---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,transcriber',s ,,notes 99 ,some minor typographical errors corrected4 99 ,inconsistencies in spelling and lay-out have not been corrected4 99 ,italics are represented between underscores as in italics4 99 ,bold faced type is represented as in bold face4 99 ,sidenotes from the original work have been deleted from this e-text1 since their sheer number made reading the text difficult4 ,the section titles given in the ,table of ,contents are the same as the original sidenotes4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,wrinkles ,,in ,,electric ,,lighting4 ,,wrinkles ,,in ,,electric ,,lighting4 ,,by ,,vincent ,,stephen4 ,illustration ,e4 ,f4 ,n4 ,,spon1 #abe1 ,,strand1 ,,london4 ,,new ,,york3 #ab1 ,,cortlandt ,,street4 #ahhh4 ,,introduction4 ,in the following pages it is my intention to give engineers on board ship1 who may be put in charge of electric lighting machinery without having any electrical knowledge1 some idea of the manner in which electricity is produced by mechanical means2 how it is converted into light2 what precautions must be used to keep the plant in order1 and what to do in the event of difficulties arising4 ,i do not therefore aim at producing a literary work1 but shall try and explain everything in the plainest language possible4 ,,contents4 ,,the ,,electric ,,current1 ,,and ,,its ,,production ,,by ,,chemical ,,means4 ,,page ,production of electric current in chemical battery--,current very weak--,current compared to circulation of the blood--,strength and volume of current--,pressure not sufficient without volume--,action of current is instantaneous--,resistance to the passage of the current--,copper the usual metal for conductors--,heat produced by current when wire is too small #a ,,production ,,of ,,electric ,,currents ,,by ,,mechanical ,,means4 ,magneto-,electric ,machines4 ,current produced by mechanical means--,alternating current-- ,magneto-electric machines--,shock produced by interruption of current--,the current must be commutated--,description of commutator--,current1 though alternating in the dynamo1 is continuous in the circuit--,continuous current used for electro-plating #e ,dynamo-,electric ,machines4 ,current will magnetise an iron or steel bar--,permanent magnet-- ,electro-magnet--,where the magneto and dynamo machines differ-- ,armature of so-called continuous-current dynamo--,type of commutator--,commutator brushes--,current continuous in the circuit--,alternating-current dynamos--,current not commutated-- ,intense magnetic field produced--,simplicity of ,ferranti armature-- ,large number of alternations of the current--,alternating current cannot be used to excite an electro-magnet--,exciter coupled on to same spindle as dynamo--,power of exciter if used alone #i ,,electric ,,lamps4 ,production of electric light--,arc lights--,mechanism to regulate carbons--,some lamps suitable for alternating current--,when carbons are consumed1 light goes out--,arc lamps very complicated-- ,jablochkoff candles--,arc formed between the carbons--,candles require alternating current--,incandescent lamps--,vacuum formed in lamps prevents combustion--,vacuum not perfect--,advantages of incandescent lamps for house and ship lighting--,unaffected by wind1 and suitable for either continuous or alternating currents #ai ,,leads4 ,leads made usually of copper wire--,short circuit--,high ,e4,m4,f4 for arc lights1 but low for incandescent--,arc lights in series-- ,incandescent lamps in parallel circuit--,e4,m4,f4 same for one lamp as for a number--,if lamps suitable1 each one turns on and off separately--,safety fuses #bd ,,ship ,,lighting4 ,position for dynamo--,dynamo to be kept clean and cool--,quick-speed engines--,slow-speed engines with belts--,means of keeping belt on the pulley--,engine must work steadily--,a good sensitive governor wanted--,the belt must be kept tight--,a handy belt-stretcher-- ,friction gearing--,switch board near dynamo--,leads of different colours--,main leads and branch leads--,lamps held in frosted globes--,switches for each lamp--,lamps of various candle-powers-- ,plan for lighting quarter-deck at times--,arrangement of temporary leads--,leads and lamps always ready1 and easily fixed up--,lighting of ships' holds--,danger of fire with oil lamps--,arc lamps not suitable--,arrangement of leads for incandescent lamps-- ,work carried on better1 and pilfering of cargo prevented--,hold leads disconnected while at sea--,installation complete--,lights wanted as night approaches--,precautions before starting dynamo-- ,lubrication must be perfect--,commutators and collectors require very little oil--,position of brushes--,start the engine--,switches not turned on2 no current except from exciter--,testing work of exciter--,dynamos very powerful magnets--,look out for your watches--,switch on the lamps--,current is produced in large dynamo-- ,difference of a few lamps compensated by governor--,turn all lamps on1 and light up gradually--,inequality of light in different lamps--,weeding out of bad lamps--,lamps not to be run too bright-- ,no trouble with dynamo if oiling is attended to--,seizing--,oil must be thin--,the dynamo must be kept clean--,little troubles with the lamps--,no safety fuse--,effects of vibration of ship on lamps-- ,what to look to if a lamp is out4--,recapitulation--,a current of #ej volts is hardly felt--,incandescent lights for side lights-- ,mast-head light--,arc light should never be used--,present mast-head light quite powerful enough--,on passenger steamers1 side one blaze of light1 and side lights barely visible--,speed of dynamo constant1 but steam power used in proportion to number of lamps in use--,no danger to life from electric current on board ship-- ,binnacle lamps4 ,electric light not suitable--,dynamo if near a compass will affect it--,notes #bg ,,wrinkles ,,in ,,electric ,,lighting4 ,,the ,,electric ,,current1 ,,and ,,its ,,production ,,by ,,chemical ,,means4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,it will first be necessary to explain how electric currents are produced by means of chemicals4 ,in a jar ,a1 ,fig4 #a1 are placed two plates ,b and ,c1 one zinc1 and the other copper1 each having connected to it at the top a copper wire of any convenient length4 ,the plates are kept in position by means of pieces of wood1 and the jar is about half filled with a solution of salt and water1 or sulphuric acid and water2 if then the two wires are joined1 a current of electricity at once flows through them1 however long they may be4 ,the current produced in this manner is very weak1 and does not even keep what strength it has for any length of time1 but rapidly gets weaker until quite imperceptible4 ,the current is1 however1 continuous2 that is1 it flows steadily in the one direction through the wire1 and may be used for ringing bells1 or for other purposes where a feeble current only is required to do intermittent work4 ,the wire ,e in connection with the copper plate is called the positive lead1 and the other the negative1 and the current is said to flow from the copper plate1 through the wire ,e through the circuit to ,d1 and thence to the zinc plate1 and through the liquid to the copper plate4 ,the current has often been compared to water flowing through a pipe1 but ,i think it can be better compared to the blood in the human body1 which through the action of the heart is continually forced through the arteries and veins in one steady stream4 ,there is1 however1 this difference1 that there is no actual progression of matter in the electric current1 it being like a ripple on water1 which moves from end to end of a lake without the water itself being moved across4 ,now that ,i have given you an idea of how the current acts1 ,i must try and explain how different degrees of strength and volume are obtained4 ,in the first place1 let us consider what constitute strength and volume in an electric current1 or at least try and get a general notion about them4 ,for this purpose ,i shall compare the electric current to water being forced through a pipe2 and the strength of the electric current1 or electromotive force1 written for short ,e4,m4,f41 will be like the pressure of water at any part of the pipe4 ,two pipes may carry different quantities of water1 and yet the pressure may be the same in each2 in one a gallon of water may pass a given point in the same time that a pint passes the same point in the other1 and yet in each case the different quantities may pass that point at the same speed4 ,thus in electricity1 two currents may be of different volume or quantity1 measured in amperes1 and yet be of the same ,e4,m4,f4 measured in volts2 or they may be of different ,e4,m4,f41 or pressure1 or intensity1 and yet be of the same volume4 ,if any work is to be done by the water forced through a pipe1 such as turning a turbine1 it is evident that pressure of itself is not sufficient1 seeing that a stream an inch in diameter may be at the same pressure as another a foot in diameter4 ,so with the electric current1 if work is to be done1 such as driving a motor or lighting a lamp1 it is not sufficient to have a certain ,e4,m4,f42 there must be quantity or volume in proportion to the amount of work1 so that if it takes a given quantity to work one lamp1 it will take twice that quantity to work two lamps of the same kind4 ,it must not be inferred from this1 that if one lamp requires a certain ,e4,m4,f41 that two lamps will require it to be doubled1 as such is not the case1 except under certain conditions which ,i will explain later on4 ,the action of electricity is practically instantaneous in any length of wire1 so that if the current is used to ring two bells a mile apart1 but connected by wires1 they will commence to ring simultaneously4 ,i have so far not said anything about resistance to the passage of the current through the wires4 ,i shall therefore refer again to our comparison of the current to water forced through a pipe1 and you will agree that a certain sized pipe will only convey a certain amount of water in a given time4 ,if a larger quantity is to be conveyed in the same time1 a greater pressure must be applied1 or a larger pipe must be used4 ,it is evident that increasing the size of the pipe will get over the difficulty more readily than increasing the pressure of the water4 ,the pipes themselves offer a certain resistance to the passage of the water through them1 in the shape of friction2 so that if an effect is to be produced at a distance1 rather more pressure is required than if it is done close at hand1 so as to make up for the loss sustained by friction4 ,much the same may be said of the electric current2 a certain sized wire will only carry a certain current1 and if more current is required1 a thicker wire must be used to convey it1 or it must be of a greater ,e4,m4,f4 ,it is usually more convenient to increase the thickness of the wire than to increase the ,e4,m4,f4 of the current4 ,the wire offers a certain resistance to the passage of the current through it1 which may be compared to friction1 and this resistance varies according to the metal of which it is composed4 ,copper is the metal in ordinary use for wires for electric lighting purposes1 and the purer it is the better will it convey the current4 ,iron is used for telegraph wires on account of cheapness1 the current used being so small that this metal conveys it readily enough2 if copper were used1 the wires will only require to be about one-third the diameter of the iron ones4 ,the following are the respective values for electrical conductivity of various metals when pure1 taking silver as a standard3--,silver #ajj1 copper #ii4i1 gold #hj1 zinc #bi1 brass #bb1 iron #af4h1 tin #ac4a1 lead #h4c1 mercury #a4f4 ,if a wire is made to convey a current which is too large for its electrical capacity1 it will get heated1 which decreases its conductivity1 with the result that the heat increases until finally the wire fuses4 ,i shall have more to say about this when speaking of electric lighting4 ,,production ,,of ,,electric ,,currents ,,by ,,mechanical ,,means4 ,magneto-electric ,machines4 ,i have shown how the electric current is produced by the action of chemical or primary batteries1 and how this current will flow through suitable conductors4 ,i shall now explain how mechanical power may be converted into electricity4 ,it has been found that if a wire1 preferably of copper1 of which the ends are joined together1 is moved past a magnet a current is induced in the wire1 flowing in one direction while the wire is approaching the magnet1 and in the opposite direction while it is receding from it4 ,this is then not a continuous current like we obtained from the chemical battery1 but an alternating one1 and you will see later on how it can be made to produce similar effects4 ,the oftener the wire passes the magnet the more electricity is generated1 so that if we make a coil of the wire and move a large number of parts of wire past at one time1 the effects on each part are accumulated2 and if instead of having one magnet to pass before1 we have several1 the effects will be doubled or trebled1 c41 in proportion to the number4 ,if1 again1 the coil is moved at an increased speed past the magnets1 the effects will be still further increased4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,the knowledge of these facts led to the construction of the various magneto-electric machines1 of which a familiar type is seen in those small ones used for medical purposes4 ,they contain a large horse-shoe magnet1 close to the end of which two bobbins of copper wire are made to revolve at a high speed1 and all who have used these machines know that the more quickly they turn the handle the greater shock the person receives who is being operated upon4 ,the current generated is really very feeble1 the shock being produced by interrupting it at every half revolution by means of a small spring or other suitable mechanism4 ,if the current is not so interrupted1 it cannot be felt at all1 which may be proved by lifting up the spring on the spindle of the ordinary kind4 ,the current is an alternating one1 and changes its direction throughout the circuit1 however extended it may be1 at every half revolution4 ,if it is required to have a continuous current1 use must be made of what is termed a commutator1 and ,i shall endeavour to explain the manner in which it acts as simply as possible4 ,without going into any further details as to the construction of the bobbins1 and their action at any particular moment1 ,i shall content myself with saying that if the wire on the two bobbins is continuous1 and the ends are connected1 the current will flow one way during half a revolution1 and the other way during the other half4 ,now1 in ,fig4 #b1 on the spindle ,a on which the bobbins are fixed1 is fitted a split collar formed of two halves ,b and ,c1 to which are joined respectively the ends of the wires and -4 ,this collar is insulated from the spindle by a suitable insulating material1 that is to say1 a material which does not conduct electricity1 such as wood1 ivory1 c41 and is represented in ,fig4 #b by the dark parts ,d4 ,so far the circuit is not complete1 so that however quickly you turn the machine no current is produced4 ,if1 however1 some means is employed for joining ,b and ,c by a conductor1 the alternating current is produced as before4 ,in ,fig4 #c1 ,i show a section through ,b ,a ,c4 ,on a base ,e made of wood1 are fixed two metal springs ,f and ,g1 which are made to press against ,b and ,c respectively2 wires are connected at ,h and ,k1 which1 joined together1 complete the circuit4 ,a continuous current is said to be or positive where it leaves a battery1 and - or negative where it returns2 it will be convenient to use these signs and terms in the following explanation4 ,at one portion of the revolution the spindle will be in the position shown in ,fig4 #c1 and the current is flowing into ,b1 through ,f1 to the terminal ,h1 thence through the circuit to the terminal ,k1 through ,g to ,c1 and so back through the - wire to the bobbins of the machine4 ,in ,fig4 #d the spindle has made a half revolution1 bringing ,b in contact with ,g1 and ,c with ,f4 ,but by this half turn the current is reversed in the bobbins1 and the current flows into ,c1 through ,f1 to terminal ,h as before1 and through the circuit to ,k1 through ,g and ,b1 back to the bobbins4 ,thus you see that in the circuit the current will be always in the same direction1 or continuous1 although in the bobbins it is alternating1 and may be used for any purpose for which a continuous current is required1 such as electro-plating1 c4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,there are various forms of the magneto-electric machines1 as well as of commutators1 but the foregoing shows the general principle of them all4 ,dynamo-electric ,machines4 ,it will now be necessary to explain the nature of a dynamo-electric machine1 called1 for shortness1 a dynamo1 and to show in what it differs from a magneto-electric machine4 ,i have explained how an electric current is produced by a wire passing in front of a magnet2 now1 this magnet may either be of the ordinary kind1 or it may be what is termed an electro-magnet4 ,one of the effects which electricity can be made to produce is the magnetising of steel bars to form the ordinary and well-known permanent magnets which are used in ships' compasses1 c4 ,to produce this effect1 part of the wire in a circuit is made into a spiral as in ,fig4 #e4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,the steel rod to be magnetised is placed within the spiral1 and a continuous current of electricity is then sent through the wire1 which causes the rod to become magnetised with a ,north pole at one end1 and a ,south pole at the other4 ,the more current is passed through the circuit1 and the more turns are in the spiral1 the more quickly and strongly is the rod magnetised2 and it will retain its magnetism for an indefinite time if made of suitable steel4 ,there is a point at which the metal is said to be saturated with magnetism1 and the strength it has then acquired will be that which it will retain afterwards1 although while under the influence of the current that strength may be considerably exceeded4 ,if instead of a steel rod one of iron is placed in the spiral1 and the current is passed through as before1 it will be magnetised in the same manner2 but as soon as the current is stopped1 the rod loses almost all its magnetism1 and if the current is then passed in the opposite direction the rod will be magnetised in the opposite way4 ,the softer and more homogeneous is the iron1 the more instantaneously will it acquire and lose its magnetism1 and the greater strength of magnetism it is able to acquire4 ,an iron bar1 round which are wound a large number of turns of insulated or covered wire1 constitutes an electro-magnet4 ,the difference then between a magneto-electric and a dynamo-electric machine is1 that in the former permanent magnets are used1 and in the latter electro-magnets take their place4 ,i do not intend to go into particulars as to the construction of the various dynamos in present use1 as there are many books to be had in which these machines are fully described4 ,i need merely say that in the so-called continuous-current dynamos1 the whole or part of the current produced is made to pass through the coils of the electro-magnets1 thus inducing in them the required magnetism4 ,i showed how1 in the magneto-electric machine1 the currents are collected by means of a commutator1 and it is evident that in ,figs4 #b1 #c1 and #d there might be separate wires coming from each bobbin to ,b and ,c2 and if there were more than two bobbins1 there might still be two wires from each to ,b and ,c4 ,on the other hand the collecting collar might be split into more sections2 in fact there might be as many sections as bobbins4 ,to show how the current is collected in continuous-current dynamos1 ,i must give a short explanation of the revolving part or armature of a standard type of machine4 ,in ,fig4 #f is shown a horse-shoe magnet1 with its ,north and ,south poles1 ,n and ,s4 ,between these poles is made to revolve the armature1 composed of a number of coils of wire made to form a ring like a life-buoy4 ,the ends of the wires are made to lie along a collar on the spindle1 made of some insulating material1 each wire being parallel to its neighbour1 and kept separate from it1 as shown in ,fig4 #g4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,these wires are so arranged that if one end of a sectional coil is on top of the spindle at a given moment1 the other will be on the under side4 ,if then1 as shown in ,fig4 #g1 a rubber of copper1 made in the form of a brush of copper wire for convenience1 is placed in contact with the upper part of the commutator collar1 and another similar one with the lower1 it is evident the circuit will be completed in the same manner as before explained4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,edison ,dynamo4 ,a wire which is when above the spindle1 will be - when below it1 and as the spindle revolves the current changes in the various wires from - to as they reach the top1 so that it will always therefore be in the upper brush and - in the lower one1 and will accordingly be continuous through the circuit4 ,it will be seen in the illustrations of various continuous-current dynamos1 that though their shape and arrangement differ1 the mode of collecting the current is much about the same as ,i have described above4 ,figs4 #h and #i show some of the continuous-current dynamos at present in use4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,brush ,dynamo4 ,i will now explain the nature of an alternating-current dynamo4 ,the principal difference between the continuous-and alternating-current dynamo1 is in the number of magnets used4 ,most of the former have only four magnets1 while the latter have frequently as many as thirty-two4 ,in reality1 as ,i have shown1 these are all alternating-current dynamos1 only that in the so-called continuous-current ones1 the current is commutated1 whereas in the others it is not1 but is used as it is produced4 ,in the principal alternating-current dynamos1 a number of small magnets1 usually sixteen1 are attached to a framework directly opposite a similar number of others of the same size1 the space between the ends being only about an inch or two4 ,these are all electro-magnets1 and are wound in such manner that when excited by a current1 every alternate one shall have the same magnetism1 as in ,fig4 #aj1 and every opposite one a contrary magnetism4 ,this produces an intense magnetic field between the ends of the magnets1 and in this space revolves the armature4 ,this armature1 in the ,siemens dynamo1 is composed of a disc having as many bobbins on the periphery as there are magnets on each side of the dynamo4 ,as each bobbin approaches each magnet a current is induced in one direction1 which is reversed when the bobbin recedes2 thus an alternating current is produced1 which is collected by connecting the ends to insulated rings or collars on the spindle1 and having small copper brushes or rubbers in contact with them4 ,in the ,ferranti dynamo1 the armature is quite different1 and much more simple1 as comparison of ,figs4 #aa and #ab will show4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,siemens ,armature4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,ferranti ,armature4 ,it consists of a copper tape bent in and out so as to form a sort of star with eight arms1 the number of layers of insulated copper tape being from ten to thirty1 according to requirements4 ,the centre is made in a similar shape with bolts or rivets holding each convolution in place4 ,the two ends of the tape are attached respectively to two collector-rings on the spindle1 against which press two solid metal rubbers which carry off the current for use in the circuit4 ,it can be shown that as each arm approaches a magnet a current will be induced in one direction1 which will be reversed as each arm recedes2 and therefore an alternating current will be produced4 ,as there are sixteen magnets for the armature to pass at each revolution1 there must be sixteen alternations of the current during the same time1 so that if the speed of the armature is #ejj revolutions per minute1 there will be #ejj x #af #hjjj alternations in one minute4 ,these alternations being so extremely rapid1 when this current is used for electric lighting1 the steadiness of the light will be in no way affected1 but will remain as constant as with a continuous current4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,siemens ,alternating ,dynamo4 ,the alternating current produced by these dynamos cannot be used for exciting an electro-magnet1 as the magnetism would be reversed at every alternation2 a separate small dynamo of the continuous type is therefore used as an exciter to magnetise all the electro-magnets in the field1 and it is usually coupled on to the same spindle1 and therefore goes at the same speed as the alternating-current dynamo4 ,the exciter is usually of a size to be able to do alone about one-tenth to one-twentieth of the work that the larger machines does in the way of lighting2 so that if from any cause the latter is disabled while the ship lighted by it is at sea1 the exciter may be used alone to do a portion of the lighting1 in the first-class saloon for instance4 ,this can only be done if the exciter is so constructed as to give the proper ,e4,m4,f4 that the lamps require4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ad4 ,ferranti ,alternating ,dynamo4 ,figs4 #ac and #ad are illustrations of two of the alternating current dynamos in use on board ship and elsewhere4 ,,electric ,,lamps4 ,i have explained how power can be converted into electric currents1 either continuous or alternating1 and ,i must now show how these currents can be applied to the production of light4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,the current may be used to produce an arc light in the following manner3--,two carbon rods1 ,a and ,b1 are held by suitable means in the position shown in ,fig4 #ae1 and the two wires from a dynamo are joined respectively to ,a and ,b1 the upper one always being the positive lead when a continuous current is used4 ,when the current is sent through the circuit1 it passes through the carbons ,a and ,b1 which are conductors4 ,immediately this occurs1 suitable mechanism in the lamp1 being acted on by the current1 or by hand in the case of search-lights1 or by clock-work1 moves the two carbons a small distance apart1 with the consequence that a dazzling arc of light is formed between them4 ,if the carbons get too far apart1 the mechanism brings them nearer together again1 and on the delicacy with which it acts1 depends the steadiness of the light4 ,it would be useless to explain how this mechanism acts1 as it is in a different form in each maker's lamp4 ,some lamps have been constructed for use with an alternating current1 but with the majority a continuous current is used4 ,while an arc light is burning the carbons waste away1 the upper one more rapidly than the lower1 and the mechanism has to approach them constantly to make up for this waste4 ,when the carbons are consumed as far as convenient1 an automatic arrangement cuts off the current1 and the light goes out2 or it diverts the current to another set of carbons1 which at once light up4 ,the carbons are made in suitable lengths to last a certain number of hours1 four1 six1 eight1 c4 ,in ,fig4 #af is shown an arc lamp complete4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #af4 ,arc ,lamp ,complete4 ,an arc lamp is of necessity a complicated affair1 which it is not advisable to have on board ship1 except where an electrician is engaged permanently4 ,another way of producing light is to use the current in what is called an electric candle1 of which a familiar type is the ,jablochkoff candle4 ,fig4 #ag shows the form of this candle1 ,a and ,b being two carbon rods parallel to one another1 and joined1 but at the same time insulated from one another by kaolin1 a sort of chalky substance1 which is a non-conductor4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ag4 ,the wires ,c and ,d from the dynamo are joined respectively to ,a and ,b through metallic supports1 as in an arc lamp1 and when the current is turned on it flows through ,c ,a and across by a small strip of carbon ,e to ,b and ,d back to the dynamo4 ,the strip ,e is only large enough to carry the current across for a moment1 and is immediately consumed1 but an arc of light is then formed between the carbons as in the arc lamp4 ,as the carbons consume1 the kaolin in between burns away1 just in the same manner as1 in an ordinary candle1 the wick is consumed and the wax melts and burns away1 except that in the latter case the wax feeds the light1 whereas the kaolin is only used to keep the carbons the required distance apart and the arc of light from running down them4 ,it is evident that the carbons must be consumed equally1 for which reason use must be made of the alternating current4 ,any unsteadiness that occurs in the light produced is consequent on unsteadiness of the current1 or impurities in the carbons1 c41 there being no mechanism of any kind required4 ,these candles do not give such a great light as arc lights1 but it is of the same nature in every way4 ,fig4 #ah shows one of these candles in its holder1 from which can be seen how electrical contact is made with the two carbons4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,if the current is interrupted in any way1 and the light goes out1 it will not be produced again automatically1 but requires a small piece of carbon between the two carbons as a path for the current to pass across as in the beginning4 ,a third form of electric light is produced by using the current in an incandescent lamp4 ,to explain the action of an incandescent lamp1 ,i must refer back to what ,i said about wires getting heated by a current being passed through them which was too large for their capacity4 ,if two large wires are joined by a small one1 and a strong current is passed through the circuit1 the small wire rapidly gets red hot1 and finally fuses4 ,if this small wire is contained in a globe from which the air is exhausted1 when the current is passed through it1 it gets red1 then white hot1 and when very brilliant gets fused4 ,if1 instead of wire1 we have in the small globe a thin filament of carbon1 when the current is passed through1 we get a brilliant light which remains constant because the carbon does not fuse1 and it cannot burn away for want of air4 ,fig4 #ai shows a ,swan lamp1 and ,fig4 #bj an ,edison lamp1 both made on this principle4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ai4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,if in these lamps the vacuum were perfect1 the carbon filament would never get consumed2 it is1 however1 impossible to get a perfect vacuum1 but the better it is1 the longer will the filament last4 ,incandescent lamps are the only ones that are suitable for house or ship lighting4 ,advantages of incandescent lamps for house and ship lighting4 ,they give a yellowish light like a good gas-flame1 they do not consume the air of a room1 they cause no smell1 and only give out a very slight heat4 ,they are perfectly safe1 because if the globe gets broken and allows air to get in1 the filament is instantly consumed1 and the light goes out4 ,they can be put in all sorts of places where it would be impossible to have any other lamps1 such as near the ceiling1 close to curtains1 in a room full of explosives or combustibles1 and even under water4 ,they are not affected by wind2 they can therefore be used under punkahs1 or near open windows1 sky-lights1 or ports1 or in the open air4 ,these lamps can be used with either continuous or alternating currents1 but will probably last longer with the latter1 because1 when a continuous current is used1 particles of the carbon of the filament appear to be conveyed from one end of the filament to the other1 reducing the thickness at the one end1 until finally it breaks4 ,this evidently cannot occur with an alternating current1 as the impulse in one direction is counteracted by the following one in the opposite direction4 ,if the current used is of too high a tension for the lamps1 they will show an intensely brilliant light for a short time1 but the filament will soon be destroyed1 and the lamp rendered useless4 ,,leads4 ,we have now to consider the means used for conveying the current1 continuous or alternating1 to the lamps we intend to use4 ,the leads for the electric current1 which correspond in some measure with the pipes which convey gas1 are made of copper wire1 as pure as can be obtained1 covered with some insulating material to prevent the escape of the current through contact with other conductors4 ,the size of the wire is regulated according to the amount of current which is to be conveyed2 it will do no harm to have it of twice the required section1 but if it is of less than the required section1 it will offer so much resistance to the passage of the current1 that it will probably get fused in a very short time4 ,if the lead attached to one terminal of the dynamo comes back to the other terminal without there being any lamps in the circuit1 or other means of making use of the current1 it is said to be short circuited1 and if the dynamo is kept going something must give out very soon4 ,the two leads must therefore never be connected with one another1 except by a lamp or other resistance1 and the manner in which the lamps are placed1 and the size of the leads1 depend upon the relative tension and quantity of current and the kind of lamps to be used4 ,if the current is to be used in arc lamps it is usual to have a high ,e4,m4,f41 which allows of the leads being of small section2 but if it is to be used in incandescent lamps it is found more convenient to have a low ,e4,m4,f41 and as this implies a large quantity of current1 the leads have to be of large section4 ,arc lamps usually require to be placed in series1 that is to say1 in such a manner that the current1 after leaving the dynamo1 passes through each lamp in succession4 ,the ,e4,m4,f4 required in this case is the sum of the ,e4,m4,f4 for each lamp1 the quantity required being the same as for one lamp4 ,this accounts for the high ,e4,m4,f4 used in arc lighting and the small size of the wire for conducting the current4 ,incandescent lamps can be either in series or parallel1 and frequently the two systems are combined4 ,to explain the meaning of having lamps parallel1 we will suppose the two leads from a dynamo to be taken along a wall1 parallel to one another1 and about six inches apart1 ending at the end of the wall1 but not connected in any way4 ,if we then place lamps at intervals between the two leads1 connecting one loop of each to the upper lead1 and the other to the lower lead1 by means of small copper wire1 these lamps are said to be all parallel4 ,in this arrangement the current required is the sum of the quantity necessary for each lamp1 but the ,e4,m4,f4 is the same as that required for one lamp of the same kind4 ,as we therefore require to send a large quantity of current through the leads at a small pressure or ,e4,m4,f41 these leads must be of large section4 ,in the above arrangement each lamp may be turned on or off separately without affecting the others4 ,sometimes two or more lamps are placed in groups between the parallel leads2 these are then in series with regard to one another1 and can only be turned on or off two or more at a time1 in other words1 one group at a time4 ,if our dynamo is producing a current of #ajj volts ,e4,m4,f4 when working at its proper speed1 and our lamps are #ajj-volt lamps1 we shall be able to turn each lamp on or off separately2 but if we want to put in #ej-volt lamps1 we must place two together1 and we shall then have to turn them on or off two at a time4 ,i am supposing that in both cases the lamps require the same quantity of current1 though of different ,e4,m4,f4 ,to prevent the lamps being spoilt by the current being too strong through a sudden increase in the speed of the dynamo1 as also to prevent the leads getting fused1 and perhaps setting fire to the casing1 it is usual to have safety fuses in various parts of the circuit4 ,these are of different kinds1 but a typical one consists of a small lead wire1 large enough to carry the normal current1 but which fuses when the current is too strong1 and at once interrupts its passage4 ,the lamps in the same portion of the circuit are then extinguished and so saved from destruction1 and cannot then be lighted again until the fuse is renewed1 which1 however1 can be done with ease4 ,,ship ,,lighting4 ,we will consider now the case of a steamship to be lighted by means of incandescent lamps4 ,it is sometimes a matter of some difficulty to fix on a suitable position for the dynamo and engine1 especially in ships which have already been running for some time4 ,in selecting a position1 it must be borne in mind that a dynamo will work best in a cool clean place1 cleanliness being most important4 ,if a lot of coal dust is flying about where the dynamo is working1 it will be drawn into it1 and tend to impair its electrical1 as well as mechanical efficiency4 ,if the dynamo is kept properly lubricated1 it will work well enough in a hot place1 but we must remember that the heating of the wire which makes up a large portion of the dynamo1 reduces its conductivity1 so that the cooler it is kept the better4 ,the dynamo should be so placed that the engineer can get to every side of it easily4 ,if a quick-speed engine is to be used for driving it direct1 it will make a very compact installation1 but there seems to be some difficulty as yet in getting suitable reliable engines1 besides which many marine engineers object to quick-speed engines altogether4 ,if a slow-speed engine is to be used1 a belt is of course required to get the necessary speed on the dynamo1 and various precautions are needful to prevent the belt slipping off the pulley when the ship is rolling about in a sea-way4 ,in all cases1 the engine and dynamo should be placed with their spindles fore-and-aft1 or in a line with the ship's keel1 the rolling being felt more than the pitching4 ,there are various ways of keeping the belt from slipping off the pulley4 ,some have flanges on the pulley1 others have guides or rollers on each side of the belt1 each plan having its advantages and disadvantages2 but some plan must be used1 otherwise the belt slips off1 usually in the middle of the first-saloon dinner1 and out go all the lights1 besides which the belt may be considerably damaged before the engine can be stopped4 ,the engine must be one that will work very steadily1 otherwise the lights will pulsate at each revolution of the engine1 which is most unpleasant4 ,if the engine is a single one1 it must have a large fly-wheel1 or a driving-wheel large and heavy enough to answer the same purpose4 ,the engine requires a good sensitive governor1 so as to keep the speed regular when some of the lamps are turned on or off4 ,when the engine and dynamo are in the main engine-room1 the throttle-valve1 or a stop-valve1 should be in a convenient place for the engineer on watch to get at so as to instantly shut off the steam if the belt slips off or breaks4 ,in ships where an electrician is carried there will not be the same necessity for this precaution4 ,it is necessary to have some means of tightening up the belt1 so as to keep it from slipping round the pulley4 ,where the engine and dynamo are on the same level there may be a screw arrangement in the base-plate of the latter by which the distance between centres can be increased4 ,where the engine and dynamo are on different levels1 and the latter is a fixture1 recourse must be had to a roller1 bearing against the upper part of the belt and capable of screw adjustment4 ,if link leather belting is used1 it will be found necessary to take out several rows of links each day until it has finished stretching4 ,a very handy thing to use for this purpose1 and which can be made on board by an engineer1 is a double clamp with a screw in between1 just like the ones which are being sold for stretching trousers which have got baggy at the knees4 ,whatever belt is used1 it is very important that there should be no joint or inequality which can cause a jump or slip when going over the pulley1 as this will cause the lights to pulsate each time4 ,in ,america friction gearing has been tried1 but ,i do not know with what success4 ,from my experience of friction gearing1 ,i am inclined to think it might do very well4 ,there is certainly no doubt that direct-acting quick-speed engines are the ones to use1 and it is only a question of getting a suitable one4 ,the dynamo being firmly fixed in position1 the main leads are connected to it1 and carried along to the switch-board1 which should be in a convenient position near at hand4 ,on this switch-board are usually placed the large safety fuses4 ,the board should have a cover to it1 to prevent any one meddling with it1 and to keep it clean4 ,the main leads are of a large size1 and from these other smaller ones branch off1 being spliced and soldered to them4 ,it is a very good practice to use leads of two different colours1 as we can then work by the following rule3 ,never connect together two leads of different colours except by means of a lamp or other resistance4 ,the size of the various leads depends on the current to be conveyed1 and is a matter for the electricians4 ,on the main-deck of a large passenger steamer1 the main leads may be carried along side by side under the upper deck1 and from these1 smaller ones branch off into the various sets of rooms1 smaller ones still going into each room4 ,in each room there will be one lamp with its switch to turn it on or off as desired1 and a safety fuse4 ,the lamps are held in small brackets1 and are contained when desired in frosted globes1 which diffuse the light and make it very pleasant4 ,when these globes are held rigidly in the brackets1 the least knock breaks them4 ,a very good bracket ,i have seen in use is one which allows the globe to move about on its support when touched1 being at the same time sufficiently a fixture to resist the motion of the ship2 and in the particular ship in which ,i saw these used in the first saloon1 there was not a single breakage during a four months' voyage4 ,the switches for turning each light on or off can be under the control of the passengers1 or1 on the other hand1 they can be fitted to work with keys kept by the stewards1 as thought most desirable4 ,the lamps used can be of various candle-powers1 within certain limits1 and of whatever make is considered best4 ,they can also be of various makes1 as long as they are constructed to stand the same ,e4,m4,f4 ,the lamps in the passenger berths give quite sufficient light if of #aj-;candle power2 the ones for lighting the saloons1 passages1 and other large spaces1 may with advantage be of #bj-;candle power4 ,in these days of luxurious travelling1 when the various lines are trying to attract passengers to their particular ships1 what follows may be thought worth consideration4 ,in steamers going through the tropics to ,india1 ,china1 ,australia1 c41 it is usual to get up dances1 concerts1 and other entertainments on the quarter-deck1 at times when it would be impossible to do anything below on account of the heat4 ,the quarter-deck then has to be lighted up4 ,this is effected by means of globe oil-lamps hung about here and there1 two being hung in front of the piano1 in unpleasant proximity to the head of the obliging lady pianist4 ,now in a ship lighted by electricity1 there is no reason why a couple of leads should not be brought up from below through a skylight or other opening1 on to the quarter-deck4 ,indeed the leads might be arranged to screw into a place in the deck1 or on the side of a skylight1 just in the same manner as a hose is connected for washing decks4 ,these leads would have holders for lamps fitted permanently at intervals1 and when required for use would be stopped up along the awning-spar or ridge-chains1 and the lamps screwed or hooked into the holders4 ,with a few handy men1 five or ten minutes would suffice to arrange the whole thing after the leads had once been fitted4 ,the leads once fitted for this purpose would be always ready for use1 and could be kept coiled away in a box which might also have a compartment to contain the dozen or so of lamps required4 ,if the dynamo is already running as many lamps as it is capable of1 some of the bedroom lights may be turned off while the quarter-deck is being lighted4 ,another thing which ,i think has not yet been done is the following4 ,when working cargo at night1 and indeed during the day to some extent1 lights are of necessity used in the holds4 ,the theory is1 that no naked lights shall be allowed1 but the practice is this3 lamps are taken below1 get knocked about1 the wicks fall down and want pricking up1 the lamps are opened for this purpose1 and as they are found to give more light without a dusty glass round them than with it1 they are left open4 ,candles are often taken below lighted1 and even matches struck to see the mark on a bale4 ,i am aware that arc lamps are used in the ,royal ,albert ,docks1 ,london1 in connection with the dock lighting1 lamps being carried below when required1 with flexible leads attached1 and that1 in some few steamers1 arc lamps have been used in the same manner in connection with their own plant4 ,these arc lamps are1 ,i think1 not nearly as suitable as incandescent lamps for the purpose of lighting up a ship's hold2 the light is too glaring1 and casts deep shadows amongst the bales and cases1 besides which1 the lamps are large and clumsy4 ,i would suggest that leads should be carried behind the stringer-battens in the ship's side1 or along under the next upper-deck1 having simple sockets or holders for incandescent lamps at certain intervals4 ,whoever might be in charge of the hold would screw or hook on the lamps as required1 and so light up every part of the hold thoroughly while work was going on4 ,there would be no risk of fire1 and ,i am convinced that the extra leads and lamps would pay for themselves in a very short time1 because work would get on more quickly1 and pilfering of the cargo would be in a great measure put a stop to4 ,the leads for the holds could be so arranged as to be quite unconnected with the dynamo while at sea1 so that there could not be the remotest possibility of the current finding its way below when not wanted4 ,in fine1 there is no reason whatever why a ship's hold should not be lighted up when required1 as well as a warehouse or store on shore4 ,now1 we will suppose that our installation is complete1 ready for working1 everything having been pronounced in order by the electrician who has looked after the work4 ,evening is approaching1 and the lights will soon be required2 we must therefore see that our engine and dynamo are ready for a start4 ,if the engine and dynamo are separate1 the belt must be felt1 to see that it is tight enough1 otherwise it must be tightened by whatever means are provided for the purpose4 ,we must also see that the engine and dynamo are properly oiled1 and that the worsteds are down the tubes of the oil-cups1 and working properly1 not dry1 as ,i have known them to be1 with fatal results to the dynamo4 ,if the lubrication is performed by means of tubes leading to each bearing from an elevated oil-box1 we must see that the oil really gets to the bearings1 and regulate its flow as required4 ,the commutators and collector-rings and rubbers require only a wipe of oil1 just sufficient to prevent undue wearing of the surfaces2 if too much is put on them1 they will spark a great deal1 and sparking will wear them away more quickly than friction4 ,the brushes of copper wire which collect the current of the exciter dynamo1 and others of similar pattern1 must be placed so that the ends press on the commutator as shown in ,fig4 #ba4 ,the ends should project just a little way beyond the point or line of contact1 and when the dynamo is running1 there should be very little sparking4 ,i am supposing that our plant consists of an alternating-current dynamo with a small exciter4 ,the wires leading from the exciter to the other dynamo remain always connected1 as there is no need for meddling with them4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #ba4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #bb4 ,we will now start the engine1 and thereby set the dynamo going round1 slowly at first1 and gradually up to the speed required4 ,the main switches are not yet turned on1 so there is no current going through the leads as yet2 what then is being done8 ,a current is being produced by the exciter only1 and is magnetising the electro-magnets of the larger dynamo1 and if we want to know if it is really doing its work as intended1 we just hold a small pocket-compass over the ends of two opposite magnets of the dynamo1 and observe how the needle points4 ,it should at once take up the position shown in ,fig4 #bb1 and if then held over the next couple in like manner1 the needle should simply turn round1 and point in exactly the opposite direction4 ,if it points in any other direction1 there is something wrong with the connections4 ,if1 however1 the connections are right at starting1 they will of course remain right1 and there should be no need for this test4 ,it is well to remember that when dynamos are working1 they are1 or contain for the time being1 very powerful magnets1 therefore if we bend over them to examine them1 our watches will get magnetised1 which does not improve their qualities as time-keepers4 ,say that our dynamo is now going round at the required speed1 which may be #ejj or #fjj revolutions per minute2 the engine is not using much steam as yet1 because very little work is being done4 ,we now switch on a set of lamps2 this closes the circuit1 and the large dynamo begins to produce its alternating current1 which goes through the lamps and lights them up4 ,this1 however1 gives the engine more work to do1 and more steam must be turned on1 otherwise the necessary speed will not be kept up4 ,we switch on all the other lamps as required1 and must see that the speed of the dynamo is kept constant4 ,a difference of a few lamps1 affecting the engine to a small extent only1 should be compensated automatically by the governor4 ,if the brightest lamps are not bright enough1 the speed should be increased a little1 but care must be taken not to overdo it1 because if the current is too strong1 some of the safety fuses will melt1 and the corresponding lamps will go out4 ,it must not be inferred from what ,i have said1 that it is necessary to run the dynamo at first without switching on any lamps4 ,on the contrary1 a better effect will be produced if all the lamps are switched on before starting1 as they will then gradually work up to their full brilliancy2 whereas1 if one set of lamps is started first1 and run bright1 and we then switch on another set1 the current at first will be too small for the two sets1 and the first set will get quite dull1 remaining so until the dynamo is going at its proper speed again4 ,when lighted up for the first time1 it will be found that some of the lamps are much brighter than others2 this is because the lamps at present made are not of perfectly equal resistances4 ,we must go round1 then1 and note where the dull ones are1 and we can either at once1 or during next day1 shift them into the bathrooms and places where such a perfect light is not required4 ,all the lamps in one room1 the first saloon1 or music room1 for instance1 should be equalised as much as possible1 and in such places the brightest should be used4 ,nothing looks worse than to see a couple of dull lights in the same room as a lot of bright ones4 ,by seeing to these matters we can make the lighting much more satisfactory than it otherwise would be4 ,during the first few evenings we shall probably have some of the lamps go out through the filaments breaking4 ,this ,i consider a weeding out of defective lamps1 because if it were that the current was too strong1 the fuses would have given way4 ,some of the fuses give way when the current is not too strong2 this is owing to imperfections in the fuses1 and they must be replaced by spare ones4 ,for the sake of economy1 it is well not to run the lamps too bright4 ,without giving the lamps the maximum current a very good light can be obtained1 and they will last all the longer4 ,i need hardly say that there is a medium in this as in everything else1 and it does not look well when a candle is placed alongside of an electric lamp to enable a person to read or write in comfort4 ,all this time the dynamo is running1 and we must feel the bearings occasionally to see if they are keeping cool4 ,there will be no trouble if the lubrication is all right4 ,if the oil does not get into the bearings as it should do1 they will heat1 jam the spindle1 or seize1 and bring up the engine or break the belt4 ,the lights will then all go out1 and everybody will say hard things of the electric light1 while the fault really rests with us4 ,sometimes seizing occurs through the spindle not being slack enough in the bearings1 but this generally occurs while testing the dynamo at the works4 ,it must be borne in mind that in dynamos the spindle must be a good fit1 and there may be room in the bearings for ordinary engine-oil while there may not be for a thicker oil1 such as castor oil4 ,therefore1 if the bearings show a tendency to heat1 it may improve matters to thin the oil used with petroleum4 ,while giving the dynamo its proper supply of oil1 we must only apply it in the proper places4 ,if we let the bobbins get smothered in oil1 the insulating material on the wire will get rotted1 and a short circuiting will probably take place4 ,the dynamo cannot be kept too clean1 and there should be a canvas cover to put over it while not in use1 especially while coaling4 ,we will suppose that all is going on right2 a steward comes along and says3 ,mr4 ,so-and-so1 ,i cannot get the lamp in number #f berth to light although ,i have turned the switch the right way4 ,all right1 ,i will go and look at it1 you answer4 ,now1 let us see what is the matter4 ,we unhook or unscrew the lamp1 and look at the filament2 it is not broken4 ,we replace the lamp again1 and are careful that it makes good contact2 but still no light4 ,let us look at the safety fuse2 why1 there is none6 it has been missed out4 ,we get one of the spare ones out of our electric store1 and put it in its place1 and the lamp lights properly at once4 ,we find another lamp out1 and look at it4 ,we see at once that the filament is broken1 so there is no question about this one2 it must be changed4 ,hallo6 what is up with this one8 it goes in and out all the time like a flash light4 ,the current must be getting to it all right1 otherwise it would not light at all4 ,i see what it is2 it is a ,swan lamp1 and the spring is not pressing quite fairly on it1 so that one hook is making good contact1 while the other tightens and slacks with the vibration of the ship4 ,this is soon set right by turning the spring round a little1 or hooking the lamp the other way4 ,or it is an ,edison lamp1 which has got slightly unscrewed1 and no longer makes good contact at the back end of the holder4 ,in some lamp-fittings the ends of the leads are held in a spring grip in the base of the bracket1 and it may happen that they have slipped out1 and so broken the circuit1 and extinguished the light4 ,in the ,swan lamps1 and others of a similar pattern1 one of the little platinum loops in the base of the lamps sometimes gets broken off2 the lamp is then of no further use4 ,to recapitulate1 if a lamp goes out1 the first thing is to see if the filament is broken1 next if it makes good contact4 ,if it does not then light up1 see if there is any current getting to it2 this may be found out by touching the two hooks in a ,swan holder1 or the back and side of an ,edison screw holder1 with a moistened finger4 ,with a current of #ej volts a slight tickling sensation will be felt if the current is passing through4 ,if this cannot be felt1 there must be some part or other disconnected1 perhaps the safety fuse has given out1 or the ends of the leads got adrift from the bracket4 ,if in any doubt about the lamp1 try another in the same place4 ,in some steamers incandescent lamps are used in the side lamps2 they can easily be fitted for this purpose1 especially when the ship is provided with lighthouses built in1 as in the ,anchor ,line steamers4 ,two or more incandescent lamps can be arranged on a small stand1 which will slide into the lantern1 taking the place of the regulation oil lamp1 and connected by flexible leads to the other leads4 ,it would be easy to put six #bj-;candle power lamps in a group in each lantern1 as it does not matter in what position they are placed2 two might be used on ordinary occasions1 while on a foggy night1 the whole six could be switched on4 ,if one lamp went out through the filament giving way1 it would not affect the others1 so that there would still be a light in the lantern4 ,if1 through some breakdown of the engine or dynamo1 the electric current were no longer to be had1 then it would only be necessary to withdraw the stand of lamps1 and put in the ordinary regulation oil-lamp4 ,the mast-head lamp could also be fitted with the electric light1 as indeed has already been done4 ,on no account1 however1 should an arc light be used1 as besides being too dazzling1 it is much too uncertain2 in fact many other reasons could be given for rejecting it4 ,it is even a question whether it is an advantage to have incandescent lamps for a mast-head light4 ,there is certainly the great advantage of not having to pull the lamp up and down to trim it1 a rather risky performance in heavy weather1 and also of the light not being affected by any wind that may get into the lamp2 though as regards the first1 ,english officers would never be satisfied to see a lamp dangling on the stay all day long1 as appears to be the custom in some foreign steamers1 besides which it would have to be lowered to be cleaned outside4 ,the present mast-head lights are quite powerful enough already1 too much so when compared with the side lights4 ,i am not aware of any collisions having occurred through a mast-head light not being seen in time1 but how many from the side lights not being seen6 ,it was no doubt contemplated1 as indeed the regulations show1 that no lights should be visible about a vessel1 except the regulation lights2 but many who have seen a large passenger steamer go past will have noticed how her side was--one1 two1 or three rows of dazzling bright lights1 and will have looked almost in vain for the green or red light dimly visible in the midst of all the bright ones4 ,if bright electric lights1 therefore1 are shining through the ports1 we must have our side lights at least as bright1 so as to give them a chance of being seen4 ,if electric lamps are used as side lights1 the dynamo must be kept running all night4 ,if it is thought desirable to put out all unnecessary lights at #aa ,p4,m41 the leads can be so arranged that these lights can be all on one or more circuits1 and the necessary ones on another4 ,although the dynamo will have to go at nearly the same speed throughout the night1 it will not have the same amount of work to do1 and the engine will therefore use much less steam1 the consumption being in proportion to the number of lights used4 ,an economical engineer will therefore see that bedroom lamps are not kept lighted all the evening without any necessity4 ,on shore we should never think of keeping gas-lights blazing away for no purpose1 and why should we use electricity with more lavishness1 especially when it is so easy to turn a light on or off4 ,the switches might with advantage be painted with ,balmain's luminous paint1 and there would then be no trouble in finding them in the dark4 ,it is well to know that on board ship1 probably in all cases of electric lighting1 there is no danger to life to be apprehended from touching any of the leads where bare1 or indeed any part of the dynamos1 as the ,e4,m4,f4 is usually not more than #ej volts4 ,it is best1 however1 not to try any experiments1 and it is a good general rule1 not to touch a bare part of a dynamo or lead with both hands at the same time4 ,the fear of getting hurt has the good effect of keeping passengers and others from meddling with their lamps4 ,i have said nothing about the use of electric lights in binnacles1 though it would be a great advantage to be able to supply them with a good steady light quite unaffected by wind4 ,there is an obstacle to their use for this purpose1 in that the electric current being used near the compass1 the latter is affected by it4 ,in theory1 an alternating current should have no effect2 but it would require very exhaustive experiments to be made before enough confidence could be inspired concerning its innocence1 and ,i fancy it would usually be looked upon with great suspicion by captains and officers of ships4 ,the dynamo being made up of powerful magnets1 must of course be always at a good distance from the compasses4 ,in some installations on iron steamers1 the return leads have been dispensed with1 the iron of the ship carrying the current back1 in the same way that the earth or sea does it in a telegraph circuit4 ,it is to be observed that a dynamo with brushes on the commutator is not necessarily a ,brush dynamo as a good many people seem to think1 the latter being named after its inventor1 ,mr4 ,brush4 ,a dynamo is not a battery as some people call it1 and there is no need for multiplying names4 ,a pocket speed-indicator should be supplied for testing the speed of the dynamo1 to see that it is kept up to proper speed1 and that the belt 7if used7 does not slip to an unreasonable extent4 ,i think ,i have now said enough to redeem my introductory promise1 and if ,i have1 so to speak1 let more electric light on to a subject previously dark to a good many people1 ,i shall be well satisfied with my labour1 and ,i hope that those who peruse this book will be induced to go more deeply into the subject by means of the many good books which have been written by cleverer men than ,i1 and which enter more thoroughly into all its details4 ,illustration ,,london ,,printed ,,by ,,william ,,clowes ,,and ,,sons1 ,,limited1 ,,stamford ,,street ,,and ,,charing ,,cross4 ,,books ,,relating ,,to ,,applied ,,science1 ,,published ,,by ,e4 ,f4 ,n4 ,,spon1 ,,london3 #abe1 ,,strand4 ,,new ,,york3 #ce1 ,,murray ,,street4 ,a ,pocket-,book for ,chemists1 ,chemical ,manufacturers1 ,metallurgists1 ,dyers1 ,distillers1 ,brewers1 ,sugar ,refiners1 ,photographers1 ,students1 etc41 etc4 ,by ,,thomas ,,bayley1 ,assoc4 ,r4,c4 ,sc4 ,ireland1 ,analytical and ,consulting ,chemist and ,assayer4 ,fourth edition1 with additions1 #dcg pp41 royal #cbmo1 roan1 gilt edges1 #es4 ,,synopsis ,,of ,,contents3 ,atomic ,weights and ,factors--,useful ,data--,chemical ,calculations-- ,rules for ,indirect ,analysis--,weights and ,measures--,thermometers and ,barometers--,chemical ,physics--,boiling ,points1 etc4--,solubility of ,substances--,methods of ,obtaining ,specific ,gravity--,conversion of ,hydrometers--,strength of ,solutions by ,specific ,gravity--,analysis-- ,gas ,analysis--,water ,analysis--,qualitative ,analysis and ,reactions-- ,volumetric ,analysis--,manipulation--,mineralogy--, assaying--,alcohol-- ,beer--,sugar--,miscellaneous ,technological matter relating to ,potash1 ,soda1 ,sulphuric ,acid1 ,chlorine1 ,tar ,products1 ,petroleum1 ,milk1 ,tallow1 ,photography1 ,prices1 ,wages1 ,appendix1 etc41 etc4 ,the ,mechanician3 ,a ,treatise on the ,construction and ,manipulation of ,tools1 for the use and instruction of ,young ,engineers and ,scientific ,amateurs1 comprising the ,arts of ,blacksmithing and ,forging2 the ,construction and ,manufacture of ,hand ,tools1 and the various ,methods of ,using and ,grinding them2 the ,construction of ,machine ,tools1 and how to work them2 ,machine ,fitting and ,erection2 description of ,hand and ,machine ,processes2 ,turning and ,screw ,cutting2 principles of ,constructing and details of ,making and ,erecting ,steam ,engines1 and the various details of setting out work1 etc41 etc4 ,by ,,cameron ,,knight1 ,engineer4 ,containing #aadg illustrations1 and #cig pages of letter-press1 ,fourth edition1 #dto1 cloth1 #ahs4 ,just ,published1 in ,demy #hvo1 cloth1 containing #ige pages and #bej ,illustrations1 price #gs4 #f;d4 ,,spons' ,,household ,,manual3 ,a ,treasury of ,domestic ,receipts and ,guide for ,home ,management4 ,,principal ,,contents4 ,hints for selecting a good ,house1 pointing out the essential requirements for a good house as to the ,site1 ,soil1 ,trees1 ,aspect1 ,construction1 and ,general ,arrangement2 with instructions for ,reducing ,echoes1 ,waterproofing ,damp ,walls1 ,curing ,damp ,cellars4 ,sanitation4--,what should constitute a good ,sanitary ,arrangement2 ,examples 7with illustrations7 of ,well--and ,ill-drained ,houses2 ,how to ,test ,drains2 ,ventilating ,pipes1 etc4 ,water ,supply4--,care of ,cisterns2 ,sources of ,supply2 ,pipes2 ,pumps2 ,purification and ,filtration of ,water4 ,ventilation and ,warming4--,methods of ,ventilating without causing cold draughts1 by various means2 ,principles of ,warming2 ,health ,questions2 ,combustion2 ,open ,grates2 ,open ,stoves2 ,fuel ,economisers2 ,varieties of ,grates2 ,close-,fire ,stoves2 ,hot-air ,furnaces2 ,gas ,heating2 ,oil ,stoves2 ,steam ,heating2 ,chemical ,heaters2 ,management of ,flues2 and ,cure of ,smoky ,chimneys4 ,lighting4--,the best methods of ,lighting2 ,candles1 ,oil ,lamps1 ,gas1 ,incandescent ,gas1 ,electric ,light2 ,how to test ,gas ,pipes2 ,management of ,gas4 ,furniture and ,decoration4--,hints on the ,selection of ,furniture2 on the most approved methods of ,modern ,decoration2 on the best methods of arranging ,bells and ,calls2 ,how to ,construct an ,electric ,bell4 ,thieves and ,fire4--,precautions against ,thieves and ,fire2 ,methods of ,detection2 ,domestic ,fire ,escapes2 ,fireproofing ,clothes1 etc4 ,the ,larder4--,keeping ,food fresh for a limited time2 ,storing ,food without change1 such as ,fruits1 ,vegetables1 ,eggs1 ,honey1 etc4 ,curing ,foods for lengthened ,preservation1 as ,smoking1 ,salting1 ,canning1 ,potting1 ,pickling1 ,bottling ,fruits1 etc42 ,jams1 ,jellies1 ,marmalade1 etc4 ,the ,dairy4--,the ,building and ,fitting of ,dairies in the most approved modern style2 ,butter-making2 ,cheesemaking and ,curing4 ,the ,cellar4--,building and ,fitting2 ,cleaning ,casks and ,bottles2 ,corks and ,corking2 ,aerated ,drinks2 ,syrups for ,drinks2 ,beers2 ,bitters2 ,cordials and ,liqueurs2 ,wines2 ,miscellaneous ,drinks4 ,the ,pantry4--,bread-making2 ,ovens and ,pyrometers2 ,yeast2 ,german ,yeast2 ,biscuits2 ,cakes2 ,fancy ,breads2 ,buns4 ,the ,kitchen4--,on ,fitting ,kitchens2 a description of the best ,cooking ,ranges1 close and open2 the ,management and ,care of ,hot ,plates1 ,baking ,ovens1 ,dampers1 ,flues1 and ,chimneys2 ,cooking by ,gas2 ,cooking by ,oil2 the ,arts of ,roasting1 ,grilling1 ,boiling1 ,stewing1 ,braising1 ,frying4 ,receipts for ,dishes4--,soups1 ,fish1 ,meat1 ,game1 ,poultry1 ,vegetables1 ,salads1 ,puddings1 ,pastry1 ,confectionery1 ,ices1 etc41 etc42 ,foreign ,dishes4 ,the ,housewife's ,room4--,testing ,air1 ,water1 and ,foods2 ,cleaning and ,renovating2 ,destroying ,vermin4 ,housekeeping1 ,marketing4 ,the ,dining-,room4--,dietetics2 ,laying and ,waiting at ,table2 ,carving2 ,dinners1 ,breakfasts1 ,luncheons1 ,teas1 ,suppers1 etc4 ,the ,drawing-,room4--,etiquette2 ,dancing2 ,amateur ,theatricals2 ,tricks and ,illusions2 ,games 7indoor74 ,the ,bedroom and ,dressing-,room2 ,sleep2 the ,toilet2 ,dress2 ,buying ,clothes2 ,outfits2 ,fancy ,dress4 ,the ,nursery4--,the ,room2 ,clothing2 ,washing2 ,exercise2 ,sleep2 ,feeding2 ,teething2 ,illness2 ,home ,training4 ,the ,sick-,room4--,the ,room2 the ,nurse2 the ,bed2 ,sick ,room ,accessories2 ,feeding ,patients2 ,invalid ,dishes and ,drinks2 ,administering ,physic2 ,domestic ,remedies2 ,accidents and ,emergencies2 ,bandaging2 ,burns2 ,carrying ,injured ,persons2 ,wounds2 ,drowning2 ,fits2 ,frost-bites2 ,poisons and ,antidotes2 ,sunstroke2 ,common ,complaints2 ,disinfection1 etc4 ,the ,bath-,room4--,bathing in ,general2 ,management of ,hot-,water ,system4 ,the ,laundry4--,small ,domestic ,washing ,machines1 and methods of getting up linen2 ,fitting up and ,working a ,steam ,laundry4 ,the ,school-,room4--,the ,room and its ,fittings2 ,teaching1 etc4 ,the ,playground4--,air and ,exercise2 ,training2 ,outdoor ,games and ,sports4 ,the ,workroom4--,darning1 ,patching1 and ,mending ,garments4 ,the ,library4-,care of ,books4 ,the ,garden4--,calendar of ,operations for ,lawn1 ,flower ,garden1 and ,kitchen ,garden4 ,the ,farmyard4--,management of the ,horse1 ,cow1 ,pig1 ,poultry1 ,bees1 etc41 etc4 ,small ,motors4--,a description of the various small ,engines useful for domestic purposes1 from #a man to #a horse power1 worked by various methods1 such as ,electric ,engines1 ,gas ,engines1 ,petroleum ,engines1 ,steam ,engines1 ,condensing ,engines1 ,water ,power1 ,wind ,power1 and the various methods of working and managing them4 ,household ,law4--,the ,law relating to ,landlords and ,tenants1 ,lodgers1 ,servants1 ,parochial ,authorities1 ,juries1 ,insurance1 ,nuisance1 etc4 ,on ,designing ,belt ,gearing4 ,by ,e4 ,j4 ,,cowling ,,welch1 ,mem4 ,inst4 ,mech4 ,engineers1 ,author of ',designing ,valve ,gearing4' ,fcap4 #hvo1 sewed1 #f;d4 ,a ,handbook of ,formulae1 ,tables1 and ,memoranda1 for ,architectural ,surveyors and others engaged in ,building4 ,by ,j4 ,t4 ,,hurst1 ,c4 ,e4 ,fourteenth edition1 royal #cbmo1 roan1 #es4 ,it is no disparagement to the many excellent publications we refer to1 to say that in our opinion this little pocket-book of ,hurst's is the very best of them all1 without any exception4 ,it would be useless to attempt a recapitulation of the contents1 for it appears to contain almost everything that anyone connected with building could require1 and1 best of all1 made up in a compact form for carrying in the pocket1 measuring only #e in4 by #c in41 and about #a_/d in4 thick1 in a limp cover4 ,we congratulate the author on the success of his laborious and practically compiled little book1 which has received unqualified and deserved praise from every professional person to whom we have shown it4--,the ,dublin ,builder4 ,tabulated ,weights of ,angle1 ,tee1 ,bulb1 ,round1 ,square1 and ,flat ,iron and ,steel1 and other information for the use of ,naval ,architects and ,shipbuilders4 ,by ,c4 ,h4 ,,jordan1 ,m4,i4,n4,a4 ,fourth edition1 #cbmo1 cloth1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,a ,complete ,set of ,contract ,documents for a ,country ,lodge1 comprising ,drawings1 ,specifications1 ,dimensions 7for quantities71 ,abstracts1 ,bill of ,quantities1 ,form of ,tender and ,contract1 with ,notes by ,j4 ,,leaning1 printed in facsimile of the original documents1 on single sheets fcap41 in paper case1 #ajs4 ,a ,practical ,treatise on ,heat1 as applied to the ,useful ,arts2 for the ,use of ,engineers1 ,architects1 c4 ,by ,,thomas ,,box4 ,with #ad plates4 ,third edition1 crown #hvo1 cloth1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,a ,descriptive ,treatise on ,mathematical ,drawing ,instruments3 their construction1 uses1 qualities1 selection1 preservation1 and suggestions for improvements1 with hints upon ,drawing and ,colouring4 ,by ,w4 ,f4 ,,stanley1 ,m4,r4,i4 ,fifth edition1 with numerous illustrations1 crown #hvo1 cloth1 #es4 ,quantity ,surveying1 ,by ,j4 ,,leaning4 ,with #db illustrations4 ,second edition1 revised1 crown #hvo1 cloth1 #is4 ,,contents3 ,a complete ,explanation of the ,london ,practice4 ,general ,instructions4 ,order of ,taking ,off4 ,modes of ,measurement of the various ,trades4 ,use and ,waste4 ,ventilation and ,warming4 ,credits1 with various ,examples of ,treatment4 ,abbreviations4 ,squaring the ,dimensions4 ,abstracting1 with ,examples in illustration of each ,trade4 ,billing4 ,examples of ,preambles to each ,trade4 ,form for a ,bill of ,quantities4 ,do4 ,bill of ,credits4 ,do4 ,bill for ,alternative ,estimate4 ,restorations and ,repairs1 and ,form of ,bill4 ,variations before ,acceptance of ,tender4 ,errors in a ,builder's ,estimate4 ,schedule of ,prices4 ,form of ,schedule of ,prices4 ,analysis of ,schedule of ,prices4 ,adjustment of ,accounts4 ,form of a ,bill of ,variations4 ,remarks on ,specifications4 ,prices and ,valuation of ,work1 with ,examples and ,remarks upon each ,trade4 ,the ,law as it affects ,quantity ,surveyors1 with ,law ,reports4 ,taking ,off after the ,old ,method4 ,northern ,practice4 ,the ,general ,statement of the ,methods recommended by the ,manchester ,society of ,architects for taking ,quantities4 ,examples of ,collections4 ,examples of ,taking ,off in each ,trade4 ,remarks on the ,past and ,present ,methods of ,estimating4 ,spons' ,architects' and ,builders' ,pocket-,book of ,prices and ,memoranda4 ,edited by ,w4 ,,young1 ,architect4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 ,published annually4 ,fifteenth edition4 ,now ready4 ,long-,span ,railway ,bridges1 comprising ,investigations of the ,comparative ,theoretical and ,practical ,advantages of the various adopted or proposed ,type ,systems of ,construction1 with numerous ,formulae and ,tables giving the weight of ,iron or ,steel required in ,bridges from #cjj feet to the limiting ,spans2 to which are added similar ,investigations and ,tables relating to ,short-span ,railway ,bridges4 ,second and revised edition4 ,by ,b4 ,,baker1 ,assoc4 ,inst4 ,c4,e4 ,plates1 crown #hvo1 cloth1 #es4 ,elementary ,theory and ,calculation of ,iron ,bridges and ,roofs4 ,by ,,august ,,ritter1 ,ph4,d41 ,professor at the ,polytechnic ,school at ,aix-la-,chapelle4 ,translated from the third ,german edition1 by ,h4 ,r4 ,,sankey1 ,capt4 ,r4,e4 ,with #ejj illustrations1 #hvo1 cloth1 #aes4 ,the ,elementary ,principles of ,carpentry4 ,by ,,thomas ,,tredgold4 ,revised from the original edition1 and partly re-written1 by ,,john ,,thomas ,,hurst4 ,contained in #eag pages of letter-press1 and illustrated with #dh plates and #aej wood engravings4 ,sixth edition1 reprinted from the third1 crown #hvo1 cloth1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,section ,i4 ,on the ,equality and ,distribution of ,forces--,section ,,ii4 ,resistance of ,timber--,section ,,iii4 ,construction of ,floors--,section ,,iv4 ,construction of ,roofs--,section ,v4 ,construction of ,domes and ,cupolas--,section ,,vi4 ,construction of ,partitions--,section ,,vii4 ,scaffolds1 ,staging1 and ,gantries--,section ,,viii4 ,construction of ,centres for ,bridges--,section ,,ix4 ,coffer-dams1 ,shoring1 and ,strutting--,section ,x4 ,wooden ,bridges and ,viaducts--,section ,,xi4 ,joints1 ,straps1 and other ,fastenings--,section ,,xii4 ,timber4 ,the ,builder's ,clerk3 a ,guide to the ,management of a ,builder's ,business4 ,by ,,thomas ,,bales4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,our ,factories1 ,workshops1 and ,warehouses3 their ,sanitary and ,fire-,resisting ,arrangements4 ,by ,b4 ,h4 ,thwaite1 ,assoc4 ,mem4 ,inst4 ,c4,e4 ,with #ahc wood engravings1 crown #hvo1 cloth1 #is4 ,gold3 ,its ,occurrence and ,extraction1 embracing the ,geographical and ,geological ,distribution and the ,mineralogical ,characters of ,gold-bearing rocks2 the peculiar features and modes of working ,shallow ,placers1 ,rivers1 and ,deep ,leads2 ,hydraulicing2 the ,reduction and ,separation of ,auriferous ,quartz2 the treatment of complex ,auriferous ores containing other metals2 a ,bibliography of the subject and a ,glossary of ,technical and ,foreign ,terms4 ,by ,alfred ,g4 ,lock1 ,f4,r4,g4,s4 ,with numerous illustrations and maps1 #abej pp41 super-royal #hvo1 cloth1 #bl4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,iron ,roofs3 ,examples of ,design1 ,description4 ,illustrated with #fd ,working ,drawings of ,executed ,roofs4 ,by ,,arthur ,t4 ,,walmisley1 ,assoc4 ,mem4 ,inst4 ,c4,e4 ,second edition1 revised1 imp4 #dto1 half-morocco1 #cl4 #cs4 ,a ,history of ,electric ,telegraphy1 to the ,year #ahcg4 ,chiefly compiled from ,original ,sources1 and hitherto ,unpublished ,documents1 by ,j4 ,j4 ,,fahie1 ,mem4 ,soc4 of ,tel4 ,engineers1 and of the ,international ,society of ,electricians1 ,paris4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 #is4 ,spons' ,information for ,colonial ,engineers4 ,edited by ,j4 ,t4 ,,hurst4 ,demy #hvo1 sewed4 ,no4 #a1 ,ceylon4 ,by ,,abraham ,,deane1 ,c4,e4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,contents3 ,introductory ,remarks--,natural ,productions--,architecture and ,engineering--,topography1 ,trade1 and ,natural ,history--,principal ,stations--,weights and ,measures1 etc41 etc4 ,no4 #b4 ,southern ,africa1 including the ,cape ,colony1 ,natal1 and the ,dutch ,republics4 ,by ,,henry ,,hall1 ,f4,r4,g4,s41 ,f4,r4,c4,i4 ,with ,map4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,contents3 ,general ,description of ,south ,africa--,physical ,geography with reference to ,engineering ,operations--,notes on ,labour and ,material in ,cape ,colony--,geological ,notes on ,rock ,formation in ,south ,africa--,engineering ,instruments for ,use in ,south ,africa--,principal ,public ,works in ,cape ,colony3 ,railways1 ,mountain ,roads and ,passes1 ,harbour ,works1 ,bridges1 ,gas ,works1 ,irrigation and ,water ,supply1 ,lighthouses1 ,drainage and ,sanitary ,engineering1 ,public ,buildings1 ,mines--,table of ,woods in ,south ,africa--,animals used for ,draught ,purposes--,statistical ,notes--,table of ,distances--,rates of ,carriage1 etc4 ,no4 #c4 ,india4 ,by ,f4 ,c4 ,,danvers1 ,assoc4 ,inst4 ,c4,e4 ,with ,map4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,contents3 ,physical ,geography of ,india--,building ,materials--,roads--,railways-- ,bridges--,irrigation--,river ,works--,harbours--,lighthouse ,buildings-- ,native ,labour--,the ,principal ,trees of ,india--,money--,weights and ,measures--,glossary of ,indian ,terms1 etc4 ,a ,practical ,treatise on ,coal ,mining4 ,by ,,george ,g4 ,,andre1 ,f4,g4,s41 ,assoc4 ,inst4 ,c4,e41 ,member of the ,society of ,engineers4 ,with #hb lithographic plates4 #b vols41 royal #dto1 cloth1 #cl4 #abs4 ,a ,practical ,treatise on ,casting and ,founding1 including descriptions of the modern machinery employed in the art4 ,by ,n4 ,e4 ,,spretson1 ,engineer4 ,third edition1 with #hb plates drawn to scale1 #dab pp41 demy #hvo1 cloth1 #ahs4 ,the ,depreciation of ,factories and their ,valuation4 ,by ,,ewing ,,matheson1 ,m4 ,inst4 ,c4,e4 #hvo1 cloth1 #fs4 ,a ,handbook of ,electrical ,testing4 ,by ,h4 ,r4 ,,kempe1 ,m4,s4,t4,e4 ,fourth edition1 revised and enlarged1 crown #hvo1 cloth1 #afs4 ,gas ,works3 their ,arrangement1 ,construction1 ,plant1 and ,machinery4 ,by ,f4 ,,colyer1 ,m4 ,inst4 ,c4,e4 ,with #ca folding plates1 #hvo1 cloth1 #bds4 ,the ,clerk of ,works3 a ,vade-,mecum for all engaged in the ,superintendence of ,building ,operations4 ,by ,g4 ,g4 ,,hoskins1 ,f4,r4,i4,b4,a4 ,third edition1 fcap4 #hvo1 cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,american ,foundry ,practice3 ,treating of ,loam1 ,dry ,sand1 and ,green ,sand ,moulding1 and containing a ,practical ,treatise upon the ,management of ,cupolas1 and the ,melting of ,iron4 ,by ,t4 ,d4 ,,west1 ,practical ,iron ,moulder and ,foundry ,foreman4 ,second edition1 with numerous illustrations1 crown #hvo1 cloth1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,the ,maintenance of ,macadamised ,roads4 ,by ,t4 ,,codrington1 ,m4,i4,c4,e1 ,f4,g4,s41 ,general ,superintendent of ,county ,roads for ,south ,wales4 #hvo1 cloth1 #fs4 ,hydraulic ,steam and ,hand ,power ,lifting and ,pressing ,machinery4 ,by ,,frederick ,,colyer1 ,m4 ,inst4 ,c4,e41 ,m4 ,inst4 ,m4,e4 ,with #gc plates1 #hvo1 cloth1 #ahs4 ,pumps and ,pumping ,machinery4 ,by ,f4 ,,colyer1 ,m4,i4,c4,e41 ,m4,i4,m4,e4 ,with #bc folding plates1 #hvo1 cloth1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,pumps and ,pumping ,machinery4 ,by ,f4 ,,colyer4 ,second ,part4 ,with #aa large plates1 #hvo1 cloth1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,a ,treatise on the ,origin1 ,progress1 ,prevention1 and ,cure of ,dry ,rot in ,timber2 with ,remarks on the ,means of ,preserving ,wood from ,destruction by ,sea-,worms1 ,beetles1 ,ants1 etc4 ,by ,,thomas ,,allen ,,britton1 late ,surveyor to the ,metropolitan ,board of ,works1 etc41 etc4 ,with #aj plates1 crown #hvo1 cloth1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,the ,municipal and ,sanitary ,engineer's ,handbook4 ,by ,h4 ,,percy ,,boulnois1 ,mem4 ,inst4 ,c4,e41 ,borough ,engineer1 ,portsmouth4 ,with numerous illustrations1 demy #hvo1 cloth1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,,contents3 ,the ,appointment and ,duties of the ,town ,surveyor--,traffic-- ,macadamised ,roadways--,steam ,rolling--,road ,metal and ,breaking-- ,pitched ,pavements--,asphalte--,wood ,pavements--,footpaths--,kerbs and ,gutters--,street ,naming and ,numbering--,street ,lighting--,sewerage-- ,ventilation of ,sewers--,disposal of ,sewage--,house ,drainage-- ,disinfection--,gas and ,water ,companies1 etc41 ,breaking up ,streets-- ,improvement of ,private ,streets--,borrowing ,powers--,artizans' and ,labourers' ,dwellings--,public ,conveniences--,scavenging1 including ,street ,cleansing--,watering and the ,removing of ,snow--,planting ,street ,trees--,deposit of ,plans--,dangerous ,buildings--,hoardings-- ,obstructions--,improving ,street ,lines--,cellar ,openings--,public ,pleasure ,grounds--,cemeteries--,mortuaries--,cat tle and ,ordinary ,markets--,public ,slaughter-houses1 etc4--,giving numerous ,forms of ,notices1 ,specifications1 and ,general ,information upon these and other subjects of great importance to ,municipal ,engineers and others engaged in ,sanitary ,work4 ,metrical ,tables4 ,by ,g4 ,l4 ,,molesworth1 ,m4,i4,c4,e4 #cbmo1 cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,contents3 ,general--,linear ,measures--,square ,measures--,cubic ,measures--,measures of ,capacity--,weights--,combinations--,the rmometers4 ,elements of ,construction for ,electro-,magnets4 ,by ,count ,,th4 ,,du ,,moncel1 ,mem4 de ,i'lnstitut de ,france4 ,translated from the ,french by ,c4 ,j4 ,,wharton4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,practical ,electrical ,units ,popularly ,explained1 with numerous illustrations and ,remarks4 ,by ,,james ,,swinburne1 late of ,j4 ,w4 ,swan and ,co41 ,paris1 late of ,brush-,swan ,electric ,light ,company1 ,u4,s4,a4 #ahmo1 cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,a ,treatise on the ,use of ,belting for the ,transmission of ,power4 ,by ,j4 ,h4 ,,cooper4 ,second edition1 illustrated1 #hvo1 cloth1 #aes4 ,a ,pocket-,book of ,useful ,formulae and ,memoranda for ,civil and ,mechanical ,engineers4 ,by ,,guilford ,l4 ,,molesworth1 ,mem4 ,inst4 ,c4,e41 ,consulting ,engineer to the ,government of ,india for ,state ,railways4 ,with numerous illustrations1 #gdd pp4 ,twenty-first edition1 revised and enlarged1 #cbmo1 roan1 #fs4 ,,synopsis ,,of ,,contents3 ,surveying1 ,levelling1 etc4--,strength and ,weight of ,materials-- ,earthwork1 ,brickwork1 ,masonry1 ,arches1 etc4--,struts1 ,columns1 ,beams1 and ,trusses--,flooring1 ,roofing1 and ,roof ,trusses--,girders1 ,bridges1 etc4--,railways and ,roads--,hydraulic ,formulae--,canals1 ,sewers1 ,waterworks1 ,docks--,irrigation and ,breakwaters--,gas1 ,ventilation1 and ,warming--,heat1 ,light1 ,colour1 and ,sound--,gravity3 ,centres1 ,forces1 and ,powers--,millwork1 ,teeth of ,wheels1 ,shafting1 etc4--,workshop ,recipes--,sundry ,machinery--,animal ,power--,steam and the ,steam ,engine--,water-power1 ,water-wheels1 ,turbines1 etc4--,wind and ,windmills--,steam ,navigation1 ,ship ,building1 ,tonnage1 etc4-- ,gunnery1 ,projectiles1 etc4--,weights1 ,measures1 and ,money-- ,trigonometry1 ,conic ,sections1 and ,curves--,telegraphy--,mensuration-- ,tables of ,areas and ,circumference1 and ,arcs of ,circles--,logarithms1 ,square and ,cube ,roots1 ,powers--,reciprocals1 etc4--,useful ,numbers-- ,differential and ,integral ,calculus--,algebraic ,signs--,telegraphic ,construction and ,formulae4 ,hints on ,architectural ,draughtsmanship4 ,by ,g4 ,w4 ,,tuxford ,,hallatt4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 cloth1 #as4 #f;d4 ,spons' ,tables and ,memoranda for ,engineers2 selected and arranged by ,j4 ,t4 ,,hurst1 ,c4,e41 ,author of ',architectural ,surveyors' ,handbook1' ',hurst's ,tredgold's ,carpentry1' etc4 ,ninth edition1 #fdmo1 roan1 gilt edges1 #as42 or in cloth case1 #as4 #f;d4 ,this work is printed in a pearl type1 and is so small1 measuring only #b-a_/b in4 by #a-a_/d in4 by #a_/d in4 thick1 that it may be easily carried in the waistcoat pocket4 ,it is certainly an extremely rare thing for a reviewer to be called upon to notice a volume measuring but #b-a_/b in4 by #a-a_/d in41 yet these dimensions faithfully represent the size of the handy little book before us4 ,the volume--which contains #aah printed pages1 besides a few blank pages for memoranda--is1 in fact1 a true pocket-book1 adapted for being carried in the waistcoat pocket1 and containing a far greater amount and variety of information than most people would imagine could be compressed into so small a space4444 ,the little volume has been compiled with considerable care and judgment1 and we can cordially recommend it to our readers as a useful little pocket companion4--,engineering4 ,a ,practical ,treatise on ,natural and ,artificial ,concrete1 its ,varieties and ,constructive ,adaptations4 ,by ,,henry ,,reid1 ,author of the ',science and ,art of the ,manufacture of ,portland ,cement4' ,new ,edition1 with #ei woodcuts and #e plates1 #hvo1 cloth1 #aes4 ,notes on ,concrete and ,works in ,concrete2 especially written to assist those engaged upon ,public ,works4 ,by ,,john ,,newman1 ,assoc4 ,mem4 ,inst4 ,c4,e41 crown #hvo1 cloth1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,electricity as a ,motive ,power4 ,by ,count ,,th4 ,,du ,,moncel1 ,membre de l',institut de ,france1 and ,,frank ,,geraldy1 ,ingenieur des ,ponts et ,chaussees4 ,translated and ,edited1 with ,additions1 by ,c4 ,j4 ,,wharton1 ,assoc4 ,soc4 ,tel4 ,eng4 and ,elec4 ,with #aac engravings and diagrams1 crown #hvo1 cloth1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,treatise on ,valve-,gears1 with special consideration of the ,link-,motions of ,locomotive ,engines4 ,by ,dr4 ,,gustav ,,zeuner1 ,professor of ,applied ,mechanics at the ,confederated ,polytechnikum of ,zurich4 ,translated from the ,fourth ,german ,edition1 by ,professor ,j4 ,f4 ,,klein1 ,lehigh ,university1 ,bethlehem1 ,pa4 ,illustrated1 #hvo1 cloth1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,the ,french-,polisher's ,manual4 ,by a ,french-,polisher2 containing ,timber ,staining1 ,washing1 ,matching1 ,improving1 ,painting1 ,imitations1 ,directions for ,staining1 ,sizing1 ,embodying1 ,smoothing1 ,spirit ,varnishing1 ,french-,polishing1 ,directions for ,re-polishing4 ,third edition1 royal #cbmo1 sewed1 #f;d4 ,hops1 their ,cultivation1 ,commerce1 and ,uses in various ,countries4 ,by ,p4 ,l4 ,,simmonds4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,the ,principles of ,graphic ,statics4 ,by ,,george ,,sydenham ,,clarke1 ,capt4 ,royal ,engineers4 ,with #aab illustrations4 #dto1 cloth1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,dynamo-,electric ,machinery3 ,a ,manual for ,students of ,electro-technics4 ,by ,,silvanus ,p4 ,,thompson1 ,b4,a41 ,d4,sc41 ,professor of ,experimental ,physics in ,university ,college1 ,bristol1 etc41 etc4 ,second edition1 illustrated1 #hvo1 cloth1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,practical ,geometry1 ,perspective1 and ,engineering ,drawing2 a ,course of ,descriptive ,geometry adapted to the ,requirements of the ,engineering ,draughtsman1 including the determination of cast shadows and ,isometric ,projection1 each chapter being followed by numerous examples2 to which are added rules for ,shading1 ,shade-lining1 etc41 together with practical instructions as to the ,lining1 ,colouring1 ,printing1 and general treatment of ,engineering ,drawings1 with a chapter on drawing ,instruments4 ,by ,,george ,s4 ,,clarke1 ,capt4 ,r4,e4 ,second edition1 with #ba plates4 #b vols41 cloth1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,the ,elements of ,graphic ,statics4 ,by ,professor ,,karl ,,von ,,ott1 translated from the ,german by ,g4 ,s4 ,,clarke1 ,capt4 ,r4,e41 ,instructor in ,mechanical ,drawing1 ,royal ,indian ,engineering ,college4 ,with #ic illustrations1 crown #hvo1 cloth1 #es4 ,a ,practical ,treatise on the ,manufacture and ,distribution of ,coal ,gas4 ,by ,,william ,,richards4 ,demy #dto1 with numerous wood engravings and #bi plates1 cloth1 #bhs4 ,,synopsis ,,of ,,contents3 ,introduction--,history of ,gas ,lighting--,chemistry of ,gas ,manufacture1 by ,lewis ,thompson1 ,esq41 ,m4,r4,c4,s4--,coal1 with ,analyses1 by ,j4 ,paterson1 ,lewis ,thompson1 and ,g4 ,r4 ,hislop1 ,esqrs4--,retorts1 ,iron and ,clay--,retort ,setting--,hydraulic ,main-- ,condensers--,exhausters--,washers and ,scrubbers--,purifiers-- ,purification--,history of ,gas ,holder--,tanks1 ,brick and ,stone1 ,composite1 ,concrete1 ,cast-iron1 ,compound ,annular ,wrought-iron-- ,specifications--,gas ,holders--,station ,meter--,governor-- ,distribution--,mains--,gas ,mathematics1 or ,formulae for the ,distribution of ,gas1 by ,lewis ,thompson1 ,esq4--,services--,consumers' ,meters--,regulators--,burners--,fitting s--,photometer--,carburization of ,gas--,air ,gas and ,water ,gas--,composition of ,coal ,gas1 by ,lewis ,thompson1 ,esq4--,analyses of ,gas--,influence of ,atmospheric ,pressure and ,temperature on ,gas--,residual ,products--,appendix--,description of ,retort ,settings1 ,buildings1 etc41 etc4 ,the ,new ,formula for ,mean ,velocity of ,discharge of ,rivers and ,canals4 ,by ,w4 ,r4 ,,kutter4 ,translated from articles in the ',cultur-,ingenieur1' by ,,lowis ,d',a4 ,,jackson1 ,assoc4 ,inst4 ,c4,e4 #hvo1 cloth1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,the ,practical ,millwright and ,engineer's ,ready ,reckoner2 or ,tables for finding the diameter and power of cog-wheels1 diameter1 weight1 and power of shafts1 diameter and strength of bolts1 etc4 ,by ,,thomas ,,dixon4 ,fourth edition1 #abmo1 cloth1 #cs4 ,tin3 ,describing the ,chief ,methods of ,mining1 ,dressing and ,smelting it abroad2 with ,notes upon ,arsenic1 ,bismuth and ,wolfram4 ,by ,,arthur ,g4 ,,charleton1 ,mem4 ,american ,inst4 of ,mining ,engineers4 ,with plates1 #hvo1 cloth1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,perspective1 ,explained and ,illustrated4 ,by ,g4 ,s4 ,,clarke1 ,capt4 ,r4,e4 ,with illustrations1 #hvo1 cloth1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,practical ,hydraulics2 a ,series of ,rules and ,tables for the use of ,engineers1 etc41 etc4 ,by ,,thomas ,,box4 ,fifth edition1 numerous plates1 post #hvo1 cloth1 #es4 ,the ,essential ,elements of ,practical ,mechanics2 based on the ,principle of ,work1 designed for ,engineering ,students4 ,by ,,oliver ,,byrne1 formerly ,professor of ,mathematics1 ,college for ,civil ,engineers4 ,third edition1 with #adh wood engravings1 post #hvo1 cloth1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,contents3 ,chap4 #a4 ,how ,work is ,measured by a ,unit1 both with and without reference to a ,unit of ,time--,chap4 #b4 ,the ,work of ,living ,agents1 the ,influence of ,friction1 and introduces one of the most beautiful ,laws of ,motion--,chap4 #c4 ,the principles expounded in the first and second chapters are applied to the ,motion of ,bodies--,chap4 #d4 ,the ,transmission of ,work by simple ,machines--,chap4 #e4 ,useful ,propositions and ,rules4 ,breweries and ,maltings3 their ,arrangement1 ,construction1 ,machinery1 and ,plant4 ,by ,g4 ,,scamell1 ,f4,r4,i4,b4,a4 ,second edition1 revised1 enlarged1 and partly rewritten4 ,by ,f4 ,,colyer1 ,m4,i4,c4,e41 ,m4,i4,m4,e4 ,with #bj plates1 #hvo1 cloth1 #ahs4 ,a ,practical ,treatise on the ,construction of ,horizontal and ,vertical ,waterwheels1 specially designed for the use of operative mechanics4 ,by ,,william ,,cullen1 ,millwright and ,engineer4 ,with #aa plates4 ,second edition1 revised and enlarged1 small #dto1 cloth1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,a ,practical ,treatise on ,mill-gearing1 ,wheels1 ,shafts1 ,riggers1 etc42 for the use of ,engineers4 ,by ,,thomas ,,box4 ,third edition1 with #aa plates4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,mining ,machinery3 a ,descriptive ,treatise on the ,machinery1 ,tools1 and other ,appliances used in ,mining4 ,by ,g4 ,g4 ,,andre1 ,f4,g4,s41 ,assoc4 ,inst4 ,c4,e41 ,mem4 of the ,society of ,engineers4 ,royal #dto1 uniform with the ,author's ,treatise on ,coal ,mining1 containing #ahb plates1 accurately drawn to scale1 with descriptive text1 in #b vols41 cloth1 #cl4 #abs4 ,,contents3 ,machinery for ,prospecting1 ,excavating1 ,hauling1 and ,hoisting-- ,ventilation--,pumping--,treatment of ,mineral ,products1 including ,gold and ,silver1 ,copper1 ,tin1 and ,lead1 ,iron1 ,coal1 ,sulphur1 ,china ,clay1 ,brick ,earth1 etc4 ,tables for ,setting out ,curves for ,railways1 ,canals1 ,roads1 etc41 varying from a radius of five chains to three miles4 ,by ,a4 ,,kennedy and ,r4 ,w4 ,,hackwood4 ,illustrated1 #cbmo1 cloth1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,the ,science and ,art of the ,manufacture of ,portland ,cement1 with observations on some of its constructive applications4 ,with #ff illustrations4 ,by ,,henry ,,reid1 ,c4,e41 ,author of ',a ,practical ,treatise on ,concrete1' etc41 etc4 #hvo1 cloth1 #ahs4 ,the ,draughtsman's ,handbook of ,plan and ,map ,drawing2 including instructions for the preparation of ,engineering1 ,architectural1 and ,mechanical ,drawings4 ,with numerous illustrations in the text1 and #cc plates 7#ae printed in colours74 ,by ,g4 ,g4 ,,andre1 ,f4,g4,s41 ,assoc4 ,inst4 ,c4,e4 #dto1 cloth1 #is4 ,,contents3 ,the ,drawing ,office and its ,furnishings--,geometrical ,problems-- ,lines1 ,dots1 and their ,combinations--,colours1 ,shading1 ,lettering1 ,bordering1 and ,north ,points--,scales--,plotting--,civil ,engineers' and ,surveyors' ,plans--,map ,drawing--,mechanical and ,architectural ,drawing--,copying and ,reducing ,trigonometrical ,formulae1 etc41 etc4 ,the ,boiler-maker's and ,iron ,ship-builder's ,companion1 comprising a series of original and carefully calculated tables1 of the utmost utility to persons interested in the iron trades4 ,by ,,james ,,foden1 author of ',mechanical ,tables1' etc4 ,second edition revised1 with illustrations1 crown #hvo1 cloth1 #es4 ,rock ,blasting3 a ,practical ,treatise on the means employed in ,blasting ,rocks for ,industrial ,purposes4 ,by ,g4 ,g4 ,,andre1 ,f4,g4,s41 ,assoc4 ,inst4 ,c4,e4 ,with #ef illustrations and #ab plates1 #hvo1 cloth1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,painting and ,painters' ,manual3 a ,book of ,facts for ,painters and those who ,use or ,deal in ,paint ,materials4 ,by ,c4 ,l4 ,,condit and ,j4 ,,scheller4 ,illustrated1 #hvo1 cloth1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,a ,treatise on ,ropemaking as practised in public and private ,rope-yards1 with a ,description of the ,manufacture1 ,rules1 ,tables of ,weights1 etc41 adapted to the ,trade1 ,shipping1 ,mining1 ,railways1 ,builders1 etc4 ,by ,r4 ,,chapman1 formerly foreman to ,messrs4 ,huddart and ,co41 ,limehouse1 and late ,master ,ropemaker to ,h4,m4 ,dockyard1 ,deptford4 ,second edition1 #abmo1 cloth1 #cs4 ,laxton's ,builders' and ,contractors' ,tables2 for the use of ,engineers1 ,architects1 ,surveyors1 ,builders1 ,land ,agents1 and others4 ,bricklayer1 containing #bb tables1 with nearly #cj1jjj calculations4 #dto1 cloth1 #es4 ,laxton's ,builders' and ,contractors' ,tables4 ,excavator1 ,earth1 ,land1 ,water1 and ,gas1 containing #ec tables1 with nearly #bd1jjj calculations4 #dto1 cloth1 #es4 ,sanitary ,engineering3 a ,guide to the ,construction of ,works of ,sewerage and ,house ,drainage1 with ,tables for facilitating the calculations of the ,engineer4 ,by ,,baldwin ,,latham1 ,c4,e41 ,m4 ,inst4 ,c4,e41 ,f4,g4,s41 ,f4,m4,s41 ,past-,president of the ,society of ,engineers4 ,second edition1 with numerous plates and woodcuts1 #hvo1 cloth1 #al4 #ajs4 ,screw ,cutting ,tables for ,engineers and ,machinists1 giving the values of the different trains of ,wheels required to produce ,screws of any pitch1 calculated by ,lord ,lindsay1 ,m4,p41 ,f4,r4,s41 ,f4,r4,a4,s41 etc4 ,cloth1 oblong1 #bs4 ,screw ,cutting ,tables1 for the use of ,mechanical ,engineers1 showing the proper arrangement of ,wheels for cutting the ,threads of ,screws of any required pitch1 with a ,table for making the ,universal ,gas-pipe ,threads and ,taps4 ,by ,w4 ,a4 ,,martin1 ,engineer4 ,second edition1 oblong1 cloth1 #as41 or sewed1 #f;d4 ,a ,treatise on a ,practical ,method of ,designing ,slide-,valve ,gears by ,simple ,geometrical ,construction1 based upon the principles enunciated in ,euclid's ,elements1 and comprising the various forms of ,plain ,slide-,valve and ,expansion ,gearing2 together with ,stephenson's1 ,gooch's1 and ,allan's ,link-,motions1 as applied either to reversing or to variable expansion combinations4 ,by ,,edward ,j4 ,,cowling ,,welch1 ,memb4 ,inst4 ,mechanical ,engineers4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 #fs4 ,cleaning and ,scouring3 a ,manual for ,dyers1 ,laundresses1 and for ,domestic ,use4 ,by ,s4 ,,christopher4 #ahmo1 sewed1 #f;d4 ,a ,glossary of ,terms used in ,coal ,mining4 ,by ,,william ,,stukeley ,,gresley1 ,assoc4 ,mem4 ,inst4 ,c4,e41 ,f4,g4,s41 ,member of the ,north of ,england ,institute of ,mining ,engineers4 ,illustrated with numerous woodcuts and diagrams1 crown #hvo1 cloth1 #es4 ,a ,pocket-,book for ,boiler ,makers and ,steam ,users1 comprising a variety of useful information for ,employer and ,workman1 ,government ,inspectors1 ,board of ,trade ,surveyors1 ,engineers in charge of ,works and ,slips1 ,foremen of ,manufactories1 and the general ,steam-using ,public4 ,by ,,maurice ,,john ,,sexton4 ,second edition1 royal #cbmo1 roan1 gilt edges1 #es4 ,electrolysis3 a ,practical ,treatise on ,nickeling1 ,coppering1 ,gilding1 ,silvering1 the ,refining of ,metals1 and the treatment of ,ores by means of ,electricity4 ,by ,,hippolyte ,,fontaine1 translated from the ,french by ,j4 ,a4 ,,berly1 ,c4,e41 ,assoc4 ,s4,t4,e4 ,with engravings4 #hvo1 cloth1 #is4 ,barlow's ,tables of ,squares1 ,cubes1 ,square ,roots1 ,cube ,roots1 ,reciprocals of all ,integer ,numbers up to #aj1jjj4 ,post #hvo1 cloth1 #fs4 ,a ,practical ,treatise on the ,steam ,engine1 containing ,plans and ,arrangements of ,details for ,fixed ,steam ,engines1 with ,essays on the ,principles involved in ,design and ,construction4 ,by ,,arthur ,,rigg1 ,engineer1 ,member of the ,society of ,engineers and of the ,royal ,institution of ,great ,britain4 ,demy #dto1 copiously illustrated with woodcuts and #if plates1 in one ,volume1 half-bound morocco1 #bl4 #bs42 or cheaper edition1 cloth1 #bes4 ,this work is not1 in any sense1 an elementary treatise1 or history of the steam engine1 but is intended to describe examples of ,fixed ,steam ,engines without entering into the wide domain of locomotive or marine practice4 ,to this end illustrations will be given of the most recent arrangements of ,horizontal1 ,vertical1 ,beam1 ,pumping1 ,winding1 ,portable1 ,semi-portable1 ,corliss1 ,allen1 ,compound1 and other similar ,engines1 by the most eminent ,firms in ,great ,britain and ,america4 ,the laws relating to the action and precautions to be observed in the construction of the various details1 such as ,cylinders1 ,pistons1 ,piston-rods1 ,connecting-rods1 ,cross-heads1 ,motion-blocks1 ,eccentrics1 ,simple1 ,expansion1 ,balanced1 and ,equilibrium ,slide-valves1 and ,valve-gearing will be minutely dealt with4 ,in this connection will be found articles upon the ,velocity of ,reciprocating ,parts and the ,mode of ,applying the ,indicator1 ,heat and ,expansion of ,steam ,governors1 and the like4 ,it is the writer's desire to draw illustrations from every possible source1 and give only those rules that present practice deems correct4 ,a ,practical ,treatise on the ,science of ,land and ,engineering ,surveying1 ,levelling1 ,estimating ,quantities1 etc41 with a general description of the several ,instruments required for ,surveying1 ,levelling1 ,plotting1 etc4 ,by ,h4 ,s4 ,,merrett4 ,fourth edition1 revised by ,g4 ,w4 ,,usill1 ,assoc4 ,mem4 ,inst4 ,c4,e4 #da plates1 with illustrations and tables1 royal #hvo1 cloth1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,,principal ,,contents3 ,part #a4 ,introduction and the ,principles of ,geometry4 ,part #b4 ,land ,surveying2 comprising ,general ,observations--,the ,chain--,offsets ,surveying by the ,chain only--,surveying ,hilly ,ground--,to ,survey an ,estate or ,parish by the ,chain only--,surveying with the ,theodolite-- ,mining and ,town ,surveying--,railroad ,surveying--,mapping--,division and ,laying out of ,land--,observations on ,enclosures--,plane ,trigonometry4 ,part #c4 ,levelling--,simple and ,compound ,levelling-- ,the ,level ,book--,parliamentary ,plan and ,section--,levelling with a ,theodolite--,gradients--,wooden ,curves--,to ,lay out a ,railway ,curve-- ,setting out ,widths4 ,part #d4 ,calculating ,quantities generally for ,estimates--,cuttings and ,embankments--,tunnels--,brickwork--,iro nwork-- ,timber ,measuring4 ,part #e4 ,description and ,use of ,instruments in ,surveying and ,plotting--,the ,improved ,dumpy ,level--,troughton's ,level--,the ,prismatic ,compass--,proportional ,compass--,box ,sextant-- ,vernier--,pantagraph--,merrett's ,improved ,quadrant--,improved ,computation ,scale--,the ,diagonal ,scale--,straight ,edge and ,sector4 ,part #f4 ,logarithms of ,numbers--,logarithmic ,sines and ,co-,sines1 ,tangents and ,co-,tangents--,natural ,sines and ,co-,sines--,tables for ,earthwork1 for ,setting out ,curves1 and for various ,calculations1 etc41 etc41 etc4 ,health and ,comfort in ,house ,building1 or ,ventilation with ,warm ,air by ,self-,acting ,suction ,power1 with ,review of the mode of ,calculating the ,draught in ,hot-,air ,flues1 and with some actual ,experiments4 ,by ,j4 ,,drysdale1 ,m4,d41 and ,j4 ,w4 ,,hayward1 ,m4,d4 ,second edition1 with ,supplement1 with plates1 demy #hvo1 cloth1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,the ,assayer's ,manual3 an ,abridged ,treatise on the ,docimastic ,examination of ,ores and ,furnace and other ,artificial ,products4 ,by ,,bruno ,,kerl4 ,translated by ,w4 ,t4 ,,brannt4 ,with #fe illustrations1 #hvo1 cloth1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,electricity3 its ,theory1 ,sources1 and ,applications4 ,by ,j4 ,t4 ,,sprague1 ,m4,s4,t4,e4 ,second edition1 revised and enlarged1 with numerous illustrations1 crown #hvo1 cloth1 #aes4 ,the ,practice of ,hand ,turning in ,wood1 ,ivory1 ,shell1 etc41 with ,instructions for ,turning such ,work in ,metal as may be required in the ,practice of ,turning in ,wood1 ,ivory1 etc42 also an ,appendix on ,ornamental ,turning4 7,a book for beginners47 ,by ,,francis ,,campin4 ,third edition1 with wood engravings1 crown #hvo1 cloth1 #fs4 ,,contents3 ,on ,lathes--,turning ,tools--,turning ,wood--,drilling--,screw ,cutting-- ,miscellaneous ,apparatus and ,processes--,turning ,particular ,forms-- ,staining--,polishing--,spinning ,metals--,materials--,ornamental ,turning1 etc4 ,treatise on ,watchwork1 ,past and ,present4 ,by the ,rev4 ,h4 ,l4 ,,nelthropp1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,with #cb illustrations1 crown #hvo1 cloth1 #fs4 #f;d4 ,,contents3 ,definitions of ,words and ,terms used in ,watchwork--,tools--,time-- ,historical ,summary--,on ,calculations of the ,numbers for ,wheels and ,pinions2 their ,proportional ,sizes1 ,trains1 etc4--,of ,dial ,wheels1 or ,motion ,work--,length of ,time of ,going without ,winding up--,the ,verge--,the ,horizontal--,the ,duplex--,the ,lever--,the ,chronometer--,repeating ,watches--,keyless ,watches--,the ,pendulum1 or ,spiral ,spring--,compensation--,jewelling of ,pivot ,holes-- ,clerkenwell--,fallacies of the ,trade--,incapacity of ,workmen-- ,how to ,choose and ,use a ,watch1 etc4 ,algebra ,self-,taught4 ,by ,w4 ,p4 ,,higgs1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,sc41 ,,ll4,d41 ,assoc4 ,inst ,c4,e41 ,author of ',a ,handbook of the ,differential ,calculus1' etc4 ,second edition1 crown #hvo1 cloth1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,contents3 ,symbols and the ,signs of ,operation--,the ,equation and the ,unknown ,quantity--,positive and ,negative ,quantities--,multiplication-- ,involution--,exponents--,negative ,exponents--,roots1 and the ,use of ,exponents as ,logarithms--,logarithms--,tables of ,logarithms and ,proportionate ,parts--,transformation of ,system of ,logarithms-- ,common ,uses of ,common ,logarithms--,compound ,multiplication and the ,binomial ,theorem--,division1 ,fractions1 and ,ratio--,continued ,proportion--,the ,series and the ,summation of the ,series--,limit of ,series--,square and ,cube ,roots--,equations--,list of ,formulae1 etc4 ,spons' ,dictionary of ,engineering1 ,civil1 ,mechanical1 ,military1 and ,naval2 with technical terms in ,french1 ,german1 ,italian1 and ,spanish1 #cajj pp41 and nearly #hjjj engravings1 in super-royal #hvo1 in #h divisions1 #el4 #hs4 ,complete in #c vols41 cloth1 #el4 #es4 ,bound in a superior manner1 half-morocco1 top edge gilt1 #c vols41 #fl4 #abs4 ,notes in ,mechanical ,engineering4 ,compiled principally for the use of the ,students attending the ,classes on this subject at the ,city of ,london ,college4 ,by ,,henry ,,adams1 ,mem4 ,inst4 ,m4,e41 ,mem4 ,inst4 ,c4,e41 ,mem4 ,soc4 of ,engineers4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,canoe and ,boat ,building3 a complete ,manual for ,amateurs1 containing plain and comprehensive directions for the construction of ,canoes1 ,rowing and ,sailing ,boats1 and ,hunting ,craft4 ,by ,w4 ,p4 ,,stephens4 ,with numerous illustrations and #bd plates of ,working ,drawings4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,proceedings of the ,national ,conference of ,electricians1 ,philadelphia1 ,october #hth to #acth1 #ahhd4 #ahmo1 cloth1 #cs4 ,dynamo-,electricity1 its ,generation1 ,application1 ,transmission1 ,storage1 and ,measurement4 ,by ,g4 ,b4 ,,prescott4 ,with #ede illustrations4 #hvo1 cloth1 #al4 #as4 ,domestic ,electricity for ,amateurs4 ,translated from the ,french of ,e4 ,,hospitalier1 ,editor of ,l',electricien1 by ,c4 ,j4 ,,wharton1 ,assoc4 ,soc4 ,tel4 ,eng4 ,numerous illustrations4 ,demy #hvo1 cloth1 #is4 ,,contents3 #a4 ,production of the ,electric ,current--#b4 ,electric ,bells-- #c4 ,automatic ,alarms--#d4 ,domestic ,telephones--#e4 ,electric ,clocks-- #f4 ,electric ,lighters--#g4 ,domestic ,electric ,lighting--#h4 ,domestic ,application of the ,electric ,light--#i4 ,electric ,motors-- #aj4 ,electrical ,locomotion--#aa4 ,electrotyping1 ,plating1 and ,gilding--#ab4 ,electric ,recreations--#ac4 ,various applications-- ,workshop of the ,electrician4 ,wrinkles in ,electric ,lighting4 ,by ,,vincent ,,stephen4 ,with illustrations4 #ahmo1 cloth1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,contents3 #a4 ,the ,electric ,current and its production by ,chemical means-- #b4 ,production of ,electric ,currents by ,mechanical means-- #c4 ,dynamo-,electric ,machines--#d4 ,electric ,lamps--#e4 ,lead-- #f4 ,ship ,lighting4 ,the ,practical ,flax ,spinner2 being a ,description of the ,growth1 ,manipulation1 and ,spinning of ,flax and ,tow4 ,by ,,leslie ,c4 ,,marshall1 of ,belfast4 ,with illustrations4 #hvo1 cloth1 #aes4 ,foundations and ,foundation ,walls for all classes of ,buildings1 ,pile ,driving1 ,building ,stones and ,bricks1 ,pier and ,wall construction1 ,mortars1 ,limes1 ,cements1 ,concretes1 ,stuccos1 c4 #fd illustrations4 ,by ,g4 ,t4 ,,powell and ,f4 ,,bauman4 #hvo1 cloth1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,manual for ,gas ,engineering ,students4 ,by ,d4 ,,lee4 #ahmo1 cloth #as4 ,hydraulic ,machinery1 ,past and ,present4 ,a ,lecture delivered to the ,london and ,suburban ,railway ,officials' ,association4 ,by ,h4 ,,adams1 ,mem4 ,inst4 ,c4,e4 ,folding plate4 #hvo1 sewed1 #as4 ,twenty ,years with the ,indicator4 ,by ,,thomas ,,pray1 ,jun41 ,c4,e41 ,m4,e41 ,member of the ,american ,society of ,civil ,engineers4 #b vols41 royal #hvo1 cloth1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,annual ,statistical ,report of the ,secretary to the ,members of the ,iron and ,steel ,association on the ,home and ,foreign ,iron and ,steel ,industries in #ahhd4 ,issued ,march #ahhe4 #hvo1 sewed1 #es4 ,bad ,drains1 and ,how to ,test them2 with ,notes on the ,ventilation of ,sewers1 ,drains1 and ,sanitary ,fittings1 and the ,origin and ,transmission of ,zymotic ,disease4 ,by ,r4 ,,harris ,,reeves4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,standard ,practical ,plumbing2 being a complete ,encyclopaedia for ,practical ,plumbers and ,guide for ,architects1 ,builders1 ,gas ,fitters1 ,hot-water ,fitters1 ,ironmongers1 ,lead ,burners1 ,sanitary ,engineers1 ,zinc ,workers1 c4 ,illustrated by over #bjjj engravings4 ,by ,p4 ,j4 ,,davies4 ,vol4 ,i1 royal #hvo1 cloth1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,pneumatic ,transmission of ,messages and ,parcels between ,paris and ,london1 via ,calais and ,dover4 ,by ,j4 ,b4 ,,berlier1 ,c4,e4 ,small folio1 sewed1 #f;d4 ,list of ,tests 7,reagents71 arranged in alphabetical order1 according to the names of the originators4 ,designed especially for the convenient reference of ,chemists1 ,pharmacists1 and ,scientists4 ,by ,,hans ,m4 ,,wilder4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,ten ,years ,experience in ,works of ,intermittent ,downward ,filtration4 ,by ,j4 ,,bailey ,,denton1 ,mem4 ,inst4 ,c4,e4 ,second edition1 with additions4 ,royal #hvo1 sewed1 #ds4 ,a ,treatise on the ,manufacture of ,soap and ,candles1 ,lubricants and ,glycerin4 ,by ,w4 ,,lant ,,carpenter1 ,b4,a41 ,b4,sc4 7late of ,messrs4 ,c4 ,thomas and ,brothers1 ,bristol74 ,with illustrations4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,the ,stability of ,ships explained simply1 and calculated by a new ,graphic method4 ,by ,j4 ,c4 ,,spence1 ,m4,i4,n4,a4 #dto1 sewed1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,steam ,making1 or ,boiler ,practice4 ,by ,,charles ,a4 ,,smith1 ,c4,e4 #hvo1 cloth1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,contents3 #a4 ,the ,nature of ,heat and the ,properties of ,steam--#b4 ,combustion4-- #c4 ,externally ,fired ,stationary ,boilers--#d4 ,internally ,fired ,stationary ,boilers--#e4 ,internally ,fired ,portable ,locomotive and ,marine ,boilers--#f4 ,design1 ,construction1 and ,strength of ,boilers-- #g4 ,proportions of ,heating ,surface1 ,economic ,evaporation1 ,explosions--#h4 ,miscellaneous ,boilers1 ,choice of ,boiler ,fittings and ,appurtenances4 ,the ,fireman's ,guide2 a ,handbook on the ,care of ,boilers4 ,by ,,teknolog4 foereningen ,t4 ,i4 ,stockholm4 ,translated from the third edition1 and revised by ,,karl ,p4 ,,dahlstrom1 ,m4,e4 ,second edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 cloth1 #bs4 ,a ,treatise on ,modern ,steam ,engines and ,boilers1 including ,land ,locomotive1 and ,marine ,engines and ,boilers1 for the use of ,students4 ,by ,,frederick ,,colyer1 ,m4 ,inst4 ,c4,e41 ,mem4 ,inst ,m4,e4 ,with #cf plates4 #dto1 cloth1 #bes4 ,,contents3 #a4 ,introduction--#b4 ,original ,engines--#c4 ,boilers--#d4 ,high-,pressure ,beam ,engines--#e4 ,cornish ,beam ,engines--#f4 ,horizontal ,engines--#g4 ,oscillating ,engines--#h4 ,vertical ,high-,pressure ,engines--#i4 ,special ,engines--#aj4 ,portable ,engines--#aa4 ,locomotive ,engines--#ab4 ,marine ,engines4 ,steam ,engine ,management2 a ,treatise on the ,working and ,management of ,steam ,boilers4 ,by ,f4 ,,colyer1 ,m4 ,inst4 ,c4,e41 ,mem4 ,inst4 ,m4,e4 #ahmo1 cloth1 #bs4 ,land ,surveying on the ,meridian and ,perpendicular ,system4 ,by ,,william ,,penman1 ,c4,e4 #hvo1 cloth1 #hs4 #f;d4 ,the ,topographer1 his ,instruments and ,methods1 designed for the use of ,students1 ,amateur ,photographers1 ,surveyors1 ,engineers1 and all persons interested in the location and construction of works based upon ,topography4 ,illustrated with numerous plates1 maps1 and engravings4 ,by ,,lewis ,m4 ,,haupt1 ,a4,m4 #hvo1 cloth1 #ahs4 ,a ,text-,book of ,tanning1 embracing the ,preparation of all kinds of ,leather4 ,by ,,harry ,r4 ,,proctor1 ,f4,c4,s41 of ,low ,lights ,tanneries4 ,with illustrations4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,in super-royal #hvo1 #aafh pp41 with #bdjj illustrations1 in #c ,divisions1 cloth1 price #acs4 #f;d4 each2 or #a vol41 cloth1 #bl42 or half-morocco1 #bl4 #hs4 ,a ,,supplement ,,to ,,spons' ,,dictionary ,,of ,,engineering4 ,edited by ,,ernest ,,spon1 ,,memb4 ,,soc4 ,,engineers4 ,abacus1 ,counters1 ,speed ,indicators1 and ,slide ,rule4 ,agricultural ,implements and ,machinery4 ,air ,compressors4 ,animal ,charcoal ,machinery4 ,antimony4 ,axles and ,axle-boxes4 ,barn ,machinery4 ,belts and ,belting4 ,blasting4 ,boilers4 ,brakes4 ,brick ,machinery4 ,bridges4 ,cages for ,mines4 ,calculus1 ,differential and ,integral4 ,canals4 ,carpentry4 ,cast ,iron4 ,cement1 ,concrete1 ,limes1 and ,mortar4 ,chimney ,shafts4 ,coal ,cleansing and ,washing4 ,coal ,mining4 ,coal ,cutting ,machines4 ,coke ,ovens4 ,copper4 ,docks4 ,drainage4 ,dredging ,machinery4 ,dynamo-,electric and ,magneto-,electric ,machines4 ,dynamometers4 ,electrical ,engineering1 ,telegraphy1 ,electric ,lighting and its practical details1 ,telephones4 ,engines1 ,varieties of4 ,explosives4 ,fans4 ,founding1 ,moulding and the practical work of the ,foundry4 ,gas1 ,manufacture of4 ,hammers1 ,steam and other ,power4 ,heat4 ,horse ,power4 ,hydraulics4 ,hydro-geology4 ,indicators4 ,iron4 ,lifts1 ,hoists1 and ,elevators4 ,lighthouses1 ,buoys1 and ,beacons4 ,machine ,tools4 ,materials of ,construction4 ,meters4 ,ores1 ,machinery and ,processes employed to ,dress4 ,piers4 ,pile ,driving4 ,pneumatic ,transmission4 ,pumps4 ,pyrometers4 ,road ,locomotives4 ,rock ,drills4 ,rolling ,stock4 ,sanitary ,engineering4 ,shafting4 ,steel4 ,steam ,navvy4 ,stone ,machinery4 ,tramways4 ,well ,sinking4 ,london3 ,e4 ,f4 ,n4 ,,spon1 #abe1 ,strand4 ,new ,york3 #ce1 ,murray ,street4 ,,now ,,complete4 ,with nearly #aejj illustrations1 in super-royal #hvo1 in #e ,divisions1 cloth4 ,divisions #a to #d1 #acs4 #f;d4 each2 ,division #e1 #ags4 #f;d42 or #b vols41 cloth1 ,l#c #ajs4 ,,spons' ,,encyclopaedia ,,of ,,the ,,industrial ,,arts1 ,,manufactures1 ,,and ,,commercial ,,products4 ,,edited ,,by ,c4 ,g4 ,,warnford ,,lock1 ,f4,l4,s4 ,among the more important of the subjects treated of1 are the following3-- ,acids1 #bjg pp4 #bbj figs4 ,alcohol1 #bc pp4 #af figs4 ,alcoholic ,liquors1 #ac pp4 ,alkalies1 #hi pp4 #gh figs4 ,alloys4 ,alum4 ,asphalt4 ,assaying4 ,beverages1 #hi pp4 #bi figs4 ,blacks4 ,bleaching ,powder1 #ae pp4 ,bleaching1 #ea pp4 #dh figs4 ,candles1 #ah pp4 #i figs4 ,carbon ,bisulphide4 ,celluloid1 #i pp4 ,cements4 ,clay4 ,coal-tar ,products1 #dd pp4 #ad figs4 ,cocoa1 #h pp4 ,coffee1 #cb pp4 #ac figs4 ,cork1 #h pp4 #ag figs4 ,cotton ,manufactures1 #fb pp4 #eg figs4 ,drugs1 #ch pp4 ,dyeing and ,calico ,printing1 #bh pp4 #i figs4 ,dyestuffs1 #af pp4 ,electro-,metallurgy1 #ac pp4 ,explosives1 #bb pp4 #cc figs4 ,feathers4 ,fibrous ,substances1 #ib pp4 #gi figs4 ,floor-cloth1 #af pp4 #ba figs4 ,food ,preservation1 #h pp4 ,fruit1 #h pp4 ,fur1 #e pp4 ,gas1 ,coal1 #h pp4 ,gems4 ,glass1 #de pp4 #gg figs4 ,graphite1 #g pp4 ,hair1 #g pp4 ,hair ,manufactures4 ,hats1 #bf pp4 #bf figs4 ,honey4 ,hops4 ,horn4 ,ice1 #aj pp4 #ad figs4 ,indiarubber ,manufactures1 #bc pp4 #ag figs4 ,ink1 #ag pp4 ,ivory4 ,jute ,manufactures1 #aa pp41 #aa figs4 ,knitted ,fabrics--,hosiery1 #ae pp4 #ac figs4 ,lace1 #ac pp4 #i figs4 ,leather1 #bh pp4 #ca figs4 ,linen ,manufactures1 #af pp4 #f figs4 ,manures1 #ba pp4 #cj figs4 ,matches1 #ag pp4 #ch figs4 ,mordants1 #ac pp4 ,narcotics1 #dg pp4 ,nuts1 #aj pp4 ,oils and ,fatty ,substances1 #abe pp4 ,paint4 ,paper1 #bf pp4 #bc figs4 ,paraffin1 #h pp4 #f figs4 ,pearl and ,coral1 #h pp4 ,perfumes1 #aj pp4 ,photography1 #ac pp4 #bj figs4 ,pigments1 #i pp4 #f figs4 ,pottery1 #df pp4 #eg figs4 ,printing and ,engraving1 #bj pp4 #h figs4 ,rags4 ,resinous and ,gummy ,substances1 #ge pp4 #af figs4 ,rope1 #af pp4 #ag figs4 ,salt1 #ca pp4 #bc figs4 ,silk1 #h pp4 ,silk ,manufactures1 #i pp4 #aa figs4 ,skins1 #e pp4 ,small ,wares1 #d pp4 ,soap and ,glycerine1 #ci pp4 #de figs4 ,spices1 #af pp4 ,sponge1 #e pp4 ,starch1 #i pp4 #aj figs4 ,sugar1 #aee pp4 #acd figs4 ,sulphur4 ,tannin1 #ah pp4 ,tea1 #ab pp4 ,timber1 #ac pp4 ,varnish1 #ae pp4 ,vinegar1 #e pp4 ,wax1 #e pp4 ,wool1 #b pp4 ,woollen ,manufactures1 #eh pp4 #ci figs4 ,london3 ,e4 ,f4 ,n4 ,,spon1 #abe1 ,strand4 ,new ,york3 #ce1 ,murray ,street4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 with illustrations1 #es4 ,,workshop ,,receipts1 ,,first ,,series4 ,,by ,,ernest ,,spon4 ,,synopsis ,,of ,,contents4 ,bookbinding4 ,bronzes and ,bronzing4 ,candles4 ,cement4 ,cleaning4 ,colourwashing4 ,concretes4 ,dipping ,acids4 ,drawing ,office ,details4 ,drying ,oils4 ,dynamite4 ,electro-,metallurgy--7,cleaning1 ,dipping1 ,scratch-brushing1 ,batteries1 ,baths1 and ,deposits of every description74 ,enamels4 ,engraving on ,wood1 ,copper1 ,gold1 ,silver1 ,steel1 and ,stone4 ,etching and ,aqua ,tint4 ,firework ,making--7,rockets1 ,stars1 ,rains1 ,gerbes1 ,jets1 ,tourbillons1 ,candles1 ,fires1 ,lances1 ,lights1 ,wheels1 ,fire-balloons1 and minor ,fireworks74 ,fluxes4 ,foundry ,mixtures4 ,freezing4 ,fulminates4 ,furniture ,creams1 ,oils1 ,polishes1 ,lacquers1 and ,pastes4 ,gilding4 ,glass ,cutting1 ,cleaning1 ,frosting1 ,drilling1 ,darkening1 ,bending1 ,staining1 and ,painting4 ,glass ,making4 ,glues4 ,gold4 ,graining4 ,gums4 ,gun ,cotton4 ,gunpowder4 ,horn ,working4 ,indiarubber4 ,japans1 ,japanning1 and kindred processes4 ,lacquers4 ,lathing4 ,lubricants4 ,marble ,working4 ,matches4 ,mortars4 ,nitro-,glycerine4 ,oils4 ,paper4 ,paper ,hanging4 ,painting in ,oils1 in ,water ,colours1 as well as ,fresco1 ,house1 ,transparency1 ,sign1 and ,carriage ,painting4 ,photography4 ,plastering4 ,polishes4 ,pottery--7,clays1 ,bodies1 ,glazes1 ,colours1 ,oils1 ,stains1 ,fluxes1 ,enamels1 and ,lustres74 ,scouring4 ,silvering4 ,soap4 ,solders4 ,tanning4 ,taxidermy4 ,tempering ,metals4 ,treating ,horn1 ,mother-o'-,pearl1 and like substances4 ,varnishes1 ,manufacture and ,use of4 ,veneering4 ,washing4 ,waterproofing4 ,welding4 ,besides ,receipts relating to the lesser ,technological matters and processes1 such as the manufacture and use of ,stencil ,plates1 ,blacking1 ,crayons1 ,paste1 ,putty1 ,wax1 ,size1 ,alloys1 ,catgut1 ,tunbridge ,ware1 ,picture ,frame and ,architectural ,mouldings1 ,compos1 ,cameos1 and others too numerous to mention4 ,london3 ,e4 ,f4 ,n4 ,,spon1 #abe1 ,strand4 ,new ,york3 #ce1 ,murray ,street4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 #dhe pages1 with illustrations1 #es4 ,,workshop ,,receipts1 ,,second ,,series4 ,,by ,,robert ,,haldane4 ,,synopsis ,,of ,,contents4 ,acidimetry and ,alkalimetry4 ,albumen4 ,alcohol4 ,alkaloids4 ,baking-powders4 ,bitters4 ,bleaching4 ,boiler ,incrustations4 ,cements and ,lutes4 ,cleansing4 ,confectionery4 ,copying4 ,disinfectants4 ,dyeing1 ,staining1 and ,colouring4 ,essences4 ,extracts4 ,fireproofing4 ,gelatine1 ,glue1 and ,size4 ,glycerine4 ,gut4 ,hydrogen peroxide4 ,ink4 ,iodine4 ,iodoform4 ,isinglass4 ,ivory substitutes4 ,leather4 ,luminous bodies4 ,magnesia4 ,matches4 ,paper4 ,parchment4 ,perchloric acid4 ,potassium oxalate4 ,preserving4 ,pigments1 ,paint1 and ,painting3 embracing the preparation of ,pigments1 including alumina lakes1 blacks 7animal1 bone1 ,frankfort1 ivory1 lamp1 sight1 soot71 blues 7antimony1 ,antwerp1 cobalt1 caeruleum1 ,egyptian1 manganate1 ,paris1 ,peligot1 ,prussian1 smalt1 ultramarine71 browns 7bistre1 hinau1 sepia1 sienna1 umber1 ,vandyke71 greens 7baryta1 ,brighton1 ,brunswick1 chrome1 cobalt1 ,douglas1 emerald1 manganese1 mitis1 mountain1 ,prussian1 sap1 ,scheele's1 ,schweinfurth1 titanium1 verdigris1 zinc71 reds 7,brazilwood lake1 carminated lake1 carmine1 ,cassius purple1 cobalt pink1 cochineal lake1 colcothar1 ,indian red1 madder lake1 red chalk1 red lead1 vermilion71 whites 7alum1 baryta1 ,chinese1 lead sulphate1 white lead--by ,american1 ,dutch1 ,french1 ,german1 ,kremnitz1 and ,pattinson processes1 precautions in making1 and composition of commercial samples--whiting1 ,wilkinson's white1 zinc white71 yellows 7chrome1 gamboge1 ,naples1 orpiment1 realgar1 yellow lakes72 ,paint 7vehicles1 testing oils1 driers1 grinding1 storing1 applying1 priming1 drying1 filling1 coats1 brushes1 surface1 water-colours1 removing smell1 discoloration2 miscellaneous paints-- cement paint for carton-pierre1 copper paint1 gold paint1 iron paint1 lime paints1 silicated paints1 steatite paint1 transparent paints1 tungsten paints1 window paint1 zinc paints72 ,painting 7general instructions1 proportions of ingredients1 measuring paint work2 carriage painting--priming paint1 best putty1 finishing colour1 cause of cracking1 mixing the paints1 oils1 driers1 and colours1 varnishing1 importance of washing vehicles1 re-varnishing1 how to dry paint2 woodwork painting74 ,london3 ,e4 ,f4 ,n4 ,,spon1 #abe1 ,strand4 ,new ,york3 #ce1 ,murray ,street4 ,,just ,,published4 ,crown #hvo1 cloth1 #dhj pages1 with #ahc illustrations1 #es4 ,,workshop ,,receipts1 ,,third ,,series4 ,,by ,c4 ,g4 ,,warnford ,,lock4 ,uniform with the ,first and ,second ,series4 ,,synopsis ,,of ,,contents4 ,alloys4 ,aluminium4 ,antimony4 ,barium4 ,beryllium4 ,bismuth4 ,cadmium4 ,caeesium4 ,calcium4 ,cerium4 ,chromium4 ,cobalt4 ,copper4 ,didymium4 ,electrics4 ,enamels and ,glazes4 ,erbium4 ,gallium4 ,glass4 ,gold4 ,indium4 ,iridium4 ,iron and ,steel4 ,lacquers and ,lacquering4 ,lanthanum4 ,lead4 ,lithium4 ,lubricants4 ,magnesium4 ,manganese4 ,mercury4 ,mica4 ,molybdenum4 ,nickel4 ,niobium4 ,osmium4 ,palladium4 ,platinum4 ,potassium4 ,rhodium4 ,rubidium4 ,ruthenium4 ,selenium4 ,silver4 ,slag4 ,sodium4 ,strontium4 ,tantalum4 ,terbium4 ,thallium4 ,thorium4 ,tin4 ,titanium4 ,tungsten4 ,uranium4 ,vanadium4 ,yttrium4 ,zinc4 ,zirconium4 ,london3 ,e4 ,f4 ,n4 ,,spon1 #abe1 ,strand4 ,new ,york3 #ce1 ,murray ,street4 ,,workshop ,,receipts1 ,,fourth ,,series1 ,,devoted ,,mainly ,,to ,,handicrafts ,,mechanical ,,subjects4 ,,by ,c4 ,g4 ,,warnford ,,lock4 #bej ,illustrations1 with ,complete ,index1 and a ,general ,index to the ,four ,series1 #es4 ,waterproofing--rubber goods1 cuprammonium processes1 miscellaneous preparations4 ,packing and ,storing articles of delicate odour or colour1 of a deliquescent character1 liable to ignition1 apt to suffer from insects or damp1 or easily broken4 ,embalming and ,preserving anatomical specimens4 ,leather ,polishes4 ,cooling ,air and ,water1 producing low temperatures1 making ice1 cooling syrups and solutions1 and separating salts from liquors by refrigeration4 ,pumps and ,siphons1 embracing every useful contrivance for raising and supplying water on a moderate scale1 and moving corrosive1 tenacious1 and other liquids4 ,desiccating--air-and water-ovens1 and other appliances for drying natural and artificial products4 ,distilling--water1 tinctures1 extracts1 pharmaceutical preparations1 essences1 perfumes1 and alcoholic liquids4 ,emulsifying as required by pharmacists and photographers4 ,evaporating--saline and other solutions1 and liquids demanding special precautions4 ,filtering--water1 and solutions of various kinds4 ,percolating and ,macerating4 ,electrotyping4 ,stereotyping by both plaster and paper processes4 ,bookbinding in all its details4 ,straw ,plaiting and the fabrication of baskets1 matting1 etc4 ,musical ,instruments--the preservation1 tuning1 and repair of pianos1 harmoniums1 musical boxes1 etc4 ,clock and ,watch ,mending--adapted for intelligent amateurs4 ,photography--recent development in rapid processes1 handy apparatus1 numerous recipes for sensitizing and developing solutions1 and applications to modern illustrative purposes4 ,london3 ,e4 ,f4 ,n4 ,,spon1 #abe1 ,strand4 ,new ,york3 #ce1 ,murray ,street4 ,,just ,,published4 ,in demy #hvo1 cloth1 #fjj pages1 and #adbj ,illustrations1 #fs4 ,,spons' ,,mechanics' ,,own ,,book2 ,a ,,manual ,,for ,,handicraftsmen ,,and ,,amateurs4 ,,contents4 ,mechanical ,drawing--,casting and ,founding in ,iron1 ,brass1 ,bronze1 and other ,alloys--,forging and ,finishing ,iron--,sheetmetal ,working--,soldering1 ,brazing1 and ,burning--,carpentry and ,joinery1 embracing descriptions of some #djj ,woods1 over #bjj ,illustrations of ,tools and their uses1 ,explanations 7with ,diagrams7 of #aaf joints and hinges1 and ,details of ,construction of ,workshop appliances1 rough furniture1 ,garden and ,yard ,erections1 and ,house ,building-- ,cabinet-,making and ,veneering--,carving and ,fretcutting--,upholstery-- ,painting1 ,graining1 and ,marbling--,staining ,furniture1 ,woods1 ,floors1 and ,fittings--,gilding1 dead and bright1 on various grounds--,polishing ,marble1 ,metals1 and ,wood--,varnishing--,mechanical movements1 illustrating contrivances for transmitting motion-- ,turning in ,wood and ,metals--,masonry1 embracing ,stonework1 ,brickwork1 ,terracotta1 and ,concrete--,roofing with ,thatch1 ,tiles1 ,slates1 ,felt1 ,zinc1 c4--,glazing with and without putty1 and lead glazing--,plastering and ,whitewashing--,paper-hanging--,gas-fitt ing-- ,bell-hanging1 ordinary and electric ,systems--,lighting--,warming-- ,ventilating--,roads1 ,pavements1 and ,bridges--,hedges1 ,ditches1 and ,drains--,water ,supply and ,sanitation--,hints on ,house ,construction suited to new countries4 ,london3 ,e4 ,f4 ,n4 ,,spon1 #abe1 ,strand4 ,new ,york3 #ce1 ,murray ,street4