m5 abs5t )\t prop] au?ority are report$ abs5t4 ,he !n takes 8 place )\t comm&4 #id4 ,at night ! roll may be call$ by reliefs & numb]s in/ead ( names2 ?us1 ! fir/ relief be+ on po/3 ,second relief2 ,no4 #a2 ,no4 #b2 etc42 ,?ird relief1 ,corporal2 ,no4 #a1 etc4 #ie4 ,call+ ! roll w be disp5s$ ) 9 =m+ ! gu>d :5 x is turn$ out z a complim5t1 on ! approa* ( an arm$ body1 or 9 any sudd5 em]g5cy2 b 9 su* cases ! roll may be call$ be=e dismiss+ ! gu>d4 ,if ! gu>d be turn$ out = an (fic] entitl$ to inspect x1 ! roll w1 unless he directs o!rwise1 always be call$ be=e a report is made4 #if4 ,! s]geant ( ! gu>d has direct *>ge ( ! prison]s1 except dur+ su* "t z !y may be "u ! *>ge ( ! prison] gu>d or ov]se]s1 & is responsible to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d = _! security4 #ig4 ,he w c>ry ! keys ( ! gu>droom & cells1 & w n suff] !m to leave 8 p]sonal possession :ile he is at ! gu>dh\se1 except z h]e9aft] provid$4 7,p>4 #ii47 ,%\ld he leave ! gu>dh\se = any purpose he w turn ! keys ov] to ! noncommission$ (fic] :o takes 8 place4 7,p>4 #he47 #ih4 ,he w c\nt ! knives1 =ks1 etc41 giv5 to ! prison]s ) _! food1 & see t none ( ^! articles rema9 9 _! possession4 ,he w see t no =bidd5 articles ( any k9d are convey$ to ! prison]s4 #ii4 ,prison]s :5 p>ad$ ) ! gu>d are plac$ 9 l9e1 9 its c5t]4 ,! s]geant1 imm$iately be=e =m+ ! gu>d1 w turn ov] 8 keys to ! noncommission$ (fic] at ! gu>dh\se4 ,hav+ =m$ ! gu>d he w divide x into two ne>ly equal p>ts4 ,indicat+ ! po9t ( division ) 8 h&1 he comm&s3 #a4 ,"r 7or left71 #b4 ,,face1 #c4 ,=w>d1 #d4 ,,m>*1 #e4 ,gu>d1 #f4 ,,halt1 #g4 ,left 7or "r71 #h4 ,,face4 ,if ! fir/ comm& be "r face1 ! "r half ( ! gu>d only w execute ! movem5ts2 if left face1 ! left half only w execute !m4 ,! comm& halt is giv5 :5 suffici5t int]val is obta9$ to admit ! prison]s4 ,! doors ( ! gu>droom & cells are !n op5$ by ! noncommission$ (fic] hav+ ! keys4 ,! prison]s w file out "u ! sup]vision ( ! s]geant1 ! noncommission$ (fic]1 & s5t9el on duty at ! gu>dh\se1 & su* o!r s5t9els z may be necess>y2 !y w =m 9 l9e 9 ! int]val betwe5 ! two p>ts ( ! gu>d4 #ajj4 ,to return ! prison]s to ! gu>droom & cells1 ! s]geant comm&s3 #a4 ,prison]s1 #b4 ,"r 7or left71 #c4 ,,face1 #d4 ,column "r 7or left71 #e4 ,,m>*4 ,! prison]s1 "u ! same sup]vision z be=e1 return to _! prop] rooms or cells4 #aja4 ,to close ! gu>d1 ! s]geant comm&s3 #a4 ,left 7or "r71 #b4 ,,face1 #c4 ,=w>d1 #d4 ,,m>*1 #e4 ,gu>d1 #f4 ,,halt1 #g4 ,"r 7or left71 #h4 ,,face4 ,! left or "r half only ( ! gu>d1 z indicat$1 executes ! movem5t4 #ajb4 ,if !re be b few prison]s1 ! s]geant may indicate ! po9t ( division z above1 & =m ! necess>y int]val by ! comm&s3 #a4 ,"r 7or left7 /ep1 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,gu>d1 #d4 ,,halt1 & close ! int]vals by ! comm&s3 #a4 ,left 7or "r7 /ep1 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,gu>d1 #d4 ,,halt4 #ajc4 ,if s5t9els are num]\s1 reliefs may1 at ! discretion ( ! comm&+ (fic]1 be po/$ 9 deta*m5ts1 & s]geants z well z corporals requir$ to relieve & po/ !m4 ,section #f4 ,corporal ( ! ,gu>d4 #ajd4 ,a corporal ( ! gu>d receives & obeys ord]s f none b noncommission$ (fic]s ( ! gu>d s5ior to himself1 ! (fic]s ( ! gu>d1 ! (fic] ( ! day1 & ! comm&+ (fic]4 #aje4 ,x is ! duty ( ! corporal ( ! gu>d to po/ & relieve s5t9els & to in/ruct ! memb]s ( 8 relief 9 _! ord]s & duties4 #ajf4 ,imm$iately aft] ! division ( ! gu>d into reliefs ! corporals w assign ! memb]s ( _! respective reliefs to po/s by numb]1 & a soldi] s assign$ to 8 po/ w n be *ang$ to ano!r dur+ ! same t\r ( gu>d duty unless by direction ( ! comm&] ( ! gu>d or high] au?ority4 ,usually exp]i5c$ soldi]s are plac$ ov] ! arms ( ! gu>d & at remote & responsible po/s4 #ajg4 ,ea* corporal w !n make a li/ ( ! memb]s ( 8 relief1 includ+ himself4 ,?is li/ w conta9 ! numb] ( ! relief1 ! "n1 ! company1 & ! regim5t ( e memb] !re( & ! po/ to :i* ea* is assign$4 ,! li/ w be made 9 duplicate1 "o copy to be giv5 to ! s]geant ( ! gu>d z soon z complet$1 ! o!r to be reta9$ by ! corporal4 #ajh4 ,:5 direct$ by ! comm&] ( ! gu>d1 ! corporal ( ! fir/ relief =ms 8 relief1 & !n comm&s3 ,,call ,,(f4 ,comm5c+ on ! "r1 ! m5 call (f alt]nately re> & front rank1 "o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 & s on2 if 9 s+le rank1 !y call (f f "r to left4 ,! corporal !n comm&s3 #a4 ,"r1 #b4 ,,face1 #c4 ,=w>d1 #d4 ,,m>*4 ,! corporal m>*es on ! left & ne> ! re> file 9 ord] to obs]ve ! m>*4 ,! corporal ( ! old gu>d m>*es on ! "r ( ! lead+ file1 & takes comm& :5 ! la/ "o ( ! old s5t9els is reliev$1 *ang+ places ) ! corporal ( ! new gu>d4 #aji4 ,:5 ! relief arrives at six paces f a s5t9el 7see p>4 #afh71 ! corporal halts x & comm&s1 accord+ to ! numb] ( ! po/3 ,no4 7----74 ,bo? s5t9els execute port arms or sab]2 ! new s5t9el approa*es ! old1 halt+ ab\t "o pace f him4 7,see p>4 #agb47 #aaj4 ,! corporals advance & place !mselves1 fac+ ea* o!r1 a little 9 advance ( ! new s5t9el1 ! old corporal on 8 "r1 ! new corporal on 8 left1 bo? at a "r %\ld]1 & obs]ve t ! old s5t9el transmits correctly 8 in/ructions4 ,! foll[+ diagram w illu/rate ! positions tak53 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,r - ,c ,d - ,b ,r is ! relief2 ,a1 ! new corporal2 ,b1 ! old2 ,c1 ! new s5t9el2 ,d1 ! old4 #aaa4 ,! in/ructions relative to ! po/ hav+ be5 communicat$1 ! new corporal comm&s1 ,po/2 bo? s5t9els !n resume ! "r %\ld]1 face t[>d ! new corporal1 & /ep back s z to all[ ! relief to pass 9 front ( !m4 ,! new corporal !n comm&s3 #a4 ,=w>d1 #b4 ,,m>*2 ! old s5t9el takes 8 place 9 re> ( ! relief z x passes him1 8 piece 9 ! same position an ^? ( ! relief4 ,! new s5t9el /&s fa/ at a "r %\ld] until ! relief has pass$ six paces beyond him1 :5 he walks 8 po/4 ,! corporals take _! places z ! relief passes !m4 #aab4 ,m\nt$ s5t9els are po/$ & reliev$ 9 accordance ) ! same pr9ciples4 #aac4 ,on ! return ( ! old relief1 ! corporal ( ! new gu>d falls out :5 ! relief halts2 ! corporal ( ! old gu>d =ms 8 relief on ! left ( ! old gu>d1 salutes1 & reports to ! comm&] ( 8 gu>d3 ,sir1 ! relief is pres5t2 or ,sir1 7s-&-s7 is abs5t1 & takes 8 place 9 ! gu>d4 #aad4 ,to po/ a relief o!r ?an t :i* is po/$ :5 ! old gu>d is reliev$1 its corporal comm&s3 #a4 7,su*7 relief1 #b4 ,,fall ,,92 & if arms are /ack$1 !y are tak5 at ! prop] comm&s4 ,! relief is =m$ fac+ to ! front1 ) arms at an ord]1 ! m5 place !mselves accord+ to ! numb]s ( _! respective po/s1 viz1 two1 f\r1 six1 & s on1 9 ! front rank1 & "o1 ?ree1 five1 & s on1 9 ! re> rank4 ,! corporal1 /&+ ab\t two paces 9 front ( ! c5t] ( 8 relief1 !n comm&s3 ,,call ,,(f4 ,! m5 call (f z prescrib$4 ,! corporal !n comm&s3 #a4 ,inspection1 #b4 ,,arms1 #c4 ,ord]1 #d4 ,,arms2 faces ! comm&] ( ! gu>d1 executes ! rifle salute1 reports3 ,sir1 ! relief is pres5t2 or ,sir1 7s-&-s7 is abs5t2 he !n takes 8 place on ! "r at ord] arms4 #aae4 ,:5 ! comm&] ( ! gu>d directs ! corporal1 ,po/ y\r relief1 ! corporal salutes & po/s 8 relief z prescrib$ 7,p>s4 #ajh to #aaa72 ! corporal ( ! relief on po/ does n g ) ! new relief1 except :5 necess>y to %[ ! way4 #aaf4 ,to dismiss ! old relief1 x is halt$ & fac$ to ! front at ! gu>dh\se by ! corporal ( ! new relief1 :o !n falls out2 ! corporal ( ! old relief !n /eps 9 front ( ! relief & dismisses x by ! prop] comm&s4 #aag4 ,%\ld ! pieces h be5 load$ be=e ! relief 0 po/$1 ! corporal w1 be=e dismiss+ ! relief1 see t no c>tridges are left 9 ! *amb]s or magaz9es4 ,! same rule applies to s5t9els ov] prison]s4 #aah4 ,ea* corporal w ?or\ghly acqua9t himself ) all ! special ord]s ( e s5t9el on 8 relief1 & see t ea* und]/&s & correctly transmits su* ord]s 9 detail to 8 successor4 #aai4 ,!re %\ld be at lea/ "o noncommission$ (fic] con/antly on ! al]t at ! gu>dh\se1 usually ! corporal ^: relief is on po/4 ,?is noncommission$ (fic] takes po/ ne> ! entrance ( ! gu>dh\se1 & does n fall 9 ) ! gu>d :5 x is =m$4 ,he w h 8 rifle con/antly ) him4 #abj4 ,:5ev] x becomes necess>y = ! corporal to leave 8 po/ ne> ! entrance ( ! gu>dh\se1 he w notify ! s]geant ( ! gu>d1 :o w at once take 8 place1 or designate ano!r noncommission$ (fic] to d s4 #aba4 ,he w see t no p]son ent]s ! gu>dh\se or gu>d t5t1 or crosses ! po/s ( ! s5t9els !re po/$ )\t prop] au?ority4 #abb4 ,%\ld any s5t9el call = ! corporal ( ! gu>d1 ! corporal w1 9 e case1 at once & quickly proce$ to su* s5t9el4 ,he w notify ! s]geant ( ! gu>d be=e leav+ ! gu>dh\se4 #abc4 ,he w at once report to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d any violation ( regulations or any unusual occurr5ce :i* is report$ to him by a s5t9el1 or :i* comes to 8 notice 9 any o!r way4 #abd4 ,%\ld a s5t9el call ,! ,gu>d1 ! corporal w promptly notify ! comm&] ( ! gu>d4 #abe4 ,%\ld a s5t9el call ,relief1 ! corporal w at once proce$ to ! po/ ( su* s5t9el1 tak+ ) him ! man next = duty on t po/4 ,if ! s5t9el is reliev$ = a %ort "t only1 ! corporal w aga9 po/ him z soon z ! necessity = 8 relief ceases4 #abf4 ,:5 ! c\nt]sign is us$1 ! corporal at ! po/+ ( ! relief dur+ ^: t\r *all5g+ is to beg9 gives ! c\nt]sign to ! memb]s ( ! relief1 except+ ^? po/$ at ! gu>dh\se4 #abg4 ,he w wake ! corporal ^: relief is next on po/ 9 "t = ! latt] to v]ify ! prison]s1 =m 8 relief1 & po/ x at ! prop] h\r4 #abh4 ,%\ld ! gu>d be turn$ out1 ea* corporal w call 8 own relief1 & cause its memb]s to fall 9 promptly4 #abi4 ,t5ts or bunks 9 ! same vic9ity w be designat$ = ! reliefs s t all ! memb]s ( ea* relief may1 if necess>y1 be f\nd & turn$ out by ! corporal 9 ! lea/ "t & ) ! lea/ confusion4 #acj4 ,:5 *all5g$ by a s5t9el :ile po/+ 8 relief1 ! corporal comm&s3 #a4 ,relief1 #b4 ,,halt2 to ! s5t9el's *all5ge he answ]s ,relief1 & at ! ord] ( ! s5t9el he advances alone to give ! c\nt]sign1 or to be recogniz$4 ,:5 ! s5t9el says1 ,advance relief1 ! corporal comm&s3 #a4 ,=w>d1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,if to be reliev$1 ! s5t9el is !n reliev$ z prescrib$4 #aca4 ,betwe5 retreat & reveille1 ! corporal ( ! gu>d w *all5ge all suspici\s look+ p]sons or p>ties he may obs]ve1 fir/ halt+ 8 patrol or relief1 if ei!r be ) him4 ,he w advance !m 9 ! same mann] t s5t9els on po/ advance l p>ties 7,p>s4 #aia to #aig71 b if ! r\te ( a patrol is on a cont9u\s *a9 ( s5t9els1 he %\ld n *all5ge p]sons com+ ne> him unless he has reason to believe t !y h elud$ ! vigilance ( s5t9els4 #acb4 ,betwe5 retreat & reveille1 :5ev] s ord]$ by an (fic] entitl$ to inspect ! gu>d1 ! corporal w call3 ,turn out ! gu>d1 ann\nc+ ! title ( ! (fic]1 & !n1 if n o!rwise ord]$1 he w salute & return to 8 po/4 #acc4 ,z a g5]al rule he w advance p>ties approa*+ ! gu>d at night 9 ! same mann] t s5t9els on po/ advance l p>ties4 ,?us1 ! s5t9el at ! gu>dh\se *all5ges & repeats ! answ] to ! corporal1 z prescrib$ h]eaft] 7,p>4 #bjj72 ! corporal1 advanc+ at port arms1 says3 ,advance 7s-&-s7 ) ! c\nt]sign1 or to be recogniz$1 if !re be no c\nt]sign us$2 ! c\nt]sign be+ correctly giv51 or ! p>ty be+ duly recogniz$1 ! corporal says3 ,advance 7s-&-s71 repeat+ ! answ] to ! *all5ge ( ! s5t9el4 #acd4 ,:5 (fic]s ( diff]5t rank approa* ! gu>dh\se f diff]5t directions at ! same "t1 ! s5ior w be advanc$ fir/1 & w n be made to wait = 8 junior4 #ace4 ,out ( ranks & "u arms1 ! corporal salutes ) ! rifle salute4 ,he w salute all (fic]s1 :e!r by day or night4 #acf4 ,! corporal w exam9e p>ties halt$ & deta9$ by s5t9els1 &1 if he h reason to believe ! p>ties h no au?ority to cross s5t9el's po/s1 w conduct !m to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d4 #acg4 ,! corporal ( ! gu>d w arre/ all suspici\s look+ *>act]s pr[l+ ab\t ! po/ or camp1 all p]sons ( a disord]ly "* di/urb+ ! peace1 & all p]sons tak5 9 ! act ( committ+ crime aga9/ ! ,gov]nm5t on a milit>y res]vation or po/4 ,all p]sons arre/$ by corporals ( ! gu>d or by s5t9els w at once be conduct$ to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d by ! corporal4 ,section #g4 ,musicians ( ! gu>d4 #ach4 ,! musicians ( ! gu>d w s\nd calls z prescrib$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #aci4 ,%\ld ! gu>d be turn$ out = national or regim5tal colors or /&>ds1 uncas$1 ! field music ( ! gu>d w1 :5 ! gu>d pres5t arms1 s\nd1 ,to ! color or ,to ! /&>d2 or1 if = any p]son entitl$ !reto1 ! m>*1 fl\ri%es1 or ruffles1 prescrib$ 9 p>agraphs #cge1 #cgf1 & #cgg1 ,a4 ,r4 ,section #h4 ,ord]lies & color s5t9els4 #adj4 ,:5 s direct$ by ! comm&+ (fic]1 ! (fic] :o inspects ! gu>d at gu>d m\nt+ w select f ! memb]s ( ! new gu>d an ord]ly = ! comm&+ (fic] & su* numb] ( o!r ord]lies & color s5t9els z may be requir$4 #ada4 ,= ^! positions ! soldi]s w be *os5 :o are mo/ correct 9 ! p]=mance ( duty & 9 milit>y be>+1 neate/ 9 p]son & clo?+1 & ^: arms & acc\t]m5ts are 9 ! be/ condition4 ,clo?+1 arms1 & equipm5ts mu/ con=m to regulations4 ,if !re is any d\bt z to ! relative qualifications ( two or m soldi]s1 ! inspect+ (fic] w cause !m to fall out at ! gu>dh\se & to =m 9 l9e 9 s+le rank4 ,he w !n1 by te/+ !m 9 drill regulations1 select ! mo/ pr(ici5t4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d w be notifi$ ( ! selection4 #adb4 ,:5 direct$ by ! comm&] ( ! gu>d to fall out & report an ord]ly w give 8 "n1 company1 & regim5t to ! s]geant ( ! gu>d1 &1 leav+ 8 rifle 9 ! arm rack 9 8 company qu>t]s1 w proce$ at once to ! (fic] to :om he is assign$1 report+3 ,sir1 ,private ----1 ,company ----1 reports z ord]ly4 #adc4 ,if ! ord]ly select$ be a cavalryman1 he w leave 8 rifle 9 ! arm rack ( 8 troop qu>t]s & report ) 8 belt on1 b )\t side arms unless specially o!rwise ord]$4 #add4 ,ord]lies1 :ile on duty z su*1 are subject only to ! ord]s ( ! comm&+ (fic] & ( ! (fic]s to :om !y are ord]$ to report4 #ade4 ,:5 an ord]ly is ord]$ to c>ry a message1 he w be c>eful to deliv] x exactly z x 0 giv5 to him4 #adf4 ,8 t\r ( duty ends :5 he is reliev$ by ! ord]ly select$ f ! gu>d reliev+ 8 own4 #adg4 ,ord]lies are memb]s ( ! gu>d1 & _! "n1 company1 & regim5t are ent]$ on ! gu>d report & li/s ( ! gu>d4 #adh4 ,if a color l9e is e/abli%$1 suffici5t s5t9els are plac$ on ! color l9e to gu>d ! colors & /acks4 #adi4 ,color s5t9els are po/$ only s long z ! /acks are =m$4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d w divide ! "t equally among !m4 #aej4 ,:5 /acks are brok51 ! color s5t9els may be p]mitt$ to return to _! respective companies4 ,!y are requir$ to report 9 p]son to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d at reveille & retreat4 ,!y w fall 9 ) ! gu>d1 "u arms1 at gu>d m\nt+4 #aea4 ,color s5t9els are n plac$ on ! regul> reliefs1 nor are _! po/s numb]$4 ,9 call+ = ! corporal ( ! gu>d1 !y call3 ,corporal ( ! gu>d4 ,color l9e4 #aeb4 ,(fic]s or enli/$ m5 pass+ ! uncas$ colors w r5d] ! prescrib$ salute4 ,if ! colors are on ! /acks1 ! salute w be made on cross+ ! color l9e or on pass+ ! colors4 #aec4 ,a s5t9el plac$ ov] ! colors w n p]mit !m to be mov$ except 9 ! pres5ce ( an arm$ escort4 ,unless o!rwise ord]$ by ! comm&+ (fic]1 he w all[ no "o to t\* !m b ! color be>]4 ,he w n p]mit any soldi] to take arms f ! /acks or to t\* !m except by ord] ( an (fic] or noncommission$ (fic] ( ! gu>d4 ,if any p]son pass+ ! colors or cross+ ! color l9e fails to salute ! colors1 ! s5t9el w caution him to d s1 & if ! caution be n he$$ he w call ! corporal ( ! gu>d & report ! facts4 ,section #i4 ,privates ( ! ,gu>d4 #aed4 ,privates are assign$ to reliefs by ! comm&] ( ! gu>d1 & to po/s usually by ! corporal ( _! relief4 ,!y w n *ange f "o relief or po/ to ano!r dur+ ! same t\r ( gu>d duty unless by prop] au?ority4 ,section #aj4 ,ord]s = ,s5t9els4 #aee4 ,ord]s = s5t9els are ( two classes3 ,g5]al ord]s & special ord]s4 ,g5]al ord]s apply to all s5t9els4 ,special ord]s relate to p>ticul> po/s & duties4 #aef4 ,s5t9els w be requir$ to memorize ! foll[+3 ,my g5]al ord]s are3 #a4 ,to take *>ge ( ?is po/ & all ,gov]nm5t prop]ty 9 view4 #b4 ,to walk my po/ 9 a milit>y mann] keep+ always on ! al]t & obs]v+ ev]y?+ t takes place )9 sight or he>+4 #c4 ,to report all violations ( ord]s ,i am in/ruct$ to en=ce4 #d4 ,to repeat all calls f po/s m di/ant f ! gu>dh\se ?an my own4 #e4 ,to quit my po/ only :5 prop]ly reliev$4 #f4 ,to receive1 obey1 & pass on to ! s5t9el :o relieves me all ord]s f ! comm&+ (fic]1 (fic] ( ! day1 & (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s ( ! gu>d only4 #g4 ,to talk to no "o except 9 l9e ( duty4 #h4 ,9 case ( fire or disord] to give ! al>m4 #i4 ,to all[ no "o to commit a nuisance on or ne> my po/4 #aj4 ,9 any case n cov]$ by in/ructions to call ! corporal ( ! gu>d4 #aa4 ,to salute all (fic]s1 & all colors & /&>ds n cas$4 #ab4 ,to be especially wat*ful at night1 &1 dur+ ! "t = *all5g+1 to *all5ge all p]sons on or ne> my port & to all[ no "o to pass )\t prop] au?ority4 ,,regulations ,,relat+ ,,to ,,! ,,g5]al ,,ord]s ,,= ,,s5t9els4 ,no4 #a3 ,to take *>ge ( ?is po/ & all ,gov]nm5t prop]ty 9 view4 #aeg4 ,all p]sons1 ( :atev] rank 9 ! s]vice1 are requir$ to obs]ve respect t[>d s5t9els & memb]s ( ! gu>d :5 su* are 9 ! p]=mance ( _! duties4 #aeh4 ,a s5t9el w at once report to ! corporal ( ! gu>d e unusual or suspici\s occurr5ce not$4 #aei4 ,he w arre/ suspici\s p]sons pr[l+ ab\t ! po/ or camp at any "t1 all p>ties to a disord] occurr+ on or ne> 8 po/1 & all1 except au?oriz$ p]sons1 :o attempt to ent] ! camp at night1 & w turn ov] to ! corporal ( ! gu>d all p]sons arre/$4 #afj4 ,! numb]1 limits1 & ext5t ( 8 po/ w inv>iably con/itute "p ( ! special ord]s ( a s5t9el on po/4 ,! limits ( 8 po/ %\ld be s def9$ z to include e place to :i* he is requir$ to g 9 ! p]=mance ( 8 duties4 ,no4 #b3 ,to walk my po/ 9 a milit>y mann]1 keep+ always on ! al]t & obs]v+ ev]y?+ t takes place )9 sight or he>+4 #afa4 ,a s5t9el is n requir$ to halt & *ange ! position ( 8 rifle on arriv+ at ! end ( 8 po/1 nor to execute to ! re>1 m>*1 precisely z prescrib$ 9 ! drill regulations1 b faces ab\t :ile walk+ 9 ! mann] mo/ conv5i5t to him & at any "p ( 8 po/ z may be be/ suit$ to ! prop] p]=mance ( 8 duties4 ,he c>ries 8 rifle on ei!r %\ld]1 & 9 wet or sev]e wea!r1 :5 n 9 a s5try box1 may c>ry x at a secure4 #afb4 ,s5t9els :5 9 s5try boxes /& at ease4 ,s5try boxes w be us$ 9 wet wea!r only1 or at o!r times :5 specially au?oriz$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #afc4 ,9 v hot wea!r1 s5t9els may be au?oriz$ to /& at ease on _! po/s1 provid$ !y c effectively dis*>ge _! duties 9 ?is position2 b !y w take advantage ( ?is privilege only on ! express au?ority ( ! (fic] ( ! day or ! comm&] ( ! gu>d4 #afd4 ,a m\nt$ s5t9el may dism\nt occasionally & lead ! horse1 b w n relax 8 vigilance4 ,no4 #c3 ,to report all violations ( ord]s ,i am in/ruct$ to en=ce4 #afe4 ,a s5t9el w ord9>ily report a violation ( ord]s :5 he is inspect$ or reliev$1 b if ! case be urg5t1 he w call ! corporal ( ! gu>d1 & also1 if necess>y1 w arre/ ! (f5d]4 ,no4 #d3 ,to repeat all calls f po/s m di/ant f ! gu>dh\se ?an my own4 #aff4 ,to call ! corporal ( ! gu>d = any purpose o!r ?an relief1 fire1 or disord] 7p>s4 #afg & #agh71 a s5t9el w call1 ,corporal ( ! gu>d1 ,no4 7--71 add+ ! numb] ( 8 po/4 ,9 no case w any s5t9el call1 ,nev] m9d ! corporal2 nor w ! corporal he$ su* call if giv54 ,no4 #e3 ,to quit my po/ only :5 prop]ly reliev$4 #afg4 ,if relief becomes necess>y1 by reason ( sickness or o!r cause1 a s5t9el w call1 ,corporal ( ! gu>d1 ,no4 7----71 ,relief1 giv+ ! numb] ( 8 po/4 #afh4 ,:5ev] a s5t9el is to be reliev$1 he w halt1 & ) arms at a "r %\ld]1 w face t[>d ! relief1 :5 x is #cj paces f him4 ,he w come to a port arms ) ! new s5t9el1 & 9 a l[ tone w transmit to him all ! special ord]s relat+ to ! po/ & any o!r in=mation :i* w assi/ him to bett] p]=m 8 duties4 ,no4 #f3 ,to receive1 obey1 & pass on to ! s5t9el :o relieves me1 all ord]s f ! comm&+ (fic]1 (fic] ( ! day1 & (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s ( ! gu>d only4 #afi4 ,dur+ 8 t\r ( duty a soldi] is subject to ! ord]s ( ! comm&+ (fic]1 (fic] ( ! day1 & (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s ( ! gu>d only2 b any (fic] is compet5t to inve/igate app>5t violations ( regulations by memb]s ( ! gu>d4 #agj4 ,a s5t9el w quit 8 piece on an explicit ord] f any p]son f :om he lawfully receives ord]s :ile on po/2 "u no circum/ances w he yield x to any o!r p]son4 ,unless necessity !re= exi/s1 no p]son w require a s5t9el to quit 8 piece1 ev5 to all[ x to be inspect$4 #aga4 ,a s5t9el w n divulge ! c\nt]sign 7,p>s4 #bji to #bag7 to anyone except ! s5t9el :o relieves him1 or to a p]son f :om he prop]ly receives ord]s1 on su* p]son's v]bal ord] giv5 p]sonally4 ,privates ( ! gu>d w n use ! c\nt]sign except 9 ! p]=mance ( _! duties :ile po/$ z s5t9els4 ,no4 #g3 ,to talk to no "o except 9 l9e ( duty4 #agb4 ,:5 call+ = any purpose1 *all5g+1 or hold+ communication ) any p]son a dism\nt$ s5t9el arm$ ) a rifle or sab] w take ! position ( port arms or sab]4 ,at night a dism\nt$ s5t9el arm$ ) a pi/ol takes ! position ( rais$ pi/ol 9 *all5g+ or hold+ communication4 ,a m\nt$ s5t9el does n ord9>ily draw 8 weapon 9 ! daytime :5 *all5g+ or hold+ conv]sation2 b if drawn he holds x at advance rifle1 raise pi/ol1 or port sab]1 accord+ z he is arm$ ) a rifle1 pi/ol1 or sab]4 ,at night 9 *all5g+ & hold+ conv]sation 8 weapon is drawn & held z j prescrib$1 dep5d+ on :e!r he is arm$ ) a rifle1 pi/ol1 or sab]4 ,no4 #h3 ,9 case ( fire or disord] to give ! al>m4 #agc4 ,9 case ( fire1 a s5t9el w call1 ,fire1 ,no4 7----71 add+ ! numb] ( 8 po/2 if possible1 he w ext+ui% ! fire himself4 ,9 case ( disord] he w call1 ,! ,gu>d1 ,no4 7----71 add+ ! numb] ( 8 po/4 ,if ! dang] be great1 he w 9 ei!r case dis*>ge 8 piece be=e call+4 ,no4 #aa3 ,to salute all (fic]s & all colors & /&>ds n cas$4 #agd4 ,:5 n engag$ 9 ! p]=mance ( a specific duty1 ! prop] execution ( :i* w\ld prev5t x1 a memb] ( ! gu>d w salute all (fic]s :o pass him4 ,?is rule applies at all h\rs ( ! day or night1 except 9 ! case ( m\nt$ s5t9els arm$ ) a rifle or pi/ol1 or dism\nt$ s5t9els arm$ ) a pi/ol1 aft] *all5g+4 7,see p>4 #aha47 #age4 ,s5t9els w salute z foll[s3 ,a dism\nt$ s5t9el arm$ ) a rifle or sab] salutes by pres5t+ arms2 if o!rwise arm$1 he salutes ) ! "r h&4 ,a m\nt$ s5t9el1 if arm$ ) a sab] & ! sab] be drawn1 salutes by pres5t+ sab]2 o!rwise he salutes 9 all cases ) ! "r h&4 #agf4 ,to salute1 a dism\nt$ s5t9el1 ) piece at a "r %\ld] or sab] at a c>ry1 halts & faces t[>d ! p]son to be salut$ :5 ! latt] arrives )9 #cj paces4 ,! limit )9 :i* individuals & insignia ( rank c be readily recogniz$ is assum$ to be ab\t #cj paces1 & !re=e at ?is di/ance cognizance is tak5 ( ! p]son or p>ty to be salut$4 #agg4 ,! salute is r5d]$ at six paces2 if ! p]son to be salut$ does n arrive )9 t di/ance1 !n :5 he is ne>e/4 #agh4 ,a s5t9el 9 a s5try box1 arm$ ) a rifle1 /&s at att5tion 9 ! doorway on ! approa* ( a p]son or p>ty entitl$ to salute1 & salutes by pres5t+ arms accord+ to ! =ego+ rules4 ,if arm$ ) a sab]1 he /&s at a c>ry & salutes z be=e4 #agi4 ,a m\nt$ s5t9el on a regul> po/1 halts1 faces1 & salutes 9 accordance ) ! =ego+ rules4 ,if do+ patrol duty1 he salutes1 b does n halt unless spok5 to4 #ahj4 ,s5t9els salute1 9 accordance ) ! =ego+ rules1 all p]sons & p>ties entitl$ to complim5ts f ! gu>ds 7,p>s4 #bbd1 #bbg1 & #bbh72 (fic]s ( ! ,army1 ,navy1 & ,m>9e ,corps2 milit>y & naval (fic]s ( =eign p[]s2 (fic]s ( volunte]s & militia (fic]s :5 9 uni=m4 #aha4 ,a s5t9el salutes z j prescrib$ :5 an (fic] comes on 8 po/2 if ! (fic] holds communication ) ! s5t9el1 ! s5t9el aga9 salutes :5 ! (fic] leaves him4 ,dur+ ! h\rs :5 *all5g+ is prescrib$1 ! fir/ salute is giv5 z soon z ! (fic] has be5 duly recogniz$ & advanc$4 ,a m\nt$ s5t9el arm$ ) a rifle or pi/ol1 or a dism\nt$ s5t9el arm$ ) a pi/ol1 does n salute aft] *all5g+4 ,he /&s at advance rifle or raise pi/ol until ! (fic] passes4 #ahb4 ,9 case ( ! approa* ( an arm$ p>ty ( ! gu>d1 ! s5t9el w halt :5 x is ab\t #cj paces f him1 fac+ t[>d ! p>ty ) 8 piece at ! "r %\ld]4 ,if n himself reliev$1 he w1 z ! p>ty passes1 place himself s t ! p>ty w pass 9 front ( him2 he resumes walk+ 8 po/ :5 ! p>ty has rea*$ six paces beyond him4 #ahc4 ,an (fic] is entitl$ to ! complim5ts prescrib$1 :e!r 9 uni=m or n4 #ahd4 ,a s5t9el 9 communication ) an (fic] w n int]rupt ! conv]sation to salute4 ,9 ! case ( s5iors ! (fic] w salute1 :]eupon ! s5t9el w salute4 #ahe4 ,:5 ! flag is be+ l[]$ at retreat1 a s5t9el on po/ & 9 view ( ! flag w face ! flag1 &1 at ! fir/ note ( ! ,/>-,spangl$ ,bann] or to ! color w come to a pres5t arms4 ,at ! s\nd+ ( ! la/ note he w resume walk+ 8 po/4 ,no4 #ab3 ,to be especially wat*ful at night & dur+ ! "t = *all5g+1 to *all5ge all p]sons on or ne> my po/1 & to all[ no "o to pass )\t prop] au?ority4 #ahf4 ,dur+ *all5g+ h\rs1 if a s5t9el sees any p]son or p>ty on or ne> 8 po/1 he w advance rapidly along 8 po/ t[>d su* p]son or p>ty & :5 )9 ab\t #cj y>ds w *all5ge %>ply1 ,halt1 :o is !re8 ,he w place himself 9 ! be/ possible position to receive or1 if necess>y1 to arre/ ! p]son or p>ty4 #ahg4 ,9 case a m\nt$ p>ty be *all5g$1 ! s5t9el w call1 ,halt1 ,dism\nt4 ,:o is !re8 #ahh4 ,! s5t9el w p]mit only "o ( any p>ty to approa* him = ! purpose ( giv+ ! c\nt]sign 7,p>s4 #bjj to #bag71 or1 if no c\nt]sign be us$1 ( be+ duly recogniz$4 ,:5 ?is is done ! :ole p>ty is advanc$1 i4 e41 all[$ to pass4 #ahi4 ,9 all cases ! s5t9el mu/ satisfy himself beyond a reasonable d\bt t ! p>ties are :at !y repres5t !mselves to be & h a "r to pass4 ,if he is n satisfi$1 he mu/ cause !m to /& & call ! corporal ( ! gu>d4 ,s1 likewise1 if he h no au?ority to pass p]sons ) ! c\nt]sign1 or :5 ! p>ty has n ! c\nt]sign1 or gives an incorrect "o4 #aij4 ,a s5t9el w n p]mit any p]son to approa* s close z to prev5t ! prop] use ( 8 own weapon be=e recogniz+ ! p]son or receiv+ ! c\nt]sign4 #aia4 ,:5 two or m p]sons approa* 9 "o p>ty1 ! s5t9el1 on receiv+ an answ] t indicates t "s "o 9 ! p>ty has ! c\nt]sign1 w say1 ,advance "o ) ! c\nt]sign1 & if ! c\nt]sign is giv5 correctly1 w !n say1 ,advance 7s-&-s71 repeat+ ! answ] to 8 *all5ge4 ,?us if ! answ] be ,relief 7fri5d ) ! c\nt]sign1 patrol1 etc471 ! s5t9el w say1 ,advance "o ) ! c\nt]sign2 !n ,advance1 relief 7fri5ds1 patrol1 etc474 #aib4 ,if a p]son hav+ ! c\nt]sign approa* alone1 he is advanc$ to give ! c\nt]sign4 ,?us if ! answ] be ,fri5d ) ! c\nt]sign 7or (fic] ( ! day1 or etc471 ! s5t9el w say1 ,advance1 fri5d 7or (fic] ( ! day1 or etc47 ) ! c\nt]sign2 !n ,advance1 fri5d 7or (fic] ( ! day1 or etc474 #aic4 ,if two or m p]sons approa* a s5t9el's po/ f diff]5t directions at ! same "t1 all su* p]sons are *all5g$ 9 turn & requir$ to halt & to rema9 halt$ until advanc$4 ,! s5ior is fir/ advanc$1 9 accordance ) ! =ego+ rules4 #aid4 ,if a p>ty is already advanc$ & 9 communication ) a s5t9el1 ! latt] w *all5ge any o!r p>ty t may approa*2 if ! p>ty *all5g$ be s5ior to ! "o already on 8 po/1 ! s5t9el w advance ! new p>ty at once4 ,! s5ior may all[ him to advance any or all ( ! o!r p>ties2 o!rwise ! s5t9el w n advance any ( !m until ! s5ior leaves him4 ,he w !n advance ! s5ior only ( ! rema9+ p>ties1 & s on4 #aie4 ,! foll[+ ord] ( rank w gov]n a s5t9el 9 advanc+ diff]5t p]sons or p>ties approa*+ 8 po/3 ,comm&+ (fic]s1 (fic] ( ! day1 (fic] ( ! gu>d1 (fic]s1 patrols1 reliefs1 noncommission$ (fic]s ( ! gu>d 9 ord] ( rank1 fri5ds4 #aif4 ,a s5t9el w nev] all[ himself to be surpris$1 nor p]mit two p>ties to advance ^u him at ! same "t4 #aig4 ,if no c\nt]sign be us$1 ! rules = *all5g+ are ! same4 ,! rules = advanc+ p>ties are modifi$ only z foll[s3 ,in/ead ( say+ ,advance 7s-&-s7 ) ! c\nt]sign1 ! s5t9el w say ,advance 7s-&-s7 to be recogniz$4 ,^u recognition he w say1 ,advance 7s-&-s47 #aih4 ,answ]s to a s5t9el's *all5ge int5d$ to confuse or mislead him are prohibit$1 b ! use ( su* an answ] z ,fri5ds ) ! c\nt]sign1 is n to be und]/ood z mislead+1 b z ! usual answ] made by (fic]s1 patrols1 etc41 :5 ! purpose ( _! visit makes x desirable t _! (ficial capacity %\ld n be ann\nc$4 ,,special ,,ord]s ,,= ,,s5t9els ,,at ,,! ,,po/ ,,( ,,! ,,gu>d4 #aii4 ,s5t9els po/$ at ! gu>d w be requir$ to memorize ! foll[+3 ,betwe5 reveille & retreat to turn out ! gu>d = all p]sons designat$ by ! comm&+ (fic]1 = all colors or /&>ds n cas$1 & 9 "t ( w> = all arm$ p>ties approa*+ my po/1 except troops at drill & reliefs & deta*m5ts ( ! gu>d4 ,at night1 aft] *all5g+ any p]son or p>ty1 to advance no "o b call ! corporal ( ! gu>d1 repeat+ ! answ] to ! *all5ge4 #bjj4 ,aft] receiv+ an answ] to 8 *all5ge1 ! s5t9el calls1 ,corporal ( ! gu>d 7s-&-s71 repeat+ ! answ] to ! *all5ge4 ,he does n 9 su* cases repeat ! numb] ( 8 po/4 #bja4 ,he rema9s 9 ! position assum$ 9 *all5g+ until ! corporal has recogniz$ or advanc$ ! p]son or p>ty *all5g$1 :5 he resumes walk+ 8 po/1 or1 if ! p]son or p>ty be entitl$ !reto1 he salutes &1 z soon z ! salute has be5 ackn[l$g$1 resumes walk+ 8 po/4 #bjb4 ,! s5t9el at ! po/ ( ! gu>d w be notifi$ by direction ( ! comm&+ (fic] ( ! pres5ce 9 camp or g>rison ( p]sons entitl$ to ! complim5t4 7,p>4 #bbd47 #bjc4 ,! foll[+ examples illu/rate ! mann] 9 :i* ! s5t9el at ! po/ ( ! gu>d w turn out ! gu>d ^u ! approa* ( p]sons or p>ties entitl$ to ! complim5t 7,p>s4 #bbd1 #bbg1 & #bbh71 ,turn out ! gu>d1 comm&+ (fic]2 ,turn out ! gu>d1 gov]nor ( a ,t]ritory2 ,turn out ! gu>d1 national colors2 ,turn out ! gu>d1 arm$ p>ty2 etc4 ,at ! approa* ( ! new gu>d at gu>d m\nt+ ! s5t9el w call1 ,turn out ! gu>d1 arm$ p>ty4 #bjd4 ,%\ld ! p]son nam$ by ! s5t9el n desire ! gu>d =m$1 he w salute1 :]eupon ! s5t9el w call ,nev] m9d ! gu>d4 #bje4 ,aft] hav+ call$ ,turn out ! gu>d1 ! s5t9el w nev] call ,nev] m9d ! gu>d1 on ! approa* ( an arm$ p>ty4 #bjf4 ,?\gh ! gu>d be already =m$ he w n fail to call1 ,turn out ! gu>d1 z requir$ 9 8 special ord]s1 except t ! gu>d w n be turn$ out = any p]son :ile 8 s5ior is at or com+ to ! po/ ( ! gu>d4 #bjg4 ,! s5t9els at ! po/ ( ! gu>d w w>n ! comm&] ( ! approa* ( any arm$ body & ( ! pres5ce 9 ! vic9ity ( all suspici\s or disord]ly p]sons4 #bjh4 ,9 case ( fire or disord] 9 sight or he>+1 ! s5t9el at ! gu>dh\se w call ! corporal ( ! gu>d & report ! facts to him4 ,section #aa4 ,c\nt]signs & ,p>oles4 #bji4 ,sev5ty-sev5? article ( w>4--,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o makes kn[n ! p>ole or c\nt]sign to any p]son n entitl$ to receive x accord+ to ! rules & discipl9e ( w>1 or gives a p>ole or c\nt]sign diff]5t f t :i* he receiv$1 %all1 if ! (f5se be committ$ 9 "t ( w>1 suff] dea? or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 7,see ,p>4 #aga47 #baj4 ,! c\nt]sign is a ^w giv5 daily f ! pr9cipal headqu>t]s ( a comm& to aid gu>ds & s5t9els 9 id5tify+ p]sons :o may be au?oriz$ to pass at night4 ,x is giv5 to su* p]sons z may be au?oriz$ to pass & repass s5t9els' po/s dur+ ! night1 & to (fic]s1 noncommission$ (fic]s1 & s5t9els ( ! gu>d4 #baa4 ,! p>ole is a ^w us$ z a *eck on ! c\nt]sign 9 ord] to obta9 m accurate id5tification ( p]sons4 ,x is imp>t$ only to ^? :o are entitl$ to inspect gu>ds & to comm&]s ( gu>ds4 ,! p>ole or c\nt]sign1 or bo?1 are s5t seal$ 9 ! =m ( an ord] to ^? entitl$ to !m4 #bab4 ,:5 ! comm&] ( ! gu>d dem&s ! p>ole1 he w advance & receive x z ! corporal receives ! c\nt]sign4 7,see ,p>4 #acc47 #bac4 ,z ! communications conta9+ ! p>ole & c\nt]sign mu/ at times be di/ribut$ by _m ord]lies1 ! p>ole intru/$ to _m (fic]s1 & ! c\nt]sign & p>ole to _m (fic]s & s5t9els1 & z bo? ! c\nt]sign & p>ole mu/1 = l>ge comm&s1 be prep>$ sev]al days 9 advance1 !re is always dang] ( _! be+ lo/ or becom+ kn[n to p]sons :o w\ld make improp] use ( !m2 moreov]1 a s5t9el is too apt to take x = grant$ t any p]son :o gives ! "r c\nt]sign is :at he repres5ts himself to be2 h5ce = outpo/ duty !re is great] security 9 omitt+ ! use ( ! c\nt]sign & p>ole1 or 9 us+ !m ) great caution4 ,! *ief reliance %\ld be ^u p]sonal recognition or id5tification ( all p]sons claim+ au?ority to pass4 ,p]sons ^: sole means ( id5tification is ! c\nt]sign1 or conc]n+ ^: au?ority to pass !re is a reasonable d\bt1 %\ld n be all[$ to pass )\t ! au?ority ( ! corporal ( ! gu>d aft] prop] inve/igation2 ! corporal w take to 8 next sup]ior any p]son ab\t :om he is n compet5t to decide4 #bad4 ,! c\nt]sign is usually ! "n ( a battle2 ! p>ole1 t ( a g5]al or o!r di/+ui%$ p]son4 #bae4 ,:5 !y c n be communicat$ daily1 a s]ies ( words = "s days 9 advance may be s5t to po/s or deta*m5ts t are to use ! same p>ole or c\nt]sign z ! ma9 body4 #baf4 ,if ! c\nt]sign be lo/1 or if a memb] ( ! gu>d des]ts ) x1 ! comm&] on ! spot w sub/itute ano!r = x & report ! case at once to headqu>t]s4 #bag4 ,9 addition to ! c\nt]sign1 use may be made ( preconc]t$ signals1 su* z /rik+ ! rifle ) ! h& or /rik+ ! h&s toge!r a c]ta9 numb] ( times z agre$ ^u4 ,su* signals may be us$ only by gu>ds t occupy expos$ po9ts4 ,!y are us$ be=e ! c\nt]sign is giv5 & mu/ n be communicat$ to anyone n entitl$ to "k ! c\nt]sign4 ,_! use is int5d$ to prev5t ! surprise ( a s5t9el4 ,9 ! daytime signals su* z rais+ a cap or a h&k]*ief 9 a pre>rang$ mann] may be us$ by s5t9els to communicate ) ! gu>d or ) ea* o!r4 ,section #ab4 ,gu>d ,patrols4 #bah4 ,a gu>d patrol consi/s ( "o or m m5 detail$ = ! p]=mance ( "s special s]vice connect$ ) gu>d duty4 #bai4 ,if ! patrol be requir$ to g beyond ! *a9 ( s5t9els1 ! (fic] or noncommission$ (fic] 9 *>ge w be furni%$ ) ! c\nt]sign & ! outpo/s & s5t9els w>n$4 #bbj4 ,if *all5g$ by a s5t9el1 ! patrol is halt$ by its comm&]1 & ! noncommission$ (fic] accompany+ x advances alone & gives ! c\nt]sign4 ,section #ac4 ,wat*m54 #bba4 ,enli/$ m5 may be detail$ z wat*m5 or z ov]se]s ov] prison]s1 & z su* w receive _! ord]s & p]=m _! duties z ! comm&+ (fic] may direct4 ,section #ad4 ,complim5ts f ,gu>ds4 #bbb4 ,! complim5t f a gu>d consi/s 9 ! gu>d turn+ out & pres5t+ arms4 7,see ,p>4 #ej47 ,no complim5ts w be paid betwe5 retreat & reveille except z provid$ 9 p>agraphs #cfa & #cfb1 nor w any p]son o!r ?an ^? nam$ 9 p>agraph #bbd receive ! complim5t4 #bbc4 ,?\gh a gu>d does n turn out betwe5 retreat & reveille z a matt] ( complim5t1 x may be turn$ out = inspection at any "t by a p]son entitl$ to inspect x4 #bbd4 ,betwe5 reveille & retreat1 ! foll[+ p]sons are entitl$ to ! complim5t3 ,! ,presid5t2 sov]eign or *ief magi/rate ( a =eign c\ntry & memb]s ( a royal family2 ,vice ,presid5t2 ,presid5t & ,presid5t pro tempore ( ! ,s5ate2 ,am]ican & =eign ambassadors2 memb]s ( ! ,cab9et2 ,*ief ,ju/ice2 ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives2 committees ( ,congress (ficially visit+ a milit>y po/2 gov]nors )9 _! respective ,/ates & ,t]ritories2 gov]nors g5]al2 ,assi/ant ,secret>y ( ,w> (ficially visit+ a milit>y po/2 all g5]al (fic]s ( ! ,army2 g5]al (fic]s ( =eign s]vices visit+ a po/2 naval1 m>9e1 volunte]1 & militia (fic]s 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & hold+ ! rank ( g5]al (fic]2 ,am]ican or =eign envoys or m9i/]s2 m9i/]s accr$it$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 *>gs d'affaires accr$it$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 consuls g5]al accr$it$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 comm&+ (fic] ( ! po/ or camp2 (fic] ( ! day4 #bbe4 ,! relative rank betwe5 (fic]s ( ! ,army & ,navy is z foll[s3 ,g5]al ) admiral1 lieut5ant g5]al ) vice admiral1 major g5]al ) re> admiral1 brigadi] g5]al ) commodore1#ad colonel ) capta91 lieut5ant colonel ) comm&]1 major ) lieut5ant comm&]1 capta9 ) lieut5ant1 fir/ lieut5ant ) lieut5ant 7junior grade71 second lieut5ant ) ensign4 7,a4 ,r4 #ab47 ,footnote #ad3 ,! grade ( commodore ceas$ to exi/ z a grade on ! active li/ ( ! ,navy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates on ,m>4 #c1 #ahii4 ,by section #g ( ! act ( ,m>4 #c1 #ahii1 ! n9e junior re> admirals are au?oriz$ to receive ! pay & all[ances ( a brigadi] g5]al ( ! ,army4 #bbf4 ,s5t9els w n be requir$ to memorize p>agraph #bbd1 &1 except 9 ! cases ( g5]al (fic]s ( ! ,army1 ! comm&+ (fic] & ! (fic] ( ! day w be advis$ 9 ea* case ( ! pres5ce 9 camp or g>rison ( p]sons entitl$ to ! complim5t4 #bbg4 ,gu>ds w turn out & pres5t arms :5 ! national or regim5tal colors or /&>ds1 n cas$1 are c>ri$ pa/ by a gu>d or an arm$ p>ty4 ,?is rule also applies :5 ! p>ty c>ry+ ! colors is at drill4 ,if ! drill is conduct$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ! gu>dh\se1 ! gu>d w be turn$ out :5 ! colors fir/ pass1 & n !reaft]4 #bbh4 ,9 case ! rema9s ( a deceas$ (fic] or soldi] are c>ri$ pa/1 ! gu>d w turn out & pres5t arms4 #bbi4 ,9 "t ( w> all gu>ds w turn out "u arms :5 arm$ p>ties1 except troops at drill & reliefs or deta*m5ts ( ! gu>d1 approa* _! po/4 7,see ,p>4 #ec47 #bcj4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d w be notifi$ ( ! pres5ce 9 camp or g>rison ( all p]sons entitl$ to ! complim5t except g5]al (fic]s ( ! ,army1 ! comm&+ (fic]1 & ! (fic] ( ! day4 ,memb]s ( ! gu>d w salute all p]sons entitl$ to ! complim5t & all (fic]s 9 ! milit>y or naval s]vice ( =eign p[]s1 (fic]s ( ! ,army1 ,navy1 & ,m>9e ,corps1 (fic]s ( volunte]s1 & (fic]s ( militia :5 9 uni=m4 ,,g5]al ,,rules ,,conc]n+ ,,gu>d ,,duty4 #bcb4 ,eighty-fif? article ( w>4--99 99 99 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law1 except an (fic]1 :o is f\nd drunk on duty %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 #bcc4 ,all mat]ial in/ructions giv5 to a memb] ( ! gu>d by an (fic] hav+ au?ority w be promptly communicat$ to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d by ! (fic] giv+ !m4 #bcd4 ,%\ld ! gu>d be =m$1 soldi]s w fall 9 ranks "u arms4 ,at roll call ea* man1 z 8 "n or numb] & relief are call$1 w answ] ,"h1 & come to an ord] arms4 #bce4 ,:5ev] ! gu>d or a relief is dismiss$1 ea* memb] n at once requir$ = duty w place 8 rifle 9 ! arm racks1 if !y be provid$1 & w n remove x !refrom unless he requires x 9 ! p]=mance ( "s duty4 #bcf4 ,)\t p]mission f ! comm&] ( ! gu>d1 memb]s ( ! ma9 gu>d1 except ord]lies1 w n leave ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! gu>dh\se4 ,p]mission to leave w n be grant$ except 9 cases ( necessity4 #bcg4 ,memb]s ( ! ma9 gu>d1 except ord]lies1 w n remove _! acc\t]m5ts or clo?+ )\t p]mission f ! comm&] ( ! gu>d4 7,p>4 #ff47 ,section #ae4 ,prison]s4 #bch4 ,articles ( w> #fi1 #gj1 #ga1 #gb1 & #gc h special ref]5ce to ! conf9em5t ( prison]s & %\ld be c>efully borne 9 m9d4 #bci4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d w place a civilian 9 conf9em5t on an ord] f high] au?ority only1 unless su* civilian is arre/$ :ile 9 ! act ( committ+ "s crime )9 ! limits ( ! milit>y jurisdiction1 9 :i* case ! comm&+ (fic] w be imm$iately notifi$4 #bdj4 ,except z provid$ 9 ! sixty-eigh? article ( w>1 or :5 re/ra9t is necess>y1 no soldi] w be conf9$ )\t ! ord] ( an (fic]1 :o %all previ\sly inquire into 8 (f5se4 7,a4 ,r4 #icj47 #bda4 ,an (fic] ord]+ a soldi] into conf9em5t w s5d1 z soon z practicable1 a writt5 /atem5t1 sign$ by himself1 to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d1 sett+ =? ! "n1 company1 & regim5t ( su* soldi]1 & a brief /atem5t ( ! alleg$ (f5se4 ,x is a suffici5t /atem5t ( ! (f5se to give ! numb] & article ( w> "u :i* ! soldi] is *>g$4 #bdb4 ,a prison]1 aft] 8 fir/ day ( conf9em5t1 & until 8 s5t5ce has be5 duly promulgat$1 is consid]$ z held 9 conf9em5t by ! comm&+ (fic]4 ,aft] due promulgation ( 8 s5t5ce1 ! prison] is held 9 conf9em5t by au?ority ( ! (fic] :o reviews ! proce$+s ( ! c\rt aw>d+ s5t5ce4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d w /ate 9 8 report1 9 ! prop] place1 ! "n ( ! (fic] by :om ! prison] 0 orig9ally conf9$4 #bdc4 ,enli/$ m5 aga9/ :om *>ges h be5 pref]r$ w be designat$ z await+ trial2 enli/$ m5 :o h be5 tri$ w1 prior to ! promulgation ( ! result be designat$ z await+ result ( trial2 enli/$ m5 s]v+ s5t5ces ( conf9em5t n involv+ di%onorable dis*>ge w be designat$ z g>rison prison]s4 ,p]sons s5t5c$ to dismissal or di%onorable dis*>ge & to t]ms ( conf9em5t at milit>y po/s or else:]e w be designat$ z g5]al prison]s4 7,a4 ,r4 #ibh47 #bdd4 ,! s5t5ces ( prison]s w be read to !m :5 ! ord] promulgat+ ! same is receiv$4 ,! (fic] ( ! gu>d1 or ! (fic] ( ! day if !re be no (fic] ( ! gu>d1 w read !m unless ! comm&+ (fic] %all direct o!rwise4 #bde4 ,:5 ! date = ! comm5cem5t ( a t]m ( conf9em5t impos$ by s5t5ce ( a c\rt-m>tial is n expressly fix$ by s5t5ce1 ! t]m ( conf9em5t beg9s on ! date ( ! ord] promulgat+ x4 ,! s5t5ce is cont9u\s until ! t]m expires1 except :5 ! p]son s5t5c$ is abs5t )\t au?ority4 7,a4 ,r4 #ifi47 #bdf4 ,:5 soldi]s await+ trial or ! result ( trial1 or und]go+ s5t5ce commit (f5ses = :i* !y are tri$1 ! second s5t5ce w be execut$ ^u ! expiration ( ! fir/4 #bdg4 ,prison]s await+ trial by1 or und]go+ s5t5ce (1 a g5]al c\rt-m>tial & ^? conf9$ = s]i\s (f5ses w be kept ap>t1 :5 practicable1 f ^? conf9$ by s5t5ce ( an inf]ior c\rt or = m9or (f5ses4 ,enli/$ m5 9 conf9em5t = m9or (f5ses1 or await+ trial or ! result ( trial = ! same1 w ord9>ily be s5t to "w "u *>ge ( un>m$ ov]se]s in/ead ( arm$ s5t9els & w be requir$ to att5d drills unless ! comm&+ (fic] %all direct o!rwise4 #bdh4 ,prison]s1 o!r ?an g5]al prison]s1 w be furni%$ ) food f _! respective companies or f ! organizations to :i* !y may be tempor>ily atta*$4 ,! food ( prison]s w1 :5 practicable1 be s5t to _! places ( conf9em5t1 b po/ comm&]s may arrange to s5d ! prison]s1 "u prop] gu>d1 to _! messes = meals4 ,:5 !re is no special mess = g5]al prison]s1 !y w be atta*$ = rations to companies4 ,enli/$ m5 br++ meals = ! prison]s w n be all[$ to ent] ! prison room4 7,see ,p>4 #bhi47 #bdi4 ,) ! exception ( ^? specially designat$ by ! comm&+ (fic]1 no prison]s w be all[$ to leave ! gu>dh\se unless "u *>ge ( a s5t9el & pass$ by an (fic] or noncommission$ (fic] ( ! gu>d4 ,! comm&+ (fic] may au?orize c]ta9 g>rison prison]s & p>ol$ g5]al prison]s to leave ! gu>dh\se1 n "u ! *>ge ( a s5t9el1 = ! purpose ( work+ outside "u su* surveillance & re/rictions z he may impose4 #bej4 ,prison]s report+ !mselves sick at sick call1 or at ! "t designat$ by ! comm&+ (fic]1 w be s5t to ! hospital "u *>ge ( prop] gu>d1 ) a sick report kept = ! purpose4 ,! recomm5dation ( ! surgeon w be ent]$ 9 ! gu>d report4 #bea4 ,! security ( sick prison]s 9 ! hospital devolves ^u ! po/ surgeon1 :o w1 if necess>y1 apply to ! po/ comm&] = a gu>d4 #beb4 ,prison]s w be p>ad$ ) ! gu>d only :5 direct$ by ! comm&+ (fic] or ! (fic] ( ! day4 #bec4 ,a prison] "u *>ge ( a s5t9el w n salute an (fic]4 #bed4 ,all s]viceable clo?+ :i* belongs to a prison]1 & 8 blankets1 w accompany him to ! po/ designat$ = 8 conf9em5t1 & w be fully itemiz$ on ! clo?+ li/ s5t to t po/4 ,! gu>d 9 *>ge ( ! prison] dur+ transf] w be furni%$ ) a duplicate ( ?is li/1 & w be held responsible = ! deliv]y ( all articles itemiz$ !re9 ) ! prison]4 ,at lea/ "o s]viceable wool5 blanket w be s5t ) e su* prison] s transf]r$4 7,a4 ,r4 #ici47 #bee4 ,:5 mattresses are n suppli$1 ea* prison] 9 ! gu>dh\se w be all[$ a b$ sack & #cj p\nds ( /raw p] mon? = b$d+4 ,s f> z practicable iron bunks w be furni%$ to all prison]s 9 po/ gu>dh\ses & prison rooms4 7,a4 ,r4 #ajhd47 ,if ! numb] ( prison]s1 includ+ g5]al prison]s1 conf9$ at a po/ ju/ifies x1 ! comm&+ (fic] w detail a commission$ (fic] z (fic] 9 *>ge ( prison]s4 ,at po/s :]e ! av]age numb] ( prison]s cont9ually 9 conf9em5t is less ?an #ab1 ! detail ( an (fic] 9 *>ge ( prison]s w n be made4 ,section #af4 ,gu>d+ ,prison]s4 #bii4 ,! s5t9el at ! po/ ( ! gu>d has *>ge ( ! prison]s except :5 !y h be5 turn$ ov] to ! prison] gu>d or ov]se]s4 7,p>s4 #bdg & #cjj to #cjd47 7a7 ,he w all[ none to escape4 7b7 ,he w all[ none to cross 8 po/ leav+ ! gu>dh\se except :5 pass$ by an (fic] or noncommission$ (fic] ( ! gu>d4 7c7 ,he w all[ no "o to communicate ) prison]s )\t p]mission f prop] au?ority4 7d7 ,he w promptly report to ! corporal ( ! gu>d any suspici\s noise made by ! prison]s4 7e7 ,he w be prep>$ to tell1 :5ev] ask$1 h[ _m prison]s are 9 ! gu>dh\se & h[ _m are out at "w or else:]e4 ,:5ev] prison]s are br\ght to 8 po/ return+ f "w or else:]e1 he w halt !m & call ! corporal ( ! gu>d1 notify+ him ( ! numb] ( prison]s return+4 ,?us3 ,corporal ( ! gu>d1 7s _m7 prison]s4 ,he w n all[ prison]s to pass into ! gu>dh\se until ! corporal ( ! gu>d has respond$ to ! call & ord]$ him to d s4 #cjj4 ,:5ev] practicable1 special gu>ds w be detail$ = ! p>ticul> duty ( gu>d+ work+ p>ties compos$ ( su* prison]s z c n be plac$ "u ov]se]s4 7,p>4 #bdg47 #cja4 ,! prison] gu>d & ov]se]s w be comm&$ by ! police (fic]2 if !re be no police (fic]1 !n by ! (fic] ( ! day4 #cjb4 ,! provo/ s]geant is s]geant ( ! prison] gu>d & ov]se]s1 & z su* receives ord]s f ! comm&+ (fic] & ! comm&] ( ! prison] gu>d only4 #cjc4 ,details = prison] gu>d are m>*$ to ! gu>dh\se & m\nt$ by be+ inspect$ by ! comm&] ( ! ma9 gu>d1 :o det]m9es :e!r all ( ! m5 are 9 prop] condition to p]=m _! duties & :e!r _! arms & equipm5ts are 9 prop] condition1 & rejects any m5 f\nd unfit4 #cjd4 ,:5 prison]s h be5 turn$ ov] to ! prison] gu>d or ov]se]s1 su* gu>ds or ov]se]s are responsible = !m "u _! comm&]1 & all responsibility & control ( ! ma9 gu>d ceases until !y are return$ to ! ma9 gu>d4 7,p>4 #cjf47 #cje4 ,if a prison] attempts to escape1 ! s5t9el w call ,halt4 ,if he fails to halt :5 ! s5t9el has once repeat$ 8 call1 & if !re be no o!r possible means ( prev5t+ 8 escape1 ! s5t9el w fire ^u him4 ,! foll[+ w m fully expla9 ! important duties ( a s5t9el 9 ?is connection3 7,circul>47 ,,w> ,,dep>tm5t1 ,,adjutant ,,g5]al',s ,,(fice1 ,wa%+ton1 ,novemb] #a1 #ahhg4 ,by direction ( ! ,secret>y ( ,w>1 ! foll[+ is publi%$ = ! in=mation ( ! ,army3 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,circuit ,,c\rt1 ,,ea/]n ,,di/rict ,,( ,,mi*igan1 ,,augu/ #a1 #ahhg4 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,v4 ,,james ,,cl>k4 ,! circuit c\rt has jurisdiction ( a homicide committ$ by "o soldi] ^u ano!r )9 a milit>y res]vation ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,if a homicide be committ$ by a milit>y gu>d )\t malice & 9 ! p]=mance ( 8 suppos$ duty z a soldi]1 su* homicide is excusable1 unless x 0 manife/ly beyond ! scope ( 8 au?ority or 0 su* t a man ( ord9>y s5se & und]/&+ w\ld "k t x 0 illegal4 ,x seems t ! s]geant ( ! gu>d has a "r to %oot a milit>y convict if !re be no o!r possible means ( prev5t+ 8 escape4 ,! common-law di/9ction betwe5 felonies & misdemeanors has no application to milit>y (f5ses4 ,:ile ! f9d+ ( a c\rt ( inquiry acquitt+ ! prison] ( all blame is n a legal b> to a prosecution1 x is entitl$ to weight z an expression ( ! views ( ! milit>y c\rt ( ! necessity ( us+ a musket to prev5t ! escape ( ! deceas$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,by ord] ( ! ,secret>y ( ,w>3 ,r4 ,c4 ,,drum1 ,adjutant ,g5]al4 ,! foll[+ is tak5 f ,circul> ,no4 #c1 ( #ahhc1 f ,headqu>t]s ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,columbia3 ,,vanc\v] ,,b>racks1 ,w4 ,t41 ,april #bj1 #ahhc4 ,to ! ,,assi/ant ,,adjutant ,,g5]al1 ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,columbia4 ,sir3 99 99 99 99 99 ,a s5t9el is plac$ z gu>d ov] prison]s to prev5t _! escape1 &1 = ?is purpose1 he is furni%$ a musket1 ) ammunition4 ,to prev5t escape is 8 fir/ & mo/ important duty4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i suppose ! law to be ?is3 ,t a s5t9el %all n use m =ce or viol5ce to prev5t ! escape ( a prison] ?an is necess>y to effect t object1 b if ! prison]1 aft] be+ ord]$ to halt1 cont9ues 8 flight ! s5t9el may maim or ev5 kill him1 & x is 8 duty to d s4 ,a s5t9el :o all[s a prison] to escape )\t fir+ ^u him1 & fir+ to hit him1 is1 9 my judgm5t1 guilty ( a mo/ s]i\s milit>y (f5se1 = :i* he %\ld & w\ld be sev]ely puni%$ by a g5]al c\rt-m>tial4 99 99 99 99 99 7,sign$7 ,,h5ry ,a4 ,,morr[1 ,colonel ,tw5ty-fir/ ,infantry1 ,comm&+ ,po/4 ,?ird indorsem5t4 ,,(fice ,,judge ,,advocate1 ,,milit>y ,,division ,,( ,,! ,,pacific1 ,may #aa1 #ahhc4 ,respectfully return$ to ! assi/ant adjutant g5]al1 ,milit>y ,division ( ! ,pacific1 concurr+ fully 9 ! views express$ by ,col4 ,morr[4 ,i 0 n aw>e t su* a view _h ev] be5 que/ion$4 ,t ! p]iod is a "t ( peace does n affect ! au?ority & duty ( ! s5t9el or gu>d to fire ^u ! escap+ prison]1 if ?is escape c n o!rwise be prev5t$4 ,he %\ld1 ( c\rse1 attempt to /op ! prison] be=e fir+ by ord]+ him to halt1 & w prop]ly w>n him by ! words ,halt1 or ,i fire1 or words to su* effect4 ,w4 ,,w9?rop1 ,judge ,advocate4 ,f\r? indorsem5t4 ,,headqu>t]s ,,milit>y ,,division ,,( ,,! ,,pacific1 ,may #aa1 #ahhc1 ,respectfully return$ to ! comm&+ g5]al1 ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,columbia1 approv+ ! op9ion ( ! comm&+ (fic]1 ,tw5ty-fir/ ,infantry1 & ( ! judge advocate ( ! division1 9 respect to ! duty ( & me?od to be adopt$ by s5t9els 9 prev5t+ prison]s f escap+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,by comm& ( ,maj4 ,g54 ,s*(ield3 ,j4 ,c4 ,,kelton1 ,assi/ant ,adjutant ,g5]al4 ,see also ,circul> ,no4 #ec1 ,a4 ,g4 ,o41 ,decemb] #bb1 #aijj4 #cjf4 ,on approa*+ ! po/ ( ! s5t9el at ! gu>dh\se1 a s5t9el ( ! prison] gu>d or an ov]se] 9 *>ge ( prison]s w halt !m & call1 ,no4 #a1 7s _m7 prison]s4 ,he w n all[ !m to cross ! po/ ( ! s5t9el until s direct$ by ! corporal ( ! gu>d4 #cjg4 ,memb]s ( ! prison] gu>d & ov]se]s plac$ ov] prison]s = "w w receive specific & explicit in/ructions cov]+ ! requir$ "w2 !y w be held /rictly responsible t ! prison]s "u _! *>ge prop]ly & satisfactorily p]=m ! designat$ "w4 ,section #ag4 ,/able gu>ds4 ,,/able ,,gu>ds4 #cjh4 ,"u ! head ( /able gu>ds w be includ$ gu>ds = cavalry /ables1 artill]y /ables & p>ks1 m\nt$ infantry /ables1 ma*9e-gun organization /ables & p>ks1 & qu>t]ma/] /ables & p>ks4 ,:]e ! words troop & cavalry are us$1 !y w be held to include all ( ^! organizations4 #cji4 ,:5 troop /able gu>ds are m\nt$ !y w gu>d ! /ables ( ! cavalry 7see ,p>4 #ac74 ,:5 no /able gu>ds are m\nt$ ! /ables w be gu>d$ by s5t9els po/$ f ! ma9 gu>d "u ! control ( ! (fic] ( ! day4 ,! in/ructions giv5 = troop /able gu>d w be obs]v$ z f> z applicable by ! noncommission$ (fic]s & s5t9els ( ! ma9 gu>d :5 9 *>ge ( ! /ables4 ,,troop ,,/able ,,gu>ds4 #caj4 ,troop /able gu>ds w n be us$ except 9 ! field1 or :5 x is impracticable to gu>d ! /ables by s5t9els f ! ma9 gu>d4 #caa4 ,troop /able gu>ds w be "u ! imm$iate control ( _! respective troop comm&]s2 !y w be po/$ 9 ea* cavalry /able or ne> ! picket l9e1 & w consi/ ( n less ?an "o noncommission$ (fic] & ?ree privates4 ,/able gu>ds are = ! protection ( ! horses1 /ables1 =age1 equipm5ts1 & public prop]ty g5]ally4 ,!y w1 9 addition1 en=ce ! special regulations 9 reg>d to /ables1 horses1 & p>ks4 #cab4 ,s5t9els ( /able gu>ds w be po/$ at ! /ables or at ! picket l9es :5 ! horses are kept outside4 ,! troop /able gu>d may be us$ z a h]d gu>d dur+ ! day "t or :5 graz+ is practicable4 #cac4 ,! troop /able gu>d1 :5 au?oriz$ by ! po/ comm&]1 w be m\nt$ "u ! sup]vision ( ! troop comm&]4 ,x w be arm$1 at ! discretion ( ! troop comm&]1 ) ei!r rifle or pi/ol4 #cad4 ,! t\r cont9ues = #bd h\rs1 or until ! gu>d is reliev$ by a new gu>d4 #cae4 ,! employm5t ( /able gu>ds = police & fatigue duties at ! /ables is =bidd52 b ?is w n prohibit !m f be+ requir$ to assi/ 9 fe$+ gra9 be=e reveille4 #caf4 ,! troop /able gu>d w att5d /ables ) ! re/ ( ! troop & groom _! own horses1 ! s5t9els be+ tak5 (f po/ = ! purpose4 #cag4 ,nei!r ! noncommission$ (fic] nor ! memb]s ( ! /able gu>d w abs5t !mselves f ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! /ables except 9 case ( urg5t necessity1 & !n = no long] "t ?an is absolutely necess>y4 ,no memb] ( ! gu>d w leave = any purpose )\t ! au?ority ( ! noncommission$ (fic] ( ! gu>d4 #cah4 ,! noncommission$ (fic] & "o memb] ( ! /able gu>d w g = meals at ! prop] h\r2 ^u _! return ! o!r memb]s ( ! gu>d w be direct$ to g by ! noncommission$ (fic]4 #cai4 ,:5 ! horses are h]d$ ea* troop w furni% its own h]d gu>d4 7,p>4 #ad47 #cbj4 ,smok+ 9 ! /ables or _! imm$iate vic9ity is prohibit$4 ,no fire or light1 o!r ?an electric light or /able lant]ns1 w be p]mitt$ 9 ! /ables4 ,a special place w be designat$ = trimm+1 fill+1 & light+ lant]ns4 ,,noncommission$ ,,(fic] ,,( ,,! ,,troop ,,/able ,,gu>d4 #cba4 ,! noncommission$ (fic] receives 8 ord]s f 8 troop comm&]1 to :om he w report imm$iately aft] po/+ 8 fir/ relief1 & :5 reliev$ w turn ov] all 8 ord]s to 8 successor4 ,he in/ructs 8 s5t9els 9 _! g5]al & special duties2 ex]cises g5]al sup]vision ov] 8 entire gu>d2 exacts ord] & cleanl9ess ab\t ! gu>droom2 prev5ts ! introduction ( intoxicants into ! gu>dh\se & /ables2 receives1 by c\nt1 f 8 pr$ecessor1 ! animals1 horse equipm5ts1 & all prop]ty 7bo? private & public7 p]ta9+ !reto2 exam9es1 be=e reliev+ 8 pr$ecessor1 all locks1 w9d[s1 & doors1 & %\ld any be f\nd insecure he w report ! fact to 8 troop comm&] :5 he reports = ord]s4 ,he w p]sonally po/ & relieve ea* s5t9el1 tak+ c>e to v]ify ! prop]ty responsibility ( ! s5t9el :o comes (f po/1 & see t ! s5t9el :o goes on po/ is aw>e ( ! prop]ty responsibility t he assumes4 #cbb4 ,t ! noncommission$ (fic] may be m ?or\ghly in=m$ ( 8 responsibility1 all horses return+1 except ^? f a regul> =mation1 w be report$ to him4 ,he w !n notify ! s5t9el on po/1 &1 9 ! abs5ce ( ! /able s]geant1 w see t ! horses are promptly c>$ =4 ,9 case ( abuse1 he w promptly report to ! troop comm&]4 ,%\ld ! horse be ! private prop]ty ( an (fic]1 he w report su* abuse to ! own]4 #cbc4 ,! noncommission$ (fic] w report any unusual occurr5ce dur+ 8 t\r direct to 8 troop comm&]4 #cbd4 ,horses & o!r prop]ty = :i* ! noncommission$ (fic] is responsible w n be tak5 f ! /ables )\t ! au?ority ( ! po/ or troop comm&]4 #cbe4 ,! noncommission$ (fic] mu/ answ] ! s5t9el's calls promptly4 #cbf4 ,9 case ( fire1 ! noncommission$ (fic] w see t ! requirem5ts ( p>agraph #ccd are promptly c>ri$ out4 #cbg4 ,:5ev] x becomes necess>y = ! noncommission$ (fic] to leave 8 gu>d1 he w designate a memb] ( x to take *>ge & assume 8 responsibility dur+ 8 abs5ce4 ,,s5t9els ,,( ,,! ,,troop ,,/able ,,gu>d4 #cbh4 ,! s5t9el 9 ! dis*>ge ( 8 duties w be gov]n$ by ! regulations = s5t9els ( ! ma9 gu>d :5ev] !y are applicable--su* z c\rtesies to (fic]s1 walk+ po/ 9 a soldi]ly mann]1 *all5g+1 etc42 he w n turn out ! gu>d except :5 ord]$ by prop] au?ority4 #cbi4 ,! s5t9el w receive ord]s f ! comm&+ (fic]1 ! troop comm&]1 & ! noncommission$ (fic]s ( ! /able gu>d only1 except :5 ! comm&+ (fic] directs ! (fic] ( ! day to inspect ! /able gu>d4 #ccj4 ,9 ! field & else:]e :5 direct$ by ! comm&+ (fic] ! s5t9el :5 po/$ w v]ify ! numb] ( horses = :i* he is responsible1 & :5 reliev$ w give ! numb] to 8 successor4 #cca4 ,! s5t9el w n p]mit any horse or equipm5ts to be tak5 f ! /ables1 except 9 ! pres5ce ( ! noncommission$ (fic]4 #ccb4 ,%\ld a horse get loose1 ! s5t9el w cat* him & tie him up4 ,if he be unable to cat* ! horse1 ! noncommission$ (fic] w at once be notifi$4 ,9 case a horse be ca/1 or 9 any way entangl$1 he w relieve him1 if possible2 if unable to relieve him1 he w call ! noncommission$ (fic]4 ,s5t9els are =bidd5 to puni% or maltreat a horse4 #ccc4 ,:5 a horse is tak5 sick1 ! s5t9el w notify ! noncommission$ (fic]1 :o 9 turn w call ! f>ri] & see t ! horse is prop]ly att5d$ to4 #ccd4 ,9 case ( fire ! s5t9el w give ! al>m by /epp+ outside ! /able & fir+ 8 pi/ol or piece repeat$ly1 & call+ out at ! same "t1 ,fire1 /ables1 ,troop 7----74 ,z soon z ! gu>d is al>m$1 he w take ! necess>y precautions 9 op5+ or clos+ ! doors s z to prev5t ! spread+ ( ! fire & make x possible to remove ! horses2 he w drop ! *a9s & b>s1 &1 ) ! o!r memb]s ( ! gu>d1 proce$ to lead out ! horses & secure !m at ! picket l9e or su* o!r place z may h be5 previ\sly designat$4 #cce4 ,s5t9els ov] horses1 or 9 *>ge ( prison]s1 receive ord]s f ! /able s]geant1 s f> z ! c>e ( ! horses & ! labor ( prison]s are conc]n$4 #ccf4 ,9 field artill]y & ma*9e-gun organizations1 ! gu>d = ! /ables has *>ge ( ! guns1 caissons1 etc41 ) _! ammunition & /ores1 z well z ! horses1 h>ness1 & =age4 ,section #ah4 ,flags4 #ccg4 ,! g>rison1 po/1 & /orm flags are national flags & %all be ( bunt+4 ,! union ( ea* is z describ$ 9 p>agraph #baf1 ,army ,regulations1 & %all be ( ! foll[+ proportions3 ,wid?1 sev5-?irte5?s ( ! hoi/ ( ! flag2 l5g?1 sev5ty-six "o-hundr$?s ( ! hoi/ ( ! flag4 ,! g>rison flag w h #ch feet fly & #bj feet hoi/4 ,x w be furni%$ only to po/s designat$ 9 ord]s f "t to "t f ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 & w be hoi/$ only on holidays & important occasions4 ,! po/ flag w h #ai feet fly & #aj feet hoi/4 ,x w be furni%$ = all g>rison po/s & w be hoi/$ 9 pleasant wea!r4 ,! /orm flag w h #i feet #f in*es fly & #e feet hoi/4 ,x w be furni%$ = all occupi$ po/s = use 9 /ormy & w9dy wea!r4 ,x w also be furni%$ to national cemet]ies4 7,a4 ,r4 #bbc47 #cch4 ,at e milit>y po/ or /ation ! flag w be hoi/$ at ! s\nd+ ( ! fir/ note ( ! reveille1 or ( ! fir/ note ( ! m>*1 if a m>* be play$ be=e ! reveille4 ,! flag w be l[]$ at ! s\nd+ ( ! la/ note ( ! retreat1 :ile ! flag is be+ l[]$ ! b& w play ,! ,/>-,spangl$ ,bann]1 or1 if !re be no b& pres5t1 ! field music w s\nd to ! color4 ,:5 to ! color is s\nd$ by ! field music :ile ! flag is be+ l[]$ ! same respect w be obs]v$ z :5 ,! ,/>-,spangl$ ,bann] is play$ by ! b&1 & 9 ei!r case (fic]s & enli/$ m5 out ( ranks w face t[>d ! flag1 /& at att5tion1 & r5d] ! prescrib$ salute at ! la/ note ( ! music4 7,a4 ,r4 #dcg47 ,! l[]+ ( ! flag w be s regulat$ z to be complet$ at ! la/ note ( ,! ,/>-,spangl$ ,bann] or to ! color4 #cci4 ,! national flag w be display$ at a seacoa/ or lake =t at ! beg9n+ ( & dur+ an action 9 :i* a =t may be engag$1 :e!r by day or by night4 7,a4 ,r4 #dcg47 #cdj4 ,! national flag w always be display$ at ! "t ( fir+ a salute4 7,a4 ,r4 #cig47 #cda4 ,! flag ( a milit>y po/ w n be dipp$ by way ( salute or complim5t4 7,a4 ,r4 #dje47 #cdb4 ,on ! dea? ( an (fic] at a milit>y po/ ! flag is display$ at half/aff & s rema9s betwe5 reveille & retreat until ! la/ salvo or volley is fir$ ov] ! grave2 or if ! rema9s are n int]r$ at ! po/ until !y are remov$ !refrom4 7,a4 ,r4 #dbb47 #cdc4 ,dur+ ! fun]al ( an enli/$ man at a milit>y po/ ! flag is display$ at half/aff4 ,x is hoi/$ to ! top aft] ! f9al volley or gun is fir$ or aft] ! rema9s are tak5 f ! po/4 ,! same honors are paid on ! occasion ( ! fun]al ( a retir$ enli/$ man4 7,a4 ,r4 #dbc47 #cdd4 ,:5 practicable1 a detail consi/+ ( a noncommission$ (fic] & two privates ( ! gu>d w raise or l[] ! flag4 ,?is detail we>s side arms or if ! special equipm5ts d n include side arms !n belts only4 ,! noncommission$ (fic]1 c>ry+ ! flag1 =ms ! detail 9 l9e1 takes 8 po/ 9 ! c5t] & m>*es x to ! /aff4 ,! flag is !n securely atta*$ to ! haly>ds & rapidly hoi/$4 ,! haly>ds are !n securely fa/5$ to ! cleat on ! /aff & ! detail m>*$ to ! gu>dh\se4 #cde4 ,:5 ! flag is to be l[]$1 ! haly>ds are loos5$ f ! /aff & made p]fectly free4 ,at retreat ! flag is l[]$ at ! la/ note ( retreat4 ,x is !n neatly fold$ & ! haly>ds made fa/4 ,! detail is !n re-=m$ & m>*$ to ! gu>dh\se1 :]e ! flag is turn$ ov] to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d4 ,! flag %\ld nev] be all[$ to t\* ! gr\nd & %\ld always be hoi/$ or l[]$ f ! leew>d side ( ! /aff1 ! haly>ds be+ held by two p]sons4 ,section #ai4 ,reveille & ,retreat ,gun4 #cdf4 ,! morn+ & ev5+ gun w be fir$ by a deta*m5t ( ! gu>d1 consi/+1 :5 practicable1 ( a corporal & two privates4 ,! morn+ gun is fir$ at ! fir/ note ( reveille1 or1 if m>*es be play$ be=e ! reveille1 x is fir$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ m>*4 ,! retreat gun is fir$ at ! la/ note ( retreat4 ,! corporal m>*es ! deta*m5t to & f ! piece1 :i* is fir$1 spong$ out1 & secur$ "u 8 direction4 ,section #bj4 ,gu>d ,m\nt+4 #cdg4 ,gu>d m\nt+ w be =mal or in=mal z ! comm&+ (fic] may direct4 ,x w be held z prescrib$ 9 ! drill regulations ( ! arm ( ! s]vice to :i* ! gu>d belongs4 ,if none is prescrib$1 !n z = infantry4 ,9 case ! gu>d is compos$ :olly ( m\nt$ organizations1 gu>d m\nt+ may be held m\nt$4 #cdh4 ,:5 ,infantry & m\nt$ troops dism\nt$ are unit$ = gu>d m\nt+1 all details =m z prescrib$ = ,infantry4 ,,=mal ,,gu>d ,,m\nt+--,,m\nt$4 7,extract ,cavalry ,drill ,regulations1 #aiaf47 #heg4 ,=mal gu>d m\nt+ w ord9>ily be held only 9 po/s or camps :]e a b& is pres5t4 ,at ! assembly ! m5 ( ea* troop designat$ = gu>d =m at /& to horse on _! troop p>ade gr\nds1 ! noncommission$ (fic]s fall+ 9 z file clos]s2 ! sup]num]>ies d n fall 92 ea* fir/ s]geant v]ifies 8 detail & inspects ! dress & g5]al appe>ance1 replaces any man unfit to g on gu>d1 turns ! detail ov] to ! s5ior noncommission$ (fic]1 & retires4 ,! s5ior noncommission$ (fic] !n m\nts1 draws sab]1 & causes ! detail to m\nt4 ,! b&1 accompani$ by ! bugl]s1 takes its place on ! p>ade gr\nd s t ! left ( its front rank %all be #ab y>ds to ! "r ( ! rank :5 ! gu>d is =m$4 #heh4 ,at adjutant's call ! adjutant takes po/ s z to be #ab y>ds 9 front ( & fac+ ! c5t] ( ! gu>d :5 =m$2 ! s]geant major takes po/ fac+ to ! left #ab y>ds to ! left ( ! front rank ( ! b&2 ! b& plays 9 appropriate "t1 ! details are m>*$ to ! p>ade gr\nd by _! s5ior noncommission$ (fic]s2 ! detail t arrives fir/ is m>*$ to ! l9e s t ^u halt+ ! head ( ! horse ( ! man on ! "r %all be on l9e ) & ne> to ! s]geant major's horse1 ! noncommission$ (fic]1 hav+ halt$ 8 detail1 places himself fac+ ! s]geant major at a di/ance f him a little great] ?an ! front ( 8 detail1 & comm&s3 ,,dress4 ,! detail dresses on its "r troop]2 ! noncommission$ (fic]s ( ! detail 9 ! l9e ( file clos]s re9 back s z to be #f y>ds 9 re> ( ! rank2 ! noncommission$ (fic] 9 comm& ( ! detail !n comm&s1 ,front1 salutes1 & reports1 ,! detail is correct1 or 7s _m7 s]geants1 corporals1 or privates are abs5t2 ! s]geant major returns ! salute2 ! noncommission$ (fic] 9 *>ge ( ! detail !n passes by ! "r ( ! gu>d & takes po/ on ! l9e ( noncommission$ (fic]s 9 re> ( ! "r troop] ( 8 detail4 ,%\ld !re be m ?an "o detail1 x is =m$ 9 l mann] on ! left ( ! "o prec$+2 ! privates1 noncommission$ (fic]s1 & comm&] ( ea* detail dress on ^? ( ! prec$+ details 9 ! same rank or l9e4 ,%\ld ! detail f a troop n include a noncommission$ (fic]1 "o w be detail$ to p]=m ! duties ( comm&] ( ! detail4 ,9 ?is case su* noncommission$ (fic]1 aft] report+ to ! s]geant major1 passes ar\nd ! "r flank betwe5 ! gu>d & ! b& & retires4 ,! troops detail$ alt]nate 9 tak+ ! "r ( ! l9e4 #hei4 ,:5 ! la/ detail has =m$ ! s]geant major draws sab]1 v]ifies ! details1 causes ! gu>d to c\nt f\rs1 &1 if !re be m ?an five f\rs1 divides ! gu>d into two or m platoons2 he designates ! c5t] guide or guides & !n comm&s1 ,,dress 7,p>4 #cfb71 v]ifies ! alignm5t ( rank & ! l9e ( noncommission$ (fic]s1 & !n returns to ! "r ( ! rank1 turns to ! left1 comm&s1 ,,front1 passes to a po9t midway betwe5 ! adjutant & c5t] ( ! gu>d1 halts fac+ ! adjutant1 salutes1 & reports3 ,sir1 ! details are correct2 or1 ,sir1 7s _m7 s]geants1 corporals1 or privates are abs5t2 ! adjutant returns ! salute1 directs ! s]geant major3 ,take y\r po/1 & !n draws sab]2 ! s]geant major turns to ! left ab\t & takes po/ #c y>ds to ! left ( & on a l9e ) ! rank4 ,:5 ! s]geant major has complet$ 8 report ! (fic] ( ! gu>d takes po/ fac+ to ! front #h y>ds 9 front ( ! c5t] ( ! gu>d & draws sab]4 ,! adjutant !n directs1 ,inspect y\r gu>d1 ,sir1 at :i* ! comm&] ( ! gu>d turns ab\t1 comm&s3 #a4 ,draw1 #b4 ,,sab]1 #c4 ,prep>e = inspection1 #d4 ,,m>*1 moves t[>d & inspects ! gu>d1 z 9 troop inspection4 ,dur+ ! inspection ! b& plays4 ,! adjutant returns sab]1 obs]ves ! g5]al condition ( ! gu>d1 & falls out any man :o is unfit = gu>d duty or does n pres5t a cr$itable appe>ance4 ,sub/itutes w report to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d at ! gu>d h\se4 ,! adjutant1 :5 s direct$1 selects ord]lies & color s5t9els z prescrib$ 9 ! ,manual ( ,int]ior ,gu>d ,duty & notifies ! comm&] ( ! gu>d ( 8 selection4 ,he may require a troop] to move out ( ! rank & to dism\nt = a m m9ute inspection4 ,he also notifies ! two s5ior noncommission$ (fic]s to act z platoon lead]s if !re has be5 a division into platoons4 ,if !re be a junior (fic] ( ! gu>d1 he takes po/ at ! same "t z ! s5ior1 fac+ to ! front #c y>ds 9 front ( ! guide ( ! fir/ platoon1 & ! s5ior ( ! two noncommission$ (fic]s acts & takes po/ z *ief ( ! second platoon4 ,! junior (fic] ( ! gu>d may be direct$ by ! comm&] ( ! gu>d to assi/ 9 inspect+ ! gu>d4 #hfj4 ,if !re be no (fic] ( ! gu>d ! adjutant inspects ! gu>d & dur+ ! inspection notifies ! s5ior noncommission$ (fic] to comm& ! gu>d & ! next two s5ior noncommission$ (fic]s to s]ve z platoon lead]s4 ,a noncommission$ (fic] comm&+ ! gu>d takes ! po/ ( ! (fic] ( ! gu>d1 ! next s5ior noncommission$ (fic] ! po/ ( ! junior (fic] ( ! gu>d4 ,! inspection end$1 ! adjutant places himself ab\t #cj y>ds 9 front ( & fac+ ! c5t] ( ! gu>d & draws sab]4 ,! new (fic] ( ! day takes po/ 9 front ( & fac+ ! gu>d ab\t #cj y>ds f ! adjutant4 ,! old (fic] ( ! day takes po/ #c y>ds to ! "r ( & #a y>d less advanc$ ?an ! new (fic] ( ! day4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d takes po/ #h y>ds 9 front ( ! "r troop]1 fac+ to ! front1 & draws sab]4 ,! adjutant !n comm&s3 #a4 ,draw1 #b4 ,,sab]1 #c4 ,,s\nd ,,(f4 ,! b&1 play+1 passes 9 front ( ! comm&] ( ! gu>d to ! left ( ! l9e & back to its po/ on ! "r1 :5 x ceases play+4 ,! adjutant !n comm&s ,,po/s1 at :i* platoon lead]s take _! po/s #c y>ds 9 front ( ! guides ( _! platoons1 fac+ to ! front1 & ! comm&] ( ! gu>d takes po/ #f y>ds 9 front ( ! lead] ( ! c5t] 7"r7 platoon1 fac+ to ! front1 & ! file clos]s resume _! places #c y>ds 9 re> ( ! rank4 ,if !re be no junior (fic] ( ! gu>d1 ! comm&] ( ! gu>d takes po/ #c y>ds 9 front ( ! c5t] guide4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d & ! *iefs ( platoon & file clos]s hav+ tak5 _! po/s1 ! adjutant comm&s3 #a4 ,pres5t1 #b4 ,,sab]1 faces t[>d ! (fic] ( ! day1 salutes1 & !n reports1 ,sir1 ! gu>d is =m$4 ,! new (fic] ( ! day1 aft] ! adjutant has report$1 salutes ) ! h& & directs ! adjutant1 ,m>* ! gu>d 9 review1 ,sir4 #hfa4 ,! adjutant turns ab\t1 br+s ! gu>d to a c>ry1 & comm&s3 #a4 ,platoons "r turn1 #b4 ,,m>*2 #c4 ,gu>d1 #d4 ,,halt4 ,! platoons execute ! movem5t z 9 ! troop1 ! b& takes po/ 9 front ( ! column 7,p> #hjf74 ,! adjutant places himself abrea/ ( ! fir/ platoon & #f y>ds f its left flank2 ! s]geant major abrea/ ( ! second platoon & #f y>ds f its left flank4 ,! adjutant !n comm&s3 #a4 ,pass 9 review1 #b4 ,,=w>d1 #c4 ,,m>*4 ,! gu>d m>*es at ! walk pa/ ! (fic] ( ! day1 accord+ to ! pr9ciples ( squadron review1 ! adjutant1 comm&] ( ! gu>d1 *iefs ( platoon1 s]geant major1 & drum major salut+4 ,! new (fic] ( ! day returns ! salute ( ! comm&] ( ! gu>d & ! adjutant only1 mak+ "o salute ) ! h&4 #hfb4 ,! b&1 hav+ pass$ ! (fic] ( ! day1 turns to ! left out ( ! column1 places itself opposite to & fac+ him1 & cont9ues to play until ! gu>d leaves ! p>ade gr\nd4 ,! bugl]s deta* !mselves f ! b& :5 ! latt] turns out ( ! column & rema9 9 front ( ! gu>d1 comm5c+ to play :5 ! b& ceases4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( ! b& ! bugl]s d n turn out ( ! column1 b cont9ue to play 9 front ( ! gu>d4 #hfc4 ,! gu>d hav+ pass$ #ab y>ds beyond ! (fic] ( ! day1 ! adjutant halts2 ! s]geant major halts alongside ( ! adjutant & #a y>d to 8 left2 !y !n return sab]1 salute1 & retire4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d !n1 )\t halt+1 breaks ! gu>d into column ( f\rs & m>*es x to its po/4 #hfd4 ,! (fic]s ( ! day turn t[>d ea* o!r & salute1 ! old (fic] ( ! day turn+ ov] ! ord]s to ! new (fic] ( ! day4 ,:ile ! b& is s\nd+ (f & :ile ! gu>d is pass+ 9 review ! (fic]s ( ! day rema9 at att5tion4 #hfe4 ,if ! gu>d be n divid$ into platoons ! adjutant comm&s3 #a4 ,gu>d "r turn1 #b4 ,,m>*2 #c4 ,gu>d1 #d3 ,,halt1 & x passes 9 review z expla9$2 ! comm&] ( ! gu>d is #c y>ds 9 front ( its c5t] guide1 ! adjutant is #f y>ds f ! rank & abrea/ ( ! comm&]1 ! s]geant major cov]s ! adjutant & m>*es abrea/ ( ! rank4 ,,reliev+ ,,! ,,old ,,gu>d--7,,=mal ,,gu>d ,,m\nt+1 ,,m\nt$47 #hff4 ,z ! new gu>d approa*es ! gu>dh\se ! old gu>d is =m$ 9 l9e at ! c>ry sab]1 its bugl]s #c y>ds to its "r2 :5 ! bugl]s at ! head ( ! new gu>d arrive opposite ! left ( ! old gu>d its comm&] comm&s3 #a4 ,pres5t1 #b4 ,,sab]2 bo? comm&]s salute &1 :5 ! new gu>d has pass$ ! comm&] ( ! old gu>d1 ! latt] comm&s3 #a4 ,c>ry1 #b4 ,,sab]4 ,! bugl]s & gu>d cont9ue m>*+ )\t *ang+ direction until ! re> ( ! column has pass$ #i y>ds beyond ! bugl]s ( ! old gu>d1 :5 ! comm&] ( ! new gu>d comm&s3 #a4 ,f\rs "r1 #b4 ,,m>*4 #hfg4 ,! bugl]s & gu>d are m>*$ #c y>ds 9 re> ( ! l9e ( ! old gu>d1 :5 ! comm&] ( ! new gu>d comm&s3 #a4 ,f\rs "r ab\t1 #b4 ,,m>*2 #c4 ,gu>d1 #d4 ,,halt2 #e4 ,,dress2 he !n1 fac+ to ! front1 aligns 8 gu>d s z to be on a l9e ) ! old gu>d & comm&s1 ,front2 ! bugl]s ( ! new gu>d are #c y>ds to ! "r ( ! rank4 #hfh4 ,! new gu>d be+ dress$1 ! comm&] ( ea* gu>d1 9 front ( & fac+ its c5t]1 comm&s3 #a4 ,pres5t1 #b4 ,,sab]1 resumes 8 front1 salutes1 resumes ! c>ry1 faces 8 gu>d1 & comm&s3 #a4 ,c>ry1 #b4 ,,sab]4 ,ea* gu>d is !n pres5t$ by its comm&] to its (fic] ( ! day2 if !re be b "o (fic] ( ! day pres5t1 or if an (fic] acts 9 ! capacity ( old & new (fic] ( ! day1 ea* gu>d is pres5t$ to him by its comm&]4 #hfi4 ,if ano!r p]son entitl$ to a salute approa*es1 ea* comm&] ( ! gu>d br+s 8 own gu>d to att5tion if n already at att5tion4 ,! s5ior comm&] ( ! two gu>ds !n comm&s3 #a4 ,old & new gu>ds1 #b4 ,pres5t1 #c4 ,,sab]4 ,! junior w salute at ! comm& ,pres5t1 ,sab]1 giv5 by ! s5ior4 ,aft] ! salute has be5 ackn[l$g$ ! s5ior br+s bo? gu>ds to ! ,c>ry1 ,sab]4 #hgj4 ,aft] ! salutes h be5 ackn[l$g$ by ! (fic]s ( ! day1 ea* gu>d returns sab] by comm& ( its own (fic] ( ! gu>d2 ! comm&] ( ! new gu>d !n directs ! ord]ly or ord]lies to fall out & report4 #hga4 ,! comm&] ( ! new gu>d !n falls out memb]s ( ! gu>d = deta*$ po/s1 plac+ !m "u *>ge ( ! prop] noncommission$ (fic]1 divides ! gu>d into ?ree reliefs1 fir/1 second1 & ?ird1 f "r to left1 & directs a li/ ( ! gu>d to be made by reliefs4 ,! s5t9els & deta*m5ts ( ! old gu>d are at once reliev$ by memb]s ( ! new gu>d1 ! two gu>ds /&+ at ease or dism\nt$ :ile ^! *anges are be+ made4 ,! comm&] ( ! old transmits to ! comm&] ( ! new gu>d all 8 ord]s1 in/ructions1 & in=mation conc]n+ ! gu>d & its duties4 #hgb4 ,! comm&] ( ! new gu>d !n has 8 own gu>d fall out1 takes possession ( ! gu>dh\se & v]ifies ! articles 9 *>ge ( ! gu>d4 #hgc4 ,if consid]able "t is requir$ to br+ 9 t portion ( ! old gu>d /ill on po/1 ! comm&+ (fic] may direct t z soon z ! ord]s & prop]ty are turn$ ov] to ! new gu>d ! portion ( ! old gu>d at ! gu>dh\se may be m>*$ (f & dismiss$4 ,9 su* case ! rema9+ deta*m5ts ( ! old gu>d w be inspect$ by ! comm&] ( ! new gu>d :5 !y rea* ! gu>dh\se4 ,he w direct ! s5ior noncommission$ (fic] pres5t to m>* ^! deta*m5ts (f & dismiss !m 9 ! prescrib$ mann]4 #hgd4 ,9 bad wea!r1 at night1 or aft] long m>*es ! music may be omitt$1 or ! bugl]s may take ! place ( ! b& & s\nd (f /&+ on ! "r ( ! gu>d & ! m>* 9 review be omitt$4 ,9 cases 9 :i* an organization1 entire or 9 "p1 is detail$ = gu>d1 x is m>*$ to ! p>ade gr\nd z a s+le detail 7,p>4 #heh47 #hge4 ,= detail$ in/ructions = gu>ds & s5t9els see ,manual ( ,int]ior ,gu>d ,duty4 ,,=mal ,,gu>d ,,m\nt+1 ,,dism\nt$4 #hgf4 ,gu>d m\nt+1 dism\nt$1 & reliev+ ! old gu>d are conduct$ on ! same pr9ciples z :5 m\nt$1 ) ! foll[+ modifications3 7a7 ,! m5 designat$ = gu>d fall 91 dism\nt$1 on _! troop p>ade gr\nds2 noncommission$ (fic]s n comm&+ detail1 #b paces 9 re> ( rank4 7b7 ,! detail t is to be on ! "r is m>*$ to ! l9e s t ^u halt+ ! brea/ ( ! man on ! "r %all be ne> to & opposite ! left arm ( ! s]geant major4 ,at ! comm& ,,dress1 ! detail dresses up to ! l9e ( ! s]geant major & its comm&]1 ! man on ! "r plac+ 8 brea/ aga9/ ! left arm ( ! s]geant major4 7c7 ,:5 ! la/ detail has =m$1 ! s]geant major takes a side /ep to ! "r1 draws sab] if arm$ ) "o1 v]ifies ! detail1 takes po/ #b paces to ! "r & #b paces to ! front ( ! gu>d1 fac+ to ! left & causes ! gu>d to c\nt f\rs4 7d7 ,:5 ! s]geant major has report$1 ! (fic] ( ! gu>d takes po/ #c paces 9 front ( ! c5t] ( ! gu>d1 draws sab] & ord]s sab]1 ! gu>d be+ at ord] arms4 ,! inspection :i* corresponds to t ( p>4 #hhb be+ end$1 & ! (fic]s ( ! day1 ! adjutant1 & ! comm&] ( ! gu>d hav+ tak5 _! po/s1 ! comm&] ( ! gu>d draws sab] ) ! adjutant & comes to ! ord]4 ,! adjutant !n comm&s3 #a4 ,p>ade1 #b4 ,re/1 #c4 ,,s\nd ,,(f1 & comes to ! ord] & p>ade re/4 7e7 ,aft] ! b& has s\nd$ (f1 ! adjutant1 comm&] ( ! gu>d1 & platoon lead]s come to att5tion1 & ! adjutant comm&s3 #a4 ,pres5t1 #b4 ,,arms1 faces t[>d ! (fic] ( ! day & reports3 ,sir1 ! gu>d is =m$4 ,! new (fic] ( ! day1 aft] ! adjutant has report$1 returns ! salute ) ! h& & directs ! adjutant3 ,m>* ! gu>d 9 review1 ,sir4 ,! adjutant c>ries sab]1 faces ab\t1 br+s ! gu>d to an ord] & comm&s3 #a4 ,at trail1 platoons 7or gu>d7 "r turn1 #b4 ,,m>*2 #c4 ,gu>d1 #d4 ,,halt4 ,! gu>d m>*es 9 quick "t pa/ ! (fic] ( ! day1 accord+ to ! pr9ciples z :5 m\nt$4 ,:ile ! b& is s\nd+ (f & :ile ! gu>d is m>*+ 9 review1 ! (fic]s ( ! day /& at p>ade re/ ) arms fold$4 ,!y take ?is position :5 ! adjutant comes to p>ade re/1 resume ! att5tion ) him1 aga9 take ! p>ade re/ at ! fir/ note ( ! m>* 9 review1 & resume att5tion z ! head ( ! column approa*es4 7f7 ,if ! gu>d be n divid$ into platoons1 ! adjutant comm&s3 #a4 ,at trail1 gu>d "r turn1 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,gu>d1 #d4 ,,halt1 & x passes 9 review z expla9$2 ! comm&] ( ! gu>d is #c paces 9 front ( its c5t] guide4 ,section #ba4 ,reliev+ ! ,old ,gu>d4 #cfj4 ,z ! new gu>d approa*es ! gu>dh\se1 ! old gu>d is =m$ 9 l9e1 ) its field music ?ree paces to its "r2 &1 :5 ! field music at ! head ( ! new gu>d arrives opposite its left1 ! comm&] ( ! new gu>d comm&s3 #a4 ,eyes1 ,,"r2 ! comm&] ( ! old gu>d comm&s3 #a4 ,pres5t1 #b4 ,,arms2 comm&]s ( bo? gu>ds salute4 ,! new gu>d m>*es 9 quick "t pa/ ! old gu>d4 ,:5 ! comm&] ( ! new gu>d is opposite ! field music ( ! old gu>d1 he comm&s3 ,,front2 ! comm&] ( ! old gu>d comm&s3 #a4 ,ord]1 #b4 ,,arms1 z soon z ! new gu>d %all h cle>$ ! old gu>d4 ,! field music hav+ m>*$ ?ree paces beyond ! field music ( ! old gu>d1 *anges direction to ! "r1 &1 foll[$ by ! gu>d1 *anges direction to ! left :5 on a l9e ) ! old gu>d2 ! *anges ( direction are )\t comm&4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d halts on ! l9e ( ! front rank ( ! old gu>d1 all[s 8 gu>d to m>* pa/ him1 &1 :5 its re> approa*es1 =ms x 9 l9e to ! left1 e/abli%es ! left guide ?ree paces to ! "r ( ! field music ( ! old gu>d1 & on a l9e ) ! front rank1 & !n dresses 8 gu>d to ! left2 ! field music ( ! new gu>d is ?ree paces to ! "r ( its front rank4 #cfa4 ,! new gu>d be+ dress$ ! comm&] ( ea* gu>d1 9 front ( & fac+ its c5t]1 comm&s3 #a4 ,pres5t1 #b4 ,,arms1 resumes 8 front1 salutes1 c>ries sab]1 faces 8 gu>d1 & comm&s3 #a4 ,ord]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,%\ld a gu>d be comm&$ by a noncommission$ (fic]1 he /&s on ! "r or left ( ! front rank1 accord+ z he comm&s ! old or new gu>d1 & executes ! rifle salute4 #cfb4 ,aft] ! new gu>d arrives at its po/ & has salut$ ! old gu>d1 ea* gu>d is pres5t$ by its comm&] to its (fic] ( ! day2 if !re be b "o (fic] ( ! day pres5t1 or if "o (fic] acts 9 ! capacity ( old & new (fic] ( ! day1 ea* gu>d is pres5t$ to him by its comm&]4 #cfc4 ,if o!r p]sons entitl$ to a salute approa*1 ea* comm&] ( ! gu>d w br+ 8 own gu>d to att5tion if n already at att5tion4 ,! s5ior comm&] ( ! two gu>ds w !n comm&3 #a4 ,old & new gu>ds1 #b4 ,pres5t1 #c4 ,arms4 ,! junior w salute at ! comm& ,pres5t ,arms giv5 by ! s5ior4 ,aft] ! salute has be5 ackn[l$g$1 ! s5ior br+s bo? gu>ds to ! ord]4 #cfd4 ,aft] ! salutes h be5 ackn[l$g$ by ! (fic]s ( ! day1 ea* gu>d is br\ght to an ord] by its comm&]2 ! comm&] ( ! new gu>d !n directs ! ord]ly or ord]lies to fall out & report & causes bayonets to be fix$ if s ord]$ by ! comm&+ (fic]2 bayonets w n !n be unfix$ dur+ ! t\r except 9 r\te m>*es :ile ! gu>d is actually m>*+ or :5 specially direct$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 ,! comm&] ( ! new gu>d !n falls out memb]s ( ! gu>d = deta*$ po/s1 plac+ !m "u *>ge ( ! prop] noncommission$ (fic]s1 divides ! gu>d into ?ree reliefs1 fir/1 second1 & ?ird1 f "r1 to left1 & directs a li/ ( ! gu>d to be made by reliefs4 ,:5 ! gu>d consi/s ( troops ( diff]5t arms comb9$1 ! m5 are assign$ to reliefs s z to insure a fair division ( duty "u rules prescrib$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #cfe4 ,! s5t9els & deta*m5ts ( ! old gu>d are at once reliev$ by memb]s ( ! new gu>d1 ! two gu>ds /&+ at ease or at re/ :ile ^! *anges are be+ made4 ,! comm&] ( ! old transmits to ! comm&] ( ! new gu>d all 8 ord]s1 in/ructions1 & in=mation conc]n+ ! gu>d & its duties4 ,! comm&] ( ! new gu>d !n takes possession ( ! gu>dh\se & v]ifies ! articles 9 *>ge ( ! gu>d4 #cff4 ,if consid]able "t is requir$ to br+ 9 t portion ( ! old gu>d /ill on po/1 ! comm&+ (fic] may direct t z soon z ! ord]s & prop]ty are turn$ ov] to ! new gu>d ! portion ( ! old gu>d at ! gu>dh\se may be m>*$ (f & dismiss$4 ,9 su* a case ! rema9+ deta*m5t or deta*m5ts ( ! old gu>d w be inspect$ by ! comm&] ( ! new gu>d :5 !y rea* ! gu>dh\se4 ,he w direct ! s5ior noncommission$ (fic] pres5t to m>* ^! deta*m5ts (f & dismiss !m 9 ! prescrib$ mann]4 #cfg4 ,9 bad wea!r1 at night1 aft] long m>*es1 or :5 ! gu>d is v small1 ! field music may be disp5s$ )4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,map ,,read+ ,,& ,,sket*+4 ,section #a4 ,milit>y map read+4 ,:5 y pick up a map1 ! fir/ "q is1 ,:]e is ! nor?8 ,?is c usually be told by an arr[ 7see fig4 #a1 p4 #bei7 :i* w be f\nd 9 "o ( ! corn]s ( ! map1 & :i* po9ts to ! true nor?--! nor? ( ! nor? />4 ,on "s maps no arr[ is to be f\nd4 ,! *ances are a hundr$ to "o t ! nor? is at ! top ( ! map1 z x is on almo/ all pr9t$ maps4 ,b y c only assure y\rself ( t fact by *eck+ ! map ) ! gr\nd x repres5ts4 ,= in/ance1 if y asc]ta9 t ! city ( ,philadelphia is due ea/ ( ! city ( ,columbus1 !n ! ,philadelphia-,columbus l9e on ! map is a due ea/-&-we/ l9e1 & e/abli%es at once all ! o!r map directions4 ,n[1 ! map repres5ts ! gr\nd z ne>ly z x c be repres5t$ on a flat piece ( pap]4 ,if y are /&+ up1 fac+ ! nor?1 y\r "r h& w be 9 ! ea/1 y\r left 9 ! we/1 & y\r back to ! s\?4 ,x is ! same ) a map2 if y look across x 9 ! direction ( ! arr[--t is1 t[>d its nor?--y\r "r h& w be t[>d :at is ea/ on ! map2 y\r left h& to ! we/2 ! s\? w be at ! bottom ( ! map4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e & scale4 ,!re is ano!r k9d ( an arr[ t sometimes appe>s on a map4 ,x is l ! "o 9 figure #b1 page #bei1 & po9ts n to ! true nor? b to ! magnetic nor?1 :i* is ! nor? ( ! compass4 ,?\gh ! compass ne$le1 & !re=e ! arr[ t repres5ts x on ! map1 does n po9t exactly nor?1 ! deviation is1 f a milit>y po9t ( view1 slight1 & appreciable error w r>ely result ?r\gh ! use ( ! magnetic in/ead ( ! true nor? 9 ! solution ( any milit>y problems4 ,%\ld y be curi\s to "k ! exact deviation1 consult y\r local surveyor or any civil eng9e]4 ,bo? arr[s may appe> on y\r map4 ,9 t case disreg>d ! magnetic arr[ unless y are us+ ! map 9 connection ) a compass4 ,if a map is be+ us$ on ! gr\nd1 ! fir/ ?+ to be done is to put ! l9es ( ! map p>allel to ! real outl9es ( ! gr\nd =ms1 & roads1 f5ces1 railroads1 etc41 t ! map %[s2 = ! mak+ ( a map is no m ?an ! draw+ on pap] ( l9es p>allel to & proportional 9 l5g? to real directions & di/ances on ! gr\nd4 ,= in/ance1 ! road betwe5 two places runs due nor? & s\?4 ,!n on ! map a l9e repres5t+ ! road w be p>allel to ! arr[ %[+ ! nor? & w be proportional 9 l5g? to ! real road4 ,9 ?is way a map is a picture1 or bett]1 a b>e outl9e sket*2 &1 z we c make out a picture1 ?\gh x be upside d[n1 or crook$ on ! wall1 s we c use a map t is upside d[n or n p>allel to ! real gr\nd =ms4 ,b x is easi] to make out bo? ! picture & ! map if _! l9es are p>allel to :at !y repres5t4 ,s 9 us+ a map on ! gr\nd we always put ! l9es p>allel to ! actual features !y %[4 ,?is is easy if ! map has an arr[4 ,if ! map has no arr[1 y mu/ locate objects or features on ! gr\nd1 & on ! map1 _! repres5tations4 ,draw on ! map a l9e connect+ any two ( ! features2 place ?is l9e p>allel to an imag9>y l9e ?r\gh ! two actual features locat$1 & y\r map w be correctly plac$4 ,look to x t y d n rev]se on ! map ! positions ( ! two objects or features1 or y\r map w be exactly upside d[n4 ,:5 ! map has be5 turn$ into ! prop] position--t is to say1 ori5t$--! next ?+ is to locate on ! map y\r position4 ,if y are 9 ! village ( ,ea/on & !re is a place on ! map label$ ,ea/on1 ! answ] is app>5t4 ,b if y are out 9 ! c\ntry1 at an unlabel$ po9t t looks l any "o ( a doz5 o!r simil> po9ts1 ! task is m complicat$4 ,9 ?is latt] case y mu/ locate & id5tify1 bo? on ! map & on ! gr\nd1 o!r po9ts--hills1 villages1 peculi> b5ds 9 riv]s1 =e/s--any gr\nd features t h "s easily recognizable peculi>ity & t y c see f y\r position4 ,suppose1 = in/ance1 y 7 ne> ,leav5wor? & want$ to locate y\r exact position1 ( :i* y are unc]ta94 ,y h ! map %[n 9 ?is manual1 &1 look+ ab\t1 y see s\?we/ f :]e y /& ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,p5it5ti>y2 also1 halfway betwe5 ! s\? & ! s\!a/--s\?-s\!a/ a sailor w\ld say--! res]voir 7rectangle we/ ( ,o 9 ,miss\ri74 ,hav+ ori5t$ y\r map1 draw on x a l9e f ! map position ( ! res]voir t[>d its actual position on ! gr\nd4 ,simil>ly draw a l9e f ! map position ( p5it5ti>y t[>d its actual position4 ,prolong ! two l9es until !y int]sect4 ,! int]section ( ! l9es w m>k ! place :]e y /&--s\? ,m]ritt ,hill4 ,?is me?od consi/s m]ely 9 draw+ on ! map l9es t repres5t ! l9es ( sight to kn[n & visible places4 ,! l9es pass ?r\gh ! map position ( ! places y see & are p>allel to ! actual l9es ( sight2 !re=e !y are ! map repres5tations ( ! l9es ( sight1 & _! int]section is ! map position ( ! eye ( ! obs]v]4 ,aft] ?is ori5tation & location ( position1 "o c d$uce f ! map ev]y?+ !re is to "k 9 reg>d to directions4 ,9 ?is respect1 /udy ( ! gr\nd itself w %[ no m ?an w /udy ( ! map4 ,aft] ,:at direction8 comes ,h[ f>8 ,to answ] ?is1 "o mu/ und]/& t ! map di/ance betwe5 any two po9ts %[n be>s a fix$ & def9ite relation or proportion to ! real di/ance betwe5 ! two po9ts4 ,= in/ance3 ,we measure on a map & f9d ! di/ance betwe5 two po9ts to be #a in*4 ,!n we measure ! real di/ance on ! gr\nd & f9d x to be #aj1jjj in*es2 h5ce ! relation betwe5 ! map di/ance & ! real di/ance is #a to #aj1jjj1 or #a_/ajjjj4 ,n[1 if ! map is prop]ly drawn1 ! same relation w hold good = all di/ances1 & we c obta9 any gr\nd di/ance by multiply+ by #aj1jjj ! correspond+ map di/ance4 ,?is relation ne$ n be #a_/ajjjj1 b may be any?+ f #a_/ajj t an ar*itect might use 9 mak+ a map or plan ( a h\se up to "o ov] a billion & a half1 :i* is ab\t ! proportion betwe5 map & real di/ances 9 a pocket-atlas repres5tation ( ! :ole _w on a #f-;in* page4 ,map mak]s call ?is relation ! scale ( ! map & put x d[n 9 a corn] 9 "o ( ?ree ways4 ,= ! sake ( an illu/ration1 say ! relation betwe5 map & gr\nd di/ances is #a to #ajj2 t is1 #a in* on ! map is equal to #ajj on ! gr\nd4 ,! scale may be writt53 ,fir/4 #a in* equals #ajj4 ,second4 #a_/ajj4 ,?ird4 ,z %[n by figure #c 7p4 #bei74 ,^! expressions mean "o & ! same ?+4 ,a v>iation ( ! fir/ me?od on a map ( diff]5t scale might be3 #a in* equals #a mile4 ,s9ce a mile conta9s #fc1cfj in*es1 !n ! real di/ance betwe5 any two po9ts %[n on ! map is #fc1cfj times ! map di/ance4 ,to f9d ! gr\nd di/ance by ! ?ird k9d ( scale1 copy x on ! edge ( a slip ( pap]1 apply ! slip directly to ! map1 & read (f ! di/ance2 & s we answ] ! "q1 ,h[ f>8 ,aft] direction & di/ance comes ! int]pretation ( ! signs1 symbols1 & abbreviations on ! map4 ,^? au?oriz$ are giv5 on pages #bgb & #bgc 7a repr9t ( ,app5dix #d1 ,field ,s]vice ,regulations1 #aiad72 b !re are a good _m o!r conv5tional signs 9 common use4 ,a key to !m is publi%$ by ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t & is call$ ,conv5tional ,signs1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army4 ,f ^! y read at once ! natural & artificial features ( ! c\ntry %[n on y\r map4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ^! conv5tional signs are n necess>ily drawn to scale1 z are ! di/ances4 ,!y %[ ! position & outl9e ( ! features r ?an ! size4 ,?is = ! reason t _m ( ! features %[n1 if drawn to scale1 w\ld be s small t "o c\ld n make !m out except ) a magnify+ glass4 ,if ! exact dim5sions are ( any importance1 !y w be writt5 9 figures on ! map4 ,= in/ance1 bridges4 ,9 addition to ! above conv5tional signs1 we h cont\rs to %[ ! elevations1 depressions1 slope1 & %ape ( ! gr\nd4 ,abroad1 ha*ures are mu* us$1 b !y s]ve only to indicate elevation1 &1 z comp>$ to cont\rs1 are ( little value4 ,cont\rs resemble ! l9es %[n 9 figure #d 7p4 #bei74 ,ha*ures are %[n 9 figure #e 7p4 #bei71 & may be f\nd on any ,european map4 ,!y simply %[ slopes1 &1 :5 c>efully drawn1 %[ /eep] slopes by heavi] %ad+ & g5tl] slopes by ! fa9t] ha*ures4 ,! cre/ ( ! m\nta9 is )9 ! ha*ures4 7,see fig4 #e1 p4 #bei47 ,cont\rs4--,a c]ta9 /ud5t1 :5 ask$ by 8 in/ructor to def9e space1 said3 ,i h x1 sir1 9 my head1 b c n put x into words4 ,! in/ructor repli$3 ,i suppose t "u ^? circum/ances1 ,mr4 ----1 ! def9ition really w\ld n help mu*4 ,& s x is ) cont\rs--! def9ition does n help mu* if y "k a cont\r :5 y meet x on a map4 ,= examples ( cont\rs1 turn to ! map fac+ page #bgd1 &1 />t+ at ! ,unit$ ,/ates p5it5ti>y1 note ! smoo?1 fl[+1 irregul> curv$ l9es m>k$ #hhj1 #hfj1 #hdj1 #hdj1 #hfj1 etc4 ,! only o!r l9es on ! map t at all resemble cont\rs are /ream l9es1 l ,corral ,creek1 b ! /ream l9es are readily di/+ui%$ f cont\rs by ! fact t !y cross ! cont\rs squ>ely1 :ile ! cont\rs run approximately p>allel to ea* o!r4 ,note ! /ream l9e j to ! we/ ( ,s\? ,m]ritt ,hill4 ,! cont\rs repres5t l9es on ! gr\nd t are horizontal & ^: me&]+s foll[ ! surface1 j z ! edge ( a flood w\ld foll[ ! irregul>ities ( ! hills ab\t x4 ,^? l9es t cont\rs /& = are j z level z ! wat]'s edge ( a lake1 b horizontally !y w&] back & =? to j z great a degree4 ,! l9e m>k$ #hhj1 at ! p5it5ti>y1 passes ?r\gh on t p>ticul> piece ( gr\nd e po9t t is #hhj feet above sea level4 ,%\ld ! ,miss\ri ,riv] rise 9 flood to #hhj feet1 ! p5it5ti>y w\ld be on an isl&1 ! edge ( :i* is m>k$ by ! #hhj cont\r4 ,cont\rs %[ sev]al ?+s2 among !m ! height ( ! gr\nd !y cross4 ,usually ! cont\r has label$ on x 9 figures ! height above "s />t+ po9t1 call$ ! datum plane--g5]ally sea level4 ,if1 ) a survey+ in/rum5t1 y put 9 on a piece ( gr\nd a lot ( /akes1 ea* "o ( :i* is exactly ! same height above sea level--t is1 run a l9e ( levels--!n make a map %[+ ! location ( ! /akes1 a l9e drawn on ! map ?r\gh all ! /ake positions is a cont\r1 & %[s ! position ( all po9ts ( t p>ticul> height4 ,on any giv5 map all cont\rs are equally spac$ 9 a v]tical direction1 & ! map %[s ! location ( a great numb] ( po9ts at c]ta9 fix$ levels4 ,if y "k ! v]tical int]val betwe5 any two adjac5t cont\rs1 y "k ! v]tical int]val = all ! cont\rs on t map1 = ^! int]vals on a giv5 map are all ! same4 ,) ref]5ce to a po9t ?r\gh :i* no cont\r passes1 we c only say t ! po9t 9 "q is n high] ?an ! next cont\r up ! hill1 nor l[] ?an ! next "o d[n ! hill4 ,= ! purposes ( any problem1 x is usual to assume t ! gr\nd slopes ev5ly betwe5 ! two adjac5t cont\rs & t ! v]tical height ( ! po9t above ! l[] cont\r is proportional to its horizontal di/ance f ! cont\r1 z comp>$ to ! :ole di/ance betwe5 ! two cont\rs4 ,= in/ance1 on ! map1 f9d ! height ( po9t ,a4 ,! horizontal measurem5ts are z %[n on ! map4 ,! v]tical di/ance betwe5 ! cont\rs is #bj feet4 ,a is ab\t "o-qu>t] ( ! di/ance betwe5 ! #hjj & ! #hbj cont\rs1 & we assume its height to be "o-qu>t] ( #bj feet 7#e feet7 high] ?an #hjj feet4 ,s ! height ( ,a is #hje feet4 ,! v]tical int]val is usually indicat$ 9 ! corn] ( ! map by ! lett]s ,v4 ,i4 ,= in/ance3 ,v4 ,i4#bj feet4 ,on maps ( v small pieces ( gr\nd1 ! ,v4 ,i4 is usually small--p]haps z small z #a foot2 on maps ( l>ge areas on a small scale x may be v great--ev5 #a1jjj feet4 ,cont\rs also %[ slopes4 ,x has already be5 expla9$ t f any cont\r to ! next "o above x ! gr\nd rises a fix$ numb] ( feet1 accord+ to ! v]tical int]val ( t map4 ,f ! scale ( di/ances on ! map ! horizontal di/ance betwe5 any two cont\rs c be f\nd4 ,= example3 ,on ! map ! horizontal di/ance betwe5 ,d & ,e is #ij y>ds1 or #bgj feet4 ,! v]tical di/ance is #bj feet1 ! ,v4 ,i4 ( ! map4 ,! slope !n is #bj_/bgj #a_/ac4e #g-a_/b #d-a_/b1 9 all ( :i* diff]5t ways ! slope c be express$4 ,illu/ration3 ,slope4 ,on a good _m cont\r$ maps a figure l ?is w be f\nd 9 "o ( ! corn]s3 ,illu/ration3 ,scale4 ,on t p>ticul> map cont\rs sep>at$ by ! di/ance ,illu/ration3 ,scale4 on ! v]tical scale %[ a slope ( #a2 if sep>at$ by ! di/ance ,illu/ration3 #b !y %[ a #b slope1 etc4 ,a slope ( #a is a rise ( #a foot 9 #eg4 ,to use ?is scale ( slopes1 copy x on ! edge ( a piece ( pap] j z y did ! scale ( di/ances & apply x directly to ! map4 ,y w notice t :]e ! cont\rs lie close/ ! slope is /eepe/2 :]e !y are f>!/ ap>t1 ! gr\nd is mo/ ne>ly flat4 ,x has already be5 set =? h[ cont\rs %[ height & slope2 9 addition to ?is !y %[ ! %ape ( ! gr\nd1 or ,,gr\nd ,,=ms4 ,ea* s+le cont\r %[s ! %ape at its p>ticul> level ( ! hill or valley x outl9es2 = in/ance1 ! #hhj cont\r ab\t ! p5it5ti>y %[s t ! hill at t level has a %ape some:at l a horse's head4 ,simil>ly1 e cont\r on ! map gives u ! =m ( ! gr\nd at its p>ticul> level1 & kn[+ ^! gr\nd =ms = _m levels we c =m a fair conception ( :at ! :ole surface is l4 ,a r\nd cont\r l ! lett] ,o outl9es a r\nd gr\nd feature2 a long1 n>r[ "o indicates a long1 n>r[ gr\nd feature4 ,diff]5t hills & depressions h diff]5t %apes4 ,a good _m ( !m h "o %ape at "o level & ano!r %ape at ano!r level1 all ( :i* in=mation w be giv5 y by ! cont\rs on ! map4 ,"o ( ! ways to see h[ cont\rs %[ ! %ape ( ! gr\nd is to p\r half a bucket ( wat] into a small depression 9 ! gr\nd4 ,! wat]'s edge w be exactly level1 & if ! depression is approximately r\nd ! wat]'s edge w also be approximately r\nd4 ,! outl9e w look some?+ l figure #f4 ,draw r\ghly on a piece ( pap] a figure ( ! same %ape & y w h a cont\r %[+ ! %ape ( ! bit ( gr\nd :]e y p\r$ y\r wat]4 ,next1 ) y\r heel g\ge out on "o edge ( y\r little pond a small1 r\nd bay4 ,! wat] w ru% 9 & ! wat]m>k on ! soil w n[ be %ap$ some?+ l figure #g4 ,alt] y\r draw+ accord+ly1 & ! new cont\r w %[ ! new gr\nd %ape4 ,aga9 d viol5ce to ! face ( nature by digg+ ) a /ick a n>r[ inlet op5+ out ( y\r m9iature ocean1 & ! wat]m>k w n[ look some?+ l figure #h4 ,alt] y\r draw+ once m & y\r cont\r %[s aga9 ! hew gr\nd =m4 ,drop into y\r ma9 pond a r\nd clod & y w h a new wat]m>k1 l figure #i1 to add to y\r draw+4 ,?is new cont\r1 ( ! same level ) ! "o %[+ ! limit ( ! depression1 %[s on ! draw+ ! r\nd isl&4 ,drop 9 a second clod1 ?is "t long & n>r[1 ! wat]m>k w be l figure #aj1 & ! draw+ ( x1 prop]ly plac$1 w %[ ano!r isl& ( ano!r %ape4 ,y\r draw+ n[ w look l figure #aa4 ,x %[s a depression approximately r\nd1 (f :i* op5 a r\nd bay & a long1 n>r[ bay4 ,!re is also a r\nd elevation & a long1 n>r[ "o2 a long1 n>r[ ridge1 jutt+ out betwe5 ! two bays1 & a %ort1 broad "o across ! neck ( ! r\nd bay4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f to #aa4 ,n[ flood y\r lake deeply en\gh to cov] up ! features y h introduc$4 ,! new wat] l9e1 ab\t z %[n by ! dott$ l9e 9 figure #aa1 %[s ! oblong %ape ( ! depression at a high] level2 ! solid l9es %[ ! %ape f>!r d[n2 ! horizontal di/ance betwe5 ! two cont\rs at diff]5t po9ts %[s :]e ! bank is /eep & :]e ! slope is g5tl]4 ,put toge!r ! in=mation ea* ( ^! cont\rs gives y1 & y w see h[ cont\rs %[ ! %ape ( ! gr\nd4 ,on ! little map y h drawn y h introduc$ all ! v>ieties ( gr\nd =ms !re are2 !re=e all cont\r =ms4 ,! cont\rs on an ord9>y map seem mu* m complicat$1 b ?is is due only to ! numb] ( !m1 _! l5g?1 & _m turns be=e !y f9ally close on !mselves4 ,or !y may close (f ! pap]4 ,b trace ea* "o out1 & x w resolve itself into "o ( ! =ms %[n 9 figure #aa4 ,j z ! high-tide l9e ar\nd ! cont95ts ( ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica runs a long & tortu\s c\rse1 b f9ally closes back on itself1 s w e cont\r d likewise4 ,& j z truly z e b5d 9 t high-tide m>k turns out ar\nd a promontory1 or 9 ar\nd a bay1 s w e b5d 9 a cont\r /& = a hill or a valley1 po9t+ to ! l[l&s if x be a hill1 & to ! height if x m>k a valley4 ,if ! map embrace a :ole cont95t or an isl&1 all ! cont\rs w be ( clos$ =m1 z 9 figure #aa1 b if x embrace only a "p ( ! cont95t or isl&1 "s ( ! cont\rs w be *opp$ (f at ! edge ( ! map1 & we h ! op5 =m ( cont\rs1 z we w\ld h if figure #aa 7 cut into two p>ts4 ,! clos$ =m may indicate a hill or a bas92 ! op5 =m1 a ridge or a valley2 sometimes a casual glance does n indicate :i*4 ,take up1 fir/1 ! cont\r ( ! op5 type4 ,if ! map %[s a /ream runn+ d[n ! inside ( ! cont\r1 !re is no difficulty 9 say+ at once t ! gr\nd feature is a valley2 = in/ance1 ,v1 ,v1 ,v1 & ! valley ( ,corral ,creek on ! map4 ,b if !re is no /ream l9e1 does ! cont\r b5d %[ a valley or a ridge8 ,fir/ ( all1 !re is a radical diff]5ce betwe5 ! b5d ( a cont\r r\nd ! head ( a valley & its b5d r\nd ! nose ( a ridge4 ,comp>e on ! map ! valleys ,v & ! ridges ,r4 ,! b5d ( ! cont\r r\nd ! head ( ! valley is mu* %>p] ?an ! b5d ( ! cont\r r\nd ! nose ( ! ridge4 ,?is is a g5]al tru?1 n only 9 reg>d to maps1 b also 9 reg>d to gr\nd =ms4 ,/udy any piece ( op5 gr\nd & note h[ mu* wid] are ! ridges ?an ! valleys4 ,:]e y f9d a hog back or devil's backbone1 y h an exception to ! rule1 b ! exceptions are n frequ5t en\gh to worry ov]4 ,to tell :e!r a giv5 po9t is on a ridge or 9 a valley1 />t f ! ne>e/ /ream %[n on ! map & "w across ! map to ! undet]m9$ po9t1 keep+ 9 m9d t 9 a real trip across ! c\ntry y />t f ! /ream1 g up ! hill to ! top ( a ridge1 d[n ! o!r side ( ! hill to a wat]c\rse1 !n up a hill to ! top ( a ridge1 d[n aga91 up aga91 etc4 ,t is all travel+ is--valley1 hill1 valley1 hill1 valley1 etc41 ?\gh y w&] till ! crack o' doom4 ,& s y\r map travels mu/ g--valley1 hill1 valley1 hill--till y run (f ! map or come back to ! />t+ po9t4 ,on ! map1 foll[ ! ,r-,v l9e1 ,v indicat+ valley & ,r ridge or hill4 ,note fir/ ! diff]5ce 9 %>pness 9 ! cont\r b5ds2 also h[ ! valley cont\rs po9t to ! highl& & ! ridge cont\rs to ! l[l&4 ,! cont\rs g ?us3 ,illu/ration3 ,sket* ,l[ _/ ,high l&4 ,! /reams fl[ d[n ! valleys1 & ! %>p angle ( ! cont\r po9ts always up /ream4 ,note also h[ ! junction ( a /ream & its tribut>y usually makes an angle t po9ts d[n /ream4 ,:i* way does ?is /ream run8 ,wat] fl[s d[n hill4 ,if y are 9 ! b$ ( a /ream1 cont\rs repres5t+ high] gr\nd mu/ be to y\r "r & to y\r left4 ,get ! elevations ( ^! cont\rs4 ,g5]ally ! ne>e/ cont\r to ! bank ( ! /ream w cross ! /ream1 & !re w be an angle or %>p turn 9 ! cont\r at ?is cross+4 ,if ! po9t ( ! angle or %>p turn is t[>d y1 y are go+ d[n/ream2 if away f y1 y are go+ up/ream4 ,if ! cont\rs are numb]$1 y h only to look at ! numb]s to say :]e ! l[ & :]e ! high places are2 b to read a map ) any spe$ "o mu/ be q indep5d5t ( ^! numb]s4 ,9 ord9>y map read+ look1 fir/ ( all1 = ! /ream l9es4 ,! /reams are ! skeleton ^u :i* ! :ole map is hung4 ,!n pick out ! hilltops & ridges1 & y h a body to clo! ) all ! details t w be reveal$ by a close & c>eful /udy ( :at ! map mak] has record$4 ,z to clos$ cont\rs1 !y may outl9e a depression or a hill ,on ! map #hha or #hhe might be hills or ponds1 z f> z _! %ape is conc]n$4 ,b1 cle>ly1 !y are hills1 = on ei!r side are small /reams runn+ away f !m4 ,if !y 7 ponds1 ! /ream l9es w\ld run t[>d ! clos$ cont\rs4 ,! te/ ( hill1 valley1 hill1 w always solve ! problem :5 !re are n en\gh /ream l9es %[n to make evid5t at once :e!r a clos$ cont\r m>ks a pond or a hill4 ,look 9 ! beg9n+ = ! /ream l9es & valleys1 &1 by contra/1 if = no o!r reason1 ! hills & ridges at once loom up4 ,to illu/rate ! subject ( cont\rs to aid ^? :o h difficulty 9 read+ cont\r$ maps ! foll[+ is sugge/$3 #a4 ,secure model+ clay & build a m\nd4 #b4 ,use wire & slice ?is m\nd horizontally at equal v]tical int]vals into zones2 !n ins]t v]tical d[els ?r\gh ! m\nd ( clay4 #c4 ,remove ! top zone1 place on pap]1 & draw outl9e ( ! bottom edge4 ,trim y\r pap] r\ghly to ! outl9e drawn4 ,indicate :]e ! holes made by ! d[els pi]ce ! pap]4 #d4 ,d ! above ) ea* zone ( y\r m\nd4 #e4 ,place ^! pap]s 9 prop] ord] on d[els simil>ly plac$ to ones 9 orig9al m\nd at1 say1 #a in* v]tical int]val ap>t4 ,a skeleton m\nd results4 #f4 ,replace ! zones ( ! clay m\nd & =m ! orig9al clay m\nd along ! side ( skeleton m\nd4 #g4 ,n[ =ce all ! pap] %eets d[n ! d[els onto ! bottom %eet1 & we h a map ( clay m\nd ) cont\rs4 ,,note4--,"o-in* or #b-;in* planks c be made into any desir$ =m by ! use ( d[els & simil> proc$ure foll[$4 ,p frequ5tly ask1 ,:at %\ld ,i see :5 ,i read a map8 & ! answ] is giv51 ,! gr\nd z x is4 ,?is is n true any m ?an x is true t ! words ,! valley ( ! ,meuse1 br+ to y\r m9d v9e-clad hills1 a noble riv]1 & gre5 fields :]e cattle graze4 ,nor c any picture ev] put into y\r ?\ght :at ! ,gr& ,canyon really is4 ,:at pr9t$ ^w or pa9t$ picture c n d1 a map w n4 ,a map says to y1 ,"h /&s a hill1 ,"h is a valley1 ,?is /ream runs s1 & gives y a good _m facts 9 reg>d to !m4 ,b y d n h to see any?+1 any m ?an y h to visualize ,liege 9 ord] to le>n ! facts ( its geography4 ,a map sets =? cold facts 9 an alphabet all its own1 b an easy alphabet1 & "o t tells ) a few curv+ l9es m ?an _m ?\s& words c\ld tell4 ,section #b4 ,sket*+4 ,noncommission$ (fic]s & select$ privates %\ld be able to make simple r\te sket*es4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly useful 9 patroll+1 z !reby a patrol lead] is able to give 8 comm&] a good idea ( ! c\ntry 8 patrol has trav]s$4 ,sket*es %\ld be made on a c]ta9 scale1 :i* %\ld be indicat$ on ! sket*1 su* z #c in*es on ! sket* equals #a mile on ! gr\nd4 ,! nor? %\ld be indicat$ on ! sket* by means ( an arr[ po9t+ 9 t direction4 ,any piece ( pap] may be us$ to make ! sket* on4 ,! back ( ! field-message blank is rul$ & prep>$ = ?is purpose4 ,! abbreviations & conv5tional signs %[n on ! foll[+ pages %\ld be us$ 9 mak+ su* simple sket*es4 ,field ,maps & ,sket*es4 ,! foll[+ abbreviations & signs are au?oriz$ = use on field maps & sket*es4 ,= m elaborate map "w ! au?oriz$ conv5tional signs z giv5 9 ! manual ( ,conv5tional ,signs1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army ,maps12 are us$4 ,abbreviations o!r ?an ^? giv5 %\ld n be us$4 ,,abbreviations4 ,a4 ,arroyo4 abut4 ,abutm5t4 ,ar4 ,ar*4 b4 ,brick4 ,b4,s4 ,blacksmi? ,%op4 bot4 ,bottom4 ,br4 ,bran*4 br4 ,bridge4 ,c4 ,cape4 cem4 ,cemet]y4 con4 ,concrete4 cov4 ,cov]$4 ,cr4 ,creek4 d4 ,deep4 cul4 ,culv]t4 ,d4,s4 ,drug ,/ore4 ,e4 ,ea/4 ,e/4 ,e/u>y4 f4 ,=dable4 ,ft4 ,=t4 ,g4,s4 ,g5]al ,/ore4 gir4 ,gird]4 ,g4,m4 ,gri/mill4 ,i4 ,iron4 ,i4 ,isl&4 ,jc4 ,junction4 k4p4 ,k+-po/4 ,l4 ,lake4 ,lat4 ,latitude4 ,ldg4 ,l&+4 ,l4,s4,s4 ,life-,sav+ ,/ation4 ,l4,h4 ,ligh?\se ,long4 ,longitude4 ,mt4 ,m\nta94 ,mts4 ,m\nta9s4 ,n4 ,nor?4 n4f4 ,n =dable4 ,p4 ,pi]4 pk4 ,plank4 ,p4,o4 ,po/ ,(fice ,pt4 ,po9t4 q4p4 ,que5-po/4 ,r4 ,riv]4 ,r4,h4 ,r\ndh\se4 ,r4,r4 ,railroad4 ,s4 ,s\?4 s4 ,/eel4 ,s4,h4 ,s*oolh\se4 ,s4,m4 ,sawmill4 ,/a4 ,/ation4 /4 ,/one4 /r4 ,/ream4 ,t4,g4 ,tollgate4 ,tres4 ,tre/le4 tr4 ,truss4 ,w4,t4 ,wat] ,tank4 ,w4,w4 ,wat] ,works4 ,w4 ,we/4 w4 ,wood4 wd4 ,wide4 ,,signs--,,field ,,maps ,,& ,,sket*es4 ,telegraph ,l9e ,symbol 7modifi$ bel[7 ,along improv$ road ,along unimprov$ road ,along trail ,railroads ,s+le track ,d\ble track ,trolley ,roads ,improv$ ,unimprov$ ,trail ,f5ces b>b$ wire smoo? wire wood /one h$ge ,page ) sket* examples ( bridge1 /reams1 h\se1 *ur*1 s*ool h\se1 woods1 or*>ds1 cultivat$ l&1 bru%1 crops or grass1 cemet]y1 trees1 cut & fill4 ,illu/ration3 ,map4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,message ,,blanks4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,no4 ,s5t ,"t4 ,rec'd ,"t4 ,*eck4 ,u4 ,s4 ,,army ,,field by4 by4 ,,message4 7,^! spaces = ,signal ,op]ators only47 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,communicat$ by ,"n ( s5d+ deta*m5t4 ,buzz]1 ,phone1 ,telegraph1 ,wireless1 ,f ,lant]n1 ,helio1 ,flag1 ,cycli/1 ,foot ,mess5g]1,at ,m\nt$ ,mess5g]1 ,motor ,c>1 ,fly+ ,ma*9e4 ,und]score means us$4 ,date ,h\r ,no ------------------------ ,to ,receiv$ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,! head+ ,f is fill$ 9 ) ! "n ( ! deta*m5t s5d+ ! in=mation3 z ,(fic]'s ,patrol1 #g? ,cav4 ,messages s5t on ! same day f ! same s\rce to ! same p]son are numb]$ consecutively4 ,! address is writt5 briefly1 ?us3 ,comm&+ (fic]1 ,outpo/1 #a/ ,brigade4 ,9 ! signature ! writ]'s surname only & rank are giv54 ,?is blank is f\r & a half by six & ?ree-qu>t]s in*es1 includ+ ! m>g9 on ! left = b9d+4 ,! back is rul$ 9 squ>es1 ! side ( ea* squ>e repres5t+ #ajj y>ds on a scale ( #c in*es to "o mile1 = use 9 mak+ simple sket*es explanatory1 ( ! message4 ,x is issu$ by ! ,signal ,corps 9 blocks ( =ty ) duplicat+ %eets4 ,! regulation envelope is ?ree by five & "o-f\r? in*es & is pr9t$ z foll[s3 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,army ,,field ,,message4 ,to ,no 7,= signal op]ator only47 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,:5 s5t ,no ,rate ( spe$ ,"n ( mess5g] ,:5 & by :om rec'd ,?is ,envelope w be ,return$ to ,be>]4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,signals ,,& ,,codes4 7,extracts f ,signal ,book1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army1 #aiaf47 ,g5]al ,in/ructions = ,army ,signal+4 #a4 ,ea* signal /ation w h its call1 consi/+ ( "o or two lett]s1 z ,wa%+ton1 ,w2 & ea* op]ator or signali/ w also h 8 p]sonal signal ( "o or two lett]s1 z ,jones1 ,jo4 ,^! be+ once adopt$ w n be *ang$ )\t due au?ority4 #b4 ,to less5 liability ( error1 num]als :i* occur 9 ! body ( a message %\ld be spell$ out4 #c4 ,9 receiv+ a message ! man at ! telescope %\ld call out ea* lett] z receiv$1 & n wait = ! completion ( a ^w4 #d4 ,a record ( ! date & "t ( ! receipt or transmission ( e message mu/ be kept4 #e4 ,! duplicate manuscript ( messages receiv$ at1 or ! orig9al s5t f1 a /ation %\ld be c>efully fil$4 #f4 ,9 receiv+ messages no?+ %\ld be tak5 = grant$1 & no?+ consid]$ z se5 until x has be5 positively & cle>ly 9 view4 ,d n anticipate :at w foll[ f signals already giv54 ,wat* ! communicat+ /ation until ! la/ signals are made1 & be v c]ta9 t ! signal = ! end ( ! message has be5 giv54 #g4 ,e address mu/ conta9 at lea/ two words & %\ld be suffici5t to secure deliv]y4 #h4 ,all t ! s5d] writes = transmission aft] ! ^w ,to is c\nt$4 #i4 ,:5ev] m ?an "o signature is atta*$ to a message c\nt all initials & names z a "p ( ! message4 #aj4 ,diction>y words1 initial lett]s1 surnames ( p]sons1 names ( cities1 t[ns1 villages1 ,/ates1 & ,t]ritories1 or names ( ! ,canadian ,prov9ces w be c\nt$ ea* z "o ^w2 e4g41 ,new ,york1 ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ,ea/ ,/4 ,l\is %\ld ea* be c\nt$ z "o ^w4 ,! abbreviation ( ! names ( cities1 t[ns1 villages1 ,/ates1 ,t]ritories1 & prov9ces w be c\nt$ ! same z if writt5 9 full4 #aa4 ,abbreviations ( weights & measures 9 common use1 figures1 decimal po9ts1 b>s ( division1 & 9 ord9al numb]s ! affixes /1 d1 nd1 rd1 & ? w be ea* c\nt$ z "o ^w4 ,lett]s & gr\ps ( lett]s1 :5 su* gr\ps d n =m diction>y words & are n comb9ations ( diction>y words1 w be c\nt$ at ! rate ( five lett]s or fraction ( five lett]s to a ^w4 ,:5 su* gr\ps are made up ( comb9ations ( diction>y words1 ea* diction>y ^w s us$ w be c\nt$4 #ab4 ,! foll[+ are exceptions to p>agraph #ee1 & are c\nt$ z %[n3 ,a4 ,m #a ^w ,p4 ,m #a ^w ,o4 ,k #a ^w ,p] c5t #a ^w #ac4 ,no message w be consid]$ s5t until its receipt has be5 ackn[l$g$ by ! receiv+ /ation4 ,! ,int]national ,morse or ,g5]al ,s]vice ,code4 #ah4 ,! ,int]national ,morse ,code is ! ,g5]al ,s]vice ,code & is prescrib$ = use by ! ,army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & betwe5 ! ,army & ! ,navy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x w be us$ on radio sy/ems1 subm>9e cables us+ siphon record]s1 & ) ! heliograph1 fla%-lant]ns1 & all visual signal+ app>atus us+ ! wigwag4 ,alphabet4 ,a 4 -- ,b -- 4 4 4 ,c -- 4 -- 4 ,d -- 4 4 ,e 4 ,f 4 4 -- 4 ,g -- -- 4 ,h 4 4 4 4 ,i 4 4 ,j 4 -- -- -- ,k -- 4 -- ,l 4 -- 4 4 ,m -- -- ,n -- 4 ,o -- -- -- ,p 4 -- -- 4 ,q -- -- 4 -- ,r 4 -- 4 ,s 4 4 4 ,t -- ,u 4 4 -- ,v 4 4 4 -- ,w 4 -- -- ,x -- 4 4 -- ,y -- 4 -- -- ,z -- -- 4 4 ,num]als4 #a 4 -- -- -- -- #b 4 4 -- -- -- #c 4 4 4 -- -- #d 4 4 4 4 -- #e 4 4 4 4 4 #f -- 4 4 4 4 #g -- -- 4 4 4 #h -- -- -- 4 4 #i -- -- -- -- 4 #j -- -- -- -- -- ,punctuation4 ,p]iod 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,comma 4 -- 4 -- 4 -- ,int]rogation 4 4 -- -- 4 4 ,hyph5 or da% -- 4 4 4 4 -- ,p>5!sis 7be=e & aft] ! words7 -- 4 -- -- 4 -- ,quotation m>k 7beg9n+ & end+7 4 -- 4 4 -- 4 ,exclamation -- -- 4 4 -- -- ,apo/rophe 4 -- -- -- 4 ,semicolon -- 4 -- 4 -- 4 ,colon -- -- -- 4 4 4 ,b> indicat+ fraction -- 4 4 -- 4 ,und]l9e 7be=e & aft] ! ^w or words x is wi%$ to und]l9e7 4 4 -- -- 4 -- ,d\ble da% 7betwe5 preamble & address1 betwe5 address & body ( message1 betwe5 body ( message & signature1 & imm$iately be=e a fraction7 -- 4 4 4 -- ,cross 4 -- 4 -- 4 ,visual ,signal+3 9 ,g5]al4 #ba4 ,me?ods ( visual signal+ are divid$ z foll[s3 7a7 ,by flag1 tor*1 h& lant]n1 or beam ( se>*light 7)\t %utt]47 7,g5]al ,s]vice ,code47 7b7 ,by heliograph1 fla% lant]n1 or se>*light 7) %utt]47 7,g5]al ,s]vice ,code47 7c7 ,by ,ardois4 7,g5]al ,s]vice ,code47 7d7 ,by h& flags or by /ation>y semaphore4 7,two-arm semaphore ,code47 7e7 ,by preconc]t$ signals ) ,co/on lights1 rockets1 bombs1 ,v pi/ols1 small arms1 guns1 etc4 7f7 ,by flag signals by p]man5t hoi/s4 7,int]national ,code47 #bb4 ,! foll[+ conv5tional signals1 ) exceptions not$1 w be us$ 9 ! fir/ f\r classes4 ,exceptions4 ,ardois & semaphore4 ,end ( ^w4 ,int]val4 ,end ( s5t5ce4 ,d\ble int]val4 ,end ( message4 ,triple int]val4 ,signal sep>at+ preamble f address2 address f text2 text f signature4 -- 4 4 4 -- ,d\ble int]val1 signature prec$$ also by ,sig int]val4 ,ackn[l$gem5t4 ,r4 ,error4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,a4 ,negative4 ,k4 ,prep>atory4 ,l4 ,annull+4 ,n4 ,affirmative4 ,p4 ,int]rogatory4 4 4 -- -- 4 4 ,o4 ,repeat aft] ^w4 ,int]rogatory4 ,a 7^w74 ,repeat la/ message4 ,int]rogatory ?ree times4 ,s5d fa/]4 ,,qrq ,s5d sl[]4 ,,qrs ,cease s5d+4 ,,qrt ,wait a mom5t4 4 -- 4 4 4 ,none4 ,execute4 ,,ix1 ,,ix ,move to y\r "r4 ,,mr ,move to y\r left4 ,,ml ,move up4 ,,mu ,move d[n4 ,,md ,f9i%$ 7end ( "w74 4 4 4 -- 4 -- ,none4 ,visual ,signal+3 ,by ,flag 7,wig-,wag71 ,tor*1 ,h& ,lant]n1 or ,beam or ,se>*light 7,)\t ,%utt]74 ,,g5]al ,,s]vice ,,code4 #bc4 ,= ! flag us$ ) ! ,g5]al ,s]vice ,code !re are ?ree motions & "o position4 ,! position is ) ! flag held v]tically1 ! signalman fac+ directly t[>d ! /ation ) :i* x is desir$ to communicate4 ,! fir/ motion 7! dot7 is to ! "r ( ! s5d]1 & w embrace an arc ( #ij1 />t+ ) ! v]tical & return+ to x1 & w be made 9 a plane at "r-angles to ! l9e connect+ ! two /ations4 ,! second motion 7! da%7 is a simil> motion to ! left ( ! s5d]4 ,! ?ird motion 7front7 is d[nw>d directly 9 front ( ! s5d] & in/antly return$ upw>d to ! fir/ position4 ,front is us$ to indicate an int]val4 #bd4 ,! beam ( ! se>*light1 ?\gh ord9>ily us$ ) ! %utt] l ! heliograph1 may be us$ = long-di/ance signal+1 :5 no %utt] is suitable or available1 9 a simil> mann] to ! flag or tor*1 ! fir/ position be+ a v]tical "o4 ,a movem5t ( ! beam #ij to ! "r ( ! s5d] indicates a dot1 a simil> movem5t to ! left indicates a da%2 ! beam is l[]$ v]tically = front4 #be4 ,to use ! tor* or h& lant]n1 a footlight mu/ be employ$ z a po9t ( ref]5ce to ! motion4 ,! lant]n is mo/ conv5i5tly swung out upw>d to ! "r ( ! footlight = a dot1 to ! left = a da%1 & rais$ v]tically = front4 ,,note4--,to call a /ation1 make ! call lett] until ackn[l$g$1 at int]vals giv+ ! call or signal ( ! call+ /ation4 ,if ! call lett] ( a /ation is unkn[n1 wave flag until ackn[l$g$4 ,9 us+ ! se>*light )\t %utt] ?r[ ! beam 9 a v]tical position & move x ?r\gh an arc ( #ahj 9 a plane at "r angles to ! l9e connect+ ! two /ations until ackn[l$g$4 ,to ackn[l$ge a call1 signal ,ackn[l$gm5t foll[$ by ! call lett] ( ! ackn[l$g+ /ation4 ,signal+ ) ,heliograph1 ,fla% lant]n1 & ,se>*light 7,) ,%utt]47 ,,g5]al ,,s]vice ,,code4 #bf4 ,! fir/ position is to turn a /eady fla% on ! receiv+ /ation4 ,! signals are made by %ort & long fla%es4 ,use a %ort fla% = dot & a long /eady fla% = da%4 ,! elem5ts ( a lett] %\ld be slightly long] ?an 9 s\nd signals4 #bg4 ,to call a /ation1 make its call lett] until ackn[l$g$4 #bh4 ,if ! call lett] ( a /ation be unkn[n1 signal ,a until ackn[l$g$4 ,ea* /ation w !n turn on a /eady fla% & adju/4 ,:5 adju/m5t is satisfactory to ! call$ /ation1 x w cut (f its fla% & ! call+ /ation w proce$ ) its message4 #bi4 ,if ! receiv] sees t ! s5d]'s mirror or light ne$s adju/m5t1 he w turn on a /eady fla% until answ]$ by a /eady fla%4 ,:5 ! adju/m5t is satisfactory ! receiv] w cut (f 8 fla% & ! s5d] w resume 8 message4 #cj4 ,to break ! s5d+ /ation = o!r purposes1 turn on a /eady fla%4 ,,s\nd ,,signals4 #ef4 ,s\nd signals made by ! :i/le1 foghorn1 bugle1 trumpet1 & drum may well be us$ 9 a fog1 mi/1 fall+ sn[1 or at night4 ,!y may be us$ ) ! dot & da% code4 ,9 apply+ ! ,g5]al ,s]vice ,code to :i/le1 foghorn1 bugle1 or trumpet1 "o %ort bla/ indicates a dot & "o long bla/ a da%4 ,) ! drum1 "o tap indicates a dot & two taps 9 rapid succession a da%4 ,al?\gh ^! signals c be us$ ) a dot & da% code1 !y %\ld be s us$ 9 connection ) a preconc]t$ or conv5tional code4 ,signal+ by ,two-,arm ,semaphore4 ,,h& ,,flags4 #dc4 ,signal+ by ! two-arm semaphore is ! mo/ rapid me?od ( s5d+ spell$-out messages4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 v liable to error if ! motions are slurr$ ov] or run toge!r 9 an attempt to make spe$4 ,bo? arms %\ld move rapidly & simultane\sly1 b !re %\ld be a p]ceptible pause at ! end ( ea* lett] be=e mak+ ! movem5ts = ! next lett]4 ,rapidity is second>y to accuracy4 ,= alphabet see pages foll[+4 ,illu/ration3 ,h&-signal4 ,illu/ration3 ,h&-signal4 ,,note4--,9 mak+ ! int]val ! flags are cross$ d[nw>d 9 front ( ! body 7j above ! knees72 ! d\ble int]val is ! *op-*op signal made twice2 ! triple int]val is *op-*op signal made ?ree times4 ,9 call+ a /ation face x squ>ely & make its call4 ,if !re is no imm$iate reply wave ! flags ov] ! head to attract att5tion1 mak+ ! call at frequ5t int]vals4 ,:5 ! s5d] makes end ( message ! receiv]1 if message is und]/ood1 ext5ds ! flags horizontally & waves !m until ! s5d] does ! same1 :5 bo? leave _! /ations4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 ) h& flags to hold ! /affs s z to =m a prolongation ( ! arms4 ,,lett] ,,codes4 ,,infantry4 #dg4 ,= use ) ,g5]al ,s]vice ,code or semaphore h& flags4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,lett] ( ,if signal$ f ! ,if signal$ f ! alphabet4 re> to ! fir+ fir+ l9e to ! re>4 l9e4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,,am ,ammunition go+ =w>d4 ,ammunition requir$4 ,,ccc ,*>ge 7m&atory at all ,am ab\t to *>ge if no times74 in/ructions to ! contr>y4 ,,cf ,cease fir+4 ,cease fir+4 ,,dt ,d\ble "t or ru%4 ,d\ble "t or ru%4 ,f ,comm5ce fir+ ,,fb ,fix bayonets4 ,,fl ,artill]y fire is caus+ u losses4 ,g ,move =w>d4 ,prep>+ to move =w>d4 ,,hhh ,halt4 ,k ,negative4 ,negative4 ,,lt ,left4 ,left4 ,o ,:at is ! 7,r4 ,n41 etc478 ,:at is ! 7,r4 ,n41 etc478 7,ardois & semaphore only47 ,int]rogatory4 ,int]rogatory4 4 4 -- -- 4 4 ,:at is ! 7,r4 ,n41 etc478 ,:at is ! 7,r4 ,n44 etc478 7,all me?ods b ,int]rogatory4 ,int]rogatory4 ardois & semaphore47 ,p ,affirmative4 ,affirmative4 ,,rn ,range4 ,range4 ,,rt ,"r4 ,"r4 ,,sss ,support go+ =w>d4 ,support ne$$4 ,,suf ,susp5d fir+4 ,susp5d fir+4 ,t ,t>get4 ,t>get4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,,cavalry4 #dh4 ,= use ) ,g5]al ,s]vice ,code or semaphore h& flags4 ,,am--,ammunition go+ =w>d 7if signal$ f ! re> to ! front74 ,ammunition requir$ 7if signal$ f ! front74 ,,ccc--,*>ge 7if signal$ f ! re> to ! front74 ,ab\t to *>ge if no in/ructions to ! contr>y47if signal$ f ! front74 ,,cf--,cease fir+4 ,,dt--,d\ble "t1 ru%1 or hurry4 ,f--,comm5ce fir+4 ,,fl--,artill]y fire is caus+ u losses4 ,g--,move =w>d 7if signal$ f ! re> to ! front74 ,prep>+ to move =w>d 7if signal$ f ! front74 ,,hhh--,halt4 ,k--,negative4 ,,lt--,left4 ,m--,br+ up ! horses 7if signal$ f front to re>74 ,horses go+ =w>d 7if signal$ f re> to front74 ,o--,:at is ! 7,r4 ,n41 etc47 ,int]rogatory4 7,ardois & semaphore only47 44--44--,:at is ! 7,r1 ,n41 etc478 ,int]rogatory4 7,all me?ods b ,ardois & semaphore74 ,p--,affirmative4 ,r--,ackn[l$gm5t4 ,,rn--,range4 ,,rt--,"r4 ,,sss--,support go+ =w>d 7if signal$ f ! re> to ! front74 ,support ne$$ 7if signal$ f ! front47 ,,suf--,susp5d fir+4 ,t--,t>get4 ,,field ,,artill]y4 #di4 ,= use ) ,g5]al ,s]vice ,code or semaphore h& flags4 44444444--,error4 7,all me?ods b ,ardois & semaphore47 ,a--,error4 7,ardois & semaphore only47 ,,ad--,additional4 ,,akt--,draw ammunition f combat tra94 ,,al--,draw ammunition f limb]s4 ,,am--,ammunition go+ =w>d4 ,,amc--,at my comm&4 ,,ap--,aim+ po9t4 ,b 7num]als7--,batt]y 7s _m7 r\nds4 ,,bs 7num]als7--7,su*47 ,battalion /ation4 ,,bl--,batt]y f ! left4 ,,br--,batt]y f ! "r4 ,,ccc--,*>ge 7m&atory at all times74 ,am ab\t to *>ge if n in/ruct$ to contr>y4 ,,cf--,cease fir+4 ,,cs--,close /ation4 ,,ct--,*ange t>get4 ,d--,d[n4 ,,df--,deflection4 ,,dt--,d\ble "t4 ,ru%4 ,hurry4 ,f--,comm5ce fir+4 ,,fcl 7num]als7--,on #a/ piece close by 7s mu*74 ,,fl--,artill]y fire is caus+ u losses4 ,,fop 7num]als7--,on #a/ piece op5 by 7s mu*74 ,g--,move =w>d4 ,prep>+ to move =w>d4 ,,hhh--,halt4 ,action susp5d$4 ,,ix--,execute4 ,g ahead4 ,transmit4 ,,ji--,report fir+ data4 ,k--,negative4 ,no4 ,,kr--,corrector4 ,l--,prep>atory4 ,att5tion4 ,,lcl 7num]als7--,on #d? piece close by 7s mu*74 ,,lop 7num]als7--,on #d? piece op5 by 7s mu*74 ,,lt--,left4 ,,ll--,left f ! left4 ,,lr--,left f ! "r4 ,,le 7num]als7--,less 7s mu*74 ,,md--,move d[n4 ,,ml--,move to y\r left4 ,,mr--,move to y\r "r4 ,,mu--,move up4 ,,mo 7num]als7--,move 7s mu*74 ,n--,annul1 cancel4 ,o--,:at is ! 7,r4 ,n41 etc478 ,int]rogatory4 7,ardois & semaphore only47 4 4 -- -- 4 4 -- ,:at is ! 7,r4 ,n41 etc478 ,int]rogatory4 7,all me?ods b ,ardois & semaphore47 ,p--,affirmative4 ,yes4 ,,ps--,p]cussion4 ,%rapnel4 ,,qrq--,s5d fa/]4 ,,qrs--,s5d sl[]4 ,,qrt--,cease s5d+4 ,r--,ackn[l$gm5t4 ,receiv$4 ,,rs--,regim5tal /ation4 ,,rl--,"r f ! left4 ,,rr--,"r f ! "r4 ,,rn--,range4 ,,rt--,"r4 ,s--,subtract4 ,,scl 7num]als7--,on #b;d piece close by 7s mu*74 ,,sop 7num]als7--,on #b;d piece op5 by 7s mu*74 ,,%--,%ell4 ,,si--,site4 ,,sss--,support ne$$4 ,t--,t>get4 ,,tcl 7num]icals7--,on #c;d piece close by 7s mu*74 ,,top 7num]als7--,on #c;d piece op5 by 7s mu*74 ,u--,up4 ,y 7lett]7--,su* batt]y /ation4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,fir/-,,aid ,,rules4 ,! b&ages & dress+s conta9$ 9 ! fir/-aid packet h be5 s treat$ z to de/roy any g]ms !reon4 ,!re=e1 :5 dress+ a w\nd1 be c>eful n to t\* or h&le t "p ( ! dress+ :i* is to be appli$ to ! w\nd4 ,a sick or injur$ p]son %\ld always be made to lie d[n on 8 back1 if practicable1 z ?is is ! mo/ com=table position1 & all muscles may be relax$4 ,all tight articles ( clo?+ & equipm5t %\ld be loos5$1 s z n to int]f]e ) brea?+ or ! circulation ( ! blood4 ,belts1 coll>s1 & ! tr\s]s at ! wai/ %\ld be op5$4 ,don't let m]e onlook]s cr[d ab\t ! pati5t4 ,!y prev5t him f gett+ fre% air & also make him n]v\s & excit$4 ,9 case ( injury ! he>t action is g5]ally weak f %ock1 & ! body1 !re=e1 gr[s some:at cold4 ,s don't remove any m clo?+ ?an is necess>y to expose ! injury4 ,cut or rip ! clo?+1 b don't pull x4 ,try to di/urb ! pati5t z little z possible4 ,don't t\* a w\nd ) y\r f+]s or a h&k]*ief1 or ) any?+ else b ! fir/-aid dress+4 ,don't wa% ! w\nd ) wat]1 z y may infect x4 ,don't adm9i/] /imulants 7:isky1 br&y1 w9e1 etc47 unless ord]$ to d s by a doctor4 ,:ile 9 a few cases /imulants are ( b5efit1 9 a great _m cases !y d positive h>m1 especially :]e !re has be5 any ble$+4 ,! he>t may be consid]$ z a pump & ! art]ies z a rubb] hose1 :i* c>ry ! blood f ! he>t to e "p ( ! body4 ,! ve9s are ! hose :i* c>ry ! blood back to ! he>t4 ,e w\nd ble$s "s1 b1 unless a l>ge art]y or a l>ge ve9 is cut1 ! ble$+ w /op aft] a %ort :ile if ! pati5t is kept quiet & ! fir/-aid dress+ is b\nd ov] ! w\nd s z to make pressure on x4 ,:5 a l>ge art]y is cut ! blood gu%es out 9 spurts e "t ! he>t beats4 ,9 ?is case x is necess>y to /op ! fl[ ( blood by press+ ^u ! hose some:]e betwe5 ! he>t & ! leak4 ,if ! leak is 9 ! arm or h&1 apply pressure z 9 figure #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,if ! leak is 9 ! leg1 apply pressure z 9 figure #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,if ! leak is 9 ! %\ld] or armpit1 apply pressure z 9 figure #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,! reason = ?is is t at ! places indicat$ ! art]ies may be press$ aga9/ a bone m easily ?an at any o!r places4 ,ano!r way ( apply+ pressure 7by means ( a t\rniquet7 is %[n 9 figure #d4 ,place a pad ( tightly roll$ clo? or pap]1 or any suitable object1 ov] ! art]y4 ,tie a b&age loosely ab\t ! limb & !n ins]t y\r bayonet1 or a /ick1 & twi/ up ! b&age until ! pressure ( ! pad on ! art]y /ops ! leak4 ,twi/ ! b&age sl[ly & /op z soon z ! blood ceases to fl[1 9 ord] n to bruise ! fle% or muscles unnecess>ily4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4--;,improvis$ t\rniquet4 ,a t\rniquet may cause pa9 & swell+ ( ! limb1 & if left on too long may cause ! limb to die4 ,!re=e1 ab\t e half h\r or s loos5 ! b&age v c>efully1 b if ! ble$+ cont9ues pressure mu/ be appli$ aga94 ,9 ?is case apply ! pressure ) ! ?umb = five or t5 m9utes1 z ?is cuts (f only ! ma9 art]y & leaves "s ( ! small] art]ies & ! ve9s free to re/ore "s ( ! circulation4 ,:5 a t\rniquet is pa9ful x is too tight & %\ld be c>efully loos5$ a little4 ,if ! leg or arm is held upright1 ?is also helps to r$uce ! ble$+ 9 ^! p>ts1 because ! he>t !n has to pump ! blood uphill4 ,a brok5 bone is call$ a fracture4 ,! great dang] 9 ! case ( a fracture is t ! %>p1 jagg$ edges ( ! bones may /ick ?r\gh ! fle% & sk91 or te> & bruise ! art]ies1 ve9s1 & muscles4 ,if ! sk9 is n brok51 a fracture is n s s]i\s1 z no g]ms c get 94 ,!re=e nev] move a p]son ) a brok5 bone until ! fracture has be5 s fix$ t ! brok5 ends ( ! bone c n move4 ,if ! leg or arm is brok51 /raight5 ! limb g5tly & if necess>y pull ^u ! end firmly to get ! bones 9 place4 ,!n b9d ! limb firmly to a spl9t to hold x 9 place4 ,a spl9t may be made ( any /raight1 /iff mat]ial--a %+le or piece ( bo>d1 a bayonet1 a rifle1 a /raight bran* ( a tree1 etc4 ,:atev] mat]ial y use mu/ be well padd$ on ! side next to ! limb4 ,be c>eful nev] to place ! b&ages ov] ! fracture1 b always above & bel[4 7,figs4 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,_m surgeons ?9k t ! me?od ( b9d+ a brok5 leg to ! well "o1 & ( b9d+ ! arm to ! body1 is ! be/ plan 9 ! field z be+ ! quicke/ & "o t s]ves ! imm$iate purpose4 ,) w\nds ab\t ! body1 ! *e/1 & abdom5 y mu/ n m$dle except to protect !m :5 possible1 )\t mu* h&l+1 ) ! mat]ials ( ! packet4 ,,fa9t+1 ,,%ock1 ,,heat ,,exhau/ion4 ,! symptoms ( fa9t+1 %ock1 & heat exhau/ion are v simil>4 ,! face is pale1 ! sk9 cool & moi/1 ! pulse is weak1 & g5]ally ! pati5t is unconsci\s4 ,keep ! pati5t quiet1 re/+ on 8 back1 ) 8 head l[4 ,loos5 ! clo?+1 b keep ! pati5t w>m1 & give /imulants 7:isky1 hot c(fee1 tea1 etc474 ,,sun/roke4 ,9 ! case ( sun/roke ! face is flu%$1 ! sk9 is dry & v hot1 & ! pulse is full & /rong4 ,9 ?is case place ! pati5t 9 a cool spot1 remove ! clo?+1 & make e ef=t to less5 ! heat 9 ! body by cold applications to ! head & surface g5]ally4 ,d n1 "u any circum/ances1 give any /imulants or hot dr9ks4 ,,freez+ ,,& ,,fro/bite4 ,! "p froz51 :i* looks :ite or blui% :ite1 & is cold1 %\ld be v sl[ly rais$ 9 temp]ature by brisk b c>eful rubb+ 9 a cool place1 & nev] ne> a fire4 ,/imulants are to be giv5 cauti\sly :5 ! pati5t c swall[1 & foll[$ by small am\nts ( w>m liquid n\ri%m5t4 ,! object is to re/ore ! circulation ( ! blood & ! natural w>m? gradually & n viol5tly4 ,c>e & pati5ce are necess>y to d ?is4 ,,resuscitation ,,( ,,! ,,app>5tly ,,dr[n$4 ,9 ! in/ruction ( ! ,army 9 ,fir/ ,aid ! me?od ( resuscitation ( ! app>5tly dr[n$1 z describ$ by ,s*aef]1 w be taught in/ead ( ! ,sylve/] ,me?od1 h]et(ore us$4 ,! ,s*aef] me?od ( artificial respiration is also applicable 9 cases ( electric %ock1 asphyxiation by gas1 & ( ! failure ( respiration foll[+ concussion ( ! bra94 ,be+ "u wat] = f\r or five m9utes is g5]ally fatal1 b an ef=t to revive ! app>5tly dr[n$ %\ld always be made1 unless x is kn[n t ! body has be5 "u wat] = a v long "t4 ,! attempt to revive ! pati5t %\ld n be delay$ = ! purpose ( remov+ 8 clo!s or plac+ him 9 ! ambulance4 ,beg9 ! proc$ure z soon z he is out ( ! wat]1 on ! %ore or 9 ! boat4 ,! fir/ & mo/ important ?+ is to />t artificial respiration )\t delay4 ,! ,s*aef] me?od is pref]r$ because x c be c>ri$ out by "o p]son )\t assi/ance1 & because its proc$ure is n exhau/+ to ! op]ator1 ?us p]mitt+ him1 if requir$1 to cont9ue x = "o or two h\rs4 ,:5 x is kn[n t a p]son has be5 "u wat] = b a few m9utes cont9ue ! artificial respiration = at lea/ "o & a half to two h\rs be=e consid]+ ! case hopeless4 ,once ! pati5t has begun to brea! wat* c>efully to see t he does n /op aga94 ,%\ld ! brea?+ be v fa9t1 or %\ld he /op brea?+1 assi/ him aga9 ) artificial respiration4 ,aft] he />ts brea?+ d n lift him nor p]mit him to /& until ! brea?+ has become full & regul>4 ,,s*aef] ,,me?od4 ,z soon z ! pati5t is remov$ f ! wat]1 turn him face to ! gr\nd1 clasp y\r h&s "u 8 wai/1 & raise ! body s any wat] may dra9 out ( ! air passages :ile ! head rema9s l[4 7,figure #i47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4--,s*aef] me?od ( artificial respiration4 ,inspiration4 ,! pati5t is laid on 8 /oma*1 arms ext5d$ f 8 body beyond 8 head1 face turn$ to "o side s t ! m\? & nose d n t\* ! gr\nd4 ,?is position causes ! tongue to fall =w>d ( its own weight & s prev5ts its fall+ back into ! air passages4 ,turn+ ! head to "o side prev5ts ! face com+ into contact ) mud or wat] dur+ ! op]ation4 ,?is position also facilitates ! removal f ! m\? ( =eign bodies1 su* z tobacco1 *ew+ gum1 false tee?1 etc41 & favors ! expulsion ( mucus1 blood1 vomitus1 s]um1 or any liquid t may be 9 ! air passages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj--,s*aef] me?od ( artificial respiration4 ,expiration4 ,! op]ator kneels1 /raddles "o or bo? ( ! pati5t's ?ighs1 & faces 8 head4 ,locat+ ! l[e/ rib1 ! op]ator1 ) 8 ?umbs ne>ly p>allel to 8 f+]s1 places 8 h&s s t ! little f+] curls ov] ! twelf? rib4 ,if ! h&s are on ! pelvic bones1 ! object ( ! "w is defeat$2 h5ce ! bones ( ! pelvis are fir/ locat$ 9 ord] to avoid !m4 ,! h&s mu/ be free f ! pelvis & re/+ on ! l[e/ rib4 ,by op]at+ on ! b>e back x is easi] to locate ! l[] ribs & avoid ! pelvis4 ,! ne>] ! ends ( ! ribs ! h&s are plac$ )\t slid+ (f ! bett]4 ,! h&s are ?us remov$ f ! sp9e1 ! f+]s be+ ne>ly out ( sight4 ,! f+]s help "s1 b ! *ief pressure is ex]t$ by ! heels 7!n> & hypo!n> em95ces7 ( ! h&s1 ) ! weight com+ /raight f ! %\ld]s4 ,x is a wa/e ( en]gy to b5d ! arms at ! elb[s & %ove 9 f ! sides1 because ! muscles ( ! back are /rong] ?an ! muscles ( ! arms4 ,! op]ator's arms are held /raight1 & 8 weight is br\ght f 8 %\ld]s by br++ 8 body & %\ld]s =w>d4 ,?is weight is gradually increas$ until at ! end ( ! ?ree seconds ( v]tical pressure ^u ! l[] ribs ( ! pati5t ! =ce is felt to be heavy en\gh to compress ! p>ts2 !n ! weight is sudd5ly remov$4 ,if !re is dang] ( n return+ ! h&s to ! "r position aga91 !y c rema9 lightly 9 place2 b x is usually bett] to remove ! h&s entirely4 ,if ! op]ator is light & ! pati5t an ov]weight adult1 he c utilize ov] #hj p] c5t ( 8 weight by rais+ 8 knees f ! gr\nd & support+ himself entirely on 8 toes & ! heels ( 8 h&s1 ! latt] prop]ly plac$ on ! ends ( ! float+ ribs ( ! pati5t4 ,9 ?is mann] he c "w z effectively z a heavy man4 ,a light fea!r or a piece ( absorb5t cotton drawn out ?9 & held ne> ! nose by "s "o w indicate by its movem5ts :e!r or n !re is a curr5t ( air go+ & com+ ) ea* =c$ expiration & spontane\s inspiration4 ,! natural rate ( brea?+ is #ab to #ae times p] m9ute4 ,! rate ( op]ation %\ld n exce$ ?is4 ,! lungs mu/ be ?or\ghly empti$ by ?ree seconds ( pressure1 !n refill+ takes c>e ( itself4 ,pressure & release ( pressure--"o complete respiration--occupies ab\t five seconds4 ,if ! op]ator is alone1 he c be guid$ 9 ea* act by 8 own deep1 regul> respiration or by c\nt+ or by 8 wat* ly+ by 8 side4 ,if comrades are pres5t1 he c be advis$ by !m4 ,! duration ( ! ef=ts z artificial respiration %\ld ord9>ily exce$ an h\r2 indef9itely long] if !re are any evid5ces ( return+ animation1 by way ( brea?+1 speak+1 or movem5ts4 ,!re are liable to be evid5ces ( life )9 #be m9utes 9 pati5ts :o w recov] f electric %ock1 b :]e !re is d\bt ! pati5t %\ld be giv5 ! b5efit ( ! d\bt4 ,9 dr[n+1 especially1 recov]ies are on record aft] two h\rs or m ( unconsci\sness2 h5ce1 ! ,s*aef] me?od1 be+ easy ( op]ation1 is m likely to be p]si/$ 94 ,aromatic spirits ( ammonia may be p\r$ on a h&k]*ief & held cont9u\sly )9 #c in*es ( ! face & nose4 ,if o!r ammonia prep>ations are us$1 !y %\ld be dilut$ or held f>!r away4 ,try x on y\r own nose fir/4 ,:5 ! op]ator is a heavy man x is necess>y to caution him n to br+ =ce too viol5tly ^u ! ribs1 z "o ( !m might be brok54 ,d n attempt to give liquids ( any k9d to ! pati5t :ile unconsci\s4 ,apply w>m blankets & hot-wat] bottles z soon z !y c be obta9$4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,laws ,,& ,,regulations4 ,section #a4 ,g5]al provisions4 ,! ,army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is gov]n$ by c]ta9 laws call$ ,! ,articles ( ,w> & c]ta9 regulations call$ ,army ,regulations4 ,! foll[+ li/ includes ! (f5ses mo/ (t5 committ$ by soldi]s1 g5]ally ?r\gh ignorance or c>elessness r ?an vici\sness4 ,violations ( any rule or regulation %\ld be c>efully gu>d$ aga9/1 s9ce !y n only subject ! (f5d] to puni%m5t1 b also br+ discr$it on 8 comrades1 8 organization1 & on ! milit>y pr(ession3 #a4 ,sell+1 pawn+1 or1 ?r\gh neglect1 los+ or spoil+ any ,gov]nm5t prop]ty1 su* z uni=ms1 blankets1 equipm5t1 ammunition1 etc4 #b4 ,disob$i5ce ( ! ord]s ( any (fic] or noncommission$ (fic]4 #c4 ,disrespect to an (fic] or noncommission$ (fic]4 #d4 ,abs5ce f camp )\t leave4 #e4 ,abs5ce f any drill1 =mation1 or o!r duty )\t au?ority4 #f4 ,drunk5ness on duty or (f duty1 :e!r 9 camp or :5 abs5t ei!r ) or )\t leave4 #g4 ,br++ liquor into camp4 #h4 ,noisy or disord]ly conduct 9 camp or :5 abs5t ei!r ) or )\t leave4 #i4 ,ent]+ on private prop]ty1 g5]ally = ! purpose ( /eal+ fruit1 etc4 #aj4 ,neglig5ce or c>elessness at drill or on o!r duty1 p>ticul>ly :ile on gu>d or z a s5t9el ov] prison]s4 #aa4 ,we>+ an unau?oriz$ uni=m or we>+ ! uni=m 9 an improp] mann]4 #ab4 ,ur9at+ 9 or ar\nd camp4 #ac4 ,fail+ to salute prop]ly4 #ad4 ,disrespect or affront to a s5t9el4 #ae4 ,abuse or neglect ( 8 horse4 ,! basic pr9ciples ( ! combat tactics ( ! diff]5t arms are set =? 9 ! ,drill ,regulations ( ^? arms = units z high z brigades4 7,preface1 ,field ,s]vice ,regulations47 ,! ,drill ,regulations are furni%$ z a guide4 ,!y provide ! pr9ciples = tra9+ & = increas+ ! probability ( success 9 battle4 ,9 ! int]pretation ( ! regulations ! _s mu/ be s\ght4 ,quibbl+ ov] ! m9uti ( =m is indicative ( failure to grasp ! _s4 7,p>agraph #d1 ,infantry ,drill ,regulations47 ,field ,s]vice ,regulations gov]n all arms ( ! ,army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,section #b4 ,! ,army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all consi/ ( ! ,regul> ,army1 ! ,volunte] ,army1 ! ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps1 ! ,enli/$ ,res]ve ,corps1 ! ,national ,gu>d :ile 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & su* o!r l& =ces z are n[ or may h]eaft] be au?oriz$ by law4 7,sec4 #a1 act ( ,june #c1 #aiaf47 ,section #c4 ,rank & prec$5ce ( (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s4 ,! foll[+ are ! grades ( rank ( (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s3 #a4 ,lieut5ant g5]al4 #b4 ,major g5]al4 #c4 ,brigadi] g5]al4 #d4 ,colonel4 #e4 ,lieut5ant colonel4 #f4 ,major4 #g4 ,capta94 #h4 ,fir/ ,lieut5ant4 #i4 ,second lieut5ant4 #aj4 ,aviator1 ,signal ,corps4 #aa4 ,cadet4 #ab4 7a7 ,s]geant major1 regim5tal2 s]geant major1 s5ior grade1 ,coa/ ,artill]y ,corps2 7b7 qu>t]ma/] s]geant1 s5ior grade1 ,qu>t]ma/] ,corps2 ma/] hospital s]geant1 ,m$ical ,dep>tm5t2 ma/] eng9e]1 s5ior grade1 ,corps ( ,eng9e]s2 ma/] electrician1 ,coa/ ,artill]y ,corps2 ma/] signal electrician2 b& lead]2 7c7 hospital s]geant1 ,m$ical ,dep>tm5t2 ma/] eng9e]1 junior grade1 ,corps ( ,eng9e]s2 eng9e]1 ,coa/ ,artill]y ,corps4 #ac4 ,ordnance s]geant2 qu>t]ma/] s]geant1 ,qu>t]ma/] ,corps2 supply s]geant1 regim5tal4 #ad4 ,s]geant major1 squadron & battalion2 s]geant major1 junior grade1 ,coa/ ,artill]y ,corps2 supply s]geant1 battalion1 ,corps ( ,eng9e]s4 #ae4 7a7 ,fir/ s]geant2 7b7 s]geant1 fir/ class1 ,m$ical ,dep>tm5t2 s]geant1 fir/ class1 ,qu>t]ma/] ,corps2 s]geant1 fir/ class1 ,corps ( ,eng9e]s2 s]geant1 fir/ class1 ,signal ,corps2 electrician s]geant1 fir/ class1 ,coa/ ,artill]y ,corps2 electrician s]geant1 ,artill]y ,deta*m5t1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,milit>y ,academy2 assi/ant eng9e]1 ,coa/ ,artill]y ,corps2 7c7 ma/] gunn]1 ,coa/ ,artill]y ,corps2 ma/] gunn]1 ,artill]y ,deta*m5t1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,milit>y ,academy2 b& s]geant & assi/ant lead]1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,milit>y ,academy b&2 assi/ant b& lead]2 s]geant bugl]2 electrician s]geant1 second class1 ,coa/ ,artill]y ,corps2 electrician s]geant1 second class1 ,artill]y ,deta*m5t1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,milit>y ,academy2 radio s]geant4 #af4 ,color s]geant4 #ag4 ,s]geant2 supply s]geant1 company2 mess s]geant2 /able s]geant2 fireman1 ,coa/ ,artill]y ,corps4 #ah4 ,corporal4 ,9 ea* grade & subgrade date ( commission1 appo9tm5t1 or w>rant det]m9es ! ord] ( prec$5ce4 7,p>agraph #i1 ,army ,regulations1 #aiac47 ,section #d4 ,insignia ( (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s4 ,! insignia ( rank appe>+ on ! %\ld] /raps1 %\ld] loops1 or coll> ( %irt 7:5 %irt is worn )\t coat7 ( (fic]s are z foll[s3 ,g5]al3 ,coat ( arms & two />s4 ,lieut5ant g5]al3 ,"o l>ge /> & two small] ones4 ,major g5]al3 ,two silv] />s4 ,brigadi] g5]al3 ,"o silv] />4 ,colonel3 ,"o silv] spread eagle4 ,lieut5ant colonel3 ,"o silv] leaf4 ,major3 ,"o gold leaf4 ,capta93 ,two silv] b>s4 ,fir/ lieut5ant3 ,"o silv] b>4 ,! grade ( noncommission$ (fic]s is indicat$ by *evrons worn on ! sleeve4 ,section #e4 ,extracts f ! ,articles ( ,w>4 7,relat+ to enli/$ m547 ,,c]ta9 ,,articles ,,to ,,be ,,read ,,& ,,expla9$4 ,,art4 #aaj4 ,articles #a1 #b1 & #bi1 #ed to #if1 inclusive1 & #ajd to #aji1 inclusive1 %all be read & expla9$ to e soldi] at ! "t ( 8 enli/m5t or mu/] 91 or )9 six days !reaft]1 & %all be read & expla9$ once e six mon?s to ! soldi]s ( e g>rison1 regim5t1 or company 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,def9itions4 ,,article #a4 ,! foll[+ words :5 us$ 9 ^! articles %all be con/ru$ 9 ! s5se indicat$ 9 ?is article1 unless ! context %[s t a diff]5t s5se is int5d$1 namely3 7a7 ,! ^w (fic] %all be con/ru$ to ref] to a commission$ (fic]2 7b7 ,! ^w soldi] %all be con/ru$ z includ+ a noncommission$ (fic]1 a private1 or any o!r enli/$ man2 7c7 ,! ^w company %all be und]/ood z includ+ a troop or batt]y2 & 7d7 ,! ^w battalion %all be und]/ood z includ+ a squadron4 ,,p]sons ,,subject ,,to ,,milit>y ,,law4 ,,art4 #b4 ,! foll[+ p]sons are subject to ^! articles & %all be und]/ood z includ$ 9 ! t]m any p]son subject to milit>y law or p]sons subject to milit>y law :5ev] us$ 9 ^! articles3 ,provid$1 ,t no?+ conta9$ 9 ?is act1 except z specifically provid$ 9 article #b1 subp>agraph 7c71 %all be con/ru$ to apply to any p]son "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates naval jurisdiction1 unless o!rwise specifically provid$ by law2 7a7 ,all (fic]s & soldi]s belong+ to ! ,regul> ,army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 all volunte]s1 f ! dates ( _! mu/] or acceptance into ! milit>y s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & all o!r p]sons lawfully call$1 draft$1 or ord]$ into or to duty or = tra9+ 9 ! said s]vice1 f ! dates !y are requir$ by ! t]ms ( ! call1 draft1 or ord] to obey ! same4 7b7 ,cadets4 7c7 ,(fic]s & soldi]s ( ! ,m>9e ,corps :5 deta*$ = s]vice ) ! armies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ord] ( ! ,presid5t3 ,provid$1 ,t an (fic] or soldi] ( ! ,m>9e ,corps :5 s deta*$ may be tri$ by milit>y c\rt-m>tial = an (f5se committ$ aga9/ ! laws = ! gov]nm5t ( ! naval s]vice prior to 8 deta*m5t1 & = an (f5se committ$ aga9/ ^! articles he may be tri$ by a naval c\rt-m>tial aft] su* deta*m5t ceases4 7d7 ,all reta9]s to ! camp & all p]sons accompany+ or s]v+ ) ! armies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates )\t ! t]ritorial jurisdiction ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & 9 times ( w> all su* reta9]s & p]sons accompany+ or s]v+ ) ! armies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! field1 bo? )9 & )\t ! t]ritorial jurisdiction ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ?\gh n o!rwise subject to ^! articles4 7e7 ,all p]sons "u s5t5ce adjudg$ by c\rts-m>tial4 7f7 ,all p]sons admitt$ into ! ,regul> ,army ,soldi]s' ,home at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,enli/m5t ,,)\t ,,dis*>ge4 ,,art4 #bi4 ,any soldi] :o1 )\t hav+ fir/ receiv$ a regul> dis*>ge1 aga9 enli/s 9 ! ,army1 or 9 ! militia :5 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or 9 ! ,navy or ,m>9e ,corps ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or 9 any =eign army1 %all be deem$ to h des]t$ ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 &1 :]e enli/m5t is 9 "o ( ! =ces ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates m5tion$ above1 to h fraudul5tly enli/$ !re94 ,,fraudul5t ,,enli/m5t4 ,,art4 #ed4 ,any p]son :o %all procure himself to be enli/$ 9 ! milit>y s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by means ( willful misrepres5tation or concealm5t z to 8 qualifications = enli/m5t1 & %all receive pay or all[ances "u su* enli/m5t1 %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,(fic] ,,mak+ ,,unlawful ,,enli/m5t4 ,,art4 #ee4 ,any (fic] :o kn[+ly enli/s or mu/]s into ! milit>y s]vice any p]son ^: enli/m5t or mu/] 9 is prohibit$ by law1 regulations1 or ord]s %all be dismiss$ f ! s]vice or suff] su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,mu/] ,,rolls--,,false ,,mu/]4 ,,art4 #ef4 ,at e mu/] ( a regim5t1 troop1 batt]y1 or company ! comm&+ (fic] !re( %all give to ! mu/]+ (fic] c]tificates1 sign$ by himself1 /at+ h[ long abs5t (fic]s h be5 abs5t & ! reasons ( _! abs5ce4 ,& ! comm&+ (fic] ( e troop1 batt]y1 or company %all give l c]tificates1 /at+ h[ long abs5t noncommission$ (fic]s & private soldi]s h be5 abs5t & ! reasons ( _! abs5ce4 ,su* reasons & "t ( abs5ce %all be ins]t$ 9 ! mu/] rolls opposite ! names ( ! respective abs5t (fic]s & soldi]s1 & ! c]tificates1 toge!r ) ! mu/] rolls1 %all be transmitt$ by ! mu/]+ (fic] to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,w> z spe$ily z ! di/ance ( ! place & mu/] w admit4 ,any (fic] :o kn[+ly makes a false mu/] ( man or animal1 or :o signs or directs or all[s ! sign+ ( any mu/] roll kn[+ ! same to conta9 false mu/] or false /atem5t z to ! abs5ce or pay ( an (fic] or soldi]1 or :o wrongfully takes money or o!r consid]ation on mu/]+ 9 a regim5t1 company1 or o!r organization1 or on sign+ mu/] rolls1 or :o kn[+ly mu/]s z an (fic] or soldi] a p]son :o is n su* (fic] or soldi]1 %all be dismiss$ f ! s]vice & suff] su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,false ,,returns--,,omission ,,to ,,r5d] ,,returns4 ,,art4 #eg4 ,e (fic] comm&+ a regim5t1 an indep5d5t troop1 batt]y1 or company1 or a g>rison %all1 9 ! beg9n+ ( e mon?1 transmit1 ?r\gh ! prop] *annels1 to ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t an exact return ( ! same1 specify+ ! names ( ! (fic]s !n abs5t f _! po/s1 ) ! reasons = & ! "t ( _! abs5ce4 ,e (fic] ^: duty x is to r5d] to ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t or o!r sup]ior au?ority a return ( ! /ate ( ! troops "u 8 comm&1 or ( ! arms1 ammunition1 clo?+1 funds1 or o!r prop]ty !reunto belong+1 :o kn[+ly makes a false return !re( %all be dismiss$ f ! s]vice & suff] su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,& any (fic] :o1 ?r\gh neglect or design1 omits to r5d] su* return %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,des]tion4 ,,art4 #eh4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o des]ts or attempts to des]t ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all1 if ! (f5se be committ$ 9 "t ( w>1 suff] dea? or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct1 &1 if ! (f5se be committ$ at any o!r "t1 any puni%m5t1 except+ dea?1 t1 a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,advis+ ,,or ,,aid+ ,,ano!r ,,to ,,des]t4 ,,art4 #ei4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o advises or p]suades or kn[+ly assi/s ano!r to des]t ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all1 if ! (f5se be committ$ 9 "t ( w>1 suff] dea?1 or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct1 & if ! (f5se be committ$ at any o!r "t any puni%m5t1 except+ dea?1 t a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,ent]ta9+ ,a ,,des]t]4 ,,art4 #fj4 ,any (fic] :o1 aft] hav+ discov]$ t a soldi] 9 8 comm& is a des]t] f ! milit>y or naval s]vice or f ! ,m>9e ,corps1 reta9s su* des]t] 9 8 comm& )\t in=m+ sup]ior au?ority or ! comm&] ( ! organization to :i* ! des]t] belongs1 %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,abs5ce ,,)\t ,,leave4 ,,art4 #fa4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o fails to repair at ! fix$ "t to ! prop]ly appo9t$ place ( duty1 or goes f ! same )\t prop] leave1 or abs5ts himself f 8 comm&1 gu>d1 qu>t]s1 /ation1 or camp )\t prop] leave1 %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,disrespect ,,t[>d ,,! ,,presid5t1 ,,vice ,,presid5t1 ,,congress1 ,,secret>y ,,( ,,w>1 ,,gov]nors1 ,,legislatures4 ,,art4 #fb4 ,any (fic] :o uses contemptu\s or disrespectful words aga9/ ! ,presid5t1 ,vice ,presid5t1 ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,secret>y ( ,w>1 or ! gov]nor or legislature ( any ,/ate1 ,t]ritory1 or o!r possession ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 :i* he is qu>t]$ %all be dismiss$ f ! s]vice or suff] su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,any o!r p]son subject to milit>y law :o s (f5ds %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,disrespect ,,t[>d ,,sup]ior ,,(fic]s4 ,,art4 #fc4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o behaves himself ) disrespect t[>d 8 sup]ior (fic] %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,assault+ ,,or ,,willfully ,,disobey+ ,,sup]ior ,,(fic]4 ,,art4 #fd4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o1 on any pret5se :atsoev]1 /rikes 8 sup]ior (fic]1 or draws or lifts up any weapon or (f]s any viol5ce aga9/ him1 be+ 9 ! execution ( 8 (fice1 or willfully disobeys any lawful comm& ( 8 sup]ior (fic]1 %all suff] dea? or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,insubord9ate ,,conduct ,,t[>d ,,noncommission$ ,,(fic]4 ,,art4 #fe4 ,any soldi] :o /rikes or assaults1 or :o attempts or ?reat5s to /rike or assault1 or willfully disobeys ! lawful ord] ( a noncommission$ (fic] :ile 9 ! execution ( 8 (fice1 or uses ?reat5+ or insult+ language1 or behaves 9 an insubord9ate or disrespectful mann] t[>d a noncommission$ (fic] :ile 9 ! execution ( 8 (fice1 %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,mut9y ,,or ,,s$ition4 ,,art4 #ff4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o attempts1 to create or :o beg9s1 excites1 causes1 or jo9s 9 any mut9y or s$ition 9 any company1 p>ty1 po/1 camp1 deta*m5t1 gu>d1 or o!r comm& %all suff] dea? or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,failure ,,to ,,suppress ,,mut9y ,,or ,,s$ition4 ,,art4 #fg4 ,any (fic] or soldi] :o1 be+ pres5t at any mut9y or s$ition1 does n use 8 utmo/ endeavor to suppress ! same1 or kn[+ or hav+ reason to believe t a mut9y or s$ition is to take place1 does n )\t delay give in=mation !re( to 8 comm&+ (fic] %all suff] dea? or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,qu>rels1 ,,frays1 ,,disord]s4 ,,art4 #fh4 ,all (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s h p[] to "p & quell all qu>rels1 frays1 & disord]s among p]sons subject to milit>y law & to ord] (fic]s :o take "p ,9 ! same into arre/1 & o!r p]sons subject to milit>y law :o take "p 9 ! same into arre/ or conf9em5t1 z circum/ances may require1 until _! prop] sup]ior (fic] is acqua9t$ !re)4 ,& :osoev]1 be+ s ord]$1 refuses to obey su* (fic] or noncommission$ (fic] or draws a weapon ^u or o!rwise ?reat5s or does viol5ce to him %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,arre/ ,,or ,,conf9em5t ,,( ,,accus$ ,,p]sons4 ,,art4 #fi4 ,an (fic] *>g$ ) crime or ) a s]i\s (f5se "u ^! articles %all be plac$ 9 arre/ by ! comm&+ (fic]1 & 9 exceptional cases an (fic] s *>g$ may be plac$ 9 conf9em5t by ! same au?ority4 ,a soldi] *>g$ ) crime or ) a s]i\s (f5se "u ^! articles %all be plac$ 9 conf9em5t1 & :5 *>g$ ) a m9or (f5se he may be plac$ 9 arre/4 ,any o!r p]son subject to milit>y law *>g$ ) crime or ) a s]i\s (f5se "u ^! articles %all be plac$ 9 conf9em5t or 9 arre/1 z circum/ances may require2 & :5 *>g$ ) a m9or (f5se su* p]son may be plac$ 9 arre/4 ,any p]son plac$ 9 arre/ "u ! provisions ( ?is article %all !reby be re/rict$ to 8 b>racks1 qu>t]s1 or t5t1 unless su* limits %all be enl>g$ by prop] au?ority4 ,any (fic] :o breaks 8 arre/ or :o escapes f conf9em5t be=e he is set at lib]ty by prop] au?ority %all be dismiss$ f ! s]vice or suff] su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct2 & any o!r p]son subject to milit>y law :o escapes f conf9em5t or :o breaks 8 arre/ be=e he is set at lib]ty by prop] au?ority %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,inve/igation ,,( ,,& ,,action ,,^u ,,*>ges4 ,,art #gj4 ,no p]son put 9 arre/ %all be cont9u$ 9 conf9em5t m ?an eight days1 or until su* "t z a c\rt-m>tial c be assembl$4 ,:5 any p]son is put 9 arre/ = ! purpose ( trial1 except at remote milit>y po/s or /ations1 ! (fic] by ^: ord] he is arre/$ %all see t a copy ( ! *>ges on :i* he is to be tri$ is s]v$ ^u him )9 eight days aft] 8 arre/1 & t he is br\ght to trial )9 #aj days !reaft]1 unless ! necessities ( ! s]vice prev5t su* trial2 & !n he %all be br\ght to trial )9 #cj days aft] ! expiration ( said #aj days4 ,if a copy ( ! *>ges be n s]v$1 or ! arre/$ p]son be n br\ght to trial1 z h]e9 requir$1 ! arre/ %all cease4 ,b p]sons releas$ f arre/1 "u ! provisions ( ?is article1 may be tri$1 :5ev] ! exig5cies ( ! s]vice %all p]mit1 )9 #ab mon?s aft] su* release f arre/3 ,provid$1 ,t 9 "t ( peace no p]son %all1 aga9/ 8 objection1 be br\ght to trial be=e a g5]al c\rt-m>tial )9 a p]iod ( five days subsequ5t to ! s]vice ( *>ges ^u him4 ,,refusal ,,to ,,receive ,,& ,,keep ,,prison]s4 ,,art4 #ga4 ,no provo/ m>%al or comm&] ( a gu>d %all refuse to receive or keep any prison] committ$ to 8 *>ge by an (fic] belong+ to ! =ces ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 provid$ ! (fic] committ+ %all1 at ! "t1 deliv] an acc\nt 9 writ+1 sign$ by himself1 ( ! crime or (f5se *>g$ aga9/ ! prison]4 ,any (fic] or soldi] s refus+ %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,report ,,( ,,prison]s ,,receiv$4 ,,art4 #gb4 ,e comm&] ( a gu>d to ^: *>ge a prison] is committ$ %all1 )9 #bd h\rs aft] su* conf9em5t1 or z soon z he is reliev$ f 8 gu>d1 report 9 writ+ to ! comm&+ (fic] ! "n ( su* prison]1 ! (f5se *>g$ aga9/ him1 & ! "n ( ! (fic] committ+ him2 & if he fails to make su* report he %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,releas+ ,,prison] ,,)\t ,,prop] ,,au?ority4 ,,art4 #gc4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o1 )\t prop] au?ority1 releases any prison] duly committ$ to 8 *>ge1 or :o1 ?r\gh neglect or design1 suff]s any prison] s committ$ to escape1 %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,deliv]y ,,( ,,(f5d]s ,,to ,,civil ,,au?orities4 ,,art4 #gd4 ,:5 any p]son subject to milit>y law1 except "o :o is held by ! milit>y au?orities to answ]1 or :o is await+ trial or result ( trial1 or :o is und]go+ s5t5ce = a crime or (f5se puni%able "u ^! articles1 is accus$ ( a crime or (f5se committ$ )9 ! geographical limits ( ! ,/ates ( ! ,union & ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & puni%able by ! laws ( ! l&1 ! comm&+ (fic] is requir$1 except 9 "t ( w>1 ^u application duly made1 to use 8 utmo/ endeavor to deliv] ov] su* accus$ p]son to ! civil au?orities1 or to aid ! (fic]s ( ju/ice 9 appreh5d+ & secur+ him1 9 ord] t he may be br\ght to trial4 ,any comm&+ (fic] :o ^u su* application refuses or willfully neglects1 except 9 "t ( w>1 to deliv] ov] su* accus$ p]son to ! civil au?orities or to aid ! (fic]s ( ju/ice 9 appreh5d+ & secur+ him %all be dismiss$ f ! s]vice or suff] su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,:5 "u ! provisions ( ?is article deliv]y is made to ! civil au?orities ( an (f5d] und]go+ s5t5ce ( a c\rt-m>tial1 su* deliv]y1 if foll[$ by conviction1 %all be held to int]rupt ! execution ( ! s5t5ce ( ! c\rt-m>tial1 & ! (f5d] %all be return$ to milit>y cu/ody1 aft] hav+ answ]$ to ! civil au?orities = 8 (f5se1 = ! completion ( ! said c\rt-m>tial s5t5ce4 ,,misbehavior ,,be=e ,,! ,,enemy4 ,,art4 #ge4 ,any (fic] or soldi] :o misbehaves himself be=e ! enemy1 runs away1 or %amefully ab&ons or deliv]s up any =t1 po/1 camp1 gu>d1 or o!r comm& :i* x is 8 duty to def5d1 or speaks words induc+ o!rs to d ! l1 or ca/s away 8 arms or ammunition1 or quits 8 po/ or colors to plund] or pillage1 or by any means :atsoev] occasions false al>ms 9 camp1 g>rison1 or qu>t]s1 %all suff] dea? or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,subord9ates ,,compell+ ,,comm&] ,,to ,,surr5d]4 ,,art4 #gf4 ,if any comm&] ( any g>rison1 =t1 po/1 camp1 gu>d1 or o!r comm& is compell$ by ! (fic]s or soldi]s "u 8 comm& to give x up to ! enemy or to ab&on x1 ! (fic]s or soldi]s s (f5d+ %all suff] dea? or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,improp] ,,use ,,( ,,c\nt]sign4 ,,art4 #gg4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o makes kn[n ! p>ole or c\nt]sign to any p]son n entitl$ to receive x accord+ to ! rules & discipl9e ( w>1 or gives a p>ole or c\nt]sign diff]5t f t :i* he receives1 %all1 if ! (f5se be committ$ 9 "t ( w>1 suff] dea? or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,=c+ ,a ,,safegu>d4 ,,art4 #gh4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o1 9 "t ( w>1 =ces a safegu>d %all suff] dea? or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,captur$ ,,prop]ty ,,to ,,be ,,secur$ ,,= ,,public ,,s]vice4 ,,art4 #gi4 ,all public prop]ty tak5 f ! enemy is ! prop]ty ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & %all be secur$ = ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & any p]son subject to milit>y law :o neglects to secure su* prop]ty or is guilty ( wrongful appropriation !re( %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,deal+ ,,9 ,,captur$ ,,or ,,ab&on$ ,,prop]ty4 ,,art4 #hj4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o buys1 sells1 trades1 or 9 any way deals 9 or disposes ( captur$ or ab&on$ prop]ty1 :]eby he %all receive or expect any pr(it1 b5efit1 or advantage to himself or to any o!r p]son directly or indirectly connect$ ) himself1 or :o fails :5ev] su* prop]ty comes into 8 possession or cu/ody or )9 8 control to give notice !re( to ! prop] au?ority & to turn ov] su* prop]ty to ! prop] au?ority )\t delay1 %all1 on conviction !re(1 be puni%$ by f9e or imprisonm5t1 or by su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial1 milit>y commission1 or o!r milit>y tribunal may adjudge1 or by any or all ( said p5alties4 ,,reliev+1 ,,correspond+ ,,)1 ,,or ,,aid+ ,,! ,,enemy4 ,,art4 #ha4 ,:osoev] relieves ! enemy ) arms1 ammunition1 supplies1 money1 or o!r ?+1 or kn[+ly h>bors or protects or holds correspond5ce ) or gives intellig5ce to ! enemy1 ei!r directly or indirectly1 %all suff] dea?1 or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial or milit>y commission may direct4 ,,spies4 ,,art4 #hb4 ,any p]son :o 9 "t ( w> %all be f\nd lurk+ or act+ z a spy 9 or ab\t any ( ! =tifications1 po/s1 qu>t]s1 or encampm5ts ( any ( ! armies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or else:]e1 %all be tri$ by a g5]al c\rt-m>tial or by a milit>y commission1 & %all1 on conviction !re(1 suff] dea?4 ,,milit>y ,,prop]ty--,,willful ,,or ,,neglig5t ,,loss1 ,,damage1 ,,or ,,wrongful ,,disposition ,,(4 ,,art4 #hc4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o willfully or ?r\gh neglect suff]s to be lo/1 spoil$1 damag$1 or wrongfully dispos$ ( any milit>y prop]ty belong+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all make good ! loss or damage & suff] su* puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,wa/e ,,or ,,unlawful ,,disposition ,,( ,,milit>y ,,prop]ty ,,issu$ ,,to ,,soldi]s4 ,,art4 #hd4 ,any soldi] :o sells or wrongfully disposes ( or willfully or ?r\gh neglect injures or loses any horse1 arms1 ammunition1 acc\t]m5ts1 equipm5ts1 clo?+1 or o!r prop]ty issu$ = use 9 ! milit>y s]vice %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,drunk ,,on ,,duty4 ,,art4 #he4 ,any (fic] :o is f\nd drunk on duty %all1 if ! (f5se be committ$ 9 "t ( w>1 be dismiss$ f ! s]vice & suff] su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct2 & if ! (f5se be committ$ 9 "t ( peace he %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law1 except an (fic]1 :o is f\nd drunk on duty %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,misbehavior ,,( ,,s5t9el4 ,,art4 #hf4 ,any s5t9el :o is f\nd drunk or sleep+ ^u 8 po/1 or :o leaves x be=e he is regul>ly reliev$1 %all1 if ! (f5se be committ$ 9 "t ( w>1 suff] dea? or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct2 & if ! (f5se be committ$ 9 "t ( peace he %all suff] any puni%m5t1 except dea?1 t a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,p]sonal ,,int]e/ ,,9 ,,sale ,,( ,,provisions4 ,,art4 #hg4 ,any (fic] comm&+ 9 any g>rison1 =t1 b>racks1 camp1 or o!r place :]e troops ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates may be s]v+ :o1 = 8 private advantage1 lays any duty or imposition ^u or is int]e/$ 9 ! sale ( any victuals or o!r necess>ies ( life br\ght into su* g>rison1 =t1 b>racks1 camp1 or o!r place = ! use ( ! troops1 %all be dismiss$ f ! s]vice & suff] su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,intimidation ,,( ,,p]sons ,,br++ ,,provisions4 ,,art4 #hh4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o abuses1 intimidates1 does viol5ce to1 or wrongfully int]f]es ) any p]son br++ provisions1 supplies1 or o!r necess>ies to ! camp1 g>rison1 or qu>t]s ( ! =ces ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all suff] su* puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,good ,,ord] ,,to ,,be ,,ma9ta9$ ,,& ,,wrongs ,,r$ress$4 ,,art4 #hi4 ,all p]sons subject to milit>y law are to behave !mselves ord]ly 9 qu>t]s1 g>rison1 camp1 & on ! m>*2 & any p]son subject to milit>y law :o commits any wa/e or spoil1 or willfully de/roys any prop]ty :atsoev] 7unless by ord] ( 8 comm&+ (fic]71 or commits any k9d ( depr$ation or riot1 %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,any comm&+ (fic] :o1 ^u compla9t made to him1 refuses or omits to see rep>ation made to ! p>ty injur$1 9 s f> z ! (f5d]'s pay %all g t[>d su* rep>ation1 z provid$ = 9 article #aje1 %all be dismiss$ f ! s]vice or o!rwise puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,provok+ ,,spee*es ,,or ,,ge/ures4 ,,art4 #ij4 ,no p]son subject to milit>y law %all use any reproa*ful or provok+ spee*es or ge/ures to ano!r2 & any p]son subject to milit>y law :o (f5ds aga9/ ! provisions ( ?is article %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,duel+4 ,,art4 #ia4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o fights or promotes or is conc]n$ 9 or connives at fight+ a duel1 or :o hav+ k ( a *all5ge s5t or ab\t to be s5t1 fails to report ! fact promptly to ! prop] au?ority1 %all1 if an (fic]1 be dismiss$ f ! s]vice or suff] su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct2 & if any o!r p]son subject to milit>y law %all suff] su* puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,murd]--,,rape4 ,,art4 #ib4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o commits murd] or rape %all suff] dea? or imprisonm5t = life1 z a c\rt-m>tial may direct2 b no p]son %all be tri$ by c\rt-m>tial = murd] or rape committ$ )9 ! geographical limits ( ! ,/ates ( ! ,union & ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 9 "t ( peace4 ,,v>i\s ,,crimes4 ,,art4 #ic4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o commits manslaught]1 mayhem1 arson1 burgl>y1 robb]y1 l>c5y1 embezzlem5t1 p]jury1 assault ) int5t to commit any felony1 or assault ) int5t to d bodily h>m1 %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,frauds ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,gov]nm5t4 ,,art4 #id4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o makes or causes to be made any claim aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates or any (fic] !re(1 kn[+ su* claim to be false or fraudul5t2 or ,:o pres5ts or causes to be pres5t$ to any p]son 9 ! civil or milit>y s]vice !re(1 = approval or paym5t1 any claim aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates or any (fic] !re(1 kn[+ su* claim to be false or fraudul5t2 or ,:o ent]s into any agreem5t or conspiracy to defraud ! ,unit$ ,/ates by obta9+1 or aid+ o!rs to obta91 ! all[ance or paym5t ( any false or fraudul5t claim2 or ,:o1 = ! purpose ( obta9+1 or aid+ o!rs to obta91 ! approval1 all[ance1 or paym5t ( any claim aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates or aga9/ any (fic] !re(1 makes or uses1 or procures1 or advises ! mak+ or use (1 any writ+ or o!r pap]1 kn[+ ! same to conta9 any false or fraudul5t /atem5ts2 or ,:o1 = ! purpose ( obta9+1 or aid+ o!rs to obta91 ! approval1 all[ance1 or paym5t ( any claim aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates or any (fic] !re(1 makes1 or procures1 or advises ! mak+ (1 any oa? to any fact or to any writ+ or o!r pap]1 kn[+ su* oa? to be false2 or ,:o1 = ! purpose ( obta9+1 or aid+ o!rs to obta91 ! approval1 all[ance1 or paym5t ( any claim aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates or any (fic] !re(1 =ges or c\nt]feits1 or procures1 or advises ! =g+ or c\nt]feit+ ( any signature ^u any writ+ or o!r pap]1 or uses1 or procures1 or advises ! use ( any su* signature1 kn[+ ! same to be =g$ or c\nt]feit$2 or ,:o1 hav+ *>ge1 possession1 cu/ody1 or control ( any money or o!r prop]ty ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 furni%$ or int5d$ = ! milit>y s]vice !re(1 kn[+ly deliv]s1 or causes to be deliv]$1 to any p]son hav+ au?ority to receive ! same1 any am\nt !re( less ?an t = :i* he receives a c]tificate or receipt2 or ,:o1 be+ au?oriz$ to make or deliv] any pap] c]tify+ ! receipt ( any prop]ty ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates furni%$ or int5d$ = ! milit>y s]vice !re(1 makes or deliv]s to any p]son su* writ+1 )\t hav+ full k ( ! tru? ( ! /atem5ts !re9 conta9$ & ) int5t to defraud ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 or ,:o /eals1 embezzles1 kn[+ly & willfully misappropriates1 applies to 8 own use or b5efit1 or wrongfully or kn[+ly sells or disposes ( any ordnance1 arms1 equipm5ts1 ammunition1 clo?+1 subsi/5ce /ores1 money1 or o!r prop]ty ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates furni%$ or int5d$ = ! milit>y s]vice !re(2 or ,:o kn[+ly pur*ases or receives 9 pl$ge = any obligation or indebt$ness f any soldi]1 (fic]1 or o!r p]son :o is a "p ( or employ$ 9 said =ces or s]vice1 any ordnance1 arms1 equipm5t1 ammunition1 clo?+1 subsi/5ce /ores1 or o!r prop]ty ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 su* soldi]1 (fic]1 or o!r p]son n hav+ lawful "r to sell or pl$ge ! same2 ,%all1 on conviction !re(1 be puni%$ by f9e or imprisonm5t1 or by su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may adjudge1 or by any or all ( said p5alties4 ,& if any p]son1 be+ guilty ( any ( ! (f5ses a=esaid :ile 9 ! milit>y s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 receives 8 dis*>ge or is dismiss$ f ! s]vice1 he %all cont9ue to be liable to be arre/$ & held = trial & s5t5ce by a c\rt-m>tial 9 ! same mann] & to ! same ext5t z if he _h n receiv$ su* dis*>ge nor be5 dismiss$4 ,,conduct ,,unbecom+ ,,an ,,(fic] ,,& ,,g5tleman4 ,,art4 #ie4 ,any (fic] or cadet :o is convict$ ( conduct unbecom+ an (fic] & a g5tleman %all be dismiss$ f ! s]vice4 ,,g5]al ,,article4 ,,art4 #if4 ,?\gh n m5tion$ 9 ^! articles1 all disord]s & neglects to ! prejudice ( good ord] & milit>y discipl9e1 all conduct ( a nature to br+ discr$it ^u ! milit>y s]vice1 & all crimes or (f5ses n capital ( :i* p]sons subject to milit>y law may be guilty %all be tak5 cognizance ( by a g5]al or special or summ>y c\rt-m>tial1 accord+ to ! nature & degree ( ! (f5se1 & puni%$ at ! discretion ( su* c\rt4 ,,discipl9>y ,,p[]s ,,( ,,comm&+ ,,(fic]s4 ,,art4 #ajd4 ,"u su* regulations z ! ,presid5t may prescribe1 & :i* he may f "t to "t revoke1 alt]1 or add to1 ! comm&+ (fic] ( any deta*m5t1 company1 or high] comm& may1 = m9or (f5ses n d5i$ by ! accus$1 impose discipl9>y puni%m5ts ^u p]sons ( 8 comm& )\t ! int]v5tion ( a c\rt-m>tial1 unless ! accus$ dem&s trial by c\rt-m>tial4 ,! discipl9>y puni%m5ts au?oriz$ by ?is article may include admonition1 reprim&1 )hold+ ( privileges1 extra fatigue1 & re/riction to c]ta9 specifi$ limits1 b %all n include =feiture ( pay or conf9em5t "u gu>d4 ,a p]son puni%$ "u au?ority ( ?is article :o deems 8 puni%m5t unju/ or disproportionate to ! (f5se may1 ?r\gh ! prop] *annel1 appeal to ! next sup]ior au?ority1 b1 may 9 ! meantime be requir$ to und]go ! puni%m5t adjudg$4 ,! comm&+ (fic] :o imposes ! puni%m5t1 8 successor 9 comm&1 & sup]ior au?ority %all h p[] to mitigate or remit any unexecut$ portion ( ! puni%m5t4 ,! imposition & en=cem5t ( discipl9>y puni%m5t "u au?ority ( ?is article = any act or omission %all n be a b> to trial by c\rt-m>tial = a crime or (f5se gr[+ out ( ! same act or omission2 b ! fact t a discipl9>y puni%m5t has be5 en=c$ may be %[n by ! accus$ ^u trial1 & :5 s %[n %all be consid]$ 9 det]m9+ ! measure ( puni%m5t to be adjudg$ 9 ! ev5t ( a f9d+ ( guilty4 ,,r$ress ,,( ,,injuries ,,to ,,p]son ,,or ,,prop]ty4 ,,art4 #aje4 ,:5ev] compla9t is made to any comm&+ (fic] t damage has be5 done to ! prop]ty ( any p]son or t 8 prop]ty has be5 wrongfully tak5 by p]sons subject to milit>y law1 su* compla9t %all be inve/igat$ by a bo>d consi/+ ( any numb] ( (fic]s f "o to ?ree1 :i* bo>d %all be conv5$ by ! comm&+ (fic] & %all h1 = ! purpose ( su* inve/igation1 p[] to summon witnesses & exam9e !m ^u oa? or affirmation1 to receive depositions or o!r docum5t>y evid5ce1 & to assess ! damages su/a9$ aga9/ ! responsible p>ties4 ,! assessm5t ( damages made by su* bo>d %all be subject to ! approval ( ! comm&+ (fic]1 & 9 ! am\nt approv$ by him %all be /opp$ aga9/ ! pay ( ! (f5d]s4 ,& ! ord] ( su* comm&+ (fic] direct+ /oppages h]e9 au?oriz$ %all be conclusive on any disburs+ (fic] = ! paym5t by him to ! injur$ p>ties ( ! /oppages s ord]$4 ,:]e ! (f5d]s c n be asc]ta9$ b ! organization or deta*m5t to :i* !y belong is kn[n1 /oppages to ! am\nt ( damages inflict$ may be made & assess$ 9 su* proportion z may be deem$ j ^u ! individual memb]s !re( :o are %[n to h be5 pres5t ) su* organization or deta*m5t at ! "t ! damages compla9$ ( 7 inflict$1 z det]m9$ by ! approv$ f9d+s ( ! bo>d4 ,,arre/ ,,( ,,des]t]s ,,by ,,civil ,,(ficials4 ,,art4 #ajf4 ,x %all be lawful = any civil (fic] hav+ au?ority "u ! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or ( any ,/ate1 ,t]ritory1 ,di/rict1 or possession ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to arre/ (f5d]s1 summ>ily to arre/ a des]t] f ! milit>y s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & deliv] him into ! cu/ody ( ! milit>y au?orities ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,soldi]s ,,to ,,make ,,good ,,"t ,,lo/4 ,,art4 #ajg4 ,e soldi] :o 9 an exi/+ or subsequ5t enli/m5t des]ts ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or )\t prop] au?ority abs5ts himself f 8 organization1 /ation1 or duty = m ?an "o day1 or :o is conf9$ = m ?an "o day "u s5t5ce1 or :ile await+ trial & disposition ( 8 case1 if ! trial results 9 conviction1 or ?r\gh ! intemp]ate use ( drugs or alcoholic liquor1 or ?r\gh disease or injury ! result ( 8 own misconduct1 r5d]s himself unable = m ?an "o day to p]=m duty1 %all be liable to s]ve1 aft] 8 return to a full-duty /atus1 = su* p]iod z %all1 ) ! "t he may h s]v$ prior to su* des]tion1 unau?oriz$ abs5ce1 conf9em5t1 or inability to p]=m duty1 am\nt to ! full t]m ( t "p ( 8 enli/m5t p]iod :i* he is requir$ to s]ve ) 8 organization be=e be+ furl\gh$ to ! ,army ,res]ve4 ,,soldi]s--,,sep>ation ,,f ,,! ,,s]vice4 ,,art4 #ajh4 ,no enli/$ man1 lawfully induct$ into ! milit>y s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all be dis*>g$ f said s]vice )\t a c]tificate ( dis*>ge1 sign$ by a field (fic] ( ! regim5t or o!r organization to :i* ! enli/$ man belongs or by ! comm&+ (fic] :5 no su* field (fic] is pres5t2 & no enli/$ man %all be dis*>g$ f said s]vice be=e 8 t]m ( s]vice has expir$1 except by ord] ( ! ,presid5t1 ! ,secret>y ( ,w>1 ! comm&+ (fic] ( a dep>tm5t1 or by a s5t5ce ( a g5]al c\rt-m>tial4 ,,oa? ,,( ,,enli/m5t4 ,,art4 #aji4 ,at ! "t ( 8 enli/m5t e soldi] %all take ! foll[+ oa? or affirmation3 ,i1 ---------1 d solemnly swe> 7or affirm7 t ,i w be> true fai? & allegiance to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica2 t ,i w s]ve !m hone/ly & fai?fully aga9/ all _! enemies :omsoev]2 & t ,i w obey ! ord]s ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ord]s ( ! (fic]s appo9t$ ov] me1 accord+ to ! ,rules & ,articles ( ,w>4 ,?is oa? or affirmation may be tak5 be=e any (fic]4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,engli%-,,fr5* ,,vocabul>y4 ,,common ,,words4 ,aft]noon 7?is7 ,cet aprs-midi4 ,army 7an7 ,une arme4 ,b&age ,un b&age4 ,ba? ,un ba94 ,bayonet ,une baonnette4 ,b$ ,un lit4 ,blanket ,une c\v]ture4 ,boy ,un g>on4 ,bullet ,une balle1 ,un pruneau 7soldi] slang74 ,camp ,un camp1 ,un campem5t4 ,c>tridge ,une c>t\*e4 ,*ild ,un enfant1 ,une enfant4 ,cook ,un cuis9i]1 ,un cui/ot 7slang71 ,une cuis9ire1 7fem474 ,dance ,un bal1 ,une danse 7"o dance74 ,d>k ,obscur4 ,day ,un j\r4 ,dead ,mort4 ,des]t] ,un ds]teur4 ,door ,une porte4 ,f>m ,une f]me4 ,fire>ms ,des armes feu4 ,field gun ,une pice de campagne4 ,flag ,un drapeau4 ,un t5d>d 7/&>d74 ,=e/ ,une =t1 ,un bois 7woods71 ,un boqueteau 7clump ( trees74 ,fri5d ,un ami1 ,une amie4 ,girl ,une jeune fille4 ,guide ,un guide4 ,gun ,un fusil4 ,halt6 ,halte6 ,h& ,une ma94 ,hat ,un *apeau1 ,un kpi 7cap71 ,un casque 7helmet71 ,un feutre 7campaign hat74 ,head ,la tte4 ,headqu>t]s ,le qu>ti]-gnral4 ,horse ,un *eval4 ,int]pret] ,un int]prte4 ,knife ,un c\teau4 ,lake ,un lac4 ,man ,un homme4 ,meat ,de la vi&e4 ,"n ,un nom4 ,night ,la nuit4 ,noon ,midi4 ,ma*9e gun ,une mitrailleuse4 ,mess call ,la s\pe4 ,password ,le mot de passe4 ,pay ,le prt 7enli/$ m571 ,la solde 7(fic]s74 ,prison] ,un prisonni]4 ,recruit ,une recrue1 ,un bleu 7slang71 ,un bleuet 7slang71 ,un blanc-bec 7slang74 ,re/aurant ,un re/aurant1 ,un caf4 ,road ,un *em91 ,une r\te4 ,retreat ,la retraite4 ,reveille ,le rveil1 ,la diane ,sab] ,un sabre4 ,saddle ,une selle4 ,%oe ,des *aussures 7%oes 9 g5]al71 ,des s\li]s 7l[ %oes71 ,des bott9es 7high %oes71 ,des brodequ9s 7m>*+ %oes74 ,%otgun ,un fusil de *asse4 ,sick ,malade4 ,s\p ,une s\pe1 ,un potage4 ,spy ,un espion4 ,supp] ,le s\p]4 ,sword ,une pe4 ,t5t ,une t5te4 ,%elt] t5t ,une t5te-abri4 ,,num]als4 ,"o ,un1 une4 ,two ,deux4 ,?ree ,trois4 ,f\r ,quatre4 ,five ,c9q 7pron\nce sank74 ,six ,six 7pron\nce cease74 ,sev5 ,sept 7pron\nce set74 ,eight ,huit 7pron\nce weet74 ,n9e ,neuf4 ,t5 ,dix 7pron\nce deess74 ,elev5 ,onze4 ,twelve ,d\ze4 ,?irte5 ,treize4 ,f\rte5 ,quatorze4 ,fifte5 ,qu9ze4 ,sixte5 ,seize4 ,sev5te5 ,six-sept4 ,eighte5 ,dix-huit4 ,n9ete5 ,dix-neuf4 ,tw5ty ,v+t 7pron\nce vant74 ,tw5ty-"o ,v+t-et-un4 ,?irty ,tr5te4 ,?irty-"o ,tr5te-et-un4 ,?irty-two ,tr5te-deux4 ,=ty ,qu>ante4 ,fifty ,c9quante4 ,sixty ,soixante4 ,sev5ty ,soixante-dix4 ,sev5ty-"o ,soixante-et-onze4 ,sev5ty-two ,soixante-d\ze4 ,eighty ,quatre-v+ts4 ,eighty-"o ,quatre-v+t-un4 ,n9ety ,quatre-v+t-dix4 ,n9ety-"o ,quatre-v+t-onze4 ,"o hundr$ ,c5t4 ,"o hundr$ & "o ,c5t un4 ,two hundr$ ,deux c5ts4 ,two hundr$ & "o ,deux c5t un4 ,"o ?\s& ,mille4 ,two ?\s& ,deux mille4 ,"o ?\s& "o hundr$ ,mille c5t2 onze c5ts4 ,?\s&s ( soldi]s ,des milli]s de soldats4 ,a million ,un million4 ,two million m5 ,deux millions d'hommes4 ,a score ,une v+ta9e4 ,ab\t =ty m5 ,une qu>anta9e d'hommes4 ,hundr$s ( m5 ,des c5ta9es d'hommes4 ,,curr5cy1 ,,measures1 ,,& ,,weights4 #a c5t ,un s\2 c9q c5times4 #aj c5ts ,dix s\s2 c9quante c5times4 #bj c5ts 7ab\t7 ,un francs4 #a doll> ,c9q francs4 7,! ,fr5* h gold pieces ( #aj francs & #bj francs2 bank notes ( #ej francs1 #ajj francs1 & high]4 ,! gold pieces are probably replac$ by bank notes n[47 #a met] 7#a4jicf y>ds7 ,un mtre4 #a kilomet] 7#j4fbach mile7 ,un kilomtre4 ,,note4--,= all ord9>y purposes1 ! ,kilomtre #e_/h ( a mile2 ! ,c5timtre #d_/aj ( an in*4 #a league 7#b4dheeb miles7 ,une lieue4 #a hect>e 7#b4dgaa acres7 ,un hect>e4 #a gram 7#ae4dcbci gra9 ,troy7 ,un gramme4 #a kilogram 7#b4bjdfba p\nds avoirdupois7 ,un kilogramme4 #bbj4df p\nds avoirdupois ,un qu9tal2 #ajj kilos4 #b1bjd4f p\nds avoirdupois ,une tonne2 #a1jjj kilos4 7,coal is sold by ! tonne2 gra9 & hay by ! qu9tal4 ,dix qu9taux de bl1 de fo9#aj qu9tals ( gra91 ( hay47 #a4jefg qu>t 7liquid7 ,un litre4 #bf4dag gallons ,un hectolitre4 #j4ijha qu>t 7dry7 ,un litre4 #b4hcgi bu%els ,un hectolitre4 7,! litre1 :i* is ! pr9cipal unit ( bo? fluid & dry measures1 is ! cont5ts ( #a cubic dcimtre 7dcimtre #a_/aj mtre747 ,,days1 ,,mon?s1 ,,& ,,seasons4 ,sunday ,diman*e4 ,monday ,lundi4 ,tuesday ,m>di4 ,w$nesday ,m]cr$i4 ,?ursday ,jeudi4 ,friday ,v5dr$i4 ,saturday ,sam$i4 ,janu>y ,janvi]4 ,febru>y ,fvri]4 ,m>* ,m>s4 ,april ,avril4 ,may ,mai4 ,june ,ju94 ,july ,juillet4 ,augu/ ,aot 7pron\nc$ oo74 ,septemb] ,septembre4 ,octob] ,octobre4 ,novemb] ,novembre4 ,decemb] ,dcembre4 ,! seasons ,les saisons4 ,w9t] ,l'hiv]4 ,spr+ ,le pr9temps4 ,summ] ,l't4 ,fall ,l'automne4 ,ye> ,un an2 une anne4 ,mon? ,un mois4 ,week ,une sema9e4 ,day ,un j\r4 ,h\r ,une heure4 ,m9ute ,une m9ute4 ,second ,une seconde4 ,,common ,,phrases ,good morn+1 sir1 madam1 miss4 ,bonj\r1 monsieur1 madame1 ,good aft]noon mademoiselle4 ,good ev5+1 sir ,bonsoir1 monsieur4 ,good night1 sir ,bonne nuit1 monsieur4 ,p>don me ,p>don2 je v\s dem&e p>don4 ,don't m5tion x ,je v\s en prie4 ,h[ d y d8 ,comm5t allez-v\s8 ,comm5t a va8 ,comm5t v\s portez-v\s8 ,v well1 ?ank y ,trs bi51 m]ci4 ,je vais bi51 m]ci4 ,ca va bi51 m]ci4 ,je me porte bi51 m]ci4 ,d n tr\ble y\rself ,ne v\s gnez pas4 ,ne v\s drangez pas4 ,i am v glad to see y ,je suis bi5 aise de v\s voir4 ,je suis cont5t 7heureux7 de v\s voir4 ,:at "t is x8 ,quelle heure e/-il8 ,x is #aj o'clock ,il e/ dix heures4 ,take c>e2 look out ,pr5ez g>de4 ,d n bo!r me ,ne me drangez pas4 ,/op "h ,arrtez-v\s ici4 ,does ,mr4 -- live "h8 ,m4 -- demeure-t-il ici8 ,come 9 ,entrez4 ,y are v k9d ,v\s tes trs aimable4 ,at :at "t does ! fir/ tra9 />t8 ,a quelle heure "p le premi] ,:at is ! "n ( ?is tra98 /ation8 ,comm5t s'appelle cette /ation 7g>e78 ,i want ,je dsire44,je veux 7/rong]74 ,i d n want x4 ,je n'en veux pas4 ,let me "k :at ,i owe y4 ,dites-moi ce que je v\s dois4 ,are y n mi/ak58 ,ne faites-v\s pas erreur8 ,ne v\s trompez-v\s pas8 ,please give me ,veuillez me donn]4 ,move on4 ,avancez4 ,circulez4 7,policeman47 ,i want some?+ to eat4 ,je dsire quelque *ose mang]4 ,:]e is x8 ,o e/-ce8 ,g & look = x4 ,allez le *]*]4 ,take ?is lett] to ! po/ (fice4 ,portez cette lettre la po/e4 ,h[ mu* is x8 ,combi58 ,combi5 cela cote-t-il8 ,x is de>4 ,c'e/ *]4 ,?ank y4 ,m]ci4 ,je v\s en rem]cie4 ,don't m5tion x4 ,il n'y a pas de quoi4 ,de ri54 ,all[ me to pres5t my fri5d4 ,p]mettez-moi de v\s prs5t] mon ami ----4 ,i am glad to make y\r acqua9tance4 ,je suis en*ant de faire votre connaissance4 ,h[ f> is x8 ,a quelle di/ance e/-ce8 ,:at c ,i d = y8 ,que puis-je faire p\r v\s8 ,d y speak ,engli%8 ,p>lez-v\s anglais8 ,i d n speak ,fr5* v ,je ne p>le pas trs bi5 le well4 franais4 ,:]e d y come f8 ,d'o v5ez-v\s8 ,h[ did y come8 ,comm5t tes-v\s v5u8 ,on foot1 9 a c>riage1 9 an ,a pi$1 en voiture1 en auto1 en auto1 by rail1 by boat1 on a *em9 de f]1 en bateau1 bicycle1 horseback1 9 an bicyclette1 *eval1 en aroplane4 a]oplane4 ,,milit>y ,,titles1 ,,ranks1 ,,& ,,grades4 ,g5]al (fic]s ,les (fic]s gnraux4 ,g5]al /aff ,l'tat-major gnral4 ,field (fic]s ,les (fici]s suprieurs4 ,company (fic]s ,les (fici]s subalt]nes4 ,enli/$ m5 ,les hommes de tr\pe4 ,noncommission$ (fic]s ,les s\s-(fici]s4 ,private soldi]s ,les simples soldats4 ,colonel ,le colonel 7address$#ae z ,mon colonel74 ,major ,le comm&ant 7,mon comm&ant74 ,capta9 ,le capita9e 7,mon capita9e74 ,le pi/on 7slang74 ,fir/ lieut5ant ,le lieut5ant 7en premi]7 7,mon lieut5ant74 ,second lieut5ant ,le s\s-lieut5ant 7,mon lieut5ant74 ,a doctor ,un 7mdec97 major4 ,a s]geant ,un s]g5t 7address$ z ,s]g5t74 ,un m>*al des logis 7m\nt$ s]vice74 ,a corporal ,un caporal 7,caporal74 ,un brigadi] 7m\nt$ s]vice74 ,a private ,un simple soldat4 ,a body ( troops ,une tr\pe4 ,fr5* troops ,des tr\pes franaises4 ,a wagon] ,un conducteur4 ,un f\rgonni]4 ,a horse%o] ,un m>*al-f]rant4 ,a saddl] ,un selli]4 ,a signal] ,un signaleur4 ,a des]t] ,un ds]teur4 ,a soldi] ( ,infantry ,un fantass94 ,cavalry ,un cavali]4 ,artill]y ,un artilleur4 ,eng9e]s ,un sapeur-m9eur4 ,qu>t]ma/] ,corps4 ,un homme de l'int5dance4 ,signal ,corps ,un homme du corps des signaux4 ,hospital ,corps ,un infirmi]4 ,l9e ( ,communications ,un g>de des voies et communications1 ,g4 ,v4 ,c4 ,infantry ,l'infant]ie4 ,cavalry ,la caval]ie4 ,artill]y ,l'artill]ie4 ,eng9e]s ,le gnie4 ,signal ,corps ,le corps des signaux4 ,hospital ,corps ,le corps de sant4 ,le s]vice de sant4 ,aviation ,corps ,le corps d'aviation4 ,footnote #ae3 ,see note1 p4 #chh4 ,,milit>y ,,t]ms4 ,! headqu>t]s ,le qu>ti] gnral4 ,! tra9 ,le tra9 des quipages4 ,railway s]vice ,le s]vice des *em9s de f]4 ,telegraph s]vice ,le s]vice des tlgraphes4 ,rural gu>ds ,la g5d>m]ie4 ,des g5d>mes4 ,a payma/] ,un trsori]4 ,a *apla9 ,un aumni]4 ,an army ,une arme4 ,g5]al ,s-&-s's army ,l'arme--7l'arme ,fo*74 ,an army corps ,un corps d'arme4 ,a division ,une division4 ,a brigade ,une brigade4 ,a regim5t ,un rgim5t4 ,a battalion ,un bataillon4 ,a company ,une compagnie4 ,a platoon ,un peloton4 ,a section ,une section4 ,a squad ,une esc\ade4 ,a deta*m5t ,un dta*em5t4 ,b>racks ,une cas]ne4 ,a camp ,un camp 7m or less p]man5t74 ,un campem5t 7tempor>y74 ,a cantonm5t ,un cantonnem5t4 ,l9e 7,une7 ligne4 ,column 7,une7 colonne4 ,z skirmi%]s ,en tirailleurs4 ,foll[ me1 z skirmi%]s ,a moi1 en tirailleurs4 ,sc\ts ,des claireurs4 ,a patrol ,une patr\ille4 ,! advance gu>d ,l'avant-g>de4 ,! re> gu>d ,l'arrire-g>de4 ,flank]s ,des flanc-g>des4 ,! ma9 body ,le gros 7de la colonne74 ,combat tra9 ,le tra9 de combat4 ,field tra9 ,le tra9 rgim5taire4 ,outpo/s ,des avant-po/es4 ,cossack po/s ,des avant-po/es la cosaque4 ,a s5t9el ,une s5t9elle4 ,un factionnaire4 ,on po/ ,en faction4 ,de faction4 ,gu>d m\nt+ ,la g>de montante 7also new gu>d74 ,! s5t9el *all5ges3 ,halt6 ,la s5t9elle crie3 ,halte6 ,qui ,:o's !re8 vive8 ,! answ] is3 ,france ,la rponse e/3 ,france4 ,advance ) ! c\nt]sign ,avance au ralliem5t4 7,! p]son *all5g$ gives ! mot d'ordre1 :i* is ! "n ( "s g5]al1 & ! s5t9el replies ) ! mot de ralliem5t1 :i* is ! "n ( a battle or a city47 ,g away2 y c't pass 7,passe7 au l>ge4 ,halt1 or ,i fire ,halte1 ou je fais feu4 ,put d[n y\r arms ,dposez vos armes4 ,h&s up6 ,levez les bras4 ,face ab\t 7,faites7 demi-t\r4 ,come "h ,v5ez ici4 ,a spy ,un espion4 ,a flag ( truce ,un drapeau blanc4 ,un drapeau p>lem5taire4 ,,uni=ms1 ,,arms1 ,,clo?+1 ,,& ,,equipm5t4 ,clo?+ ,les vtem5ts1 l'habillem5t4 ,*ange y\r clo!s ,*angez de vtem5ts4 ,ov]coat 7worn by ,fr5* infantry7 ,une capote4 ,tr\s]s ,un pantalon4 ,bree*es ,une culotte4 ,%irt ,une *emise4 ,bl\se ,un dolman1 une v>euse4 ,cap ,un kpi4 ,campaign hat 7,unit$ ,/ates7 ,un 7*apeau de7 feutre4 ,helmet ,un casque 7de tran*e74 ,cap ) visor worn by ,fr5* (f duty4 ,un bonnet de police4 ,tam-o'-%ant] worn by ,alp9e *asseurs4 ,un bret4 ,%oes 9 g5]al4 ,des *aussures4 ,s]vice %oes ,des brodequ9s4 ,legg9s ,des gutres4 ,wrap putties ,des b&es molletires4 ,lea!r putties ,des h\seaux 7or h\sseaux74 ,full-dress uni=m ,la gr&e t5ue4 ,dress uni=m ,la petite t5ue4 ,field uni=m ,la t5ue de campagne4 ,ov]coat 7m\nt$ m57 ,un manteau4 ,ov]coat 7(fic]s7 ,un manteau4 ,un manteau-capote4 ,fatigue coat ,le b\rg]on4 ,fatigue tr\s]s 7ov]alls7 ,un pantalon de treillis4 ,fatigue uni=m ,la t5ue de corve4 ,magaz9e rifle ,un fusil rptition4 ,! b>rel ,le canon4 ,! bolt ,le v]r\4 ,! ramrod ,la baguette4 ,! butt ,la crosse4 ,! gun sl+ ,la bretelle4 ,! trigg] ,la dt5te4 ,re> sight ,la hausse4 ,front sight ,le guidon4 ,a bayonet ,une baonnette4 ,rosalie 7slang74 ,ball c>tridge ,une c>t\*e balle4 ,blank c>tridge ,une c>t\*e blanc4 ,dummy c>tridge ,une fausse c>t\*e4 ,belt ,un ce9turon4 ,c>tridge box ,une c>t\*ire4 ,fir/-aid packet ,un paquet de pansem5t4 ,! pack ,le sac4 ,a hav]sack ,un tui-musette4 ,cante5 ,un bidon4 ,t9 cup ,un qu>t4 ,mess c ,une gamelle4 ,equipm5t ,l'quipem5t4 ,compass ,une b\ssole4 ,field glasses ,des jumelles 7de campagne74 ,:i/le ,un sifflet4 ,revolv] ,un revolv]4 ,,que/ions ,,ab\t ,,! ,,roads1 ,,etc4 ,p>don me1 sir1 d y speak ,p>don1 monsieur1 p>lez-v\s ,engli%8 anglais8 7,g]man1 ,fr5*1 ,italian1 ,russian7 7,allem&1 franais1 itali51 russe47 ,all "r1 !n %[ me1 please1 ,trs bi51 alors indiquez-moi1 je ! road to ---- v\s prie1 le *em9 de ----4 ,is x f> f "h8 ,e/-ce lo9 d'ici8 ,h[ long does x take to g ,combi5 faut-il de temps p\r y !re8 all]8 ,h[ _m kilomet]s8 ,combi5 de kilomtres8 ,is !re a %ort cut8 7road7 ,y a-t-il un *em9 de trav]se8 ,is !re a %ort cut8 7trail7 ,y a-t-il un s5ti] plus c\rt8 ,:]e does ?is road g8 ,o mne cette r\te8 ,are we on ! "r road to g ,sommes-n\s sur le bon *em9 to ----8 p\r all] ----8 ,does ?is road g ?r\gh ,compigne8 ,cette r\te passe-t-elle p> ,compigne8 ,%all we f9d any villages on ,tr\v]ons-n\s des villages sur our road8 notre *em98 ,are !re any o!r roads go+ ,y a-t-il d'autres *em9s p\r to ----8 all] ----8 ,is ?is road 9 good condition8 ,cette r\te e/-elle en bon tat8 ,are !re hills8 ,y a-t-il des ctes 7des coteaux78 ,are !y /eep8 ,sont-elles raides8 ,does ! road g ?r\gh op5 ,la r\te1 trav]se-t-elle un pays or wood$ c\ntry8 dc\v]t ou bois8 ,c we get ?r\gh ) artill]y8 ,peut-on pass] avec de l'artill]ie8 ,c we get ?r\gh ) heavily ,peut-on pass] avec de grosses load$ wagons 7auto voitures *>ges 7avec des trucks78 camions-automobiles78 ,is ?is road practicable = artill]y8 ,cette r\te e/-elle praticable p\r l'artill]ie8 ,c infantry m>* on ! sides ,l'infant]ie peut-elle m>*] ( ! roads8 sur les cts de la r\te8 ,is ! gr\nd practicable ,le t]ra9 e/-il praticable8 ,is ! gr\nd m>%y ,le t]ra9 e/-il m>cageux8 ,:at is ! nature ( ! gr\nd ,quelle e/ la nature du sol8 ,does ! telegraph l9e foll[ ,e/-ce que la ligne tlgraphique ?is road z f> z ,x8 7le tlgraphe7 suit cette r\te jusqu' ,x8 ,:]e does y\r railroad come f8 ,d'o vi5t votre *em9 de f]8 ,:]e does x g to8 ,o va-t-il8 ,is x s+le track$ or d\ble ,e/-il une voie ou deux voies track$ ! :ole way8 sur t\t le p>c\rs8 ,:]e is ! /ation8 ,is x f>8 ,o e/ la g>e8 ,e/-elle lo9 d'ici8 ,h[ c ! riv] be cross$8 ,comm5t peut-on pass] la rivire8 ,is !re a bridge8 a f]ry8 ,y a-t-il un pont8 un bac8 ,are !re =ds8 ,y a-t-il des passages gu 7des gus78 ,c we get boats8 ,peut-on tr\v] des bateaux8 ,9 t wood are !re cle>+s1 ,dans ce bois1 y a-t-il des rav9es1 brooks1 m>%es1 pools8 clairires1 des rav9s1 des ruisseaux1 des m>es8 ,are !re any places ne> "h ,y a-t-il des endroits prs d'ici = wat]+ horses8 p\r abreuv] les *evaux8 ,is ! wat] good8 ,l'eau e/-elle bonne8 ,is ?is wat] dr9kable8 ,e/-ce de l'eau potable8 ,are !re wat]+ tr\ghs8 ,y a-t-il des abreuvoirs8 ,:]e is !re good grass = ! ,o y a-t-il de bonne h]be p\r animals8 les animaux8 ,c we buy provisions8 ,peut-on a*et] des vivres8 ,is !re a field :]e we c ,y a-t-il un *amp o n\s p\vons camp8 camp] 7in/all] notre campem5t78 ,c y give me any in=mation ,p\vez-v\s me donn] des ab\t ! enemy8 r5seignem5ts sur l'ennemi8 ,please f9d me a guide :o ,veuillez me tr\v] un guide qui kn[s ! c\ntry8 connaisse le pays4 ,we are go+ to foll[ ?is trail 7tracks74 ,n\s allons suivre cette pi/e4 ,crossroads ,un c>ref\r4 ,,t[ns4 ,:]e is ! po/-(fice & ,o e/ le bureau des po/es et telegraph (fice8 tlgraphes8 ,! po/ma/] ,le directeur des po/es et tlgraphes4 ,! mail ,le c\rri]4 ,:5 0 ! la/ mail di/ribut$8 ,a quelle heure a-t-on fait la d]nire di/ribution8 ,g5]al deliv]y ,po/e re/ante4 ,are !re any lett]s = ----8 ,y a-t-il des lettres p\r ----8 ,i %\ld l to s5d a telegram4 ,je v\drais expdi] un tlgramme4 ,h y receiv$ a telegram ,avez-v\s reu un tlgramme = ----8 7une dp*e7 p\r ----8 ,a telegraph in/rum5t ,un app>eil 7tlgraphique74 ,c y tell me :]e ! ,p\rriez-v\s me dire o se mayor's (fice is8 tr\ve la mairie8 ,i c\ldn't tell y2 ,i am a ,je ne saurais v\s r5seign]2 /rang] "h4 je ne connais pas la ville4 ,good morn+1 sir1 are y ! ,bonj\r1 ,monsieur1 tes-v\s le mayor8 maire8 ,no1 sir1 ,i am 8 assi/ant4 ,non1 ,monsieur1 je suis son adjo9t4 ,i %\ld l to speak to ! ,je v\drais p>l] au maire lui-mme4 mayor himself4 ,li/51 sir4 ,a deta*m5t w c\tez1 monsieur4 ,un dta*em5t arrive "h to-morr[ morn+ arriv]a1 ici dema9 mat9 at #e o'clock4 c9q heures4 ,c y arrange to lodge #b1jjj ,p\vez-v\s pr5dre des dispositions m5 = two days8 p\r log] #b1jjj hommes p5dant deux j\rs8 ,a policeman ,un s]g5t de ville1 un ag5t de la paix4 ,,railroads4 ,! /ation ag5t ,le *ef de g>e4 ,! conductor ,le conducteur4 ,! eng9e] ,le mcanici54 ,! fireman ,le *auffeur4 ,! brakeman ,le s]re-fre9s4 ,! telegraph op]ator ,le tlgraphi/e4 ,an eng9e ,une locomotive4 ,pass5g] c>s ,des wagons 7de voyageurs74 ,flat c>s ,des trucks4 ,box c>s ,des wagons de m>*&ises4 ,/ock c>s ,des wagons be/iaux4 ,an express tra9 ,un tra9 express4 ,a ?r\gh tra9 ,un tra9 direct4 ,a local tra9 ,un tra9 omnibus4 ,a pass5g] tra9 ,un tra9 de voyageurs4 ,a freight tra9 ,un tra9 de m>*&ises4 ,to entra9 ! troops ,emb>qu] les tr\pes4 ,to detra9 ! troops ,db>qu] les tr\pes4 ,to get on a tra9 ,mont] dans un tra94 ,to get (f a tra9 ,desc5dre d'un tra94 ,! railroad track ,la voie 7f]re74 ,a side track ,une voie de g>age4 ,a ticket ,un billet4 ,a r\nd trip ticket ,un billet d'all] et ret\r4 ,"o way only ,all] seulem5t4 ,! ticket w9d[ ,le gui*et4 ,at :at "t does ! ,p>is ,a quelle heure "p le tra9 p\r tra9 />t8 ,p>is8 ,x is late 7#ae m9utes late74 ,il e/ en ret>d 7de qu9ze m9utes74 ,d we h to *ange c>s8 ,faut-il *ang] de tra98 ,! tra9 /ops ,le tra9 s'arrte4 ,all abo>d6 ,en voiture6 ,! tra9 />ts ,le tra9 s'branle4 ,,rations ,,& ,,food4 ,provisions 79 g5]al7 ,les vivres4 ,! ration ,la ration4 ,fre% beef ,de la vi&e fra*e4 ,bacon ,du l>d4 ,fl\r ,de la f>9e4 ,s(t bread ,du pa9 frais4 ,h>d bread 7crack]s7 ,du biscuit4 ,field bread ,du pa9 de gu]re4 ,corn meal ,de la f>9e de mas4 ,c(fee ,du caf4 ,sug> ,du sucre4 ,eggs ,des oeufs4 ,*ick5s ,des p\lets4 ,potatoes ,des pommes de t]re4 ,peas ,des pois4 ,/r+ beans ,des h>icots v]ts4 ,vegetables 79 g5]al7 ,des lgumes4 ,an apple ,une pomme4 ,a pe> ,une poire4 ,a *]ry ,une c]ise4 ,a pea* ,une p*e4 ,*eese ,du fromage4 ,w9e ,du v94 ,be] ,de la bire4 ,a glass ( be] ,un bock4 ,i am hungry4 ,j'ai faim4 ,br+ me some?+ to eat1 ,apportez-moi quelque *ose please4 mang]1 s'il v\s plat4 ,i am ?ir/y4 ,j'ai soif4 ,please give me1 a glass ( wat]4 ,veuillez me donn] un v]re d'eau4 ,wait]1 ,i'll take a beef/eak4 ,g>on1 je dsire un bifteck4 ,"s black c(fee ,du caf noir4 ,c(fee ) milk ,du caf au lait4 ,rolls ,des petits pa9s4 ,cresc5t rolls ,des croissants4 ,,hospitals4 ,a field hospital ,une ambulance4 ,a hospital 79 g5]al7 ,un hpital 7plural3 des hpitaux74 ,a dress+ /ation ,un po/e de sec\rs4 ,a fir/-aid dress+ ,un pansem5t sommaire4 ,r$ ,cross ,la ,croix ,r\ge4 ,a doctor ,un mdec94 ,un docteur4 ,a surgeon ,un *irurgi54 ,a milit>y surgeon ,un 7mdec97 major4 ,assi/ant surgeon ,un aide-major4 ,a male nurse1 hospital corps man ,un infirmi]4 ,a female nurse ,une infirmire4 ,an ambulance ,une ambulance4 ,a /ret*] 7litt]7 ,un branc>d4 ,a litt] be>] ,un branc>di]4 ,a roll ( b&ages ,un r\leau de b&age4 ,a fir/-aid packet ,un paquet de pansem5t4 ,a w\nd$ man ,un bless4 ,i am sick ,je suis malade4 ,i h a fev] ,j'ai la fivre4 ,i h *ills & fev] ,j'ai des frissons de fivre4 ,i am con/ipat$ ,je suis con/ip4 ,i h di>rhea ,j'ai la di>rhe4 ,,po9ts ,,( ,,! ,,compass4 ,nor? ,le nord4 ,s\? ,le sud4 ,ea/ ,l'e/4 ,we/ ,l'oue/4 ,nor!a/ ,le nord-e/4 ,s\!a/ ,le sud-e/4 ,nor?we/ ,le nord-oue/4 ,s\?we/ ,le sud-oue/4 ,,tr5* ,,w>f>e4 ,tr5* w>f>e ,la gu]re des tran*es4 ,la gu]re de position4 ,la gu]re de taupe 7moles74 ,tr5* ,une tran*e4 ,communication tr5* ,un boyau 7de communication74 ,! p>apet ,le p>apet4 ,a loophole ,un crneau4 ,une meurtrire4 ,a gr5ade ,une gr5ade4 ,a gr5adi]1 bomb] ,un gr5adi]4 ,b>b$ wire ,du fil de f] b>bel4 ,b>b$ wire entanglem5t ,un rseau de fils de f] b>bels4 ,tr5* mort> ,un morti]4 ,un crap\illaud4 ,m95w]f] 7,g]man74 ,bomb ,une bombe4 ,h[itz] ,un obusi]4 ,ma*9e gun ,une mitrailleuse4 ,fieldpiece ,une pice de campagne4 #ge millimet] field gun ,une pice de soixante-qu9ze4 ,siege gun ,une pice de sige4 #abj long ,c5t v+t long4 #abj %ort ,c5t v+t c\rt4 #gg 7,g]man7 ,soixante-dix-sept 7allem&74 ,%ell ,un obus4 ,une m>mite 7slang74 ,un colis domicile 7slang74 ,%rapnel ,un %rapnell4 ,un rageur 7slang74 ,p]iscope ,un priscope4 ,tr5* knife ,un c\teau de tran*e4 ,dug\t ,un abri dans les tran*es4 ,un cagibi 7slang74 ,une cagna 7slang7 ,un g\rbi 7slang74 ,une guit\ne 7slang74 ,,note4--,9 address+ an (fic] ( grade sup]ior to 8 own1 an (fic] mu/ use ! possessive adjective2 a s5ior address+ a junior uses ! title ( ! grade only4 ,?us3 ,a major to a colonel says ,mon colonel1 b ! colonel to ! major w\ld say ,comm&ant4 ,,app5dix4 ,,=m ,,= ,,la/ ,,w ,,& ,,te/am5t4 ,la/ ,w & ,te/am5t ,,( ,i1 ( d make1 publi%1 & decl>e ?is my la/ w & te/am5t4 ,i give1 devise1 & bequea? to#af ,footnote #af3 ,"h ins]t specific legacies & devises4 ,& ,i d give1 devise1 & bequea? all ! re/ & residue ( my e/ate1 bo? real & p]sonal1 to heirs & assigns =ev]1#ag ,footnote #ag3 ,if ! residue ( ! e/ate is giv5 to sev]al p]sons1 add "h ! mann] 9 :i* x is to be divid$1 z 9 equal %>es z t5ants 9 common4 ,i h]eby appo9t executor ( ?is my la/ w & te/am5t1 & ,i desire t %all n be requir$ to give bond = ! p]=mance ( ! duties ( t (fice4 ,witness my h& ?is#ah ,footnote #ah3 ,if ! w is made 9 ,nevada1 or if ! te/ator has real e/ate 9 t ,/ate1 he %\ld affix 8 seal4 day ( 1 #aia ,sign$1 publi%$1 & decl>$ by ! above-nam$ te/ator1 z & = 8 la/ w & te/am5t1 9 ! pres5ce ( u1 :o1 at 8 reque/ & 9 8 pres5ce1 & 9 ! pres5ce ( ea* o!r1 h subscrib$ our names z witnesses !reto4#ai ,resid5ce3 ,resid5ce3 ,resid5ce3 ,footnote #ai3 ,if ! w is made 9 ,l\isiana1 unless x is :olly 9 ! h&writ+ ( ! te/ator1 !re %\ld be sev5 witnesses & a not>y at ! seal+ up4 ,if :olly 9 8 h&writ+1 no =malities are requir$4 ,,index4 ,abbreviations on maps1 #cbc ,advance gu>ds1 #baj ,advance p>ty ( advance gu>d1 #baa ,advice to riflem51 #bda ,aim+ rifle1 #bce ,alignm5ts1 #bce ,ammunition1 #bj ,arm signals1 #aed ,arms 7see ,field kit71 #cj ,articles ( ,w>3 ,extracts f1 #cec ,read+1 #cec ,assembl+ ,infantry equipm5t1 #cc ,ball c>tridges1 #bj ,battle sight1 #bj ,bayonet1 manual (3 ,attacks1 #ge ,combat1 #hd ,comb9$ movem5ts1 #hc ,def5ses1 #gi ,f5c+ ex]cises1 #he ,foot movem5ts1 #he ,g5]al rules1 #he ,in/ruction )\t bayonet1 #ha ,in/ruction ) rifle1 #gd ,in/ruction )\t rifle1 #gd ,sugge/ions = f5c+ at w1 #ic ,blanket roll1 #cc ,call+ ! %ot1 #bda ,c>e ( feet1 #dg ,c>e ( rifle1 #ba ,company1 s*ool (3 ,close ord] drill-- ,alignm5ts1 #adf ,cossack po/1 #bae ,c\rse 9 small-arms fir+1 #bdc ,c\rtesies 9 conv]sation1 #ah ,c\rtesy1 milit>y1 #ac ,engli%-,fr5* vocabul>ies1 #cga ,equipm5t3 ,assembl+1 #cc ,"p (1 #cc ,fac+s1 #fa ,feet1 c>e (1 #dg ,field kit1 #cj ,field s]vice3 ,outpo/s-- ,combat1 #aha ,pr9ciples ( ,infantry tra9+1 #ahj ,fire3 ,control1 #aib ,direction1 #aia ,discipl9e1 #aib ,ranges1 #aic ,fir+ ) re/s1 #bdc ,fir/-aid rules1 #cch ,flank gu>ds1 #bac ,=age ration1 #da ,=m = la/ w & te/am5t1 #chi ,fr5*-,engli% vocabul>y1 #cga ,gu>d duty 7extracts f ,manual ( ,int]ior73 ,classification ( int]ior gu>ds1 #bee ,color s5t9els1 #bga ,comm&] ( ! gu>d1 #beh ,complim5ts f gu>ds1 #bhd ,corporal ( ! gu>d1 #bff ,c\nt]signs1 #bhb ,details1 #bee ,flags1 #bif ,gu>d m\nt+1 #bei ,=mal1 #bef ,in=mal1 #bef ,gu>d patrols1 #bhc ,gu>d+ prison]s1 #bhi ,introduction1 #bed ,musician ( ! gu>d1 #bga ,ord]lies1 #bga ,ord]s = s5t9els1 #bgc ,p>oles1 #bhb ,prison]s1 #bhf ,privates ( ! gu>d1 #bgc ,reliev+ ! old gu>d1 #cjf ,retreat gun1 #bih ,reveille gun1 #bih ,ro/]s1 #bee ,s]geant ( ! gu>d1 #bfc ,wat*m51 #bhc ,gu>d m\nt+1 #bih ,=mal1 #bii ,in=mal1 #big ,hygi5e1 p]sonal1 #dc ,individual cook+1 #cj ,recipes1 #cd ,int]national ,morse code1 #cbg ,laws gov]n+ ,army1 #cej ,l9e ( obs]vation1 #ajb ,load+s & fir+s1 #ie ,loyalty1 #aa ,manual ( arms1 #cj ,manual ( ! ,bayonet4 7,see ,bayonet1 ,manual (47 ,manual ( ,int]ior ,gu>d ,duty4 7,see ,gu>d duty47 ,manual ( ,t5t ,pit*+4 7,see ,t5t ,pit*+1 ,manual (47 ,maps3 ,abbreviations1 #cbc ,cont\rs1 #cac ,datum plane1 #cad ,directions1 #cji ,di/ances1 #cab ,gr\nd =ms1 #caf ,ha*ures1 #cad ,mak+ 7sket*+71 #cbb ,ori5t+1 #caa ,read+1 #cac ,ridges1 #cag ,scales1 #cac ,signs1 #cbc ,slopes1 #cae ,/ream l9es1 #cai ,valleys1 #caf ,v]tical int]vals1 #cae ,m>*+1 #bbc ,prep>ation =1 #bbc ,m>kman%ip1 prelim9>y tra9+1 #bcc ,message blanks1 #bce ,metal f\l+ solution = clean+ rifle1 #bf ,milit>y c\rtesy1 #ac ,morse1 int]national code4 7,see ,g5]al s]vice code47 ,national an!m1 #ag ,noncommission$ (fic]s3 ,corporal ( gu>d1 #ceb ,insignia1 #cec ,prec$5ce1 #ceb ,rank1 #cec ,s]geant ( gu>d1 #ceb ,oa? ( enli/m5t1 #i ,ob$i5ce1 #i ,obs]vation1 l9e (4 7,see ,l9e ( obs]vation47 ,(fic]s3 ,insignia1 #cec ,prec$5ce1 #ceb ,rank1 #cec ,ori5t+ maps1 #caa ,outgu>ds1 #bae ,outpo/s1 #bac ,pack1 #ce ,close1 #ce ,op51 #ce ,patroll+1 #aii ,patrols3 ,advance gu>ds1 #baj ,outpo/s1 #bac ,p]sonal hygi5e1 #dc ,pickets1 #bae ,pi/ol3 ,clean+1 #ajd ,practice1 #ajd ,rations3 ,c>ri$ on p]son1 #cg ,cook+1 #cg ,em]g5cy1 #da ,=age1 #da ,gra91 #db ,k9ds (1 #ch ,read+ maps1 #cji ,re> gu>ds1 #cab ,regulations gov]n+ ,army1 #cej ,rifle3 ,aim+1 #bdb ,c>e (1 #bda ,clean+1 #bdb ,coord9ation 9 fir+1 #bda ,tr5*es1 #bai ,salutes3 ,h&1 #ad ,rifle1 #ad ,sab]1 #ae ,s5t9els1 #af ,salut+1 #ac ,rules gov]n+1 #ae ,scales on maps1 #cbd ,soda solution = clean+ rifle1 #bf ,soldi]1 s*ool (3 ,duties ( in/ructor1 #eg ,eyes "r or left1 #fa ,fac+s1 #fa ,in/ruction )\t arms1 #eh ,manual ( arms1 #cj ,position ( ! soldi] on att5tion1 #ei ,rifle salute1 #ga ,salute ) ! h&1 #ad ,salute ) sab]1 #af ,/eps & m>*+s1 #fa ,back /ep1 #fd ,*ange /ep1 #fe ,quick "t1 #fb ,side /ep1 #fc ,! half /ep1 #fc ,to halt1 #fd ,to m>* by ! flank1 #fd ,to m>* to ! re>1 #fd ,to m>k "t1 #fc ,! bayonet1 #ge ,! inspection1 #gb ,! re/s1 #gj ,to dismiss ! squad1 #gb ,solutions = clean+ rifle1 #bf ,squad1 s*ool (3 ,alignm5ts1 #adf ,in/ruction1 #gd ,kneel+ & ly+ d[n1 #gd ,load+s & fir+s1 #ie ,obs]vation1 #ajb ,! assembly1 #agb ,! oblique m>*1 #aeh ,! use ( cov]1 #aja ,to cease fir+1 #ajj ,to deploy z skirmi%]s1 #afi ,to fire at w1 #ii ,to fire by clip1 #ii ,to fire by volley1 #ih ,to =m squad1 #adb ,to load1 #if ,to set ! sight1 #ih ,to /ack & take arms1 #gc ,to susp5d fir+1 #ii ,to take int]vals & di/ance1 #fe ,to unload1 #ig ,/eps & m>*+s1 #fa ,subsi/5ce4 7,see ,rations47 ,surplus kit1 #cb ,swabb+ solution = clean+ rifle1 #bf ,t>get practice3 ,advice to riflem51 #bda ,aim+ rifle1 #bce ,battle sight1 #bcf ,call+ ! %ot1 #bdj ,coord9ation1 #bda ,fir+ positions1 #bch ,prelim9>y tra9+ 9 m>kman%ip1 #bcc ,sight adju/m5t1 #bcc ,table ( sight corrections1 #bce ,t>gets1 #bdd ,! c\rse 9 small-arms fir+1 #bdc ,trigg] squeeze1 #bcg ,t>gets1 #bdd ,t5t ,pit*+1 ,manual (3 ,conical wall t5t1 #agg ,fold+ t5ts1 #agh ,pit* all type ,army t5ts 7except %elt] & conical wall t5ts71 #agf ,/rik+ t5ts1 #agh ,trigg] squeeze1 #bcg ,two-arm semaphore code1 #bca ,uni=ms1 #bg ,c>e (1 #bg ,dispos+ (1 #bg ,dress1 #bh ,full dress1 #bh ,h[ worn1 #bh ,s]vice1 #bh ,use ( cov]1 #aja ,visual signal+ 7see ,signals73 ,9 g5]al1 #cbh ,flag1 #cbi ,vocabul>y--,engli%-,fr5*1 #cia ,transcrib]'s note3 ,obvi\s pr9t]'s errors h be5 correct$4 ,hyph5ation & acc5tuation h be5 /&>dis$1 all o!r inconsi/5cies are z 9 ! orig9al4 ,! au?or's spell+ has be5 ma9ta9$4 ,bold text is m>k$ ) 4