,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,greek words 9 ?is text h be5 translit]at$ & plac$ betwe5 plus signs4 ,words 9 italics 9 ! orig9al are surr\nd$ by und]scores4 ,a r[ ( a/]isks repres5ts a ?\ght break4 ,v>iations 9 spell+ & hyph5ation h be5 left z 9 ! orig9al4 ,words ) & )\t acc5ts appe> z 9 ! orig9al4 ,9 ?is text1 semi-colons & colons are us$ indiscrim9ately4 ,!y appe> z 9 ! orig9al4 ,ellipses mat* ! orig9al4 ,a few typographical errors h be5 correct$4 ,a complete li/ foll[s ! text4 ,,an ,,essay ,,on ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,*ri/ian ,,doctr9e4 ,,by ,,john ,,h5ry ,,c>d9al ,,newman4 ,,six? ,,edition ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,notre ,,dame ,,press ,,notre ,,dame1 ,,indiana ,,to ,,! ,,rev4 ,,samuel ,,william ,,wayte1 ,b4,d4 ,,presid5t ,,( ,,tr9ity ,,college1 ,,ox=d4 ,,my ,,de> ,,presid5t1 ,n f any special int]e/ :i* ,i anticipate y w take 9 ?is ,volume1 or any sympa?y y w feel 9 its argum5t1 or intr9sic fitness ( any k9d 9 my associat+ y & y\r ,fell[s ) x1-- ,b1 because ,i h no?+ besides x to (f] y1 9 tok5 ( my s5se ( ! graci\s complim5t :i* y & !y h paid me 9 mak+ me once m a ,memb] ( a ,college de> to me f ,und]graduate memories2-- ,also1 because ( ! happy co9cid5ce1 t :]eas its fir/ publication 0 contemporane\s ) my leav+ ,ox=d1 its second becomes1 by virtue ( y\r act1 contemporane\s ) a recov]y ( my position !re3-- ,!re=e x is t1 )\t y\r leave or y\r responsibility1 ,i take ! bold /ep ( plac+ y\r "n 9 ! fir/ pages ( :at1 at my age1 ,i mu/ consid] ! la/ pr9t or repr9t on :i* ,i %all ev] be engag$4 ,i am1 my de> ,presid5t1 ,mo/ s9c]ely y\rs1 ,,john ,h4 ,,newman4 ,febru>y #bc1 #ahgh4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,edition ,,( #ahgh4 ,! foll[+ pages 7 n 9 ! fir/ in/ance writt5 to prove ! div9ity ( ! ,ca?olic ,religion1 ?\gh ultimately !y furni% a positive argum5t 9 its behalf1 b to expla9 c]ta9 difficulties 9 its hi/ory1 felt be=e n[ by ! au?or himself1 & commonly insi/$ on by ,prote/ants 9 controv]sy1 z s]v+ to blunt ! =ce ( its prim facie & g5]al claims on our recognition4 ,h[ev] beautiful & promis+ t ,religion is 9 !ory1 its hi/ory1 we are told1 is its be/ refutation2 ! inconsi/5cies1 f\nd age aft] age 9 its tea*+1 be+ z pat5t z ! simultane\s contr>ieties ( religi\s op9ion manife/ 9 ! ,high1 ,l[1 & ,broad bran*es ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,9 reply to ?is speci\s objection1 x is ma9ta9$ 9 ?is ,essay t1 grant+ t "s l>ge v>iations ( tea*+ 9 its long c\rse ( #ahjj ye>s exi/1 nev]!less1 ^!1 on exam9ation1 w be f\nd to arise f ! nature ( ! case1 & to proce$ on a law1 & ) a h>mony & a def9ite drift1 & ) an analogy to ,scripture revelations1 :i*1 in/ead ( tell+ to _! disadvantage1 actually con/itute an argum5t 9 _! fav\r1 z witness+ to a sup]9t5d+ ,provid5ce & a great ,design 9 ! mode & 9 ! circum/ances ( _! occurr5ce4 ,p]haps 8 confid5ce 9 ! tru? & availabl5ess ( ?is view has sometimes l$ ! au?or to be c>eless & ov]-lib]al 9 8 concessions to ,prote/ants ( hi/orical fact4 ,if ?is be s any:]e1 he begs ! read] 9 su* cases to und]/& him z speak+ hypo!tically1 & 9 ! s5se ( an argum5tum ad hom9em & =tiori4 ,nor is su* hypo!tical reason+ out ( place 9 a publication :i* is address$1 n to !ologians1 b to ^? :o z yet are n ev5 ,ca?olics1 & :o1 z !y read hi/ory1 w\ld sc(f at any def5ce ( ,ca?olic doctr9e :i* did n g ! l5g? ( cov]+ admissions 9 matt]s ( fact z broad z ^? :i* are "h v5tur$ on4 ,9 ?is new ,edition ( ! ,essay v>i\s important alt]ations h be5 made 9 ! arrangem5t ( its sep>ate p>ts1 & "s1 n inde$ 9 its matt]1 b 9 its text4 ,febru>y #b1 #ahgh4 ,,adv]tisem5t ,,to ,,! ,,fir/ ,,edition4 ,,oculi ,,mei ,,defec]unt ,,9 ,,salut>e ,,tuum4 ,x is n[ above elev5 ye>s s9ce ! writ] ( ! foll[+ pages1 9 "o ( ! e>ly ,numb]s ( ! ,tracts = ! ,times1 express$ himself ?us3-- ,consid]+ ! high gifts1 & ! /rong claims ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome & h] dep5d5cies on our admiration1 rev]5ce1 love1 & gratitude1 h[ c\ld we )/& h]1 z we d2 h[ c\ld we refra9 f be+ melt$ into t5d]ness1 & ru%+ into communion ) h]1 b = ! words ( ,tru?1 :i* bid u pref] ,itself to ! :ole _w8 ',he t love? fa!r or "m m ?an ,me1 is n wor?y ( ,me4' ,h[ c\ld we le>n to be sev]e1 & execute judgm5t1 b = ! w>n+ ( ,moses aga9/ ev5 a div9ely-gift$ tea*] :o %\ld prea* new gods1 & ! ana!ma ( ,/4 ,paul ev5 aga9/ ,angels & ,apo/les :o %\ld br+ 9 a new doctr9e8ix-#a ,he little ?\ght1 :5 he s wrote1 t ! "t w\ld ev] come :5 he %\ld feel ! ob/acle1 :i* he spoke ( z ly+ 9 ! way ( communion ) ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 to be de/itute ( solid f\ndation4 ,! foll[+ "w is direct$ t[>ds its removal4 ,hav+1 9 =m] publications1 call$ att5tion to ! suppos$ difficulty1 he consid]s himself b\nd to av[ 8 pres5t belief t x is imag9>y4 ,he has nei!r ! ability to put out ( h& a f9i%$ composition1 nor ! wi% to make a p[]ful & mov+ repres5tation1 on ! great subject ( :i* he treats4 ,8 aim w be answ]$1 if he succe$s 9 sugge/+ ?\ghts1 :i* 9 ,god's good "t may quietly be> fruit1 9 ! m9ds ( ^? to :om t subject is new2 & :i* may c>ry =w>d inquir]s1 :o h already put !mselves on ! c\rse4 ,if at times 8 tone appe>s positive or p]emptory1 he hopes ?is w be imput$ to ! sci5tific "* ( ! ,"w1 :i* requires a di/9ct /atem5t ( pr9ciples1 & ( ! argum5ts :i* recomm5d !m4 ,he hopes too he %all be excus$ = 8 frequ5t quotations f himself2 :i* are necess>y 9 ord] to %[ h[ he /&s at pres5t 9 relation to v>i\s ( 8 =m] ,publications4 99 99 99 ,,littlemore1 ,octob] #f1 #ahde4 ,,po/script4 ,s9ce ! above 0 writt51 ! ,au?or has jo9$ ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,x 0 8 int5tion & wi% to h c>ri$ 8 ,volume ?r\gh ! ,press be=e decid+ f9ally on ?is /ep4 ,b :5 he _h got "s way 9 ! pr9t+1 he recogniz$ 9 himself a conviction ( ! tru? ( ! conclusion to :i* ! discussion leads1 s cle> z to sup]s$e fur!r delib]ation4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds circum/ances gave him ! opportunity ( act+ ^u x1 & he felt t he _h no w>rant = refus+ to d s4 ,8 fir/ act on 8 conv]sion 0 to (f] 8 ,"w = revision to ! prop] au?orities2 b ! (f] 0 decl9$ on ! gr\nd t x 0 writt5 & p>tly pr9t$ be=e he 0 a ,ca?olic1 & t x w\ld come be=e ! read] 9 a m p]suasive =m1 if he read x z ! au?or wrote x4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to add t he n[ submits e "p ( ! book to ! judgm5t ( ! ,*ur*1 ) ^: doctr9e1 on ! subjects ( :i* he treats1 he wi%es all 8 ?\ghts to be co9cid5t4 ,,footnotes3 ix-#a ,records ( ! ,*ur*1 xxiv4 p4 #g4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,doctr9al ,,developm5ts ,,view$ ,,9 ,,!mselves4 ,,page ,,introduction #c ,,*apt] ,i4 ,! ,developm5t ( ,ideas #cc ,section #a4 ,! ,process ( ,developm5t 9 ,ideas #cc ,section #b4 ,! ,k9ds ( ,developm5t 9 ,ideas #da ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,! ,antec$5t ,argum5t 9 behalf ( ,developm5ts 9 ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e #ee ,section #a4 ,developm5ts to be expect$ #ee ,section #b4 ,an infallible ,develop+ ,au?ority to be expect$ #ge ,section #c4 ,! exi/+ ,developm5ts ( ,doctr9e ! probable ,fulfilm5t ( t ,expectation #ib ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! ,hi/orical ,argum5t 9 behalf ( ! exi/+ ,developm5ts #ii ,section #a4 ,me?od ( ,pro( #ii ,section #b4 ,/ate ( ! ,evid5ce #aaj ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,in/ances 9 ,illu/ration #abb ,section #a4 ,in/ances cursorily notic$ #abc #a4 ,canon ( ! ,new ,te/am5t #abc #b4 ,orig9al ,s9 #abf #c4 ,infant ,baptism #abg #d4 ,communion 9 "o k9d #abi #e4 ,! ,homosion #acc ,section #b4 ,our ,"l's ,inc>nation1 & ! dignity ( ,8 ,"m & ( all ,sa9ts #ace ,section #c4 ,papal ,supremacy #adh ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,doctr9al ,,developm5ts ,,view$ ,,relatively ,,to ,,doctr9al ,,corruptions4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,g5u9e ,developm5ts contra/$ ) ,corruptions #afi ,section #a4 ,fir/ ,note ( a g5u9e ,developm5t ( an ,idea3 ,pres]vation ( its ,type #aga ,section #b4 ,second ,note3 ,cont9uity ( its ,pr9ciples #agh ,section #c4 ,?ird ,note3 ,its ,p[] ( ,assimilation #ahe ,section #d4 ,f\r? ,note3 ,its ,logical ,sequ5ce #ahi ,section #e4 ,fif? ,note3 ,anticipation ( its ,future #aie ,section #f4 ,six? ,note3 ,cons]vative ,action ^u its ,pa/ #aii ,section #g4 ,sev5? ,note3 ,its ,*ronic ,vig\r #bjc ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,application ( ! ,fir/ ,note ( a true ,developm5t to ! ,exi/+ ,developm5ts ( ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e3 ,pres]vation ( its ,type #bjg ,section #a4 ,! ,*ur* ( ! ,fir/ ,c5turies #bjh ,section #b4 ,! ,*ur* ( ! ,f\r? ,c5tury #bdh ,section #c4 ,! ,*ur* ( ! ,fif? & ,six? ,c5turies #bgc ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,application ( ! ,second3 ,cont9uity ( its ,pr9ciples #cbc #a4 ,pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity #cbc #b4 ,supremacy ( ,fai? #cbf #c4 ,!ology #ccf #d4 ,scripture & its ,my/ical ,int]pretation #cch #e4 ,dogma #cdf #f4 ,additional ,rem>ks #cec ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,application ( ! ,?ird3 its ,assimilative ,p[] #cee #a4 ,! ,assimilat+ ,p[] ( ,dogmatic ,tru? #ceg #b4 ,! ,assimilat+ ,p[] ( ,sacram5tal ,grace #cfh ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,application ( ! ,f\r?3 its ,logical ,sequ5ce #chc #a4 ,p>dons #chd #b4 ,p5ances #che #c4 ,satisfactions #chf #d4 ,purgatory #chh #e4 ,m]itori\s ,works #cic #f4 ,! ,mona/ic ,rule #cie ,,*apt] ,x4 ,application ( ! ,fif?3 ,anticipation ( its ,future #djj #a4 ,resurrection & ,relics #dja #b4 ,! ,virg9 ,life #djg #c4 ,cultus ( ,sa9ts & ,angels #daj #d4 ,(fice ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 #dae ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,application ( ! ,six?3 ,cons]vative ,action on its ,pa/ #dai ,section #a4 ,in/ances cursorily notic$ #dbj ,section #b4 ,devotion to ! ,bless$ ,virg9 #dbe ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,application ( ! ,sev5?3 its ,*ronic ,vig\r #dcg ,,conclusion #dde ,,"p ,i4 ,,doctr9al ,,developm5ts ,,view$ ,,9 ,,!mselves4 ,,introduction4 ,*ri/ianity has be5 long en\gh 9 ! _w to ju/ify u 9 deal+ ) x z a fact 9 ! _w's hi/ory4 ,its g5ius & "*1 its doctr9es1 precepts1 & objects _c be treat$ z matt]s ( private op9ion or d$uction1 unless we may reasonably s reg>d ! ,sp>tan in/itutions or ! religion ( ,mahomet4 ,x may inde$ legitimately be made ! subject-matt] ( !ories2 :at is its moral & political excell5ce1 :at its due location 9 ! range ( ideas or ( facts :i* we possess1 :e!r x be div9e or human1 :e!r orig9al or eclectic1 or bo? at once1 h[ f> fav\rable to civilization or to lit]ature1 :e!r a religion = all ages or = a p>ticul> /ate ( society1 ^! are que/ions ^u ! fact1 or pr(ess$ solutions ( ! fact1 & belong to ! prov9ce ( op9ion2 b to a fact d !y relate1 on an admitt$ fact d !y turn1 :i* mu/ be asc]ta9$ z o!r facts1 & surely has on ! :ole be5 s asc]ta9$1 unless ! te/imony ( s _m c5turies is to g = no?+4 ,*ri/ianity is no !ory ( ! /udy or ! cloi/]4 ,x has long s9ce pass$ beyond ! lett] ( docum5ts & ! reason+s ( individual m9ds1 & has become public prop]ty4 ,its s\nd has gone out into all l&s1 & its words unto ! ends ( ! _w4 ,x has f ! fir/ _h an objective exi/5ce1 & has ?r[n itself ^u ! great conc\rse ( m54 ,its home is 9 ! _w2 & to "k :at x is1 we mu/ seek x 9 ! _w1 & he> ! _w's witness ( x4 #b4 ,! hypo!sis1 inde$1 has met ) wide reception 9 ^! latt] times1 t ,*ri/ianity does n fall )9 ! prov9ce ( hi/ory1--t x is to ea* man :at ea* man ?9ks x to be1 & no?+ else2 & ?us 9 fact is a m]e "n = a clu/] or family ( rival religions all toge!r1 religions at v>iance "o ) ano!r1 & claim+ ! same appellation1 n because !re c be assign$ any "o & ! same doctr9e z ! common f\ndation ( all1 b because c]ta9 po9ts ( agreem5t may be f\nd "h & !re ( "s sort or o!r1 by :i* ea* 9 its turn is connect$ ) "o or o!r ( ! re/4 ,or aga91 x has be5 ma9ta9$1 or impli$1 t all exi/+ d5om9ations ( ,*ri/ianity are wrong1 none repres5t+ x z taught by ,*ri/ & ,8 ,apo/les2 t ! orig9al religion has gradually decay$ or become hopelessly corrupt2 nay t x di$ out ( ! _w at its bir?1 & 0 =?) succe$$ by a c\nt]feit or c\nt]feits :i* assum$ its "n1 ?\gh !y inh]it$ at be/ b "s fragm5ts ( its tea*+2 or r t x _c ev5 be said ei!r to h decay$ or to h di$1 because hi/orically x has no sub/ance ( its own1 b f ! fir/ & onw>ds x has1 on ! /age ( ! _w1 be5 no?+ m ?an a m]e assemblage ( doctr9es & practices d]iv$ f )\t1 f ,ori5tal1 ,platonic1 ,poly!i/ic s\rces1 f ,buddhism1 ,ess5ism1 ,mani*eeism2 or t1 all[+ true ,*ri/ianity /ill to exi/1 x has b a hidd5 & isolat$ life1 9 ! he>ts ( ! elect1 or aga9 z a lit]ature or philosophy1 n c]tifi$ 9 any way1 mu* less gu>ante$1 to come f above1 b "o out ( ! v>i\s sep>ate in=mations ab\t ! ,supreme ,be+ & human duty1 ) :i* an unkn[n ,provid5ce _h furni%$ u1 :e!r 9 nature or 9 ! _w4 #c4 ,all su* views ( ,*ri/ianity imply t !re is no suffici5t body ( hi/orical pro( to int]f]e )1 or at lea/ to prevail aga9/1 any numb] :atev] ( free & indep5d5t hypo!ses conc]n+ x4 ,b ?is surely is n self-evid5t1 & has itself to be prov$4 ,till positive reasons gr\nd$ on facts are adduc$ to ! contr>y1 ! mo/ natural hypo!ses1 ! mo/ agreeable to our mode ( proce$+ 9 p>allel cases1 & t :i* takes prec$5ce ( all o!rs1 is to consid] t ! society ( ,*ri/ians1 :i* ! ,apo/les left on e>?1 7 ( t religion to :i* ! ,apo/les _h conv]t$ !m2 t ! ext]nal cont9uity ( "n1 pr(ession1 & communion1 argues a real cont9uity ( doctr9e2 t1 z ,*ri/ianity began by manife/+ itself z ( a c]ta9 %ape & be>+ to all mank9d1 !re=e x w5t on s to manife/ itself2 & t ! m1 consid]+ t prophecy _h already det]m9$ t x 0 to be a p[] visible 9 ! _w & sov]eign ov] x1 *>act]s :i* are accurately fulfill$ 9 t hi/orical ,*ri/ianity to :i* we commonly give ! "n4 ,x is n a viol5t assumption1 !n1 b r m]e ab/95ce f ! wanton admission ( a pr9ciple :i* w\ld necess>ily lead to ! mo/ vexati\s & prepo/]\s scepticism1 to take x = grant$1 be=e pro( to ! contr>y1 t ! ,*ri/ianity ( ! second1 f\r?1 sev5?1 twelf?1 sixte5?1 & int]m$iate c5turies is 9 its sub/ance ! v religion :i* ,*ri/ & ,8 ,apo/les taught 9 ! fir/1 :atev] may be ! modifications = good or = evil :i* lapse ( ye>s1 or ! vicissitudes ( human affairs1 h impress$ ^u x4 ,( c\rse ,i d n d5y ! ab/ract possibility ( extreme *anges4 ,! sub/itution is c]ta9ly1 9 idea1 supposable ( a c\nt]feit ,*ri/ianity1--sup]s$+ ! orig9al1 by means ( ! adroit innovations ( seasons1 places1 & p]sons1 till1 accord+ to ! famili> illu/ration1 ! blade & ! h&le are alt]nately r5ew$1 & id5tity is lo/ )\t ! loss ( cont9uity4 ,x is possible2 b x mu/ n be assum$4 ,! onus prob&i is ) ^? :o ass]t :at x is unnatural to expect2 to be j able to d\bt is no w>rant = disbeliev+4 #d4 ,accord+ly1 "s writ]s h gone on to give reasons f hi/ory = _! refus+ to appeal to hi/ory4 ,!y av] t1 :5 !y come to look into ! docum5ts & lit]ature ( ,*ri/ianity 9 times pa/1 !y f9d its doctr9es s v>i\sly repres5t$1 & s inconsi/5tly ma9ta9$ by its pr(essors1 t1 h[ev] natural x be priori1 x is useless1 9 fact1 to seek 9 hi/ory ! matt] ( t ,revelation :i* has be5 v\*saf$ to mank9d2 t !y _c be hi/orical ,*ri/ians if !y w\ld4 ,!y say1 9 ! words ( ,*ill+wor?1 ,!re are popes aga9/ popes1 c\ncils aga9/ c\ncils1 "s fa!rs aga9/ o!rs1 ! same fa!rs aga9/ !mselves1 a cons5t ( fa!rs ( "o age aga9/ a cons5t ( fa!rs ( ano!r age1 ! ,*ur* ( "o age aga9/ ! ,*ur* ( ano!r age3--,h5ce !y are =c$1 :e!r !y w or n1 to fall back ^u ! ,bible z ! sole s\rce ( ,revelation1 & ^u _! own p]sonal private judgm5t z ! sole exp\nd] ( its doctr9e4 ,?is is a fair argum5t1 if x c be ma9ta9$1 & x br+s me at once to ! subject ( ?is ,essay4 ,n t x ent]s into my purpose to convict ( mis/atem5t1 z might be done1 ea* sep>ate clause ( ?is sweep+ accusation ( a sm>t b sup]ficial writ]2 b nei!r on ! o!r h& d ,i mean to d5y ev]y?+ t he says to ! disadvantage ( hi/orical ,*ri/ianity4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i %all admit t !re are 9 fact c]ta9 app>5t v>iations 9 its tea*+1 :i* h to be expla9$2 ?us ,i %all beg91 b !n ,i %all attempt to expla9 !m to ! exculpation ( t tea*+ 9 po9t ( unity1 directness1 & consi/5cy4 #e4 ,mean:ile1 be=e sett+ ab\t ?is "w1 ,i w address "o rem>k to ,*ill+wor? & 8 fri5ds3--,let !m consid]1 t if !y c criticize hi/ory1 ! facts ( hi/ory c]ta9ly c retort ^u !m4 ,x might1 ,i grant1 be cle>] on ?is great subject ?an x is4 ,?is is no great concession4 ,hi/ory is n a cre$ or a cate*ism1 x gives lessons r ?an rules2 /ill no "o c mi/ake its g5]al tea*+ 9 ?is matt]1 :e!r he accept x or /umble at x4 ,bold outl9es & broad masses ( col\r rise out ( ! records ( ! pa/4 ,!y may be dim1 !y may be incomplete2 b !y are def9ite4 ,& ?is "o ?+ at lea/ is c]ta92 :atev] hi/ory tea*es1 :atev] x omits1 :atev] x exagg]ates or ext5uates1 :atev] x says & unsays1 at lea/ ! ,*ri/ianity ( hi/ory is n ,prote/antism4 ,if ev] !re 7 a safe tru?1 x is ?is4 ,& ,prote/antism has ev] felt x s4 ,i d n mean t e writ] on ! ,prote/ant side has felt x2 = x 0 ! fa%ion at fir/1 at lea/ z a rhetorical argum5t aga9/ ,rome1 to appeal to pa/ ages1 or to "s ( !m2 b ,prote/antism1 z a :ole1 feels x1 & has felt x4 ,?is is %[n 9 ! det]m9ation already ref]r$ to ( disp5s+ ) hi/orical ,*ri/ianity altoge!r1 & ( =m+ a ,*ri/ianity f ! ,bible alone3 m5 nev] w\ld h put x aside1 unless !y _h despair$ ( x4 ,x is %[n by ! long neglect ( ecclesia/ical hi/ory 9 ,engl&1 :i* prevails ev5 9 ! ,engli% ,*ur*4 ,our popul> religion sc>cely recognizes ! fact ( ! twelve long ages :i* lie betwe5 ! ,c\ncils ( ,nica & ,tr5t1 except z af=d+ "o or two passages to illu/rate its wild int]pretations ( c]ta9 prophesies ( ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,john4 ,x is melan*oly to say x1 b ! *ief1 p]haps ! only ,engli% writ] :o has any claim to be consid]$ an ecclesia/ical hi/orian1 is ! unbeliev] ,gibbon4 ,to be deep 9 hi/ory is to cease to be a ,prote/ant4 #f4 ,& ?is utt] incongruity betwe5 ,prote/antism & hi/orical ,*ri/ianity is a pla9 fact1 :e!r ! latt] be reg>d$ 9 its e>li] or 9 its lat] c5turies4 ,prote/ants c z little be> its ,ante-nic5e z its ,po/-trid5t9e p]iod4 ,i h else:]e obs]v$ on ?is circum/ance3 ,s mu* mu/ ! ,prote/ant grant t1 if su* a sy/em ( doctr9e z he w\ld n[ introduce ev] exi/$ 9 e>ly times1 x has be5 clean swept away z if by a deluge1 sudd5ly1 sil5tly1 & )\t memorial2 by a deluge com+ 9 a night1 & utt]ly soak+1 rott+1 heav+ up1 & hurry+ (f e ve/ige ( :at x f\nd 9 ! ,*ur*1 be=e cock-cr[+3 s t ':5 !y rose 9 ! morn+' h] true se$ '7 all dead corpses'--,nay dead & buri$--& )\t grave/one4 ',! wat]s w5t ov] !m2 !re 0 n "o ( !m left2 !y sunk l lead 9 ! mighty wat]s4' ,/range antitype1 inde$1 to ! e>ly =tunes ( ,israel6--!n ! enemy 0 dr[n$1 & ',israel saw !m dead ^u ! sea-%ore4' ,b n[1 x w\ld seem1 wat] proce$$ z a flood 'out ( ! s]p5t's m\?1' & cov]$ all ! witnesses1 s t n ev5 _! dead bodies lay 9 ! /reets ( ! great city4' ,let him take :i* ( 8 doctr9es he w1 8 peculi> view ( self-righte\sness1 ( =mality1 ( sup]/ition2 8 notion ( fai?1 or ( spirituality 9 religi\s wor%ip2 8 d5ial ( ! virtue ( ! sacram5ts1 or ( ! m9i/]ial commission1 or ( ! visible ,*ur*2 or 8 doctr9e ( ! div9e efficacy ( ! ,scriptures z ! "o appo9t$ in/rum5t ( religi\s tea*+2 & let him consid] h[ f> ,antiquity1 z x has come d[n to u1 w c\nt5ance him 9 x4 ,no2 he mu/ all[ t ! alleg$ deluge has done its "w2 yes1 & has 9 turn disappe>$ itself2 x has be5 swall[$ up by ! e>?1 m]cilessly z itself 0 m]ciless4#i3a ,t ,prote/antism1 !n1 is n ! ,*ri/ianity ( hi/ory1 x is easy to det]m9e1 b to retort is a poor reply 9 controv]sy to a "q ( fact1 & :atev] be ! viol5ce or ! exagg]ation ( writ]s l ,*ill+wor?1 if !y h rais$ a real difficulty1 x may claim a real answ]1 & we mu/ det]m9e :e!r on ! "o h& ,*ri/ianity is /ill to repres5t to u a def9ite tea*+ f above1 or :e!r on ! o!r its utt]ances h be5 f "t to "t s /rangely at v>iance1 t we are necess>ily ?r[n back on our own judgm5t individually to det]m9e1 :at ! revelation ( ,god is1 or r if 9 fact !re is1 or has be51 any revelation at all4 #g4 ,"h !n ,i conc$e to ! oppon5ts ( hi/orical ,*ri/ianity1 t !re are to be f\nd1 dur+ ! #ahjj ye>s ?r\gh :i* x has la/$1 c]ta9 app>5t inconsi/5cies & alt]ations 9 its doctr9e & its wor%ip1 su* z irresi/ibly attract ! att5tion ( all :o inquire into x4 ,!y are n suffici5t to int]f]e ) ! g5]al "* & c\rse ( ! religion1 b !y raise ! "q h[ !y came ab\t1 & :at !y mean1 & h 9 consequ5ce suppli$ matt] = sev]al hypo!ses4 ,( ^! "o is to ! effect t ,*ri/ianity has ev5 *ang$ f ! fir/ & ev] accommodates itself to ! circum/ances ( times & seasons2 b x is difficult to und]/& h[ su* a view is compatible ) ! special idea ( reveal$ tru?1 & 9 fact its advocates m or less ab&on1 or t5d to ab&on ! sup]natural claims ( ,*ri/ianity2 s x ne$ n deta9 u "h4 ,a second & m plausible hypo!sis is t ( ! ,anglican div9es1 :o reconcile & br+ into %ape ! exub]ant ph5om5a "u consid]ation1 by cutt+ (f & ca/+ away z corruptions all usages1 ways1 op9ions1 & t5ets1 :i* h n ! sanction ( primitive times4 ,!y ma9ta9 t hi/ory fir/ pres5ts to u a pure ,*ri/ianity 9 ,ea/ & ,we/1 & !n a corrupt2 & !n ( c\rse _! duty is to draw ! l9e betwe5 :at is corrupt & :at is pure1 & to det]m9e ! dates at :i* ! v>i\s *anges f good to bad 7 introduc$4 ,su* a pr9ciple ( dem>cation1 available = ! purpose1 !y consid] !y h f\nd 9 ! dictum ( ,v9c5t ( ,l]9s1 t reveal$ & ,apo/olic doctr9e is quod semp]1 quod ubique1 quod ab omnibus1 a pr9ciple infallibly sep>at+1 on ! :ole field ( hi/ory1 au?oritative doctr9e f op9ion1 reject+ :at is faulty1 & comb9+ & =m+ a !ology4 ,t ,*ri/ianity is :at has be5 held always1 ev]y:]e1 & by all1 c]ta9ly promises a solution ( ! p]plexities1 an int]pretation ( ! mean+1 ( hi/ory4 ,:at c be m natural ?an t div9es & bodies ( m5 %\ld speak1 sometimes f !mselves1 sometimes f tradition8 :at m natural ?an t individually !y %\ld say _m ?+s on impulse1 or "u excitem5t1 or z conjectures1 or 9 ignorance8 :at m c]ta9 ?an t !y mu/ all h be5 in/ruct$ & cate*iz$ 9 ! ,cre$ ( ! ,apo/les8 :at m evid5t ?an t :at 0 _! own w\ld 9 its degree be peculi>1 & diff] f :at 0 simil>ly private & p]sonal 9 _! bre?r58 :at m conclusive ?an t ! doctr9e t 0 common to all at once 0 n really _! own1 b public prop]ty 9 :i* !y _h a jo9t int]e/1 & 0 prov$ by ! concurr5ce ( s _m witnesses to h come f an ,apo/olical s\rce8 ,"h1 !n1 we h a %ort & easy me?od = br++ ! v>i\s in=mations ( ecclesia/ical hi/ory "u t antec$5t probability 9 its fav\r1 :i* no?+ b its actual v>iations w\ld lead u to neglect4 ,"h we h a precise & satisfactory reason :y we %\ld make mu* ( ! e>li] c5turies1 yet pay no reg>d to ! lat]1 :y we %\ld admit "s doctr9es & n o!rs1 :y we refuse ! ,cre$ ( ,pius ,,iv4 & accept ! ,?irty-n9e ,articles4 #h4 ,su* is ! rule ( hi/orical int]pretation :i* has be5 pr(ess$ 9 ! ,engli% s*ool ( div9es2 & x conta9s a maje/ic tru?1 & (f]s an intelligible pr9ciple1 & we>s a reasonable air4 ,x is cong5ial1 or1 z x may be said1 native to ! ,anglican m9d1 :i* takes up a middle position1 nei!r disc>d+ ! ,fa!rs nor ackn[l$g+ ! ,pope4 ,x lays d[n a simple rule by :i* to measure ! value ( e hi/orical fact1 z x comes1 & !reby x provides a bulw>k aga9/ ,rome1 :ile x op5s an assault ^u ,prote/antism4 ,su* is its promise2 b its difficulty lies 9 apply+ x 9 p>ticul> cases4 ,! rule is m s]viceable 9 det]m9+ :at is n1 ?an :at is ,*ri/ianity2 x is irresi/ible aga9/ ,prote/antism1 & 9 "o s5se inde$ x is irresi/ible aga9/ ,rome also1 b 9 ! same s5se x is irresi/ible aga9/ ,engl&4 ,x /rikes at ,rome ?r\gh ,engl&4 ,x admits ( be+ int]pret$ 9 "o ( two ways3 if x be n>r[$ = ! purpose ( disprov+ ! ca?olicity ( ! ,cre$ ( ,pope ,pius1 x becomes also an objection to ! ,a?anasian2 & if x be relax$ to admit ! doctr9es reta9$ by ! ,engli% ,*ur*1 x no long] excludes c]ta9 doctr9es ( ,rome :i* t ,*ur* d5ies4 ,x _c at once condemn ,/4 ,?omas & ,/4 ,b]n>d1 & def5d ,/4 ,a?anasius & ,/4 ,gregory ,nazianz54 ,?is g5]al defect 9 its s]viceabl5ess has be5 h]et(ore felt by ^? :o appeal$ to x4 ,x 0 said by "o writ]2 ,! ,rule ( ,v9c5t is n ( a ma!matical or demon/rative "*1 b moral1 & requires practical judgm5t & good s5se to apply x4 ,= in/ance1 :at is meant by be+ 'taught always'8 does x mean 9 e c5tury1 or e ye>1 or e mon?8 ,does 'ev]y:]e' mean 9 e c\ntry1 or 9 e diocese8 & does '! ,cons5t ( ,fa!rs' require u to produce ! direct te/imony ( e "o ( !m8 ,h[ _m ,fa!rs1 h[ _m places1 h[ _m in/ances1 con/itute a fulfilm5t ( ! te/ propos$8 ,x is1 !n1 f ! nature ( ! case1 a condition :i* nev] c be satisfi$ z fully z x might h be54 ,x admits ( v>i\s & unequal application 9 v>i\s in/ances2 & :at degree ( application is en\gh1 mu/ be decid$ by ! same pr9ciples :i* guide u 9 ! conduct ( life1 :i* det]m9e u 9 politics1 or trade1 or w>1 :i* lead u to accept ,revelation at all1 7= :i* we h b probability to %[ at mo/17 nay1 to believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( an intellig5t ,creator4#ab3a #i4 ,s mu* 0 all[$ by ?is writ]2 b !n he add$3-- ,?is "*1 inde$1 ( ,v9c5t's ,canon1 w b recomm5d x to ! disciples ( ! s*ool ( ,butl]1 f its agreem5t ) ! analogy ( nature2 b x af=ds a ready loophole = su* z d n wi% to be p]suad$1 ( :i* bo? ,prote/ants & ,romani/s are n sl[ to avail !mselves4 ,?is surely is ! language ( disputants :o are m int5t on assail+ o!rs ?an on def5d+ !mselves2 z if simil> loopholes 7 n necess>y = ,anglican !ology4 ,he else:]e says3 ,:at !re is n ! %ad[ ( a reason = say+ t ! ,fa!rs held1 :at has n ! fa9te/ pret5sions ( be+ a ,ca?olic tru?1 is ?is1 t ,/4 ,pet] or 8 successors 7 & are univ]sal ,bi%ops1 t !y h ! :ole ( ,*ri/5dom = _! "o diocese 9 a way 9 :i* o!r ,apo/les & ,bi%ops _h & h n4#ac3a ,mo/ true1 if1 9 ord] t a doctr9e be consid]$ ,ca?olic1 x mu/ be =mally /at$ by ! ,fa!rs g5]ally f ! v fir/2 b1 on ! same und]/&+1 ! doctr9e also ( ! apo/olical succession 9 ! episcopal ord] has n ! fa9te/ pret5sions ( be+ a ,ca?olic tru?4 ,nor 0 ?is writ] )\t a feel+ ( ! special difficulty ( 8 s*ool2 & he attempt$ to meet x by d5y+ x4 ,he wi%$ to ma9ta9 t ! sacr$ doctr9es admitt$ by ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& into h] ,articles 7 taught 9 primitive times ) a di/9ctness :i* no "o c\ld fancy to atta* to ! *>act]i/ic t5ets ( ,rome4 ,we confid5tly affirm1 he said 9 ano!r publication1 t !re is n an article 9 ! ,a?anasian ,cre$ conc]n+ ! ,inc>nation :i* is n anticipat$ 9 ! controv]sy ) ! ,gno/ics4 ,!re is no "q :i* ! ,apoll9>ian or ! ,ne/orian h]esy rais$1 :i* may n be decid$ 9 ! words ( ,ignatius1 ,ir5u & ,t]tullian4#ac3b #aj4 ,?is may be consid]$ z true4 ,x may be true also1 or at lea/ %all "h be grant$ z true1 t !re is also a cons5sus 9 ! ,ante-nic5e ,*ur* = ! doctr9es ( our ,"l's ,consub/antiality & ,coet]nity ) ! ,almighty ,fa!r4 ,let u all[ t ! :ole circle ( doctr9es1 ( :i* our ,"l is ! subject1 0 consi/5tly & uni=mly confess$ by ! ,primitive ,*ur*1 ?\gh n ratifi$ =mally 9 ,c\ncil4 ,b x surely is o!rwise ) ! ,ca?olic doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,i d n see 9 :at s5se x c be said t !re is a cons5sus ( primitive div9es 9 its fav\r1 :i* w n avail also = c]ta9 doctr9es ( ! ,roman ,*ur* :i* w pres5tly come into m5tion4 ,& ?is is a po9t :i* ! writ] ( ! above passages ought to h m di/9ctly br\ght be=e 8 m9d & m c>efully weigh$2 b he seems to h fanci$ t ,bi%op ,bull prov$ ! primitiv5ess ( ! ,ca?olic doctr9e conc]n+ ! ,holy ,tr9ity z well z t conc]n+ our ,"l4 ,n[ x %\ld be cle>ly und]/ood :at x is :i* mu/ be %[n by ^? :o w\ld prove x4 ,( c\rse ! doctr9e ( our ,"l's div9ity itself p>tly implies & p>tly recomm5ds ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity2 b implication & sugge/ion belong to ano!r class ( argum5ts :i* has n yet come into consid]ation4 ,moreov] ! /atem5ts ( a p>ticul> fa!r or doctor may c]ta9ly be ( a mo/ important "*2 b "o div9e is n equal to a ,cat5a4 ,we mu/ h a :ole doctr9e /at$ by a :ole ,*ur*4 ,! ,ca?olic ,tru? 9 "q is made up ( a numb] ( sep>ate propositions1 ea* ( :i*1 if ma9ta9$ to ! exclusion ( ! re/1 is a h]esy4 ,9 ord] !n to prove t all ! ,ante-nic5e writ]s taught ! dogma ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 x is n en\gh to prove t ea* /ill has gone f> en\gh to be only a h]etic--n en\gh to prove t "o has held t ! ,son is ,god1 7= s did ! ,sabellian1 s did ! ,mac$onian71 & ano!r t ! ,fa!r is n ! ,son1 7= s did ! ,arian71 & ano!r t ! ,son is equal to ! ,fa!r1 7= s did ! ,tri!i/71 & ano!r t !re is b ,"o ,god1 7= s did ! ,unit>ian71--n en\gh t _m atta*$ 9 "s s5se a ,?reefold ,p[] to ! idea ( ! ,almighty1 7= s did almo/ all ! h]esies t ev] exi/$1 & c\ld n b d s1 if !y accept$ ! ,new ,te/am5t at all72 b we mu/ %[ t all ^! /atem5ts at once1 & o!rs too1 are laid d[n by z _m sep>ate te/imonies z may fairly be tak5 to con/itute a cons5sus ( doctors4 ,x is true inde$ t ! subsequ5t pr(ession ( ! doctr9e 9 ! ,univ]sal ,*ur* creates a presumption t x 0 held ev5 be=e x 0 pr(ess$2 & x is fair to int]pret ! e>ly ,fa!rs by ! lat]4 ,?is is true1 & admits ( application to c]ta9 o!r doctr9es besides t ( ! ,bless$ ,tr9ity 9 ,unity2 b !re is z little room = su* antec$5t probabilities z = ! argum5t f sugge/ions & intimations 9 ! precise & imp]ative ,quod semp]1 quod ubique1 quod ab omnibus1 z x is commonly und]/ood by ,engli% div9es1 & is by !m us$ aga9/ ! lat] ,*ur* & ! see ( ,rome4 ,:at we h a "r to ask1 if we are b\nd to act ^u ,v9c5t's rule 9 reg>d to ! ,tr9it>ian dogma1 is a suffici5t numb] ( ,ante-nic5e /atem5ts1 ea* di/9ctly anticipat+ ! ,a?anasian ,cre$4 #aa4 ,n[ let u look at ! lead+ facts ( ! case1 9 appeal+ to :i* ,i mu/ n be suppos$ to be ascrib+ any h]esy to ! holy m5 ^: words h n always be5 suffici5tly full or exact to preclude ! imputation4 ,fir/1 ! ,cre$s ( t e>ly day make no m5tion 9 _! lett] ( ! ,ca?olic doctr9e at all4 ,!y make m5tion inde$ ( a ,?ree2 b t !re is any my/]y 9 ! doctr9e1 t ! ,?ree are ,"o1 t ,!y are coequal1 coet]nal1 all increate1 all omnipot5t1 all incompreh5sible1 is n /at$1 & nev] c\ld be ga!r$ f !m4 ,( c\rse we believe t !y imply x1 or r int5d x4 ,god =bid we %\ld d o!rwise6 ,b no?+ 9 ! m]e lett] ( ^? docum5ts leads to t belief4 ,to give a deep] mean+ to _! lett]1 we mu/ int]pret !m by ! times :i* came aft]4 ,aga91 !re is "o & "o only great doctr9al ,c\ncil 9 ,ante-nic5e times4 ,x 0 held at ,antio*1 9 ! middle ( ! ?ird c5tury1 on occasion ( ! incipi5t innovations ( ! ,syrian h]etical s*ool4 ,n[ ! ,fa!rs !re assembl$1 = :atev] reason1 condemn$1 or at lea/ )drew1 :5 x came into ! dispute1 ! ^w ,homosion1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds receiv$ at ,nica z ! special symbol ( ,ca?olicism aga9/ ,arius4#af3a ,aga91 ! six great ,bi%ops & ,sa9ts ( ! ,ante-nic5e ,*ur* 7 ,/4 ,ir5u1 ,/4 ,hippolytus1 ,/4 ,cyprian1 ,/4 ,gregory ,?aumaturgus1 ,/4 ,dionysius ( ,alex&ria1 & ,/4 ,me?odius4 ,( ^!1 ,/4 ,dionysius is accus$ by ,/4 ,basil ( hav+ s[n ! fir/ se$s ( ,arianism2#af3b & ,/4 ,gregory is all[$ by ! same le>n$ ,fa!r to h us$ language conc]n+ our ,"l1 :i* he only def5ds on ! plea ( an economical object 9 ! writ]4#af3c ,/4 ,hippolytus speaks z if he 7 ignorant ( our ,"l's ,et]nal ,son%ip2#ag3a ,/4 ,me?odius speaks incorrectly at lea/ ^u ! ,inc>nation2#ag3b & ,/4 ,cyprian does n treat ( !ology at all4 ,su* is ! incomplet5ess ( ! extant tea*+ ( ^! true sa9ts1 &1 9 _! day1 fai?ful witnesses ( ! ,et]nal ,son4 ,aga91 ,a!nagoras1 ,/4 ,clem5t1 ,t]tullian1 & ! two ,,ss4 ,dionysii w\ld appe> to be ! only writ]s ^: language is at any "t exact & sy/ematic en\gh to rem9d u ( ! ,a?anasian ,cre$4 ,if we limit our view ( ! tea*+ ( ! ,fa!rs by :at !y expressly /ate1 ,/4 ,ignatius may be consid]$ z a ,patripassian1 ,/4 ,ju/9 arianizes1 & ,/4 ,hippolytus is a ,phot9ian4 ,aga91 !re are ?ree great !ological au?ors ( ! ,ante-nic5e c5turies1 ,t]tullian1 ,orig51 &1 we may add1 ,eusebius1 ?\gh he liv$ "s way into ! f\r?4 ,t]tullian is het]odox on ! doctr9e ( our ,"l's div9ity1#ag3c &1 inde$1 ultimately fell altoge!r into h]esy or s*ism2 ,orig5 is1 at ! v lea/1 suspect$1 & mu/ be def5d$ & expla9$ r ?an cit$ z a witness ( or?odoxy2 & ,eusebius 0 a ,semi-,arian4 #ab4 ,moreov]1 x may be que/ion$ :e!r any ,ante-nic5e fa!r di/9ctly affirms ei!r ! num]ical ,unity or ! ,coequality ( ! ,?ree ,p]sons2 except p]haps ! het]odox ,t]tullian1 & t *iefly 9 a "w writt5 aft] he _h become a ,montani/3#ah3a yet to satisfy ! ,anti-roman use ( ,quod semp]1 c41 surely we ought n to be left = ^! great articles ( doctr9e to ! te/imony ( a lat] age4 ,fur!r1 ,bi%op ,bull all[s t ne>ly all ! anci5t ,ca?olics :o prec$$ ,arius h ! appe>ance ( be+ ignorant ( ! invisible & incompreh5sible 7imm5sam7 nature ( ! ,son ( ,god2#ah3b an article expressly taught 9 ! ,a?anasian ,cre$ "u ! sanction ( its ana!ma4 ,x mu/ be ask$1 moreov]1 h[ mu* direct & lit]al te/imony ! ,ante-nic5e ,fa!rs give1 "o by "o1 to ! div9ity ( ! ,holy ,_s8 ,?is alone %all be obs]v$1 t ,/4 ,basil1 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 f9d+ t1 if he di/9ctly call$ ! ,?ird ,p]son 9 ! ,bless$ ,tr9ity by ! ,"n ( ,god1 he %\ld be put out ( ! ,*ur* by ! ,arians1 po9t$ly refra9$ f do+ s on an occasion on :i* 8 enemies 7 on ! wat*2 & t1 :5 "s ,ca?olics f\nd fault ) him1 ,/4 ,a?anasius took 8 "p4#ah3c ,c\ld ?is possibly h be5 ! conduct ( any true ,*ri/ian1 n to say ,sa9t1 ( a lat] age8 t is1 :atev] be ! true acc\nt ( x1 does x n sugge/ to u t ! te/imony ( ^? e>ly times lies v unfav\rably = ! application ( ! rule ( ,v9c5tius8 #ac4 ,let x n be = a mom5t suppos$ t ,i impugn ! or?odoxy ( ! e>ly div9es1 or ! cog5cy ( _! te/imony among fair inquir]s2 b ,i am try+ !m by t unfair int]pretation ( ,v9c5tius1 :i* is necess>y 9 ord] to make him available aga9/ ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,& n[1 z to ! positive evid5ce :i* ^? ,fa!rs (f] 9 behalf ( ! ,ca?olic doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 x has be5 drawn out by ,dr4 ,burton & seems to fall "u two heads4 ,"o is ! g5]al ascription ( glory to ! ,?ree ,p]sons toge!r1 bo? by fa!rs & *ur*es1 & t on cont9u\s tradition & f ! e>lie/ times4 ,"u ! second fall c]ta9 di/9ct /atem5ts ( p>ticul> fa!rs2 ?us we f9d ! ^w ,tr9ity us$ by ,/4 ,!ophilus1 ,/4 ,clem5t1 ,/4 ,hippolytus1 ,t]tullian1 ,/4 ,cyprian1 ,orig51 ,/4 ,me?odius2 & ! ,div9e ,circum9cessio1 ! mo/ di/9ctive portion ( ! ,ca?olic doctr9e1 & ! unity ( p[]1 or aga91 ( sub/ance1 are decl>$ ) m or less di/9ctness by ,a!nagoras1 ,/4 ,ir5u1 ,/4 ,clem5t1 ,t]tullian1 ,/4 ,hippolytus1 ,orig51 & ! two ,,ss4 ,dionysii4 ,?is is pretty mu* ! :ole ( ! evid5ce4 #ad4 ,p]haps x w be said we ought to take ! ,ante-nic5e ,fa!rs z a :ole1 & int]pret "o ( !m by ano!r4 ,?is is to assume t !y are all ( "o s*ool1 :i* ( c\rse !y are1 b :i* 9 controv]sy is a po9t to be prov$2 b x is ev5 d\btful :e!r1 on ! :ole1 su* a proc$ure w\ld /r5g!n ! argum5t4 ,= in/ance1 z to ! second head ( ! positive evid5ce not$ by ,dr4 ,burton1 ,t]tullian is ! mo/ =mal & elaborate ( ^! ,fa!rs 9 8 /atem5ts ( ! ,ca?olic doctr9e4 ,x w\ld h>dly be possible1 says ,dr4 ,burton1 aft] quot+ a passage1 = ,a?anasius himself1 or ! compil] ( ! ,a?anasian ,cre$1 to h deliv]$ ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity 9 /rong] t]ms ?an ^!4#ai3a ,yet ,t]tullian mu/ be consid]$ het]odox on ! doctr9e ( our ,"l's et]nal g5]ation4#bj3a ,if !n we are to argue f 8 in/ance to t ( ! o!r ,fa!rs1 we %all be driv5 to ! conclusion t ev5 ! mo/ exact /atem5ts are wor? no?+ m ?an _! lett]1 are a w>rant = no?+ beyond !mselves1 & are consi/5t ) het]odoxy :]e !y d n expressly prote/ aga9/ x4 ,& aga91 z to ! argum5t d]ivable f ! ,doxologies1 x mu/ n be =gott5 t "o ( ! passages 9 ,/4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr includes ! wor%ip ( ! ,angels4 ,we wor%ip & adore1 he says1 ,him1 & ! ,son :o came f ,him & taught u ^! ?+s1 & ! ho/ ( ^? o!r good ,angels1 :o foll[ & are l ,him1 & ! ,prophetic ,_s4#bj3b ,a ,unit>ian might argue f ?is passage t ! glory & wor%ip :i* ! e>ly ,*ur* ascrib$ to our ,"l 0 n m def9ite ?an t :i* ,/4 ,ju/9 0 ready to conc$e to creatures4 #ae4 ,?us mu* on ! doctr9e ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity4 ,let u proce$ to ano!r example4 ,!re are two doctr9es :i* are g5]ally associat$ ) ! "n ( a ,fa!r ( ! f\r? & fif? c5turies1 & :i* c %[ little def9ite1 or at lea/ b p>tial1 te/imony 9 _! behalf be=e 8 "t1--,purgatory & ,orig9al ,s94 ,! dictum ( ,v9c5t admits bo? or excludes bo?1 accord+ z x is or is n rigidly tak52 b1 if us$ by ,ari/otle's ,lesbian ,rule1 !n1 z ,anglicans w\ld wi%1 x c be made to admit ,orig9al ,s9 & exclude ,purgatory4 ,on ! "o h&1 "s notion ( suff]+1 or disadvantage1 or puni%m5t aft] ?is life1 9 ! case ( ! fai?ful dep>t$1 or o!r vague =ms ( ! doctr9e ( ,purgatory1 has 9 its fav\r almo/ a cons5sus ( ! f\r fir/ ages ( ! ,*ur*1 ?\gh "s ,fa!rs /ate x ) f> great] op5ness & decision ?an o!rs4 ,x is1 z f> z words g1 ! confession ( ,/4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 ,t]tullian1 ,/4 ,p]petua1 ,/4 ,cyprian1 ,orig51 ,lactantius1 ,/4 ,hil>y1 ,/4 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem1 ,/4 ,ambrose1 ,/4 ,basil1 ,/4 ,gregory ( ,nazianzus1 & ( ,nyssa1 ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 ,/4 ,j]ome1 ,/4 ,paul9us1 & ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,& s1 on ! o!r h&1 !re is a c]ta9 agreem5t ( ,fa!rs f ! fir/ t mank9d has d]iv$ "s disadvantage f ! s9 ( ,adam4 #af4 ,next1 :5 we consid] ! two doctr9es m di/9ctly1--! doctr9e t betwe5 dea? & judgm5t !re is a "t or /ate ( puni%m5t2 & ! doctr9e t all m51 naturally propagat$ f fall5 ,adam1 are 9 consequ5ce born de/itute ( orig9al righte\sness1--we f9d1 on ! "o h&1 sev]al1 su* z ,t]tullian1 ,/4 ,p]petua1 ,/4 ,cyril1 ,/4 ,hil>y1 ,/4 ,j]ome1 ,/4 ,gregory ,nyss51 z f> z _! words g1 def9itely decl>+ a doctr9e ( ,purgatory3 :]eas no "o w say t !re is a te/imony ( ! ,fa!rs1 equally /rong1 = ! doctr9e ( ,orig9al ,s91 ?\gh x is difficult "h to make any def9ite /atem5t ab\t _! tea*+ )\t go+ into a discussion ( ! subject4 ,on ! subject ( ,purgatory !re 71 to speak g5]ally1 two s*ools ( op9ion2 ! ,greek1 :i* contemplat$ a trial ( fire at ! la/ day ?r\gh :i* all 7 to pass2 & ! ,african1 resembl+ m ne>ly ! pres5t doctr9e ( ! ,roman ,*ur*4 ,& s !re 7 two pr9cipal views ( ,orig9al ,s91 ! ,greek & ! ,african or ,lat94 ,( ! ,greek1 ! judgm5t ( ,hook] is well kn[n1 ?\gh x mu/ n be tak5 9 ! lett]3 ,! h]esy ( freewill 0 a mill/one ab\t ^? ,pelagians' neck2 %all we !re=e give s5t5ce ( dea? inevitable aga9/ all ^? ,fa!rs 9 ! ,greek ,*ur* :i*1 be+ misp]suad$1 di$ 9 ! error ( freewill8#bb3a ,bi%op ,taylor1 argu+ = an opposite doctr9e1 be>s a l te/imony3 ,orig9al ,s91 he says1 z x is at ?is day commonly explicat$1 0 n ! doctr9e ( ! primitive ,*ur*2 b :5 ,pelagius _h puddl$ ! /ream1 ,/4 ,au/9 0 s angry t he /amp$ & di/urb$ x m4 ,& truly 4 4 ,i d n ?9k t ! g5tlem5 t urg$ aga9/ me ,/4 ,au/9's op9ion d well consid] t ,i pr(ess myself to foll[ ^? ,fa!rs :o 7 be=e him2 & :om ,/4 ,au/9 did =sake1 z ,i d him1 9 ! "q4#bb3b ,! same is ass]t$ or all[$ by ,jans5ius1 ,petavius1 & ,wal*1#bb3c m5 ( su* diff]5t s*ools t we may surely take _! agreem5t z a pro( ( ! fact4 ,a late writ]1 aft] go+ ?r\gh ! te/imonies ( ! ,fa!rs "o by "o1 comes to ! conclusion1 fir/1 t ! ,greek ,*ur* 9 no po9t fav\r$ ,augu/9e1 except 9 tea*+ t f ,adam's s9 came dea?1 &1 7aft] ! "t ( ,me?odius17 an extraord9>y & unnatural s5suality also2 next1 t ! ,lat9 ,*ur* affirm$1 9 addition1 t a corrupt & contam9at$ s\l1 & t1 by g5]ation1 0 c>ri$ on to 8 po/]ity2#bb3d &1 la/ly1 t nei!r ,greeks nor ,lat9s held ! doctr9e ( imputation4 ,x may be obs]v$1 9 addition1 t1 9 spite ( ! =cible tea*+ ( ,/4 ,paul on ! subject1 ! doctr9e ( ,orig9al ,s9 appe>s nei!r 9 ! ,apo/les' nor ! ,nic5e ,cre$4 #ag4 ,"o additional specim5 %all be giv5 z a sample ( _m o!rs3--,i betake myself to "o ( our alt>s to receive ! ,bless$ ,eu*>i/2 ,i h no d\bt :atev] on my m9d ab\t ! ,gift :i* t ,sacram5t conta9s2 ,i confess to myself my belief1 & ,i g ?r\gh ! /eps on :i* x is assur$ to me4 ,! ,pres5ce ( ,*ri/ is "h1 = ,x foll[s ^u ,consecration2 & ,consecration is ! pr]ogative ( ,prie/s2 & ,prie/s are made by ,ord9ation2 & ,ord9ation comes 9 direct l9e f ! ,apo/les4 ,:atev] be our o!r mis=tunes1 e l9k 9 our *a9 is safe2 we h ! ,apo/olic ,succession1 we h a "r =m ( consecration3 !re=e we are bless$ ) ! great ,gift4 ,"h ! "q rises 9 me1 ,:o told y ab\t t ,gift8 ,i answ]1 ,i h le>n$ x f ! ,fa!rs3 ,i believe ! ,real ,pres5ce because !y be> witness to x4 ,/4 ,ignatius calls x '! m$ic9e ( immortality3' ,/4 ,ir5u says t 'our fle% becomes incorrupt1 & p>takes ( life1 & has ! hope ( ! resurrection1' z 'be+ n\ri%$ f ! ,"l's ,body & ,blood2' t ! ,eu*>i/ 'is made up ( two ?+s1 an e>?ly & an heav5ly3'#bc3a p]haps ,orig51 & p]haps ,magnes1 aft] him1 say t ,x is n a type ( our ,"l's ,body1 b ,8 ,body3 & ,/4 ,cyprian uses language z fe>ful z c be spok51 ( ^? :o pr(ane x4 ,i ca/ my lot ) !m1 ,i believe z !y4 ,?us ,i reply1 & !n ! ?\ght comes ^u me a second "t1 ,& d n ! same anci5t ,fa!rs be> witness to ano!r doctr9e1 :i* y dis[n8 ,are y n z a hypocrite1 li/5+ to !m :5 y w1 & deaf :5 y w n8 ,h[ are y ca/+ y\r lot ) ! ,sa9ts1 :5 y g b half-way ) !m8 ,= ( :e!r ( ! two d !y speak ! m frequ5tly1 ( ! ,real ,pres5ce 9 ! ,eu*>i/1 or ( ! ,pope's supremacy8 ,y accept ! less] evid5ce1 y reject ! great]4 #ah4 ,9 tru?1 scanty z ! ,ante-nic5e notices may be ( ! ,papal ,supremacy1 !y are bo? m num]\s & m def9ite ?an ! adducible te/imonies 9 fav\r ( ! ,real ,pres5ce4 ,! te/imonies to ! latt] are conf9$ to a few passages su* z ^? j quot$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ( a passage 9 ,/4 ,ju/91 ,bi%op ,kaye rem>ks1 ,le ,n\rry inf]s t ,ju/9 ma9ta9$ ! doctr9e ( ,transub/antiation2 x might 9 my op9ion be m plausibly urg$ 9 fav\r ( ,consub/antiation1 s9ce ,ju/9 calls ! consecrat$ elem5ts ,bread & ,w9e1 ?\gh n common bread & w9e4#bd3a 4 4 4 ,we may !re=e conclude t1 :5 he calls !m ! ,body & ,blood ( ,*ri/1 he speaks figuratively4 ,clem5t1 obs]ves ! same au?or1 says t ! ,scripture calls w9e a my/ic symbol ( ! holy blood4 4 4 4 ,clem5t gives v>i\s int]pretations ( ,*ri/'s expressions 9 ,john vi4 respect+ ,8 fle% & blood2 b 9 no in/ance does he int]pret !m lit]ally4 4 4 4 ,8 notion seems to h be5 t1 by p>tak+ ( ! bread & w9e 9 ! ,eu*>i/1 ! s\l ( ! believ] is unit$ to ! ,_s1 & t by ?is union ! pr9ciple ( immortality is imp>t$ to ! fle%4#bd3b ,x has be5 sugge/$ by "s1 says ,wat]l&1 t ,t]tullian und]/ood ,john vi4 m]ely ( fai?1 or doctr9e1 or spiritual actions2 & x is /r5u\sly d5i$ by o!rs4 ,aft] quot+ ! passage1 he adds1 ,all t "o c ju/ly ga!r f ?is confus$ passage is t ,t]tullian int]pret$ ! bread ( life 9 ,john vi4 ( ! ,^w1 :i* he sometimes makes to be vocal1 & sometimes sub/antial1 bl5d+ ! ideas 9 a v p]plex$ mann]2 s t he is no cle> au?ority = con/ru+ ,john vi4 ( doctr9es1 c4 ,all t is c]ta9 is t he supposes ! ,^w made fle%1 ! ,^w inc>nate to be ! heav5ly bread spok5 ( 9 t *apt]4#be3a ,orig5's g5]al obs]vation relat+ to t *apt] is1 t x mu/ n be lit]ally1 b figuratively und]/ood4#be3b ,aga91 ,x is pla9 en\gh t ,eusebius foll[$ ,orig5 9 ?is matt]1 & t bo? ( !m fav\r$ ! same my/ical or allegorical con/ruction2 :e!r con/antly & uni=mly ,i ne$ n say4#be3c ,i w b add ! incid5tal te/imony af=d$ on a late occasion3--h[ f> ! ,anglican doctr9e ( ! ,eu*>i/ dep5ds on ! times be=e ! ,nic5e ,c\ncil1 h[ f> on ! times aft] x1 may be ga!r$ f ! circum/ance t1 :5 a memorable ,s]mon#be3d 0 publi%$ on ! subject1 out ( ab\t "o hundr$ & =ty passages f ! ,fa!rs app5d$ 9 ! notes1 n 9 =mal pro(1 b 9 g5]al illu/ration1 only fifte5 7 tak5 f ,ante-nic5e writ]s4 ,) su* evid5ce1 ! ,ante-nic5e te/imonies :i* may be cit$ 9 behalf ( ! au?ority ( ! ,holy ,see1 ne$ n fe> a comp>ison4 ,fa9t !y may be "o by "o1 b at lea/ we may c\nt sev5te5 ( !m1 & !y are v>i\s1 & are drawn f _m times & c\ntries1 & !reby s]ve to illu/rate ea* o!r1 & =m a body ( pro(4 ,:atev] objections may be made to ?is or t p>ticul> fact1 & ,i d n ?9k any valid ones c be rais$1 /ill1 on ! :ole1 ,i consid] t a cumulative argum5t rises f !m 9 fav\r ( ! ecum5ical & ! doctr9al au?ority ( ,rome1 /rong] ?an any argum5t :i* c be drawn f ! same p]iod = ! doctr9e ( ! ,real ,pres5ce4 ,i %all h occasion to enum]ate !m 9 ! f\r? *apt] ( ?is ,essay4 #ai4 ,if x be said t ! ,real ,pres5ce appe>s1 by ! ,liturgies ( ! f\r? or fif? c5tury1 to h be5 ! doctr9e ( ! e>li]1 s9ce ^? v =ms probably exi/$ f ! fir/ 9 ,div9e wor%ip1 ?is is d\btless an important tru?2 b !n x is true also t ! writ]s ( ! f\r? & fif? c5turies fe>lessly ass]t1 or frankly all[ t ! pr]ogatives ( ,rome 7 d]iv$ f apo/olic times1 & t because x 0 ! ,see ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,moreov]1 if ! resi/ance ( ,/4 ,cyprian & ,firmilian to ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 9 ! "q ( baptism by h]etics1 be urg$ z an argum5t aga9/ h] primitive au?ority1 or ! e>li] resi/ance ( ,polycrates ( ,ephesus1 let x be consid]$1 fir/1 :e!r all au?ority does n necess>ily lead to resi/ance2 next1 :e!r ,/4 ,cyprian's own doctr9e1 :i* is 9 fav\r ( ,rome1 is n m weighty ?an 8 act1 :i* is aga9/ h]2 ?irdly1 :e!r he 0 n already 9 error 9 ! ma9 "q "u discussion1 & ,firmilian also2 & la/ly1 :i* is ! *ief po9t "h1 :e!r1 9 l mann]1 we may n object on ! o!r h& aga9/ ! ,real ,pres5ce ! words ( ,t]tullian1 :o expla9s1 ,?is is my ,body1 by a figure ( my ,body1 & ( ,orig51 :o speaks ( our dr9k+ ,*ri/'s ,blood n only 9 ! rite ( ! ,sacram5ts1 b also :5 we receive ,8 disc\rses1#bf3a & says t t ,bread :i* ,god ! ,^w ackn[l$ges z ,8 ,body is ! ,^w :i* n\ri%es s\ls1#bf3b--passages :i* admit ( a ,ca?olic int]pretation :5 ! ,ca?olic doctr9e is once prov$1 b :i* prim facie run c\nt] to t doctr9e4 ,x does n seem possible1 !n1 to avoid ! conclusion t1 :atev] be ! prop] key = h>moniz+ ! records & docum5ts ( ! e>ly & lat] ,*ur*1 & true z ! dictum ( ,v9c5tius mu/ be consid]$ 9 ! ab/ract1 & possible z its application might be 9 8 own age1 :5 he might almo/ ask ! primitive c5turies = _! te/imony1 x is h>dly available n[1 or effective ( any satisfactory result4 ,! solution x (f]s is z difficult z ! orig9al problem4 #bj4 ,ano!r hypo!sis = acc\nt+ = a want ( accord betwe5 ! e>ly & ! late aspects ( ,*ri/ianity is t ( ! ,discipl9a ,arcani1 put =w>d on ! assumption t !re has be5 no v>iation 9 ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ur* f fir/ to la/4 ,x is ma9ta9$ t doctr9es :i* are associat$ ) ! lat] ages ( ! ,*ur* 7 really 9 ! ,*ur* f ! fir/1 b n publicly taught1 & t = v>i\s reasons3 z1 = ! sake ( rev]5ce1 t sacr$ subjects might n be pr(an$ by ! hea!n2 & = ! sake ( cate*um5s1 t !y might n be oppress$ or c>ri$ away by a sudd5 communication ( ! :ole circle ( reveal$ tru?4 ,& inde$ ! fact ( ?is concealm5t c h>dly be d5i$1 9 :atev] degree x took ! %ape ( a def9ite rule1 :i* might v>y ) p]sons & places4 ,t x exi/$ ev5 z a rule1 z reg>ds ! ,sacram5ts1 seems to be confess$ on all h&s4 ,t x exi/$ 9 o!r respects1 z a practice1 is pla9 f ! nature ( ! case1 & f ! writ+s ( ! ,apologi/s4 ,m9ucius ,felix & ,arnobius1 9 controv]sy ) ,pagans1 imply a d5ial t !n ! ,*ri/ians us$ alt>s2 yet ,t]tullian speaks expressly ( ! ,ara ,dei 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,:at c we say1 b t ! ,apologi/s d5y alt>s 9 ! s5se 9 :i* !y ridicule !m2 or1 t !y d5y t alt>s su* z ! ,pagan alt>s 7 tol]at$ by ,*ri/ians8 ,&1 9 l mann]1 ,m9ucius all[s t !re 7 no temples among ,*ri/ians2 yet !y are di/9ctly recogniz$ 9 ! edicts ( ! ,dioclesian era1 & are kn[n to h exi/$ at a /ill e>li] date4 ,x is ! t5d5cy ( e dom9ant sy/em1 su* z ! ,paganism ( ! ,ante-nic5e c5turies1 to =ce its oppon5ts into ! mo/ ho/ile & jeal\s attitude1 f ! appreh5sion :i* !y naturally feel1 le/ if !y act$ o!rwise1 9 ^? po9ts 9 :i* !y approximate t[>ds x1 !y %\ld be mis9t]pret$ & ov]borne by its au?ority4 ,! v fault n[ f\nd ) cl]gym5 ( ! ,anglican ,*ur*1 :o wi% to con=m _! practices to h] rubrics1 & _! doctr9es to h] div9es ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 is1 t1 :e!r !y mean x or no1 :e!r legitimately or no1 /ill1 9 matt] ( fact1 !y w be sanction+ & enc\rag+ ! religion ( ,rome1 9 :i* !re are simil> doctr9es & practices1 m def9ite & m influ5tial2 s t1 at any rate1 x is inexp$i5t at ! mom5t to attempt :at is sure to be mi/ak54 ,t is1 !y are requir$ to ex]cise a discipl9a arcani2 & a simil> res]ve 0 inevitable on ! "p ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 at a "t :5 prie/s & alt>s & rites all ar\nd x 7 devot$ to malignant & incurable sup]/itions4 ,x w\ld be wrong inde$ to d5y1 b x 0 a duty to )hold1 ! c]emonial ( ,*ri/ianity2 & ,apologi/s might be sometimes tempt$ to d5y absolutely :at at fur!/ c\ld only be d5i$ "u conditions4 ,an idolatr\s ,paganism t5d$ to repress ! ext]nals ( ,*ri/ianity1 z1 at ?is day1 ! pres5ce ( ,prote/antism is said to repress1 ?\gh = ano!r reason1 ! exhibition ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic religion4 ,on v>i\s gr\nds1 !n1 x is c]ta9 t portions ( ! ,*ur* sy/em 7 held back 9 primitive times1 & ( c\rse ?is fact goes "s way to acc\nt = t app>5t v>iation & gr[? ( doctr9e1 :i* emb>rasses u :5 we w\ld consult hi/ory = ! true idea ( ,*ri/ianity2 yet x is no key to ! :ole difficulty1 z we f9d x1 = obvi\s reasons3--because ! v>iations cont9ue beyond ! "t :5 x is conceivable t ! discipl9e 0 9 =ce1 & because !y manife/ !mselves on a law1 n abruptly1 b by a visible gr[? :i* has p]sev]$ up to ?is "t )\t any sign ( its com+ to an end4#bi3a #ba4 ,! foll[+ ,essay is direct$ t[>ds a solution ( ! difficulty :i* has be5 /at$1--! difficulty1 z f> z x exi/s1 :i* lies 9 ! way ( our us+ 9 controv]sy ! te/imony ( our mo/ natural in=mant conc]n+ ! doctr9e & wor%ip ( ,*ri/ianity1 viz4 ! hi/ory ( eighte5 hundr$ ye>s4 ,! view on :i* x is writt5 has at all times1 p]haps1 be5 implicitly adopt$ by !ologians1 &1 ,i believe1 has rec5tly be5 illu/rat$ by sev]al di/+ui%$ writ]s ( ! cont95t1 su* z ,de ,mai/re & ,mhl]3 viz4 t ! increase & expansion ( ! ,*ri/ian ,cre$ & ,ritual1 & ! v>iations :i* h att5d$ ! process 9 ! case ( individual writ]s & ,*ur*es1 are ! necess>y att5dants on any philosophy or polity :i* takes possession ( ! intellect & he>t1 & has _h any wide or ext5d$ dom9ion2 t1 f ! nature ( ! human m9d1 "t is necess>y = ! full compreh5sion & p]fection ( great ideas2 & t ! highe/ & mo/ wond]ful tru?s1 ?\gh communicat$ to ! _w once = all by inspir$ tea*]s1 c\ld n be compreh5d$ all at once by ! recipi5ts1 b1 z be+ receiv$ & transmitt$ by m9ds n inspir$ & ?r\gh m$ia :i* 7 human1 h requir$ only ! long] "t & deep] ?\ght = _! full elucidation4 ,?is may be call$ ! ,!ory ( ,developm5t ( ,doctr9e2 &1 be=e proce$+ to treat ( x1 "o rem>k may be 9 place4 ,x is und\bt$ly an hypo!sis to acc\nt = a difficulty2 b su* too are ! v>i\s explanations giv5 by a/ronom]s f ,ptolemy to ,newton ( ! app>5t motions ( ! heav5ly bodies1 & x is z unphilosophical on t acc\nt to object to ! "o z to object to ! o!r4 ,nor is x m reasonable to express surprise1 t at ?is "t ( day a !ory is necess>y1 grant+ = argum5t's sake t ! !ory is novel1 ?an to h direct$ a simil> wond] 9 disp>agem5t ( ! !ory ( gravitation1 or ! ,plutonian !ory 9 geology4 ,d\btless1 ! !ory ( ! ,secret & ! !ory ( doctr9al ,developm5ts are exp$i5ts1 & s is ! dictum ( ,v9c5tius2 s is ! art ( gramm> or ! use ( ! quadrant2 x is an exp$i5t to enable u to solve :at has n[ become a necess>y & an anxi\s problem4 ,= ?ree hundr$ ye>s ! docum5ts & ! facts ( ,*ri/ianity h be5 expos$ to a jeal\s scrut9y2 works h be5 judg$ spuri\s :i* once 7 receiv$ )\t a "q2 facts h be5 disc>d$ or modifi$ :i* 7 once fir/ pr9ciples 9 argum5t2 new facts & new pr9ciples h be5 br\ght to light2 philosophical views & polemical discussions ( v>i\s t5d5cies h be5 ma9ta9$ ) m or less success4 ,n only has ! relative situation ( controv]sies & !ologies alt]$1 b infidelity itself is 9 a diff]5t1--,i am oblig$ to say 9 a m hopeful position1--z reg>ds ,*ri/ianity4 ,! facts ( ,reveal$ ,religion1 ?\gh 9 _! sub/ance unalt]$1 pres5t a less compact & ord]ly front to ! attacks ( its enemies n[ ?an =m]ly1 & all[ ( ! introduction ( new inquiries & !ories conc]n+ its s\rces & its rise4 ,! /ate ( ?+s is n z x 01 :5 an appeal lay to ! suppos$ works ( ! ,areopagite1 or to ! primitive ,decretals1 or to ,/4 ,dionysius's answ]s to ,paul1 or to ! ,co5a ,dom9i ( ,/4 ,cyprian4 ,! assailants ( dogmatic tru? h got ! />t ( its adh]5ts ( :atev] ,cre$2 philosophy is complet+ :at criticism has begun2 & appreh5sions are n unreasonably excit$ le/ we %\ld h a new _w to conqu] be=e we h weapons = ! w>f>e4 ,already infidelity has its views & conjectures1 on :i* x arranges ! facts ( ecclesia/ical hi/ory2 & x is sure to consid] ! abs5ce ( any antagoni/ !ory z an evid5ce ( ! reality ( its own4 ,t ! hypo!sis1 "h to be adopt$1 acc\nts n only = ! ,a?anasian ,cre$1 b = ! ,cre$ ( ,pope ,pius1 is no fault ( ^? :o adopt x4 ,no "o has p[] ov] ! issues ( 8 pr9ciples2 we _c manage our argum5t1 & h z mu* ( x z we please & no m4 ,an argum5t is ne$$1 unless ,*ri/ianity is to ab&on ! prov9ce ( argum5t2 & ^? :o f9d fault ) ! explanation "h (f]$ ( its hi/orical ph5om5a w f9d x _! duty to provide "o = !mselves4 ,& z no special aim at ,roman ,ca?olic doctr9e ne$ be suppos$ to h giv5 a direction to ! inquiry1 s nei!r c a reception ( t doctr9e be imm$iately bas$ on its results4 ,x w\ld be ! "w ( a life to apply ! ,!ory ( ,developm5ts s c>efully to ! writ+s ( ! ,fa!rs1 & to ! hi/ory ( controv]sies & c\ncils1 z !reby to v9dicate ! reasonabl5ess ( e decision ( ,rome2 mu* less c su* an und]tak+ be imag9$ by "o :o1 9 ! middle ( 8 days1 is beg9n+ life aga94 ,?us mu*1 h[ev]1 might be ga9$ ev5 f an ,essay l ! pres5t1 an explanation ( s _m ( ! reput$ corruptions1 doctr9al & practical1 ( ,rome1 z might s]ve z a fair gr\nd = tru/+ h] 9 p>allel cases :]e ! inve/igation _h n be5 pursu$4 ,,footnotes3 #i3a ,*ur* ( ! ,fa!rs ,hi/4 ,sket*es1 vol4 i4 p4 #dah4 #ab3a ,proph4 ,(fice ,via ,m$ia1 vol4 i4 pp4 #ee1 #ef4 #ac3a ,ibid4 p4 #aha4 #ac3b ,briti% ,critic1 ,july1 #ahcf1 p4 #aic4 ,vid4 supr4 vol4 i4 p4 #acj4 #af3a ,?is ( c\rse has be5 disput$1 z is ! case ) almo/ all facts :i* be> ^u ! decision ( controv]sies4 ,i %all n ?9k x necess>y to notice ! possibility or ! fact ( objections on que/ions ^u :i* ! _w may n[ be said to be agre$2 e4 g4 ! arianiz+ tone ( ,eusebius4 #af3b s*$on tautsi ts nyn p]i?yll\m5s asebeias1 ts kata to ,anomoion leg1 outos he/91 hosa ge hmeis hism51 ho prtos an?rpois ta sp]mata p>as*n4 ,ep4 ix4 #b4 #af3c ,bull1 ,def5s4 ,f4 ,n4 ii4 #ab1 #f4 #ag3a ,! au?ors :o make ! g5]ation tempor>y1 & speak n expressly ( any o!r1 are ^! foll[+3 ,ju/91 ,a!nagoras1 ,!ophilus1 ,tatian1 ,t]tullian1 & ,hippolytus4--,wat]l&1 vol4 i4 "p #b1 p4 #ajd4 #ag3b ,levia sunt1 says ,m>an 9 8 def5ce1 qu 9 ,sanctissimam ,tr9itatem hic lib] pecc>e dicitur1 paulo graviora qu 9 my/]ium ,inc>nationis4--,div4 ,jes4 ,*ri/4 p4 #ebg4 ,%ortly aft]1 p4 #ecj1 ,9 t]ti oratione nonnulla legimus ,inc>nationem ,dom9i spectantia1 qu subabsurd dicta fateor1 nego impi cogitata4 #ag3c ,bi%op ,bull1 :o is t5d] t[>ds him1 all[s1 ,ut quod res e/ dicam1 cum ,val5t9ianis hic et reliquo gno/icorum grege aliquat5us locutus e/ ,t]tullianus2 9 re ips tam5 cum ,ca?olicis omn9 s5sit4--,def5s4 ,f4 ,n4 iii4 #aj1 #ae4 #ah3a ,adv4 ,praxeam4 #ah3b ,def5s4 ,f4 ,n4 iv4 #c1 #a4 #ah3c ,basil1 ed4 ,b54 vol4 #c1 p4 xcvi4 #ai3a ,ante-nic5e ,te/1 to ! ,tr9ity1 p4 #fi4 #bj3a ,quia et ,pat] ,deus e/1 et judex ,deus e/1 non tam5 ideo ,pat] et judex semp]1 quia ,deus semp]4 ,nam nec ,pat] potuit esse ante ,filium1 nec judex ante delictum4 ,fuit autem tempus1 cum et delictum et ,filius non fuit1 quod judicem1 et qui ,patrem ,dom9um fac]et4--,contr4 ,h]m4 #c4 #bj3b ,vid4 infra1 t[>ds ! end ( ! ,essay1 *4 x41 :]e m w be said on ! passage4 #bb3a ,( ,ju/ification1 #bf4 #bb3b ,works1 vol4 ix4 p4 #cif4 #bb3c ,quamvis igitur quam maxim fallantur ,pelagiani1 quum ass]ant1 peccatum orig9ale ex ,augu/9i pr(luxisse +5io1 antiquam v]o ecclesiam illud plane nescivisse2 diffit]i tam5 nemo pote/1 apud ,grcos patres imprimis inv5iri loca1 qu ,pelagianismo fav]e vid5tur4 ,h9c et ,c4 ,jans5ius1 ',grci1' inquit1 'nisi caute legantur et intelligantur1 prb]e possunt occasionem errori ,pelagiano2' et ,d4 ,petavius dicit1 ',grci orig9alis f]e crim9is r>am1 nec dis]tam1 m5tionem scriptis suis attig]unt4'--,wal*1 ,miscell4 ,sacr4 p4 #fjg4 #bb3d ,horn1 ,comm5t4 de ,pecc4 ,orig4 #ahja1 p4 #ih4 #bc3a ,hr4 iv4 #ah1 #e4 #bd3a ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 *4 #d4 #bd3b ,clem4 ,alex4 *4 #aa4 #be3a ,works1 vol4 vii4 p4 #aah-abj4 #be3b ,ibid4 p4 #aba4 #be3c ,ibid4 p4 #abg4 #be3d ,dr4 ,pusey's ,univ]sity ,s]mon ( #ahdc4 #bf3a ,num]4 ,hom4 xvi4 #i4 #bf3b ,int]p4 ,com4 9 ,matt4 #he4 #bi3a ,vid4 ,apolog41 p4 #aih1 & ,difficulties ( ,angl4 vol4 i4 xii4 #g4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,on ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,ideas4 ,,section ,i4 ,,on ,,! ,,process ,,( ,,developm5t ,,9 ,,ideas4 ,x is ! *>act]i/ic ( our m9ds to be ev] engag$ 9 pass+ judgm5t on ! ?+s :i* come be=e u4 ,no soon] d we appreh5d ?an we judge3 we all[ no?+ to /& by itself3 we comp>e1 contra/1 ab/ract1 g5]alize1 connect1 adju/1 classify3 & we view all our k 9 ! associations ) :i* ^! processes h inve/$ x4 ,( ! judgm5ts ?us made1 :i* become aspects 9 our m9ds ( ! ?+s :i* meet u1 "s are m]e op9ions :i* come & g1 or :i* rema9 ) u only till an accid5t displaces !m1 :atev] be ! influ5ce :i* !y ex]cise mean:ile4 ,o!rs are firmly fix$ 9 our m9ds1 ) or )\t good reason1 & h a hold ^u u1 :e!r !y relate to matt]s ( fact1 or to pr9ciples ( conduct1 or are views ( life & ! _w1 or are prejudices1 imag9ations1 or convictions4 ,_m ( !m atta* to "o & ! same object1 :i* is ?us v>i\sly view$1 n only by v>i\s m9ds1 b by ! same4 ,!y sometimes lie 9 su* ne> relation1 t ea* implies ! o!rs2 "s are only n inconsi/5t ) ea* o!r1 9 t !y h a common orig93 "s1 z be+ actually incompatible ) ea* o!r1 are1 "o or o!r1 falsely associat$ 9 our m9ds ) _! object1 & 9 any case !y may be no?+ m ?an ideas1 :i* we mi/ake = ?+s4 ,?us ,judaism is an idea :i* once 0 objective1 & ,gno/icism is an idea :i* 0 nev] s4 ,bo? ( !m h v>i\s aspects3 ^? ( ,judaism 7 su* z mono!ism1 a c]ta9 e?ical discipl9e1 a m9i/ration ( div9e v5geance1 a prep>ation = ,*ri/ianity3 ^? ( ! ,gno/ic idea are su* z ! doctr9e ( two pr9ciples1 t ( emanation1 ! intr9sic malignity ( matt]1 ! inculpability ( s5sual indulg5ce1 or ! guilt ( e pleasure ( s5se1 ( :i* la/ two "o or o!r mu/ be 9 ! ,gno/ic a false aspect & subjective only4 #b4 ,! idea :i* repres5ts an object or suppos$ object is comm5surate ) ! sum total ( its possible aspects1 h[ev] !y may v>y 9 ! sep>ate consci\sness ( individuals2 & 9 proportion to ! v>iety ( aspects "u :i* x pres5ts itself to v>i\s m9ds is its =ce & dep?1 & ! argum5t = its reality4 ,ord9>ily an idea is n br\ght home to ! intellect z objective except ?r\gh ?is v>iety2 l bodily sub/ances1 :i* are n appreh5d$ except "u ! clo?+ ( _! prop]ties & results1 & :i* admit ( be+ walk$ r\nd1 & survey$ on opposite sides1 & 9 diff]5t p]spectives1 & 9 contr>y lights1 9 evid5ce ( _! reality4 ,&1 z views ( a mat]ial object may be tak5 f po9ts s remote or s oppos$1 t !y seem at fir/ sight incompatible1 & especially z _! %ad[s w be disproportionate1 or ev5 mon/r\s1 & yet all ^! anomalies w disappe> & all ^! contr>ieties be adju/$1 on asc]ta9+ ! po9t ( vision or ! surface ( projection 9 ea* case2 s also all ! aspects ( an idea are capable ( coalition1 & ( a resolution into ! object to :i* x belongs2 & ! prim facie dissimilitude ( its aspects becomes1 :5 expla9$1 an argum5t = its sub/antiv5ess & integrity1 & _! multiplicity = its orig9ality & p[]4 #c4 ,!re is no "o aspect deep en\gh to exhau/ ! cont5ts ( a real idea1 no "o t]m or proposition :i* w s]ve to def9e x2 ?\gh ( c\rse "o repres5tation ( x is m j & exact ?an ano!r1 & ?\gh :5 an idea is v complex1 x is all[able1 = ! sake ( conv5i5ce1 to consid] its di/9ct aspects z if sep>ate ideas4 ,?us1 ) all our intimate k ( animal life & ( ! /ructure ( p>ticul> animals1 we h n arriv$ at a true def9ition ( any "o ( !m1 b are =c$ to enum]ate prop]ties & accid5ts by way ( description4 ,nor c we inclose 9 a =mula t intellectual fact1 or sy/em ( ?\ght1 :i* we call ! ,platonic philosophy1 or t hi/orical ph5om5on ( doctr9e & conduct1 :i* we call ! h]esy ( ,montanus or ( ,manes4 ,aga91 if ,prote/antism 7 said to lie 9 its !ory ( private judgm5t1 & ,lu!ranism 9 its doctr9e ( ju/ification1 ?is inde$ w\ld be an approximation to ! tru?2 b x is pla9 t to argue or to act z if ! "o or ! o!r aspect 7 a suffici5t acc\nt ( ^? =ms ( religion sev]ally1 w\ld be a s]i\s mi/ake4 ,sometimes an attempt is made to det]m9e ! lead+ idea1 z x has be5 call$1 ( ,*ri/ianity1 an ambiti\s essay z employ$ on a sup]natural "w1 :51 ev5 z reg>ds ! visible creation & ! inv5tions ( man1 su* a task is beyond u4 ,?us its "o idea has be5 said by "s to be ! re/oration ( our fall5 race1 by o!rs philan?ropy1 by o!rs ! tid+s ( immortality1 or ! spirituality ( true religi\s s]vice1 or ! salvation ( ! elect1 or m5tal lib]ty1 or ! union ( ! s\l ) ,god4 ,if1 inde$1 x is only !reby meant to use "o or o!r ( ^! z a c5tral idea = conv5i5ce1 9 ord] to gr\p o!rs ar\nd x1 no fault c be f\nd ) su* a proce$+3 & 9 ?is s5se ,i %\ld myself call ! ,inc>nation ! c5tral aspect ( ,*ri/ianity1 out ( :i* ! ?ree ma9 aspects ( its tea*+ take _! rise1 ! sacram5tal1 ! hi]>*ical1 & ! ascetic4 ,b "o aspect ( ,revelation mu/ n be all[$ to exclude or to obscure ano!r2 & ,*ri/ianity is dogmatical1 devotional1 practical all at once2 x is esot]ic & exot]ic2 x is indulg5t & /rict2 x is light & d>k2 x is love1 & x is fe>4 #d4 ,:5 an idea1 :e!r real or n1 is ( a nature to arre/ & possess ! m9d1 x may be said to h life1 t is1 to live 9 ! m9d :i* is its recipi5t4 ,?us ma!matical ideas1 real z !y are1 c h>dly prop]ly be call$ liv+1 at lea/ ord9>ily4 ,b1 :5 "s great enunciation1 :e!r true or false1 ab\t human nature1 or pres5t good1 or gov]nm5t1 or duty1 or religion1 is c>ri$ =w>d into ! public ?rong ( m5 & draws att5tion1 !n x is n m]ely receiv$ passively 9 ?is or t =m into _m m9ds1 b x becomes an active pr9ciple )9 !m1 lead+ !m to an ev]-new contemplation ( itself1 to an application ( x 9 v>i\s directions1 & a propagation ( x on e side4 ,su* is ! doctr9e ( ! div9e "r ( k+s1 or ( ! rights ( man1 or ( ! anti-social be>+s ( a prie/hood1 or utilit>ianism1 or free trade1 or ! duty ( b5evol5t ent]prises1 or ! philosophy ( ,z5o or ,epicurus1 doctr9es :i* are ( a nature to attract & influ5ce1 & h s f> a prim facie reality1 t !y may be look$ at on _m sides & /rike v>i\s m9ds v v>i\sly4 ,let "o su* idea get possession ( ! popul> m9d1 or ! m9d ( any portion ( ! community1 & x is n difficult to und]/& :at w be ! result4 ,at fir/ m5 w n fully realize :at x is t moves !m1 & w express & expla9 !mselves inadequately4 ,!re w be a g5]al agitation ( ?\ght1 & an action ( m9d ^u m9d4 ,!re w be a "t ( confusion1 :5 conceptions & misconceptions are 9 conflict1 & x is unc]ta9 :e!r any?+ is to come ( ! idea at all1 or :i* view ( x is to get ! />t ( ! o!rs4 ,new lights w be br\ght to be> ^u ! orig9al /atem5ts ( ! doctr9e put =w>d2 judgm5ts & aspects w accumulate4 ,aft] a :ile "s def9ite tea*+ em]ges2 &1 z "t proce$s1 "o view w be modifi$ or exp&$ by ano!r1 & !n comb9$ ) a ?ird2 till ! idea to :i* ^! v>i\s aspects belong1 w be to ea* m9d sep>ately :at at fir/ x 0 only to all toge!r4 ,x w be survey$ too 9 its relation to o!r doctr9es or facts1 to o!r natural laws or e/abli%$ cu/oms1 to ! v>y+ circum/ances ( times & places1 to o!r religions1 polities1 philosophies1 z ! case may be4 ,h[ x /&s affect$ t[>ds o!r sy/ems1 h[ x affects !m1 h[ f> x may be made to comb9e ) !m1 h[ f> x tol]ates !m1 :5 x int]f]es ) !m1 w be gradually wr\ght out4 ,x w be int]rogat$ & criticiz$ by enemies1 & def5d$ by well-wi%]s4 ,! multitude ( op9ions =m$ conc]n+ x 9 ^! respects & _m o!rs w be collect$1 comp>$1 sort$1 sift$1 select$1 reject$1 gradually atta*$ to x1 sep>at$ f x1 9 ! m9ds ( individuals & ( ! community4 ,x w1 9 proportion to its native vig\r & subtlety1 introduce itself into ! framework & details ( social life1 *ang+ public op9ion1 & /r5g!n+ or und]m9+ ! f\ndations ( e/abli%$ ord]4 ,?us 9 "t x w h gr[n into an e?ical code1 or into a sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 or into a !ology1 or into a ritual1 accord+ to its capabilities3 & ?is body ( ?\ght1 ?us labori\sly ga9$1 w aft] all be little m ?an ! prop] repres5tative ( "o idea1 be+ 9 sub/ance :at t idea meant f ! fir/1 its complete image z se5 9 a comb9ation ( div]sifi$ aspects1 ) ! sugge/ions & corrections ( _m m9ds1 & ! illu/ration ( _m exp]i5ces4 #e4 ,?is process1 :e!r x be long] or %ort] 9 po9t ( "t1 by :i* ! aspects ( an idea are br\ght into consi/5cy & =m1 ,i call its developm5t1 be+ ! g]m9ation & maturation ( "s tru? or app>5t tru? on a l>ge m5tal field4 ,on ! o!r h& ?is process w n be a developm5t1 unless ! assemblage ( aspects1 :i* con/itute its ultimate %ape1 really belongs to ! idea f :i* !y />t4 ,a republic1 = in/ance1 is n a developm5t f a pure mon>*y1 ?\gh x may foll[ ^u x2 :]eas ! ,greek tyrant may be consid]$ z includ$ 9 ! idea ( a democracy4 ,moreov] a developm5t w h ?is *>act]i/ic1 t1 its action be+ 9 ! busy sc5e ( human life1 x _c progress at all )\t cutt+ across1 & !reby de/roy+ or modify+ & incorporat+ ) itself exi/+ modes ( ?9k+ & op]at+4 ,! developm5t !n ( an idea is n l an inve/igation work$ out on pap]1 9 :i* ea* successive advance is a pure evolution f a =ego+1 b x is c>ri$ on ?r\gh & by means ( communities ( m5 & _! lead]s & guides2 & x employs _! m9ds z its in/rum5ts1 & dep5ds ^u !m1 :ile x uses !m4 ,& s1 z reg>ds exi/+ op9ions1 pr9ciples1 measures1 & in/itutions ( ! community :i* x has invad$2 x developes by e/abli%+ relations betwe5 itself & !m2 x employs itself1 9 giv+ !m a new mean+ & direction1 9 creat+ :at may be call$ a jurisdiction ov] !m1 9 ?r[+ (f :atev] 9 !m x _c assimilate4 ,x gr[s :5 x incorporates1 & its id5tity is f\nd1 n 9 isolation1 b 9 cont9uity & sov]eignty4 ,?is x is t imp>ts to ! hi/ory bo? ( /ates & ( religions1 its specially turbul5t & polemical "*4 ,su* is ! explanation ( ! wrangl+s1 :e!r ( s*ools or ( p>liam5ts4 ,x is ! w>f>e ( ideas "u _! v>i\s aspects /riv+ = ! ma/]y1 ea* ( !m ent]pris+1 engross+1 imp]i\s1 m or less incompatible ) ! re/1 & rally+ foll[]s or r\s+ foes1 accord+ z x acts ^u ! fai?1 ! prejudices1 or ! int]e/ ( p>ties or classes4 #f4 ,moreov]1 an idea n only modifies1 b is modifi$1 or at lea/ influ5c$1 by ! /ate ( ?+s 9 :i* x is c>ri$ out1 & is dep5d5t 9 v>i\s ways on ! circum/ances :i* surr\nd x4 ,its developm5t proce$s quickly or sl[ly1 z x may be2 ! ord] ( succession 9 its sep>ate /ages is v>iable2 x %[s diff]5tly 9 a small sph]e ( action & 9 an ext5d$2 x may be int]rupt$1 ret>d$1 mutilat$1 di/ort$1 by ext]nal viol5ce2 x may be enfeebl$ by ! ef=t ( ridd+ itself ( dome/ic foes2 x may be imp$$ & sway$ or ev5 absorb$ by c\nt] en]getic ideas2 x may be col\r$ by ! receiv$ tone ( ?\ght into :i* x comes1 or deprav$ by ! intrusion ( =eign pr9ciples1 or at l5g? %att]$ by ! developm5t ( "s orig9al fault )9 x4 #g4 ,b :atev] be ! risk ( corruption f int]c\rse ) ! _w ar\nd1 su* a risk mu/ be enc\nt]$ if a great idea is duly to be und]/ood1 & mu* m if x is to be fully exhibit$4 ,x is elicit$ & exp&$ by trial1 & battles into p]fection & supremacy4 ,nor does x escape ! collision ( op9ion ev5 9 its e>li] ye>s1 nor does x rema9 tru] to itself1 & ) a bett] claim to be consid]$ "o & ! same1 ?\gh ext]nally protect$ f vicissitude & *ange4 ,x is inde$ sometimes said t ! /ream is cle>e/ ne> ! spr+4 ,:atev] use may fairly be made ( ?is image1 x does n apply to ! hi/ory ( a philosophy or belief1 :i* on ! contr>y is m equable1 & pur]1 & /rong]1 :5 its b$ has become deep1 & broad1 & full4 ,x necess>ily rises out ( an exi/+ /ate ( ?+s1 & = a "t sav\rs ( ! soil4 ,its vital elem5t ne$s dis5gag+ f :at is =eign & tempor>y1 & is employ$ 9 ef=ts aft] fre$om :i* become m vigor\s & hopeful z its ye>s increase4 ,its beg9n+s are no measure ( its capabilities1 nor ( its scope4 ,at fir/ no "o kn[s :at x is1 or :at x is wor?4 ,x rema9s p]haps = a "t quiesc5t2 x tries1 z x 71 its limbs1 & proves ! gr\nd "u x1 & feels its way4 ,f "t to "t x makes essays :i* fail1 & are 9 consequ5ce ab&on$4 ,x seems 9 susp5se :i* way to g2 x wav]s1 & at l5g? /rikes out 9 "o def9ite direction4 ,9 "t x ent]s ^u /range t]ritory2 po9ts ( controv]sy alt] _! be>+2 p>ties rise & fall ar\nd x2 dang]s & hopes appe> 9 new relations2 & old pr9ciples reappe> "u new =ms4 ,x *anges ) !m 9 ord] to rema9 ! same4 ,9 a high] _w x is o!rwise1 b "h bel[ to live is to *ange1 & to be p]fect is to h *ang$ (t54 ,,section ,,ii4 ,,on ,,! ,,k9ds ,,( ,,developm5t ,,9 ,,ideas4 ,to attempt an accurate analysis or complete enum]ation ( ! processes ( ?\ght1 :e!r speculative or practical1 :i* come "u ! notion ( developm5t1 exce$s ! pret5sions ( an ,essay l ! pres5t2 b1 )\t "s g5]al view ( ! v>i\s m5tal ex]cises :i* g by ! "n we %all h no security aga9/ confusion 9 our reason+ & necess>y exposure to criticism4 #a4 ,fir/1 !n1 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! ^w is commonly us$1 & is us$ "h1 9 ?ree s5ses indiscrim9ately1 f defect ( our language2 on ! "o h& = ! process ( developm5t1 on ! o!r = ! result2 & aga9 ei!r g5]ally = a developm5t1 true or n true1 7t is1 fai?ful or unfai?ful to ! idea f :i* x />t$17 or exclusively = a developm5t des]v+ ! "n4 ,a false or unfai?ful developm5t is m prop]ly to be call$ a corruption4 #b4 ,next1 x is pla9 t ma!matical developm5ts1 t is1 ! sy/em ( tru?s drawn out f ma!matical def9itions or equations1 d n fall "u our pres5t subject1 ?\gh altoge!r analog\s to x4 ,!re c be no corruption 9 su* developm5ts1 because !y are conduct$ on /rict demon/ration2 & ! conclusions 9 :i* !y t]m9ate1 be+ necess>y1 _c be decl5sions f ! orig9al idea4 #c4 ,nor1 ( c\rse1 d physical developm5ts1 z ! gr[? ( animal or vegetable nature1 come into consid]ation "h2 except+ t1 toge!r ) ma!matical1 !y may be tak5 z illu/rations ( ! g5]al subject to :i* we h to direct our att5tion4 #d4 ,nor h we to consid] mat]ial developm5ts1 :i*1 ?\gh effect$ by human contrivance1 are /ill physical2 z ! developm5t1 z x is call$1 ( ! national res\rces4 ,we speak1 = in/ance1 ( ,irel&1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or ! valley ( ! ,indus1 z admitt+ ( a great developm5t2 by :i* we mean1 t ^? c\ntries h f]tile tracts1 or abundant products1 or broad & deep riv]s1 or c5tral positions = comm]ce1 or capaci\s & commodi\s h>b\rs1 ! mat]ials & in/rum5ts ( weal?1 & ^! at pres5t turn$ to insuffici5t acc\nt4 ,developm5t 9 ?is case w proce$ by e/abli%+ m>ts1 cutt+ canals1 lay+ d[n railroads1 erect+ factories1 =m+ docks1 & simil> works1 by :i* ! natural ri*es ( ! c\ntry may be made to yield ! l>ge/ return & to ex]t ! greate/ influ5ce4 ,9 ?is s5se1 art is ! developm5t ( nature1 t is1 its adaptation to ! purposes ( utility & beauty1 ! human intellect be+ ! develop+ p[]4 #b4 #e4 ,:5 society & its v>i\s classes & int]e/s are ! subject-matt] ( ! ideas :i* are 9 op]ation1 ! developm5t may be call$ political2 z we see x 9 ! gr[? ( ,/ates or ! *anges ( a ,con/itution4 ,b>b>ians desc5d into s\!rn regions f cupidity1 & _! w>rant is ! sword3 ?is is no intellectual process1 nor is x ! mode ( developm5t exhibit$ 9 civiliz$ communities4 ,:]e civilization exi/s1 reason1 9 "s %ape or o!r1 is ! inc5tive or ! pret5ce ( developm5t4 ,:5 an empire enl>ges1 x is on ! call ( its allies1 or = ! balance ( p[]1 or f ! necessity ( a demon/ration ( /r5g?1 or f a fe> = its fronti]s4 ,x lies uneasily 9 its t]ritory1 x is ill-%ap$1 x has unreal b\nd>y-l9es1 defici5t communication betwe5 its pr9cipal po9ts1 or def5celess or turbul5t neighb\rs4 ,?us1 ( old "t1 ,euboea 0 necess>y = ,a!ns1 & ,cy!ra = ,sp>ta2 & ,augu/us left 8 advice1 z a legacy1 to conf9e ! ,empire betwe5 ! ,atlantic1 ! ,rh9e & ,danube1 ! ,euphrates1 & ! ,arabian & ,african des]ts4 ,9 ?is day1 we he> ( ! ,rh9e be+ ! natural b\nd>y ( ,france1 & ! ,indus ( our ,ea/]n empire2 & we pr$ict t1 9 ! ev5t ( a w>1 ,prussia w *ange h] outl9es 9 ! map ( ,europe4 ,! developm5t is mat]ial2 b an idea gives unity & =ce to its movem5t4 ,& s to take a case ( national politics1 a late writ] rem>ks ( ! ,p>liam5t ( #afbh-bi1 9 its conte/ ) ,*>les1 t1 s f> f encroa*+ on ! j p[]s ( a limit$ mon>*1 x nev] h9t$ at ! securities :i* 7 necess>y = its measures4 ,h[ev]1 twelve ye>s m ( repeat$ aggressions1 he adds1 taught ! ,long ,p>liam5t :at a few sagaci\s m5 might p]haps h already suspect$2 t !y mu/ recov] m ( _! anci5t con/itution1 f oblivion2 t !y mu/ su/a9 its p>tial weakness by new securities2 t1 9 ord] to r5d] ! exi/5ce ( mon>*y compatible ) t ( fre$om1 !y mu/ n only /rip x ( all x _h usurp$1 b ( some?+ t 0 its own4#dc3a ,:atev] be ! wor? ( ?is au?or's !ory1 8 facts or repres5tations are an illu/ration ( a political developm5t4 ,aga91 at ! pres5t day1 t ,irel& %\ld h a population ( "o cre$1 & a ,*ur* ( ano!r1 is felt to be a political arrangem5t s unsatisfactory1 t all p>ties seem to agree t ei!r ! population w develope 9 p[] or ! ,e/abli%m5t 9 influ5ce4 ,political developm5ts1 ?\gh really ! gr[? ( ideas1 are (t5 caprici\s & irregul> f ! nature ( _! subject-matt]4 ,!y are influ5c$ by ! "* ( sov]eigns1 ! rise & fall ( /atesm51 ! fate ( battles1 & ! numb]less vicissitudes ( ! _w4 ,p]haps ! ,greeks w\ld be /ill involv$ 9 ! h]esy ( ! ,monophysites1 says ,gibbon1 if ! ,emp]or's horse _h n =tunately /umbl$4 ,!odosius expir$1 8 or?odox si/] succe$$ to ! ?rone4#dd3a #c4 ,aga91 x (t5 happ5s1 or g5]ally1 t v>i\s di/9ct & incompatible elem5ts are f\nd 9 ! orig9 or infancy ( politics1 or inde$ ( philosophies1 "s ( :i* mu/ be eject$ be=e any satisfactory developm5ts1 if any1 c take place4 ,& !y are commonly eject$ by ! gradual gr[? ( ! /rong]4 ,! reign ( ,*>les ! ,fir/1 j ref]r$ to1 supplies an in/ance 9 po9t4 ,sometimes discordant ideas are = a "t connect$ & conceal$ by a common pr(ession or "n4 ,su* is ! case ( coalitions 9 politics & compreh5sions 9 religion1 ( :i* commonly no good is to be expect$4 ,su* is an ord9>y function ( committees & bo>ds1 & ! sole aim ( conciliations & concessions1 to make contr>ies look ! same1 & to secure an outw>d agreem5t :]e !re is no o!r unity4 ,aga91 developm5ts1 reactions1 re=ms1 revolutions1 & *anges ( v>i\s k9ds are mix$ toge!r 9 ! actual hi/ory ( /ates1 z ( philosophical sects1 s z to make x v difficult to exhibit !m 9 any sci5tific analysis4 ,(t5 ! intellectual process is deta*$ f ! practical1 & po/]ior to x4 ,?us x 0 aft] ,elizabe? _h e/abli%$ ! ,re=mation t ,hook] laid d[n 8 !ory ( ,*ur* & ,/ate z "o & ! same1 diff]+ only 9 idea2 &1 aft] ! ,revolution & its political consequ5ces1 t ,w>burton wrote 8 ,alliance4 ,& n[ aga9 a new !ory is ne$$ = ! con/itutional lawy]1 9 ord] to reconcile ! exi/+ political /ate ( ?+s ) ! j claims ( religion4 ,& s1 aga91 9 ,p>liam5t>y conflicts1 m5 fir/ come to _! conclusions by ! ext]nal pressure ( ev5ts or ! =ce ( pr9ciples1 !y d n "k h[2 !n !y h to speak1 & !y look ab\t = argum5ts3 & a pamphlet is publi%$ on ! subject 9 debate1 or an article appe>s 9 a ,review1 to furni% common-places = ! _m4 ,o!r developm5ts1 ?\gh political1 are /rictly subject$ & consequ5t to ! ideas ( :i* !y are ! exhibitions4 ,?us ,locke's philosophy 0 a real guide1 n a m]e def5ce ( ! ,revolution era1 op]at+ =cibly ^u ,*ur* & ,gov]nm5t 9 & aft] 8 day4 ,su* too 7 ! !ories :i* prec$$ ! ov]?r[ ( ! old regime 9 ,france & o!r c\ntries at ! end ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,aga91 p]haps !re are polities f\nd$ on no ideas at all1 b on m]e cu/om1 z among ! ,asiatics4 #d4 #f4 ,9 o!r developm5ts ! intellectual "* is s prom95t t !y may ev5 be call$ logical1 z 9 ! ,anglican doctr9e ( ! ,royal ,supremacy1 :i* has be5 creat$ 9 ! c\rts ( law1 n 9 ! cab9et or on ! field4 ,h5ce x is c>ri$ out ) a consi/5cy & m9ute application :i* ! hi/ory ( con/itutions _c exhibit4 ,x does n only exi/ 9 /atutes1 or 9 articles1 or 9 oa?s1 x is realiz$ 9 details3 z 9 ! cong d'lire & lett]-missive on appo9tm5t ( a ,bi%op2--9 ! =ms obs]v$ 9 ,privy ,c\ncil on ! issu+ ( ,/ate ,pray]s2--9 c]ta9 arrangem5ts obs]v$ 9 ! ,pray]-book1 :]e ! univ]sal or ab/ract ,*ur* prec$es ! ,k+1 b ! national or really exi/+ body foll[s him2 9 pr9t+ 8 "n 9 l>ge capitals1 :ile ! ,holie/ ,names are 9 ord9>y type1 & 9 fix+ 8 arms 9 *ur*es in/ead ( ! ,crucifix2 moreov]1 p]haps1 9 plac+ s$ition1 privy conspiracy1 & rebellion1 be=e false doctr9e1 h]esy1 & s*ism 9 ! ,litany4 ,aga91 :5 "s new philosophy or its in/alm5ts are introduc$ into ! measures ( ! ,legislature1 or into ! concessions made to a political p>ty1 or into comm]cial or agricultural policy1 x is (t5 said1 ,we h n se5 ! end ( ?is2 ,x is an e>ne/ ( future concessions2 ,our *ildr5 w see4 ,we feel t x has unkn[n be>+s & issues4 ,! admission ( ,jews to municipal (fices has lately be5 def5d$#df3a on ! gr\nd t x is ! introduction ( no new pr9ciple1 b a developm5t ( "o already receiv$2 t its great premisses h be5 decid$ long s9ce2 & t ! pres5t age has b to draw ! conclusion2 t x is n op5 to u to inquire :at ought to be done 9 ! ab/ract1 s9ce !re is no ideal model = ! infallible guidance ( nations2 t *ange is only a "q ( "t1 & t !re is a "t = all ?+s2 t ! application ( pr9ciples ought n to g beyond ! actual case1 nei!r prec$+ nor com+ aft] an imp]ative dem&2 t 9 po9t ( fact ,jews h lately be5 *os5 = (fices1 & t 9 po9t ( pr9ciple ! law _c refuse to legitimate su* elections4 #e4 #g4 ,ano!r class ( developm5ts may be call$ hi/orical2 be+ ! gradual =mation ( op9ion conc]n+ p]sons1 facts1 & ev5ts4 ,judgm5ts1 :i* 7 at "o "t conf9$ to a few1 at l5g? spread ?r\gh a community1 & atta9 g5]al reception by ! accumulation & concurr5ce ( te/imony4 ,?us "s au?oritative acc\nts die away2 o!rs ga9 a foot+1 & are ultimately receiv$ z tru?s4 ,c\rts ( law1 ,p>liam5t>y proce$+s1 newspap]s1 lett]s & o!r po/hum\s docum5ts1 ! indu/ry ( hi/orians & biograph]s1 & ! lapse ( ye>s :i* dissipates p>ties & prejudices1 are 9 ?is day ! in/rum5ts ( su* developm5t4 ,accord+ly ! ,poet makes ,tru? ! daught] ( ,"t4#dg3a ,?us at l5g? approximations are made to a "r appreciation ( transactions & *>act]s4 ,hi/ory _c be writt5 except 9 an aft]-age4 ,?us by developm5t ! ,canon ( ! ,new ,te/am5t has be5 =m$4 ,?us public m5 are cont5t to leave _! reputation to po/]ity2 great reactions take place 9 op9ion2 nay1 sometimes m5 outlive opposition & obloquy4 ,?us ,sa9ts are canoniz$ 9 ! ,*ur*1 long aft] !y h ent]$ into _! re/4 #f4 #h4 ,e?ical developm5ts are n prop]ly matt] = argum5t & controv]sy1 b are natural & p]sonal1 sub/itut+ :at is congru\s1 desirable1 pi\s1 appropriate1 g5]\s1 = /rictly logical inf]5ce4 ,bi%op ,butl] supplies u ) a rem>kable in/ance 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,second ,"p ( 8 ,analogy4 ,z pr9ciples imply applications1 & g5]al propositions include p>ticul>s1 s1 he tells u1 d c]ta9 relations imply correlative duties1 & c]ta9 objects dem& c]ta9 acts & feel+s4 ,he obs]ves t1 ev5 ?\gh we 7 n enjo9$ to pay div9e hon\rs to ! ,second & ,?ird ,p]sons ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 :at is pr$icat$ ( ,!m 9 ,scripture w\ld be an abundant w>rant1 an indirect comm&1 nay1 a gr\nd 9 reason1 = do+ s4 ,does n1 he asks1 ! duty ( religi\s reg>ds to bo? ^! ,div9e ,p]sons z imm$iately arise1 to ! view ( reason1 out ( ! v nature ( ^! (fices & relations1 z ! inw>d good-w & k9d int5tion :i* we owe to our fell[-creatures arises out ( ! common relations betwe5 u & !m8 ,he proce$s to say t he is speak+ ( ! inw>d religi\s reg>ds ( rev]5ce1 hon\r1 love1 tru/1 gratitude1 fe>1 hope4 ,9 :at ext]nal mann] ?is inw>d wor%ip is to be express$1 is a matt] ( pure reveal$ comm&2 4 4 b ! wor%ip1 ! int]nal wor%ip itself1 to ! ,son & ,holy ,gho/1 is no fur!r matt] ( pure reveal$ comm& ?an z ! relations !y /& 9 to u are matt] ( pure revelation2 =1 ! relations be+ kn[n1 ! obligations to su* int]nal wor%ip are obligations ( reason1 aris+ out ( ^? relations !mselves4 ,"h is a developm5t ( doctr9e into wor%ip1 ( :i* p>allel in/ances are obvi\sly to be f\nd 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 #g4 ,a developm5t1 conv]se to t :i* ,butl] speaks (1 mu/ next be m5tion$4 ,z c]ta9 objects excite c]ta9 emotions & s5tim5ts1 s d s5tim5ts imply objects & duties4 ,?us consci5ce1 ! exi/5ce ( :i* we _c d5y1 is a pro( ( ! doctr9e ( a ,moral ,gov]nor1 :i* alone gives x a mean+ & a scope2 t is1 ! doctr9e ( a ,judge & ,judgm5t to come is a developm5t ( ! ph5om5on ( consci5ce4 ,aga91 x is pla9 t passions & affections are 9 action 9 our m9ds be=e ! pres5ce ( _! prop] objects2 & _! activity w\ld ( c\rse be an antec$5t argum5t ( extreme cog5cy 9 behalf ( ! real exi/5ce ( ^? legitimate objects1 suppos+ !m unkn[n4 ,& s aga91 ! social pr9ciple1 :i* is innate 9 u1 gives a div9e sanction to society & to civil gov]nm5t4 ,& ! usage ( pray]s = ! dead implies c]ta9 circum/ances ( _! /ate ^u :i* su* devotions be>4 ,& rites & c]emonies are natural means ?r\gh :i* ! m9d relieves itself ( devotional & p5it5tial emotions4 ,& sometimes ! cultivation ( awe & love t[>ds :at is great1 high1 & unse51 has l$ a man to ! ab&onm5t ( 8 sect = "s m ,ca?olic =m ( doctr9e4 ,ari/otle furni%es u ) an in/ance ( ?is k9d ( developm5t 9 8 acc\nt ( ! happy man4 ,aft] %[+ t 8 def9ition ( happ9ess includes 9 itself ! pleasurable1 :i* is ! mo/ obvi\s & popul> idea ( happ9ess1 he goes on to say t /ill ext]nal goods are necess>y to x1 ab\t :i*1 h[ev]1 ! def9ition said no?+2 t is1 a c]ta9 prosp]ity is by moral fitness1 n by logical necessity1 atta*$ to ! happy man4 ,= x is impossible1 he obs]ves1 or n easy1 to practise high virtue )\t abundant means4 ,_m de$s are done by ! in/rum5tality ( fri5ds1 weal? & political p[]2 & ( "s ?+s ! abs5ce is a cl\d ^u happ9ess1 z ( noble bir?1 ( hopeful *ildr51 & ( p]sonal appe>ance3 = a p]son utt]ly de=m$1 or l[-born1 or b]eav$ & *ildless1 _c q be happy3 & /ill less if he h v wor?less *ildr5 or fri5ds1 or !y 7 good & di$4#di3a #h4 ,?is process ( developm5t has be5 well del9eat$ by a liv+ ,fr5* writ]1 9 8 ,lectures on ,european civilization1 :o %all be quot$ at "s l5g?4 ,if we r$uce religion1 he says1 to a purely religi\s s5tim5t 4 4 4 x appe>s evid5t t x mu/ & ought to rema9 a purely p]sonal conc]n4 ,b ,i am ei!r /rangely mi/ak51 or ?is religi\s s5tim5t is n ! complete expression ( ! religi\s nature ( man4 ,religion is1 ,i believe1 v diff]5t f ?is1 & mu* m ext5d$4 ,!re are problems 9 human nature1 9 human de/9ies1 :i* _c be solv$ 9 ?is life1 :i* dep5d on an ord] ( ?+s unconnect$ ) ! visible _w1 b :i* unceas+ly agitate ! human m9d ) a desire to compreh5d !m4 ,! solution ( ^! problems is ! orig9 ( all religion2 h] prim>y object is to discov] ! cre$s & doctr9es :i* conta91 or are suppos$ to conta9 x4 ,ano!r cause also impels mank9d to embrace religion 4 4 4 ,f :5ce d morals orig9ate8 :i!r d !y lead8 is ?is self-exi/+ obligation to d good1 an isolat$ fact1 )\t an au?or1 )\t an end8 does x n conceal1 or r does x n reveal to man1 an orig91 a de/9y1 beyond ?is _w8 ,! sci5ce ( morals1 by ^! spontane\s & inevitable que/ions1 conducts man to ! ?re%old ( religion1 & displays to him a sph]e f :5ce he has n d]iv$ x4 ,?us ! c]ta9 & nev]-fail+ s\rces ( religion are1 on ! "o h&1 ! problems ( our nature2 on ! o!r1 ! necessity ( seek+ = morals a sanction1 an orig91 & an aim4 ,x !re=e assumes _m o!r =ms beside t ( a pure s5tim5t2 x appe>s a union ( doctr9es1 ( precepts1 ( promises4 ,?is is :at truly con/itutes religion2 ?is is its fundam5tal "*2 x is n m]ely a =m ( s5sibility1 an impulse ( ! imag9ation1 a v>iety ( poetry4 ,:5 ?us br\ght back to its true elem5ts1 to its ess5tial nature1 religion appe>s no long] a purely p]sonal conc]n1 b a p[]ful & fruitful pr9ciple ( association4 ,is x consid]$ 9 ! light ( a sy/em ( belief1 a sy/em ( dogmas8 ,tru? is n ! h]itage ( any individual1 x is absolute & univ]sal2 mank9d ought to seek & pr(ess x 9 common4 ,is x consid]$ ) ref]5ce to ! precepts t are associat$ ) its doctr9es8 ,a law :i* is obligatory on a s+le individual1 is s on all2 x ought to be promulgat$1 & x is our duty to endeav\r to br+ all mank9d "u its dom9ion4 ,x is ! same ) respect to ! promises t religion makes1 9 ! "n ( its cre$s & precepts2 !y ought to be diffus$2 all m5 %\ld be incit$ to p>take ( _! b5efits4 ,a religi\s society1 !re=e1 naturally results f ! ess5tial elem5ts ( religion1 & is su* a necess>y consequ5ce ( x t ! t]m :i* expresses ! mo/ en]getic social s5tim5t1 ! mo/ int5se desire to propagate ideas & ext5d society1 is ! ^w proselytism1 a t]m :i* is especially appli$ to religi\s belief1 & 9 fact consecrat$ to x4 ,:5 a religi\s society has ev] be5 =m$1 :5 a c]ta9 numb] ( m5 are unit$ by a common religi\s cre$1 are gov]n$ by ! same religi\s precepts1 & enjoy ! same religi\s hopes1 "s =m ( gov]nm5t is necess>y4 ,no society c endure a week1 nay m1 no society c endure a s+le h\r1 )\t a gov]nm5t4 ,! mom5t1 inde$1 a society is =m$1 by ! v fact ( its =mation1 x calls =? a gov]nm5t1--a gov]nm5t :i* %all proclaim ! common tru? :i* is ! bond ( ! society1 & promulgate & ma9ta9 ! precepts t ?is tru? ought to produce4 ,! necessity ( a sup]ior p[]1 ( a =m ( gov]nm5t1 is involv$ 9 ! fact ( ! exi/5ce ( a religi\s1 z x is 9 t ( any o!r society4 ,& n only is a gov]nm5t necess>y1 b x naturally =ms itself4 4 4 4 ,:5 ev5ts are suff]$ to foll[ _! natural laws1 :5 =ce does n int]f]e1 p[] falls into ! h&s ( ! mo/ able1 ! mo/ wor?y1 ^? :o are mo/ capable ( c>ry+ out ! pr9ciples on :i* ! society 0 f\nd$4 ,is a w>like exp$ition 9 agitation8 ,! brave/ take ! comm&4 ,is ! object ( ! association le>n$ rese>*1 or a sci5tific und]tak+8 ,! be/ in=m$ w be ! lead]4 4 4 4 ,! inequality ( faculties & influ5ce1 :i* is ! f\ndation ( p[] 9 civil life1 has ! same effect 9 a religi\s society4 4 4 ,religion has no soon] aris5 9 ! human m9d ?an a religi\s society appe>s2 & imm$iately a religi\s society is =m$1 x produces its gov]nm5t4#eb3a #i4 #i4 ,x rema9s to allude to :at1 unless ! ^w 7 (t5 s vaguely & v>i\sly us$1 ,i %\ld be l$ to call metaphysical developm5ts2 ,i mean su* z are a m]e analysis ( ! idea contemplat$1 & t]m9ate 9 its exact & complete del9eation4 ,?us ,ari/otle draws ! "* ( a magnanim\s or ( a munific5t man2 ?us ,%akspe>e might conceive & br+ out 8 ,hamlet or ,ariel2 ?us ,walt] ,scott gradually enucleates 8 ,james1 or ,dalgetty1 z ! action ( 8 /ory proce$s2 & ?us1 9 ! sacr$ prov9ce ( !ology1 ! m9d may be employ$ 9 develop+ ! solemn ideas1 :i* x has hi!rto held implicitly & )\t subject+ !m to its reflect+ & reason+ p[]s4 ,i h already treat$ ( ?is subject at l5g?1 ) a ref]5ce to ! highe/ !ological subject1 9 a =m] "w1 f :i* x w be suffici5t "h to quote "s s5t5ces 9 explanation3-- ,! m9d :i* is habituat$ to ! ?\ght ( ,god1 ( ,*ri/1 ( ! ,holy ,_s1 naturally turns ) a dev\t curiosity to ! contemplation ( ! object ( its adoration1 & beg9s to =m /atem5ts conc]n+ x1 be=e x kn[s :i!r1 or h[ f>1 x w be c>ri$4 ,"o proposition necess>ily leads to ano!r1 & a second to a ?ird2 !n "s limitation is requir$2 & ! comb9ation ( ^! opposites occasions "s fre% evolutions f ! orig9al idea1 :i* inde$ c nev] be said to be entirely exhau/$4 ,?is process is its developm5t1 & results 9 a s]ies1 or r body1 ( dogmatic /atem5ts1 till :at 0 an impression on ! ,imag9ation has become a sy/em or cre$ 9 ! ,reason4 ,n[ su* impressions are obvi\sly individual & complete above o!r !ological ideas1 because !y are ! impressions ( ,objects4 ,ideas & _! developm5ts are commonly n id5tical1 ! developm5t be+ b ! c>ry+ out ( ! idea into its consequ5ces4 ,?us ! doctr9e ( ,p5ance may be call$ a developm5t ( ! doctr9e ( ,baptism1 yet /ill is a di/9ct doctr9e2 :]eas ! developm5ts 9 ! doctr9es ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity & ! ,inc>nation are m]e portions ( ! orig9al impression1 & modes ( repres5t+ x4 ,z ,god is "o1 s ! impression :i* ,he gives u ( ,himself is "o2 x is n a ?+ ( p>ts2 x is n a sy/em2 nor is x any?+ imp]fect & ne$+ a c\nt]p>t4 ,x is ! vision ( an object4 ,:5 we pray1 we pray1 n to an assemblage ( notions or to a cre$1 b to ,"o ,individual ,be+2 & :5 we speak ( ,him1 we speak ( a ,p]son1 n ( a ,law or ,manife/ation 4 4 4 ,religi\s m51 accord+ to _! measure1 h an idea or vision ( ! ,bless$ ,tr9ity 9 ,unity1 ( ! ,son ,inc>nate1 & ( ,8 ,pres5ce1 n z a numb] ( qualities1 attributes1 & actions1 n z ! subject ( a numb] ( propositions1 b z "o & individual1 & indep5d5t ( words1 l an impression convey$ ?r\gh ! s5ses4 4 4 4 ,cre$s & dogmas live 9 ! "o idea :i* !y are design$ to express1 & :i* alone is sub/antive2 & are necess>y1 because ! human m9d _c reflect ^u t idea except piecemeal1 _c use x 9 its on5ess & entir5ess1 or )\t resolv+ x into a s]ies ( aspects & relations4#ec3a #aj4 ,s mu* on ! developm5t ( ideas 9 v>i\s subject matt]s3 x may be necess>y to add t1 9 _m cases1 developm5t simply /&s = exhibition1 z 9 "s ( ! in/ances adduc$ above4 ,?us bo? ,calv9ism & ,unit>ianism may be call$ developm5ts1 t is1 exhibitions1 ( ! pr9ciple ( ,private ,judgm5t1 ?\gh !y h no?+ 9 common1 view$ z doctr9es4 ,z to ,*ri/ianity1 suppos+ ! tru?s ( :i* x consi/s to admit ( developm5t1 t developm5t w be "o or o!r ( ! la/ five k9ds4 ,tak+ ! ,inc>nation z its c5tral doctr9e1 ! ,episcopate1 z taught by ,/4 ,ignatius1 w be an in/ance ( political developm5t1 ! ,!otokos ( logical1 ! det]m9ation ( ! date ( our ,"l's bir? ( hi/orical1 ! ,holy ,eu*>i/ ( moral1 & ! ,a?anasian ,cre$ ( metaphysical4 ,,footnotes3 #dc3a ,hallam's ,con/it4 ,hi/4 *4 vii4 p4 #egb4 #dd3a *4 xlvii4 #df3a ,times newspap] ( ,m>*1 #ahde4 #dg3a ,crabbe's ,tales4 #di3a ,e?4 ,nic4 i4 #h4 #eb3a ,guizot1 ,europ4 ,civil41 ,lect4 v41 ,beck)'s ,translation4 #ec3a ,univ4 ,s]m4 xv4 #bj-bc1 pp4 #cbi-ccb1 ed4 #c4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,on ,,! ,,antec$5t ,,argum5t ,,9 ,,behalf ,,( ,,developm5ts ,,9 ,,*ri/ian ,,doctr9e4 ,,section ,i4 ,,developm5ts ,,( ,,doctr9e ,,to ,,be ,,expect$4 #a4 ,if ,*ri/ianity is a fact1 & impresses an idea ( itself on our m9ds & is a subject-matt] ( ex]cises ( ! reason1 t idea w 9 c\rse ( "t exp& into a multitude ( ideas1 & aspects ( ideas1 connect$ & h>moni\s ) "o ano!r1 & 9 !mselves det]m9ate & immutable1 z is ! objective fact itself :i* is ?us repres5t$4 ,x is a *>act]i/ic ( our m9ds1 t !y _c take an object 91 :i* is submitt$ to !m simply & integrally4 ,we conceive by means ( def9ition or description2 :ole objects d n create 9 ! intellect :ole ideas1 b are1 to use a ma!matical phrase1 ?r[n into s]ies1 into a numb] ( /atem5ts1 /r5g!n+1 int]pret+1 correct+ ea* o!r1 & ) m or less exactness approximat+1 z !y accumulate1 to a p]fect image4 ,!re is no o!r way ( le>n+ or ( tea*+4 ,we _c tea* except by aspects or views1 :i* are n id5tical ) ! ?+ itself :i* we are tea*+4 ,two p]sons may ea* convey ! same tru? to a ?ird1 yet by me?ods & ?r\gh repres5tations altoge!r diff]5t4 ,! same p]son w treat ! same argum5t diff]5tly 9 an essay or spee*1 accord+ to ! accid5t ( ! day ( writ+1 or ( ! audi5ce1 yet x w be sub/antially ! same4 ,& ! m claim an idea has to be consid]$ liv+1 ! m v>i\s w be its aspects2 & ! m social & political is its nature1 ! m complicat$ & subtle w be its issues1 & ! long] & m ev5tful w be its c\rse4 ,& 9 ! numb] ( ^! special ideas1 :i* f _! v dep? & ri*ness _c be fully und]/ood at once1 b are m & m cle>ly express$ & taught ! long] !y la/1--hav+ aspects _m & be>+s _m1 mutually connect$ & gr[+ "o out ( ano!r1 & all p>ts ( a :ole1 ) a sympa?y & correspond5ce keep+ pace ) ! ev]-*ang+ necessities ( ! _w1 multi=m1 prolific1 & ev] res\rceful1--among ^! great doctr9es surely we ,*ri/ians %all n refuse a =emo/ place to ,*ri/ianity4 ,su* previ\sly to ! det]m9ation ( ! fact1 mu/ be our anticipation conc]n+ x f a contemplation ( its initial a*ievem5ts4 #b4 ,x may be object$ t its inspir$ docum5ts at once det]m9e ! limits ( its mission )\t fur!r tr\ble2 b ideas are 9 ! writ] & read] ( ! revelation1 n ! inspir$ text itself3 & ! "q is :e!r ^? ideas :i* ! lett] conveys f writ] to read]1 rea* ! read] at once 9 _! complet5ess & accuracy on 8 fir/ p]ception ( !m1 or :e!r !y op5 out 9 8 intellect & gr[ to p]fection 9 ! c\rse ( "t4 ,nor c\ld x surely be ma9ta9$ )\t extravagance t ! lett] ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 or ( any assignable numb] ( books1 comprises a del9eation ( all possible =ms :i* a div9e message w assume :5 submitt$ to a multitude ( m9ds4 ,nor is ! case alt]$ by suppos+ t inspiration provid$ 9 behalf ( ! fir/ recipi5ts ( ! ,revelation1 :at ! ,div9e ,fiat effect$ = h]bs & plants 9 ! beg9n+1 :i* 7 creat$ 9 maturity4 ,/ill1 ! "t at l5g? came1 :5 its recipi5ts ceas$ to be inspir$2 & on ^! recipi5ts ! reveal$ tru?s w\ld fall1 z 9 o!r cases1 at fir/ vaguely & g5]ally1 ?\gh 9 _s & 9 tru?1 & w\ld aft]w>ds be complet$ by developm5ts4 ,nor c x fairly be made a difficulty t ?us to treat ( ,*ri/ianity is to level x 9 "s sort to sects & doctr9es ( ! _w1 & to impute to x ! imp]fections :i* *>act]ize ! productions ( man4 ,c]ta9ly x is a sort ( degradation ( a div9e "w to consid] x "u an e>?ly =m2 b x is no irrev]5ce1 s9ce our ,"l ,himself1 its ,au?or & ,gu>dian1 bore "o also4 ,*ri/ianity diff]s f o!r religions & philosophies1 9 :at is sup]add$ to e>? f heav52 n 9 k9d1 b 9 orig92 n 9 its nature1 b 9 its p]sonal *>act]i/ics2 be+ in=m$ & quick5$ by :at is m ?an intellect1 by a div9e _s4 ,x is ext]nally :at ! ,apo/le calls an e>!n vessel1 be+ ! religion ( m54 ,&1 consid]$ z su*1 x gr[s 9 wisdom & /ature2 b ! p[]s :i* x wields1 & ! words :i* proce$ out ( its m\?1 atte/ its miracul\s nativity4 ,unless !n "s special gr\nd ( exception c be assign$1 x is z evid5t t ,*ri/ianity1 z a doctr9e & wor%ip1 w develope 9 ! m9ds ( recipi5ts1 z t x con=ms 9 o!r respects1 9 its ext]nal propagation or its political framework1 to ! g5]al me?ods by :i* ! c\rse ( ?+s is c>ri$ =w>d4 #c4 #b4 ,aga91 if ,*ri/ianity be an univ]sal religion1 suit$ n simply to "o locality or p]iod1 b to all times & places1 x _c b v>y 9 its relations & deal+s t[>ds ! _w ar\nd x1 t is1 x w develope4 ,pr9ciples require a v v>i\s application accord+ z p]sons & circum/ances v>y1 & mu/ be ?r[n into new %apes accord+ to ! =m ( society :i* !y are to influ5ce4 ,h5ce all bodies ( ,*ri/ians1 or?odox or n1 develope ! doctr9es ( ,scripture4 ,few b w grant t ,lu!r's view ( ju/ification _h nev] be5 /at$ 9 words be=e 8 "t3 t 8 phraseology & 8 positions 7 novel1 :e!r call$ = by circum/ances or n4 ,x is equally c]ta9 t ! doctr9e ( ju/ification def9$ at ,tr5t 01 9 "s s5se1 new also4 ,! refutation & rem$y ( errors _c prec$e _! rise2 & ?us ! fact ( false developm5ts or corruptions involves ! correspond5t manife/ation ( true ones4 ,moreov]1 all p>ties appeal to ,scripture1 t is1 argue f ,scripture2 b argum5t implies d$uction1 t is1 developm5t4 ,"h !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 e>ly times & late1 betwe5 a ,pope ex ca!dr & an individual ,prote/ant1 except t _! au?ority is n on a p>4 ,on ei!r side ! claim ( au?ority is ! same1 & ! process ( developm5t4 ,accord+ly1 ! common compla9t ( ,prote/ants aga9/ ! ,*ur* ( ,rome is1 n simply t %e has add$ to ! primitive or ! ,scriptural doctr9e1 7= ?is !y d !mselves17 b t %e contradicts x1 & moreov] imposes h] additions z fundam5tal tru?s "u sanction ( an ana!ma4 ,= !mselves !y d$uce by q z subtle a me?od1 & act ^u doctr9es z implicit & on reasons z little analyz$ 9 "t pa/1 z ,ca?olic s*oolm54 ,:at prom95ce has ! ,royal ,supremacy 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 or ! lawfulness ( be>+ arms1 or ! duty ( public wor%ip1 or ! sub/itution ( ! fir/ day ( ! week = ! sev5?1 or infant baptism1 to say no?+ ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciple t ! ,bible & ! ,bible only is ! religion ( ,prote/ants8 ,^! doctr9es & usages1 true or n1 :i* is n ! "q "h1 are surely n ga9$ by ! direct use & imm$iate application ( ,scripture1 nor by a m]e ex]cise ( argum5t ^u words & s5t5ces plac$ be=e ! eyes1 b by ! unconsci\s gr[? ( ideas sugge/$ by ! lett] & habitual to ! m9d4 #d4 #c4 ,&1 inde$1 :5 we turn to ! consid]ation ( p>ticul> doctr9es on :i* ,scripture lays ! greate/ /ress1 we %all see t x is absolutely impossible = !m to rema9 9 ! m]e lett] ( ,scripture1 if !y are to be m ?an m]e words1 & to convey a def9ite idea to ! recipi5t4 ,:5 x is decl>$ t ! ,^w became fle%1 ?ree wide que/ions op5 ^u u on ! v ann\ncem5t4 ,:at is meant by ! ,^w1 :at by fle%1 :at by became8 ,! answ]s to ^! involve a process ( inve/igation1 & are developm5ts4 ,moreov]1 :5 !y h be5 made1 !y w sugge/ a s]ies ( second>y que/ions2 & ?us at l5g? a multitude ( propositions is ! result1 :i* ga!r r\nd ! inspir$ s5t5ce ( :i* !y come1 giv+ x ext]nally ! =m ( a doctr9e1 & creat+ or deep5+ ! idea ( x 9 ! m9d4 ,x is true t1 s f> z su* /atem5ts ( ,scripture are my/]ies1 !y are relatively to u b words1 & _c be develop$4 ,b z a my/]y implies 9 "p :at is incompreh5sible or at lea/ unkn[n1 s does x 9 "p imply :at is n s2 x implies a p>tial manife/ation1 or a repres5tation by economy4 ,because !n x is 9 a measure und]/ood1 x c s f> be develop$1 ?\gh ea* result 9 ! process w p>take ( ! dimness & confusion ( ! orig9al impression4 #e4 #d4 ,?is moreov] %\ld be consid]$1--t great que/ions exi/ 9 ! subject-matt] ( :i* ,scripture treats1 :i* ,scripture does n solve2 que/ions too s real1 s practical1 t !y mu/ be answ]$1 &1 unless we suppose a new revelation1 answ]$ by means ( ! revelation :i* we h1 t is1 by developm5t4 ,su* is ! "q ( ! ,canon ( ,scripture & its inspiration3 t is1 :e!r ,*ri/ianity dep5ds ^u a writt5 docum5t z ,judaism2--if s1 on :at writ+s & h[ _m2--:e!r t docum5t is self-int]pret+1 or requires a comm5t1 & :e!r any au?oritative comm5t or comm5tator is provid$2--:e!r ! revelation & ! docum5t are comm5surate1 or ! "o outruns ! o!r2--all ^! que/ions surely f9d no solution on ! surface ( ,scripture1 nor inde$ "u ! surface 9 ! case ( mo/ m51 h[ev] long & dilig5t might be _! /udy ( x4 ,nor 7 ^! difficulties settl$ by au?ority1 z f> z we "k1 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! religion2 yet surely x is q conceivable t an ,apo/le might h dissipat$ !m all 9 a few words1 _h ,div9e ,wisdom ?\ght fit4 ,b 9 matt] ( fact ! decision has be5 left to "t1 to ! sl[ process ( ?\ght1 to ! influ5ce ( m9d ^u m9d1 ! issues ( controv]sy1 & ! gr[? ( op9ion4 #f4 ,to take ano!r in/ance j n[ ref]r$ to3--if !re 0 a po9t on :i* a rule 0 desirable f ! fir/1 x 0 conc]n+ ! religi\s duties "u :i* ,*ri/ian p>5ts lay z reg>ds _! *ildr54 ,x w\ld be natural inde$ 9 any ,*ri/ian fa!r1 9 ! abs5ce ( a rule1 to br+ 8 *ildr5 = baptism2 su* 9 ?is in/ance w\ld be ! practical developm5t ( 8 fai? 9 ,*ri/ & love = 8 (fspr+2 /ill a developm5t x is1--necess>ily requir$1 yet1 z f> z we "k1 n provid$ = 8 ne$ by direct precept 9 ! ,revelation z orig9ally giv54 ,ano!r v l>ge field ( ?\ght1 full ( practical consid]ations1 yet1 z f> z our k goes1 b only p>tially occupi$ by any ,apo/olical judgm5t1 is t :i* ! "q ( ! effects ( ,baptism op5s ^u u4 ,t !y :o came 9 rep5tance & fai? to t ,holy ,sacram5t receiv$ remission ( s9s1 is und\bt$ly ! doctr9e ( ! ,apo/les2 b is !re any means ( a second remission = s9s committ$ aft] x8 ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/les1 :]e we might expect an answ] to our inquiry1 conta9 no explicit /atem5t on ! subject2 :at !y d pla9ly say does n dim9i% ! difficulty3--viz41 fir/1 t baptism is int5d$ = ! p>don ( s9s be=e x1 n 9 prospect2 next1 t ^? :o h receiv$ ! gift ( ,baptism 9 fact live 9 a /ate ( hol9ess1 n ( s94 ,h[ d /atem5ts su* z ^! meet ! actual /ate ( ! ,*ur* z we see x at ?is day8 ,consid]+ t x 0 expressly pr$ict$ t ! ,k+dom ( ,heav51 l ! fi%]'s net1 %\ld ga!r ( e k9d1 & t ! t>es %\ld gr[ ) ! :eat until ! h>ve/1 a grav] & m practical "q _c be imag9$ ?an t :i* x has pleas$ ! ,div9e ,au?or ( ! ,revelation to leave undecid$1 unless inde$ !re be means giv5 9 t ,revelation ( its own gr[? or developm5t4 ,z f> z ! lett] goes ( ! inspir$ message1 e "o :o holds t ,scripture is ! rule ( fai?1 z all ,prote/ants d1 mu/ all[ t !re is n "o ( u b has exce$$ by transgression its reveal$ ,ritual1 & f9ds himself 9 consequ5ce ?r[n ^u ^? inf9ite res\rces ( ,div9e ,love :i* are /or$ 9 ,*ri/1 b h n be5 drawn out into =m 9 ! appo9tm5ts ( ! ,gospel4#fb3a ,s9ce !n ,scripture ne$s completion1 ! "q is br\ght to ?is issue1 :e!r defect or in*oat5ess 9 its doctr9es be or be n an antec$5t probability 9 fav\r ( a developm5t ( !m4 #g4 ,!re is ano!r subject1 ?\gh n s imm$iately practical1 on :i* ,scripture does n1 /rictly speak+1 keep sil5ce1 b says s little z to require1 & s mu* z to sugge/1 in=mation beyond its lett]1--! int]m$iate /ate betwe5 dea? & ! ,resurrection4 ,consid]+ ! long int]val :i* sep>ates ,*ri/'s fir/ & second com+1 ! millions ( fai?ful s\ls :o are wait+ x out1 & ! intimate conc]n :i* e ,*ri/ian has 9 ! det]m9ation ( its "*1 x might h be5 expect$ t ,scripture w\ld h spok5 explicitly conc]n+ x1 :]eas 9 fact its notices are b brief & obscure4 ,we might inde$ h argu$ t ?is sil5ce ( ,scripture 0 int5tional1 ) a view ( disc\rag+ speculations ^u ! subject1 except = ! circum/ance t1 z 9 ! "q ( our po/-baptismal /ate1 its tea*+ seems to proce$ ^u an hypo!sis inapplicable to ! /ate ( ! ,*ur* aft] ! "t :5 x 0 deliv]$4 ,z ,scripture contemplates ,*ri/ians1 n z backslid]s1 b z sa9ts1 s does x app>5tly repres5t ! ,day ( ,judgm5t z imm$iate1 & ! int]val ( expectation z evanesc5t4 ,x leaves on our m9ds ! g5]al impression t ,*ri/ 0 return+ on e>? at once1 ! "t %ort1 worldly engagem5ts sup]s$$ by ! pres5t di/ress1 p]secutors urg5t1 ,*ri/ians1 z a body1 s9less & expectant1 )\t home1 )\t plan = ! future1 look+ up to heav54 ,b outw>d circum/ances h *ang$1 & ) ! *ange1 a diff]5t application ( ! reveal$ ^w has ( necessity be5 dem&$1 t is1 a developm5t4 ,:5 ! nations 7 conv]t$ & (f5ces ab\nd$1 !n ! ,*ur* came out to view1 on ! "o h& z a temporal e/abli%m5t1 on ! o!r z a rem$ial sy/em1 & passages ( ,scripture aid$ & direct$ ! developm5t :i* be=e 7 ( inf]ior acc\nt4 ,h5ce ! doctr9e ( ,p5ance z ! complem5t ( ,baptism1 & ( ,purgatory z ! explanation ( ! ,int]m$iate ,/ate4 ,s reasonable is ?is expansion ( ! orig9al cre$1 t1 :5 "s t5 ye>s s9ce ! true doctr9e ( ,baptism 0 exp\nd$ among u )\t any m5tion ( ,p5ance1 our tea*] 0 accus$ by _m ( u ( ,novatianism2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 het]odox div9es h be=e n[ advocat$ ! doctr9e ( ! sleep ( ! s\l because !y said x 0 ! only successful prev5tive ( belief 9 ,purgatory4 #h4 ,?us developm5ts ( ,*ri/ianity are prov$ to h be5 9 ! contemplation ( its ,div9e ,au?or1 by an argum5t p>allel to t by :i* we inf] intellig5ce 9 ! sy/em ( ! physical _w4 ,9 :atev] s5se ! ne$ & its supply are a pro( ( design 9 ! visible creation1 9 ! same d ! gaps1 if ! ^w may be us$1 :i* occur 9 ! /ructure ( ! orig9al cre$ ( ! ,*ur*1 make x probable t ^? developm5ts1 :i* gr[ out ( ! tru?s :i* lie ar\nd x1 7 int5d$ to fill !m up4 ,nor c x be fairly object$ t 9 ?us argu+ we are contradict+ ! great philosoph]1 :o tells u1 t ^u supposition ( ,god af=d+ u light & in/ruction by revelation1 additional to :at ,he has af=d$ u by reason & exp]i5ce1 we are 9 no sort judges by :at me?ods1 & 9 :at proportion1 x 7 to be expect$ t ?is sup]natural light & in/ruction w\ld be af=d$ u1#fd3a because he is speak+ ( our judg+ be=e a revelation is giv54 ,he obs]ves t we h no pr9ciples ( reason ^u :i* to judge be=eh&1 h[ x 7 to be expect$ ,revelation %\ld h be5 left1 or :at 0 mo/ suitable to ! div9e plan ( gov]nm5t1 9 v>i\s respects2 b ! case is altoge!r alt]$ :5 a ,revelation is v\*saf$1 = !n a new prec$5t1 or :at he calls pr9ciple ( reason1 is introduc$1 & f :at is actually put into our h&s we c =m a judgm5t :e!r m is to be expect$4 ,butl]1 inde$1 z a well-kn[n passage ( 8 "w %[s1 is f> f d5y+ ! pr9ciple ( progressive developm5t4 #i4 #e4 ,! me?od ( revelation obs]v$ 9 ,scripture abundantly confirms ?is anticipation4 ,= in/ance1 ,prophecy1 if x _h s happ5$1 ne$ n h af=d$ a specim5 ( developm5t2 sep>ate pr$ictions might h be5 made to accumulate z "t w5t on1 prospects might h op5$1 def9ite k might h be5 giv51 by communications indep5d5t ( ea* o!r1 z ,/4 ,john's ,gospel or ! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul are unconnect$ ) ! fir/ ?ree ,gospels1 ?\gh ! doctr9e ( ea* ,apo/le is a developm5t ( _! matt]4 ,b ! prophetic ,revelation is1 9 matt] ( fact1 n ( ?is nature1 b a process ( developm5t3 ! e>li] prophecies are pregnant texts out ( :i* ! succe$+ ann\ncem5ts gr[2 !y are types4 ,x is n t fir/ "o tru? is told1 !n ano!r2 b ! :ole tru? or l>ge portions ( x are told at once1 yet only 9 _! rudim5ts1 or 9 m9iature1 & !y are exp&$ & f9i%$ 9 _! p>ts1 z ! c\rse ( revelation proce$s4 ,! ,se$ ( ! woman 0 to bruise ! s]p5t's head2 ! sceptre 0 n to dep>t f ,judah till ,%iloh came1 to :om 0 to be ! ga!r+ ( ! p4 ,he 0 to be ,wond]ful1 ,c\nsellor1 ! ,pr9ce ( ,peace4 ,! "q ( ! ,e?iopian rises 9 ! read]'s m9d1 ,( :om speake? ! ,prophet ?is8 ,e ^w requires a comm5t4 ,accord+ly1 x is no uncommon !ory ) unbeliev]s1 t ! ,messianic idea1 z !y call x1 0 gradually develop$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! ,jews by a cont9u\s & traditional habit ( contemplat+ x1 & grew into its full proportions by a m]e human process2 & s f> seems c]ta91 )\t tr5*+ on ! doctr9e ( inspiration1 t ! books ( ,wisdom & ,ecclesia/icus are developm5ts ( ! writ+s ( ! ,prophets1 express$ or elicit$ by means ( curr5t ideas 9 ! ,greek philosophy1 & ultimately adopt$ & ratifi$ by ! ,apo/le 9 8 ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews4 #aj4 ,b ! :ole ,bible1 n its prophetical portions only1 is writt5 on ! pr9ciple ( developm5t4 ,z ! ,revelation proce$s1 x is ev] new1 yet ev] old4 ,/4 ,john1 :o completes x1 decl>es t he writes no new comm&m5t unto 8 bre?r51 b an old comm&m5t :i* !y _h f ! beg9n+4 ,& !n he adds1 ,a new comm&m5t ,i write unto y4 ,! same te/ ( developm5t is sugge/$ 9 our ,"l's words on ! ,m\nt1 z has already be5 notic$1 ,?9k n t ,i am come to de/roy ! ,law & ! ,prophets2 ,i am n come to de/roy1 b to fulfil4 ,he does n rev]se1 b p]fect1 :at has gone be=e4 ,?us ) respect to ! evangelical view ( ! rite ( sacrifice1 fir/ ! rite is enjo9$ by ,moses2 next ,samuel says1 to obey is bett] ?an sacrifice2 !n ,hosea1 ,i w h m]cy & n sacrifice2 ,isaiah1 ,inc5se is an abom9ation onto me2 !n ,mala*i1 describ+ ! times ( ! ,gospel1 speaks ( ! pure (f]+ ( :eatfl\r2 & our ,"l completes ! developm5t1 :5 ,he speaks ( wor%ipp+ 9 _s & 9 tru?4 ,if !re is any?+ "h left to expla91 x w be f\nd 9 ! usage ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* imm$iately aft]w>ds1 :i* %[s t sacrifice 0 n remov$1 b tru? & _s add$4 ,nay1 ! effata ( our ,"l & ,8 ,apo/les are ( a typical /ructure1 p>allel to ! prophetic ann\ncem5ts above m5tion$1 & pr$ictions z well z injunctions ( doctr9e4 ,if !n ! prophetic s5t5ces h _h t developm5t :i* has really be5 giv5 !m1 fir/ by succe$+ revelations1 & !n by ! ev5t1 x is probable antec$5tly t ^? doctr9al1 political1 ritual1 & e?ical s5t5ces1 :i* h ! same /ructure1 %\ld admit ! same expansion4 ,su* are1 ,?is is ,my ,body1 or ,?\ art ,pet]1 & ^u ?is ,rock ,i w build ,my ,*ur*1 or ,! meek %all inh]it ! e>?1 or ,suff] little *ildr5 to come unto ,me1 or ,! pure 9 he>t %all see ,god4 #aa4 ,on ?is "* ( our ,"l's tea*+1 ! foll[+ passage may suitably be quot$ f a writ] already us$4 ,8 record$ words & works :5 on e>? 4 4 4 come to u z ! decl>ations ( a ,lawgiv]4 ,9 ! ,old ,cov5ant1 ,almighty ,god fir/ ( all spoke ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts f ,m\nt ,s9ai1 & aft]w>ds wrote !m4 ,s our ,"l fir/ spoke ,8 own ,gospel1 bo? ( promise & ( precept1 on ! ,m\nt1 & ,8 ,evangeli/s h record$ x4 ,fur!r1 :5 ,he deliv]$ x1 ,he spoke by way ( p>allel to ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts4 ,& ,8 /yle1 moreov]1 corresponds to ! au?ority :i* ,he assumes4 ,x is ( t solemn1 measur$1 & sev]e "*1 :i* be>s on ! face ( x tok5s ( its belong+ to ,"o :o spake z none o!r man c\ld speak4 ,! ,beatitudes1 ) :i* ,8 ,s]mon op5s1 are an in/ance ( ?is incommunicable /yle1 :i* befitt$1 z f> z human words c\ld befit1 ,god ,inc>nate4 ,nor is ?is /yle peculi> to ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,all ?r\gh ! ,gospels x is disc]nible1 di/9ct f any o!r "p ( ,scripture1 %[+ itself 9 solemn decl>ations1 canons1 s5t5ces1 or say+s1 su* z legislators prop\nd1 & scribes & lawy]s comm5t on4 ,surely ev]y?+ our ,savi\r did & said is *>act]iz$ by m+l$ simplicity & my/]y4 ,8 emblematical actions1 ,8 typical miracles1 ,8 p>ables1 ,8 replies1 ,8 c5sures1 all are evid5ces ( a legislature 9 g]m1 aft]w>ds to be develop$1 a code ( div9e tru? :i* 0 ev] to be be=e m5's eyes1 to be ! subject ( inve/igation & int]pretation1 & ! guide 9 controv]sy4 ',v]ily1 v]ily1 ,i say unto y1'--',b1 ,i say unto y1'--are ! tok5s ( a supreme ,tea*] & ,prophet4 ,& ?us ! ,fa!rs speak ( ,8 tea*+4 ',8 say+s1' obs]ves ,/4 ,ju/91 '7 %ort & concise2 = ,he 0 no rhetorician1 b ,8 ^w 0 ! p[] ( ,god4' ,& ,/4 ,basil1 9 l mann]1 ',e de$ & e ^w ( our ,savi\r ,jesus ,*ri/ is a canon ( piety & virtue4 ,:5 !n ?\ he>e/ ^w or de$ ( ,81 d n he> x z by ! way1 or aft] a simple & c>nal mann]1 b ent] into ! dep? ( ,8 contemplations1 become a communicant 9 tru?s my/ically deliv]$ to !e4'#fg3a #ab4 ,moreov]1 :ile x is c]ta9 t developm5ts ( ,revelation proce$$ all ?r\gh ! ,old ,disp5sation d[n to ! v end ( our ,"l's m9i/ry1 on ! o!r h&1 if we turn our att5tion to ! beg9n+s ( ,apo/olical tea*+ aft] ,8 asc5sion1 we %all f9d ourselves unable to fix an hi/orical po9t at :i* ! gr[? ( doctr9e ceas$1 & ! rule ( fai? 0 once = all settl$4 ,n on ! day ( ,p5teco/1 = ,/4 ,pet] _h /ill to le>n at ,joppa t he 0 to baptize ,cornelius2 n at ,joppa & ,cs>ea1 = ,/4 ,paul _h to write 8 ,epi/les2 n on ! dea? ( ! la/ ,apo/le1 = ,/4 ,ignatius _h to e/abli% ! doctr9e ( ,episcopacy2 n !n1 nor = c5turies aft]1 = ! ,canon ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 /ill undet]m9$4 ,n 9 ! ,cre$1 :i* is no collection ( def9itions1 b a summ>y ( c]ta9 cr$5da1 an incomplete summ>y1 &1 l ! ,"l's ,pray] or ! ,decalogue1 a m]e sample ( div9e tru?s1 especially ( ! m elem5t>y4 ,no "o doctr9e c be nam$ :i* />ts complete at fir/1 & ga9s no?+ aft]w>ds f ! inve/igations ( fai? & ! attacks ( h]esy4 ,! ,*ur* w5t =? f ! old _w 9 ha/e1 z ! ,israelites f ,egypt ) _! d\gh be=e x 0 leav5$1 _! knead+ tr\ghs be+ b\nd up 9 _! clo!s ^u _! %\ld]s4 #ac4 ,fur!r1 ! political developm5ts conta9$ 9 ! hi/orical p>ts ( ,scripture are z /rik+ z ! prophetical & ! doctr9al4 ,c any hi/ory we> a m human appe>ance ?an t ( ! rise & gr[? ( ! *os5 p to :om ,i h j ref]r$8 ,:at _h be5 det]m9$ 9 ! c\nsels ( ! ,"l ( heav5 & e>? f ! beg9n+1 :at 0 immutable1 :at 0 ann\nc$ to ,moses 9 ! burn+ bu%1 is aft]w>ds repres5t$ z ! gr[? ( an idea "u successive em]g5cies4 ,! ,div9e ,voice 9 ! bu% _h ann\nc$ ! ,exodus ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel f ,egypt & _! entrance into ,canaan2 & add$1 z a tok5 ( ! c]ta9ty ( ,8 purpose1 ,:5 ?\ ha/ br\ght =? ! p out ( ,egypt1 ye %all s]ve ,god ^u ?is m\nta94 ,n[ ?is sacrifice or fe/ival1 :i* 0 b incid5tal & second>y 9 ! great deliv]ance1 is = a :ile ! ultimate scope ( ! dem&s :i* ,moses makes ^u ,ph>aoh4 ,?\ %alt come1 ?\ & ! eld]s ( ,israel unto ! ,k+ ( ,egypt1 & ye %all say unto him1 ,! ,"l ,god ( ! ,hebrews ha? met ) u1 & n[ let u g1 we besee* !e1 ?ree days' j\rney into ! wild]ness1 t we may sacrifice to ! ,"l our ,god4 ,x _h be5 add$ t ,ph>aoh w\ld fir/ refuse _! reque/1 b t aft] miracles he w\ld let !m g altoge!r1 nay ) jewels ( silv] & gold1 & raim5t4 ,accord+ly ! fir/ reque/ ( ,moses 01 ,let u g1 we pray !e1 ?ree days' j\rney into ! des]t1 & sacrifice unto ! ,"l our ,god4 ,be=e ! plague ( frogs ! w>n+ is repeat$1 ,let ,my p g t !y may s]ve ,me2 & aft] x ,ph>aoh says1 ,i w let ! p g1 t !y may d sacrifice unto ! ,"l4 ,x occurs aga9 be=e ! plague ( flies2 & aft] x ,ph>aoh (f]s to let ! ,israelites sacrifice 9 ,egypt1 :i* ,moses refuses on ! gr\nd t !y w h to sacrifice ! abom9ation ( ! ,egyptians be=e _! eyes4 ,we w g ?ree days' j\rney into ! wild]ness1 he proce$s1 & sacrifice to ! ,"l our ,god2 & ,ph>aoh !n conc$es _! sacrific+ 9 ! wild]ness1 only1 he says1 y %all n g v f> away4 ,! dem& is repeat$ sep>ately be=e ! plagues ( murra91 hail1 & locu/s1 no m5tion be+ yet made ( any?+ beyond a s]vice or sacrifice 9 ! wild]ness4 ,on ! la/ ( ^! int]views1 ,ph>aoh asks an explanation1 & ,moses ext5ds 8 claim3 ,we w g ) our "y & ) our old1 ) our sons & ) our daught]s1 ) our flocks & ) our h]ds w we g1 = we mu/ hold a fea/ unto ! ,"l4 ,t x 0 an ext5sion seems pla9 f ,ph>aoh's reply3 ,g n[ ye t are m51 & s]ve ! ,"l1 = t ye did desire4 ,^u ! plague ( d>kness ,ph>aoh conc$es ! ext5d$ dem&1 except+ ! flocks & h]ds2 b ,moses rem9ds him t !y 7 impli$1 ?\gh n express$ 9 ! orig9al word+3 ,?\ mu/ give u also sacrifices & burnt (f]+s1 t we may sacrifice unto ! ,"l our ,god4 ,ev5 to ! la/1 !re 0 no intimation ( _! leav+ ,egypt = good2 ! issue 0 left to be wr\ght out by ! ,egyptians4 ,all ^! ?y s]vants1 says ,moses1 %all come d[n unto me1 & b[ d[n !mselves unto me1 say+1 ,get !e out & all ! p t foll[ !e1 & aft] t ,i w g out2 &1 accord+ly1 aft] ! judgm5t on ! fir/-born1 !y 7 ?ru/ out at midnight1 ) _! flocks & h]ds1 _! knead+ tr\ghs & _! d\gh1 lad51 too1 ) ! spoils ( ,egypt1 z _h be5 =e-orda9$1 yet app>5tly by a comb9ation ( circum/ances1 or ! complication ( a crisis4 ,yet ,moses knew t _! dep>ture f ,egypt 0 f9al1 = he took ! bones ( ,joseph ) him2 & t conviction broke on ,ph>aoh soon1 :5 he & 8 ask$ !mselves1 ,:y h we done ?is1 t we h let ,israel g f s]v+ u8 ,b ?is progress ( ev5ts1 vague & unc]ta9 z x seem$ to be1 not)/&+ ! miracles :i* att5d$ x1 _h be5 direct$ by ,him :o works out gradually :at ,he has det]m9$ absolutely2 & x end$ 9 ! p>t+ ( ! ,r$ ,sea1 & ! de/ruction ( ,ph>aoh's ho/1 on 8 pursu+ !m4 ,moreov]1 f :at occurr$ =ty ye>s aft]w>ds1 :5 !y 7 advanc+ ^u ! promis$ l&1 x w\ld seem t ! orig9al grant ( t]ritory did n include ! c\ntry ea/ ( ,jordan1 held 9 ! ev5t by ,reub51 ,gad1 & half ! tribe ( ,manasseh2 at lea/ !y und]took at fir/ to leave ,sihon 9 undi/urb$ possession ( 8 c\ntry1 if he w\ld let !m pass ?r\gh x1 & only on 8 refus+ 8 p]mission did !y invade & appropriate x4 #ad4 #f4 ,x is 9 po9t to notice also ! /ructure & /yle ( ,scripture1 a /ructure s unsy/ematic & v>i\s1 & a /yle s figurative & indirect1 t no "o w\ld presume at fir/ sight to say :at is 9 x & :at is n4 ,x _c1 z x 71 be mapp$1 or its cont5ts catalogu$2 b aft] all our dilig5ce1 to ! end ( our lives & to ! end ( ! ,*ur*1 x mu/ be an unexplor$ & unsubdu$ l&1 ) heights & valleys1 =e/s & /reams1 on ! "r & left ( our pa? & close ab\t u1 full ( conceal$ wond]s & *oice treasures4 ,( no doctr9e :atev]1 :i* does n actually contradict :at has be5 deliv]$1 c x be p]emptorily ass]t$ t x is n 9 ,scripture2 ( no read]1 :atev] be 8 /udy ( x1 c x be said t he has ma/]$ e doctr9e :i* x conta9s4 ,butl]'s rem>ks on ?is subject 7 j n[ ref]r$ to4 ,! m di/9ct & p>ticul> k1 he says1 ( ^? ?+s1 ! /udy ( :i* ! ,apo/le calls 'go+ on unto p]fection1' t is1 ( ! m recondite doctr9es ( ! ,gospel1 & ( ! prophetic p>ts ( revelation1 l _m p>ts ( natural & ev5 civil k1 may require v exact ?\ght & c>eful consid]ation4 ,! h9drances too ( natural & ( sup]natural light & k h be5 ( ! same k9d4 ,& z x is own$ ! :ole s*eme ( ,scripture is n yet und]/ood1 s1 if x ev] comes to be und]/ood1 be=e ! 're/itution ( all ?+s1' & )\t miracul\s int]positions1 x mu/ be 9 ! same way z natural k is come at1 by ! cont9uance & progress ( le>n+ & ( lib]ty1 & by p>ticul> p]sons att5d+ to1 comp>+1 & pursu+ intimations scatt]$ up & d[n x1 :i* are ov]look$ & disreg>d$ by ! g5]ality ( ! _w4 ,= ?is is ! way 9 :i* all improvem5ts are made1 by ?\ghtful m5 trac+ on obscure h9ts1 z x 71 dropp$ u by nature accid5tally1 or :i* seem to come into our m9ds by *ance4 ,nor is x at all incr$ible t a book1 :i* has be5 s long 9 ! possession ( mank9d1 %\ld conta9 _m tru?s z yet undiscov]$4 ,= all ! same ph5om5a1 & ! same faculties ( inve/igation1 f :i* su* great discov]ies 9 natural k h be5 made 9 ! pres5t & la/ age1 7 equally 9 ! possession ( mank9d sev]al ?\s& ye>s be=e4 ,& possibly x might be int5d$ t ev5ts1 z !y come to pass1 %\ld op5 & asc]ta9 ! mean+ ( sev]al p>ts ( ,scripture4#gb3a ,butl] ( c\rse 0 n contemplat+ ! case ( new articles ( fai?1 or developm5ts imp]ative on our acceptance1 b he surely be>s witness to ! probability ( developm5ts tak+ place 9 ,*ri/ian doctr9e consid]$ 9 !mselves1 :i* is ! po9t at pres5t 9 "q4 #ae4 ,x may be add$ t1 9 matt] ( fact1 all ! def9itions or receiv$ judgm5ts ( ! e>ly & m$ieval ,*ur* re/ ^u def9ite1 ev5 ?\gh sometimes obscure s5t5ces ( ,scripture4 ,?us ,purgatory may appeal to ! sav+ by fire1 & ent]+ ?r\gh mu* tribulation into ! k+dom ( ,god2 ! communication ( ! m]its ( ! ,sa9ts to our receiv+ a prophet's rew>d = receiv+ a prophet 9 ! "n ( a prophet1 & a righte\s man's rew>d = receiv+ a righte\s man 9 ! "n ( a righte\s man2 ! ,real ,pres5ce to ,?is is ,my ,body2 ,absolution to ,:osesoev] s9s ye remit1 !y are remitt$2 ,extreme ,unction to ,ano9t+ him ) oil 9 ! ,"n ( ! ,"l2 ,volunt>y pov]ty to ,sell all t ?\ ha/2 ob$i5ce to ,he 0 9 subjection to ,8 p>5ts2 ! hon\r paid to creatures1 animate or inanimate1 to ,laudate ,dom9um 9 sanctis ,ejus1 & ,adorate scabellum p$um ,ejus2 & s ( ! re/4 #af4 #g4 ,la/ly1 :ile ,scripture n[h]e recognizes itself or ass]ts ! inspiration ( ^? passages :i* are mo/ ess5tial1 x di/9ctly anticipates ! developm5t ( ,*ri/ianity1 bo? z a polity & z a doctr9e4 ,9 "o ( our ,"l's p>ables ! ,k+dom ( ,heav5 is ev5 comp>$ to a gra9 ( mu/>d-se$1 :i* a man took & hid 9 8 field2 :i* inde$ is ! lea/ ( all se$s1 b :5 x is gr[n x is ! greate/ among h]bs1 & become? a tree1 &1 z ,/4 ,m>k words x1 %oote? out great bran*es1 s t ! birds ( ! air come & lodge 9 ! bran*es !re(4 ,& aga91 9 ! same *apt] ( ,/4 ,m>k1 ,s is ! k+dom ( ,god1 z if a man %\ld ca/ se$ into ! gr\nd1 & %\ld sleep1 & rise night & day1 & ! se$ %\ld spr+ & gr[ up1 he kn[e? n h[2 = ! e>? br+e? =? fruit ( h]self4 ,"h an int]nal elem5t ( life1 :e!r pr9ciple or doctr9e1 is spok5 ( r ?an any m]e ext]nal manife/ation2 & x is obs]vable t ! spontane\s1 z well z ! gradual1 "* ( ! gr[? is intimat$4 ,?is description ( ! process corresponds to :at has be5 above obs]v$ respect+ developm5t1 viz4 t x is n an effect ( wi%+ & resolv+1 or ( =c$ en?usiasm1 or ( any me*anism ( reason+1 or ( any m]e subtlety ( intellect2 b comes ( its own innate p[] ( expansion )9 ! m9d 9 its season1 ?\gh ) ! use ( reflection & argum5t & orig9al ?\ght1 m or less z x may happ51 ) a dep5d5ce on ! e?ical gr[? ( ! m9d itself1 & ) a reflex influ5ce ^u x4 ,aga91 ! ,p>able ( ! ,leav5 describes ! developm5t ( doctr9e 9 ano!r respect1 9 its active1 engross+1 & int]p5etrat+ p[]4 #ag4 ,f ! necessity1 !n1 ( ! case1 f ! hi/ory ( all sects & p>ties 9 religion1 & f ! analogy & example ( ,scripture1 we may fairly conclude t ,*ri/ian doctr9e admits ( =mal1 legitimate1 & true developm5ts1 t is1 ( developm5ts contemplat$ by its ,div9e ,au?or4 ,! g5]al analogy ( ! _w1 physical & moral1 confirms ?is conclusion1 z we are rem9d$ by ! great au?ority :o has already be5 quot$ 9 ! c\rse ( ?is ,section4 ,! :ole natural _w & gov]nm5t ( x1 says ,butl]1 is a s*eme or sy/em2 n a fix$1 b a progressive "o2 a s*eme 9 :i* ! op]ation ( v>i\s means takes up a great l5g? ( "t be=e ! ends !y t5d to c be atta9$4 ,! *ange ( seasons1 ! rip5+ ( ! fruits ( ! e>?1 ! v hi/ory ( a fl[] is an in/ance ( ?is2 & s is human life4 ,?us vegetable bodies1 & ^? ( animals1 ?\gh possibly =m$ at once1 yet gr[ up by degrees to a mature /ate4 ,& ?us rational ag5ts1 :o animate ^! latt] bodies1 are naturally direct$ to =m ea* 8 own mann]s & "* by ! gradual ga9+ ( k & exp]i5ce1 & by a long c\rse ( action4 ,our exi/5ce is n only successive1 z x mu/ be ( necessity1 b "o /ate ( our life & be+ is appo9t$ by ,god to be a prep>ation = ano!r2 & t to be ! means ( atta9+ to ano!r succe$+ "o3 infancy to *ildhood1 *ildhood to y\?1 y\? to mature age4 ,m5 are impati5t1 & = precipitat+ ?+s2 b ! ,au?or ( ,nature appe>s delib]ate ?r\gh\t ,8 op]ations1 accompli%+ ,8 natural ends by sl[ successive /eps4 ,& !re is a plan ( ?+s be=eh& laid out1 :i*1 f ! nature ( x1 requires v>i\s sy/ems ( means1 z well z l5g? ( "t1 9 ord] to ! c>ry+ on its sev]al p>ts into execution4 ,?us1 9 ! daily c\rse ( natural provid5ce1 ,god op]ates 9 ! v same mann] z 9 ! disp5sation ( ,*ri/ianity1 mak+ "o ?+ subs]vi5t to ano!r2 ?is1 to some:at f>!r2 & s on1 ?r\gh a progressive s]ies ( means1 :i* ext5d1 bo? backw>d & =w>d1 beyond our utmo/ view4 ,( ?is mann] ( op]ation1 ev]y?+ we see 9 ! c\rse ( nature is z mu* an in/ance z any "p ( ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation4#ge3a ,,section ,,ii4 ,,an ,,infallible ,,develop+ ,,au?ority ,,to ,,be ,,expect$4 ,x has n[ be5 made probable t developm5ts ( ,*ri/ianity 7 b natural1 z "t w5t on1 & 7 to be expect$2 & t ^! natural & true developm5ts1 z be+ natural & true1 7 ( c\rse contemplat$ & tak5 into acc\nt by its ,au?or1 :o 9 design+ ! "w design$ its legitimate results4 ,^!1 :atev] !y turn out to be1 may be call$ absolutely ! developm5ts ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,t1 beyond reasonable d\bt1 !re are su* is surely a great /ep ga9$ 9 ! inquiry2 x is a mom5t\s fact4 ,! next "q is1 ,:at are !y8 & to a !ologian1 :o c\ld take a g5]al view1 & also possess$ an intimate & m9ute k1 ( its hi/ory1 !y w\ld d\btless on ! :ole be easily di/+ui%able by _! own *>act]s1 & require no =eign aid to po9t !m out1 no ext]nal au?ority to ratify !m4 ,b x is difficult to say :o is exactly 9 ?is position4 ,consid]+ t ,*ri/ians1 f ! nature ( ! case1 live "u ! bias ( ! doctr9es1 & 9 ! v mid/ ( ! facts1 & dur+ ! process ( ! controv]sies1 :i* are to be ! subject ( criticism1 s9ce !y are expos$ to ! prejudices ( bir?1 education1 place1 p]sonal atta*m5t1 engagem5ts1 & p>ty1 x c h>dly be ma9ta9$ t 9 matt] ( fact a true developm5t c>ries ) x always its own c]ta9ty ev5 to ! le>n$1 or t hi/ory1 pa/ or pres5t1 is secure f ! possibility ( a v>iety ( int]pretations4 #b4 ,i h already spok5 on ?is subject1 & f a v diff]5t po9t ( view f t :i* ,i am tak+ at pres5t3-- ,prophets or ,doctors are ! int]pret]s ( ! revelation2 !y unfold & def9e its my/]ies1 !y illum9ate its docum5ts1 !y h>monize its cont5ts1 !y apply its promises4 ,_! tea*+ is a va/ sy/em1 n to be compris$ 9 a few s5t5ces1 n to be embodi$ 9 "o code or treatise1 b consi/+ ( a c]ta9 body ( ,tru?1 p]vad+ ! ,*ur* l an atmosph]e1 irregul> 9 its %ape f its v pr(usion & exub]ance2 at times sep>able only 9 idea f ,episcopal ,tradition1 yet at times melt+ away into leg5d & fable2 p>tly writt51 p>tly unwritt51 p>tly ! int]pretation1 p>tly ! supplem5t ( ,scripture1 p>tly pres]v$ 9 intellectual expressions1 p>tly lat5t 9 ! _s & temp] ( ,*ri/ians2 p\r$ to & fro 9 closets & ^u ! h\setops1 9 liturgies1 9 controv]sial works1 9 obscure fragm5ts1 9 s]mons1 9 popul> prejudices1 9 local cu/oms4 ,?is ,i call ,prophetical ,tradition1 exi/+ prim>ily 9 ! bosom ( ! ,*ur* itself1 & record$ 9 su* measure z ,provid5ce has det]m9$ 9 ! writ+s ( em95t m54 ,keep t :i* is committ$ to ?y *>ge1 is ,/4 ,paul's injunction to ,timo?y2 & = ?is reason1 because f its va/ness & indef9it5ess x is especially expos$ to corruption1 if ! ,*ur* fails 9 vigilance4 ,?is is t body ( tea*+ :i* is (f]$ to all ,*ri/ians ev5 at ! pres5t day1 ?\gh 9 v>i\s =ms & measures ( tru?1 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,*ri/5dom1 p>tly be+ a comm5t1 p>tly an addition ^u ! articles ( ! ,cre$4#gg3a ,if ?is be true1 c]ta9ly "s rule is necess>y = arrang+ & au!nticat+ ^! v>i\s expressions & results ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 ,no "o w ma9ta9 t all po9ts ( belief are ( equal importance4 ,!re are :at may be call$ m9or po9ts1 :i* we may hold to be true )\t impos+ !m z necess>y2 !re are great] tru?s & less] tru?s1 po9ts :i* x is necess>y1 & po9ts :i* x is pi\s to believe4#gg3b ,! simple "q is1 ,h[ are we to discrim9ate ! great] f ! less1 ! true f ! false4 #c4 ,?is ne$ ( an au?oritative sanction is increas$ by consid]+1 aft] ,m4 ,guizot's sugge/ion1 t ,*ri/ianity1 ?\gh repres5t$ 9 prophecy z a k+dom1 came into ! _w z an idea r ?an an in/itution1 & has _h to wrap itself 9 clo?+ & fit itself ) arm\r ( its own provid+1 & to =m ! in/rum5ts & me?ods ( its prosp]ity & w>f>e4 ,if ! developm5ts1 :i* h above be5 call$ moral1 are to take place to any great ext5t1 & )\t !m x is difficult to see h[ ,*ri/ianity c exi/ at all1 if only its relations t[>ds civil gov]nm5t h to be asc]ta9$1 or ! qualifications = ! pr(ession ( x h to be def9$1 surely an au?ority is necess>y to imp>t decision to :at is vague1 & confid5ce to :at is empirical1 to ratify ! successive /eps ( s elaborate a process1 & to secure ! validity ( inf]5ces :i* are to be made ! premisses ( m remote inve/igations4 ,te/s1 x is true1 = asc]ta9+ ! correctness ( developm5ts 9 g5]al may be drawn out1 z ,i %all %[ 9 ! sequel2 b !y are insuffici5t = ! guidance ( individuals 9 ! case ( s l>ge & complicat$ a problem z ,*ri/ianity1 ?\gh !y may aid our inquiries & support our conclusions 9 p>ticul> po9ts4 ,!y are ( a sci5tific & controv]sial1 n ( a practical "*1 & are in/rum5ts r ?an w>rants ( "r decisions4 ,moreov]1 !y r s]ve z answ]s to objections br\ght aga9/ ! actual decisions ( au?ority1 ?an are pro(s ( ! correctness ( ^? decisions4 ,:ile1 !n1 on ! "o h&1 x is probable t "s means w be grant$ = asc]ta9+ ! legitimate & true developm5ts ( ,revelation1 x appe>s1 on ! o!r1 t ^! means mu/ ( necessity be ext]nal to ! developm5ts !mselves4 #d4 ,reasons %all be giv5 9 ?is ,section = conclud+ t1 9 proportion to ! probability ( true developm5ts ( doctr9e & practice 9 ! ,div9e ,s*eme1 s is ! probability also ( ! appo9tm5t 9 t s*eme ( an ext]nal au?ority to decide ^u !m1 !reby sep>at+ !m f ! mass ( m]e human speculation1 extravagance1 corruption1 & error1 9 & out ( :i* !y gr[4 ,?is is ! doctr9e ( ! infallibility ( ! ,*ur*2 = by infallibility ,i suppose is meant ! p[] ( decid+ :e!r ?is1 t1 & a ?ird1 & any numb] ( !ological or e?ical /atem5ts are true4 #e4 #a4 ,let ! /ate ( ! case be c>efully consid]$4 ,if ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 z orig9ally taught1 admits ( true & important developm5ts1 z 0 argu$ 9 ! =ego+ ,section1 ?is is a /rong antec$5t argum5t 9 fav\r ( a provision 9 ! ,disp5sation = putt+ a seal ( au?ority ^u ^? developm5ts4 ,! probability ( _! be+ kn[n to be true v>ies ) t ( _! tru?4 ,! two ideas inde$ are q di/9ct1 ,i grant1 ( reveal+ & ( gu>antee+ a tru?1 & !y are (t5 di/9ct 9 fact4 ,!re are v>i\s revelations all ov] ! e>? :i* d n c>ry ) !m ! evid5ce ( _! div9ity4 ,su* are ! inw>d sugge/ions & secret illum9ations grant$ to s _m individuals2 su* are ! tradition>y doctr9es :i* are f\nd among ! hea!n1 t vague & unconnect$ family ( religi\s tru?s1 orig9ally f ,god1 b soj\rn+1 )\t ! sanction ( miracle or a def9ite home1 z pilgrims up & d[n ! _w1 & disc]nible & sep>able f ! corrupt leg5ds ) :i* !y are mix$1 by ! spiritual m9d alone4#gi3a ,!re is no?+ impossible 9 ! notion ( a revelation occurr+ )\t evid5ces t x is a revelation2 j z human sci5ces are a div9e gift1 yet are rea*$ by our ord9>y p[]s & h no claim on our fai?4 ,b ,*ri/ianity is n ( ?is nature3 x is a revelation :i* comes to u z a revelation1 z a :ole1 objectively1 & ) a pr(ession ( infallibility2 & ! only "q to be det]m9$ relates to ! matt] ( ! revelation4 ,if !n !re are c]ta9 great tru?s1 or duties1 or obs]vances1 naturally & legitimately result+ f ! doctr9es orig9ally pr(ess$1 x is b reasonable to include ^! true results 9 ! idea ( ! revelation itself1 to consid] !m p>ts ( x1 & if ! revelation be n only true1 b gu>ante$ z true1 to anticipate t !y too w come "u ! privilege ( t gu>antee4 ,*ri/ianity1 unlike o!r revelations ( ,god's w1 except ! ,jewi%1 ( :i* x is a cont9uation1 is an objective religion1 or a revelation ) cr$5tials2 x is natural1 ,i say1 to view x :olly z su*1 & n p>tly sui g5]is1 p>tly l o!rs4 ,su* z x beg9s1 su* let x be consid]$ to cont9ue2 grant+ t c]ta9 l>ge developm5ts ( x are true1 !y mu/ surely be accr$it$ z true4 #f4 #b4 ,an objection1 h[ev]1 is (t5 made to ! doctr9e ( infallibility 9 lim9e1 :i* is too important n to be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,x is urg$ t1 z all religi\s k re/s on moral evid5ce1 n on demon/ration1 our belief 9 ! ,*ur*'s infallibility mu/ be ( ?is "*2 b :at c be m absurd ?an a probable infallibility1 or a c]ta9ty re/+ on d\bt8--,i believe1 because ,i am sure2 & ,i am sure1 because ,i suppose4 ,grant+ !n t ! gift ( infallibility be adapt$1 :5 believ$1 to unite all intellects 9 "o common confession1 ! fact t x is giv5 is z difficult ( pro( z ! developm5ts :i* x is to prove1 & nugatory !re=e1 & 9 consequ5ce improbable 9 a ,div9e ,s*eme4 ,! advocates ( ,rome1 x has be5 urg$1 insi/ on ! necessity ( an infallible guide 9 religi\s matt]s1 z an argum5t t su* a guide has really be5 accord$4 ,n[ x is obvi\s to inquire h[ individuals are to "k ) c]ta9ty t ,rome is infallible 4 4 4 h[ any gr\nd c be su* z to br+ home to ! m9d infallibly t %e is infallible2 :at conceivable pro( am\nts to m ?an a probability ( ! fact2 & :at advantage is an infallible guide1 if ^? :o are to be guid$ h1 aft] all1 no m ?an an op9ion1 z ! ,romani/s call x1 t %e is infallible8#ha3a #g4 ,?is argum5t1 h[ev]1 except :5 us$1 z is int5d$ 9 ?is passage1 aga9/ su* p]sons z w\ld remove all imp]fection 9 ! pro( ( ,religion1 is c]ta9ly a fallaci\s "o4 ,= s9ce1 z all all[1 ! ,apo/les 7 infallible1 x tells aga9/ _! infallibility1 or ! infallibility ( ,scripture1 z truly z aga9/ ! infallibility ( ! ,*ur*2 = no "o w say t ! ,apo/les 7 made infallible = no?+1 yet we are only morally c]ta9 t !y 7 infallible4 ,fur!r1 if we h b probable gr\nds = ! ,*ur*'s infallibility1 we h b ! l = ! impossibility ( c]ta9 ?+s1 ! necessity ( o!rs1 ! tru?1 ! c]ta9ty ( o!rs2 & !re=e ! words infallibility1 necessity1 tru?1 & c]ta9ty ought all ( !m to be bani%$ f ! language4 ,b :y is x m inconsi/5t to speak ( an unc]ta9 infallibility ?an ( a d\btful tru? or a cont+5t necessity1 phrases :i* pres5t ideas cle> & und5iable8 ,9 soo? we are play+ ) words :5 we use argum5ts ( ?is sort4 ,:5 we say t a p]son is infallible1 we mean no m ?an t :at he says is always true1 always to be believ$1 always to be done4 ,! t]m is resolvable into ^! phrases z its equival5ts2 ei!r !n ! phrases are inadmissible1 or ! idea ( infallibility mu/ be all[$4 ,a probable infallibility is a probable gift ( nev] err+2 a reception ( ! doctr9e ( a probable infallibility is fai? & ob$i5ce t[>ds a p]son f\nd$ on ! probability ( 8 nev] err+ 9 8 decl>ations or comm&s4 ,:at is inconsi/5t 9 ?is idea8 ,:atev] !n be ! p>ticul> means ( det]m9+ infallibility1 ! ab/ract objection may be put aside4#ha3b #h4 #c4 ,aga91 x is sometimes argu$ t su* a disp5sation w\ld de/roy our probation1 z dissipat+ d\bt1 preclud+ ! ex]cise ( fai?1 & oblig+ u to obey :e!r we wi% x or no2 & x is urg$ t a ,div9e ,voice spoke 9 ! fir/ age1 & difficulty & d>kness re/ ^u all subsequ5t ones2 z if infallibility & p]sonal judgm5t 7 incompatible2 b ?is is to confuse ! subject4 ,we mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 a revelation & a reception ( x1 n betwe5 its e>li] & lat] /ages4 ,a revelation1 9 itself div9e1 & gu>ante$ z su*1 may f fir/ to la/ be receiv$1 d\bt$1 argu$ aga9/1 p]v]t$1 reject$1 by individuals accord+ to ! /ate ( m9d ( ea*4 ,ignorance1 misappreh5sion1 unbelief1 & o!r causes1 d n at once cease to op]ate because ! revelation is 9 itself true & 9 its pro(s irrefragable4 ,we h !n no w>rant at all = say+ t an accr$it$ revelation w exclude ! exi/5ce ( d\bts & difficulties on ! "p ( ^? :om x addresses1 or disp5se ) anxi\s dilig5ce on _! "p1 ?\gh x may 9 its own nature t5d to d s4 ,infallibility does n int]f]e ) moral probation2 ! two notions are absolutely di/9ct4 ,x is no objection !n to ! idea ( a p]emptory au?ority1 su* z ,i am suppos+1 t x less5s ! task ( p]sonal inquiry1 unless x be an objection to ! au?ority ( ,revelation altoge!r4 ,a ,*ur*1 or a ,c\ncil1 or a ,pope1 or a ,cons5t ( ,doctors1 or a ,cons5t ( ,*ri/5dom1 limits ! inquiries ( ! individual 9 no o!r way ?an ,scripture limits !m3 x does limit !m2 b1 :ile x limits _! range1 x pres]ves intact _! probation>y "*2 we are tri$ z really1 ?\gh n on s l>ge a field4 ,to suppose t ! doctr9e ( a p]man5t au?ority 9 matt]s ( fai? int]f]es ) our free-w & responsibility is1 z be=e1 to =get t !re 7 infallible tea*]s 9 ! fir/ age1 & h]etics & s*ismatics 9 ! ages subsequ5t4 ,!re may h be5 at once a supreme au?ority f fir/ to la/1 & a moral judgm5t f fir/ to la/4 ,moreov]1 ^? :o ma9ta9 t ,*ri/ian tru? mu/ be ga9$ solely by p]sonal ef=ts are b\nd to %[ t me?ods1 e?ical & intellectual1 are grant$ to individuals suffici5t = ga9+ x2 else ! mode ( probation !y advocate is less1 n m1 p]fect ?an t :i* proce$s ^u ext]nal au?ority4 ,on ! :ole1 !n1 no argum5t aga9/ cont9u+ ! pr9ciple ( objectiv5ess into ! developm5ts ( ,revelation arises out ( ! conditions ( our moral responsibility4 #i4 #d4 ,p]haps x w be urg$ t ! ,analogy ( ,nature is aga9/ our anticipat+ ! cont9uance ( an ext]nal au?ority :i* has once be5 giv52 because 9 ! words ( ! pr(\nd ?9k] :o has already be5 cit$1 ,we are :olly ignorant :at degree ( new k x 7 to be expect$ ,god w\ld give mank9d by revelation1 ^u supposition ( ,8 af=d+ "o2 or h[ f>1 & 9 :at way1 ,he w\ld int]pose miracul\sly to qualify !m to :om ,he %\ld orig9ally make ! revelation = communicat+ ! k giv5 by x1 & to secure _! do+ x to ! age 9 :i* !y %\ld live1 & to secure its be+ transmitt$ to po/]ity2 & because we are n 9 any sort able to judge :e!r x 7 to be expect$ t ! revelation %\ld h be5 committ$ to writ+1 or left to be h&$ d[n1 & consequ5tly corrupt$1 by v]bal tradition1 & at l5g? sunk "u x4#hd3a ,b ?is reason+ does n apply "h1 z has already be5 obs]v$2 x contemplates only ! ab/ract hypo!sis ( a revelation1 n ! fact ( an exi/+ revelation ( a p>ticul> k9d1 :i* may ( c\rse 9 v>i\s ways modify our /ate ( k1 by settl+ "s ( ^? v po9ts :i*1 be=e x 0 giv51 we _h no means ( decid+4 ,nor c x1 z ,i ?9k1 be fairly d5i$ t ! argum5t f analogy 9 "o po9t ( view tells aga9/ anticipat+ a revelation at all1 = an innovation ^u ! physical ord] ( ! _w is by ! v =ce ( ! t]ms inconsi/5t ) its ord9>y c\rse4 ,we _c !n regulate our antec$5t view ( ! "* ( a revelation by a te/ :i*1 appli$ simply1 ov]?r[s ! v notion ( a revelation altoge!r4 ,any h[1 ,analogy is 9 "s sort violat$ by ! fact ( a revelation1 & ! "q be=e u only relates to ! ext5t ( t violation4 #aj4 ,i w haz>d a di/9ction "h betwe5 ! facts ( revelation & its pr9ciples3--! argum5t f ,analogy is m conc]n$ ) its pr9ciples ?an ) its facts4 ,! reveal$ facts are special & s+ul>1 n analog\s1 f ! nature ( ! case3 b x is o!rwise ) ! reveal$ pr9ciples2 ^! are common to all ! works ( ,god3 & if ! ,au?or ( ,nature be ! ,au?or ( ,grace1 x may be expect$ t1 :ile ! two sy/ems ( facts are di/9ct & indep5d5t1 ! pr9ciples display$ 9 !m w be ! same1 & =m a connect+ l9k betwe5 !m4 ,9 ?is id5tity ( pr9ciple lies ! ,analogy ( ,natural & ,reveal$ ,religion1 9 ,butl]'s s5se ( ! ^w4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,inc>nation is a fact1 & _c be p>allel$ by any?+ 9 nature2 ! doctr9e ( ,m$iation is a pr9ciple1 & is abundantly exemplifi$ 9 its provisions4 ,miracles are facts2 inspiration is a fact2 div9e tea*+ once = all1 & a cont9ual tea*+1 are ea* a fact2 probation by means ( intellectual difficulties is a pr9ciple bo? 9 nature & 9 grace1 & may be c>ri$ on 9 ! sy/em ( grace ei!r by a /&+ ord9ance ( tea*+ or by "o def9ite act ( tea*+1 & t ) an analogy equally p]fect 9 ei!r case to ! ord] ( nature2 nor c we succe$ 9 argu+ f ! analogy ( t ord] aga9/ a /&+ gu>dian%ip ( revelation )\t argu+ also aga9/ its orig9al be/[al4 ,suppos+ ! ord] ( nature once brok5 by ! introduction ( a revelation1 ! cont9uance ( t revelation is b a "q ( degree2 & ! circum/ance t a "w has begun makes x m probable ?an n t x w proce$4 ,we h no reason to suppose t !re is s great a di/9ction ( disp5sation betwe5 ourselves & ! fir/ g5]ation ( ,*ri/ians1 z t !y _h a liv+ infallible guidance1 & we h n4 ,! case !n /&s ?us3--,revelation has introduc$ a new law ( div9e gov]nance ov] & above ^? laws :i* appe> 9 ! natural c\rse ( ! _w2 & 9 consequ5ce we are able to argue = ! exi/5ce ( a /&+ au?ority 9 matt]s ( fai? on ! analogy ( ,nature1 & f ! fact ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,pres]vation is involv$ 9 ! idea ( creation4 ,z ! ,creator re/$ on ! sev5? day f ! "w :i* ,he _h made1 yet ,he worke? hi!rto2 s ,he gave ! ,cre$ once = all 9 ! beg9n+1 yet blesses its gr[? /ill1 & provides = its increase4 ,8 ^w %all n return unto ,him void1 b accompli% ,8 pleasure4 ,z creation argues cont9ual gov]nance1 s are ,apo/les h>b+]s ( ,popes4 #aa4 #e4 ,moreov]1 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t1 z ! ess5ce ( all religion is au?ority & ob$i5ce1 s ! di/9ction betwe5 natural religion & reveal$ lies 9 ?is1 t ! "o has a subjective au?ority1 & ! o!r an objective4 ,revelation consi/s 9 ! manife/ation ( ! ,invisible ,div9e ,p[]1 or 9 ! sub/itution ( ! voice ( a ,lawgiv] = ! voice ( consci5ce4 ,! supremacy ( consci5ce is ! ess5ce ( natural religion2 ! supremacy ( ,apo/le1 or ,pope1 or ,*ur*1 or ,bi%op1 is ! ess5ce ( reveal$2 & :5 su* ext]nal au?ority is tak5 away1 ! m9d falls back aga9 ( necessity ^u t inw>d guide :i* x possess$ ev5 be=e ,revelation 0 v\*saf$4 ,?us1 :at consci5ce is 9 ! sy/em ( nature1 su* is ! voice ( ,scripture1 or ( ! ,*ur*1 or ( ! ,holy ,see1 z we may det]m9e x1 9 ! sy/em ( ,revelation4 ,x may be object$1 inde$1 t consci5ce is n infallible2 x is true1 b /ill x is ev] to be obey$4 ,& ?is is j ! pr]ogative :i* controv]siali/s assign to ! ,see ( ,/4 ,pet]2 x is n 9 all cases infallible1 x may err beyond its special prov9ce1 b x has 9 all cases a claim on our ob$i5ce4 ,all ,ca?olics & h]etics1 says ,bell>m9e1 agree 9 two ?+s3 fir/1 t x is possible = ! ,pope1 ev5 z pope1 & ) 8 own assembly ( c\ncillors1 or ) ,g5]al ,c\ncil1 to err 9 p>ticul> controv]sies ( fact1 :i* *iefly dep5d on human in=mation & te/imony2 secondly1 t x is possible = him to err z a private ,doctor1 ev5 9 univ]sal que/ions ( "r1 :e!r ( fai? or ( morals1 & t f ignorance1 z sometimes happ5s to o!r doctors4 ,next1 all ,ca?olics agree 9 o!r two po9ts1 n1 h[ev]1 ) h]etics1 b solely ) ea* o!r3 fir/1 t ! ,pope ) ,g5]al ,c\ncil _c err1 ei!r 9 fram+ decrees ( fai? or g5]al precepts ( morality2 secondly1 t ! ,pope :5 det]m9+ any?+ 9 a d\btful matt]1 :e!r by himself or ) 8 own p>ticul> ,c\ncil1 :e!r x is possible = him to err or n1 is to be obey$ by all ! fai?ful4#hg3a ,& z ob$i5ce to consci5ce1 ev5 suppos+ consci5ce ill-in=m$1 t5ds to ! improvem5t ( our moral nature1 & ultimately ( our k1 s ob$i5ce to our ecclesia/ical sup]ior may subs]ve our gr[? 9 illum9ation & sanctity1 ev5 ?\gh he %\ld comm& :at is extreme or inexp$i5t1 or tea* :at is ext]nal to 8 legitimate prov9ce4 #ab4 #f4 ,! common s5se ( mank9d does b support a conclusion ?us =c$ ^u u by analogical consid]ations4 ,x feels t ! v idea ( revelation implies a pres5t in=mant & guide1 & t an infallible "o2 n a m]e ab/ract decl>ation ( ,tru?s unkn[n be=e to man1 or a record ( hi/ory1 or ! result ( an antiqu>ian rese>*1 b a message & a lesson speak+ to ?is man & t4 ,?is is %[n by ! popul> notion :i* has prevail$ among u s9ce ! ,re=mation1 t ! ,bible itself is su* a guide2 & :i* succe$$ 9 ov]?r[+ ! supremacy ( ,*ur* & ,pope1 = ! v reason t x 0 a rival au?ority1 n resi/+ m]ely1 b supplant+ x4 ,9 proportion1 !n1 z we f9d1 9 matt] ( fact1 t ! inspir$ ,volume is n adapt$ or int5d$ to subs]ve t purpose1 are we =c$ to rev]t to t liv+ & pres5t ,guide1 :o1 at ! era ( our rejection ( h]1 _h be5 s long recogniz$ z ! disp5s] ( ,scripture1 accord+ to times & circum/ances1 & ! arbit] ( all true doctr9e & holy practice to h] *ildr54 ,we feel a ne$1 & %e alone ( all ?+s "u heav5 supplies x4 ,we are told t ,god has spok54 ,:]e8 ,9 a book8 ,we h tri$ x & x disappo9ts2 x disappo9ts u1 t mo/ holy & bless$ gift1 n f fault ( its own1 b because x is us$ = a purpose = :i* x 0 n giv54 ,! ,e?iopian's reply1 :5 ,/4 ,philip ask$ him if he und]/ood :at he 0 read+1 is ! voice ( nature3 ,h[ c ,i1 unless "s man %all guide me8 ,! ,*ur* und]takes t (fice2 %e does :at none else c d1 & ?is is ! secret ( h] p[]4 ,! human m9d1 x has be5 said1 wi%es to be rid ( d\bt 9 religion2 & a tea*] :o claims infallibility is readily believ$ on 8 simple ^w4 ,we see ?is con/antly exemplifi$ 9 ! case ( individual pret5d]s among ourselves4 ,9 ,romanism ! ,*ur* pret5ds to x2 %e rids h]self ( competitors by =e/all+ !m4 ,& probably1 9 ! eyes ( h] *ildr51 ?is is n ! lea/ p]suasive argum5t = h] infallibility1 t %e alone ( all ,*ur*es d>es claim x1 z if a secret in/9ct & involunt>y misgiv+s re/ra9$ ^? rival communions :i* g s f> t[>ds affect+ x4#hh3a ,^! s5t5ces1 :atev] be ! errors ( _! word+1 surely express a great tru?4 ,! mo/ obvi\s answ]1 !n1 to ! "q1 :y we yield to ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! que/ions & developm5ts ( fai?1 is1 t "s au?ority !re mu/ be if !re is a revelation giv51 & o!r au?ority !re is none b %e4 ,a revelation is n giv51 if !re be no au?ority to decide :at x is t is giv54 ,9 ! words ( ,/4 ,pet] to h] ,div9e ,ma/] & ,"l1 ,to :om %all we g8 ,nor mu/ x be =gott5 9 confirmation1 t ,scripture expressly calls ! ,*ur* ! pill> & gr\nd ( ! ,tru?1 & promises h] z by cov5ant t ! ,_s ( ! ,"l t is ^u h]1 & ,8 words :i* ,he has put 9 h] m\? %all n dep>t out ( h] m\?1 nor out ( ! m\? ( h] se$1 nor out ( ! m\? ( h] se$'s se$1 f h5ce=? & = ev]4#hi3a #ac4 #g4 ,& if ! v claim to infallible arbitration 9 religi\s disputes is ( s weighty importance & int]e/ 9 all ages ( ! _w1 mu* m is x welcome at a "t l ! pres5t1 :5 ! human intellect is s busy1 & ?\ght s f]tile1 & op9ion s manifold4 ,! absolute ne$ ( a spiritual supremacy is at pres5t ! /ronge/ ( argum5ts 9 fav\r ( ! fact ( its supply4 ,surely1 ei!r an objective revelation has n be5 giv51 or x has be5 provid$ ) means = impress+ its objectiv5ess on ! _w4 ,if ,*ri/ianity be a social religion1 z x c]ta9ly is1 & if x be bas$ on c]ta9 ideas ackn[l$g$ z div9e1 or a cre$1 7:i* %all "h be assum$17 & if ^! ideas h v>i\s aspects1 & make di/9ct impressions on diff]5t m9ds1 & issue 9 consequ5ce 9 a multiplicity ( developm5ts1 true1 or false1 or mix$1 z has be5 %[n1 :at p[] w suffice to meet & to d ju/ice to ^! conflict+ conditions1 b a supreme au?ority rul+ & reconcil+ individual judgm5ts by a div9e "r & a recogniz$ wisdom8 ,9 b>b>\s times ! w is rea*$ ?r\gh ! s5ses2 b 9 an age 9 :i* reason1 z x is call$1 is ! /&>d ( tru? & "r1 x is abundantly evid5t to any "o1 :o mixes ev] s little ) ! _w1 t1 if ?+s are left to !mselves1 e individual w h 8 own view ( !m1 & take 8 own c\rse2 t two or ?ree w agree to-day to "p company to-morr[2 t ,scripture w be read 9 contr>y ways1 & hi/ory1 accord+ to ! apologue1 w h to diff]5t com]s its silv] %ield & its gold52 t philosophy1 ta/e1 prejudice1 passion1 p>ty1 caprice1 w f9d no common measure1 unless !re be "s supreme p[] to control ! m9d & to compel agreem5t4 ,!re c be no comb9ation on ! basis ( tru? )\t an organ ( tru?4 ,z cultivation br+s out ! col\rs ( fl[]s1 & dome/ication *anges ! "* ( animals1 s does education ( necessity develope diff]5ces ( op9ion2 & :ile x is impossible to lay d[n fir/ pr9ciples 9 :i* all w unite1 x is utt]ly unreasonable to expect t ?is man %\ld yield to t1 or all to "o4 ,i d n say !re are no et]nal tru?s1 su* z ! poet proclaims1#ij3a :i* all ackn[l$ge 9 private1 b t !re are none suffici5tly comm&+ to be ! basis ( public union & action4 ,! only g5]al p]suasive 9 matt]s ( conduct is au?ority2 t is1 7:5 tru? is 9 "q17 a judgm5t :i* we feel to be sup]ior to our own4 ,if ,*ri/ianity is bo? social & dogmatic1 & int5d$ = all ages1 x mu/ humanly speak+ h an infallible exp\nd]4 ,else y w secure unity ( =m at ! loss ( unity ( doctr9e1 or unity ( doctr9e at ! loss ( unity ( =m2 y w h to *oose betwe5 a compreh5sion ( op9ions & a resolution into p>ties1 betwe5 latitud9>ian & sect>ian error4 ,y may be tol]ant or intol]ant ( contr>ieties ( ?\ght1 b contr>ieties y w h4 ,by ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& a holl[ uni=mity is pref]r$ to an infallible *air2 & by ! sects ( ,engl&1 an int]m9able division4 ,g]many & ,g5eva began ) p]secution1 & h end$ 9 scepticism4 ,! doctr9e ( infallibility is a less viol5t hypo!sis ?an ?is sacrifice ei!r ( fai? or ( *>ity4 ,x secures ! object1 :ile x gives def9it5ess & =ce to ! matt]1 ( ! ,revelation4 #ad4 #h4 ,i h call$ ! doctr9e ( ,infallibility an hypo!sis3 let x be s consid]$ = ! sake ( argum5t1 t is1 let x be consid]$ to be a m]e position1 support$ by no direct evid5ce1 b requir$ by ! facts ( ! case1 & reconcil+ !m ) ea* o!r4 ,t hypo!sis is inde$1 9 matt] ( fact1 ma9ta9$ & act$ on 9 ! l>ge/ portion ( ,*ri/5dom1 & f "t immemorial2 b let ?is co9cid5ce be acc\nt$ = by ! ne$4 ,moreov]1 x is n a nak$ or isolat$ fact1 b ! animat+ pr9ciple ( a l>ge s*eme ( doctr9e :i* ! ne$ itself c\ld n simply create2 b aga91 let ?is sy/em be m]ely call$ its developm5t4 ,yet ev5 z an hypo!sis1 :i* has be5 held by "o out ( v>i\s communions1 x may n be lightly put aside4 ,"s hypo!sis1 ?is or t1 all p>ties1 all controv]siali/s1 all hi/orians mu/ adopt1 if !y w\ld treat ( ,*ri/ianity at all4 ,giesel]'s ,text ,book be>s ! pr(ession ( be+ a dry analysis ( ,*ri/ian hi/ory2 yet on inspection x w be f\nd to be writt5 on a positive & def9ite !ory1 & to b5d facts to meet x4 ,an unbeliev]1 z ,gibbon1 assumes "o hypo!sis1 & an ,ultra-montane1 z ,b>onius1 adopts ano!r4 ,! ,s*ool ( ,hurd & ,newton hold1 z ! only true view ( hi/ory1 t ,*ri/ianity slept = c5turies ^u c5turies1 except among ^? :om hi/orians call h]etics4 ,o!rs speak z if ! oa? ( supremacy or ! cong d'lire c\ld be made ! measure ( ,/4 ,ambrose1 & !y fit ! ,?irty-n9e ,articles on ! f]vid ,t]tullian4 ,! "q is1 :i* ( all ^! !ories is ! simple/1 ! mo/ natural1 ! mo/ p]suasive4 ,c]ta9ly ! notion ( developm5t "u infallible au?ority is n a less grave1 a less w9n+ hypo!sis1 ?an ! *ance & co9cid5ce ( ev5ts1 or ! ,ori5tal ,philosophy1 or ! work+ ( ,anti*ri/1 to acc\nt = ! rise ( ,*ri/ianity & ! =mation ( its !ology4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,,! ,,exi/+ ,,developm5ts ,,( ,,doctr9e ,,! ,,probable ,,fulfilm5t ,,( ,,t ,,expectation4 ,i h be5 argu+1 9 respect to ! reveal$ doctr9e1 giv5 to u f above 9 ,*ri/ianity1 fir/1 t1 9 consequ5ce ( its intellectual "*1 & z pass+ ?r\gh ! m9ds ( s _m g5]ations ( m51 & z appli$ by !m to s _m purposes1 & z inve/igat$ s curi\sly z to its capabilities1 implications1 & be>+s1 x c\ld n b gr[ or develope1 z "t w5t on1 into a l>ge !ological sy/em2--next1 t1 if developm5t mu/ be1 !n1 :]eas ,revelation is a heav5ly gift1 ,he :o gave x virtually has n giv5 x1 unless ,he has also secur$ x f p]v]sion & corruption1 9 all su* developm5t z comes ^u x by ! necessity ( its nature1 or1 9 o!r words1 t t intellectual action ?r\gh successive g5]ations1 :i* is ! organ ( developm5t1 mu/1 s f> =? z x c claim to h be5 put 9 *>ge ( ! ,revelation1 be 9 its det]m9ations infallible4 ,pass+ f ^! two po9ts1 ,i come next to ! "q :e!r 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity !re is any fulfilm5t ( su* anticipation z ,i h insi/$ on1 :e!r 9 matt]-(-fact doctr9es1 rites1 & usages h gr[n up r\nd ! ,apo/olic ,cre$ & h int]p5etrat$ its ,articles1 claim+ to be "p ( ,*ri/ianity & look+ l ^? additions :i* we are 9 se>* (4 ,! answ] is1 t su* additions !re are1 & t !y are f\nd j :]e !y might be expect$1 9 ! au?oritative seats & homes ( old tradition1 ! ,lat9 & ,greek ,*ur*es4 ,let me enl>ge on ?is po9t4 #b4 ,i obs]ve1 !n1 t1 if ! idea ( ,*ri/ianity1 z orig9ally giv5 to u f heav51 _c b conta9 mu* :i* w be only p>tially recogniz$ by u z includ$ 9 x & only held by u unconsci\sly2 & if aga91 ,*ri/ianity be+ f heav51 all t is necess>ily involv$ 9 x1 & is evolv$ f x1 is f heav51 & if1 on ! o!r h&1 l>ge accretions actually d exi/1 pr(ess+ to be its true & legitimate results1 our fir/ impression naturally is1 t ^! mu/ be ! v developm5ts :i* !y pr(ess to be4 ,moreov]1 ! v scale on :i* !y h be5 made1 _! high antiquity yet pres5t promise1 _! gradual =mation yet precision1 _! h>moni\s ord]1 dispose ! imag9ation mo/ =cibly t[>ds ! belief t a tea*+ s consi/5t ) itself1 s well balanc$1 s "y & s old1 n obsolete aft] s _m c5turies1 b vigor\s & progressive /ill1 is ! v developm5t contemplat$ 9 ! ,div9e ,s*eme4 ,^! doctr9es are memb]s ( "o family1 & sugge/ive1 or correlative1 or confirmatory1 or illu/rative ( ea* o!r4 ,"o furni%es evid5ce to ano!r1 & all to ea* ( !m2 if ?is is prov$1 t becomes probable2 if ?is & t are bo? probable1 b = diff]5t reasons1 ea* adds to ! o!r its own probability4 ,! ,inc>nation is ! antec$5t ( ! doctr9e ( ,m$iation1 & ! ar*etype bo? ( ! ,sacram5tal pr9ciple & ( ! m]its ( ,sa9ts4 ,f ! doctr9e ( ,m$iation foll[ ! ,atonem5t1 ! ,mass1 ! m]its ( ,m>tyrs & ,sa9ts1 _! invocation & cultus4 ,f ! ,sacram5tal pr9ciple come ! ,sacram5ts prop]ly s call$2 ! unity ( ! ,*ur*1 & ! ,holy ,see z its type & c5tre2 ! au?ority ( ,c\ncils2 ! sanctity ( rites2 ! v5]ation ( holy places1 %r9es1 images1 vessels1 furniture1 & ve/m5ts4 ,( ! ,sacram5ts1 ,baptism is develop$ into ,confirmation on ! "o h&2 into ,p5ance1 ,purgatory1 & ,indulg5ces on ! o!r2 & ! ,eu*>i/ into ! ,real ,pres5ce1 adoration ( ! ,ho/1 ,resurrection ( ! body1 & ! virtue ( relics4 ,aga91 ! doctr9e ( ! ,sacram5ts leads to ! doctr9e ( ,ju/ification2 ,ju/ification to t ( ,orig9al ,s92 ,orig9al ,s9 to ! m]it ( ,celibacy4 ,nor d ^! sep>ate developm5ts /& indep5d5t ( ea* o!r1 b by cross relations !y are connect$1 & gr[ toge!r :ile !y gr[ f "o4 ,! ,mass & ,real ,pres5ce are p>ts ( "o2 ! v5]ation ( ,sa9ts & _! relics are p>ts ( "o2 _! int]cessory p[] & ! ,purgatorial ,/ate1 & aga9 ! ,mass & t ,/ate are correlative2 ,celibacy is ! *>act]i/ic m>k ( ,mona*ism & ( ! ,prie/hood4 ,y mu/ accept ! :ole or reject ! :ole2 att5uation does b enfeeble1 & amputation mutilate4 ,x is trifl+ to receive all b some?+ :i* is z integral z any o!r portion2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 x is a solemn ?+ to accept any "p1 =1 be=e y "k :]e y are1 y may be c>ri$ on by a /]n logical necessity to accept ! :ole4 #c4 ,next1 we h to consid] t f fir/ to la/ o!r developm5ts !re are none1 except ^? :i* h possession ( ,*ri/5dom2 none1 t is1 ( prom95ce & p]man5ce suffici5t to des]ve ! "n4 ,9 e>ly times ! h]etical doctr9es 7 confess$ly b>r5 & %ort-liv$1 & c\ld n /& _! gr\nd aga9/ ,ca?olicism4 ,z to ! m$ieval p]iod ,i am n aw>e t ! ,greeks pres5t m ?an a negative opposition to ! ,lat9s4 ,& n[ 9 l mann] ! ,trid5t9e ,cre$ is met by no rival developm5ts2 !re is no antagoni/ sy/em4 ,criticisms1 objections1 prote/s1 !re are 9 pl5ty1 b little ( positive tea*+ any:]e2 seldom an attempt on ! "p ( any oppos+ s*ool to ma/] its own doctr9es1 to inve/igate _! s5se & be>+1 to det]m9e _! relation to ! decrees ( ,tr5t & _! di/ance f !m4 ,& :5 at any "t ?is attempt is by *ance 9 any measure made1 !n an incurable contr>iety does b come to view betwe5 portions ( ! !ology ?us develop$1 & a w> ( pr9ciples2 an impossibility moreov] ( reconcil+ t !ology ) ! g5]al drift ( ! =mul>ies 9 :i* its elem5ts occur1 & a consequ5t appe>ance ( unfairness & sophi/ry 9 adv5tur\s p]sons :o aim at =c+ !m into consi/5cy2#ie3a &1 fur!r1 a preval5t und]/&+ ( ! tru? ( ?is repres5tation1 au?orities keep+ sil5ce1 es*ew+ a hopeless ent]prise & disc\rag+ x 9 o!rs1 & ! p pla9ly intimat+ t !y ?9k bo? doctr9e & usage1 antiquity & developm5t1 ( v little matt] at all2 &1 la/ly1 ! evid5t despair ( ev5 ! bett] sort ( m51 :o1 9 consequ5ce1 :5 !y set great s*emes on foot1 z = ! conv]sion ( ! hea!n _w1 are afraid to agitate ! "q ( ! doctr9es to :i* x is to be conv]t$1 le/ ?r\gh ! op5$ door !y %\ld lose :at !y h1 in/ead ( ga9+ :at !y h n4 ,to ! weight ( recomm5dation :i* ?is contra/ ?r[s ^u ! developm5ts commonly call$ ,ca?olic1 mu/ be add$ ! argum5t :i* arises f ! co9cid5ce ( _! consi/5cy & p]man5ce1 ) _! claim ( an infallible sanction1--a claim1 ! exi/5ce ( :i*1 9 "s qu>t] or o!r ( ! ,div9e ,disp5sation1 is1 z we h already se51 antec$5tly probable4 ,all ^! ?+s be+ consid]$1 ,i ?9k few p]sons w d5y ! v /rong presumption :i* exi/s1 t1 if !re mu/ be & are 9 fact developm5ts 9 ,*ri/ianity1 ! doctr9es prop\nd$ by successive ,popes & ,c\ncils1 ?r\gh s _m ages1 are !y4 #d4 ,a fur!r presumption 9 behalf ( ^! doctr9es arises f ! g5]al op9ion ( ! _w ab\t !m4 ,*ri/ianity be+ "o1 all its doctr9es are necess>ily developm5ts ( "o1 &1 if s1 are ( necessity consi/5t ) ea* o!r1 or =m a :ole4 ,n[ ! _w fully ent]s into ?is view ( ^? well-kn[n developm5ts :i* claim ! "n ( ,ca?olic4 ,x all[s !m t title1 x consid]s !m to belong to "o family1 & ref]s !m to "o !ological sy/em4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to set ab\t prov+ :at is urg$ by _! oppon5ts ev5 m /r5u\sly ?an by _! *ampions4 ,_! oppon5ts av[ t !y prote/1 n aga9/ ?is doctr9e or t1 b aga9/ "o & all2 & !y seem /ruck ) wond] & p]plexity1 n to say ) awe1 at a consi/5cy :i* !y feel to be sup]human1 ?\gh !y w\ld n all[ x to be div9e4 ,! sy/em is confess$ on all h&s to be> a "* ( integrity & indivisibility ^u x1 bo? at fir/ view & on inspection4 ,h5ce su* say+s z ! ,tota jacet ,babylon ( ! di/i*4 ,lu!r did b a "p ( ! "w1 ,calv9 ano!r portion1 ,soc9us f9i%$ x4 ,to take up ) ,lu!r1 & to reject ,calv9 & ,soc9us1 w\ld be1 accord+ to t epigram1 l liv+ 9 a h\se )\t a ro( to x4 ,?is1 ,i say1 is no private judgm5t ( ?is man or t1 b ! common op9ion & exp]i5ce ( all c\ntries4 ,! two great divisions ( religion feel x1 ,roman ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant1 betwe5 :om ! controv]sy lies2 sceptics & lib]als1 :o are spectators ( ! conflict1 feel x2 philosoph]s feel x4 ,a s*ool ( div9es !re is1 ,i grant1 de> to memory1 :o h n felt x2 & _! exception w h its weight1--till we reflect t ! p>ticul> !ology :i* !y advocate has n ! prescription ( success1 nev] has be5 realiz$ 9 fact1 or1 if realiz$ = a mom5t1 _h no /ay2 moreov]1 t1 :5 x has be5 enact$ by human au?ority1 x has sc>cely travell$ beyond ! pap] on :i* x 0 pr9t$1 or out ( ! legal =ms 9 :i* x 0 embodi$4 ,b1 putt+ ! weight ( ^! rev]$ names at ! highe/1 !y d n con/itute m ?an an exception to ! g5]al rule1 su* z is f\nd 9 e subject t comes into discussion4 #e4 ,& ?is g5]al te/imony to ! on5ess ( ,ca?olicism ext5ds to its pa/ tea*+ relatively to its pres5t1 z well z to ! portions ( its pres5t tea*+ "o ) ano!r4 ,no "o d\bts1 ) su* exception z has j be5 all[$1 t ! ,roman ,ca?olic communion ( ?is day is ! successor & repres5tative ( ! ,m$ieval ,*ur*1 or t ! ,m$ieval ,*ur* is ! legitimate heir ( ! ,nic5e2 ev5 all[+ t x is a "q :e!r a l9e _c be drawn betwe5 ! ,nic5e ,*ur* & ! ,*ur* :i* prec$$ x4 ,on ! :ole1 all p>ties w agree t1 ( all exi/+ sy/ems1 ! pres5t communion ( ,rome is ! ne>e/ approximation 9 fact to ! ,*ur* ( ! ,fa!rs1 possible ?\gh "s may ?9k x1 to be ne>] /ill to t ,*ur* on pap]4 ,did ,/4 ,a?anasius or ,/4 ,ambrose come sudd5ly to life1 x _c be d\bt$ :at communion he w\ld take to be 8 own4 ,all surely w agree t ^! ,fa!rs1 ) :atev] op9ions ( _! own1 :atev] prote/s1 if we w1 w\ld f9d !mselves m at home ) su* m5 z ,/4 ,b]n>d or ,/4 ,ignatius ,loyola1 or ) ! lonely prie/ 9 8 lodg+1 or ! holy si/]hood ( m]cy1 or ! unlett]$ cr[d be=e ! alt>1 ?an ) ! tea*]s or ) ! memb]s ( any o!r cre$4 ,& may we n add1 t 7 ^? same ,sa9ts1 :o once soj\rn$1 "o 9 exile1 "o on embassy1 at ,treves1 to come m nor?w>d /ill1 & to travel until !y rea*$ ano!r fair city1 seat$ among groves1 gre5 mead[s1 & calm /reams1 ! holy bro!rs w\ld turn f _m a high aisle & solemn cloi/] :i* !y f\nd !re1 & ask ! way to "s small *apel :]e mass 0 said 9 ! popul\s alley or =lorn suburb8 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 c any "o :o has b he>d 8 "n1 & cursorily read 8 hi/ory1 d\bt = "o in/ant h[1 9 turn1 ! p ( ,engl&1 we1 our pr9ces1 our prie/s1 & our prophets1 ,lords & ,commons1 ,univ]sities1 ,ecclesia/ical ,c\rts1 m>ts ( comm]ce1 great t[ns1 c\ntry p>i%es1 w\ld deal ) ,a?anasius1--,a?anasius1 :o sp5t 8 long ye>s 9 fight+ aga9/ sov]eigns = a !ological t]m8 ,,footnotes3 #fb3a ,doctr9e ( ,ju/ification1 ,lect4 xiii4 #fd3a ,butl]'s ,anal4 ii4 #c4 #fg3a ,proph4 ,(fice1 ,lect4 xii4 ,via ,m$4 vol4 i4 pp4 #bib-c4 #gb3a ii4 #c2 vide also ii4 #d1 f94 #ge3a ,analogy1 ii4 #d1 ad f94 #gg3a ,proph4 ,(fice1 x4 ,via ,m$4 p4 #bej4 #gg3b ,ibid4 pp4 #bdg1 #bed4 #gi3a ,arians1 *4 i4 sect4 #c p4 #hb1 ed4 #c4 #ha3a ,proph4 ,(fice ,via ,m$4 vol4 i4 p4 #abb4 #ha3b ,x is v common to confuse infallibility ) c]titude1 b ! two words /& = ?+s q di/9ct f ea* o!r4 ,i rememb] = c]ta9 :at ,i did ye/]day1 b /ill my memory is n infallible4 ,i am q cle> t two & two makes f\r1 b ,i (t5 make mi/akes 9 long addition sums4 ,i h no d\bt :atev] t ,john or ,ri*>d is my true fri5d2 b ,i h be=e n[ tru/$ ^? :o fail$ me1 & ,i may d s aga9 be=e ,i die4 ,i am q c]ta9 t ,victoria is our sov]eign1 & n h] fa!r1 ! ,duke ( ,k5t1 )\t any claim myself to ! gift ( infallibility1 z ,i may d a virtu\s action1 )\t be+ impeccable4 ,i may be c]ta9 t ! ,*ur* is infallible1 :ile ,i am myself a fallible mortal2 o!rwise ,i _c be c]ta9 t ! ,supreme ,be+ is infallible1 unless ,i am infallible myself4 ,c]titude is direct$ to "o or o!r def9ite concrete proposition4 ,i am c]ta9 ( propositions "o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 or five1 "o by "o1 ea* by itself4 ,i c be c]ta9 ( "o ( !m1 )\t be+ c]ta9 ( ! re/3 t ,i am c]ta9 ( ! fir/ makes x nei!r likely nor unlikely t ,i am c]ta9 ( ! second3 b1 7 ,i infallible1 !n ,i %\ld be c]ta91 n only ( "o ( !m1 b ( all4--,essay on ,ass5t1 *4 vii4 sect4 #b4 #hd3a ,anal4 ii4 #c4 #hg3a ,de ,rom4 ,pont4 iv4 #b4 ,sev5 ye>s ago1 x is sc>cely necess>y to say1 ! ,vatican ,c\ncil det]m9$ t ! ,pope1 ex ca!dr1 has ! same infallibility z ! ,*ur*4 ,?is does n affect ! argum5t 9 ! text4 #hh3a ,proph4 ,(fice ,via ,m$4 vol4 i4 p4 #aag4 #hi3a #a ,tim4 iii4 #af2 ,isa4 lix4 #ba4 #ij3a ,ou g> ti nyn ge ka*!s1 k4t4l4 #ie3a ,vid4 ,via ,m$ia1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #bca-cda4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,on ,,! ,,hi/orical ,,argum5t ,,9 ,,behalf ,,( ,,! ,,exi/+ ,,developm5ts4 ,,section ,i4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,pro(4 ,x seems1 !n1 t we h to deal ) a case some?+ l ! foll[+3 ,c]ta9 doctr9es come to u1 pr(ess+ to be ,apo/olic1 & possess$ ( su* high antiquity t1 ?\gh we are only able to assign ! date ( _! =mal e/abli%m5t to ! f\r?1 or ! fif?1 or ! eigh?1 or ! ?irte5? c5tury1 z x may happ51 yet _! sub/ance may1 = :at appe>s1 be coeval ) ! ,apo/les1 & be express$ or impli$ 9 texts ( ,scripture4 ,fur!r1 ^! exi/+ doctr9es are univ]sally consid]$1 )\t any "q1 9 ea* age to be ! e*o ( ! doctr9es ( ! times imm$iately prec$+ !m1 & ?us are cont9ually ?r[n back to a date indef9itely e>ly1 ev5 ?\gh _! ultimate junction ) ! ,apo/olic ,cre$ be out ( sight & unasc]ta9able4 ,moreov]1 !y are confess$ to =m "o body "o ) ano!r1 s t to reject "o is to disp>age ! re/2 & !y include )9 ! range ( _! sy/em ev5 ^? prim>y articles ( fai?1 z ! ,inc>nation1 :i* _m an impugn] ( ! said doctr9al sy/em1 z a sy/em1 pr(esses to accept1 & :i*1 d :at he w1 he _c intelligibly sep>ate1 :e!r 9 po9t ( evid5ce or ( int]nal "*1 f o!rs :i* he disav[s4 ,fur!r1 ^! doctr9es occupy ! :ole field ( !ology1 & leave no?+ to be suppli$1 except 9 detail1 by any o!r sy/em2 :ile1 9 matt] ( fact1 no rival sy/em is =?com+1 s t we h to *oose betwe5 ?is !ology & none at all4 ,moreov]1 ?is !ology alone makes provision = t guidance ( op9ion & conduct1 :i* seems ext]nally to be ! special aim ( ,revelation2 & fulfils ! promises ( ,scripture1 by adapt+ itself to ! v>i\s problems ( ?\ght & practice :i* meet u 9 life4 ,&1 fur!r1 x is ! ne>e/ approa*1 to say ! lea/1 to ! religi\s s5tim5t1 & :at is call$ e?os1 ( ! e>ly ,*ur*1 nay1 to t ( ! ,apo/les & ,prophets2 = all w agree s f> z ?is1 t ,elijah1 ,j]emiah1 ! ,bapti/1 & ,/4 ,paul are 9 _! hi/ory & mode ( life 7,i d n speak ( measures ( grace1 no1 nor ( doctr9e & conduct1 = ^! are ! po9ts 9 dispute1 b7 9 :at is ext]nal & meets ! eye 7& ?is is no slight resemblance :5 ?+s are view$ z a :ole & f a di/ance71--^! sa9tly & h]oic m51 ,i say1 are m l a ,dom9ican prea*]1 or a ,jesuit mission>y1 or a ,c>melite fri>1 m l ,/4 ,toribio1 or ,/4 ,v9c5t ,f]r]1 or ,/4 ,francis ,xavi]1 or ,/4 ,alphonso ,liguori1 ?an to any individuals1 or to any classes ( m51 t c be f\nd 9 o!r communions4 ,& !n1 9 addition1 !re is ! high antec$5t probability t ,provid5ce w\ld wat* ov] ,8 own "w1 & w\ld direct & ratify ^? developm5ts ( doctr9e :i* 7 inevitable4 #b4 ,if ?is is1 on ! :ole1 a true view ( ! g5]al %ape "u :i* ! exi/+ body ( developm5ts1 commonly call$ ,ca?olic1 pres5t !mselves be=e u1 antec$5tly to our look+ into ! p>ticul> evid5ce on :i* !y /&1 ,i ?9k we %all be at no loss to det]m9e :at bo? logical tru? & duty prescribe to u z to our reception ( !m4 ,x is v little to say t we %\ld treat !m z we are accu/om$ to treat o!r alleg$ facts & tru?s & ! evid5ce = !m1 su* z come to u ) a fair presumption 9 _! fav\r4 ,su* are ( e day's occurr5ce2 & :at is our behavi\r t[>ds !m8 ,we meet !m1 n ) suspicion & criticism1 b ) a frank confid5ce4 ,we d n 9 ! fir/ in/ance ex]cise our reason ^u op9ions :i* are receiv$1 b our fai?4 ,we d n beg9 ) d\bt+2 we take !m on tru/1 & we put !m on trial1 & t1 n ( set purpose1 b spontane\sly4 ,we prove !m by us+ !m1 by apply+ !m to ! subject-matt]1 or ! evid5ce1 or ! body ( circum/ances1 to :i* !y belong1 z if !y gave x its int]pretation or its col\r z a matt] ( c\rse2 & only :5 !y fail1 9 ! ev5t1 9 illu/rat+ ph5om5a or h>moniz+ facts1 d we discov] t we mu/ reject ! doctr9es or ! /atem5ts :i* we _h 9 ! fir/ in/ance tak5 = grant$4 ,aga91 we take ! evid5ce = !m1 :atev] x be1 z a :ole1 z =m+ a comb9$ pro(2 & we int]pret :at is obscure 9 sep>ate portions by su* portions z are cle>4 ,moreov]1 we be> ) ^! 9 proportion to ! /r5g? ( ! antec$5t probability 9 _! fav\r1 we are pati5t ) difficulties 9 _! application1 ) app>5t objections to !m drawn f o!r matt]s ( fact1 defici5cy 9 _! compreh5siv5ess1 or want ( neatness 9 _! work+1 provid$ _! claims on our att5tion are consid]able4 #c4 ,?us mo/ m5 take ,newton's !ory ( gravitation = grant$1 because x is g5]ally receiv$1 & use x )\t rigidly te/+ x fir/1 ea* = himself1 7z x c be te/$17 by ph5om5a2 & if ph5om5a are f\nd :i* x does n satisfactorily solve1 ?is does n tr\ble u1 = a way !re mu/ be ( expla9+ !m1 consi/5tly ) t !ory1 ?\gh x does n occur to ourselves4 ,aga91 if we f\nd a concise or obscure passage 9 "o ( ,cic]o's lett]s to ,atticus1 we %\ld n scruple to admit z its true explanation a m explicit /atem5t 9 8 ,ad ,famili>es4 s*ylus is illu/rat$ by ,sophocles 9 po9t ( language1 & ,?ucydides by ,ari/ophanes1 9 po9t ( hi/ory4 ,horace1 ,p]sius1 ,suetonius1 ,tacitus1 & ,juv5al may be made to ?r[ light ^u ea* o!r4 ,ev5 ,plato may ga9 a comm5tator 9 ,plot9us1 & ,/4 ,anselm is int]pret$ by ,/4 ,?omas4 ,two writ]s1 inde$1 may be already kn[n to diff]1 & !n we d n jo9 !m toge!r z fell[-witnesses to common tru?s2 ,lu!r has tak5 on himself to expla9 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 & ,voltaire1 ,pascal1 )\t p]suad+ ! _w t !y h a claim to d s2 b 9 no case d we beg9 ) ask+ :e!r a comm5t does n disagree ) its text1 :5 !re is a prim facie congruity betwe5 !m4 ,we elucidate ! text by ! comm5t1 ?\gh1 or r because1 ! comm5t is full] & m explicit ?an ! text4 #d4 ,?us too we deal ) ,scripture1 :5 we h to int]pret ! prophetical text & ! types ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! ev5t :i* is ! developm5t is also ! int]pretation ( ! pr$iction2 x provides a fulfilm5t by impos+ a mean+4 ,& we accept c]ta9 ev5ts z ! fulfilm5t ( prophecy f ! broad correspond5ce ( ! "o ) ! o!r1 9 spite ( _m incid5tal difficulties4 ,! difficulty1 = in/ance1 9 acc\nt+ = ! fact t ! disp]sion ( ! ,jews foll[$ ^u _! keep+1 n _! dep>t+ f _! ,law1 does n h9d] u f insi/+ on _! pres5t /ate z an argum5t aga9/ ! infidel4 ,aga91 we readily submit our reason on compet5t au?ority1 & accept c]ta9 ev5ts z an accompli%m5t ( pr$ictions1 :i* seem v f> remov$ f !m2 z 9 ! passage1 ,out ( ,egypt h ,i call$ ,my ,son4 ,nor d we f9d a difficulty1 :5 ,/4 ,paul appeals to a text ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :i* /&s o!rwise 9 our ,hebrew copies2 z ! words1 ,a body ha/ ,?\ prep>$ ,me4 ,we receive su* difficulties on fai?1 & leave !m to take c>e ( !mselves4 ,mu* less d we consid] m]e fulness 9 ! int]pretation1 or def9it5ess1 or aga9 /rang5ess1 z a suffici5t reason = depriv+ ! text1 or ! action to :i* x is appli$1 ( ! advantage ( su* int]pretation4 ,we make x no objection t ! words !mselves come %ort ( x1 or t ! sacr$ writ] did n contemplate x1 or t a previ\s fulfilm5t satisfies x4 ,a read] :o came to ! inspir$ text by himself1 beyond ! influ5ce ( t traditional acceptation :i* happily encompasses x1 w\ld be surpris$ to be told t ! ,prophet's words1 ,a virg9 %all conceive1 c41 or ,let all ! ,angels ( ,god wor%ip ,him1 ref] to our ,"l2 b assum+ ! intimate connexion betwe5 ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity1 & ! inspiration ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 we d n scruple to believe x4 ,we rightly feel t x is no prejudice to our receiv+ ! prophecy ( ,balaam 9 its ,*ri/ian mean+1 t x is adequately fulfill$ 9 ,david2 or ! hi/ory ( ,jonah1 t x is poetical 9 "* & has a moral 9 itself l an apologue2 or ! meet+ ( ,abraham & ,mel*iz$ek1 t x is too brief & simple to mean any great ?+1 z ,/4 ,paul int]prets x4 #e4 ,butl] corroborates ^! rem>ks1 :5 speak+ ( ! p>ticul> evid5ce = ,*ri/ianity4 ,! obscurity or un9telligibl5ess1 he says1 ( "o "p ( a prophecy does n 9 any degree invalidate ! pro( ( =esight1 aris+ f ! appe>+ completion ( ^? o!r p>ts :i* are und]/ood4 ,= ! case is evid5tly ! same z if ^? p>ts1 :i* are n und]/ood1 7 lo/1 or n writt5 at all1 or writt5 9 an unkn[n tongue4 ,:e!r ?is obs]vation be commonly att5d$ to or n1 x is s evid5t t "o c sc>ce br+ "o's self to set d[n an in/ance 9 common matt]s to exemplify x4#ajd3a ,he cont9ues1 ,?\gh a man %\ld be incapable1 = want ( le>n+1 or opportunities ( inquiry1 or f n hav+ turn$ 8 /udies ?is way1 ev5 s mu* z to judge :e!r p>ticul> prophecies h be5 ?r\gh\t completely fulfill$2 yet he may see1 9 g5]al1 t !y h be5 fulfill$ to su* a degree1 z1 ^u v good gr\nd1 to be conv9c$ ( =esight m ?an human 9 su* prophecies1 & ( su* ev5ts be+ int5d$ by !m4 ,= ! same reason also1 ?\gh1 by means ( ! defici5cies 9 civil hi/ory1 & ! diff]5t acc\nts ( hi/orians1 ! mo/ le>n$ %\ld n be able to make out to satisfaction t su* p>ts ( ! prophetic hi/ory h be5 m9utely & ?r\gh\t fulfill$2 yet a v /rong pro( ( =esight may arise f t g5]al completion ( !m :i* is made out2 z mu* pro( ( =esight1 p]haps1 z ! ,giv] ( prophecy int5d$ %\ld ev] be af=d$ by su* p>ts ( prophecy4 #f4 ,he illu/rates ?is by ! p>allel in/ance ( fable & conceal$ satire4 ,a man might be assur$ t he und]/ood :at an au?or int5d$ by a fable or p>able1 relat$ )\t any application or moral1 m]ely f see+ x to be easily capable ( su* application1 & t su* a moral might naturally be d$uc$ f x4 ,& he might be fully assur$ t su* p]sons & ev5ts 7 int5d$ 9 a satirical writ+1 m]ely f its be+ applicable to !m4 ,&1 agreeably to ! la/ obs]vation1 he might be 9 a good measure satisfi$ ( x1 ?\gh he 7 n en\gh in=m$ 9 affairs1 or 9 ! /ory ( su* p]sons1 to und]/& half ! satire4 ,= 8 satisfaction1 t he und]/ood ! mean+1 ! int5d$ mean+1 ( ^! writ+s1 w\ld be great] or less1 9 proportion z he saw ! g5]al turn ( !m to be capable ( su* application1 & 9 proportion to ! numb] ( p>ticul> ?+s capable ( x4 ,& he inf]s h5ce1 t if a kn[n c\rse ( ev5ts1 or ! hi/ory ( a p]son z our ,"l1 is f\nd to answ] on ! :ole to ! prophetical text1 x becomes fairly ! "r int]pretation ( t text1 9 spite ( difficulties 9 detail4 ,& ?is rule ( int]pretation admits ( an obvi\s application to ! p>allel case ( doctr9al passages1 :5 a c]ta9 cre$1 :i* pr(esses to h be5 d]iv$ f ,revelation1 comes recomm5d$ to u on /rong antec$5t gr\nds1 & pres5ts no /rong opposition to ! sacr$ text4 ,! same au?or obs]ves t ! fir/ fulfilm5t ( a prophecy is no valid objection to a second1 :5 :at seems l a second has once tak5 place2 &1 9 l mann]1 an int]pretation ( doctr9al texts may be lit]al1 exact1 & suffici5t1 yet 9 spite ( all ?is may n embrace :at is really ! full scope ( _! mean+2 & t full] scope1 if x s happ51 may be less satisfactory & precise1 z an int]pretation1 ?an _! prim>y & n>r[ s5se4 ,?us1 if ! ,prote/ant int]pretation ( ! six? *apt] ( ,/4 ,john 7 true & suffici5t = its lett]1 7:i* ( c\rse ,i d n grant17 t w\ld n h9d] ! ,roman1 :i* at lea/ is q compatible ) ! text1 be+ ! high] s5se & ! only rightful4 ,9 su* cases ! ju/ification ( ! l>g] & high] int]pretation lies 9 "s antec$5t probability1 su* z ,ca?olic cons5t2 & ! gr\nd ( ! n>r[ is ! context1 & ! rules ( gramm>2 &1 :]eas ! argum5t ( ! critical comm5tator is t ! sacr$ text ne$ n mean m ?an ! lett]1 ^? :o adopt a deep] view ( x ma9ta91 z ,butl] 9 ! case ( prophecy1 t we h no w>rant = putt+ a limit to ! s5se ( words :i* are n human b div9e4 #g4 ,n[ x is b a p>allel ex]cise ( reason+ to int]pret ! previ\s hi/ory ( a doctr9e by its lat] developm5t1 & to consid] t x conta9s ! lat] 9 posse & 9 ! div9e int5tion2 & ! grudg+ & jeal\s temp]1 :i* refuses to enl>ge ! sacr$ text = ! fulfilm5t ( prophecy1 is ! v same t w occupy itself 9 c>p+ at ! ,ante-nic5e te/imonies = ,nic5e or ,m$ieval doctr9es & usages4 ,:5 ,i & ,my ,fa!r are ,"o is urg$ 9 pro( ( our ,"l's unity ) ! ,fa!r1 h]etical disputants d n see :y ! words mu/ be tak5 to d5ote m ?an a unity ( w4 ,:5 ,?is is ,my ,body is alleg$ z a w>rant = ! *ange ( ! ,bread into ! ,body ( ,*ri/1 !y expla9 away ! words into a figure1 because su* is _! mo/ obvi\s int]pretation4 ,&1 9 l mann]1 :5 ,roman ,ca?olics urge ,/4 ,gregory's invocations1 !y are told t ^! are b rhetorical2 or ,/4 ,clem5t's allusion to ,purgatory1 t p]haps x 0 ,platonism2 or ,orig5's language ab\t pray+ to ,angels & ! m]its ( ,m>tyrs1 t x is b an in/ance ( 8 het]odoxy2 or ,/4 ,cyprian's exaltation ( ! ,ca!dra ,petri1 t he ne$ n be contemplat+ m ?an a figurative or ab/ract see2 or ! g5]al te/imony to ! spiritual au?ority ( ,rome 9 primitive times1 t x arose f h] temporal greatness2 or ,t]tullian's language ab\t ,tradition & ! ,*ur*1 t he took a lawy]'s view ( ^? subjects2 :]eas ! e>ly condition1 & ! evid5ce1 ( ea* doctr9e respectively1 ought consi/5tly to be int]pret$ by means ( t developm5t :i* 0 ultimately atta9$4 #h4 ,moreov]1 s9ce1 z above %[n1 ! doctr9es all toge!r make up "o integral religion1 x foll[s t ! sev]al evid5ces :i* respectively support ^? doctr9es belong to a :ole1 & mu/ be ?r[n into a common /ock1 & all are available 9 ! def5ce ( any4 ,a collection ( weak evid5ces makes up a /rong evid5ce2 aga91 "o /rong argum5t imp>ts cog5cy to collat]al argum5ts :i* are 9 !mselves weak4 ,= in/ance1 z to ! miracles1 :e!r ( ,scripture or ! ,*ur*1 ! numb] ( ^? :i* c>ry ) !m _! own pro( n[1 & are believ$ = _! own sake1 is small1 & !y furni% ! gr\nds on :i* we receive ! re/4#ajg3a ,aga91 no "o w\ld fancy x necess>y1 be=e receiv+ ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel1 to f9d primitive te/imony 9 behalf ( e *apt] & v]se3 :5 only "p is prov$ to h be5 9 exi/5ce 9 anci5t times1 ! :ole is prov$1 because t "p is b "p ( a :ole2 & :5 ! :ole is prov$1 x may %elt] su* p>ts z = "s incid5tal reason h less evid5ce ( _! antiquity4 ,aga91 x w\ld be en\gh to %[ t ,/4 ,augu/9e knew ! ,italic v]sion ( ! ,scriptures1 if he quot$ x once or twice4 ,&1 9 l mann]1 x w be g5]ally admitt$ t ! pro( ( a ,second ,p]son 9 ! ,godhead light5s greatly ! burd5 ( pro( necess>y = belief 9 a ,?ird ,p]son2 & t1 ! ,atonem5t be+ 9 "s sort a correlative ( et]nal puni%m5t1 ! evid5ce = ! =m] doctr9e virtually increases ! evid5ce = ! latt]4 ,& s1 a ,prote/ant controv]siali/ w\ld feel t x told little1 except z an om5 ( victory1 to r$uce an oppon5t to a d5ial ( ,transub/antiation1 if he /ill adh]$ firmly to ! ,invocation ( ,sa9ts1 ,purgatory1 ! ,sev5 ,sacram5ts1 & ! doctr9e ( m]it2 & little too = "o ( 8 own p>ty to condemn ! adoration ( ! ,ho/1 ! supremacy ( ,rome1 ! acceptabl5ess ( celibacy1 auricul> confession1 communion "u "o k9d1 & tradition1 if he 0 zeal\s = ! doctr9e ( ! ,immaculate ,conception4 #i4 ,! pr9ciple on :i* ^! rem>ks are made has ! sanction ( "s ( ! deepe/ ( ,engli% ,div9es4 ,bi%op ,butl]1 = in/ance1 :o has s (t5 be5 quot$ "h1 ?us argues 9 behalf ( ,*ri/ianity itself1 ?\gh confess+ at ! same "t ! disadvantage :i* 9 consequ5ce ! reveal$ sy/em lies "u4 ,probable pro(s1 he obs]ves1 by be+ add$1 n only increase ! evid5ce1 b multiply x4 ,nor %\ld ,i dissuade any "o f sett+ d[n :at he ?\ght made = ! contr>y side4 4 4 4 ,! tru? ( our religion1 l ! tru? ( common matt]s1 is to be judg$ by all ! evid5ce tak5 toge!r4 ,& unless ! :ole s]ies ( ?+s :i* may be alleg$ 9 ?is argum5t1 & e p>ticul> ?+ 9 x1 c reasonably be suppos$ to h be5 by accid5t 7= "h ! /ress ( ! argum5t = ,*ri/ianity lies71 !n is ! tru? ( x prov$2 9 l mann]1 z if1 9 any common case1 num]\s ev5ts ackn[l$g$ 7 to be alleg$ 9 pro( ( any o!r ev5t disput$1 ! tru? ( ! disput$ ev5t w\ld be prov$1 n only if any "o ( ! ackn[l$g$ ones did ( itself cle>ly imply x1 b ?\gh no "o ( !m s+ly did s1 if ! :ole ( ! ackn[l$g$ ev5ts1 tak5 toge!r1 c\ld n 9 reason be suppos$ to h happ5$1 unless ! disput$ "o 7 true4 ,x is obvi\s h[ mu* advantage ! nature ( ?is evid5ce gives to ^? p]sons :o attack ,*ri/ianity1 especially 9 conv]sation4 ,= x is easy to %[1 9 a %ort & lively mann]1 t su* & su* ?+s are liable to objection1 t ?is & ano!r ?+ is ( little weight 9 itself2 b impossible to %[1 9 l mann]1 ! unit$ =ce ( ! :ole argum5t 9 "o view4#aji3a ,9 l mann]1 ,mr4 ,davison condemns t vici\s mann] ( reason+1 :i* repres5ts any insuffici5cy ( ! pro(1 9 its sev]al bran*es1 z s mu* objection2 :i* manages ! inquiry s z to make x appe> t1 if ! divid$ argum5ts be inconclusive "o by "o1 we h a s]ies ( exceptions to ! tru?s ( religion in/ead ( a tra9 ( fav\rable presumptions1 gr[+ /rong] at e /ep4 ,! disciple ( ,scepticism is taught t he _c fully rely on ?is or t motive ( belief1 t ea* ( !m is insecure1 & ! conclusion is put ^u him t !y ought to be disc>d$ "o aft] ano!r1 in/ead ( be+ connect$ & comb9$4#aji3b ,no "w p]haps af=ds m specim5s 9 a %ort compass ( ! brea* ( ! pr9ciple ( reason+ inculcat$ 9 ^! passages1 ?an ,b>r['s ,treatise on ! ,pope's ,supremacy4 #aj4 ,! rem>ks ( ^! two writ]s relate to ! duty ( comb9+ doctr9es :i* belong to "o body1 & evid5ces :i* relate to "o subject2 & few p]sons w\ld dispute x 9 ! ab/ract4 ,! application :i* has be5 "h made ( ! pr9ciple is ?is1--t :]e a doctr9e comes recomm5d$ to u by /rong presumptions ( its tru?1 we are b\nd to receive x unsuspici\sly1 & use x z a key to ! evid5ces to :i* x appeals1 or ! facts :i* x pr(esses to sy/ematize1 :atev] may be our ev5tual judgm5t ab\t x4 ,nor is x en\gh to answ]1 t ! voice ( our p>ticul> ,*ur*1 d5y+ ?is s-call$ ,ca?olicism1 is an antec$5t probability :i* outweighs all o!rs & claims our prior ob$i5ce1 loyally & )\t reason+1 to its own int]pretation4 ,?is may excuse individuals c]ta9ly1 9 beg9n+ ) d\bt & di/ru/ ( ! ,ca?olic developm5ts1 b x only %ifts ! blame to ! p>ticul> ,*ur*1 ,anglican or o!r1 :i* ?9ks itself qualifi$ to en=ce s p]emptory a judgm5t aga9/ ! "o & only successor1 heir & repres5tative ( ! ,apo/olic college4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,,/ate ,,( ,,! ,,evid5ce4 ,bacon is celebrat$ = de/roy+ ! cr$it ( a me?od ( reason+ mu* resembl+ t :i* x has be5 ! object ( ?is ,*apt] to recomm5d4 ,he :o is n practis$ 9 d\bt+1 he says1 b =w>d 9 ass]t+ & lay+ d[n su* pr9ciples z he takes to be approv$1 grant$ & manife/1 &1 accord+ to ! e/abli%$ tru? !re(1 receives or rejects ev]y?+1 z squ>+ ) or prov+ contr>y to !m1 is only fitt$ to mix & conf\nd ?+s ) words1 reason ) madness1 & ! _w ) fable & fiction1 b n to int]pret ! works ( nature4#aaj3a ,b he 0 aim+ at ! application ( ^! modes ( reason+ to :at %\ld be /rict inve/igation1 & t 9 ! prov9ce ( physics2 & ?is he might well c5sure1 )\t attempt+1 7:at is impossible17 to bani% !m f hi/ory1 e?ics1 & religion4 ,physical facts are pres5t2 !y are submitt$ to ! s5ses1 & ! s5ses may be satisfactorily te/$1 correct$1 & v]ifi$4 ,to tru/ to any?+ b s5se 9 a matt] ( s5se is irrational2 :y are ! s5ses giv5 u b to sup]s$e less c]ta91 less imm$iate in=mants8 ,we h rec\rse to reason or au?ority to det]m9e facts1 :5 ! s5ses fail u2 b ) ! s5ses we beg94 ,we d$uce1 we =m inductions1 we ab/ract1 we !orize f facts2 we d n beg9 ) surmise & conjecture1 mu* less d we look to ! tradition ( pa/ ages1 or ! decree ( =eign tea*]s1 to det]m9e matt]s :i* are 9 our h&s & "u our eyes4 ,b x is o!rwise ) hi/ory1 ! facts ( :i* are n pres5t2 x is o!rwise ) e?ics1 9 :i* ph5om5a are m subtle1 clos]1 & m p]sonal to individuals ?an o!r facts1 & n ref]able to any common /&>d by :i* all m5 c decide ^u !m4 ,9 su* sci5ces1 we _c re/ ^u m]e facts1 if we w\ld1 because we h n got !m4 ,we mu/ d our be/ ) :at is giv5 u1 & look ab\t = aid f any qu>t]2 & 9 su* circum/ances ! op9ions ( o!rs1 ! traditions ( ages1 ! prescriptions ( au?ority1 antec$5t auguries1 analogies1 p>allel cases1 ^! & ! l1 n inde$ tak5 at r&om1 b1 l ! evid5ce f ! s5ses1 sift$ & scrut9iz$1 obvi\sly become ( great importance4 #b4 ,&1 fur!r1 if we proce$ on ! hypo!sis t a m]ciful ,provid5ce has suppli$ u ) means ( ga9+ su* tru? z conc]ns u1 9 diff]5t subject-matt]s1 ?\gh ) diff]5t in/rum5ts1 !n ! simple "q is1 :at ^? in/rum5ts are :i* are prop] to a p>ticul> case4 ,if !y are ( ! appo9tm5t ( a ,div9e ,protector1 we may be sure t !y w lead to ! tru?1 :atev] !y are4 ,! less exact me?ods ( reason+ may d ,8 "w z well z ! m p]fect1 if ,he blesses !m4 ,he may bless antec$5t probabilities 9 e?ical inquiries1 :o blesses exp]i5ce & induction 9 ! art ( m$ic9e4 ,& if x is reasonable to consid] m$ic9e1 or ar*itecture1 or eng9e]+1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 div9e arts1 z be+ div9ely orda9$ means ( our receiv+ div9e b5efits1 mu* m may e?ics be call$ div9e2 :ile z to religion1 x directly pr(esses to be ! me?od ( recomm5d+ ourselves to ,him & le>n+ ,8 w4 ,if !n x be ,8 graci\s purpose t we %\ld le>n x1 ! means ,he gives = le>n+ x1 be !y promis+ or n to human eyes1 are suffici5t1 because !y are ,84 ,& :at !y are at ?is p>ticul> "t1 or to ?is p]son1 dep5ds on ,8 disposition4 ,he may h impos$ simple pray] & ob$i5ce on "s m5 z ! in/rum5t ( _! atta9+ to ! my/]ies & precepts ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,he may lead o!rs ?r\gh ! writt5 ^w1 at lea/ = "s /ages ( _! c\rse2 & if ! =mal basis on :i* ,he has re/$ ,8 revelations be1 z x is1 ( an hi/orical & philosophical "*1 !n antec$5t probabilities1 subsequ5tly corroborat$ by facts1 w be suffici5t1 z 9 ! p>allel case ( o!r hi/ory1 to br+ u safely to ! matt]1 or at lea/ to ! organ1 ( ^? revelations4 #c4 ,moreov]1 9 subjects :i* belong to moral pro(1 su*1 ,i mean1 z hi/ory1 antiquities1 political sci5ce1 e?ics1 metaphysics1 & !ology1 :i* are pre-em95tly su*1 & especially 9 !ology & e?ics1 antec$5t probability may h a real weight & cog5cy :i* x _c h 9 exp]im5tal sci5ce2 & a mature politician or div9e may h a p[] ( rea*+ matt]s ( fact 9 consequ5ce ( 8 peculi> habits ( m9d1 :i* is seldom giv5 9 ! same degree to physical inquir]s1 :o1 = ! purposes ( ?is p>ticul> pursuit1 are v mu* on a level4 ,& ?is la/ rem>k at lea/ is confirm$ by ,"l ,bacon1 :o confesses ,our me?od ( discov]+ ! sci5ces does n mu* dep5d ^u subtlety & /r5g? ( g5ius1 b lies level to almo/ e capacity & und]/&+2#aac3a ?\gh surely sci5ces !re are1 9 :i* g5ius is ev]y?+1 & rules all b no?+4 #d4 ,x w be a great mi/ake !n to suppose t1 because ?is em95t philosoph] condemn$ presumption & prescription 9 inquiries into facts :i* are ext]nal to u1 pres5t ) u1 & common to u all1 !re=e au?ority1 tradition1 v]isimilitude1 analogy1 & ! l1 are m]e idols ( ! d5 or ( ! !atre 9 hi/ory or e?ics4 ,"h we may oppose to him an au?or 9 8 own l9e z great z he is3 ,exp]i5ce1 says ,bacon1 is by f> ! be/ demon/ration1 provid$ x dwell 9 ! exp]im5t2 = ! transf]r+ ( x to o!r ?+s judg$ alike is v fallaci\s1 unless done ) great exactness & regul>ity4#aac3b ,niebuhr expla9s or corrects him3 ,in/ances are n argum5ts1 he grants1 :5 inve/igat+ an obscure "q ( ,roman hi/ory1--in/ances are n argum5ts1 b 9 hi/ory are sc>cely ( less =ce2 above all1 :]e ! p>allel !y exhibit is 9 ! progressive developm5t ( in/itutions4#aac3c ,"h ?is sagaci\s writ] recognizes ! true pr9ciple ( hi/orical logic1 :ile he exemplifies x4 ,! same pr9ciple is involv$ 9 ! well-kn[n maxim ( ,ari/otle1 t x is mu* ! same to admit ! probabilities ( a ma!matician1 & to look = demon/ration f an orator4 ,9 all matt]s ( human life1 presumption v]ifi$ by in/ances1 is our ord9>y in/rum5t ( pro(1 &1 if ! antec$5t probability is great1 x almo/ sup]s$es in/ances4 ,( c\rse1 z is pla91 we may err griev\sly 9 ! antec$5t view :i* we />t )1 & 9 t case1 our conclusions may be wide ( ! tru?2 b t only %[s t we _h no "r to assume a premiss :i* 0 untru/wor?y1 n t our reason+ 0 faulty4 #e4 ,i am speak+ ( ! process itself1 & its correctness is %[n by its g5]al adoption4 ,9 religi\s que/ions a s+le text ( ,scripture is all-suffici5t ) mo/ p1 :e!r ! well dispos$ or ! prejudic$1 to prove a doctr9e or a duty 9 cases :5 a cu/om is e/abli%$ or a tradition is /rong4 ,n =sak+ ! assembl+ ( ourselves toge!r is suffici5t = e/abli%+ social1 public1 nay1 ,sunday wor%ip4 ,:]e ! tree falle?1 !re %all x lie1 %[s t our probation ends ) life4 ,=bidd+ to m>ry det]m9es ! ,pope to be ! man ( s94 ,aga91 x is pla9 t a man's aft] c\rse = good or bad br+s out ! pass+ words or obscure actions ( previ\s ye>s4 ,!n1 on a retrospect1 we use ! ev5t z a presumptive int]pretation ( ! pa/1 ( ^? pa/ indications ( 8 "* :i*1 consid]$ z evid5ce1 7 too few & d\btful to be> insi/+ on at ! "t1 & w\ld h seem$ ridicul\s1 _h we attempt$ to d s4 ,& ! antec$5t probability is ev5 f\nd to triumph ov] contr>y evid5ce1 z well z to su/a9 :at agrees ) x4 ,e "o may "k ( cases 9 :i* a plausible *>ge aga9/ an individual 0 borne d[n at once by weight ( "*1 ?\gh t "* 0 incomm5surate ( c\rse ) ! circum/ances :i* gave rise to suspicion1 & _h no direct neutraliz+ =ce to de/roy x4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is sometimes said1 & ev5 if n lit]ally true w s]ve 9 illu/ration1 t n a few ( ^? :o are put on trial 9 our crim9al c\rts are n legally guilty ( ! p>ticul> crime on :i* a v]dict is f\nd aga9/ !m1 be+ convict$ n s mu* ^u ! p>ticul> evid5ce1 z on ! presumption aris+ f _! want ( "* & ! memory ( _! =m] (f5ces4 ,nor is x 9 slight matt]s only or unimportant t we ?us act4 ,our de>e/ int]e/s1 our p]sonal welf>e1 our prop]ty1 our heal?1 our reputation1 we freely haz>d1 n on pro(1 b on a simple probability1 :i* is suffici5t = our conviction1 because prud5ce dictates to u s to take x4 ,we mu/ be cont5t to foll[ ! law ( our be+ 9 religi\s matt]s z well z 9 secul>4 #f4 ,b !re is m to say on ! subord9ate position :i* direct evid5ce holds among ! motiva ( conviction 9 mo/ matt]s4 ,x is no p>adox to say t !re is a c]ta9 scant9ess1 nay an abs5ce ( evid5ce1 :i* may ev5 tell 9 fav\r ( /atem5ts :i* require to be made good4 ,!re are inde$ cases 9 :i* we _c discov] ! law ( sil5ce or defici5cy1 :i* are !n simply unacc\ntable4 ,?us ,lucian1 = :atev] reason1 h>dly notices ,roman au?ors or affairs4#aae3a ,maximus ,tyrius1 :o wrote sev]al ( 8 works at ,rome1 nev]!less makes no ref]5ce to ,roman hi/ory4 ,pat]culus1 ! hi/orian1 is m5tion$ by no anci5t writ] except ,priscian4 ,:at is m to our pres5t purpose1 ,s5eca1 ,pl9y ! eld]1 & ,plut>* are altoge!r sil5t ab\t ,*ri/ianity2 & p]haps ,epictetus also1 & ! ,emp]or ,m>cus4 ,! ,jewi% ,mi%na1 too1 compil$ ab\t ,a4,d4 #ahj1 is sil5t ab\t ,*ri/ianity2 & ! ,j]usalem & ,babyloni% ,talmuds almo/ s1 ?\gh ! "o 0 compil$ ab\t ,a4,d4 #cjj1 & ! o!r ,a4,d4 #ejj4aae3b ,eusebius aga91 is v unc]ta9 9 8 notice ( facts3 he does n speak ( ,/4 ,me?odius1 nor ( ,/4 ,an?ony1 nor ( ! m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,p]petua1 nor ( ! miracul\s p[]s ( ,/4 ,gregory ,?aumaturgus2 & he m5tions ,con/ant9e's lum9\s cross1 n 9 8 ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 :]e x w\ld naturally f9d a place1 b 9 8 ,life ( ! ,emp]or4 ,moreov]1 ^? :o receive t wond]ful occurr5ce1 :i* is1 z "o :o rejects x all[s1#aaf3a s inexplicable to ! hi/orical inquir]1 h to expla9 ! difficulty ( ! univ]sal sil5ce on ! subject ( all ! ,fa!rs ( ! f\r? & fif? c5turies1 except+ ,eusebius4 ,9 l mann]1 ,scripture has its unexpla9$ omissions4 ,no religi\s s*ool f9ds its own t5ets & usages on ! surface ( x4 ,! rem>k applies also to ! v context ( ,scripture1 z 9 ! obscurity :i* hangs ov] ,na?anael or ! ,magdal54 ,x is a rem>kable circum/ance t !re is no direct intimation all ?r\gh ,scripture t ! ,s]p5t m5tion$ 9 ! temptation ( ,eve 0 ! evil _s1 till we come to ! vision ( ! ,woman & ,*ild1 & _! adv]s>y1 ! ,dragon1 9 ! twelf? *apt] ( ! ,apocalypse4 #g4 ,omissions1 ?us absolute & s+ul>1 :5 !y occur 9 ! evid5ce ( facts or doctr9es1 are ( c\rse difficulties2 on ! o!r h&1 n unfrequ5tly !y admit ( explanation4 ,sil5ce may arise f ! v notoriety ( ! facts 9 "q1 z 9 ! case ( ! seasons1 ! wea!r1 or o!r natural ph5om5a2 or f _! sacr$ness1 z ! ,a!nians w\ld n m5tion ! my?ological ,furies2 or f ext]nal con/ra9t1 z ! omission ( ! /atues ( ,brutus & ,cassius 9 ! procession4 ,or x may proce$ f fe> or disgu/1 z on ! arrival ( unwelcome news2 or f indignation1 or hatr$1 or contempt1 or p]plexity1 z ,josephus is sil5t ab\t ,*ri/ianity1 & ,eusebius passes ov] ! dea? ( ,crispus 9 8 life ( ,con/ant9e2 or f o!r /rong feel+1 z impli$ 9 ! poet's s5tim5t1 ,give sorr[ words2 or f policy or o!r prud5tial motive1 or propriety1 z ,que5's ,spee*es d n m5tion individuals1 h[ev] influ5tial 9 ! political _w1 & newspap]s aft] a "t 7 sil5t ab\t ! *ol]a4 ,or1 aga91 f ! natural & gradual c\rse :i* ! fact took1 z 9 ! in/ance ( inv5tions & discov]ies1 ! hi/ory ( :i* is on ?is acc\nt (t5 obscure2 or f loss ( docum5ts or o!r direct te/imonies1 z we %\ld n look = !ological in=mation 9 a treatise on geology4 #h4 ,aga91 x frequ5tly happ5s t omissions proce$ on "s law1 z ! v>y+ influ5ce ( an ext]nal cause2 & !n1 s f> f be+ a p]plexity1 !y may ev5 confirm su* evid5ce z occurs1 by becom+1 z x 71 its correlative4 ,= in/ance1 an ob/acle may be assignable1 p]son1 or pr9ciple1 or accid5t1 :i* ought1 if x exi/s1 to r$uce or di/ort ! indications ( a fact to t v po9t1 or 9 t v direction1 or ) ! v>iations1 or 9 ! ord] & succession1 :i* d occur 9 its actual hi/ory4 ,at fir/ sight x might be a suspici\s circum/ance t b "o or two manuscripts ( "s celebrat$ docum5t 7 =?com+2 b if x 7 kn[n t ! sov]eign p[] _h ex]t$ itself to suppress & de/roy x at ! "t ( its publication1 & t ! extant manuscripts 7 f\nd j 9 ^? places :]e hi/ory witness$ to ! failure ( ! attempt1 ! co9cid5ce w\ld be highly corroborative ( t evid5ce :i* alone rema9$4 ,?us x is possible to h too mu* evid5ce2 t is1 evid5ce s full or exact z to ?r[ suspicion ov] ! case = :i* x is adduc$4 ,! g5u9e ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,ignatius conta9 none ( ^? ecclesia/ical t]ms1 su* z ,prie/ or ,see1 :i* are s frequ5t aft]w>ds2 & !y quote ,scripture sp>+ly4 ,! int]polat$ ,epi/les quote x l>gely2 t is1 !y are too ,scriptural to be ,apo/olic4 ,few p]sons1 aga91 :o are acqua9t$ ) ! primitive !ology1 b w be sceptical at fir/ read+ ( ! au!nticity ( su* works z ! long] ,cre$ ( ,/4 ,gregory ,?aumaturgus1 or ,/4 ,hippolytus contra ,b]onem1 f ! precision ( ! !ological language1 :i* is unsuitable to ! ,ante-nic5e p]iod4 #i4 ,! influ5ce ( circum/ances ^u ! expression ( op9ion or te/imony supplies ano!r =m ( ! same law ( omission4 ,i am ready to admit1 says ,paley1 t ! anci5t ,*ri/ian advocates did n insi/ ^u ! miracles 9 argum5t s frequ5tly z ,i %\ld h done4 ,x 0 _! lot to cont5d ) notions ( magical ag5cy1 aga9/ :i* ! m]e production ( ! facts 0 n suffici5t = ! conv9c+ ( _! adv]s>ies2 ,i d n "k :e!r !y !mselves ?\ght x q decisive ( ! controv]sy4 ,b s9ce x is prov$1 ,i conceive ) c]ta9ty1 t ! sp>+ness ) :i* !y appeal$ to miracles 0 ow+ nei!r to _! ignorance nor _! d\bt ( ! facts1 x is at any rate an objection1 n to ! tru? ( ! hi/ory1 b to ! judgm5t ( its def5d]s4#aah3a ,&1 9 l mann]1 ,*ri/ians 7 n likely to ent]ta9 ! "q ( ! ab/ract all[abl5ess ( images 9 ! ,ca?olic ritual1 ) ! actual sup]/itions & immoralities ( paganism be=e _! eyes4 ,nor 7 !y likely to det]m9e ! place ( ! ,bless$ ,m>y 9 our rev]5ce1 be=e !y _h duly secur$1 9 ! affections ( ! fai?ful1 ! supreme glory & wor%ip ( ,god ,inc>nate1 h] ,et]nal ,"l & ,son4 ,nor w\ld !y recognize ,purgatory z a "p ( ! ,disp5sation1 till ! _w _h fl[$ into ! ,*ur*1 & a habit ( corruption _h be5 l>gely sup]9duc$4 ,nor c\ld ecclesia/ical lib]ty be ass]t$1 till x _h be5 assail$4 ,nor w\ld a ,pope arise1 b 9 proportion z ! ,*ur* 0 consolidat$4 ,nor w\ld mona*ism be ne$$1 :ile m>tyrdoms 7 9 progress4 ,nor c\ld ,/4 ,clem5t give judgm5t on ! doctr9e ( ,b]5g>ius1 nor ,/4 ,dionysius refute ! ,ubiqui/s1 nor ,/4 ,ir5u d5\nce ! ,prote/ant view ( ,ju/ification1 nor ,/4 ,cyprian draw up a !ory ( tol]ation4 ,!re is a "t = e purpose "u ! heav52 a "t to keep sil5ce & a "t to speak4 #aj4 ,sometimes :5 ! want ( evid5ce = a s]ies ( facts or doctr9es is unacc\ntable1 an unexpect$ explanation or addition 9 ! c\rse ( "t is f\nd z reg>ds a portion ( !m1 :i* sugge/s a gr\nd ( pati5ce z reg>ds ! hi/orical obscurity ( ! re/4 ,two in/ances are obvi\s to m5tion1 ( an accid5tal sil5ce ( cle> primitive te/imony z to important doctr9es1 & its removal4 ,9 ! numb] ( ! articles ( ,ca?olic belief :i* ! ,re=mation especially resi/$1 7 ! ,mass & ! sacram5tal virtue ( ,ecclesia/ical ,unity4 ,s9ce ! date ( t movem5t1 ! %ort] ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,ignatius h be5 discov]$1 & ! e>ly ,liturgies v]ifi$2 & ?is ) mo/ m5 has put an end to ! controv]sy ab\t ^? doctr9es4 ,! good =tune :i* has happ5$ to !m1 may happ5 to o!rs2 & ?\gh x does n1 yet t x has happ5$ to !m1 is to ^? o!rs a sort ( comp5sation = ! obscurity 9 :i* _! e>ly hi/ory cont9ues to be involv$4 #aa4 ,i may seem 9 ^! rem>ks to be prep>+ ! way = a broad admission ( ! abs5ce ( any sanction 9 primitive ,*ri/ianity 9 behalf ( its m$ieval =m1 b ,i d n make !m ) ?is int5tion4 ,n f misgiv+s ( ?is k9d1 b f ! claims ( a s\nd logic1 ,i ?9k x "r to insi/1 t1 :atev] e>ly te/imonies ,i may br+ 9 support ( lat] developm5ts ( doctr9e1 are 9 great measure br\ght ex abundante1 a matt] ( grace1 n ( compulsion4 ,! onus prob&i is ) ^? :o assail a tea*+ :i* is1 & has long be51 9 possession4 ,z = positive evid5ce 9 our behalf1 !y mu/ take :at !y c get1 if !y _c get z mu* z !y might wi%1 inasmu* z antec$5t probabilities1 z ,i h said1 g s v f> t[>ds disp5s+ ) x4 ,x is a fir/ /rong po9t t1 9 an idea su* z ,*ri/ianity1 developm5ts _c b be1 & ^? surely div9e1 because x is div9e2 a second t1 if s1 !y are ^? v ones :i* exi/1 because !re are no o!rs2 & a ?ird po9t is ! fact t !y are f\nd j !re1 :]e true developm5ts ought to be f\nd1--namely1 9 ! hi/oric seats ( ,apo/olical tea*+ & 9 ! au?oritative homes ( immemorial tradition4 #ab4 ,&1 if x be said 9 reply t ! difficulty ( admitt+ ^! developm5ts ( doctr9e lies1 n m]ely 9 ! abs5ce ( e>ly te/imony = !m1 b 9 ! actual exi/5ce ( di/9ct te/imony aga9/ !m1--or1 z ,*ill+wor? says1 9 ,popes aga9/ ,popes1 ,c\ncils aga9/ ,c\ncils1--,i answ]1 ( c\rse ?is w be said2 b let ! fact ( ?is objection be c>efully exam9$1 & its value r$uc$ to its true measure1 be=e x is us$ 9 argum5t4 ,i grant t !re are ,bi%ops aga9/ ,bi%ops 9 ,*ur* hi/ory1 ,fa!rs aga9/ ,fa!rs1 ,fa!rs aga9/ !mselves1 = su* diff]5ces 9 individual writ]s are consi/5t )1 or r are involv$ 9 ! v idea ( doctr9al developm5t1 & consequ5tly are no real objection to x2 ! "o ess5tial "q is :e!r ! recogniz$ organ ( tea*+1 ! ,*ur* h]self1 act+ ?r\gh ,pope or ,c\ncil z ! oracle ( heav51 has ev] contradict$ h] own enunciations4 ,if s1 ! hypo!sis :i* ,i am advocat+ is at once %att]$2 b1 till ,i h positive & di/9ct evid5ce ( ! fact1 ,i am sl[ to give cr$5ce to ! exi/5ce ( s great an improbability4 ,,footnotes3 #ajd3a ,anal4 ii4 #g4 #ajg3a ,on ,miracles1 ,essay ii4 #aaa4 #aji3a ,anal4 ii4 #g4 #aji3b ,on ,prophecy1 i4 p4 #bh4 #aaj3a ,aphor4 #e1 vol4 iv4 p4 xi4 ed4 #ahae4 #aac3a ,nov4 ,org4 i4 #b1 #bf1 vol4 iv4 p4 #bi4 #aac3b ,nov4 ,org4 #gj1 p4 #dd4 #aac3c ,hi/4 ( ,rome1 vol4 i4 p4 #cde1 ed4 #ahbh4 #aae3a ,l>dn]'s ,hea?4 ,te/4 p4 #bb4 #aae3b ,paley's ,evid4 p4 i4 prop4 #a1 #g4 #aaf3a ,milman1 ,*ri/4 vol4 ii4 p4 #ceb4 #aah3a ,evid5ces1 iii4 #e4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,in/ances ,,9 ,,illu/ration4 ,x foll[s n[ to inquire h[ mu* evid5ce is actually producible = ^? l>ge portions ( ! pres5t ,cre$ ( ,*ri/5dom1 :i* h n a recogniz$ place 9 ! primordial idea & ! hi/orical outl9e ( ! ,religion1 yet :i* come to u ) c]ta9 antec$5t consid]ations /rong en\gh 9 reason to raise ! effectiv5ess ( t evid5ce to a po9t disproportionate1 z ,i h all[$1 to its intr9sic value4 ,9 urg+ ^! consid]ations "h1 ( c\rse ,i exclude = ! "t ! =ce ( ! ,*ur*'s claim ( infallibility 9 h] acts1 = :i* s mu* c be said1 b ,i d n exclude ! logical cog5cy ( ^? acts1 consid]$ z te/imonies to ! fai? ( ! times be=e !m4 ,my argum5t !n is ?is3--t1 f ! fir/ age ( ,*ri/ianity1 its tea*+ look$ t[>ds ^? ecclesia/ical dogmas1 aft]w>ds recogniz$ & def9$1 ) 7z "t w5t on7 m or less det]m9ate advance 9 ! direction ( !m2 till at l5g? t advance became s pron\nc$1 z to ju/ify _! def9ition & to br+ x ab\t1 & to place !m 9 ! position ( rightful int]pretations & keys ( ! rema9s & ! records 9 hi/ory ( ! tea*+ :i* _h s t]m9at$4 #b4 ,?is l9e ( argum5t is n unlike t :i* is consid]$ to con/itute a suffici5t pro( ( tru?s 9 physical sci5ce4 ,an in/ance ( ?is is furni%$ u 9 a "w on ,me*anics ( ! pa/ g5]ation1 by a writ] ( "n1 & 8 explanation ( x w s]ve z an introduction to our imm$iate subject4 ,aft] treat+ ( ! laws ( motion1 he goes on to obs]ve1 ,^! laws are ! simple/ pr9ciples to :i* motion c be r$uc$1 & ^u !m ! :ole !ory dep5ds4 ,!y are n inde$ self-evid5t1 nor d !y admit ( accurate pro( by exp]im5t1 on acc\nt ( ! great nicety requir$ 9 adju/+ ! in/rum5ts & mak+ ! exp]im5ts2 & on acc\nt ( ! effects ( friction1 & ! air's resi/ance1 :i* _c entirely be remov$4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 con/antly1 & inv>iably1 sugge/$ to our s5ses1 & !y agree ) exp]im5t z f> z exp]im5t c g2 & ! m accurately ! exp]im5ts are made1 & ! great] c>e we take to remove all ^? imp$im5ts :i* t5d to r5d] ! conclusions errone\s1 ! m ne>ly d ! exp]im5ts co9cide ) ^! laws4#abc3a ,& ?us a conv]g+ evid5ce 9 fav\r ( c]ta9 doctr9es may1 "u circum/ances1 be z cle> a pro( ( _! ,apo/olical orig9 z c be rea*$ practically f ! ,quod semp]1 quod ubique1 quod ab omnibus4 ,9 su* a me?od ( pro( !re is1 fir/1 an imp]fect1 secondly1 a gr[+ evid5ce1 ?irdly1 9 consequ5ce a delay$ inf]5ce & judgm5t1 f\r?ly1 reasons producible to acc\nt = ! delay4 ,,section ,i4 ,,in/ances ,,cursorily ,,notic$4 #a4 7#a47 ,canon ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,z reg>ds ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ,ca?olics & ,prote/ants receive ! same books z canonical & inspir$2 yet among ^? books "s are to be f\nd1 :i* c]ta9ly h no "r !re if1 foll[+ ! rule ( ,v9c5tius1 we receive no?+ z ( div9e au?ority b :at has be5 receiv$ always & ev]y:]e4 ,! degrees ( evid5ce are v v>i\s = "o book & ano!r4 ,x is confess$1 says ,less1 t n all ! ,scriptures ( our ,new ,te/am5t h be5 receiv$ ) univ]sal cons5t z g5u9e works ( ! ,evangeli/s & ,apo/les4 ,b t man mu/ h pr$et]m9$ to oppose ! mo/ palpable tru?s1 & mu/ reject all hi/ory1 :o w n confess t ! great] "p ( ! ,new ,te/am5t has be5 univ]sally receiv$ z au!ntic1 & t ! rema9+ books h be5 ackn[l$g$ z su* by ! majority ( ! anci5ts4#abd3a #b4 ,= in/ance1 z to ! ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,james4 ,x is true1 x is conta9$ 9 ! old ,syriac v]sion 9 ! second c5tury2 b ,orig51 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 is ! fir/ writ] :o di/9ctly m5tions x among ! ,greeks2 & x is n quot$ by "n by any ,lat9 till ! f\r?4 ,/4 ,j]ome speaks ( its ga9+ cr$it by degrees1 9 process ( "t4 ,eusebius says no m ?an t x _h be51 up to 8 "t1 ackn[l$g$ by ! majority2 & he classes x ) ! ,%eph]d ( ,/4 ,h]mas & ! ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,b>nabas4#abd3b ,aga93 ,! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 ?\gh receiv$ 9 ! ,ea/1 0 n receiv$ 9 ! ,lat9 ,*ur*es till ,/4 ,j]ome's "t4 ,/4 ,ir5u ei!r does n affirm1 or d5ies t x is ,/4 ,paul's4 ,t]tullian ascribes x to ,/4 ,b>nabas4 ,caius excludes x f 8 li/4 ,/4 ,hippolytus does n receive x4 ,/4 ,cyprian is sil5t ab\t x4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ,/4 ,optatus receiv$ x4#abd3c ,aga91 ,/4 ,j]ome tells u1 t 9 8 day1 t[>ds ,a4,d4 #djj1 ! ,greek ,*ur* reject$ ! ,apocalypse1 b ! ,lat9 receiv$ x4 ,aga93 ,! ,new ,te/am5t consi/s ( tw5ty-sev5 books 9 all1 ?\gh ( v>y+ importance4 ,( ^!1 f\rte5 are n m5tion$ at all till f eighty to "o hundr$ ye>s aft] ,/4 ,john's dea?1 9 :i* numb] are ! ,acts1 ! ,second to ! ,cor9?ians1 ! ,galatians1 ! ,colossians1 ! ,two to ! ,!ssalonians1 & ,/4 ,james4 ,( ! o!r ?irte51 five1 viz4 ,/4 ,john's ,gospel1 ! ,philippians1 ! ,fir/ to ,timo?y1 ! ,hebrews1 & ! ,fir/ ( ,/4 ,john are quot$ b by "o writ] dur+ ! same p]iod4#abe3a #c4 ,on :at gr\nd1 !n1 d we receive ! ,canon z x comes to u1 b on ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur* ( ! f\r? & fif? c5turies8 ,! ,*ur* at t era decid$--n m]ely bore te/imony1 b pass$ a judgm5t on =m] te/imony1--decid$1 t c]ta9 books 7 ( au?ority4 ,& on :at gr\nd did %e s decide8 on ! gr\nd t hi!rto a decision _h be5 impossible1 9 an age ( p]secution1 f want ( opportunities = rese>*1 discussion1 & te/imony1 f ! private or ! local "* ( "s ( ! books1 & f misappreh5sion ( ! doctr9e conta9$ 9 o!rs4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 facilities 7 at l5g? giv5 = decid+ once = all on :at _h be5 9 susp5se & d\bt = ?ree c5turies4 ,on ?is subject ,i w quote ano!r passage f ! same ,tract3 ,we dep5d ^u ! f\r? & fif? c5turies ?us3--,z to ,scripture1 =m] c5turies d n speak di/9ctly1 frequ5tly1 or unanim\sly1 except ( "s *ief books1 z ! ,gospels2 b we see 9 !m1 z we believe1 an ev]-gr[+ t5d5cy & approximation to t full agreem5t :i* we f9d 9 ! fif?4 ,! te/imony giv5 at ! latt] date is ! limit to :i* all t has be5 be=e said conv]ges4 ,= in/ance1 x is commonly said1 ,exceptio probat regulam2 :5 we h reason to ?9k t a writ] or an age w\ld h witness$ s & s1 b = ?is or t1 & t ?is or t 7 m]e accid5ts ( 8 position1 !n he or x may be said to t5d t[>ds su* te/imony4 ,9 ?is way ! fir/ c5turies t5d t[>ds ! fif?4 ,view+ ! matt] z "o ( moral evid5ce1 we seem to see 9 ! te/imony ( ! fif? ! v te/imony :i* e prec$+ c5tury gave1 accid5ts except$1 su* z ! pres5t loss ( docum5ts once extant1 or ! !n exi/+ misconceptions :i* want ( int]c\rse betwe5 ! ,*ur*es occasion$4 ,! fif? c5tury acts z a comm5t on ! obscure text ( ! c5turies be=e x1 & br+s out a mean+1 :i* ) ! help ( ! comm5t any c&id p]son sees really to be !irs4#abf3a #d4 7#b47 ,orig9al ,s94 ,i h already rem>k$ ^u ! hi/orical fact1 t ! recognition ( ,orig9al ,s91 consid]$ z ! consequ5ce ( ,adam's fall1 01 bo? z reg>ds g5]al acceptance & accurate und]/&+1 a gradual process1 n complet$ till ! "t ( ,augu/9e & ,pelagius4 ,/4 ,*ryso/om liv$ close up to t date1 b !re are passages 9 8 works1 (t5 quot$1 :i* we %\ld n expect to f9d word$ z !y /&1 if !y _h be5 writt5 fifty ye>s lat]4 ,x is commonly1 & reasonably1 said 9 explanation1 t ! fatalism1 s preval5t 9 v>i\s %apes pagan & h]etical1 9 ! fir/ c5turies1 0 an ob/acle to an accurate appreh5sion ( ! consequ5ces ( ! fall1 z ! pres5ce ( ! exi/+ idolatry 0 to ! use ( images4 ,if ?is be s1 we h "h an in/ance ( a doctr9e held back = a "t by circum/ances1 yet 9 ! ev5t =c+ its way into its normal %ape1 & at l5g? au?oritatively fix$ 9 x1 t is1 ( a doctr9e held implicitly1 !n ass]t+ itself1 & at l5g? fully develop$4 #e4 7#c47 ,infant ,baptism4 ,"o ( ! passages ( ,/4 ,*ryso/om to :i* ,i might ref] is ?is1 ,we baptize infants1 ?\gh !y are n defil$ ) s91 t !y may receive sanctity1 righte\sness1 adoption1 heir%ip1 bro!rhood ) ,*ri/1 & may become ,8 memb]s4 7,aug4 contr4 ,jul4 i4 #ba47 ,?is at lea/ %[s t he _h a cle> view ( ! importance & duty ( infant baptism1 b su* 0 n ! case ev5 ) sa9ts 9 ! g5]ation imm$iately be=e him4 ,z is well kn[n1 x 0 n unusual 9 t age ( ! ,*ur* = ^?1 :o might be consid]$ cate*um5s1 to delay _! baptism1 z ,prote/ants n[ delay reception ( ! ,holy ,eu*>i/4 ,x is difficult = u at ?is day to ent] into ! assemblage ( motives :i* l$ to ?is po/ponem5t2 to a ke5 s5se & awe ( ! special privileges ( baptism :i* c\ld only once be receiv$1 o!r reasons w\ld be add$1--reluctance to be+ committ$ to a /rict rule ( life1 & to mak+ a public pr(ession ( religion1 & to jo9+ 9 a specially intimate fell[%ip or solid>ity ) /rang]s4 ,b s x 0 9 matt] ( fact1 = reasons good or bad1 t infant baptism1 :i* is a fundam5tal rule ( ,*ri/ian duty ) u1 0 less e>ne/ly insi/$ on 9 e>ly times4 #f4 ,ev5 9 ! f\r? c5tury ,/4 ,gregory ,nazianz51 ,/4 ,basil1 & ,/4 ,augu/9e1 hav+ ,*ri/ian mo!rs1 /ill 7 n baptiz$ till !y 7 adults4 ,/4 ,gregory's "m d$icat$ him to ,god imm$iately on 8 bir?2 & aga9 :5 he _h come to ye>s ( discretion1 ) ! rite ( tak+ ! gospels into 8 h&s by way ( consecration4 ,he 0 religi\sly-m9d$ f 8 y\?1 & _h devot$ himself to a s+le life4 ,yet 8 baptism did n take place till aft] he _h att5d$ ! s*ools ( ,cs>ea1 ,pale/9e1 & ,alex&ria1 & 0 on 8 voyage to ,a!ns4 ,he _h emb>k$ dur+ ! ,novemb] gales1 & = tw5ty days 8 life 0 9 dang]4 ,he pres5t$ himself = baptism z soon z he got to l&4 ,/4 ,basil 0 ! son ( ,*ri/ian confessors on bo? fa!r's & "m's side4 ,8 gr&mo!r ,macr9a1 :o br\ght him up1 _h = sev5 ye>s liv$ ) h] husb& 9 ! woods ( ,pontus dur+ ! ,decian p]secution4 ,8 fa!r 0 said to h wr\ght miracles2 8 "m1 an orphan ( great beauty ( p]son1 0 =c$ f h] unprotect$ /ate to ab&on ! hope ( a s+le life1 & 0 conspicu\s 9 matrimony = h] c>e ( /rang]s & ! poor1 & = h] (f]+s to ! *ur*es4 ,h[ religi\sly %e br\ght up h] *ildr5 is %[n by ! s+ul> bless+1 t f\r out ( t5 h s9ce be5 canoniz$ z ,sa9ts4 ,/4 ,basil 0 "o ( ^!2 yet ! *ild ( su* p>5ts 0 n baptiz$ till he _h come to man's e/ate1--till1 accord+ to ! ,b5$ict9e ,editor1 8 tw5ty-fir/1 & p]haps 8 tw5ty-n9?1 ye>4 ,/4 ,augu/9e's "m1 :o is h]self a ,sa9t1 0 a ,*ri/ian :5 he 0 born1 ?\gh 8 fa!r 0 n4 ,imm$iately on 8 bir?1 he 0 made a cate*um52 9 8 *ildhood he fell ill1 & ask$ = baptism4 ,8 "m 0 al>m$1 & 0 tak+ measures = 8 reception into ! ,*ur*1 :5 he sudd5ly got bett]1 & x 0 def]r$4 ,he did n receive baptism till ! age ( ?irty-?ree1 aft] he _h be5 = n9e ye>s a victim ( ,mani*an error4 ,9 l mann]1 ,/4 ,ambrose1 ?\gh br\ght up by 8 "m & holy nuns1 "o ( !m 8 own si/] ,/4 ,m>cell9a1 0 n baptiz$ till he 0 *os5 bi%op at ! age ( ab\t ?irty-f\r1 nor 8 bro!r ,/4 ,satyrus till ab\t ! same age1 aft] ! s]i\s w>n+ ( a %ipwreck4 ,/4 ,j]ome too1 ?\gh educat$ at ,rome1 & s f> "u religi\s influ5ces1 z1 ) o!r boys1 to be 9 ! obs]vance ( ,sunday1 & ( devotions 9 ! catacombs1 _h no fri5d to br+ him to baptism1 till he _h rea*$ man's e/ate & _h travell$4 #g4 ,n[ h[ are ! mod]n sects1 :i* prote/ aga9/ infant baptism1 to be answ]$ by ,anglicans ) ?is array ( great names 9 _! fav\r8 ,by ! lat] rule ( ! ,*ur* surely2 by ! dicta ( "s lat] ,sa9ts1 z by ,/4 ,*ryso/om2 by "o or two inf]5ces f ,scripture2 by an argum5t f\nd$ on ! absolute necessity ( ,baptism = salvation1--suffici5t reasons c]ta9ly1 b impot5t to rev]se ! fact t nei!r 9 ,dalmatia nor 9 ,cappadocia1 nei!r 9 ,rome1 nor 9 ,africa1 0 x !n imp]ative on ,*ri/ian p>5ts1 z x is n[1 to give baptism to _! "y *ildr54 ,x 0 on retrospect & aft] ! tru?s ( ! ,cre$ _h sunk into ! ,*ri/ian m9d1 t ! au?ority ( su* m5 z ,/4 ,cyprian1 ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 & ,/4 ,augu/9e br\ght r\nd ! orbis t]r>um to ! conclusion1 :i* ! infallible ,*ur* confirm$1 t obs]vance ( ! rite 0 ! rule1 & ! non-obs]vance ! exception4 #h4 7#d47 ,communion 9 "o k9d4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ance pron\nc$ t1 ?\gh 9 ! primitive ,*ur* ! ,sacram5t ( ! ,eu*>i/ 0 receiv$ by ! fai?ful "u ea* k9d1 yet ! cu/om has be5 reasonably introduc$1 = ! avoid+ ( c]ta9 dang]s & sc&als1 t x %\ld be receiv$ by ! consecrators "u ea* k9d1 & by ! laity only "u ! k9d ( ,bread2 s9ce x is mo/ firmly to be believ$1 & 9 no wise d\bt$1 t ! :ole ,body & ,blood ( ,*ri/ is truly conta9$ z well "u ! k9d ( ,bread z "u ! k9d ( ,w9e4 ,n[ ! "q is1 :e!r ! doctr9e "h laid d[n1 & c>ri$ into effect 9 ! usage "h sanction$1 0 ent]ta9$ by ! e>ly ,*ur*1 & may be consid]$ a j developm5t ( its pr9ciples & practices4 ,i answ] t1 />t+ ) ! presumption t ! ,c\ncil has ecclesia/ical au?ority1 :i* is ! po9t "h to be assum$1 we %all f9d q en\gh = its def5ce1 & %all be satisfi$ to decide 9 ! affirmative2 we %all readily come to ! conclusion t ,communion "u ei!r k9d is lawful1 ea* k9d convey+ ! full gift ( ! ,sacram5t4 ,= in/ance1 ,scripture af=ds u two in/ances ( :at may reasonably be consid]$ ! adm9i/ration ( ! =m ( ,bread )\t t ( ,w9e2 viz4 our ,"l's own example t[>ds ! two disciples at ,emmaus1 & ,/4 ,paul's action at sea dur+ ! tempe/4 ,moreov]1 ,/4 ,luke speaks ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ians z cont9u+ 9 ! break+ ( bread1 & 9 pray]1 & ( ! fir/ day ( ! week :5 !y came toge!r to break bread4 ,& aga91 9 ! six? *apt] ( ,/4 ,john1 our ,"l says absolutely1 ,he t eate? ,me1 ev5 he %all live by ,me4 ,&1 ?\gh ,he di/9ctly promises t we %all h x grant$ to u to dr9k ,8 blood1 z well z to eat ,8 fle%2 nev]!less1 n a ^w does ,he say to signify t1 z ,he is ! ,bread f heav5 & ! liv+ ,bread1 s ,he is ! heav5ly1 liv+ ,w9e also4 ,aga91 ,/4 ,paul says t :osoev] %all eat ?is ,bread or dr9k ?is ,cup ( ! ,"l unwor?ily1 %all be guilty ( ! ,body & ,blood ( ! ,"l4 ,_m ( ! types ( ! ,holy ,eu*>i/1 z f> z !y g1 t5d to ! same conclusion2 z ! ,manna1 to :i* our ,"l ref]r$1 ! ,pas*al ,lamb1 ! ,%ewbread1 ! sacrifices f :i* ! blood 0 p\r$ out1 & ! miracle ( ! loaves1 :i* are figures ( ! bread alone2 :ile ! wat] f ! rock1 & ! ,blood f our ,"l's side correspond to ! w9e )\t ! bread4 ,o!rs are repres5tations ( bo? k9ds2 z ,mel*iz$ek's fea/1 & ,elijah's miracle ( ! meal & oil4 #i4 ,&1 fur!r1 x c]ta9ly 0 ! cu/om 9 ! e>ly ,*ur*1 "u circum/ances1 to communicate 9 "o k9d1 z we le>n f ,/4 ,cyprian1 ,/4 ,dionysius1 ,/4 ,basil1 ,/4 ,j]ome1 & o!rs4 ,= in/ance1 ,/4 ,cyprian speaks ( ! communion ( an infant "u ,w9e1 & ( a woman "u ,bread2 & ,/4 ,ambrose speaks ( 8 bro!r 9 %ipwreck fold+ ! consecrat$ ,bread 9 a h&k]*ief1 & plac+ x r\nd 8 neck2 & ! monks & h]mits 9 ! des]t c h>dly be suppos$ to h be5 ord9>ily 9 possession ( consecrat$ ,w9e z well z ,bread4 ,f ! foll[+ ,lett] ( ,/4 ,basil1 x appe>s t1 n only ! monks1 b ! :ole laity ( ,egypt ord9>ily communicat$ 9 ,bread only4 ,he seems to h be5 ask$ by 8 correspond5t1 :e!r 9 "t ( p]secution x 0 lawful1 9 ! abs5ce ( prie/ or deacon1 to take ! communion 9 "o's own h&1 t is1 ( c\rse1 ! ,bread2 he answ]s t x may be ju/ifi$ by ! foll[+ p>allel cases1 9 m5tion+ :i* he is altoge!r sil5t ab\t ! ,cup4 ,x is pla9ly no fault1 he says1 = long cu/om supplies in/ances en\gh to sanction x4 ,= all ! monks 9 ! des]t1 :]e !re is no prie/1 keep ! communion at home1 & p>take x f !mselves4 ,9 ,alex&ria too1 & 9 ,egypt1 ea* ( ! laity1 = ! mo/ "p1 has ! ,communion 9 8 h\se1 &1 :5 he w1 he p>takes x by means ( himself4 ,= :5 once ! prie/ has celebrat$ ! ,sacrifice & giv5 x1 he :o takes x z a :ole toge!r1 & !n p>takes ( x daily1 reasonably ought to ?9k t he p>takes & receives f him :o has giv5 x4#acb3a ,x %\ld be add$1 t 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,lett] he may be int]pret$ to speak ( communion 9 bo? k9ds1 & to say t x is good & pr(itable4 ,"h we h ! usage ( ,pontus1 ,egypt1 ,africa1 & ,milan4 ,spa9 may be add$1 if a late au?or is "r 9 8 view ( ! mean+ ( a ,spani% ,canon2#acb3b & ,syria1 z well z ,egypt1 at lea/ at a lat] date1 s9ce ,nicephorus#acb3c tells u t ! ,acephali1 hav+ no ,bi%ops1 kept ! ,bread :i* _! la/ prie/s _h consecrat$1 & disp5s$ crumbs ( x e ye> at ,ea/] = ! purposes ( ,communion4 #aj4 ,b x may be said1 t aft] all x is s v haz>d\s & fe>ful a measure actually to )draw f ,*ri/ians "o-half ( ! ,sacram5t1 t1 9 spite ( ^! prec$5ts1 "s direct w>rant is ne$$ to reconcile ! m9d to x4 ,!re might h be5 circum/ances :i* l$ ,/4 ,cyprian1 or ,/4 ,basil1 or ! ,apo/olical ,*ri/ians be=e !m to curtail x1 ab\t :i* we "k no?+4 ,x is n !re=e safe 9 u1 because x 0 safe 9 !m4 ,c]ta9ly a w>rant is necess>y2 & j su* a w>rant is ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*4 ,if we c tru/ h] implicitly1 !re is no?+ 9 ! /ate ( ! evid5ce to =m an objection to h] decision 9 ?is in/ance1 & 9 proportion z we f9d we c tru/ h] does our difficulty less54 ,moreov]1 *ildr51 n to say infants1 7 at "o "t admitt$ to ! ,eu*>i/1 at lea/ to ! ,cup2 on :at au?ority are !y n[ exclud$ f ,cup & ,bread also8 ,/4 ,augu/9e consid]$ ! usage to be ( ,apo/olical orig92 & x cont9u$ 9 ! ,we/ d[n to ! twelf? c5tury2 x cont9ues 9 ! ,ea/ among ,greeks1 ,russo-,greeks1 & ! v>i\s ,monophysite ,*ur*es to ?is day1 & t on ! gr\nd ( its almo/ univ]sality 9 ! primitive ,*ur*4#acc3a ,is x a great] innovation to susp5d ! ,cup1 ?an to cut (f *ildr5 f ,communion altoge!r8 ,yet we acquiesce 9 ! latt] deprivation )\t a scruple4 ,x is saf] to acquiesce )1 ?an )\t1 an au?ority2 saf] ) ! belief t ! ,*ur* is ! pill> & gr\nd ( ! tru?1 ?an ) ! belief t 9 s great a matt] %e is likely to err4 #aa4 7#e47 ,! ,homosion4 ,! next in/ance ,i %all take is f ! e>ly tea*+ on ! subject ( our ,"l's ,consub/antiality & ,co-et]nity4 ,9 ! controv]sy c>ri$ on by v>i\s le>n$ m5 9 ! sev5te5? & foll[+ c5tury1 conc]n+ ! /atem5ts ( ! e>ly ,fa!rs on ?is subject1 ! "o p>ty det]m9$ ! patri/ic !ology by ! lit]al =ce ( ! sep>ate expressions or phrases us$ 9 x1 or by ! philosophical op9ions ( ! day2 ! o!r1 by ! doctr9e ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 z aft]w>ds au?oritatively decl>$4 ,! "o p>ty argu$ t ^? ,fa!rs ne$ n h meant m ?an :at 0 aft]w>ds consid]$ h]esy2 ! o!r answ]$ t !re is no?+ to prev5t _! mean+ m4 ,?us ! position :i* ,bull ma9ta9s seems to be no?+ beyond ?is1 t ! ,nic5e ,cre$ is a natural key = int]pret+ ! body ( ,ante-nic5e !ology4 ,8 v aim is to expla9 difficulties2 n[ ! notion ( difficulties & _! explanation implies a rule to :i* !y are app>5t exceptions1 & 9 accordance ) :i* !y are to be expla9$4 ,nay1 ! title ( 8 "w1 :i* is a ,def5ce ( ! ,cre$ ( ,nica1 %[s t he is n inve/igat+ :at is true & :at false1 b expla9+ & ju/ify+ a =egone conclusion1 z sanction$ by ! te/imony ( ! great ,c\ncil4 ,unless ! /atem5ts ( ! ,fa!rs _h sugge/$ difficulties1 8 "w w\ld h _h no object4 ,he all[s t _! language is n su* z !y w\ld h us$ aft] ! ,cre$ _h be5 impos$2 b he says 9 effect t1 if we w b take x 9 our h&s & apply x equitably to _! writ+s1 we %all br+ out & h>monize _! tea*+1 cle> _! ambiguities1 & discov] _! anomal\s /atem5ts to be few & insignificant4 ,9 o!r words1 he beg9s ) a presumption1 & %[s h[ naturally facts close r\nd x & fall 9 ) x1 if we w b let !m4 ,he does ?is triumphantly1 yet he has an ardu\s "w2 out ( ab\t ?irty writ]s :om he reviews1 he has1 = "o cause or o!r1 to expla9 pi\sly ne>ly tw5ty4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,,our ,,"l',s ,,inc>nation ,,& ,,! ,,dignity ,,( ,,8 ,,bless$ ,,"m ,,& ,,( ,,all ,,sa9ts4 ,bi%op ,bull's controv]sy _h reg>d to ,ante-nic5e writ]s only1 & to little m ?an to ! doctr9e ( ! ,div9e ,son's consub/antiality & co-et]nity2 &1 z be+ controv]sy1 x necess>ily n>r[s & dries up a l>ge & f]tile subject4 ,let u see :e!r1 treat$ hi/orically1 x w n pres5t itself to u 9 v>i\s aspects :i* may rightly be call$ developm5ts1 z com+ into view1 "o out ( ano!r1 & foll[+ "o aft] ano!r by a natural ord] ( succession4 #b4 ,fir/ !n1 t ! language ( ! ,ante-nic5e ,fa!rs1 on ! subject ( our ,"l's ,div9ity1 may be f> m easily accommodat$ to ! ,arian hypo!sis ?an c ! language ( ! ,po/-nic5e1 is agre$ on all h&s4 ,?us ,/4 ,ju/9 speaks ( ! ,son z subs]vi5t to ! ,fa!r 9 ! creation ( ! _w1 z se5 by ,abraham1 z speak+ to ,moses f ! bu%1 z appe>+ to ,jo%ua be=e ! fall ( ,j]i*o1#ace3a z ,m9i/] & ,angel1 & z num]ically di/9ct f ! ,fa!r4 ,clem5t1 aga91 speaks ( ! ,^w#ace3b z ! ,in/rum5t ( ,god1 close to ! ,sole ,almighty2 m9i/]+ to ! ,omnipot5t ,fa!r's w2#ace3c an en]gy1 s to say1 or op]ation ( ! ,fa!r1 & con/itut$ by ,8 w z ! cause ( all good4#ace3d ,aga91 ! ,c\ncil ( ,antio*1 :i* condemn$ ,paul ( ,samosata1 says t ,he appe>s to ! ,patri>*s & conv]ses ) !m1 be+ te/ifi$ sometimes to be an ,angel1 at o!r times ,"l1 at o!rs ,god2 t1 :ile x is impi\s to ?9k t ! ,god ( all is call$ an ,angel1 ! ,son is ! ,angel ( ! ,fa!r4#acf3a ,=mal pro(1 h[ev]1 is unnecess>y2 _h n ! fact be5 z ,i h /at$ x1 nei!r ,s&ius w\ld h pr(ess$ to diff] f ! ,po/-nic5e ,fa!rs1 nor w\ld ,bull h _h to def5d ! ,ante-nic5e4 #c4 ,"o pr9cipal *ange :i* took place1 z "t w5t on1 0 ! foll[+3 ! ,ante-nic5e ,fa!rs1 z 9 "s ( ! =ego+ extracts1 speak ( ! ,angelic visions 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t z if !y 7 appe>ances ( ! ,son2 b ,/4 ,augu/9e introduc$ ! explicit doctr9e1 :i* has be5 receiv$ s9ce 8 date1 t !y 7 simply ,angels1 ?r\gh :om ! ,omnipres5t ,son manife/$ ,himself4 ,?is inde$ is ! only int]pretation :i* ! ,ante-nic5e /atem5ts admitt$1 z soon z reason began to exam9e :at !y did mean4 ,!y c\ld n mean t ! ,et]nal ,god c\ld really be se5 by bodily eyes2 if any?+ 0 se51 t mu/ h be5 "s creat$ glory or o!r symbol1 by :i* x pleas$ ! ,almighty to signify ,8 ,pres5ce4 ,:at 0 he>d 0 a s\nd1 z ext]nal to ,8 ,ess5ce1 & z di/9ct f ,8 ,nature1 z ! ?und] or ! voice ( ! trumpet1 :i* peal$ along ,m\nt ,s9ai2 :at x 0 _h n come "u discussion till ,/4 ,augu/9e2 bo? "q & answ] 7 alike undevelop$4 ,! e>li] ,fa!rs spoke z if !re 7 no m$ium int]pos$ betwe5 ! ,creator & ! creature1 & s !y seem$ to make ! ,et]nal ,son ! m$ium2 :at x really 01 !y _h n det]m9$4 ,/4 ,augu/9e rul$1 & 8 rul+ has be5 accept$ 9 lat] times1 t x 0 n a m]e atmosph]ic ph5om5on1 or an impression on ! s5ses1 b ! mat]ial =m prop] to an ,angelic pres5ce1 or ! pres5ce ( an ,angel 9 t mat]ial g>b 9 :i* bless$ ,spirits d ord9>ily appe> to m54 ,h5ce=? ! ,angel 9 ! bu%1 ! voice :i* spoke ) ,abraham1 & ! man :o wre/l$ ) ,jacob1 7 n reg>d$ z ! ,son ( ,god1 b z ,angelic m9i/]s1 :om ,he employ$1 & ?r\gh :om ,he signifi$ ,8 pres5ce & ,8 w4 ,?us ! t5d5cy ( ! controv]sy ) ! ,arians 0 to raise our view ( our ,"l's ,m$iatorial acts1 to impress !m on u 9 _! div9e r ?an _! human aspect1 & to associate !m m intimately ) ! ineffable glories :i* surr\nd ! ,?rone ( ,god4 ,! ,m$iator%ip 0 no long] reg>d$ 9 itself1 9 t prom95tly subord9ate place :i* x _h once occupi$ 9 ! ?\ghts ( ,*ri/ians1 b z an (fice assum$ by ,"o1 :o ?\gh hav+ become man 9 ord] to be> x1 0 /ill ,god4#acg3a ,works & attributes1 :i* _h hi!rto be5 assign$ to ! ,economy or to ! ,son%ip1 7 n[ simply assign$ to ! ,manhood4 ,a t5d5cy 0 also elicit$1 z ! controv]sy proce$$1 to contemplate our ,"l m di/9ctly 9 ,8 absolute p]fections1 ?an 9 ,8 relation to ! ,fir/ ,p]son ( ! ,bless$ ,tr9ity4 ,?us1 :]eas ! ,nic5e ,cre$ speaks ( ! ,fa!r ,almighty1 & ,8 ,only-begott5 ,son1 our ,"l1 ,god f ,god1 ,light f ,light1 ,v ,god f ,v ,god1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! ,"l & ,giv] ( ,life1 we are told 9 ! ,a?anasian ( ! ,fa!r ,et]nal1 ! ,son ,et]nal1 & ! ,holy ,gho/ ,et]nal1 & t none is a=e or aft] o!r1 none is great] or less ?an ano!r4 #d4 ,! ,apoll9>ian & ,monophysite controv]sy1 :i* foll[$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! next c5tury1 t5d$ t[>ds a developm5t 9 ! same direction4 ,s9ce ! h]esies1 :i* 7 9 "q1 ma9ta9$1 at lea/ virtually1 t our ,"l 0 n man1 x 0 obvi\s to insi/ on ! passages ( ,scripture :i* describe ,8 creat$ & subs]vi5t nature1 & ?is _h ! imm$iate effect ( int]pret+ ( ,8 manhood texts :i* _h hi!rto be5 und]/ood m commonly ( ,8 ,div9e ,son%ip4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 ,my ,fa!r is great] ?an ,i1 :i* _h be5 und]/ood ev5 by ,/4 ,a?anasius ( our ,"l z ,god1 is appli$ by lat] writ]s m commonly to ,8 humanity2 & 9 ?is way ! doctr9e ( ,8 subord9ation to ! ,et]nal ,fa!r1 :i* =m$ s prom95t a feature 9 ,ante-nic5e !ology1 comp>atively fell into ! %ade4 #e4 ,& co9cid5t ) ^! *anges1 a mo/ rem>kable result is discov]$4 ,! ,ca?olic polemic1 9 view ( ! ,arian & ,monophysite errors1 be+ ( ?is "*1 became ! natural introduction to ! cultus ,sanctorum2 = 9 proportion z texts descriptive ( creat$ m$iation ceas$ to belong to our ,"l1 s 0 a room op5$ = creat$ m$iators4 ,nay1 z reg>ds ! in/ance ( ,angelic appe>ances itself1 z ,/4 ,augu/9e expla9$ !m1 if ^? appe>ances 7 creatures1 c]ta9ly creatures 7 wor%ipp$ by ! ,patri>*s1 n inde$ 9 !mselves1#ach3a b z ! tok5 ( a ,pres5ce great] ?an !mselves4 ,:5 ,moses hid 8 face1 = he 0 afraid to look ^u ,god1 he hid 8 face be=e a creature2 :5 ,jacob said1 ,i h se5 ,god face to face & my life is pres]v$1 ! ,son ( ,god 0 !re1 b :at he saw1 :at he wre/l$ )1 0 an ,angel4 ,:5 ,jo%ua fell on 8 face to ! e>? & did wor%ip be=e ! capta9 ( ! ,"l's ho/1 & said unto him1 ,:at sai? my ,"l unto 8 s]vant8 :at 0 se5 & he>d 0 a glorifi$ creature1 if ,/4 ,augu/9e is to be foll[$2 & ! ,son ( ,god 0 9 him4 ,& !re 7 pla9 prec$5ts 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t = ! lawfulness ( su* adoration4 ,:5 ! p saw ! cl\dy pill> /& at ! tab]nacle-door1 all ! p rose up & wor%ipp$1 e man 9 8 t5t-door4#aci3a ,:5 ,daniel too saw a c]ta9 man clo!d 9 l95 !re rema9$ no /r5g? 9 him1 = 8 comel9ess 0 turn$ 9 him into corruption4 ,he fell d[n on 8 face1 & next rema9$ on 8 knees & h&s1 & at l5g? /ood trembl+1 & said ,o my ,"l1 by ! vision my sorr[s are turn$ ^u me1 & ,i h reta9$ no /r5g?4 ,= h[ c ! s]vant ( ?is my ,"l talk ) ?is my ,"l8#aci3b ,x might be object$ p]haps to ?is argum5t1 t a wor%ip :i* 0 all[able 9 an elem5t>y sy/em might be unlawful :5 grace & tru? _h come ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/2 b !n x might be retort$ surely1 t t elem5t>y sy/em _h be5 emphatically oppos$ to all idolatry1 & _h be5 m9utely jeal\s ( ev]y?+ :i* might approa* to fav\r+ x4 ,nay1 ! v prom95ce giv5 9 ! ,p5tateu* to ! doctr9e ( a ,creator1 & ! comp>ative sil5ce conc]n+ ! ,angelic creation1 & ! prom95ce giv5 to ! ,angelic creation 9 ! lat] ,prophets1 tak5 toge!r1 7 a tok5 bo? ( t jeal\sy1 & ( its cessation1 z "t w5t on4 ,nor c any?+ be conclud$ f ,/4 ,paul's c5sure ( ,angel wor%ip1 s9ce ! s9 :i* he is d5\nc+ 0 t ( n hold+ ! ,head1 & ( wor%ipp+ creatures in/ead ( ! ,creator z ! s\rce ( good4 ,! same explanation avails = passages l ^? 9 ,/4 ,a?anasius & ,!odoret1 9 :i* ! wor%ip ( ,angels is disc\nt5anc$4 #f4 ,! ,arian controv]sy _h l$ to ano!r developm5t1 :i* confirm$ by anticipation ! cultus to :i* ,/4 ,augu/9e's doctr9e po9t$4 ,9 answ] to ! objection urg$ aga9/ our ,"l's supreme ,div9ity f texts :i* speak ( ,8 exaltation1 ,/4 ,a?anasius is l$ to insi/ =cibly on ! b5efits :i* h accru$ to man ?r\gh x4 ,he says t1 9 tru?1 n ,*ri/1 b t human nature :i* ,he _h assum$1 0 rais$ & glorifi$ 9 ,him4 ,! m plausible 0 ! h]etical argum5t aga9/ ,8 ,div9ity f ^? texts1 ! m emphatic is ,/4 ,a?anasius's exaltation ( our reg5]ate nature by way ( expla9+ !m4 ,b intimate inde$ mu/ be ! connexion betwe5 ,*ri/ & ,8 bre?r51 & high _! glory1 if ! language :i* seem$ to belong to ! ,inc>nate ,^w really belong$ to !m4 ,?us ! pressure ( ! controv]sy elicit$ & develop$ a tru?1 :i* till !n 0 held inde$ by ,*ri/ians1 b less p]fectly realiz$ & n publicly recogniz$4 ,! sanctification1 or r ! deification ( ! nature ( man1 is "o ma9 subject ( ,/4 ,a?anasius's !ology4 ,*ri/1 9 ris+1 raises ,8 ,sa9ts ) ,him to ! "r h& ( p[]4 ,!y become in/9ct ) ,8 life1 ( "o body ) ,8 fle%1 div9e sons1 immortal k+s1 gods4 ,he is 9 !m1 because ,he is 9 human nature2 & ,he communicates to !m t nature1 deifi$ by becom+ ,81 t !m ,x may deify4 ,he is 9 !m by ! ,pres5ce ( ,8 ,_s1 & 9 !m ,he is se54 ,!y h ^? titles ( hon\r by p>ticipation1 :i* are prop]ly ,84 ,)\t misgiv+ we may apply to !m ! mo/ sacr$ language ( ,psalmi/s & ,prophets4 ,?\ art a ,prie/ = ev] may be said ( ,/4 ,polyc>p or ,/4 ,m>t9 z well z ( _! ,"l4 ,he ha? disp]s$ abroad1 he ha? giv5 to ! poor1 0 fulfill$ 9 ,/4 ,laur5ce4 ,i h f\nd ,david ,my s]vant1 fir/ said typically ( ! ,k+ ( ,israel1 & belong+ really to ,*ri/1 is transf]r$ back aga9 by grace to ,8 ,viceg]5ts ^u e>?4 ,i h giv5 !e ! nations = ?9e inh]itance is ! pr]ogative ( ,popes2 ,?\ ha/ giv5 him 8 he>t's desire1 ! record ( a m>tyr2 ?\ ha/ lov$ righte\sness & hat$ iniquity1 ! praise ( ,virg9s4 #g4 ,z ,*ri/1 says ,/4 ,a?anasius1 di$1 & 0 exalt$ z man1 s1 z man1 is ,he said to take :at1 z ,god1 ,he ev] _h1 9 ord] t ev5 ?is s high a grant ( grace might rea* to u4 ,= ! ,^w did n suff] loss 9 receiv+ a body1 t ,he %\ld seek to receive a grace1 b r ,he deifi$ t :i* ,he put on1 nay1 gave x graci\sly to ! race ( man4 4 4 4 ,= x is ! ,fa!r's glory1 t man1 made & !n lo/1 %\ld be f\nd aga92 &1 :5 done to dea?1 t he %\ld be made alive1 & %\ld become ,god's temple4 ,= :]eas ! p[]s 9 heav51 bo? ,angels & ,ar*angels1 7 ev] wor%ipp+ ! ,"l1 z !y are n[ too wor%ipp+ ,him 9 ! ,"n ( ,jesus1 ?is is our grace & high exaltation1 t1 ev5 :5 ,he became man1 ! ,son ( ,god is wor%ipp$1 & ! heav5ly p[]s are n />tl$ at see+ all ( u1 :o are ( "o body ) ,him1 introduc$ into _! realms4#ada3a ,9 ?is passage x is almo/ said t ! glorifi$ ,sa9ts w p>take 9 ! homage paid by ,angels to ,*ri/1 ! ,true ,object ( all wor%ip2 & at lea/ a reason is sugge/$ to u by x = ! ,angel's %r9k+ 9 ! ,apocalypse f ! homage ( ,/4 ,john1 ! ,!ologian & ,prophet ( ! ,*ur*4#ada3b ,b ,/4 ,a?anasius proce$s /ill m explicitly1 ,9 t ! ,"l1 ev5 :5 come 9 human body & call$ ,jesus1 0 wor%ipp$ & believ$ to be ,god's ,son1 & t ?r\gh ,him ! ,fa!r is kn[n1 x is pla91 z has be5 said1 t1 n ! ,^w1 consid]$ z ! ,^w1 receiv$ ?is s great grace1 b we4 ,=1 because ( our relation%ip to ,8 ,body1 we too h become ,god's temple1 & 9 consequ5ce h be5 made ,god's sons1 s t ev5 9 u ! ,"l is n[ wor%ipp$1 & behold]s report1 z ! ,apo/le says1 t ',god is 9 !m ( a tru?4'#adb3a ,x appe>s to be di/9ctly /at$ 9 ?is passage1 t ^? :o are =mally recogniz$ z ,god's adopt$ sons 9 ,*ri/1 are fit objects ( wor%ip on acc\nt ( ,him :o is 9 !m2 a doctr9e :i* bo? int]prets & acc\nts = ! invocation ( ,sa9ts1 ! cultus ( relics1 & ! religi\s v5]ation 9 :i* ev5 ! liv+ h sometimes be5 held1 :o1 be+ sa9tly1 7 di/+ui%$ by miracul\s gifts4#adb3b ,wor%ip !n is ! necess>y correlative ( glory2 & 9 ! same s5se 9 :i* creat$ natures c %>e 9 ! ,creator's incommunicable glory1 are !y also all[$ a %>e ( t wor%ip :i* is ,8 prop]ty alone4 #h4 ,!re 0 "o o!r subject on :i* ! ,arian controv]sy _h a m intimate1 ?\gh n an imm$iate influ5ce4 ,its t5d5cy to give a new int]pretation to ! texts :i* speak ( our ,"l's subord9ation1 has already be5 notic$2 su* z admitt$ ( x 7 h5ce=? expla9$ m prom95tly ( ,8 manhood ?an ( ,8 ,m$iator%ip or ,8 ,son%ip4 ,b !re 7 o!r texts :i* did n admit ( ?is int]pretation1 & :i*1 )\t ceas+ to belong to ,him1 might seem m directly applicable to a creature ?an to ! ,creator4 ,he inde$ 0 really ! ,wisdom 9 :om ! ,fa!r et]nally delight$1 yet x w\ld be b natural1 if1 "u ! circum/ances ( ,arian misbelief1 !ologians look$ out = o!r ?an ! ,et]nal ,son to be ! imm$iate object ( su* descriptions4 ,& ?us ! controv]sy op5$ a "q :i* x did n settle4 ,x discov]$ a new sph]e1 if we may s speak1 9 ! realms ( light1 to :i* ! ,*ur* _h n yet assign$ its inhabitant4 ,arianism _h admitt$ t our ,"l 0 bo? ! ,god ( ! ,evangelical ,cov5ant1 & ! actual ,creator ( ! ,univ]se2 b ev5 ?is 0 n en\gh1 because x did n confess ,him to be ! ,"o1 ,ev]la/+1 ,inf9ite1 ,supreme ,be+1 b z "o :o 0 made by ! ,supreme4 ,x 0 n en\gh 9 accordance ) t h]esy to proclaim ,him z hav+ an ineffable orig9 be=e all worlds2 n en\gh to place him high above all creatures z ! type ( all ! works ( ,god's ,h&s2 n en\gh to make ,him ! ,k+ ( all ,sa9ts1 ! ,int]cessor = man ) ,god1 ! ,object ( wor%ip1 ! ,image ( ! ,fa!r2 n en\gh1 because x 0 n all1 & betwe5 all & any?+ %ort ( all1 !re 0 an inf9ite int]val4 ,! highe/ ( creatures is levell$ ) ! l[e/ 9 comp>ison ( ! ,"o ,creator ,himself4 ,t is1 ! ,nic5e ,c\ncil recogniz$ ! ev5tful pr9ciple1 t1 :ile we believe & pr(ess any be+ to be made ( a creat$ nature1 su* a be+ is really no ,god to u1 ?\gh hon\r$ by u ) :atev] high titles & ) :atev] homage4 ,arius or ,a/]ius did all b confess t ,*ri/ 0 ! ,almighty2 !y said mu* m ?an ,/4 ,b]n>d or ,/4 ,alphonso h s9ce said ( ! ,bless$ ,m>y2 yet !y left ,him a creature & 7 f\nd want+4 ,?us !re 0 a wond] 9 heav53 a ?rone 0 se51 f> above all o!r creat$ p[]s1 m$iatorial1 int]cessory2 a title ar*etypal2 a cr[n bright z ! morn+ />2 a glory issu+ f ! ,et]nal ,?rone2 robes pure z ! heav5s2 & a sceptre ov] all2 & :o 0 ! pr$e/9$ heir ( t ,maje/y8 ,s9ce x 0 n high en\gh = ! ,highe/1 :o 0 t ,wisdom1 & :at 0 h] "n1 ! ,"m ( fair love1 & fe>1 & holy hope1 exalt$ l a palm-tree 9 ,engaddi1 & a rose-plant 9 ,j]i*o1 creat$ f ! beg9n+ be=e ! _w 9 ,god's ev]la/+ c\nsels1 & 9 ,j]usalem h] p[]8 ,! vision is f\nd 9 ! ,apocalypse1 a ,woman clo!d ) ! sun1 & ! moon "u h] feet1 & ^u h] head a cr[n ( twelve />s4 ,! vot>ies ( ,m>y d n exce$ ! true fai?1 unless ! blasphem]s ( h] ,son came up to x4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,rome is n idolatr\s1 unless ,arianism is or?odoxy4 #i4 ,i am n /at+ conclusions :i* 7 drawn out 9 ! controv]sy1 b ( premisses :i* 7 laid1 broad & deep4 ,x 0 !n %[n1 x 0 !n det]m9$1 t to exalt a creature 0 no recognition ( its div9ity4 ,nor am ,i speak+ ( ! ,semi-,arians1 :o1 hold+ our ,"l's d]ivation f ! ,sub/ance ( ! ,fa!r1 yet d5y+ ,8 ,consub/antiality1 really did lie op5 to ! *>ge ( ma9ta9+ two ,gods1 & pres5t no p>allel to ! def5d]s ( ! pr]ogatives ( ,/4 ,m>y4 ,b ,i speak ( ! ,arians :o taught t ! ,son's ,sub/ance 0 creat$2 & conc]n+ !m x is true t ,/4 ,a?anasius's condemnation ( _! !ology is a v9dication ( ! ,m$ieval4 ,yet x is n wond]ful1 consid]+ h[ ,soc9ians1 ,sabellians1 ,ne/orians1 & ! l1 ab\nd 9 ^! days1 )\t _! ev5 kn[+ x !mselves1 if ^? :o nev] rise high] 9 _! notions ( our ,"l's ,div9ity1 ?an to consid] ,him a man s+ul>ly inhabit$ by a ,div9e ,pres5ce1 t is1 a ,ca?olic ,sa9t1--if su* m5 %\ld mi/ake ! hon\r paid by ! ,*ur* to ! human ,"m = t v hon\r :i*1 & :i* alone1 is wor?y ( h] ,et]nal ,son4 #aj4 ,i h said t !re 0 9 ! fir/ ages no public & ecclesia/ical recognition ( ! place :i* ,/4 ,m>y holds 9 ! ,economy ( grace2 ?is 0 res]v$ = ! fif? c5tury1 z ! def9ition ( our ,"l's prop] ,div9ity _h be5 ! "w ( ! f\r?4 ,!re 0 a controv]sy contempor>y ) ^? already m5tion$1 ,i mean ! ,ne/orian1 :i* br\ght out ! complem5t ( ! developm5t1 to :i* !y _h be5 subs]vi5t2 & :i*1 if ,i may s speak1 suppli$ ! subject ( t augu/ proposition ( :i* ,arianism _h provid$ ! pr$icate4 ,9 ord] to d hon\r to ,*ri/1 9 ord] to def5d ! true doctr9e ( ! ,inc>nation1 9 ord] to secure a "r fai? 9 ! manhood ( ! ,et]nal ,son1 ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus det]m9$ ! ,bless$ ,virg9 to be ! ,"m ( ,god4 ,?us all h]esies ( t day1 ?\gh opposite to ea* o!r1 t5d$ 9 a mo/ wond]ful way to h] exaltation2 & ! ,s*ool ( ,antio*1 ! f\nta9 ( primitive rationalism1 l$ ! ,*ur* to det]m9e fir/ ! conceivable greatness ( a creature1 & !n ! incommunicable dignity ( ! ,bless$ ,virg94 #aa4 ,b ! spontane\s or traditional feel+ ( ,*ri/ians _h 9 great measure anticipat$ ! =mal ecclesia/ical decision4 ,?us ! title ,!otocos1 or ,"m ( ,god1 0 famili> to ,*ri/ians f primitive times1 & _h be5 us$1 among o!r writ]s1 by ,orig51 ,eusebius1 ,/4 ,alex&]1 ,/4 ,a?anasius1 ,/4 ,ambrose1 ,/4 ,gregory ,nazianz51 ,/4 ,gregory ,nyss51 & ,/4 ,nilus4 ,%e _h be5 call$ ,ev]-,virg9 by o!rs1 z by ,/4 ,epiphanius1 ,/4 ,j]ome1 & ,didymus4 ,by o!rs1 ! ,"m ( all liv+1 z be+ ! antitype ( ,eve2 =1 z ,/4 ,epiphanius obs]ves1 9 tru?1 n 9 %ad[1 f ,m>y 0 ,life itself br\ght into ! _w1 t ,m>y might be> ?+s liv+1 & might become ,"m ( liv+ ?+s4#adf3a ,/4 ,augu/9e says t all h s9n$ except ! ,holy ,virg9 ,m>y1 conc]n+ :om1 = ! hon\r ( ! ,"l1 ,i wi% no "q to be rais$ at all1 :5 we are treat+ ( s9s4 ,%e 0 alone & wr\ght ! _w's salvation1 says ,/4 ,ambrose1 allud+ to h] conception ( ! ,r$eem]4 ,%e is signifi$ by ! ,pill> ( ! cl\d :i* guid$ ! ,israelites1 accord+ to ! same ,fa!r2 & %e _h s great grace1 z n only to h virg9ity h]self1 b to imp>t x to ^? to :om %e came2--! ,rod out ( ! /em ( ,jesse1 says ,/4 ,j]ome1 & ! ,ea/]n gate ?r\gh :i* ! ,high ,prie/ alone goes 9 & out1 yet is ev] %ut2--! wise woman1 says ,/4 ,nilus1 :o ha? clad all believ]s1 f ! fleece ( ! ,lamb born ( h]1 ) ! clo?+ ( incorruption1 & deliv]$ !m f _! spiritual nak$ness2--! ,"m ( ,life1 ( beauty1 ( maje/y1 ! ,morn+ ,/>1 accord+ to ,antio*us2--! my/ical new heav5s1 ! heav5s c>ry+ ! ,div9ity1 ! fruitful v9e by :om we are translat$ f dea? unto life1 accord+ to ,/4 ,ephraim2--! manna :i* is delicate1 bright1 sweet1 & virg91 :i*1 z ?\gh com+ f heav51 has p\r$ d[n on all ! p ( ! ,*ur*es a food pleasant] ?an honey1 accord+ to ,/4 ,maximus4 ,/4 ,proclus calls h] ! unsulli$ %ell :i* conta9s ! pe>l ( price1 ! sacr$ %r9e ( s9lessness1 ! gold5 alt> ( holocau/1 ! holy oil ( ano9t+1 ! co/ly alaba/] box ( spik5>d1 ! ark gilt )9 & )\t1 ! heif] ^: a%es1 t is1 ! ,"l's ,body tak5 f h]1 cleanses ^? :o are defil$ by ! pollution ( s91 ! fair bride ( ! ,canticles1 ! /ay 7/rigma7 ( believ]s1 ! ,*ur*'s diadem1 ! expression ( or?odoxy4 ,^! are oratorical expressions2 b we use oratory on great subjects1 n on small4 ,else:]e he calls h] ,god's only bridge to man2 & else:]e he breaks =?1 ,run ?r\gh all creation 9 y\r ?\ghts1 & see if !re be equal to1 or great] ?an1 ! ,holy ,virg9 ,"m ( ,god4 #ab4 ,!odotus too1 "o ( ! ,fa!rs ( ,ephesus1 or :oev] x is ^: ,homilies are giv5 to ,/4 ,amphilo*ius3--,z debtors & ,god's well-affect$ s]vants1 let u make confession to ,god ! ,^w & to ,8 ,"m1 ( ! gift ( words1 z f> z we are able4 4 4 ,hail1 ,"m1 clad 9 light1 ( ! light :i* sets n2 hail all-undefil$ "m ( hol9ess2 hail mo/ pellucid f\nta9 ( ! life-giv+ /ream6 ,aft] speak+ ( ! ,inc>nation1 he cont9ues1 ,su* p>adoxes do? ! ,div9e ,virg9 ,"m ev] br+ to u 9 h] holy irradiations1 = ) h] is ! ,f\nt ( ,life1 & brea/s ( ! spiritual & guileless milk2 f :i* to suck ! sweetness1 we h ev5 n[ e>ne/ly run to h]1 n z 9 =getfulness ( :at has gone be=e1 b 9 desire ( :at is to come4 ,to ,/4 ,fulg5tius is ascrib$ ! foll[+3 ,m>y became ! w9d[ ( heav51 = ,god ?r\gh h] p\r$ ! ,true ,light ^u ! _w2 ! heav5ly ladd]1 = ?r\gh h] did ,god desc5d ^u e>?4 4 4 4 4 ,come1 ye virg9s1 to a ,virg91 come ye :o conceive to "o :o did conceive1 ye :o be> to "o :o bore1 mo!rs to a ,"m1 ye :o give suck to "o :o suckl$1 "y wom5 to ! ,"y4 ,la/ly1 ,?\ ha/ f\nd grace1 says ,/4 ,pet] ,*rysologus1 h[ mu*8 he _h said above1 ,full4 ,& full inde$1 :i* ) full %[] might p\r ^u & into ! :ole creation4#adh3a 99 99 99 99 99 ,su* 0 ! /ate ( s5tim5t on ! subject ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 :i* ! ,arian1 ,ne/orian1 & ,monophysite h]esies f\nd 9 ! ,*ur*2 & on :i* ! doctr9al decisions consequ5t ^u !m impress$ a =m & a consi/5cy :i* has be5 h&$ on 9 ! ,ea/ & ,we/ to ?is day4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,,! ,,papal ,,supremacy4 ,i w take "o in/ance m4 ,let u see h[1 on ! pr9ciples :i* ,i h be5 lay+ d[n & def5d+1 ! evid5ce lies = ! ,pope's ,supremacy4 ,z to ?is doctr9e ! "q is ?is1 :e!r !re 0 n f ! fir/ a c]ta9 elem5t at "w1 or 9 exi/5ce1 div9ely sanction$1 :i*1 = c]ta9 reasons1 did n at once %[ itself ^u ! surface ( ecclesia/ical affairs1 & ( :i* ev5ts 9 ! f\r? c5tury are ! developm5t2 & :e!r ! evid5ce ( its exi/5ce & op]ation1 :i* does occur 9 ! e>li] c5turies1 be x mu* or little1 is n j su* z ought to occur ^u su* an hypo!sis4 #b4 ,= in/ance1 x is true1 ,/4 ,ignatius is sil5t 9 8 ,epi/les on ! subject ( ! ,pope's au?ority2 b if 9 fact t au?ority c\ld n be 9 active op]ation !n1 su* sil5ce is n s difficult to acc\nt = z ! sil5ce ( ,s5eca or ,plut>* ab\t ,*ri/ianity itself1 or ( ,lucian ab\t ! ,roman p4 ,/4 ,ignatius direct$ 8 doctr9e accord+ to ! ne$4 ,:ile ,apo/les 7 on e>?1 !re 0 ! display nei!r ( ,bi%op nor ,pope2 _! p[] _h no prom95ce1 z be+ ex]cis$ by ,apo/les4 ,9 c\rse ( "t1 fir/ ! p[] ( ! ,bi%op display$ itself1 & !n ! p[] ( ! ,pope4 ,:5 ! ,apo/les 7 tak5 away1 ,*ri/ianity did n at once break into portions2 yet sep>ate localities might beg9 to be ! sc5e ( int]nal diss5sions1 & a local arbit] 9 consequ5ce w\ld be want$4 ,*ri/ians at home did n yet qu>rel ) ,*ri/ians abroad2 !y qu>rell$ at home among !mselves4 ,/4 ,ignatius appli$ ! fitt+ rem$y4 ,! ,sacram5tum ,unitatis 0 ackn[l$g$ on all h&s2 ! mode ( fulfill+ & ! means ( secur+ x w\ld v>y ) ! occasion2 & ! det]m9ation ( its ess5ce1 its seat1 & its laws w\ld be a gradual supply = a gradual necessity4 #c4 ,?is is b natural1 & is p>allel to in/ances :i* happ5 daily1 & may be s consid]$ )\t prejudice to ! div9e "r :e!r ( ! ,episcopate or ( ! ,papacy4 ,x is a common occurr5ce = a qu>rel & a lawsuit to br+ out ! /ate ( ! law1 & !n ! mo/ unexpect$ results (t5 foll[4 ,/4 ,pet]'s pr]ogative w\ld rema9 a m]e lett]1 till ! complication ( ecclesia/ical matt]s became ! cause ( asc]ta9+ x4 ,:ile ,*ri/ians 7 ( "o he>t & "o s\l1 x w\ld be susp5d$2 love disp5ses ) laws4 ,*ri/ians knew t !y mu/ live 9 unity1 & !y 7 9 unity2 9 :at t unity consi/$1 h[ f> !y c\ld proce$1 z x 71 9 b5d+ x1 & :at at l5g? 0 ! po9t at :i* x broke1 0 an irrelevant z well z unwelcome inquiry4 ,relatives (t5 live toge!r 9 happy ignorance ( _! respective rights & prop]ties1 till a fa!r or a husb& dies2 & !n !y f9d !mselves aga9/ _! w 9 sep>ate int]e/s1 & on div]g5t c\rses1 & d>e n move )\t legal advis]s4 ,aga91 ! case is conceivable ( a corporation or an ,academical body1 go+ on = c5turies 9 ! p]=mance ( ! r\t9e-bus9ess :i* came 9 its way1 & pres]v+ a good und]/&+ betwe5 its memb]s1 ) /atutes almo/ a dead lett] & no prec$5ts to expla9 !m1 & ! rights ( its v>i\s classes & functions undef9$1--!n ( its be+ sudd5ly ?r[n back by ! =ce ( circum/ances ^u ! "q ( its =mal "* z a body politic1 & 9 consequ5ce develop+ 9 ! relation ( gov]nors & gov]n$4 ,! regalia ,petri might sleep1 z ! p[] ( a ,*ancellor has slept2 n z an obsolete1 = !y nev] _h be5 c>ri$ into effect1 b z a my/]i\s privilege1 :i* 0 n und]/ood2 z an unfulfill$ prophecy4 ,= ,/4 ,ignatius to speak ( ,popes1 :5 x 0 a matt] ( ,bi%ops1 w\ld h be5 l s5d+ an army to arre/ a h\sebreak]4 ,! ,bi%op's p[] inde$ 0 f ,god1 & ! ,pope's c\ld be no m2 he1 z well z ! ,pope1 0 our ,"l's repres5tative1 & _h a sacram5tal (fice3 b ,i am speak+1 n ( ! intr9sic sanctity or div9ity ( su* an (fice1 b ( its duties4 #d4 ,:5 ! ,*ur*1 !n1 0 ?r[n ^u h] own res\rces1 fir/ local di/urbances gave ex]cise to ,bi%ops1 & next ecum5ical di/urbances gave ex]cise to ,popes2 & :e!r communion ) ! ,pope 0 necess>y = ,ca?olicity w\ld n & c\ld n be debat$ till a susp5sion ( t communion _h actually occurr$4 ,x is n a great] difficulty t ,/4 ,ignatius does n write to ! ,asian ,greeks ab\t ,popes1 ?an t ,/4 ,paul does n write to ! ,cor9?ians ab\t ,bi%ops4 ,& x is a less difficulty t ! ,papal supremacy 0 n =mally ackn[l$g$ 9 ! second c5tury1 ?an t !re 0 no =mal ackn[l$gm5t on ! "p ( ! ,*ur* ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity till ! f\r?4 ,no doctr9e is def9$ till x is violat$4 ,&1 9 l mann]1 x 0 natural = ,*ri/ians to direct _! c\rse 9 matt]s ( doctr9e by ! guidance ( m]e float+1 &1 z x 71 endemic tradition1 :ile x 0 fre% & /rong2 b 9 proportion z x langui%$1 or 0 brok5 9 p>ticul> places1 did x become necess>y to fall back ^u its special homes1 fir/ ! ,apo/olic ,sees1 & !n ! ,see ( ,/4 ,pet]4 #e4 ,moreov]1 an int]national bond & a common au?ority c\ld n be consolidat$1 7 x ev] s c]ta9ly provid$1 :ile p]secutions la/$4 ,if ! ,imp]ial ,p[] *eck$ ! developm5t ( ,c\ncils1 x avail$ also = keep+ back ! p[] ( ! ,papacy4 ,! ,cre$1 ! ,canon1 9 l mann]1 bo? rema9$ undef9$4 ,! ,cre$1 ! ,canon1 ! ,papacy1 ,ecum5ical ,c\ncils1 all began to =m1 z soon z ! ,empire relax$ its tyrann\s oppression ( ! ,*ur*4 ,& z x 0 natural t h] mon>*ical p[] %\ld display itself :5 ! ,empire became ,*ri/ian1 s 0 x natural also t fur!r developm5ts ( t p[] %\ld take place :5 t ,empire fell4 ,moreov]1 :5 ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,see began to ex]t itself1 di/urbance & collision w\ld be ! necess>y consequ5ce4 ,( ! ,temple ( ,solomon1 x 0 said t nei!r hamm]1 nor axe1 nor any tool ( iron 0 he>d 9 ! h\se1 :ile x 0 9 build+4 ,?is is a type ( ! ,*ur* above2 x 0 o!rwise ) ! ,*ur* bel[1 :e!r 9 ! in/ance ( ,popes or ,apo/les4 ,9 ei!r case1 a new p[] _h to be def9$2 z ,/4 ,paul _h to plead1 nay1 to /rive = 8 apo/olic au?ority1 & enjo9$ ,/4 ,timo?y1 z ,bi%op ( ,ephesus1 to let no man despise him3 s ,popes too h n !re=e be5 ambiti\s because !y did n e/abli% _! au?ority )\t a /ruggle4 ,x 0 natural t ,polycrates %\ld oppose ,/4 ,victor2 & natural too t ,/4 ,cyprian %\ld bo? extol ! ,see ( ,/4 ,pet]1 yet resi/ x :5 he ?\ght x w5t beyond its prov9ce4 ,& at a lat] day x 0 natural t ,emp]ors %\ld rise 9 indignation aga9/ x2 & natural1 on ! o!r h&1 t x %\ld take high] gr\nd ) a y\ng] p[] ?an x _h tak5 ) an eld] & "t-hon\r$4 #f4 ,we may foll[ ,b>r[ "h )\t reluctance1 except 9 8 imputation ( motives4 ,9 ! fir/ times1 he says1 :ile ! ,emp]ors 7 pagans1 _! ! ,popes' pret5ces 7 suit$ to _! condition1 & c\ld n so> high2 !y 7 n !n s mad z to pret5d to any temporal p[]1 & a pittance ( spiritual em95cy did cont5t !m4 ,aga93 ,! /ate ( ! mo/ primitive ,*ur* did n well admit su* an univ]sal sov]eignty4 ,= t did consi/ ( small bodies incoh]5tly situat$1 & scatt]$ ab\t 9 v di/ant places1 & consequ5tly unfit to be modell$ into "o political society1 or to be gov]n$ by "o head1 especially consid]+ _! condition "u p]secution & pov]ty4 ,:at conv5i5t resort = direction or ju/ice c\ld a few di/ress$ ,*ri/ians 9 ,egypt1 ,e?iopia1 ,p>?ia1 ,india1 ,mesopotamia1 ,syria1 ,arm5ia1 ,cappadocia1 & o!r p>ts1 h to ,rome6 ,aga93 ,:]eas no po9t av[$ by ,*ri/ians c\ld be s apt to raise (f5ce & jeal\sy 9 pagans aga9/ our religion z ?is1 :i* sette? up a p[] ( s va/ ext5t & huge influ5ce2 :]eas no novelty c\ld be m surpris+ or />tl+ ?an ! creation ( an univ]sal empire ov] ! consci5ces & religi\s practices ( m52 :]eas also ?is doctr9e c\ld n be b v conspicu\s & gl>+ 9 ord9>y practice1 x is prodigi\s t all pagans %\ld n l\dly exclaim aga9/ x1 t is1 on ! supposition t ! ,papal p[] really 0 !n 9 actual ex]cise4 ,& aga93 ,x is mo/ prodigi\s t1 9 ! disputes manag$ by ! ,fa!rs aga9/ h]etics1 ! ,gno/ics1 ,val5t9ians1 c41 !y %\ld n1 ev5 9 ! fir/ place1 allege & urge ! s5t5ce ( ! univ]sal pa/or & judge1 z a mo/ evid5tly conclusive argum5t1 z ! mo/ efficaci\s & comp5di\s me?od ( conv9c+ & sil5c+ !m4 ,once m3 ,ev5 ,popes !mselves h %ift$ _! pret5ces1 & v>i$ 9 /yle1 accord+ to ! diff]5t circum/ances ( "t1 & _! v>iety ( hum\rs1 designs1 int]e/s4 ,9 "t ( prosp]ity1 & ^u advantage1 :5 !y might safely d x1 any ,pope almo/ w\ld talk high & assume mu* to himself2 b :5 !y 7 l[1 or /ood 9 fe> ( p[]ful contradiction1 ev5 ! bolde/ ,popes w\ld speak submissively or mod]ately4#aec3a ,on ! :ole1 suppos+ ! p[] to be div9ely be/[$1 yet 9 ! fir/ in/ance m or less dormant1 a hi/ory c\ld n be trac$ out m probable1 m suitable to t hypo!sis1 ?an ! actual c\rse ( ! controv]sy :i* took place age aft] age ^u ! ,papal supremacy4 #g4 ,x w be said t all ?is is a !ory4 ,c]ta9ly x is3 x is a !ory to acc\nt = facts z !y lie 9 ! hi/ory1 to acc\nt = s mu* be+ told u ab\t ! ,papal au?ority 9 e>ly times1 & n m2 a !ory to reconcile :at is & :at is n record$ ab\t x2 &1 :i* is ! pr9cipal po9t1 a !ory to connect ! words & acts ( ! ,ante-nic5e ,*ur* ) t antec$5t probability ( a mon>*ical pr9ciple 9 ! ,div9e ,s*eme1 & t actual exemplification ( x 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 :i* =ms _! presumptive int]pretation4 ,all dep5ds on ! /r5g? ( t presumption4 ,suppos+ !re be o!rwise good reason = say+ t ! ,papal ,supremacy is "p ( ,*ri/ianity1 !re is no?+ 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* to contradict x4 #h4 ,x foll[s to inquire 9 :at ?is presumption consi/s8 ,x has1 z ,i h said1 two p>ts1 ! antec$5t probability ( a ,pop$om1 & ! actual /ate ( ! ,po/-nic5e ,*ur*4 ,! =m] ( ^! reasons has unavoidably be5 t\*$ ^u 9 :at has prec$$4 ,x is ! absolute ne$ ( a mon>*ical p[] 9 ! ,*ur* :i* is our gr\nd = anticipat+ x4 ,a political body _c exi/ )\t gov]nm5t1 & ! l>g] is ! body ! m conc5trat$ mu/ ! gov]nm5t be4 ,if ! :ole ( ,*ri/5dom is to =m "o ,k+dom1 "o head is ess5tial2 at lea/ ?is is ! exp]i5ce ( eighte5 hundr$ ye>s4 ,z ! ,*ur* grew into =m1 s did ! p[] ( ! ,pope develope2 & :]ev] ! ,pope has be5 r5\nc$1 decay & division h be5 ! consequ5ce4 ,we "k ( no o!r way ( pres]v+ ! ,sacram5tum ,unitatis1 b a c5tre ( unity4 ,! ,ne/orians h _h _! ,ca?olicus2 ! ,lu!rans ( ,prussia h _! g5]al sup]9t5d5t2 ev5 ! ,indep5d5ts1 ,i believe1 h _h an ov]se] 9 _! ,missions4 ,! ,anglican ,*ur* af=ds an obs]vable illu/ration ( ?is doctr9e4 ,z h] prospects h op5$ & h] communion ext5d$1 ! ,see ( ,cant]bury has become ! natural c5tre ( h] op]ations4 ,x has at ! pres5t "t jurisdiction 9 ! ,m$it]ranean1 at ,j]usalem1 9 ,h9do/an1 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 at ! ,antipodes4 ,x has be5 ! organ ( communication1 :5 a ,prime ,m9i/] w\ld =ce ! ,*ur* to a r$i/ribution ( h] prop]ty1 or a ,prote/ant ,sov]eign abroad w\ld br+ h] into fri5dly relations ) 8 own communion4 ,eyes h be5 lift$ up ?i!r 9 times ( p]plexity2 ?i!r h addresses be5 direct$ & deputations s5t4 ,!nce issue ! legal decisions1 or ! decl>ations 9 ,p>liam5t1 or ! lett]s1 or ! private int]positions1 :i* %ape ! =tunes ( ! ,*ur*1 & are ! mov+ influ5ce )9 h] sep>ate dioceses4 ,x mu/ be s2 no ,*ur* c d )\t its ,pope4 ,we see be=e our eyes ! c5traliz+ process by :i* ! ,see ( ,/4 ,pet] became ! ,sov]eign ,head ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,if su* be ! nature ( ! case1 x is impossible1 if we may s speak rev]5tly1 t an ,inf9ite ,wisdom1 :i* sees ! end f ! beg9n+1 9 decree+ ! rise ( an univ]sal ,empire1 %\ld n h decre$ ! developm5t ( a sov]eign rul]4 ,moreov]1 all ?is mu/ be view$ 9 ! light ( ! g5]al probability1 s mu* insi/$ on above1 t doctr9e _c b develope z "t proce$s & ne$ arises1 & t its developm5ts are p>ts ( ! ,div9e sy/em1 & t !re=e x is lawful1 or r necess>y1 to int]pret ! words & de$s ( ! e>li] ,*ur* by ! det]m9ate tea*+ ( ! lat]4 #i4 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 z ! c\nt]p>t ( ^! anticipations1 we are met by c]ta9 ann\ncem5ts 9 ,scripture1 m or less obscure & ne$+ a comm5t1 & claim$ by ! ,papal ,see z hav+ _! fulfilm5t 9 itself4 ,su* are ! words1 ,?\ art ,pet]1 & ^u ?is rock ,i w build ,my ,*ur*2 & ! gates ( hell %all n prevail aga9/ x1 & ,i w give unto ,!e ! ,keys ( ! ,k+dom ( ,heav54 ,aga93 ,fe$ ,my lambs1 fe$ ,my %eep4 ,& ,satan ha? desir$ to h y2 ,i h pray$ = !e1 & :5 ?\ art conv]t$1 /r5g!n ?y bre?r54 ,su*1 too1 are v>i\s o!r indications ( ! ,div9e purpose z reg>ds ,/4 ,pet]1 too weak 9 !mselves to be insi/$ on sep>ately1 b n )\t a confirmatory p[]2 su* z 8 new "n1 8 walk+ on ! sea1 8 miracul\s draught ( fi%es on two occasions1 our ,"l's prea*+ out ( 8 boat1 & ,8 appe>+ fir/ to him aft] ,8 resurrection4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$1 moreov]1 t a simil> promise 0 made by ! patri>* ,jacob to ,judah3 ,?\ art he :om ?y bre?r5 %all praise3 ! sceptre %all n dep>t f ,judah till ,%iloh come2 yet ?is promise 0 n fulfill$ = p]haps eight hundr$ ye>s1 dur+ :i* long p]iod we he> little or no?+ ( ! tribe desc5d$ f him4 ,9 l mann]1 ,on ?is rock ,i w build ,my ,*ur*1 ,i give unto !e ! ,keys1 ,fe$ ,my %eep1 are n precepts m]ely1 b prophecies & promises1 promises to be accompli%$ by ,him :o made !m1 prophecies to be fulfill$ accord+ to ! ne$1 & to be int]pret$ by ! ev5t1--by ! hi/ory1 t is1 ( ! f\r? & fif? c5turies1 ?\gh !y _h a p>tial fulfilm5t ev5 9 ! prec$+ p]iod1 & a /ill m noble developm5t 9 ! middle ages4 #aj4 ,a p>tial fulfilm5t1 or at lea/ indications ( :at 0 to be1 !re c]ta9ly 7 9 ! fir/ age4 ,fa9t "o by "o1 at lea/ !y are v>i\s1 & are f\nd 9 writ]s ( _m times & c\ntries1 & !reby illu/rative ( ea* o!r1 & =m+ a body ( pro(4 ,?us ,/4 ,clem5t1 9 ! "n ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 writes to ! ,cor9?ians1 :5 !y 7 )\t a bi%op2 ,/4 ,ignatius ( ,antio* addresses ! ,roman ,*ur*1 out ( ! ,*ur*es to :i* he writes1 z ! ,*ur*1 :i* has 9 dignity ! fir/ seat1 ( ! city ( ! ,romans1#aeg3a & implies t x 0 too high = 8 direct+ z be+ ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul4 ,/4 ,polyc>p ( ,smyrna has rec\rse to ! ,bi%op ( ,rome on ! "q ( ,ea/]2 ! h]etic ,m>cion1 excommunicat$ 9 ,pontus1 betakes himself to ,rome2 ,sot]1 ,bi%op ( ,rome1 s5ds alms1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( 8 ,*ur*1 to ! ,*ur*es ?r\gh\t ! empire1 &1 9 ! words ( ,eusebius1 affectionately exhort$ ^? :o came to ,rome1 z a fa!r 8 *ildr52 ! ,montani/s f ,phrygia come to ,rome to ga9 ! c\nt5ance ( its ,bi%op2 ,praxeas1 f ,asia1 attempts ! l1 & = a :ile is successful2 ,/4 ,victor1 ,bi%op ( ,rome1 ?reat5s to excommunicate ! ,asian ,*ur*es2 ,/4 ,ir5u speaks ( ,rome z ! greate/ ,*ur*1 ! mo/ anci5t1 ! mo/ conspicu\s1 & f\nd$ & e/abli%$ by ,pet] & ,paul1 appeals to its tradition1 n 9 contra/ inde$1 b 9 pref]5ce to t ( o!r ,*ur*es1 & decl>es t to ?is ,*ur*1 e ,*ur*1 t is1 ! fai?ful f e side mu/ resort or mu/ agree ) x1 propt] potiorem pr9cipalitatem4 ,o ,*ur*1 happy 9 its position1 says ,t]tullian1 into :i* ! ,apo/les p\r$ out1 toge!r ) _! blood1 _! :ole doctr9e2 & else:]e1 ?\gh 9 indignation & bitt] mock]y1 he calls ! ,pope ! ,pontifex ,maximus1 ! ,bi%op ( ,bi%ops4 ,! presbyt]s ( ,/4 ,dionysius1 ,bi%op ( ,alex&ria1 compla9 ( 8 doctr9e to ,/4 ,dionysius ( ,rome2 ! latt] expo/ulates ) him1 & he expla9s4 ,! ,emp]or ,aurelian leaves to ! ,bi%ops ( ,italy & ( ,rome ! decision1 :e!r or n ,paul ( ,samosata %all be dispossess$ ( ! see-h\se at ,antio*2 ,/4 ,cyprian speaks ( ,rome z ! ,see ( ,pet] & ! pr9cipal ,*ur*1 :5ce ! unity ( ! prie/hood took its rise1 4 4 ^: fai? has be5 comm5d$ by ! ,apo/les1 to :om fai?lessness c h no access2 ,/4 ,/eph5 refuses to receive ,/4 ,cyprian's deputation1 & sep>ates himself f v>i\s ,*ur*es ( ! ,ea/2 ,=tunatus & ,felix1 depos$ by ,/4 ,cyprian1 h rec\rse to ,rome2 ,basilides1 depos$ 9 ,spa91 betakes himself to ,rome1 & ga9s ! e> ( ,/4 ,/eph54 #aa4 ,/4 ,cyprian _h 8 qu>rel ) ! ,roman ,see1 b x appe>s he all[s to x ! title ( ! ,ca!dra ,petri1 & ev5 ,firmilian is a witness t ,rome claim$ x4 ,9 ! f\r? & fif? c5turies ?is title & its logical results became prom95t4 ,?us ,/4 ,julius 7,a4,d4 #cdb7 remon/rat$ by lett] ) ! ,eusebian p>ty = proce$+ on _! own au?ority z !y pleas$1 & !n1 z he says1 desir+ to obta9 our concurr5ce 9 _! decisions1 ?\gh we nev] condemn$ ,a?anasius4 ,n s h ! con/itutions ( ,paul1 n s h ! traditions ( ! ,fa!rs direct$2 ?is is ano!r =m ( proc$ure1 a novel practice4 4 4 4 ,= :at we h receiv$ f ! bless$ ,apo/le ,pet]1 t ,i signify to y2 & ,i %\ld n h writt5 ?is1 z deem+ t ^! ?+s are manife/ unto all m51 _h n ^! proce$+s s di/urb$ u4#aeh3a ,/4 ,a?anasius1 by pres]v+ ?is prote/1 has giv5 x 8 sanction4 ,moreov]1 x is ref]r$ to by ,socrates2 & 8 acc\nt ( x has ! m =ce1 because he happ5s to be incorrect 9 ! details1 & !re=e did n borr[ x f ,/4 ,a?anasius3 ,julius wrote back1 he says1 t !y act$ aga9/ ! ,canons1 because !y _h n call$ him to ! ,c\ncil1 ! ,ecclesia/ical ,canon comm&+ t ! ,*ur*es ought n to make ,canons beside ! w ( ! ,bi%op ( ,rome4#aei3a ,& ,sozom53 ,x 0 a sac]dotal law1 to decl>e invalid :atev] 0 transact$ beside ! w ( ! ,bi%op ( ! ,romans4#aei3b ,on ! o!r h&1 ! h]etics !mselves1 :om ,/4 ,julius )/&s1 are oblig$ to ackn[l$ge t ,rome 0 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,apo/les & ! ,metropolis ( or?odoxy f ! beg9n+2 & two ( _! lead]s 7,we/]n ,bi%ops inde$7 "s ye>s aft]w>ds recant$ _! h]esy be=e ! ,pope 9 t]ms ( humble confession4 #ab4 ,ano!r ,pope1 ,/4 ,damasus1 9 8 lett] address$ to ! ,ea/]n ,bi%ops aga9/ ,apoll9>is 7,a4,d4 #chb71 calls ^? ,bi%ops 8 sons4 ,9 t y\r *>ity pays ! due rev]5ce to ! ,apo/olical ,see1 ye pr(it y\rselves ! mo/1 mo/ hon\r$ sons4 ,= if1 plac$ z we are 9 t ,holy ,*ur*1 9 :i* ! ,holy ,apo/le sat & taught1 h[ x become? u to direct ! helm to :i* we h succe$$1 we nev]!less confess ourselves unequal to t hon\r2 yet d we !re=e /udy z we may1 if s be we may be able to atta9 to ! glory ( 8 bless$ness4#aei3c ,i speak1 says ,/4 ,j]ome to ! same ,/4 ,damasus1 ) ! successor ( ! fi%]man & ! disciple ( ! ,cross4 ,i1 foll[+ no "o z my *ief b ,*ri/1 am associat$ 9 communion ) ?y bless$ness1 t is1 ) ! ,see ( ,pet]4 ,i "k t on t rock ! ,*ur* is built4 ,:osoev] %all eat ! ,lamb outside ?is ,h\se is pr(ane2 if a man be n 9 ! ,ark ( ,noe1 he %all p]i% :5 ! flood comes 9 its p[]4#afj3a ,/4 ,basil entreats ,/4 ,damasus to s5d p]sons to arbitrate betwe5 ! ,*ur*es ( ,asia ,m9or1 or at lea/ to make a report on ! au?ors ( _! tr\bles1 & "n ! p>ty ) :i* ! ,pope %\ld hold communion4 ,we are 9 no wise ask+ any?+ new1 he proce$s1 b :at 0 cu/om>y ) bless$ & religi\s m5 ( =m] times1 & especially ) y\rself4 ,= we "k1 by tradition ( our fa!rs ( :om we h inquir$1 & f ! in=mation ( writ+s /ill pres]v$ among u1 t ,dionysius1 t mo/ bless$ ,bi%op1 :ile he 0 em95t among y = or?odoxy & o!r virtues1 s5t lett]s ( visitation to our ,*ur* at ,cs>ea1 & ( consolation to our fa!rs1 ) ransom]s ( our bre?r5 f captivity4 ,9 l mann]1 ,ambrosia/]1 a ,pelagian 9 8 doctr9e1 :i* "h is n to ! purpose1 speaks ( ! ,*ur* be+ ,god's h\se1 ^: rul] at ?is "t is ,damasus4#afj3b #ac4 ,we be>1 says ,/4 ,siricius1 ano!r ,pope 7,a4,d4 #che71 ! burd5 ( all :o are lad52 yea1 r ! bless$ ,apo/le ,pet] be>e? !m 9 u1 :o1 z we tru/1 9 all ?+s protects & def5ds u ! heirs ( 8 gov]nm5t4#afj3c ,& he 9 turn is confirm$ by ,/4 ,optatus4 ,y _c d5y y\r k1 says ! latt] to ,p>m5ian1 ! ,donati/1 t1 9 ! city ,rome1 on ,pet] fir/ ha? an ,episcopal ,see be5 conf]r$1 9 :i* ,pet] sat1 ! head ( all ! ,apo/les1 4 4 4 9 :i* "o ,see unity might be pres]v$ by all1 le/ ! o!r ,apo/les %\ld support _! respective ,sees2 9 ord] t he might be at once a s*ismatic & a s9n]1 :o aga9/ t "o ,see 7s+ul>em7 plac$ a second4 ,!re=e t "o ,see 7unicam71 :i* is ! fir/ ( ! ,*ur*'s pr]ogatives1 ,pet] fill$ fir/2 to :om succe$$ ,l9us2 to ,l9us1 ,clem5t2 to ,clem5t1 c41 c4 4 4 4 to ,damasus1 ,siricius1 :o at ?is day is associat$ ) u 7socius71 toge!r ) :om ! :ole _w is 9 accordance ) u1 9 ! "o bond ( communion1 by ! int]c\rse ( lett]s ( peace4#afa3a ,ano!r ,pope3 ,dilig5tly & congru\sly d ye consult ! arcana ( ! ,apo/olical dignity1 says ,/4 ,innoc5t to ! ,c\ncil ( ,milevis 7,a4,d4 #dag71 ! dignity ( him on :om1 beside ^? ?+s :i* are )\t1 falls ! c>e ( all ! ,*ur*es2 foll[+ ! =m ( ! anci5t rule1 :i* y "k1 z well z ,i1 has be5 pres]v$ always by ! :ole _w4#afa3b ,"h ! ,pope appeals1 z x 71 to ! ,rule ( ,v9c5tius2 :ile ,/4 ,augu/9e be>s witness t he did n out/ep 8 ,pr]ogative1 =1 giv+ an acc\nt ( ?is & ano!r lett]1 he says1 ,he ! ,pope answ]$ u z to all ^! matt]s z x 0 religi\s & becom+ 9 ! ,bi%op ( ! ,apo/olic ,see4#afa3c ,ano!r ,pope3 ,we h especial anxiety ab\t all p]sons1 says ,/4 ,cele/9e 7,a4,d4 #dbe71 to ! ,illyrian ,bi%ops1 on :om1 9 ! holy ,apo/le ,pet]1 ,*ri/ conf]r$ ! necessity ( mak+ all m5 our c>e1 :5 ,he gave him ! ,keys ( op5+ & %utt+4 ,& ,/4 ,prosp]1 8 contempor>y1 confirms him1 :5 he calls ,rome ! seat ( ,pet]1 :i*1 be+ made to ! _w ! head ( pa/oral hon\r1 possesses by religion :at x does n possess by arms2 & ,v9c5t ( ,l]9s1 :5 he calls ! ,pope ! head ( ! _w4#afa3d #ad4 ,ano!r ,pope3 ,bless$ ,pet]1 says ,/4 ,leo 7,a4,d4 #ddj1 c471 ha? n des]t$ ! helm ( ! ,*ur* :i* he _h assum$4 4 4 ,8 p[] lives & 8 au?ority is pre-em95t 9 8 ,see4#afb3a ,t immoveabl5ess1 :i*1 f ! ,rock ,*ri/1 he1 :5 made a rock1 receiv$1 has be5 communicat$ also to 8 heirs4#afb3b ,& z ,/4 ,a?anasius & ! ,eusebians1 by _! contempor>y te/imonies1 confirm ,/4 ,julius2 & ,/4 ,j]ome1 ,/4 ,basil2 & ,ambrosia/]1 ,/4 ,damasus2 & ,/4 ,optatus1 ,/4 ,siricius2 & ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ,/4 ,innoc5t2 & ,/4 ,prosp] & ,v9c5t1 ,/4 ,cele/9e2 s d ,/4 ,pet] ,*rysologus1 & ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on confirm ,/4 ,leo4 ,bless$ ,pet]1 says ,*rysologus1 :o lives & presides 9 8 own ,see1 supplies tru? ( fai? to ^? :o seek x4#afb3c ,& ! ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on1 address+ ,/4 ,leo respect+ ,dioscorus1 ,bi%op ( ,alex&ria3 ,he ext5ds 8 madness ev5 aga9/ him to :om ! cu/ody ( ! v9ey>d has be5 committ$ by ! ,savi\r1 t is1 aga9/ ?y ,apo/olical hol9ess4#afb3d ,b ! in/ance ( ,/4 ,leo w occur aga9 9 a lat] ,*apt]4 #ae4 ,! acts ( ! f\r? c5tury speak z /rongly z its words4 ,we may cont5t ourselves "h ) ,b>r['s admissions3-- ,! ,pope's p[]1 he says1 0 mu* amplifi$ by ! importunity ( p]sons condemn$ or extrud$ f _! places1 :e!r ^u j acc\nts1 or wrongfully1 & by faction2 = !y1 f9d+ no o!r m hopeful place ( refuge & r$ress1 did (t5 apply to him3 = :at w n m5 d1 :i!r w n !y g 9 /raits8 ,?us did ,m>cion g to ,rome1 & sue = admission to communion !re4 ,s ,=tunatus & ,felicissimus 9 ,/4 ,cyprian1 be+ condemn$ 9 ,afric1 did fly to ,rome = %elt]2 ( :i* absurdity ,/4 ,cyprian do? s compla94 ,s likewise ,m>tianus & ,basilides 9 ,/4 ,cyprian1 be+ out$ ( _! ,sees = hav+ laps$ f ! ,*ri/ian pr(ession1 did fly to ,/eph5 = succ\r1 to be re/or$4 ,s ,maximus1 ! ,cynic1 w5t to ,rome1 to get a confirmation ( 8 election at ,con/ant9ople4 ,s ,m>cellus1 be+ reject$ = het]odoxy1 w5t ?i!r to get atte/ation to 8 or?odoxy1 ( :i* ,/4 ,basil compla9e?4 ,s ,api>us1 be+ condemn$ 9 ,afric = 8 crimes1 did appeal to ,rome4 ,&1 on ! o!r side1 ,a?anasius be+ ) great p>tiality condemn$ by ! ,synod ( ,tyre2 ,paulus & o!r bi%ops be+ extrud$ f _! sees = or?odoxy2 ,/4 ,*ryso/om be+ condemn$ & expell$ by ,!ophilus & 8 complices2 ,flavianus be+ depos$ by ,dioscorus & ! ,ephes9e synod2 ,!odoret be+ condemn$ by ! same2 did cry out = help to ,rome4 ,*elidonius1 ,bi%op ( ,besanon1 be+ depos$ by ,hil>ius ( ,arles = crime1 did fly to ,pope ,leo4 ,aga93 ,our adv]s>ies d oppose "s in/ances ( popes m$dl+ 9 ! con/itution ( bi%ops2 z1 ,pope ,leo ,i4 sai?1 t ,anatolius did 'by ! fav\r ( 8 ass5t obta9 ! bi%opric ( ,con/ant9ople4' ,! same ,pope is alleg$ z hav+ confirm$ ,maximus ( ,antio*4 ,! same do? write to ! ,bi%op ( ,!ssalonica1 8 vic>1 t he %\ld 'confirm ! elections ( bi%ops by 8 au?ority4' ,he also confirm$ ,donatus1 an ,african bi%op3--',we w t ,donatus preside ov] ! ,"l's flock1 ^u condition t he rememb] to s5d u an acc\nt ( 8 fai?4' 4 4 ,pope ,damasus did confirm ! ord9ation ( ,pet] ,alex&r9us4 #af4 ,& aga93 ,! ,popes inde$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury began to practise a f9e trick1 v s]viceable to ! enl>gem5t ( _! p[]2 :i* 0 to conf] on c]ta9 bi%ops1 z occasion s]v$1 or = cont9uance1 ! title ( _! vic> or lieut5ant1 !reby pret5d+ to imp>t au?ority to !m2 :]eby !y 7 enabl$ = p]=mance ( div]s ?+s1 :i* o!rwise by _! own episcopal or metropolitical p[] !y c\ld n p]=m4 ,by :i* device !y did engage su* bi%ops to su* a dep5d5ce on !m1 :]eby !y did promote ! papal au?ority 9 prov9ces1 to ! oppression ( ! anci5t rights & lib]ties ( bi%ops & synods1 do+ :at !y pleas$ "u pret5ce ( ?is va/ p[] communicat$ to !m2 & = fe> ( be+ displac$1 or out ( affection to _! fav\r]1 do+ :at might s]ve to advance ! papacy4 ,?us did ,pope ,cele/9e con/itute ,cyril 9 8 room4 ,pope ,leo appo9t$ ,anatolius ( ,con/ant9ople2 ,pope ,felix1 ,acacius ( ,con/ant9ople4 4 4 4 4 ,pope ,simplicius to ,z5o1 ,bi%op ( ,seville3 ',we ?\ght x conv5i5t t y %\ld be held up by ! vic>iat au?ority ( our see4' ,s did ,siricius & 8 successors con/itute ! bi%ops ( ,!ssalonica to be _! vic>s 9 ! diocese ( ,illyricum1 :]e9 be+ !n a memb] ( ! we/]n empire !y _h caught a special jurisdiction2 to :i* ,pope ,leo did ref] 9 ^? words1 :i* sometimes are imp]t95tly alleg$ ) ref]5ce to all bi%ops1 b conc]n only ,ana/asius1 ,bi%op ( ,!ssalonica3 ',we h entru/$ ?y *>ity to be 9 our /ead2 s t ?\ art call$ into "p ( ! solicitude1 n into pl5itude ( ! au?ority4' ,s did ,pope ,zosimus be/[ a l pret5ce ( vic>i\s p[] ^u ! ,bi%op ( ,arles1 :i* city 0 ! seat ( ! temporal ex>* 9 ,gaul4#afd3a #ag4 ,m ample te/imony = ! ,papal ,supremacy1 z n[ pr(ess$ by ,roman ,ca?olics1 is sc>cely necess>y ?an :at is conta9$ 9 ^! passages2 ! simple "q is1 :e!r ! cle> light ( ! f\r? & fif? c5turies may be fairly tak5 to int]pret to u ! dim1 ?\gh def9ite1 outl9es trac$ 9 ! prec$+4 ,,footnotes3 #abc3a ,wood's ,me*anics1 p4 #ca4 #abd3a ,au!nt4 ,n4 ,t4 ,tr4 p4 #bcg4 #abd3b ,accord+ to ,less4 #abd3c ,tracts = ! ,times1 ,no4 #he1 p4 #gh ,discuss4 iii4 #f1 p4 #bjg4 #abe3a ,ibid4 p4 #bji4 ,^! results are tak5 f ,less1 & are practically accurate4 #abf3a ,no4 #he ,discuss4 p4 #bcf4 #acb3a ,ep4 #ic4 ,i h ?\ght x be/ to give an ov]-lit]al translation4 #acb3b ,vid4 ,concil4 ,brac>4 ap4 ,aguirr4 ,conc4 ,hisp4 t4 ii4 p4 #fgf4 ,t ! cup 0 n adm9i/]$ at ! same "t is n s cle>2 b f ! t5or ( ?is fir/ ,canon 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,?ird ,c\ncil ( ,braga1 :i* condemns ! notion t ! ,ho/ %\ld be /eep$ 9 ! *alice1 we h no d\bt t ! w9e 0 )held f ! laity4 ,:e!r c]ta9 po9ts ( doctr9e are or are n f\nd 9 ! ,scriptures is no conc]n ( ! hi/orian2 all t he has to d is religi\sly to foll[ 8 guides1 to suppress or di/ru/ no?+ ?r\gh p>tiality4--,dunham1 ,hi/4 ( ,spa9 & ,port4 vol4 i4 p4 #bjd4 ,if pro complem5to communionis 9 ! ,canon m]ely means = ! ,cup1 at lea/ ! ,cup is spok5 ( z a complem5t2 ! same view is conta9$ 9 ! confirmation ( ! ,eu*>i/1 z spok5 ( 9 ,/4 ,g]man's life4 ,vid4 ,lives ( ,sa9ts1 ,no4 #i1 p4 #bh4 #acb3c ,niceph4 ,hi/4 xviii4 #de4 ,r5audot1 h[ev]1 tells u ( two ,bi%ops at ! "t :5 ! s*ism 0 at l5g? heal$4 ,patr4 ,al4 ,jac4 p4 #bdh4 ,h[ev]1 ^! _h be5 consecrat$ by prie/s1 p4 #ade4 #acc3a ,vid4 ,b+4 ,ant4 xv4 #d1 #g2 & ,fleury1 ,hi/4 xxvi4 #ej1 note g4 #ace3a ,kaye's ,ju/91 p4 #ei1 c4 #ace3b ,kaye's ,clem5t1 p4 #cce4 #ace3c p4 #cda4 #ace3d ,ib4 #cdb4 #acf3a ,reliqu4 ,sacr4 t4 ii4 p4 #dfi1 #dgj4 #acg3a ,?is subject is m exactly & c>efully treat$ 9 ,tracts ,!ol4 & ,eccles4 pp4 #aib-bbf4 #ach3a ,!y also _h a cultus 9 !mselves1 & specially :5 a great] ,pres5ce did n ov]%ad[ !m4 ,vid4 ,via ,m$ia1 vol4 ii4 art4 iv4 #h1 note #a4 #aci3a ,exod4 xxxiii4 #aj4 #aci3b ,dan4 x4 #e-ag4 #ada3a ,a?an4 ,orat4 i4 #db1 ,oxf4 tr4 #ada3b ,vid4 supr4 p4 #ach1 note #h4 #adb3a ,a?an4 ibid4 #adb3b ,& s ,eusebius1 9 8 ,life ( ,con/ant9e3 ,! all-holy *oir ( ,god's p]petual virg9s1 he 0 us$ almo/ to wor%ip 7sebn71 believ+ t t ,god1 to :om !y _h consecrat$ !mselves1 0 an inhabitant 9 ! s\ls ( su*4 ,vit4 ,con/4 iv4 #bh4 #adf3a ,hr4 #gh1 #ah4 #adh3a ,aug4 de ,nat4 et ,grat4 #db4 ,ambros4 ,ep4 #a1 #di1 #b4 ,9 ,psalm #aah1 v4 #c1 de ,in/it4 ,virg4 #ej4 ,hi]4 9 ,is4 xi4 #a1 contr4 ,pelag4 ii4 #d4 ,nil4 ,ep4 i4 p4 #bfg4 ,antio*4 ap4 ,cyr4 de ,rect4 ,fid4 p4 #di4 ,ephr4 ,opp4 ,syr4 t4 #c1 p4 #fjg4 ,max4 ,hom4 #de4 ,procl4 ,orat4 vi4 pp4 #bbe-bbh1 p4 #fj1 p4 #agi1 #ahj1 ed4 #afcj4 ,!odot4 ap4 ,amphilo*4 pp4 #ci1 c4 ,fulg5t4 ,s]m4 #c1 p4 #abe4 ,*rysol4 ,s]m4 #adb4 ,a /rik+ passage f ano!r ,s]mon ( ! la/-m5tion$ au?or1 on ! words ,%e ca/ 9 h] m9d :at mann] ( salutation1 c41 may be add$3 ,quantus sit ,deus satis ignorat ille1 qui hujus ,virg9is m5tem non /upet1 animum non miratur4 ,pavet coelum1 tremunt ,angeli1 creatura non su/9et1 natura non sufficit2 et una puella sic ,deum 9 sui pectoris capit1 recipit1 oblectat hospitio1 ut pacem t]ris1 coelis gloriam1 salutem p]ditis1 vitam mortuis1 t]r5is cum coele/ibus p>5telam1 ipsius ,dei cum c>ne comm]cium1 pro ips doms exigat p5sione1 pro ipsius ut]i m]c$e conquirat1 c4 ,s]m4 #adj4 ,/4 ,basil1 ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 & ,/4 ,cyril ( ,alex&ria sometimes speak1 x is true1 9 a diff]5t tone2 on ?is subject vid4 ,lett] to ,dr4 ,pusey1 ,note iii41 ,diff4 ( ,angl4 vol4 #b4 #aec3a ,pope's ,suprem4 ed4 #ahcf1 pp4 #bf1 #bg1 #aeg1 #aga1 #bbb4 #aeg3a htis kai proka?tai en top *ri\ ,rhmain4 #aeh3a ,a?an4 ,hi/4 ,tracts4 ,oxf4 tr4 p4 #ef4 #aei3a ,hi/4 ii4 #ag4 #aei3b ,hi/4 iii4 #aj4 #aei3c ,!od4 ,hi/4 v4 #aj4 #afj3a ,c\/ant1 ,epp4 ,pont4 p4 #edf4 #afj3b ,9 #a ,tim4 iii4 #ad1 #ae4 #afj3c ,c\/ant1 p4 #fbd4 #afa3a ii4 #c4 #afa3b ,c\/ant1 pp4 #hif1 #ajfd4 #afa3c ,ep4 #ahf1 #b4 #afa3d ,de ,+rat4 #b4 ,common4 #da4 #afb3a ,s]m4 ,de ,natal4 iii4 #c4 #afb3b ,ibid4 v4 #d4 #afb3c ,ep4 ad ,euty*4 f94 #afb3d ,concil4 ,h>d4 t4 ii4 p4 #fef4 #afd3a ,b>r[ on ! ,supremacy1 ed4 #ahcf1 pp4 #bfc1 #cca1 #chd4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,doctr9al ,,developm5ts ,,view$ ,,relatively ,,to ,,doctr9al ,,corruptions4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,g5u9e ,,developm5ts ,,contra/$ ,,) ,,corruptions4 ,i h be5 engag$ 9 draw+ out ! positive & direct argum5t 9 pro( ( ! intimate connexion1 or r on5ess1 ) primitive ,apo/olic tea*+1 ( ! body ( doctr9e kn[n at ?is day by ! "n ( ,ca?olic1 & pr(ess$ sub/antially bo? by ,ea/]n & ,we/]n ,*ri/5dom4 ,t fai? is und5iably ! hi/orical cont9uation ( ! religi\s sy/em1 :i* bore ! "n ( ,ca?olic 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 9 ! sev5te5?1 9 ! sixte5?1 & s back 9 e prec$+ c5tury1 till we arrive at ! fir/2--und5iably ! successor1 ! repres5tative1 ! heir ( ! religion ( ,cyprian1 ,basil1 ,ambrose & ,augu/9e4 ,! only "q t c be rais$ is :e!r ! said ,ca?olic fai?1 z n[ held1 is logically1 z well z hi/orically1 ! repres5tative ( ! anci5t fai?4 ,?is !n is ! subject1 to :i* ,i h z yet address$ myself1 & ,i h ma9ta9$ t mod]n ,ca?olicism is no?+ else b simply ! legitimate gr[? & complem5t1 t is1 ! natural & necess>y developm5t1 ( ! doctr9e ( ! e>ly *ur*1 & t its div9e au?ority is includ$ 9 ! div9ity ( ,*ri/ianity4 #b4 ,s f> ,i h gone1 b an important objection pres5ts itself = di/9ct consid]ation4 ,x may be said 9 answ] to me t x is n en\gh t a c]ta9 l>ge sy/em ( doctr9e1 su* z t :i* goes by ! "n ( ,ca?olic1 %\ld admit ( be+ ref]r$ to beliefs1 op9ions1 & usages :i* prevail$ among ! fir/ ,*ri/ians1 9 ord] to my hav+ a logical "r to include a reception ( ! lat] tea*+ 9 ! reception ( ! e>li]2 t an intellectual developm5t may be 9 "o s5se natural1 & yet untrue to its orig9al1 z diseases come ( nature1 yet are ! de/ruction1 or r ! negation ( heal?2 t ! causes :i* /imulate ! gr[? ( ideas may also di/urb & de=m !m2 & t ,*ri/ianity might inde$ h be5 int5d$ by its ,div9e ,au?or = a wide expansion ( ! ideas prop] to x1 & yet ?is great b5efit h9d]$ by ! evil bir? ( cognate errors :i* act$ z its c\nt]feit2 9 a ^w1 t :at ,i h call$ developm5ts 9 ! ,roman ,*ur* are no?+ m or less ?an :at us$ to be call$ h] corruptions2 & t new names d n de/roy old grievances4 ,?is is :at may be said1 & ,i ackn[l$ge its =ce3 x becomes necess>y 9 consequ5ce to assign c]ta9 *>act]i/ics ( fai?ful developm5ts1 :i* none b fai?ful developm5ts h1 & ! pres5ce ( :i* s]ves z a te/ to discrim9ate betwe5 !m & corruptions4 ,?is ,i at once proce$ to d1 & ,i %all beg9 by det]m9+ :at a corruption is1 & :y x _c rightly be call$1 & h[ x diff]s f1 a developm5t4 #c4 ,to f9d !n :at a corruption or p]v]sion ( ! tru? is1 let u inquire :at ! ^w means1 :5 us$ lit]ally ( mat]ial sub/ances4 ,n[ x is pla91 fir/ ( all1 t a corruption is a ^w atta*+ to organiz$ matt]s only2 a /one may be cru%$ to p[d]1 b x _c be corrupt$4 ,corruption1 on ! contr>y1 is ! break+ up ( life1 prep>atory to its t]m9ation4 ,?is resolution ( a body into its compon5t p>ts is ! /age be=e its dissolution2 x beg9s :5 life has rea*$ its p]fection1 & x is ! sequel1 or r ! cont9uation1 ( t process t[>ds p]fection1 be+ at ! same "t ! rev]sal & undo+ ( :at w5t be=e4 ,till ?is po9t ( regression is rea*$1 ! body has a function ( its own1 & a direction & aim 9 its action1 & a nature ) laws2 ^! x is n[ los+1 & ! traits & tok5s ( =m] ye>s2 & ) !m its vig\r & p[]s ( nutrition1 ( assimilation1 & ( self-rep>ation4 #d4 ,tak+ ?is analogy z a guide1 ,i v5ture to set d[n sev5 ,notes ( v>y+ cog5cy1 indep5d5ce & applicability1 to discrim9ate heal?y developm5ts ( an idea f its /ate ( corruption & decay1 z foll[s3--,!re is no corruption if x reta9s "o & ! same type1 ! same pr9ciples1 ! same organization2 if its beg9n+s anticipate its subsequ5t phases1 & its lat] ph5om5a protect & subs]ve its e>li]2 if x has a p[] ( assimilation & revival1 & a vigor\s action f fir/ to la/4 ,on ^! te/s ,i %all n[ enl>ge1 ne>ly 9 ! ord] 9 :i* ,i h enum]at$ !m4 ,,section ,i4 ,,fir/ ,,note ,,( ,a ,,g5u9e ,,developm5t4 ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,type4 ,?is is readily sugge/$ by ! analogy ( physical gr[?1 :i* is su* t ! p>ts & proportions ( ! develop$ =m1 h[ev] alt]$1 correspond to ^? :i* belong to its rudim5ts4 ,! adult animal has ! same make1 z x _h on its bir?2 "y birds d n gr[ into fi%es1 nor does ! *ild deg5]ate into ! brute1 wild or dome/ic1 ( :i* he is by inh]itance "l4 ,v9c5tius ( ,l]9s adopts ?is illu/ration 9 di/9ct ref]5ce to ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 ,let ! s\l's religion1 he says imitate ! law ( ! body1 :i*1 z ye>s g on developes inde$ & op5s out its due proportions1 & yet rema9s id5tically :at x 04 ,small are a baby's limbs1 a y\?'s are l>g]1 yet !y are ! same4#agb3a #b4 ,9 l mann] e call+ or (fice has its own type1 :i* ^? :o fill x are b\nd to ma9ta92 & to deviate f ! type 9 any mat]ial po9t is to rel9qui% ! call+4 ,?us bo? ,*auc] & ,goldsmi? h drawn pictures ( a true p>i% prie/2 ^! diff] 9 details1 b on ! :ole !y agree toge!r1 & are "o 9 su* s5se1 t s5suality1 or ambition1 mu/ be consid]$ a =feiture ( t high title4 ,^? magi/rates1 aga91 are call$ corrupt1 :o are guid$ 9 _! judgm5ts by love ( lucre or respect ( p]sons1 = ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice is _! ess5tial function4 ,?us collegiate or mona/ic bodies lose _! claim to _! end[m5ts or _! build+s1 z be+ relax$ & deg5]ate1 if !y neglect _! /atutes or _! ,rule4 ,?us1 too1 9 political hi/ory1 a mayor ( ! palace1 su* z he became 9 ! p]son ( ,pep91 0 no fai?ful developm5t ( ! (fice he fill$1 z orig9ally int5d$ & e/abli%$4 #c4 ,9 l mann]1 x has be5 argu$ by a late writ]1 :e!r fairly or n does n int]f]e ) ! illu/ration1 t ! miracul\s vision & dream ( ! ,lab>um c\ld n h really tak5 place1 z report$ by ,eusebius1 because x is c\nt] to ! orig9al type ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,= ! fir/ "t1 he says1 on occasion ( ,con/ant9e's introduction ( ! /&>d into 8 armies1 ! meek & peaceful ,jesus became a ,god ( battle1 & ! ,cross1 ! holy sign ( ,*ri/ian ,r$emption1 a bann] ( bloody /rife4 4 4 4 4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ advance to ! milit>y ,*ri/ianity ( ! middle ages1 a modification ( ! pure religion ( ! ,gospel1 if directly oppos$ to its g5u9e pr9ciples1 /ill app>5tly indisp5sable to ! social progress ( m54#agc3a ,on ! o!r h&1 a popul> lead] may g ?r\gh a v>iety ( pr(essions1 he may c\rt p>ties & break ) !m1 he may contradict himself 9 words1 & undo 8 own measures1 yet !re may be a /eady fulfilm5t ( c]ta9 objects1 or adh]5ce to c]ta9 pla9 doctr9es1 :i* gives a unity to 8 c>e]1 & impresses on behold]s an image ( directness & l>ge consi/5cy :i* %[s a fidelity to 8 type f fir/ to la/4 #d4 ,h[ev]1 z ! la/ in/ances sugge/ to u1 ?is unity ( type1 *>act]i/ic z x is ( fai?ful developm5ts1 mu/ n be press$ to ! ext5t ( d5y+ all v>iation1 nay1 consid]able alt]ation ( proportion & relation1 z "t goes on1 9 ! p>ts or aspects ( an idea4 ,great *anges 9 outw>d appe>ance & int]nal h>mony occur 9 ! in/ance ( ! animal creation itself4 ,! fl$g$ bird diff]s mu* f its rudim5tal =m 9 ! egg4 ,! butt]fly is ! developm5t1 b n 9 any s5se ! image1 ( ! grub4 ,! :ale claims a place among mammalia1 ?\gh we might fancy t1 z 9 ! *ild's game ( catscradle1 "s /range introsusception _h be5 p]mitt$1 to make x s l1 yet s contr>y1 to ! animals ) :i* x is itself class$4 ,&1 9 l mann]1 if bea/s ( prey 7 once 9 p>adise1 & f$ ^u grass1 !y mu/ h pres5t$ bodily ph5om5a v diff]5t f ! /ructure ( muscles1 claws1 tee?1 & visc]a :i* n[ fit !m = a c>nivor\s exi/5ce4 ,euty*ius1 ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople1 on 8 dea?-b$1 grasp$ 8 own h& & said1 ,i confess t 9 ?is fle% we %all all rise aga92 yet fle% & blood _c inh]it ! k+dom ( ,god1 & a glorifi$ body has attributes incompatible ) its pres5t condition on e>?4 #e4 ,m subtle /ill & my/]i\s are ! v>iations :i* are consi/5t or n inconsi/5t ) id5tity 9 political & religi\s developm5ts4 ,! ,ca?olic doctr9e ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity has ev] be5 accus$ by h]etics ( int]f]+ ) t ( ! ,div9e ,unity out ( :i* x grew1 & ev5 believ]s w at fir/ sight consid] t x t5ds to obscure x4 ,yet ,petavius says1 ,i w affirm1 :at p]haps w surprise ! read]1 t t di/9ction ( ,p]sons :i*1 9 reg>d to proprietates is 9 reality mo/ great1 is s f> f disp>ag+ ! ,unity & ,simplicity ( ,god t ?is v real di/9ction especially avails = ! doctr9e t ,god is ,"o & mo/ ,simple4#agd3a ,aga91 ,arius ass]t$ t ! ,second ,p]son ( ! ,bless$ ,tr9ity 0 n able to compreh5d ! ,fir/1 :]eas ,eunomius's *>act]i/ic t5et 0 9 an opposite direction1 viz41 t n only ! ,son1 b t all m5 c\ld compreh5d ,god2 yet no "o c d\bt t ,eunomianism 0 a true developm5t1 n a corruption ( ,arianism4 ,! same man may run ?r\gh v>i\s philosophies or beliefs1 :i* are 9 !mselves irreconcilable1 )\t inconsi/5cy1 s9ce 9 him !y may be no?+ m ?an accid5tal in/rum5ts or expressions ( :at he is inw>dly f fir/ to la/4 ,! political doctr9es ( ! mod]n ,tory resemble ^? ( ! primitive ,:ig2 yet few w d5y t ! ,:ig & ,tory *>act]s h ea* a discrim9at+ type4 ,calv9ism has *ang$ into ,unit>ianism3 yet ?is ne$ n be call$ a corruption1 ev5 if x be n1 /rictly speak+1 a developm5t2 = ,h>d+1 9 controv]sy ) ,jewell1 surmis$ ! com+ *ange ?ree c5turies s9ce1 & x has occurr$ n 9 "o c\ntry1 b 9 _m4 #f4 ,! hi/ory ( national "* supplies an analogy1 r ?an an in/ance /rictly 9 po9t2 yet !re is s close a connexion betwe5 ! developm5t ( m9ds & ( ideas t x is all[able to ref] to x "h4 ,?us we f9d ,engl& ( old ! mo/ loyal support]1 & ,engl& ( late ! mo/ jeal\s enemy1 ( ! ,holy ,see4 ,z great a *ange is exhibit$ 9 ,france1 once ! elde/ born ( ! ,*ur* & ! fl[] ( h] knigh?ood1 n[ democratic & lately infidel4 ,yet1 9 nei!r nation1 c ^! great *anges be well call$ corruptions4 ,or aga91 let u reflect on ! e?ical vicissitudes ( ! *os5 p4 ,h[ diff]5t is _! grovell+ & c[>dly temp] on leav+ ,egypt f ! *ivalr\s _s1 z x may be call$1 ( ! age ( ,david1 or1 aga91 f ! bloody fanaticism :i* brav$ ,titus & ,hadrian6 ,9 :at contra/ is t impot5ce ( m9d :i* gave way at once1 & b[$ ! knee1 at ! v sight ( a pagan idol1 ) ! /]n iconoclasm & bigot$ nationality ( lat] ,judaism6 ,h[ />tl+ ! app>5t abs5ce ( :at w\ld be call$ tal5t 9 ?is p dur+ _! sup]natural ,disp5sation1 comp>$ ) ! gifts ( m9d :i* v>i\s witnesses assign to !m n[6 #g4 ,&1 9 l mann]1 ideas may rema91 :5 ! expression ( !m is indef9itely v>i$2 & we _c det]m9e :e!r a pr(ess$ developm5t is truly su* or n1 )\t fur!r k ?an an exp]i5ce ( ! m]e fact ( ?is v>iation4 ,nor w our in/9ctive feel+s s]ve z a crit]ion4 ,x mu/ h be5 an extreme %ock to ,/4 ,pet] to be told he mu/ slay & eat bea/s1 unclean z well z clean1 ?\gh su* a comm& 0 impli$ already 9 t fai? :i* he held & taught2 a %ock1 :i* a s+le ef=t1 or a %ort p]iod1 or ! =ce ( reason w\ld n suffice to ov]come4 ,nay1 x may happ5 t a repres5tation :i* v>ies f its orig9al may be felt z m true & fai?ful ?an "o :i* has m pret5sions to be exact4 ,s x is ) _m a portrait :i* is n /rik+3 at fir/ look1 ( c\rse1 x disappo9ts u2 b :5 we are famili> ) x1 we see 9 x :at we c\ld n see at fir/1 & pref] x1 n to a p]fect lik5ess1 b to _m a sket* :i* is s precise z to be a c>icature4 #h4 ,on ! o!r h&1 real p]v]sions & corruptions are (t5 n s unlike ext]nally to ! doctr9e f :i* !y come1 z are *anges :i* are consi/5t ) x & true developm5ts4 ,:5 ,rome *ang$ f a ,republic to an ,empire1 x 0 a real alt]ation ( polity1 or :at may be call$ a corruption2 yet 9 appe>ance ! *ange 0 small4 ,! old (fices or functions ( gov]nm5t rema9$3 x 0 only t ! ,imp]ator1 or ,comm&] 9 ,*ief1 conc5trat$ !m 9 8 own p]son4 ,augu/us 0 ,consul & ,tribune1 ,supreme ,pontiff & ,c5sor1 & ! ,imp]ial rule 01 9 ! words ( ,gibbon1 an absolute mon>*y disguis$ by ! =ms ( a commonweal?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ! dissimulation ( ,augu/us 0 ex*ang$ = ! o/5tation ( ,dioclesian1 ! real alt]ation ( con/itution 0 trivial1 b ! appe>ance ( *ange 0 great4 ,in/ead ( pla9 ,consul1 ,c5sor1 & ,tribune1 ,dioclesian became ,dom9us or ,k+1 assum$ ! diadem1 & ?rew ar\nd him ! =ms ( a c\rt4 ,nay1 "o cause ( corruption 9 religion is ! refusal to foll[ ! c\rse ( doctr9e z x moves on1 & an ob/9acy 9 ! notions ( ! pa/4 ,c]ta9ly3 z we see conspicu\sly 9 ! hi/ory ( ! *os5 race4 ,! ,sam>itans :o refus$ to add ! ,prophets to ! ,law1 & ! ,sadducees :o d5i$ a tru? :i* 0 cov]tly taught 9 ! ,book ( ,exodus1 7 9 appe>ance only fai?ful adh]5ts to ! primitive doctr9e4 ,our ,"l f\nd ,8 p precisians 9 _! ob$i5ce to ! lett]2 ,he condemn$ !m = n be+ l$ on to its _s1 t is1 to its developm5ts4 ,! ,gospel is ! developm5t ( ! ,law2 yet :at diff]5ce seems wid] ?an t :i* sep>ates ! unb5d+ rule ( ,moses f ! grace & tru? :i* came by ,jesus ,*ri/8 ,samuel _h ( old "t fanci$ t ! tall ,eliab 0 ! ,"l's ano9t$2 & ,jesse _h ?\ght ,david only fit = ! %eepcote2 & :5 ! ,great ,k+ came1 ,he 0 z a root out ( a dry gr\nd2 b /r5g? came out ( weakness1 & out ( ! /rong sweetness4 ,s x is 9 ! case ( our fri5ds2 ! mo/ obsequi\s are n always ! true/1 & seem+ cruelty is (t5 g5u9e affection4 ,we "k ! conduct ( ! ?ree daught]s 9 ! drama t[>ds ! old k+4 ,%e :o _h f\nd h] love m ri*] ?an h] tongue1 & c\ld n heave h] he>t into h] m\?1 0 9 ! ev5t alone true to h] fa!r4 #i4 ,an idea !n does n always be> ab\t x ! same ext]nal image2 ?is circum/ance1 h[ev]1 has no =ce to weak5 ! argum5t = its sub/antial id5tity1 z drawn f its ext]nal sam5ess1 :5 su* sam5ess rema9s4 ,on ! contr>y1 = t v reason1 unity ( type becomes s mu* ! sur] gu>antee ( ! heal?9ess & s\ndness ( developm5ts1 :5 x is p]si/5tly pres]v$ 9 spite ( _! numb] or importance4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,,second ,,note4 ,,cont9uity ,,( ,,pr9ciples4 ,z 9 ma!matical creations figures are =m$ on di/9ct =mul1 :i* are ! laws "u :i* !y are develop$1 s x is 9 e?ical & political subjects4 ,doctr9es exp& v>i\sly accord+ to ! m9d1 individual or social1 into :i* !y are receiv$2 & ! peculi>ities ( ! recipi5t are ! regulat+ p[]1 ! law1 ! organization1 or1 z x may be call$1 ! =m ( ! developm5t4 ,! life ( doctr9es may be said to consi/ 9 ! law or pr9ciple :i* !y embody4 ,pr9ciples are ab/ract & g5]al1 doctr9es relate to facts2 doctr9es develope1 & pr9ciples at fir/ sight d n2 doctr9es gr[ & are enl>g$1 pr9ciples are p]man5t2 doctr9es are intellectual1 & pr9ciples are m imm$iately e?ical & practical4 ,sy/ems live 9 pr9ciples & repres5t doctr9es4 ,p]sonal responsibility is a pr9ciple1 ! ,be+ ( a ,god is a doctr9e2 f t doctr9e all !ology has come 9 due c\rse1 :]eas t pr9ciple is n cle>] "u ! ,gospel ?an 9 p>adise1 & dep5ds1 n on belief 9 an ,almighty ,gov]nor1 b on consci5ce4 ,yet ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two sometimes m]ely exi/s 9 our mode ( view+ !m2 & :at is a doctr9e 9 "o philosophy is a pr9ciple 9 ano!r4 ,p]sonal responsibility may be made a doctr9al basis1 & develope into ,arm9ianism or ,pelagianism4 ,aga91 x may be discuss$ :e!r infallibility is a pr9ciple or a doctr9e ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 & dogmatism a pr9ciple or doctr9e ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,aga91 consid]ation = ! poor is a doctr9e ( ! ,*ur* consid]$ z a religi\s body1 & a pr9ciple :5 %e is view$ z a political p[]4 ,doctr9es /& to pr9ciples1 z ! def9itions to ! axioms & po/ulates ( ma!matics4 ,?us ! #ae? & #ag? propositions ( ,euclid's book ,i4 are developm5ts1 n ( ! ?ree fir/ axioms1 :i* are requir$ 9 ! pro(1 b ( ! def9ition ( a "r angle4 ,p]haps ! p]plexity1 :i* arises 9 ! m9d ( a beg9n]1 on le>n+ ! e>ly propositions ( ! second book1 arises f ^! be+ m prom95tly exemplifications ( axioms ?an developm5ts ( def9itions4 ,he looks = developm5ts f ! def9ition ( ! rectangle1 & f9ds b v>i\s p>ticul> cases ( ! g5]al tru?1 t ! :ole is equal to its p>ts4 #b4 ,x might be expect$ t ! ,ca?olic pr9ciples w\ld be lat] 9 developm5t ?an ! ,ca?olic doctr9es1 inasmu* z !y lie deep] 9 ! m9d1 & are assumptions r ?an objective pr(essions4 ,?is has be5 ! case4 ,! ,prote/ant controv]sy has ma9ly turn$1 or is turn+1 on "o or o!r ( ! pr9ciples ( ,ca?olicity2 & to ?is day ! rule ( ,scripture ,int]pretation1 ! doctr9e ( ,inspiration1 ! relation ( ,fai? to ,reason1 moral responsibility1 private judgm5t1 inh]5t grace1 ! seat ( infallibility1 rema91 ,i suppose1 m or less undevelop$1 or1 at lea/1 undef9$1 by ! ,*ur*4 ,doctr9es /& to pr9ciples1 if x may be said )\t fancifulness1 z fecundity view$ relatively to g5]ation1 ?\gh ?is analogy mu/ n be /ra9$4 ,doctr9es are develop$ by ! op]ation ( pr9ciples1 & develope v>i\sly accord+ to ^? pr9ciples4 ,?us a belief 9 ! transitiv5ess ( worldly goods leads ! ,epicurean to enjoym5t1 & ! ascetic to mortification2 &1 f _! common doctr9e ( ! s9fulness ( matt]1 ! ,alex&rian ,gno/ics became s5suali/s1 & ! ,syrian devotees4 ,! same philosophical elem5ts1 receiv$ into a c]ta9 s5sibility or ins5sibility to s9 & its consequ5ces1 leads "o m9d to ! ,*ur* ( ,rome2 ano!r to :at1 = want ( a bett] ^w1 may be call$ ,g]manism4 ,aga91 religi\s inve/igation sometimes is conduct$ on ! pr9ciple t x is a duty to foll[ & speak ! tru?1 :i* really means t x is no duty to fe> error1 or to consid] :at is safe/1 or to %r9k f scatt]+ d\bts1 or to reg>d ! responsibility ( mislead+2 & ?us x t]m9ates 9 h]esy or infidelity1 )\t any blame to religi\s inve/igation 9 itself4 ,aga91 to take a diff]5t subject1 :at con/itutes a *ief int]e/ ( dramatic compositions & tales1 is to use ext]nal circum/ances1 :i* may be consid]$ _! law ( developm5t1 z a means ( br++ out into diff]5t %apes1 & %[+ "u new aspects1 ! p]sonal peculi>ities ( "*1 accord+ z ei!r ^? circum/ances or ^? peculi>ities v>y 9 ! case ( ! p]sonages introduc$4 #c4 ,pr9ciples are popul>ly said to develope :5 !y are b exemplifi$2 ?us ! v>i\s sects ( ,prote/antism1 unconnect$ z !y are ) ea* o!r1 are call$ developm5ts ( ! pr9ciple ( ,private ,judgm5t1 ( :i* really !y are b applications & results4 ,a developm5t1 to be fai?ful1 mu/ reta9 bo? ! doctr9e & ! pr9ciple ) :i* x />t$4 ,doctr9e )\t its correspond5t pr9ciple rema9s b>r51 if n lifeless1 ( :i* ! ,greek ,*ur* seems an in/ance2 or x =ms ^? holl[ pr(essions :i* are famili>ly call$ %ams1 z a zeal = an e/abli%$ ,*ur* & its cre$ on m]ely cons]vative or temporal motives4 ,su*1 too1 0 ! ,roman ,con/itution betwe5 ! reigns ( ,augu/us & ,dioclesian4 ,on ! o!r h&1 pr9ciple )\t its correspond+ doctr9e may be consid]$ z ! /ate ( religi\s m9ds 9 ! hea!n _w1 view$ relatively to ,revelation2 t is1 ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god :o are scatt]$ abroad4 ,pagans may h1 h]etics _c h1 ! same pr9ciples z ,ca?olics2 if ! latt] h ! same1 !y are n real h]etics1 b 9 ignorance4 ,pr9ciple is a bett] te/ ( h]esy ?an doctr9e4 ,h]etics are true to _! pr9ciples1 b *ange to & fro1 backw>ds & =w>ds1 9 op9ion2 = v opposite doctr9es may be exemplifications ( ! same pr9ciple4 ,?us ! ,antio*5es & o!r h]etics sometimes 7 ,arians1 sometimes ,sabellians1 sometimes ,ne/orians1 sometimes ,monophysites1 z if at r&om1 f fidelity to _! common pr9ciple1 t !re is no my/]y 9 !ology4 ,?us ,calv9i/s become ,unit>ians f ! pr9ciple ( private judgm5t4 ,! doctr9es ( h]esy are accid5ts & soon run to an end2 its pr9ciples are ev]la/+4 ,?is1 too1 is (t5 ! solution ( ! p>adox ,extremes meet1 & ( ! />tl+ reactions :i* take place 9 individuals2 viz41 ! pres5ce ( "s "o pr9ciple or condition1 :i* is dom9ant 9 _! m9ds f fir/ to la/4 ,if "o ( two contradictory alt]natives be necess>ily true on a c]ta9 hypo!sis1 !n ! d5ial ( ! "o leads1 by m]e logical consi/5cy & )\t direct reasons1 to a reception ( ! o!r4 ,?us ! "q betwe5 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome & ,prote/antism falls 9 "s m9ds into ! proposition1 ,rome is ei!r ! pill> & gr\nd ( ! ,tru?1 or %e is ,anti*ri/2 9 proportion1 !n1 z !y revolt f consid]+ h] ! latt] are !y compell$ to receive h] z ! =m]4 ,h5ce1 too1 m5 may pass f infidelity to ,rome1 & f ,rome to infidelity1 f a conviction 9 bo? c\rses t !re is no tangible intellectual position betwe5 ! two4 ,prote/antism1 view$ 9 its m ,ca?olic aspect1 is doctr9e )\t active pr9ciple2 view$ 9 its h]etical1 x is active pr9ciple )\t doctr9e4 ,_m ( its speak]s1 = in/ance1 use eloqu5t & gl[+ language ab\t ! ,*ur* & its *>act]i/ics3 "s ( !m d n realize :at !y say1 b use high words & g5]al /atem5ts ab\t ! fai?1 & primitive tru?1 & s*ism1 & h]esy1 to :i* !y atta* no def9ite mean+2 :ile o!rs speak ( unity1 univ]sality1 & ,ca?olicity1 & use ! words 9 _! own s5se & = _! own ideas4 #d4 ,! sci5ce ( gramm> af=ds ano!r in/ance ( ! exi/5ce ( special laws 9 ! =mation ( sy/ems4 ,"s languages h m ela/icity ?an o!rs1 & great] capabilities2 & ! difficulty ( expla9+ ! fact _c lead u to d\bt x4 ,!re are languages1 = in/ance1 :i* h a capacity = comp\nd words1 :i*1 we _c tell :y1 is 9 matt] ( fact d5i$ to o!rs4 ,we feel ! pres5ce ( a c]ta9 "* or g5ius 9 ea*1 :i* det]m9es its pa? & its range2 & to discov] & ent] into x is "o "p ( ref9$ s*ol>%ip4 ,& :5 p>ticul> writ]s1 9 consequ5ce p]haps ( "s !ory1 tax a language beyond its p[]s1 ! failure is conspicu\s4 ,v subtle1 too1 & difficult to draw out1 are ! pr9ciples on :i* dep5ds ! =mation ( prop] names 9 a p>ticul> p4 ,9 works ( fiction1 names or titles1 significant or ludicr\s1 mu/ be inv5t$ = ! *>act]s introduc$2 & "s au?ors excel 9 _! fabrication1 :ile o!rs are equally un=tunate4 ,=eign novels1 p]haps1 attempt to frame ,engli% surnames1 & signally fail2 yet :at e "o feels to be ! case1 no "o c analyze3 t is1 our surnames are con/ruct$ on a law :i* is only exhibit$ 9 p>ticul> in/ances1 & :i* rules _! =mation on c]ta91 ?\gh subtle1 det]m9ations4 ,& s 9 philosophy1 ! sy/ems ( physics or morals1 :i* g by celebrat$ names1 proce$ ^u ! assumption ( c]ta9 conditions :i* are necess>y = e /age ( _! developm5t4 ,! ,newtonian !ory ( gravitation is bas$ on c]ta9 axioms2 = in/ance1 t ! fewe/ causes assignable = ph5om5a are ! true ones3 & ! application ( sci5ce to practical purposes dep5ds ^u ! hypo!sis t :at happ5s to-day w happ5 to-morr[4 ,& s 9 milit>y matt]s1 ! discov]y ( gunp[d] develop$ ! sci5ce ( attack & def5ce 9 a new in/rum5tality4 ,aga91 x is said t :5 ,napoleon began 8 c>e] ( victories1 ! enemy's g5]als pron\nc$ t 8 battles 7 f\ght aga9/ rule1 & t he ought n to be victori\s4 #e4 ,s /ates h _! respective policies1 on :i* !y move =w>d1 & :i* are ! conditions ( _! well-be+4 ,?us x is sometimes said t ! true policy ( ! ,am]ican ,union1 or ! law ( its prosp]ity1 is n ! enl>gem5t ( its t]ritory1 b ! cultivation ( its int]nal res\rces4 ,?us ,russia is said to be weak 9 attack1 /rong 9 def5ce1 & to gr[1 n by ! sword1 b by diplomacy4 ,?us ,islamism is said to be ! =m or life ( ! ,ottoman1 & ,prote/antism ( ! ,briti% ,empire1 & ! admission ( ,european ideas into ! "o1 or ( ,ca?olic ideas into ! o!r1 to be ! de/ruction ( ! respective conditions ( _! p[]4 ,?us ,augu/us & ,tib]ius gov]n$ by dissimulation2 ?us ,p]icles 9 8 ,fun]al ,oration draws out ! pr9ciples ( ! ,a!nian commonweal?1 viz41 t x is c>ri$ on1 n by =mal & sev]e enactm5ts1 b by ! e?ical "* & spontane\s en]gy ( ! p4 ,! political pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity1 if x be "r to use su* words ( a div9e polity1 are laid d[n = u 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,contr>iwise to o!r empires1 ,*ri/ians conqu] by yield+2 !y ga9 influ5ce by %r9k+ f x2 !y possess ! e>? by r5\nc+ x4 ,gibbon speaks ( ! vices ( ! cl]gy z be+ to a philosophic eye f> less dang]\s ?an _! virtues4#ahd3a ,aga91 z to ,judaism1 x may be ask$ on :at law x develop$2 t is1 :e!r ,mahometanism may n be consid]$ z a sort ( ,judaism1 z =m$ by ! pres5ce ( a diff]5t class ( influ5ces4 ,9 ?is contra/ betwe5 !m1 p]haps x may be said t ! expectation ( a ,messiah 0 ! pr9ciple or law :i* exp&$ ! elem5ts1 almo/ common to ,judaism ) ,mahometanism1 into _! respective *>act]i/ic %apes4 ,"o ( ! po9ts ( discipl9e to :i* ,wesley atta*$ mo/ importance 0 t ( prea*+ e>ly 9 ! morn+4 ,?is 0 8 pr9ciple4 ,9 ,georgia1 he began prea*+ at five o'clock e day1 w9t] & summ]4 ,e>ly prea*+1 he said1 is ! glory ( ! ,me?odi/s2 :5ev] ?is is dropt1 !y w dw9dle away into no?+1 !y h lo/ _! fir/ love1 !y are a fall5 p4 #f4 ,n[1 ^! in/ances %[1 z has be5 incid5tally obs]v$ ( "s ( !m1 t ! de/ruction ( ! special laws or pr9ciples ( a developm5t is its corruption4 ,?us1 z to nations1 :5 we talk ( ! _s ( a p be+ lo/1 we d n mean t ?is or t act has be5 committ$1 or measure c>ri$1 b t c]ta9 l9es ( ?\ght or conduct by :i* x has gr[n great are ab&on$4 ,?us ! ,roman ,poets consid] _! ,/ate 9 c\rse ( ru9 because its prisci mores & pietas 7 fail+4 ,& s we speak ( c\ntries or p]sons z be+ 9 a false position1 :5 !y take up a c\rse ( policy1 or assume a pr(ession1 inconsi/5t ) _! natural int]e/s or real "*4 ,judaism1 aga91 0 reject$ :5 x reject$ ! ,messiah4 ,?us ! cont9uity or ! alt]ation ( ! pr9ciples on :i* an idea has develop$ is a second m>k ( discrim9ation betwe5 a true developm5t & a corruption4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,,?ird ,,note4 ,,p[] ,,( ,,assimilation4 ,9 ! physical _w1 :atev] has life is *>act]iz$ by gr[?1 s t 9 no respect to gr[ is to cease to live4 ,x gr[s by tak+ into its own sub/ance ext]nal mat]ials2 & ?is absorption or assimilation is complet$ :5 ! mat]ials appropriat$ come to belong to x or ent] into its unity4 ,two ?+s _c become "o1 except !re be a p[] ( assimilation 9 "o or ! o!r4 ,sometimes assimilation is effect$ only ) an ef=t2 x is possible to die ( repletion1 & !re are animals :o lie torpid = a "t "u ! conte/ betwe5 ! =eign sub/ance & ! assimilat+ p[]4 ,& diff]5t food is prop] = diff]5t recipi5ts4 ,?is analogy may be tak5 to illu/rate c]ta9 peculi>ities 9 ! gr[? or developm5t 9 ideas1 :i* 7 notic$ 9 ! fir/ ,*apt]4 ,x is o!rwise ) ma!matical & o!r ab/ract creations1 :i*1 l ! s\l itself1 are solit>y & self-dep5d5t2 b doctr9es & views :i* relate to man are n plac$ 9 a void1 b 9 ! cr[d$ _w1 & make way = !mselves by int]p5etration1 & develope by absorption4 ,facts & op9ions1 :i* h hi!rto be5 reg>d$ 9 o!r relations & gr\p$ r\nd o!r c5tres1 h5ce=? are gradually attract$ to a new influ5ce & subject$ to a new sov]eign4 ,!y are modifi$1 laid d[n afre%1 ?ru/ aside1 z ! case may be4 ,a new elem5t ( ord] & composition has come among !m2 & its life is prov$ by ?is capacity ( expansion1 )\t dis>rangem5t or dissolution4 ,an eclectic1 cons]vative1 assimilat+1 heal+1 m\ld+ process1 a unitive p[]1 is ( ! ess5ce1 & a ?ird te/1 ( a fai?ful developm5t4 #b4 ,?us1 a p[] ( developm5t is a pro( ( life1 n only 9 its essay1 b especially 9 its success2 = a m]e =mula ei!r does n exp& or is %att]$ 9 exp&+4 ,a liv+ idea becomes _m1 yet rema9s "o4 ,! attempt at developm5t %[s ! pres5ce ( a pr9ciple1 & its success ! pres5ce ( an idea4 ,pr9ciples /imulate ?\ght1 & an idea conc5trates x4 ,! idea nev] 0 t ?rove & la/$1 yet1 l ma!matical tru?1 incorporat$ no?+ f ext]nal s\rces4 ,s f> f ! fact ( su* incorporation imply+ corruption1 z is sometimes suppos$1 developm5t is a process ( incorporation4 ,mahometanism may be 9 ext]nal developm5ts sc>cely m ?an a comp\nd ( o!r !ologies1 yet no "o w\ld d5y t !re has be5 a liv+ idea some:]e 9 a religion1 :i* has be5 s /rong1 s wide1 s la/+ a bond ( union 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,:y x has n cont9u$ to develope aft] its fir/ prea*+1 if ?is be ! case1 z x seems to be1 _c be det]m9$ )\t a great] k ( t religion1 & h[ f> x is m]ely political1 h[ f> !ological1 ?an we commonly possess4 #c4 ,9 ,*ri/ianity1 op9ion1 :ile a raw mat]ial1 is call$ philosophy or s*ola/icism2 :5 a reject$ refuse1 x is call$ h]esy4 ,ideas are m op5 to an ext]nal bias 9 _! comm5cem5t ?an aft]w>ds2 h5ce ! great majority ( writ]s :o consid] ! ,m$ieval ,*ur* corrupt1 trace its corruption to ! fir/ f\r c5turies1 n to :at are call$ ! d>k ages4 ,t an idea m readily coalesces ) ^! ideas ?an ) ^? does n %[ t x has be5 unduly influ5c$1 t is1 corrupt$ by !m1 b t x has an antec$5t aff9ity to !m4 ,at lea/ x %all be assum$ "h t1 :5 ! ,gospels speak ( virtue go+ out ( our ,"l1 & ( ,8 heal+ ) ! clay :i* ,8 lips _h moi/5$1 !y af=d in/ances1 n ( a p]v]sion ( ,*ri/ianity1 b ( aff9ity to notions :i* 7 ext]nal to x2 & t ,/4 ,paul 0 n biass$ by ,ori5talism1 ?\gh he said1 aft] ! mann] ( "s ,ea/]n sects1 t x 0 excell5t n to t\* a woman4 #d4 ,?us 9 politics1 too1 ideas are sometimes propos$1 discuss$1 reject$1 or adopt$1 z x may happ51 & sometimes !y are %[n to be unmean+ & impossible2 sometimes !y are true1 b p>tially s1 or 9 subord9ation to o!r ideas1 ) :i*1 9 consequ5ce1 !y are z :oles or 9 "p incorporat$1 z f> z ^! h aff9ities to !m1 ! p[] to incorporate be+ ?us recogniz$ z a prop]ty ( life4 ,mr4 ,b5?am's sy/em 0 an attempt to make ! circle ( legal & moral tru?s developm5ts ( c]ta9 pr9ciples ( 8 own2--^? pr9ciples ( 8 may1 if x s happ51 prove unequal to ! weight ( tru?s :i* are et]nal1 & ! sy/em f\nd$ on !m may break into pieces2 or aga91 a ,/ate may absorb c]ta9 ( !m1 = :i* x has aff9ity1 t is1 x may develope 9 ,b5?amism1 yet rema9 9 sub/ance :at x 0 be=e4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution we read ( _m middle p>ties1 :o attempt$ to =m !ories ( con/itutions %ort ( ^? :i* !y w\ld call extreme1 & successively fail$ f ! want ( p[] or reality 9 _! *>act]i/ic ideas4 ,! ,semi-arians attempt$ a middle way betwe5 or?odoxy & h]esy1 b c\ld n /& _! gr\nd2 at l5g? "p fell into ,mac$onianism1 & "p jo9$ ! ,*ur*4 #e4 ,! /rong] & m liv+ is an idea1 t is1 ! m p[]ful hold x ex]cises on ! m9ds ( m51 ! m able is x to disp5se ) safegu>ds1 & tru/ to itself aga9/ ! dang] ( corruption4 ,z /rong frames exult 9 _! agility1 & heal?y con/itutions ?r[ (f ailm5ts1 s p>ties or s*ools t live c af=d to be ra%1 & w sometimes be betray$ into extravagances1 yet are br\ght "r by _! inh]5t vig\r4 ,on ! o!r h&1 unreal sy/ems are commonly dec5t ext]nally4 ,=ms1 subscriptions1 or ,articles ( religion are indisp5sable :5 ! pr9ciple ( life is weakly4 ,?us ,presbyt]ianism has ma9ta9$ its orig9al !ology 9 ,scotl& :]e legal subscriptions are en=c$1 :ile x has run into ,arianism or ,unit>ianism :]e t protection is away4 ,we h yet to see :e!r ! ,free ,kirk c keep its pres5t !ological gr\nd4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,rome c consult exp$i5ce m freely ?an o!r bodies1 z tru/+ to h] liv+ tradition1 & is sometimes ?\ght to disreg>d pr9ciple & scruple1 :5 %e is b disp5s+ ) =ms4 ,?us ,sa9ts are (t5 *>act]iz$ by acts :i* are no patt]n = o!rs2 & ! mo/ gift$ m5 are1 by reason ( _! v gifts1 sometimes l$ into fatal inadv]t5ces4 ,h5ce v[s are ! wise def5ce ( un/able virtue1 & g5]al rules ! refuge ( feeble au?ority4 ,& s mu* may suffice on ! unitive p[] ( fai?ful developm5ts1 :i* con/itutes _! ?ird *>act]i/ic4 ,,section ,,iv4 ,,f\r? ,,note4 ,,logical ,,sequ5ce4 ,logic is ! organization ( ?\ght1 &1 z be+ su*1 is a security = ! fai?fulness ( intellectual developm5ts2 & ! necessity ( us+ x is und5iable z f> z ?is1 t its rules mu/ n be transgress$4 ,t x is n br\ght into ex]cise 9 e in/ance ( doctr9al developm5t is ow+ to ! v>ieties ( m5tal con/itution1 :e!r 9 communities or 9 individuals1 ) :om great tru?s or seem+ tru?s are lodg$4 ,! "q inde$ may be ask$ :e!r a developm5t c be o!r 9 any case ?an a logical op]ation2 b1 if by ?is is meant a consci\s reason+ f premisses to conclusion1 ( c\rse ! answ] mu/ be 9 ! negative4 ,an idea "u "o or o!r ( its aspects gr[s 9 ! m9d by rema9+ !re2 x becomes famili> & di/9ct1 & is view$ 9 its relations2 x leads to o!r aspects1 & ^! aga9 to o!rs1 subtle1 recondite1 orig9al1 accord+ to ! "*1 intellectual & moral1 ( ! recipi5t2 & ?us a body ( ?\ght is gradually =m$ )\t 8 recogniz+ :at is go+ on )9 him4 ,& all ?is :ile1 or at lea/ f "t to "t1 ext]nal circum/ances elicit into =mal /atem5t ! ?\ghts :i* are com+ into be+ 9 ! dep?s ( 8 m9d2 & soon he has to beg9 to def5d !m2 & !n aga9 a fur!r process mu/ take place1 ( analyz+ 8 /atem5ts & asc]ta9+ _! dep5d5ce "o on ano!r4 ,& ?us he is l$ to reg>d z consequ5ces1 & to trace to pr9ciples1 :at hi!rto he has disc]n$ by a moral p]ception1 & adopt$ on sympa?y2 & logic is br\ght 9 to arrange & inculcate :at no sci5ce 0 employ$ 9 ga9+4 ,& s 9 ! same way1 su* intellectual processes1 z are c>ri$ on sil5tly & spontane\sly 9 ! m9d ( a p>ty or s*ool1 ( necessity come to light at a lat] date1 & are recogniz$1 & _! issues are sci5tifically arrang$4 ,& !n logic has ! fur!r function ( propagation2 analogy1 ! nature ( ! case1 antec$5t probability1 application ( pr9ciples1 congruity1 exp$i5ce1 be+ "s ( ! me?ods ( pro( by :i* ! developm5t is cont9u$ f m9d to m9d & e/abli%$ 9 ! fai? ( ! community4 ,yet ev5 !n ! analysis is n made on a pr9ciple1 or ) any view to its :ole c\rse & f9i%$ results4 ,ea* argum5t is br\ght = an imm$iate purpose2 m9ds develope /ep by /ep1 )\t look+ beh9d !m or anticipat+ _! goal1 & )\t ei!r int5tion or promise ( =m+ a sy/em4 ,aft]w>ds1 h[ev]1 ?is logical "* :i* ! :ole we>s becomes a te/ t ! process has be5 a true developm5t1 n a p]v]sion or corruption1 f its evid5t naturalness2 & 9 "s cases f ! gravity1 di/9ctness1 precision1 & maje/y ( its advance1 & ! h>mony ( its proportions1 l ! tall gr[?1 & graceful bran*+1 & ri* foliage1 ( "s vegetable production4 #b4 ,! process ( developm5t1 ?us capable ( a logical expression1 has sometimes be5 invidi\sly spok5 ( z rationalism & contra/$ ) fai?4 ,b1 ?\gh a p>ticul> doctr9e or op9ion :i* is subject$ to developm5t may happ5 to be rationali/ic1 &1 z is ! orig9al1 su* are its results3 & ?\gh we may develope errone\sly1 t is1 reason incorrectly1 yet ! develop+ itself z little des]ves t imputation 9 any case1 z an inquiry into an hi/orical fact1 :i* we d n !reby make b asc]ta91--= in/ance1 :e!r or n ,/4 ,m>k wrote 8 ,gospel ) ,/4 ,mat!w be=e him1 or :e!r ,solomon br\ght 8 m]*&ise f ,t>tessus or "s ,indian port4 ,rationalism is ! ex]cise ( reason in/ead ( fai? 9 matt]s ( fai?2 b "o does n see h[ x c be fai? to adopt ! premisses1 & unbelief to accept ! conclusion4 ,at ! same "t x may be grant$ t ! spontane\s process :i* goes on )9 ! m9d itself is high] & *oic] ?an t :i* is logical2 = ! latt]1 be+ sci5tific1 is common prop]ty1 & c be tak5 & made use ( by m9ds :o are p]sonally /rang]s1 9 any true s5se1 bo? to ! ideas 9 "q & to _! developm5t4 #c4 ,?us1 ! holy ,apo/les w\ld )\t words "k all ! tru?s conc]n+ ! high doctr9es ( !ology1 :i* controv]siali/s aft] !m h pi\sly & *>itably r$uc$ to =mul1 & develop$ ?r\gh argum5t4 ,?us1 ,/4 ,ju/9 or ,/4 ,ir5u might be )\t any dige/$ ideas ( ,purgatory or ,orig9al ,s91 yet h an int5se feel+1 :i* !y _h n def9$ or locat$1 bo? ( ! fault ( our fir/ nature & ! responsibilities ( our nature reg5]ate4 ,?us ,/4 ,antony said to ! philosoph]s :o came to mock him1 ,he ^: m9d is 9 heal? does n ne$ lett]s2 & ,/4 ,ignatius ,loyola1 :ile yet an unle>n$ neophyte1 0 fav\r$ ) transc5d5t p]ceptions ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity dur+ 8 p5ance at ,manresa4 ,?us ,/4 ,a?anasius himself is m p[]ful 9 /atem5t & exposition ?an 9 pro(2 :ile 9 ,bell>m9e we f9d ! :ole s]ies ( doctr9es c>efully drawn out1 duly adju/$ ) "o ano!r1 & exactly analyz$ "o by "o4 ,! hi/ory ( empires & ( public m5 supplies s _m in/ances ( logical developm5t 9 ! field ( politics1 t x is ne$less to d m ?an to ref] to "o ( !m4 ,x is illu/rat$ by ! words ( ,j]oboam1 ,n[ %all ?is k+dom return to ! h\se ( ,david1 if ?is p g up to d sacrifice 9 ! h\se ( ! ,"l at ,j]usalem4 4 4 ,:]e=e ! k+ took c\nsel & made two calves ( gold1 & said unto !m1 ,behold ?y gods1 ,o ,israel4 ,idolatry 0 a duty ( k+craft ) ! s*ismatical k+dom4 #d4 ,a specim5 ( logical developm5t is af=d$ u 9 ! hi/ory ( ,lu!ranism z x has ( late ye>s be5 drawn out by v>i\s ,engli% writ]s4 ,lu!r />t$ on a d\ble basis1 8 dogmatic pr9ciple be+ contradict$ by 8 "r ( private judgm5t1 & 8 sacram5tal by 8 !ory ( ju/ification4 ,! sacram5tal elem5t nev] %[$ signs ( life2 b on 8 dea?1 t :i* he repres5t$ 9 8 own p]son z a tea*]1 ! dogmatic1 ga9$ ! asc5dancy2 & e expression ( 8 ^u controv]t$ po9ts became a norm = ! p>ty1 :i*1 at all times ! l>ge/1 0 at la/ coext5sive ) ! ,*ur* itself4 ,?is almo/ idolatr\s v5]ation 0 p]haps increas$ by ! selection ( decl>ations ( fai?1 ( :i* ! sub/ance on ! :ole 0 81 = ! symbolical books ( 8 ,*ur*4#aic3a ,next a reaction took place2 private judgm5t 0 re/or$ to ! supremacy4 ,calixtus put reason1 & ,sp5] ! s-call$ religion ( ! he>t1 9 ! place ( dogmatic correctness4 ,pietism = ! "t di$ away2 b rationalism develop$ 9 ,wolf1 :o pr(ess$ to prove all ! or?odox doctr9es1 by a process ( reason+1 f premisses level ) ! reason4 ,x 0 soon f\nd t ! in/rum5t :i* ,wolf _h us$ = or?odoxy1 c\ld z plausibly be us$ aga9/ x2--9 8 h&s x _h prov$ ! ,cre$2 9 ! h&s ( ,seml]1 ,erne/i1 & o!rs1 x disprov$ ! au?ority ( ,scripture4 ,:at 0 religion to be made to consi/ 9 n[8 ,a sort ( philosophical ,pietism foll[$2 or r ,sp5]'s pietism & ! orig9al !ory ( ju/ification 7 analyz$ m ?or\ghly1 & issu$ 9 v>i\s !ories ( ,pan!ism1 :i* f ! fir/ 0 at ! bottom ( ,lu!r's doctr9e & p]sonal "*4 ,& ?is appe>s to be ! /ate ( ,lu!ranism at pres5t1 :e!r we view x 9 ! philosophy ( ,kant1 9 ! op5 infidelity ( ,/rauss1 or 9 ! religi\s pr(essions ( ! new ,evangelical ,*ur* ( ,prussia4 ,apply+ ?is in/ance to ! subject :i* x has be5 "h br\ght to illu/rate1 ,i %\ld say t ! equable & ord]ly m>* & natural succession ( views1 by :i* ! cre$ ( ,lu!r has be5 *ang$ into ! infidel or h]etical philosophy ( 8 pres5t repres5tatives1 is a pro( t t *ange is no p]v]sion or corruption1 b a fai?ful developm5t ( ! orig9al idea4 #e4 ,?is is b "o out ( _m in/ances ) :i* ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* supplies u4 ,! =tunes ( a !ological s*ool are made1 9 a lat] g5]ation1 ! measure ( ! tea*+ ( its f\nd]4 ,! great ,orig5 aft] 8 _m lab\rs di$ 9 peace2 8 imm$iate pupils 7 sa9ts & rul]s 9 ! ,*ur*2 he has ! praise ( ,/4 ,a?anasius1 ,/4 ,basil1 & ,/4 ,gregory ,nazianz51 & furni%es mat]ials to ,/4 ,ambrose & ,/4 ,hil>y2 yet1 z "t proce$$1 a def9ite het]odoxy 0 ! gr[+ result ( 8 !ology1 & at l5g?1 ?ree hundr$ ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 he 0 condemn$1 &1 z has g5]ally be5 consid]$1 9 an ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil4#aid3a ,diodorus ( ,t>sus1 says ,tillemont1 di$ at an advanc$ age1 9 ! peace ( ! ,*ur*1 hon\r$ by ! praises ( ! greate/ sa9ts1 & cr[n$ ) a glory1 :i*1 hav+ ev] att5d$ him ?r\gh life1 foll[$ him aft] 8 dea?2#aid3b yet ,/4 ,cyril ( ,alex&ria consid]s him & ,!odore ( ,mopsue/ia ! true au?ors ( ,ne/orianism1 & he 0 plac$ 9 ! ev5t by ! ,ne/orians among _! sa9ts4 ,!odore himself 0 condemn$ aft] 8 dea? by ! same ,c\ncil :i* is said to h condemn$ ,orig51 & is ju/ly consid]$ ! *ief rationaliz+ doctor ( ,antiquity2 yet he 0 9 ! highe/ repute 9 8 day1 & ! ,ea/]n ,synod compla9s1 z quot$ by ,facundus1 t ,bless$ ,!odore1 :o di$ s happily1 :o 0 s em95t a tea*] = five & =ty ye>s1 & ov]?rew e h]esy1 & 9 8 lifetime exp]i5c$ no imputation f ! or?odox1 n[ aft] 8 dea? s long ago1 aft] 8 _m conflicts1 aft] 8 t5 ?\s& books compos$ 9 refutation ( errors1 aft] 8 approval 9 ! sight ( prie/s1 emp]ors1 & p1 runs ! risk ( receiv+ ! rew>d ( h]etics1 & ( be+ call$ _! *ief4#aie3a ,!re is a c]ta9 cont9u\s advance & det]m9ate pa? :i* belong to ! hi/ory ( a doctr9e1 policy1 or in/itution1 & :i* impress ^u ! common s5se ( mank9d1 t :at x ultimately becomes is ! issue ( :at x 0 at fir/4 ,?is s5tim5t is express$ 9 ! prov]b1 n limit$ to ,lat91 ,exitus acta probat2 & is sanction$ by ,div9e wisdom1 :51 w>n+ u aga9/ false prophets1 x says1 ,ye %all "k !m by _! fruits4 ,a doctr9e1 !n1 pr(ess$ 9 its mature ye>s by a philosophy or religion1 is likely to be a true developm5t1 n a corruption1 9 proportion z x seems to be ! logical issue ( its orig9al tea*+4 ,,section ,v4 ,,fif? ,,note4 ,,anticipation ,,( ,,its ,,future4 ,s9ce1 :5 an idea is liv+1 t is1 influ5tial & effective1 x is sure to develope accord+ to its own nature1 & ! t5d5cies1 :i* are c>ri$ out on ! long run1 may "u fav\rable circum/ances %[ !mselves e>ly z well z late1 & logic is ! same 9 all ages1 in/ances ( a developm5t :i* is to come1 ?\gh vague & isolat$1 may occur f ! v fir/1 ?\gh a lapse ( "t be necess>y to br+ !m to p]fection4 ,& s9ce developm5ts are 9 great measure only aspects ( ! idea f :i* !y proce$1 & all ( !m are natural consequ5ces ( x1 x is (t5 a matt] ( accid5t 9 :at ord] !y are c>ri$ out 9 individual m9ds2 & x is 9 no wise /range t "h & !re def9ite specim5s ( advanc$ tea*+ %\ld v e>ly occur1 :i* 9 ! hi/orical c\rse are n f\nd till a late day4 ,! fact1 !n1 ( su* e>ly or recurr+ intimations ( t5d5cies :i* aft]w>ds are fully realiz$1 is a sort ( evid5ce t ^? lat] & m sy/ematic fulfilm5ts are only 9 accordance ) ! orig9al idea4 #b4 ,no?+ is m common1 = in/ance1 ?an acc\nts or leg5ds ( ! anticipations1 :i* great m5 h giv5 9 boyhood ( ! b5t ( _! m9ds1 z aft]w>ds display$ 9 _! hi/ory2 s mu* s t ! popul> expectation has sometimes l$ to ! inv5tion ( !m4 ,! *ild ,cyrus mimics a despot's p[]1 & ,/4 ,a?anasius is elect$ ,bi%op by 8 playfell[s4 ,x is noticeable t 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 :5 ! ,russians 7 b pirates ^u ! ,black ,sea1 ,con/ant9ople 0 _! aim2 & t a prophesy 0 9 circulation 9 t city t !y %\ld "o day ga9 possession ( x4 ,9 ! reign ( ,james ! ,fir/1 we h an obs]vable anticipation ( ! sy/em ( influ5ce 9 ! managem5t ( political p>ties1 :i* 0 develop$ by ,sir ,r4 ,walpole a c5tury aft]w>ds4 ,?is attempt is trac$ by a liv+ writ] to ! +5uity ( ,"l ,bacon4 ,he submitt$ to ! ,k+ t !re 7 exp$i5ts = m judici\sly manag+ a ,h\se ( ,commons2 4 4 t mu* might be done by =e?\ght t[>ds fill+ ! ,h\se ) well-affect$ p]sons1 w9n+ or bl9d+ ! lawy]s 4 4 & draw+ ! *ief con/itu5t bodies ( ! assembly1 ! c\ntry g5tlem51 ! m]*ants1 ! c\rti]s1 to act = ! ,k+'s advantage2 t x w\ld be exp$i5t to t5d] volunt>ily c]ta9 graces & modifications ( ! ,k+'s pr]ogative1 c4#aig3a ,! writ] adds1 ,?is circum/ance1 l sev]al o!rs 9 ! pres5t reign1 is curi\s1 z x %[s ! rise ( a sy/ematic p>liam5t>y influ5ce1 :i* 0 "o day to become ! ma9spr+ ( gov]nm5t4 #c4 ,arcesilas & ,c>neades1 ! f\nd]s ( ! lat] ,academy1 are kn[n to h innovat$ on ! ,platonic doctr9e by inculcat+ a univ]sal scepticism2 & !y did ?is1 z if on ! au?ority ( ,socrates1 :o _h adopt$ ! me?od ( ironia aga9/ ! ,sophi/s1 on _! pr(ess+ to "k ev]y?+4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 0 an insuffici5t plea4 ,h[ev]1 c\ld x be %[n t ,socrates did on "o or two occasions evid5ce delib]ate d\bts on ! great pr9ciples ( !ism or morals1 w\ld any "o d5y t ! innovation 9 "q _h gr\nds = be+ consid]$ a true developm5t1 n a corruption8 ,x is c]ta9 t1 9 ! idea ( ,mona*ism1 preval5t 9 anci5t times1 manual lab\r _h a m prom95t place ?an /udy2 s mu* s t ,de ,ranc1 ! celebrat$ ,abbot ( ,la ,trappe1 9 controv]sy ) ,mabillon1 ma9ta9$ 8 gr\nd ) great plausibility aga9/ ! latt]'s apology = ! lit]>y occupations = :i* ! ,b5$ict9es ( ,france are s fam\s4 ,nor c x be d5i$ t ! lab\rs ( su* z ,mabillon & ,montfaucon are at lea/ a developm5t ^u ! simplicity ( ! primitive in/itution4 ,& yet x is rem>kable t ,/4 ,pa*omius1 ! fir/ au?or ( a mona/ic rule1 enjo9$ a libr>y 9 ea* ( 8 h\ses1 & appo9t$ conf]5ces & disputations ?ree times a week on religi\s subjects1 int]pretation ( ,scripture1 or po9ts ( !ology4 ,/4 ,basil1 ! f\nd] ( ,mona*ism 9 ,pontus1 "o ( ! mo/ le>n$ ( ! ,greek ,fa!rs1 wrote 8 !ological treatises 9 ! int]vals ( agricultural lab\r4 ,/4 ,j]ome1 ! au?or ( ! ,lat9 v]sions ( ,scripture1 liv$ z a poor monk 9 a cell at ,be?lehem4 ,^!1 inde$1 7 b exceptions 9 ! "* ( e>ly ,mona*ism2 b !y sugge/ its capabilities & anticipate its hi/ory4 ,lit]ature is c]ta9ly n inconsi/5t ) its idea4 #d4 ,9 ! controv]sies ) ! ,gno/ics1 9 ! second c5tury1 /rik+ anticipations occasionally occur1 9 ! works ( _! ,ca?olic oppon5ts1 ( ! =mal dogmatic tea*+ develop$ 9 ! ,*ur* 9 ! c\rse ( ! ,ne/orian & ,monophysite controv]sies 9 ! fif?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,paul ( ,samosata1 "o ( ! fir/ disciples ( ! ,syrian s*ool ( !ology1 taught a h]esy suffici5tly l ,ne/orianism1 9 :i* t s*ool t]m9at$1 to be mi/ak5 = x 9 lat] times2 yet = a long :ile aft] him ! *>act]i/ic ( ! s*ool 0 ,arianism1 an opposite h]esy4 ,lu!ranism has by ?is "t become 9 mo/ places almo/ simple h]esy or infidelity2 x has t]m9at$1 if x has ev5 yet rea*$ its limit1 9 a d5ial bo? ( ! ,canon & ! ,cre$1 nay1 ( _m pr9ciples ( morals4 ,accord+ly ! "q arises1 :e!r ^! conclusions are 9 fairness to be connect$ ) its orig9al tea*+ or are a corruption4 ,& x is no little aid t[>ds its resolution to f9d t ,lu!r himself at "o "t reject$ ! ,apocalypse1 call$ ! ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,james /ram9ea1 condemn$ ! ^w ,tr9ity1 fell into a k9d ( ,euty*ianism 9 8 view ( ! ,holy ,eu*>i/1 & 9 a p>ticul> case sanction$ bigamy4 ,calv9ism1 aga91 9 v>i\s di/9ct c\ntries1 has become ,soc9ianism1 & ,calv9 himself seems to h d5i$ our ,"l's ,et]nal ,son%ip & ridicul$ ! ,nic5e ,cre$4 ,ano!r evid5ce1 !n1 ( ! fai?fulness ( an ultimate developm5t is its def9ite anticipation at an e>ly p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( ! idea to :i* x belongs4 ,,section ,,vi4 ,,six? ,,note4 ,,cons]vative ,,action ,,^u ,,its ,,pa/4 ,z developm5ts :i* are prec$$ by def9ite indications h a fair presumption 9 _! fav\r1 s ^? :i* d b contradict & rev]se ! c\rse ( doctr9e :i* has be5 develop$ be=e !m1 & out ( :i* !y spr+1 are c]ta9ly corrupt2 = a corruption is a developm5t 9 t v /age 9 :i* x ceases to illu/rate1 & beg9s to di/urb1 ! acquisitions ga9$ 9 its previ\s hi/ory4 ,x is ! rule ( creation1 or r ( ! ph5om5a :i* x pres5ts1 t life passes on to its t]m9ation by a gradual1 imp]ceptible c\rse ( *ange4 ,!re is ev] a maximum 9 e>?ly excell5ce1 & ! op]ation ( ! same causes :i* made ?+s great makes !m small aga94 ,weakness is b ! result+ product ( p[]4 ,ev5ts move 9 cycles2 all ?+s come r\nd1 ! sun arise? & goe? d[n1 & ha/e? to 8 place :]e he arose4 ,fl[]s fir/ bloom1 & !n fade2 fruit rip5s & decays4 ,! f]m5t+ process1 unless /opp$ at ! due po9t1 corrupts ! liquor :i* x has creat$4 ,! grace ( spr+1 ! ri*ness ( autumn are b = a mom5t1 & worldly morali/s bid u ,c>pe diem1 = we %all h no second opportunity4 ,virtue seems to lie 9 a mean1 betwe5 vice & vice2 & z x grew out ( imp]fection1 s to gr[ into enormity4 ,!re is a limit to human k1 & bo? sacr$ & pr(ane writ]s witness t ov]wisdom is folly4 ,& 9 ! political _w /ates rise & fall1 ! in/rum5ts ( _! aggr&izem5t becom+ ! weapons ( _! de/ruction4 ,& h5ce ! frequ5t e?ical maxims1 su* z1 ,ne quid nimis1 ,m$io tutissimus1 ,vault+ ambition1 :i* seem to imply t too mu* ( :at is good is evil4 ,s great a p>adox ( c\rse _c be ma9ta9$ z t tru? lit]ally leads to falsehood1 or t !re c be an excess ( virtue2 b ! appe>ance ( ?+s & ! popul> language ab\t !m w at lea/ s]ve u 9 obta9+ an additional te/ = ! discrim9ation ( a bon fide developm5t ( an idea f its corruption4 ,a true developm5t1 !n1 may be describ$ z "o :i* is cons]vative ( ! c\rse ( antec$5t developm5ts be+ really ^? antec$5ts & some?+ besides !m3 x is an addition :i* illu/rates1 n obscures1 corroborates1 n corrects1 ! body ( ?\ght f :i* x proce$s2 & ?is is its *>act]i/ic z contra/$ ) a corruption4 #b4 ,= in/ance1 a gradual conv]sion f a false to a true religion1 pla9ly1 has mu* ( ! "* ( a cont9u\s process1 or a developm5t1 9 ! m9d itself1 ev5 :5 ! two religions1 :i* are ! limits ( its c\rse1 are antagoni/s4 ,n[ let x be obs]v$1 t su* a *ange consi/s 9 addition & increase *iefly1 n 9 de/ruction4 ,true religion is ! summit & p]fection ( false religions2 x comb9es 9 "o :atev] !re is ( good & true sep>ately rema9+ 9 ea*4 ,& 9 l mann] ! ,ca?olic ,cre$ is = ! mo/ "p ! comb9ation ( sep>ate tru?s1 :i* h]etics h divid$ among !mselves1 & err 9 divid+4 ,s t1 9 matt] ( fact1 if a religi\s m9d 7 educat$ 9 & s9c]ely atta*$ to "s =m ( hea!nism or h]esy1 & !n 7 br\ght "u ! light ( tru?1 x w\ld be drawn (f f error into ! tru?1 n by los+ :at x _h1 b by ga9+ :at x _h n1 n by be+ unclo!d1 b by be+ 'clo!d ^u1' 't mortality may be swall[$ up ( life4' ,t same pr9ciple ( fai? :i* atta*es x at fir/ to ! wrong doctr9e w\ld atta* x to ! tru?2 & t portion ( its orig9al doctr9e1 :i* 0 to be ca/ (f z absolutely false1 w\ld n be directly reject$1 b indirectly1 9 ! reception ( ! tru? :i* is its opposite4 ,true conv]sion is ev] ( a positive1 n a negative "*4#bja3a ,su* too is ! !ory ( ! ,fa!rs z reg>ds ! doctr9es fix$ by ,c\ncils1 z is in/anc$ 9 ! language ( ,/4 ,leo4 ,to be seek+ = :at has be5 disclos$1 to reconsid] :at has be5 f9i%$1 to te> up :at has be5 laid d[n1 :at is ?is b to be un?ankful = :at is ga9$8#bja3b ,v9c5tius ( ,l]9s1 9 l mann]1 speaks ( ! developm5t ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 z pr(ectus fidei non p]mutatio4#bja3c ,& s z reg>ds ! ,jewi% ,law1 our ,"l said t ,he came n to de/roy1 b to fulfil4 #c4 ,mahomet is accus$ ( contradict+ 8 e>li] revelations by 8 lat]1 :i* is a ?+ s well kn[n to ^? ( 8 sect t !y all ackn[l$ge x2 & !re=e :5 ! contradictions are su* z !y _c solve !m1 !n !y w h "o ( ! contradictory places to be revok$4 ,& !y reckon 9 ! :ole ,alcoran ab\t a hundr$ & fifty v]ses :i* are ?us revok$4#bja3d ,s*ell+1 says ,mr4 ,dew>1 consid]s t ! "t has arriv$ :5 an esot]ic speculative ,*ri/ianity ought to take ! place ( ! exot]ic empiricism :i* has hi!rto prevail$4 ,?is ,g]man philosoph] ackn[l$ges t su* a project is oppos$ to ! evid5t design ( ! ,*ur*1 & ( h] e>lie/ tea*]s4#bjb3a #d4 ,:5 ,roman ,ca?olics are accus$ ( sub/itut+ ano!r ,gospel = ! primitive ,cre$1 !y answ] t !y hold1 & c %[ t !y hold1 ! doctr9es ( ! ,inc>nation & ,atonem5t1 z firmly z any ,prote/ant c /ate !m4 ,to ?is x is repli$ t !y d c]ta9ly pr(ess !m1 b t !y obscure & virtually annul !m by _! additions2 t ! cultus ( ,/4 ,m>y & ! ,sa9ts is no developm5t ( ! tru?1 b a corruption & a religi\s mis*ief to ^? doctr9es ( :i* x is ! corruption1 because x draws away ! m9d & he>t f ,*ri/4 ,b !y answ] t1 s f> f ?is1 x subs]ves1 illu/rates1 protects ! doctr9e ( our ,"l's lov+ k9dness & m$iation4 ,?us ! p>ties 9 controv]sy jo9 issue on ! common gr\nd1 t a develop$ doctr9e :i* rev]ses ! c\rse ( developm5t :i* has prec$$ x1 is no true developm5t b a corruption2 also1 t :at is corrupt acts z an elem5t ( unheal?9ess t[>ds :at is s\nd4 ,?is subject1 h[ev]1 w come be=e u 9 its prop] place by & by4 #e4 ,black/one supplies u ) an in/ance 9 ano!r subject-matt]1 ( a developm5t :i* is ju/ifi$ by its utility1 :5 he obs]ves t :5 society is once =m$1 gov]nm5t results ( c\rse1 z necess>y to pres]ve & to keep t society 9 ord]4#bjb3b ,on ! contr>y1 :5 ! ,long ,p>liam5t proce$$ to usurp ! executive1 !y impair$ ! popul> lib]ties :i* !y seem$ to be advanc+2 = ! security ( ^? lib]ties dep5ds on ! sep>ation ( ! executive & legislative p[]s1 or on ! enactors be+ subjects1 n executors ( ! laws4 ,& 9 ! hi/ory ( anci5t ,rome1 f ! "t t ! privileges ga9$ by ! tribunes 9 behalf ( ! p became an object ( ambition to !mselves1 ! developm5t _h *ang$ into a corruption4 ,& ?us a six? te/ ( a true developm5t is t x is ( a t5d5cy cons]vative ( :at has gone be=e x4 ,,section ,,vii4 ,,sev5? ,,note4 ,,*ronic ,,vig\r4 ,s9ce ! corruption ( an idea1 z f> z ! appe>ance goes1 is a sort ( accid5t or affection ( its developm5t1 be+ ! end ( a c\rse1 & a transition-/ate lead+ to a crisis1 x is1 z has be5 obs]v$ above1 a brief & rapid process4 ,:ile ideas live 9 m5's m9ds1 !y are ev] enl>g+ into full] developm5t3 !y w n be /ation>y 9 _! corruption any m ?an be=e x2 & dissolution is t fur!r /ate to :i* corruption t5ds4 ,corruption _c1 !re=e1 be ( long /&+2 & ?us duration is ano!r te/ ( a fai?ful developm5t4 ,si gravis1 brevis2 si longus1 levis2 is ! ,/oical topic ( consolation "u pa92 & ( a numb] ( disord]s x c ev5 be said1 ,! worse1 ! %ort]4 ,sob] m5 are indispos$ to *ange 9 civil matt]s1 & fe> re=ms & innovations1 le/1 if !y g a little too f>1 !y %\ld at once run on to "s great calamities be=e a rem$y c be appli$4 ,! *ance ( a sl[ corruption does n /rike !m4 ,revolutions are g5]ally viol5t & swift2 n[1 9 fact1 !y are ! c\rse ( a corruption4 #b4 ,! c\rse ( h]esies is always %ort2 x is an int]m$iate /ate betwe5 life & dea?1 or :at is l dea?2 or1 if x does n result 9 dea?1 x is resolv$ into "s new1 p]haps opposite1 c\rse ( error1 :i* lays no claim to be connect$ ) x4 ,& 9 ?is way inde$1 b 9 ?is way only1 an h]etical pr9ciple w cont9ue 9 life _m ye>s1 fir/ runn+ "o way1 !n ano!r4 ,! ab\nd+ ( iniquity is ! tok5 ( ! end approa*+2 ! fai?ful 9 consequ5ce cry out1 ,h[ long8 z if delay oppos$ reason z well z pati5ce4 ,?ree ye>s & a half are to complete ! reign ( ,anti*ri/4 ,nor is x any real objection t ! _w is ev] corrupt1 & yet1 9 spite ( ?is1 evil does n fill up its measure & ov]fl[2 = ?is arises f ! ext]nal c\nt]actions ( tru? & virtue1 :i* be> x back2 let ! ,*ur* be remov$1 & ! _w w soon come to its end4 ,& s aga91 if ! *os5 p age aft] age became worse & worse1 till !re 0 no recov]y1 /ill _! c\rse ( evil 0 cont9ually brok5 by re=mations1 & 0 ?r[n back ^u a less advanc$ /age ( decl5sion4 #c4 ,x is true t decay1 :i* is "o =m ( corruption1 is sl[2 b decay is a /ate 9 :i* !re is no viol5t or vigor\s action at all1 :e!r ( a cons]vative or a de/ructive "*1 ! ho/ile influ5ce be+ p[]ful en\gh to enfeeble ! functions ( life1 b n to quick5 its own process4 ,& ?us we see op9ions1 usages1 & sy/ems1 :i* are ( v5]able & impos+ aspect1 b :i* h no s\ndness )9 !m1 & keep toge!r f a habit ( consi/5ce1 or f dep5d5ce on political in/itutions2 or !y become almo/ peculi>ities ( a c\ntry1 or ! habits ( a race1 or ! fa%ions ( society4 ,& !n1 at l5g?1 p]haps1 !y g (f sudd5ly & die out "u ! fir/ r\gh influ5ce f )\t4 ,su* are ! sup]/itions :i* p]vade a population1 l "s +ra9$ dye or invet]ate od\r1 & :i* at l5g? come to an end1 because no?+ la/s = ev]1 b :i* run no c\rse1 & h no hi/ory2 su* 0 ! e/abli%$ paganism ( classical times1 :i* 0 ! fit subject ( p]secution1 = its fir/ brea? made x crumble & disappe>4 ,su* app>5tly is ! /ate ( ! ,ne/orian & ,monophysite communions2 su* might h be5 ! condition ( ,*ri/ianity _h x be5 absorb$ by ! feudalism ( ! middle ages2 su* too is t ,prote/antism1 or 7z x sometimes calls itself7 atta*m5t to ! ,e/abli%m5t1 :i* is n unfrequ5tly ! boa/ ( ! respectable & weal?y among ourselves4 ,:e!r ,mahometanism ext]nal to ,*ri/5dom1 & ! ,greek ,*ur* )9 x1 fall "u ?is description is yet to be se54 ,circum/ances c be imag9$ :i* w\ld ev5 n[ r\se ! fanaticism ( ! ,moslem2 & ! ,russian despotism does n m$dle ) ! usages1 ?\gh x may dom9e] ov] ! prie/hood1 ( ! national religion4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?us1 :ile a corruption is di/+ui%$ f decay by its en]getic action1 x is di/+ui%$ f a developm5t by its transitory "*4 #d4 ,su* are sev5 out ( v>i\s ,notes1 :i* may be assign$1 ( fidelity 9 ! developm5t ( an idea4 ,! po9t to be asc]ta9$ is ! unity & id5tity ( ! idea ) itself ?r\gh all /ages ( its developm5t f fir/ to la/1 & ^! are sev5 tok5s t x may rightly be acc\nt$ "o & ! same all along4 ,to gu>antee its own sub/antial unity1 x mu/ be se5 to be "o 9 type1 "o 9 its sy/em ( pr9ciples1 "o 9 its unitive p[] t[>ds ext]nals1 "o 9 its logical consecutiv5ess1 "o 9 ! witness ( its e>ly phases to its lat]1 "o 9 ! protection :i* its lat] ext5d to its e>li]1 & "o 9 its union ( vig\r ) cont9uance1 t is1 9 its t5acity4 ,,footnotes3 #agb3a ,commonit4 #bi4 #agc3a ,milman1 ,*ri/4 #agd3a ,de ,deo1 ii4 #d1 #h4 #ahd3a ,*4 xlix4 #aic3a ,pusey on ,g]man ,rationalism1 p4 #ba1 note4 #aid3a ,halloix1 ,valesius1 ,lequi51 ,giesel]1 ,dll+]1 c41 say t he 0 condemn$1 n 9 ! fif? ,c\ncil1 b 9 ! ,c\ncil "u ,m5nas4 #aid3b ,mem4 ,eccl4 tom4 viii4 p4 #efb4 #aie3a ,def4 ,tr4 ,cap4 viii4 init4 #aig3a ,hallam's ,con/4 ,hi/4 *4 vi4 p4 #dfa4 #bja3a ,tracts = ! ,times1 ,no4 #he1 p4 #gc4 ,discuss4 p4 #bjj2 vide also ,essay on ,ass5t1 pp4 #bdi-bea4 #bja3b ,ep4 #afb4 #bja3c ,ib4 p4 #cji4 #bja3d ,prideaux1 ,life ( ,mahomet1 p4 #ij4 #bjb3a ,g]man ,prote/antism1 p4 #agf4 #bjb3b ,vol4 i4 p4 #aah4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,application ,,( ,,! ,,sev5 ,,notes ,,to ,,! ,,exi/+ ,,developm5ts ,,( ,,*ri/ian ,,doctr9e4 ,,application ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,note ,,( ,a ,,true ,,developm5t4 ,,pres]vation ,,( ,,type4 ,n[ let me attempt to apply ! =ego+ sev5 ,notes ( fidelity 9 intellectual developm5ts to ! in/ance ( ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e4 ,& fir/ z to ! ,note ( id5tity ( type4 ,i h said above1 t1 :]eas all great ideas are f\nd1 z "t goes on1 to involve mu* :i* 0 n se5 at fir/ to belong to !m1 & h developm5ts1 t is enl>gem5ts1 applications1 uses & =tunes1 v v>i\s1 "o security aga9/ error & p]v]sion 9 ! process is ! ma9t5ance ( ! orig9al type1 :i* ! idea pres5t$ to ! _w at its orig91 amid & ?r\gh all its app>5t *anges & vicissitudes f fir/ to la/4 ,h[ does ?is apply to ,*ri/ianity8 ,:at is its orig9al type8 & has t type be5 pres]v$ 9 ! developm5ts commonly call$ ,ca?olic1 :i* h foll[$1 & 9 ! ,*ur* :i* embodies & tea*es !m8 ,let u take x z ! _w n[ views x 9 its age2 & let u take x z ! _w once view$ x 9 its y\?1 & let u see :e!r !re be any great diff]5ce betwe5 ! e>ly & ! lat] description ( x4 ,! foll[+ /atem5t w %[ my mean+3-- ,!re is a religi\s communion claim+ a div9e commission1 & hold+ all o!r religi\s bodies ar\nd x h]etical or infidel2 x is a well-organiz$1 well-discipl9$ body2 x is a sort ( secret society1 b9d+ toge!r its memb]s by influ5ces & by engagem5ts :i* x is difficult = /rang]s to asc]ta94 ,x is spread ov] ! kn[n _w2 x may be weak or insignificant locally1 b x is /rong on ! :ole f its cont9uity2 x may be small] ?an all o!r religi\s bodies toge!r1 b is l>g] ?an ea* sep>ately4 ,x is a natural enemy to gov]nm5ts ext]nal to itself2 x is intol]ant & engross+1 & t5ds to a new modell+ ( society2 x breaks laws1 x divides families4 ,x is a gross sup]/ition2 x is *>g$ ) ! f\le/ crimes2 x is despis$ by ! intellect ( ! day2 x is frightful to ! imag9ation ( ! _m4 ,& !re is b "o communion su*4 ,place ?is description be=e ,pl9y or ,julian2 place x be=e ,fr$]ick ! ,second or ,guizot4#bjh3a ,app>5t dir facies4 ,ea* kn[s at once1 )\t ask+ a "q1 :o is meant by x4 ,"o object1 & only "o1 absorbs ea* item ( ! detail ( ! del9eation4 ,,section ,i4 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,c5turies4 ,! prim facie view ( e>ly ,*ri/ianity1 9 ! eyes ( witnesses ext]nal to x1 is pres5t$ to u 9 ! brief b vivid descriptions giv5 by ,tacitus1 ,suetonius1 & ,pl9y1 ! only hea!n writ]s :o di/9ctly m5tion x = ! fir/ hundr$ & fifty ye>s4 ,tacitus is l$ to speak ( ! ,religion1 on occasion ( ! conflagration ( ,rome1 :i* 0 popul>ly imput$ to ,n]o4 ,to put an end to ! report1 he says1 he laid ! guilt on o!rs1 & visit$ !m ) ! mo/ exquisite puni%m5t1 ^?1 namely1 :o1 held 9 abhorr5ce = _! crimes 7p] flagitia invisos71 7 popul>ly call$ ,*ri/ians4 ,! au?or ( t pr(ession 7nom9is7 0 ,*ri/1 :o1 9 ! reign ( ,tib]ius1 0 capitally puni%$ by ! ,procurator1 ,pontius ,pilate4 ,! deadly sup]/ition 7exitiabilis sup]/itio71 ?\gh *eck$ = a :ile1 broke out afre%2 & t1 n only ?r\gh\t ,juda1 ! orig9al seat ( ! evil1 b ?r\gh ! ,city also1 :i!r all ?+s atroci\s or %ock+ 7atrocia aut pud5da7 fl[ toge!r f e qu>t] & ?rive4 ,at fir/1 c]ta9 7 seiz$ :o av[$ x2 !n1 on _! report1 a va/ multitude 7 convict$1 n s mu* ( fir+ ! ,city1 z ( hatr$ ( mank9d 7odio humani g5]is74 ,aft] describ+ _! tortures1 he cont9ues ,9 consequ5ce1 ?\gh !y 7 guilty1 & des]v$ mo/ signal puni%m5t1 !y began to be piti$1 z if de/roy$ n = any public object1 b f ! b>b>ity ( "o man4 ,suetonius relates ! same transactions ?us3 ,capital puni%m5ts 7 inflict$ on ! ,*ri/ians1 a class ( m5 ( a new & magical sup]/ition 7sup]/itionis nov et malefic74 ,:at gives additional "* to ?is /atem5t is its context2 = x occurs z "o out ( v>i\s police or sumptu>y or dome/ic regulations1 :i* ,n]o made2 su* z controll+ private exp5ses1 =bidd+ tav]ns to s]ve meat1 repress+ ! conte/s ( !atrical p>ties1 & secur+ ! integrity ( wills4 ,:5 ,pl9y 0 ,gov]nor ( ,pontus1 he wrote 8 celebrat$ lett] to ! ,emp]or ,trajan1 to ask advice h[ he 0 to deal ) ! ,*ri/ians1 :om he f\nd !re 9 great numb]s4 ,"o ( 8 po9ts ( hesitation 01 :e!r ! v pr(ession ( ,*ri/ianity 0 n by itself suffici5t to ju/ify puni%m5t2 :e!r ! "n itself %\ld be visit$1 ?\gh cle> ( flagiti\s acts 7flagitia71 or only :5 connect$ ) !m4 ,he says1 he _h ord]$ = execution su* z p]sev]$ 9 _! pr(ession1 aft] repeat$ w>n+s1 z n d\bt+1 :atev] x 0 !y pr(ess$1 t at any rate contumacy & inflexible ob/9acy ought to be puni%$4 ,he requir$ !m to invoke ! gods1 to sacrifice w9e & frank9c5se to ! images ( ! ,emp]or1 & to blaspheme ,*ri/2 to :i*1 he adds1 x is said no real ,*ri/ian c be compell$4 ,r5egades in=m$ him t ! sum total ( _! (f5ce or fault 0 meet+ be=e light on an appo9t$ day1 & say+ ) "o ano!r a =m ( words 7c>m57 to ,*ri/1 z if to a god1 & b9d+ !mselves by oa?1 7n to ! commission ( any wick$ness1 b7 aga9/ ! commission ( !ft1 robb]y1 adult]y1 brea* ( tru/1 d5ial ( deposits2 t1 aft] ?is !y 7 accu/om$ to sep>ate1 & !n to meet aga9 = a meal1 b eat5 all toge!r & h>mless2 h[ev]1 t !y _h ev5 left ?is (f aft] 8 edicts en=c+ ! ,imp]ial prohibition ( ,hetri or ,associations4 ,he proce$$ to put two wom5 to ! torture1 b discov]$ no?+ beyond a bad & excessive sup]/ition 7sup]/itionem pravam et immodicam71 ! contagion ( :i*1 he cont9ues1 _h spread ?r\gh villages & c\ntry1 till ! temples 7 empti$ ( wor%ipp]s4 #b4 ,9 ^! te/imonies1 :i* w =m a natural & conv5i5t text = :at is to foll[1 we h v>i\s *>act]i/ics br\ght be=e u ( ! religion to :i* !y relate4 ,x 0 a sup]/ition1 z all ?ree writ]s agree2 a bad & excessive sup]/ition1 accord+ to ,pl9y2 a magical sup]/ition1 accord+ to ,suetonius2 a deadly sup]/ition1 accord+ to ,tacitus4 ,next1 x 0 embodi$ 9 a society1 & moreov] a secret & unlawful society or hetria2 & x 0 a proselytiz+ society2 & its v "n 0 connect$ ) flagiti\s1 atroci\s1 & %ock+ acts4 #c4 ,n[ ^! few po9ts1 :i* are n all :i* might be set d[n1 conta9 9 !mselves a di/9ct & significant description ( ,*ri/ianity2 b !y h f> great] mean+ :5 illu/rat$ by ! hi/ory ( ! times1 ! te/imony ( lat] writ]s1 & ! acts ( ! ,roman gov]nm5t t[>ds its pr(essors4 ,x is impossible to mi/ake ! judgm5t pass$ on ! religion by ^! ?ree writ]s1 & /ill m cle>ly by o!r writ]s & ,imp]ial function>ies4 ,!y evid5tly associat$ ,*ri/ianity ) ! ori5tal sup]/itions1 :e!r propagat$ by individuals or embodi$ 9 a rite1 :i* 7 9 t day trav]s+ ! ,empire1 & :i* 9 ! ev5t act$ s rem>kable a "p 9 break+ up ! national =ms ( wor%ip1 & s 9 prep>+ ! way = ,*ri/ianity4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! broad view :i* ! educat$ hea!n took ( ,*ri/ianity2 &1 if x _h be5 v unlike ^? rites & curi\s arts 9 ext]nal appe>ance1 !y w\ld n h confus$ x ) !m4 ,*anges 9 society are1 by a provid5tial appo9tm5t1 commonly prec$$ & facilitat$ by ! sett+ 9 ( a c]ta9 curr5t 9 m5's ?\ghts & feel+s 9 t direction t[>ds :i* a *ange is to be made4 ,&1 z light] sub/ances :irl ab\t be=e ! tempe/ & presage x1 s words & de$s1 om9\s b n effective ( ! com+ revolution1 are circulat$ be=eh& ?r\gh ! multitude1 or pass across ! field ( ev5ts4 ,?is 0 specially ! case ) ,*ri/ianity1 z became its high dignity2 x came h]ald$ & att5d$ by a cr[d ( %ad[s1 %ad[s ( itself1 impot5t & mon/r\s z %ad[s are1 b n at fir/ sight di/+ui%able f x by common spectators4 ,be=e ! mission ( ! ,apo/les1 a movem5t1 ( :i* !re _h be5 e>li] p>allels1 _h begun 9 ,egypt1 ,syria1 & ! neighb\r+ c\ntries1 t5d+ to ! propagation ( new & peculi> =ms ( wor%ip ?r\gh\t ! ,empire4 ,prophecies 7 afloat t "s new ord] ( ?+s 0 com+ 9 f ! ,ea/1 :i* increas$ ! exi/+ unsettlem5t ( ! popul> m9d2 pret5d]s made attempts to satisfy its wants1 & old ,traditions ( ! ,tru?1 embodi$ = ages 9 local or 9 national religions1 gave to ^! attempts a doctr9al & ritual %ape1 :i* became an additional po9t ( resemblance to t ,tru? :i* 0 soon visibly to appe>4 #d4 ,! di/9ctive "* ( ! rites 9 "q lay 9 _! appeal+ to ! gloomy r ?an to ! *e]ful & hopeful feel+s1 & 9 _! influ5c+ ! m9d ?r\gh fe>4 ,! notions ( guilt & expiation1 ( evil & good to come1 & ( deal+s ) ! invisible _w1 7 9 "s %ape or o!r pre-em95t 9 !m1 & =m$ a /rik+ contra/ to ! classical poly!ism1 :i* 0 gay & graceful1 z 0 natural 9 a civiliz$ age4 ,! new rites1 on ! o!r h&1 7 secret2 _! doctr9e 0 my/]i\s2 _! pr(ession 0 a discipl9e1 beg9n+ 9 a =mal initiation1 manife/$ 9 an association1 & ex]cis$ 9 privation & pa94 ,!y 7 f ! nature ( ! case proselytiz+ societies1 = !y 7 ris+ into p[]2 nor 7 !y local1 b vagrant1 re/less1 intrusive1 & encroa*+4 ,_! pret5sions to sup]natural k br\ght !m into easy connexion ) magic & a/rology1 :i* are z attractive to ! weal?y & luxuri\s z ! m vulg> sup]/itions to ! populace4 #e4 ,su* 7 ! rites ( ,cybele1 ,isis1 & ,mi?ras2 su* ! ,*aldeans1 z !y 7 commonly call$1 & ! ,magi2 !y came f "o "p ( ! _w1 & dur+ ! fir/ & second c5tury spread ) busy p]sev]ance to ! nor!rn & we/]n extremities ( ! empire4#bac3a ,traces ( ! my/]ies ( ,cybele1 a ,syrian deity1 if ! fam\s temple at ,hi]apolis 0 h]s1 h be5 f\nd 9 ,spa91 9 ,gaul1 & 9 ,brita91 z high up z ! wall ( ,sev]us4 ,! wor%ip ( ,isis 0 ! mo/ widely spread ( all ! pagan deities2 x 0 receiv$ 9 ,e?iopia & 9 ,g]many1 & ev5 ! "n ( ,p>is has be5 fancifully trac$ to x4 ,bo? wor%ips1 z well z ! ,sci5ce ( ,magic1 _h _! colleges ( prie/s & devotees1 :i* 7 gov]n$ by a presid5t1 & 9 "s places 7 support$ by f>ms4 ,_! processions pass$ f t[n to t[n1 begg+ z !y w5t & attract+ proselytes4 ,apuleius describes "o ( !m z seiz+ a :ip1 accus+ himself ( "s (f5ce1 & sc\rg+ himself 9 public4 ,^! /roll]s1 circulatores or agyrt 9 classical language1 told =tunes1 & di/ribut$ prophetical tickets to ! ignorant p :o consult$ !m4 ,also1 !y 7 le>n$ 9 ! doctr9e ( om5s1 ( lucky & unlucky days1 ( ! rites ( expiation & ( sacrifices4 ,su* an agyrtes or it9]ant 0 ! notori\s ,alex&] ( ,abonoti*us1 till he manag$ to e/abli% himself 9 ,pontus1 :]e he c>ri$ on s successful an imposition t 8 fame rea*$ ,rome1 & m5 9 (fice & /ation entru/$ him ) _! de>e/ political secrets4 ,su* a w&]]1 ) a f> m religi\s be>+ & a high reputation = virtue1 0 ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 :o pr(ess$ ! ,py?agorean philosophy1 claim$ ! gift ( miracles1 & roam$ ab\t prea*+1 tea*+1 heal+1 & prophesy+ f ,india & ,alex&ria to ,a!ns & ,rome4 ,ano!r solit>y proselytiz]1 ?\gh ( an e>li] "t & ( an av[$ pr(ligacy1 _h be5 ! ,sacrificulus1 view$ ) su* horror by ! ,roman ,s5ate1 z introduc+ ! infam\s ,bac*ic rites into ,rome4 ,su*1 aga91 7 ^? deg5]ate *ildr5 ( a div9e religion1 :o1 9 ! words ( _! ,creator & ,judge1 compass$ sea & l& to make "o proselyte1 & made him tw(old m ! *ild ( hell ?an !mselves4 #f4 ,^! vagrant religioni/s = ! mo/ "p pr(ess$ a sev]e rule ( life1 & sometimes "o ( fanatical mortification4 ,9 ! my/]ies ( ,mi?ras1 ! initiation#bad3a 0 prec$$ by fa/+ & ab/95ce1 & a v>iety ( pa9ful trials2 x 0 made by means ( a baptism z a spiritual wa%+2 & x includ$ an (f]+ ( bread1 & "s emblem ( a resurrection4 ,9 ! ,samo?racian rites x _h be5 a cu/om to initiate *ildr52 confession too ( great] crimes seems to h be5 requir$1 & w\ld naturally be involv$ 9 o!rs 9 ! inquisition prosecut$ into ! pa/ lives ( ! c&idates = initiation4 ,! g>m5ts ( ! conv]ts 7 :ite2 _! call+ 0 consid]$ z a w>f>e 7militia71 & 0 und]tak5 ) a sacram5tum1 or milit>y oa?4 ,! prie/s %av$ _! heads & wore l951 & :5 !y 7 dead 7 buri$ 9 a sac]dotal g>m5t4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to ref] to ! mutilation inflict$ on ! prie/s ( ,cybele2 "o in/ance ( _! sc\rg+s has be5 already m5tion$2 & ,t]tullian speaks ( _! high prie/ cutt+ 8 arms = ! life ( ! ,emp]or ,m>cus4#bae3a ,! prie/s ( ,isis1 9 lam5tation = ,osiris1 tore _! brea/s ) p9e cones4 ,?is lam5tation 0 a ritual obs]vance1 f\nd$ on "s religi\s my/]y3 ,isis lo/ ,osiris1 & ! initiat$ wept 9 memory ( h] sorr[2 ! ,syrian goddess _h wept ov] dead ,?ammuz1 & h] my/ics commemorat$ x by a c]emonial woe2 9 ! rites ( ,bac*us1 an image 0 laid on a bi] at midnight1#bae3b :i* 0 bewail$ 9 metrical hymns2 ! god 0 suppos$ to die1 & !n to revive4 ,nor 0 ?is ! only wor%ip :i* 0 cont9u$ ?r\gh ! night2 :ile "s ( ! rites 7 p]=m$ 9 caves4 #g4 ,only a heav5ly light c give purity to nocturnal & subt]rane\s wor%ip4 ,caves 7 at t "t appropriat$ to ! wor%ip ( ! inf]nal gods4 ,x 0 b natural t ^! wild religions %\ld be connect$ ) magic & its k9dr$ arts2 magic has at all times l$ to cruelty1 & lic5ti\sness w\ld be ! inevitable reaction f a tempor>y /rictness4 ,an extraord9>y pr(ession1 :5 m5 are 9 a /ate ( m]e nature1 makes hypocrites or madm51 & w 9 no long "t be disc>d$ except by ! few4 ,! _w ( t day associat$ toge!r 9 "o company1 ,isiac1 ,phrygian1 ,mi?riac1 ,*aldean1 wiz>d1 a/rolog]1 =tune-tell]1 it9]ant1 &1 z 0 n unnatural1 ,jew4 ,magic 0 pr(ess$ by ! pr(ligate ,alex&]1 & 0 imput$ to ! grave ,apollonius4 ,! rites ( ,mi?ras came f ! ,magi ( ,p]sia2 & x is obvi\sly difficult to di/+ui% 9 pr9ciple ! c]emonies ( ! ,syrian ,taurobolium f ^? ( ! ,necyomantia 9 ! ,odyssey1 or ( ,canidia 9 ,horace4 ,! ,!odosian ,code calls magic g5]ally a sup]/ition2 & magic1 orgies1 my/]ies1 & sabba?iz+s1 7 ref]r$ to ! same b>b>\s orig94 ,magical sup]/itions1 ! rites ( ! ,magi1 ! promises ( ! ,*aldeans1 & ! ,ma!matici1 are famili> to ! read]s ( ,tacitus4 ,! ,emp]or ,o?o1 an av[$ patron ( ori5tal fa%ions1 took "p 9 ! rites ( ,isis1 & consult$ ! ,ma!matici4 ,vespasian1 :o also consult$ !m1 is he>d ( 9 ,egypt z p]=m+ miracles at ! sugge/ion ( ,s]apis4 ,tib]ius1 9 an edict1 classes toge!r ,egyptian & ,jewi% rites2 & ,tacitus & ,suetonius1 9 record+ x1 speak ( ! two religions toge!r z ea sup]/itio4#baf3a ,augu/us _h already associat$ !m toge!r z sup]/itions1 & z unlawful1 & t 9 contra/ to o!rs ( a l =eign orig94 ,z to =eign rites 7p]egr9 c]emoni71 says ,suetonius1 z he paid m rev]5ce to ^? :i* 7 old & enjo9$1 s did he hold ! re/ 9 contempt4#baf3b ,he goes on to say t1 ev5 on ! judgm5t-seat1 he _h recogniz$ ! ,eleus9ian prie/s1 into ^: my/]ies he _h be5 initiat$ at ,a!ns2 :]eas1 :5 travell+ 9 ,egypt1 he _h refus$ to see ,apis1 & _h approv$ ( 8 gr&son ,caligula's pass+ by ,juda )\t sacrific+ at ,j]usalem4 ,plut>* speaks ( magic z connect$ ) ! m\rnful my/]ies ( ,orpheus & ,zoroa/]1 ) ! ,egyptian & ! ,phrygian2 &1 9 8 ,treatise on ,sup]/ition1 he puts toge!r 9 "o clause1 z specim5s ( t disease ( m9d1 cov]+ oneself ) mud1 wall[+ 9 ! mire1 sabba?iz+s1 fall+s on ! face1 unseemly po/ures1 =eign adorations4#baf3c ,ovid m5tions 9 consecutive v]ses ! rites ( ,adonis lam5t$ by ,v5us1 ,! ,sabba? ( ! ,syrian ,jew1 & ! ,memphitic ,temple ( ,io 9 h] l95 dress4#baf3d ,juv5al speaks ( ! rites1 z well z ! language & ! music1 ( ! ,syrian ,orontes hav+ flood$ ,rome2 &1 9 8 description ( ! sup]/ition ( ! ,roman wom51 he places ! l[ ,jewi% =tune-tell] betwe5 ! pomp\s prie/s ( ,cybele & ,isis1 & ! bloody wit*craft ( ! ,arm5ian h>uspex & ! a/rology ( ! ,*aldeans4#bag3a #h4 ,! ,*ri/ian1 be+ at fir/ acc\nt$ a k9d ( ,jew1 0 ev5 on t score includ$ 9 :atev] odium1 & :atev] bad associations1 att5d$ on ! ,jewi% "n4 ,b 9 a little "t 8 indep5d5ce ( ! reject$ p 0 cle>ly und]/ood1 z ev5 ! p]secutions %[2 & he /ood ^u 8 own gr\nd4 ,/ill 8 "* did n *ange 9 ! eyes ( ! _w2 = fav\r or = reproa*1 he 0 /ill associat$ ) ! vot>ies ( secret & magical rites4 ,! ,emp]or ,hadrian1 not$ z he is = 8 inquisitive temp]1 & a p>tak] 9 s _m my/]ies1#bag3b /ill believ$ t ! ,*ri/ians ( ,egypt all[$ !mselves 9 ! wor%ip ( ,s]apis4 ,!y are br\ght into connexion ) ! magic ( ,egypt 9 ! hi/ory ( :at is commonly call$ ! ,?und]+ ,legion1 s f> z ?is1 t ! ra9 :i* reliev$ ! ,emp]or's army 9 ! field1 & :i* ! ,*ur* ascrib$ to ! pray]s ( ! ,*ri/ian soldi]s1 is by ,dio ,cassius attribut$ to an ,egyptian magician1 :o obta9$ x by invok+ ,m]cury & o!r spirits4 ,?is w> _h be5 ! occasion ( "o ( ! fir/ recognitions :i* ! /ate _h conc$$ to ! ,ori5tal rites1 ?\gh /atesm5 & emp]ors1 z private m51 _h long tak5 "p 9 !m4 ,! ,emp]or ,m>cus _h be5 urg$ by 8 fe>s ( ! ,m>comanni to resort to ^! =eign introductions1 & is said to h employ$ ,magi & ,*aldeans 9 av]t+ an unsuccessful issue ( ! w>4 ,x is obs]vable t1 9 ! gr[+ c\nt5ance :i* 0 ext5d$ to ^! rites 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 ,*ri/ianity came 9 = a %>e4 ,! *apel ( ,alex&] ,sev]us conta9$ /atues ( ,abraham1 ,orpheus1 ,apollonius1 ,py?agoras1 & our ,"l4 ,"h inde$1 z 9 ! case ( ,z5obia's ,judaism1 an eclectic philosophy aid$ ! compreh5sion ( religions4 ,b1 imm$iately be=e ,alex&]1 ,heliogabalus1 :o 0 no philosoph]1 :ile he =mally seat$ 8 ,syrian idol 9 ! ,palat9e1 :ile he obs]v$ ! my/]ies ( ,cybele & ,adonis1 & celebrat$ 8 magic rites ) human victims1 int5d$ also1 accord+ to ,lampridius1 to unite ) 8 horrible sup]/ition ! ,jewi% & ,sam>itan religions & ! ,*ri/ian rite1 t s ! prie/hood ( ,heliogabalus might comprise ! my/]y ( e wor%ip4#bah3a ,h5ce1 m or less1 ! /ories :i* occur 9 ecclesia/ical hi/ory ( ! conv]sion or good-w ( ! emp]ors to ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 ( ,hadrian1 ,mamma1 & o!rs1 besides ,heliogabalus & ,alex&]4 ,su* /ories might (t5 mean little m ?an t !y fav\r$ x among o!r =ms ( ,ori5tal sup]/ition4 #i4 ,:at has be5 said is suffici5t to br+ be=e ! m9d an hi/orical fact1 :i* inde$ does n ne$ evid5ce4 ,^u ! e/abli%$ religions ( ,europe ! ,ea/ _h r5ew$ h] encroa*m5ts1 & 0 p\r+ =? a family ( rites :i* 9 v>i\s ways attract$ ! att5tion ( ! luxuri\s1 ! political1 ! ignorant1 ! re/less1 & ! remorseful4 ,arm5ian1 ,*aldee1 ,egyptian1 ,jew1 ,syrian1 ,phrygian1 z ! case might be1 0 ! designation ( ! new hi]ophant2 & magic1 sup]/ition1 b>b>ism1 juggl]y1 7 ! names giv5 to 8 rite by ! _w4 ,9 ?is company appe>$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,:5 !n ?ree well-in=m$ writ]s call ,*ri/ianity a sup]/ition & a magical sup]/ition1 !y 7 n us+ words at r&om1 or ! language ( abuse1 b !y 7 describ+ x 9 di/9ct & recogniz$ t]ms z cognate to ^? gloomy1 secret1 odi\s1 disreputable religions :i* 7 mak+ s mu* di/urbance up & d[n ! empire4 #aj4 ,! impression made on ! _w by circum/ances imm$iately be=e ! rise ( ,*ri/ianity receiv$ a sort ( confirmation ^u its rise1 9 ! appe>ance ( ! ,gno/ic & k9dr$ h]esies1 :i* issu$ f ! ,*ur* dur+ ! second & ?ird c5turies4 ,_! resemblance 9 ritual & con/itution to ! ,ori5tal religions1 sometimes _! hi/orical relation%ip1 is und5iable2 & c]ta9ly x is a s+ul> co9cid5ce1 t ,*ri/ianity %\ld be fir/ call$ a magical sup]/ition by ,suetonius1 & !n %\ld be f\nd 9 ! intimate company1 & seem+ly ! p>5t1 ( a multitude ( magical sup]/itions1 if !re 0 no?+ 9 ! ,religion itself to give rise to su* a *>ge4 #aa4 ,! ,gno/ic family#bai3a suitably traces its orig9 to a mix$ race1 :i* _h comm5c$ its national hi/ory by associat+ ,ori5talism ) ,revelation4 ,aft] ! captivity ( ! t5 tribes1 ,sam>ia 0 coloniz$ by m5 f ,babylon & ,cu%an1 & f ,ava1 & f ,hama?1 & f ,seph>vaim1 :o 7 in/ruct$ at _! own in/ance 9 ! mann] ( ! ,god ( ! l&1 by "o ( ! prie/s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,j]oboam4 ,! consequ5ce 01 t !y fe>$ ! ,"l & s]v$ _! own gods4 ,( ?is c\ntry 0 ,simon1 ! reput$ patri>* ( ! ,gno/ics2 & he is introduc$ 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les z pr(ess+ ^? magical p[]s :i* 7 s pr9cipal a *>act]i/ic ( ! ,ori5tal my/]ies4 ,8 h]esy1 ?\gh brok5 into a multitude ( sects1 0 p\r$ ov] ! _w ) a ,ca?olicity n inf]ior 9 its day to t ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,/4 ,pet]1 :o fell 9 ) him orig9ally 9 ,sam>ia1 seems to h enc\nt]$ him aga9 at ,rome4 ,at ,rome1 ,/4 ,polyc>p met ,m>cion ( ,pontus1 ^: foll[]s spread ?r\gh ,italy1 ,egypt1 ,syria1 ,arabia1 & ,p]sia2 ,val5t9us prea*$ 8 doctr9es 9 ,alex&ria1 ,rome1 & ,cyprus2 & we read ( 8 disciples 9 ,crete1 ,cs>ea1 ,antio*1 & o!r p>ts ( ! ,ea/4 ,b>desanes & 8 foll[]s 7 f\nd 9 ,mesopotamia4 ,! ,c>pocratians are spok5 ( at ,alex&ria1 at ,rome1 & 9 ,cephall5ia2 ! ,basilidians spread ?r\gh ! great] "p ( ,egypt2 ! ,ophites 7 app>5tly 9 ,bi?ynia & ,galatia2 ! ,ca9ites or ,caians 9 ,africa1 & ! ,m>cosians 9 ,gaul4 ,to ^! mu/ be add$ sev]al sects1 :i*1 ?\gh n /rictly ( ! ,gno/ic /ock1 are associat$ ) !m 9 date1 "*1 & orig92--! ,ebionites ( ,pale/9e1 ! ,c]9?ians1 :o rose 9 "s "p ( ,asia ,m9or1 ! ,encratites & k9dr$ sects1 :o spread f ,mesopotamia to ,syria1 to ,cilicia & o!r prov9ces ( ,asia ,m9or1 & !nce to ,rome1 ,gaul1 ,aquita9e1 & ,spa92 & ! ,montani/s1 :o1 ) a t[n 9 ,phrygia = _! metropolis1 rea*$ at l5g? f ,con/ant9ople to ,c>?age4 ,:5 ! read] ( ,*ri/ian hi/ory comes to ! second c5tury1 says ,dr4 ,burton1 he f9ds t ,gno/icism1 "u "s =m or o!r1 0 pr(ess$ 9 e "p ( ! !n civiliz$ _w4 ,he f9ds x divid$ into s*ools1 z num]\sly & z zeal\sly att5d$ z any :i* ,greece or ,asia c\ld boa/ 9 _! happie/ days4 ,he meets ) names totally unkn[n to him be=e1 :i* excit$ z mu* s5sation z ^? ( ,ari/otle or ,plato4 ,he he>s ( volumes hav+ be5 writt5 9 support ( ?is new philosophy1 n "o ( :i* has surviv$ to our own day4#bba3a ,_m ( ! f\nd]s ( ^! sects _h be5 ,*ri/ians2 o!rs 7 ( ,jewi% p>5tage2 o!rs 7 m or less connect$ 9 fact ) ! ,pagan rites to :i* _! own bore s great a resemblance4 ,montanus seems ev5 to h be5 a mutilat$ prie/ ( ,cybele2 ! foll[]s ( ,prodicus pr(ess$ to possess ! secret books ( ,zoroa/]2 & ! doctr9e ( dualism1 :i* s _m ( ! sects held1 is to be trac$ to ! same s\rce4 ,basilides seems to h recogniz$ ,mi?ras z ! ,supreme ,be+1 or ! ,pr9ce ( ,angels1 or ! ,sun1 if ,mi?ras is equival5t to ,abraxas1 :i* 0 inscrib$ ^u 8 amulets3 on ! o!r h&1 he is said to h be5 taught by an imm$iate disciple ( ,/4 ,pet]1 & ,val5t9us by an imm$iate disciple ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,m>cion 0 ! son ( a ,bi%op ( ,pontus2 ,tatian1 a disciple ( ,/4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr4 #ab4 ,:atev] might be ! hi/ory ( ^! sects1 & ?\gh x may be a "q :e!r !y c be prop]ly call$ sup]/itions1 & ?\gh _m ( !m numb]$ educat$ m5 among _! tea*]s & foll[]s1 !y closely resembl$1 at lea/ 9 ritual & pr(ession1 ! vagrant ,pagan my/]ies :i* h be5 above describ$4 ,_! v "n ( ,gno/ic impli$ ! possession ( a secret1 :i* 0 to be communicat$ to _! disciples4 ,c]emonial obs]vances 7 ! prep>ation1 & symbolical rites ! in/rum5t1 ( initiation4 ,tatian & ,montanus1 ! repres5tatives ( v di/9ct s*ools1 agre$ 9 mak+ asceticism a rule ( life4 ,! foll[]s ( ea* ( ^! sect>ies ab/a9$ f w9e2 ! ,tatianites & ,m>cionites1 f fle%2 ! ,montani/s kept ?ree ,l5ts 9 ! ye>4 ,all ! ,gno/ic sects seem to h condemn$ m>riage on "o or o!r reason4#bbb3a ,! ,m>cionites _h ?ree baptisms or m2 ! ,m>cosians _h two rites ( :at !y call$ r$emption2 ! latt] ( ^! 0 celebrat$ z a m>riage1 & ! room adorn$ z a m>riage-*amb]4 ,a consecration to a prie/hood !n foll[$ ) ano9t+4 ,an extreme unction 0 ano!r ( _! rites1 & pray]s = ! dead "o ( _! obs]vances4 ,b>desanes & ,h>monius 7 fam\s = ! beauty ( _! *ants4 ,! prophecies ( ,montanus 7 deliv]$1 l ! oracles ( ! hea!n1 9 a /ate ( en?usiasm or ec/asy4 ,to ,epiphanes1 ! son ( ,c>pocrates1 :o di$ at ! age ( sev5te51 a temple 0 erect$ 9 ! isl& ( ,cephall5ia1 8 "m's bir?place1 :]e he 0 celebrat$ ) hymns & sacrifices4 ,a simil> hon\r 0 paid by ! ,c>pocratians to ,hom]1 ,py?agoras1 ,plato1 ,ari/otle1 z well z to ! ,apo/les2 cr[ns 7 plac$ ^u _! images1 & inc5se burn$ be=e !m4 ,9 "o ( ! inscriptions f\nd at ,cyr5e1 ab\t tw5ty ye>s s9ce1 ,zoroa/]1 ,py?agoras1 ,epicurus1 & o!rs1 are put toge!r ) our ,"l1 z guides ( conduct4 ,^! inscriptions also conta9 ! ,c>pocratian t5et ( a community ( wom54 ,i am unwill+ to allude to ! ,agap & ,communions ( c]ta9 ( ^! sects1 :i* 7 n surpass$ 9 pr(ligacy by ! ,pagan rites ( :i* !y 7 an imitation4 ,! v "n ( ,gno/ic became an expression = ! wor/ impurities1 & no "o d>$ eat bread ) !m1 or use _! cul9>y in/rum5ts or plates4 #ac4 ,^! pr(ligate excesses are f\nd 9 connexion ) ! ex]cise ( magic & a/rology4#bbc3a ,! amulets ( ! ,basilidians are /ill extant 9 great numb]s1 inscrib$ ) symbols1 "s ,*ri/ian1 "s ) figures ( ,isis1 ,s]apis1 & ,anubis1 repres5t$ accord+ to ! gross indec5cies ( ! ,egyptian my?ology4#bbc3b ,/4 ,ir5u _h already connect$ toge!r ! two crimes 9 speak+ ( ! ,simonians3 ,_! my/ical prie/s1 he says1 live 9 lewdness1 & practise magic1 accord+ to ! ability ( ea*4 ,!y use exorcisms & incantations2 love-potions too1 & s$uctive spells2 ! virtue ( spirits1 & dreams1 & all o!r curi\s arts1 !y dilig5tly obs]ve4#bbc3c ,! ,m>cosians 7 especially devot$ to ^! curi\s arts1 :i* are also ascrib$ to ,c>pocrates & ,apelles4 ,m>cion & o!rs are report$ to h us$ a/rology4 ,t]tullian speaks g5]ally ( ! sects ( 8 day3 ,infam\s are ! deal+s ( ! h]etics ) sorc]]s v _m1 ) m\ntebanks1 ) a/rolog]s1 ) philosoph]s1 to wit1 su* z are giv5 to curi\s que/ions4 ,!y ev]y:]e rememb]1 ',seek1 & ye %all f9d4'#bbc3d ,su* 7 ! ,gno/ics2 & to ext]nal & prejudic$ spectators1 :e!r philosoph]s1 z ,celsus & ,porphyry1 or ! multitude1 !y wore an appe>ance suffici5tly l ! ,*ur* to be mi/ak5 = h] 9 ! latt] "p ( ! ,ante-nic5e p]iod1 z %e 0 confus$ ) ! ,pagan my/]ies 9 ! e>li]4 #ad4 ,( c\rse x may happ5 t ! common e/imate conc]n+ a p]son or a body is purely accid5tal & unf\nd$2 b 9 su* cases x is n la/+4 ,su* 7 ! calumnies ( *ild-eat+ & impurity 9 ! ,*ri/ian meet+s1 :i* 7 almo/ ext9ct by ! "t ( ,orig51 & :i* might arise f ! _w's confus+ !m ) ! pagan & h]etical rites4 ,b :5 x cont9ues f age to age1 x is c]ta9ly an index ( a fact1 & corresponds to def9ite qualities 9 ! object to :i* x relates4 ,9 t case1 ev5 mi/akes c>ry in=mation2 = !y are cognate to ! tru?1 & we c all[ = !m4 ,(t5 :at seems l a mi/ake is m]ely ! mode 9 :i* ! in=mant conveys 8 te/imony1 or ! impression :i* a fact makes on him4 ,c5sure is ! natural tone ( "o man 9 a case :]e praise is ! natural tone ( ano!r2 ! v same "* or action inspires "o m9d ) en?usiasm1 & ano!r ) contempt4 ,:at to "o man is magnanimity1 to ano!r is romance1 & pride to a ?ird1 & pret5ce to a f\r?1 :ile to a fif? x is simply un9telligible2 & yet !re is a c]ta9 analogy 9 _! sep>ate te/imonies1 :i* conveys to u :at ! ?+ is l & :at x is n l4 ,:5 a man's ackn[l$g$ note is sup]/ition1 we may be pretty sure we %all n f9d him an ,academic or an ,epicurean2 & ev5 words :i* are ambigu\s1 z a!i/1 or re=m]1 admit ( a sure int]pretation :5 we are in=m$ ( ! speak]4 ,9 l mann]1 !re is a c]ta9 g5]al correspond5ce betwe5 magic & miracle1 ob/9acy & fai?1 insubord9ation & zeal = religion1 sophi/ry & argum5tative tal5t1 craft & meekness1 z is obvi\s4 ,let u proce$ !n 9 our contemplation ( ?is reflection1 z x may be call$ ( primitive ,*ri/ianity 9 ! mirror ( ! _w4 #ae4 ,all ?ree writ]s1 ,tacitus1 ,suetonius1 & ,pl9y1 call x a sup]/ition2 ?is is no accid5tal imputation1 b is repeat$ by a v>iety ( subsequ5t writ]s & speak]s4 ,! *>ge ( ,?ye/ean banquets sc>cely la/s a hundr$ ye>s2 b1 :ile pagan witnesses are to be f\nd1 ! ,*ur* is accus$ ( sup]/ition4 ,! hea!n disputant 9 ,m9ucius calls ,*ri/ianity1 ,vana et dem5s sup]/itio4 ,! lawy] ,mode/9us speaks1 ) an app>5t allusion to ,*ri/ianity1 ( weak m9ds be+ t]rifi$ sup]/itione num9is4 ,! hea!n magi/rate asks ,/4 ,m>cellus1 :e!r he & o!rs h put away va9 sup]/itions1 & wor%ip ! gods :om ! emp]ors wor%ip4 ,! ,pagans 9 ,arnobius speak ( ,*ri/ianity z an execrable & unlucky religion1 full ( impiety & sacrilege1 contam9at+ ! rites in/itut$ f ( old ) ! sup]/ition ( its novelty4 ,! anonym\s oppon5t ( ,lactantius calls x1 ,impia et anilis sup]/itio4 ,diocletian's inscription at ,clunia 01 z x decl>$1 on occasion ( ! total ext9ction ( ! sup]/ition ( ! ,*ri/ians1 & ! ext5sion ( ! wor%ip ( ! gods4 ,maxim91 9 8 ,lett] ^u ,con/ant9e's ,edict1 /ill calls x a sup]/ition4#bbe3a #af4 ,n[ :at is meant by ! ^w ?us atta*$ by a cons5sus ( hea!n au?orities to ,*ri/ianity8 ,at lea/1 x _c mean a religion 9 :i* a man might ?9k :at he pleas$1 & 0 set free f all yokes1 :e!r ( ignorance1 fe>1 au?ority1 or prie/craft4 ,:5 hea!n writ]s call ! ,ori5tal rites sup]/itions1 !y evid5tly use ! ^w 9 its mod]n s5se2 x _c surely be d\bt$ t !y apply x 9 ! same s5se to ,*ri/ianity4 ,b ,plut>* expla9s = u ! ^w at l5g?1 9 8 ,treatise :i* be>s ! "n3 ,( all k9ds ( fe>1 he says1 sup]/ition is ! mo/ fatal to action & res\rce4 ,he does n fe> ! sea :o does n sail1 nor w> :o does n s]ve1 nor robb]s :o keeps at home1 nor ! sycophant :o is poor1 nor ! envi\s if he is a private man1 nor an e>?quake if he lives 9 ,gaul1 nor ?und] if he lives 9 ,e?iopia2 b he :o fe>s ! gods fe>s ev]y?+1 e>?1 seas1 air1 sky1 d>kness1 light1 noises1 sil5ce1 sleep4 ,slaves sleep & =get _! ma/]s2 ( ! fett]$ do? sleep light5 ! *a92 inflam$ w\nds1 ulc]s cruel & agoniz+1 are n felt by ! sleep+4 ,sup]/ition alone has come to no t]ms ) sleep2 b 9 ! v sleep ( h] victims1 z ?\gh !y 7 9 ! realms ( ! impi\s1 %e raises horrible spectres1 & mon/r\s phantoms1 & v>i\s pa9s1 & :irls ! mis]able s\l ab\t1 & p]secutes x4 ,!y rise1 &1 in/ead ( mak+ light ( :at is unreal1 !y fall into ! h&s ( quacks & conjur]s1 :o say1 ',call ! crone to expiate1 ba! 9 ! sea1 & sit all day on ! gr\nd4' ,he goes on to speak ( ! introduction ( unc\? names & b>b>\s t]ms into ! div9e & national au?ority ( religion2 obs]ves t1 :]eas slaves1 :5 !y despair ( fre$om1 may dem& to be sold to ano!r ma/]1 sup]/ition admits ( no *ange ( gods1 s9ce ! god _c be f\nd :om he w n fe>1 :o fe>s ! gods ( 8 family & 8 bir?1 :o %udd]s at ! ,sav+ & ! ,b5ignant1 :o has a trembl+ & dread at ^? f :om we ask ri*es & weal?1 concord1 peace1 success ( all good words & de$s4 ,he says1 moreov]1 t1 :ile dea? is to all m5 an end ( life1 x is n s to ! sup]/iti\s2 = !n !re are deep gates ( hell to yawn1 & headlong /reams ( at once fire & gloom are op5$1 & d>kness ) its _m phantoms encompasses1 gho/s pres5t+ horrid visages & wret*$ voices1 & judges & execution]s1 & *asms & d5s full ( innum]able mis]ies4 ,pres5tly1 he says1 t 9 mis=tune or sickness ! sup]/iti\s man refuses to see physician or philosoph]1 & cries1 ,suff] me1 ,o man1 to und]go puni%m5t1 ! impi\s1 ! curs$1 ! hat$ ( gods & spirits4 ,! ,a!i/1 ) :om all along he is contra/+ ! sup]/iti\s disadvantage\sly1 wipes 8 te>s1 trims 8 hair1 d(fs 8 m\rn+2 b h[ c y address1 h[ help ! sup]/iti\s8 ,he sits ap>t 9 sackclo? or fil?y rags2 & (t5 he /rips himself & rolls 9 ! mud1 & tells out 8 s9s & (f5ces1 z hav+ eat5 & drunk5 some?+1 or walk$ "s way :i* ! div9ity did n all[4 4 4 4 ,& 9 8 be/ mood1 & "u ! influ5ce ( a good-hum\r$ sup]/ition1 he sits at home1 ) sacrifice & slaught] all r\nd him1 :ile ! old crones hang on him z on a peg1 z ,bion says1 any *>m !y fall 9 )4 ,he cont9ues1 ,:at m5 l be/ are fe/ivals1 banquets at ! temples1 initiations1 orgies1 votive pray]s1 & adorations4 ,b ! sup]/iti\s wi%es inde$1 b is unable to rejoice4 ,he is cr[n$ & turns pale2 he sacrifices & is 9 fe>2 he prays ) a quiv]+ voice1 & burns inc5se ) trembl+ h&s1 & altoge!r belies ! say+ ( ,py?agoras1 t we are !n 9 be/ case :5 we g to ! gods2 = sup]/iti\s m5 are 9 mo/ wret*$ & evil case1 approa*+ ! h\ses or %r9es ( ! gods z if !y 7 ! d5s ( be>s1 or ! holes ( snakes1 or ! caves ( :ales4 #ag4 ,"h we h a vivid picture ( ,plut>*'s idea ( ! ess5ce ( ,sup]/ition2 x 0 ! imag9ation ( ! exi/5ce ( an unse5 ev]-pres5t ,ma/]2 ! bondage ( a rule ( life1 ( a cont9ual responsibility2 obligation to att5d to little ?+s1 ! impossibility ( escap+ f duty1 ! inability to *oose or *ange "o's religion1 an int]f]5ce ) ! enjoym5t ( life1 a melan*oly view ( ! _w1 s5se ( s91 horror at guilt1 appreh5sion ( puni%m5t1 dread1 self-abasem5t1 depression1 anxiety & endeav\r to be at peace ) heav51 & error & absurdity 9 ! me?ods *os5 = ! purpose4 ,su* too _h be5 ! idea ( ! ,epicurean ,velleius1 :5 he %runk ) horror f ! sempit]nus dom9us & curiosus ,deus ( ! ,/oics4#bbh3a ,su*1 surely1 0 ! mean+ ( ,tacitus1 ,suetonius1 & ,pl9y4 ,& h5ce ( c\rse ! frequ5t reproa* ca/ on ,*ri/ians z cr$ul\s1 weak-m9d$1 & poor-spirit$4 ,! hea!n objectors 9 ,m9ucius & ,lactantius speak ( _! old-woman's tales4#bbh3b ,celsus accuses !m ( ass5t+ at r&om & )\t reason1 say+1 ,d n inquire1 b believe4 ,!y lay x d[n1 he says else:]e1 ,let no educat$ man approa*1 no man ( wisdom1 no man ( s5se2 b if a man be unle>n$1 weak 9 intellect1 an infant1 let him come ) confid5ce4 ,confess+ t ^! are wor?y ( _! ,god1 !y evid5tly desire1 z !y are able1 to conv]t none b fools1 & vulg>1 & /upid1 & slavi%1 wom5 & boys4 ,!y take 9 ! simple1 & lead him :]e !y w4 ,!y address !mselves to y\?s1 h\se-s]vants1 & ! weak 9 intellect4 ,!y hurry away f ! educat$1 z n fit subjects ( _! imposition1 & inveigle ! ru/ic4#bbh3c ,?\1 says ! hea!n magi/rate to ! ,m>tyr ,fructuosus1 :o z a tea*] do/ dissem9ate a new fable1 t fickle girls may des]t ! groves & ab&on ,jupit]1 condemn1 if ?\ art wise1 ! anile cre$4#bbi3a #ah4 ,h5ce ! epi!ts ( it9]ant1 m\ntebank1 conjur]1 *eat1 sophi/1 sorc]]1 heap$ ^u ! tea*]s ( ,*ri/ianity2 sometimes to acc\nt = ! report or app>5t tru? ( _! miracles1 sometimes to expla9 _! success4 ,our ,"l 0 said to h le>n$ ,8 miracul\s p[] 9 ,egypt2 wiz>d1 m$ic9]1 *eat1 rogue1 conjur]1 7 ! epi!ts appli$ to ,him by ! oppon5ts ( ,eusebius2#bbi3b !y wor%ip t crucifi$ sophi/1 says ,lucian2#bbi3c ,paul1 :o surpasses all ! conjur]s & impo/ors :o ev] liv$1 is ,julian's acc\nt ( ! ,apo/le4 ,y h s5t ?r\gh ! :ole _w1 says ,/4 ,ju/9 to ,trypho1 to prea* t a c]ta9 a!i/ic & lawless sect has sprung f "o ,jesus1 a ,galilean *eat4#bbi3d ,we "k1 says ,lucian1 speak+ ( ,*aldeans & ,magicians1 ! ,syrian f ,pale/9e1 :o is ! sophi/ 9 ^! matt]s1 h[ _m lunatics1 ) eyes di/ort$ & m\? 9 foam1 he raises & s5ds away re/or$1 ridd+ !m f ! evil at a great price4#bbi3e ,if any conjur] came to !m1 a man ( skill & kn[+ h[ to manage matt]s1 says ! same writ]1 he made money 9 no "t1 ) a broad gr9 at ! simple fell[s4#bbi3f ,! (fic] :o _h cu/ody ( ,/4 ,p]petua fe>$ h] escape f prison by magical incantations4#bbi3g ,:5 ,/4 ,tiburtius _h walk$ b>efoot on hot coals1 8 judge cri$ out t ,*ri/ _h taught him magic4 ,/4 ,ana/asia 0 ?r[n into prison z a m$ic9]2 ! populace call$ out aga9/ ,/4 ,agnes1 ,away ) ! wit*1 ,tolle magam1 tolle maleficam4 ,:5 ,/4 ,bonosus & ,/4 ,maximilian bore ! burn+ pit* )\t %r9k+1 ,jews & ,g5tiles cri$ out1 ,i/i magi et malefici4 ,:at new delusion1 says ! hea!n magi/rate conc]n+ ,/4 ,romanus1 has br\ght 9 ^! sophi/s to d5y ! wor%ip ( ! gods8 ,h[ do? ?is *ief sorc]] mock u1 skill$ by 8 ,!ssalian *>m 7c>m9e7 to laugh at puni%m5t4#bcj3a ,h5ce we ga!r ! mean+ ( ! ^w c>m5 z us$ by ,pl9y2 :5 he speaks ( ! ,*ri/ians say+ ) "o ano!r a c>m5 to ,*ri/ z to a god1 he meant pretty mu* :at ,suetonius expresses by ! malefica sup]/itio4#bcj3b ,& ! words ( ! la/-m5tion$ writ] & ,tacitus are /ill m exactly1 &1 ,i may say1 s+ul>ly illu/rat$ by clauses :i* occur 9 ! ,!odosian code2 :i* seem to %[ t ^! hi/orians 7 us+ =mal t]ms & phrases to express _! notion ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,= in/ance1 ,tacitus says1 ,quos p] flagitia invisos1 vulgus ,*ri/ianos appellabat2 & ! ,law aga9/ ! ,malefici & ,ma!matici 9 ! ,code speaks ( ^?1 ,quos ob fac9orum magnitud9em vulgus maleficos appellat4#bcj3c ,aga91 ,tacitus *>ges ,*ri/ians ) ! odium humani g5]is3 ?is is ! v *>act]i/ic ( a practis] 9 magic2 ! ,laws call ! ,malefici1 humani g5]is ho/es1 humani g5]is inimici1 natur p]egr9i1 communis salutis ho/es4#bcj3d #ai4 ,?is also expla9s ! ph5om5on1 :i* has creat$ s mu* surprise to c]ta9 mod]ns2--t a grave1 well-in=m$ hi/orian l ,tacitus %\ld apply to ,*ri/ians :at s\nds l abuse4 ,yet :at is ! difficulty1 suppos+ t ,*ri/ians 7 consid]$ ma!matici & magi1 & ^! 7 ! secret intrigu]s aga9/ e/abli%$ gov]nm5t1 ! allies ( desp]ate politicians1 ! enemies ( ! e/abli%$ religion1 ! dissem9ators ( ly+ rum\rs1 ! p]petrators ( poison+s & o!r crimes8 ,read ?is1 says ,paley1 aft] quot+ "s ( ! mo/ beautiful & subdu+ passages ( ,/4 ,paul1 read ?is1 & !n ?9k ( exitiabilis sup]/itio2 & he goes on to express a wi% 9 cont5d+ ) hea!n au?orities1 to produce our books aga9/ !irs1#bca3a z if x 7 a matt] ( books4 ,public m5 c>e v little = books2 ! f9e/ s5tim5ts1 ! mo/ lum9\s philosophy1 ! deepe/ !ology1 inspiration itself1 moves !m b little2 !y look at facts1 & c>e only = facts4 ,! "q 01 ,:at 0 ! wor?1 :at ! t5d5cy ( ! ,*ri/ian body 9 ! /ate8 :at ,*ri/ians said1 :at !y ?\ght1 0 little to ! purpose4 ,!y might exhort to peaceabl5ess & passive ob$i5ce z /rongly z words c\ld speak2 b :at did !y d1 :at 0 _! political position8 ,?is is :at /atesm5 ?\ght ( !n1 z !y d n[4 ,:at _h m5 ( ! _w to d ) ab/ract pro(s or fir/ pr9ciples8 a /atesman measures p>ties1 & sects1 & writ]s by _! be>+ ^u him2 & he has a practis$ eye 9 ?is sort ( judgm5t1 & is n likely to be mi/ak54 ',:at is ,tru?8' said je/+ ,pilate4 ,apologies1 h[ev] eloqu5t or true1 avail$ no?+ ) ! ,roman magi/rate aga9/ ! sure in/9ct :i* taught him to dread ,*ri/ianity4 ,x 0 a dang]\s enemy to any p[] n built ^u itself2 he felt x1 & ! ev5t ju/ifi$ 8 appreh5sion4 #bj4 ,we mu/ n =get ! well-kn[n "* ( ! ,roman /ate 9 its deal+s ) its subjects4 ,x _h _h f ! fir/ an extreme jeal\sy ( secret societies2 x 0 prep>$ to grant a l>ge tol]ation & a broad compreh5sion1 b1 z is ! case ) mod]n gov]nm5ts1 x wi%$ to h jurisdiction & ! ultimate au?ority 9 e movem5t ( ! body politic & social1 & its civil in/itutions 7 bas$1 or ess5tially dep5d$1 on its religion4 ,accord+ly1 e innovation ^u ! e/abli%$ paganism1 except x 0 all[$ by ! law1 0 rigidly repress$4 ,h5ce ! pr(essors ( l[ sup]/itions1 ( my/]ies1 ( magic1 ( a/rology1 7 ! outlaws ( society1 & 7 9 a condition analog\s1 if ! comp>ison may be all[$1 to smuggl]s or poa*]s among ourselves1 or p]haps to burgl>s & highwaym54 ,! mod]n robb] is sometimes made to ask 9 novels or essays1 :y ! majority ( a p %\ld b9d ! m9ority1 & :y he is am5able to laws :i* he does n enact2 b ! magi/rate1 rely+ on ! p[] ( ! sword1 wi%es all m5 to ga9 a liv+ inde$1 & to prosp]1 b only 9 8 own legally sanction$ ways1 & he hangs or transports diss5t]s f 8 au?ority4 ,! ,romans appli$ ?is rule to religion4 ,l>dn] prote/s aga9/ ,pl9y's application ( ! words contumacy & inflexible ob/9acy to ! ,*ri/ians ( ,pontus4 ,inde$1 ^! are h>d words1 he says1 v improp]ly appli$ to m5 :o 7 op5 to conviction1 & will+ to satisfy o!rs1 if !y might h leave to speak4#bcb3a ,& he says1 ,x seems to me t ,pl9y act$ v arbitr>ily & unrighte\sly1 9 8 treatm5t ( ! ,*ri/ians 9 8 prov9ce4 ,:at "r _h ,pl9y to act 9 ?is mann]8 by :at law or laws did he puni% !m ) dea?8--b ! ,romans _h ev] burnt ! sorc]]1 & bani%$ 8 consult]s = life4#bcc3a ,x 0 an anci5t cu/om4 ,& at my/]ies !y look$ ) especial suspicion1 because1 s9ce ! e/abli%$ religion did n include !m 9 its provisions1 !y really did supply :at may be call$ a dem& ( ! age4 ,! ,greeks ( an e>li] day _h naturaliz$ among !mselves ! ,eleus9ian & o!r my/]ies1 :i* _h come f ,egypt & ,syria1 & _h little to fe> f a fre% invasion f ! same qu>t]2 yet ev5 9 ,greece1 z ,plut>* tells u1 ! c>m9a ( ! it9]ants ( ,cybele & ,s]apis ?rew ! ,py?ian v]ses out ( fa%ion1 & h5ce=? ! responses f ! temple 7 giv5 9 prose4 ,soon ! oracles altoge!r ceas$4 ,:at w\ld cause 9 ! ,roman m9d /ill great] jeal\sy ( ,*ri/ianity 0 ! g5]al infidelity :i* prevail$ among all classes z reg>ds ! my?ological fables ( ,*>on1 ,c]b]us1 & ! realms ( puni%m5t4#bcc3b #ba4 ,we "k :at opposition _h be5 made 9 ,rome ev5 to ! philosophy ( ,greece2 mu* great] w\ld be ! av]sion ( con/itutional /atesm5 & lawy]s to ! ritual ( b>b>ians4 ,religion 0 ! ,roman po9t ( hon\r4 ,spani>ds might rival !m 9 numb]s1 says ,cic]o1 ,gauls 9 bodily /r5g?1 ,c>?ag9ians 9 address1 ,greeks 9 ! arts1 ,italians & ,lat9s 9 native tal5t1 b ! ,romans surpass$ all nations 9 piety & devotion4#bcd3a ,x 0 "o ( _! laws1 ,let no "o h gods by himself1 nor wor%ip 9 private new gods nor adv5titi\s1 unless add$ on public au?ority4#bcd3b ,lutatius1#bcd3c at ! end ( ! fir/ ,punic w>1 0 =bidd5 by ! s5ate to consult ! ,sortes ,prne/9 z be+ auspicia ali5ig5a4 ,"s ye>s aft]w>ds ! ,consul took axe 9 h&1 & comm5c$ ! de/ruction ( ! temples ( ,isis & ,s]apis4 ,9 ! second ,punic w>1 ! s5ate _h comm&$ ! surr5d] ( ! libri vatic9i or precationes1 & any writt5 art ( sacrific+4 ,:5 a secret confrat]nity 0 discov]$1 at a lat] date1 ! ,consul spoke ( ! rule ( _! ance/ors :i* =bade ! =um1 circus1 & city to ,sacrificuli & prophets1 & burnt _! books4 ,9 ! next age bani%m5t 0 inflict$ on individuals :o 7 introduc+ ! wor%ip ( ! ,syrian ,sabazius2 & 9 ! next ! ,iseion & ,s]apeion 7 de/roy$ a second "t4 ,mc5as 9 ,dio advises ,augu/us to hon\r ! gods accord+ to ! national cu/om1 because ! contempt ( ! c\ntry's deities leads to civil insubord9ation1 reception ( =eign laws1 conspiracies1 & secret meet+s4#bcd3d ,suff] no "o1 he adds1 to d5y ! gods or to practise sorc]y4 ,! civilian ,julius ,paulus lays x d[n z "o ( ! lead+ pr9ciples ( ,roman ,law1 t ^? :o introduce new or untri$ religions %\ld be degrad$1 & if 9 ! l[] ord]s put to dea?4#bcd3e ,9 l mann]1 x is enact$ 9 "o ( ,con/ant9e's ,laws t ! ,h>uspices %\ld n ex]cise _! art 9 private2 & !re is a law ( ,val5t9ian's aga9/ nocturnal sacrifices or magic4 ,x is m imm$iately to our purpose t ,trajan _h be5 s e>ne/ 9 8 resi/ance to ,hetri or secret societies1 t1 :5 a fire _h laid wa/e ,nicom$ia1 & ,pl9y propos$ to him to incorporate a body ( a hundr$ & fifty firem5 9 consequ5ce1#bce3a he 0 afraid ( ! prec$5t & =bade x4 #bb4 ,:at has be5 said w sugge/ ano!r po9t ( view 9 :i* ! ,ori5tal rites 7 obnoxi\s to ! gov]nm5t1 viz41 z be+ vagrant & proselytiz+ religions4 ,if x tol]at$ =eign sup]/itions1 ?is w\ld be on ! gr\nd t di/ricts or c\ntries )9 its jurisdiction held !m2 to proselytize to a rite hi!rto unkn[n1 to =m a new p>ty1 & to propagate x ?r\gh ! ,empire1--a religion n local b ,ca?olic1--0 an (f5ce aga9/ bo? ord] & reason4 ,! /ate desir$ peace ev]y:]e1 & no *ange2 consid]+1 accord+ to ,lactantius1 t !y 7 rightly & des]v$ly puni%$ :o execrat$ ! public religion h&$ d[n to !m by _! ance/ors4#bce3b ,x is impossible surely to d5y t1 9 assembl+ = religi\s purposes1 ! ,*ri/ians 7 break+ a solemn law1 a vital pr9ciple ( ! ,roman con/itution2 & ?is is ! light 9 :i* _! conduct 0 reg>d$ by ! hi/orians & philosoph]s ( ! ,empire4 ,?is 0 a v /rong act on ! "p ( ! disciples ( ! great ,apo/le1 :o _h enjo9$ ob$i5ce to ! p[]s t be4 ,"t aft] "t !y resi/$ ! au?ority ( ! magi/rate2 & ?is is a ph5om5on inexplicable on ! !ory ( ,private ,judgm5t or ( ! ,volunt>y ,pr9ciple4 ,! ju/ification ( su* disob$i5ce lies simply 9 ! necessity ( obey+ ! high] au?ority ( "s div9e law2 b if ,*ri/ianity 7 9 its ess5ce only private & p]sonal1 z s _m n[ ?9k1 !re 0 no necessity ( _! meet+ toge!r at all4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 9 assembl+ = wor%ip & holy communion1 !y 7 fulfill+ an indisp5sable obs]vance1 ,*ri/ianity has impos$ a social law on ! _w1 & =mally ent]s ! field ( politics4 ,gibbon says t1 9 consequ5ce ( ,pl9y's edict1 ! prud5ce ( ! ,*ri/ians susp5d$ _! ,agap2 b x 0 impossible = !m to omit ! ex]cise ( public wor%ip4#bcf3a ,we c draw no o!r conclusion4 #bc4 ,at ! end ( ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 a m rem>kable violation ( law seems to h be5 admitt$ by ! ,*ri/ian body4 ,x %all be giv5 9 ! words ( ,dr4 ,burton2 he has be5 speak+ ( ,maxim9's edict1 :i* provid$ = ! re/itution ( any ( _! l&s or build+s :i* _h be5 ali5at$ f !m4 ,x is pla91 he says1 f ! t]ms ( ?is edict1 t ! ,*ri/ians _h = "s "t be5 9 possession ( prop]ty4 ,x speaks ( h\ses & l&s :i* did n belong to individuals1 b to ! :ole body4 ,_! possession ( su* prop]ty c\ld h>dly h escap$ ! notice ( ! gov]nm5t2 b x seems to h be5 held 9 direct violation ( a law ( ,diocletian1 :i* prohibit$ corporate bodies1 or associations :i* 7 n legally recogniz$1 f acquir+ prop]ty4 ,! ,*ri/ians 7 c]ta9ly n a body recogniz$ by law at ! beg9n+ ( ! reign ( ,diocletian1 & x might almo/ be ?\ght t ?is enactm5t 0 specially direct$ aga9/ !m4 ,b1 l o!r laws :i* are f\nd$ ^u tyranny1 & are at v>iance ) ! fir/ pr9ciples ( ju/ice1 x is probable t ?is law ab\t corporate prop]ty 0 evad$4 ,we mu/ suppose t ! ,*ri/ians _h pur*as$ l&s & h\ses be=e ! law 0 pass$2 & _! disreg>d ( ! prohibition may be tak5 z ano!r pro( t _! religion _h n[ tak5 s firm a foot+ t ! executors ( ! laws 7 oblig$ to connive at _! be+ brok5 by s num]\s a body4#bcg3a #bd4 ,no wond] t ! magi/rate :o presid$ at ! m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,romanus calls !m 9 ,prud5tius a rebel p2#bcg3b t ,gal]ius speaks ( !m z a nef>i\s conspiracy2 ! hea!n 9 ,m9ucius1 z m5 ( a desp]ate faction2 t o!rs make !m guilty ( sacrilege & treason1 & call !m by ^? o!r titles :i*1 m closely resembl+ ! language ( ,tacitus1 h be5 notic$ above4 ,h5ce ! viol5t accusations aga9/ !m z ! de/ruction ( ! ,empire1 ! au?ors ( physical evils1 & ! cause ( ! ang] ( ! gods4 ,m5 cry out1 says ,t]tullian1 t ! /ate is beset1 t ! ,*ri/ians are 9 _! fields1 9 _! =ts1 9 _! isl&s4 ,!y m\rn z = a loss t e sex1 condition1 & n[ ev5 rank1 is go+ ov] to ?is sect4 ,& yet !y d n by ?is v means advance _! m9ds to ! idea ( "s good !re9 hidd52 !y all[ n !mselves to conjecture m rightly1 !y *oose n to exam9e m closely4 ,! g5]ality run ^u a hatr$ ( ?is "n1 ) eyes s clos$ t 9 be>+ fav\rable te/imony to any "o !y m+le ) x ! reproa* ( ! "n4 ',a good man ,caius ,seius1 only he is a ,*ri/ian4' ,s ano!r1 ',i m>vel t t wise man ,lucius ,titius ha? sudd5ly become a ,*ri/ian4' ,no "o reflecte? :e!r ,caius be n !re=e good & ,lucius wise because a ,*ri/ian1 or !re=e a ,*ri/ian because wise & good4 ,!y praise t :i* !y "k1 !y revile t :i* !y "k n4 ,virtue is n 9 su* acc\nt z hatr$ ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,n[1 !n1 if ! hatr$ be ( ! "n1 :at guilt is !re 9 names8 ,:at *>ge aga9/ words8 ,unless x be t any ^w :i* is a "n h ei!r a b>b>\s or ill-om5$1 or a scurril\s or an immode/ s\nd4 ,if ! ,tib] come? up to ! walls1 if ! ,nile come? n up to ! fields1 if ! heav5 ha? /ood /ill1 if ! e>? ha? be5 mov$1 if !re be any fam9e1 if any pe/il5ce1 ',! ,*ri/ians to ! lions' is =?) ! ^w4#bch3a #be4 ,m5 ( a desp]ate1 lawless1 reckless faction1 says ! hea!n ,ccilius1 9 ! passage above ref]r$ to1 :o collect toge!r out ( ! l[e/ rabble ! ?\ghtless portion1 & cr$ul\s wom5 s$uc$ by ! weakness ( _! sex1 & =m a mob ( impure conspirators1 ( :om nocturnal assemblies1 & solemn fa/+s1 & unnatural food1 no sacr$ rite b pollution1 is ! bond4 ,a tribe lurk+ & light-hat+1 dumb = ! public1 talkative 9 corn]s1 !y despise our temples z if graves1 spit at our gods1 d]ide our religi\s =ms2 pitiable !mselves1 !y pity1 =soo?1 our prie/s2 half-nak$ !mselves1 !y despise our hon\rs & purple2 mon/r\s folly & incr$ible impud5ce6 4 4 4 ,day aft] day1 _! ab&on$ morals w9d _! s]p5t9e c\rse2 ov] ! :ole _w are ^? mo/ hide\s rites ( an impi\s association gr[+ into %ape3 4 4 4 !y recognize ea* o!r by m>ks & signs1 & love ea* o!r almo/ be=e !y recognize2 promiscu\s lu/ is _! religion4 ,?us does _! va9 & mad sup]/ition glory 9 crimes4 4 4 ,! writ] :o tells ! /ory ( a crim9al capitally puni%$1 & ( ! gibbet 7ligna f]alia7 ( ! cross be+ _! obs]vance 7c]emonias71 assigns to !m !reby an alt> 9 keep+ ) ! ab&on$ & wick$1 t !y may wor%ip 7colant7 :at !y m]it4 4 4 4 ,:y _! mighty ef=t to hide & %r\d :atev] x is !y wor%ip 7colunt71 s9ce ?+s hone/ ev] l ! op5 day1 & crimes are secret8 ,:y h !y no alt>s1 no temples1 no images kn[n to u1 nev] speak abroad1 nev] assemble freely1 7 x n t :at !y wor%ip & suppress is subject ei!r ( puni%m5t or ( %ame8 4 4 ,:at mon/r\s1 :at port5t\s notions d !y fabricate6 t t ,god ( !irs1 :om !y c nei!r %[ nor see1 %\ld be inquir+ dilig5tly into ! *>act]s1 ! acts1 nay ! words & secret ?\ghts ( all m52 runn+ to & fro1 =soo?1 & pres5t ev]y:]e1 tr\blesome1 re/less1 nay impud5tly curi\s !y w\ld h him2 t is1 if he is close at e de$1 int]f]es 9 all places1 :ile he c nei!r att5d to ea* z be+ di/ract$ ?r\gh ! :ole1 nor suffice = ! :ole z be+ engag$ ab\t ea*4 ,?9k too ( _! ?reat5+ fire1 m$itat+ de/ruction to ! :ole e>?1 nay ! _w itself ) its />s6 4 4 4 ,nor cont5t ) ?is mad op9ion1 !y add & app5d _! old wives' tales ab\t a new bir? aft] dea?1 a%es & c9d]s1 & by "s /range confid5ce believe ea* o!r's lies4 ,poor creatures6 consid] :at hangs ov] y aft] dea?1 :ile y are /ill alive4 ,lo1 ! great] "p ( y1 ! bett]1 z y say1 are 9 want1 cold1 toil1 hung]1 & y\r ,god suff]s x2 b ,i omit common trials4 ,lo1 ?reats are (f]$ to y1 puni%m5ts1 torm5ts2 crosses to be und]gone n[1 n wor%ipp$ 7ador&72 fires too :i* ye pr$ict & fe>2 :]e is t ,god :o c recov]1 b _c pres]ve y\r life8 ,! answ] ( ,socrates1 :5 he 0 ask$ ab\t heav5ly matt]s1 is well kn[n1 ',:at is above u does n conc]n u4' ,my op9ion also is1 t po9ts :i* are d\btful1 z are ! po9ts 9 "q1 mu/ be left2 nor1 :5 s _m & su* great m5 are 9 controv]sy on ! subject1 mu/ judgm5t be ra%ly & audaci\sly giv5 on ei!r side1 le/ ! consequ5ce be ei!r anile sup]/ition or ! ov]?r[ ( all religion4 #bf4 ,su* 0 ,*ri/ianity 9 ! eyes ( ^? :o witness$ its rise & propagation2--"o ( a numb] ( wild & b>b>\s rites :i* 7 p\r+ 9 ^u ! ,empire f ! anci5t realms ( sup]/ition1 & ! "m ( a prog5y ( sects :i* 7 fai?ful to ! orig9al !y _h d]iv$ f ,egypt or ,syria2 a religion unwor?y ( an educat$ p]son1 z appeal+1 n to ! intellect1 b to ! fe>s & weaknesses ( human nature1 & consi/+1 n 9 ! rational & *e]ful enjoym5t1 b 9 a morose rejection ( ! gifts ( ,provid5ce2 a horrible religion1 z inflict+ or enjo9+ cruel suff]+s1 & mon/r\s & loa?some 9 its v indulg5ce ( ! passions2 a religion lead+ by reaction to infidelity2 a religion ( magic1 & ( ! vulg> arts1 real & pret5d$1 ) :i* magic 0 accompani$2 a secret religion :i* d>$ n face ! day2 an it9]ant1 busy1 proselytiz+ religion1 =m+ an ext5d$ conf$]acy aga9/ ! /ate1 resi/+ its au?ority & break+ its laws4 ,!re may be "s exceptions to ?is g5]al impression1 su* z ,pl9y's discov]y ( ! innoc5t & virtu\s rule ( life adopt$ by ! ,*ri/ians ( ,pontus2 b ?is only proves t ,*ri/ianity 0 n 9 fact ! infam\s religion :i* ! hea!n ?\ght x2 x did n rev]se _! g5]al belief to t effect4 #bg4 ,n[ x mu/ be grant$ t1 9 "s respects1 ?is view ( ,*ri/ianity dep5d$ on ! times1 & w\ld alt] ) _! alt]ation4 ,:5 !re 0 no p]secution1 ,m>tyrs c\ld n be ob/9ate2 & :5 ! ,*ur* 0 rais$ al(t 9 high places1 x 0 no long] 9 caves4 ,/ill1 ,i believe1 x cont9u$ sub/antially ! same 9 ! judgm5t ( ! _w ext]nal to x1 :ile !re 0 an ext]nal _w to judge ( x4 ,!y ?\ght x en\gh1 says ,julian 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 ( our ,"l & ,8 ,apo/les1 to deceive wom51 s]vants1 & slaves1 & by _! means wives & husb&s4 ,a human fabrication1 says he else:]e1 put toge!r by wick$ness1 hav+ no?+ div9e 9 x1 b mak+ a p]v]t$ use ( ! fable-lov+1 *ildi%1 irrational "p ( ! s\l1 & (f]+ a set ( wond]s to create belief4 ,mis]able m51 he says else:]e1 y refuse to wor%ip ! ancile1 yet y wor%ip ! wood ( ! cross1 & sign x on y\r =eheads1 & fix x on y\r doors4 ,%all "o = ?is hate ! intellig5t among y1 or pity ! less und]/&+1 :o 9 foll[+ y h gone to su* an excess ( p]dition z to leave ! ev]la/+ gods & g ov] to a dead ,jew8 ,he speaks ( _! add+ o!r dead m5 to ,him :o di$ s long ago4 ,y h fill$ all places ) sepul*res & monum5ts1 ?\gh x is n[h]e told y 9 y\r religion to haunt ! tombs & to att5d ^u !m4 ,else:]e he speaks ( _! leav+ ! gods = corpses & relics4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he attributes ! gr[? ( ,*ri/ianity to its humanity t[>ds /rang]s1 c>e 9 bury+ ! dead1 & pret5d$ religi\sness ( life4 ,9 ano!r place he speaks ( _! c>e ( ! poor4#bda3a ,libanius1 ,julian's preceptor 9 rhetoric1 deliv]s ! same te/imony1 z f> z x goes4 ,he address$ 8 ,oration = ! ,temples to a ,*ri/ian ,emp]or1 & w\ld 9 consequ5ce be gu>d$ 9 8 language2 h[ev] x runs 9 "o direction4 ,he speaks ( ^? black-habit$ m51 mean+ ! monks1 :o eat m ?an elephants1 & by ! numb] ( _! potations tr\ble ^? :o s5d !m dr9k 9 _! *ant+s1 & conceal ?is by pal5ess artificially acquir$4 ,!y are 9 good condition out ( ! mis=tunes ( o!rs1 :ile !y pret5d to s]ve ,god by hung]4 ,^? :om !y attack are l bees1 !y l drones4 ,i d n quote ?is passage to prove t !re 7 monks 9 ,libanius's days1 :i* no "o d\bts1 b to %[ 8 impression ( ,*ri/ianity1 z f> z 8 works betray x4 ,numantian1 9 ! same c5tury1 describes 9 v]se 8 voyage f ,rome to ,gaul3 "o book ( ! poem is extant2 he falls 9 ) ,*ri/ianity on two ( ! isl&s :i* lie 9 8 c\rse4 ,he ?us describes !m z f\nd on "o ( ^!3 ,! isl& is 9 a squalid /ate1 be+ full ( light-hat]s4 ,!y call !mselves monks1 because !y wi% to live alone )\t witness4 ,!y dread ! gifts1 f fe>+ ! rev]ses1 ( =tune4 ,?us ,hom] says t melan*oly 0 ! cause ( ,bell]ophon's anxiety2 = x is said t aft] ! w\nds ( grief mank9d displeas$ ! (f5d$ y\?4 ,he meets on ! o!r isl& a ,*ri/ian1 :om he _h kn[n1 ( good family & =tune1 & happy 9 8 m>riage1 :o impell$ by ! ,furies _h left m5 & gods1 &1 cr$ul\s exile1 0 liv+ 9 base concealm5t4 ,is n ?is h]d1 he cont9ues1 worse ?an ,circean poison8 !n bodies 7 *ang$1 n[ m9ds4 #bh4 ,9 ! ,philopatris1 :i* is ! "w ( an ,au?or ( ! f\r? c5tury1#bdb3a ,critias is introduc$ pale & wild4 ,8 fri5d asks him if he has se5 ,c]b]us or ,hecate2 & he answ]s t he has he>d a rigm>ole f c]ta9 ?rice-curs$ sophi/s2 :i* he ?9ks w\ld drive him mad1 if he he>d x aga91 & 0 ne>ly s5d+ him headlong ov] "s cliff z x 04 ,he retires = relief ) 8 inquir] to a pleasant place1 %ad[$ by planes1 :]e swall[s & night+ales are s++1 & a quiet brook is purl+4 ,triephon1 8 fri5d1 expresses a fe> le/ he has he>d "s incantation1 & is l$ by ! c\rse ( ! dialogue1 be=e 8 fri5d tells 8 tale1 to give "s acc\nt ( ,*ri/ianity1 be+ himself a ,*ri/ian4 ,aft] speak+ ( ! creation1 z describ$ by ,moses1 he falls at once ^u t doctr9e ( a p>ticul> provid5ce :i* is s di/a/eful to ,plut>*1 ,velleius 9 ,cic]o1 & ,ccilius1 & g5]ally to unbeliev]s4 ,he is 9 heav51 he says1 look+ at j & unju/1 & caus+ actions to be ent]$ 9 books2 & ,he w recomp5se all on a day :i* ,he has appo9t$4 ,critias objects t he _c make ?is consi/5t ) ! receiv$ doctr9e ab\t ! ,fates1 ev5 ?\gh he has p]haps be5 c>ri$ al(t ) 8 ma/]1 & initiat$ 9 unspeakable my/]ies4 ,he also asks if ! de$s ( ! ,scy?ians are writt5 9 heav52 = if s1 !re mu/ be _m scribes !re4 ,aft] "s m words1 9 c\rse ( :i*1 z 9 ! e>li] "p ( ! dialogue1 ! doctr9e ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity is introduc$1 ,critias gives an acc\nt ( :at befell him4 ,he says1 he fell 9 ) a cr[d 9 ! /reets2 &1 :ile ask+ a fri5d ! cause ( x1 o!rs jo9$ !m 7,*ri/ians or monks71 & a conv]sation ensues1 "p ( x corrupt or obscure1 on ! subject1 z ,gesn] supposes1 ( ,julian's oppression ( ! ,*ri/ians1 especially ( ! cl]gy4 ,"o ( ^! int]locutors is a wret*$ old man1 ^: phlegm is pal] ?an dea?2 ano!r has a rott5 cloke on1 & no cov]+ on head or feet1 :o says he has be5 told by "s ill-clad p]son f ! m\nta9s1 ) a %orn cr[n1 t 9 ! !atre 0 a "n hi]oglyphically writt5 ( "o :o w\ld flood ! highway ) gold4 ,on 8 laugh+ at ! /ory1 8 fri5d ,crato1 :om he _h jo9$1 bids him be sil5t1 us+ a ,py?agorean ^w2 = he has mo/ excell5t matt]s to initiate him into1 & t ! pr$iction is no dream b true1 & w be fulfill$ 9 ,augu/1 us+ ! ,egyptian "n ( ! mon?4 ,he attempts to leave !m 9 disgu/1 b ,crato pulls him back at ! in/igation ( t old demon4 ,he is 9 consequ5ce p]suad$ to g to ^? conjur]s1 :o1 says ,crato1 w\ld initiate 9 all my/]ies4 ,he f9ds1 9 a build+ :i* is describ$ 9 ! language us$ by ,hom] ( ! ,palace ( ,m5elaus1 n ,hel51 no1 b m5 pale & d[nca/1 :o ask1 :e!r !re 0 any bad news2 = !y seem$1 he says1 wi%+ ! wor/2 & rejoic+ 9 mis=tune1 z ! ,furies 9 ! !atres4 ,on _! ask+ him h[ ! city & ! _w w5t on1 & 8 answ]+ t ?+s w5t on smoo?ly & seem$ likely to d s /ill1 !y fr[n1 & say t ! city is 9 travail ) a bad bir?4 ,y1 :o dwell al(t1 he answ]s1 & see ev]y?+ f on high1 d\btless h a ke5 p]ception 9 ?is matt]2 b tell me1 h[ is ! sky8 w ! ,sun be eclips$8 w ,m>s be 9 quadrature ) ,jupit]8 c42 & he goes on to je/ ^u _! celibacy4 ,on _! p]si/+ 9 prophesy+ evil to ! /ate1 he says1 ,?is evil w fall on y\r own head1 s9ce y are s h>d ^u y\r c\ntry2 = n z high-fly]s h ye he>d ?is1 nor are ye adepts 9 ! re/less a/rological art1 b if div9ations & conjur+s h s$uc$ y1 d\ble is y\r /upidity2 = !y are ! discov]ies ( old wom5 & ?+s to laugh at4 ,! int]view !n draws to an end2 b m ?an en\gh has be5 quot$ already to %[ ! au?or's notion ( ,*ri/ianity4 #bi4 ,su* 0 ! language ( paganism aft] ,*ri/ianity _h = fifty ye>s be5 expos$ to ! public gaze2 aft] x _h be5 be=e ! _w = fifty m1 ,/4 ,augu/9e _h /ill to def5d x aga9/ ! *>ge ( be+ ! cause ( ! calamities ( ! ,empire4 ,& = ! *>ge ( magic1 :5 ! ,arian bi%ops 7 9 =mal disputations ) ! ,ca?olic1 be=e ,gungebald1 ,burgundian ,k+ ( ,france1 at ! end ( ! fif? c5tury1 we f9d /ill t !y *>g$ ! ,ca?olics ) be+ pr/igiatores1 & wor%ipp+ a numb] ( gods2 & :5 ! ,ca?olics propos$ t ! k+ %\ld repair to ! %r9e ( ,/4 ,ju/us1 :]e bo? p>ties might ask him conc]n+ _! respective fai?s1 ! ,arians cri$ out t !y w\ld n seek en*antm5ts l ,saul1 = ,scripture 0 en\gh = !m1 :i* 0 m p[]ful ?an all bewit*m5ts4#bde3a ,?is 0 said1 n aga9/ /rang]s ( :om !y knew no?+1 z ,e!lb]t might be suspici\s ( ,/4 ,augu/9e & 8 bro!r mission>ies1 b aga9/ a body ( m5 :o liv$ among !m4 ,i d n ?9k x c be d\bt$ !n t1 _h ,tacitus1 ,suetonius1 & ,pl9y1 ,celsus1 ,porphyry1 & ! o!r oppon5ts ( ,*ri/ianity1 liv$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 _! evid5ce conc]n+ ,*ri/ianity w\ld be v mu* ! same z x has come d[n to u f ! c5turies be=e x4 ,9 ei!r case1 a man ( ! _w & a philosoph] w\ld h be5 disgu/$ at ! gloom & sadness ( its pr(ession1 its my/]i\sness1 its claim ( miracles1 ! want ( good s5se imputable to its rule ( life1 & ! unsettlem5t & discord x 0 introduc+ into ! social & political _w4 #cj4 ,on ! :ole !n ,i conclude z foll[s3--if !re is a =m ( ,*ri/ianity n[ 9 ! _w :i* is accus$ ( gross sup]/ition1 ( borr[+ its rites & cu/oms f ! hea!n1 & ( ascrib+ to =ms & c]emonies an occult virtue2--a religion :i* is consid]$ to burd5 & enslave ! m9d by its requisitions1 to address itself to ! weak-m9d$ & ignorant1 to be support$ by sophi/ry & impo/ure1 & to contradict reason & exalt m]e irrational fai?2--a religion :i* impresses on ! s]i\s m9d v di/ress+ views ( ! guilt & consequ5ces ( s91 sets ^u ! m9ute acts ( ! day1 "o by "o1 _! def9ite value = praise or blame1 & ?us ca/s a grave %ad[ ov] ! future2--a religion :i* holds up to admiration ! surr5d] ( weal?1 & disables s]i\s p]sons f enjoy+ x if !y w\ld2--a religion1 ! doctr9es ( :i*1 be !y good or bad1 are to ! g5]ality ( m5 unkn[n2 :i* is consid]$ to be> on its v surface signs ( folly & falsehood s di/9ct t a glance suffices to judge ( x1 & t c>eful exam9ation is prepo/]\s2 :i* is felt to be s simply bad1 t x may be calumniat$ at haz>d & at pleasure1 x be+ no?+ b absurdity to /& ^u ! accurate di/ribution ( its guilt among its p>ticul> acts1 or pa9fully to det]m9e h[ f> ?is or t /ory conc]n+ x is lit]ally true1 or :at has to be all[$ 9 c&\r1 or :at is improbable1 or :at cuts two ways1 or :at is n prov$1 or :at may be plausibly def5d$2--a religion su*1 t m5 look at a conv]t to x ) a feel+ :i* no o!r d5om9ation raises except ,judaism1 ,socialism1 or ,mormonism1 viz4 ) curiosity1 suspicion1 fe>1 disgu/1 z ! case may be1 z if some?+ /range _h befall5 him1 z if he _h _h an initiation into a my/]y1 & _h come into communion ) dreadful influ5ces1 z if he 7 n[ "o ( a conf$]acy :i* claim$ him1 absorb$ him1 /ripp$ him ( 8 p]sonality1 r$uc$ him to a m]e organ or in/rum5t ( a :ole2--a religion :i* m5 hate z proselytiz+1 anti-social1 revolution>y1 z divid+ families1 sep>at+ *ief fri5ds1 corrupt+ ! maxims ( gov]nm5t1 mak+ a mock at law1 dissolv+ ! empire1 ! enemy ( human nature1 & a conspirator aga9/ its rights & privileges2#bdg3a--;a religion :i* !y consid] ! *ampion & in/rum5t ( d>kness1 & a pollution call+ d[n ^u ! l& ! ang] ( heav52--a religion :i* !y associate ) intrigue & conspiracy1 :i* !y speak ab\t 9 :isp]s1 :i* !y detect by anticipation 9 :atev] goes wrong1 & to :i* !y impute :atev] is unacc\ntable2--a religion1 ! v "n ( :i* !y ca/ out z evil1 & use simply z a bad epi!t1 & :i* f ! impulse ( self-pres]vation !y w\ld p]secute if !y c\ld2--if !re be su* a religion n[ 9 ! _w1 x is n unlike ,*ri/ianity z t same _w view$ x1 :5 fir/ x came =? f its ,div9e ,au?or4#bdg3b ,,section ,,ii4 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,f\r? ,,c5tury4 ,till ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t _h become ,*ri/ian1 & h]esies 7 put d[n by ! arm ( p[]1 ! face ( ,*ri/5dom pres5t$ mu* ! same appe>ance all along z on ! fir/ propagation ( ! religion4 ,:at ,gno/icism1 ,montanism1 ,judaism &1 ,i may add1 ! ,ori5tal my/]ies 7 to ! nasc5t ,*ur*1 z describ$ 9 ! =ego+ ,section1 su* 7 ! ,mani*ean1 ,donati/1 ,apoll9>ian & contempor>y sects aft]w>ds4 ,! ,*ur* 9 ea* place look$ at fir/ sight z b "o out ( a numb] ( religi\s communions1 ) little ( a v di/9ctive "* except to ! c>eful inquir]4 ,/ill !re 7 ext]nal indications ( ess5tial diff]5ces )92 &1 z we h already comp>$ x 9 ! fir/ c5turies1 we may n[ contra/ x 9 ! f\r?1 ) ! rival religi\s bodies ) :i* x 0 encompass$4 #b4 ,h[ 0 ! man to guide 8 c\rse :o wi%$ to jo9 himself to ! doctr9e & fell[%ip ( ! ,apo/les 9 ! times ( ,/4 ,a?anasius1 ,/4 ,basil1 & ,/4 ,augu/9e8 ,few inde$ 7 ! di/ricts 9 ! orbis t]r>um1 :i* did n !n1 z 9 ! ,ante-nic5e era1 pres5t a numb] ( cre$s & communions = 8 *oice4 ,gaul inde$ is said at t era to h be5 p]fectly free f h]esies2 at lea/ none are m5tion$ z belong+ to t c\ntry 9 ! ,!odosian ,code4 ,b 9 ,egypt1 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! f\r? c5tury1 ! ,meletian s*ism numb]$ "o-?ird z _m bi%ops z 7 conta9$ 9 ! :ole ,patri>*ate4 ,9 ,africa1 t[>ds ! end ( x1 :ile ! ,ca?olic ,bi%ops am\nt$ 9 all to #dff1 ! ,donati/s rivall$ !m ) z _m z #djj4 ,9 ,spa9 ,priscillianism 0 spread f ! ,pyr5ees to ! ,ocean4 ,x seems to h be5 ! religion ( ! population 9 ! prov9ce ( ,gallicia1 :ile its au?or ,priscillian1 ^: dea? _h be5 contriv$ by ! ,i?acians1 0 hon\r$ z a ,m>tyr4 ,! ,mani*ees1 hid+ !mselves "u a v>iety ( names 9 diff]5t localities1 7 n 9 ! lea/ fl\ri%+ condition at ,rome4 ,rome & ,italy 7 ! seat ( ! ,m>cionites4 ,! ,orig5i/s1 too1 are m5tion$ by ,/4 ,j]ome z br++ a c>go ( blasphemies into ! port ( ,rome4 ,& ,rome 0 ! seat ( a ,novatian1 a ,donati/1 & a ,lucif]ian bi%op1 9 addition to ! legitimate occupant ( ! ,see ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,! ,lucif]ians1 z 0 natural "u ! circum/ances ( _! s*ism1 7 spr9kl$ ov] ,*ri/5dom f ,spa9 to ,pale/9e1 & f ,treves to ,lybia2 :ile 9 its p>5t c\ntry ,s>d9ia1 z a c5tre ( t ext5d$ range1 ,lucif] seems to h receiv$ ! hon\rs ( a ,sa9t4 ,:5 ,/4 ,gregory ,nazianz5 began to prea* at ,con/ant9ople1 ! ,arians 7 9 possession ( its hundr$ *ur*es2 !y _h ! populace 9 _! fav\r1 &1 aft] _! legal dislodgm5t1 edict aft] edict 0 ineffectually issu$ aga9/ !m4 ,! ,novatians too ab\nd$ !re2 & ! ,sabbatians1 :o _h sep>at$ f !m1 _h a *ur*1 :]e !y pray$ at ! tomb ( _! f\nd]4 ,moreov]1 ,apoll9>ians1 ,eunomians1 & ,semi-arians1 mu/]$ 9 great numb]s at ,con/ant9ople4 ,! ,semi-arian bi%ops 7 z popul> 9 ! neighb\r+ prov9ces1 z ! ,arian doctr9e 9 ! capital4 ,!y _h possession ( ! coa/ ( ! ,hellespont & ,bi?ynia2 & 7 f\nd 9 ,phrygia1 ,isauria1 & ! neighb\r+ p>ts ( ,asia ,m9or4 ,phrygia 0 ! headqu>t]s ( ! ,montani/s1 & 0 ov]run by ! ,messalians1 :o _h advanc$ ?us f> f ,mesopotamia1 spread+ ?r\gh ,syria1 ,lycaonia1 ,pamphylia1 & ,cappadocia 9 _! way4 ,9 ! less] ,arm5ia1 ! same h]etics _h p5etrat$ into ! mona/]ies4 ,phrygia1 too1 & ,paphlagonia 7 ! seat ( ! ,novatians1 :o besides 7 9 =ce at ,nica & ,nicom$ia1 7 f\nd 9 ,alex&ria1 ,africa1 & ,spa91 & _h a bi%op ev5 9 ,scy?ia4 ,! :ole tract ( c\ntry f ! ,hellespont to ,cilicia _h ne>ly laps$ into ,eunomianism1 & ! tract f ,cilicia z f> z ,pho5icia into ,apoll9>ianism4 ,! disord]s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,antio* are well kn[n3 an ,arian succession1 two or?odox claimants1 & a bi%op ( ! ,apoll9>ians4 ,pale/9e ab\nd$ 9 ,orig5i/s1 if at t "t !y may prop]ly be call$ a sect2 ,pale/9e1 ,egypt1 & ,arabia 7 ov]run ) ,m>cionites2 ,osrho5e 0 occupi$ by ! foll[]s ( ,b>desanes & ,h>monius1 ^: hymns s ne>ly took ! place ( national tunes t ,/4 ,ephrem f\nd no bett] way ( resi/+ ! h]esy ?an sett+ !m to fre% words4 ,!odoret 9 ,comag5e speaks 9 ! next c5tury ( reclaim+ eight villages ( ,m>cionites1 "o ( ,eunomians1 & "o ( ,arians4 #c4 ,^! sects 7 ( v v>i\s "*4 ,le>n+1 eloqu5ce1 & tal5t 7 ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,apoll9>ians1 ,mani*ees1 & ,pelagians2 ,ti*onius ! ,donati/ 0 di/+ui%$ 9 ,biblical int]pretation2 ! ,semi-arian & ,apoll9>ian lead]s 7 m5 ( grave & correct behavi\r2 ! ,novatians _h sid$ ) ! ,or?odox dur+ ! ,arian p]secution2 ! ,montani/s & ,messalians address$ !mselves to an almo/ hea!n population2 ! atroci\s fanaticism ( ! ,priscilliani/s1 ! fury ( ! ,arian wom5 ( ,alex&ria & ,con/ant9ople1 & ! savage cruelty ( ! ,circumcellions c h>dly be exagg]at$4 ,^! v>i\s sect>ies _h _! ord]s ( cl]gy1 bi%ops1 prie/s & deacons2 _! read]s & m9i/]s2 _! celebrants & alt>s2 _! hymns & litanies4 ,!y prea*$ to ! cr[ds 9 public1 & _! meet+-h\ses bore ! semblance ( *ur*es4 ,!y _h _! sacri/ies & cemet]ies2 _! f>ms2 _! pr(essors & doctors2 _! s*ools4 ,miracles 7 ascrib$ to ! ,arian ,!ophilus1 to ! ,lucif]ian ,gregory ( ,elvira1 to a ,mac$onian 9 ,cyzicus1 & to ! ,donati/s 9 ,africa4 #d4 ,h[ 0 an individual inquir] to f9d1 or a private ,*ri/ian to keep ! ,tru?1 amid s _m rival tea*]s8 ,! mis=tunes or p]ils ( holy m5 & sa9ts %[ u ! difficulty2 ,/4 ,augu/9e 0 n9e ye>s a ,mani*ee2 ,/4 ,basil = a "t 0 9 admiration ( ! ,semi-arians2 ,/4 ,sulpicius gave a mom5t>y c\nt5ance to ! ,pelagians2 ,/4 ,paula li/5$1 & ,melania ass5t$1 to ! ,orig5i/s4 ,yet ! rule 0 simple1 :i* w\ld direct e "o "r2 & 9 t age1 at lea/1 no "o c\ld be wrong = any long "t )\t 8 own fault4 ,! ,*ur* is ev]y:]e1 b x is "o2 sects are ev]y:]e1 b !y are _m1 indep5d5t & discordant4 ,ca?olicity is ! attribute ( ! ,*ur*1 indep5d5cy ( sect>ies4 ,x is true t "s sects might seem almo/ ,ca?olic 9 _! diffusion2 ,novatians or ,m>cionites 7 9 all qu>t]s ( ! empire2 yet x is h>dly m ?an ! "n1 or ! g5]al doctr9e or philosophy1 t 0 univ]sal3 ! diff]5t portions :i* pr(ess$ x seem to h be5 b\nd toge!r by no /rict or def9ite tie4 ,! ,*ur* might be evanesc5t or lo/ = a :ile 9 p>ticul> c\ntries1 or x might be levell$ & buri$ among sects1 :5 ! eye 0 conf9$ to "o spot1 or x might be confront$ by ! "o & same h]esy 9 v>i\s places2 b1 on look+ r\nd ! orbis t]r>um1 !re 0 no mi/ak+ t body :i*1 & :i* alone1 _h possession ( x4 ,! ,*ur* is a k+dom2 a h]esy is a family r ?an a k+dom2 & z a family cont9ually divides & s5ds out bran*es1 f\nd+ new h\ses1 & propagat+ itself 9 colonies1 ea* ( !m z indep5d5t z its orig9al head1 s 0 x ) h]esy4 ,simon ,magus1 ! fir/ h]etic1 _h be5 ,patri>* ( ,m5&rians1 ,basilidians1 ,val5t9ians1 & ! :ole family ( ,gno/ics2 ,tatian ( ,encratites1 ,sev]ians1 ,aqu>ians1 ,apotactites1 & ,saccophori4 ,! ,montani/s _h be5 propagat$ into ,tascodrugites1 ,pepuzians1 ,artotyrites1 & ,qu>todecimans4 ,euty*es1 9 a lat] "t1 gave bir? to ! ,dioscorians1 ,gaianites1 ,!odosians1 ,agnoet1 ,!opas*ites1 ,acephali1 ,semidalit1 ,nagranit1 ,jacobites1 & o!rs4 ,?is is ! uni=m hi/ory ( h]esy4 ,! patronage ( ! civil p[] might = a "t c\nt]act ! law ( its nature1 b x %[$ x z soon z t ob/acle 0 remov$4 ,sc>cely 0 ,arianism depriv$ ( ! *ur*es ( ,con/ant9ople1 & left to itself1 ?an x split 9 t v city into ! ,doro!ans1 ! ,psa?yrians1 & ! ,curtians2 & ! ,eunomians into ! ,!ophronians & ,euty*ians4 ,"o f\r? "p ( ! ,donati/s spe$ily became ,maxim9iani/s2 & besides ^! 7 ! ,rogatians1 ! ,primiani/s1 ! ,urbani/s1 & ! ,claudiani/s4 ,if su* 0 ! fecundity ( ! h]etical pr9ciple 9 "o place1 x is n to be suppos$ t ,novatians or ,m>cionites 9 ,africa or ! ,ea/ w\ld feel !mselves b\nd to ?9k or to act ) _! fell[-sect>ies ( ,rome or ,con/ant9ople2 & ! great v>ieties or inconsi/5cies ( /atem5t1 :i* h come d[n to u conc]n+ ! t5ets ( h]esies1 may ?us be expla9$4 ,?is _h be5 ! case ) ! pagan rites1 :e!r indig5\s or it9]ant1 to :i* h]esy succe$$4 ,! e/abli%$ prie/hoods 7 local prop]ties1 z indep5d5t !ologically z !y 7 geographically ( ea* o!r2 ! fanatical companies :i* spread ov] ! ,empire dissolv$ & =m$ aga9 z ! circum/ances ( ! mom5t occasion$4 ,s 0 x ) h]esy3 x 01 by its v nature1 its own ma/]1 free to *ange1 self-suffici5t2 &1 hav+ ?r[n (f ! yoke ( ! ,*ur*1 x 0 little likely to submit to any usurp$ & spuri\s au?ority4 ,montanism & ,mani*eeism might p]haps 9 "s sort furni% an exception to ?is rem>k4 #e4 ,9 "o po9t alone ! h]esies seem univ]sally to h agre$1--9 hatr$ to ! ,*ur*4 ,?is might at t "t be consid]$ "o ( h] sure/ & mo/ obvi\s ,notes4 ,%e 0 t body ( :i* all sects1 h[ev] divid$ among !mselves1 spoke ill2 accord+ to ! prophecy1 ,if !y h call$ ! ,ma/] ( ! h\se ,beelzebub1 h[ mu* m !m ( ,8 h\sehold4 ,!y dislik$ & !y fe>$ h]2 !y did _! utmo/ to ov]come _! mutual diff]5ces1 9 ord] to unite aga9/ h]4 ,_! utmo/ inde$ 0 little1 = indep5d5cy 0 ! law ( _! be+2 !y c\ld n ex]t !mselves )\t fre% qu>rels1 bo? 9 ! bosom ( ea*1 & "o ) ano!r4 ,bellum hreticorum pax e/ ecclesi _h become a prov]b2 b !y felt ! great desirabl5ess ( union aga9/ ! only body :i* 0 ! natural antagoni/ ( all1 & v>i\s are ! in/ances :i* occur 9 ecclesia/ical hi/ory ( attempt$ coalitions4 ,! ,meletians ( ,africa unit$ ) ! ,arians aga9/ ,/4 ,a?anasius2 ! ,semi-,arians ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,s>dica correspond$ ) ! ,donati/s ( ,africa2 ,ne/orius receiv$ & protect$ ! ,pelagians2 ,asp>1 ! ,arian m9i/] ( ,leo ! ,emp]or1 fav\r$ ! ,monophysites ( ,egypt2 ! ,jacobites ( ,egypt sid$ ) ! ,moslem1 :o are *>g$ ) hold+ a ,ne/orian doctr9e4 ,x _h be5 s f ! beg9n+3 ,!y huddle up a peace ) all ev]y:]e1 says ,t]tullian1 = x make? no matt] to !m1 al?\gh !y hold diff]5t doctr9es1 s long z !y conspire toge!r 9 _! siege aga9/ ! "o ?+1 ,tru?4#bed3a ,& ev5 ?\gh active co-op]ation 0 impracticable1 at lea/ h>d words co/ no?+1 & c\ld express t common hatr$ at all seasons4 ,accord+ly1 by ,montani/s1 ,ca?olics 7 call$ ! c>nal2 by ,novatians1 ! apo/ates2 by ,val5t9ians1 ! worldly2 by ,mani*ees1 ! simple2 by ,arians1 ! anci5t2#bed3b by ,apoll9>ians1 ! man-wor%ipp]s2 by ,orig5i/s1 ! fle%-lov]s1 & ! slimy2 by ! ,ne/orians1 ,egyptians2 by ,monophysites1 ! ,*alc$onians3 by ,donati/s1 ! traitors1 & ! s9n]s1 & s]vants ( ,anti*ri/2 & ,/4 ,pet]'s *air1 ! seat ( pe/il5ce2 & by ! ,lucif]ians1 ! ,*ur* 0 call$ a bro!l1 ! devil's h>lot1 & synagogue ( ,satan3 s t x might be call$ a ,note ( ! ,*ur*1 z ,i h said1 = ! use ( ! mo/ busy & ! mo/ ignorant1 t %e 0 on "o side & all o!r bodies on ! o!r4 #f4 ,yet1 /range z x may appe>1 !re 0 "o title ( ! ,*ur* ( a v diff]5t nature f ^? :i* h be5 enum]at$1--a title ( hon\r1 :i* all m5 agre$ to give h]1--& "o :i* furni%$ a /ill m simple direction ?an su* epi!ts ( abuse to aid ! busy & ! ignorant 9 f9d+ h]1 & :i* 0 us$ by ! ,fa!rs = t purpose4 ,x 0 "o :i* ! sects c\ld nei!r claim = !mselves1 nor h9d] be+ enjoy$ by its rightful own]1 ?\gh1 s9ce x 0 ! *>act]i/ic designation ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! ,cre$1 x seem$ to surr5d] ! :ole controv]sy betwe5 ! two p>ties engag$ 9 x4 ,balaam c\ld n keep f bless+ ! anci5t p ( ,god2 & ! :ole _w1 h]esies inclusive1 7 irresi/ibly con/ra9$ to call ,god's second election by its prophetical title ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,/4 ,paul tells u t ! h]etic is condemn$ by himself2 & no cle>] witness aga9/ ! sects ( ! e>li] c5turies 0 ne$$ by ! ,*ur*1 ?an _! own te/imony to ?is contra/ betwe5 h] actual position & _! own4 ,sects1 say ! ,fa!rs1 are call$ aft] ! "n ( _! f\nd]s1 or f _! locality1 or f _! doctr9e4 ,s 0 x f ! beg9n+3 ,i am ( ,paul1 & ,i ( ,apollos1 & ,i ( ,cephas2 b x 0 promis$ to ! ,*ur* t %e %\ld h no ma/] ^u e>?1 & t %e %\ld ga!r toge!r 9 "o ! *ildr5 ( ,god t 7 scatt]$ abroad4 ,h] e-day "n1 :i* 0 und]/ood 9 ! m>ketplace & us$ 9 ! palace1 :i* e *ance com] knew1 & :i* /ate-edicts recogniz$1 0 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,?is 0 t v description ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ^? times :i* we are all along engag$ 9 det]m9+4 ,& x _h be5 recogniz$ z su* f ! fir/2 ! "n or ! fact is put =? by ,/4 ,ignatius1 ,/4 ,ju/91 ,/4 ,clem5t2 by ! ,*ur* ( ,smyrna1 ,/4 ,ir5u1 ,rhodon or ano!r1 ,t]tullian1 ,orig51 ,/4 ,cyprian1 ,/4 ,cornelius2 by ! ,m>tyrs1 ,pionius1 ,sab9a1 & ,asclepiades2 by ,lactantius1 ,eusebius1 ,adimantius1 ,/4 ,a?anasius1 ,/4 ,pacian1 ,/4 ,optatus1 ,/4 ,epiphanius1 ,/4 ,cyril1 ,/4 ,basil1 ,/4 ,ambrose1 ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 ,/4 ,j]ome1 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 & ,facundus4 ,/4 ,clem5t uses x z an argum5t aga9/ ! ,gno/ics1 ,/4 ,augu/9e aga9/ ! ,donati/s & ,mani*ees1 ,/4 ,j]ome aga9/ ! ,lucif]ians1 & ,/4 ,pacian aga9/ ! ,novatians4 #g4 ,x 0 an argum5t = educat$ & simple4 ,:5 ,/4 ,ambrose w\ld conv]t ! cultivat$ reason ( ,augu/9e1 he bade him /udy ! book ( ,isaiah1 :o is ! prophet1 z ( ! ,messiah1 s ( ! call+ ( ! ,g5tiles & ( ! ,imp]ial p[] ( ! ,*ur*4 ,& :5 ,/4 ,cyril w\ld give a rule to 8 cr[d ( ,cate*um5s1 ,if ev] ?\ art soj\rn+ 9 any city1 he says1 inquire n simply :]e ! ,"l's h\se is1 7= ! sects ( ! pr(ane also make an attempt to call _! own d5s h\ses ( ! ,"l17 nor m]ely :]e ! ,*ur* is1 b :]e is ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,= ?is is ! peculi> "n ( ?is ,holy ,body1 ! ,"m ( u all1 :i* is ! ,sp\se ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4#bef3a ,9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 says ,/4 ,augu/9e to ! ,mani*ees1 n to speak ( t mo/ pure wisdom1 to ! k ( :i* few spiritual m5 atta9 9 ?is life s z to "k x ev5 9 its lea/ measure1--z m51 inde$1 yet1 )\t any d\bt1--7= ! multitude ( ,*ri/ians are safe/1 n 9 und]/&+ ) quickness1 b 9 believ+ ) simplicity17 n to speak ( ?is wisdom1 :i* ye d n believe to be 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 !re are _m o!r consid]ations :i* mo/ suffici5tly hold me 9 h] bosom4 ,i am held by ! cons5t ( p & nations2 by t au?ority :i* began 9 miracles1 0 n\ri%$ 9 hope1 0 increas$ by *>ity1 & made /eadfa/ by age2 by t succession ( prie/s f ! *air ( ! ,apo/le ,pet]1 to ^: fe$+ ! ,"l aft] ,8 resurrection comm5d$ ,8 %eep1 ev5 to ! pres5t episcopate2 la/ly1 by ! v title ( ,ca?olic1 :i*1 n )\t cause1 ha? ?is ,*ur* alone1 amid s _m h]esies1 obta9$ 9 su* sort1 t1 :]eas all h]etics wi% to be call$ ,ca?olics1 nev]!less to any /rang]1 :o ask$ :]e to f9d ! ',ca?olic' ,*ur*1 none ( !m w\ld d>e to po9t to 8 own basilica or home4 ,^! de>e/ bonds1 !n1 ( ! ,*ri/ian ,"n1 s _m & su*1 rightly hold a man 9 belief 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ev5 ?\gh1 by reason ( ! sl[ness ( our und]/&+ or our des]ts1 tru? do? n yet %[ h]self 9 h] cle>e/ tok5s4 ,b among y1 :o h none ( ^! reasons to invite & deta9 me1 ,i he> b ! l\d s\nd ( a promise ( ! tru?2 :i* tru?1 v]ily1 if x be s manife/ly display$ among y t !re c be no mi/ake ab\t x1 is to be pref]r$ to all ^? ?+s by :i* ,i am held 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*2 b if x is promis$ alone1 & n exhibit$1 no "o %all move me f t fai? :i* by s _m & great ties b9ds my m9d to ! ,*ri/ian religion4#beg3a ,:5 ,adimantius ask$ 8 ,m>cionite oppon5t1 h[ he 0 a ,*ri/ian :o did n ev5 be> t "n1 b 0 call$ f ,m>cion1 he retorts1 ,& y are call$ f ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 !re=e ye are n ,*ri/ians ei!r2 ,adimantius answ]s1 ,did we pr(ess man's "n1 y w\ld h spok5 to ! po9t2 b if we are call$ f be+ all ov] ! _w1 :at is !re bad 9 ?is8#beg3b #h4 ,:]eas !re is "o ,god & "o ,"l1 says ,/4 ,clem5t1 !re=e also t :i* is ! highe/ 9 e/eem is prais$ on ! score ( be+ sole1 z aft] ! patt]n ( ! ,"o ,pr9ciple4 ,9 ! nature !n ( ! ,"o1 ! ,*ur*1 :i* is "o1 ha? its portion1 :i* !y w\ld =cibly cut up into _m h]esies4 ,9 sub/ance !n1 & 9 idea1 & 9 fir/ pr9ciple1 & 9 pre-em95ce1 we call ! anci5t ,ca?olic ,*ur* sole2 9 ord] to ! unity ( "o fai?1 ! fai? accord+ to h] own cov5ants1 or r t "o cov5ant 9 diff]5t times1 :i*1 by ! w ( "o ,god & ?r\gh "o ,"l1 is ga!r+ toge!r ^? :o are already orda9$1 :om ,god ha? pr$e/9$1 hav+ kn[n t !y w\ld be j f ! f\ndation ( ! _w4 4 4 4 4 ,b ( h]esies1 "s are call$ f a man's "n1 z ,val5t9e's h]esy1 ,m>cion's1 & t ( ,basilides 7?\gh !y pr(ess to br+ ! op9ion ( ,mat?ias1 = all ! ,apo/les _h1 z "o tea*+1 s "o tradition72 & o!rs f place1 z ! ,p]atici2 & o!rs f nation1 z t ( ! ,phrygians2 & o!rs f _! actions1 z t ( ! ,encratites2 & o!rs f _! peculi> doctr9es1 z ! ,docet & ,hematites2 & o!rs f _! hypo!ses1 & :at !y h hon\r$1 z ,ca9ites & ! ,ophites2 & o!rs f _! wick$ conduct & enormities1 z ^? ,simonians :o are call$ ,euty*ites4#beh3a ,!re are1 & !re h be51 says ,/4 ,ju/91 _m :o h taught a!i/ic & blasphem\s words & de$s1 com+ 9 ! "n ( ,jesus2 & !y are call$ by u f ! appellation ( ! m5 :5ce ea* doctr9e & op9ion began 4 4 4 ,"s are call$ ,m>cians1 o!rs ,val5t9ians1 o!rs ,basilidians1 o!rs ,saturnilians4#beh3b ,:5 m5 are call$ ,phrygians1 or ,novatians1 or ,val5t9ians1 or ,m>cionites1 or ,an?ropians1 says ,lactantius1 or by any o!r "n1 !y cease to be ,*ri/ians2 = !y h lo/ ,*ri/'s ,"n1 & clo! !mselves 9 human & =eign titles4 ,x is ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* alone :i* reta9s ! true wor%ip4#beh3c ,we nev] he>d ( ,petr9es1 or ,paul9es1 or ,b>?olomeans1 or ,?addeans1 says ,/4 ,epiphanius2 b f ! fir/ !re 0 "o prea*+ ( all ! ,apo/les1 n prea*+ !mselves1 b ,*ri/ ,jesus ! ,"l4 ,:]e=e also all gave "o "n to ! ,*ur*1 n _! own1 b t ( _! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 s9ce !y began to be call$ ,*ri/ians fir/ at ,antio*2 :i* is ! ,sole ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 hav+ n\ght else b ,*ri/'s1 be+ a ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ians2 n ( ,*ri/s1 b ( ,*ri/ians1 ,he be+ ,"o1 !y f t ,"o be+ call$ ,*ri/ians4 ,none1 b ?is ,*ur* & h] prea*]s1 are ( ?is "*1 z is %[n by _! own epi!ts1 ,mani*eans1 & ,simonians1 & ,val5t9ians1 & ,ebionites4#bei3a ,if y ev] he> ^? :o are said to belong to ,*ri/1 says ,/4 ,j]ome1 nam$1 n f ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 b f "s o!r1 say ,m>cionites1 ,val5t9ians1 ,m\nta9e]s1 ,campe/rians1 "k t x is n ,*ri/'s ,*ur*1 b ! synagogue ( ,anti*ri/4#bei3b #i4 ,/4 ,pacian's lett]s to ! ,novatian ,bi%op ,sympronian require a m ext5d$ notice4 ,! latt] _h requir$ ! ,ca?olic fai? to be prov$ to him1 )\t di/9ctly /at+ f :at portion ( x he diss5t$2 & he boa/$ t he _h nev] f\nd any "o to conv9ce him ( its tru?4 ,/4 ,pacian obs]ves t !re is "o po9t :i* ,sympronian _c dispute1 & :i* settles ! "q1 ! v "n ,ca?olic4 ,he !n supposes ,sympronian to object t1 "u ! ,apo/les no "o 0 call$ ,ca?olic4 ,he answ]s1 ,be x ?us2#bei3c x %all h be5 s2 all[ ev5 t4 ,:51 aft] ! ,apo/les1 h]esies _h bur/ =?1 & 7 /riv+ "u v>i\s names to te> piecemeal & divide '! ,dove' & '! ,que5' ( ,god1 did n ! ,apo/olic p require a "n ( _! own1 :]eby to m>k ! unity ( ! p t 0 uncorrupt$1 le/ ! error ( "s %\ld r5d limb by limb '! undefil$ virg9' ( ,god8 ,0 x n seemly t ! *ief head %\ld be di/+ui%$ by its own peculi> appellation8 ,suppose ?is v day ,i ent]$ a popul\s city4 ,:5 ,i _h f\nd ,m>cionites1 ,apoll9>ians1 ,cataphrygians1 ,novatians1 & o!rs ( ! k9d1 :o call !mselves ,*ri/ians1 by :at "n %\ld ,i recognize ! congregation ( my own p1 unless x 7 nam$ ,ca?olic8 4 4 4 4 ,:5ce 0 x deliv]$ to me8 ,c]ta9ly t :i* has /ood ?r\gh s _m ages 0 n borr[$ f man4 ,?is "n ',ca?olic' s\nds n ( ,m>cion1 nor ( ,apelles1 nor ( ,montanus1 nor does x take h]etics = its au?ors4 ,9 8 second lett]1 he cont9ues1 ,c]ta9ly t 0 no accessory "n :i* endur$ ?r\gh s _m ages4 ,&1 inde$1 ,i am glad = !e1 t1 al?\gh ?\ maye/ h pref]r$ o!rs1 yet ?\ agree/ t ! "n atta*es to u1 :i* %\ld y d5y nature w\ld cry out4 ,b & if y /ill h d\bts1 let u hold our peace4 ,we w bo? be t :i* we %all be nam$4 ,aft] allud+ to ,sympronian's rem>k t1 ?\gh ,cyprian 0 holy1 8 p be> ! "n ( ,apo/aticum1 ,capitol9um1 or ,syn$rium1 :i* 7 "s ( ! ,novatian titles ( ! ,*ur*1 ,/4 ,pacian replies1 ,ask a c5tury1 bro!r1 & all its ye>s 9 succession1 :e!r ?is "n has adh]$ to u2 :e!r ! p ( ,cyprian h be5 call$ o!r ?an ,ca?olic8 ,no "o ( ^! names h ,i ev] he>d4 ,x foll[$ t su* appellations 7 taunts1 n names1 & !re=e unmann]ly4 ,on ! o!r h& x seems t ,sympronian did n l to be call$ a ,novatian1 ?\gh he c\ld n call himself a ,ca?olic4 ,tell me y\rselves1 says ,/4 ,pacian1 :at ye are call$4 ,d ye d5y t ! ,novatians are call$ f ,novatian8 ,impose on !m :atev] "n y l2 t w ev] adh]e to !m4 ,se>*1 if y please1 :ole annals1 & tru/ s _m ages4 ,y w answ]1 ',*ri/ian4' ,b if ,i inquire ! g5us ( ! sect1 y w n d5y t x is ,novatian4 4 4 4 ,confess x )\t deceit2 !re is no wick$ness 9 ! "n4 ,:y1 :5 s (t5 inquir$ =1 d y hide y\rself8 ,:y a%am$ ( ! orig9 ( y\r "n8 ,:5 y fir/ wrote1 ,i ?\ght y a ,cataphrygian4 4 4 4 ,do/ ?\ grudge me my "n1 & yet %un ?9e own8 ,?9k :at !re is ( %ame 9 a cause :i* %r9ks f its own "n4 ,9 a ?ird lett]3 ',! ,*ur* is ! ,body ( ,*ri/4' ,truly1 ! body1 n a memb]2 ! body compos$ ( _m p>ts & memb]s knit 9 "o1 z sai? ! ,apo/le1 ',= ! ,body is n "o memb]1 b _m4' ,!re=e1 ! ,*ur* is ! full body1 compact$ & diffus$ n[ ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w2 l a city1 ,i mean1 all ^: p>ts are unit$1 n z ye are1 ,o ,novatians1 "s small & insol5t portion1 & a m]e swell+ t has ga!r$ & sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! body4 4 4 4 ,great is ! prog5y ( ! ,virg91 & )\t numb] h] (fspr+1 :]e) ! :ole _w is fill$1 :]e) ! popul\s sw>ms ev] ?rong ! circumflu\s hive4 ,& he f\nds ?is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,*ur* ^u ! prophecies3 ,at l5g?1 bro!r ,sympronian1 be n a%am$ to be ) ! _m2 at l5g? cons5t to despise ^! fe/]+ spots ( ! ,novatians1 & ^! p>+s ( y\rs2 & at l5g?1 to look ^u ! flocks ( ! ,ca?olics1 & ! p ( ! ,*ur* ext5d+ s f> & wide4 4 4 4 ,he> :at ,david sai?1 ',i w s+ unto ,?y "n 9 ! great congregation2' & aga91 ',i w praise ,!e among mu* p2' & '! ,"l1 ev5 ! mo/ mighty ,god1 ha? spok51 & call$ ! _w f ! ris+ up ( ! sun unto ! go+ d[n !re(4' ,:at6 %all ! se$ ( ,abraham1 :i* is z ! />s & ! s& on ! sea%ore = numb]1 be cont5t$ ) y\r pov]ty8 4 4 4 ,recognize n[1 bro!r1 ! ,*ur* ( ,god ext5d+ h] tab]nacles & fix+ ! /akes ( h] curta9s on ! "r & on ! left2 und]/& t '! ,"l's "n is prais$ f ! ris+ up ( ! sun unto ! go+ d[n !re(4' #aj4 ,9 cit+ ^! passages1 ,i am n prov+ :at 0 ! doctr9e ( ! ,fa!rs conc]n+ ! ,*ur* 9 ^? e>ly times1 or :at 7 ! promises made to x 9 ,scripture2 b simply asc]ta9+ :at1 9 matt] ( fact1 0 its !n condition relatively to ! v>i\s ,*ri/ian bodies among :i* x 0 f\nd4 ,t ! ,fa!rs 7 able to put =w>d a c]ta9 doctr9e1 t !y 7 able to appeal to ! prophecies1 proves t matt] ( fact2 = unless ! ,*ur*1 & ! ,*ur* alone1 _h be5 "o body ev]y:]e1 !y c\ld n h argu$ on ! supposition t x 0 s4 ,& s z to ! ^w ,ca?olic2 x is en\gh t ! ,*ur* 0 s call$2 t title 0 a confirmatory pro( & symbol ( :at is ev5 o!rwise s pla91 t %e1 z ,/4 ,pacian expla9s ! ^w1 0 ev]y:]e "o1 :ile ! sects ( ! day 7 n[h]e "o1 b ev]y:]e divid$4 ,sects might1 inde$1 be ev]y:]e1 b !y 7 9 no two places ! same2 e spot _h its own indep5d5t communion1 or at lea/ to ?is result !y 7 inevitably & cont9ually t5d+4 #aa4 ,/4 ,pacian writes 9 ,spa93 ! same contra/ betwe5 ! ,*ur* & sect>ianism is pres5t$ to u 9 ,africa 9 ! in/ance ( ! ,donati/s2 & ,/4 ,optatus is a witness bo? to ! fact1 & to its notoriety1 & to ! deep impressions :i* x made on all p>ties4 ,:e!r or n ! ,donati/s id5tifi$ !mselves ) ! true ,*ur*1 & cut (f ! re/ ( ,*ri/5dom f x1 is n ! "q "h1 nor alt]s ! fact :i* ,i wi% di/9ctly br\ght out & recogniz$1 t 9 ^? anci5t times ! ,*ur* 0 t ,body :i* 0 spread ov] ! orbis t]r>um1 & sects 7 ^? bodies :i* 7 local or transitory4 ,:at is t "o ,*ur*1 says ,/4 ,optatus1 :i* ,*ri/ calls ',dove' & ',sp\se'8 4 4 4 ,x _c be 9 ! multitude ( h]etics & s*ismatics4 ,if s1 x foll[s t x is b 9 "o place4 ,?\1 bro!r ,p>m5ian1 ha/ said t x is ) y alone2 unless1 p]haps1 y aim at claim+ = y\rselves a special sanctity f y\r pride1 s t :]e y w1 !re ! ,*ur* may be1 & may n be1 :]e y w n4 ,mu/ x !n be 9 a small portion ( ,africa1 9 ! corn] ( a small realm1 among y1 b n among u 9 ano!r "p ( ,africa8 ,& n 9 ,spa91 9 ,gaul1 9 ,italy1 :]e y are n8 ,& if y w h x only among y1 n 9 ! ?ree ,pannonian prov9ces1 9 ,dacia1 ,moesia1 ,?race1 ,a*aia1 ,mac$onia1 & 9 all ,greece1 :]e y are n8 ,& t y may keep x among y\rselves1 n 9 ,pontus1 ,galatia1 ,cappadocia1 ,pamphylia1 ,phrygia1 ,cilicia1 9 ! ?ree ,syrias1 9 ! two ,arm5ias1 9 all ,egypt1 & 9 ,mesopotamia1 :]e y are n8 ,n among su* innum]able isl&s & ! o!r prov9ces1 sc>cely num]able1 :]e y are n8 ,:at w become !n ( ! mean+ ( ! ^w ,ca?olic1 :i* is giv5 to ! ,*ur*1 z be+ accord+ to reason#bfc3a & diffus$ e :]e8 ,= if ?us at y\r pleasure y n>r[ ! ,*ur*1 if y )draw f h] all ! nations1 :]e w be ! e>n+s ( ! ,son ( ,god8 :]e w be t :i* ! ,fa!r ha? s amply accord$ to ,him1 say+ 9 ! second ,psalm ',i w give !e ! hea!n = ,?9e inh]itance & ! utt]mo/ p>ts ( ! e>? = ,?y possession1' c48 4 4 ,! :ole e>? is giv5 ,him ) ! nations2 its :ole circuit 7orbis7 is ,*ri/'s "o possession4#bfc3b #ab4 ,an ,african writ] contempor>y ) ,/4 ,augu/9e1 if n ,/4 ,augu/9e himself1 enum]ates ! small portions ( ! ,donati/ ,sect1 9 & out ( ,africa1 & asks if !y c be imag9$ to be ! fulfilm5t ( ! ,scripture promise to ! ,*ur*4 ,if ! holy ,scriptures h assign$ ! ,*ur* to ,africa alone1 or to ! scanty ,cutzupitans or ,m\nta9e]s ( ,rome1 or to ! h\se or patrimony ( "o ,spani% woman1 h[ev] ! argum5t may /& f o!r writ+s1 !n none b ! ,donati/s h possession ( ! ,*ur*4 ,if holy ,scripture det]m9es x to ! few ,moors ( ! ,cs>ean prov9ce1 we mu/ g ov] to ! ,rogati/s3 if to ! few ,tripolitans or ,byzac5es & ,prov9cials1 ! ,maximiani/s h atta9$ to x2 if 9 ! ,ori5tals only1 x is to be s\ght = among ,arians1 ,eunomians1 ,mac$onians1 & o!rs t may be !re2 = :o c enum]ate e h]esy ( e nation8 ,b if ,*ri/'s ,*ur*1 by ! div9e & mo/ c]ta9 te/imonies ( ,canonical ,scriptures1 is assign$ to all nations1 :atev] may be adduc$1 & f :atev] qu>t] cit$1 by ^? :o say1 ',lo1 "h is ,*ri/ & lo !re1' let u r he>1 if we be ,8 %eep1 ! voice ( our ,%eph]d say+ unto u1 ',d n believe4' ,= !y are n ea* f\nd 9 ! _m nations :]e %e is2 b %e1 :o is ev]y:]e1 is f\nd :]e !y are4#bfd3a ,la/ly1 let u he> ,/4 ,augu/9e himself aga9 9 ! same controv]sy3 ,!y d n communicate ) u1 z y say1 he obs]ves to ,cresconius1 ,novatians1 ,arians1 ,patripassians1 ,val5t9ians1 ,patricians1 ,apellites1 ,m>cionites1 ,ophites1 & ! re/ ( ^? sacrilegi\s names1 z y call !m1 ( nef>i\s pe/s r ?an sects4 ,yet1 :]esoev] !y are1 !re is ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*2 z 9 ,africa x is :]e y are4 ,on ! o!r h&1 nei!r y1 nor any "o ( ^? h]esies :atev]1 is to be f\nd :]ev] is ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,:5ce x appe>s1 :i* is t tree ^: b\ghs ext5d ov] all ! e>? by ! ri*ness ( its fruitfulness1 & :i* be ^? brok5 bran*es :i* h n ! life ( ! root1 b lie & )]1 ea* 9 its own place4#bfe3a #ac4 ,x may be possibly sugge/$ t ?is univ]sality :i* ! ,fa!rs ascribe to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* lay 9 its ,apo/olical desc5t1 or aga9 9 its ,episcopacy2 & t x 0 "o1 n z be+ "o k+dom or civitas at unity ) itself1 ) "o & ! same intellig5ce 9 e "p1 "o sympa?y1 "o rul+ pr9ciple1 "o organization1 "o communion1 b because1 ?\gh consi/+ ( a numb] ( indep5d5t communities1 at v>iance 7if s be7 ) ea* o!r ev5 to a brea* ( communion1 nev]!less all ^! 7 possess$ ( a legitimate succession ( cl]gy1 or all gov]n$ by ,bi%ops1 ,prie/s1 & ,deacons4 ,b :o w 9 s]i\sness ma9ta9 t relation%ip1 or t sam5ess ( /ructure1 makes two bodies "o8 ,engl& & ,prussia are bo? ( !m mon>*ies2 are !y !re=e "o k+dom8 ,engl& & ! ,unit$ ,/ates are f "o /ock2 c !y !re=e be call$ "o /ate8 ,engl& & ,irel& are peopl$ by diff]5t races2 yet are !y n "o k+dom /ill8 ,if unity lies 9 ! ,apo/olical succession1 an act ( s*ism is f ! nature ( ! case impossible2 = z no "o c rev]se 8 p>5tage1 s no ,*ur* c undo ! fact t its cl]gy h come by l9eal desc5t f ! ,apo/les4 ,ei!r !re is no su* s9 z s*ism1 or unity does n lie 9 ! ,episcopal =m or 9 ! ,episcopal ord9ation4 ,& ?is is felt by ! controv]siali/s ( ?is day2 :o 9 consequ5ce are oblig$ to inv5t a s91 & to consid]1 n division ( ,*ur* f ,*ur*1 b ! int]f]5ce ( ,*ur* ) ,*ur* to be ! s9 ( s*ism1 z if local dioceses & bi%ops ) re/ra9t 7 m ?an ecclesia/ical arrangem5ts & by-laws ( ! ,*ur*1 h[ev] sacr$1 :ile s*ism is a s9 aga9/ h] ess5ce4 ,?us !y /ra9 out a gnat1 & swall[ a camel4 ,division is ! s*ism1 if s*ism !re be1 n int]f]5ce4 ,if int]f]5ce is a s91 division :i* is ! cause ( x is a great]2 b :]e division is a duty1 !re c be no s9 9 int]f]5ce4 #ad4 ,f> diff]5t f su* a !ory is ! picture :i* ! anci5t ,*ur* pres5ts to u2 true1 x 0 gov]n$ by ,bi%ops1 & ^? ,bi%ops came f ! ,apo/les1 b x 0 a k+dom besides2 & z a k+dom admits ( ! possibility ( rebels1 s does su* a ,*ur* involve sect>ies & s*ismatics1 b n indep5d5t portions4 ,x 0 a va/ organiz$ association1 co-ext5sive ) ! ,roman ,empire1 or r ov]fl[+ x4 ,its ,bi%ops 7 n m]e local (fic]s1 b possess$ a quasi-ecum5ical p[]1 ext5d+ :]ev] a ,*ri/ian 0 to be f\nd4 ,no ,*ri/ian1 says ,b+ham1 w\ld pret5d to travel )\t tak+ lett]s ( cr$5ce ) him f 8 own bi%op1 if he meant to communicate ) ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 9 a =eign c\ntry4 ,su* 0 ! admirable unity ( ! ,*ur* ,ca?olic 9 ^? days1 & ! bless$ h>mony & cons5t ( h] bi%ops among "o ano!r4#bff3a ,/4 ,gregory ,nazianz5 calls ,/4 ,cyprian an univ]sal ,bi%op1 presid+1 z ! same au?or pres5tly quotes ,gregory1 n only ov] ! ,*ur* ( ,c>?age & ,africa1 b ov] all ! regions ( ! ,we/1 & ov] ! ,ea/1 & ,s\?1 & ,nor!rn p>ts ( ! _w also4 ,?is is evid5ce ( a unity ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom1 n ( m]e orig9 or ( ,apo/olical succession1 b ( gov]nm5t4 ,b+ham cont9ues ,gregory says ! same ( ,a?anasius2 t1 9 be+ made ,bi%op ( ,alex&ria1 he 0 made ,bi%op ( ! :ole _w4 ,*ryso/om1 9 l mann]1 /yles ,timo?y1 ,bi%op ( ! univ]se4 4 4 4 4 ,! great ,a?anasius1 z he return$ f 8 exile1 made no scruple to orda9 9 sev]al cities z he w5t along1 ?\gh !y 7 n 9 8 own diocese4 ,& ! fam\s ,eusebius ( ,samosata did ! l1 9 ! times ( ! ,arian p]secution "u ,val5s4 4 4 ,epiphanius made use ( ! same p[] & privilege 9 a l case1 orda9+ ,paul9ianus1 ,/4 ,j]ome's bro!r1 fir/ deacon & !n presbyt]1 9 a mona/]y out ( 8 own diocese 9 ,pale/9e4#bfg3a ,& s 9 respect ( tea*+1 be=e ,c\ncils met on any l>ge scale1 ,/4 ,ignatius ( ,antio* _h address$ lett]s to ! ,*ur*es along ! coa/ ( ,asia ,m9or1 :5 on 8 way to m>tyrdom at ,rome4 ,/4 ,ir5u1 :5 a subject ( ! ,*ur* ( ,smyrna1 betakes himself to ,gaul1 & answ]s 9 ,lyons ! h]esies ( ,syria4 ,! see ( ,/4 ,hippolytus1 z if he belong$ to all p>ts ( ! orbis t]r>um1 _c be locat$1 & is v>i\sly plac$ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,rome & 9 ,arabia4 ,hosius1 a ,spani% ,bi%op1 arbitrates 9 an ,alex&rian controv]sy4 ,/4 ,a?anasius1 driv5 f 8 ,*ur*1 makes all ,*ri/5dom 8 home1 f ,treves to ,e?iopia1 & introduces into ! ,we/ ! discipl9e ( ! ,egyptian ,antony4 ,/4 ,j]ome is born 9 ,dalmatia1 /udies at ,con/ant9ople & ,alex&ria1 is secret>y to ,/4 ,damasus at ,rome1 & settles & dies 9 ,pale/9e4 ,above all ! ,see ( ,rome itself is ! c5tre ( tea*+ z well z ( action1 is visit$ by ,fa!rs & h]etics z a tribunal 9 controv]sy1 & by anci5t cu/om s5ds h] alms to ! poor ,*ri/ians ( all ,*ur*es1 to ,a*aia & ,syria1 ,pale/9e1 ,arabia1 ,egypt1 & ,cappadocia4 #ae4 ,moreov]1 ?is univ]sal ,*ur* 0 n only "o2 x 0 exclusive also4 ,z to ! vehem5ce ) :i* ,*ri/ians ( ! ,ante-nic5e p]iod d5\nc$ ! idolatries & s9s ( paganism1 & proclaim$ ! judgm5ts :i* w\ld be _! consequ5ce1 ?is is well kn[n1 & l$ to _! be+ reput$ 9 ! hea!n _w z enemies ( mank9d4 ,wor?ily do? ,god ex]t ! la% ( ,8 /ripes & sc\rges1 says ,/4 ,cyprian to a hea!n magi/rate2 & s9ce !y avail s little1 & conv]t n m5 to ,god by all ?is dreadfulness ( havoc1 !re abides beyond ! prison et]nal & ! ceaseless flame & ! ev]la/+ p5alty4 4 4 4 ,:y humble y\rself & b5d to false gods8 ,:y b[ y\r captive body be=e helpless images & m\ld$ e>?8 ,:y grovel 9 ! pro/ration ( dea?1 l ! s]p5t :om ye wor%ip8 ,:y ru% into ! d[nfall ( ! devil1 8 fall ! cause ( y\rs1 & he y\r companion8 4 4 4 4 ,believe & live2 y h be5 our p]secutors 9 "t2 9 et]nity1 be companions ( our joy4#bfh3a ,^! rigid s5tim5ts1 says ,gibbon1 :i* _h be5 unkn[n to ! anci5t _w1 appe> to h infus$ a _s ( bitt]ness into a sy/em ( love & h>mony4#bfh3b ,su*1 h[ev]1 0 ! judgm5t pass$ by ! fir/ ,*ri/ians ^u all :o did n jo9 _! own society2 & su* /ill m 0 ! judgm5t ( _! successors on ^? :o liv$ & di$ 9 ! sects & h]esies :i* _h issu$ f x4 ,t v ,fa!r1 ^: d5unciation ( ! hea!n has j be5 quot$1 _h already decl>$ x ev5 9 ! ?ird c5tury4 ,he :o leaves ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 he says1 atta9s n to ,*ri/'s rew>ds4 ,he is an ali51 an outca/1 an enemy4 ,he c no long] h ,god = a ,fa!r1 :o has n ! ,*ur* = a ,"m4 ,if any man 0 able to escape :o rema9$ )\t ! ,ark ( ,noah1 !n w t man escape :o is out ( doors beyond ! ,*ur*4 4 4 ,:at sacrifice d !y believe !y celebrate1 :o are rivals ( ! ,prie/s8 ,if su* m5 7 ev5 kill$ = confession ( ! ,*ri/ian "n1 n ev5 by _! blood is ?is /a9 wa%$ out4 ,inexplicable & heavy is ! s9 ( discord1 & is purg$ by no suff]+ 4 4 4 ,!y _c dwell ) ,god :o h refus$ to be ( "o m9d 9 ,god's ,*ur*2 a man ( su* sort may inde$ be kill$1 cr[n$ he _c be4#bfi3a ,& s aga9 ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 9 ! foll[+ c5tury1 9 h>mony ) ,/4 ,cyprian's s5tim5t3 ,?\gh we h a*iev$ t5 ?\s& glori\s acts1 yet %all we1 if we cut to pieces ! fulness ( ! ,*ur*1 suff] puni%m5t no less sore ?an !y :o mangl$ ,8 body4#bfi3b ,9 l mann] ,/ ,augu/9e seems to consid] t a conv]sion f idolatry to a s*ismatical communion is no ga94 ,^? :om ,donati/s baptize1 !y heal ( ! w\nd ( idolatry or infidelity1 b inflict a m griev\s /roke 9 ! w\nd ( s*ism2 = idolat]s among ,god's p ! sword de/roy$1 b s*ismatics ! gap+ e>? dev\r$4#bfi3c ,else:]e1 he speaks ( ! sacrilege ( s*ism1 :i* surpasses all wick$nesses4#bfi3d ,/4 ,optatus1 too1 m>vels at ! ,donati/ ,p>m5ian's inconsi/5cy 9 ma9ta9+ ! true doctr9e1 t ,s*ismatics are cut (f z bran*es f ! v9e1 are de/9$ = puni%m5ts1 & res]v$1 z dry wood1 = hell-fire4#bfi3e ,let u hate !m :o are wor?y ( hatr$1 says ,/4 ,cyril1 )draw we f ^? :om ,god )draws f2 let u also say unto ,god ) all boldness conc]n+ all h]etics1 ',d n ,i hate !m1 ,o ,"l1 t hate !e8'#bgj3a ,mo/ firmly hold1 & d\bt 9 no wise1 says ,/4 ,fulg5tius1 t e h]etic & s*ismatic soev]1 baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/1 unless aggregat$ to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 h[ great soev] h be5 8 alms1 ?\gh = ,*ri/'s ,"n he has ev5 %$ 8 blood1 c 9 no wise be sav$4#bgj3b ,! ,fa!rs gr\nd ?is doctr9e on ,/4 ,paul's words t1 ?\gh we h k1 & give our goods to ! poor1 & our body to be burn$1 we are no?+ )\t love4#bgj3c #af4 ,"o m rem>k %all be made3 t ! ,ca?olic tea*]s1 f> f recogniz+ any ecclesia/ical relation z exi/+ betwe5 ! ,sect>ian ,bi%ops & ,prie/s & _! p1 address ! latt] imm$iately1 z if ^? ,bi%ops did n exi/1 & call on !m to come ov] to ! ,*ur* individually )\t respect to any "o besides2 & t because x is a matt] ( life & dea?4 ,to take ! in/ance ( ! ,donati/s3 x 0 no?+ to ! purpose t _! ,*ur*es 9 ,africa 7 ne>ly z num]\s z ^? ( ! ,ca?olics1 or t !y _h a case to produce 9 _! controv]sy ) ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*2 ! v fact t !y 7 sep>at$ f ! orbis t]r>um 0 a public1 a manife/1 a simple1 a suffici5t argum5t aga9/ !m4 ,! "q is n ab\t y\r gold & silv]1 says ,/4 ,augu/9e to ,glorius & o!rs1 n y\r l&s1 or f>ms1 nor ev5 y\r bodily heal? is 9 p]il1 b we address y\r s\ls ab\t obta9+ et]nal life & flee+ et]nal dea?4 ,r\se y\rself !re=e4 4 4 4 4 ,y see x all1 & "k x1 & groan ov] x2 yet ,god sees t !re is no?+ to deta9 y 9 s pe/if]\s & sacrilegi\s a sep>ation1 if y w b ov]come y\r c>nal affection1 = ! obta9+ ! spiritual k+dom1 & rid y\rselves ( ! fe> ( w\nd+ fri5d%ips1 :i* w avail no?+ 9 ,god's judgm5t = escap+ et]nal puni%m5t4 ,g1 ?9k ov] ! matt]1 consid] :at c be said 9 answ]4 4 4 4 ,no "o blots out f heav5 ! ,ord9ance ( ,god1 no "o blots out f e>? ! ,*ur* ( ,god3 ,he ha? promis$ h]1 %e ha? fill$1 ! :ole _w4 ,"s c>nal intimacies1 he says to 8 k9sman ,sev]9us1 hold y :]e y are4 4 4 4 ,:at avails temporal heal? or relation%ip1 if ) x we neglect ,*ri/'s et]nal h]itage & our p]petual heal?8 ,i ask1 he says to ,cel]1 a p]son ( influ5ce1 t y w\ld m e>ne/ly urge ^u y\r m5 ,ca?olic ,unity 9 ! region ( ,hippo4 ,:y1 he says1 9 ! p]son ( ! ,*ur*1 to ! :ole ,donati/ population1 ,:y op5 y\r e>s to ! words ( m51 :o say :at !y nev] h be5 able to prove1 & close !m to ! ^w ( ,god1 say+1 ',ask ( ,me1 & ,i w give ,!e ! hea!n = ,?9e inh]itance'8 ,at ano!r "t he says to !m1 ,"s ( ! presbyt]s ( y\r p>ty h s5t to u to say1 ',retire f our flocks1 unless y w\ld h u kill y4' ,h[ mu* m ju/ly d we say to !m1 ',nay1 d y1 n retire f1 b come 9 peace1 n to our flocks1 b to ! flocks ( ,him ^: we are all2 or if y w n1 & are f> f peace1 !n d y r retire f flocks1 = :i* ,*ri/ %$ ,8 ,blood4' ,i call on y = ,*ri/'s sake1 he says to a late pro-consul1 to write me an answ]1 & to urge g5tly & k9dly all y\r p 9 ! di/rict ( ,s9is or ,hippo into ! communion ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,he publi%es an address to ! ,donati/s at ano!r "t to in=m !m ( ! defeat ( _! ,bi%ops 9 a conf]5ce3 ,:oso1 he says1 is sep>at$ f ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 h[ev] laudably he ?9ks he is liv+1 by ?is crime alone1 t he is sep>at$ f ,*ri/'s ,unity1 he %all n h life1 b ! wra? ( ,god abide? on him4 ,let !m believe ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 he writes to "s conv]ts ab\t _! fri5ds :o 7 /ill 9 s*ism1 t is1 to ! ,*ur* diffus$ ov] ! :ole _w1 r :at ! ,scriptures say ( x ?an :at human tongues utt] 9 calumny4 ,! idea ( act+ ^u ! ,donati/s only z a body & ?r\gh _! bi%ops1 does n appe> to h occurr$ to ,/4 ,augu/9e at all4#bgb3a #ag4 ,on ! :ole1 !n1 we h reason to say1 t if !re be a =m ( ,*ri/ianity at ?is day di/+ui%$ = its c>eful organization1 & its consequ5t p[]2 if x is spread ov] ! _w2 if x is conspicu\s = zeal\s ma9t5ance ( its own cre$2 if x is intol]ant t[>ds :at x consid]s error2 if x is engag$ 9 ceaseless w> ) all o!r bodies call$ ,*ri/ian2 if x1 & x alone1 is call$ ,ca?olic by ! _w1 nay1 by ^? v bodies1 & if x makes mu* ( ! title2 if x names !m h]etics1 & w>ns !m ( com+ woe1 & calls on !m "o by "o1 to come ov] to itself1 ov]look+ e o!r tie2 & if !y1 on ! o!r h&1 call x s$uc]1 h>lot1 apo/ate1 ,anti*ri/1 devil2 if1 h[ev] mu* !y diff] "o ) ano!r1 !y consid] x _! common enemy2 if !y /rive to unite toge!r aga9/ x1 & _c2 if !y are b local2 if !y cont9ually subdivide1 & x rema9s "o2 if !y fall "o aft] ano!r1 & make way = new sects1 & x rema9s ! same2 su* a religi\s communion is n unlike hi/orical ,*ri/ianity1 z x comes be=e u at ! ,nic5e ,era4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,fif? ,,& ,,six? ,,c5turies4 ,! patronage ext5d$ by ! fir/ ,*ri/ian ,emp]ors to ,arianism1 its adoption by ! b>b>ians :o succe$$ to _! p[]1 ! subsequ5t expulsion ( all h]esy beyond ! limits ( ! ,empire1 & !n aga9 ! ,monophysite t5d5cies ( ,egypt & "p ( ,syria1 *ang$ 9 "s measure ! aspect ( ! ,*ur*1 & claim our fur!r att5tion4 ,x 0 /ill a body 9 possession1 or approximat+ to ! possession1 ( ! orbis t]r>um2 b x 0 n simply int]mix$ ) sect>ies1 z we h be5 survey+ x 9 ! e>li] p]iods1 r x lay betwe5 or ov] aga9/ l>ge s*isms4 ,t same va/ ,association1 :i*1 & :i* only1 _h exi/$ f ! fir/1 :i* _h be5 id5tifi$ by all p>ties ) ,*ri/ianity1 :i* _h be5 ev] call$ ,ca?olic by p & by laws1 took a diff]5t %ape2 collect$ itself 9 f> great] /r5g? on "s po9ts ( h] ext5d$ t]ritory ?an on o!rs2 possess$ :ole k+doms ) sc>cely a rival2 lo/ o!rs p>tially or :olly1 tempor>ily or = good2 0 /emm$ 9 its c\rse "h or !re by ext]nal ob/acles2 & 0 defi$ by h]esy1 9 a sub/antive %ape & 9 mass1 f =eign l&s1 & ) ! support ( ! temporal p[]4 ,?us n to m5tion ! ,arianism ( ! ,ea/]n ,empire 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 ! :ole ( ! ,we/ 0 possess$ by ! same h]esy 9 ! fif?2 & ne>ly ! :ole ( ,asia1 ea/ ( ! ,euphrates1 z f> z x 0 ,*ri/ian1 by ! ,ne/orians1 9 ! c5turies :i* foll[$2 :ile ! ,monophysites _h almo/ ! possession ( ,egypt1 & at times ( ! :ole ,ea/]n ,*ur*4 ,i ?9k x no assumption to call ,arianism1 ,ne/orianism1 & ,euty*ianism h]esies1 or to id5tify ! contempor>y ,ca?olic ,*ur* ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,n[1 !n1 let u consid] ! mutual relation ( ,*ri/ianity & h]esy "u ^! circum/ances4 #a4 ,! ,arians ( ! ,go?ic ,race4 ,no h]esy has />t$ ) great] viol5ce or m sudd5 success ?an ! ,arian2 & x pres5ts a /ill m rem>kable exhibition ( ^! *>act]i/ics among ! b>b>ians ?an 9 ! civiliz$ _w4 ,ev5 among ! ,greeks x _h %[n a mission>y _s4 ,!ophilus 9 ! reign ( ,con/antius _h introduc$ ! dom9ant h]esy1 n )\t "s promis+ results1 to ! ,sabeans ( ! ,arabian p59sula2 b "u ,val5s1 ,ulphilas became ! apo/le ( a :ole race4 ,he taught ! ,arian doctr9e1 :i* he _h unhappily le>n$ 9 ! ,imp]ial ,c\rt1 fir/ to ! pa/oral ,moesogo?s2 :o1 unlike ! o!r bran*es ( _! family1 _h multipli$ "u ! ,moesian m\nta9s ) nei!r milit>y nor religi\s triumphs4 ,! ,visigo?s 7 next corrupt$2 by :om does n appe>4 ,x is "o ( ! s+ul> traits 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is va/ family ( hea!ns t !y s in/9ctively caught1 & s impetu\sly communicat$1 & s fi]cely ma9ta9$1 a h]esy1 :i* _h excit$ 9 ! ,empire1 except at ,con/ant9ople1 little int]e/ 9 ! body ( ! p4 ,! ,visigo?s are said to h be5 conv]t$ by ! influ5ce ( ,val5s2 b ,val5s reign$ = only f\rte5 ye>s1 & ! b>b>ian population :i* _h be5 admitt$ to ! ,empire am\nt$ to ne>ly a million ( p]sons4 ,x is z difficult to trace h[ ! h]esy 0 convey$ f !m to ! o!r b>b>ian tribes4 ,gibbon seems to suppose t ! ,visigo?s act$ ! "p ( mission>ies 9 _! c>e] ( pr$atory w>f>e f ,?race to ! ,pyr5ees4 ,b su* is ! fact1 h[ev] x 0 br\ght ab\t1 t ! success 9 arms & ! conv]sion to ,arianism1 ( ,o/rogo?s1 ,alani1 ,suevi1 ,v&als1 & ,burgundians /& z concurr5t ev5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( ! times2 & by ! end ( ! fif? c5tury ! h]esy _h be5 e/abli%$ by ! ,visigo?s 9 ,france & ,spa91 9 ,portugal by ! ,suevi1 9 ,africa by ! ,v&als1 & by ! ,o/rogo?s 9 ,italy4 ,= a :ile ! title ( ,ca?olic z appli$ to ! ,*ur* seem$ a misnom]2 = n only 0 %e buri$ b5ea? ^! populations ( h]esy1 b t h]esy 0 "o1 & ma9ta9$ ! same di/9ctive t5et1 :e!r at ,c>?age1 ,seville1 ,t\l\se1 or ,rav5na4 #b4 ,x _c be suppos$ t ^! nor!rn w>riors _h atta9$ to any high degree ( m5tal cultivation2 b !y und]/ood _! own religion en\gh to hate ! ,ca?olics1 & _! bi%ops 7 le>n$ en\gh to hold disputations = its propagation4 ,!y pr(ess$ to /& ^u ! fai? ( ,arim9um1 adm9i/]+ ,baptism "u an alt]$ =m ( words1 & re-baptiz+ ,ca?olics :om !y ga9$ ov] to _! sect4 ,x mu/ be add$ t1 :atev] 0 _! cruelty or tyranny1 bo? ,go?s & ,v&als 7 a moral p1 & put to %ame ! ,ca?olics :om !y dispossess$4 ,:at c ! pr]ogative ( a religi\s "n pr(it u1 says ,salvian1 t we call ourselves ,ca?olic1 boa/ ( be+ ! fai?ful1 taunt ,go?s & ,v&als ) ! reproa* ( an h]etical appellation1 :ile we live 9 h]etical wick$ness8#bgf3a ,! b>b>ians 7 *a/e1 temp]ate1 j1 & dev\t2 ! ,visigo? ,!odoric repair$ e morn+ ) 8 dome/ic (fic]s to 8 *apel1 :]e s]vice 0 p]=m$ by ! ,arian prie/s2 & "o s+ul> in/ance is on record ( ! defeat ( a ,visigo? =ce by ! ,imp]ial troops on a ,sunday1 :5 in/ead ( prep>+ = battle !y 7 engag$ 9 ! religi\s s]vices ( ! day4#bgf3b ,_m ( _! pr9ces 7 m5 ( great ability1 z ! two ,!odorics1 ,euric & ,leovigild4 #c4 ,successful w>riors1 animat$ by a fanatical _s ( religion1 7 n likely to be cont5t ) a m]e pr(ession ( _! own cre$2 !y proce$$ to place _! own prie/s 9 ! religi\s e/abli%m5ts :i* !y f\nd1 & to direct a bitt] p]secution aga9/ ! vanqui%$ ,ca?olics4 ,! savage cruelties ( ! ,v&al ,hunn]ic 9 ,africa h (t5 be5 enl>g$ ^u2 ,spa9 0 ! sc5e ( repeat$ p]secutions2 ,sicily1 too1 _h its ,m>tyrs4 ,comp>$ ) ^! enormities1 x 0 b a little ?+ to rob ! ,ca?olics ( _! *ur*es1 & ! %r9es ( _! treasures4 ,l&s1 immunities1 & jurisdictions1 :i* _h be5 giv5 by ! ,emp]ors to ! ,african ,*ur*1 7 made ov] to ! cl]gy ( its conqu]ors2 & by ! "t ( ,belis>ius1 ! ,ca?olic ,bi%ops _h be5 r$uc$ to less ?an a ?ird ( _! orig9al numb]4 ,9 ,spa91 z 9 ,africa1 bi%ops 7 driv5 f _! sees1 *ur*es 7 de/roy$1 cemet]ies pr(an$1 m>tyries rifl$4 ,:5 x 0 possible1 ! ,ca?olics conceal$ ! relics 9 caves1 keep+ up a p]petual memory ( ^! provisional hid+-places4#bgg3a ,repeat$ spoliations 7 ex]cis$ ^u ! prop]ty ( ! ,*ur*4 ,leovigild appli$#bgg3b its treasures p>tly to increas+ ! spl5d\r ( 8 ?rone1 p>tly to national works4 ,at o!r times1 ! ,arian cl]gy !mselves mu/ h be5 ! recipi5ts ( ! plund]3 = :5 ,*ildeb]t ! ,frank _h be5 br\ght into ,spa9 by ! cruelties ex]cis$ aga9/ ! ,ca?olic ,que5 ( ! ,go?s1 :o 0 8 si/]1 he c>ri$ away ) him f ! ,arian *ur*es1 z ,/4 ,gregory ( ,t\rs in=ms u1 sixty *alices1 fifte5 pat5s1 tw5ty cases 9 :i* ! gospels 7 kept1 all ( pure gold & ornam5t$ ) jewels4#bgg3c #d4 ,9 ,france1 & especially 9 ,italy1 ! rule ( ! h]etical p[] 0 mu* less oppressive2 ,!odoric1 ! ,o/rogo?1 reign$ f ! ,alps to ,sicily1 & till ! close ( a long reign he gave an ample tol]ation to 8 ,ca?olic subjects4 ,he respect$ _! prop]ty1 suff]$ _! *ur*es & sacr$ places to rema9 9 _! h&s1 & _h ab\t 8 c\rt "s ( _! em95t ,bi%ops1 s9ce kn[n z ,sa9ts1 ,/4 ,cs>ius ( ,arles1 & ,/4 ,epiphanius ( ,pavia4 ,/ill he br\ght into ! c\ntry a new population1 devot$ to ,arianism1 or1 z we n[ speak1 a new ,*ur*4 ,8 m>*1 says ,gibbon1#bgg3d mu/ be consid]$ z ! emigration ( an entire p2 ! wives & *ildr5 ( ! ,go?s1 _! ag$ p>5ts1 & mo/ preci\s effects1 7 c>efully transport$2 & "s idea may be =m$ ( ! heavy luggage t n[ foll[$ ! camp by ! loss ( two ?\s& waggons1 :i* _h be5 su/a9$ 9 a s+le action 9 ! w> ( ,epirus4 ,to 8 soldi]s he assign$ a ?ird ( ! soil ( ,italy1 & ! b>b>ian families settl$ d[n ) _! slaves & cattle4 ,! orig9al numb] ( ! ,v&al conqu]ors ( ,africa _h only be5 fifty ?\s& m51 b ! milit>y coloni/s ( ,italy soon am\nt$ to ! numb] ( two hundr$ ?\s&2 :i*1 accord+ to ! calculation adopt$ by ! same au?or else:]e1 involves a population ( a million4 ,! lea/ t c\ld be expect$ 01 t an ,arian asc5d5cy e/abli%$ ?r\gh ! ext5t ( ,italy w\ld provide = ! suffici5t celebration ( ! ,arian wor%ip1 & we he> ( ! ,arians hav+ a ,*ur* ev5 9 ,rome4#bgh3a ,! rule ( ! ,lomb>ds 9 ! nor? ( ,italy succe$$ to t ( ! ,go?s1--,arians1 l _! pr$ecessors1 )\t _! tol]ation4 ,! cl]gy :om !y br\ght ) !m seem to h claim$ _! %>e 9 ! possession ( ! ,ca?olic *ur*es2#bgh3b & ?\gh ! ,c\rt 0 conv]t$ at ! end ( ?irty ye>s1 _m cities 9 ,italy 7 = "s "t aft]w>ds tr\bl$ by ! pres5ce ( h]etical bi%ops4#bgh3c ,! rule ( ,arianism 9 ,france la/$ = eighty ye>s2 9 ,spa9 = a hundr$ & eighty2 9 ,africa = a hundr$2 = ab\t a hundr$ 9 ,italy4 ,^! p]iods 7 n contemporane\s2 b ext5d altoge!r f ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? to ! end ( ! six? c5tury4 #e4 ,x w be anticipat$ t ! duration ( ?is asc5d5cy ( error _h n ! fa9te/ t5d5cy to deprive ! anci5t ,*ur* ( ! ,we/ ( ! title ( ,ca?olic2 & x is ne$less to produce evid5ce ( a fact :i* is on ! v face ( ! hi/ory4 ,! ,arians seem nev] to h claim$ ! ,ca?olic "n4 ,x is m rem>kable t ! ,ca?olics dur+ ?is p]iod 7 d5ot$ by ! additional title ( ,romans4 ,( ?is !re are _m pro(s 9 ! hi/ories ( ,/4 ,gregory ( ,t\rs1 ,victor ( ,vite1 & ! ,spani% ,c\ncils4 ,?us1 ,/4 ,gregory speaks ( ,!odegisilus1 a k+ ( ,portugal1 express+ 8 incr$ulity at a miracle1 by say+1 ,x is ! temp] ( ! ,romans1 7=1 int]poses ! au?or1 !y call m5 ( our religion ,romans17 & n ! p[] ( ,god4#bgi3a ,h]esy is ev]y:]e an enemy to ,ca?olics1 says ! same ,/4 ,gregory 9 a subsequ5t place1 & he proce$s to illu/rate x by ! /ory ( a ,ca?olic woman1 :o _h a h]etic husb&1 to :om1 he says1 came a presbyt] ( our religion v ,ca?olic2 & :om ! husb& mat*$ at table ) 8 own ,arian presbyt]1 t !re might be ! prie/s ( ea* religion 9 _! h\se at once4 ,:5 !y 7 eat+1 ! husb& said to ! ,arian1 ,let u h "s sport ) ?is presbyt] ( ! ,romans4#bgi3b ,! ,arian ,c\nt ,goma*>1 seiz$ on ! l&s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,agde 9 ,france1 & 0 attack$ ) a fev]2 on 8 recov]y1 at ! pray]s ( ! ,bi%op1 he rep5t$ ( hav+ ask$ = !m1 obs]v+1 ,:at w ^! ,romans say n[8 t my fev] came ( tak+ _! l&4#bgi3c ,:5 ! ,v&al ,!odoric w\ld h kill$ ! ,ca?olic ,armoga/es1 aft] fail+ to torture him into h]esy1 8 presbyt] dissuad$ him1 le/ ! ,romans %\ld beg9 to call him a ,m>tyr4#bgi3d #f4 ,?is appellation _h two mean+s2 "o1 :i* w readily sugge/ itself1 is its use 9 contra/ to ! ^w b>b>ian1 z d5ot+ ! fai? ( ! ,empire1 z ,greek occurs 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/les4 ,9 ?is s5se x w\ld m naturally be us$ by ! ,romans !mselves ?an by o!rs4 ,?us ,salvian says1 t ne>ly all ! ,romans are great] s9n]s ?an ! b>b>ians2#bhj3a & he speaks ( ,roman h]etics1 ( :i* !re is an innum]able multitude1#bhj3b mean+ h]etics )9 ! ,empire4 ,& s ,/4 ,gregory ! ,great compla9s1 t he _h become ,bi%op ( ! ,lomb>ds r ?an ( ! ,romans4#bhj3c ,& ,evagrius1 speak+ ev5 ( ! ,ea/1 contra/s ,romans & b>b>ians#bhj3d 9 8 acc\nt ( ,/4 ,simeon2 & at a lat] date1 & ev5 to ?is day1 ,?race & portions ( ,dacia & ( ,asia ,m9or d]ive _! "n f ,rome4 ,9 l mann]1 we f9d ,syrian writ]s sometimes speak+ ( ! religion ( ! ,romans1 sometimes ( ! ,greeks1#bhj3e z synonymes4 #g4 ,b ! ^w c]ta9ly conta9s also an allusion to ! fai? & communion ( ! ,roman ,see4 ,9 ?is s5se ! ,emp]or ,!odosius1 9 8 lett] to ,acacius ( ,b]oea1 contra/s x ) ,ne/orianism1 :i* 0 )9 ! ,empire z well z ,ca?olicism2 dur+ ! controv]sy rais$ by t h]esy1 he exhorts him & o!rs to %[ !mselves approv$ prie/s ( ! ,roman religion4#bhj3f ,aga9 :5 ! ,ligurian nobles 7 p]suad+ ! ,arian ,ricim] to come to t]ms ) ,an!mius1 ! or?odox repres5tative ( ! ,greek ,emp]or1#bhj3g !y propose to him to s5d ,/4 ,epiphanius z ambassador1 a man ^: life is v5]able to e ,ca?olic & ,roman1 & at lea/ amiable 9 ! eyes ( a ,greek 7,grculus7 if he des]ves ! sight ( him4#bha3a ,x mu/ be recollect$1 too1 t ! ,spani% & ,african ,*ur*es actually 7 9 ! close/ union ) ! ,see ( ,rome at t "t1 & t t int]communion 0 ! visible ecclesia/ical di/9ction betwe5 !m & _! ,arian rivals4 ,! *ief gr\nd ( ! ,v&al ,hunn]ic's p]secution ( ! ,african ,ca?olics seems to h be5 _! connexion ) _! bre?r5 beyond ! sea1#bha3b :i* he look$ at ) jeal\sy1 z introduc+ a =eign p[] into 8 t]ritory4 ,prior to ?is he _h publi%$ an edict call+ on ! ,homosian ,bi%ops 7= on ?is occasion he did n call !m ,ca?olic71 to meet 8 own bi%ops at ,c>?age & treat conc]n+ ! fai?1 t _! meet+s to ! s$uction ( ,*ri/ian s\ls might n be held 9 ! prov9ces ( ! ,v&als4#bha3c ,^u ?is invitation1 ,eug5ius ( ,c>?age repli$1 t all ! transm>9e ,bi%ops ( ! or?odox communion ought to be summon$1 9 p>ticul> because x is a matt] = ! :ole _w1 n special to ! ,african prov9ces1 t !y c\ld n und]take a po9t ( fai? s9e univ]sitatis ass5su4 ,hunn]ic answ]$ t if ,eug5ius w\ld make him sov]eign ( ! orbis t]r>um1 he w\ld comply ) 8 reque/4 ,?is l$ ,eug5ius to say t ! or?odox fai? 0 ! only true fai?2 t ! k+ ought to write to 8 allies abroad1 if he wi%$ to "k x1 & t he himself w\ld write to 8 bre?r5 = =eign bi%ops1 :o1 he says1 may assi/ u 9 sett+ be=e y ! true fai?1 common to !m & to u1 & especially ! ,roman ,*ur*1 :i* is ! head ( all ,*ur*es4 ,moreov]1 ! ,african ,bi%ops 9 _! bani%m5t 9 ,s>d9ia1 to ! numb] ( sixty1 ) ,/4 ,fulg5tius at _! head1 quote ) approbation ! words ( ,pope ,hormisdas1 to ! effect t !y hold1 on ! po9t ( free w & div9e grace1 :at ! ,roman1 t is1 ! ,ca?olic1 ,*ur* foll[s & pres]ves4#bhb3a ,aga91 ! ,spani% ,*ur* 0 "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! ,pope's ,vic>#bhb3b dur+ ! p]secutions1 ^: duty x 0 to h9d] all encroa*m5ts ^u ! ,apo/olical decrees1 or ! limits ( ! ,holy ,fa!rs1 ?r\gh ! :ole ( ! c\ntry4 #h4 ,nor 0 ! association ( ,ca?olicism ) ! ,see ( ,rome an introduction ( t age4 ,! ,emp]or ,gratian1 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 _h ord]$ t ! ,*ur*es :i* ! ,arians _h usurp$ %\ld be re/or$ 7n to ^? :o held ! ,ca?olic fai?1 or ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 or 7 9 communion ) ! orbis t]r>um17 b :o *ose ! communion ( ,damasus1#bhb3c ! !n ,pope4 ,x 0 ,/4 ,j]ome's rule1 also1 9 "s well-kn[n passages3--,writ+ aga9/ ,ruff9us1 :o _h spok5 ( our fai?1 he says1 ,:at does he mean by '8 fai?'8 t :i* is ! /r5g? ( ! ,roman ,*ur*8 or t :i* is conta9$ 9 ! volumes ( ,orig58 ,if he answ]1 ',! ,roman1' !n we are ,ca?olics :o h borr[$ no?+ ( ,orig5's error2 b if ,orig5's blasphemy be 8 fai?1 !n1 :ile he is *>g+ me ) inconsi/5cy1 he proves himself to be an h]etic4#bhb3d ,! o!r passage1 already quot$1 is /ill m exactly to ! po9t1 because x 0 writt5 on occasion ( a s*ism4 ,! divisions at ,antio* _h ?r[n ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* into a rem>kable position2 !re 7 two ,bi%ops 9 ! ,see1 "o 9 connexion ) ! ,ea/1 ! o!r ) ,egypt & ! ,we/1--) :i* !n 0 ,ca?olic ,communion8 ,/4 ,j]ome has no d\bt on ! subject3--,writ+ to ,/4 ,damasus1 he says1 ,s9ce ! ,ea/ te>s into pieces ! ,"l's coat1 4 4 4 !re=e by me is ! *air ( ,pet] to be consult$1 & t fai? :i* is prais$ by ! ,apo/le's m\?4 4 4 4 ,?\gh y\r greatness t]rifies me1 yet y\r k9dness invites me4 ,f ! ,prie/ ,i ask ! salvation ( ! victim1 f ! ,%eph]d ! protection ( ! %eep4 ,let u speak )\t (f5ce2 ,i c\rt n ! ,roman height3 ,i speak ) ! successor ( ! ,fi%]man & ! disciple ( ! ,cross4 ,i1 :o foll[ none z my *ief b ,*ri/1 am associat$ 9 communion ) ?y bless$ness1 t is1 ) ! ,see ( ,pet]4 ,on t rock ! ,*ur* is built1 ,i "k4 ,:oso %all eat ! ,lamb outside t ,h\se is pr(ane 4 4 4 4 ,i "k n ,vitalis 7! ,apoll9>ian71 ,meletius ,i reject1 ,i am ignorant ( ,paul9us4 ,:oso ga!re? n ) !e1 scatt]e?2 t is1 he :o is n ( ,*ri/ is ( ,anti*ri/4#bhc3a ,aga91 ,! anci5t au?ority ( ! monks1 dwell+ r\nd ab\t1 rises aga9/ me2 ,i mean:ile cry out1 ,if any be jo9$ to ,pet]'s *air he is m9e4#bhc3b #i4 ,"h 0 :at may be consid]$ a dignus v9dice nodus1 ! ,*ur* be+ divid$1 & an arbit] want$4 ,su* a case _h also occurr$ 9 ,africa 9 ! controv]sy ) ! ,donati/s4 ,f\r hundr$ bi%ops1 ?\gh b 9 "o region1 7 a fif? "p ( ! :ole ,episcopate ( ,*ri/5dom1 & might seem too _m = a s*ism1 & 9 !mselves too l>ge a body to be cut (f f ,god's inh]itance by a m]e majority1 ev5 _h x be5 ov]:elm+4 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 !n1 :o s (t5 appeals to ! orbis t]r>um1 sometimes adopts a m prompt crit]ion4 ,he tells c]ta9 ,donati/s to :om he writes1 t ! ,ca?olic ,bi%op ( ,c>?age 0 able to make light ( ! ?rong+ multitude ( 8 enemies1 :5 he f\nd himself by lett]s ( cr$5ce jo9$ bo? to ! ,roman ,*ur*1 9 :i* ev] _h fl\ri%$ ! pr9cipality ( ! ,apo/olical ,see1 & to ! o!r l&s :5ce ! gospel came to ,africa itself4#bhd3a ,!re are good reasons !n = expla9+ ! ,go?ic & ,arian use ( ! ^w ,roman1 :5 appli$ to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* & fai?1 ( some?+ beyond its m]e connexion ) ! ,empire1 :i* ! b>b>ians 7 assault+2 nor w\ld ,roman surely be ! mo/ obvi\s ^w to d5ote ! or?odox fai?1 9 ! m\?s ( a p :o _h le>n$ _! h]esy f a ,roman ,emp]or & ,c\rt1 & :o pr(ess$ to direct _! belief by ! great ,lat9 ,c\ncil ( ,arim9um4 #aj4 ,z !n ! f\r? c5tury pres5t$ to u 9 its ext]nal aspect ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ly+ 9 ! mid/ ( a multitude ( sects1 all enemies to x1 s 9 ! fif? & six? we see ! same ,*ur* ly+ 9 ! ,we/ "u ! oppression ( a huge1 f>spread+1 & s*ismatical communion4 ,h]esy is no long] a dome/ic enemy int]m+l$ ) ! ,*ur*1 b x occupies its own gr\nd & is ext5d$ ov] aga9/ h]1 ev5 ?\gh on ! same t]ritory1 & is m or less organiz$1 & _c be s promptly refut$ by ! simple te/ ( ,ca?olicity4 #b4 ,! ,ne/orians4 ,! ,*ur*es ( ,syria & ,asia ,m9or 7 ! mo/ intellectual portion ( e>ly ,*ri/5dom4 ,alex&ria 0 b "o metropolis 9 a l>ge region1 & conta9$ ! philosophy ( ! :ole ,patri>*ate2 b ,syria ab\nd$ 9 weal?y & luxuri\s cities1 ! creation ( ! ,seleucid1 :]e ! arts & ! s*ools ( ,greece _h full opportunities ( cultivation4 ,= a "t too1 = ! fir/ two hundr$ ye>s1 z "s ?9k1 ,alex&ria 0 ! only ,see z well z ! only s*ool ( ,egypt2 :ile ,syria 0 divid$ into small] dioceses1 ea* ( :i* _h at fir/ an au?ority ( its own1 & :i*1 ev5 aft] ! gr[? ( ! ,patri>*al p[]1 receiv$ _! respective bi%ops1 n f ! ,see ( ,antio*1 b f _! own metropolitan4 ,9 ,syria too ! s*ools 7 private1 a circum/ance :i* w\ld t5d bo? to div]sity 9 religi\s op9ion1 & incaution 9 ! expression ( x2 b ! sole cate*etical s*ool ( ,egypt 0 ! organ ( ! ,*ur*1 & its ,bi%op c\ld bani% ,orig5 = speculations :i* develop$ & rip5$ ) impunity 9 ,syria4 #b4 ,b ! imm$iate s\rce ( t f]tility 9 h]esy1 :i* is ! unhapp9ess ( ! anci5t ,syrian ,*ur*1 0 its celebrat$ ,exegetical ,s*ool4 ,! hi/ory ( t ,s*ool is summ$ up 9 ! broad *>act]i/ic fact1 on ! "o h& t x devot$ itself to ! lit]al & critical int]pretation ( ,scripture1 & on ! o!r t x gave rise fir/ to ! ,arian & !n to ! ,ne/orian h]esy4 ,if additional evid5ce be want$ ( ! connexion ( het]odoxy & biblical criticism 9 t age1 x is f\nd 9 ! fact t1 n long aft] ?is co9cid5ce 9 ,syria1 !y are f\nd comb9$ 9 ! p]son ( ,!odore ( ,h]aclea1 s call$ f ! place bo? ( 8 bir? & 8 bi%oprick1 an able comm5tator & an active enemy ( ,/4 ,a?anasius1 ?\gh a ,?racian unconnect$ except by sympa?y ) ! ,patri>*ate ( ,antio*4 ,! ,antio*5e ,s*ool appe>s to h ris5 9 ! middle ( ! ?ird c5tury2 b !re is no evid5ce to det]m9e :e!r x 0 a local in/itution1 or1 z is m probable1 a discipl9e or me?od *>act]i/ic g5]ally ( ,syrian tea*+4 ,doro!us is "o ( its e>lie/ lum9>ies2 he is kn[n z a ,hebrew s*ol>1 z well z a comm5tator on ! sacr$ text1 & he 0 ! ma/] ( ,eusebius ( ,cs>ea4 ,lucian1 ! fri5d ( ! notori\s ,paul ( ,samosata1 & = ?ree successive ,episcopates aft] him sep>at$ f ! ,*ur* ?\gh aft]w>ds a m>tyr 9 x1 0 ! au?or ( a new edition ( ! ,septuag9t1 & ma/] ( ! *ief orig9al tea*]s ( ,arianism4 ,eusebius ( ,cs>ea1 ,a/]ius call$ ! ,sophi/1 & ,eusebius ( ,emesa1 ,arians ( ! ,nic5e p]iod1 & ,diodorus1 a zeal\s oppon5t ( ,arianism1 b ! ma/] ( ,!odore ( ,mopsue/ia1 h all a place 9 ! ,exegetical ,s*ool4 ,/4 ,*ryso/om & ,!odoret1 bo? ,syrians1 & ! =m] ! pupil ( ,diodorus1 adopt$ ! lit]al int]pretation1 ?\gh pres]v$ f its abuse4 ,b ! pr9cipal doctor ( ! ,s*ool 0 t ,!odore1 ! ma/] ( ,ne/orius1 :o has j above be5 m5tion$1 & :o1 ) 8 writ+s1 & ) ! writ+s ( ,!odoret aga9/ ,/4 ,cyril1 & ! lett] writt5 by ,ibas ( ,edessa to ,m>is1 0 condemn$ by ! fif? ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil4 ,ibas 0 ! translator into ,syriac1 & ,m>is into ,p]sian1 ( ! books ( ,!odore & ,diodorus2#bhf3a & ?us !y became imm$iate in/rum5ts 9 ! =mation ( ! great ,ne/orian s*ool & ,*ur* 9 f>!r ,asia4 ,z _m z t5 ?\s& tracts ( ,!odore are said 9 ?is way to h be5 introduc$ to ! k ( ! ,*ri/ians ( ,mesopotamia1 ,adiab5e1 ,babylonia1 & ! neighb\r+ c\ntries4 ,he 0 call$ by ^? ,*ur*es absolutely ! ,int]pret]1 & x ev5tually became ! v pr(ession ( ! ,ne/orian communion to foll[ him z su*4 ,! doctr9e ( all our ,ea/]n ,*ur*es1 says _! ,c\ncil "u ! ,patri>* ,m>abas1 is f\nd$ on ! ,cre$ ( ,nica2 b 9 ! exposition ( ! ,scriptures we foll[ ,/4 ,!odore4 ,we mu/ by all means rema9 firm to ! comm5t>ies ( ! great ,comm5tator1 says ! ,c\ncil "u ,sab>jesus2 :oso %all 9 any mann] oppose !m1 or ?9k o!rwise1 be he ana!ma4#bhg3a ,no "o s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ,*ri/ianity1 except ,orig5 & ,/4 ,augu/9e1 has _h s great lit]>y influ5ce on 8 bre?r5 z ,!odore4#bhg3b #c4 ,! orig9al ,syrian ,s*ool _h possess$ v m>k$ *>act]i/ics1 :i* x did n lose :5 x pass$ into a new c\ntry & into /range tongues4 ,its comm5ts on ,scripture seem to h be5 cle>1 natural1 me?odical1 apposite1 & logically exact4 ,9 all ,we/]n ,arama1 says ,l5g]ke1 t is1 9 ,syria1 !re 0 b "o mode ( treat+ :e!r exegetics or doctr9e1 ! practical4#bhg3c ,?us ,eusebius ( ,cs>ea1 :e!r z a disputant or a comm5tator1 is commonly a writ] ( s5se & judgm5t2 & he is to be ref]r$ to ! ,syrian s*ool1 ?\gh he does n ent] s f> into its temp] z to exclude ! my/ical int]pretation or to d5y ! v]bal inspiration ( ,scripture4 ,aga91 we see 9 ,/4 ,*ryso/om a direct1 /raight=w>d treatm5t ( ! sacr$ text1 & a po9t$ application ( x to ?+s & p]sons2 & ,!odoret ab\nds 9 modes ( ?9k+ & reason+ :i* )\t any great impropriety may be call$ ,engli%4 ,aga91 ,/4 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem1 ?\gh he does n ab/a9 f allegory1 %[s ! "* ( 8 s*ool by ! great /ress he lays ^u ! /udy ( ,scripture1 &1 ,i may add1 by ! peculi> *>act]i/ics ( 8 /yle1 :i* w be appreciat$ by a mod]n read]4 #d4 ,x w\ld h be5 well1 _h ! g5ius ( ! ,syrian !ology be5 ev] 9 ! safe keep+ ( m5 su* z ,/4 ,cyril1 ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 & ,!odoret2 b 9 ,!odore ( ,mopsue/ia1 nay 9 ,diodorus be=e him1 x develop$ into ^? errors1 ( :i* ,paul ( ,samosata _h be5 ! om5 on its rise4 ,z its att5tion 0 *iefly direct$ to ! exam9ation ( ! ,scriptures1 9 its int]pretation ( ! ,scriptures 0 its h]etical temp] discov]$2 & ?\gh allegory c be made an in/rum5t = evad+ ,scripture doctr9e1 criticism may m readily be turn$ to ! de/ruction ( doctr9e & ,scripture toge!r4 ,!odore 0 b5t on asc]ta9+ ! lit]al s5se1 an object ) :i* no fault c\ld be f\nd3 b1 lead+ him ( c\rse to ! ,hebrew text in/ead ( ! ,septuag9t1 x also l$ him to ,jewi% comm5tators4 ,jewi% comm5tators naturally sugge/$ ev5ts & objects %ort ( evangelical z ! fulfilm5t ( ! prophetical ann\ncem5ts1 &1 :5 x 0 possible1 an e?ical s5se in/ead ( a prophetical4 ,! eigh? *apt] ( ,prov]bs ceas$ to be> a ,*ri/ian mean+1 because1 z ,!odore ma9ta9$1 ! writ] ( ! book _h receiv$ ! gift1 n ( prophecy1 b ( wisdom4 ,! ,canticles mu/ be int]pret$ lit]ally2 & !n x 0 b an easy1 or r a necess>y /ep1 to exclude ! book f ! ,canon4 ,! book ( ,job too pr(ess$ to be hi/orical2 yet :at 0 x really b a ,g5tile drama8 ,he also gave up ! books ( ,*ronicles & ,ezra1 &1 /range to say1 ! ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,james1 ?\gh x 0 conta9$ 9 ! ,pes*ito ,v]sion ( 8 ,*ur*4 ,he d5i$ t ,psalms #bb & #fi #ba & #fh appli$ to our ,"l2 r he limit$ ! ,messianic passages ( ! :ole book to f\r2 ( :i* ! eigh? ,psalm 0 "o1 & ! =ty-fif? #dd ano!r4 ,! re/ he expla9$ ( ,hezekiah & ,z]ubbabel1 )\t d5y+ t !y might be accommodat$ to an evangelical s5se4#bhh3a ,he expla9$ ,/4 ,?omas's words1 ,my ,"l & my ,god1 z an exclamation ( joy1 & our ,"l's ,receive ye ! ,holy ,gho/1 z an anticipation ( ! day ( ,p5teco/4 ,z may be expect$ he d5i$ ! v]bal inspiration ( ,scripture4 ,also1 he held t ! deluge did n cov] ! e>?2 &1 z o!rs be=e him1 he 0 het]odox on ! doctr9e ( orig9al s91 & d5i$ ! et]nity ( puni%m5t4 #e4 ,ma9ta9+ t ! real s5se ( ,scripture 01 n ! scope ( a ,div9e ,intellig5ce1 b ! int5tion ( ! m]e human organ ( inspiration1 ,!odore 0 l$ to hold1 n only t t s5se 0 "o 9 ea* text1 b t x 0 cont9u\s & s+le 9 a context2 t :at 0 ! subject ( ! composition 9 "o v]se mu/ be ! subject 9 ! next1 & t if a ,psalm 0 hi/orical or prophetical 9 its comm5cem5t1 x 0 ! "o or ! o!r to its t]m9ation4 ,ev5 t fulness1 ( mean+1 ref9em5t ( ?\ght1 subtle v]satility ( feel+1 & delicate res]ve or rev]5t sugge/iv5ess1 :i* poets exemplify1 seems to h be5 exclud$ f 8 idea ( a sacr$ composition4 ,accord+ly1 if a ,psalm conta9$ passages :i* c\ld n be appli$ to our ,"l1 x foll[$ t t ,psalm did n prop]ly apply to ,him at all1 except by accommodation4 ,su* at lea/ is ! doctr9e ( ,cosmas1 a writ] ( ,!odore's s*ool1 :o on ?is gr\nd passes ov] ! tw5ty-second1 sixty-n9?1 & o!r ,psalms1 & limits ! ,messianic to ! second1 ! eigh?1 ! =ty-fif?1 & ! hundr$ & t5?4 ,david1 he says1 did n make common to ! s]vants :at belongs to ! ,"l#bhi3a ,*ri/1 b :at 0 prop] to ! ,"l he spoke ( ! ,"l1 & :at 0 prop] to ! s]vants1 ( s]vants4#bhi3b ,accord+ly ! tw5ty-second c\ld n prop]ly belong to ,*ri/1 because 9 ! beg9n+ x spoke ( ! v]ba delictorum meorum4 ,a rem>kable consequ5ce w\ld foll[ f ?is doctr9e1 t z ,*ri/ 0 to be sep>at$ f ,8 ,sa9ts1 s ! ,sa9ts 7 to be sep>at$ f ,*ri/2 & an op5+ 0 made = a d5ial ( ! doctr9e ( _! cultus1 ?\gh ?is d5ial 9 ! ev5t has n be5 develop$ among ! ,ne/orians4 ,b a m s]i\s consequ5ce is lat5tly conta9$ 9 x1 & no?+ else ?an ! ,ne/orian h]esy1 viz4 t our ,"l's manhood is n s intimately includ$ 9 ,8 ,div9e ,p]sonality t ,8 bre?r5 accord+ to ! fle% may be associat$ ) ! ,image ( ! ,"o ,*ri/4 ,"h ,/4 ,*ryso/om po9t$ly contradicts ! doctr9e ( ,!odore1 ?\gh 8 fell[-pupil & fri5d2#bij3a z does ,/4 ,ephrem1 ?\gh a ,syrian also2#bij3b & ,/4 ,basil4#bij3c #f4 ,"o o!r peculi>ity ( ! ,syrian s*ool1 view$ z indep5d5t ( ,ne/orius1 %\ld be add$3--,z x t5d$ to ! sep>ation ( ! ,div9e ,p]son ( ,*ri/ f ,8 manhood1 s did x t5d to expla9 away ,8 ,div9e ,pres5ce 9 ! ,sacram5tal elem5ts4 ,erne/i seems to consid] ! s*ool1 9 mod]n language1 ,sacram5t>ian3 & c]ta9ly "s ( ! mo/ cog5t te/imonies br\ght by mod]ns aga9/ ! ,ca?olic doctr9e ( ! ,eu*>i/ are tak5 f writ]s :o are connect$ ) t s*ool2 z ! au?or1 said to be ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 ( ! ,epi/le to ,cs>ius1 ,!odoret 9 8 ,erani/es1 & ,facundus4 ,"s c\nt5ance too is giv5 to ! same view ( ! ,eu*>i/1 at lea/ 9 "s p>ts ( 8 works1 by ,orig51 ^: language conc]n+ ! ,inc>nation also leans to :at 0 aft]w>ds ,ne/orianism4 ,to ^! may be add$ ,eusebius1#bia3a :o1 f> remov$1 z he 01 f t h]esy1 0 a disciple ( ! ,syrian s*ool4 ,! language ( ! lat] ,ne/orian writ]s seems to h be5 ( ! same "*4#bia3b ,su* !n on ! :ole is ! "* ( t !ology ( ,!odore :i* pass$ f ,cilicia & ,antio* to ,edessa fir/1 & !n to ,nisibis4 #g4 ,edessa1 ! metropolis ( ,mesopotamia1 _h rema9$ an ,ori5tal city till ! ?ird c5tury1 :5 x 0 made a ,roman colony by ,c>acalla4#bia3c ,its position on ! conf9es ( two empires gave x great ecclesia/ical importance1 z ! *annel by :i* ! !ology ( ,rome & ,greece 0 convey$ to a family ( ,*ri/ians1 dwell+ 9 contempt & p]secution amid a /ill hea!n _w4 ,x 0 ! seat ( v>i\s s*ools2 app>5tly ( a ,greek s*ool1 :]e ! classics 7 /udi$ z well z !ology1 :]e ,eusebius ( ,emesa#bia3d _h orig9ally be5 tra9$1 & :]e p]haps ,protog5es taught4#bia3e ,!re 7 also ,syrian s*ools att5d$ by hea!n & ,*ri/ian y\?s 9 common4 ,! cultivation ( ! native language _h be5 an especial object ( its ma/]s s9ce ! "t ( ,vespasian1 s t ! pure & ref9$ dialect w5t by ! "n ( ! ,edess5e4#bia3f ,at ,edessa too ,/4 ,ephrem =m$ 8 own ,syrian s*ool1 :i* la/$ long aft] him2 & !re too 0 ! celebrat$ ,p]sian ,*ri/ian s*ool1 ov] :i* ,m>is presid$1 :o has be5 already m5tion$ z ! translator ( ,!odore into ,p]sian4#bia3g ,ev5 9 ! "t ( ! pr$ecessor ( ,ibas 9 ! ,see 7be=e ,a4,d4 #dce7 ! ,ne/orianism ( ?is ,p]sian ,s*ool 0 s notori\s t ,rabbula ! ,bi%op _h expell$ its ma/]s & s*ol>s2#bib3a & !y1 tak+ refuge 9 a c\ntry :i* might be call$ _! own1 _h introduc$ ! h]esy to ! ,*ur*es subject to ! ,p]sian ,k+4 #h4 ,some?+ ought to be said ( ^! ,*ur*es2 ?\gh little is kn[n except :at is reveal$ by ! fact1 9 itself ( no slight value1 t !y _h su/a9$ two p]secutions at ! h&s ( ! hea!n gov]nm5t 9 ! f\r? & fif? c5turies4 ,"o te/imony is extant z e>ly z ! end ( ! second c5tury1 to ! effect t 9 ,p>?ia1 ,m$ia1 ,p]sia1 & ,bactria !re 7 ,*ri/ians :o 7 n ov]come by evil laws & cu/oms4#bib3b ,9 ! e>ly "p ( ! f\r? c5tury1 a bi%op ( ,p]sia att5d$ ! ,nic5e ,c\ncil1 & ab\t ! same "t ,*ri/ianity is said to h p]vad$ ne>ly ! :ole ( ,assyria4#bib3c ,mona*ism _h be5 introduc$ !re be=e ! middle ( ! f\r? c5tury1 & %ortly aft] comm5c$ t fe>ful p]secution 9 :i* sixte5 ?\s& ,*ri/ians are said to h suff]$4 ,x la/$ ?irty ye>s1 & is said to h recomm5c$ at ! end ( ! ,c5tury4 ,! second p]secution la/$ = at lea/ ano!r ?irty ye>s ( ! next1 at ! v "t :5 ! ,ne/orian tr\bles 7 9 progress 9 ! ,empire4 ,trials su* z ^! %[ ! popul\sness z well z ! fai? ( ! ,*ur*es 9 ^? p>ts1--& ! numb] ( ! ,sees1 = ! names ( tw5ty-sev5 ,bi%ops are pres]v$ :o suff]$ 9 ! =m] p]secution4 ,"o ( !m 0 appreh5d$ toge!r ) sixte5 prie/s1 n9e deacons1 besides monks & nuns ( 8 diocese2 ano!r ) tw5ty-eight companions1 ecclesia/ics or regul>s2 ano!r ) "o hundr$ ecclesia/ics ( diff]5t ord]s2 ano!r ) "o hundr$ & tw5ty-eight2 ano!r ) 8 *orepiscopus & two hundr$ & fifty ( 8 cl]gy4 ,su* 0 ! ,*ur*1 consecrat$ by ! blood ( s _m m>tyrs1 :i* imm$iately aft] its glori\s confession fell a prey to ! !ology ( ,!odore2 & :i* ?r\gh a succession ( ages manife/$ ! en]gy1 :5 x _h lo/ ! pure or?odoxy ( ,sa9ts4 #i4 ,! memb]s ( ! ,p]sian s*ool1 :o _h be5 driv5 out ( ,edessa by ,rabbula1 f\nd a wide field op5 = _! ex]tions "u ! pagan gov]nm5t ) :i* !y _h tak5 refuge4 ,! ,p]sian mon>*s1 :o _h (t5 prohibit$ by edict#bic3a ! int]communion ( ! ,*ur* "u _! sway ) ! c\ntries t[>ds ! we/1 readily ext5d$ _! protection to exiles1 ^: v pr(ession 0 ! means ( de/roy+ its ,ca?olicity4 ,b>sumas1 ! mo/ en]getic ( !m1 0 plac$ 9 ! metropolitan ,see ( ,nisibis1 :]e also ! fugitive s*ool 0 settl$ "u ! presid5cy ( ano!r ( _! p>ty2 :ile ,m>is 0 promot$ to ! ,see ( ,ardas*ir4 ,! primacy ( ! ,*ur* _h f an e>ly p]iod belong$ to ! ,see ( ,seleucia 9 ,babylonia4 ,ca?olicus 0 ! title appropriat$ to its occupant1 z well z to ! ,p]sian ,primate1 z be+ deputies ( ! ,patri>* ( ,antio*1 & 0 d]iv$ app>5tly f ! ,imp]ial dignity s call$1 d5ot+ _! function z ,procurators-g5]al1 or (fic]s 9 *ief = ! regions 9 :i* !y 7 plac$4 ,acacius1 ano!r ( ! ,edess5e p>ty1 0 put into ?is pr9cipal ,see1 & suff]$1 if he did n fur!r1 ! innovations ( ,b>sumas4 ,! mode by :i* ! latt] effect$ ^? measures has be5 left on record by an enemy4 ,b>sumas accus$ ,babuu1 ! ,ca?olicus1 be=e ,k+ ,ph]ozes1 :isp]+1 ',^! m5 hold ! fai? ( ! ,romans1 & are _! spies4 ,give me p[] aga9/ !m to arre/ !m4'#bid3a ,x is said t 9 ?is way he obta9$ ! dea? ( ,babuu1 :om ,acacius succe$$4 ,:5 a m9ority resi/$#bid3b ! process ( s*ism1 a p]secution foll[$4 ,! dea? ( sev5 ?\s& sev5 hundr$ ,ca?olics is said by ,monophysite au?orities to h be5 ! price ( ! sev]ance ( ! ,*aldaic ,*ur*es f ,*ri/5dom4#bid3c ,_! loss 0 comp5sat$ 9 ! eyes ( ! ,gov]nm5t by ! multitude ( ,ne/orian fugitives1 :o flock$ into ,p]sia f ! ,empire1 numb]s ( !m indu/ri\s artisans1 :o s\ght a c\ntry :]e _! own religion 0 9 ! asc5dant4 #aj4 ,t religion 0 f\nd$1 z we h already se51 9 ! lit]al int]pretation ( ,holy ,scripture1 ( :i* ,!odore 0 ! pr9cipal tea*]4 ,! doctr9e1 9 :i* x =mally consi/$1 is kn[n by ! "n ( ,ne/orianism3 x lay 9 ! ascription ( a human z well z a ,div9e ,p]sonality to our ,"l2 & x %[$ itself 9 d5y+ ! title ( ,"m ( ,god1 or !otokos1 to ! ,bless$ ,m>y4 ,z to our ,"l's ,p]sonality1 ! "q ( language came into ! controv]sy1 :i* always s]ves to p]plex a subject & make a dispute seem a matt] ( words4 ,! native ,syrians made a di/9ction betwe5 ! ^w ,p]son1 & ,prosopon1 :i* /&s = x 9 ,greek2 !y all[$ t !re 0 "o ,prosopon or ,p>sopa1 z !y call$ x1 & !y held?at !re 7 two ,p]sons4 ,if x is ask$ :at !y meant by p>sopa1 ! answ] seems to be1 t !y took ! ^w m]ely 9 ! s5se ( "* or aspect1 a s5se famili> to ! ,greek prosopon1 & q irrelevant z a gu>antee ( _! or?odoxy4 ,x foll[s moreov] t1 s9ce ! aspect ( a ?+ is its impression ^u ! behold]1 ! p]sonality to :i* !y ascrib$ unity mu/ h laid 9 our ,"l's manhood1 & n 9 ,8 ,div9e ,nature4 ,b x is h>dly wor? :ile pursu+ ! h]esy to its limits4 ,next1 z to ! phrase ,"m ( ,god1 !y reject$ x z unscriptural2 !y ma9ta9$ t ,/4 ,m>y 0 ,"m ( ! humanity ( ,*ri/1 n ( ! ,^w1 & !y =tifi$ !mselves by ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 9 :i* no su* title is ascrib$ to h]4 #aa4 ,:atev] might be ! obscurity or ! plausibility ( _! orig9al dogma1 !re is no?+ obscure or attractive 9 ! developm5ts1 :e!r ( doctr9e or ( practice1 9 :i* x issu$4 ,! fir/ act ( ! exiles ( ,edessa1 on _! obta9+ p[] 9 ! ,*aldean communion1 0 to aboli% ! celibacy ( ! cl]gy1 or1 9 ,gibbon's =cible words1 to all[ ! public & reit]at$ nuptials ( ! prie/s1 ! bi%ops1 & ev5 ! patri>* himself4 ,b>sumas1 ! great in/rum5t ( ! *ange ( religion1 0 ! fir/ to set an example ( ! new usage1 & is ev5 said by a ,ne/orian writ] to h m>ri$ a nun4#bie3a ,he pass$ a ,canon at ,c\ncils1 held at ,seleucia & else:]e1 t bi%ops & prie/s might m>ry1 & might r5ew _! wives z (t5 z !y lo/ !m4 ,! ,ca?olicus :o foll[$ ,acacius w5t s f> z to ext5d ! b5efit ( ! ,canon to ,monks1 t is1 to de/roy ! ,mona/ic ord]2 & 8 two successors avail$ !mselves ( ?is lib]ty1 & are record$ to h be5 fa!rs4 ,a re/riction1 h[ev]1 0 aft]w>ds plac$ ^u ! ,ca?olicus1 & ^u ! ,episcopal ord]4 #ab4 ,su* 7 ! circum/ances1 & su* ! pr9ciples1 "u :i* ! ,see ( ,seleucia became ! ,rome ( ! ,ea/4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t ! ,ca?olicus took on himself ! l(ti] & indep5d5t title ( ,patri>* ( ,babylon2 & ?\gh ,seleucia 0 *ang$ = ,ctesiphon & = ,bagdad1#bif3a /ill ! "n ( ,babylon 0 pres]v$ f fir/ to la/ z a =mal or ideal ,metropolis4 ,9 ! "t ( ! ,caliphs1 x 0 at ! head ( z _m z tw5ty-five ,ar*bi%ops2 its ,communion ext5d$ f ,*9a to ,j]usalem2 & its numb]s1 ) ^? ( ! ,monophysites1 are said to h surpass$ ^? ( ! ,greek & ,lat9 ,*ur*es toge!r4 ,! ,ne/orians seem to h be5 unwill+1 l ! ,novatians1 to be call$ by ! "n ( _! f\nd]1#bif3b ?\gh !y confess$ x _h adh]$ to !m2 "o in/ance may be specifi$ ( _! assum+ ! "n ( ,ca?olic1#bif3c b !re is no?+ to %[ x 0 giv5 !m by o!rs4 ,f ! conque/ ( ,p]sia1 says ,gibbon1 !y c>ri$ _! spiritual arms to ! ,nor?1 ! ,ea/1 & ! ,s\?2 & ! simplicity ( ! ,gospel 0 fa%ion$ & pa9t$ ) ! col\rs ( ! ,syriac !ology4 ,9 ! six? c5tury1 accord+ to ! report ( a ,ne/orian travell]1 ,*ri/ianity 0 successfully prea*$ to ! ,bactrians1 ! ,huns1 ! ,p]sians1 ! ,indians1 ! ,p]s>m5ians1 ! ,m$es1 & ! ,elamites3 ! ,b>b>ic ,*ur*es f ! gulf ( ,p]sia to ! ,caspian ,sea 7 almo/ inf9ite2 & _! rec5t fai? 0 conspicu\s 9 ! numb] & sanctity ( _! monks & m>tyrs4 ,! pepp] coa/ ( ,malab> & ! isles ( ! ocean1 ,socotra & ,ceylon1 7 peopl$ ) an increas+ multitude ( ,*ri/ians1 & ! bi%ops & cl]gy ( ^? seque/]$ regions d]iv$ _! ord9ation f ! ,ca?olicus ( ,babylon4 ,9 a subsequ5t age1 ! zeal ( ! ,ne/orians ov]leap$ ! limits :i* _h conf9$ ! ambition & curiosity bo? ( ! ,greeks & ,p]sians4 ,! mission>ies ( ,bal* & ,sam>c& pursu$ )\t fe> ! foot/eps ( ! rov+ ,t>t>1 & ins9uat$ !mselves into ! camps ( ! valleys ( ,imaus & ! banks ( ! ,sel+a4#big3a #c4 ,! ,monophysites4 ,euty*es 0 ,ar*im&rite1 or ,abbot1 ( a ,mona/]y 9 ! suburbs ( ,con/ant9ople2 he 0 a man ( unexceptionable "*1 & 0 ( ! age ( sev5ty ye>s1 & _h be5 ,abbot = ?irty1 at ! date ( 8 unhappy introduction into ecclesia/ical hi/ory4 ,he _h be5 ! fri5d & assi/ant ( ,/4 ,cyril ( ,alex&ria1 & _h lately tak5 "p aga9/ ,ibas1 ,bi%op ( ,edessa1 ^: "n has occurr$ 9 ! above acc\nt ( ! ,ne/orians4 ,= "s "t he _h be5 engag$ 9 tea*+ a doctr9e conc]n+ ! ,inc>nation1 :i* he ma9ta9$ inde$ to be none o!r ?an t ( ,/4 ,cyril's 9 8 controv]sy ) ,ne/orius1 b :i* o!rs d5\nc$ z a h]esy 9 ! opposite extreme1 & sub/antially a reass]tion ( ,apoll9>ianism4 ,! subject 0 br\ght be=e a ,c\ncil ( ,con/ant9ople1 "u ! presid5cy ( ,flavian1 ! ,patri>*1 9 ! ye> #ddh2 & ,euty*es 0 condemn$ by ! assembl$ ,bi%ops ( hold+ ! doctr9e ( ,"o1 in/ead ( ,two ,natures 9 ,*ri/4 #b4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y = our pres5t purpose to asc]ta9 accurately :at he held1 & !re has be5 a great deal ( controv]sy on ! subject2 p>tly f confusion betwe5 him & 8 successors1 p>tly f ! indecision or ! ambiguity :i* commonly atta*es to ! pr(essions ( h]etics4 ,if a /atem5t mu/ "h be made ( ! doctr9e ( ,euty*es himself1 9 :om ! controv]sy began1 let x be said to consi/ 9 ^! two t5ets3--9 ma9ta9+ fir/1 t be=e ! ,inc>nation !re 7 two natures1 aft] _! union "o1 or t our ,"l 0 ( or f two natures1 b n 9 two2--&1 secondly1 t ,8 fle% 0 n ( "o sub/ance ) ours1 t is1 n ( ! sub/ance ( ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,( ^! two po9ts1 he seem$ will+ to ab&on ! second1 b 0 firm 9 8 ma9t5ance ( ! fir/4 ,b let u return to ! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,9 8 exam9ation ,euty*es all[$ t ! ,holy ,virg9 0 consub/antial ) u1 & t our ,god 0 inc>nate ( h]2 b he w\ld n all[ t ,he 0 !re=e1 z man1 consub/antial ) u1 8 notion app>5tly be+ t union ) ! ,div9ity _h *ang$ :at o!rwise w\ld h be5 human nature4 ,h[ev]1 :5 press$1 he said1 t1 ?\gh up to t day he _h n p]mitt$ himself to discuss ! nature ( ,*ri/1 or to affirm t ,god's body is man's body ?\gh x 0 human1 yet he w\ld all[1 if comm&$1 our ,"l's consub/antiality ) u4 ,^u ?is ,flavian obs]v$ t ! ,c\ncil 0 introduc+ no innovation1 b decl>+ ! fai? ( ! ,fa!rs4 ,to 8 o!r position1 h[ev]1 t our ,"l _h b "o nature aft] ! ,inc>nation1 he adh]$3 :5 ! ,ca?olic doctr9e 0 put be=e him1 he answ]$1 ,let ,/4 ,a?anasius be read2 y w f9d no?+ ( ! k9d 9 him4 ,8 condemnation foll[$3 x 0 sign$ by tw5ty-two ,bi%ops & tw5ty-?ree ,abbots2#bih3a among ! =m] 7 ,flavian ( ,con/ant9ople1 ,basil metropolitan ( ,seleucia 9 ,isauria1 ! metropolitans ( ,amasea 9 ,pontus1 & ,m>cianopolis 9 ,moesia1 & ! ,bi%op ( ,cos1 ! ,pope's m9i/] at ,con/ant9ople4 #c4 ,euty*es appeal$ to ! ,pope ( ! day1 ,/4 ,leo1 :o at fir/ he>+ took 8 "p4 ,he wrote to ,flavian t1 judg+ by ! /atem5t ( ,euty*es1 he did n see ) :at ju/ice he _h be5 sep>at$ f ! communion ( ! ,*ur*4 ,s5d !re=e1 he cont9u$1 "s suitable p]son to give u a full acc\nt ( :at has occurr$1 & let u "k :at ! new error is4 ,/4 ,flavian1 :o _h behav$ ) great =be>ance ?r\gh\t ! proce$+s1 _h n mu* difficulty 9 sett+ ! controv]sy be=e ! ,pope 9 its true light4 ,euty*es 0 support$ by ! ,imp]ial ,c\rt1 & by ,dioscorus ! ,patri>* ( ,alex&ria2 ! proce$+s !re=e at ,con/ant9ople 7 n all[$ to settle ! "q4 ,a g5]al ,c\ncil 0 summon$ = ! ensu+ summ] at ,ephesus1 :]e ! ?ird ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil _h be5 held tw5ty ye>s be=e aga9/ ,ne/orius4 ,x 0 att5d$ by sixty metropolitans1 t5 f ea* ( ! great divisions ( ! ,ea/2 ! :ole numb] ( bi%ops assembl$ am\nt$ to "o hundr$ & ?irty-five4#bii3a ,dioscorus 0 appo9t$ ,presid5t by ! ,emp]or1 & ! object ( ! assembly 0 said to be ! settlem5t ( a "q ( fai? :i* _h aris5 betwe5 ,flavian & ,euty*es4 ,/4 ,leo1 dissatisfi$ ) ! measure altoge!r1 nev]!less s5t 8 legates1 b ) ! object1 z _! commission /at$1 & a lett] he address$ to ! ,c\ncil1 ( condemn+ ! h]esy1 & re9/at+ ,euty*es if he retract$4 ,8 legates took prec$5ce aft] ,dioscorus & be=e ! o!r ,patri>*s4 ,he also publi%$ at ?is "t 8 celebrat$ ,tome on ! ,inc>nation1 9 a lett] address$ to ,flavian4 ,! proce$+s :i* foll[$ 7 ( s viol5t a "*1 t ! ,c\ncil has gone d[n to po/]ity "u ! "n ( ! ,latroc9ium or ,gang ( ,robb]s4 ,euty*es 0 hon\rably acquitt$1 & 8 doctr9e receiv$2 b ! assembl$ ,fa!rs %[$ "s backw>dness to depose ,/4 ,flavian4 ,dioscorus _h be5 att5d$ by a multitude ( monks1 furi\s zealots = ! ,monophysite doctr9e f ,syria & ,egypt1 & by an arm$ =ce4 ,^! broke into ! ,*ur* at 8 call2 ,flavian 0 ?r[n d[n & trampl$ on1 & receiv$ injuries ( :i* he di$ ! ?ird day aft]4 ,! ,pope's legates escap$ z !y c\ld2 & ! ,bi%ops 7 compell$ to sign a blank pap]1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds fill$ up ) ! condemnation ( ,flavian4 ,^! outrages1 h[ev]1 7 subsequ5t to ! ,synodical acceptance ( ! ,cre$ ( ,euty*es1 :i* seems to h be5 ! spontane\s act ( ! assembl$ ,fa!rs4 ,! proce$+s end$ by ,dioscorus excommunicat+ ! ,pope1 & ! ,emp]or issu+ an edict 9 approval ( ! decision ( ! ,c\ncil4 #d4 ,be=e cont9u+ ! n>rative1 let u pause a:ile to consid] :at x has already br\ght be=e u4 ,an ag$ & blameless man1 ! fri5d ( a ,sa9t1 & him ! great *ampion ( ! fai? aga9/ ! h]esy ( 8 day1 is f\nd 9 ! belief & ma9t5ance ( a doctr9e1 :i* he decl>es to be ! v doctr9e :i* t ,sa9t taught 9 opposition to t h]esy4 ,to prove x1 he & 8 fri5ds ref] to ! v words ( ,/4 ,cyril2 ,eu/a?ius ( ,b]ytus quot+ f him at ,ephesus z foll[s3 ,we mu/ n !n conceive two natures1 b "o nature ( ! ,^w inc>nate4#cjj3a ,moreov]1 x seems t ,/4 ,cyril _h be5 call$ to acc\nt = ?is v phrase1 & _h appeal$ m ?an once to a passage1 :i* is extant z he quot$ x1 9 a "w by ,/4 ,a?anasius4#cja3a ,:e!r ! passage 9 "q is g5u9e is v d\btful1 b t is n to ! purpose2 = ! phrase :i* x conta9s is also attribut$ by ,/4 ,cyril to o!r ,fa!rs1 & 0 admitt$ by ,ca?olics g5]ally1 z by ,/4 ,flavian1 :o depos$ ,euty*es1 nay 0 indirectly adopt$ by ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on itself4 #e4 ,b ,euty*es did n m]ely insi/ ^u a phrase2 he appeal$ = 8 doctr9e to ! ,fa!rs g5]ally2 ,i h read ! bless$ ,cyril1 & ! holy ,fa!rs1 & ! holy ,a?anasius1 he says at ,con/ant9ople1 t !y said1 ',( two natures be=e ! union1' b t 'aft] ! union' !y said 'b "o4'#cja3b ,9 8 lett] to ,/4 ,leo1 he appeals 9 p>ticul> to ,pope ,julius1 ,pope ,felix1 ,/4 ,gregory ,?aumaturgus1 ,/4 ,gregory ,nazianz51 ,/4 ,basil1 ,atticus1 & ,/4 ,proclus4 ,he did n appeal to !m unres]v$ly c]ta9ly1 z %all be pres5tly notic$2 he all[$ t !y might err1 & p]haps _h err$1 9 _! expressions3 b x is pla91 ev5 f :at has be5 said1 t !re c\ld be no cons5sus aga9/ him1 z ! ^w is n[ commonly und]/ood4 ,x is also und5iable t1 ?\gh ! ^w nature is appli$ to our ,"l's manhood by ,/4 ,ambrose1 ,/4 ,gregory ,nazianz5 & o!rs1 yet on ! :ole x is = :atev] reason avoid$ by ! previ\s ,fa!rs2 c]ta9ly by ,/4 ,a?anasius1 :o uses ! words manhood1 fle%1 ! man1 economy1 :]e a lat] writ] w\ld h us$ nature3 & ! same is true ( ,/4 ,hil>y4#cja3c ,9 l mann]1 ! ,a?anasian ,cre$1 writt51 z x is suppos$1 "s tw5ty ye>s be=e ! date ( ,euty*es1 does n conta9 ! ^w nature4 ,mu* might be said on ! plausibility ( ! def5ce1 :i* ,euty*es might h made = 8 doctr9e f ! hi/ory & docum5ts ( ! ,*ur* be=e 8 "t4 #f4 ,fur!r1 ,euty*es pr(ess$ to subscribe he>tily ! decrees ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,nica & ,ephesus1 & 8 fri5ds appeal$ to ! latt] ( ^! ,c\ncils & to previ\s ,fa!rs1 9 pro( t no?+ c\ld be add$ to ! ,cre$ ( ! ,*ur*4 ,i1 he says to ,/4 ,leo1 ev5 f my eld]s h s und]/ood1 & f my *ildhood h s be5 in/ruct$1 z ! holy & ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil at ,nica ( ! ?ree hundr$ & eighte5 mo/ bless$ ,bi%ops settl$ ! fai?1 & :i* ! holy ,c\ncil held at ,ephesus ma9ta9$ & def9$ anew z ! only fai?2 & ,i h nev] und]/ood o!rwise ?an z ! "r or only true or?odox fai? ha? enjo9$4 ,he says at ! ,latroc9ium1 ,:5 ,i decl>$ t my fai? 0 con=mable to ! decision ( ,nica1 confirm$ at ,ephesus1 !y dem&$ t ,i %\ld add "s words to x2 & ,i1 fe>+ to act contr>y to ! decrees ( ! ,fir/ ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus & ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,nica1 desir$ t y\r holy ,c\ncil might be made acqua9t$ ) x1 s9ce ,i 0 ready to submit to :atev] y %\ld approve4#cjb3a ,dioscorus /ates ! matt] m /rongly3 ,we h he>d1 he says1 :at ?is ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus decre$1 t if any "o affirm or op9e any?+1 or raise any "q1 beyond ! ,cre$ a=esaid ( ,nica1 he is to be condemn$4#cjb3b ,x is rem>kable t ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus1 :i* laid d[n ?is rule1 _h itself sanction$ ! ,!otocos1 an addition1 great] p]haps ?an any be=e or s9ce1 to ! lett] ( ! primitive fai?4 #g4 ,fur!r1 ,euty*es appeal$ to ,scripture1 & d5i$ t a human nature 0 !re giv5 to our ,"l2 & ?is appeal oblig$ him 9 consequ5ce to refuse an unconditional ass5t to ! ,c\ncils & ,fa!rs1 ?\gh he s confid5tly spoke ab\t !m at o!r times4 ,x 0 urg$ aga9/ him t ! ,nic5e ,c\ncil itself _h introduc$ into ! ,cre$ extra-scriptural t]ms4 ',i h nev] f\nd 9 ,scripture1' he said1 accord+ to "o ( ! ,prie/s :o 7 s5t to him1 't !re are two natures4' ,i repli$1 ',nei!r is ! ,consub/antiality1' 7! ,homosion ( ,nica17 'to be f\nd 9 ! ,scriptures1 b 9 ! ,holy ,fa!rs :o well und]/ood !m & fai?fully exp\nd$ !m4'#cjc3a ,accord+ly1 on ano!r occasion1 a report 0 made ( him1 t he pr(ess$ himself ready to ass5t to ! ,exposition ( ,fai? made by ! ,holy ,fa!rs ( ! ,nic5e & ,ephes9e ,c\ncils & he engag$ to subscribe _! int]pretations4 ,h[ev]1 if !re 7 any accid5tal fault or error 9 any expressions :i* !y made1 ?is he w\ld nei!r blame nor accept2 b only se>* ! ,scriptures1 z be+ sur] ?an ! expositions ( ! ,fa!rs2 t s9ce ! "t ( ! ,inc>nation ( ,god ! ,^w 4 4 he wor%ipp$ "o ,nature 4 4 4 t ! doctr9e t our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ came ( ,two ,natures p]sonally unit$1 ?is x 0 t he _h le>n$ f ! expositions ( ! ,holy ,fa!rs2 nor did he accept1 if ought 0 read to him f any au?or to ano!r effect1 because ! ,holy ,scriptures1 z he said1 7 bett] ?an ! tea*+ ( ! ,fa!rs4#cjd3a ,?is appeal to ! ,scriptures w rem9d u ( :at has lately be5 said ( ! s*ool ( ,!odore 9 ! hi/ory ( ,ne/orianism1 & ( ! *all5ge ( ! ,arians to ,/4 ,avitus be=e ! ,go?ic ,k+4#cjd3b ,x _h also be5 ! *>act]i/ic ( h]esy 9 ! antec$5t p]iod4 ,/4 ,hil>y br+s toge!r a numb] ( in/ances 9 po9t1 f ! hi/ory ( ,m>cellus1 ,phot9us1 ,sabellius1 ,montanus1 & ,manes2 !n he adds1 ,!y all speak ,scripture )\t ! s5se ( ,scripture1 & pr(ess a fai? )\t fai?4#cjd3c #h4 ,once m2 ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,latroc9ium1 h[ev]1 tyranniz$ ov] by ,dioscorus 9 ! matt] ( ,/4 ,flavian1 c]ta9ly did acquit ,euty*es & accept 8 doctr9e canonically1 &1 z x w\ld appe>1 cordially2 ?\gh _! *ange at ,*alc$on1 & ! subsequ5t v>iations ( ! ,ea/1 make x a matt] ( little mom5t h[ !y decid$4 ,! ,acts ( ,con/ant9ople 7 read to ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,latroc9ium2 :5 !y came to ! "p :]e ,eusebius ( ,dorylum1 ! accus] ( ,euty*es1 ask$ him1 :e!r he confess$ ,two ,natures aft] ! ,inc>nation1 & ! ,consub/antiality accord+ to ! fle%1 ! ,fa!rs broke 9 ^u ! read+3--,away ) ,eusebius2 burn him2 burn him alive2 cut him 9 two2 z he divid$1 s let him be divid$4#cje3a ,! ,c\ncil seems to h be5 unanim\s1 ) ! exception ( ! ,pope's ,legates1 9 ! re/oration ( ,euty*es2 a m complete decision c h>dly be imag9$4 ,x is true ! :ole numb] ( signatures n[ extant1 "o hundr$ & eight1 may seem small out ( a ?\s&1 ! numb] ( ,sees 9 ! ,ea/2 b ! att5dance ( ,c\ncils always bore a repres5tative "*4 ,! :ole numb] ( ,ea/ & ,we/ 0 ab\t eighte5 hundr$1 yet ! second ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil 0 att5d$ by only "o hundr$ & fifty1 :i* is b a twelf? "p ( ! :ole numb]2 ! ,?ird ,c\ncil by ab\t two hundr$1 or a n9?2 ! ,c\ncil ( ,nica itself numb]$ only ?ree hundr$ & eighte5 ,bi%ops4 ,moreov]1 :5 we look ?r\gh ! names subscrib$ to ! ,synodal decision1 we f9d t ! misbelief1 or misappreh5sion1 or weakness1 to :i* ?is great (f5ce mu/ be attribut$1 0 no local ph5om5on1 b ! unanim\s s9 ( ,bi%ops 9 e patri>*ate & ( e s*ool ( ! ,ea/4 ,?ree out ( ! f\r patri>*s 7 9 fav\r ( ! h]esi>*1 ! f\r? be+ on 8 trial4 ,( ^! ,domnus ( ,antio* & ,juv5al ( ,j]usalem acquitt$ him1 on ! gr\nd ( 8 confess+ ! fai? ( ,nica & ,ephesus3 & ,domnus 0 a man ( ! faire/ & pure/ "*1 & orig9ally a disciple ( ,/4 ,eu!mius1 h[ev] inconsi/5t on ?is occasion1 & ill-advis$ 9 =m] /eps ( 8 c>e]4 ,dioscorus1 viol5t & bad man z he %[$ himself1 _h be5 ,ar*deacon to ,/4 ,cyril1 :om he att5d$ at ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus2 & 0 on ?is occasion support$ by ^? ,*ur*es :i* _h s nobly /ood by _! patri>* ,a?anasius 9 ! great ,arian conflict4 ,^! ?ree ,patri>*s 7 support$ by ! ,ex>*s ( ,ephesus & ,cs>ea 9 ,cappadocia2 & bo? ( ^! z well z ,domnus & ,juv5al1 7 support$ 9 turn by _! subord9ate ,metropolitans4 ,ev5 ! ,sees "u ! influ5ce ( ,con/ant9ople1 :i* 0 ! rema9+ six? division ( ! ,ea/1 took "p ) ,euty*es4 ,we f9d among ! signatures to 8 acquittal ! ,bi%ops ( ,dyrra*ium1 ( ,h]aclea 9 ,mac$onia1 ( ,mess5e 9 ! ,peloponese1 ( ,seba/e 9 ,arm5ia1 ( ,t>sus1 ( ,damascus1 ( ,b]ytus1 ( ,bo/ra 9 ,arabia1 ( ,amida 9 ,mesopotamia1 ( ,him]ia 9 ,osrho5e1 ( ,babylon1 ( ,ars9oe 9 ,egypt1 & ( ,cyr5e4 ,! ,bi%ops ( ,pale/9e1 ( ,mac$onia1 & ( ,a*aia1 :]e ! ke5 eye ( ,/4 ,a?anasius _h detect$ ! doctr9e 9 its g]m1 :ile ,apoll9>ianism 0 b gr[+ into =m1 7 8 actual p>tisans4 ,ano!r ,b>sumas1 a ,syrian ,abbot1 ignorant ( ,greek1 att5d$ ! ,latroc9ium1 z ! repres5tative ( ! monks ( 8 nation1 :om he =m$ into a =ce1 mat]ial or moral1 ( a ?\s& /rong1 & :om at t infam\s assembly he *e]$ on to ! murd] ( ,/4 ,flavian4 #i4 ,su* 0 ! /ate ( ,ea/]n ,*ri/5dom 9 ! ye> #ddi2 a h]esy1 appeal+ to ! ,fa!rs1 to ! ,cre$1 &1 above all1 to ,scripture1 0 by a g5]al ,c\ncil1 pr(ess+ to be ,ecum5ical1 receiv$ z true 9 ! p]son ( its promulgator4 ,if ! ,ea/ c\ld det]m9e a matt] ( fai? indep5d5tly ( ! ,we/1 c]ta9ly ! ,monophysite h]esy 0 e/abli%$ z ,apo/olic tru? 9 all its prov9ces f ,mac$onia to ,egypt4 ,!re has be5 a "t 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 :5 x _h be5 ,a?anasius aga9/ ! _w1 & ! _w aga9/ ,a?anasius4 ,! ne$ & /raitness ( ! ,*ur* _h be5 great1 & "o man 0 rais$ up = h] deliv]ance4 ,9 ?is second necessity1 :o 0 ! de/9$ *ampion ( h] :o _c fail8 ,:5ce did he come1 & :at 0 8 "n8 ,he came ) an augury ( victory ^u him1 :i* ev5 ,a?anasius c\ld n %[2 x 0 ,leo1 ,bi%op ( ,rome4 #aj4 ,leo's augury ( success1 :i* ev5 ,a?anasius _h n1 0 ?is1 t he 0 seat$ 9 ! *air ( ,/4 ,pet] & ! heir ( 8 pr]ogatives4 ,9 ! v beg9n+ ( ! controv]sy1 ,/4 ,pet] ,*rysologus _h urg$ ?is grave consid]ation ^u ,euty*es himself1 9 words :i* h already be5 cit$3 ,i exhort y1 my v5]able bro!r1 he _h said1 to submit y\rself 9 ev]y?+ to :at has be5 writt5 by ! bless$ ,pope ( ,rome2 = ,/4 ,pet]1 :o lives & presides 9 8 own ,see1 gives ! true fai? to ^? :o seek x4#cjg3a ,?is voice _h come f ,rav5na1 & n[ aft] ! ,latroc9ium x 0 e*o$ back f ! dep?s ( ,syria by ! le>n$ ,!odoret4 ,t all-holy ,see1 he says 9 a lett] to "o ( ! ,pope's ,legates1 has ! (fice ( head+ 7hgemonian7 ! :ole _w's ,*ur*es = _m reasons2 & above all o!rs1 because x has rema9$ free ( ! communion ( h]etical ta9t1 & no "o ( het]odox s5tim5ts ha? sat 9 x1 b x ha? pres]v$ ! ,apo/olic grace unsulli$4#cjg3b ,& a ?ird te/imony 9 enc\ragem5t ( ! fai?ful at ! same d>k mom5t issu$ f ! ,imp]ial c\rt ( ! ,we/4 ,we are b\nd1 says ,val5t9ian to ! ,emp]or ( ! ,ea/1 to pres]ve inviolate 9 our times ! pr]ogative ( p>ticul> rev]5ce to ! bless$ ,apo/le ,pet]2 t ! mo/ bless$ ,bi%op ( ,rome1 to :om ,antiquity assign$ ! prie/hood ov] all 7kata pantn7 may h place & opportunity ( judg+ conc]n+ ! fai? & ! prie/s4#cjg3c ,nor _h ,leo himself be5 want+ at ! same "t 9 ! confid5ce he _h obta9$ f ! mo/ bless$ ,pet] & head ( ! ,apo/les1 t he _h au?ority to def5d ! tru? = ! peace ( ! ,*ur*4#cjh3a ,?us ,leo introduces u to ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on1 by :i* he rescu$ ! ,ea/ f a grave h]esy4 #aa4 ,! ,c\ncil met on ! #h? ( ,octob]1 #dea1 & 0 att5d$ by ! l>ge/ numb] ( ,bi%ops ( any ,c\ncil be=e or s9ce2 "s say by z _m z six hundr$ & ?irty4 ,( ^!1 only f\r came f ! ,we/1 two ,roman ,legates & two ,africans4#cjh3b ,its proce$+s 7 op5$ by ! ,pope's ,legates1 :o said t !y _h x 9 *>ge f ! ,bi%op ( ,rome1 :i* is ! head ( all ! ,*ur*es1 to dem& t ,dioscorus %\ld n sit1 on ! gr\nd t he _h presum$ to hold a ,c\ncil )\t ! au?ority ( ! ,apo/olic ,see1 :i* _h nev] be5 done nor 0 lawful to d4#cjh3c ,?is 0 imm$iately all[$ !m4 ,! next act ( ! ,c\ncil 0 to give admission to ,!odoret1 :o _h be5 depos$ at ! ,latroc9ium4 ,! ,imp]ial (fic]s pres5t urg$ 8 admission1 on ! gr\nd t ! mo/ holy ,ar*bi%op ,leo ha? re/or$ him to ! ,episcopal (fice1 & ! mo/ pi\s ,emp]or ha? ord]$ t he %\ld assi/ at ! holy ,c\ncil4#cjh3d ,pres5tly1 a *>ge 0 br\ght =w>d aga9/ ,dioscorus1 t1 ?\gh ! ,legates _h pres5t$ a lett] f ! ,pope to ! ,c\ncil1 x _h n be5 read4 ,dioscorus admitt$ n only ! fact1 b its relevancy2 b alleg$ 9 excuse t he _h twice ord]$ x to be read 9 va94 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! read+ ( ! ,acts ( ! ,latroc9ium & ,con/ant9ople1 a numb] ( ,bi%ops mov$ f ! side ( ,dioscorus & plac$ !mselves ) ! opposite p>ty4 ,:5 ,pet]1 ,bi%op ( ,cor9?1 cross$ ov]1 ! ,ori5tals :om he jo9$ %\t$1 ,pet] ?9ks z does ,pet]2 or?odox ,bi%op1 welcome4 #ab4 ,9 ! second ,session x 0 ! duty ( ! ,fa!rs to draw up a confession ( fai? condemnatory ( ! h]esy4 ,a committee 0 =m$ = ! purpose1 & ! ,cre$ ( ,nica & ,con/ant9ople 0 read2 !n "s ( ! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,cyril2 la/ly1 ,/4 ,leo's ,tome1 :i* _h be5 pass$ ov] 9 sil5ce at ! ,latroc9ium4 ,"s discussion foll[$ ^u ! la/ ( ^! docum5ts1 b at l5g? ! ,bi%ops cri$ out1 ,?is is ! fai? ( ! ,fa!rs2 ?is is ! fai? ( ! ,apo/les3 we all believe ?us2 ! or?odox believe ?us2 ana!ma to him :o does n believe ?us4 ,pet] has ?us spok5 ?r\gh ,leo2 ! ,apo/les taught ?us4 ,read+s f ! o!r ,fa!rs foll[$2 & !n "s days 7 all[$ = private discussion1 be=e draw+ up ! confession ( fai? :i* 0 to set "r ! het]odoxy ( ! ,latroc9ium4 ,dur+ ! int]val1 ,dioscorus 0 tri$ & condemn$2 s5t5ce 0 pron\nc$ aga9/ him by ! ,pope's ,legates1 & ran ?us3 ,! mo/ holy ,ar*bi%op ( ,rome1 ,leo1 ?r\gh u & ?is pres5t ,c\ncil1 ) ! ,apo/le ,/4 ,pet]1 :o is ! rock & f\ndation ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* & ( ! or?odox fai?1 deprives him ( ! ,episcopal dignity & e sac]dotal m9i/ry4 ,9 ! f\r? ,session ! "q ( ! def9ition ( fai? came on aga91 b ! ,c\ncil got no fur!r ?an ?is1 t x receiv$ ! def9itions ( ! ?ree previ\s ,ecum5ical ,c\ncils2 x w\ld n add to !m :at ,leo requir$4 ,"o hundr$ & sixty ,bi%ops h[ev] subscrib$ 8 ,tome4 #ac4 ,9 ! fif? ,session ! "q came on once m2 "s sort ( def9ition ( fai? 0 ! result ( ! lab\rs ( ! committee1 & 0 accept$ by ! great majority ( ! ,c\ncil4 ,! ,bi%ops cri$ out1 ,we are all satisfi$ ) ! def9ition2 x is ! fai? ( ! ,fa!rs3 ana!ma to him :o ?9ks o!rwise3 drive out ! ,ne/orians4 ,:5 objectors appe>$1 ,anatolius1 ! new ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople1 ask$ ,did n e "o ye/]day cons5t to ! def9ition ( fai?8 on :i* ! ,bi%ops answ]$1 ,e "o cons5t$2 we d n believe o!rwise2 x is ! ,fai? ( ! ,fa!rs2 let x be set d[n t ,holy ,m>y is ! ,"m ( ,god3 let ?is be add$ to ! ,cre$2 put out ! ,ne/orians4#caj3a ,! objectors 7 ! ,pope's ,legates1 support$ by a c]ta9 numb] ( ,ori5tals3 ^? cle>-sight$1 firm-m9d$ ,lat9s und]/ood full well :at & :at alone 0 ! true expression ( or?odox doctr9e "u ! em]g5cy ( ! exi/+ h]esy4 ,!y _h be5 in/ruct$ to induce ! ,c\ncil to pass a decl>ation to ! effect1 t ,*ri/ 0 n only (1 b 9 two natures4 ,h[ev]1 !y did n ent] ^u disputation on ! po9t1 b !y us$ a m intelligible argum5t3 ,if ! ,fa!rs did n cons5t to ! lett] ( ! bless$ ,bi%op ,leo1 !y w\ld leave ! ,c\ncil & g home4 ,! ,imp]ial (fic]s took ! "p ( ! ,legates4 ,! ,c\ncil h[ev] p]si/$3 ,e "o approv$ ! def9ition2 let x be subscrib$3 he :o refuses to subscribe x is a h]etic4 ,!y ev5 proce$$ to ref] x to ,div9e inspiration4 ,! (fic]s ask$ if !y receiv$ ,/4 ,leo's ,tome2 !y answ]$ t !y _h subscrib$ x1 b t !y w\ld n introduce its cont5ts into _! def9ition ( fai?4 ,we are = no o!r def9ition1 !y said2 no?+ is want+ 9 ?is4 #ad4 ,not)/&+1 ! ,pope's ,legates ga9$ _! po9t ?r\gh ! support ( ! ,emp]or ,m>cian1 :o _h succe$$ ,!odosius4 ,a fre% committee 0 obta9$ "u ! ?reat t1 if !y resi/$1 ! ,c\ncil %\ld be transf]r$ to ! ,we/4 ,"s voices 7 rais$ aga9/ ?is measure2 ! cries 7 repeat$ aga9/ ! ,roman p>ty1 ,!y are ,ne/orians2 let !m g to ,rome4 ,! ,imp]ial (fic]s remon/rat$1 ,dioscorus said1 ',( two natures2' ,leo says1 ',two natures3' :i* w y foll[1 ,leo or ,dioscorus8 ,on _! answ]+ ,leo1 !y cont9u$1 ,well !n1 add to ! def9ition1 accord+ to ! judgm5t ( our mo/ holy ,leo4 ,no?+ m 0 to be said4 ,! committee imm$iately proce$$ to _! "w1 & 9 a %ort "t return$ to ! assembly ) su* a def9ition z ! ,pope requir$4 ,aft] recit+ ! ,cre$ ( ,nica & ,con/ant9ople1 x obs]ves1 ,?is ,cre$ 7 suffici5t = ! p]fect k ( religion1 b ! enemies ( ! tru? h inv5t$ novel expressions2 & !re=e x proce$s to /ate ! fai? m explicitly4 ,:5 ?is 0 read ?r\gh1 ! ,bi%ops all exclaim$1 ,?is is ! fai? ( ! ,fa!rs2 we all foll[ x4 ,& ?us end$ ! controv]sy once = all4 ,! ,c\ncil1 aft] its t]m9ation1 address$ a lett] to ,/4 ,leo2 9 x ! ,fa!rs ackn[l$ge him z con/itut$ int]pret] ( ! voice ( ,bless$ ,pet]1#caa3a 7) an allusion to ,/4 ,pet]'s ,confession 9 ,mat!w xvi417 & speak ( him z ! v "o commission$ ) ! gu>dian%ip ( ! ,v9e by ! ,savi\r4 #ae4 ,su* is ! ext]nal aspect ( ^? proce$+s by :i* ! ,ca?olic fai? has be5 e/abli%$ 9 ,*ri/5dom aga9/ ! ,monophysites4 ,t ! def9ition pass$ at ,*alc$on is ! ,apo/olic ,tru? once deliv]$ to ! ,sa9ts is mo/ firmly to be receiv$1 f fai? 9 t ov]rul+ ,provid5ce :i* is by special promise ext5d$ ov] ! acts ( ! ,*ur*2 moreov]1 t x is 9 simple accordance ) ! fai? ( ,/4 ,a?anasius1 ,/4 ,gregory ,nazianz51 & all ! o!r ,fa!rs1 w be evid5t to ! !ological /ud5t 9 proportion z he becomes famili> ) _! works3 b ! hi/orical acc\nt ( ! ,c\ncil is ?is1 t a =mula :i* ! ,cre$ did n conta91 :i* ! ,fa!rs did n unanim\sly witness1 & :i* "s em95t ,sa9ts _h almo/ 9 set t]ms oppos$1 :i* ! :ole ,ea/ refus$ z a symbol1 n once1 b twice1 patri>* by patri>*1 metropolitan by metropolitan1 fir/ by ! m\? ( above a hundr$1 !n by ! m\? ( above six hundr$ ( its ,bi%ops1 & refus$ ^u ! gr\nds ( its be+ an addition to ! ,cre$1 0 =c$ ^u ! ,c\ncil1 n inde$ z be+ su* an addition1 yet1 on ! o!r h&1 n = subscription m]ely1 b = acceptance z a def9ition ( fai? "u ! sanction ( an ana!ma1--=c$ on ! ,c\ncil by ! resolution ( ! ,pope ( ! day1 act+ ?r\gh 8 ,legates & support$ by ! civil p[]4#cab3a #af4 ,x _c be suppos$ t su* a transaction w\ld approve itself to ! ,*ur*es ( ,egypt1 & ! ev5t %[$ x3 !y dis[n$ ! au?ority ( ! ,c\ncil1 & call$ its adh]5ts ,*alc$onians1#cac3a & ,synodites4#cac3b ,= "h 0 ! ,we/ tyranniz+ ov] ! ,ea/1 =c+ x into agreem5t ) itself1 resolv$ to h "o & "o only =m ( words1 reject+ ! def9ition ( fai? :i* ! ,ea/ _h drawn up 9 ,c\ncil1 bidd+ x & mak+ x frame ano!r1 deal+ p]emptorily & /]nly ) ! assembl$ ,bi%ops1 & ca/+ contempt on ! mo/ sacr$ traditions ( ,egypt6 ,:at 0 ,euty*es to !m8 ,he might be guilty or innoc5t2 !y gave him up3 ,dioscorus _h giv5 him up at ,*alc$on2#cac3c !y did n agree ) him3#cac3d he 0 an extreme man2 !y w\ld n call !mselves by human titles2 !y 7 n ,euty*ians2 ,euty*es 0 n _! ma/]1 b ,a?anasius & ,cyril 7 _! doctors4#cac3e ,! two great lights ( _! ,*ur*1 ! two greate/ & mo/ successful polemical ,fa!rs t ,*ri/ianity _h se51 _h bo? pron\nc$ ,"o ,nature ,inc>nate1 ?\gh all[+ ,two be=e ! ,inc>nation2 & ?\gh ,leo & 8 ,c\ncil _h n gone s f> z to d5y ?is phrase1 !y _h proce$$ to say :at 0 ! contr>y to x1 to expla9 away1 to ov]lay ! tru?1 by def9+ t ! ,inc>nate ,savi\r 0 9 ,two ,natures4 ,at ,ephesus x _h be5 decl>$ t ! ,cre$ %\ld n be t\*$2 ! ,*alc$onian ,fa!rs _h1 n lit]ally1 b virtually add$ to x3 by subscrib+ ,leo's ,tome1 & promulgat+ _! def9ition ( fai?1 !y _h add$ :at might be call$1 ,! ,cre$ ( ,pope ,leo4 #ag4 ,x is rem>kable1 z has be5 j /at$1 t ,dioscorus1 wick$ man z he 0 9 act1 0 ( ! mod]ate or middle s*ool 9 doctr9e1 z ! viol5t & able ,sev]us aft] him2 & f ! fir/ ! great body ( ! prote/+ p>ty dis[n$ ,euty*es1 ^: =m ( ! h]esy took refuge 9 ,arm5ia1 :]e x rema9s to ?is day4 ,! ,arm5ians alone 7 pure ,euty*ians1 & s zeal\sly su* t !y innovat$ on ! anci5t & recogniz$ cu/om ( mix+ wat] ) ! w9e 9 ! ,holy ,eu*>i/1 & consecrat$ ! w9e by itself 9 tok5 ( ! "o nature1 z !y consid]$1 ( ! ,*ri/4 ,else:]e bo? "n & doctr9e ( ,euty*es 7 abjur$2 ! h]etical bodies 9 ,egypt & ,syria took a title f _! special t5et1 & =m$ ! ,monophysite communion4 ,_! !ology 0 at once simple & speci\s4 ,!y bas$ x ^u ! illu/ration :i* is famili> to u 9 ! ,a?anasian ,cre$1 & :i* _h be5 us$ by ,/4 ,gregory ,nazianz51 ,/4 ,cyril1 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ,v9c5t ( ,l]9s1 n to say ,/4 ,leo himself4 ,!y argu$ t z body & s\l made up "o man1 s ,god & man made up b "o1 ?\gh "o comp\nd ,nature1 9 ,*ri/4 ,x might h be5 *>itably hop$ t _! diff]5ce f ! ,ca?olics _h be5 a simple matt] ( words1 z x is all[$ by ,vigilius ( ,?apsus really to h be5 9 _m cases2 b _! refusal to obey ! voice ( ! ,*ur* 0 a tok5 ( real error 9 _! fai?1 & _! implicit het]odoxy is prov$ by _! connexion1 9 spite ( !mselves1 ) ! extreme or ultra p>ty :om !y s vehem5tly dis[n$4 ,x is v obs]vable t1 +5i\s z is _! !ory & sometimes p]plex+ to a disputant1 ! ,monophysites nev] c\ld %ake !mselves free ( ! ,euty*ians2 & ?\gh !y c\ld draw intelligible l9es on pap] betwe5 ! two doctr9es1 yet 9 fact by a hidd5 fatality _! p>tisans 7 ev] runn+ into or =m+ alliance ) ! ana!matiz$ extreme4 ,?us ,pet] ! ,full] ! ,!opas*ite 7,euty*ian71 is at "o "t 9 alliance ) ,pet] ! ,/amm]]1 :o advocat$ ! ,h5oticon 7:i* 0 ,monophysite74 ,! ,acephali1 ?\gh sep>at+ f ! latt] ,pet] = t advocacy1 & accus$ by ,leontius ( be+ ,gaianites#cae3a 7,euty*ians71 are consid]$ by ,facundus z ,monophysites4#cae3b ,timo?y ! ,cat1 :o is said to h agre$ ) ,dioscorus & ,pet] ! ,/amm]]1 :o sign$ ! ,h5oticon1 t is1 ) two ,monophysite ,patri>*s1 is said nev]!less1 accord+ to ,ana/asius1 to h ma9ta9$ ! extreme t5et1 t ! ,div9ity is ! sole nature ( ,*ri/4#cae3c ,sev]us1 accord+ to ,ana/asius1#cae3c symboliz$ ) ! ,phantasia/s 7,euty*ians71 yet he is m truly1 accord+ to ,leontius1 ! *ief doctor & lead] ( ! ,monophysites4 ,& at "o "t !re 0 an union1 ?\gh tempor>y1 betwe5 ! ,!odosians 7,monophysites7 & ! ,gaianites4 #ah4 ,su* a division ( an h]etical p>ty1 into ! ma9ta9]s1 ( an extreme & a mod]ate view1 p]spicu\s & plausible on pap]1 yet 9 fact unreal1 impracticable1 & hopeless1 0 no new ph5om5on 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*4 ,z ,euty*es put =w>d an extravagant t5et1 :i* 0 fir/ correct$ into ! ,monophysite1 & !n relaps$ hopelessly into ! doctr9e ( ! ,phantasia/s & ! ,!opas*ites1 s _h ,arius be5 sup]s$$ by ! ,eusebians & _h reviv$ 9 ,eunomius2 & z ! mod]ate ,eusebians _h =m$ ! great body ( ! diss5ti5ts f ! ,nic5e ,c\ncil1 s did ! ,monophysites include ! mass ( ^? :o prote/$ aga9/ ,*alc$on2 & z ! ,eusebians _h be5 mod]ate 9 cre$1 yet unscrupul\s 9 act1 s 7 ! ,monophysites4 ,& z ! ,eusebians 7 ev] runn+ individually into pure ,arianism1 s did ! ,monophysites run into pure ,euty*ianism4 ,& z ! ,monophysites set !mselves aga9/ ,pope ,leo1 s _h ! ,eusebians1 ) ev5 less provocation1 )/ood & compla9$ ( ,pope ,julius4 ,9 l mann]1 ! ,apoll9>ians _h divid$ into two sects2 "o1 ) ,timo!us1 go+ ! :ole l5g? ( ! inf]5ces :i* ! t5et ( _! ma/] involv$1 & ! m cauti\s or timid p>ty mak+ an un9telligible /& ) ,val5t9us4 ,aga91 9 ! hi/ory ( ,ne/orianism1 ?\gh x admitt$ less opportunity = division ( op9ion1 ! ,see ( ,rome 0 ) ,/4 ,cyril 9 "o extreme1 ,ne/orius 9 ! o!r1 & betwe5 !m ! great ,ea/]n p>ty1 head$ by ,john ( ,antio* & ,!odoret1 n h]etical1 b = a "t dissatisfi$ ) ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus4 #ai4 ,! ,ne/orian h]esy1 ,i h said1 gave less opportunity = doctr9al v>ieties ?an ! h]esy ( ,euty*es4 ,its _s 0 rationaliz+1 & _h ! qualities :i* g ) rationalism4 ,:5 ca/ out ( ! ,roman ,empire1 x address$ itself1 z we h se51 to a new & ri* field ( ex]tion1 got possession ( an ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*1 co-op]at$ ) ! civil gov]nm5t1 adopt$ secul> fa%ions1 &1 by :atev] means1 pu%$ itself out into an ,empire4 ,app>5tly1 ?\gh x requires a v intimate k ( its hi/ory to speak except conjecturally1 x 0 a political p[] r ?an a dogma1 & despis$ ! sci5ce ( !ology4 ,euty*ianism1 on ! o!r h&1 0 my/ical1 sev]e1 en?usia/ic2 ) ! exception ( ,sev]us1 & "o or two m1 x 0 support$ by little polemical skill2 x _h little hold ^u ! intellectual ,greeks ( ,syria & ,asia ,m9or1 b fl\ri%$ 9 ,egypt1 :i* 0 f> beh9d ! ,ea/ 9 civilization1 & among ! native ,syrians4 ,ne/orianism1 l ,arianism#cag3a be=e x1 0 a cold religion1 & m fitt$ = ! s*ools ?an = ! _m2 b ! ,monophysites c>ri$ ! p ) !m4 ,l mod]n ,jans5ism1 & unlike ,ne/orianism1 ! ,monophysites 7 fam\s = _! au/]ities4 ,!y h1 or _h1 five ,l5ts 9 ! ye>1 dur+ :i* laity z well z cl]gy ab/a9 n only f fle% & eggs1 b f w9e1 oil1 & fi%4#cag3b ,mona*ism 0 a *>act]i/ic "p ( _! ecclesia/ical sy/em3 _! ,bi%ops1 & ,maphrian or ,patri>*1 7 always tak5 f ! ,monks1 :o are ev5 said to h worn an iron %irt or brea/plate z a "p ( _! mona/ic habit4#cag3c #bj4 ,sev]us1 ,patri>* ( ,antio* at ! end ( ! fif? c5tury1 has already be5 m5tion$ z an exception to ! g5]al "* ( ! ,monophysites1 &1 by 8 le>n+ & ability1 may be acc\nt$ ! f\nd] ( its !ology4 ,_! cause1 h[ev]1 _h be5 und]tak5 by ! ,emp]ors !mselves be=e him4 ,= ! fir/ ?irty ye>s aft] ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on1 ! prote/+ ,*ur* ( ,egypt _h be5 ! sc5e ( cont9u$ tumult & blood%$4 ,dioscorus _h be5 popul> ) ! p = 8 munific5ce1 9 spite ( ! extreme laxity ( 8 morals1 & = a :ile ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t fail$ 9 obta9+ ! election ( a ,ca?olic successor4 ,at l5g? ,prot]ius1 a man ( fair "*1 & ! ,vic>-g5]al ( ,dioscorus on 8 abs5ce at ,*alc$on1 0 *os51 consecrat$1 & en?ron$2 b ! p rose aga9/ ! civil au?orities1 & ! milit>y1 com+ to _! def5ce1 7 attack$ ) /ones1 & pursu$ into a *ur*1 :]e !y 7 burn$ alive by ! mob4 ,next1 ! popul> lead]s prep>$ to int]cept ! supplies ( gra9 :i* 7 de/9$ = ,con/ant9ople2 &1 a def5sive retaliation tak+ place1 ,alex&ria 0 />v$4 ,!n a =ce ( two ?\s& m5 0 s5t = ! re/oration ( ord]1 :o p]mitt$ !mselves 9 sc&al\s excesses t[>ds ! wom5 ( ,alex&ria4 ,prot]ius's life 0 attempt$1 & he 0 oblig$ to be att5d$ by a gu>d4 ,! ,bi%ops ( ,egypt w\ld n submit to him2 two ( 8 own cl]gy1 :o aft]w>d succe$$ him1 ,timo?y & ,pet]1 sec$$1 & 7 jo9$ by f\r or five ( ! ,bi%ops & by ! mass ( ! population2#cah3a & ! ,ca?olic ,patri>* 0 left )\t a communion 9 ,alex&ria4 ,he held a c\ncil1 & condemn$ ! s*ismatics2 & ! ,emp]or1 second+ 8 ef=ts1 s5t !m out ( ! c\ntry1 & en=c$ ! laws aga9/ ! ,euty*ians4 ,an ext]nal quiet succe$$2 !n ,m>cian di$2 & !n =?) ,timo?y 7! ,cat7 made 8 appe>ance aga91 fir/ 9 ,egypt1 !n 9 ,alex&ria4 ,! p rose 9 8 fav\r1 & c>ri$ 9 triumph _! p]secut$ *ampion to ! great ,cs>ean ,*ur*1 :]e he 0 consecrat$ ,patri>* by two depriv$ ,bi%ops1 :o _h be5 put out ( _! sees1 :e!r by a ,c\ncil ( ,egypt or ( ,pale/9e4#cah3b ,timo?y1 n[ rais$ to ! ,episcopal rank1 began to create a new succession2 he orda9$ ,bi%ops = ! ,*ur*es ( ,egypt1 & drove into exile ^? :o 7 9 possession4 ,! ,imp]ial troops1 :o _h be5 /ation$ 9 ,upp] ,egypt1 return$ to ,alex&ria2 ! mob rose aga91 broke into ! ,*ur*1 :]e ,/4 ,prot]ius 0 9 pray]1 & murd]$ him4 ,a g5]al ejectm5t ( ! ,ca?olic cl]gy ?r\gh\t ,egypt foll[$4 ,on _! betak+ !mselves to ,con/ant9ople to ! new ,emp]or1 ,timo?y & 8 p>ty address$ him also4 ,!y quot$ ! ,fa!rs1 & dem&$ ! abrogation ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on4 ,next !y dem&$ a conf]5ce2 ! ,ca?olics said t :at 0 once done c\ld n be undone2 _! oppon5ts agre$ to ?is & urg$ x1 z _! v argum5t aga9/ ,*alc$on1 t x add$ to ! fai?1 & rev]s$ =m] decisions4#cai3a ,aft] a rule ( ?ree ye>s1 ,timo?y 0 driv5 out & ,ca?olicism re/or$2 b !n 9 turn ! ,monophysites ralli$1 & ?is /ate ( w>f>e & alt]nate success cont9u$ = ?irty ye>s4 #ba4 ,at l5g? ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t1 we>i$ out ) a dispute :i* 0 int]m9able1 came to ! conclusion t ! only way ( re/or+ peace to ! ,*ur* 0 to ab&on ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on4 ,9 ! ye> #dhb 0 publi%$ ! fam\s ,h5oticon or ,pacification ( ,z5o1 9 :i* ! ,emp]or took ^u himself to det]m9e a matt] ( fai?4 ,! ,h5oticon decl>$ t no symbol ( fai? b t ( ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 commonly s call$1 %\ld be receiv$ 9 ! ,*ur*es2 x ana!matiz$ ! opposite h]esies ( ,ne/orius & ,euty*es1 & x 0 sil5t on ! "q ( ! ,"o or ,two ,natures aft] ! ,inc>nation4 ,?is middle measure _h ! v>i\s effects :i* might be anticipat$4 ,x unit$ ! great body ( ! ,ea/]n ,bi%ops1 :o readily relax$ into ! vague pr(ession ( doctr9e f :i* !y _h be5 r\s$ by ! au?ority ( ,/4 ,leo4 ,all ! ,ea/]n ,bi%ops sign$ ?is ,imp]ial =mul>y4 ,b ?is unanimity ( ! ,ea/ 0 pur*as$ by a brea* ) ! ,we/2 = ! ,popes cut (f ! communication betwe5 ,greeks & ,lat9s = ?irty-five ye>s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! m zeal\s ,monophysites1 disgu/$ at _! lead]s = accept+ :at !y consid]$ an unju/ifiable compromise1 split (f f ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*es1 & =m$ a sect by !mselves1 :i* rema9$ )\t ,bi%ops 7acephali7 = ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 :5 at l5g? !y 7 receiv$ back into ! communion ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 #bb4 ,dre>y & wa/e 0 ! condition ( ! ,*ur*1 & =lorn h] prospects1 at ! p]iod :i* we h be5 review+4 ,aft] ! brief triumph :i* att5d$ ! conv]sion ( ,con/ant9e1 tr\ble & trial _h return$ ^u h]4 ,h] imp]ial protectors 7 fail+ 9 p[] or 9 fai?4 ,/range =ms ( evil 7 ris+ 9 ! di/ance & 7 ?rong+ = ! conflict4 ,!re 0 b "o spot 9 ! :ole ( ,*ri/5dom1 "o voice 9 ! :ole ,episcopate1 to :i* ! fai?ful turn$ 9 hope 9 t mis]able day4 ,9 ! ye> #dic1 9 ! ,pontificate ( ,gelasius1 ! :ole ( ! ,ea/ 0 9 ! h&s ( traitors to ,*alc$on1 & ! :ole ( ! ,we/ "u ! tyranny ( ! op5 enemies ( ,nica4 ,italy 0 ! prey ( robb]s2 m]c5>y b&s _h ov]run its t]ritory1 & b>b>ians 7 seiz+ on its f>ms & settl+ 9 its villas4 ,! peasants 7 ?9n$ by fam9e & pe/il5ce2 ,tuscany might be ev5 said1 z ,gelasius words x1 to conta9 sc>cely a s+le inhabitant4#cbj3a ,odoac] 0 s9k+ be=e ,!odoric1 & ! ,pope 0 *ang+ "o ,arian ma/] = ano!r4 ,& z if "o h]esy 7 n en\gh1 ,pelagianism 0 spread+ ) ! connivance ( ! ,bi%ops 9 ! t]ritory ( ,pic5um4 ,9 ! ,nor? ( ! dismemb]$ ,empire1 ! ,britons _h fir/ be5 infect$ by ,pelagianism1 & n[ 7 dispossess$ by ! hea!n ,saxons4 ,! ,armoricans /ill pres]v$ a witness ( ,ca?olicism 9 ! ,we/ ( ,gaul2 b ,pic>dy1 ,*ampagne1 & ! neighb\r+ prov9ces1 :]e "s remnant ( its supremacy _h be5 f\nd1 _h lately submitt$ to ! yet hea!n ,clovis4 ,! ,arian k+doms ( ,burgundy 9 ,france1 & ( ! ,visigo?s 9 ,aquita9e & ,spa91 oppress$ a zeal\s & ,ca?olic cl]gy1 ,africa 0 9 /ill m deplorable condition "u ! cruel sway ( ! ,v&al ,gundamond3 ! p inde$ uncorrupt$ by ! h]esy1#cba3a b _! cl]gy 9 exile & _! wor%ip susp5d$4 ,:ile su* 0 ! /ate ( ! ,lat9s1 :at _h happ5$ 9 ! ,ea/8 ,acacius1 ! ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople1 _h secretly tak5 "p aga9/ ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on & 0 "u ,papal excommunication4 ,ne>ly ! :ole ,ea/ _h sid$ ) ,acacius1 & a s*ism _h begun betwe5 ,ea/ & ,we/1 :i* la/$1 z ,i h above /at$1 = ?irty-five ye>s4 ,! ,h5oticon 0 9 =ce1 & at ! ,imp]ial comm& _h be5 sign$ by all ! ,patri>*s & ,bi%ops ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/]n ,empire4#cba3b ,9 ,arm5ia ! ,*ur*es 7 rip5+ = ! pure ,euty*ianism :i* !y adopt$ 9 ! foll[+ c5tury2 & 9 ,egypt ! ,acephali1 already sep>at$ f ! ,monophysite ,patri>*1 7 ext5d+ 9 ! ea/ & we/ ( ! c\ntry1 & pref]r$ ! loss ( ! ,episcopal ,succession to ! reception ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on4 ,& :ile ,monophysites or _! fav\r]s occupi$ ! ,*ur*es ( ! ,ea/]n ,empire1 ,ne/orianism 0 mak+ progress 9 ! t]ritories beyond x4 ,b>sumas _h held ! ,see ( ,nisibis1 ,!odore 0 read 9 ! s*ools ( ,p]sia1 & ! successive ,ca?olici ( ,seleucia _h aboli%$ ,mona*ism & 7 secul>iz+ ! cl]gy4 #bc4 ,if !n !re is n[ a =m ( ,*ri/ianity su*1 t x ext5ds ?r\gh\t ! _w1 ?\gh ) v>y+ measures ( prom95ce or prosp]ity 9 sep>ate places2--t x lies "u ! p[] ( sov]eigns & magi/rates1 9 v>i\s ways ali5 to its fai?2--t fl\ri%+ nations & great empires1 pr(ess+ or tol]at+ ! ,*ri/ian "n1 lie ov] aga9/ x z antagoni/s2--t s*ools ( philosophy & le>n+ are support+ !ories1 & foll[+ out conclusions1 ho/ile to x1 & e/abli%+ an exegetical sy/em subv]sive ( its ,scriptures2--t x has lo/ :ole ,*ur*es by s*ism1 & is n[ oppos$ by p[]ful communions once "p ( itself2--t x has be5 altoge!r or almo/ driv5 f "s c\ntries2--t 9 o!rs its l9e ( tea*]s is ov]laid1 its flocks oppress$1 its ,*ur*es occupi$1 its prop]ty held by :at may be call$ a duplicate succession2--t 9 o!rs its memb]s are deg5]ate & corrupt1 & are surpass$ 9 consci5ti\sness & 9 virtue1 z 9 gifts ( intellect1 by ! v h]etics :om x condemns2--t h]esies are rife & bi%ops neglig5t )9 its own pale2--& t amid its disord]s & its fe>s !re is b "o ,voice = ^: decisions ! peoples wait ) tru/1 "o ,"n & "o ,see to :i* !y look ) hope1 & t "n ,pet]1 & t see ,rome2--su* a religion is n unlike ! ,*ri/ianity ( ! fif? & six? ,c5turies4#cbb3a ,,footnotes3 #bjh3a ,?is juxtaposition ( names has be5 /rangely di/ort$ by critics4 ,9 ! int5tion ( ! au?or1 ,guizot mat*$ ) ,pl9y1 n ) ,fr$]ick4 #bac3a ,vid4 ,mull] de ,hi]>*4 et ,ascetic4 ,w>burton1 ,div4 ,leg4 ii4 #d4 ,seld5 de ,diis ,syr4 ,acad4 des ,inscript4 t4 #c1 hi/4 p4 #bif1 t4 #e1 mem4 p4 #fc1 t4 #af1 mem4 p4 #bfg4 ,lucian4 ,pseudomant4 ,cod4 ,!od4 ix4 #af4 #bad3a ,acad4 t4 #af4 mem4 p4 #bgd4 #bae3a ,apol4 #be4 ,vid4 also ,prud5t4 9 hon4 ,romani1 circ4 f94 & ,lucian de ,deo ,syr4 #ej4 #bae3b ,vid4 also ! sc5e 9 ,jul4 ,firm4 p4 #ddi4 #baf3a ,tac4 ,ann4 ii4 #he2 ,sueton4 ,tib]4 #cf4 #baf3b ,augu/4 #ic4 #baf3c ,de ,sup]/4 #c4 #baf3d ,de ,art4 ,am4 i4 init4 #bag3a ,sat4 iii4 vi4 #bag3b ,t]tul4 ,ap4 #e4 #bah3a ,vit4 ,hel4 #c4 #bai3a ,vid4 ,tillemont1 ,mem4 & ,l>dn]'s ,hi/4 ,h]etics4 #bba3a ,bampton ,lect4 #b4 #bbb3a ,burton1 ,bampton ,lect4 note #fa4 #bbc3a ,burton1 ,bampton ,lect4 note #dd4 #bbc3b ,montfaucon1 ,antiq4 t4 ii4 "p #b1 p4 #cec4 #bbc3c ,hr4 i4 #bj4 #bbc3d ,de ,prscr4 #dc4 #bbe3a ,vid4 ,kor?olt1 9 ,pl94 et ,traj4 ,epp4 p4 #aeb4 ,comm5t4 9 ,m9uc4 ,f4 c4 #bbh3a ,itaque imposui/is 9 c]vicibus no/ris sempit]num dom9um1 quem dies et noctes tim]emus2 quis enim non timeat omnia provid5tem et cogitantem et animadv]t5tem1 et omnia ad se p]t9]e putantem1 curiosum1 et pl5um negotii ,deum8--,cic4 de ,nat4 ,deor4 i4 #bj4 #bbh3b ,m94 c4 #aa4 ,lact4 v4 #a1 #b1 vid4 ,arnob4 ii4 #h1 c4 #bbh3c ,orig51 contr4 ,cels4 i4 #i1 iii4 #dd1 #ej1 vi4 #dd4 #bbi3a ,prud5t4 9 hon4 ,fruct4 #cg4 #bbi3b ,evan4 ,dem4 iii4 #c1 #d4 #bbi3c ,mort4 ,p]egr4 #ac4 #bbi3d c4 #ajh4 #bbi3e i4 e4 ,philop4 #af4 #bbi3f ,de ,mort4 ,p]eg4 ibid4 #bbi3g ,ru94 ,m>t4 pp4 #ajj1 #eid1 c4 #bcj3a ,prud4 9 hon4 ,rom4 vv4 #djd1 #hfh4 #bcj3b ,we h specim5s ( c>m9a ascrib$ to ,*ri/ians 9 ! ,philopatris4 #bcj3c ,go?4 9 ,cod4 ,?4 t4 #e1 p4 #abj1 ed4 #affe4 ,aga91 ,qui malefici vulgi consuetud9e nuncupantur4 ,leg4 #f4 ,s ,lactantius1 ,magi et ii quos v] maleficos vulgus appellat4 ,in/4 ii4 #ag4 ,quos et maleficos vulgus appellat4 ,augu/4 ,civ4 ,dei1 x4 #ai4 ,quos vulgus ma!maticos vocat4 ,hi]on4 9 ,dan4 c4 ii4 ,vid4 ,go?(4 9 loc4 ,o!r laws speak ( ^? :o 7 maleficiorum labe polluti1 & ( ! maleficiorum scabies4 #bcj3d ,t]tullian too m5tions ! *>ge ( ho/es pr9cipum ,romanorum1 populi1 g5]is humani1 ,deorum1 ,imp]atorum1 legum1 morum1 natur totius inimici4 ,apol4 #b1 #ce1 #ch1 ad4 ,scap4 #d1 ad4 ,nat4 i4 #ag4 #bca3a ,evid4 "p ii4 *4 #d4 #bcb3a ,hea!n ,te/4 #i4 #bcc3a ,go?(4 9 ,cod4 ,?4 t4 #e1 p4 #aba4 #bcc3b ,cic4 pro ,clu5t4 #fa4 ,giesel] transl4 vol4 i4 p4 #ba1 note #e4 ,acad4 ,inscr4 t4 #cd1 hi/4 p4 #aaj4 #bcd3a ,de ,h>usp4 ,resp4 #i4 #bcd3b ,de ,legg4 ii4 #h4 #bcd3c ,acad4 ,inscr4 ibid4 #bcd3d ,ne&]1 ,eccl4 ,hi/4 tr4 vol4 i4 p4 #ha4 #bcd3e ,mull]1 p4 #ba1 #bb1 #cj4 ,t]tull4 ,ox4 tr4 p4 #ab1 note p4 #bce3a ,gibbon1 ,hi/4 *4 #af1 note #ad4 #bce3b ,epit4 ,in/it4 #ee4 #bcf3a ,gibbon1 ibid4 ,orig5 admits & def5ds ! violation ( ! laws3 ouk alogon syn?kas p>a ta n5omism5a poie91 tas hyp] hal!ias4 c4 ,cels4 i4 #a4 #bcg3a ,hi/4 p4 #dah4 #bcg3b ,9 hon4 ,rom4 #fb4 ,9 ,act4 ,s4 ,cypr4 #d1 ,t]t4 ,apol4 #aj1 c4 #bch3a ,apol4 i4 #c1 #ci1 ,oxf4 tr4 #bda3a ,julian ap4 ,cyril1 pp4 #ci1 #aid1 #bjf1 #cce4 ,epp4 pp4 #cje1 #dbi1 #dch1 ed4 ,spanh4 #bdb3a ,niebuhr ascribes x to ! beg9n+ ( ! t5?4 #bde3a ,sirm4 ,opp4 ii4 p4 #bbe1 ed4 ,v54 #bdg3a ,proph4 ,(fice1 p4 #acb ,via ,m$ia1 vol4 i4 p4 #aji4 #bdg3b ,s9ce ! publication ( ?is volume 9 #ahde1 a writ] 9 a ,cons]vative p]iodical ( great "n has consid]$ t no happi] designation c\ld be be/[$ ^u u ?an t :i* hea!n /atesm5 gave to ! fir/ ,*ri/ians1 enemies ( ! human race4 ,:at a rem>kable witness to our id5tity ) ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,paul 7a pe/il5t fell[1 & a mov] ( s$ition ?r\gh\t ! _w71 ( ,/4 ,ignatius1 ,/4 ,polyc>p1 & ! o!r ,m>tyrs6 ,9 ?is matt]1 ,cons]vative politicians jo9 ) ,lib]als1 & ) ! movem5t p>ties 9 ,great ,brita91 ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,italy1 9 _! view ( our religion4 ,! ,ca?olics1 says ! ,qu>t]ly ,review = ,janu>y1 #ahgc1 pp4 #aha-b1 :]ev] !y are num]\s & p[]ful 9 a ,prote/ant nation1 compel 7sic7 z x 7 by a law ( _! be+1 t nation to treat !m ) /]n repression & control4 4 4 4 ,ca?olicism1 if x be true to itself1 & its mission1 _c 7sic7 4 4 4 :]ev] & :5ev] ! opportunity is af=d$ x1 ab/a9 f claim+1 work+ =1 & grasp+ t supremacy & p>am\nt influ5ce & control1 :i* x consci5ti\sly believes to be its inali5able & univ]sal due4 4 4 4 ,by ! =ce ( circum/ances1 by ! inexorable logic ( its claims1 x mu/ be ! inte/9e foe or ! di/urb+ elem5t ( e /ate 9 :i* x does n be> sway2 & 4 4 4 x mu/ n[ /& out 9 ! e/imate ( all ,prote/ants1 ,patriots & ,?9k]s 7philosoph]s & hi/orians1 z ,tacitus87 z ! ho/is humani g5]is 7sic71 c4 #bed3a ,de ,prscr4 ,hr4 #da1 ,oxf4 tr4 #bed3b *ronitai4 #bef3a ,cat4 xviii4 #bf4 #beg3a ,contr4 ,ep4 ,mani*4 #e4 #beg3b ,orig51 ,opp4 t4 i4 p4 #hji4 #beh3a ,/rom4 vii4 #ag4 #beh3b c4 ,tryph4 #ce4 #beh3c ,in/it4 #d4 #cj4 #bei3a ,hr4 #db1 p4 #cff4 #bei3b ,9 ,lucif4 f94 #bei3c ,! ,ox=d translation is us$4 #bfc3a ,rationabilis2 app>5tly an allusion to ! civil (fic] call$ ,ca?olicus or ,rationalis1 receiv]-g5]al4 #bfc3b ,ad4 ,p>m4 ii4 init4 #bfd3a ,de ,unit4 ,eccles4 #f4 #bfe3a ,contr4 ,cresc4 iv4 #ge2 also iii4 #gg4 #bff3a ,antiq4 ii4 #d1 #e4 #bfg3a ,antiq4 #e1 #c4 ,b+ham app>5tly 9 ?is passage is indirectly reply+ to ! ,ca?olic argum5t = ! ,pope's ,supremacy drawn f ! titles & acts ascrib$ to him 9 antiquity2 b t argum5t is cumulative 9 "*1 be+ "p ( a :ole body ( pro(2 & !re is moreov] a great diff]5ce betwe5 a rhetorical disc\rse & a synodal enunciation z at ,*alc$on4 #bfh3a ,ad ,demetr4 #d1 c4 ,oxf4 ,tr4 #bfh3b ,hi/4 *4 xv4 #bfi3a ,de ,unit4 #e1 #ab4 #bfi3b ,*rys4 9 ,eph4 iv4 #bfi3c ,de ,baptism4 i4 #aj4 #bfi3d c4 ,ep4 ,p>m4 i4 #g4 #bfi3e ,de ,s*ism4 ,donat4 i4 #aj4 #bgj3a ,cat4 xvi4 #aj4 #bgj3b ,de ,fid4 ad ,petr4 #ci4 #hb4 #bgj3c ,( c\rse ?is solemn tru? mu/ n be tak5 ap>t f ! words ( ! pres5t ,pope1 ,pius ,,ix41 conc]n+ inv9cible ignorance3 ,notum nobis vobisque e/1 eos1 qui inv9cibili circa sanctissimam no/ram religionem ignoranti laborant1 quique naturalem legem ejusque prcepta 9 omnium cordibus a ,deo insculpta s$ulo s]vantes1 ac ,deo ob$ire p>ati1 hone/am rectamque vitam agunt1 posse1 div9 lucis et grati op]ante virtute1 t]nam consequi vitam1 cm ,deus1 qui omnium m5tes1 animos1 cogitationes1 habitusque plan intuetur1 scrutatur et noscit1 pro summ su bonitate et clem5tia1 m9im patiatur quempiam t]nis puniri suppliciis1 qui volunt>i culp reatum non habeat4 #bgb3a ,epp4 #dc1 #eb1 #eg1 #gf1 #aje1 #aab1 #ada1 #add4 #bgf3a ,de ,gub]n4 ,dei1 vii4 p4 #adb4 ,else:]e1 ,apud ,aquitanicos qu civitas 9 locupletissim ac nobilissim sui p>te non quasi lupan> fuit8 ,quis pot5tum ac divitum non 9 luto libid9is vixit8 ,haud multum matrona abe/ vilitate s]v>um1 ubi pat]familias ancill>um m>itus e/8 ,quis autem ,aquitanorum divitum non hoc fuit8 7pp4 #acd1 #ace47 ,(f5duntur b>b>i ipsi impuritatibus no/ris4 ,esse int] ,go?os non licet scortatorem ,go?um2 soli int] eos prjudicio nationis ac nom9is p]mittuntur impuri esse ,romani 7p4 #acg74 ,quid8 ,hispanias nonne vel eadem vel majora =sitan vitia p]did]unt8 4 4 4 ,accessit hoc ad manife/&am illic impudiciti damnationem1 ut ,w&alis potissimum1 id e/1 pudicis b>b>is trad]5tur 7p4 #acg74 ,( ,africa & ,c>?age1 ,9 urbe ,*ri/ian1 9 urbe ecclesia/ic1 4 4 4 viri 9 semetipsis fem9as pr(itebantur1 c4 7p4 #aeb74 #bgf3b ,dunham1 ,hi/4 ,spa91 vol4 i4 p4 #aab4 #bgg3a ,aguirr4 ,concil4 t4 #b1 p4 #aia4 #bgg3b ,dunham1 p4 #abe4 #bgg3c ,hi/4 ,franc4 iii4 #aj4 #bgg3d ,*4 #ci4 #bgh3a ,greg4 ,dial4 iii4 #cj4 #bgh3b ,ibid4 #bj4 #bgh3c ,gibbon1 ,hi/4 *4 #cg4 #bgi3a ,de ,glor4 ,m>t4 i4 #be4 #bgi3b ,ibid4 #hj4 #bgi3c ,ibid4 #gi4 #bgi3d ,vict4 ,vit4 i4 #ad4 #bhj3a ,de ,gub4 ,d4 iv4 p4 #gc4 #bhj3b ,ibid4 v4 p4 #hh4 #bhj3c ,epp4 i4 #ca4 #bhj3d ,hi/4 vi4 #bc4 #bhj3e ,cf4 ,assem4 t4 i4 p4 #cea1 n4 #d1 t4 #c1 p4 #cic4 #bhj3f ,b>on4 ,ann4 #dcb1 #dg4 #bhj3g ,gibbon1 ,hi/4 *4 #cf4 #bha3a ,b>on4 ,ann4 #dga1 #ah4 #bha3b ,vict4 ,vit4 iv4 #d4 #bha3c ,vict4 ,vit4 ii4 #c-ae4 #bhb3a ,aguirr4 ,conc4 t4 #b1 p4 #bfb4 #bhb3b ,aguirr4 ibid4 p4 #bcb4 #bhb3c ,!od4 ,hi/4 v4 #b4 #bhb3d c4 ,ruff4 i4 #d4 #bhc3a ,ep4 #ae4 #bhc3b ,ep4 #af4 #bhd3a ,aug4 ,epp4 #dc4 #g4 #bhf3a ,assem4 iii4 p4 #fh4 #bhg3a ,ibid4 t4 #c1 p4 #hd1 note #c4 #bhg3b ,wegn]n1 ,proleg4 9 ,!od4 ,opp4 p4 ix4 #bhg3c ,de ,ephrem ,syr4 p4 #fa4 #bhh3a ,l5g]ke1 de ,ephrem ,syr4 pp4 #gc-ge4 #bhi3a despot\1 vid4 ,la ,croze1 ,!saur4 ,ep4 t4 #c1 #ade4 #bhi3b ,montf4 ,coll4 ,nov4 t4 #b1 p4 #bbg4 #bij3a ,ros5mull]1 ,hi/4 ,int]pr4 t4 #c1 p4 #bgh4 #bij3b ,l5g]ke1 de ,ephr4 ,syr4 pp4 #afe-afg4 #bij3c ,erne/4 de ,proph4 ,mess4 p4 #dfb4 #bia3a ,eccl4 ,!ol4 iii4 #ab4 #bia3b ,pr(essor ,lee's ,s]m4 ,oct4 #ahch1 pp4 #add-aeb4 #bia3c ,noris4 ,opp4 t4 #b1 p4 #aab4 #bia3d ,augu/i4 ,euseb4 ,em4 ,opp4 #bia3e ,asseman4 ,bibl4 ,or4 p4 cmxxv4 #bia3f ,h(fman1 ,gram4 ,syr4 ,proleg4 #d4 #bia3g ,! educat$ ,p]sians 7 also acqua9t$ ) ,syriac4 ,assem4 t4 i4 p4 #cea1 n4 #bib3a ,asseman41 p4 lxx4 #bib3b ,euseb4 ,prp4 vi4 #aj4 #bib3c ,tillemont1 ,mem4 t4 #g1 p4 #gg4 #bic3a ,gibbon1 *4 #dg4 #bid3a ,asseman4 p4 lxxviii4 #bid3b ,gibbon1 ibid4 #bid3c ,asseman4 t4 #b1 p4 #djc1 t4 #c1 p4 #cic4 #bie3a ,asseman4 t4 #c1 p4 #fg4 #bif3a ,gibbon1 ibid4 #bif3b ,assem4 p4 lxxvi4 #bif3c ,ibid4 t4 #c1 p4 #dda4 #big3a ,*4 #dg4 #bih3a ,fleur4 ,hi/4 xxvii4 #bi4 #bii3a ,gibbon1 *4 #dg4 #cjj3a ,concil4 ,h>d4 t4 #b1 p4 #abg4 #cja3a ,petav4 de ,inc>n4 iv4 #f1 #d4 #cja3b ,concil4 ,h>d4 t4 #b1 p4 #afh4 #cja3c ,vid4 ! ,au?or's ,a?an4 trans4 ed4 #ahha1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #cca-ccc1 #dbf-dbi1 & on ! g5]al subject 8 ,!ol4 ,tracts1 art4 v4 #cjb3a ,fleury1 ,oxf4 tr4 xxvii4 #ci4 #cjb3b ,ibid4 #da4 ,9 l mann]1 ,/4 ,a?anasius 9 ! =ego+ age _h said1 ,! fai? confess$ at ,nica by ! ,fa!rs1 accord+ to ! ,scriptures1 is suffici5t = ! ov]?r[ ( all misbelief4 ad ,epict4 init4 ,else:]e1 h[ev]1 he expla9s 8 /atem5t1 ,! decrees ( ,nica are "r & suffici5t = ! ov]?r[ ( all h]esy1 especially ! ,arian1 ad4 ,max4 f94 ,/4 ,gregory ,nazianz51 9 l mann]1 appeals to ,nica2 b he adds an explanation on ! doctr9e ( ! ,holy ,_s :i* 0 left defici5t by ! ,fa!rs1 because ! "q _h n !n be5 rais$4 ,ep4 #ajb1 init4 ,?is exclusive ma9t5ance1 & yet ext5sion ( ! ,cre$1 accord+ to ! exig5ces ( ! times1 is in/anc$ 9 o!r ,fa!rs4 ,vid4 ,a?an4 tr4 ed4 #ahha1 vol4 ii4 p4 #hb4 #cjc3a ,fleury1 ibid4 #bg4 #cjd3a ,concil4 ,h>d4 t4 #b1 p4 #ada4 ,a negative is omitt$ 9 ! ,greek1 b ins]t$ 9 ! ,lat94 #cjd3b ,supr4 p4 #bde4 #cjd3c ,ad ,con/4 ii4 #i4 ,vid4 ,a?an4 tr4 ed4 #ahha1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bfa4 #cje3a ,concil4 ,h>d4 t4 #b1 p4 #afb4 #cjg3a ,fleury1 ,hi/4 ,oxf4 tr4 xxvii4 #cg4 #cjg3b ,ep4 #aaf4 #cjg3c ,conc4 ,h>d4 t4 #b1 p4 #cf4 #cjh3a ,ep4 #dc4 #cjh3b ,fleury1 ,hi/4 ,oxf4 tr4 xxviii4 #ag1 note l4 #cjh3c ,concil4 ,h>d4 t4 #b1 p4 #fh4 #cjh3d ,fleury1 ,oxf4 tr4 xxviii4 #b1 #c4 #caj3a ,ibid4 #bj4 #caa3a ,conc4 ,h>d4 t4 #b1 p4 #fef4 #cab3a ,c any s grave an ex p>te *>ge z ?is be urg$ aga9/ ! rec5t ,vatican ,c\ncil8 #cac3a ,i _c f9d my ref]5ce = ?is fact2 ! sket* is =m$ f notes made "s ye>s s9ce1 ?\gh ,i h n[ v]ifi$ !m4 #cac3b ,leont4 de ,sect4 v4 p4 #eab4 #cac3c ,concil4 ,h>d4 t4 #b1 p4 #ii1 vid4 also p4 #dah4 #cac3d ,r5aud4 ,patr4 ,alex4 p4 #aae4 #cac3e ,assem4 t4 #b1 pp4 #acc-acg4 #cae3a ,leont4 de ,sect4 vii4 pp4 #eba1 #b4 #cae3b ,fac4 i4 #e1 circ4 init4 #cae3c ,hodeg4 #bj1 p4 #cai4 #cag3a i4 e4 ,arianism 9 ! ,ea/3 ,sanctiores aures plebis quam corda sunt sac]dotum4 ,s4 ,hil4 contr4 ,aux5t4 #f4 ,x requires "s rese>* to acc\nt = its hold on ! b>b>ians4 ,vid4 supr4 pp4 #bgd1 #e4 #cag3b ,gibbon1 *4 #dg4 #cag3c ,assem4 t4 #b1 de ,monoph4 circ4 f94 #cah3a ,leont4 ,sect4 v4 init4 #cah3b ,tillemont1 t4 #ae1 p4 #ghd4 #cai3a ,tillemont1 ,mem4 t4 #ae1 pp4 #gij-haa4 #cbj3a ,gibbon1 ,hi/4 *4 #cf1 f94 #cba3a ,gibbon1 ,hi/4 *4 #cf1 f94 #cba3b ,gibbon1 ,hi/4 *4 #dg4 #cbb3a ,! above sket* has run to great l5g?1 yet x is only "p ( :at might be set d[n 9 evid5ce ( ! wond]ful id5tity ( type :i* *>act]izes ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* f fir/ to la/4 ,i h conf9$ myself = ! mo/ "p to h] political aspect2 b a p>allel illu/ration might be drawn simply f h] doctr9al1 or f h] devotional4 ,z to h] devotional aspect1 ,c>d9al ,wiseman has %[n its id5tity 9 ! fif? comp>$ ) ! n9ete5? c5tury1 9 an article ( ! ,dubl9 ,review1 quot$ 9 "p 9 ,via ,m$ia1 vol4 ii4 p4 #cgh4 ,inde$ x is confess$ on all h&s1 z by ,middleton1 ,gibbon1 c41 t f ! "t ( ,con/ant9e to _! own1 ! sy/em & ! ph5om5a ( wor%ip 9 ,*ri/5dom1 f ,mosc[ to ,spa91 & f ,irel& to ,*ili1 is "o & ! same4 ,i h myself p>allel$ ,m$ieval ,europe ) mod]n ,belgium or ,italy1 9 po9t ( e?ical "* 9 ,difficulties ( ,anglicans1 vol4 i4 ,lecture ix41 ref]r+ ! id5tity to ! op]ation ( a pr9ciple1 insi/$ on pres5tly1 ! ,supremacy ( ,fai?4 ,& s aga91 z to ! sy/em ( ,ca?olic doctr9e1 ! type ( ! ,religion rema9s ! same1 because x has develop$ accord+ to ! analogy ( fai?1 z is obs]v$ 9 ,apol41 p4 #aif1 ,! idea ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 01 z x 71 magnifi$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 z "t w5t on1 b s 7 all ! ,*ri/ian ideas1 z t ( ! ,bless$ ,eu*>i/1 c4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,application ,,( ,,! ,,second ,,note ,,( ,a ,,true ,,developm5t4 ,,cont9uity ,,( ,,pr9ciples4 ,x appe>s !n t !re has be5 a c]ta9 g5]al type ( ,*ri/ianity 9 e age1 by :i* x is kn[n at fir/ sight1 diff]+ f itself only z :at is "y diff]s f :at is mature1 or z f\nd 9 ,europe or 9 ,am]ica1 s t x is nam$ at once & )\t hesitation1 z =ms ( nature are recogniz$ by exp]ts 9 physical sci5ce2 or z "s "w ( lit]ature or art is assign$ to its "r au?or by ! critic1 difficult z may be ! analysis ( t specific impression by :i* he is enabl$ to d s4 ,& x appe>s t ?is type has rema9$ entire f fir/ to la/1 9 spite ( t process ( developm5t :i* seems to be attribut$ by all p>ties1 = good or bad1 to ! doctr9es1 rites1 & usages 9 :i* ,*ri/ianity consi/s2 or1 9 o!r words1 t ! *anges :i* h tak5 place 9 ,*ri/ianity h n be5 su* z to de/roy t type1--t is1 t !y are n corruptions1 because !y are consi/5t ) t type4 ,"h !n1 9 ! pres]vation ( type1 we h a fir/ ,note ( ! fidelity ( ! exi/+ developm5ts ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,let u n[ proce$ to a second4 #a4 ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,:5 developm5ts 9 ,*ri/ianity are spok5 (1 x is sometimes suppos$ t !y are d$uctions & div]sions made at r&om1 accord+ to accid5t or ! caprice ( individuals2 :]eas x is because !y h be5 conduct$ all along on def9ite & cont9u\s pr9ciples t ! type ( ! ,religion has rema9$ f fir/ to la/ unalt]able4 ,:at !n are ! pr9ciples "u :i* ! developm5ts h be5 made8 ,i w enum]ate "s obvi\s ones4 #b4 ,!y mu/ be _m & positive1 z well z obvi\s1 if !y are to be effective2 ?us ! ,society ( ,fri5ds seems 9 ! c\rse ( ye>s to h *ang$ its type 9 consequ5ce ( its sc>city ( pr9ciples1 a fanatical spiritualism & an int5se secul>ity1 types simply contr>y to ea* o!r1 be+ alike consi/5t ) its ma9 pr9ciple1 ,=ms ( wor%ip are ,anti*ri/ian4 ,*ri/ianity1 on ! o!r h&1 has pr9ciples s di/9ctive1 num]\s1 v>i\s1 & op]ative1 z to be unlike any o!r religi\s1 e?ical1 or political sy/em t ! _w has ev] se51 unlike1 n only 9 "*1 b 9 p]si/5ce 9 t "*4 ,i _c attempt "h to enum]ate m ?an a few by way ( illu/ration4 #c4 ,= ! conv5i5ce ( arrangem5t1 ,i w consid] ! ,inc>nation ! c5tral tru? ( ! gospel1 & ! s\rce :5ce we are to draw out its pr9ciples4 ,?is great doctr9e is unequivocally ann\nc$ 9 numb]less passages ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 especially by ,/4 ,john & ,/4 ,paul2 z is famili> to u all3 ,! ,^w 0 made fle% & dwelt among u1 full ( grace & tru?4 ,t :i* 0 f ! beg9n+1 :i* we h he>d1 :i* we h se5 ) our eyes1 :i* we h look$ ^u1 & our h&s h h&l$1 ( ! ,^w ( life1 t decl>e we to y4 ,= ye "k ! grace ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 t1 ?\gh ,he 0 ri*1 yet = y\r sakes ,he became poor1 t ye ?r\gh ,8 pov]ty might be ri*4 ,n ,i1 b ,*ri/ live? 9 me1 & ! life :i* ,i n[ live 9 ! fle%1 ,i live by ! fai? ( ! ,son ( ,god1 :o lov$ me & gave ,himself = me4 #d4 ,9 su* passages z ^! we h #a4 ,! pr9ciple ( dogma1 t is1 sup]natural tru?s irrevocably committ$ to human language1 imp]fect because x is human1 b def9itive & necess>y because giv5 f above4 #b4 ,! pr9ciple ( fai?1 :i* is ! correlative ( dogma1 be+ ! absolute acceptance ( ! div9e ,^w ) an int]nal ass5t1 9 opposition to ! in=mations1 if su*1 ( sight & reason4 #c4 ,fai?1 be+ an act ( ! intellect1 op5s a way = inquiry1 comp>ison & inf]5ce1 t is1 = sci5ce 9 religion1 9 subs]vi5ce to itself2 ?is is ! pr9ciple ( !ology4 #d4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,inc>nation is ! ann\ncem5t ( a div9e gift convey$ 9 a mat]ial & visible m$ium1 x be+ ?us t heav5 & e>? are 9 ! ,inc>nation unit$4 ,t is1 x e/abli%es 9 ! v idea ( ,*ri/ianity ! sacram5tal pr9ciple z its *>act]i/ic4 #e4 ,ano!r pr9ciple involv$ 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,inc>nation1 view$ z taught or z dogmatic1 is ! necess>y use ( language1 e4 g4 ( ! text ( ,scripture1 9 a second or my/ical s5se4 ,words mu/ be made to express new ideas1 & are inve/$ ) a sacram5tal (fice4 #f4 ,x is our ,"l's int5tion 9 ,8 ,inc>nation to make u :at ,he is ,himself2 ?is is ! pr9ciple ( grace1 :i* is n only holy b sanctify+4 #g4 ,x _c elevate & *ange u )\t mortify+ our l[] nature3--"h is ! pr9ciple ( asceticism4 #h4 ,&1 involv$ 9 ?is dea? ( ! natural man1 is necess>ily a revelation ( ! malignity ( s91 9 corroboration ( ! =ebod+s ( consci5ce4 #i4 ,also by ! fact ( an ,inc>nation we are taught t matt] is an ess5tial "p ( u1 &1 z well z m9d1 is capable ( sanctification4 #e4 ,"h are n9e specim5s ( ,*ri/ian pr9ciples out ( ! _m#cbf3a :i* might be enum]at$1 & w any "o say t !y h n be5 reta9$ 9 vigor\s action 9 ! ,*ur* at all times amid :atev] developm5t ( doctr9e ,*ri/ianity has exp]i5c$1 s z ev5 to be ! v in/rum5ts ( t developm5t1 & z pat5t1 & z op]ative1 9 ! ,lat9 & ,greek ,*ri/ianity ( ?is day z !y 7 9 ! beg9n+8 ,?is cont9u\s id5tity ( pr9ciples 9 ecclesia/ical action has be5 se5 9 "p 9 treat+ ( ! ,note ( ,unity ( type1 & w be se5 also 9 ! ,notes :i* foll[2 h[ev]1 z "s direct acc\nt ( !m1 9 illu/ration1 may be desirable1 ,i w s+le out f\r z specim5s1--,fai?1 ,!ology1 ,scripture1 & ,dogma4 #b4 ,supremacy ( ,fai?4 ,?is pr9ciple :i*1 z we h already se51 0 s great a je/ to ,celsus & ,julian1 is ( ! foll[+ k9d3--,t belief 9 ,*ri/ianity is 9 itself bett] ?an unbelief2 t fai?1 ?\gh an intellectual action1 is e?ical 9 its orig92 t x is saf] to believe2 t we mu/ beg9 ) believ+2 t z = ! reasons ( believ+1 !y are = ! mo/ "p implicit1 & ne$ be b slightly recogniz$ by ! m9d t is "u _! influ5ce2 t !y consi/ moreov] r ( presumptions & v5tures aft] ! tru? ?an ( accurate & complete pro(s2 & t probable argum5ts1 "u ! scrut9y & sanction ( a prud5t judgm5t1 are suffici5t = conclusions :i* we ev5 embrace z mo/ c]ta91 & turn to ! mo/ important uses4 #b4 ,antagoni/ic to ?is is ! pr9ciple t doctr9es are only s f> to be consid]$ true z !y are logically demon/rat$4 ,?is is ! ass]tion ( ,locke1 :o says 9 def5ce ( x1--,:atev] ,god ha? reveal$ is c]ta9ly true2 no d\bt c be made ( x4 ,?is is ! prop] object ( ,fai?2 b1 :e!r x be a div9e revelation or no1 reason mu/ judge4 ,n[1 if he m]ely means t pro(s c be giv5 = ,revelation1 & t ,reason comes 9 logical ord] be=e ,fai?1 su* a doctr9e is 9 no s5se unca?olic2 b he c]ta9ly holds t = an individual to act on ,fai? )\t pro(1 or to make ,fai? a p]sonal pr9ciple ( conduct = !mselves1 )\t wait+ till !y h got _! reasons accurately drawn out & s]viceable = controv]sy1 is en?usia/ic & absurd4 ,h[ a man may "k :e!r he be a lov] ( tru? = tru?'s sake is wor? inquiry2 & ,i ?9k !re is ?is "o un]r+ m>k ( x1 viz4 ! n ent]ta9+ any proposition ) great] assurance ?an ! pro(s x is built ^u1 w w>rant4 ,:oev] goes beyond ?is measure ( ass5t1 x is pla91 receives n tru? 9 ! love ( x2 loves n tru? = tru?'s sake1 b = "s o!r by-end4 #c4 ,x does n seem to h /ruck him t our by-end may be ! desire to please our ,mak]1 & t ! defect ( sci5tific pro( may be made up to our reason by our love ( ,him4 ,x does n seem to h /ruck him t su* a philosophy z 8 cut (f f ! possibility & ! privilege ( fai? all b ! educat$ few1 all b ! le>n$1 ! cle>-head$1 ! m5 ( practis$ intellects & balanc$ m9ds1 m5 :o _h leisure1 :o _h opportunities ( consult+ o!rs1 & k9d & wise fri5ds to :om !y def]r$4 ,h[ c\ld a religion ev] be ,ca?olic1 if x 0 to be call$ cr$ulity or en?usiasm 9 ! multitude to use ^? ready in/rum5ts ( belief1 :i* alone ,provid5ce _h put into _! p[]8 ,on su* philosophy z ?is1 7 x g5]ally receiv$1 no great "w ev] w\ld h be5 done = ,god's glory & ! welf>e ( man4 ,! en?usiasm aga9/ :i* ,locke writes may d mu* h>m1 & act at times absurdly2 b calculation nev] made a h]o4 ,h[ev]1 x is n to our pres5t purpose to exam9e ?is !ory1 & ,i h done s else:]e4#cbh3a ,"h ,i h b to %[ ! unanimity ( ,ca?olics1 anci5t z well z mod]n1 9 _! absolute rejection ( x4 #d4 ,= in/ance1 x is ! v objection urg$ by ,celsus1 t ,*ri/ians 7 b p>allel to ! cr$ul\s victims ( juggl]s or ( devotees1 :o it9]at$ ?r\gh ! pagan population4 ,he says t "s d n ev5 wi% to give or to receive a reason = _! fai?1 b say1 ',d n inquire b believe1' & ',?y fai? w save !e2' & ',a bad ?+ is ! _w's wisdom1 & fooli%ness is a good4' ,h[ does ,orig5 answ] ! *>ge8 by d5y+ ! fact1 & speak+ ( ! reason ( ea* individual z demon/rat+ ! div9ity ( ! ,scriptures1 & ,fai? z com+ aft] t argum5tative process1 z x is n[ popul> to ma9ta98 ,f> f x2 he grants ! fact alleg$ aga9/ ! ,*ur* & def5ds x4 ,he obs]ves t1 consid]+ ! engagem5ts & ! necess>y ignorance ( ! multitude ( m51 x is a v happy circum/ance t a sub/itute is provid$ = ^? philosophical ex]cises1 :i* ,*ri/ianity all[s & enc\rages1 b does n impose on ! individual4 ,:i*1 he asks1 is ! bett]1 = !m to believe )\t reason1 & ?us to re=m any h[ & ga9 a b5efit1 f _! belief 9 ! puni%m5t ( s9n]s & ! rew>d ( well-do]s1 or to refuse to be conv]t$ on m]e belief1 or except !y devote !mselves to an intellectual inquiry8#cbi3a ,su* a provision !n is a m>k ( div9e wisdom & m]cy4 ,9 l mann]1 ,/4 ,ir5u1 aft] obs]v+ t ! ,jews _h ! evid5ce ( prophecy1 :i* ! ,g5tiles _h n1 & t to ! latt] x 0 a =eign tea*+ & a new doctr9e to be told t ! gods ( ! ,g5tiles 7 n only n gods1 b 7 idols ( devils1 & t 9 consequ5ce ,/4 ,paul lab\r$ m ^u !m1 z ne$+ x m1 adds1 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! fai? ( ! ,g5tiles is !reby %[n to be m g5]\s1 :o foll[$ ! ^w ( ,god )\t ! assi/ance ( ,scriptures4 ,to believe on less evid5ce 0 g5]\s fai?1 n en?usiasm4 ,& s aga91 ,eusebius1 :ile he cont5ds ( c\rse t ,*ri/ians are influ5c$ by no irrational fai?1 t is1 by a fai? :i* is capable ( a logical basis1 fully all[s t 9 ! individual believ+1 x is n necess>ily or ord9>ily bas$ ^u argum5t1 & ma9ta9s t x is connect$ ) t v hope1 & inclusively ) t desire ( ! ?+s belov$1 :i* ,locke 9 ! above extract consid]s incompatible ) ! love ( tru?4 ,:at d we f9d1 he says1 b t ! :ole life ( man is susp5d$ on ^! two1 hope & fai?8#ccj3a ,i d n mean ( c\rse t ! ,fa!rs 7 oppos$ to inquiries into ! intellectual basis ( ,*ri/ianity1 b t !y held t m5 7 n oblig$ to wait = logical pro( be=e believ+3 on ! contr>y1 t ! majority 7 to believe fir/ on presumptions & let ! intellectual pro( come z _! rew>d4#ccj3b #e4 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 :o _h tri$ bo? ways1 /rik+ly contra/s !m 9 8 ,de ,utilitate cr$5di1 ?\gh 8 direct object 9 t "w is to decide1 n betwe5 ,reason & ,fai?1 b betwe5 ,reason & ,au?ority4 ,he addresses 9 x a v de> fri5d1 :o1 l himself1 _h become a ,mani*ee1 b :o1 ) less happ9ess ?an 8 own1 0 /ill reta9$ 9 ! h]esy4 ,! ,mani*ees1 he obs]ves1 inveigh aga9/ ^? :o1 foll[+ ! au?ority ( ! ,ca?olic fai?1 =tify !mselves 9 ! fir/ in/ance ) believ+1 & be=e !y are able to set eyes ^u t tru?1 :i* is disc]n$ by ! pure s\l1 prep>e !mselves = a ,god :o %all illum9ate4 ,y1 ,honoratus1 "k t no?+ else 0 ! cause ( my fall+ into _! h&s1 ?an _! pr(ess+ to put away ,au?ority :i* 0 s t]rible1 & by absolute & simple ,reason to lead _! he>]s to ,god's pres5ce1 & to rid !m ( all error4 ,= :at 0 !re else t =c$ me1 = ne>ly n9e ye>s1 to slight ! religion :i* 0 s[n 9 me :5 a *ild by my p>5ts1 & to foll[ !m & dilig5tly att5d _! lectures1 b _! ass]tion t ,i 0 t]rifi$ by sup]/ition1 & 0 bidd5 to h ,fai? be=e ,i _h ,reason1 :]eas !y press$ no "o to believe be=e ! tru? _h be5 discuss$ & unravell$8 ,:o w\ld n be s$uc$ by ^! promises1 & especially a y\?1 su* z !y f\nd me !n1 desir\s ( tru?1 nay conceit$ & =w>d1 by reason ( ! disputations ( c]ta9 m5 ( s*ool le>n+1 ) a contempt ( old-wives' tales1 & a desire ( possess+ & dr9k+ t cle> & unmix$ tru? :i* !y promis$ me8#cca3a ,pres5tly he goes on to describe h[ he 0 reclaim$4 ,he f\nd ! ,mani*ees m successful 9 pull+ d[n ?an 9 build+ up2 he 0 disappo9t$ 9 ,fau/us1 :om he f\nd eloqu5t & no?+ besides4 ,^u ?is1 he did n "k :at to hold1 & 0 tempt$ to a g5]al scepticism4 ,at l5g? he f\nd he mu/ be guid$ by ,au?ority2 !n came ! "q1 ,:i* au?ority among s _m tea*]s8 ,he cri$ e>ne/ly to ,god = help1 & at la/ 0 l$ to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,he !n returns to ! "q urg$ aga9/ t ,*ur*1 t %e bids ^? :o come to h] believe1 :]eas h]etics boa/ t !y d n impose a yoke ( believ+1 b op5 a f\nta9 ( tea*+4 ,on :i* he obs]ves1 ,true religion _c 9 any mann] be rightly embrac$1 )\t a belief 9 ^? ?+s :i* ea* individual aft]w>ds atta9s & p]ceives1 if he behave himself well & %all des]ve x1 nor altoge!r )\t "s weighty & imp]ative ,au?ority4#cca3b #f4 ,^! are specim5s ( ! tea*+ ( ! ,anci5t ,*ur* on ! subject ( ,fai? & ,reason2 if1 on ! o!r h&1 we w\ld "k :at has be5 taught on ! subject 9 ^? mod]n s*ools1 9 & ?r\gh :i* ! subsequ5t developm5ts ( ,ca?olic doctr9es h proce$$1 we may turn to ! extracts made f _! writ+s by ,huet1 9 8 ,essay on ! ,human ,und]/&+2 &1 9 s do+1 we ne$ n p]plex ourselves ) ! p>ticul> !ory1 true or n1 = ! sake ( :i* he has collect$ !m4 ,speak+ ( ! weakness ( ! ,und]/&+1 ,huet says1-- ,god1 by ,8 goodness1 repairs ?is defect ( human nature1 by grant+ u ! ine/imable gift ( ,fai?1 :i* confirms our /agg]+ ,reason1 & corrects t p]plexity ( d\bts :i* we mu/ br+ to ! k ( ?+s4 ,= example3 my reason n be+ able to in=m me ) absolute evid5ce1 & p]fect c]ta9ty1 :e!r !re are bodies1 :at 0 ! orig9 ( ! _w1 & _m o!r l ?+s1 aft] ,i _h receiv$ ! ,fai?1 all ^? d\bts vani%1 z d>kness at ! ris+ ( ! sun4 ,?is made ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as say3 ',x is necess>y = man to receive z articles ( ,fai?1 n only ! ?+s :i* are above ,reason1 b ev5 ^? t = _! c]ta9ty may be kn[n by ,reason4 ,= human ,reason is v defici5t 9 ?+s div9e2 a sign ( :i* we h f philosoph]s1 :o1 9 ! se>* ( human ?+s by natural me?ods1 h be5 deceiv$1 & oppos$ ea* o!r on _m heads4 ,to ! end !n t m5 may h a c]ta9 & und\bt$ cognizance ( ,god1 x 0 necess>y ?+s div9e %\ld be taught !m by way ( ,fai?1 z be+ reveal$ ( ,god ,himself1 :o _c lie4'#ccb3a 4 4 4 4 4 ,!n ,/4 ,?omas adds aft]w>ds3 ',no se>* by natural ,reason is suffici5t to make man "k ?+s div9e1 nor ev5 ^? :i* we c prove by ,reason4' ,& 9 ano!r place he speaks ?us3 ',?+s :i* may be prov$ demon/ratively1 z ! ,be+ ( ,god1 ! ,unity ( ! ,godhead1 & o!r po9ts1 are plac$ among articles we are to believe1 because previ\s to o!r ?+s t are ( ,fai?2 & ^! mu/ be presuppos$1 at lea/ by su* z h no demon/ration ( !m4' #g4 ,:at ,/4 ,?omas says ( ! cognizance ( div9e ?+s ext5ds also to ! k ( human1 accord+ to ! doctr9e ( ,su>ez4 ',we (t5 correct1' he says1 '! light ( ,nature by ! light ( ,fai?1 ev5 9 ?+s :i* seem to be fir/ pr9ciples1 z appe>s 9 ?is3 ^? ?+s t are ! same to a ?ird1 are ! same betwe5 !mselves2 :i*1 if we h respect to ! ,tr9ity1 ought to be re/ra9$ to f9ite ?+s4 ,& 9 o!r my/]ies1 especially 9 ^? ( ! ,inc>nation & ! ,eu*>i/1 we use _m o!r limitations1 t no?+ may be repugnant to ! ,fai?4 ,?is is !n an indication t ! light ( ,fai? is mo/ c]ta91 because f\nd$ on ! fir/ tru?1 :i* is ,god1 to :om x's m impossible to deceive or be deceiv$ ?an = ! natural sci5ce ( man to be mi/ak5 & errone\s4'#ccc3a 4 4 4 4 ,if we he>k5 n to ,reason1 say y1 y ov]?r[ t great f\ndation ( ,religion :i* ,reason has e/abli%$ 9 our und]/&+1 viz4 ,god is4 ,to answ] ?is objection1 y mu/ be told t m5 "k ,god 9 two mann]s4 ,by ,reason1 ) entire human c]ta9ty2 & by ,fai?1 ) absolute & div9e c]ta9ty4 ,al?\gh by ,reason we _c acquire any k m c]ta9 ?an t ( ! ,be+ ( ,god2 insomu* t all ! argum5ts1 :i* ! impi\s oppose to ?is k are ( no validity & easily refut$2 nev]!less ?is c]ta9ty is n absolutely p]fect#ccc3b 4 4 4 4 4 #h4 ,n[ al?\gh1 to prove ! exi/5ce ( ! ,deity1 we c br+ argum5ts :i*1 accumulat$ & connect$ toge!r1 are n ( less p[] to conv9ce m5 ?an geometrical pr9ciples1 & !orems d$uc$ f !m1 & :i* are ( entire human c]ta9ty1 not)/&+1 because le>n$ philosoph]s h op5ly oppos$ ev5 ^! pr9ciples1 'tis cle> we _c1 nei!r 9 ! natural k we h ( ,god1 :i* is acquir$ by ,reason1 nor 9 sci5ce f\nd$ on geometrical pr9ciples & !orems1 f9d absolute & consummate c]ta9ty1 b only t human c]ta9ty ,i h spok5 (1 to :i* nev]!less e wise man ought to submit 8 und]/&+4 ,?is be+ n repugnant to ! te/imony ( ! ,book ( ,wisdom & ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans1 :i* decl>es t m5 :o d n f ! make ( ! _w ackn[l$ge ! p[] & div9ity ( ! ,mak] are s5seless & inexcusable4 ,= to use ! t]ms ( ,vasquez3 ',by ^! words ! ,holy ,scripture means only t !re has ev] be5 a suffici5t te/imony ( ! ,be+ ( a ,god 9 ! fabrick ( ! _w1 & 9 ,8 o!r works1 to make ,him kn[n unto m53 b ! ,scripture is n "u any conc]n :e!r ?is k be evid5t or ( greate/ probability2 = ^! t]ms are se5 & und]/ood1 9 _! common & usual acceptation1 to signify all ! k ( ! m9d ) a det]m9$ ass5t4' ,he adds aft]3 ',= if any "o %\ld at ?is "t d5y ,*ri/1 t :i* w\ld r5d] him inexcusable w\ld n be because he might h _h an evid5t k & reason = believ+ ,him1 b because he might h believ$ x by ,fai? & a prud5tial k4' ',tis ) reason !n t ,su>ez tea*es t '! natural evid5ce ( ?is pr9ciple1 ,god is ! fir/ tru?1 :o _c be deceiv$1 is n necess>y1 nor suffici5t en\gh to make u believe by infus$ ,fai?1 :at ,god reveals4' ,he proves1 by ! te/imony ( exp]i5ce1 t x is n necess>y2 = ignorant & illit]ate ,*ri/ians1 ?\gh !y "k no?+ cle>ly & c]ta9ly ( ,god1 d believe nev]!less t ,god is4 ,ev5 ,*ri/ians ( p>ts & le>n+1 z ,/4 ,?omas has obs]v$1 believe t ,god is1 be=e !y "k x by ,reason4 ,su>ez %[s aft]w>ds t ! natural evid5ce ( ?is pr9ciple is n suffici5t1 because div9e ,fai?1 :i* is infus$ into our und]/&+1 _c be bottom$ ^u human fai? alone1 h[ cle> & firm soev] x is1 z ^u a =mal object1 because an ass5t mo/ firm1 & ( an ord] mo/ noble & exalt$1 _c d]ive its c]ta9ty f a m infirm ass5t4#cce3a 4 4 4 4 #i4 ,z t\*+ ! motives ( cr$ibility1 :i*1 prep>+ ! m9d to receive ,fai?1 ought accord+ to y to be n only c]ta9 by supreme & human c]ta9ty1 b by supreme & absolute c]ta9ty1 ,i w oppose ,gabriel ,biel to y1 :o pron\nces t to receive ,fai? 'tis suffici5t t ! motives ( cr$ibility be propos$ z probable4 ,d y believe t *ildr51 illit]ate1 gross1 ignorant p1 :o h sc>cely ! use ( ,reason1 & not)/&+ h receiv$ ! gift ( ,fai?1 d mo/ cle>ly & mo/ /eadfa/ly conceive ^? =em5tion$ motives ( cr$ibility8 ,no1 )\t d\bt2 b ! grace ( ,god comes 9 to _! assi/ance1 & su/a9s ! imbecility ( ,nature & ,reason4 ,?is is ! common op9ion ( div9es4 ,reason has ne$ ( div9e grace1 n only 9 gross1 illit]ate p]sons1 b ev5 9 ^? ( p>ts & le>n+2 = h[ cle>-sight$ soev] t may be1 yet x _c make u h ,fai?1 if cele/ial light does n illum9ate u )91 because1 z ,i h said already1 div9e ,fai? be+ ( a sup]ior ord] _c d]ive its efficacy f human fai?4#ccf3a ,?is is likewise ! doctr9e ( ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as3 ',! light ( ,fai? makes ?+s se5 t are believ$4' ,he says moreov]1 ',believ]s h k ( ! ?+s ( ,fai?1 n 9 a demon/rative way1 b s z by ! light ( ,fai? x appe>s to !m t !y ought to be believ$4'#ccf3b #aj4 ,x is evid5t :at a special influ5ce su* doctr9e z ?is mu/ ex]t ^u ! !ological me?od ( ^? :o hold x4 ,argum5ts w come to be consid]$ z sugge/ions & guides r ?an logical pro(s2 & developm5ts z ! sl[1 spontane\s1 e?ical gr[?1 n ! sci5tific & compulsory results1 ( exi/+ op9ions4 #c4 ,!ology4 ,i h spok5 & h /ill to speak ( ! action ( logic1 implicit & explicit1 z a safegu>d1 & !reby a note1 ( legitimate developm5ts ( doctr9e3 b ,i am reg>d+ x "h z t cont9u\s tradition & habit 9 ! ,*ur* ( a sci5tific analysis ( all reveal$ tru?1 :i* is an ecclesia/ical pr9ciple r ?an a note ( any k9d1 z n m]ely be>+ ^u ! process ( developm5t1 b apply+ to all religi\s tea*+ equally1 & :i* is almo/ unkn[n beyond ! pale ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,reason1 ?us consid]$1 is subs]vi5t to fai?1 z h&l+1 exam9+1 expla9+1 record+1 catalogu+1 def5d+1 ! tru?s :i* fai?1 n reason1 has ga9$ = u1 z provid+ an intellectual expression ( sup]natural facts1 elicit+ :at is implicit1 comp>+1 measur+1 connect+ ea* ) ea*1 & =m+ "o & all into a !ological sy/em4 #b4 ,! fir/ /ep 9 !ology is inve/igation1 an inve/igation aris+ out ( ! lively int]e/ & dev\t welcome :i* ! matt]s inve/igat$ claim ( u2 &1 if ,scripture tea*es u ! duty ( fai?1 x tea*es q z di/9ctly t lov+ inquisitiv5ess :i* is ! life ( ! ,s*ola4 ,x attributes t temp] bo? to ! ,bless$ ,virg9 & to ! ,angels4 ,! ,angels are said to h desir$ to look into ! my/]ies ( ,revelation1 & x is twice record$ ( ,m>y t %e kept ^! ?+s & pond]$ !m 9 h] he>t4 ,moreov]1 h] words to ! ,ar*angel1 ,h[ %all ?is be8 %[ t !re is a que/ion+ 9 matt]s reveal$ to u compatible ) ! fulle/ & mo/ absolute fai?4 ,x has sometimes be5 said 9 def5ce & comm5dation ( h]etics t _! misbelief at lea/ %[$ t !y _h ?\ght ^u ! subject ( religion2 ?is is an unseemly p>adox1--at ! same "t !re c]ta9ly is ! opposite extreme ( a read9ess to receive any numb] ( dogmas at a m9ute's w>n+1 :i*1 :5 x is witness$1 fairly creates a suspicion t !y are m]ely pr(ess$ ) ! tongue1 n intellig5tly held4 ,our ,"l gives no c\nt5ance to su* lightness ( m9d2 ,he calls on ,8 disciples to use _! reason1 & to submit x4 ,na?anael's "q ,c !re any good ?+ come out ( ,naz>e?8 did n prev5t our ,"l's praise ( him z an ,israelite )\t guile4 ,nor did ,he blame ,nicodemus1 except = want ( !ological k1 on 8 ask+ ,h[ c ^! ?+s be8 ,ev5 t[>ds ,/4 ,?omas ,he 0 g5tle1 z if t[>ds "o ( ^? :o _h eyes too trembl+ly awake to be> ) dimness = ,8 sake4 ,9 l mann] ,he prais$ ! c5turion :5 he argu$ himself into a confid5ce ( div9e help & relief f ! analogy ( 8 own pr(ession2 & left 8 capti\s enemies to prove = !mselves f ! mission ( ! ,bapti/ ,8 own mission2 & ask$ !m if ,david call$ ,him ,"l1 h[ 0 ,he 8 ,son8 &1 :5 ,8 disciples wi%$ to h a p>ticul> matt] taught !m1 *id !m = _! want ( und]/&+4 ,& ^! are b "s out ( ! v>i\s in/ances :i* ,he gives u ( ! same lesson4 #c4 ,reason has ev] be5 awake & 9 ex]cise 9 ! ,*ur* aft] ,him f ! fir/4 ,sc>cely 7 ! ,apo/les )drawn f ! _w1 :5 ! ,m>tyr ,ignatius1 9 8 way to ! ,roman ,amphi!atre1 wrote 8 /rik+ly !ological ,epi/les2 he 0 foll[$ by ,ir5u1 ,hippolytus1 & ,t]tullian2 ?us we are br\ght to ! age ( ,a?anasius & 8 contempor>ies1 & to ,augu/9e4 ,!n we pass on by ,maximus & ,john ,damasc5e to ! ,middle age1 :5 !ology 0 made /ill m sci5tific by ! ,s*oolm52 nor has x become less s1 by pass+ on f ,/4 ,?omas to ! great ,jesuit writ]s ,su>ez & ,vasquez1 & !n to ,lamb]t9i4 #d4 ,scripture & its ,my/ical ,int]pretation4 ,sev]al passages h occurr$ 9 ! =ego+ ,*apt]s1 :i* s]ve to sugge/ ano!r pr9ciple on :i* "s words are n[ to be said4 ,!odore's exclusive adoption ( ! lit]al1 & repudiation ( ! my/ical int]pretation ( ,holy ,scripture1 leads to ! consid]ation ( ! latt]1 z "o ( ! *>act]i/ic conditions or pr9ciples on :i* ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ur* has ev] proce$$4 ,?us ,*ri/ianity develop$1 z we h incid5tally se51 into ! =m1 fir/1 ( a ,ca?olic1 !n ( a ,papal ,*ur*4 ,n[ x 0 ,scripture t 0 made ! rule on :i* ?is developm5t proce$$ 9 ea* case1 & ,scripture moreov] int]pret$ 9 a my/ical s5se2 &1 :]eas at fir/ c]ta9 texts 7 inconsi/5tly conf9$ to ! lett]1 & a ,mill5nium 0 9 consequ5ce expect$1 ! v c\rse ( ev5ts1 z "t w5t on1 int]pret$ ! prophecies ab\t ! ,*ur* m truly1 & t fir/ 9 respect ( h] pr]ogative z occupy+ ! orbis t]r>um1 next 9 support ( ! claims ( ! ,see ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,?is is b "o specim5 ( a c]ta9 law ( ,*ri/ian tea*+1 :i* is ?is1--a ref]5ce to ,scripture ?r\gh\t1 & especially 9 its my/ical s5se4#cci3a #b4 #a4 ,?is is a *>act]i/ic :i* w become m & m evid5t to u1 ! m we look = x4 ,! div9es ( ! ,*ur* are 9 e age engag$ 9 regulat+ !mselves by ,scripture1 appeal+ to ,scripture 9 pro( ( _! conclusions1 & exhort+ & tea*+ 9 ! ?\ghts & language ( ,scripture4 ,scripture may be said to be ! m$ium 9 :i* ! m9d ( ! ,*ur* has en]giz$ & develop$4#cci3b ,:5 ,/4 ,me?odius w\ld en=ce ! doctr9e ( v[s ( celibacy1 he ref]s to ! book ( ,numb]s2 & if ,/4 ,ir5u proclaims ! dignity ( ,/4 ,m>y1 x is f a comp>ison ( ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel ) ,g5esis4 ,& ?us ,/4 ,cyprian1 9 8 ,te/imonies1 re/s ! pr]ogatives ( m>tyrdom1 z inde$ ! :ole circle ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 on ! decl>ation ( c]ta9 texts2 &1 :5 9 8 lett] to ,antonian he seems to allude to ,purgatory1 he ref]s to our ,"l's words ab\t ! prison & pay+ ! la/ f>?+4 ,& if ,/4 ,ignatius exhorts to unity1 x is f ,/4 ,paul2 & he quotes ,/4 ,luke aga9/ ! ,phantasia/s ( 8 day4 ,we h a fir/ in/ance ( ?is law 9 ! ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,polyc>p1 & a la/ 9 ! practical works ( ,/4 ,alphonso ,liguori4 ,/4 ,cyprian1 or ,/4 ,ambrose1 or ,/4 ,b$e1 or ,/4 ,b]n>d1 or ,/4 ,c>lo1 or su* popul> books z ,hor/ius's ,p>adisus ,anim1 are specim5s ( a rule :i* is too obvi\s to ne$ =mal pro(4 ,x is exemplifi$ 9 ! !ological decisions ( ,/4 ,a?anasius 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 & ( ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! ?irte5?2 9 ! /ructure ( ! ,canon ,law1 & 9 ! ,bulls & ,lett]s ( ,popes4 ,x is in/anc$ 9 ! notion s long preval5t 9 ! ,*ur*1 :i* philosoph]s ( ?is day d n all[ u to =get1 t all tru?1 all sci5ce1 mu/ be d]iv$ f ! inspir$ volume4 ,& x is recogniz$ z well z exemplifi$2 recogniz$ z di/9ctly by writ]s ( ! ,society ( ,jesus1 z x is copi\sly exemplifi$ by ! ,ante-nic5e ,fa!rs4 #c4 ,scriptures are call$ canonical1 says ,salm]on1 z hav+ be5 receiv$ & set ap>t by ! ,*ur* into ! ,canon ( sacr$ books1 & because !y are to u a rule ( "r belief & good liv+2 also because !y ought to rule & mod]ate all o!r doctr9es1 laws1 writ+s1 :e!r ecclesia/ical1 apocryphal1 or human4 ,= z ^! agree ) !m1 or at lea/ d n disagree1 s f> are !y admitt$2 b !y are repudiat$ & reprobat$ s f> z !y diff] f !m ev5 9 ! lea/ matt]4#cdj3a ,aga93 ,! ma9 subject ( ,scripture is no?+ else ?an to treat ( ! ,god-,man1 or ! ,man-,god1 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 n only 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* is op51 b 9 ! ,old4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,= :]eas ,scripture conta9s no?+ b ! precepts ( belief & conduct1 or fai? & works1 ! end & ! means t[>ds x1 ! ,creator & ! creature1 love ( ,god & our neighb\r1 creation & r$emption1 & :]eas all ^! are f\nd 9 ,*ri/1 x foll[s t ,*ri/ is ! prop] subject ( ,canonical ,scripture4 ,= all matt]s ( fai?1 :e!r conc]n+ ,creator or creatures1 are recapitulat$ 9 ,jesus1 :om e h]esy d5ies1 accord+ to t text1 ',e _s t divides 7solvit7 ,jesus is n ( ,god2' = ,he z man is unit$ to ! ,godhead1 & z ,god to ! manhood1 to ! ,fa!r f :om ,he is born1 to ! ,holy ,gho/ :o proce$s at once f ,*ri/ & ! ,fa!r1 to ,m>y 8 mo/ ,holy ,"m1 to ! ,*ur*1 to ,scriptures1 ,sacram5ts1 ,sa9ts1 ,angels1 ! ,bless$1 to ,div9e ,grace1 to ! au?ority & m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur*1 s t x is rightly said t e h]esy divides ,jesus4#cda3a ,& aga93 ,holy ,scripture is s fa%ion$ & compos$ by ! ,holy ,gho/ z to be accommodat$ to all plans1 times1 p]sons1 difficulties1 dang]s1 diseases1 ! expulsion ( evil1 ! obta9+ ( good1 ! /ifl+ ( errors1 ! e/abli%m5t ( doctr9es1 ! +raft+ ( virtues1 ! av]t+ ( vices4 ,h5ce x is des]v$ly comp>$ by ,/4 ,basil to a disp5s>y :i* supplies v>i\s m$ic9es aga9/ e compla9t4 ,f x did ! ,*ur* 9 ! age ( ,m>tyrs draw h] firmness & =titude2 9 ! age ( ,doctors1 h] wisdom & light ( k2 9 ! "t ( h]etics1 ! ov]?r[ ( error2 9 "t ( prosp]ity1 humility & mod]ation2 f]v\r & dilig5ce1 9 a lukew>m "t2 & 9 times ( depravity & gr[+ abuse1 re=mation f corrupt liv+ & return to ! fir/ e/ate4#cda3b #d4 ,holy ,scripture1 says ,cornelius ,lapide1 conta9s ! beg9n+s ( all !ology3 = !ology is no?+ b ! sci5ce ( conclusions :i* are drawn f pr9ciples c]ta9 to fai?1 & !re=e is ( all sci5ces mo/ augu/ z well z c]ta92 b ! pr9ciples ( fai? & fai? itself do? ,scripture conta92 :5ce x evid5tly foll[s t ,holy ,scripture lays d[n ^? pr9ciples ( !ology by :i* ! !ologian begets ( ! m9d's reason+ 8 demon/rations4 ,he1 !n1 :o ?9ks he c te> away ,s*ola/ic ,sci5ce f ! "w ( comm5t+ on ,holy ,scripture is hop+ = (fspr+ )\t a "m4#cdb3a ,aga93 ,:at is ! subject-matt] ( ,scripture8 ,mu/ ,i say x 9 a ^w8 ,its aim is de omni scibili2 x embraces 9 its bosom all /udies1 all t c be kn[n3 & ?us x is a c]ta9 univ]sity ( sci5ces conta9+ all sci5ces ei!r '=mally' or 'em95tly4'#cdb3b ,nor am ,i aw>e t lat] ,po/-trid5t9e writ]s d5y t ! :ole ,ca?olic fai? may be prov$ f ,scripture1 ?\gh !y w\ld c]ta9ly ma9ta9 t x is n to be f\nd on ! surface ( x1 nor 9 su* s5se t x may be ga9$ f ,scripture )\t ! aid ( ,tradition4 #e4 #b4 ,& ?is has be5 ! doctr9e ( all ages ( ! ,*ur*1 z is %[n by ! dis9cl9ation ( h] tea*]s to conf9e !mselves to ! m]e lit]al int]pretation ( ,scripture4 ,h] mo/ subtle & p[]ful me?od ( pro(1 :e!r 9 anci5t or mod]n times1 is ! my/ical s5se1 :i* is s frequ5tly us$ 9 doctr9al controv]sy z on _m occasions to sup]s$e any o!r4 ,?us ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t appeals to ! peace-(f]+ spok5 ( 9 ,mala*i 9 pro( ( ! ,eu*>i/ic ,sacrifice2 to ! wat] & blood issu+ f our ,"l's side1 & to ! m5tion ( wat]s 9 ! ,apocalypse1 9 admoni%+ on ! subject ( ! mixture ( wat] ) ! w9e 9 ! ,oblation4 ,?us ,bell>m9e def5ds ,mona/ic celibacy by our ,"l's words 9 ,mat!w xix41 & ref]s to ,we w5t ?r\gh fire & wat]1 c41 9 ! ,psalm1 z an argum5t = ,purgatory2 & ^!1 z is pla91 are b specim5s ( a rule4 ,n[1 on turn+ to primitive controv]sy1 we f9d ?is me?od ( int]pretation to be ! v basis ( ! pro( ( ! ,ca?olic doctr9e ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity4 ,:e!r we betake ourselves to ! ,ante-nic5e writ]s or ! ,nic5e1 c]ta9 texts w meet u1 :i* d n obvi\sly ref] to t doctr9e1 yet are put =w>d z palm>y pro(s ( x4 ,su* are1 9 respect ( our ,"l's div9ity1 ,my he>t is indit+ ( a good matt]1 or has bur/ =? ) a good ,^w2 ,! ,"l made or possess$ ,me 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,8 ways2 ,i 0 ) ,him1 9 :om ,he delight$2 ,9 ,?y ,light %all we see ,light2 ,:o %all decl>e ,8 g5]ation8 ,%e is ! ,brea? ( ! ,p[] ( ,god2 & ,8 ,et]nal ,p[] & ,godhead4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,s*ool ( ,antio*1 :i* adopt$ ! lit]al int]pretation1 01 z ,i h notic$ above1 ! v metropolis ( h]esy4 ,n to speak ( ,lucian1 ^: hi/ory is b imp]fectly kn[n1 7"o ( ! fir/ ma/]s ( ?is s*ool1 & also tea*] ( ,arius & 8 pr9cipal support]s71 ,diodorus & ,!odore ( ,mopsue/ia1 :o 7 ! mo/ em95t ma/]s ( lit]alism 9 ! succe$+ g5]ation1 71 z we h se51 ! =]unn]s ( ,ne/orianism4 ,! case _h be5 ! same 9 a /ill e>li] age2--! ,jews clung to ! lit]al s5se ( ! ,scriptures & h5ce reject$ ! ,gospel2 ! ,*ri/ian ,apologi/s prov$ its div9ity by means ( ! allegorical4 ,! =mal connexion ( ?is mode ( int]pretation ) ,*ri/ian !ology is notic$ by ,porphyry1 :o speaks ( ,orig5 & o!rs z borr[+ x f hea!n philosophy1 bo? 9 explanation ( ! ,old ,te/am5t & 9 def5ce ( _! own doctr9e4 ,x may be almo/ laid d[n z an hi/orical fact1 t ! my/ical int]pretation & or?odoxy w /& or fall toge!r4 #f4 ,?is is cle>ly se51 z reg>ds ! primitive !ology1 by a rec5t writ]1 9 ! c\rse ( a ,diss]tation ^u ,/4 ,ephrem4 ,aft] obs]v+ t ,!odore ( ,h]aclea1 ,eusebius1 & ,diodorus gave a sy/ematic opposition to ! my/ical int]pretation1 :i* _h a sort ( sanction f ,antiquity & ! or?odox ,*ur*1 he proce$s2 ,ephrem is n z sob] 9 8 int]pretations1 nor c\ld x be1 s9ce he 0 a zeal\s disciple ( ! or?odox fai?4 ,= all ^? :o are mo/ em95t 9 su* sobriety 7 z f> z possible remov$ f ! fai? ( ! ,c\ncils4 4 4 4 4 ,on ! o!r h&1 all :o reta9$ ! fai? ( ! ,*ur* nev] entirely disp5s$ ) ! spiritual s5se ( ! ,scriptures4 ,= ! ,c\ncils wat*$ ov] ! or?odox fai?2 nor 0 x safe 9 ^? ages1 z we le>n especially f ! in/ance ( ,!odore ( ,mopsue/ia1 to des]t ! spiritual = an exclusive cultivation ( ! lit]al me?od4 ,moreov]1 ! allegorical int]pretation1 ev5 :5 ! lit]al s5se 0 n injur$1 0 also pres]v$2 because 9 ^? times1 :5 bo? h]etics & ,jews 9 controv]sy 7 /ubborn 9 _! objections to ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 ma9ta9+ t ! ,messiah 0 yet to come1 or d5y+ ! abrogation ( ! ,sabba? & c]emonial law1 or ridicul+ ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 & especially t ( ,*ri/'s ,div9e ,nature1 "u su* circum/ances ecclesia/ical writ]s f\nd x to _! purpose1 9 answ] to su* exceptions1 viol5tly to ref] e "p ( ,scripture by allegory to ,*ri/ & ,8 ,*ur*4#cde3a #g4 ,) ?is passage f a le>n$ ,g]man1 illu/rat+ ! be>+ ( ! allegorical me?od ^u ! ,judaic & ,a?anasian controv]sies1 x w be well to comp>e ! foll[+ passage f ! latitud9>ian ,hale's ,gold5 ,rema9s1 z direct$ aga9/ ! !ology ( ,rome4 ,! lit]al1 pla91 & uncontrov]sible mean+ ( ,scripture1 he says1 )\t any addition or supply by way ( int]pretation1 is t alone :i* = gr\nd ( fai? we are necess>ily b\nd to accept2 except x be !re1 :]e ! ,holy ,gho/ ,himself treads u out ano!r way4 ,i take n ?is to be any p>ticul> conceit ( m9e1 b t unto :i* our ,*ur* /&s necess>ily b\nd4 ,:5 we rec$$ f ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 "o motive 01 because %e add$ unto ,scripture h] glosses z ,canonical1 to supply :at ! pla9 text ( ,scripture c\ld n yield4 ,if1 9 place ( h]s1 we set up our own glosses1 ?us to d 7 no?+ else b to pull d[n ,baal1 & set up an ,ephod1 to run r\nd & meet ! ,*ur* ( ,rome aga9 9 ! same po9t 9 :i* at fir/ we left h]4 4 4 4 ,?is doctr9e ( ! lit]al s5se 0 nev] griev\s or prejudicial to any1 b only to ^? :o 7 inw>dly consci\s t _! positions 7 n suffici5tly gr\nd$4 ,:5 ,c>d9al ,cajetan1 9 ! days ( our gr&fa!rs1 _h =sak5 t ve9 ( po/ill+ & allegoriz+ on ,scripture1 :i* = a long "t _h prevail$ 9 ! ,*ur*1 & betak5 himself unto ! lit]al s5se1 x 0 a ?+ s di/a/eful unto ! ,*ur* ( ,rome t he 0 =c$ to f9d out _m %ifts & make _m apologies = himself4 ,! tru? is 7z x w appe> to him t reads 8 writ+s71 ?is /ick+ close to ! lit]al s5se 0 t alone :i* made him to %ake (f _m ( ^? t5ets ^u :i* ! ,*ur* ( ,rome & ! re=m$ ,*ur*es diff]4 ,b :5 ! importunity ( ! ,re=m]s1 & ! great cr$it ( ,calv9's writ+s 9 t k9d1 _h =c$ ! div9es ( ,rome to level _! int]pretations by ! same l9e2 :5 !y saw t no pa9s1 no subtlety ( wit 0 /rong en\gh to defeat ! lit]al evid5ce ( ,scripture1 x drove !m on ^? desp]ate %oals1 on :i* at ?is day !y /ick1 to call 9 "q1 z f> z !y dur/1 ! cr$it ( ! ,hebrew text1 & c\nt5ance aga9/ x a corrupt translation2 to add traditions unto ,scripture1 & to make ! ,*ur*'s int]pretation1 s pret5d$1 to be above exception4#cdf3a #h4 ,he pres5tly adds conc]n+ ! allegorical s5se3 ,if we absolutely condemn ^! int]pretations1 !n mu/ we condemn a great "p ( ,antiquity1 :o are v mu* conv]sant 9 ?is k9d ( int]pret+4 ,= ! mo/ p>tial = ,antiquity _c *oose b see & confess ?us mu*1 t = ! lit]al s5se1 ! int]pret]s ( our own times1 because ( _! skill 9 ! orig9al languages1 _! c>e ( press+ ! circum/ances & coh]5ce ( ! text1 ( comp>+ l places ( ,scripture ) l1 h g5]ally surpass$ ! be/ ( ! anci5ts4#cdf3b ,! use ( ,scripture !n1 especially its spiritual or second s5se1 z a m$ium ( ?\ght & d$uction1 is a *>act]i/ic pr9ciple ( doctr9al tea*+ 9 ! ,*ur*4 #e4 ,dogma4 #a4 ,t op9ions 9 religion are n matt]s ( indiff]5ce1 b h a def9ite be>+ on ! position ( _! hold]s 9 ! ,div9e ,sight1 is a pr9ciple on :i* ! ,evangelical ,fai? has f ! fir/ develop$1 & on :i* t ,fai? has be5 ! fir/ to develope4 ,i suppose1 x h>dly _h any ex]cise "u ! ,law2 ! zeal & ob$i5ce ( ! anci5t p be+ ma9ly employ$ 9 ! ma9t5ance ( div9e wor%ip & ! ov]?r[ ( idolatry1 n 9 ! action ( ! intellect4 ,fai? is 9 ?is1 z 9 o!r respects1 a *>act]i/ic ( ! ,gospel1 except s f> z x 0 anticipat$1 z its "t drew ne>4 ,elijah & ! prophets d[n to ,ezra resi/$ ,baal or re/or$ ! ,temple ,s]vice2 ! ,?ree ,*ildr5 refus$ to b[ d[n be=e ! gold5 image2 ,daniel w\ld turn 8 face t[>ds ,j]usalem2 ! ,maccabees spurn$ ! ,grecian paganism4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,greek ,philosoph]s 7 au?oritative inde$ 9 _! tea*+1 en=c$ ! ,ipse dixit1 & dem&$ ! fai? ( _! disciples2 b !y did n commonly atta* sanctity or reality to op9ions1 or view !m 9 a religi\s light4 ,our ,savi\r 0 ! fir/ to be> witness to ! ,tru?1 & to die = x1 :5 be=e ,pontius ,pilate he witness$ a good confession4 ,/4 ,john & ,/4 ,paul1 foll[+ 8 example1 bo? pron\nce ana!ma on ^? :o d5i$ ! ,tru? or br\ght 9 ano!r ,gospel4 ,tradition tells u t ! ,apo/le ( love second$ 8 ^w ) 8 de$1 & on "o occasion ha/ily quitt$ a ba? because an h]esi>* ( ! day _h ent]$ x4 ,/4 ,ignatius1 8 contempor>y1 comp>es false tea*]s to rag+ dogs2 & ,/4 ,polyc>p1 8 disciple1 ex]cis$ ! same sev5ty ^u ,m>cion :i* ,/4 ,john _h %[n t[>ds ,c]9?us4 #b4 ,/4 ,ir5u aft] ,/4 ,polyc>p exemplifies ! same doctr9e3 ,i saw !e1 he says to ! h]etic ,flor9us1 :5 ,i 0 yet a boy1 9 l[] ,asia1 ) ,polyc>p1 :5 ?\ wa/ liv+ spl5didly 9 ! ,imp]ial ,c\rt1 & try+ to recomm5d ?yself to him4 ,i rememb] inde$ :at !n happ5$ bett] ?an m rec5t occurr5ces1 = ! lessons ( boyhood gr[ ) ! m9d & become "o ) x4 ,?us ,i c "n ! place :]e bless$ ,polyc>p sat & conv]s$1 & 8 go+s out & com+s 91 & ! fa%ion ( 8 life1 & ! appe>ance ( 8 p]son1 & 8 disc\rses to ! p1 & 8 famili>ity ) ,john1 :i* he us$ to tell (1 & ) ! re/ :o _h se5 ! ,"l1 & h[ he us$ to repeat _! words1 & :at x 0 t he _h le>n$ ab\t ! ,"l f !m4 4 4 4 ,& 9 ! sight ( ,god1 ,i c prote/1 t1 if t bless$ & apo/olical ,eld] _h he>d aught ( ?is doctr9e1 he _h cri$ out & /opp$ 8 e>s1 say+ aft] 8 wont1 ',o ,good ,god1 = :at times ha/ ?\ res]v$ me t ,i %\ld endure ?is8' & he _h fl$ ! place :]e he 0 sitt+ or /&+ :5 he he>d x4 ,x seems to h be5 ! duty ( e individual ,*ri/ian f ! fir/ to witness 9 8 place aga9/ all op9ions :i* 7 contr>y to :at he _h receiv$ 9 8 baptismal cate*iz+1 & to %un ! society ( ^? :o ma9ta9$ !m4 ,s religi\s1 says ,ir5u aft] giv+ 8 acc\nt ( ,/4 ,polyc>p1 7 ! ,apo/les & _! disciples1 9 n ev5 conv]s+ ) ^? :o c\nt]feit$ ! tru?4#cdh3a #c4 ,su* a pr9ciple1 h[ev]1 w\ld b h brok5 up ! ,*ur* ! soon]1 resolv+ x into ! individuals ( :i* x 0 compos$1 unless ! ,tru?1 to :i* !y 7 to be> witness1 _h be5 a some?+ def9ite1 & =mal1 & indep5d5t ( !mselves4 ,*ri/ians 7 b\nd to def5d & to transmit ! fai? :i* !y _h receiv$1 & !y receiv$ x f ! rul]s ( ! ,*ur*2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 x 0 ! duty ( ^? rul]s to wat* ov] & def9e ?is tradition>y fai?4 ,x is unnecess>y to g ov] gr\nd :i* has be5 trav]s$ s (t5 ( late ye>s4 ,/4 ,ir5u br+s ! subject be=e u 9 8 description ( ,/4 ,polyc>p1 "p ( :i* has already be5 quot$2 & to x we may limit ourselves4 ,polyc>p1 he says :5 writ+ aga9/ ! ,gno/ics1 :om we h se5 9 our fir/ y\?1 ev] taught ^? lessons :i* he le>n$ f ! ,apo/les1 :i* ! ,*ur* also transmits1 :i* alone are true4 ,all ! ,*ur*es ( ,asia be> witness to !m2 & ! successors ( ,polyc>p d[n to ?is day1 :o is a mu* m tru/wor?y & sure witness ( tru? ?an ,val5t9us1 ,m>cion1 or _! p]v]se companions4 ,! same 0 9 ,rome 9 ! "t ( ,anicetus1 & conv]t$ _m ( ! a=5am$ h]etics to ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 prea*+ t he _h receiv$ f ! ,apo/les ?is "o & only tru?1 :i* _h be5 transmitt$ by ! ,*ur*4#cdi3a #d4 ,nor 0 ?is ! doctr9e & practice ( "o s*ool only1 :i* might be ignorant ( philosophy2 ! cultivat$ m9ds ( ! ,alex&rian ,fa!rs1 :o are said to owe s mu* to ,pagan sci5ce1 c]ta9ly %[$ no gratitude or rev]5ce t[>ds _! alleg$ in/ructors1 b ma9ta9$ ! supremacy ( ,ca?olic ,tradition4 ,clem5t#cdi3b speaks ( h]etical tea*]s z p]v]t+ ,scripture1 & essay+ ! gate ( heav5 ) a false key1 n rais+ ! veil1 z he & 81 by means ( tradition f ,*ri/1 b digg+ ?r\gh ! ,*ur*'s wall1 & becom+ my/agogues ( misbelief2 =1 he cont9ues1 few words are en\gh to prove t !y h =m$ _! human assemblies lat] ?an ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & f t previ\sly exi/+ & mo/ true ,*ur* x is v cle> t ^! lat] h]esies1 & o!rs :i* h be5 s9ce1 are c\nt]feit & novel inv5tions4#cej3a ,:5 ! ,m>cionites1 ,val5t9ians1 & ! l1 says ,orig51 appeal to apocryphal works1 !y are say+1 ',*ri/ is 9 ! des]t2' :5 to canonical ,scripture1 ',lo1 ,he is 9 ! *amb]s2' b we mu/ n dep>t f t fir/ & ecclesia/ical tradition1 nor believe o!rwise ?an z ! ,*ur*es ( ,god by succession h transmitt$ to u4 ,& x is record$ ( him 9 8 y\?1 t he nev] c\ld be br\ght to att5d ! pray]s ( a h]etic :o 0 9 ! h\se ( 8 patroness1 f abom9ation ( 8 doctr9e1 obs]v+1 adds ,eusebius1 ! rule ( ! ,*ur*4 ,eusebius too himself1 unsatisfactory z is 8 own !ology1 _c break f ?is fundam5tal rule2 he ev] speaks ( ! ,gno/ic tea*]s1 ! *ief h]etics ( 8 p]iod 7at lea/ be=e ! rise ( ,arianism71 9 t]ms mo/ expressive ( abhorr5ce & disgu/4 #e4 ,! ,african1 ,syrian1 & ,asian s*ools are additional witnesses2 ,t]tullian at ,c>?age 0 /r5u\s = ! dogmatic pr9ciple ev5 aft] he _h giv5 up ! traditional4 ,! ,fa!rs ( ,asia ,m9or1 :o excommunicat$ ,notus1 rehe>se ! ,cre$1 & add1 ,we decl>e z we h le>n$2 ! ,fa!rs ( ,antio*1 :o depose ,paul ( ,samosata1 set d[n 9 writ+ ! ,cre$ f ,scripture1 :i*1 !y say1 we receiv$ f ! beg9n+1 & h1 by tradition & 9 cu/ody1 9 ! ,ca?olic & ,holy ,*ur*1 until ?is day1 by succession1 z prea*$ by ! bless$ ,apo/les1 :o 7 eye-witnesses & m9i/]s ( ! ,^w4#cej3b #f4 ,moreov]1 x is z pla91 or ev5 pla9]1 t :at ! ,*ri/ians ( ! fir/ ages ana!matiz$1 includ$ d$uctions f ! ,articles ( ,fai?1 t is1 false developm5ts1 z well z contradictions ( ^? ,articles4 ,&1 s9ce ! reason !y commonly gave = us+ ! ana!ma 0 t ! doctr9e 9 "q 0 /range & />tl+1 x foll[s t ! tru?1 :i* 0 its contradictory1 0 also 9 "s respect unkn[n to !m hi!rto2 :i* is also %[n by _! tempor>y p]plexity1 & _! difficulty ( meet+ h]esy1 9 p>ticul> cases4 ,:o ev] he>d ! l hi!rto8 says ,/4 ,a?anasius1 ( ,apoll9>ianism2 :o 0 ! tea*] ( x1 :o ! he>]8 ',f ,sion %all g =? ! ,law ( ,god1 & ! ,^w ( ! ,"l f ,j]usalem2' b f :5ce ha? ?is gone =?8 ,:at hell ha? bur/ out ) x8 ,! ,fa!rs at ,nica /opp$ _! e>s2 & ,/4 ,ir5u1 z above quot$1 says t ,/4 ,polyc>p1 _h he he>d ! ,gno/ic blasphemies1 w\ld h /opp$ 8 e>s1 & deplor$ ! times = :i* he 0 res]v$4 ,!y ana!matiz$ ! doctr9e1 n because x 0 old1 b because x 0 new3 ! ana!ma w\ld h altoge!r slept1 if x c\ld n h be5 ext5d$ to propositions n ana!matiz$ 9 ! beg9n+2 = ! v *>act]i/ic ( h]esy is ?is novelty & orig9ality ( manife/ation4 ,su* 0 ! exclusiv5ess ( ,*ri/ianity ( old3 ,i ne$ n insi/ on ! /ead9ess ) :i* t pr9ciple has be5 ma9ta9$ ev] s9ce1 = bigotry & intol]ance is "o ( ! ord9>y *>ges br\ght at ?is day aga9/ bo? ! m$ieval ,*ur* & ! mod]n4 #g4 ,! ,*ur*'s consi/5cy & ?or\ghness 9 tea*+ is ano!r aspect ( ! same pr9ciple1 z is illu/rat$ 9 ! foll[+ passage f ,m4 ,guizot's ,hi/ory ( ,civilization4 ,! adv]s>ies1 he says1 ( ! ,re=mation1 knew v well :at !y 7 ab\t1 & :at !y requir$2 !y c\ld po9t to _! fir/ pr9ciples1 & boldly admit all ! consequ5ces t might result f !m4 ,no gov]nm5t 0 ev] m consi/5t & sy/ematic ?an t ( ! ,romi% ,*ur*4 ,9 fact1 ! ,c\rt ( ,rome 0 mu* m accommodat+1 yield$ mu* m ?an ! ,re=m]s2 b 9 pr9ciple x mu* m completely adopt$ its own sy/em1 & ma9ta9$ a mu* m consi/5t conduct4 ,!re is an imm5se p[] 9 ?is full confid5ce ( :at is done2 ?is p]fect k ( :at is requir$2 ?is complete & rational adaptation ( a sy/em & a cre$4 ,!n he goes on to ! hi/ory ( ! ,society ( ,jesus 9 illu/ration4 ,ev]y?+1 he says1 0 unfav\rable to ! ,jesuits1 bo? =tune & appe>ances2 nei!r practical s5se :i* requires success1 nor ! imag9ation :i* looks = spl5d\r1 7 gratifi$ by _! de/9y4 ,/ill x is c]ta9 t !y possess$ ! elem5ts ( greatness2 a gr& idea is atta*$ to _! "n1 to _! influ5ce1 & to _! hi/ory4 ,:y8 because !y work$ f fix$ pr9ciples1 :i* !y fully & cle>ly und]/ood1 & ! t5d5cy ( :i* !y entirely compreh5d$4 ,9 ! ,re=mation1 on ! contr>y1 :5 ! ev5t surpass$ its conception1 some?+ incomplete1 inconsequ5t1 & n>r[ has rema9$1 :i* has plac$ ! conqu]ors !mselves 9 a /ate ( rational & philosophical inf]iority1 ! influ5ce ( :i* has occasionally be5 felt 9 ev5ts4 ,! conflict ( ! new spiritual ord] ( ?+s aga9/ ! old1 is1 ,i ?9k1 ! weak side ( ! ,re=mation4#ceb3a #f4 ,additional ,rem>ks4 ,su* are "s ( ! intellectual pr9ciples :i* are *>act]i/ic ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,i obs]ve1-- ,t _! cont9uity d[n to ?is day1 & ! vig\r ( _! op]ation1 are two di/9ct gu>antees t ! !ological conclusions to :i* !y are subs]vi5t are1 9 accordance ) ! ,div9e ,promise1 true developm5ts1 & n corruptions ( ! ,revelation4 ,moreov]1 if x be true t ! pr9ciples ( ! lat] ,*ur* are ! same z ^? ( ! e>li]1 !n1 :atev] are ! v>iations ( belief betwe5 ! two p]iods1 ! lat] 9 reality agrees m ?an x diff]s ) ! e>li]1 = pr9ciples are responsible = doctr9es4 ,h5ce !y :o ass]t t ! mod]n ,roman sy/em is ! corruption ( primitive !ology are =c$ to discov] "s diff]5ce ( pr9ciple betwe5 ! "o & ! o!r2 = in/ance1 t ! "r ( private judgm5t 0 secur$ to ! e>ly ,*ur* & has be5 lo/ to ! lat]1 or1 aga91 t ! lat] ,*ur* rationalizes & ! e>li] w5t by fai?4 #b4 ,on ?is po9t ,i w b rem>k z foll[s4 ,x _c be d\bt$ t ! horror ( h]esy1 ! law ( absolute ob$i5ce to ecclesia/ical au?ority1 & ! doctr9e ( ! my/ical virtue ( unity1 7 z /rong & active 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,ignatius & ,/4 ,cyprian z 9 t ( ,/4 ,c>lo & ,/4 ,pius ! ,fif?1 :atev] be ?\ght ( ! !ology respectively taught 9 ! "o & 9 ! o!r4 ,n[ we h be=e our eyes ! effect ( ^! pr9ciples 9 ! in/ance ( ! lat] ,*ur*2 !y h entirely succe$$ 9 prev5t+ dep>ture f ! doctr9e ( ,tr5t = ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 ,h we any reason = d\bt+1 t f ! same /rictness ! same fidelity w\ld foll[1 9 ! fir/ ?ree1 or any ?ree1 c5turies ( ! ,ante-trid5t9e p]iod8 ,:]e !n 0 ! opportunity ( corruption 9 ! ?ree hundr$ ye>s betwe5 ,/4 ,ignatius & ,/4 ,augu/9e8 or betwe5 ,/4 ,augu/9e & ,/4 ,b$e8 or betwe5 ,/4 ,b$e & ,/4 ,pet] ,damiani8 or aga91 betwe5 ,/4 ,ir5u & ,/4 ,leo1 ,/4 ,cyprian & ,/4 ,gregory ! ,great1 ,/4 ,a?anasius & ,/4 ,john ,damasc5e8 ,?us ! tradition ( eighte5 c5turies becomes a collection ( indef9itely _m cat51 ea* comm5c+ f its own po9t1 & ea* cross+ ! o!r2 & ea* ye>1 z x comes1 is gu>ante$ ) v>i\s degrees ( cog5cy by e ye> :i* has gone be=e x4 #c4 ,moreov]1 :ile ! developm5t ( doctr9e 9 ! ,*ur* has be5 9 accordance )1 or 9 consequ5ce ( ^! immemorial pr9ciples1 ! v>i\s h]esies1 :i* h f "t to "t aris51 h 9 "o respect or o!r1 z might be expect$1 violat$ ^? pr9ciples ) :i* %e rose into exi/5ce1 & :i* %e /ill reta9s4 ,?us ,arian & ,ne/orian s*ools d5i$ ! allegorical rule ( ,scripture int]pretation2 ! ,gno/ics & ,eunomians = ,fai? pr(ess$ to sub/itute k2 & ! ,mani*ees also1 z ,/4 ,augu/9e s t\*+ly decl>es 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 "w ,de ,utilitate cr$5di4 ,! dogmatic ,rule1 at lea/ s f> z reg>ds its traditional "*1 0 ?r[n aside by all ^? sects :i*1 z ,t]tullian tells u1 claim$ to judge = !mselves f ,scripture2 & ! ,sacram5tal pr9ciple 0 violat$1 ipso facto1 by all :o sep>at$ f ! ,*ur*1--0 d5i$ also by ,fau/us ! ,mani*ee :5 he argu$ aga9/ ! ,ca?olic c]emonial1 by ,vigilantius 9 8 opposition to relics1 & by ! ,iconocla/s4 ,9 l mann] ! contempt ( my/]y1 ( rev]5ce1 ( dev\tness1 ( sanctity1 are o!r notes ( ! h]etical _s4 ,z to ,prote/antism x is pla9 9 h[ _m ways x has rev]s$ ! pr9ciples ( ,ca?olic !ology4 ,,footnotes3 #cbf3a ,e4 g4 developm5t itself is su* a pr9ciple also4 ,& ?us ,i 0 l$ on to a fur!r consid]ation4 ,i saw t ! pr9ciple ( developm5t n only acc\nt$ = c]ta9 facts1 b 0 9 itself a rem>kable philosophical ph5om5on1 giv+ a "* to ! :ole c\rse ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght4 ,x 0 disc]nible f ! fir/ ye>s ( ,ca?olic tea*+ up to ! pres5t day1 & gave to t tea*+ a unity & individuality4 ,x s]v$ z a sort ( te/1 :i* ! ,anglican c\ld n /&1 t mod]n ,rome 0 9 tru? anci5t ,antio*1 ,alex&ria1 & ,con/ant9ople1 j z a ma!matical curve has its own law & expression4 ,apol4 p4 #aih1 vid4 also ,angl4 ,diff4 vol4 i4 ,lect4 xii4 #g4 #cbh3a ,univ]sity ,s]mons b1 m c>efully 9 ! ,essay on ,ass5t4 #cbi3a c4 ,cels4 i4 #i4 #ccj3a ,hr4 iv4 #bd4 ,euseb4 ,prp4 ,ev4 i4 #e4 #ccj3b ,?is is too l>ge a subject to admit ( ju/ice be+ done to x "h3 ,i h treat$ ( x at l5g? 9 ! ,essay on ,ass5t4 #cca3a ,init4 #cca3b ,vid4 also supr4 p4 #bef4 #ccb3a pp4 #adb1 #adc1 ,combe's tr4 #ccc3a pp4 #add1 #ade4 #ccc3b p4 #bai4 #cce3a pp4 #bba1 #bbc4 #ccf3a pp4 #bbi1 #bcj4 #ccf3b pp4 #bcj1 #bca4 #cci3a ,vid4 ,proph4 ,(fic4 ,lect4 xiii4 ,via ,m$ia1 vol4 i4 p4 #cji1 c4 #cci3b ,a late writ] goes f>!r1 & ma9ta9s t x is n det]m9$ by ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 :e!r ! :ole ( ! ,revelation is 9 ,scripture or n4 ,! ,synod decl>es t ! ,*ri/ian 'tru? & discipl9e are conta9$ 9 writt5 books & unwritt5 traditions4' ,!y 7 well aw>e t ! controv]sy !n 01 :e!r ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e 0 only 9 "p conta9$ 9 ,scripture4 ,b !y did n d>e to frame _! decree op5ly 9 accordance ) ! mod]n ,romi% view2 !y did n v5ture to affirm1 z !y might easily h done1 t ! ,*ri/ian v]ity '0 conta9$ p>tly 9 writt5 books1 & p>tly 9 unwritt5 traditions4'--,palm] on ! ,*ur*1 vol4 #b1 p4 #ae4 ,vid4 ,difficulties ( ,angl4 vol4 ii4 pp4 #aa1 #ab4 #cdj3a ,opp4 t4 #a1 p4 #d4 #cda3a ,opp4 t4 i4 pp4 #d1 #e4 #cda3b ,ibid4 p4 #i4 #cdb3a ,proem4 #e4 #cdb3b p4 #d4 #cde3a ,l5g]ke1 de ,ephr4 ,s4 pp4 #gh-hj4 #cdf3a pp4 #bd-bf4 #cdf3b p4 #bg4 #cdh3a ,euseb4 ,hi/4 iv4 #ad1 v4 #bj4 #cdi3a ,contr4 ,hr4 iii4 #c1 #d4 #cdi3b ,ed4 ,pott]1 p4 #hig4 #cej3a ,ed4 ,pott]1 p4 #hii4 #cej3b ,clem4 ,/rom4 vii4 #ag4 ,orig5 9 ,mat?4 ,comm4 ,s]4 #df4 ,euseb4 ,hi/4 vi4 #b1 f94 ,epiph4 ,hr4 #eg1 p4 #dhj4 ,r\?1 t4 #b1 p4 #dfe4 #ceb3a ,eur4 ,civil4 pp4 #cid-cih4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,application ,,( ,,! ,,?ird ,,note ,( ,a ,,true ,,developm5t4 ,,assimilative ,,p[]4 ,s9ce religi\s sy/ems1 true & false1 h "o & ! same great & compreh5sive subject-matt]1 !y necess>ily int]f]e ) "o ano!r z rivals1 bo? 9 ^? po9ts 9 :i* !y agree toge!r1 & 9 ^? 9 :i* !y diff]4 ,t ,*ri/ianity on its rise 0 9 ^! circum/ances ( competition & controv]sy1 is suffici5tly evid5t ev5 f a =ego+ ,*apt]3 x 0 surr\nd$ by rites1 sects1 & philosophies1 :i* contemplat$ ! same que/ions1 sometimes advocat$ ! same tru?s1 & 9 no slight degree wore ! same ext]nal appe>ance4 ,x c\ld n /& /ill1 x c\ld n take its own way1 & let !m take !irs3 !y came across its pa?1 & a conflict 0 inevitable4 ,! v nature ( a true philosophy relatively to o!r sy/ems is to be polemical1 eclectic1 unitive3 ,*ri/ianity 0 polemical2 x c\ld n b be eclectic2 b 0 x also unitive8 ,_h x ! p[]1 :ile keep+ its own id5tity1 ( absorb+ its antagoni/s1 z ,a>on's rod1 accord+ to ,/4 ,j]ome's illu/ration1 dev\r$ ! rods ( ! sorc]]s ( ,egypt8 ,did x incorporate !m into itself1 or 0 x dissolv$ into !m8 ,did x assimilate !m into its own sub/ance1 or1 keep+ its "n1 0 x simply infect$ by !m8 ,9 a ^w1 7 its developm5ts fai?ful or corrupt8 ,nor is ?is a "q m]ely ( ! e>ly c5turies4 ,:5 we consid] ! deep int]e/ ( ! controv]sies :i* ,*ri/ianity raises1 ! v>i\s *>act]s ( m9d x has sway$1 ! range ( subjects :i* x embraces1 ! _m c\ntries x has ent]$1 ! deep philosophies x has enc\nt]$1 ! vicissitudes x has und]gone1 & ! l5g? ( "t ?r\gh :i* x has la/$1 x requires "s assignable explanation1 :y we %\ld n consid] x sub/antially modifi$ & *ang$1 t is1 corrupt$1 f ! fir/1 by ! numb]less influ5ces to :i* x has be5 expos$4 #b4 ,n[ !re 0 ?is c>d9al di/9ction betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & ! religions & philosophies by :i* x 0 surr\nd$1 nay ev5 ! ,judaism ( ! day1 t x ref]r$ all tru? & revelation to "o s\rce1 & t ! ,supreme & ,only ,god4 ,pagan rites :i* hon\r$ "o or o!r out ( t5 ?\s& deities2 philosophies :i* sc>cely taught any s\rce ( revelation at all2 ,gno/ic h]esies :i* 7 bas$ on ,dualism1 ador$ angels1 or ascrib$ ! two ,te/am5ts to di/9ct au?ors1 c\ld n reg>d tru? z "o1 unalt]able1 consi/5t1 imp]ative1 & sav+4 ,b ,*ri/ianity />t$ ) ! pr9ciple t !re 0 b "o ,god & "o ,m$iator1 & t ,he1 :o at sundry times & 9 div]s mann]s spake 9 "t pa/ unto ! fa!rs by ! ,prophets1 _h 9 ^! la/ days spok5 unto u by ,8 ,son4 ,he _h nev] left ,himself )\t witness1 & n[ ,he _h come1 n to undo ! pa/1 b to fulfil & p]fect x4 ,8 ,apo/les1 & !y alone1 possess$1 v5]at$1 & protect$ a ,div9e ,message1 z bo? sacr$ & sanctify+2 &1 9 ! collision & conflict ( op9ions1 9 anci5t times or mod]n1 x 0 t ,message1 & n any vague or antagoni/ tea*+1 t 0 to succe$ 9 purify+1 assimilat+1 transmut+1 & tak+ into itself ! _m-col\r$ beliefs1 =ms ( wor%ip1 codes ( duty1 s*ools ( ?\ght1 ?r\gh :i* x 0 ev] mov+4 ,x 0 ,grace1 & x 0 ,tru?4 #a4 ,! ,assimilat+ ,p[] ( ,dogmatic ,tru?4 ,t !re is a tru? !n2 t !re is "o tru?2 t religi\s error is 9 itself ( an immoral nature2 t its ma9ta9]s1 unless involunt>ily su*1 are guilty 9 ma9ta9+ x2 t x is to be dread$2 t ! se>* = tru? is n ! gratification ( curiosity2 t its atta9m5t has no?+ ( ! excitem5t ( a discov]y2 t ! m9d is bel[ tru?1 n above x1 & is b\nd1 n to descant ^u x1 b to v5]ate x2 t tru? & falsehood are set be=e u = ! trial ( our he>ts2 t our *oice is an awful giv+ =? ( lots on :i* salvation or rejection is inscrib$2 t be=e all ?+s x is necess>y to hold ! ,ca?olic fai?2 t he t w\ld be sav$ mu/ ?us ?9k1 & n o!rwise2 t1 if ?\ crie/ aft] k1 & lifte/ up ?y voice = und]/&+1 if ?\ seeke/ h] z silv]1 & se>*e/ = h] z = hid treasure1 !n %alt ?\ und]/& ! fe> ( ! ,"l1 & f9d ! k ( ,god1--?is is ! dogmatical pr9ciple1 :i* has /r5g?4 ,t tru? & falsehood 9 religion are b matt] ( op9ion2 t "o doctr9e is z good z ano!r2 t ! ,gov]nor ( ! _w does n int5d t we %\ld ga9 ! tru?2 t !re is no tru?2 t we are n m acceptable to ,god by believ+ ?is ?an by believ+ t2 t no "o is answ]able = 8 op9ions2 t !y are a matt] ( necessity or accid5t2 t x is en\gh if we s9c]ely hold :at we pr(ess2 t our m]it lies 9 seek+1 n 9 possess+2 t x is a duty to foll[ :at seems to u true1 )\t a fe> le/ x %\ld n be true2 t x may be a ga9 to succe$1 & c be no h>m to fail2 t we may take up & lay d[n op9ions at pleasure2 t belief belongs to ! m]e intellect1 n to ! he>t also2 t we may safely tru/ to ourselves 9 matt]s ( ,fai?1 & ne$ no o!r guide1--?is is ! pr9ciple ( philosophies & h]esies1 :i* is v weakness4 #b4 ,two op9ions enc\nt]2 ea* may be ab/ract$ly true2 or aga91 ea* may be a subtle1 compreh5sive doctr9e1 vigor\s1 ela/ic1 expansive1 v>i\s2 "o is held z a matt] ( indiff]5ce1 ! o!r z a matt] ( life & dea?2 "o is held by ! intellect only1 ! o!r also by ! he>t3 x is pla9 :i* ( ! two mu/ succumb to ! o!r4 ,su* 0 ! conflict ( ,*ri/ianity ) ! old e/abli%$ ,paganism1 :i* 0 almo/ dead be=e ,*ri/ianity appe>$2 ) ! ,ori5tal ,my/]ies1 flitt+ wildly to & fro l spectres2 ) ! ,gno/ics1 :o made ,k all 9 all1 despis$ ! _m1 & call$ ,ca?olics m]e *ildr5 9 ! ,tru?2 ) ! ,neo-platoni/s1 m5 ( lit]ature1 p$ants1 vision>ies1 or c\rti]s2 ) ! ,mani*ees1 :o pr(ess$ to seek ,tru? by ,reason1 n by ,fai?2 ) ! fluctuat+ tea*]s ( ! s*ool ( ,antio*1 ! "t-s]v+ ,eusebians1 & ! reckless v]satile ,arians2 ) ! fanatic ,montani/s & h>% ,novatians1 :o %rank f ! ,ca?olic doctr9e1 )\t p[] to propagate _! own4 ,^! sects _h no /ay or consi/5ce1 yet !y conta9$ elem5ts ( tru? amid _! error1 & _h ,*ri/ianity be5 z !y1 x might h resolv$ into !m2 b x _h t hold ( ! tru? :i* gave its tea*+ a gravity1 a directness1 a consi/5cy1 a /]nness1 & a =ce1 to :i* its rivals = ! mo/ "p 7 /rang]s4 ,x c\ld n call evil good1 or good evil1 because x disc]n$ ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m2 x c\ld n make light ( :at 0 s solemn1 or des]t :at 0 s solid4 ,h5ce1 9 ! collision1 x broke 9 pieces its antagoni/s1 & divid$ ! spoils4 #c4 ,?is 0 b ano!r =m ( ! _s t made m>tyrs4 ,dogmatism 0 9 tea*+1 :at confession 0 9 act4 ,ea* 0 ! same /rong pr9ciple ( life 9 a diff]5t aspect1 di/+ui%+ ! fai? :i* 0 display$ 9 x f ! _w's philosophies on ! "o side1 & ! _w's religions on ! o!r4 ,! hea!n sects & ! h]esies ( ,*ri/ian hi/ory 7 dissolv$ by ! brea? ( op9ion :i* made !m2 paganism %udd]$ & di$ at ! v sight ( ! sword ( p]secution1 :i* x _h itself un%ea!d4 ,intellect & =ce 7 appli$ z te/s bo? ^u ! div9e & ^u ! human "w2 !y prevail$ ) ! human1 !y did b become in/rum5ts ( ! ,div9e4 ,no "o1 says ,/4 ,ju/91 has s believ$ ,socrates z to die = ! doctr9e :i* he taught4 ,no "o 0 ev] f\nd und]go+ dea? = fai? 9 ! sun4#cei3a ,?us ,*ri/ianity grew 9 its proportions1 ga9+ alim5t & m$ic9e f all t x came ne>1 yet pres]v+ its orig9al type1 f its p]ception & its love ( :at _h be5 reveal$ once = all & 0 no private imag9ation4 #d4 ,!re are writ]s :o ref] to ! fir/ c5turies ( ! ,*ur* z a "t :5 op9ion 0 free1 & ! consci5ce exempt f ! obligation or temptation to take on tru/ :at x _h n prov$2 & t1 app>5tly on ! m]e gr\nd t ! s]ies ( great !ological decisions did n comm5ce till ! f\r?4 ,?is seems to be ,m4 ,guizot's mean+ :5 he says t ,*ri/ianity 9 ! e>ly ages 0 a belief1 a s5tim5t1 an individual conviction2#cfj3a t ! ,*ri/ian society appe>s z a pure association ( m5 animat$ by ! same s5tim5ts & pr(ess+ ! same cre$4 ,! fir/ ,*ri/ians1 he cont9ues1 assembl$ to enjoy toge!r ! same emotions1 ! same religi\s convictions4 ,we d n f9d any doctr9al sy/em e/abli%$1 any =m ( discipl9e or ( laws1 or any body ( magi/rates4#cfj3b ,:at c be meant by say+ t ,*ri/ianity _h no magi/rates 9 ! e>lie/ ages8--b1 any h[1 9 /atem5ts su* z ^! ! di/9ction is n prop]ly recogniz$ betwe5 a pr9ciple & its exhibitions & in/ances1 ev5 if ! fact 7 z is repres5t$4 ,! pr9ciple inde$ ( ,dogmatism developes into ,c\ncils 9 ! c\rse ( "t2 b x 0 active1 nay sov]eign f ! fir/1 9 e "p ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,a conviction t tru? 0 "o2 t x 0 a gift f )\t1 a sacr$ tru/1 an ine/imable bless+2 t x 0 to be rev]5c$1 gu>d$1 def5d$1 transmitt$2 t its abs5ce 0 a griev\s want1 & its loss an unutt]able calamity2 & aga91 ! /]n words & acts ( ,/4 ,john1 ( ,polyc>p1 ,ignatius1 ,ir5u1 ,clem5t1 ,t]tullian1 & ,orig52--all ?is is q consi/5t ) p]plexity or mi/ake z to :at 0 tru? 9 p>ticul> cases1 9 :at way d\btful que/ions 7 to be decid$1 or :at 7 ! limits ( ! ,revelation4 ,c\ncils & ,popes are ! gu>dians & in/rum5ts ( ! dogmatic pr9ciple3 !y are n t pr9ciple !mselves2 !y presuppose ! pr9ciple2 !y are summon$ into action at ! call ( ! pr9ciple1 & ! pr9ciple might act ev5 be=e !y _h _! legitimate place1 & ex]cis$ a recogniz$ p[]1 9 ! movem5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian body4 #e4 ,! in/ance ( ,consci5ce1 :i* has already s]v$ u 9 illu/ration1 may assi/ u "h4 ,:at ,consci5ce is 9 ! hi/ory ( an individual m9d1 su* 0 ! dogmatic pr9ciple 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,bo? 9 ! "o case & ! o!r1 !re is ! gradual =mation ( a direct+ p[] out ( a pr9ciple4 ,! natural voice ( ,consci5ce is f> m imp]ative 9 te/ify+ & en=c+ a rule ( duty1 ?an successful 9 det]m9+ t duty 9 p>ticul> cases4 ,x acts z a mess5g] f above1 & says t !re is a "r & a wrong1 & t ! "r mu/ be foll[$2 b x is v>i\sly1 & !re=e errone\sly1 tra9$ 9 ! in/ance ( v>i\s p]sons4 ,x mi/akes error = tru?2 & yet we believe t on ! :ole1 & ev5 9 ^? cases :]e x is ill-in/ruct$1 if its voice be dilig5tly obey$1 x w gradually be cle>$1 simplifi$1 & p]fect$1 s t m9ds1 />t+ diff]5tly w1 if hone/1 9 c\rse ( "t conv]ge to "o & ! same tru?4 ,i d n h]eby imply t !re is indi/9ctness s great z ?is 9 ! !ology ( ! fir/ c5turies2 b s f> is pla91 t ! e>ly ,*ur* & ,fa!rs ex]cis$ f> m a rul]'s ?an a doctor's (fice3 x 0 ! age ( ,m>tyrs1 ( act+ n ( ?9k+4 ,doctors succe$$ ,m>tyrs1 z light & peace ( consci5ce foll[ ^u ob$i5ce to x2 yet1 ev5 be=e ! ,*ur* _h gr[n into ! full measure ( its doctr9es1 x 0 root$ 9 its pr9ciples4 #f4 ,s f>1 h[ev]1 may be grant$ to ,m4 ,guizot1 t ev5 pr9ciples 7 n s well und]/ood & s c>efully h&l$ at fir/1 z !y 7 aft]w>ds4 ,9 ! e>ly p]iod1 we see traces ( a conflict1 z well z ( a v>iety1 9 !ological elem5ts1 :i* 7 9 c\rse ( comb9ation1 b :i* requir$ adju/m5t & managem5t be=e !y c\ld be us$ ) precision z "o4 ,9 a ?\s& in/ances ( a m9or "*1 ! /atem5ts ( ! e>ly ,fa!rs are b tok5s ( ! multiplicity ( op5+s :i* ! m9d ( ! ,*ur* 0 mak+ into ! treasure-h\se ( ,tru?2 real op5+s1 b incomplete or irregul>4 ,nay1 ! doctr9es ev5 ( ! h]etical bodies are indices & anticipations ( ! m9d ( ! ,*ur*4 ,z ! fir/ /ep 9 settl+ a "q ( doctr9e is to raise & debate x1 s h]esies 9 e age may be tak5 z ! measure ( ! exi/+ /ate ( ?\ght 9 ! ,*ur*1 & ( ! movem5t ( h] !ology2 !y det]m9e 9 :at way ! curr5t is sett+1 & ! rate at :i* x fl[s4 #g4 ,?us1 ,/4 ,clem5t may be call$ ! repres5tative ( ! eclectic elem5t1 & ,t]tullian ( ! dogmatic1 nei!r elem5t z yet be+ fully und]/ood by ,ca?olics2 & ,clem5t p]haps w5t too f> 9 8 accommodation to philosophy1 & ,t]tullian ass]t$ ) exagg]ation ! immutability ( ! ,cre$4 ,nay1 ! two antagoni/ pr9ciples ( dogmatism & assimilation are f\nd 9 ,t]tullian alone1 ?\gh ) "s defici5cy ( amalgamation1 & ) a great] lean+ t[>ds ! dogmatic4 ,?\gh ! ,montani/s pr(ess$ to pass ov] ! subject ( doctr9e1 x is *iefly 9 ,t]tullian's ,montani/ic works t 8 /rong /atem5ts occur ( ! unalt]abl5ess ( ! ,cre$2 & extravagance on ! subject is n only 9 keep+ ) ! /]n & vehem5t temp] ( t ,fa!r1 b ) ! g5]al sev]ity & h>%ness ( 8 sect4 ,on ! o!r h& ! v f\ndation ( ,montanism is developm5t1 ?\gh n ( doctr9e1 yet ( discipl9e & conduct4 ,x is said t its f\nd] pr(ess$ himself ! promis$ ,com=t]1 ?r\gh :om ! ,*ur* 0 to be p]fect$2 he provid$ prophets z organs ( ! new revelation1 & call$ ,ca?olics ,psy*ici or animal4 ,t]tullian di/9ctly recognizes ev5 ! process ( developm5t 9 "o ( 8 ,montani/ic works4 ,aft] speak+ ( an innovation ^u usage1 :i* 8 newly reveal$ tru? requir$1 he proce$s1 ,!re=e ha? ! ,"l s5t ! ,p>aclete1 t1 s9ce human infirmity c\ld n take all ?+s 9 at once1 discipl9e might be gradually direct$1 regulat$ & br\ght to p]fection by ! ,"l's ,vic>1 ! ,holy ,gho/4 ',i h yet _m ?+s to say to y1' ,he sai?1 c4 ,:at is ?is disp5sation ( ! ,p>aclete b ?is1 t discipl9e is direct$1 ,scriptures op5$1 intellect re=m$1 improvem5ts effect$8 ,no?+ c take place )\t age1 & all ?+s wait _! "t4 ,9 %ort1 ! ,prea*] says ',!re is a "t = all ?+s4' ,behold ! creature itself gradually advanc+ to fruit4 ,at fir/ !re is a se$1 & a /alk spr+s out ( ! se$1 & f ! /alk bur/s out a %rub1 & !n its bran*es & foliage gr[ vigor\s1 & all t we mean by a tree is unfold$2 !n !re is ! swell+ ( ! bud1 & ! bud is resolv$ into a blossom1 & ! blossom is op5$ into a fruit1 & is = a :ile rudim5tal & un=m$1 till1 by degrees foll[+ out its life1 x is matur$ into mell[ness ( flav\r4 ,s too righte\sness1 7= !re is ! same ,god bo? ( righte\sness & ( ! creation17 0 at fir/ 9 its rudim5ts1 a nature fe>+ ,god2 !nce1 by means ( ,law & ,prophets1 x advanc$ into infancy2 !nce1 by ! gospel1 x bur/ =? into its y\?2 & n[ by ! ,p>aclete1 x is fa%ion$ into maturity4#cfc3a #h4 ,n 9 "o pr9ciple or doctr9e only1 b 9 its :ole sy/em1 ,montanism is a rem>kable anticipation or presage ( developm5ts :i* soon began to %[ !mselves 9 ! ,*ur*1 ?\gh !y 7 n p]fect$ = c5turies aft]4 ,its rigid ma9t5ance ( ! orig9al ,cre$1 yet its admission ( a developm5t1 at lea/ 9 ! ritual1 has j be5 in/anc$ 9 ! p]son ( ,t]tullian4 ,equally ,ca?olic 9 _! pr9ciple1 :e!r 9 fact or anticipation1 7 mo/ ( ! o!r peculi>ities ( ,montanism3 its rigor\s fa/s1 its visions1 its comm5dation ( celibacy & m>tyrdom1 its contempt ( temporal goods1 its p5it5tial discipl9e1 & its ma9t5ance ( a c5tre ( unity4 ,! doctr9al det]m9ations & ! ecclesia/ical usages ( ! middle ages are ! true fulfilm5t ( its self-will$ & abortive attempts at precipitat+ ! gr[? ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! fav\r %[n to x = a :ile by ,pope ,victor is an evid5ce ( its ext]nal resemblance to or?odoxy2 & ! celebrat$ ,m>tyrs & ,sa9ts 9 ,africa1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird c5tury1 ,p]petua & ,felicitas1 or at lea/ _! ,acts1 betok5 t same peculi> temp] ( religion1 :i*1 :5 cut (f f ! ,*ur* a few ye>s aft]w>ds1 quickly deg5]at$ into a h]esy4 ,a p>allel in/ance occurs 9 ! case ( ! ,donati/s4 ,!y held a doctr9e on ! subject ( ,baptism simil> to t ( ,/4 ,cyprian3 ,v9c5tius ,lir95sis1 says ,gibbon1 ref]r+ to ,tillemont's rem>ks on t resemblance1 has expla9$ :y ! ,donati/s are et]nally burn+ ) ! devil1 :ile ,/4 ,cyprian reigns 9 heav5 ) ,jesus ,*ri/4#cfd3a ,& 8 reason is intelligible3 x is1 says ,tillemont1 z ,/4 ,augu/9e (t5 says1 because ! ,donati/s _h brok5 ! bond ( peace & *>ity ) ! o!r ,*ur*es1 :i* ,/4 ,cyprian _h pres]v$ s c>efully4#cfd3b #i4 ,^! are specim5s ( ! raw mat]ial1 z x may be call$1 :i*1 :e!r z f\nd 9 individual ,fa!rs )9 ! pale ( ! ,*ur*1 or 9 h]etics ext]nal to x1 %e _h ! p[]1 by means ( ! cont9uity & firmness ( h] pr9ciples1 to conv]t to h] own uses4 ,%e alone has succe$$ 9 ?us reject+ evil )\t sacrific+ ! good1 & 9 hold+ toge!r 9 "o ?+s :i* 9 all o!r s*ools are incompatible4 ,gno/ic or ,platonic words are f\nd 9 ! inspir$ !ology ( ,/4 ,john2 to ! ,platoni/s ,unit>ian writ]s trace ! doctr9e ( our ,"l's div9ity2 ,gibbon ! idea ( ! ,inc>nation to ! ,gno/ics4 ,! ,gno/ics too seem fir/ to h sy/ematically ?r[n ! intellect ^u matt]s ( fai?2 & ! v t]m ,gno/ic has be5 tak5 by ,clem5t to express 8 p]fect ,*ri/ian4 ,&1 ?\gh ascetics exi/$ f ! beg9n+1 ! notion ( a religion high] ?an ! ,*ri/ianity ( ! _m1 0 fir/ prom95tly br\ght =w>d by ! ,gno/ics1 ,montani/s1 ,novatians1 & ,mani*ees4 ,& :ile ! prophets ( ! ,montani/s prefigure ! ,*ur*'s ,doctors1 & _! pr(ess$ inspiration h] infallibility1 & _! revelations h] developm5ts1 & ! h]esi>* himself is ! unsightly anticipation ( ,/4 ,francis1 9 ,novatian aga9 we disc]n ! aspiration ( nature aft] su* creations ( grace z ,/4 ,b5$ict or ,/4 ,bruno4 ,& s ! ef=t ( ,sabellius to complete ! enunciation ( ! my/]y ( ! ,ev]-bless$ ,tr9ity fail$3 x became a h]esy2 grace w\ld n be con/ra9$2 ! c\rse ( ?\ght c\ld n be =c$2--at l5g? x 0 realiz$ 9 ! true ,unit>ianism ( ,/4 ,augu/9e4 #aj4 ,doctr9e too is p]colat$1 z x 71 ?r\gh diff]5t m9ds1 beg9n+ ) writ]s ( inf]ior au?ority 9 ! ,*ur*1 & issu+ at l5g? 9 ! enunciation ( h] ,doctors4 ,orig51 ,t]tullian1 nay ,eusebius & ! ,antio*5es1 supply ! mat]ials1 f :i* ! ,fa!rs h wr\ght out comm5ts or treatises4 ,/4 ,gregory ,nazianz5 & ,/4 ,basil dige/$ into =m ! !ological pr9ciples ( ,orig52 ,/4 ,hil>y & ,/4 ,ambrose are bo? indebt$ to ! same great writ] 9 _! int]pretations ( ,scripture2 ,/4 ,ambrose aga9 has tak5 8 comm5t on ,/4 ,luke f ,eusebius1 & c]ta9 ( 8 ,tracts f ,philo2 ,/4 ,cyprian call$ ,t]tullian 8 ,ma/]2 & traces ( ,t]tullian1 9 8 almo/ h]etical treatises1 may be detect$ 9 ! mo/ f9i%$ s5t5ces ( ,/4 ,leo4 ,! s*ool ( ,antio*1 9 spite ( ! h]etical ta9t ( v>i\s ( its ,ma/]s1 =m$ ! g5ius ( ,/4 ,*ryso/om4 ,& ! ,apocryphal gospels h contribut$ _m ?+s = ! devotion & edification ( ,ca?olic believ]s4#cff3a ,! deep m$itation :i* seems to h be5 ex]cis$ by ! ,fa!rs on po9ts ( doctr9e1 ! disputes & turbul5ce yet lucid det]m9ation :i* *>act]ize ! ,c\ncils1 ! indecision ( ,popes1 are all 9 diff]5t ways1 at lea/ :5 view$ toge!r1 portions & indications ( ! same process4 ,! !ology ( ! ,*ur* is no r&om comb9ation ( v>i\s op9ions1 b a dilig5t1 pati5t work+ out ( "o doctr9e f _m mat]ials4 ,! conduct ( ,popes1 ,c\ncils1 ,fa!rs1 betok5s ! sl[1 pa9ful1 anxi\s tak+ up ( new tru?s into an exi/+ body ( belief4 ,/4 ,a?anasius1 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ,/4 ,leo are conspicu\s = ! repetition 9 t]m9is ( _! own !ological /atem5ts2 on ! contr>y1 x has be5 obs]v$ ( ! het]odox ,t]tullian1 t 8 works indicate no ord9>y f]tility ( m9d 9 t he s little repeats himself or recurs to fav\rite ?\ghts1 z is frequ5tly ! case ev5 ) ! great ,/4 ,augu/9e4#cff3b #aa4 ,"h we see ! diff]5ce betwe5 orig9ality ( m9d & ! gift & call+ ( a ,doctor 9 ! ,*ur*2 ! holy ,fa!rs j m5tion$ 7 int5tly fix+ _! m9ds on :at !y taught1 grasp+ x m & m closely1 view+ x on v>i\s sides1 try+ its consi/5cy1 weigh+ _! own sep>ate expressions4 ,& ?us if 9 "s cases !y 7 ev5 left 9 ignorance1 ! next g5]ation ( tea*]s complet$ _! "w1 = ! same unwe>i$ anxi\s process ( ?\ght w5t on4 ,/4 ,gregory ,nyss5 f9i%es ! inve/igations ( ,/4 ,a?anasius2 ,/4 ,leo gu>ds ! polemical /atem5ts ( ,/4 ,cyril4 ,clem5t may hold a purgatory1 yet t5d to consid] all puni%m5t purgatorial2 ,/4 ,cyprian may hold ! unsanctifi$ /ate ( h]etics1 b include 9 8 doctr9e a d5ial ( _! baptism2 ,/4 ,hippolytus may believe 9 ! p]sonal exi/5ce ( ! ,^w f et]nity1 yet speak confus$ly on ! et]nity ( ,8 ,son%ip2 ! ,c\ncil ( ,antio* might put aside ! ,homosion1 & ! ,c\ncil ( ,nica impose x2 ,/4 ,hil>y may believe 9 a purgatory1 yet conf9e x to ! day ( judgm5t2 ,/4 ,a?anasius & o!r ,fa!rs may treat ) almo/ sup]natural exactness ! doctr9e ( our ,"l's inc>nation1 yet imply1 z f> z words g1 t ,he 0 ignorant view$ 9 ,8 human nature2 ! ,a?anasian ,cre$ may admit ! illu/ration ( s\l & body1 & lat] ,fa!rs may disc\nt5ance x2 ,/4 ,augu/9e might fir/ be oppos$ to ! employm5t ( =ce 9 religion1 & !n acquiesce 9 x4 ,pray]s = ! fai?ful dep>t$ may be f\nd 9 ! e>ly liturgies1 yet ) an indi/9ctness :i* includ$ ! ,bless$ ,virg9 & ! ,m>tyrs 9 ! same rank ) ! imp]fect ,*ri/ian ^: s9s 7 z yet unexpiat$2 & succe$+ times might keep :at 0 exact1 & supply :at 0 defici5t4 ,ari/otle might be reprobat$ by c]ta9 e>ly ,fa!rs1 yet furni% ! phraseology = !ological def9itions aft]w>ds4 ,& 9 a diff]5t subject-matt]1 ,/4 ,isidore & o!rs might be suspici\s ( ! decoration ( ,*ur*es2 ,/4 ,paul9us & ,/4 ,hel5a advance x4 ,& ?us we are br\ght on to dwell ^u ! (fice ( grace1 z well z ( tru?1 9 enabl+ ! ,*ur*'s cre$ to develope & to absorb )\t ! risk ( corruption4 #b4 ,! ,assimilat+ ,p[] ( ,sacram5tal ,grace4 ,!re is 9 tru? a c]ta9 virtue or grace 9 ! ,gospel :i* *anges ! quality ( doctr9es1 op9ions1 usages1 actions1 & p]sonal *>act]s :5 incorporat$ ) x1 & makes !m "r & acceptable to its ,div9e ,au?or1 :]eas be=e !y 7 ei!r infect$ ) evil1 or at be/ b %ad[s ( ! tru?4 ,?is is ! pr9ciple1 above spok5 (1 :i* ,i h call$ ! ,sacram5tal4 ,we "k t we are ( ,god1 & ! :ole _w lie? 9 wick$ness1 is an enunciation ( ! pr9ciple2--or1 ! decl>ation ( ! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles1 ,if any man be 9 ,*ri/1 he is a new creature2 old ?+s are pass$ away1 behold all ?+s are become new4 ,?us x is t outw>d rites1 :i* are b wor?less 9 !mselves1 lose _! e>?ly "* & become ,sacram5ts "u ! ,gospel2 circumcision1 z ,/4 ,paul says1 is c>nal & has come to an end1 yet ,baptism is a p]petual ord9ance1 z be+ graft$ ^u a sy/em :i* is grace & tru?4 ,else:]e1 he p>allels1 :ile he contra/s1 ! cup ( ! ,"l & ! cup ( devils1 9 ?is respect1 t to p>take ( ei!r is to hold communion ) ! s\rce f :i* x comes2 & he adds pres5tly1 t we h be5 all made to dr9k into "o _s4 ,s aga9 he says1 no "o is ju/ifi$ by ! works ( ! old ,law2 :ile bo? he implies1 & ,/4 ,james decl>es1 t ,*ri/ians are ju/ifi$ by works ( ! ,new ,law4 ,aga9 he contra/s ! ex]cises ( ! intellect z exhibit$ by hea!n & ,*ri/ian4 ,h[beit1 he says1 aft] condemn+ hea!n wisdom1 we speak wisdom among !m t are p]fect1 yet n ! wisdom ( ?is _w2 & x is pla9 t n[h]e ne$ we look = m gl[+ eloqu5ce1 m di/9ct pr(ession ( reason+1 m c>eful ass]tion ( doctr9e1 ?an is to be f\nd 9 ! ,apo/le's writ+s4 #b4 ,9 l mann] :5 ! ,jewi% exorci/s attempt$ to call ov] !m :i* _h evil spirits ! ,"n ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 ! evil _s pr(ess$ n to "k !m1 & inflict$ on !m a bodily injury2 on ! o!r h&1 ! occasion ( ?is attempt ( !irs 0 a /up5d\s in/ance or type1 9 ! p]son ( ,/4 ,paul1 ( ! v pr9ciple ,i am illu/rat+4 ,god wr\ght special miracles by ! h&s ( ,paul1 s t f 8 body 7 br\ght unto ! sick h&k]*iefs & aprons1 & ! diseases dep>t$ f !m1 & ! evil spirits w5t out ( !m4 ,! grace giv5 him 0 communicable1 diffusive2 an influ5ce pass+ f him to o!rs1 & mak+ :at x t\*$ spiritual1 z en?usiasm may be or ta/es or panics4 ,p>allel in/ances occur ( ! op]ation ( ?is pr9ciple 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*1 f ! "t t ! ,apo/les 7 tak5 f x4 ,/4 ,paul d5\nces di/9ctions 9 meat & dr9k1 ! obs]vance ( ,sabba?s & holydays1 & ( ord9ances1 & ! wor%ip ( ,angels2 yet ,*ri/ians1 f ! fir/1 7 rigid 9 _! /at$ fa/+s1 v5]at$1 z ,/4 ,ju/9 tells u1 ! ,angelic intellig5ces1#cfi3a & e/abli%$ ! obs]vance ( ! ,"l's day z soon z p]secution ceas$4 #c4 ,9 l mann] ,celsus objects t ,*ri/ians did n endure ! sight ( temples1 alt>s1 & /atues2 ,porphyry1 t !y blame ! rites ( wor%ip1 victims1 & frank9c5se2 ! hea!n disputant 9 ,m9ucius asks1 ,:y h ,*ri/ians no alt>s1 no temples1 no conspicu\s images8 & no sacrifices2 & yet x is pla9 f ,t]tullian t ,*ri/ians _h alt>s ( _! own1 & sacrifices & prie/s4 ,& t !y _h *ur*es is aga9 & aga9 prov$ by ,eusebius :o _h se5 ! h\ses ( pray] levell$ 9 ! ,dioclesian p]secution2 f ! hi/ory too ( ,/4 ,gregory ,?aumaturgus1 nay f ,clem5t4#cgj3a ,aga91 ,/4 ,ju/9 & ,m9ucius speak ( ! =m ( ! ,cross 9 t]ms ( rev]5ce1 q inconsi/5t ) ! doctr9e t ext]nal emblems ( religion may n be v5]at$4 ,t]tullian speaks ( ,*ri/ians sign+ !mselves ) x :atev] !y set ab\t1 :e!r !y walk1 eat1 or lie d[n to sleep4 ,9 ,eusebius's life ( ,con/ant9e1 ! figure ( ! ,cross holds a mo/ conspicu\s place2 ! ,emp]or sees x 9 ! sky & is conv]t$2 he places x ^u 8 /&>ds2 he ins]ts x into 8 own h& :5 he puts up 8 /atue2 :]ev] ! ,cross is display$ 9 8 battles1 he conqu]s2 he appo9ts fifty m5 to c>ry x2 he engraves x on 8 soldi]s' arms2 & ,lic9ius dreads its p[]4 ,%ortly aft]1 ,julian pla9ly accuses ,*ri/ians ( wor%ipp+ ! wood ( ! ,cross1 ?\gh !y refus$ to wor%ip ! ancile4 ,9 a lat] age ! wor%ip ( images 0 introduc$4#cgj3b #d4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! di/9ction1 by :i* ^! obs]vances 7 pi\s 9 ,*ri/ianity & sup]/iti\s 9 paganism1 is impli$ 9 su* passages ( ,t]tullian1 ,lactantius1 & o!rs1 z speak ( evil spirits lurk+ "u ! pagan /atues4 ,x is intimat$ also by ,orig51 :o1 aft] say+ t ,scripture s /rongly =bids temples1 alt>s1 & images1 t ,*ri/ians are ready to g to dea?1 if necess>y1 r ?an pollute _! notion ( ! ,god ( all by any su* transgression1 assigns z a reason t1 z f> z possible1 !y might n fall into ! notion t images 7 gods4 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 9 reply+ to ,porphyry1 is m express2 ,^?1 he says1 :o are acqua9t$ ) ,old & ,new ,te/am5t d n blame 9 ! pagan religion ! erection ( temples or in/itution ( prie/hoods1 b t ^! are done to idols & devils4 4 4 ,true religion blames 9 _! sup]/itions1 n s mu* _! sacrific+1 = ! anci5t sa9ts sacrific$ to ! ,true ,god1 z _! sacrific+ to false gods4#cga3a ,to ,fau/us ! ,mani*ee he answ]s1 ,we h "s ?+s 9 common ) ! g5tiles1 b our purpose is diff]5t4#cga3b ,& ,/4 ,j]ome asks ,vigilantius1 :o made objections to lights & oil1 ,because we once wor%ipp$ idols1 is t a reason :y we %\ld n wor%ip ,god1 = fe> ( seem+ to address him ) an hon\r l t :i* 0 paid to idols & !n 0 dete/able1 :]eas ?is is paid to ,m>tyrs & !re=e to be receiv$8#cga3c #e4 ,confid+ !n 9 ! p[] ( ,*ri/ianity to resi/ ! infection ( evil1 & to transmute ! v in/rum5ts & app5dages ( demon-wor%ip to an evangelical use1 & feel+ also t ^! usages _h orig9ally come f primitive revelations & f ! in/9ct ( nature1 ?\gh !y _h be5 corrupt$2 & t !y mu/ inv5t :at !y ne$$1 if !y did n use :at !y f\nd2 & t !y 7 moreov] possess$ ( ! v ar*etypes1 ( :i* paganism attempt$ ! %ad[s2 ! rul]s ( ! ,*ur* f e>ly times 7 prep>$1 %\ld ! occasion arise1 to adopt1 or imitate1 or sanction ! exi/+ rites & cu/oms ( ! populace1 z well z ! philosophy ( ! educat$ class4 ,/4 ,gregory ,?aumaturgus supplies ! fir/ in/ance on record ( ?is economy4 ,he 0 ! ,apo/le ( ,pontus1 & "o ( 8 me?ods = gov]n+ an unt[>d population is ?us relat$ by ,/4 ,gregory ( ,nyssa4 ,on return+1 he says1 to ! city1 aft] revisit+ ! c\ntry r\nd ab\t1 he increas$ ! devotion ( ! p ev]y:]e by in/itut+ fe/ive meet+s 9 hon\r ( ^? :o _h f\ght = ! fai?4 ,! bodies ( ! ,m>tyrs 7 di/ribut$ 9 diff]5t places1 & ! p assembl$ & made m]ry1 z ! ye> came r\nd1 hold+ fe/ival 9 _! hon\r4 ,?is inde$ 0 a pro( ( 8 great wisdom 4 4 4 =1 p]ceiv+ t ! *ildi% & untra9$ populace 7 reta9$ 9 _! idolatr\s error by creature com=ts1 9 ord] t :at 0 ( fir/ importance %\ld at any rate be secur$ to !m1 viz4 t !y %\ld look to ,god 9 place ( _! va9 rites1 he all[$ !m to be m]ry1 jovial1 & gay at ! monum5ts ( ! holy ,m>tyrs1 z if _! behavi\r w\ld 9 "t und]go a spontane\s *ange into great] s]i\sness & /rictness1 s9ce fai? w\ld lead !m to x2 :i* has actually be5 ! happy issue 9 t population1 all c>nal gratification hav+ turn$ into a spiritual =m ( rejoic+4#cgb3a ,!re is no reason to suppose t ! lic5ce "h spok5 ( pass$ ! limits ( h>mless ?\gh rude fe/ivity2 = x is obs]vable t ! same reason1 ! ne$ ( holydays = ! multitude1 is assign$ by ,orig51 ,/4 ,gregory's ma/]1 to expla9 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,"l's ,day also1 & ! ,pas*al & ! ,p5teco/al fe/ivals1 :i* h nev] be5 view$ z unlawful compliances2 &1 moreov]1 ! p 7 9 fact ev5tually reclaim$ f _! gross habits by 8 indulg5t policy1 a successful issue :i* c\ld n h foll[$ an accommodation to :at 0 s9ful4 #f4 ,! example set by ,/4 ,gregory 9 an age ( p]secution 0 impetu\sly foll[$ :5 a "t ( peace succe$$4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! f\r? c5tury two movem5ts or developm5ts spread ov] ! face ( ,*ri/5dom1 ) a rapidity *>act]i/ic ( ! ,*ur*2 ! "o ascetic1 ! o!r ritual or c]emonial4 ,we are told 9 v>i\s ways by ,eusebius1#cgc3a t ,con/ant9e1 9 ord] to recomm5d ! new religion to ! hea!n1 transf]r$ into x ! outw>d ornam5ts to :i* !y _h be5 accu/om$ 9 _! own4 ,x is n necess>y to g into a subject :i* ! dilig5ce ( ,prote/ant writ]s has made famili> to mo/ ( u4 ,! use ( temples1 & ^! d$icat$ to p>ticul> sa9ts1 & ornam5t$ on occasions ) bran*es ( trees2 inc5se1 lamps1 & c&les2 votive (f]+s on recov]y f illness2 holy wat]2 asylums2 holydays & seasons1 use ( cal5d>s1 processions1 bless+s on ! fields2 sac]dotal ve/m5ts1 ! tonsure1 ! r+ 9 m>riage1 turn+ to ! ,ea/1 images at a lat] date1 p]haps ! ecclesia/ical *ant1 & ! ,kyrie ,eleison1#cgc3b are all ( pagan orig91 & sanctifi$ by _! adoption into ! ,*ur*4 #g4 ,! eigh? book ( ,!odoret's "w ,adv]sus ,g5tiles1 :i* is ,on ! ,m>tyrs1 treats s l>gely on ! subject1 t we mu/ cont5t ourselves ) only a specim5 ( ! illu/rations :i* x af=ds1 ( ! pr9ciple act$ on by ,/4 ,gregory ,?aumaturgus4 ,"t1 :i* makes all ?+s decay1 he says1 speak+ ( ! ,m>tyrs1 has pres]v$ _! glory incorruptible4 ,= z ! noble s\ls ( ^? conqu]ors trav]se ! heav5s1 & take "p 9 ! spiritual *oirs1 s _! bodies are n consign$ to sep>ate tombs1 b cities & t[ns divide !m among !m2 & call !m savi\rs ( s\ls & bodies1 & physicians1 & hon\r !m z ! protectors & gu>dians ( cities1 &1 us+ _! int]v5tion ) ! ,"l ( all1 obta9 ?r\gh !m div9e gifts4 ,& ?\gh ea* body be divid$1 ! grace rema9s indivisible2 & t small1 t t9y p>ticle is equal 9 p[] ) ! ,m>tyr t ha? nev] be5 disp]s$ ab\t4 ,= ! grace :i* is ev] blossom+ di/ributes ! gifts1 measur+ ! b\nty accord+ to ! fai? ( ^? :o come = x4 ,yet n ev5 ?is p]suades y to celebrate _! ,god1 b ye laugh & mock at ! hon\r :i* is paid !m by all1 & consid] x a pollution to approa* _! tombs4 ,b ?\gh all m5 made a je/ ( !m1 yet at lea/ ! ,greeks c\ld n dec5tly compla91 to :om belong$ libations & expiations1 & h]oes & demi-gods & deifi$ m54 ,to ,h]cules1 ?\gh a man 4 4 4 & compell$ to s]ve ,eury/heus1 !y built temples1 & con/ruct$ alt>s1 & (f]$ sacrifices 9 hon\r1 & allott$ fea/s2 & t1 n ,sp>tans only & ,a!nians1 b ! :ole ( ,greece & ! great] "p ( ,europe4 #h4 ,!n1 aft] go+ ?r\gh ! hi/ory ( _m hea!n deities1 & ref]r+ to ! doctr9e ( ! philosoph]s ab\t great m51 & to ! monum5ts ( k+s & emp]ors1 all ( :i* at once are witnesses & are inf]ior1 to ! greatness ( ! ,m>tyrs1 he cont9ues3 ,to _! %r9es we come1 n once or twice a ye> or five times1 b (t5 d we hold celebrations2 (t51 nay daily1 d we pres5t hymns to _! ,"l4 ,& ! s\nd 9 heal? ask = its pres]vation1 & ^? :o /ruggle ) any disease = a release f _! suff]+s2 ! *ildless = *ildr51 ! b>r5 to become mo!rs1 & ^? :o enjoy ! bless+ = its safe keep+4 ,^? too :o are sett+ out = a =eign l& beg t ! ,m>tyrs may be _! fell[-travell]s & guides ( ! j\rney2 ^? :o h come safe back ackn[l$ge ! grace1 n com+ to !m z to gods1 b besee*+ !m z div9e m51 & ask+ _! int]cession4 ,& t !y obta9 :at !y ask 9 fai?1 _! d$ications op5ly witness1 9 tok5 ( _! cure4 ,= "s br+ lik5esses ( eyes1 o!rs ( feet1 o!rs ( h&s2 "s ( gold1 o!rs ( silv]2 & _! ,"l accepts ev5 ! small & *eap1 measur+ ! gift by ! (f]]'s ability4 4 4 4 4 ,philosoph]s & ,orators are consign$ to oblivion1 & k+s & capta9s are n kn[n ev5 by "n to ! _m2 b ! names ( ! ,m>tyrs are bett] kn[n to all ?an ! names ( ^? de>e/ to !m4 ,& !y make a po9t ( giv+ !m to _! *ildr51 ) a view ( ga9+ = !m !reby safety & protection4 4 4 4 ,nay1 ( ! s-call$ gods1 s utt]ly h ! sacr$ places be5 de/roy$1 t n ev5 _! outl9e rema9s1 nor ! %ape ( _! alt>s is kn[n to m5 ( ?is g5]ation1 :ile _! mat]ials h be5 d$icat$ to ! %r9es ( ! ,m>tyrs4 ,= ! ,"l has introduc$ ,8 own dead 9 place ( y\r gods2 ( ! "o ,he ha? made a riddance1 on ! o!r ,he ha? conf]r$ _! hon\rs4 ,= ! ,p&ian fe/ival1 ! ,diasia1 & ! ,dionysia1 & y\r o!r su*1 we h ! fea/s ( ,pet]1 ( ,paul1 ( ,?omas1 ( ,s]gius1 ( ,m>cellus1 ( ,leontius1 ( ,pantelemon1 ( ,antony1 ( ,maurice1 & ( ! o!r ,m>tyrs2 & = t old-_w procession1 & indec5cy ( "w & ^w1 are held mode/ fe/ivities1 )\t intemp]ance1 or revel1 or laught]1 b ) div9e hymns1 & att5dance on holy disc\rses & pray]s1 adorn$ ) laudable te>s4 ,?is 0 ! view ( ! ,evid5ces ( ,*ri/ianity :i* a ,bi%op ( ! fif? c5tury (f]$ = ! conv]sion ( unbeliev]s4 #i4 ,! introduction ( ,images 0 /ill lat]1 & met ) m opposition 9 ! ,we/ ?an 9 ! ,ea/4 ,x is gr\nd$ on ! same great pr9ciple :i* ,i am illu/rat+2 & z ,i h giv5 extracts f ,!odoret = ! developm5ts ( ! f\r? & fif? c5turies1 s w ,i n[ cite ,/4 ,john ,damasc5e 9 def5ce ( ! fur!r developm5ts ( ! eigh?4 ,z to ! passages y adduce1 he says to 8 oppon5ts1 !y abom9ate n ! wor%ip paid to our ,images1 b t ( ! ,greeks1 :o made !m gods4 ,x ne$s n !re=e1 because ( ! absurd use ( ! ,greeks1 to aboli% our use :i* is s pi\s4 ,en*ant]s & wiz>ds use adjurations1 s does ! ,*ur* ov] its ,cate*um5s2 b !y invoke devils1 & %e invokes ,god aga9/ devils4 ,greeks d$icate images to devils1 & call !m gods2 b we to ,true ,god ,inc>nate1 & to ,god's s]vants & fri5ds1 :o drive away ! troops ( devils4#cgf3a ,aga91 ,z ! holy ,fa!rs ov]?rew ! temples & %r9es ( ! devils1 & rais$ 9 _! places %r9es 9 ! names ( ,sa9ts & we wor%ip !m1 s also !y ov]?rew ! images ( ! devils1 & 9 _! /ead rais$ images ( ,*ri/1 & ,god's ,"m1 & ! ,sa9ts4 ,& "u ! ,old ,cov5ant1 ,israel nei!r rais$ temples 9 ! "n ( m51 nor 0 memory ( man made a fe/ival2 =1 z yet1 man's nature 0 "u a curse1 & dea? 0 condemnation1 & !re=e 0 lam5t$1 & a corpse 0 reckon$ unclean & he :o t\*$ x2 b n[ t ! ,godhead has be5 comb9$ ) our nature1 z "s life-giv+ & sav+ m$ic9e1 our nature has be5 glorifi$ & is trans-elem5t$ into incorruption4 ,:]e=e ! dea? ( ,sa9ts is made a fea/1 & temples are rais$ to !m1 & ,images are pa9t$4 4 4 ,= ! ,image is a triumph1 & a manife/ation1 & a monum5t 9 memory ( ! victory ( ^? :o h done nobly & excell$1 & ( ! %ame ( ! devils defeat$ & ov]?r[n4 ,once m1 ,if because ( ! ,law ?\ do/ =bid ,images1 y w soon h to sabbatize & be circumcis$1 = ^! ord9ances ! ,law comm&s z indisp5sable2 nay1 to obs]ve ! :ole law1 & n to keep ! fe/ival ( ! ,"l's ,pas*a out ( ,j]usalem3 b "k t if y keep ! ,law1 ,*ri/ ha? pr(it$ y no?+4 4 4 4 4 ,b away ) ?is1 = :oev] ( y are ju/ifi$ 9 ! ,law h fall5 f grace4#cgg3a #aj4 ,x is q consi/5t ) ! t5or ( ^! rem>ks to obs]ve1 or to all[1 t real sup]/itions h sometimes obta9$ 9 p>ts ( ,*ri/5dom f its int]c\rse ) ! hea!n2 or h ev5 be5 admitt$1 or all b admitt$1 ?\gh commonly resi/$ /r5u\sly1 by au?orities 9 ! ,*ur*1 9 consequ5ce ( ! resemblance :i* exi/s betwe5 ! hea!n rites & c]ta9 portions ( h] ritual4 ,z philosophy has at times corrupt$ h] div9es1 s has paganism corrupt$ h] wor%ipp]s2 & z ! m intellectual h be5 involv$ 9 h]esy1 s h ! ignorant be5 corrupt$ by sup]/ition4 ,?us ,/4 ,*ryso/om is vehem5t aga9/ ! sup]/iti\s usages :i* ,jews & ,g5tiles 7 introduc+ among ,*ri/ians at ,antio* & ,con/ant9ople4 ,:at %all we say1 he asks 9 "o place1 ab\t ! amulets & bells :i* are hung ^u ! h&s1 & ! sc>let wo(1 & o!r ?+s full ( su* extreme folly2 :5 !y ought to inve/ ! *ild ) no?+ else save ! protection ( ! ,cross8 ,b n[ t is despis$ :i* ha? conv]t$ ! :ole _w1 & giv5 ! sore w\nd to ! devil1 & ov]?r[n all 8 p[]2 :ile ! ?read1 & ! wo(1 & ! o!r amulets ( t k9d1 are entru/$ ) ! *ild's safety4 ,aft] m5tion+ fur!r sup]/itions1 he proce$s1 ,n[ t among ,greeks su* ?+s %\ld be done1 is no wond]2 b among ! wor%ipp]s ( ! ,cross1 & p>tak]s 9 unspeakable my/]ies1 & pr(essors ( su* morality1 t su* unseeml9ess %\ld prevail1 ?is is especially to be deplor$ aga9 & aga94#cgh3a ,& 9 l mann] ,/4 ,augu/9e suppress$ ! fea/s call$ ,agap1 :i* _h be5 all[$ ! ,african ,*ri/ians on _! fir/ conv]sion4 ,x is "t1 he says1 = m5 :o d>e n d5y t !y are ,*ri/ians1 to beg9 to live accord+ to ! w ( ,*ri/1 &1 n[ be+ ,*ri/ians1 to reject :at 0 only all[$ t !y might become ,*ri/ians4 ,! p object$ ! example ( ! ,vatican ,*ur* at ,rome1 :]e su* fea/s 7 obs]v$ e day2 ,/4 ,augu/9e answ]$1 ,i h he>d t x has be5 (t5 prohibit$1 b ! place is f> (f f ! ,bi%op's abode 7! ,lat]an71 & 9 s l>ge a city !re is a multitude ( c>nal p]sons1 especially ( /rang]s :o resort daily ?i!r4#cgh3b ,& 9 l mann] x c]ta9ly is possible t ! consci\sness ( ! sanctify+ p[] 9 ,*ri/ianity may h act$ z a temptation to s9s1 :e!r ( deceit or ( viol5ce2 z if ! habit or /ate ( grace de/roy$ ! s9fulness ( c]ta9 acts1 or z if ! end ju/ifi$ ! means4 #aa4 ,x is b enunciat+ 9 o!r words ! pr9ciple we are trac+1 to say t ! ,*ur* has be5 entru/$ ) ! disp5sation ( grace4 ,= if %e c conv]t hea!n appo9tm5ts into spiritual rites & usages1 :at is ?is b to be 9 possession ( a treasure1 & to ex]cise a discretion>y p[] 9 its application8 ,h5ce !re has be5 f ! fir/ mu* v>iety & *ange1 9 ! ,sacram5tal acts & in/rum5ts :i* %e has us$4 ,:ile ! ,ea/]n & ,african ,*ur*es baptiz$ h]etics on _! reconciliation1 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 z ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* s9ce1 ma9ta9$ t imposition ( h&s 0 suffici5t1 if _! prior baptism _h be5 =mally correct4 ,! c]emony ( imposition ( h&s 0 us$ on v>i\s occasions ) a di/9ct mean+2 at ! rite ( ,cate*um5s1 on admitt+ h]etics1 9 ,confirmation1 9 ,ord9ation1 9 ,b5$iction4 ,baptism 0 sometimes adm9i/]$ by imm]sion1 sometimes by infusion4 ,infant ,baptism 0 n at fir/ en=c$ z aft]w>ds4 ,*ildr5 or ev5 infants 7 admitt$ to ! ,eu*>i/ 9 ! ,african ,*ur* & ! re/ ( ! ,we/1 z n[ 9 ! ,greek4 ,oil _h v>i\s uses1 z = heal+ ! sick1 or z 9 ! rite ( extreme unction4 ,indulg5ces 9 works or 9 p]iods ( p5ance1 _h a diff]5t mean+1 accord+ to circum/ances4 ,9 l mann] ! ,sign ( ! ,cross 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ means ( grace2 !n holy seasons1 & holy places1 & pilgrimage to !m2 holy wat]2 prescrib$ pray]s1 or o!r obs]vances2 g>m5ts1 z ! scapul>1 & sacr$ ve/m5ts2 ! ros>y2 ! crucifix4 ,& = "s wise purpose d\btless1 su* z t ( %[+ ! p[] ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! disp5sation ( div9e grace1 z well z ! p]fection & spirituality ( ! ,eu*>i/ic ,pres5ce1 ! ,*alice is 9 ! ,we/ )held f all b ! celebrant 9 ! ,holy ,eu*>i/4 #ab4 ,s9ce x has be5 repres5t$ z if ! p[] ( assimilation1 spok5 ( 9 ?is ,*apt]1 is 9 my mean+ no?+ m ?an a m]e accretion ( doctr9es or rites f )\t1 ,i am l$ to quote ! foll[+ passage 9 fur!r illu/ration ( x f my ,essays1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bca3-- ,! ph5om5on1 admitt$ on all h&s1 is ?is3--,t great portion ( :at is g5]ally receiv$ z ,*ri/ian tru? is1 9 its rudim5ts or 9 its sep>ate p>ts1 to be f\nd 9 hea!n philosophies & religions4 ,= in/ance1 ! doctr9e ( a ,tr9ity is f\nd bo? 9 ! ,ea/ & 9 ! ,we/2 s is ! c]emony ( wa%+2 s is ! rite ( sacrifice4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,div9e ,^w is ,platonic2 ! doctr9e ( ! ,inc>nation is ,indian2 ( a div9e k+dom is ,judaic2 ( ,angels & demons is ,magian2 ! connexion ( s9 ) ! body is ,gno/ic2 celibacy is kn[n to ,bonze & ,talapo92 a sac]dotal ord] is ,egyptian2 ! idea ( a new bir? is ,*9ese & ,eleus9ian2 belief 9 sacram5tal virtue is ,py?agorean2 & hon\rs to ! dead are a poly!ism4 ,su* is ! g5]al nature ( ! fact be=e u2 ,mr4 ,milman argues f x1--',^! ?+s are 9 hea!nism1 !re=e !y are n ,*ri/ian3' we1 on ! contr>y1 pref] to say1 '^! ?+s are 9 ,*ri/ianity1 !re=e !y are n hea!n4' ,t is1 we pref] to say1 & we ?9k t ,scripture be>s u out 9 say+1 t f ! beg9n+ ! ,moral ,gov]nor ( ! _w has scatt]$ ! se$s ( tru? f> & wide ov] its ext5t2 t ^! h v>i\sly tak5 root1 & gr[n up z 9 ! wild]ness1 wild plants inde$ b liv+2 & h5ce t1 z ! inf]ior animals h tok5s ( an immat]ial pr9ciple 9 !m1 yet h n s\ls1 s ! philosophies & religions ( m5 h _! life 9 c]ta9 true ideas1 ?\gh !y are n directly div9e4 ,:at man is amid ! brute creation1 su* is ! ,*ur* among ! s*ools ( ! _w2 & z ,adam gave names to ! animals ab\t him1 s has ! ,*ur* f ! fir/ look$ r\nd ^u ! e>?1 not+ & visit+ ! doctr9es %e f\nd !re4 ,%e began 9 ,*aldea1 & !n soj\rn$ among ! ,canaanites1 & w5t d[n into ,egypt1 & !nce pass$ into ,arabia1 till %e re/$ 9 h] own l&4 ,next %e enc\nt]$ ! m]*ants ( ,tyre1 & ! wisdom ( ! ,ea/ c\ntry1 & ! luxury ( ,%eba4 ,!n %e 0 c>ri$ away to ,babylon1 & w&]$ to ! s*ools ( ,greece4 ,& :]ev] %e w5t1 9 tr\ble or 9 triumph1 /ill %e 0 a liv+ _s1 ! m9d & voice ( ! ,mo/ ,high2 'sitt+ 9 ! mid/ ( ! doctors1 bo? he>+ !m & ask+ !m que/ions2' claim+ to h]self :at !y said rightly1 correct+ _! errors1 supply+ _! defects1 complet+ _! beg9n+s1 exp&+ _! surmises1 & ?us gradually by means ( !m enl>g+ ! range & ref9+ ! s5se ( h] own tea*+4 ,s f> !n f h] cre$ be+ ( d\btful cr$it because x resembles =eign !ologies1 we ev5 hold t "o special way 9 :i* ,provid5ce has imp>t$ div9e k to u has be5 by enabl+ h] to draw & collect x toge!r out ( ! _w1 &1 9 ?is s5se1 z 9 o!rs1 to 'suck ! milk ( ! ,g5tiles & to suck ! brea/ ( k+s4' ,h[ f> 9 fact ?is process has gone1 is a "q ( hi/ory2 & we believe x has be=e n[ be5 grossly exagg]at$ & misrepres5t$ by ^? :o1 l ,mr4 ,milman1 h ?\ght t its exi/5ce told aga9/ ,ca?olic doctr9e2 b s little antec$5t difficulty h we 9 ! matt]1 t we c\ld readily grant1 unless x 7 a "q ( fact n ( !ory1 t ,balaam 0 an ,ea/]n sage1 or a ,sibyl 0 inspir$1 or ,solomon le>nt ( ! sons ( ,mahol1 or ,moses 0 a s*ol> ( ! ,egyptian hi]ophants4 ,we are n di/ress$ to be told t ! doctr9e ( ! angelic ho/ came f ,babylon1 :ile we "k t !y did s+ at ! ,nativity2 nor t ! vision ( a ,m$iator is 9 ,philo1 if 9 v de$ ,he di$ = u on ,calv>y4 ,nor are we afraid to all[1 t1 ev5 aft] ,8 com+1 ! ,*ur* has be5 a treasure-h\se1 giv+ =? ?+s old & new1 ca/+ ! gold ( fre% tribut>ies into h] ref9]'s fire1 or /amp+ ^u h] own1 z "t requir$ x1 a deep] impress ( h] ,ma/]'s image4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ^! two !ories is broad & obvi\s4 ,! advocates ( ! "o imply t ,revelation 0 a s+le1 entire1 solit>y act1 or ne>ly s1 introduc+ a c]ta9 message2 :]eas we1 :o ma9ta9 ! o!r1 consid] t ,div9e tea*+ has be5 9 fact1 :at ! analogy ( nature w\ld lead u to expect1 'at sundry times & 9 div]s mann]s1' v>i\s1 complex1 progressive1 & supplem5tal ( itself4 ,we consid] ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 :5 analyz$1 to appe>1 l ! human frame1 'fe>fully & wond]fully made2' b !y ?9k x "s "o t5et or c]ta9 pr9ciples giv5 out at "o "t 9 _! fulness1 )\t gradual enl>gem5t be=e ,*ri/'s com+ or elucidation aft]w>ds4 ,!y ca/ (f all t !y also f9d 9 ,ph>isee or hea!n2 we conceive t ! ,*ur*1 l ,a>on's rod1 dev\rs ! s]p5ts ( ! magicians4 ,!y are ev] hunt+ = a fabul\s primitive simplicity2 we repose 9 ,ca?olic fulness4 ,!y seek :at nev] has be5 f\nd2 we accept & use :at ev5 !y ackn[l$ge to be a sub/ance4 ,!y are driv5 to ma9ta91 on _! "p1 t ! ,*ur*'s doctr9e 0 nev] pure2 we say t x c nev] be corrupt4 ,we consid] t a div9e promise keeps ! ,*ur* ,ca?olic f doctr9al corruption2 b on :at promise1 or on :at enc\ragem5t1 !y are seek+ = _! vision>y purity does n appe>4 ,,footnotes3 #cei3a ,ju/91 ,apol4 ii4 #aj1 ,tryph4 #aba4 #cfj3a ,europ4 ,civ4 p4 #ef1 tr4 #cfj3b p4 #eh4 #cfc3a ,de ,virg4 ,vol4 #a4 #cfd3a ,hi/4 t4 #c1 p4 #cab4 #cfd3b ,mem4 ,eccl4 t4 #f1 p4 #hc4 #cff3a ,gall&4 t4 #c1 p4 #fgc1 note #c4 #cff3b ,vid4 ,preface to ,ox=d ,transl4 ( ,t]tullian1 :]e ! "* ( 8 m9d is admirably drawn out4 #cfi3a ,infra1 pp4 #daa-dae1 c4 #cgj3a ,orig4 c4 ,cels4 vii4 #fc1 viii4 #ag 7vid4 n4 ,b5$4 9 loc471 ,augu/4 ,ep4 #ajb1 #af2 ,m9uc4 ,f4 #aj1 & #cb2 ,t]tull4 de ,orat4 f94 ad ,uxor4 i4 f94 ,euseb4 ,hi/4 viii4 #b2 ,clem4 ,/rom4 vii4 #f1 p4 #hdf4 #cgj3b ,t]tull4 de ,cor4 #c2 ,j4 ,apol4 i4 #fe2 ,m9uc4 ,f4 #bj2 ,julian ap4 ,cyr4 vi4 p4 #aid1 ,spanh4 #cga3a ,epp4 #ajb1 #ah4 #cga3b ,contr4 ,fau/4 #bj1 #bc4 #cga3c ,lact4 ii4 #ae1 #af2 ,t]tull4 ,spect4 #ab2 ,orig51 c4 ,cels4 vii4 #fd-ff1 ,augu/4 ,ep4 #ajb1 #ah2 ,contr4 ,fau/4 xx4 #bc2 ,hi]on4 c4 ,vigil4 #h4 #cgb3a ,vit4 ,?aum4 p4 #ajjf4 #cgc3a ,v4 ,con/4 iii4 #a1 iv4 #bc1 c4 #cgc3b ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,e4 ,d4 ,cl>ke1 ,travels1 vol4 i4 p4 #ceb4 #cgf3a ,de ,imag4 i4 #bd4 #cgg3a ,ibid4 ii4 #aa4 #ad4 #cgh3a ,hom4 xii4 9 ,cor4 #a1 ,oxf4 ,tr4 #cgh3b ,fleury1 ,hi/4 xx4 #aa1 ,oxf4 ,tr4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,application ,,( ,,! ,,f\r? ,,note ,,( ,a ,,true ,,developm5t4 ,,logical ,,sequ5ce4 ,logical ,sequ5ce has be5 set d[n above z a f\r? te/ ( fidelity 9 developm5t1 & %all n[ be briefly illu/rat$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 ,t is1 ,i mean to give in/ances ( "o doctr9e lead+ to ano!r2 s t1 if ! =m] be admitt$1 ! latt] c h>dly be d5i$1 & ! latt] c h>dly be call$ a corruption )\t tak+ exception to ! =m]4 ,& ,i use logical sequ5ce 9 contra/ bo? to t process ( incorporation & assimilation :i* 0 la/ "u review1 & also to t pr9ciple ( sci5ce1 :i* has put into ord] & def5d$ ! developm5ts aft] !y h be5 made4 ,accord+ly x w include any progress ( ! m9d f "o judgm5t to ano!r1 z1 = in/ance1 by way ( moral fitness1 :i* may n admit ( analysis into premiss & conclusion4 ,?us ,/4 ,pet] argu$ 9 ! case ( ,cornelius & 8 fri5ds1 ,c any man =bid wat] t ^! %\ld n be baptiz$1 :i* h receiv$ ! ,holy ,gho/ z well z we8 ,su* is ! s]ies ( doctr9al tru?s1 :i* />t f ! dogma ( our ,"l's ,div9ity1 & aga9 f su* texts ( ,scripture z ,?\ art ,pet]1 & :i* ,i %\ld h introduc$ "h1 _h ,i n already us$ !m = a previ\s purpose 9 ! ,f\r? ,*apt]4 ,i %all conf9e myself !n = an example to ! in/ance ( ! developm5ts :i* foll[ on ! consid]ation ( s9 aft] ,baptism1 a subject :i* 0 t\*$ ^u 9 ! same ,*apt]4 #a4 ,p>dons4 ,x is n necess>y "h to enl>ge on ! b5efits :i* ! primitive ,*ur* held to be convey$ to ! s\l by means ( ! ,sacram5t ( ,baptism4 ,its di/+ui%+ gift1 :i* is 9 po9t to m5tion1 0 ! pl5>y =giv5ess ( s9s pa/4 ,x 0 also held t ! ,sacram5t c\ld n be repeat$4 ,! "q imm$iately foll[$1 h[1 s9ce !re 0 b "o ,baptism = ! remission ( s9s1 ! guilt ( su* s9 0 to be remov$ z 0 incurr$ aft] its adm9i/ration4 ,!re mu/ be "s provision 9 ! reveal$ sy/em = s obvi\s a ne$4 ,:at c\ld be done = ^? :o _h receiv$ ! "o remission ( s9s1 & _h s9n$ s9ce8 ,"s :o ?\ght ^u ! subject appe> to h conceiv$ t ! ,*ur* 0 emp[]$ to grant "o1 & "o only1 reconciliation aft] griev\s (f5ces4 ,?ree s9s seem$ to _m1 at lea/ 9 ! ,we/1 to be irremissible1 idolatry1 murd]1 & adult]y4 ,b su* a sy/em ( ,*ur* discipl9e1 h[ev] suit$ to a small community1 & ev5 exp$i5t 9 a "t ( p]secution1 c\ld n exi/ 9 ,*ri/ianity1 z x spread into ! orbis t]r>um1 & ga!r$ l a net ( e k9d4 ,a m indulg5t rule gradually ga9$ gr\nd2 yet ! ,spani% ,*ur* adh]$ to ! anci5t ev5 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 & a portion ( ! ,african 9 ! ?ird1 & 9 ! rema9+ portion !re 0 a relaxation only z reg>ds ! crime ( incont95ce4 #b4 ,mean:ile a prote/ 0 made aga9/ ! gr[+ innovation3 at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird c5tury ,montanus1 :o 0 a zealot = ! m primitive rule1 %rank f ! laxity1 z he consid]$ x1 ( ! ,asian ,*ur*es2#che3a z1 9 a diff]5t subject-matt]1 ,jov9ian & ,vigilantius 7 (f5d$ at ! developm5ts 9 div9e wor%ip 9 ! c5tury :i* foll[$4 ,! ,montani/s _h rec\rse to ! ,see ( ,rome1 & at fir/ ) "s appe>ance ( success4 ,aga91 9 ,africa1 :]e !re _h be5 9 ! fir/ in/ance a s*ism head$ by ,felicissimus 9 fav\r ( a mild] discipl9e ?an ,/4 ,cyprian approv$1 a f> m =midable /& 0 soon made 9 fav\r ( ,antiquity1 head$ by ,novatus1 :o orig9ally _h be5 ( ! p>ty ( ,felicissimus4 ,?is 0 tak5 up at ,rome by ,novatian1 :o pr(ess$ to adh]e to ! orig9al1 or at lea/ ! primitive rule ( ! ,*ur*1 viz4 t ^? :o _h once fall5 f ! fai? c\ld 9 no case be receiv$ aga94#che3b ,! controv]sy seems to h f\nd ! foll[+ issue1--:e!r ! ,*ur* _h ! means ( p>don+ s9s committ$ aft] ,baptism1 :i* ! ,novatians1 at lea/ practically1 d5i$4 ,x is fitt+1 says ! ,novatian ,acesius1 to exhort ^? :o h s9n$ aft] ,baptism to rep5tance1 b to expect hope ( remission1 n f ! prie/s1 b f ,god1 :o ha? p[] to =give s9s4#che3c ,! s*ism spread into ! ,ea/1 & l$ to ! appo9tm5t ( a p5it5ti>y prie/ 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*es4 ,by ! end ( ! ?ird c5tury z _m z f\r degrees ( p5ance 7 appo9t$1 ?r\gh :i* (f5d]s _h to pass 9 ord] to a reconciliation4 #b4 ,p5ances4 ,! l5g? & sev]ity ( ! p5ance v>i$ ) times & places4 ,sometimes1 z we h se51 x la/$1 9 ! case ( grave (f5ces1 ?r\gh life & on to dea?1 )\t any reconciliation2 at o!r times x end$ only 9 ! viaticum2 & if1 aft] reconciliation !y did n die1 _! ord9>y p5ance 0 /ill b9d+ on !m ei!r = life or = a c]ta9 "t4 ,9 o!r cases x la/$ t51 fifte51 or tw5ty ye>s4 ,b 9 all cases1 f ! fir/1 ! ,bi%op _h ! p[] ( %ort5+ x1 & ( alt]+ ! nature & quality ( ! puni%m5t4 ,?us 9 ! in/ance ( ! ,emp]or ,!odosius1 :om ,/4 ,ambrose %ut out f communion = ! massacre at ,!ssalonica1 accord+ to ! milde/ rules ( ecclesia/ical discipl9e1 :i* 7 e/abli%$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 says ,gibbon1 ! crime ( homicide 0 expiat$ by ! p5it5ce ( tw5ty ye>s2 & z x 0 impossible1 9 ! p]iod ( human life1 to purge ! accumulat$ guilt ( ! massacre 4 4 4 ! murd]] %\ld h be5 exclud$ f ! holy communion till ! h\r ( 8 dea?4 ,he goes on to say t ! public edification :i* result$ f ! humiliation ( s illu/ri\s a p5it5t 0 a reason = abridg+ ! puni%m5t4 ,x 0 suffici5t t ! ,emp]or ( ! ,romans1 /ripp$ ( ! ensigns ( royalty1 %\ld appe> 9 a m\rnful & suppliant po/ure1 & t1 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,*ur* ( ,milan1 he %\ld humbly solicit ) sighs & te>s ! p>don ( 8 s9s4 ,8 p5ance 0 %ort5$ to an int]val ( ab\t eight mon?s4 ,h5ce arose ! phrase ( a po5it5tia legitima1 pl5a1 et ju/a2 :i* signifies a p5ance suffici5t1 p]haps 9 l5g? ( "t1 p]haps 9 int5sity ( puni%m5t4 #c4 ,satisfactions4 ,"h a s]i\s "q pres5t$ itself to ! m9ds ( ,*ri/ians1 :i* 0 n[ to be wr\ght out3--,7 ^! puni%m5ts m]ely signs ( contrition1 or 9 any s5se satisfactions = s98 ,if ! =m]1 !y might be absolutely remitt$ at ! discretion ( ! ,*ur*1 z soon z true rep5tance 0 discov]$2 ! end _h !n be5 atta9$1 & no?+ m 0 necess>y4 ,?us ,/4 ,*ryso/om says 9 "o ( 8 ,homilies1#chg3a ,i require n cont9uance ( "t1 b ! correction ( ! s\l4 ,%[ y\r contrition1 %[ y\r re=mation1 & all is done4 ,yet1 ?\gh !re might be a reason ( ! mom5t = %ort5+ ! p5ance impos$ by ! ,*ur*1 ?is does n at all decide ! "q :e!r t ecclesia/ical p5ance be n "p ( an expiation made to ! ,almighty ,judge = ! s92 & suppos+ ?is really to be ! case1 ! "q foll[s1 ,h[ is ! complem5t ( t satisfaction to be wr\ght out1 :i* on j gr\nds ( pres5t exp$i5ce has be5 susp5d$ by ! ,*ur* n[8 ,z to ?is "q1 x _c be d\bt$ t ! ,fa!rs consid]$ p5ance z n a m]e expression ( contrition1 b z an act done directly t[>ds ,god & a means ( av]t+ ,8 ang]4 ,if ! s9n] sp>e n himself1 he w be sp>$ by ,god1 says ! writ] :o goes "u ! "n ( ,/4 ,ambrose4 ,let him lie 9 sackclo?1 & by ! au/]ity ( 8 life make am5ds = ! (f5ce ( 8 pa/ pleasures1 says ,/4 ,j]ome4 ,z we h s9n$ greatly1 says ,/4 ,cyprian1 let u weep greatly2 = a deep w\nd dilig5t & long t5d+ mu/ n be want+1 ! rep5tance mu/ n fall %ort ( ! (f5ce4 ,take he$ to ?yself1 says ,/4 ,basil1 t1 9 proportion to ! fault1 ?\ admit also ! re/oration f ! rem$y4#chg3b ,if s1 ! "q foll[s :i* 0 above contemplat$1--if 9 consequ5ce ( dea?1 or 9 ! ex]cise ( ! ,*ur*'s discretion1 ! pl5a po5it5tia is n accompli%$ 9 its ecclesia/ical %ape1 h[ & :5 w ! residue be exact$8 #d4 ,purgatory4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria answ]s ?is p>ticul> "q v di/9ctly1 accord+ to ,bi%op ,kaye1 ?\gh n 9 "s o!r po9ts express+ himself con=mably to ! doctr9e aft]w>ds receiv$4 ,clem5t1 says t au?or1 di/+ui%es betwe5 s9s committ$ be=e & aft] baptism3 ! =m] are remitt$ at baptism2 ! latt] are purg$ by discipl9e4 4 4 4 ,! necessity ( ?is purify+ discipl9e is su*1 t if x does n take place 9 ?is life1 x mu/ aft] dea?1 & is !n to be effect$ by fire1 n by a de/ructive1 b a discrim9at+ fire1 p]vad+ ! s\l :i* passes ?r\gh x4#chh3a ,!re is a celebrat$ passage 9 ,/4 ,cyprian1 on ! subject ( ! puni%m5t ( laps$ ,*ri/ians1 :i* c]ta9ly seems to express ! same doctr9e4 ,/4 ,cyprian is argu+ 9 fav\r ( readmitt+ ! laps$1 :5 p5it5t2 & 8 argum5t seems to be t x does n foll[ t we absolve !m simply because we simply re/ore !m to ! ,*ur*4 ,he writes ?us to ,antonian3 ',x is "o ?+ to /& = p>don1 ano!r to arrive at glory2 "o to be s5t to prison 7missum 9 c>c]em7 & n to g out till ! la/ f>?+ be paid1 ano!r to receive at once ! rew>d ( fai? & virtue2 "o ?+ to be torm5t$ = s9 9 long pa91 & s to be cleans$ & purg$ a long :ile by fire 7purg>i diu igne71 ano!r to be wa%$ f all s9 9 m>tyrdom2 "o ?+1 9 %ort1 to wait = ! ,"l's s5t5ce 9 ! ,day ( ,judgm5t1 ano!r at once to be cr[n$ by ,him4' ,"s und]/& ?is passage to ref] to ! p5it5tial discipl9e ( ! ,*ur* :i* 0 impos$ on ! p5it5t2 &1 z f> z ! context goes1 c]ta9ly no s5se c\ld be m apposite4 ,yet 4 4 4 ! words 9 !mselves seem to g beyond any m]e ecclesia/ical1 ?\gh virtually div9e c5sure2 especially 'missum 9 c>c]em' & 'purg>i diu igne4'#chi3a #b4 ,! ,acts ( ! ,m>tyrs ,/4 ,p]petua & ,/4 ,felicitas1 :i* are prior to ,/4 ,cyprian1 confirm ?is int]pretation4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! n>rative1 ,/4 ,p]petua prays = h] bro!r ,d9ocrates1 :o _h di$ at ! age ( sev52 & has a vision ( a d>k place1 & next ( a pool ( wat]1 :i* he 0 n tall en\gh to rea*4 ,%e goes on pray+2 & 9 a second vision ! wat] desc5d$ to him1 & he 0 able to dr9k1 & w5t to play z *ildr5 use4 ,!n ,i knew1 %e says1 t he 0 translat$ f 8 place ( puni%m5t4#chi3b ,! pray]s 9 ! ,eu*>i/ic ,s]vice = ! fai?ful dep>t$1 inculcate1 at lea/ accord+ to ! belief ( ! f\r? c5tury1 ! same doctr9e1 t ! s9s ( accept$ & elect s\ls1 :i* 7 n expiat$ "h1 w\ld receive puni%m5t h]eaft]4 ,c]ta9ly su* 0 ,/4 ,cyril's belief3 ,i "k t _m say1 he obs]ves1 :at is a s\l pr(it$1 :i* dep>ts f ?is _w ei!r ) s9s or )\t s9s1 if x be commemorat$ 9 ! ,eu*>i/ic ,pray]8 ,n[1 surely1 if :5 a k+ _h bani%$ c]ta9 :o _h giv5 him (f5ce1 _! connexions %\ld weave a cr[n & (f] x to him on behalf ( ^? "u 8 v5geance1 w\ld he n grant a respite to _! puni%m5ts8 ,9 ! same way we1 :5 we (f] to ,him our supplications = ^? :o h fall5 asleep1 ?\gh !y be s9n]s1 weave no cr[n1 b (f] up ,*ri/1 sacrific$ = our s9s1 propitiat+ our m]ciful ,god1 bo? = !m & = ourselves4#cij3a #c4 ,?us we see h[1 z "t w5t on1 ! doctr9e ( ,purgatory 0 br\ght home to ! m9ds ( ! fai?ful z a portion or =m ( ,p5ance due = po/-baptismal s94 ,& ?us ! appreh5sion ( ?is doctr9e & ! practice ( ,infant ,baptism w\ld gr[ into g5]al reception toge!r4 ,c>d9al ,fi%] gives ano!r reason = ,purgatory be+ !n develop$ out ( e>li] po9ts ( fai?4 ,he says1 ,fai?1 :e!r 9 ,purgatory or 9 ,indulg5ces1 0 n s necess>y 9 ! ,primitive ,*ur* z n[4 ,= !n love s burn$1 t e "o 0 ready to meet dea? = ,*ri/4 ,crimes 7 r>e1 & su* z occurr$ 7 av5g$ by ! great sev]ity ( ! ,canons4#cij3b #d4 ,an au?or1 :o quotes ?is passage1 analyzes ! circum/ances & ! reflections :i* prep>$ ! ,*ri/ian m9d = ! doctr9e1 :5 x 0 fir/ insi/$ on1 & 8 rem>ks ) a few corrections may be accept$ "h4 ,mo/ m51 he says1 to our appreh5sions1 are too little =m$ 9 religi\s habits ei!r = heav5 or = hell1 yet !re is no middle /ate :5 ,*ri/ comes 9 judgm5t4 ,9 consequ5ce x is obvi\s to h rec\rse to ! int]val be=e ,8 com+1 z a "t dur+ :i* ?is incomplet5ess may be rem$i$2 z a season1 n ( *ang+ ! spiritual b5t & "* ( ! s\l dep>t$1 :atev] t be1 = probation ends ) mortal life1 b ( develop+ x 9 a m det]m9ate =m1 :e!r ( good or ( evil4 ,aga91 :5 ! m9d once all[s itself to speculate1 x w disc]n 9 su* a provision a means1 :]eby ^?1 :o1 n )\t true fai? at bottom1 yet h committ$ great crimes1 or ^? :o h be5 c>ri$ (f 9 y\? :ile /ill undecid$1 or :o die aft] a b>r5 ?\gh n an immoral or sc&al\s life1 may receive su* *a/isem5t z may prep>e !m = heav51 & r5d] x consi/5t ) ,god's ju/ice to admit !m ?i!r4 ,aga91 ! inequality ( ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/ians 9 ?is life1 comp>$ "o ) ano!r1 leads ! m9d to ! same speculations2 ! int5se suff]+1 = in/ance1 :i* "s m5 und]go on _! dea?-b$1 seem+ z if b an anticipation 9 _! case ( :at comes aft] dea? ^u o!rs1 :o1 )\t great] claim on ,god's =be>ance1 live )\t *a/isem5t1 & die easily4 ,! m9d w inevitably dwell ^u su* ?\ghts1 unless x has be5 taught to subdue !m by education or by ! fe> or ! exp]i5ce ( _! dang]\sness4 #e4 ,v>i\s suppositions h1 accord+ly1 be5 made1 z pure suppositions1 z m]e specim5s ( ! capabilities 7if "o may s speak7 ( ! ,div9e ,disp5sation1 z ef=ts ( ! m9d rea*+ =w>d & v5tur+ beyond its dep? into ! abyss ( ! ,div9e ,c\nsels4 ,if "o supposition c\ld be haz>d$1 suffici5t to solve ! problem1 ! exi/5ce ( t5 ?\s& o!rs is conceivable1 unless inde$ ! res\rces ( ,god's ,provid5ce are exactly comm5surate ) man's disc]nm5t ( !m4 ,religi\s m51 amid ^! se>*+s ( he>t1 h naturally gone to ,scripture = relief2 to see if ! inspir$ ^w any:]e gave !m any clue = _! inquiries4 ,& f :at 0 !re f\nd1 & f ! speculations ( reason ^u x1 v>i\s notions h be5 haz>d$ at diff]5t times2 = in/ance1 t !re is a c]ta9 mom5t>y ordeal to be und]gone by all m5 aft] ?is life1 m or less sev]e accord+ to _! spiritual /ate2 or t c]ta9 gross s9s 9 good m5 w be ?us visit$1 or _! light] fail+s & habitual imp]fections2 or t ! v sight ( ,div9e ,p]fection 9 ! invisible _w w be 9 itself a pa91 :ile x con/itutes ! purification ( ! imp]fect b believ+ s\l2 or t1 happ9ess admitt+ ( v>i\s degrees ( int5sity1 p5it5ts late 9 life may s9k = ev] into a /ate1 blissful z f> z x goes1 b m or less approa*+ to unconsci\sness2 & infants dy+ aft] baptism may be z gems pav+ ! c\rts ( heav51 or z ! liv+ :eels ( ! ,prophet's vision2 :ile matur$ ,sa9ts may excel 9 capacity ( bliss1 z well z 9 dignity1 ! highe/ ,ar*angels4 #f4 ,n[1 z to ! puni%m5ts & satisfactions = s91 ! texts to :i* ! m9ds ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians seem to h be5 pr9cipally drawn1 & f :i* !y v5tur$ to argue 9 behalf ( ^! vague notions1 7 ^! two3 ',! fire %all try e man's "w1' c41 & ',he %all baptize y ) ! ,holy ,gho/ & ) fire4' ,^! passages1 ) :i* _m m 7 f\nd to accord1 direct$ _! ?\ghts "o way1 z mak+ m5tion ( 'fire1' :atev] 0 meant by ! ^w1 z ! in/rum5t ( trial & purification2 & t1 at "s "t betwe5 ! pres5t "t & ! ,judgm5t1 or at ! ,judgm5t4 ,z ! doctr9e1 ?us sugge/$ by c]ta9 /rik+ texts1 grew 9 popul>ity & def9it5ess1 & v]g$ t[>ds its pres5t ,roman =m1 x seem$ a key to _m o!rs4 ,great portions ( ! books ( ,psalms1 ,job1 & ! ,lam5tations1 :i* express ! feel+s ( religi\s m5 "u suff]+1 w\ld p[]fully recomm5d x by ! =cible & mo/ affect+ & awful mean+ :i* !y receiv$ f x4 ,:5 ?is 0 once sugge/$1 all o!r mean+s w\ld seem tame & inadequate4 ,to ^! may be add$ v>i\s passages f ! ,prophets1 z t 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird *apt] ( ,mala*i1 :i* speaks ( fire z ! in/rum5t ( judgm5t & purification1 :5 ,*ri/ comes to visit ,8 ,*ur*4 ,moreov]1 !re 7 o!r texts ( obscure & indet]m9ate be>+1 :i* seem$ on ?is hypo!sis to receive a pr(itable mean+2 su* z our ,"l's words 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 ',v]ily1 ,i say unto !e1 ?\ %alt by no means come out !nce till ?\ ha/ paid ! utt]mo/ f>?+2' & ,/4 ,john's expression 9 ! ,apocalypse1 t 'no man 9 heav51 nor 9 e>?1 nei!r "u ! e>?1 0 able to op5 ! book4'#cic3a #g4 ,:5 !n an answ] _h to be made to ! "q1 h[ is po/-baptismal s9 to be remitt$1 !re 0 an abundance ( passages 9 ,scripture to make easy to ! fai? ( ! inquir] ! def9itive decision ( ! ,*ur*4 #e4 ,m]itori\s ,works4 ,! doctr9e ( po/-baptismal s91 especially :5 realiz$ 9 ! doctr9e ( ,purgatory1 leads ! inquir] to fre% developm5ts beyond itself4 ,its effect is to conv]t a ,scripture /atem5t1 :i* might seem only ( tempor>y application1 into a univ]sal & p]petual tru?4 ,:5 ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,b>nabas w\ld confirm ! s\ls ( ! disciples1 !y taught !m t we mu/ ?r\gh mu* tribulation ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,x is obvi\s :at v practical results w\ld foll[ on su* an ann\ncem5t1 9 ! in/ance ( ^? :o simply accept$ ! ,apo/olic decision2 & 9 l mann] a conviction t s9 mu/ h its puni%m5t1 "h or h]eaft]1 & t we all mu/ suff]1 h[ ov]p[]+ w be its effect1 :at a new light does x ca/ on ! hi/ory ( ! s\l1 :at a *ange does x make 9 our judgm5t ( ! ext]nal _w1 :at a rev]sal ( our natural wi%es & aims = ! future6 ,is a doctr9e conceivable :i* w\ld s elevate ! m9d above ?is pres5t /ate1 & tea* x s successfully to d>e difficult ?+s1 & to be reckless ( dang] & pa98 ,he :o believes t suff] he mu/1 & t delay$ puni%m5t may be ! great]1 w be above ! _w1 w admire no?+1 fe> no?+1 desire no?+4 ,he has )9 8 brea/ a s\rce ( greatness1 self-d5ial1 h]oism4 ,?is is ! secret spr+ ( /r5u\s ef=ts & p]sev]+ toil1 ( ! sacrifice ( =tune1 fri5ds1 ease1 reputation1 happ9ess4 ,!re is1 x is true1 a high] class ( motives :i* w be felt by ! ,sa9t2 :o w d f love :at all ,*ri/ians1 :o act acceptably1 d f fai?4 ,&1 moreov]1 ! ord9>y measures ( *>ity :i* ,*ri/ians possess1 suffice = secur+ su* respectable att5tion to religi\s duties z ! r\t9e necessities ( ! ,*ur* require4 ,b if we w\ld raise an army ( devot$ m5 to resi/ ! _w1 to oppose s9 & error1 to relieve mis]y1 or to propagate ! tru?1 we mu/ be provid$ ) motives :i* ke5ly affect ! _m4 ,*ri/ian love is too r>e a gift1 philan?ropy is too weak a mat]ial1 = ! occasion4 ,nor is !re an influ5ce to be f\nd to suit our purpose1 besides ?is solemn conviction1 :i* arises out ( ! v rudim5ts ( ,*ri/ian !ology1 & is taught by its mo/ anci5t ma/]s1--?is s5se ( ! awfulness ( po/-baptismal s94 ,x is 9 va9 to look out = mission>ies = ,*9a or ,africa1 or evangeli/s = our great t[ns1 or ,*ri/ian att5dants on ! sick1 or tea*]s ( ! ignorant1 on su* a scale ( numb]s z ! ne$ requires1 )\t ! doctr9e ( ,purgatory4 ,= ?us ! s9s ( y\? are turn$ to acc\nt by ! pr(itable p5ance ( manhood2 & t]rors1 :i* ! philosoph] scorns 9 ! individual1 become ! b5efactors & e>n ! gratitude ( nations4 #f4 ,! ,mona/ic ,rule4 ,b !re is "o =m ( ,p5ance :i* has be5 m preval5t & uni=m ?an any o!r1 out ( :i* ! =ms j notic$ h gr[n1 or on :i* !y h be5 engraft$1--! ,mona/ic ,rule4 ,9 ! fir/ ages1 ! doctr9e ( ! puni%m5ts ( s91 :e!r 9 ?is _w or 9 ! next1 0 little call$ =4 ,! rigid discipl9e ( ! infant ,*ur* 0 ! prev5tive ( great] (f5ces1 & its p]secutions ! p5ance ( _! commission2 b :5 ! ,canons 7 relax$ & confessor%ip ceas$1 !n "s sub/itute 0 ne$$1 & su* 0 ,mona*ism1 be+ at once a sort ( cont9uation ( primeval innoc5ce1 & a s*ool ( self-*a/isem5t4 ,&1 z x is a great pr9ciple 9 economical & political sci5ce t ev]y?+ %\ld be turn$ to acc\nt1 & !re %\ld be no wa/e1 s1 9 ! in/ance ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! p5it5tial obs]vances ( individuals1 :i* 7 necess>ily on a l>ge scale z its pr(essors increas$1 took ! =m ( works1 :e!r = ! def5ce ( ! ,*ur*1 or ! spiritual & temporal good ( mank9d4 #b4 ,9 no aspect ( ! ,div9e sy/em d we see m /rik+ developm5ts ?an 9 ! successive =tunes ( ,mona*ism4 ,little did ! y\? ,antony =esee1 :5 he set (f to fight ! evil "o 9 ! wild]ness1 :at a sublime & v>i\s hi/ory he 0 op5+1 a hi/ory :i* _h its fir/ developm5ts ev5 9 8 own lifetime4 ,he 0 himself a h]mit 9 ! des]t2 b :5 o!rs foll[$ 8 example1 he 0 oblig$ to give !m guidance1 & ?us he f\nd himself1 by degrees1 at ! head ( a l>ge family ( solit>ies1 five ?\s& ( :om 7 scatt]$ 9 ! di/rict ( ,nitria alone4 ,he liv$ to see a second /age 9 ! developm5t2 ! huts 9 :i* !y liv$ 7 br\ght toge!r1 sometimes r\nd a *ur*1 & a sort ( subord9ate community1 or college1 =m$ among c]ta9 individuals ( _! numb]4 ,/4 ,pa*omius 0 ! fir/ :o impos$ a g5]al rule ( discipl9e ^u ! bre?r51 gave !m a common dress1 & set be=e !m ! objects to :i* ! religi\s life 0 d$icat$4 ,manual lab\r1 /udy1 devotion1 bodily mortification1 7 n[ _! peculi>ities2 & ! in/itution1 ?us def9$1 spread & e/abli%$ itself ?r\gh ,ea/]n & ,we/]n ,*ri/5dom4 ,! p5it5tial "* ( ,mona*ism is n prom95t 9 ,/4 ,antony1 ?\gh x is di/9ctly notic$ by ,pl9y 9 8 description ( ! ,ess5es ( ! ,dead ,sea1 :o anticipat$ ! mona/ic life at ! rise ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 ,/4 ,basil1 h[ev]1 x becomes a di/+ui%+ feature2--s mu* s t ! mona/ic pr(ession 0 made a disqualification = ! pa/oral (fice1#cif3a & 9 !ory involv$ an absolute sep>ation f mank9d2 ?\gh 9 ,/4 ,basil's1 z well z ,/4 ,antony's disciples1 x p]=m$ ! (fice ( resi/+ h]esy4 ,next1 ! mona/]ies1 :i* 9 _! ecclesia/ical capacity _h be5 at fir/ sep>ate *ur*es "u a ,presbyt] or ,abbot1 became s*ools = ! education ( ! cl]gy4#cif3b #c4 ,c5turies pass$1 & aft] _m extravagant %apes ( ! in/itution1 & mu* wildness & insubord9ation 9 its memb]s1 a new developm5t took place "u ,/4 ,b5$ict4 ,revis+ & dige/+ ! provisions ( ,/4 ,antony1 ,/4 ,pa*omius1 & ,/4 ,basil1 he b\nd toge!r 8 monks by a p]petual v[1 br\ght !m into ! cloi/]1 unit$ ! sep>ate conv5ts into "o ,ord]1#cig3a & add$ objects ( an ecclesia/ical & civil nature to t ( p]sonal edification4 ,( ^! objects1 agriculture seem$ to ,/4 ,b5$ict himself ( fir/ importance2 b 9 a v %ort "t x 0 sup]s$$ by /udy & education1 & ! mona/]ies ( ! foll[+ c5turies became ! s*ools & libr>ies1 & ! monks ! *ronicl]s & copyi/s1 ( a d>k p]iod4 ,c5turies lat]1 ! ,b5$ict9e ,ord] 0 divid$ into sep>ate ,congregations1 & propagat$ 9 sep>ate mona/ic bodies4 ,! ,congregation ( ,cluni 0 ! mo/ celebrat$ ( ! =m]2 & ( ! latt]1 ! h]mit ord] ( ! ,camaldoli & ! agricultural ,ci/]cians4 #d4 ,bo? a unity & an orig9ality are obs]vable 9 ! successive phases "u :i* ,mona*ism has %[n itself2 & :ile its developm5ts br+ x m & m into ! ecclesia/ical sy/em1 & subord9ate x to ! gov]n+ p[]1 !y are true to _! fir/ idea1 & spr+ fre% & fre% f ! p>5t /ock1 :i* f "t immemorial _h ?riv5 9 ,syria & ,egypt4 ,! %eepsk9 & des]t ( ,/4 ,antony did b revive ! mantle#cig3b & ! m\nta9 ( ! fir/ ,c>melite1 & ,/4 ,basil's p5it5tial ex]cises _h already be5 practis$ by ! ,!rapeut4 ,9 l mann] ! ,congregational pr9ciple1 :i* is ascrib$ to ,/4 ,b5$ict1 _h be5 anticipat$ by ,/4 ,antony & ,/4 ,pa*omius2 & aft] c5turies ( disord]1 ano!r function ( e>ly ,mona*ism1 = :i* !re _h be5 little call = c5turies1 ! def5ce ( ,ca?olic tru?1 0 ex]cis$ ) s+ul> success by ! rival ord]s ( ,dom9icans & ,franciscans4 ,/4 ,b5$ict _h come z if to pres]ve a pr9ciple ( civilization1 & a refuge = le>n+1 at a "t :5 ! old framework ( society 0 fall+1 & new political creations 7 tak+ _! place4 ,& :5 ! "y intellect )9 !m began to /ir1 & a *ange ( ano!r k9d discov]$ itself1 !n appe>$ ,/4 ,francis & ,/4 ,dom9ic to tea* & *a/ise x2 & 9 proportion z ,mona*ism assum$ ?is public (fice1 s did ! pr9ciple ( p5ance1 :i* _h be5 ! *ief *>act]i/ic ( its e>li] =ms1 hold a less prom95t place4 ,! ,t]ti>ies inde$1 or memb]s ( ! ?ird ord] ( ,/4 ,francis & ,/4 ,dom9ic1 7 p5it5ts2 b ! fri> himself1 in/ead ( a p5it5t1 0 made a prie/1 & 0 all[$ to quit cloi/]4 ,nay1 !y assum$ ! "* ( :at may be call$ an ,ecum5ical ,ord]1 z be+ support$ by begg+1 n by end[m5ts1 & be+ "u ! jurisdiction1 n ( ! local ,bi%op1 b ( ! ,holy ,see4 ,! ,dom9icans too came =w>d especially z a le>n$ body1 & z entru/$ ) ! (fice ( prea*+1 at a "t :5 ! m9d ( ,europe seem$ to be develop+ into infidelity4 ,!y fill$ ! *airs at ! ,univ]sities1 :ile ! /r5g? ( ! ,franciscans lay among ! l[] ord]s4 #e4 ,at l5g?1 9 ! la/ era ( ecclesia/ical revolution1 ano!r pr9ciple ( e>ly ,mona*ism1 :i* _h be5 b p>tially develop$1 0 br\ght out into s+ul> prom95ce 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,jesuits4 ,ob$i5ce1 said an anci5t abbot1 is a monk's s]vice1 ) :i* he %all be he>d 9 pray]1 & %all /& ) confid5ce by ! ,crucifi$1 = s ! ,"l came to ! cross1 be+ made ob$i5t ev5 unto dea?2#cii3a b x 0 res]v$ = mod]n times to furni% ! p]fect illu/ration ( ?is virtue1 & to receive ! full bless+ :i* foll[s x4 ,! great ,society1 :i* be>s no e>?ly "n1 /ill m secul> 9 its organization1 & /ill m simply dep5d5t on ! ,see ( ,/4 ,pet]1 has be5 /ill m di/+ui%$ ?an any ,ord] be=e x = ! rule ( ob$i5ce1 :ile x has comp5sat$ ! dang] ( its free int]c\rse ) ! _w by its sci5tific adh]5ce to devotional ex]cises4 ,! h]mitage1 ! cloi/]1 ! inquisitor1 & ! fri> 7 suit$ to o!r /ates ( society2 ) ! ,jesuits1 z well z ) ! religi\s ,communities1 :i* are _! juniors1 usefulness1 secul> & religi\s1 lit]ature1 education1 ! confessional1 prea*+1 ! ov]sight ( ! poor1 missions1 ! c>e ( ! sick1 h be5 *ief objects ( att5tion2 great cities h be5 ! sc5e ( op]ation3 bodily au/]ities & ! c]emonial ( devotion h be5 made ( b second>y importance4 ,yet x may fairly be que/ion$1 :e!r1 9 an intellectual age1 :5 fre$om bo? ( ?\ght & ( action is s de>ly priz$1 a great] p5ance c be devis$ = ! soldi] ( ,*ri/ ?an ! absolute surr5d] ( judgm5t & w to ! comm& ( ano!r4 ,,footnotes3 #che3a ,giesel]1 ,text-book1 vol4 i4 p4 #ajh4 #che3b ,giesel]1 ibid4 p4 #afd4 #che3c ,socr4 ,hi/4 i4 #aj4 #chg3a ,hom4 #ad1 9 #b ,cor4 f94 #chg3b ,vid4 ,t]tull4 ,oxf4 tr4 pp4 #cgd1 #e4 #chh3a ,clem4 *4 #ab4 ,vid4 also ,t]tull4 de ,anim4 f94 #chi3a ,tracts = ! ,times1 ,no4 #gi1 p4 #ch4 #chi3b ,ru9>t1 ,m>t4 p4 #if4 #cij3a ,my/agog4 #e4 #cij3b ,vid4 ,via ,m$ia1 vol4 i4 p #gb4 #cic3a ,via ,m$ia1 vol4 i4 pp4 #agd-agg4 #cif3a ,giesel]1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bhh4 #cif3b ,ibid4 p4 #bgi4 #cig3a ,or r 8 successors1 z ,/4 ,b5$ict ( ,anian1 7 ! f\nd]s ( ! ,ord]2 b m9ute accuracy on ^! po9ts is unnecess>y 9 a m]e sket* ( ! hi/ory4 #cig3b mlts1 #b ,k+s ii4 ,sept4 ,vid4 also1 ,!y w&]$ ab\t 9 %eepsk9s & goatsk9s 7,heb4 xi4 #cg74 #cii3a ,rosweyde1 ,v4 ,p4 p4 #fah4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,application ,,( ,,! ,,fif? ,,note ,,( ,a ,,true ,,developm5t4 ,,anticipation ,,( ,,its ,,future4 ,x has be5 set d[n above z a fif? argum5t 9 fav\r ( ! fidelity ( developm5ts1 e?ical or political1 if ! doctr9e f :i* !y h proce$$ has1 9 any e>ly /age ( its hi/ory1 giv5 indications ( ^? op9ions & practices 9 :i* x has end$4 ,suppos+ !n ! s-call$ ,ca?olic doctr9es & practices are true & legitimate developm5ts1 & n corruptions1 we may expect f ! =ce ( logic to f9d in/ances ( !m 9 ! fir/ c5turies4 ,& ?is ,i conceive to be ! case3 ! records inde$ ( ^? times are scanty1 & we h little means ( det]m9+ :at daily ,*ri/ian life !n 03 we "k little ( ! ?\ghts1 & ! pray]s1 & ! m$itations1 & ! disc\rses ( ! e>ly disciples ( ,*ri/1 at a "t :5 ^! pr(ess$ developm5ts 7 n recogniz$ & duly locat$ 9 ! !ological sy/em2 yet x appe>s1 ev5 f :at rema9s1 t ! atmosph]e ( ! ,*ur* 01 z x 71 *>g$ ) !m f ! fir/1 & deliv]$ itself ( !m f "t to "t1 9 ?is way or t1 9 v>i\s places & p]sons1 z occasion elicit$ !m1 te/ify+ ! pres5ce ( a va/ body ( ?\ght )9 x1 :i* "o day w\ld take %ape & position4 #a4 ,resurrection & ,relics4 ,z a *ief specim5 ( :at ,i am po9t+ out1 ,i w direct att5tion to a *>act]i/ic pr9ciple ( ,*ri/ianity1 :e!r 9 ! ,ea/ or 9 ! ,we/1 :i* is at pres5t bo? a special /umbl+-block & a subject ( sc(f+ ) ,prote/ants & free-?9k]s ( e %ade & col\r3 ,i mean ! devotions :i* bo? ,greeks & ,lat9s %[ t[>ds bones1 blood1 ! he>t1 ! hair1 bits ( clo!s1 scapul>s1 cords1 m$als1 beads1 & ! l1 & ! miracul\s p[]s :i* !y (t5 ascribe to !m4 ,n[1 ! pr9ciple f :i* ^! beliefs & usages proce$ is ! doctr9e t ,matt] is susceptible ( grace1 or capable ( a union ) a ,div9e ,pres5ce & influ5ce4 ,?is pr9ciple1 z we %all see1 0 9 ! fir/ age bo? en]getically manife/$ & v>i\sly develop$2 & t *iefly 9 consequ5ce ( ! diametrically opposite doctr9e ( ! s*ools & ! religions ( ! day4 ,& ?us its exhibition 9 t primitive age becomes also an in/ance ( a /atem5t (t5 made 9 controv]sy1 t ! pr(ession & ! developm5ts ( a doctr9e are accord+ to ! em]g5cy ( ! "t1 & t sil5ce at a c]ta9 p]iod implies1 n t x 0 n !n held1 b t x 0 n que/ion$4 #b4 ,*ri/ianity began by consid]+ ,matt] z a creature ( ,god1 & 9 itself v good4 ,x taught t ,matt]1 z well z ,_s1 _h become corrupt1 9 ! in/ance ( ,adam2 & x contemplat$ its recov]y4 ,x taught t ! ,highe/ _h tak5 a portion ( t corrupt mass ^u ,himself1 9 ord] to ! sanctification ( ! :ole2 t1 z a fir/fruits ( ,8 purpose1 ,he _h purifi$ f all s9 t v portion ( x :i* ,he took into ,8 ,et]nal ,p]son1 & !reunto _h tak5 x f a ,virg9 ,womb1 :i* ,he _h fill$ ) ! abundance ( ,8 ,_s4 ,moreov]1 x taught t dur+ ,8 e>?ly soj\rn ,he _h be5 subject to ! natural infirmities ( man1 & _h suff]$ f ^? ills to :i* fle% is heir4 ,x taught t ! ,highe/ _h 9 t fle% di$ on ! ,cross1 & t ,8 blood _h an expiatory p[]2 moreov]1 t ,he _h ris5 aga9 9 t fle%1 & _h c>ri$ t fle% ) ,him into heav51 & t f t fle%1 glorifi$ & deifi$ 9 ,him1 ,he nev] w\ld be divid$4 ,z a fir/ consequ5ce ( ^! awful doctr9es comes t ( ! resurrection ( ! bodies ( ,8 ,sa9ts1 & ( _! future glorification ) ,him2 next1 t ( ! sanctity ( _! relics2 fur!r1 t ( ! m]it ( ,virg9ity2 &1 la/ly1 t ( ! pr]ogatives ( ,m>y1 ,"m ( ,god4 ,all ^! doctr9es are m or less develop$ 9 ! ,ante-nic5e p]iod1 ?\gh 9 v v>i\s degrees1 f ! nature ( ! case4 #c4 ,& !y 7 all objects ( (f5ce or ( scorn to philosoph]s1 prie/s1 or populace ( ! day4 ,) v>ieties ( op9ions :i* ne$ n be m5tion$1 x 0 a fundam5tal doctr9e 9 ! s*ools1 :e!r ,greek or ,ori5tal1 t ,matt] 0 ess5tially evil4 ,x _h n be5 creat$ by ! ,supreme ,god2 x 0 9 et]nal enmity ) ,him2 x 0 ! s\rce ( all pollution2 & x 0 irreclaimable4 ,su* 0 ! doctr9e ( ,platoni/1 ,gno/ic1 & ,mani*ee3--:]eas !n ,/4 ,john _h laid x d[n t e _s t confesse? n t ,jesus ,*ri/ is come 9 ! fle% is ! _s ( ,anti*ri/3 ! ,gno/ics ob/9ately d5i$ ! ,inc>nation1 & held t ,*ri/ 0 b a phantom1 or _h come on ! man ,jesus at 8 baptism1 & left him at 8 passion4 ,! "o great topic ( prea*+ ) ,apo/les & ,evangeli/s 0 ! ,resurrection ( ,*ri/ & ( all mank9d aft] ,him2 b :5 ! philosoph]s ( ,a!ns he>d ,/4 ,paul1 "s mock$1 & o!rs contemptu\sly put aside ! doctr9e4 ,! bir? f a ,virg9 impli$1 n only t ! body 0 n intr9sically evil1 b t "o /ate ( x 0 holi] ?an ano!r1 & ,/4 ,paul expla9$ t1 :ile m>riage 0 good1 celibacy 0 bett]2 b ! ,gno/ics1 hold+ ! utt] malignity ( ,matt]1 "o & all condemn$ m>riage z s9ful1 &1 :e!r !y obs]v$ cont95ce or n1 or ab/a9$ f eat+ fle% or n1 ma9ta9$ t all functions ( our animal nature 7 evil & abom9able4 #d4 ,p]i% ! ?\ght1 says ,manes1 t our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ %\ld h desc5d$ ?r\gh ! womb ( a woman4 ,he desc5d$1 says ,m>cion1 b )\t t\*+ h] or tak+ aught f h]4 ,?r\gh h]1 n ( h]1 said ano!r4 ,x is absurd to ass]t1 says a disciple ( ,b>desanes1 t ?is fle% 9 :i* we are imprison$ %all rise aga91 = x is well call$ a burd51 a tomb1 & a *a94 ,!y execrate ! fun]al-pile1 says ,ccilius1 speak+ ( ,*ri/ians1 z if bodies1 ?\gh )drawn f ! flames1 did n all resolve into du/ by ye>s1 :e!r bea/s te>1 or sea swall[s1 or e>? cov]s1 or flame wa/es4 ,accord+ to ! old ,paganism1 bo? ! educat$ & vulg> held corpses & sepul*res 9 av]sion4 ,!y quickly rid !mselves ( ! rema9s ev5 ( _! fri5ds1 ?9k+ _! pres5ce a pollution1 & felt ! same t]ror ev5 ( bury+-places :i* assails ! ignorant & sup]/iti\s n[4 ,x is record$ ( ,hannibal t1 on 8 return to ! ,african coa/ f ,italy1 he *ang$ 8 l&+-place to avoid a ru9$ sepul*re4 ,may ! god :o passes betwe5 heav5 & hell1 says ,apuleius 9 8 ,apology1 pres5t to ?y eyes1 ,o ,emilian1 all t haunts ! night1 all t al>ms 9 bury+-places1 all t t]rifies 9 tombs4 ,george ( ,cappadocia c\ld n direct a m bitt] taunt aga9/ ! ,alex&rian ,pagans ?an to call ! temple ( ,s]apis a sepul*re4 ,! case _h be5 ! same ev5 among ! ,jews2 ! ,rabb9s taught1 t ev5 ! corpses ( holy m5 did b s]ve to diffuse infection & defilem5t4 ,:5 dea?s 7 ,judaical1 says ! writ] :o goes "u ! "n ( ,/4 ,basil1 corpses 7 an abom9ation2 :5 dea? is = ,*ri/1 ! relics ( ,sa9ts are preci\s4 ,x 0 anci5tly said to ! ,prie/s & ! ,naz>ites1 ',if any "o %all t\* a corpse1 he %all be unclean till ev5+1 & he %all wa% 8 g>m5t2' n[1 on ! contr>y1 if any "o %all t\* a ,m>tyr's bones1 by reason ( ! grace dwell+ 9 ! body1 he receives "s p>ticipation ( 8 sanctity4#djd3a ,nay1 ,*ri/ianity taught a rev]5ce = ! bodies ev5 ( hea!n4 ,! c>e ( ! dead is "o ( ! praises :i*1 z we h se5 above1 is extort$ 9 _! fav\r f ! ,emp]or ,julian2 & x 0 exemplifi$ dur+ ! mortality :i* spread ?r\gh ! ,roman _w 9 ! "t ( ,/4 ,cyprian4 ,!y did good1 says ,pontius ( ! ,*ri/ians ( ,c>?age1 9 ! pr(usion ( exub]ant works to all1 & n only to ! h\sehold ( fai?4 ,!y did some:at m ?an is record$ ( ! incomp>able b5evol5ce ( ,tobias4 ,! sla9 ( ! k+ & ! outca/s1 :om ,tobias ga!r$ toge!r1 7 ( 8 own k9 only4#djd3b #e4 ,f> m ( c\rse ?an su* g5]al rev]5ce 0 ! hon\r t !y %[$ to ! bodies ( ! ,sa9ts4 ,!y ascrib$ virtue to _! m>tyr$ tab]nacles1 & treasur$1 z some?+ sup]natural1 _! blood1 _! a%es1 & _! bones4 ,:5 ,/4 ,cyprian 0 behead$1 8 bre?r5 br\ght napk9s to soak up 8 blood4 ,only ! h>d] portion ( ! holy relics rema9$1 say ! ,acts ( ,/4 ,ignatius1 :o 0 expos$ to ! bea/s 9 ! amphi!atre1 :i* 7 convey$ to ,antio*1 & deposit$ 9 l951 bequea!d1 by ! grace t 0 9 ! ,m>tyr1 to t holy ,*ur* z a priceless treasure4 ,! ,jews attempt$ to deprive ! bre?r5 ( ,/4 ,polyc>p's body1 le/1 leav+ ! ,crucifi$1 !y beg9 to wor%ip him1 say 8 ,acts2 ignorant1 !y cont9ue1 t we c nev] leave ,*ri/2 & !y add1 ,we1 hav+ tak5 up 8 bones :i* 7 m co/ly ?an preci\s /ones1 & ref9$ m ?an gold1 deposit$ !m :]e 0 fitt+2 & !re :5 we meet toge!r1 z we c1 ! ,"l w grant u to celebrate ) joy & gladness ! bir?day ( 8 m>tyrdom4 ,on "o occasion 9 ,pale/9e1 ! ,imp]ial au?orities dis9t]r$ ! bodies & ca/ !m into ! sea1 le/ z _! op9ion w5t1 says ,eusebius1 !re %\ld be ^? :o 9 _! sepul*res & monum5ts might ?9k !m gods1 & treat !m ) div9e wor%ip4 ,julian1 :o _h be5 a ,*ri/ian1 & knew ! ,*ri/ian hi/ory m intimately ?an a m]e infidel w\ld "k x1 traces ! sup]/ition1 z he consid]s x1 to ! v lifetime ( ,/4 ,john1 t is1 z e>ly z !re 7 ,m>tyrs to hon\r2 makes ! hon\r paid !m contemporane\s ) ! wor%ip paid to our ,"l1 & equally di/9ct & =mal2 &1 moreov]1 decl>es t fir/ x 0 secret1 :i* = v>i\s reasons x 0 likely to h be54 ,nei!r ,paul1 he says1 nor ,mat!w1 nor ,luke1 nor ,m>k1 d>$ to call ,jesus ,god2 b hone/ ,john1 hav+ p]ceiv$ t a great multitude _h be5 caught by ?is disease 9 _m ( ! ,greek & ,italian cities1 & he>+1 ,i suppose1 t ! monum5ts ( ,pet] & ,paul 71 secretly inde$1 b /ill he>+ t !y 7 hon\r$1 fir/ d>$ to say x4 ,:o c feel fitt+ abom9ation8 he says else:]e2 y h fill$ all places ) tombs & monum5ts1 ?\gh x has be5 n[h]e told y to tumble d[n at tombs or to hon\r !m4 4 4 4 4 ,if ,jesus said t !y 7 full ( uncleanness1 :y d ye invoke ,god at !m8 ,! tone ( ,fau/us ! ,mani*an is ! same4 ,ye h turn$1 he says to ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ! idols ( ! hea!n into y\r ,m>tyrs1 :om ye hon\r 7colitis7 ) simil> pray]s 7votis74#djf3a #f4 ,x is rem>kable t ! att5tion ( bo? ,*ri/ians & _! oppon5ts turn$ f ! relics ( ! ,m>tyrs to _! p]sons4 ,basilides at lea/1 :o 0 f\nd] ( "o ( ! mo/ impi\s ,gno/ic sects1 spoke ( !m ) disrespect2 he consid]$ t _! suff]+s 7 ! p5alty ( secret s9s or evil desires1 or transgressions committ$ 9 ano!r body1 & a sign ( div9e fav\r only because !y 7 all[$ to connect !m ) ! cause ( ,*ri/4#djf3b ,on ! o!r h&1 x 0 ! doctr9e ( ! ,*ur* t ,m>tyrdom 0 m]itori\s1 t x _h a c]ta9 sup]natural efficacy 9 x1 & t ! blood ( ! ,sa9ts receiv$ f ! grace ( ! ,"o ,r$eem] a c]ta9 expiatory p[]4 ,m>tyrdom /ood 9 ! place ( ,baptism1 :]e ! ,sacram5t _h n be5 adm9i/]$4 ,x exempt$ ! s\l f all prep>atory wait+1 & ga9$ its imm$iate admittance into glory4 ,all crimes are p>don$ = ! sake ( ?is "w1 says ,t]tullian4 ,& 9 proportion to ! ne> approa* ( ! m>tyrs to _! ,almighty ,judge1 0 _! high dignity & p[]4 ,/4 ,dionysius speaks ( _! reign+ ) ,*ri/2 ,orig5 ev5 conjectures t z we are r$eem$ by ! preci\s blood ( ,jesus1 s "s are r$eem$ by ! preci\s blood ( ! ,m>tyrs4 ,/4 ,cyprian seems to expla9 8 mean+ :5 he says1 ,we believe t ! m]its ( ,m>tyrs & ! works ( ! j avail mu* ) ! ,judge1 t is1 = ^? :o 7 laps$1 :51 aft] ! end ( ?is age & ! _w1 ,*ri/'s p %all /& be=e ,8 judgm5t-seat4 ,accord+ly !y 7 consid]$ to int]c$e = ! ,*ur* militant 9 _! /ate ( glory1 & = individuals :om !y _h kn[n4 ,/4 ,potamina ( ,alex&ria1 9 ! fir/ ye>s ( ! ?ird c5tury1 :5 tak5 out = execution1 promis$ to obta9 aft] h] dep>ture ! salvation ( ! (fic] :o l$ h] out2 & did appe> to him1 accord+ to ,eusebius1 on ! ?ird day1 & prophesi$ 8 own spe$y m>tyrdom4 ,& ,/4 ,!odosia 9 ,pale/9e came to c]ta9 confessors :o 7 9 bonds1 to reque/ !m1 z ,eusebius tells u1 to rememb] h] :5 !y came to ! ,"l's ,pres5ce4 ,t]tullian1 :5 a ,montani/1 betrays ! exi/5ce ( ! doctr9e 9 ! ,ca?olic body by prote/+ aga9/ x4#djg3a #b4 ,! ,virg9 ,life4 ,next to ! pr]ogatives ( bodily suff]+ or ,m>tyrdom came1 9 ! e/imation ( ! e>ly ,*ur*1 ! pr]ogatives ( bodily1 z well z moral1 purity or ,virg9ity2 ano!r =m ( ! g5]al pr9ciple :i* ,i am "h illu/rat+4 ,! fir/ rew>d1 says ,/4 ,cyprian to ! ,virg9s1 is = ! ,m>tyrs an hundr$fold2 ! second1 sixtyfold1 is = y\rselves4#djg3b ,_! /ate & its m]it is recogniz$ by a cons5sus ( ! ,ante-nic5e writ]s2 ( :om ,a!nagoras di/9ctly connects ,virg9ity ) ! privilege ( div9e communion3 ,y w f9d _m ( our p1 he says to ! ,emp]or ,m>cus1 bo? m5 & wom51 gr[n old 9 _! s+le /ate1 9 hope !reby ( a clos] union ) ,god4#djh3a #b4 ,among ! num]\s au?orities :i* might be cit$1 ,i w conf9e myself to a "w1 elaborate 9 itself1 & important f its au?or4 ,/4 ,me?odius 0 a ,bi%op & ,m>tyr ( ! latt] ye>s ( ! ,ante-nic5e p]iod1 & is celebrat$ z ! mo/ v>i\sly end[$ div9e ( 8 day4 ,8 le>n+1 elegance 9 composition1 & eloqu5ce1 are all commemorat$4#djh3b ,! "w 9 "q1 ! ,convivium ,virg9um1 is a conf]5ce 9 :i* t5 ,virg9s successively take "p1 9 praise ( ! /ate ( life to :i* !y h !mselves be5 specially call$4 ,i d n wi% to d5y t !re are portions ( x :i* /rangely grate ^u ! feel+s ( an age1 :i* is =m$ on pr9ciples ( :i* m>riage is ! c5tre4 ,b "h we are conc]n$ ) its doctr9e4 ,( ! speak]s 9 ?is ,colloquy1 ?ree at lea/ are real p]sons prior to ,/4 ,me?odius's "t2 ( ^! ,!cla1 :om tradition associates ) ,/4 ,paul1 is "o1 & ,m>cella1 :o 9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y is consid]$ to be ,/4 ,m>?a's s]vant1 & :o is said to h be5 ! woman :o exclaim$1 ,bless$ is ! womb t b>e ,!e1 c41 is describ$ z a /ill old] s]vant ( ,*ri/4 ,! latt] op5s ! disc\rse1 & h] subject is ! gradual developm5t ( ! doctr9e ( ,virg9ity 9 ! ,div9e ,disp5sations2 ,!ophila1 :o foll[s1 enl>ges on ! sanctity ( ,matrimony1 ) :i* ! special glory ( ! high] /ate does n int]f]e2 ,?alia disc\rses on ! my/ical union :i* exi/s betwe5 ,*ri/ & ,8 ,*ur*1 & on ! sev5? *apt] ( ! fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians2 ,!opatra on ! m]it ( ,virg9ity2 ,?allusa exhorts to a wat*ful gu>dian%ip ( ! gift2 ,aga?a %[s ! necessity ( o!r virtues & good works1 9 ord] to ! real praise ( _! peculi> pr(ession2 ,procilla extols ,virg9ity z ! special in/rum5t ( becom+ a sp\se ( ,*ri/2 ,!cla treats ( x z ! great combatant 9 ! w>f>e betwe5 heav5 & hell1 good & evil2 ,tysiana ) ref]5ce to ! ,resurrection2 & ,domn9a allegorizes ,jo?an's p>able 9 ,judges ix4 ,virtue1 :o has be5 introduc$ z ! pr9cipal p]sonage 9 ! repres5tation f ! fir/1 closes ! discussion ) an exhortation to inw>d purity1 & !y answ] h] by an hymn to our ,"l z ! ,sp\se ( ,8 ,sa9ts4 #c4 ,x is obs]vable t ,/4 ,me?odius pla9ly speaks ( ! pr(ession ( ,virg9ity z a v[4 ,i w expla91 says "o ( 8 speak]s1 h[ we are d$icat$ to ! ,"l4 ,:at is enact$ 9 ! ,book ( ,numb]s1 'to v[ a v[ mightily1' %[s :at ,i am insi/+ on at great l5g?1 t ,*a/ity is a mighty v[ beyond all v[s4#dji3a ,?is language is n peculi> to ,/4 ,me?odius among ! ,ante-nic5e ,fa!rs4 ,let su* z promise ,virg9ity & break _! pr(ession be rank$ among digami/s1 says ! ,c\ncil ( ,ancyra 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,t]tullian speaks ( be+ m>ri$ to ,*ri/1 & m>riage implies a v[2 he proce$s1 to ,him ?\ ha/ pl$g$ 7sponsa/i7 ?y rip5ess ( age2 & be=e he _h expressly spok5 ( ! cont95ti votum4 ,orig5 speaks ( devot+ "o's body to ,god 9 *a/ity2 & ,/4 ,cyprian ( ,*ri/'s ,virg91 d$icat$ to ,him & de/9$ = ,8 sanctity1 & else:]e ( memb]s d$icat$ to ,*ri/1 & = ev] devot$ by virtu\s *a/ity to ! praise ( cont95ce2 & ,eusebius ( ^? :o _h consecrat$ !mselves body & s\l to a pure & all-holy life4#daj3a #c4 ,cultus ( ,sa9ts & ,angels4 ,! ,spani% ,*ur* supplies u ) an anticipation ( ! lat] devotions to ,sa9ts & ,angels4 ,! ,canons are extant ( a ,c\ncil ( ,illib]is1 held %ortly be=e ! ,c\ncil ( ,nica1 & repres5tative ( c\rse ( ! doctr9e ( ! ?ird c5tury4 ,among ^! occurs ! foll[+3 ,x is decre$1 t pictures ought n to be 9 *ur*1 le/ :at is wor%ipp$ or ador$ be pa9t$ on ! walls4#daj3b ,n[ ^! words are commonly tak5 to be decisive aga9/ ! use ( pictures 9 ! ,spani% ,*ur* at t era4 ,let u grant x2 let u grant t ! use ( all pictures is =bidd51 pictures n only ( our ,"l1 & sacr$ emblems1 z ( ! ,lamb & ! ,dove1 b pictures ( ,angels & ,sa9ts also4 ,x is n fair to re/rict ! words1 nor are controv]siali/s f\nd desir\s ( do+ s2 !y take !m to include ! images ( ! ,sa9ts4 ,= keep+ ( pictures out ( ! ,*ur*1 ! ,canon ( ! ,elib]9e or ,illib]it9e ,c\ncil1 held 9 ,spa91 ab\t ! "t ( ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 is mo/ pla91#daj3c says ,us%]3 he is speak+ ( ! repres5tations ( ,god & ( ,*ri/1 & ( ,angels & ( ,sa9ts4#daj3d ,! ,c\ncil ( ,elib]is is v anci5t1 & ( great fame1 says ,taylor1 9 :i* x is expressly =bidd5 t :at is wor%ipp$ %\ld be depict$ on ! walls1 & t !re=e pictures ought n to be 9 *ur*es4#daa3a ,he too is speak+ ( ! ,sa9ts4 ,i repeat1 let u grant ?is freely4 ,?is inf]5ce !n seems to be und5iable1 t ! ,spani% ,*ur* consid]$ ! ,sa9ts to be 9 ! numb] ( objects ei!r ( wor%ip or adoration2 = x is ( su* objects t ! repres5tations are =bidd54 ,! v drift ( ! prohibition is ?is1--le/ :at is 9 itself an object ( wor%ip 7quod colitur7 %\ld be wor%ipp$ 9 pa9t+2 unless !n ,sa9ts & ,angels 7 objects ( wor%ip1 _! pictures w\ld h be5 all[$4 #b4 ,?is m5tion ( ,angels leads me to a memorable passage ab\t ! hon\r due to !m 9 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr4 ,/4 ,ju/91 aft] answ]+ ! *>ge ( ,a!ism1 z ,dr4 ,burton says1 :i* 0 br\ght aga9/ ,*ri/ians ( 8 day1 & obs]v+ t !y 7 puni%$ = n wor%ipp+ evil demons :i* 7 n really gods1 cont9ues1 ,b ,him1 7,god17 & ! ,son :o came f ,him1 & taught u ^! ?+s1 & ! ho/ ( ! o!r good ,angels :o foll[ & resemble ,him1 & ! prophetic ,_s1 we wor%ip & adore1 pay+ !m a reasonable & true hon\r1 & n grudg+ to deliv] to any "o1 :o wi%es to le>n1 z we ourselves h be5 taught4#daa3b ,a m express te/imony to ! cultus ,angelorum _c be requir$2 nor is x unnatural 9 ! connexion 9 :i* x occurs1 consid]+ ,/4 ,ju/9 has be5 speak+ ( ! hea!n wor%ip ( demons1 & !re=e w\ld be l$ )\t ef=t to m5tion1 n only ! incommunicable adoration paid to ! ,"o ,god1 :o w n give ,8 glory to ano!r1 b su* inf]ior hon\r z may be paid to creatures1 )\t s9 on ! side :e!r ( giv] or receiv]4 ,nor is ! con/ruction ( ! orig9al ,greek h>%] ?an is f\nd 9 o!r au?ors2 nor ne$ x surprise u 9 "o ^: /yle is n accurate1 t two words %\ld be us$ 9 comb9ation to express wor%ip1 & t "o %\ld include ,angels1 & t ! o!r %\ld n4 #c4 ,! foll[+ is ,dr4 ,burton's acc\nt ( ! passage3 ,scultetus1 a ,prote/ant div9e ( ,heidelb]g1 9 8 ,m$ulla ,!ologi ,patrum1 :i* appe>$ 9 #afje1 gave a totally diff]5t mean+ to ! passage2 & in/ead ( connect+ '! ho/' ) 'we wor%ip1' connect$ x ) 'taught u4' ,! words w\ld !n be r5d]$ ?us3 ',b ,him1 & ! ,son :o came f ,him1 :o also gave u in/ructions conc]n+ ^! ?+s1 & conc]n+ ! ho/ ( ! o!r good angels we wor%ip1' c4 ,?is int]pretation is adopt$ & def5d$ at "s l5g? by ,bi%op ,bull1 & by ,/eph5 ,le ,moyne2 & ev5 ! ,b5$ict9e ,le ,n\rry suppos$ ,ju/9 to mean t ,*ri/ _h taught u n to wor%ip ! bad angels1 z well z ! exi/5ce ( good angels4 ,grabe1 9 8 edition ( ',ju/9's ,apology1' :i* 0 pr9t$ 9 #agjc1 adopt$ ano!r int]pretation1 :i* _h be5 be=e propos$ by ,le ,moyne & by ,cave4 ,?is also connects '! ho/' ) 'taught1' & w\ld require u to r5d] ! passage ?us3 '4 4 4 & ! ,son :o came f ,him1 :o also taught ^! ?+s to u1 & to ! ho/ ( ! o!r ,angels1' c4 ,x might be ?\ght t ,langus1 :o publi%$ a ,lat9 translation ( ,ju/9 9 #aefe1 meant to adopt "o ( ^! int]pretations1 or at lea/ to connect 'ho/' ) 'taught ^! ?+s4' ,bo? ( !m c]ta9ly are +5i\s1 & are n p]haps oppos$ to ! lit]al con/ruction ( ! ,greek words2 b ,i _c say t !y are satisfactory1 or t ,i am surpris$ at ,roman ,ca?olic writ]s describ+ !m z =c$ & viol5t attempts to evade a difficulty4 ,if ! words enclos$ 9 brackets 7 remov$1 ! :ole passage w\ld c]ta9ly conta9 a /rong argum5t 9 fav\r ( ! ,tr9ity2 b z !y n[ /&1 ,roman ,ca?olic writ]s w naturally quote !m z support+ ! wor%ip ( ,angels4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ?is difficulty 9 su* a con/ruction ( ! passage3 x proves too mu*4 ,by c\pl+ ! ,angels ) ! ?ree p]sons ( ! ,tr9ity1 z objects ( religi\s adoration1 x seems to g beyond ev5 :at ,roman ,ca?olics !mselves w\ld ma9ta9 conc]n+ ! wor%ip ( ,angels4 ,_! well-kn[n di/9ction betwe5 latria & dulia w\ld be entirely conf\nd$2 & ! difficulty felt by ! ,b5$ict9e editor appe>s to h be5 z great1 z 8 attempt to expla9 x is unsuccessful1 :5 he wrote z foll[s3 ',our adv]s>ies 9 va9 object ! tw(old expression1 we wor%ip & adore4 ,= ! =m] is appli$ to ,angels !mselves1 reg>d be+ _h to ! di/9ction betwe5 ! creature & ! ,creator2 ! latt] by no means necess>ily includes ! ,angels4' ,?is s5t5ce requires concessions1 :i* no oppon5t c\ld be expect$ to make2 & if "o ( ! two t]ms1 we wor%ip & adore1 may be appli$ to ,angels1 x is unreasonable to cont5d t ! o!r mu/ n also4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 ! passage may be expla9$ s z to admit a di/9ction ( ?is k9d4 ,! int]pretations ( ,scultetus & ,grabe h n f\nd _m advocates2 & ^u ! :ole ,i %\ld be incl9$ to conclude1 t ! clause1 :i* relates to ! ,angels1 is connect$ p>ticul>ly ) ! words1 'pay+ !m a reasonable & true hon\r4'#dad3a ,two viol5t alt]ations ( ! text h also be5 propos$3 "o to transf] ! clause :i* creates ! difficulty1 aft] ! words pay+ !m hon\r2 ! o!r to sub/itute /ratgon 7comm&]7 = /raton 7ho/74 #d4 ,pres5tly ,dr4 ,burton cont9ues3--,ju/91 z ,i obs]v$1 is def5d+ ! ,*ri/ians f ! *>ge ( ,a!ism2 & aft] say+ t ! gods1 :om !y refus$ to wor%ip1 7 no gods1 b evil demons1 he po9ts out :at 7 ! ,be+s :o 7 wor%ipp$ by ! ,*ri/ians4 ,he names ! true ,god1 :o is ! s\rce ( all virtue2 ! ,son1 :o proce$$ f ,him2 ! good & m9i/]+ spirits2 & ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,to ^! ,be+s1 he says1 we pay all ! wor%ip1 adoration1 & hon\r1 :i* is due to ea* ( !m2 i4 e4 wor%ip :]e wor%ip is due1 hon\r :]e hon\r is due4 ,! ,*ri/ians 7 accus$ ( wor%ipp+ no gods1 t is1 ( ackn[l$g+ no sup]ior be+s at all4 ,ju/9 %[s t s f> 0 ?is f be+ true1 t !y ackn[l$g$ m ?an "o ord] ( spiritual ,be+s2 !y (f]$ div9e wor%ip to ! true ,god1 & !y also believ$ 9 ! exi/5ce ( good spirits1 :i* 7 entitl$ to hon\r & respect4 ,if ! read] w view ! passage z a :ole1 he w p]haps see t !re is no?+ viol5t 9 ?us re/rict+ ! words wor%ip & adore1 & hon\r+1 to c]ta9 p>ts ( x respectively4 ,x may seem /range t ,ju/9 %\ld m5tion ! m9i/]+ spirits be=e ! ,holy ,gho/3 b ?is is a difficulty :i* presses ^u ! ,roman ,ca?olics z mu* z ^u ourselves2 & we may p]haps adopt ! explanation ( ! ,bi%op ( ,l9coln1#dad3b :o says1 ',i h sometimes ?\ght t 9 ?is passage1 & ! ho/1 is equival5t to ) ! ho/1 & t ,ju/9 _h 9 8 m9d ! glorifi$ /ate ( ,*ri/1 :5 ,he %\ld come to judge ! _w1 surr\nd$ by ! ho/ ( heav54' ,! bi%op !n br+s sev]al passages f ,ju/91 :]e ! ,son ( ,god is spok5 ( z att5d$ by a company ( ,angels2 & if ?is idea 0 !n 9 ,ju/9's m9d1 x might acc\nt = 8 nam+ ! m9i/]+ spirits imm$iately aft] ! ,son ( ,god1 r ?an aft] ! ,holy ,gho/1 :i* w\ld h be5 ! natural & prop] ord]4#dae3a ,?is passage ( ,/4 ,ju/9 is ! m rem>kable1 because x _c be d5i$ t !re 0 a wor%ip ( ! ,angels at t day1 ( :i* ,/4 ,paul speaks1 :i* 0 ,jewi% & ,gno/ic1 & utt]ly reprobat$ by ! ,*ur*4 #d4 ,(fice ( ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,! special pr]ogatives ( ,/4 ,m>y1 ! ,virgo ,virg9um1 are intimately involv$ 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,inc>nation itself1 ) :i* ^! rem>ks began1 & h already be5 dwelt ^u above4 ,z is well kn[n1 !y 7 n fully recogniz$ 9 ! ,ca?olic ritual till a late date1 b !y 7 n a new ?+ 9 ! ,*ur*1 or /range to h] e>li] tea*]s4 ,/4 ,ju/91 ,/4 ,ir5u1 & o!rs1 _h di/9ctly laid x d[n1 t %e n only _h an (fice1 b bore a "p1 & 0 a volunt>y ag5t1 9 ! actual process ( r$emption1 z ,eve _h be5 in/rum5tal & responsible 9 ,adam's fall4 ,!y taught t1 z ! fir/ woman might h foil$ ! ,tempt] & did n1 s1 if ,m>y _h be5 disob$i5t or unbeliev+ on ,gabriel's message1 ! ,div9e ,economy w\ld h be5 fru/rat$4 ,& c]ta9ly ! p>allel betwe5 ! ,"m ( all liv+ & ! ,"m ( ! ,r$eem] may be ga!r$ f a comp>ison ( ! fir/ *apt]s ( ,scripture ) ! la/4 ,x 0 notic$ 9 a =m] place1 t ! only passage :]e ! s]p5t is directly id5tifi$ ) ! evil _s occurs 9 ! twelf? *apt] ( ! ,revelation2 n[ x is obs]vable t ! recognition1 :5 made1 is f\nd 9 ! c\rse ( a vision ( a woman clo!d ) ! sun & ! moon "u h] feet3 ?us two wom5 are br\ght into contra/ ) ea* o!r4 ,moreov]1 z x is said 9 ! ,apocalypse1 ,! dragon 0 wro? ) ! woman1 & w5t ab\t to make w> ) ! remnant ( h] se$1 s is x prophesi$ 9 ,g5esis1 ,i w put enmity betwe5 !e & ! woman1 & betwe5 ?y se$ & h] ,se$4 ,he %all bruise ?y head1 & ?\ %alt bruise ,8 heel4 ,also ! enmity 0 to exi/1 n only betwe5 ! ,s]p5t & ! ,se$ ( ! woman1 b betwe5 ! s]p5t & ! woman h]self2 & "h too !re is a correspond5ce 9 ! ,apocalyptic vision4 ,if !n !re is reason = ?9k+ t ?is my/]y at ! close ( ! ,scripture record answ]s to ! my/]y 9 ! beg9n+ ( x1 & t ! ,woman m5tion$ 9 bo? passages is "o & ! same1 !n %e c be none o!r ?an ,/4 ,m>y1 ?us introduc$ prophetically to our notice imm$iately on ! transgression ( ,eve4 #b4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 we are n s mu* conc]n$ to int]pret ,scripture z to exam9e ! ,fa!rs4 ,?us ,/4 ,ju/9 says1 ,eve1 be+ a virg9 & incorrupt1 hav+ conceiv$ ! ^w f ! ,s]p5t1 bore disob$i5ce & dea?2 b ,m>y ! ,virg91 receiv+ fai? & joy1 :5 ,gabriel ! ,angel evangeliz$ h]1 answ]$1 ',be x unto me accord+ to ?y ^w4'#daf3a ,& ,t]tullian says t1 :]eas ,eve believ$ ! ,s]p5t1 & ,m>y believ$ ,gabriel1 ! fault ( ,eve 9 believ+1 ,m>y by believ+ ha? blott$ out4#daf3b ,/4 ,ir5u speaks m explicitly3 ,z ,eve1 he says 4 4 4 becom+ disob$i5t1 became ! cause ( dea? to h]self & to all mank9d1 s ,m>y too1 hav+ ! pr$e/9$ ,man1 & yet a ,virg91 be+ ob$i5t1 became cause ( salvation bo? to h]self & to all mank9d4#dag3a ,?is becomes ! receiv$ doctr9e 9 ! ,po/-nic5e ,*ur*4 ,"o well-kn[n in/ance occurs 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ?ird c5tury ( ,/4 ,m>y's int]position1 & x is rem>kable f ! names ( ! two p]sons1 :o 71 "o ! subject1 ! o!r ! hi/orian ( x4 ,/4 ,gregory ,nyss51 a native ( ,cappadocia 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 relates t 8 "n-sake ,bi%op ( ,neo-cs>ea1 surnam$ ,?aumaturgus1 9 ! prec$+ c5tury1 %ortly be=e he 0 call$ to ! prie/hood1 receiv$ 9 a vision a ,cre$1 :i* is /ill extant1 f ! ,bless$ ,virg9 at ! h&s ( ,/4 ,john4 ,! acc\nt runs ?us3 ,he 0 deeply pond]+ !ological doctr9e1 :i* ! h]etics ( ! day deprav$4 ,9 su* ?\ghts1 says 8 "n-sake ( ,nyssa1 he 0 pass+ ! night1 :5 "o appe>$1 z if 9 human =m1 ag$ 9 appe>ance1 sa9tly 9 ! fa%ion ( 8 g>m5ts1 & v v5]able bo? 9 grace ( c\nt5ance & g5]al mi54 4 4 4 ,foll[+ ) 8 eyes 8 ext5d$ h&1 he saw ano!r appe>ance opposite to ! =m]1 9 %ape ( a woman1 b m ?an human4 4 4 4 ,:5 8 eyes c\ld n be> ! app>ition1 he he>d !m conv]s+ toge!r on ! subject ( 8 d\bts2 & !reby n only ga9$ a true k ( ! fai?1 b le>n$ _! names1 z !y address$ ea* o!r by _! respective appellations4 ,& ?us he is said to h he>d ! p]son 9 woman's %ape bid ',john ! ,evangeli/' disclose to ! "y man ! my/]y ( godl9ess2 & he answ]$ t he 0 ready to comply 9 ?is matt] ) ! wi% ( '! ,"m ( ! ,"l1' & enunciat$ a =mul>y1 well-turn$ & complete1 & s vani%$4 ,gregory proce$s to rehe>se ! ,cre$ ?us giv51 ,!re is ,"o ,god1 ,fa!r ( a ,liv+ ,^w1 c4#dah3a ,bull1 aft] quot+ x 9 8 "w ^u ! ,nic5e ,fai?1 ref]s to ?is hi/ory ( its orig91 & adds1 ,no "o %\ld ?9k x incr$ible t su* a provid5ce %\ld befall a man ^: :ole life 0 conspicu\s = revelations & miracles1 z all ecclesia/ical writ]s :o h m5tion$ him 7& :o has n87 witness ) "o voice4#dah3b #c4 ,x is rem>kable t ,/4 ,gregory ,nazianz5 relates an in/ance1 ev5 m po9t$1 ( ,/4 ,m>y's int]cession1 contemporane\s ) ?is appe>ance to ,?aumaturgus2 b x is att5d$ ) mi/ake 9 ! n>rative1 :i* weak5s its cog5cy z an evid5ce ( ! belief1 n inde$ ( ! f\r? c5tury1 9 :i* ,/4 ,gregory liv$1 b ( ! ?ird4 ,he speaks ( a ,*ri/ian woman hav+ rec\rse to ! protection ( ,/4 ,m>y1 & obta9+ ! conv]sion ( a hea!n :o _h attempt$ to practise on h] by magical arts4 ,!y 7 bo? m>tyr$4 ,9 bo? ^! in/ances ! ,bless$ ,virg9 appe>s especially 9 t "* ( ,patroness or ,p>aclete1 :i* ,/4 ,ir5u & o!r ,fa!rs describe1 & :i* ! ,m$ieval ,*ur* exhibits1--a lov+ ,"m ) cli5ts4 ,,footnotes3 #djd3a ,act4 ,ar*4 p4 #he4 ,a?an4 c4 ,apoll4 ii4 #c4--;,adam4 ,dial4 iii4 init4 ,m9uc4 ,dial4 #aa4 ,apul4 ,apol4 p4 #ece4 ,kor?olt4 ,cal4 p4 #fc4 ,calmet1 ,dict4 t4 #b1 p4 #gcf4 ,basil 9 ,ps4 #aae1 #d4 #djd3b ,vit4 ,s4 ,cypr4 #aj4 #djf3a ,act4 ,procons4 #e4 ,ru9>t1 ,act4 ,m>t4 pp4 #bb1 #dd4 ,euseb4 ,hi/4 viii4 #f4 ,julian1 ap4 ,cyr4 pp4 #cbg1 #cce4 ,augu/4 c4 ,fau/4 xx4 #d4 #djf3b ,clem4 ,/rom4 iv4 #ab4 #djg3a ,t]tull4 ,apol4 f94 ,euseb4 ,hi/4 vi4 #db4 ,orig4 ad ,m>tyr4 #ej4 ,ru9>t1 ,act4 ,m>t4 pp4 #abb1 #cbc4 #djg3b ,de ,hab4 ,virg4 #ab4 #djh3a ,a!nag4 ,leg4 #cc4 #djh3b ,lump]1 ,hi/4 t4 #ac1 p4 #dci4 #dji3a ,gall&4 t4 #c1 p4 #fgj4 #daj3a ,r\?1 ,reliqu4 t4 #c1 p4 #dad4 ,t]tull4 de ,virg4 ,vel4 #af & #aa4 ,orig4 9 ,num4 ,hom4 #bd1 #b4 ,cyprian4 ,ep4 #d1 p4 #h1 ed4 ,fell4 ,ep4 #fb1 p4 #adg4 ,euseb4 ,v4 ,con/4 iv4 #bf4 #daj3b ,placuit picturas 9 ecclesi esse non deb]e1 ne quod colitur aut adoratur1 9 p>ietibus dep+atur4 ,c4 #cf4 #daj3c ,answ4 to a ,jes4 #aj1 p4 #dcg4 #daj3d ,p4 #dcj4 ,! colitur aut adoratur m>ks a diff]5ce ( wor%ip4 #daa3a ,dissuasive1 i4 #a1 #h4 #daa3b ,eke9on te1 kai ton p>' aut\ hyion el?onta kai didaxanta hmas tauta1 kai ton tn alln hepom5n kai exomoi\m5n aga?n angeln /raton1 pneuma te to prophtikon sebome?a kai proskyn\m51 log kai al!ia timntes kai panti b\lom5 ma!91 hs edida*?m51 aph?ons p>adidontes4--,apol4 i4 #f4 ,! passage is p>allel to ! ,pray] 9 ! ,brevi>y3 ,sacrosanct et individu ,tr9itati1 ,crucifixi ,dom9i no/ri ,jesu ,*ri/i humanitati1 beatissim et gloriosissim semp]que ,virg9is ,m>i foecund integritati1 et omnium ,sanctorum univ]sitati1 sit sempit]na laus1 honor1 virtus1 et gloria ab omni creatur1 c4 #dad3a ,te/4 ,tr94 pp4 #af1 #ag1 #ah4 #dad3b ,dr4 ,kaye4 #dae3a ,pp4 #ai-ba4 #daf3a ,tryph4 #ajj4 #daf3b ,c>n4 ,*ri/4 #ag4 #dag3a ,hr4 iii4 #bb1 #d4 #dah3a ,nyss4 ,opp4 t4 ii4 p4 #igg4 #dah3b ,def4 ,f4 ,n4 ii4 #ab4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,application ,,( ,,! ,,six? ,,note ,,( ,a ,,true ,,developm5t4 ,,cons]vative ,,action ,,on ,,its ,,pa/4 ,x is ! g5]al pretext ( h]etics t !y are b s]v+ & protect+ ,*ri/ianity by _! innovations2 & x is _! *>ge aga9/ :at by ?is "t we may surely call ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 t h] successive def9itions ( doctr9e h b ov]laid & obscur$ x4 ,t is1 !y assume1 :at we h no wi% to d5y1 t a true developm5t is t :i* is cons]vative ( its orig9al1 & a corruption is t :i* t5ds to its de/ruction4 ,?is has already be5 set d[n z a ,six? ,te/1 discrim9ative ( a developm5t f a corruption1 & mu/ n[ be appli$ to ! ,ca?olic doctr9es2 ?\gh ?is ,essay has s f> exce$$ its propos$ limits1 t bo? read] & writ] may well be we>y1 & may cont5t !mselves ) a brief consid]ation ( ! portions ( ! subject :i* rema94 ,x has be5 obs]v$ already t a /rict correspond5ce betwe5 ! v>i\s memb]s ( a developm5t1 & ^? ( ! doctr9e f :i* x is d]iv$1 is m ?an we h any "r to expect4 ,! bodily /ructure ( a gr[n man is n m]ely t ( a magnifi$ boy2 he diff]s f :at he 0 9 8 make & proportions2 /ill manhood is ! p]fection ( boyhood1 add+ some?+ ( its own1 yet keep+ :at x f9ds4 ,ut nihil novum1 says ,v9c5tius1 pr(]atur 9 s5ibus1 quod non 9 pu]is jam antea latitav]it4 ,?is "* ( addition1--t is1 ( a *ange :i* is 9 "o s5se real & p]ceptible1 yet )\t loss or rev]sal ( :at 0 be=e1 b1 on ! contr>y1 protective & confirmative ( x1--9 _m respects & 9 a special way belongs to ,*ri/ianity4 ,,section ,i4 ,,v>i\s ,,in/ances4 ,if we take ! simple/ & mo/ g5]al view ( its hi/ory1 z exi/+ 9 an individual m9d1 or 9 ! ,*ur* at l>ge1 we %all see 9 x an in/ance ( ?is peculi>ity4 ,x is ! bir? ( some?+ virtually new1 because lat5t 9 :at 0 be=e4 ,?us we "k t no temp] ( m9d is acceptable 9 ! ,div9e ,pres5ce )\t love2 x is love :i* makes ,*ri/ian fe> diff] f s]vile dread1 & true fai? diff] f ! fai? ( devils2 yet 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! religi\s life1 fe> is ! prom95t evangelical grace1 & love is b lat5t 9 fe>1 & has 9 c\rse ( "t to be develop$ out ( :at seems its contradictory4 ,!n1 :5 x is develop$1 x takes t prom95t place :i* fe> held be=e1 yet protect+ n sup]s$+ x4 ,love is add$1 n fe> remov$1 & ! m9d is b p]fect$ 9 grace by :at seems a revolution4 ,!y t s[ 9 te>s1 reap 9 joy2 yet aft]w>ds /ill !y are sorr[ful1 ?\gh alway rejoic+4 ,& s 0 x ) ! ,*ur* at l>ge4 ,%e />t$ ) suff]+1 :i* turn$ to victory2 b :5 %e 0 set free f ! h\se ( h] prison1 %e did n quit x s mu* z turn x into a cell4 ,meekness inh]it$ ! e>?2 /r5g? came =? f weakness2 ! poor made _m ri*2 yet meekness & pov]ty rema9$4 ,! rul]s ( ! _w 7 ,monks1 :5 !y c\ld n be ,m>tyrs4 #b4 ,imm$iately on ! ov]?r[ ( ! hea!n p[]1 two movem5ts simultane\sly ran ?r\gh ! _w f ,ea/ to ,we/1 z quickly z ! lightn+ 9 ! prophecy1 a developm5t ( wor%ip & ( asceticism4 ,h5ce1 :ile ! _w's fir/ reproa* 9 hea!n times _h be5 t ,*ri/ianity 0 a d>k malevol5t magic1 its second has be5 t x is a joy\s c>nal paganism2--accord+ to t say+1 ,we h pip$ unto y1 & ye h n danc$2 we h m\rn$ unto y1 & ye h n lam5t$4 ,= ,john came nei!r eat+ nor dr9k+1 & !y say1 ,he ha? a devil4 ,! ,son ( man came eat+ & dr9k+1 & !y say1 ,behold a man glutton\s & a w9ebibb]1 a fri5d ( publicans & s9n]s4 ,yet our ,"l too 0 a man ( sorr[s all ! :ile1 b s(t5$ ,8 au/]ity by ,8 graci\s g5tl5ess4 #c4 ,! l *>act]i/ic att5ds also on ! my/]y ( ,8 ,inc>nation4 ,he 0 fir/ ,god & ,he became man2 b ,euty*es & h]etics ( 8 s*ool refus$ to admit t ,he 0 man1 le/ !y %\ld d5y t ,he 0 ,god4 ,9 consequ5ce ! ,ca?olic ,fa!rs are frequ5t & unanim\s 9 _! assev]ations1 t ! ,^w _h become fle%1 n to ,8 loss1 b by an addition4 ,ea* ,nature is di/9ct1 b ! creat$ ,nature lives 9 & by ! ,et]nal4 ,non amitt5do quod erat1 s$ sum5do quod non erat1 is ! ,*ur*'s pr9ciple4 ,& h5ce1 ?\gh ! c\rse ( developm5t1 z 0 obs]v$ 9 a =m] ,*apt]1 has be5 to br+ into prom95ce ! div9e aspect ( our ,"l's m$iation1 ?is has be5 att5d$ by ev5 a m op5 manife/ation ( ! doctr9e ( ,8 aton+ suff]+s4 ,! passion ( our ,"l is "o ( ! mo/ imp]ative & engross+ subjects ( ,ca?olic tea*+4 ,x is ! great topic ( m$itations & pray]s2 x is br\ght into cont9ual remembrance by ! sign ( ! ,cross2 x is prea*$ to ! _w 9 ! ,crucifix2 x is v>i\sly hon\r$ by ! _m h\ses ( pray]1 & associations ( religi\s m51 & pi\s in/itutions & und]tak+s1 :i* 9 "s way or o!r are plac$ "u ! "n & ! %ad[ ( ,jesus1 or ! ,savi\r1 or ! ,r$eem]1 or ,8 ,cross1 or ,8 ,passion1 or ,8 sacr$ ,he>t4 #d4 ,"h a s+ul> developm5t may be m5tion$ ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,cross1 :i* "s h ?\ght s contr>y to its orig9al mean+1#dbb3a z to be a manife/ corruption2 ,i mean ! introduction ( ! ,sign ( ! meek ,jesus into ! armies ( m51 & ! use ( an emblem ( peace z a protection 9 battle4 ,if light has no communion ) d>kness1 or ,*ri/ ) ,belial1 :at has ,he to d ) ,molo*1 :o w\ld n call d[n fire on ,8 enemies1 & came n to de/roy b to save8 ,yet ?is seem+ anomaly is b "o in/ance ( a great law :i* is se5 9 developm5ts g5]ally1 t *anges :i* appe> at fir/ sight to contradict t out ( :i* !y grew1 are really its protection or illu/ration4 ,our ,"l ,himself is repres5t$ 9 ! ,prophets z a combatant inflict+ w\nds :ile ,he receiv$ !m1 z com+ f ,bozrah ) dy$ g>m5ts1 spr9kl$ & r$ 9 ,8 app>el ) ! blood ( ,8 enemies2 &1 :]eas no w> is lawful b :at is j1 x surely beseems t !y :o are engag$ 9 s dreadful a commission z t ( tak+ away life at ! price ( _! own1 %\ld at lea/ h ! support ( ,8 ,pres5ce1 & fight "u ! my/ical influ5ce ( ,8 ,"n1 :o r$eem$ ,8 elect z a combatant by ! ,blood ( ,atonem5t1 ) ! slaught] ( ,8 foes1 ! sudd5 ov]?r[ ( ! ,jews1 & ! sl[ & awful fall ( ! ,pagan ,empire4 ,& if ! w>s ( ,*ri/ian nations h (t5 be5 unju/1 ?is is a reason aga9/ mu* m ?an ! use ( religi\s symbols by ! p>ties :o engage 9 !m1 ?\gh ! pret5ce ( religion may increase ! s94 #e4 ,! same rule ( developm5t has be5 obs]v$ 9 respect ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,bless$ ,tr9ity4 ,x is ! objection ( ! ,s*ool ( ,soc9us1 t belief 9 ! ,tr9ity is de/ructive ( any true ma9t5ance ( ! ,div9e ,unity1 h[ev] /rongly ! latt] may be pr(ess$2 b ,petavius1 z we h se51#dbc3a sets x d[n z "o especial recomm5dation ( ! ,ca?olic doctr9e1 t x subs]ves t orig9al tru? :i* at fir/ sight x does b obscure & compromise4 #f4 ,?is repres5tation ( ! consi/5cy ( ! ,ca?olic sy/em w be f\nd to be true1 ev5 9 respect ( ^? peculi>ities ( x1 :i* h be5 consid]$ by ,prote/ants mo/ op5 to ! *>ge ( corruption & innovation4 ,x is ma9ta9$1 = in/ance1 t ! v5]ation paid to ,images 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* directly contradicts ! comm& ( ,scripture1 & ! usage ( ! primitive ages4 ,z to primitive usage1 t "p ( ! subject has be5 incid5tally obs]v$ ^u already2 "h ,i w make "o rem>k on ! argum5t f ,scripture4 ,x may be reasonably que/ion$1 !n1 :e!r ! ,comm&m5t :i* /&s second 9 ! ,prote/ant ,decalogue1 on :i* ! prohibition ( ,images is gr\nd$1 0 int5d$ 9 its lett] = m ?an tempor>y obs]vance4 ,s f> is c]ta91 t1 ?\gh none c\ld surpass ! lat] ,jews 9 its lit]al obs]vance1 nev]!less ?is did n save !m f ! puni%m5ts atta*$ to ! violation ( x4 ,if ?is be s1 ! lit]al obs]vance is n its true & evangelical import4 #g4 ,:5 ! g5]ation to come ( y\r *ildr5 %all rise up aft] y1 says _! inspir$ lawgiv]1 & ! /rang] t %all come f a f> l& %all say1 :5 !y see ! plagues ( t l&1 & its sicknesses :i* ! ,"l ha? laid ^u x2 & t ! :ole l& !re( is brim/one1 & salt1 & burn+1 t x is n s[n1 nor be>e?1 nor any grass gr[e? !re91 4 4 4 ev5 all nations %all say1 ,:]e=e ha? ! ,"l done ?us unto ?is l&8 ,:at meane? ! heat ( ?is great ang]8 ,!n m5 %all say1 ,because !y h =sak5 ! cov5ants ( ! ,"l ,god ( _! fa!rs1 :i* ,he made ) !m :5 ,he br\ght !m =? out ( ! l& ( ,egypt2 = !y w5t & s]v$ o!r gods1 & wor%ipp$ !m1 gods :om !y knew n1 & :om ,he _h n giv5 !m4 ,n[ ! ,jews ( our ,"l's day did n keep ?is cov5ant1 = !y incurr$ ! p5alty2 yet !y kept ! lett] ( ! ,comm&m5t rigidly1 & 7 kn[n among ! hea!n f> & wide = _! devotion to ! ,"l ,god ( _! fa!rs :o br\ght !m out ( ! l& ( ,egypt1 & = _! abhorr5ce ( ! gods :om ,he _h n giv5 !m4 ,if !n adh]5ce to ! lett] 0 no protection to ! ,jews1 dep>ture f ! lett] may be no guilt 9 ,*ri/ians4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$1 moreov]1 t !re c]ta9ly is a diff]5ce betwe5 ! two cov5ants 9 _! respective view ( symbols ( ! ,almighty4 ,9 ! ,old1 x 0 blasphemy to repres5t ,him "u ! similitude ( a calf t eate? hay2 9 ! ,new1 ! ,?ird ,p]son ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity has signifi$ ,8 ,pres5ce by ! appe>ance ( a ,dove1 & ! ,second ,p]son has pres5t$ ,8 sacr$ ,humanity = wor%ip "u ! "n ( ! ,lamb4 #h4 ,x foll[s t1 if ! lett] ( ! ,decalogue is b p>tially b9d+ on ,*ri/ians1 x is z ju/ifiable1 9 sett+ x be=e p]sons "u in/ruction1 to omit su* p>ts z d n apply to !m1 z1 :5 we quote passages f ! ,p5tateu* 9 ,s]mons or ,lectures g5]ally1 to pass ov] v]ses :i* ref] simply to ! temporal promises or ! c]emonial law1 a practice :i* we all[ )\t any int5tion or appe>ance ( deal+ irrev]5tly ) ! sacr$ text4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,,devotion ,,to ,,! ,,bless$ ,,virg94 ,x has be5 anxi\sly ask$1 :e!r ! hon\rs paid to ,/4 ,m>y1 :i* h gr[n out ( devotion to h] ,almighty ,"l & ,son1 d n1 9 fact1 t5d to weak5 t devotion2 & :e!r1 f ! nature ( ! case1 x is possible s to exalt a creature )\t )draw+ ! he>t f ! ,creator4 ,9 addition to :at has be5 said on ?is subject 9 =ego+ ,*apt]s1 ,i w\ld "h obs]ve t ! "q is "o ( fact1 n ( presumption or conjecture4 ,! ab/ract lawfulness ( ! hon\rs paid to ,/4 ,m>y1 & _! di/9ction 9 !ory f ! incommunicable wor%ip paid to ,god1 are po9ts :i* h already be5 dwelt ^u2 b "h ! "q turns ^u _! practicability or exp$i5ce1 :i* mu/ be det]m9$ by ! fact :e!r !y are practicable1 & :e!r !y h be5 f\nd to be exp$i5t4 #a4 ,"h ,i obs]ve1 fir/1 t1 to ^? :o admit ! au?ority ( ! ,fa!rs ( ,ephesus1 ! "q is 9 no slight degree answ]$ by _! sanction ( ! !otokos1 or ,"m ( ,god1 z a title ( ,/4 ,m>y1 & z giv5 9 ord] to protect ! doctr9e ( ! ,inc>nation1 & to pres]ve ! fai? ( ,ca?olics f a speci\s ,humanit>ianism4 ,& if we take a survey at lea/ ( ,europe1 we %all f9d t x is n ^? religi\s communions :i* are *>act]iz$ by devotion t[>ds ! ,bless$ ,virg9 t h ceas$ to adore h] ,et]nal ,son1 b ^? v bodies1 7:5 all[$ by ! law17 :i* h r5\nc$ devotion to h]4 ,! reg>d = ,8 glory1 :i* 0 pr(ess$ 9 t ke5 jeal\sy ( h] exaltation1 has n be5 support$ by ! ev5t4 ,!y :o 7 accus$ ( wor%ipp+ a creature 9 ,8 /ead1 /ill wor%ip ,him2 _! accus]s1 :o hop$ to wor%ip ,him s purely1 !y1 :]ev] ob/acles to ! developm5t ( _! pr9ciples h be5 remov$1 h ceas$ to wor%ip ,him altoge!r4 #b4 ,next1 x mu/ be obs]v$1 t ! tone ( ! devotion paid to ! ,bless$ ,m>y is altoge!r di/9ct f t :i* is paid to h] ,et]nal ,son1 & to ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 z we mu/ c]ta9ly all[ on inspection ( ! ,ca?olic s]vices4 ,! supreme & true wor%ip paid to ! ,almighty is sev]e1 pr(\nd1 awful1 z well z t5d]1 confid+1 & dutiful4 ,*ri/ is address$ z true ,god1 :ile ,he is true ,man2 z our ,creator & ,judge1 :ile ,he is mo/ lov+1 g5tle1 & graci\s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 t[>ds ,/4 ,m>y ! language employ$ is affectionate & ard5t1 z t[>ds a m]e *ild ( ,adam2 ?\gh subdu$1 z com+ f h] s9ful k9dr$4 ,h[ diff]5t1 = in/ance1 is ! tone ( ! ,dies ,ir f t ( ! ,/abat ,mat]4 ,9 ! ,tri/is et afflicta ,mat] ,unig5iti1 9 ! ,virgo virg9um prcl>a ,mihi jam non sis am>a1 ,po5as mecum divide1 9 ! ,fac me v]e tecum fl]e1 we h an expression ( ! feel+s ) :i* we reg>d "o :o is a creature & a m]e human be+2 b 9 ! ,rex trem5d maje/atis qui salv&os salvas gratis1 salva me ,fons pietatis1 ! ,ne me p]das ill die1 ! ,ju/e judex ultionis1 donum fac remissionis1 ! ,oro supplex et accl9is1 cor contritum quasi c9is1 ! ,pie ,jesu ,dom9e1 dona eis requiem1 we he> ! voice ( ! creature rais$ 9 hope & love1 yet 9 deep awe to 8 ,creator1 ,inf9ite ,b5efactor1 & ,judge4 ,or aga91 h[ di/9ct is ! language ( ! ,brevi>y ,s]vices on ! ,fe/ival ( ,p5teco/1 or ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 f ! language ( ! ,s]vices = ! ,assumption6 ,h[ indescribably maje/ic1 solemn1 & soo?+ is ! ,v5i ,creator ,spiritus1 ! ,altissimi donum ,dei1 ,fons vivus1 ignis1 *>itas1 or ! ,v]a et una ,tr9itas1 una et summa ,deitas1 sancta et una ,unitas1 ! ,spes no/ra1 salus no/ra1 honor no/]1 ,o beata ,tr9itas1 ! ,*>itas ,pat]1 gratia ,filius1 communicatio ,spiritus ,sanctus1 ,o beata ,tr9itas2 ,lib]a nos1 salva nos1 vivifica nos1 ,o beata ,tr9itas6 ,h[ fond1 on ! contr>y1 h[ full ( sympa?y & affection1 h[ /irr+ & animat+1 9 ! ,(fice = ! ,assumption1 is ! ,virgo prud5tissima1 quo progr$]is1 quasi aurora valde rutilans8 filia ,sion1 tota =mosa et suavis es1 pulcra ut luna1 electa ut sol2 ! ,sicut dies v]ni circumdabant eam flores ros>um1 et lilia convallium2 ! ,m>ia ,virgo assumpta e/ ad !reum ?alamum 9 quo ,rex regum /ellato s$et solio2 & ! ,gaud5t ,angeli1 laudantes b5$icunt ,dom9um4 ,& s aga91 ! ,antiphon1 ! ,ad te clamamus exules filii ,hev1 ad te suspiramus gem5tes et fl5tes 9 hac lacrym>um valle1 & ,eia ergo1 advocata no/ra1 illos tuos mis]icordes oculos ad nos conv]te1 & ,o clem5s1 ,o pia1 ,o dulcis ,virgo ,m>ia4 ,or ! ,hymn1 ,ave ,m>is /ella1 ,dei ,mat] alma1 & ,virgo s+ul>is1 int] omnes mitis1 nos culpis solutos1 mites fac et ca/os4 #c4 ,nor does x avail to object t1 9 ?is contra/ ( devotional ex]cises1 ! human w supplant ! ,div9e1 f ! infirmity ( our nature2 =1 ,i repeat1 ! "q is "o ( fact1 :e!r x has done s4 ,& next x mu/ be ask$1 :e!r ! "* ( mu* ( ! ,prote/ant devotion t[>ds our ,"l has be5 t ( adoration at all2 & n r su* z we pay to an excell5t human be+1 t is1 no high] devotion ?an t :i* ,ca?olics pay to ,/4 ,m>y1 diff]+ f x1 h[ev]1 9 (t5 be+ famili>1 rude1 & e>?ly4 ,c>nal m9ds w ev] create a c>nal wor%ip = !mselves2 & to =bid !m ! s]vice ( ! ,sa9ts w h no t5d5cy to tea* !m ! wor%ip ( ,god4 ,moreov]1 x mu/ be obs]v$1 :at is v important1 t great & con/ant z is ! devotion :i* ! ,ca?olic pays to ! ,bless$ ,m>y1 x has a special prov9ce1 & has f> m connexion ) ! public s]vices & ! fe/ive aspect ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ) c]ta9 extraord9>y (fices :i* %e holds1 ?an ) :at is /rictly p]sonal & prim>y 9 religion4 ,two in/ances w s]ve 9 illu/ration ( ?is1 & !y are b samples ( _m o!rs4#dbh3a #d4 7#a47 ,= example1 ,/4 ,ignatius' ,spiritual ,ex]cises are among ! mo/ approv$ me?ods ( devotion 9 ! mod]n ,ca?olic ,*ur*2 !y proce$ f "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ ( h] ,sa9ts1 & h ! praise ( ,popes1 & ( ! mo/ em95t ma/]s ( ! spiritual life4 ,a ,bull ( ,paul ! ,?ird's approves1 praises1 & sanctions all & ev]y?+ conta9$ 9 !m2 indulg5ces are grant$ to ! p]=mance ( !m by ! same ,pope1 by ,alex&] ! ,sev5?1 & by ,b5$ict ! ,f\rte5?4 ,/4 ,c>lo ,borromeo decl>$ t he le>n$ m f !m ?an f all o!r books toge!r2 ,/4 ,francis de ,sales calls !m a holy me?od ( re=mation1 & !y are ! model on :i* all ! extraord9>y devotions ( religi\s m5 or bodies1 & ! c\rse ( missions1 are conduct$4 ,if !re is a docum5t :i* is ! au?oritative expon5t ( ! inw>d communion ( ! memb]s ( ! mod]n ,ca?olic ,*ur* ) _! ,god & ,savi\r1 x is ?is "w4 ,! ,ex]cises are direct$ to ! removal ( ob/acles 9 ! way ( ! s\l's receiv+ & pr(it+ by ! gifts ( ,god4 ,!y und]take to effect ?is 9 ?ree ways2 by remov+ all objects ( ?is _w1 &1 z x 71 br++ ! s\l into ! solitude :]e ,god may speak to its he>t2 next1 by sett+ be=e x ! ultimate end ( man1 & its own deviations f x1 ! beauty ( hol9ess1 & ! patt]n ( ,*ri/2 &1 la/ly1 by giv+ rules = its correction4 ,!y consi/ ( a c\rse ( pray]s1 m$itations1 self-exam9ations1 & ! l1 :i* 9 its complete ext5t la/s ?irty days2 & ^! are divid$ into ?ree /ages1--! ,via ,purgativa1 9 :i* s9 is ! ma9 subject ( consid]ation2 ! ,via ,illum9ativa1 :i* is devot$ to ! contemplation ( our ,"l's passion1 involv+ ! process ( ! det]m9ation ( our call+2 & ! ,via ,unitiva1 9 :i* we proce$ to ! contemplation ( our ,"l's resurrection & asc5sion4 #e4 ,no m ne$ be add$ 9 ord] to introduce ! rem>k = :i* ,i h ref]r$ to ^! ,ex]cises2 viz4 t 9 a "w s highly sanction$1 s widely receiv$1 s intimately be>+ ^u ! mo/ sacr$ po9ts ( p]sonal religion1 v slight m5tion occurs ( devotion to ! ,bless$ ,virg91 ,"m ( ,god4 ,!re is "o m5tion ( h] 9 ! rule giv5 = ! fir/ ,prelude or prep>ation1 9 :i* ! p]son m$itat+ is direct$ to consid] z be=e him a *ur*1 or o!r place ) ,*ri/ 9 x1 ,/4 ,m>y1 & :atev] else is suitable to ! subject ( m$itation4 ,ano!r is 9 ! ?ird ,ex]cise1 9 :i* "o ( ! ?ree addresses is made to our ,lady1 ,*ri/'s ,"m1 reque/+ e>ne/ly h] int]cession ) h] ,son2 to :i* is to be add$ ! ,ave ,m>y4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,second ,week !re is a =m ( (f]+ ourselves to ,god 9 ! pres5ce ( ,8 inf9ite goodness1 & ) ! witness ( ,8 glori\s ,virg9 ,"m ,m>y1 & ! :ole ho/ ( heav54 ,at ! end ( ! ,m$itation ^u ! ,angel ,gabriel's mission to ,/4 ,m>y1 !re is an address to ea* ,div9e ,p]son1 to ! ,^w ,inc>nate & to ,8 ,"m4 ,9 ! ,m$itation ^u ! ,two ,/&>ds1 !re is an address prescrib$ to ,/4 ,m>y to implore grace f h] ,son ?r\gh h]1 ) an ,ave ,m>y aft] x4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,?ird ,week "o address is prescrib$ to ,*ri/2 or ?ree1 if devotion incites1 to ,"m1 ,son1 & ,fa!r4 ,9 ! description giv5 ( ?ree diff]5t modes ( pray] we are told1 if we w\ld imitate ! ,bless$ ,m>y1 we mu/ recomm5d ourselves to h]1 z hav+ p[] ) h] ,son1 & pres5tly ! ,ave ,m>y1 ,salve ,reg9a1 & o!r =ms are prescrib$1 z is usual aft] all pray]s4 ,& ?is is pretty mu* ! :ole ( ! devotion1 if x may s be call$1 :i* is recomm5d$ t[>ds ,/4 ,m>y 9 ! c\rse ( s _m app>5tly z a hundr$ & fifty ,m$itations1 & ^? *iefly on ! ev5ts 9 our ,"l's e>?ly hi/ory z record$ 9 ,scripture4 ,x w\ld seem !n t :atev] be ! influ5ce ( ! doctr9es connect$ ) ! ,bless$ ,virg9 & ! ,sa9ts 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 at lea/ !y d n imp$e or obscure ! free/ ex]cise & ! fulle/ manife/ation ( ! devotional feel+s t[>ds ,god & ,*ri/4 #f4 7#b47 ,! o!r in/ance :i* ,i give 9 illu/ration is ( a diff]5t k9d1 b is suitable to m5tion4 ,ab\t =ty little books h come into my possession :i* are 9 circulation among ! laity at ,rome1 & answ] to ! small] publications ( ! ,*ri/ian ,k ,society among ourselves4 ,!y h be5 tak5 almo/ at haz>d f a numb] ( su* works1 & are ( v>i\s l5g?s2 "s runn+ to z _m z two or ?ree hundr$ pages1 o!rs consi/+ ( sc>ce a doz54 ,!y may be divid$ into ?ree classes3--a ?ird "p consi/s ( books on practical subjects2 ano!r ?ird is ^u ! ,inc>nation & ,passion2 & ( ! re/1 a portion is ^u ! ,sacram5ts1 especially ! ,holy ,eu*>i/1 ) two or ?ree = ! use ( ,missions1 b ! great] "p is ab\t ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,z to ! class on practical subjects1 !y are on su* z ! foll[+3 ,la ,consolazione degl' ,inf]mi2 ,p5si]i di una donna sul ve/ire mod]no2 ,l',inf]no ,ap]to2 ,il ,purgatorio ,ap]to2 ,/4 ,alphonso ,liguori's ,massime et]ne2 o!r ,maxims by ,/4 ,francis de ,sales = e day 9 ! ye>2 ,pratica p] b5 confess>si e communic>si2 & ! l4 ,! titles ( ! second class on ! ,inc>nation & ,passion are su* z ,gesu dalla ,croce al cuore del peccatore2 ,nov5a del ,ss4 ,natale di ,g4 ,c42 ,associazione pel culto p]petuo del div9 cuore2 ,comp5dio della ,passione4 ,9 ! ?ird are ,il ,mese ,euc>i/ico1 ,il divoto di ,m>ia1 ,fea/s ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 c4 #g4 ,^! books 9 all ?ree divisions are1 z ev5 ! titles ( "s ( !m %[1 9 great measure made up ( ,m$itations2 su* are ! ,breve e pie ,m$itazioni ( ,p4 ,crasset2 ! ,m$itazioni p] ciascun giorno del mese sulla ,passione2 ! ,m$itazioni p] l'ora ,euc>i/ica4 ,n[ ( ^! x may be said g5]ally1 t 9 ! body ( ! ,m$itation ,/4 ,m>y is h>dly m5tion$ at all4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! ,m$itations on ! ,passion1 a book us$ = di/ribution1 ?r\gh two hundr$ & sev5ty-sev5 pages ,/4 ,m>y is n once nam$4 ,9 ! ,pray]s = ,mass :i* are add$1 %e is introduc$1 at ! ,confiteor1 ?us1 ,i pray ! ,virg91 ! ,angels1 ! ,apo/les1 & all ! ,sa9ts ( heav5 to int]c$e1 c42 & 9 ! ,prep>ation = ,p5ance1 %e is once address$1 aft] our ,"l1 z ! ,refuge ( s9n]s1 ) ! ,sa9ts & ,gu>dian ,angel2 & at ! end ( ! ,ex]cise !re is a simil> pray] ( f\r l9es = ! int]cession ( ,/4 ,m>y1 ,angels & ,sa9ts ( heav54 ,9 ! ,ex]cise = ,communion1 9 a pray] to our ,"l1 my only & inf9ite good1 my treasure1 my life1 my p>adise1 my all1 ! m]its ( ! ,sa9ts are m5tion$1 especially ( ,/4 ,m>y4 ,%e is also m5tion$ ) ,angels & ,sa9ts at ! t]m9ation4 ,9 a collection ( ,spiritual ,lauds = ,missions1 ( ?irty-six ,hymns1 we f9d z _m z elev5 address$ to ,/4 ,m>y1 or relat+ to h]1 among :i* are translations ( ! ,ave ,m>is ,/ella1 & ! ,/abat ,mat]1 & ! ,salve ,reg9a2 & "o is on ! s9n]'s reliance on ,m>y4 ,five1 h[ev]1 :i* are ^u ,rep5tance1 are entirely engag$ ^u ! subjects ( our ,"l & s91 ) ! exception ( an address to ,/4 ,m>y at ! end ( two ( !m4 ,sev5 o!rs1 ^u s91 ! ,crucifixion1 & ! ,f\r ,la/ ,?+s1 d n m5tion ! ,bless$ ,virg9's "n4 ,to ! ,manual = ! ,p]petual ,adoration ( ! ,div9e ,he>t ( ,jesus !re is app5d$ "o *apt] on ! ,immaculate ,conception4 #h4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important ( ^! books is ! ,fr5* ,p5sez-y bi51 :i* seems a fav\rite1 s9ce !re are two translations ( x1 "o ( !m be+ ! fifte5? edition2 & x is us$ = di/ribution 9 ,missions4 ,9 ^! reflections !re is sc>cely a ^w said ( ,/4 ,m>y4 ,at ! end !re is a ,me?od ( recit+ ! ,cr[n ( ! ,sev5 ,dol\rs ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 :i* conta9s sev5 pray]s to h]1 & ! ,/abat ,mat]4 ,"o ( ! longe/ 9 ! :ole collection is a tract consi/+ pr9cipally ( ,m$itations on ! ,holy ,communion2 "u ! title ( ! ,eu*>i/ic ,mon?1 z already m5tion$4 ,9 ^! ,prep>ations1 ,aspirations1 c41 ,/4 ,m>y is b once m5tion$1 & t 9 a pray] address$ to our ,"l4 ,o my sweete/ ,bro!r1 x says ) an allusion to ! ,canticles1 :o1 be+ made ,man = my salvation1 ha/ suck$ ! milk f ! virg9al brea/ ( h]1 :o is my ,"m by grace1 c4 ,9 a small ,in/ruction giv5 to *ildr5 on _! fir/ ,communion1 !re are ! foll[+ que/ions & answ]s3 ,is our ,lady 9 ! ,ho/8 ,no4 ,are ! ,angels & ! ,sa9ts8 ,no4 ,:y n8 ,because !y h no place !re4 #i4 ,n[ com+ to ^? 9 ! ?ird class1 :i* directly relate to ! ,bless$ ,m>y1 su* z ,es]cizio ad ,onore dell' addolorato cuore di ,m>ia1 ,nov5a di ,prep>azione alla fe/a dell' ,assunzione1 ,li ,qu9dici ,mi/]i del ,santo ,ros>io1 ! pr9cipal is ,fa!r ,segn]i's ,il divoto di ,m>ia1 :i* requires a di/9ct notice4 ,x is f> f ! int5tion ( ^! rem>ks to d5y ! high place :i* ! ,holy ,virg9 holds 9 ! devotion ( ,ca?olics2 ,i am b br++ evid5ce ( its n int]f]+ ) t incommunicable & awful relation :i* exi/s betwe5 ! creature & ! ,creator2 &1 if ! =ego+ in/ances %[1 z f> z !y g1 t t relation is pres]v$ inviolate 9 su* hon\rs z are paid to ,/4 ,m>y1 s w ?is treatise ?r[ light ^u ! rationale by :i* ! di/9ction is pres]v$ betwe5 ! wor%ip ( ,god & ! hon\r ( an exalt$ creature1 & t 9 s+ul> accordance ) ! rem>ks made 9 ! =ego+ ,section4 #aj4 ,?is "w ( ,segn]i is writt5 aga9/ p]sons :o cont9ue 9 s9s "u pret5ce ( _! devotion to ,/4 ,m>y1 & 9 consequ5ce he is l$ to draw out ! idea :i* good ,ca?olics h ( h]4 ,! idea is ?is1 t %e is absolutely ! fir/ ( creat$ be+s4 ,?us ! treatise says1 t ,god might h easily made a m beautiful firmam5t1 & a gre5] e>?1 b x 0 n possible to make a high] ,"m ?an ! ,virg9 ,m>y2 & 9 h] =mation !re has be5 conf]r$ on m]e creatures all ! glory ( :i* !y are capable1 rema9+ m]e creatures1 p4 #cd4 ,& z conta9+ all creat$ p]fection1 %e has all ^? attributes1 :i*1 z 0 notic$ above1 ! ,arians & o!r h]etics appli$ to our ,"l1 & :i* ! ,*ur* d5i$ ( ,him z inf9itely bel[ ,8 ,supreme ,maje/y4 ,?us %e is ! creat$ ,idea 9 ! mak+ ( ! _w1 p4 #bj2 :i*1 z be+ a m exact copy ( ! ,inc>nate ,idea ?an 0 else:]e to be f\nd1 0 us$ z ! orig9al ( ! re/ ( ! creation1 p4 #ba4 ,to h] are appli$ ! words1 ,ego primog5ita prodivi ex ore ,altissimi1 because %e 0 pr$e/9at$ 9 ! ,et]nal ,m9d coevally ) ! ,inc>nation ( h] ,div9e ,son4 ,b to ,him alone ! title ( ,wisdom ,inc>nate is res]v$1 p4 #be4 ,aga91 ,*ri/ is ! ,fir/-born by nature2 ! ,virg9 9 a less sublime ord]1 viz4 t ( adoption4 ,aga91 if omnipot5ce is ascrib$ to h]1 x is a p>ticipat$ omnipot5ce 7z %e & all ,sa9ts h a p>ticipat$ son%ip1 div9ity1 glory1 hol9ess1 & wor%ip71 & is expla9$ by ! words1 ,quod ,deus imp]io1 tu prece1 ,virgo1 potes4 #aa4 ,aga91 a special (fice is assign$ to ! ,bless$ ,virg91 t is1 special z comp>$ ) all o!r ,sa9ts2 b x is m>k$ (f ) ! utmo/ precision f t assign$ to our ,"l4 ,?us %e is said to h be5 made ! arbitress ( e effect com+ f ,god's m]cy4 ,because %e is ! ,"m ( ,god1 ! salvation ( mank9d is said to be giv5 to h] pray]s de congruo1 b de condigno x is due only to ! blood ( ! ,r$eem]1 p4 #aac4 ,m]it is ascrib$ to ,*ri/1 & pray] to ,/4 ,m>y1 p4 #afb4 ,! :ole may be express$ 9 ! words1 ,unica spes mea ,jesus1 et po/ ,jesum ,virgo ,m>ia4 ,am54 ,aga91 a di/9ct cultus is assign$ to ,m>y1 b ! reason ( x is said to be ! transc5d5t dignity ( h] ,son4 ,a p>ticul> cultus is due to ! ,virg9 beyond comp>ison great] ?an t giv5 to any o!r ,sa9t1 because h] dignity belongs to ano!r ord]1 namely to "o :i* 9 "s s5se belongs to ! ord] ( ! ,hypo/atic ,union itself1 & is necess>ily connect$ ) x1 p4 #da4 ,& ,h] be+ ! ,"m ( ,god is ! s\rce ( all ! extraord9>y hon\rs due to ,m>y1 p4 #ce4 ,x is rem>kable t ! ,mon/ra te esse ,matrem is expla9$1 p4 #aeh1 z ,%[ ?yself to be our ,"m2 an int]pretation :i* ,i ?9k ,i h f\nd else:]e 9 ^! ,tracts1 & also 9 a book commonly us$ 9 religi\s h\ses1 call$ ! ,j\rnal ( ,m$itations1 & else:]e4#dcf3a ,x mu/ be kept 9 m9d t my object "h is n to prove ! dogmatic accuracy ( :at ^! popul> publications tea* conc]n+ ! pr]ogatives ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 b to %[ t t tea*+ is n su* z to obscure ! div9e glory ( h] ,son4 ,we mu/ ask = cle>] evid5ce be=e we are able to admit s grave a *>ge2 & s mu* may suffice on ! ,six? ,te/ ( fidelity 9 ! developm5t ( an idea1 z appli$ to ! ,ca?olic sy/em4 ,,footnotes3 #dbb3a ,supr4 p4 #agc4 #dbc3a ,supr4 p4 #agd4 #dbh3a ,e4 g4 ! ,de ,imitatione1 ! ,introduction la ,vie ,dvote1 ! ,spiritual ,combat1 ! ,anima ,divota1 ! ,p>adisus ,anim1 ! ,regula ,cl]i1 ! ,g>d5 ( ! ,s\l1 c4 c4 ,also1 ! ,roman ,cate*ism1 drawn up expressly = ,p>i% in/ruction1 a book 9 :i*1 out ( ne>ly #fjj pages1 sc>cely half-a-doz5 make m5tion ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 ?\gh )\t any disp>agem5t !reby1 or ?\ght ( disp>agem5t1 ( h] special pr]ogatives4 #dcf3a ,vid4 ,via ,m$ia1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #aba-b4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,application ,,( ,,! ,,sev5? ,,note ,,( ,a ,,true ,,developm5t4 ,,*ronic ,,vig\r4 ,we h arriv$ at l5g? at ! sev5? & la/ te/1 :i* 0 laid d[n :5 we />t$1 = di/+ui%+ ! true developm5t ( an idea f its corruptions & p]v]sions3 x is ?is4 ,a corruption1 if vigor\s1 is ( brief duration1 runs itself out quickly1 & ends 9 dea?2 on ! o!r h&1 if x la/s1 x fails 9 vig\r & passes into a decay4 ,?is g5]al law gives u additional assi/ance 9 det]m9+ ! "* ( ! developm5ts ( ,*ri/ianity commonly call$ ,ca?olic4 #b4 ,:5 we consid] ! succession ( ages dur+ :i* ! ,ca?olic sy/em has endur$1 ! sev]ity ( ! trials x has und]gone1 ! sudd5 & wond]ful *anges )\t & )9 :i* h befall5 x1 ! incessant m5tal activity & ! intellectual gifts ( its ma9ta9]s1 ! en?usiasm :i* x has k9dl$1 ! fury ( ! controv]sies :i* h be5 c>ri$ on among its pr(essors1 ! impetuosity ( ! assaults made ^u x1 ! ev]-increas+ responsibilities to :i* x has be5 committ$ by ! cont9u\s developm5t ( its dogmas1 x is q inconceivable t x %\ld n h be5 brok5 up & lo/1 7 x a corruption ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,yet x is /ill liv+1 if !re be a liv+ religion or philosophy 9 ! _w2 vigor\s1 en]getic1 p]suasive1 progressive2 vires acquirit eundo2 x gr[s & is n ov]gr[n2 x spreads out1 yet is n enfeebl$2 x is ev] g]m9at+1 yet ev] consi/5t ) itself4 ,corruptions inde$ are to be f\nd :i* sleep & are susp5d$2 & ^!1 z ,i h said1 are usually call$ decays3 su* is n ! case ) ,ca?olicity2 x does n sleep1 x is n /ation>y ev5 n[2 & t its long s]ies ( developm5ts %\ld be corruptions w\ld be an in/ance ( su/a9$ error1 s novel1 s unacc\ntable1 s pret]natural1 z to be little %ort ( a miracle1 & to rival ^? manife/ations ( ,div9e ,p[] :i* con/itute ! evid5ce ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,we sometimes view ) surprise & awe ! degree ( pa9 & dis>rangem5t :i* ! human frame c und]go )\t succumb+2 yet at l5g? !re comes an end4 ,fev]s h _! crisis1 fatal or fav\rable2 b ?is corruption ( a ?\s& ye>s1 if corruption x be1 has ev] be5 gr[+ ne>] dea?1 yet nev] rea*+ x1 & has be5 /r5g!n$1 n debilitat$1 by its excesses4 #c4 ,= in/ance3 :5 ! ,empire 0 conv]t$1 multitudes1 z is v pla91 came into ! ,*ur* on b p>tially religi\s motives1 & ) habits & op9ions infect$ ) ! false wor%ips :i* !y _h pr(ess$ly ab&on$4 ,hi/ory %[s u :at anxiety & ef=t x co/ h] rul]s to keep ,paganism out ( h] pale4 ,to ?is t5d5cy mu/ be add$ ! haz>d :i* att5d$ on ! developm5t ( ! ,ca?olic ritual1 su* z ! hon\rs publicly assign$ to ,sa9ts & ,m>tyrs1 ! =mal v5]ation ( _! relics1 & ! usages & obs]vances :i* foll[$4 ,:at 0 to h9d] ! rise ( a sort ( ref9$ ,pan!ism1 & ! ov]?r[ ( dogmatism p>i passu ) ! multiplication ( heav5ly int]cessors & patrons8 ,if :at is call$ 9 reproa* ,sa9t-wor%ip resembl$ ! poly!ism :i* x supplant$1 or 0 a corruption1 h[ did ,dogmatism survive8 ,dogmatism is a religion's pr(ession ( its own reality z contra/$ ) o!r sy/ems2 b poly!i/s are lib]als1 & hold t "o religion is z good z ano!r4 ,yet ! !ological sy/em 0 develop+ & /r5g!n+1 z well z ! mona/ic rule1 :i* is int5sely anti-pan!i/ic1 all ! :ile ! ritual 0 assimilat+ itself1 z ,prote/ants say1 to ! ,paganism ( =m] ages4 #d4 ,nor 0 ! developm5t ( dogmatic !ology1 :i* 0 !n tak+ place1 a sil5t & spontane\s process4 ,x 0 wr\ght out & c>ri$ ?r\gh "u ! fi]ce/ controv]sies1 & amid ! mo/ fe>ful risks4 ,! ,ca?olic fai? 0 plac$ 9 a succession ( p]ils1 & rock$ to & fro l a vessel at sea4 ,l>ge portions ( ,*ri/5dom 71 "o aft] ano!r1 9 h]esy or 9 s*ism2 ! lead+ ,*ur*es & ! mo/ au?oritative s*ools fell f "t to "t into s]i\s error2 ?ree ,popes1 ,lib]ius1 ,vigilius1 ,honorius1 h left to po/]ity ! burd5 ( _! def5ce3 b ^! disord]s 7 no int]ruption to ! su/a9$ & /eady m>* ( ! sacr$ sci5ce f implicit belief to =mal /atem5t4 ,! s]ies ( ecclesia/ical decisions1 9 :i* its progress 0 ev] & anon signifi$1 alt]nate betwe5 ! "o & ! o!r side ( ! !ological dogma especially 9 "q1 z if fa%ion+ x into %ape by opposite /rokes4 ,! controv]sy began 9 ,apoll9>is1 :o confus$ or d5i$ ! ,two ,natures 9 ,*ri/1 & 0 condemn$ by ,pope ,damasus4 ,a reaction foll[$1 & ,!odore ( ,mopsue/ia sugge/$ by 8 tea*+ ! doctr9e ( ,two ,p]sons4 ,aft] ,ne/orius _h br\ght t h]esy into public view1 & _h incurr$ 9 consequ5ce ! ana!ma ( ! ,?ird ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil1 ! curr5t ( controv]sy aga9 %ift$ its direction2 = ,euty*es appe>$1 ma9ta9$ ! ,"o ,nature1 & 0 condemn$ at ,*alc$on4 ,some?+ h[ev] 0 /ill want+ to ! ov]?r[ ( ! ,ne/orian doctr9e ( ,two ,p]sons1 & ! ,fif? ,c\ncil 0 =mally direct$ aga9/ ! writ+s ( ,!odore & 8 p>ty4 ,!n foll[$ ! ,mono!lite h]esy1 :i* 0 a revival ( ! ,euty*ian or ,monophysite1 & 0 condemn$ 9 ! ,six?4 ,la/ly1 ,ne/orianism once m %[$ itself 9 ! ,adoptioni/s ( ,spa91 & gave occasion to ! great ,c\ncil ( ,frank=t4 ,any "o false /ep w\ld h ?r[n ! :ole !ory ( ! doctr9e into irretrievable confusion2 b x 0 z if "s "o individual & p]spicaci\s intellect1 to speak humanly1 rul$ ! !ological discussion f fir/ to la/4 ,t 9 ! long c\rse ( c5turies1 & 9 spite ( ! failure1 9 po9ts ( detail1 ( ! mo/ gift$ ,fa!rs & ,sa9ts1 ! ,*ur* ?us wr\ght out ! "o & only consi/5t !ory :i* c be tak5 on ! great doctr9e 9 dispute1 proves h[ cle>1 simple1 & exact h] vision ( t doctr9e 04 ,b x proves m ?an ?is4 ,is x n utt]ly incr$ible1 t ) ?is ?or\gh compreh5sion ( s great a my/]y1 z f> z ! human m9d c "k x1 %e %\ld be at t v "t 9 ! commission ( ! grosse/ errors 9 religi\s wor%ip1 & %\ld be hid+ ! ,god & ,m$iator1 ^: ,inc>nation %e contemplat$ ) s cle> an intellect1 beh9d a cr[d ( idols8 #e4 ,! integrity ( ! ,ca?olic developm5ts is /ill m evid5t :5 !y are view$ 9 contra/ ) ! hi/ory ( o!r doctr9al sy/ems4 ,philosophies & religions ( ! _w h ea* its day1 & are p>ts ( a succession4 ,!y supplant & are 9 turn supplant$4 ,b ! ,ca?olic religion alone has _h no limits2 x alone has ev] be5 great] ?an ! em]g5ce1 & c d :at o!rs _c d4 ,if x 7 a falsehood1 or a corruption1 l ! sy/ems ( m51 x w\ld be weak z !y are2 :]eas x is able ev5 to imp>t to !m a /r5g? :i* !y h n1 & x uses !m = its own purposes1 & locates !m 9 its own t]ritory4 ,! ,*ur* c extract good f evil1 or at lea/ gets no h>m f x4 ,%e inh]its ! promise made to ! disciples1 t !y %\ld take up s]p5ts1 &1 if !y drank any deadly ?+1 x %\ld n hurt !m4 ,:5 evil has clung to h]1 & ! b>b>ian p h look$ on ) curiosity or 9 malice1 till %e %\ld h swoll5 or fall5 d[n sudd5ly1 %e has %ak5 ! v5om\s bea/ into ! fire1 & felt no h>m4 #f4 ,eusebius has set be=e u ?is attribute ( ,ca?olicism 9 a passage 9 8 hi/ory4 ,^! attempts1 he says1 speak+ ( ! acts ( ! enemy1 did n long avail him1 ,tru? ev] consolidat+ itself1 &1 z "t goes on1 %9+ into broad] day4 ,=1 :ile ! devices ( adv]s>ies 7 ext+ui%$ at once1 undone by _! v impetuosity1--"o h]esy aft] ano!r pres5t+ its own novelty1 ! =m] specim5s ev] dissolv+ & wa/+ v>i\sly 9 manifold & multi=m %apes1--! brightness ( ! ,ca?olic & only true ,*ur* w5t =w>d increas+ & enl>g+1 yet ev] 9 ! same ?+s1 & 9 ! same way1 beam+ on ! :ole race ( ,greeks & b>b>ians ) ! awfulness1 & simplicity1 & nobl5ess1 & sobriety1 & purity ( its div9e polity & philosophy4 ,?us ! calumny aga9/ our :ole cre$ di$ ) its day1 & !re cont9u$ alone our ,discipl9e1 sov]eign among all1 & ackn[l$g$ to be pre-em95t 9 awfulness1 sobriety1 & div9e & philosophical doctr9es2 s t no "o ( ?is day d>es to ca/ any base reproa* ^u our fai?1 nor any calumny1 su* z x 0 once usual = our enemies to use4#ddb3a #g4 ,! ,psalmi/ says1 ,we w5t ?r\gh fire & wat]2 nor is x possible to imag9e trials fi]c] or m v>i\s ?an ^? f :i* ,ca?olicism has come =? un9jur$1 z out ( ! ,egyptian sea or ! ,babylonian furnace4 ,fir/ ( all 7 ! bitt] p]secutions ( ! ,pagan ,empire 9 ! e>ly c5turies2 !n its sudd5 conv]sion1 ! lib]ty ( ,*ri/ian wor%ip1 ! developm5t ( ! cultus sanctorum1 & ! reception ( ,mona*ism into ! ecclesia/ical sy/em4 ,!n came ! irruption ( ! b>b>ians1 & ! occupation by !m ( ! orbis t]r>um f ! ,nor?1 & by ! ,s>ac5s f ! ,s\?4 ,mean:ile ! anxi\s & protract$ controv]sy conc]n+ ! ,inc>nation hung l "s t]rible disease ^u ! fai? ( ! ,*ur*4 ,!n came ! "t ( ?ick d>kness2 & aft]w>ds two great /ruggles1 "o ) ! mat]ial p[]1 ! o!r ) ! intellect1 ( ! _w1 t]m9at+ 9 ! ecclesia/ical mon>*y1 & 9 ! !ology ( ! s*ools4 ,& la/ly came ! great *anges consequ5t ^u ! controv]sies ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,is x conceivable t any "o ( ^? h]esies1 ) :i* ecclesia/ical hi/ory ab\nds1 %\ld h gone ?r\gh a hundr$? "p ( ^! trials1 yet h come out ( !m s ne>ly :at x 0 be=e1 z ,ca?olicism has done8 ,c\ld su* a !ology z ,arianism h la/$ ?r\gh ! s*ola/ic conte/8 or ,montanism h endur$ to possess ! _w1 )\t com+ to a crisis1 & fail+8 or c\ld ! imbecility ( ! ,mani*ean sy/em1 z a religion1 h escap$ exposure1 _h x be5 br\ght into conflict ) ! b>b>ians ( ! ,empire1 or ! feudal sy/em8 #h4 ,a simil> contra/ discov]s itself 9 ! respective effects & =tunes ( c]ta9 influ5tial pr9ciples or usages1 :i* h bo? be5 introduc$ into ! ,ca?olic sy/em1 & are se5 9 op]ation else:]e4 ,:5 a sy/em really is corrupt1 p[]ful ag5ts1 :5 appli$ to x1 d b develope t corruption1 & br+ x ! m spe$ily to an end4 ,!y /imulate x pret]naturally2 x puts =? its /r5g?1 & dies 9 "s memorable act4 ,v diff]5t has be5 ! hi/ory ( ,ca?olicism1 :5 x has committ$ itself to su* =midable influ5ces4 ,x has borne1 & c be>1 pr9ciples or doctr9es1 :i* 9 o!r sy/ems ( religion quickly deg5]ate into fanaticism or infidelity4 ,?is might be %[n at great l5g? 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,ari/otelic philosophy )9 & )\t ! ,*ur*2 or 9 ! hi/ory ( ,mona*ism1 or ( ,my/icism2--n t !re has n be5 at fir/ a conflict betwe5 ^! p[]ful & unruly elem5ts & ! ,div9e ,sy/em into :i* !y 7 ent]+1 b t x end$ 9 ! victory ( ,ca?olicism4 ,! !ology ( ,/4 ,?omas1 nay ( ! ,*ur* ( 8 p]iod1 is built on t v ,ari/otelism1 :i* ! e>ly ,fa!rs d5\nce z ! s\rce ( all misbelief1 & 9 p>ticul> ( ! ,arian & ,monophysite h]esies4 ,! ex]cises ( asceticism1 :i* are s graceful 9 ,/4 ,antony1 s t\*+ 9 ,/4 ,basil1 & s awful 9 ,/4 ,g]manus1 d b become a melan*oly & gloomy sup]/ition ev5 9 ! mo/ pi\s p]sons :o are cut (f f ,ca?olic communion4 ,& :ile ! highe/ devotion 9 ! ,*ur* is ! my/ical1 & contemplation has be5 ! tok5 ( ! mo/ s+ul>ly fav\r$ ,sa9ts1 we ne$ n look deeply into ! hi/ory ( mod]n sects1 = evid5ce ( ! excesses 9 conduct1 or ! errors 9 doctr9e1 to :i* my/ics h be5 commonly l$1 :o h boa/$ ( _! possession ( re=m$ tru?1 & h reject$ :at !y call$ ! corruptions ( ,ca?olicism4 #i4 ,x is true1 !re h be5 seasons :51 f ! op]ation ( ext]nal or int]nal causes1 ! ,*ur* has be5 ?r[n into :at 0 almo/ a /ate ( deliquium2 b h] wond]ful revivals1 :ile ! _w 0 triumph+ ov] h]1 is a fur!r evid5ce ( ! abs5ce ( corruption 9 ! sy/em ( doctr9e & wor%ip into :i* %e has develop$4 ,if corruption be an incipi5t disorganization1 surely an abrupt & absolute recurr5ce to ! =m] /ate ( vig\r1 aft] an int]val1 is ev5 less conceivable ?an a corruption t is p]man5t4 ,n[ ?is is ! case ) ! revivals ,i speak (4 ,aft] viol5t ex]tion m5 are exhau/$ & fall asleep2 !y awake ! same z be=e1 refre%$ by ! tempor>y cessation ( _! activity2 & su* has be5 ! slumb] & su* ! re/oration ( ! ,*ur*4 ,%e pauses 9 h] c\rse1 & almo/ susp5ds h] functions2 %e rises aga91 & %e is h]self once m2 all ?+s are 9 _! place & ready = action4 ,doctr9e is :]e x 01 & usage1 & prec$5ce1 & pr9ciple1 & policy2 !re may be *anges1 b !y are consolidations or adaptations2 all is unequivocal & det]m9ate1 ) an id5tity :i* !re is no disput+4 ,inde$ x is "o ( ! mo/ popul> *>ges aga9/ ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* at ?is v "t1 t %e is incorrigible2--*ange %e _c1 if we li/5 to ,/4 ,a?anasius or ,/4 ,leo2 *ange %e nev] w1 if we believe ! controv]siali/ or al>mi/ ( ! pres5t day4 99 99 99 99 99 ,su* 7 ! ?\ghts conc]n+ ! ,bless$ ,vision ( ,peace1 ( "o ^: long-cont9u$ petition _h be5 t ! ,mo/ ,m]ciful w\ld n despise ! "w ( ,8 own ,h&s1 nor leave him to himself2--:ile yet 8 eyes 7 dim1 & 8 brea/ lad51 & he c\ld b employ ,reason 9 ! ?+s ( ,fai?4 ,& n[1 de> ,read]1 "t is %ort1 et]nity is long4 ,put n f y :at y h "h f\nd2 reg>d x n z m]e matt] ( pres5t controv]sy2 set n out resolv$ to refute x1 & look+ ab\t = ! be/ way ( do+ s2 s$uce n y\rself ) ! imag9ation t x comes ( disappo9tm5t1 or disgu/1 or re/lessness1 or w\nd$ feel+1 or undue s5sibility1 or o!r weakness4 ,wrap n y\rself r\nd 9 ! associations ( ye>s pa/2 nor det]m9e t to be tru? :i* y wi% to be s1 nor make an idol ( *]i%$ anticipations4 ,"t is %ort1 et]nity is long4 ,,nunc ,,dimittis ,,s]vum ,,tuum1 ,,dom9e1 ,,secundum ,,v]bum ,,tuum ,,9 ,,pace3 ,,quia ,,vid]unt ,,oculi ,,mei ,,salut>e ,,tuum4 ,,footnotes3 #ddb3a ,euseb4 ,hi/4 iv4 #g1 ap4 ,*ur* ( ! ,fa!rs ,hi/orical ,sket*es1 vol4 i4 p4 #djh4 ,,! ,,end4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes3 ,! abbreviations i4 e4 & e4 g4 h be5 spac$ ?r\gh\t ! text = consi/5cy4 ,! foll[+ words use an oe ligature 9 ! orig9al3 ,b]oea ,moesia coelis ,moesian coeli/ibus ,moesogo?s coelum ,pho5icia co5a ,po5as ,euboea po5it5tia foecund ,! foll[+ corrections h be5 made to ! text3 ,page #e3 or ! vicissitudesorig9al has vicissisudes ( human affairs ,page #bj3 ,/4 ,ju/9 0 ready to conc$e to creatures4p]iod miss+ 9 orig9al ,page #ci3 b is modifi$1 ororig9al has or or at lea/ influ5c$ ,page #ajj3 pr(esses to accept1orig9al has p]iod & :i*1 d :at he w ,page #ajb3 & m explicit ?an ! text4p]iod miss+ 9 orig9al ,page #aah3 :i* is unsuitable to ! ,ante-nic5eorig9al has ,ant5ic5e p]iod ,page #acc3 almo/ univ]sality 9 ! primitive ,*ur*4#acc3a footnote an*or miss+ 9 orig9al--position v]ifi$ 9 an e>li] edition ,page #agb3 :e!r fairly or n does n int]f]eorig9al has int]ef]e ,page #bbg3 a good-hum\r$ sup]/itionorig9al has sup]sition ,page #bhh3 ,he expla9$ ,/4 ,?omas'sorig9al has extrane\s comma ,page #cjf3 ( ,him]ia 9 ,osrho5eorig9al has ,or%one ,page #cji3 ,dur+ ! int]val1 ,dioscorusorig9al has ,discorus 0 tri$ ,page #cbj3 to conta9 sc>celyorig9al has sc>ely a s+le inhabitant ,page #ccf3 d]ive its efficacy f human fai?4quotation m>k miss+ 9 orig9al ,page #cdd3 or?odoxy w /& or fall toge!r4p]iod miss+ 9 orig9al ,page #cfe3 true ,unit>ianism ( ,/4p]iod miss+ 9 orig9al ,augu/9e4 ,page #daf3 z x is said 9 ! ,apocalypse1orig9al has extrane\s quotation m>k ,! dragon #ac3b ,briti% ,critic1 ,july1 #ahcf1 p4 #aic4p]iod miss+ 9 orig9al #ah3c ,basil1orig9al has p]iod ed4 ,b54p]iod miss+ 9 orig9al vol4 #c1;comma miss+ 9 orig9al p4 xcvi4 #ha3b ,essay on ,ass5t1 *4 vii4 sect4 #b4p]iod miss+ 9 orig9al #adh3a ,9 ,psalm #aah1 v4 #c1orig9al has p]iod de ,in/it4 ,virg4 #ej4 #afb3a ,s]m4p]iod miss+ 9 orig9al ,de ,natal4 iii4 #c4 #bac3a p4 #bif1 t4 #e1 mem4 p4 #fc1 t4 #af1;comma miss+ 9 orig9al mem4 p4 #bfg #baf3a ,sueton4 ,tib]4p]iod miss+ 9 orig9al #cf #bcd3c footnote numb] miss+ 9 orig9al ,acad4 ,inscr4 ibid4 #bce3a ,gibbon1 ,hi/4 *4p]iod miss+ 9 orig9al #af1 note #ad4 #bcg3b ,9 hon4 ,rom4 #fb4orig9al has comma ,9 ,act4 ,s4 ,cypr4 #d #bei3a ,hr4 #db1orig9al has p]iod p4 #cff4 #bhj3a ,de ,gub4p]iod miss+ 9 orig9al ,d4 iv4 p4 #gc4 #bhh3a ,l5g]ke1 de ,ephremorig9al has extrane\s p]iod ,syr4 pp4 #gc-ge4 #cjb3b ov]?r[ ( all h]esy1 especially ! ,arian1orig9al has p]iod #cca3b ,vid4 also supr4p]iod miss+ 9 orig9al p4 #bef4 #cfi3a ,infra1orig9al has p]iod pp4 #daa-dae1 c4 #cga3a ,epp4p]iod miss+ 9 orig9al #ajb1 #ah4 #cga3b ,contr4 ,fau/4orig9al has comma #bj1 #bc4 #cga3c ,augu/4lett] s n pr9t$ 9 orig9al ,ep4 #ajb1 #ah #cii3a ,rosweyde1orig9al has p]iod ,v4 ,p4 p4 #fah4 #ddb3a ,euseb4p]iod miss+ 9 orig9al ,hi/4 iv4 #g