,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,furniture ,illu/ration3 ,jacobean ,*air4 ,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,furniture ,press ,notices1 ,fir/ ,edition4 ,mr4 ,hayd5 kn[s 8 subject intimately4--,pall ,mall ,gazette4 ,! h9ts to collectors are ! be/ & cle>e/ we h se52 s t altoge!r ?is is a model book ( its k9d4--,a!naeum4 ,a useful & in/ructive volume4--,spectator4 ,an abundance ( illu/rations completes a well-writt5 & well-con/ruct$ hi/ory4--,daily ,news4 ,mr4 ,hayd5's ta/e is s\nd & 8 k ?or\gh4--,scotsman4 ,a book ( m ?an usual compreh5siv5ess & m ?an usual m]it4--,vanity ,fair4 ,mr4 ,hayd5 has work$ at 8 subject on sy/ematic l9es1 & has made 8 book :at x purports to be--a practical guide = ! collector4--,saturday ,review4 ,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,*9a ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or4 ,second ,edition4 ,price #es4 net4 ,) ,col\r$ ,frontispiece & ,reproductions ( #aef ,m>ks & #hi ,specim5s ( ,*9a4 ,a ,li/ ( ,,sale ,,prices & a full ,,index increase ! usefulness ( ! ,volume4 ,?is is a h&y book ( ref]5ce to enable ,amateur ,collectors to di/+ui% betwe5 ! productions ( ! v>i\s factories4 ,press ,notices1 ,fir/ ,edition4 ,a h&some h&book t ! amateur 9 d\bt w f9d useful1 & ! *9a-lov] w enjoy = its illu/rations1 & = ! au?or's obvi\s love & und]/&+ ( 8 subject4--,/4 ,james's ,gazette4 ,all lov]s ( *9a w f9d mu* ent]ta9m5t 9 ?is volume4--,daily ,news4 ,x gives 9 a few pi?y *apt]s j :at ! beg9n] wants to "k ab\t ! pr9cipal v>ieties ( ,engli% w>e4 ,we c w>mly comm5d ! book to ! *9a collector4--,pall ,mall ,gazette4 ,"o ( ! be/ po9ts ab\t ! book is ! cle> way 9 :i* ! *>act]i/ics ( ea* factory are not$ d[n sep>ately1 s t ! v]ie/ tyro ought to be able to judge = himself if he has a piece or pieces :i* w\ld come "u ?is head+1 & ! m>ks are v accurately giv54--,que54 ,,9 ,,prep>ation4 ,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,pr9ts ,price #es4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ) ,col\r$ ,frontispiece & #gj ,full-page ,reproductions f ,engrav+s4 ,) ,,gloss>y ( ,te*nical ,t]ms1 ,,bibliography1 full ,,index & ,,table ( m ?an #cej ( ! pr9cipal ,engli% & ,cont95tal ,engrav]s f ! ,x,v,ith to ! ,x,i,xth c5turies1 toge!r ) copi\s notes z to ,,prices & values ( old pr9ts4 ,,london3 ,t4 ,,fi%] ,,unw91 ,,adelphi ,,t]race4 ,illu/ration ,*ats on ,old ,furniture ,a ,practical ,guide = ,collectors ,by ,ar?ur ,hayd5 ,au?or ( ,*ats on ,engli% ,*9a ,,london3 ,t4 ,,fi%] ,,unw9 #a ,,adelphi ,,t]race4 ,,mcmvi 99 99 99 99 99 ,fir/ ,edition1 #aije4 ,second #aijf4 ,all rights res]v$4 ,illu/ration3 ,portion ( ,c>v$ ,walnut ,virg9al4 ,,preface ,?is volume has be5 writt5 to enable ^? :o h a ta/e = ! furniture ( a bygone day to arrive at "s conclusion z to ! ess5tial po9ts ( ! v>i\s /yles made 9 ,engl&4 ,an attempt has be5 made to give "s lucid hi/orical acc\nt ( ! progress & developm5t 9 ! art ( mak+ dome/ic furniture1 ) especial ref]5ce to its evolution 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,inasmu* z _m ( ! f9e/ specim5s ( old ,engli% woodwork & furniture h left ! c\ntry ( _! orig9 & cross$ ! ,atlantic1 x is "t t ! public %\ld awak5 to ! fact t ! h]itages ( _! =efa!rs are objects ( envy to all lov]s ( art4 ,x is a pa9ful reflection to "k t ! temptation ( money w %ortly d5ude ! old f>mh\ses & manor h\ses ( ,engl& ( _! unappreciat$ treasures4 ,be=e ! h& ( ! despoil] %all h snat*$ ev]y?+ )9 rea*1 x is ! hope ( ! writ] t ?is little volume may n fall on /ony gr\nd1 & t ! possessors ( f9e old ,engli% furniture may realise _! responsibilities4 ,x has be5 ?\ght advisable to t\* ^u ,fr5* furniture z exemplifi$ 9 ! national collections ( su* importance z ! ,jones ,beque/ at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 & ! ,wallace ,collection1 to %[ ! influ5ce ( =eign art ^u our own design]s4 ,simil>ly1 ,italian1 ,spani%1 & ,dut* furniture1 ( :i* _m rem>kable examples are 9 private collections 9 ?is c\ntry1 has be5 dealt ) 9 pass+1 to enable ! read] to e/imate ! relation ( ,engli% art to contempor>y =eign s*ools ( decoration & design4 ,! au?orities ( ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum h will+ly ext5d$ _! assi/ance 9 reg>d to photographs1 & by ! special p]mission ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education ! frontispiece & o!r repres5tative examples 9 ! national collection appe> z illu/rations to ?is volume4 ,i h to ackn[l$ge g5]\s assi/ance & c\rte\s p]mission f own]s ( f9e specim5s 9 all[+ me facilities = reproduc+ illu/rations ( !m 9 ?is volume4 ,i am especially indebt$ to ! ,"r ,hon\rable ,sir ,sp5c] ,ponsonby-,fane1 ,g4,c4,b41 ,i4,s4,o41 & to ! ,rev4 ,canon ,haig ,br[n1 ,ma/] ( ! ,*>t]h\se1 = ! inclusion ( illu/rations ( furniture ( exceptional int]e/4 ,! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur h g5]\sly furni%$ me ) li/s ( prices obta9$ at auction f _! useful mon?ly publication1 ,auction ,sale ,prices1 & h all[$ ! reproduction ( illu/rations :i* h appe>$ 9 ! pages ( ! ,connoisseur4 ,my ?anks are due to ,messrs4 ,hampton1 ( ,pall ,mall1 = _! k9d p]mission to include z illu/rations sev]al f9e pieces f _! collection ( antique furniture4 ,i am "u a simil> obligation to ,messrs4 ,w>+1 :o h k9dly all[$ me to select "s ( _! typical examples4 ,to my o!r fri5ds1 )\t ^: k9d advice & valuable aid ?is volume c\ld nev] h appe>$1 ,i t5d] a grateful & appreciative ackn[l$gm5t ( my indebt$ness4 ,,ar?ur ,,hayd54 ,illu/ration3 ,italian ,*air ab\t #afbj ,illu/ration3 ,spani% ,*e/4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,preface #g ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations #ac ,,bibliography #ai ,,gloss>y ,,( ,,t]ms ,,us$ #bc ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,on ,,! ,,cont95t #ca ,,ii4 ,,! ,,engli% ,,r5aissance #eg ,,iii4 ,,/u>t ,,or ,,jacobean 7,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury7 #gi ,,iv4 ,,/u>t ,,or ,,jacobean 7,,late ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury7 #aji ,v4 ,,que5 ,,anne ,,/yle #acc ,,vi4 ,,fr5* ,,furniture4 ,,! ,,p]iod ,,( ,,l\is ,,xiv4 #aee ,,vii4 ,,fr5* ,,furniture4 ,,! ,,p]iod ,,( ,,l\is ,,xv4 #afi ,,viii4 ,,fr5* ,,furniture4 ,,! ,,p]iod ,,( ,,l\is ,,xvi4 #ahi ,,ix4 ,,fr5* ,,furniture4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,empire ,,/yle #bja ,x4 ,,*ipp5dale ,,& ,,8 ,,/yle #baa ,,xi4 ,,%]aton1 ,,adam1 ,,& ,,heppel:ite ,,/yles #bci ,,xii4 ,,h9ts ,,to ,,collectors #beg ,,index #bge ,illu/ration3 ,*ipp5dale ,bureau ,bookcase4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,jacobean ,,oak ,,cab9et2 decorat$ ) "m-(-pe>l1 ebony1 & ivory4 ,dat$ #afec4 7,by p]mission ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education7 ,frontispiece ,,c>v$ ,,wood ,,frame2 decorat$ ) gold /ucco4 ,sixte5? ,c5tury4 ,italian ,title page ,,page ,,*apt] ,i4--,,! ,,r5aissance ,,on ,,! ,,cont95t4 ,,portion ,,( ,,c>v$ ,,cornice1 ,italian1 ,sixte5? ,c5tury #cc ,,frame ,,( ,,wood1 ) female t]m9al figures1 ,italian1 late ,sixte5? ,c5tury #ce ,,front ,,( ,,c(f]1 ,italian1 late ,fifte5? ,c5tury #ch ,,bridal ,,*e/1 ,go?ic design1 middle ( ,fifte5? ,c5tury #ci ,,front ,,( ,,oak ,,*e/1 ,fr5*1 ,fifte5? ,c5tury #dd ,,walnut ,,sidebo>d1 ,fr5*1 middle ( ,sixte5? ,c5tury #de ,,cab9et1 ,,fr5* 7,,lyons71 second half ( ,sixte5? ,c5tury #dh ,,ebony ,,& ,,ivory ,,m>quetry ,,cab9et1 ,fr5*1 middle ( ,sixte5? ,c5tury #ej ,,spani% ,,cab9et ,,& ,,/&1 c>v$ *e/nut1 fir/ half ( ,sixte5? ,c5tury #ea ,,spani% ,,*e/1 c>v$ walnut1 ,sixte5? ,c5tury #eb ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,,! ,,engli% ,,r5aissance4 ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,*e/1 ,engli%1 ,sixte5? ,c5tury #ei ,,b5* ,,( ,,oak1 ,fr5*1 ab\t #aejj #fj ,,portion ,,( ,,c>v$ ,,walnut ,,virg9al1 ,flemi%1 ,sixte5? ,c5tury #fa ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,c(f]1 ,fr5*1 %[+ int]lac$ ribbon-"w #fa ,,fireplace ,,& ,,oak ,,panell+1 ,old ,palace1 ,bromley-by-,b[4 ,built 9 #afjf #fd ,,elizabe?an ,,b$/ead1 dat$ #aeic #ff ,,panel ,,( ,,c>v$ ,,oak1 ,engli%1 e>ly ,sixte5? ,c5tury #fh ,,mirror1 9 oak frame1 ,engli%1 dat$ #afjc #ga ,,c\rt ,,cupbo>d1 c>v$ oak1 ,engli%1 dat$ #afjc #gc c>v$ oak1 e>ly ,sev5te5? ,c5tury #gd ab\t #aehj #ge ,,elizabe?an ,,oak ,,table #gh ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,,/u>t ,,or ,,jacobean4 ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury4 ,,gate-,,leg ,,table #ha ,,oak ,,*air1 made f ,sir ,francis ,drake's %ip1 ! ,gold5 ,h9d #hc ,,oak ,,table1 dat$ #afaf1 be>+ arms ( ,?omas ,sutton #he ,,*air ,,us$ ,,by ,,james ,i4 #hg ,,jacobean ,,*air1 at ,knole #hi ,,jacobean ,,/ool1 at ,knole #ij ,,c>v$ ,,walnut ,,door 7,,upp] ,,half71 ,fr5*1 %[+ ribbon-"w #ia ,,oak ,,*air1 ) arms ( fir/ ,e>l ( ,/raf=d #ic ,,italian ,,*air1 ab\t #afbj #id ,,high-,,back ,,oak ,,*air1 ,e>ly ,jacobean1 =m]ly 9 possession ( ,*>les ,i4 #ie ,,jacobean ,,*airs1 v>i\s types #ig ,,ebony ,,cab9et1 =m]ly ! prop]ty ( ,oliv] ,cromwell #ii ,,jacobean ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,*airs1 ,york%ire & ,d]by%ire types #aja ,,jacobean ,,oak ,,cupbo>d1 ab\t #afbj #aja ,,jacobean ,,oak ,,*airs #aje ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,cradle1 "t ( ,*>les ,i41 dat$ #afda #ajg ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,,/u>t ,,or ,,jacobean4 ,,late ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,dut* ,,h\se1 latt] half ( ,sev5te5? ,c5tury #aaa ,,cab9et ,,( ,,"t ,,( ,,*>les ,,ii41 %[+ ext]ior #aab %[+ int]ior #aac ,,portuguese ,,high-,,back ,,*air #aae ,,oak ,,*e/ ,,( ,,draw]s1 late ,jacobean #aag panell$ front1 late ,jacobean #aai ,,*>les ,,ii4 ,,oak ,,*air #abj ,,*>les ,,ii4 ,,op5 ,,high-,,back ,,oak ,,*air #aba ,,*>les ,,ii4 ,,*air1 cane back & seat #abb ,,james ,,ii4 ,,*air1 cane back & seat #abc ,,william ,,& ,,m>y ,,*air #abe ,,portuguese ,,*air-,,back 7,,upp] ,,portion71 cut lea!r "w #abh ,,*apt] ,v4--,,que5 ,,anne ,,/yle4 ,,que5 ,,anne ,,oak ,,settle #ace ,,que5 ,,anne ,,mirror ,,frame1 c>v$ walnut1 gild$ #acg ,,oak ,,desk1 dat$ #afif #aci ,,oak ,,cupbo>d #adj ,,que5 ,,anne ,,cab9et1 burr-walnut panel #ada ,,que5 ,,anne ,,*airs1 v>i\s types #adc ,,dut* ,,m>quetry ,,cab9et #adg ,,que5 ,,anne ,,clock #adh ,,que5 ,,anne ,,settle1 oak1 dat$ #agje #adi ,,old ,,lac ,,cab9et #aej ,,lac ,,cab9et1 middle ( ,eighte5? ,c5tury #aea %[+ doors clos$ #aeb *as$ brass escut*eon #aed ,,*apt] ,,vi4--,,fr5* ,,furniture4 ,,! ,,p]iod ,,( ,,l\is ,,xiv4 ,,cassette1 ,fr5*1 ,sev5te5? ,c5tury #aeg ,,*air ,,( ,,p]iod ,,( ,,l\is ,,xiii4 #aei ,,p$e/als1 %[+ b\le & c\nt]-b\le "w #afc ,,b\le ,,cab9et1 ,,or ,,armoire #afe ,,*apt] ,,vii4--,,fr5* ,,furniture4 ,,l\is ,,xv4 ,,commode1 by ,cress5t #aga ,,commode1 =m]ly 9 ! ,hamilton ,collection #agc ,,commode1 by ,caffi]i #age ,,escritoire ,a ,,toilette1 =m]ly 9 possession ( ,m>ie ,anto9ette #agi ,,secretaire1 by ,ries5] #aha ,,bureau ,,du ,,roi1 ! ma/]piece ( ,ries5] #ahc ,,*apt] ,,viii4--,,fr5* ,,furniture4 ,,l\is ,,xvi4 ,,jewel ,,cab9et1 ,j4 ,h4 ,ries5]1 ,m\nts by ,g\?i]e #aic ,,commode1 by ,ries5] #aig ,,*apt] ,,ix4--,,fr5* ,,furniture4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,empire ,,/yle4 ,,portrait ,,( ,,madame ,,recami]1 aft] ,david #bjc ,,detail ,,( ,,tripod ,,table f\nd at ,pompeii #bje ,,s]vante1 ,fr5*1 late ,eighte5? ,c5tury #bjf ,,jewel ,,cab9et ,,( ,,! ,,empress ,,m>ie ,,l\ise #bjg ,,arm*air1 rosewood1 %[+ ,empire influ5ce #baj ,,*apt] ,x4--,,*ipp5dale ,,& ,,8 ,,/yle4 ,,table ,,made ,,by ,,*ipp5dale #bac ,,oliv] ,,goldsmi?',s ,,*air #bae ,,*ipp5dale ,,settee1 walnut1 ab\t #agdj #bag oak1 ab\t #agdj #bai ,,*ipp5dale ,,*air-,,back1 ribbon patt]n #bbb ,,ribbon-,,back$ ,,*ipp5dale ,,*air1 =m]ly at ,bl5heim #bbc ,,*ipp5dale ,,corn] ,,*air1 ab\t #aghj #bbd ,,go?ic ,,*ipp5dale ,,*air-,,back #bbe ,,mahogany ,,*ipp5dale ,,*air1 ab\t #agdj #bbf ab\t #aggj #bbg ,,*ipp5dale ,,mirror #bbi ,,*ipp5dale ,,bureau ,,bookcase #bca ,,mahogany ,,*air1 ,*ipp5dale ,/yle #bcb ,,cottage ,,*airs1 bee*wood1 ,*ipp5dale /yle #bcc ,,int]ior ,,( ,,room ,,( ,,ab\t #aghb1 aft] ,/o?>d #bce ,,*apt] ,,xi4--,,%]aton1 ,,adam1 ,,& ,,heppel:ite ,,/yles4 ,,heppel:ite ,,settee1 mahogany #bda ,,%]aton1 ,adam1 & ,heppel:ite ,*airs #bdc ,,old ,,engli% ,,secretaire #bej ,,%ield-,,back ,,*air1 late ,eighte5? ,c5tury #bea ,,*apt] ,,xii4--,,h9ts ,,to ,,collectors4 ,,design ,,= ,,spuri\s ,,m>quetry ,,"w #bei ,,made-,,up ,,buffet #bfa ,,cab9et ,,( ,,old ,,oak1 made-up #bfg ,,design ,,= ,,spuri\s ,,m>quetry ,,"w #bgc ,,piece ,,( ,,spani% ,,*e/nut1 %[+ ravages ( worms #bgd ,,bibliography ,,g5]al4 ,anci5t ,furniture1 ,specim5s (4 ,h4 ,%aw4 ,qu>it*4 #ahcf4 ,l#aj #ajs41 n[ wor? ,l#c #cs4 ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,furniture4 ,b4 ,j4 ,talb]t4 ,bats=d4 #ahgf4 #cbs4 ,antique ,furniture1 ,sket*es (4 ,w4 ,s4 ,ogd54 ,bats=d4 #ahhi4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,c>v$ ,furniture & ,woodwork4 ,m4 ,m>%all4 ,w4 ,h4 ,all54 #ahhh4 ,l#c4 ,c>v$ ,oak 9 ,woodwork & ,furniture f ,anci5t ,h\ses4 ,w4 ,b4 ,s&]s4 #ahhc4 #cas4 #f;d4 ,decorative ,furniture1 ,engli% & ,fr5*1 ( ! ,sixte5?1 ,sev5te5? & ,eighte5? ,c5turies4 ,w4 ,h4 ,hackett4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,ecclesia/ical ,woodwork1 ,rema9s (4 ,t4 ,t4 ,bury4 ,lockwood4 #ahdg4 #bas4 ,fr5* & ,engli% ,furniture4 ,e4 ,s+leton4 ,hodd]4 #aijd4 ,furniture1 ,anci5t & ,mod]n4 ,j4 ,w4 ,small4 ,bats=d4 #ahhc4 #bas4 ,furniture & ,decoration4 ,j4 ,a4 ,heaton4 #ahij-ib4 ,furniture & ,woodwork1 ,anci5t & ,mod]n4 ,j4 ,h4 ,poll54 ,*apman4 #ahgd-e4 #bas4 & #bs4 #f;d4 ,furniture & ,woodwork4 ,j4 ,h4 ,poll54 ,/an=d4 #ahgf4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,furniture ( ! ,old5 ,"t4 ,f4 ,c4 ,morse4 ,macmillan4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,go?ic ,furniture1 ,connoisseur4 ,may1 #aijc4 ,hi/ory ( ,furniture ,illu/rat$4 ,f4 ,lit*field4 ,truslove4 #bes4 ,m>quetry1 ,p>quetry1 ,b\lle & o!r ,inlay ,"w4 ,w4 ,bemrose4 #ahgb & #ahhb4 ,old ,furniture1 ,engli% & ,=eign4 ,a4 ,e4 ,*ancellor4 ,bats=d4 ,l#a #es4 ,old ,furniture f ,twelf? to ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,wyman4 #ahhc4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,/yle 9 ,furniture & ,woodwork4 ,r4 ,brook4 ,privately pr9t$4 #ahhi4 #bas4 ,,p>ticul>4 ,,engli%4--,adam ,r4 ,j41 ,! ,ar*itecture1 ,decoration an ,furniture ( ,r4 ,j4 ,adam1 select$ f works publi%$ #aggh-ahbb4 ,london4 #ahhj4 ,adam1 ,! ,bro!rs4 ,connoisseur4 ,may1 ,june & ,augu/1 #aijd4 ,anci5t ,wood & ,iron ,"w 9 ,cambridge4 ,w4 ,b4 ,r$f]n4 ,spald+4 #ahhg4 #cas4 #f;d4 ,*ipp5dale1 ,t4 ,cab9et ,mak]s' ,directory4 ,publi%$ 9 #aged1 #agee & #agfb4 7,! be/ edition is ! la/ z x conta9s #bjj plates z aga9/ #afa 9 ! e>li] editions4 ,its value is ab\t ,l#ab47 ,*ipp5dale & ,8 ,"w4 ,connoisseur1 ,janu>y1 ,july1 ,augu/1 ,septemb]1 ,octob]1 ,novemb]1 ,decemb]1 #aijc1 ,janu>y1 #aijd4 ,*ipp5dale1 ,%]aton & ,heppel:ite1 ,! ,designs (4 ,arrang$ by ,j4 ,m4 ,bell4 #aijj4 ,wor? ,l#b #bs4 ,*ipp5dale's ,contempor>ies4 ,connoisseur1 ,m>*1 #aijd4 ,*ipp5dale & ,%]aton4 ,connoisseur1 ,may1 #aijb4 ,c(f]s & ,cupbo>ds1 ,anci5t4 ,fr$ ,roe4 ,me?u5 ,co4 #aijc4 ,l#c #cs4 ,engli% ,furniture1 ,hi/ory (4 ,p]cy ,macquoid4 ,publi%$ by ,lawr5ce ,bull5 9 #gs4 #f;d4 p>ts1 ! fir/ ( :i* appe>$ 9 ,novemb]1 #aijd4 ,engli% ,furniture & ,woodwork dur+ ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,t4 ,a4 ,/range4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,furniture ( our ,=efa!rs4 ,e4 ,s+leton4 ,bats=d4 ,l#c #aes4 ,hatfield ,h\se1 ,hi/ory (4 ,q4 ,f4 ,rob9son4 #ahhc4 ,h>dwicke ,hall1 ,hi/ory (4 ,q4 ,f4 ,rob9son4 #ahce4 ,heppel:ite1 ,a41 ,cab9et ,mak]4 ,publi%$ #aghh1 #aghi1 & #agid1 & conta9s ab\t #acj plates4 ,value ,l#h to ,l#ab4 ,repr9t issu$ 9 #ahig4 ,wor? ,l#b #ajs4 ,ince & ,mayhew4 ,h\sehold ,furniture4 ,n4d4 7#aggj74 ,wor? ,l#bj4 ,jacobean ,furniture4 ,connoisseur1 ,septemb]1 #aijb4 ,knole ,h\se1 ,its ,/ate ,rooms1 c4 7,elizabe?an & o!r ,furniture47 ,s4 ,j4 ,mackie4 #aheh4 ,manw>+1 ,r41 ,cab9et & ,*airmak]'s ,real ,fri5d4 ,london4 #agfe4 ,mansions ( ,engl& 9 ! ,old5 ,"t4 ,j4 ,na%4 #ahci-di4 ,old ,engli% ,h\ses & ,furniture4 ,m4 ,b4 ,adam4 ,bats=d4 #ahhi4 #bes4 ,old ,engli% ,oak ,furniture4 ,j4 ,w4 ,hurrell4 ,bats=d4 ,l#b #bs4 ,old ,engli% ,furniture4 ,fr$]ick ,f5n & ,b4 ,wyllie4 ,newnes4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,old ,oak1 ,! ,art ( ,collect+4 ,connoisseur1 ,septemb]1 #aija4 ,%]aton1 ,t4 ,cab9et ,mak]'s ,draw+ ,book4 #agia-c edition conta9s #aaa plates4 ,value ,l#ac4 #agid edition conta9s #aai plates4 ,value ,l#aj4 ,%]aton ,t4 ,cab9et ,directory4 #ahjc4 ,/aircases & ,h&rails ( ! ,age ( ,elizabe?4 ,j4 ,weale4 #ahfj4 ,uphol/]]'s ,repository4 ,ack]mann4 ,n4d4 ,wor? ,l#e4 ,,fr5*4--,dictionnaire de l',ameublem5t4 ,h4 ,hav>d4 ,p>is4 ,n4d4 ,wor? ,l#e4 ,dictionnaire ,raisonne4 ,m4 ,viollet-le-,duc4 #aheh-ge4 #f vols4 ,wor? ,l#aj4 ,fr5* ,furniture4 ,lady ,dilke4 ,bell4 #aija4 ,fr5* ,eighte5? ,c5tury ,furniture1 ,h&book to !4 ,jones ,collection ,catalogue4 #ahha4 ,fr5* ,eighte5? ,c5tury ,furniture1 ,h&book to !4 ,wallace ,collection ,catalogue4 #aijd4 ,hi/ory ( ,furniture4 ,a4 ,jacquem>t4 ,*apman4 #ahgh4 #cas4 #f;d4 ,issu$ 9 ,p>is 9 #ahgf1 "u ! title ,hi/oire du ,mobili]4 ,le ,meuble en ,france au ,,xvi ,siecle4 ,e4 ,bonnaffe4 ,p>is4 #ahhg4 ,wor? #ajs4 ,,japanese4--,lacqu] ,indu/ry ( ,japan4 ,report ( ,h] ,maje/y's ,act+-,consul at ,hakodate4 ,j4 ,j4 ,qu94 ,p>liam5t>y ,pap]4 #hvo4 ,london4 #ahhb4 ,,scotti%4--,scotti% ,woodwork ( ,sixte5? & ,sev5te5? ,c5turies4 ,j4 ,w4 ,small4 ,wat]/on4 #ahgh4 ,l#d #ds4 ,,spani%4--,spani% & ,portuguese4 ,catalogue ( ,special ,loan ,exhibition ( ,spani% & ,portuguese ,ornam5tal ,art4 #ahha4 ,,gloss>y ,,( ,,t]ms ,,us$ ,armoire4--,a l>ge cupbo>d ( ,fr5* design ( ! dim5sions ( ! mod]n w>drobe4 ,9 ! days ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ^! pieces 7 made 9 magnific5t /yle4 ,! ,jones ,collection at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum has sev]al f9e examples4 7,see illu/ration1 p4 #afe47 ,b>oque4--,us$ 9 connection ) ov] ornate & incongru\s decoration z 9 rococo /yle4 ,bombe4--,a t]m appli$ to pieces ( furniture :i* swell out at ! sides4 ,b\le4--,a special =m ( m>quetry ( brass & tortoise%ell p]fect$ by ,&re ,*>les ,b\le 9 ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 7,see ,*apt] ,,vi41 :]e specim5s ( ?is k9d ( "w are illu/rat$47 ,! "n has be5 corrupt$ into a trade t]m ,buhl1 to d5ote ?is /yle ( m>quetry4 ,b\le or ,premi]e p>tie is a metal inlay1 usually brass1 appli$ to a tortoise%ell backgr\nd4 ,see also ,c\nt]-b\le4 ,bureau4--,a cab9et ) draw]s1 & hav+ a drop-d[n front = use z a writ+-table4 ,bureaux are ( _m =ms4 7,see illu/ration1 p4 #bca47 ,cabriole4--,us$ 9 connection ) ! legs ( tables & *airs :i* are curv$ 9 =m1 hav+ a sudd5 ar* outw>ds f ! seat4 7,see illu/ration1 p4 #adc47 ,c>yatides4--,c>v$ female figures appli$ to columns 9 ,greek ar*itecture1 z at ! ,erec!um at ,a!ns4 ,!y 7 employ$ by woodc>v]s1 & l>gely introduc$ into ,r5aissance furniture ( an ar*itectural "*4 ,elizabe?an craftsm5 7 especially fond ( _! use z t]m9als1 & 9 ! florid decoration ( elaborate furniture4 ,cassone4--,an ,italian m>riage c(f]4 ,9 ,*apt] ,i4 w be f\nd a full description ( ^! cassoni4 ,commode4--,a *e/ ( draw]s ( ,fr5* /yle4 ,9 ! *apt]s deal+ ) ! /yles ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 ,l\is ,,xv41 & ,l\is ,,xvi41 ^! are fully describ$ & illu/rations are giv54 ,c\nt]-,b\le4 ,contre p>tie4--,see ,*apt] ,,vi41 :]e specim5s ( ?is "w are illu/rat$4 ,x consi/s ( a brass gr\ndwork ) tortoise%ell inlay4 ,fr5* ,poli%4--,a *eap & na/y me?od us$ s9ce #ahea to v>ni% poor-look+ wood to disguise its inf]iority4 ,x is quick] ?an ! old me?od ( rubb+ 9 oil & turp5t9e & beeswax4 ,x is compos$ ( %ellac dissolv$ 9 me?ylat$ spirits ) col\r+ matt] add$4 ,gate-leg table4--,?is t]m is self-explanatory4 ,! legs ( ?is class ( table op5 l a gate4 ,!y belong to ,jacobean days1 & are sometimes spok5 ( z ,cromwellian tables4 ,an illu/ration ( "o appe>s on ! cov]4 ,go?ic4--,?is t]m 0 orig9ally appli$ to ! m$iaeval /yles ( ar*itecture4 ,x 0 us$ z a t]m ( reproa* & contempt at a "t :5 x 0 ! fa%ion to write ,lat9 & to expect x to become ! univ]sal language4 ,9 woodc>v+ ! ,go?ic /yle foll[$ ! ar*itecture4 ,a f9e example ( ! transition betwe5 ,go?ic & ! oncom+ ,r5aissance is giv5 7p4 #dd74 ,inlay4--,a t]m us$ = ! practice ( decorat+ surfaces & panels ( furniture ) wood ( v>i\s col\rs1 "m-(-pe>l1 or ivory4 ,! inlay is let into ! wood ( :i* ! piece inlaid is compos$4 ,jacobean4--,/rictly speak+1 only furniture ( ! days ( ,james ,i4 %\ld be t]m$ ,jacobean4 ,b by "s collectors ! p]iod is held to ext5d to ,james ,,ii4--t is f #afjc to #afhh4 ,o!r collectors pref] ! t]m ,c>olean = a portion ( ! above p]iod1 :i* is equally mislead+4 ,jacobean is only a r\gh g5]alisation ( sev5te5?-c5tury furniture4 ,lacqu]4 ,lac4--,a transp>5t v>ni% us$ 9 its p]fection by ! ,*9ese & ,japanese4 7,see ,consul> ,report on ,japanese ,lacqu]$ ,"w1 9 ,bibliography47 ,introduc$ into ,holl& & ,france1 x 0 imitat$ ) great success4 ,"u ,l\is ,,xv4 ,v]nis-,m>t9 became ! rage 7q4v474 ,l95 ,patt]n4--,a =m ( c>v+ panels to repres5t a fold$ napk94 ,?is p>ticul> design 0 l>gely us$ 9 ,france & ,g]many prior to its adoption "h4 7,see illu/ration1 p4 #fj47 ,m>quetry4--,inlays ( col\r$ woods1 arrang$ ) "s design1 geometric1 floral1 or o!rwise1 are class$ "u ?is /yle4 7,see also ,p>quetry47 ,mortise4--,a t]m 9 c>p5try us$ to d5ote ! hole made 9 a piece ( wood to receive ! end ( ano!r piece to be jo9$ to x4 ,! portion :i* fits into ! mortise is call$ ! t5on4 ,oil ,poli%4--,old furniture1 be=e ! introduction ( v>ni%es & ,fr5* poli% & o!r in>ti/ic effects1 0 poli%$ by rubb+ ! surface ) a /one1 if x 0 a l>ge area z 9 ! case ( a table1 & !n apply+ l9se$ oil & poli%+ ) beeswax & turp5t9e4 ,! f9e tone aft] c5turies ( ?is treatm5t is evid5t 9 old pieces :i* h a metallic lu/re t _c be imitat$4 ,p>quetry4--,inlays ( woods ( ! same col\r are t]m$ p>quetry "w 9 contradi/9ction to m>quetry1 :i* is 9 diff]5t col\r4 ,geometric designs are ma9ly us$ z 9 p>quetry floors4 ,re$$4--,?is t]m is appli$ to ! /yle ( decoration by :i* ?9 n>r[ /rips ( wood are plac$ side by side on ! surface ( furniture4 ,r5aissance4--,! /yle :i* 0 orig9at$ 9 ,italy 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 supplant+ ! ,m$iaeval /yles :i* embrac$ ,byzant9e & ,go?ic art2 ! new-bir? 0 9 orig9 a lit]>y movem5t1 b quickly affect$ art1 & grew ) surpris+ rapidity1 & affect$ e c\ntry 9 ,europe4 ,x is bas$ on ,classic types1 & its influ5ce on furniture & woodwork foll[$ its adoption 9 ar*itecture4 ,re/or$4--,?is ^w is ! fly 9 ! pot ( o9tm5t to all :o possess antiqu>ian ta/es4 ,x ought to mean1 9 furniture1 t only ! mo/ necess>y repairs h be5 made 9 ord] to pres]ve ! object4 ,x m (t5 means t a consid]able am\nt ( misappli$ +5uity has gone to ! remak+ ( a badly-pres]v$ specim54 ,re/orations are only p]missible at ! h&s ( mo/ consci5ti\s craftsm54 ,rococo4--,a /yle :i* 0 mo/ m>k$ly (f5sive 9 ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xv4 ,mean+less elaborations ( scroll & %ell "w1 ) rocky backgr\nds & incongru\s ornam5tations1 are its *ief features4 ,b>oque is ano!r t]m appli$ to ?is ov]load$ /yle4 ,settee4--,an uphol/]$ =m ( ! settle4 ,settle4--,a wood5 seat ) back & arms1 capable ( seat+ ?ree or f\r p]sons side by side4 ,splat4--,! wood5 portion 9 ! back ( a *air connect+ ! top rail ) ! seat4 ,/rapwork4--,?is is appli$ to ! =m ( decoration employ$ by ! ,elizabe?an woodc>v]s 9 imitation ( ,flemi% orig9als4 7,see p4 #fh47 ,/ret*]4--,! rail :i* connects ! legs ( a *air or a table ) "o ano!r4 ,9 e>li] =ms x 0 us$ z a footre/ to keep ! feet f ! damp or draughty ru% floor4 ,t5on4--,mortise & ,t5on jo9t4 7,see ,mortise47 ,turn$ ,"w4--,! spiral rails & uprights ( *airs 7 turn$ ) ! la! 9 ,jacobean days4 ,prior to ! introduction ( ! la! all "w 0 c>v$ )\t ! use ( ?is tool4 ,pieces ( furniture h be5 f\nd :]e ! mak] has c>v$ ! turn$ "w 9 all its details ( =m1 ei!r f caprice or f ignorance ( ! exi/5ce ( ! quick] me?od4 ,v5e]4--,a me?od ( us+ ?9 lay]s ( wood & lay+ !m on a piece ( furniture1 ei!r z m>quetry 9 diff]5t col\rs1 or 9 "o wood only4 ,x 0 an inv5tion 9 ord] to employ f9] specim5s ( wood c>efully select$ 9 ! p>ts ( a piece ( furniture mo/ noticeable4 ,x has be5 s9ce us$ to hide inf]ior wood4 ,v]nis-,m>t9 7,m>t9's ,v>ni%74--,! lacqu]$ "w ( a ,fr5* c>riage-pa9t] nam$ ,m>t91 :o claim$ to h discov]$ ! secret ( ! ,japanese lac1 & :o1 9 #aggd1 0 grant$ a monopoly = its use4 ,he appli$ x successfully to all k9ds ( furniture1 & to fan-gu>ds & /icks4 ,9 ! days ( ,madame du ,pompad\r ,v]nis-,m>t9 _h a great vogue1 & panels prep>$ by ,m>t9 7 elaborately pa9t$ ^u by ,lancret & ,b\*]4 ,to ?is day 8 v>ni% reta9s its lu/re undimm$1 & specim5s comm& high prices4 ,woods us$ 9 ,furniture4 ,high-class ,"w4--,brazil wood1 ,corom&el1 ,mahogany1 ,maple1 ,oak 7v>i\s k9ds71 ,olive1 ,rosewood1 ,sat9wood1 ,s&alwood1 ,sweet ,c$>1 ,sweet ,*e/nut1 ,teak1 ,walnut4 ,common] ,"w4--,a%1 ,bee*1 ,bir*1 ,c$>s 7v>i\s71 ,deals1 ,mahogany 7v>i\s k9ds71 ,p9e1 ,walnut4 ,m>quetry & ,v5e]s4--,select$ specim5s = f9e figur+ are us$ z v5e]s1 & = m>quetry ( v>i\s col\rs ! foll[+ are us$ z be+ m easily /a9$3 ,holly1 ,horse*e/nut1 ,sycamore1 ,pe>1 ,plum ,tree4 ,woods ) ,fancy ,names4 ,k+ ,wood1 ,p>tridge ,wood1 ,pheasant ,wood1 ,purple ,wood1 ,snakewood1 ,tulip ,wood4 ,^! are m r>e & f9ely-m>k$ =eign woods us$ sp>+ly 9 ! mo/ exp5sive furniture4 ,to arrive at ! botanical names ( ^! is n an easy matt]4 ,to ^? int]e/$ a li/ ( woods us$ by cab9et-mak]s ) _! botanical names is giv5 9 ,mr4 ,j4 ,hung]=d ,poll5's ,introduction to ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,collection ( ,furniture4 ,at ! ,museum at ,kew ,g>d5s & 9 ! ,imp]ial ,in/itute are collections ( r>e woods wor? exam9ation4 ,i ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,on ,,! ,,cont95t ,illu/ration3 ,portion ( c>v$ cornice ( p9ewood1 f ! ,palazzo ,b5si ,cecc9i1 ,v5ice4 ,italian2 middle ( sixte5? c5tury4 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,,*ats ,,on ,,old ,,furniture ,i ,,! ,,r5aissance ,,on ,,! ,,cont95t ,,italy4 ,flight ( ,greek s*ol>s to ,italy ^u capture ( ,con/ant9ople by ! ,turks--#adec4 ,r$iscov]y ( ,greek art4 ,flor5ce ! c5tre ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,leo ,x41 ,pope 7#adge-aeba74 ,leon>do da ,v9ci 7#adeb-aebj74 ,raphael 7#adhc-aebj74 ,mi*ael ,angelo 7#adgd-aefd74 ,,france4 ,francis ,i4 7#aeae-aedg74 ,h5ry ,,iv4 7#aehi-afaj74 ,,spa94 ,! cr[n unit$ "u ,f]d9& & ,isabella 7#adeb-aeaf74 ,granada tak5 f ! ,moors--#adib4 ,*>les ,v4 7#aeai-aeee74 ,philip ,,ii4 7#aeee-aeih74 ,,g]many4 ,maximilian ,i41 ,emp]or ( ,g]many 7#adei-aeai74 ,holbe9 7#adih-aedc74 ,9 attempt+ to deal ) ! subject ( old furniture 9 a mann] n too te*nical1 c]ta9 broad divisions h to be made = conv5i5ce 9 classification4 ,! g5]al read] does n want in=mation conc]n+ ! iron b$ ( ,og1 ,k+ ( ,ba%an1 nor ( ,cic]o's table ( citrus-wood1 :i* co/ ,l#i1jjj2 nor are details ( ! *air ( ,dagob]t & ( ! jewel-*e/ ( ,ri*>d ( ,cornwall ( mu* wor? to ! mod]n collector4 ,x w be f\nd conv5i5t to elim9ate mu* extrane\s matt]1 su* z ! e>ly orig9s ( furniture & its developm5t 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 & to comm5ce 9 ?is c\ntry ) ! ,tudor p]iod4 ,broadly speak+1 ,engli% furniture falls "u ?ree heads--! ,oak ,p]iod1 embrac+ ! furniture ( ! sixte5? & e>ly sev5te5? c5turies2 ! ,walnut ,p]iod1 includ+ ! late sev5te5? & e>ly eighte5? c5turies2 ! ,mahogany ,p]iod1 beg9n+ ) ! reign ( ,george ,,iii4 ,x may be obs]v$ t ! names ( k+s & ( que5s h be5 appli$ to v>i\s /yles ( furniture z belong+ to _! reign4 ,e>ly ,victorian is c]ta9ly a m expressive t]m ?an e>ly n9ete5? c5tury4 ,cromwellian tables1 ,que5 ,anne *airs1 or ,l\is ,seize commodes all h an especial mean+ z ref]r+ to /yles m or less preval5t :5 ^? p]sonages liv$4 ,z !re is no record ( ! mak]s ( mo/ ( ! old ,engli% furniture1 & z a piece ( furniture _c be judg$ z c a picture1 ! date ( manufacture _c be precisely laid d[n1 h5ce ! vagu5ess ( mu* ( ! classification ( old furniture4 ,r\ghly x may 9 ,engl& be dealt ) "u ! ,tudor1 ! ,/u>t1 & ! ,georgian ages4 ,^! ?ree divisions d n co9cide exactly ) ! p]iods ( oak1 ( walnut1 & ( mahogany1 inasmu* z ! oak furniture ext5d$ well into ! ,/u>t days1 & walnut 0 preval5t 9 ! reigns ( ,george ,i4 & ,george ,,ii4 ,9 any case1 ^! broad divisions are fur!r divid$ into sub-heads embrac+ /yles :i* arose out ( ! natural developm5t 9 ta/e1 or :i* came & w5t at ! caprice ( fa%ion4 ,illu/ration3 ,frame ( wood1 c>v$ ) floral scrollwork1 ) female t]m9al figures4 ,italian2 late sixte5? c5tury4 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,! =mation ( a def9ite ,engli% "* 9 ! furniture ( ! ?ree p]iods mu/ be exam9$ 9 conjunction ) ! prevail+ /yles 9 =eign furniture %[+ :at influ5ces 7 at "w4 ,_m conditions gov]n$ ! introduction ( =eign furniture into ,engl&4 ,r5aissance art made a *ange 9 ar*itecture1 & a correspond+ *ange took place 9 furniture4 ,ecclesia/ical build+s foll[$ ! cont95tal ar*itecture 9 =m & design1 & =eign workm5 7 employ$ by ! ,*ur* & by ! nobility 9 decorat+ & embelli%+ ca!drals & abbeys & feudal ca/les4 ,! e>ly ,tudor days "u ,h5ry ,,vii4 saw ! dawn ( ! ,r5aissance 9 ,engl&4 ,jean de ,mabuse & ,torrigiano 7 invit$ ov] ! sea by ,h5ry ,,vii41 & "u ! /urdy impulse ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 classical le>n+ & love ( ! f9e arts 7 enc\rag$4 ,8 palaces 7 furni%$ ) spl5d\r4 ,he wi%$ to emulate ! *ateau ( ,francis at ,fonta9ebleau4 ,he tri$ to entice ! ,fr5* k+'s arti/s ) m tempt+ t]ms4 ,holbe91 ! great ma/] ( ! ,g]man s*ool1 came to ,engl&1 & 8 influ5ce ov] ,tudor art 0 v pron\nc$4 ,! florid mann] ( ! ,r5aissance 0 temp]$ ) ! broad] treatm5t ( ! nor!rn s*ool4 ,! art1 too1 ( ! ,flemi% woodc>v]s f\nd sympa!tic reception 9 ?is c\ntry1 & ! h>moni\s bl5d+ ( ! designs ( ! ,r5aissance craftsm5 ( ! ,italian ) ^? ( ! ,flemi% s*ool result$ 9 ! gr[? 9 ,engl& ( ! beautiful & *>act]i/ic /yle kn[n z ,tudor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,front ,,( ,,c(f]4 ,,*e/nut ,,wood4 ,,italian2 ,,late ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury4 ,) %ield ( arms support$ by two male demi figures t]m9at+ 9 floral scrollwork4 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,! t]m ,r5aissance is us$ 9 reg>d to t p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( art :i* m>k$ ! return to ! classic =ms employ$ by ! ,greeks & ,romans4 ,! *ange f ! ,go?ic or ,m$iaeval "w to ! classic feel+ _h its orig9 9 ,italy1 & spread1 at fir/ gradually b lat] ) amaz+ rapidity & gr[+ /r5g?1 into ,g]many1 ,spa91 ! ,ne!rl&s1 ,france1 & f9ally to ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur4 ,,bridal ,,*e/4 ,,go?ic ,,design4 ,,middle ,,( ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury4 7,muni* ,national ,museum47 ,! ,r5aissance 0 9 orig9 a lit]>y movem5t1 & its influ5ce 9 art came ?r\gh lit]ature4 ,! en?usiasm ( ! new le>n+ act+ on craftsm5 already tra9$ to ! highe/ degree ( te*nical skill produc$ "w ( great brilliance4 ,nev] did ! f9e arts rise to su* transc5d5t heights z 9 ,italy f ! f\rte5? to ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5turies4 ,! late ,john ,add+ton ,symonds1 9 8 "w on ,! ,r5aissance 9 ,italy1 deals 9 a compreh5sive mann] ) ?is memorable p]iod1 dur+ :i* e city 9 ,italy1 great or small1 0 produc+ wond]ful works ( art1 9 pa9t+1 9 sculpture1 9 goldsmi?s' "w1 9 woodc>v+1 9 furniture1 ( :i* n[ e civilis$ c\ntry /ruggles to obta9 = its art collections ! scatt]$ fragm5ts ( ^! great days4 ,dur+ t p]iod ( prodigi\s activity1 he says1 ! entire nation seem$ to be end[$ ) an in/9ct = ! beautiful & ) ! capacity = produc+ x 9 e conceivable =m4 ,9 ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury ! ,r5aissance /yle 9 woodwork 0 at fir/ m evid5t 9 ! *ur*es & 9 ! palaces ( ! nobility 9 ! ,italian /ates4 ,"s ( ! mo/ magnific5t examples ( c>v$ woodwork are pres]v$ 9 ! *oir-/alls1 doorways & panell+ ( ! *ur*es & ca!drals ( ,italy4 ,! great arti/s ( ! day gave _! tal5ts to ! production ( woodwork & furniture 9 v>i\s mat]ials4 ,wood 0 *iefly employ$ 9 mak+ furniture1 usually oak1 cypress1 ebony1 walnut1 or *e/nut1 :i* la/ wood is v simil> 9 appe>ance to oak4 ,^! 7 decorat$ ) gild+ & pa9t+s1 & 7 inlaid ) o!r woods1 or agate1 lapis-lazuli1 & m>bles ( v>i\s t9ts1 ) ivory1 tortoise%ell1 "m-(-pe>l1 or ) ornam5ts ( hamm]$ silv]4 ,! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum conta9s "s spl5did examples ( f\rte5? & fifte5? c5tury ,italian ,r5aissance furniture1 :i* illu/rate well ! magnific5ce & virility ( ! great art movem5t :i* influ5c$ ! rema9d] ( ,europe4 ,9 p>ticul>1 c>v$ & gild$ frames1 & m>riage c(f]s 7cassoni7 giv5 to brides z "p ( _! d[ry to hold ! bridal tr\sseau1 are ri*ly & effectively decorat$4 ,! frame ( c>v$ wood 7illu/rat$ p4 #ce71 ) f9e scroll "w & female t]m9al figures1 is enri*$ ) pa9t+ & gild+4 ,! frame on ! title-page ( ?is volume is ( c>v$ wood1 decorat$ ) gold /ucco4 ,bo? ^! are sixte5?-c5tury ,italian "w4 ,9 fact1 ! /udy ( ! v>i\s types & ! diff]5t k9ds ( ornam5tation giv5 to ^! cassoni w\ld be an int]e/+ subject = ! /ud5t1 :o w\ld f9d en\gh mat]ial 9 ! collection at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum to enable him to foll[ ! ,r5aissance movem5t f its e>ly days d[n to ! "t :5 cr[d$ design1 ov]-elaboration1 & inh>moni\s details grew apace l s _m we$s to *oke ! ideals ( ! ma/] spirits ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,! front ( ! late fifte5?-c5tury c(f] 7illu/rat$ p4 #ch7 is ( *e/nut wood1 c>v$ ) a %ield ( arms support$ by two male demi-figures1 t]m9at+ 9 floral scroll "w4 ,!re are /ill traces ( gild+ on ! wood4 ,at fir/ ! l9es foll[$ ar*itecture 9 "*4 ,cab9ets _h pila/]s1 columns1 & ar*es resembl+ ! old ,roman temples4 ,! illu/ration ( a portion ( a cornice ( c>v$ p9ewood appe>+ z ! headpiece to ?is *apt] %[s ?is t5d5cy4 ,! m>riage c(f]s _h classic heads ^u !m1 b gradually ?is *a/e /yle gave place to ri* ornam5tation ) designs ( griff9s & grotesque masks4 ,! *airs1 too1 7 at fir/ v sev]e 9 outl9e1 usually ) a high back & fitt$ ) a /ret*] betwe5 ! legs1 :i* 0 c>v$1 z 0 also ! back ( ! *air4 ,9 ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury ,go?ic art _h atta9$ its high-wat] m>k 9 ,g]many be=e ! new art f ,italy _h cross$ ! ,alps4 ,we reproduce a bridal *e/1 ( ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 f ! collection 9 ! ,muni* ,national ,museum1 :i* %[s ! basis ( ,go?ic art 9 ,engl& prior to ! revival & be=e fur!r =eign influ5ces 7 br\ght to be> on ,engli% art 7p4 #ci74 ,! influ5ce ( ,italian art ^u ,france soon made itself felt4 ,italian ar*itects & craftsm5 7 invit$ by ,francis ,i4 & by ! ,pr9cesses ( ! ,h\se ( ,m$ici1 ( :i* ,pope ,leo ,x4 0 ! illu/ri\s head1 to build palaces & *ateaux 9 ! ,r5aissance /yle4 ,! ,tuil]ies1 ,fonta9ebleau1 & ! ,l\vre 7 ! result ( ?is importation4 ,primaticcio & ,cell9i f\nd$ a s*ool ( sculptors & wood-c>v]s 9 ,france1 ( :i* ,jean ,g\jon /&s pre-em95t4 ,! furniture began gradually to dep>t f ! old ,go?ic traditions1 z is %[n 9 ! design ( ! oak *e/ ( ! late fifte5? c5tury pres]v$ 9 ! ,dubl9 ,museum1 :i* we illu/rate1 & comm5c$ to emulate ! gorge\sness ( ,italy4 ,?is is a p>ticul>ly in/ructive example1 %[+ ! transition betwe5 ! ,go?ic & ! ,r5aissance /yles4 ,illu/ration3 ,,front ,,( ,,oak ,,*e/4 ,,fr5*2 ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury4 7,dubl9 ,museum47 ,! ,fr5* ,r5aissance sidebo>d 9 ! illu/ration 7p4 #de7 is a f9e example ( ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,x is c>v$ 9 walnut4 ,! m\ld$ top is support$ 9 front by an arcad+ decorat$ ) two male & two female t]m9al figures1 :i* are enri*$ ) masks & floral ornam5t4 ,beh9d ! arcad+ is a table support+ a cupbo>d & re/+ 9 front on f\r turn$ columns2 x is fitt$ ) ?ree draw]s1 ! fronts ( :i*1 z well z t ( ! cupbo>d1 are decorat$ ) mon/]s1 grotesque masks1 & scroll "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,t4 ,fo/] ,%attock1 ,esq4 ,,walnut ,,sidebo>d4 ,,fr5*2 ,,middle ,,( ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury4 ,! impulse giv5 by ,francis ,i4 0 responsible = mu* decorative "w 9 ! e>ly p]iod ( ! ,fr5* ,r5aissance1 & _m beautiful examples exi/ 9 ! *ur*es & *ateaux ( ,france to :i* 8 "n has be5 giv54 ,x is noticeable t ! *ief diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,italian & ! ,fr5* ,r5aissance lies 9 ! f\ndation ( ,go?ic influ5ce und]ly+ ! new] ,r5aissance ornam5t 9 ,fr5* "w ( ! p]iod4 ,flamboyant ar*es & ,go?ic canopies 7 frequ5tly reta9$ & m+l$ ) classic decoration4 ,! ,fr5* clung to _! old] *>act]i/ics ) m t5acity1 inasmu* z ! ,r5aissance 0 a sudd5 importation r ?an a natural developm5t ( sl[] gr[?4 ,! ,fr5* ,r5aissance cab9et ( walnut illu/rat$ 7p4 #dh7 is f ,lyons1 & is ( ! lat] "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,x is f9ely c>v$ ) t]m9al figures1 masks1 trophies ( ornam5ts1 & o!r ornam5t4 ,9 comp>ison ) ! sixte5?-c5tury ebony cab9et ( ! p]iod ( ,h5ry ,,iv41 f9ely inlaid ) ivory 9 mo/ ref9$ /yle1 x is obvi\s t a great v>iety ( sumptu\s furniture 0 be+ made by ! production ( su* div]se types z ^!1 & t ! craftsm5 7 possess$ ( a weal? ( inv5tion4 ,! range ( ,engli% craftsm5's designs dur+ ! ,r5aissance 9 ?is c\ntry 0 nev] s ext5sive1 z c be se5 on a detail$ exam9ation ( ,engli% "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cab9et ,,( ,,walnut ,,fr5* 7,,lyons72 ,,second ,,half ,,( ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury4 ,c>v$ ) t]m9al figures1 masks1 & trophies ( arms4 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,9 ,spa9 ! ,italian feel+ became acclimatis$ m readily ?an 9 ,france4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury ! wood c>v+ ( ,spa9 is ( exce$+ beauty4 ,! decoration ( ! *oir ( ! ca!dral at ,tol$o is held to be "o ( ! f9e/ examples ( ! ,spani% ,r5aissance4 ,9 furniture ! cab9ets & buffets ( ! ,spani% craftsm5 are ( p]fect grace & ( *>act]i/ic design4 ,! old] ,spani% cab9ets are decorat$ ext]nally ) delicate ironwork & ) columns ( ivory or bone pa9t$ & ri*ly gild$1 exhibit+ ,moori% influ5ce 9 _! "*4 ,_m ( ! m magnific5t specim5s are ri*ly inlaid ) silv]1 & are ! "w ( ! arti/s ( ,seville1 ( ,tol$o1 or ( ,valladolid4 ,! fir/ illu/ration ( a cab9et & /& is a typically ,spani% design1 & ! second illu/ration ( ! c>v$ walnut *e/ 9 ! ,national ,ar*aelogical ,museum at ,madrid is ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 ! ,spani% wood-c>v]s _h develop$ ! ,r5aissance _s & rea*$ a v high level 9 _! art4 ,simultane\sly ) ! ,italianis+ ( ,fr5* art a simil> wave ( novelty 0 spread+ ov] ! ,ne!rl&s & ,g]many4 ,! ,flemi% ,r5aissance approa*es m ne>ly to ! ,engli% 9 ! adaptation ( ! ,italian /yle1 or x w\ld be m accurate to say t ! ,engli% is m closely alli$ to ! art ( ! ,ne!rl&s1 z x drew mu* ( its inspiration f ! ,flemi% wood-c>v]s4 ,! spiral turn$ legs & columns1 ! /rap frets cut out & appli$ to v>i\s p>ts1 ! squ>es betwe5 turn+s (t5 left blank to admit ( a little ebony diamond1 are all ( ! same family z ! ,engli% /yles4 ,ebony inlay 0 frequ5tly us$1 b ! ,flemi% "w ( ?is p]iod 0 ne>ly all 9 oak4 ,m>quet]ie ( ri* design 0 made1 ! inlay be+ ( v>i\s col\r$ woods & %ad$4 ,"m-(-pe>l & ivory 7 also employ$ to height5 ! effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fr5* ,,cab9et4 ,ebony & ivory m>quetry "w4 ,,middle ,,( ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury4 7,f ! collection ( ,m4 ,emile ,peyre47 ,illu/ration3 ,,spani% ,,cab9et ,,& ,,/&4 ,,c>v$ ,,*e/nut2 ,,fir/ ,,half ,,( ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury4 ,wid? ( cab9et1 #c ft4 #b 942 dep?1 #a ft4 #d 942 height1 #d ft4 #aj 94 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,! ,italian ,r5aissance laid a light h& ^u ! ,flemi% arti/s1 :o1 :ile unavoidably com+ "u its influ5ce1 at fir/ copi$ its ornat5ess b subsequ5tly proce$$ on _! own l9es4 ,mu* qua9t figure "w1 9 :i* !y greatly excell$1 0 us$ by ! ,flemi% wood-c>v]s 9 _! jo9]y4 ,x is grotesque 9 "*1 &1 l all _! "w1 boldly execut$4 ,! influx ( =eign influ5ces ^u ! ,ne!rl&s 0 9 ! ma9 z successfully resi/$ z is ! encroa*m5t ( ! sea across _! l&-lock$ dykes4 ,! gr[? ( ! ,spani% p[] made ,*>les ,v4 ! mo/ p[]ful pr9ce 9 ,europe4 ,f]d9& ( ,spa9 held ! :ole ,spani% p59sula except ,portugal1 ) ,s>d9ia & ! isl& ( ,sicily1 & he won ! k+dom ( ,naples4 ,8 daught] ,joanna m>ri$ ,philip1 ! son ( ,maximilian ( ,au/ria1 & ( ,m>y ! daught] ( ,*>les ! ,bold4 ,_! son ,*>les ?us inh]it$ k+doms & du*ies f ea* ( 8 p>5ts & gr&p>5ts1 & besides ! dom9ions ( ,f]d9& & ,isabella1 he held ,burgundy & ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,9 #aeai he 0 *os5 ,emp]or z ,*>les ,v4 ,flood$ ) ,italian arti/s & ,au/rian & ,spani% rul]s1 x is int]e/+ to note h[ ! national _s 9 art 0 kept alive1 & 0 ( su* /rong gr[? t x influ5c$ 9 m>k$ mann] ! ,engli% furniture ( ! late sixte5? & e>ly sev5te5? c5tury1 z w be %[n 9 a subsequ5t *apt]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,spani% ,,*e/2 ,,c>v$ ,,walnut4 ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury4 7,9 ! ,national ,museum1 ,madrid47 ,,rec5t ,,sale ,,prices4#a ,l s4 d4 ,*e/1 ,go?ic1 c>v$ ) p>*em9 panels1 ) a wr\ght-iron lock1 f ,nuremburg ,ca/le1 ,g]man1 ab\t #aejj4 ,*ri/ie1 ,janu>y #bi1 #aijd #ca #aj #j ,cab9et1 walnut wood1 ( ar*itectural design1 ) fold+ doors above & bel[ & small draw]s1 c>v$ ) arabesque foliage & scrolls 9 relief1 & ) columns at ! angles1 #fi 94 high1 #ch 94 wide1 ,fr5*1 middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,*ri/ie1 ,april #ab1 #aijd #ba #j #j ,c(f]1 oak1 ! front divid$ by six buttresses1 ! /eel lock pi]c$ ) trac]y1 #fe 94 long1 #df 94 high1 ,fr5*1 late fifte5? c5tury4 ,*ri/ie1 ,may #f1 #aijd #abf #j #j ,c(f]1 l>ge walnut wood1 ! :ole ( ! front & sides c>v$ 9 l[ relief1 ! lock is rectangul>1 & pi]c$ ) flamboyant trac]y1 ,fr5* 7prov9cial71 e>ly "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 #hd 94 wide1 #cf 94 high4 ,*ri/ie1 ,may #f1 #aijd #ej #h #j ,c(f]1 walnut wood1 ! front & sides divid$ into ar*-%ap$ panels conta9+ ,go?ic trac]y1 #hf 94 wide1 #cb 94 high1 ,fr5*1 fifte5? c5tury4 ,*ri/ie1 ,may #f1 #aijd #eb #aj #j ,*air1 walnut wood1 ) semicircul> seat1 ! back compos$ ( six upright rectangul> panels1 ea* conta9+ v>i\s =ms ( ,go?ic trac]y2 bel[ is a longitud9al panel ( trac]y1 #bg 94 wide1 #bi 94 high1 ,fr5* or ,flemi%1 fifte5? c5tury4 ,*ri/ie1 ,may #f1 #aijd #ia #g #j ,cr$5ce1 oak1 ) fold+ doors & draw]s above & %elf b5ea?1 ! corn]s are return$1 ! v>i\s door panels1 c41 c>v$ 9 l[ relief2 at ! back bel[ is l95 fold panell+1 #ed 94 wide1 #fb 94 high1 probably ,fr5*1 e>ly sixte5? c5tury4 ,*ri/ie1 ,may #f1 #aijd #ccf #j #j ,cab9et1 walnut-wood1 9 two p>ts1 ( rectangul> =m1 ) fold+ doors above & bel[1 & two draw]s 9 ! c5tre1 c>v$ ) grotesque t]m9al figure & gadroon$ m\ld+s1 /rapwork & duplicat$ rosettes1 ,fr5* "w1 e>ly sev5te5? c5tury1 #gh 94 high1 #dh 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,may #f1 #aijd #aaj #e #j ,cab9et1 walnut-wood1 9 two p>ts1 ( rectangul> =m1 ) fold+ doors bel[ & door above2 at ! sides are t]m9al male & female figures1 ! c5tres ( ! doors c>v$1 #ib 94 high1 #di 94 wide1 ,fr5* "w 7,lyons ,s*ool71 second qu>t] ( sixte5? c5tury4 ,*ri/ie1 ,may #f1 #aijd #ii #ae #j #a ,by ! k9dness ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur ^! items are giv5 f _! useful mon?ly publication1 ,auction ,sale ,prices4 ,,ii ,,! ,,engli% ,,r5aissance ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,hampton ,sons4 ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,*e/4 ,,engli%2 ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury4 ,panels f9ely c>v$ ) ,go?ic trac]y4 ,,ii ,,! ,,engli% ,,r5aissance ,h5ry ,,viii4 #aeji-aedg4 ,edw>d ,,vi4 #aedg-aeec4 ,m>y #aeec-aeeh4 ,elizabe? #aeeh-afjc4 #aebe4 ,hampton ,c\rt built4 #aeff4 ,increas$ comm]cial prosp]ity4 ,f\ndation ( ,royal ,ex*ange by ,sir ,?omas ,gre%am4 #aehj4 ,drake comes home f ! ,new ,_w ) plund] wor? half a million4 #aehe4 ,antw]p captur$ by ! ,duke ( ,p>ma2 flight ( m]*ants to ,london4 ,transf] ( comm]cial supremacy f ,antw]p to ,london4 ,beg9n+ ( c>ry+ trade1 especially ) ,fl&]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b5* ,,( ,,oak4 ,,fr5*2 ,,ab\t #aejj4 ,) panels ( l95 ornam5t4 ,seat arrang$ z a c(f]4 7,=m]ly 9 ! collection ( ,m4 ,emile ,peyre47 7,royal ,scotti% ,museum1 ,ed9burgh47 ,! op5+ ye>s ( ! sixte5? c5tury saw ! beg9n+s ( ! ,r5aissance movem5t 9 ,engl&4 ,! oak *e/ _h become a settle ) high back & arms4 ,! f9e example ( an e>ly sixte5?-c5tury oak *e/ illu/rat$ 7p4 #ei7 %[s h[ ! ,go?ic /yle _h impress$ itself on articles ( dome/ic furniture4 ,! cr$5ce1 or ta/+ buffet1 _h develop$ into ! ,tudor sidebo>d1 :]e a clo? 0 spread & c&les plac$4 ,) m peaceful times a gr[? ( dome/ic ref9em5t requir$ com=table & ev5 luxuri\s surr\nd+s4 ,! royal palaces at ,ri*mond & ,w9dsor 7 fill$ ) co/ly =eign furniture4 ,! mansions :i* 7 tak+ ! place ( ! old feudal ca/les f\nd employm5t = =eign arti/s & craftsm5 :o taught ! ,engli% woodc>v]4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 ! classical /yle supplant$ ! ,go?ic1 or 0 9 great measure m+l$ ) x4 ,_m f9e /ructures exi/ :i* belong to ?is transition p]iod1 dur+ :i* ! mix$ /yle 0 pr$om9ant4 ,! woodwork ( ,k+'s ,college ,*apel at ,cambridge is held to be an especially notable example4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portion ,,( ,,c>v$ ,,walnut ,,virg9al4 ,,flemi%2 ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury4 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fr5* ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,c(f]4 ,%[+ int]lac$ ribbon "w4 ,,second ,,half ,,( ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury4 7,height1 #b ft4 #a 942 wid?1 #c ft4 #a 947 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,! ,great ,hall at ,hampton ,c\rt dates f #aeca1 or five ye>s aft] ,c>d9al ,wolsey _h giv5 up 8 palace to ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,its gr& proportions1 its high-pit*$ ro( & p5dants1 display ! art ( ! woodc>v] 9 great excell5ce4 ,?is hall1 l o!rs ( ! same p]iod1 _h an op5 he>? 9 ! c5tre1 on :i* logs ( wood 7 plac$1 & ! smoke f\nd its way out ?r\gh a cupola1 or l\vre1 9 ! ro(4 ,! ro(s ( ! ,e>ly ,tudor mansions 7 magnific5t specim5s ( woodwork4 ,b ! old /yle ( k+-po/1 que5-po/1 or hamm]-beam ro( 0 preval5t4 ,! panell+1 too1 ( halls & rooms reta9$ ! =mal "* 9 its m\ld+s1 & v>i\s l95 patt]ns 7 us$1 s call$ f _! resemblance to a fold$ napk91 an ornam5tation l>gely us$ t[>ds ! end ( ! ,p]p5dicul> /yle1 :i* 0 *>act]i/ic ( ,engli% dome/ic ar*itecture 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,to ?is p]iod belongs ! sup]b woodc>v+ ( ! r5[n$ *oir /alls ( ,h5ry ,,vii4's ,*apel 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,! b5* ( oak illu/rat$ 7p4 #fj7 %[s a common =m ( panel ) l95 ornam5t1 & is ,fr5*1 ( ab\t ! ye> #aejj4 ,! seat1 z w be se51 is arrang$ z a lock$ c(f]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fireplace ,,& ,,oak ,,panell+ ,,f ,,! ,,old ,,palace ,,at ,,bromley-,,by-,,b[4 ,,built ,,9 #afjf4 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,! ,elizabe?an woodc>v] revell$ 9 grotesque figure "w1 9 intricate int]lac+s ( /rapwork1 borr[$ f ! ,flemi%1 & ribbon ornam5tation1 adapt$ f ! ,fr5*4 ,he delight$ 9 massive embelli%m5t ( magnific5t proportions4 ,among ,tudor woodwork ! c>v$ oak scre5 ( ! ,middle ,temple ,hall is a notewor?y example ( ! sumptu\sness & spl5d\r ( int]ior decoration ( ! ,engli% ,r5aissance4 ,^! scre5s support+ ! m9/rels' gall]y 9 old halls are usually exceptionally ri* 9 detail4 ,gray's ,inn 7dat$ #aefj7 & ! ,*>t]h\se 7dat$ #aega7 are o!r examples ( ! be/ p]iod ( sixte5?-c5tury woodwork 9 ,engl&4 ,*ri/ ,*ur* at ,ox=d1 ,grim/horp 9 ,l9coln%ire1 ,k5n+hall 9 ,norfolk1 ,lay] ,m>ney ,t[]s 9 ,essex1 & ,sutton ,place at ,guild=d1 are all repres5tative /ructures typical ( ! halls & manor h\ses be+ built at ! "t ( ! ,engli% ,r5aissance4 ,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum has be5 re-erect$ a room hav+ ! oak panell+ f ! ,old ,palace at ,bromley-by-,b[1 :i* 0 built 9 #afjf4 ,! massive fireplace ) ! royal coat ( arms above1 ) ! ni*es 9 :i* /& c>v$ figures ( two sa9ts1 toge!r ) ! contempor>y iron fire-dogs /&+ 9 ! he>?1 give a picture ( :at an old ,elizabe?an hall 0 l4 ,illu/ration3 ,,elizabe?an ,,b$/ead4 ,,dat$ #aeic4 ,c>v$ oak1 ornam5t$ 9 m>quetry4 7,height1 #g ft4 #d 942 l5g?1 #g ft4 #aa 942 wid?1 #e ft4 #h 947 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,"u ,que5 ,elizabe? new impulses /irr$ ! nation1 & a sumptu\s ,c\rt set ! fa%ion 9 great] luxury ( liv+4 ,gloriana1 ) h] m]*ant-pr9ces1 h] fleet ( adv5tur]s on ! high seas1 & ! pomp & circum/ance ( h] troop ( =eign lov]s1 br\ght =eign fa%ions & =eign art into common] usage4 ,! gr[? ( luxuri\s habits 9 ! p 0 ey$ askance by h] /atesm52 ,engl& sp5de? m 9 w9es 9 "o ye>1 compla9$ ,cecil1 ?an x did 9 anci5t times 9 f\r ye>s4 ,! *imney-corn] took ! place ( ! op5 he>?2 *imneys 7 = ! fir/ "t famili> features 9 middle-class h\ses4 ,! insanit>y ru%-floor 0 sup]s$$ by wood1 & c>pets came into g5]al use4 ,ev5 pill[s1 deem$ by ! h>dy yeomanry z only fit = wom5 9 *ild-b$1 f\nd a place 9 ! massive & elaborately c>v$ ,elizabe?an b$/ead4 ,! illu/ration ( ! f9e ,elizabe?an b$/ead 7on p4 #ff7 gives a v good idea ( :at ! dome/ic furniture 0 l 9 ! days imm$iately succe$+ ! ,spani% ,armada4 ,x is c>v$ 9 oak2 ) columns1 te/]1 & headbo>d %[+ ! classic influ5ce4 ,x is ornam5t$ 9 m>quetry1 & be>s ! date #aeic4 ,all ov] ,engl& 7 spr++ up t[n halls & f9e h\ses ( ! trad+-classes1 & manor h\ses & palaces ( ! nobility wor?y ( ! p ab\t to e/abli% a =midable position 9 ,european politics4 ,hatfield ,h\se1 ,h>dwick ,hall1 ,audley ,end1 ,burleigh1 ,knole1 & ,longleat1 all te/ify to ! ,r5aissance :i* swept ov] ,engl& at ?is "t4 ,/ately t]races ) ,italian g>d5s1 long gall]ies hung ) tape/ries1 & l9$ ) c>v$ oak *airs & elaborate cab9ets 7 m>k$ features 9 ! days ( ! new spl5d\r4 ,m5's m9ds1 l$ by ,raleigh1 ! ,pr9ce ( ,company ,promot]s1 & fir$ by ,drake's buccane]+ exploits1 turn$ to ! ,new ,_w1 hi!rto "u ! heel ( ,spa94 ,dreams ( galleons lad5 ) gold & jewels /imulat$ ! ambition ( adv5tur\s gallants1 & quick5$ ! nation's pulse4 ,! love ( travel became a portion ( ! ,engli%man's h]itage4 ,! ,italian _s _h rea*$ ,engl& 9 full =ce4 ,! poetry & romances ( ,italy affect$ all ! ,elizabe?an m5 ( lett]s4 ,%akespe>e1 9 8 ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice & 8 o!r plays1 pla9ly %[s ! ,italian influ5ce4 ,9 co/ume1 9 spee*1 & 9 furniture1 x became ! fa%ion to foll[ ,italy4 ,to ,as*am x seem$ l ! en*antm5t ( ,circe br\ght out ( ,italy to m> m5's mann]s 9 ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,panel ,,( ,,c>v$ ,,oak4 ,,engli%2 ,,e>ly ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury4 ,%[+ int]lac$ /rapwork4 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,! result ( ?is wave ( fa%ion on ! dome/ic furniture ( ,engl& 0 to imp>t to x ! elegance ( ,italian art comb9$ ) a national /urd9ess ( "* seem+ly insep>able f ,engli% art at all p]iods4 ,z ! reign ( ,que5 ,elizabe? ext5d$ f ! ye> #aeeh to ! ye> #afjc1 x is usual to speak ( ar*itecture & furniture ( ! latt] half ( ! sixte5? c5tury z ,elizabe?an4 ,a fav\rite design 9 ,elizabe?an woodwork is ! int]lac$ /rapwork 7see illu/ration p4 #fh71 :i* 0 d]iv$ f simil> designs employ$ by ! contempor>y /onec>v]1 & is f\nd on ,flemi% woodwork ( ! same p]iod4 ,! panel ( a sixte5?-c5tury ,flemi% virg9al1 c>v$ 9 walnut1 illu/rat$1 %[s ?is =m ( decoration4 ,grotesque t]m9al figures1 half-human1 half-mon/]1 support$ ! front ( ! buffets1 or 7 ! support+ t]m9als ( cornices4 ,?is feature is an adaptation f ! ,c>yatides1 ! support+ figures us$ in/ead ( columns 9 ar*itecture1 :i* 9 ,r5aissance days ext5d$ to woodwork4 ,table-legs & b$-po/s swell$ into heavy1 acorn-%ap$ supports ( massive dim5sions4 ,cab9ets 7 sometimes inlaid1 z 0 also ! room panell+1 b x _c be said t at ?is p]iod ! art ( m>quetry _h arriv$ at a great /ate ( p]fection 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x is noticeable t 9 ! r>e pieces t are inlaid 9 ! ,late ,tudor & ,e>ly ,jacobean p]iod ! inlay itself is a sixte5? ( an in* ?ick1 :]eas 9 lat] inlays ( m mod]n days ! inlay is ?9n] & flimsi]4 ,9 ! ,flemi% examples ivory 0 (t5 us$1 & holly & sycamore & box seem to h be5 ! fav\rite woods select$ = inlay4 ,take1 = example1 ! mirror ) ! frame ( c>v$ oak1 ) scroll outl9e & n>r[ b&s inlaid ) small squ>es ( wood1 alt]nately light & d>k4 ,?is inlay is v co>sely done1 & unwor?y to comp>e ) ,italian m>quetry ( contempor>y date1 or ( an e>li] p]iod4 ,! uprights & feet ( ! frame1 x w be notic$1 are balu/]-%ap$4 ,! glass mirror is ( n9ete5?-c5tury manufacture4 ,! date c>v$ ^u ! frame is #afjc1 ! fir/ ye> ( ! reign ( ,james ,i41 & x is /at$ to h come f ,d]by ,old ,hall4 ,! ,c\rt cupbo>d1 also ( ! same date1 beg9s to %[ ! com+ /yle ( ,jacobean ornam5tation 9 ! turn+ 9 ! upright pill>s & supports & ! squ>e balu/] t]m9ation4 ,! massive c>v+ & elaborate ri*ness ( ! e>ly ,elizabe?an p]iod h giv5 place to a m re/ra9$ decoration4 ,betwe5 ! draw]s is ! design ( a tulip 9 m>quetry1 & n>r[ b&s ( inlay are us$ to decorate ! piece4 ,9 place ( ! *im]ical mon/]s we h a portrait 9 wood ( a lady1 = :i* ,arabella ,/u>t might h sat z model4 ,! days 7 approa*+ :5 furniture 0 design$ = use1 & ornam5t 0 put aside if x int]f]$ ) ! /ructural utility ( ! piece4 ,! wr\ght-iron h&le to ! draw] %\ld be not$1 & 9 connection ) ! obs]vation br\ght to be> by ! beg9n] on g5u9e specim5s 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum & o!r collections1 x is well n to let any detail escape m9ute att5tion4 ,h+es & lock escut*eons & h&les to draw]s mu/ n be neglect$ 9 ord] to acquire a s\nd work+ k ( ! peculi>ities ( ! diff]5t p]iods4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mirror4 ,glass 9 oak frame ) c>v$ scroll outl9e & n>r[ b&s inlaid ) small squ>es ( wood4 ,! glass n9ete5? c5tury4 ,,engli%4 ,,dat$ #afjc4 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,c\rt ,,cupbo>d1 ,,c>v$ ,,oak4 ,,engli%4 ,,dat$ #afjc4 ,decorat$ ) n>r[ b&s inlaid1 & hav+ inlaid tulip betwe5 draw]s4 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,9 contra/ ) ?is specim51 ! elaborately c>v$ ,c\rt cupbo>d ( a slightly e>li] p]iod %\ld be exam9$4 ,x be>s c>v+ on e available surface4 ,x has be5 re/or$1 & re/or$ pieces h an unpleasant fa%ion ( sugge/+ t sundry improvem5ts h be5 c>ri$ out 9 ! process4 ,at any rate1 z x /&s x is ov]-lab\r$1 & entirely lack+ 9 retic5ce4 ,! elaboration ( enri*m5t1 :ile execut$ 9 a p]fectly h>moni\s mann]1 %\ld convey a lesson to ! /ud5t ( furniture4 ,!re is an abs5ce ( contra/2 _h portions ( x be5 left unc>v$ h[ mu* m effective w\ld h be5 ! result6 ,z x is x /&s1 wond]ful z is ! te*nique1 some:at ( a w>n+ to ! design] to cultivate a /udi$ simplicity r ?an to run riot 9 a pr(usion ( detail4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c\rt ,,cupbo>d1 ,,c>v$ ,,oak4 ,,ab\t #aehj4 7,,re/or$47 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,ano!r int]e/+ ,c\rt cupbo>d1 ( ! e>ly sev5te5? c5tury1 %[s ! m re/ra9$ /yle t 0 rapidly succe$+ ! e>li] "w4 ,?is piece is ess5tially ,engli% 9 _s1 & is unt\*$ save ! legs1 :i* h be5 re/or$4 ,illu/ration3 ,by k9d p]mission ( ,t4 ,e4 ,price ,/ret*e1 ,esq4 ,,c\rt ,,cupbo>d1 ,,e>ly ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury4 ,) secret hid+-place at top4 ,! table :i* is illu/rat$ 7p4 #gh7 is a typical example ( ! table 9 ord9>y use 9 ,elizabe?an days4 ,?is table replac$ a /one alt> 9 a *ur* 9 ,%rop%ire at ! "t ( ! ,re=mation4 ,x 0 late 9 ! reign ( ,que5 ,elizabe? t uphol/]$ *airs became m g5]al4 ,sir ,john ,h>r+ton1 writ+ 9 #aeig1 gives evid5ce ( ?is 9 ! ass]tion t ! fa%ion ( cu%ion$ *ayrs is tak5 up 9 e m]*ant's h\se4 ,wood5 seats _h hi!rto n be5 ?\ght too h>d1 & *airs import$ f ,spa9 _h lea!r seats & backs ( f9e tool$ "w ri*ly gild$ & decorat$4 ,9 ! latt] days ( ,elizabe? loose cu%ions 7 us$ = *airs & = w9d[ seats1 & 7 elaborately wr\ght 9 velvet1 or 7 ( sat9 embroid]$ 9 col\rs1 ) pe>ls z ornam5tation1 & edg$ ) gold or silv] lace4 ,! uphol/]$ *air belongs m prop]ly to ! ,jacobean p]iod1 & 9 ! next *apt] w be %[n sev]al specim5s ( ^? us$ by ,james ,i4 ,9 ,elizabe?an panell+ to rooms1 9 *imneypieces1 doorways1 scre5s su* z ^? built across ! end ( a hall & support+ ! m9/rels' gall]y1 ! wood us$ 0 ne>ly always ,engli% oak1 & mo/ ( ! ?9n] p>ts1 su* z t design$ = panels & small] surfaces1 0 obta9$ by splitt+ ! timb]1 ?us exhibit+ ! beautiful figure ( ! wood s noticeable 9 old examples4 ,,rec5t ,,sale ,,prices4#a ,l s4 d4 ,*e/1 oak1 ) inlaid panels "u ar*es1 ) c>yatid figures c>v$ 9 box-wood1 ,engli%1 temp4 ,elizabe?4 ,*ri/ie1 ,janu>y #bi1 #aijd4 #dj #i #j ,tudor mantelpiece1 ) elaborately c>v$ jambs1 panels1 brackets1 sides1 & cornice1 #f ft4 by #g ft4 #c 94 high4 ,h]b]t ,wright1 ,ipswi*1 ,febru>y #ai1 #aijd #aee #j #j ,old oak panell+1 9 all ab\t #fj ft4 run & #f ft4 #f 94 high1 ) #ag c>v$ panels & #c flut$ pila/]s fitt$ 9 same1 "p be+ surm\nt$ by a cornice4 ,h]b]t ,wright1 ,ipswi*1 ,febru>y #ai1 #aijd ,cr$5ce1 walnut-wood1 ) a cupbo>d & draw] above & %elf b5ea?1 ! corn]s are return$1 ! c5tral panel has c>v$ ^u x1 9 l[ relief1 circul> m$allions1 pi]c$ /eel h+es & lock1 #cf 94 wide1 #ej 94 high1 e>ly sixte5? c5tury4 ,*ri/ie1 ,may #f1 #aijd #cdf #j #j ,b$/ead1 ,elizabe?an1 ) panell$ & c>v$ canopy top1 support$ by flut$ & c>v$ pill>s1 inlaid & panell$ back1 ) rais$ figures & fl[]s 9 relief1 also hav+ a c>v$ panell$ footbo>d4 ,c4 ,w4 ,provis ,son1 ,man*e/]1 ,may #i1 #aijd #bb #aj #j ,b$/ead1 oak ,elizabe?an1 ) c>v$ back1 dat$ #aefj1 & small cupbo>d fitt$ ) secret slid+ panel1 & fur!r hav+ c>v$ & inlaid panell$ top ) inlaid panels1 ! :ole surm\nt$ ) heavy cornice4 ,c4 ,w4 ,provis ,son1 ,man*e/]1 ,may #i1 #aijd #cc #j #j ,sidebo>d1 ,elizabe?an old oak1 #f ft4 #b 94 wide by #g ft4 #f 94 high1 ) c>v$ canopy top2 also fitt$ ) gall]y %elf1 support$ by lions rampant4 ,c4 ,w4 ,provis ,son1 ,man*e/]4 ,may #i1 #aijd #fj #j #j #a ,by ! k9dness ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur ^! items are giv5 f _! useful mon?ly publication1 ,auction ,sale ,prices4 ,illu/ration3 ,by k9dness ( ,t4 ,e4 ,price ,/ret*e1 ,esq4 ,,elizabe?an ,,oak ,,table4 ,,iii ,,/u>t ,,or ,,jacobean4 ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,w>+4 ,,gate-,,leg ,,table4 ,,iii ,,/u>t ,,or ,,jacobean4 ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury ,james ,i4 #afjc-afbe4 ,*>les ,i4 #afbe-afdi4 ,! ,commonweal? #afdi-affj4 #afai4 ,tape/ry factory e/abli%$ at ,mortlake1 "u ,sir ,francis ,crane4 ---- ,banquet+ ,hall add$ to ,:itehall by ,inigo ,jones4 #afcb4 ,v&yck settl$ 9 ,london on invitation ( ,*>les ,i4 #afea4 ,navigation ,act pass$2 aim$ bl[ 7#aegb-afeb7 at ,dut* c>ry+ trade4 ,all goods to be import$ 9 ,engli% %ips or 9 %ips ( c\ntry produc+ goods4 ,) ! adv5t ( ! ,h\se ( ,/u>t ! ,engl& "u ,james ,i4 saw new fa%ions introduc$ 9 furniture4 ,x has already be5 m5tion$ t ! great] numb] ( old h\ses :i* are n[ t]m$ ,tudor or ,elizabe?an 7 erect$ 9 ! days ( ,james ,i4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( a new mon>*y fa%ion 9 art r>ely *anges sudd5ly1 s t ! e>ly pieces ( ,jacobean furniture diff] v little f ,elizabe?an 9 "*4 ,consequ5tly ! ,c\rt cupbo>d1 dat$ #afjc1 & mirror ( ! same ye> 7illu/rat$ on p4 #gj71 ?\gh be>+ ! date ( ! fir/ ye> ( ! reign ( ,james1 m prop]ly belong to ,tudor days4 ,9 ! ,bodleian ,libr>y at ,ox=d !re is pres]v$ a *air ( f9e workman%ip & ( hi/oric memory4 ,x 0 made f ! oak timb]s ( ! ,gold5 ,h9d1 ! %ip 9 :i* ,sir ,francis ,drake made 8 adv5tur\s voyage ( discov]y r\nd ! _w4 ,9 spite ( _m secret enemies deam+ him ! ma/] ?iefe ( ! unkn[ne _w1 ,que5 ,elizabe? came to ,dept=d & came abo>d ! ,gold5 ,h9d & !re %e did make ,capta9 ,drake knight1 9 ! same %ip1 = rew>d ( 8 s]vices2 8 armes 7 giv5 him1 a %ip on ! _w1 :i* %ip1 by ,h] ,maje/ie's comm&m5t1 is lodg$ 9 a dock at ,dept=d1 = a monum5t to all po/]ity4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur4 ,,oak ,,*air ,,made ,,f ,,! ,,timb] ,,( ,,! ,,gold5 ,,h9d4 ,,commonly ,,call$ ,,sir ,,francis ,,drake',s ,,*air4 7,at ! ,bodleian ,libr>y47 ,x rema9$ = _m ye>s at ,dept=d docky>d1 & became ! resort ( holiday folk1 :o made m]ry 9 ! cab91 :i* 0 conv]t$ into a m9iature banquet+ hall2 b :5 x 0 too f> decay$ to be repair$ x 0 brok5 up1 & a suffici5t quantity ( s\nd wood 0 select$ f x & made into a *air1 :i* 0 pres5t$ to ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d4 ,?is 0 9 ! "t ( ,*>les ,,ii41 & ! poet ,c[ley has writt5 "s l9es on x1 9 :i* he says t ,drake & 8 ,gold5 ,h9d c\ld n h wi%$ a m bless$ fate1 s9ce to ?is ,py?agorean %ip 444 a seat ( endless re/ is giv5 ,to h] 9 ,ox=d1 & to him 9 heav5-- :i*1 ?\gh q un9t5tional on ! "p ( ! poet1 is curi\sly satiric4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! ,ma/] ( ! ,*>t]h\se4 ,,oak ,,table1 ,,dat$ #afaf1 ,,be>+ ,,arms ,,( ,,?omas ,,sutton1 ,,f\nd] ,,( ,,! ,,*>t]h\se ,,hospital4 ,! piece is highly in/ructive z %[+ ! prevail+ design = a sumptu\s *air 9 ! late sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! middle ar* 9 ! back ( ! *air is disfigur$ by a tablet ) an inscription1 :i* has be5 plac$ !re4 ,( ! e>ly days ( ,james ,i4 is a f9ely c>v$ oak table1 dat$ #afaf4 ,?is table is heavily m\ld$ & c>v$ ) g>l&s betwe5 *]ubs' heads1 & %ields be>+ ! arms ( ,?omas ,sutton1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,*>t]h\se ,hospital4 ,! upp] "p ( ! table is support$ on ?irte5 columns1 ) quasi-,cor9?ian columns & enri*$ %afts1 /&+ on a m\ld$ ,h-%ap$ base4 ,x w be se5 t ! design]s _h n yet ?r[n (f ! trammels ( ar*itecture :i* dom9at$ mu* ( ! ,r5aissance woodwork4 ,! g>l&s are n ! g>l&s ( ,gr9l+ ,gibbons1 & al?\gh fall+ )9 ! ,jacobean p]iod1 x lacks ! *>m :i* belong to typical ,jacobean pieces4 ,at ,knole1 9 ! possession ( ,"l ,sackville1 !re are "s f9e specim5s ( e>ly ,jacobean furniture1 illu/rations ( :i* are includ$ 9 ?is volume4 ,! *air us$ by ,k+ ,james ,i4 :5 sitt+ to ! pa9t] ,myt5s is ( peculi> int]e/4 ,! cu%ion1 worn & ?readb>e ) age1 is 9 all probability ! same cu%ion us$ by ,james4 ,! upp] "p ( ! *air is trimm$ ) a b& ( gold ?read4 ,! uphol/]+ is r$ velvet1 & ! frame1 :i* is ( oak1 be>s traces ( gild+ ^u x1 & is /udd$ ) copp] nails4 ,! *air 9 design1 ) ! half circul> supports1 foll[s old ,v5etian patt]ns4 ,! small] *air is ( ! same date1 & equally int]e/+ z a f9e specim52 ! old embroid]y1 discol\r$ & worn ?\gh x be1 is ( /rik+ design & mu/ h be5 brilliant & di/9ctive ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,! date ( ^! pieces is ab\t #afbj1 ! ye> :5 ! ,pilgrim ,fa!rs l&$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur4 ,,*air ,,us$ ,,by ,,james ,i4 ,9 ! possession ( ,"l ,sackville4 ,f ! weal? ( ,jacobean furniture at ,knole x is difficult to make a repres5tative selection1 b ! /ool we reproduce 7p4 #ij7 is int]e/+1 inasmu* z x 0 a piece ( furniture 9 common use4 ,! *airs evid5tly 7 ,/ate *airs1 b ! foot/ool 0 us$ 9 all likelihood by ^? :o sat bel[ ! salt1 & 7 ( less significance4 ,! /uff$ settee :i* f9ds a place 9 ! billi>d-room at ,knole & ! sumptu\s s(a 9 ! ,long ,gall]y1 ) its me*anical arrangem5t = alt]+ ! angle at ! head1 are objects ( furniture difficult to equal4 ,! silk & gold ?read cov]+s are fad$1 & ! knott$ fr+e & gold braid h t>ni%$ "u ! h& ( ,"t1 b _! /ructural design is s effective t ! mod]n craftsman has made luxuri\s furniture aft] ^! models4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur4 ,,jacobean ,,*air ,,at ,,knole4 ,9 ! possession ( ,"l ,sackville4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur4 ,,jacobean ,,/ool ,,at ,,knole4 ,9 ! possession ( ,"l ,sackville4 ,illu/ration3 ,,upp] ,,half ,,( ,,c>v$ ,,walnut ,,door4 ,%[+ ribbon "w4 ,,fr5*2 ,,latt] ,,"p ,,( ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury4 7,height ( door1 #d ft4 #g 942 wid?1 #a ft4 #aa 947 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,c>v$ oak *e/s 7 n l>gely made 9 ,jacobean days--n1 at any rate1 = ! same purpose z !y 7 9 ,tudor or e>li] times4 ,z *ur* c(f]s !y d\btless cont9u$ to be requir$1 b = articles ( dome/ic furniture o!r ?an z l95 *e/s _! multif>i\s uses _h vani%$4 ,e>ly ,jacobean c(f]s cle>ly %[ ! dep>ture f ,elizabe?an models4 ,!y become m di/9ctly ,engli% 9 feel+1 ?\gh ! int]lac$ ribbon decoration1 s frequ5tly us$1 is an adaptation f ,fr5* "w1 :i* patt]n 0 n[ becom+ acclimatis$4 ,! ,fr5* c>v$ oak c(f] ( ! second half ( ! sixte5? c5tury 7illu/rat$ p4 #fa7 %[s f :at s\rce "s ( ! ,engli% designs 7 d]iv$4 ,9 ! portion ( ! ,fr5* door :i* we give z an illu/ration 7on p4 #ia71 x w be se5 ) :at grace & arti/ic excell5ce ( design & ) :at re/ra9t ! ,fr5* woodc>v]s utilis$ ! runn+ ribbon4 ,! ribbon patt]n has be5 v>i\sly us$ by design]s ( furniture2 x appe>s 9 ,*ipp5dale's *air-backs1 :]e x almo/ exce$s ! limitations ( ! te*nique ( woodc>v+4 ,art 9 ! e>ly days ( ,*>les ,i4 0 undimm$4 ,! tape/ry factory at ,mortlake1 e/abli%$ by ,james ,i41 0 fur!r enc\rag$ by ! ,:ite ,k+4 ,he took a great & a p]sonal int]e/ 9 all matt]s relat+ to art4 ,"u 8 auspices ! c>toons ( ,raphael 7 br\ght to ,engl& to fo/] ! manufacture ( tape/ry4 ,he gave 8 patronage to =eign arti/s & to =eign craftsm51 & 9 e way attempt$ to br+ ,engli% art work]s into l9e ) _! contempor>ies on ! ,cont95t4 ,v&yck came ov] to become ,pr9cipal pa9t] ( ,_! ,maje/ies at ,/4 ,james's1 keep+ op5 table at ,blackfri>s & liv+ 9 almo/ regal /yle4 ,8 grace & di/9ction & ! happy circum/ance ( 8 p>ticul> /yle be+ co9cid5t ) ! mo/ picturesque p]iod 9 ,engli% co/ume1 h won him a place among ! _w's great pa9t]s4 ,f9e portraits1 at ,w9dsor & at ,madrid1 at ,dresd5 & at ! ,pitti ,palace1 at ! ,l\vre & 9 ! ,h]mitage at ,pet]sburg1 te/ify to ! ,european fame ( ! pa9t]'s brilliant gall]y repres5t+ ! f9e/ fl[] ( ! ,engli% ari/ocracy1 prelates1 /atesm51 c\rti]s & beautiful wom5 t 7 ga!r$ toge!r at ! ,c\rt ( ,*>les ,i4 & 8 ,que5 ,h5rietta ,m>ia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,oak ,,*air4 ,,*>les ,i4 ,,p]iod4 ,) arms ( ,?omas ,w5twor?1 fir/ ,e>l ( ,/raf=d 7#aeic-afda74 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,9 ,e>ly ,/u>t days ! influ5ce ( ,inigo ,jones1 ! ,surveyor ( ,works to ,*>les ,i41 made itself felt 9 woodwork & int]ior decorations4 ,he 0 possess$ ) a great love & rev]5ce = ! classicism ( ,italy1 & introduc$ into 8 banquet+ hall at ,:itehall 7n[ ! ,unit$ ,s]vice ,museum71 & ,/4 ,paul's1 ,cov5t ,g>d51 a *a/] /yle1 :i* 0 tak5 up by ! design]s ( furniture1 :o began to ab&on ! misguid$ use ( ornam5t ( lat] ,elizabe?an days4 ,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum is an oak *air ) ! arms ( ,?omas ,w5twor?1 fir/ ,e>l ( ,/raf=d1 :i*1 9 addition to its hi/oric int]e/1 is a f9e example ( ! *air ( ! p]iod ( ,*>les ,i4 7illu/rat$ p4 #ic74 ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,*air1 ,,ab\t #afbj4 ,!nce introduc$ into ,engl&4 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,x is c]ta9 t ! be/ specim5s ( ,jacobean furniture ( ?is p]iod1 ) _! ref9$ l9es & well-balanc$ proportions1 are sugge/ive ( ! /ately diction ( ,cl>5don or ! well-turn$ lyrics ( ,h]rick4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,hampton ,son ,,high-,,back ,,oak ,,*air4 ,,e>ly ,,jacobean4 ,elaborately c>v$ ) %ell & scroll foliage4 7,=m]ly 9 ! ,/u>t ,mac,donald family1 & orig9ally 9 ! possession ( ,k+ ,*>les ,i47 ,9 ! illu/ration ( a sixte5?-c5tury *air 9 common use 9 ,italy1 x w be se5 to :at s\rce ! ,jacobean woodwork]s look$ = inspiration4 ,! f9e1 high-back$ oak ,/u>t *air1 elaborately c>v$ ) bold %ell & scroll foliage1 hav+ c>v$ supports1 /uff$ uphol/]$ seats1 & loose cu%ion cov]$ 9 old ,spani% silk damask1 is a highly int]e/+ example4 ,x 0 long 9 ! possession ( ! ,/u>t ,mac,donald family1 & is believ$ to h belong$ to ,*>les ,i4 ,! gate-leg table1 sometimes spok5 ( z ,cromwellian1 belongs to ?is ,middle ,jacobean /yle4 ,x _c be said ) any degree ( accuracy t 9 ! ,commonweal? days a special /yle ( furniture 0 develop$4 ,f all evid5ce x w\ld seem t ! manufacture ( dome/ic furniture w5t on 9 mu* ! same mann] "u ,cromwell z "u ,*>les4 ,iconocla/s z 7 ! ,puritans1 x is d\btful :e!r !y ext5d$ _! "w ( de/ruction to articles 9 g5]al use4 ,! bigot _h no />* 9 8 l951 no gay furniture 9 8 h\se4 ,obvi\sly ! ,civil ,w> v l>gely int]f]$ ) ! enc\ragem5t & gr[? ( ! f9e arts1 b :5 furniture _h to be made !re is no d\bt ! ,r\ndhead cab9etmak] & ! ,anabapti/ c>p5t] produc$ z good jo9]y & turn+ z !y did be=e ,*>les made 8 hi/oric desc5t ^u ! ,h\se 9 8 attempt to arre/ ! five memb]s4 ,!re is a /yle ( *air1 probably import$ f ,holl&1 ) lea!r back & lea!r seat :i* is t]m$ ,cromwellian1 probably on acc\nt ( its sev]e l9es1 b !re is no direct evid5ce t ?is /yle 0 peculi>ly ( ,commonweal? usage4 ,! illu/ration 7p4 #ig7 gives ! type ( *air1 b ! cov]+ is mod]n4 ,t ,cromwell himself _h no dislike = ! f9e arts is prov$ by 8 c>e ( ! ,raphael c>toons1 & we are enabl$ to reproduce an illu/ration ( a f9e old ebony cab9et ) m\ld$ front1 fitt$ ) num]\s draw]s1 :i* 0 =m]ly ! prop]ty ( ,oliv] ,cromwell4 ,x 0 at ,oliv]s ,/anway1 once ! resid5ce ( ! ,eldr$ family4 ,! /& is c>v$ ) %ells & scrolls1 & ! scroll-%ap$ legs are enri*$ ) c>v$ female figures1 ! entire /& be+ gild$4 ,?is piece is mo/ probably ( ,italian workman%ip1 & 0 ( c\rse made long be=e ! ,protector's day1 %[+ m>k$ *>act]i/ics ( ,r5aissance /yle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jacobean ,,*air1 ,,cane ,,back ,,cromwellian ,,*air4 ,,arm*air4 ,,dat$ #afbc4 ,,arm*air4 ,,) ,,inlaid ,,back4 ,,jacobean ,,*airs4 7,by p]mission ( ,t4 ,e4 ,price ,/ret*e1 ,esq47 ,! c>v$ oak cradle 7p4 #ajg71 ) ! lett]s ,g4 ,b4 ,m4 ,b4 on "o side1 & ,octob]1 #ad dai1 on ! o!r1 & be>+ ! date #afda1 %[s ! type ( piece 9 common use4 ,x is int]e/+ to ! collector to make a note ( ! turn$ knob ( wood s (t5 f\nd on doors & z draw] h&les on unt\*$ old specim5s ( ?is p]iod1 b v frequ5tly remov$ by deal]s & replac$ by metal h&les ( v>y+ /yles1 all ( :i* may be procur$ by ! doz5 9 ,tott5ham ,c\rt ,road1 co>se replicas ( old designs4 ,ano!r po9t wor?y ( att5tion is ! wood5 peg 9 ! jo9]y1 secur+ ! t5on into ! mortice1 :i* is visible 9 old pieces4 ,x w be notic$ 9 sev]al places 9 ?is cradle4 ,9 mod]n imitations1 unless v ?\ghtfully reproduc$1 ^! oak5 pegs are n visible4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,hampton ,sons4 ,,ebony ,,cab9et4 ,on /& gild$ & ri*ly c>v$4 ,,=m]ly ,,! ,,prop]ty ,,( ,,oliv] ,,cromwell4 7,f ,oliv]s ,/anway1 at "o "t ! seat ( ! ,eldr$ family47 ,9 ! page ( ,jacobean *airs %[+ ! v>i\s /yles1 ! m sev]e piece1 dat$ #afbc1 is ,e>ly ,jacobean1 & ! f9e unre/or$ arm*air ( slightly lat] date %[s 9 ! /ret*] ! we> giv5 by ! feet ( ! sitt]s4 ,x is an int]e/+ piece2 ! /iles 9 ! back are inlaid ) pe>wood & ebony4 ,! o!r arm*air ) its cane panels 9 back is ( lat] ,/u>t days4 ,x %[s ! transitional /age betwe5 ! scroll$-arm type ( *air1 :olly ( wood1 & ! m elaborate type 7illu/rat$ p4 #abc7 ( ! ,james ,,ii4 p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jacobean ,,c>v$ ,,oak ,,*airs4 ,york%ire1 ab\t #afdj4 ,d]by%ire2 e>ly sev5te5? c5tury4 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! ,rt4 ,hon4 ,sir ,sp5c] ,ponsonby-,fane1 ,g4,c4,b1 ,i4,s4,o4 ,,jacobean ,,oak ,,cupbo>d4 ,,ab\t #afbj4 ,9 addition to ! f9] pieces ( sev5te5?-c5tury furniture to be f\nd 9 ! seats ( ! nobility1 su* z at ,p5%ur/1 or 9 ! manor h\ses & homes ( ! squires & small] l&[n]s1 !re 0 mu* furniture ( a p>ticul>ly good design 9 use at f>m/eads f "o end ( ! c\ntry to ! o!r1 9 days :5 a prosp]\s class ( yeoman foll[$ ! ta/es ( _! ri*] neighb\rs4 ,?is f>mh\se furniture is n[adays mu* s\ght aft]4 ,x 0 ( local manufacture1 & is di/9ctly ,engli% 9 its "*4 ,oak dress]s ei!r pla9 or c>v$1 7 made n only 9 ,wales--,wel% ,dress]s hav+ become almo/ a trade t]m--b 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,engl&1 9 ,york%ire1 9 ,d]by%ire1 9 ,sussex1 & 9 ,suffolk4 ,!y are usually fitt$ ) two or ?ree op5 %elves1 & sometimes ) cupbo>ds on ea* side4 ,! bett] pres]v$ specim5s h /ill _! old drop-h&les & h+es ( brass4 ,x is n easy to procure f9e examples n[adays1 z x became fa%ionable two or ?ree ye>s ago to collect ^!1 & 9 addition to oak dress]s f ! f>mh\ses ( ,norm&y1 equally old & qua9t1 :i* 7 import$ to supply a popul> dem&1 a great numb] ( mod]n imitations 7 made up f old wood--*ur* pews l>gely =m+ ! framework ( ! dress]s1 :i* 7 n difficult to imitate successfully4 ,! p>ticul> =m ( *air kn[n z ! ,york%ire *air is ( ! same p]iod4 ,c]ta9 localities seem to h produc$ peculi> types ( *airs :i* local mak]s made 9 great numb]s4 ,x w be notic$ t ev5 9 ^! conditions1 ) a cont9u\s manufacture go+ on1 ! patt]ns 7 n exact duplicates ( ea* o!r1 z are ! ma*9e-made *airs turn$ out ( a mod]n factory1 :]e ! mak] has no opportunity to introduce any p]sonal t\*es1 b has to obey ! iron law ( 8 ma*9e4 ,z a pass+ h9t to collectors ( old oak furniture1 x may be obs]v$ t x v r>ely happ5s t two *airs c be f\nd toge!r ( ! same design4 ,!re may be a great simil>ity ( ornam5t & a p>ticul>ly /rik+ resemblance1 b ! *air ) its tw9 companion beside x sugge/s t "o1 if n bo?1 are spuri\s4 ,! same peculi>ity is exhibit$ 9 old brass c&le/icks1 & especially ! old ,dut* brass ) circul> plat=m 9 middle ( c&le/ick4 ,"o may h&le fifty )\t f9d+ two t are turn$ ) precisely ! same =m ( ornam5t4 ,! usual feature ( ! *air :i* is t]m$ ,york%ire is t x has an op5 back 9 ! =m ( an arcade1 or a back =m$ ) two cresc5t-%ap$ cross-rails1 ! decorations ( ! back usually be>+ acorn-%ap$ knobs ei!r at ! top ( ! rail or z p5dants4 ,?is type is n conf9$ to ,york%ire1 z !y h frequ5tly be5 f\nd 9 ,d]by%ire1 9 ,ox=d%ire1 & 9 ,worce/]%ire1 & a simil> v>iety may be f\nd 9 old f>mh\ses 9 ,ea/ ,anglia4 ,9 ! illu/ration ( ! two oak *airs 7p4 #aje71 ! "o ) arms is ( ! ,*>les ,i4 p]iod1 ! o!r is lat] & belongs to ! latt] half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! ,jacobean oak cupbo>d 7illu/rat$ p4 #aja7 is 9 date ab\t #afbj4 ,at ! side !re are p]=ations to admit air1 :i* %[s t x 0 us$ z a butt] cupbo>d4 ,! doors h an incis$ decoration ( conv5tional design4 ,! l[] "p is c>v$ 9 /yle unmi/akably ,jacobean 9 nature4 ,! patt]n on ! two uprights at ! top is repeat$ly f\nd 9 pieces evid5tly design$ locally = use 9 f>mh\ses4 ,x is n too mu* to hope t en\gh has be5 said conc]n+ ,jacobean furniture ( ! e>ly & middle sev5te5? c5tury to %[ t x possesses a peculi> *>m & simplicity 9 ! l9es ( its con/ruction1 :i* make x a v pleas+ /udy to ! e>ne/ collector :o wi%es to procure a few g5u9e specim5s ( old furniture1 :i*1 :ile be+ excell5t 9 arti/ic feel+1 are n unprocurable by reason ( _! r>ity & excessive co/4 ,x %\ld be )9 ! p[] ( ! c>eful collector1 aft] foll[+ ! h9ts 9 ?is volume1 & aft] exam9+ well-select$ examples 9 su* a collection z t at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 to obta91 )\t unreasonable exp5diture1 aft] pati5t se>*1 "o or two ,jacobean pieces ( und\bt$ au!nticity4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,f5ton ,sons4 ,,jacobean ,,oak ,,*airs4 ,arm*air1 "t ( ,*>les ,i4 ,york%ire *air4 ,late sev5te5? c5tury4 ,,rec5t ,,sale ,,prices4#a ,l s4 d4 ,cab9et1 ,jacobean oak1 ) two draw]s1 & fold+ doors bel[ enclos+ draw]s1 decorat$ ) rectangul> panels 9 relief1 inlaid 9 ebony & ivory1 & ) balu/] columns at ! side--#dh 94 high1 #df 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,novemb] #bg1 #aijc #dd #b #j ,cab9et1 ,jacobean black oak1 #e ft4 wide by #f ft4 #b 94 high1 fitt$ ) cupbo>ds above & bel[1 ) sunk panell$ fold+ doors1 c>v$ ) bu/s ( w>riors 9 high relief1 ! pila/]s c>v$ ) mask heads & c>yatid figures1 ! :ole c>v$ ) floral scrolls & o!r devices4 ,capes1 ,dunn ,pil*]1 ,man*e/]1 ,decemb] #i1 #aijc #eg #j #j ,*airs1 set ( ?ree ,jacobean oak1 ) canework seats1 & panels 9 ! backs1 ! bord]s c>v$ ) scrolls1 & on scroll legs ) /ret*]s4 ,*ri/ie1 ,janu>y #bi1 #aijd #eb #aj #j ,table1 ,cromwell1 oak1 on spiral legs4 ,d[ell1 ,ed9burgh1 ,m>* #ab1 #aijd #aa #j #f ,elb[-*air1 oak1 ,scot*1 back hav+ c>v$ :eel1 ,a4 ,r41 #affc4 ,d[ell1 ,ed9burgh1 ,m>* #ab1 #aijd #fj #ah #j ,cab9et1 ,jacobean oak1 ) draw] & fold+ doors bel[1 ) m\ld$ rectangul> panels & balu/]s 9 relief1 #ej 94 high1 #df 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,july #a1 #aijd #ce #ad #j #a ,by ! k9dness ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur ^! items are giv5 f _! useful mon?ly publication1 ,auction ,sale ,prices4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cradle1 ,,"t ,,( ,,*>les ,i4 ,,c>v$ ,,oak2 ,,) ,,lett]s ,g4 ,b4 ,m4 ,b4 ,,dat$ #afda4 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,,iv ,,/u>t ,,or ,,jacobean4 ,,late ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury ,illu/ration3 7,aft] picture by ,casp> ,nets*]7 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,dut* ,,h\se4 ,,latt] ,,half ,,( ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury4 ,,iv ,,/u>t ,,or ,,jacobean4 ,,late ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury ,*>les ,,ii4 #affj-afhe4 ,james ,,ii4 #afhe-afhh4 ,william & ,m>y4 #afhi-afid4 ,william #afid-agjb4 ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,wr5 7#afcb-agbc74 ,gr9l+ ,gibbons 7#afdh-agbf74 #affj4 ,bombay became a ,briti% possession4 ,importation ( ,indo-,portuguese furniture4 #afff4 ,great ,fire 9 ,london4 ,mu* valuable furniture de/roy$4 #afge-agaj4 ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral built "u ,wr5's direction4 #afhe4 ,edict ( ,nantes revok$4 ,spitalfields' silk indu/ry f\nd$ by ,fr5* refugees4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur4 ,,cab9et ,,( ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,*>les ,,ii4 ,) ext]ior f9ely decorat$ ) ne$lework4 ,aft] ! ,civil ,w>1 :5 ,*>les ,,ii4 came into 8 own aga91 ! furniture ( ! ,re/oration p]iod mo/ c]ta9ly took its col\r f ! gay ,c\rt ) :i* ! ,m]ry ,mon>* surr\nd$ himself4 ,! cab9et :i* we reproduce has ! royal arms embroid]$ on ! cov]1 & is a beautiful example ( intricate cab9etmak+4 ,! surface ( ! piece is entirely cov]$ ) ne$lework4 ,on ! front /& a cavali] & lady1 h&-9-h&4 ,on ! side panel a cavali] is lead+ a lady on horseback4 ,on ! back a man drives a lad5 camel1 & on ano!r panel is %[n ! travell] be+ receiv$ by an old man 9 ! gr\nds ( ! same ca/le :i* appe>s all ?r\gh ! sc5es4 ,?is sugge/s ! love-/ory ( "s cavali] & 8 lady4 ,! casket is wor?y to h held ! love-lett]s ( ! ,*evali] ,grammont to ,la ,belle ,hamilton4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur4 ,,cab9et ,,( ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,*>les ,,ii4 ,%[+ int]ior & ne/ ( draw]s4 ,z is usual 9 pieces ( ?is nature1 ! cab9et conta9s _m artfully devis$ hid+ places4 ,a t9y spr+ beh9d ! lock reveals "o secret draw]1 & ano!r is hidd5 b5ea? ! inkwell4 ,!re are 9 all five ( su* secret comp>tm5ts--or r five ( !m h be5 at pres5t discov]$--!re may be m4 ,! illu/ration ( ! cab9et op5 %[s :at a ne/ ( draw]s x holds4 ,9 ! days ( plots1 :5 ,titus ,oates set half ! nation by ! e>s1 :5 ,james solemnly w>n$ ! m]ry ,*>les ( plots aga9/ 8 life1 provok+ ! cynical retort1 ,!y w nev] kill me1 ,james1 to make y k+1 secret draw]s 7 no d\bt a necessity to a fa%ionable cab9et4 ,ca!r9e ( ,braganza1 8 que51 br\ght ) h] f ,portugal _m sumptu\s fa%ions 9 furniture1 notably cab9ets & *airs ( ,spani% & ,portuguese workman%ip4 ,! cavali]s scatt]$ by ! ,civil ,w> return$1 & z 9 _! en=c$ exile on ! ,cont95t !y _h cultivat$ =eign ta/es1 x 0 only natural t ,dut*1 ,fr5*1 & ,italian "w f\nd its way to ?is c\ntry & effect$ ! "* ( ! e>ly furniture ( ! ,*>les ,,ii4 p]iod4 ,f ,portugal came ! high-back$ *air1 hav+ ! back & ! seat ( lea!r cut ) f9e design1 & col\r$ or gild$4 ,?is lea!r "w is ( exquisite "*1 & we reproduce a portion ( a ,portuguese *air-back ( ?is p]iod to %[ ! arti/ic excell5ce ( ! design4 ,) ,ca!r9e ( ,braganza came ! m>riage d[] ( ,bombay1 & f ,india1 :]e ! settlem5t ( ,goa _h be5 ,portuguese = c5turies1 7 s5t to ,europe ! c>v$ *airs 9 ebony1 inlaid 9 ivory1 made by ! native workm5 f ,portuguese & ,italian models1 b enri*$ ) pi]c$ c>v+ & intricate inlay ( ivory 9 a mann] :i* only an ,ori5tal craftsman c produce4 ,hav+ become fa%ionable 9 ,portugal1 !y made _! appe>ance 9 ,engl&1 & rapidly became popul>4 ,at ,p5%ur/ ,place !re are sev]al f9e specim5s ( ?is ,indo-,portuguese "w1 ) ! sp9dles ( ! *air-backs ( c>v$ ivory2 & 9 ! ,a%molean ,museum at ,ox=d !re is ! well-kn[n *air :i* 0 pres5t$ by ,*>les ,,ii4 to ,elias ,a%mole4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,hampton ,sons4 ,,portuguese ,,high-,,back ,,*air4 ,seat & back =m$ ( two panels ( old /amp$ lea!r1 /udd$ ) brass bosses4 ,bo? 9 ?is lat] ,/u>t p]iod & 9 ! days ( ! fir/ ,*>les inlay 0 consid]ably us$ to height5 ! c>v$ designs on oak tables1 *airs1 & cab9ets4 ,! gr[? ( comm]ce 0 responsible = ! introduction ( _m v>ieties ( =eign woods1 :i* 7 us$ to produce f9] effects 9 m>quetry ?an ! rude inlay ( ,elizabe?an days4 ,! ,frontispiece to ?is volume repres5ts a v h&some cab9et ( ,engli% workman%ip1 inlaid ) ivory & "m-(-pe>l4 ,x is an unusually f9e example ( ! middle sev5te5? c5tury1 & be>s ! date #afec1 ! ye> :5 ,cromwell =cibly dissolv$ ! ,rump ,p>liam5t & 0 decl>$ ,"l ,protector ( ! ,commonweal?4 ,up till n[ oak--! h>d1 t\gh1 ,engli% v>iety1 & n ! m mod]n ,baltic oak or ,am]ican v>ieties n[ us$--0 ! mat]ial = ! tool ( ! c>v] to "w ^u4 ,) ! introduction ( m fl[+ l9es & curves1 a weal? ( detail1 x is n unnatural to f9d t s(t] woods began to f9d fav\r z m suitable to ! new decorations4 ,! age ( walnut 0 approa*+ :51 "u ,william ! ,dut*man1 & 9 ! days ( ,que5 ,anne1 a new] /yle ( furniture 0 to arise1 made by craftsm5 tra9$ 9 ! precepts ( ,gr9l+ ,gibbons & foll[+ ! conceptions ( ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,wr54 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t 9 ,italy ! s(t] woods1 su* z lime1 will[1 sycamore1 *e/nut1 walnut1 & cypress1 _h long be5 us$ = ! delicate c>v+ dur+ ! height ( ! ,r5aissance & succe$+ p]iod1 & 9 ,france & ,spa9 *e/nut & walnut 7 fav\rite woods4 ,9 ! c5tral panel ( ! ,re/oration *air-back1 canework began to be us$ in/ead ( ! ,e>ly ,jacobean c>v+4 ,cane seats 7 frequ5t1 & loose cu%ions1 atta*$ by means ( /r+s1 cov]$ ^! cane panels & seats4 ,! illu/ration 7p4 #abb7 %[s a ,jacobean *air ( ?is p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,w>+ ,,oak ,,*e/ ,,( ,,draw]s4 ,,late ,,jacobean4 7,height1 #c ft4 #c 942 wid?1 #c ft42 dep?1 #a ft4 #aj 947 ,belong+ to ^! lat] ,jacobean days are *e/s ( draw]s ( oak ) f9ely panell$ fronts4 ,we illu/rate two specim5s1 %[+ ! old brass metal "w & ! drop-h&les4 ,!y are usually 9 two p>ts1 & are v deep f back to front4 ,^! are two typical examples ( ?is k9d ( furniture1 :i* 0 9 g5]al use up to ! days ( ,que5 ,anne1 :5 pieces are frequ5tly f\nd support$ on a /&4 ,9 ! picture by ,casp> ,nets*]1 %[+ a ,dut* lady at h] toilet1 a good idea is convey$ ( ! k9d ( *air 9 use 9 ,holl& 9 ! latt] half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 uphol/]$ 9 brocade1 & ! ri* tape/ry tableclo? is a noticeable feature4 ,be=e ent]+ ^u ! la/ phase ( ,/u>t furniture1 & leav+ ! days ( ,jacobean oak ) its f9e c>v+ & h&some appe>ance--! c>eful result ( select+ ! timb] & splitt+ x to %[ ! f9e figure ( ! wood--! att5tion ( ! read] %\ld be drawn to ! fact t ! appe>ance ( ! surface ( furniture made subsequ5t to ?is p]iod beg9s to approa* ! results ( ! mod]n cab9etmak] ) 8 poli%es & _s v>ni%es & highly glaz$ panels & table tops4 ,! lov] ( old oak abom9ates v>ni%4 ,! ,elizabe?an & ,jacobean c>v$ oak furniture receiv$ only a prelim9>y coat ( d>k v>ni% 9 its e>ly days1 mix$ ) oil & n _s1 :i* sank into ! wood & 0 n a surface poli%1 & 0 probably us$ to pres]ve ! wood4 ,^! old pieces1 :i* h receiv$ c5turies ( rubb+ ) beeswax & oil1 h result$ 9 produc+ a ri*1 w>m tone :i* x is impossible to copy by any ( ! subtle arts kn[n to ! mod]n =g]4 ,! collector %\ld make himself ?or\ghly famili> ) ! appe>ance ( ?is old oak by a c>eful exam9ation ( museum pieces1 :i*1 :5 once se51 _c easily be =gott54 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,w>+4 ,,*e/ ,,( ,,draw]s4 ,,panell$ ,,front2 ,,late ,,jacobean4 7,height1 #c ft4 #d 942 wid?1 #c ft4 #aj 942 dep?1 #a ft4 #aj 947 ,! ,italian ,r5aissance furniture probably receiv$ an oil v>ni%1 ! composition ( :i*1 l ! v>ni% employ$ = old viol9s1 has be5 lo/1 b aft] c5turies ( c>eful usage & poli%+1 ! result1 z se5 9 ! f9e specim5s 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 is to give to !m ! appe>ance ( bronze4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,hampton ,sons4 ,,*>les ,,ii4 ,,oak ,,*air4 ,op5 back c>v$ ) %ell & scroll$ foliage4 ,/uff$ seat cov]$ ) old damask4 ,!re is little d\bt t ! ,great ,fire1 :i* did su* imm5se de/ruction 9 ,london 9 #afff1 9 :i* "s eighty-n9e *ur*es & ?irte5 ?\s& h\ses 7 demoli%$1 gave a consid]able impetus to ! manufacture ( furniture 9 ! new /yle4 ,x is n a pleas+ reflection to ?9k h[ _m f9e pieces ( ,elizabe?an & e>ly ,jacobean furniture 7 consum$ 9 ! flames1 includ+ mu* ( ,inigo ,jones's "w4 ,"u ! g5ius ( ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,wr5 _m ( ! city *ur*es 7 rebuilt1 includ+ ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral2 & ,gre5wi* ,hospital & ,hampton ,c\rt 7 enl>g$ accord+ to ,wr5's designs1 ) ! co-op]ation ( ! ma/] woodc>v]1 ,gr9l+ ,gibbons4 ,9 lat] ,jacobean days a spl5d\r ( /yle & an excell5ce ( workman%ip 7 ! outcome ( ! f9e a*ievem5ts 9 int]ior woodwork by ,gr9l+ ,gibbons & ! s*ool he f\nd$4 ,! "w ( ,gr9l+ ,gibbons consi/$ ( mo/ natural *a9s ( fl[]s & foliage1 fruit1 or birds or *]ubs' heads1 all fai?fully reproduc$ untrammell$ by conv5tion4 ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral1 ,hampton ,c\rt1 ,*atswor?1 & ,petwor? ,h\se all conta9 "w by him ( s+ul> beauty4 ,he tra9$ _m assi/ants to help him to c>ry on 8 "w1 & "o ( !m1 ,seld51 lo/ 8 life 9 endeav\r+ to save ! c>v$ room at ,petwor? f a de/ructive fire4 ,! s(t wood ( ! lime 0 8 fav\rite = detail$ c>v+2 = *ur* panell+ or *oir /alls1 su* z at ,/4 ,pauls1 he employ$ oak2 9 8 m$allion portraits or figure "w he pref]r$ pe> or close-gra9$ boxwood4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,hampton ,sons4 ,,*>les ,,ii4 ,,op5 ,,high-,,back ,,oak ,,*air4 ,f9ely c>v$ legs & /ret*]4 ,/uff$ seat cov]$ 9 old ,spani% silk damask4 ,! gradual developm5t ( ! *air 9 ! lat] ,/u>t days 9 ! direction ( uphol/]$ seat w be notic$ 9 ! specim5s :i* are giv5 z illu/rations4 ,! revocation ( ! ,edict ( ,nantes 9 #afhe by ,l\is ,,xiv4 drove "s ?\s&s ( ,fr5* workm5--weav]s1 glass-work]s1 & cab9etmak]s--to ?is c\ntry4 ,! silk-weav+ indu/ry e/abli%$ by !m at ,spitalfields 0 "o ( ! results1 & silk /uffs & brocades 7 us$ = cov]+ ! seats & backs ( furniture4 ,at ,hampton ,c\rt ! cry/al glass *&eli]s 7 made by ,fr5* workm51 :om ,wr5 0 glad to employ to assi/ him to make t palace a wor?y rival to ,v]sailles4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,h>old ,g4 ,lanca/] ,co4 ,,*>les ,,ii4 ,,*air4 ,cane back & seat1 f9ely c>v$ legs & /ret*]4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,f5ton ,sons4 ,,james ,,ii4 ,,*air4 ,) cane back & seat1 & f9ely turn$ legs & /ret*]4 ,! *air "h illu/rat$ %[s ! comm5cem5t ( ! use ( cane "w 9 place ( wood = ! panel 9 back & = ! seat4 ,! ,james ,,ii4 *air illu/rat$ %[s ! lat] developm5t ( ! cane-back4 ,! ,william & ,m>y *air 7illu/rat$ p4 #abe7 %[s h[ ! cane-back 0 reta9$ lat] ?an ! cane-seat1 & h[ ri* damask 0 employ$ = ! uphol/]$ seat4 ,x is int]e/+ to see h[ ! /ret*]1 :i* 9 e>li] days 0 ( use to keep ! feet rais$ f a wet or draughty floor1 has n[ become capable ( elaborate ornam5tation4 ,g5u9e examples ( *airs ( ,elizabe?an & ,e>ly ,/u>t days %[ ! we> ( ! feet ( ! sitt]s4 ,! same we> is obs]vable 9 ! l[] rail ( old tables4 ,9 lat] ,/u>t days ! /ret*] has left its place at ! bottom1 betwe5 ! two front legs4 ,s9ce its use z a foot-re/1 ow+ to c>pet$ floors1 is gone1 x is f\nd ei!r jo9+ ! legs diagonally1 or high] up z an ornam5t ) c>v$ front4 ,9 ! eighte5? c5tury x has almo/ disappe>$ altoge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,h>old ,g4 ,lanca/] ,co4 ,,william ,,& ,,m>y ,,*air4 ,cane back4 ,seat uphol/]$ 9 damask4 ,f9ely c>v$ legs & /ret*]4 ,mirrors began to take a prom95t place 9 int]ior decoration4 ,! h\se ( ,nell ,gwynne 9 ,/4 ,james's ,squ>e _h "o room entirely l9$ ) glass mirrors4 ,hampton ,c\rt is full ( mirrors1 & !y are arrang$ ) consid]able skill4 ,by an artful arrangem5t ! mirror 9 ! ,k+'s ,writ+ ,closet is plac$ at su* an angle t ! reflection ( ! :ole suite ( rooms may be se5 9 x4 ,! look+ glasses made 9 ?is c\ntry 9 ! late sev5te5? & e>ly eighte5? c5turies 7 ! "w ( ,v5etian & ,fr5* workm54 ,! plates _h a bevel ( an in* 9 wid?1 & ^! bevels foll[$ ! %ape ( ! frame1 :e!r squ>e or oval4 ,a factory 0 e/abli%$ ne> ,batt]sea :i* produc$ "s f9e "w ( ?is nature4 ,x w be notic$ by ! collector :o is obs]vant t ! bevels diff] consid]ably f mod]n bevels4 ,! angle is n su* an acute "o1 & sometimes ! edges are d\ble bevell$4 ,_m ( ! mirrors ( ! "t ( ,william & ,m>y _h an ornam5t$ bord] ( blue glass4 ,sometimes ! mirror 0 pa9t$ ) fe/oons ( fl[]s & ) birds 9 ,fr5* mann]4 ,9 imitation ( ,italian /yle ! back ( ! mirror1 9 examples a little lat]1 0 work$ ^u 9 ! /yle ( intaglio1 or gem cutt+1 ?is pres5t+ a dull silv] surface :5 se5 f ! front4 ,9 picture frames1 9 *imneypieces1 or 9 mirror frames ! s*ool ( ,gr9l+ ,gibbons 0 /ill pre-em95t 9 c>v+4 ,n[ & aga9 are f\nd traces ( ,italian or ,l\is ,,xiv4 influ5ce1 b z a :ole ! ,engli% c>v] held 8 own1 & ! traditions ( ,gr9l+ ,gibbons 7 ma9ta9$1 & he did n easily all[ himself to be c>ri$ away by =eign elaborations4 ,:5 ,william ( ,orange came ov] 9 #afhh he br\ght ) him _m ( 8 own c\ntrym5 z milit>y & civil advis]s1 & 9 _! tra9 came arti/s & craftsm51 :o introduc$ ,dut* art into ,engl&1 & prep>$ ! way = ! m homely /yle ( ,que5 ,anne4 ,walnut cab9ets inlaid ) v>i\s woods1 & ) ivory squ>es repres5t+ m9iature ,dut* c\rty>ds 9 ! recesses ( cab9ets1 _h f\nd _! way into ,engl&4 ,) ! p]iod ( ,william & ,m>y ! cabriole leg 9 *airs & 9 tables became popul>--at fir/ an ,engli% adaptation ( ,dut* models--b lat] to develop into ! glori\s creations ( ! age ( walnut4 ,blue delft j>s & b[ls1 "s especially made = ,william & ,m>y & be>+ ! ,royal arms & ! cyph] ,w4 ,m4 ,r4 & ! ,nassau motto1 ,je ma9 ti5-dray1 /ill to be se5 9 ! ,que5's ,gall]y at ,hampton ,c\rt1 7 introduc$1 & x became fa%ionable to collect *9a4 ,consequ5tly ! furniture 9 rooms _h to be adapt$ = ! arrangem5t ( ?is new class ( ornam5t1 & cab9ets 7 l>gely made ) accommodation to receive vases & beak]s & blue b[ls on _! %elves4 ,! e>li] =m h /raight sides2 b lat]1 especially 9 ! next reign1 !y foll[ ,fr5* designs1 & are swoll5 or bombe at ! sides4 ,illu/ration3 ,,upp] ,,portion ,,( ,,*air ,,back ,,( ,,cut ,,lea!r4 ,,portuguese4 ,,latt] ,,"p ,,( ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury4 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,) ,william1 too1 came ov] ! pla9 walnut c>d-table4 ,clock cases ( ! /yle t]m$ ,gr&fa!r 7 ( ,dut* orig94 ,! seats ( *airs 7 %ap$ & removable4 ,! ,dut* trade ) ! ,ea/ ,indies _h br\ght ,ori5tal *9a & lac cab9ets into ,holl&1 & ^!1 ) ! com+ ( ,william1 f\nd _! way into ?is c\ntry4 ,bureaux ) a numb] ( secret recesses 7 introduc$1 & ano!r ,dut* importation f ! ,ea/ 0 ! n[ celebrat$ *air or table leg ) claw & ball foot4 ,?is came directly f ,*9a1 & z 9 ! case ( delft1 :i* is ! e>!nw>e replica by ! ,dut* pott] ( f9e blue porcela9 vases1 f ,nank9 & ,canton1 :]e ! ,ori5tal p]spective & design h be5 slavi%ly copi$1 s ) ! furniture1 ! old ,*9ese symbol ( a dragon's foot hold+ a pe>l1 0 repeat$ 9 ! furniture by ,dut* cab9etmak]s4 ,dut* m>quetry made an e>ly appe>ance ) simple ornam5tation1 sometimes enri*$ by ivory or "m-(-pe>l inlay1 b lat] x develop$ into fl[+ floral designs ) figures1 vases1 fruit1 butt]flies1 & elaborate scrolls 9 v>i\s col\r$ woods1 ( :i* yell[ 0 ! pr$om9ant col\r4 ,,rec5t ,,sale ,,prices4#a ,l s4 d4 ,arm*air1 ,*>les ,,ii41 oak1 c>v$ ) *]ubs support+ cr[ns1 & ) turn$ column supports4 ,*ri/ie1 ,novemb] #bj1 #aijc #ae #d #f ,*airs1 pair1 ,*>les ,,ii41 oak1 ) cane seats & oval cane panels 9 ! backs1 spirally turn$ legs1 /ret*]s & rails at ! back4 ,*ri/ie1 ,m>* #d1 #aijd #fc #j #j ,arm*air1 ,*>les ,,ii41 oak1 ) high back c>v$ ) arabesque foliage1 ) lions' masks & claw legs4 ,*ri/ie1 ,m>* #bi1 #aijd #fc #j #j ,*airs1 pair1 ne>ly simil>1 c>v$ ) foliage4 ,*ri/ie1 ,m>* #bi1 #aijd #ci #ah #j ,arm*air1 ,*>les ,,ii41 walnut-wood1 ( ,italian design1 c>v$ ) masks1 cane seat & panel 9 back2 & cu%ion1 cov]$ ) old ,flemi% tape/ry4 ,*ri/ie1 ,m>* #d1 #aijd #gg #ad #j ,*airs1 ?ree1 ,*>les ,,ii41 oak1 ) oval panels ( canework 9 ! backs1 ! bord]s c>v$ ) foliage1 fl[]s1 & ,amor9i1 & surm\nt$ by bu/s4 ,*ri/ie1 ,april #ab1 #aijd #db #j #j ,*airs1 set ( twelve1 ,*>les ,,ii41 ( *e/nut-wood1 ) high backs c>v$ ) rosette ornam5ts1 scroll foliage1 & =mal blossoms1 on cabriole legs c>v$ ) fl[]s & %ap$ /ret*]s4 ,*ri/ie1 ,july #a1 #aijd #dfb #j #j ,*airs1 pair ( *e/nut-wood1 ) high backs slightly curv$1 pi]c$ & c>v$ at ! top1 & ea* inlaid ) two cane panels1 on c>v$ cabriole legs & %ap$ /ret*]s1 temp4 ,james ,,ii4 ,*ri/ie1 ,june #b1 #aijd #cf #ae #j ,cab9et1 ,engli% m>quetry1 ) fold+ doors1 enclos+ twelve draw]s & small cupbo>d1 & ) f\r draw]s bel[1 ! :ole elaborately inlaid ) vases ( tulips1 roses1 & o!r fl[]s1 small figures1 birds1 & insects1 on a walnut-wood gr\nd1 #fi 94 high1 #dg 94 wide1 temp4 ,william ,,iii4 ,*ri/ie1 ,febru>y #ab1 #aijd #aje #j #j ,mirror1 9 case ( old ,engli% m>quetry1 inlaid ) l>ge fl[]s & foliage 9 col\r$ woods & ivory on walnut-wood gr\nd1 #cb 94 by #bh 941 temp4 ,william ,,iii4 ,*ri/ie1 ,febru>y #ai1 #aijd #dc #c #j ,*airs1 set ( six1 walnut-wood1 ) high1 op5 backs1 c>v$ ) foliage1 ! c5tre inlaid 9 m>quetry1 on c>v$ cabriole legs & eagles' claw-&-ball feet1 temp4 ,william & ,m>y4 ,*ri/ie1 ,june #b1 #aijd #cae #j #j ,*airs1 set ( f\r1 ( simil> =m1 op5 backs1 c>v$ ) %ell1 & gadroon ornam5t1 & on c>v$ cabriole legs ) ho( feet1 ! /ret*] c>v$ ) a %ell1 temp4 ,william & ,m>y4 ,*ri/ie1 ,june #b1 #aijd #aje #j #j ,cab9et1 ,william & ,m>y1 m>quetry1 v5e]$ ) walnut-wood1 decorat$ ) oval & %ap$ panels1 inlaid1 ^u ebony field1 #db 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,m>* #ah1 #aijd #fe #b #j ,cab9et on /&1 ebony1 ,dut*1 sev5te5? c5tury1 support$ by six bead$ columns ) /age "u & mirror panels at back1 ! upp] "p compos$ ( doors c>v$ 9 m$allions2 ! c5tre doors enclose an ar*itectural hall1 inlaid 9 ivory1 c41 ) gilt columns & mirror panels1 & fitt$ ) secret draw]s1 #e ft4 #c 94 wide1 #f ft4 #f 94 high & #bb 94 deep4 ,j5n] ,dell1 ,brighton1 ,may #c1 #aijd #ajj #j #j ,corn] cupbo>d1 ,dut* m>quetry1 #h ft4 high1 hav+ c>v$ cr[n-%ap$ cornice1 ) c5tre vase1 f\r doors1 ) b[ fronts1 inlaid ) fl[]s & c>v$ rais$ bead+s1 ! int]ior fitt$4 ,c4 ,w4 ,provis ,son1 ,man*e/]1 ,may #i1 #aijd #cb #j #j ,table1 ,dut* m>quetry1 ) %ap$ front & two draw]s inlaid ) sprays ( fl[]s 9 col\r$ woods & ivory1 on cabriole legs1 #cb 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,m>* #d1 #aijd #cg #af #j #a ,by ! k9dness ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur ^! items are giv5 f _! useful mon?ly publication1 ,auction ,sale ,prices4 ,v ,,que5 ,,anne ,,/yle ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,hampton ,sons ,,que5 ,,anne ,,oak ,,settle4 ,scroll$ arms1 panell$ back & loose cu%ion$ seat4 ,wid? #f feet4 ,v ,,que5 ,,anne ,,/yle ,anne #agjb-agad4 #agjg4 ,act ( ,union betwe5 ,engl& & ,scotl&4 ,fir/ ,unit$ ,p>liam5t ( ,great ,brita9 met4 #agac4 ,! ,national ,debt _h ris5 to ,l#ch1jjj1jjj4 ,) ! age ( ,que5 ,anne dome/ic furniture dep>t$ f ! ornate *>act]i/ics :i* _h m>k$ previ\s epo*s4 ,! t5d5cy 9 ,engli% furniture seems to h made t[>ds com=t & homel9ess4 ,! ,engli% home may n h conta9$ s _m articles ( luxury !n z does ! mod]n h\se ) its arti/ic embelli%m5ts1 & a popul> ta/e rapidly rip5+ into a g5u9e love ( ! f9e arts4 ,a mod]n %opkeep]'s h\se1 says ,"l ,macaulay1 is z well furni%$ z ! h\se ( a consid]able m]*ant 9 ,anne's reign4 ,x is v d\btful :e!r ?is /atem5t holds good ) reg>d to ! days ( ,elizabe? or ! days ( ! e>ly ,/u>ts1 b !re c]ta9ly seems to h be5 9 ! dawn ( ! walnut p]iod a curtailm5t ( luxuri\s effects t might well tempt a casual obs]v] to g5]alise 9 ! belief t ! days ( ,anne spelt dulness 9 art4 ,! settle1 ! illu/ration ( :i* is giv5 7p4 #adi71 be>+ ! date #agje1 ! ye> aft] ,bl5heim1 %[s t ,jacobean models ( e>ly days 7 n =gott54 ,! inlaid bord]s are v effective1 & !re is no?+ vulg> or (f5sive 9 ! c>v+4 ,x is simple 9 /yle & ! jo9]y is good4 ,a walnut mirror1 c>v$ & gild$ 7illu/rat$ p4 #acg71 exhibits ! same solidity4 ,!re is no?+ to %[ t ! glori\s age ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 _h produc$ ! mo/ sumptu\s & ri*ly decorat$ furniture ! mod]n _w _h se54 ,! simplicity ( ?is c>v$ mirror frame is z ?\gh art _h begun & end$ 9 ,engl&1 & probably x is ?is insul>ity ( ! furniture ( ?is p]iod1 & ! almo/ /ubborn neglect ( ! important movem5ts go+ on 9 ,france t makes ! ,que5 ,anne /yle ( peculi> int]e/4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,h>old ,g4 ,lanca/] ,co4 ,,que5 ,,anne ,,mirror ,,frame4 ,,walnut1 ,,c>v$ ,,& ,,gild$4 ,! oak desk illu/rat$ 7p4 #aci71 dat$ #afif1 is simil> to ! "o at ,abbots=d1 9 :i* ,sir ,walt] ,scott mislaid 8 manuscript ( ,wav]ley1 :]e x lay among 8 fi%+-tackle = elev5 ye>s4 ,ano!r piece ( ! same p]iod is ! cupbo>d ) c>v$ doors & draw]s b5ea? 7illu/rat$ p4 #adj74 ,illu/ration3 ,,oak ,,desk4 ,,) ,,initials ,l4 ,g4 ,,& ,,dat$ #afif4 7,f ! collection ( ,t4 ,e4 ,price ,/ret*e1 ,esq47 ,"s pretty effects 7 n[ obta9$ by v5e]+1 :i* 0 l>gely com+ into practice4 ,! pieces ) ! burr-walnut panels1 m>k$ 9 a s]ies ( knot-l r+s1 are especially s\ght aft]4 ,?is patt]n 0 obta9$ f ! gn>l$ roots ( ! walnut-tree1 & appli$ 9 a decorative mann] ) excell5t result4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,t4 ,e4 ,price ,/ret*e1 ,esq4 ,,oak ,,cupbo>d4 ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury4 ,metal h&les ( draw]s1 eighte5? c5tury4 7,height #f ft4 #g 942 wid?1 #d ft4 #f 947 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,br[n ,bool4 ,cab9et clos$2 %[+ f9e mottl$ figure ( burr walnut4 ,cab9et op52 %[+ drop-d[n front & ne/ ( draw]s4 ,,que5 ,,anne ,,walnut ,,cab9et4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dut* ,,m>quetry ,,*air4 ,,que5 ,,anne ,,*air4 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,hampton ,sons4 ,illu/ration3 ,,que5 ,,anne ,,walnut ,,arm*air4 ,,black ,,& ,,gold ,,lac ,,*air4 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,w>+4 ,9 ! f9e cab9et1 ! illu/ration ( :i* is giv5 7p4 #ada71 ! /yle is typical ( ?is p]iod4 ,! panels ( ! doors are ( exquisite f9i%1 & %[ a beautiful walnut gra9 ( peculi>ly-pleas+ mottl$ appe>ance1 & ! mell[ effect :i* "t has giv5 to ?is specim5 _c be imitat$ ) any degree ( success 9 mod]n replicas4 ,9 ! illu/ration %[+ ?is piece :5 op51 ! ri* effect ( ! walnut 9 ! middle panel may be notic$2 ! contempor>y brass h&les to ! ne/ ( draw]s are typical ( ?is /yle4 ,9 *airs & 9 tables ! elegant cabriole & colt's-foot legs 7 n[ commonly adopt$1 & app>5tly1 simple z is ! con/ruction1 x is only :5 ,que5 ,anne pieces come to be repair$ t x is f\nd h[ exp5sive an und]tak+ x is1 ow+ to _! +5i\s con/ruction & ! pati5t lab\r t 0 exp5d$ ^u !m1 to produce unpret5ti\s & h>moni\s effects4 ,! ass]tively ,engli% _s :i* 0 ! dom9ant note ( ! furniture ( ! e>ly eighte5? c5tury cont9u$ up till ! e>ly ye>s ( ! reign ( ,george ,,ii4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod1 :i* cov]s half a c5tury1 walnut 0 ! wood mo/ly us$ 9 ! manufacture ( furniture1 & ?is walnut p]iod %[s a quiet dignity ( /yle & a simple proportion1 retic5tly elegant & inornate )\t be+ sev]e4 ,! ,que5 ,anne oak settle1 ) %ap$ panell$ back & scroll arms1 :i* appe>s z ! headpiece to ?is *apt]1 is especially repres5tative ( ! k9d ( piece 9 common use at ! "t2 oak 0 /ill employ$ 9 furniture ( ?is nature4 ,! legs %[ ! new] design1 :i* 0 already dep>t+ f ! elegant turn+ ( e>li] ,jacobean days4 ,9 ! ,que5 ,anne *air :i* is illu/rat$ 9 ! gr\p ( *airs ( ?is p]iod 7p4 #adc71 ) op5 back & c>v$ scroll foliage1 ! cabriole legs are f9ely c>v$ ) lion masks & acan?us leaf ornam5t1 on lion's claw-&-ball feet4 ,! seat is removable1 & is /uff$4 ,que5 ,anne *airs _h high c>v$ or pla9 splat backs4 ,! arm*air 9 ! same gr\p %[s ?is type ( back4 ,! ,dut* %ell-patt]n (t5 appe>s ei!r on back or at ! juncture ( ! leg ) ! seat4 ,*airs decorat$ 9 m>quetry1 9 ,dut* fa%ion1 7 9 use at ?is p]iod4 ,! "o illu/rat$ ) ! two above-m5tion$ *airs is inlaid ) birds & fl[]s1 & ! legs are cabriole4 ,! seat foll[s ! gr[+ usage ( be+ loose & /uff$4 ,dut* m>quetry cab9ets on /&s1 ) /raight uprights1 7 import$ & became a feature 9 ! e>ly eighte5? c5tury draw+-room 7see illu/ration1 p4 #adg74 ,! e>li] =ms _h /raight sides1 b lat]1 z ! fa%ion grew1 bureaux & l>ge cab9ets1 ) ! dim5sions ( a mod]n w>drobe1 _h tak5 _! place1 ) bombe or swell$ sides1 & pr(usely decorat$ 9 m>quetry1 ) vases & tulips & unnam$ fl[]s ( ! cab9etmak]'s inv5tion1 birds1 butt]flies1 & elaborate scrollwork1 9 :i* ivory & "m-(-pe>l 7 (t5 employ$ z an inlay4 ,! /&s on :i* ! small] cab9ets /ood 7 turn$ ) ! spiral leg ( ,jacobean days1 & lat] !y h ! cabriole leg1 ) ball-&-claw or club feet4 ,cab9ets & /&s are frequ5tly f\nd toge!r1 9 :i* ! "o is mu* e>li] ?an ! o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,hampton ,sons4 ,,dut* ,,m>quetry ,,cab9et4 ,fitt$ ) %elves4 ,door ri*ly inlaid ) fl[]s & scroll$ foliage4 ,on /& ) turn$ legs & /ret*]4 ,ri* damask began to be us$ 9 ! furni%+ ( hang+s1 & 9 "s ( ! palatial furniture ( ! p]iod ! looms ( ,spitalfields produc$ ! cov]+s4 ,9 ,que5 ,anne's b$room ! hang+s 7 ( ri* silk velvet4 ,clocks ( ! v>iety t]m$ ,gr&fa!r1 ei!r ) f9e walnut cases or inlaid ) m>quetry1 came into m g5]al use 9 ! days ( ,que5 ,anne4 ,an elaboration ( c>v+ on gr&fa!r clock cases z a rule is to be reg>d$ ) suspicion4 ,pla9 panels are n s saleable z c>v$ ones2 ! want is suppli$1 & _m f9e old clock cases are spoil$ by hav+ ! t\* ( a mod]n h&4 ,! clock illu/rat$ is an unt\*$ specim54 ,! walnut case is a f9e example ( ,que5 ,anne m>quetry "w4 ,! works are by ,sam ,b>r[1 ,h]mitage ,bridge1 ,london4 ,! /eel dial is ri*ly m\nt$ ) cupids1 masks1 & scrolls 9 *as$ brass4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,hampton ,sons4 ,,que5 ,,anne ,,clock4 ,walnut case ) m>quetry "w4 ,t[>ds ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury & lat]1 cab9ets ( ,dut* importation1 & ,japanese or ,*9ese 9 orig91 7 ext5sively 9 use4 ,9 small] numb]s !y _h1 )\t d\bt1 9 ! days ( ,william & ,m>y1 be5 introduc$1 b x 0 n until ! comm]ce ) ! ,ea/ _h be5 well e/abli%$ t !y became popul>4 ,9 ! cab9et illu/rat$ 7p4 #aej7 ! cab9et-"w is ,engli%1 ! draw]s are all dovetail$ 9 ! ,engli% mann]1 b ! lacqu]$ doors come f ! ,ea/4 ,x is an especially int]e/+ example1 z ! pagoda-l sup]/ructure is n (t5 f\nd complete4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,w>+4 ,,que5 ,,anne ,,oak ,,settle4 ,,dat$ #agje4 ,) bord]s 9 m>quetry4 7,wid?1 #e ft47 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,br[n ,bool4 ,,old ,,lac ,,cab9et4 ,,engli%2 ,,e>ly ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury4 ,lacqu]$ boxes _h be5 s5t home f ! ,ea/ by ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,dut* m]*ants1 = _m ye>s1 & ) *>act]i/ic +5uity ! ,fr5* cab9etmak]s _h employ$ ^! z panels = _! furniture1 b ! supply n be+ suffici5t !y _h attempt$ a lacqu] ( _! own1 :i* is dealt ) 9 a subsequ5t *apt] on ,l\is ,,xiv4 furniture4 ,dut* lacqu]-"w 0 a simil> attempt on ! "p ( ! craftsman ( ,holl& to equal ! ,ori5tal orig9als4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lac ,,cab9et4 ,,middle ,,( ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury4 7,height1 #b ft4 #e 942 wid?1 #b ft4 #h-a_/b 942 dep?1 #a ft4 #f-a_/b 942 height ( /&1 #b ft4 #i 947 7,f ! collection ( ,w4 ,g4 ,honey1 ,esq41 ,cork47 ,illu/ration3 ,w4 ,g4 ,honey1 ,esq41 ,cork4 ,,front ,,( ,,lac ,,cab9et 7,,illu/rat$71 ,,) ,,doors ,,clos$4 ,9 ! e>ly eighte5? c5tury ! ,engli% craftsman tri$ 8 skill at lacqu]$ furniture1 x is true n ) v successful results1 b x is int]e/+ to see :at he has left z attempts4 ,! illu/ration 7p4 #adc7 ( a *air 9 black & gold lac is ( ,engli% manufacture4 ,! splat back & ! cabriole leg give ! date1 & ! specim5 is a notewor?y example4 ,ano!r piece ( ! fir/ half ( ! eighte5? c5tury p]iod is ! lac cab9et illu/rat$ 7p4 #aea74 ,! metal h+es & corn]s ( ?is are ( *as$ brass & ( ,engli% or ,dut* workman%ip4 ,! %ape & design ( ! draw] h&les are frequ5tly f\nd 9 ne/s ( draw]s ( ?is p]iod1 & !re 0 a s+ul> fondness %[n at ?is "t = numb]s ( small draw]s & pigeon-holes 9 furniture4 ,! n[ famili> bureau ) bookcase above1 & drop-d[n1 slop+ front cov]+ draw]s & recesses1 dates f ?is "t4 ,! escut*eon ( ! lac cab9et is illu/rat$ 9 detail z a tailpiece to ?is *apt] to %[ ! p>ticul> /yle ( "w f\nd on ! locks & h+es & draw]-h&les ( pieces ( ?is nature4 ,z has be5 said be=e1 x is especially useful to ! collector to make himself ?or\ghly famili> ) ^! details ( ! v>i\s p]iods4 ,x may be readily imag9$ t at a "t :5 c>ds 7 ! passion ( ev]ybody 9 society1 ! c>d-table became a necess>y piece ( furniture 9 eighte5?-c5tury days1 j be=e ! dawn ( ! great age ( mahogany1 :5 ,*ipp5dale1 & ! s*ool t foll[$ him1 eag]ly work$ 9 ! wood :i* ,raleigh discov]$4 ,!y produc$ c\ntless =ms1 bo? orig9al & adapt$ f ! ,fr5*1 :i* h enri*$ ! rep]toire ( ! cab9etmak] & :i* h br\ght fame to ! man ^: designs add$ lu/re to ! reputation ( ,engli% furniture4 ,,rec5t ,,sale ,,prices4#a ,l s4 d4 ,*airs1 six1 mahogany1 s+le1 & "o arm*air to mat*1 ) %ap$ legs & op5work backs 7e>ly eighte5? c5tury74 ,f4 ,w4 ,kidd1 ,neale ,son1 ,nott+ham1 ,novemb] #aa1 #aijc #be #d #j ,*airs1 eight ,que5 ,anne1 walnut-wood1 ) high backs1 on slightly cabriole legs1 ) /ret*]s4 ,*ri/ie1 ,decemb] #aa1 #aijc #cc #ab #j ,arm*air1 ,que5 ,anne1 l>ge walnut-wood1 c>v$ ) foliage1 ! arms t]m9at+ 9 masks1 on c>v$ cabriole legs & lion's-claw feet4 ,*ri/ie1 ,m>* #bi1 #aijd #ej #h #j ,cab9et1 ,que5 ,anne1 ! l[] "p fitt$ ) escritoire1 ! upp] "p ) num]\s draw]s1 %ap$ cornice above1 #c ft4 #f 94 by #g ft4 #f 94 ,puttick ,simpson1 ,april #ab1 #aijd #cd #j #j ,*airs1 f\r ,que5 ,anne1 walnut-wood1 ) int]lac$ backs c>v$ ) rosettes & a %ell at ! top1 on cabriole legs c>v$ ) %ells & foliage2 & a pair ( *airs made to mat*4 ,*ri/ie1 ,july #h1 #aijd #dd #b #j #a ,by ! k9dness ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur1 ^! items are giv5 f _! useful mon?ly publication1 ,auction ,sale ,prices4 ,illu/ration3 ,w4 ,g4 ,honey ,esq41 ,cork4 ,,*as$ ,,brass ,,escut*eon ,,( ,,lac ,,cab9et 7,,illu/rat$74 7,wid?1 #aj-a_/b 947 ,,vi ,,fr5* ,,furniture4 ,,! ,,p]iod ,,( ,,l\is ,,xiv ,illu/ration3 ,by k9d p]mission1 f ! collection ( ,dr4 ,sig]son1 ,dubl94 ,,cassette4 ,,fr5*2 ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury4 ,conta9+ _m secret draw]s4 ,,vi ,,fr5* ,,furniture4 ,,! ,,p]iod ,,( ,,l\is ,,xiv ,,l\is ,,xiv4 7#afdc-agae71 cov]+ ,engli% p]iods ( ,civil ,w>1 ,commonweal?1 ,*>les ,,ii41 ,james ,,ii41 ,william & ,m>y1 & ,anne4 #afai-afhc4 ,colb]t1 ,m9i/] ( ,f9ance & patron ( ! arts4 #affa-afhg4 ,v]sailles built4 #affb4 ,gobel9s ,tape/ry ,works />t$ by ,colb]t2 ,le ,brun fir/ director 7#affb-afij74 #affd4 ,royal ,academy ( ,pa9t+1 ,ar*itecture1 & ,sculpture f\nd$ by ,colb]t1 to :i* designs ( furniture 7 admitt$4 ,9 ord] to arrive at a s5se ( proportion z to ! value ( ,engli% furniture & its relation to contempor>y art 9 ,europe1 x is necess>y to pass "u ha/y exam9ation ! movem5ts t 7 tak+ place 9 ,france 9 ! creation ( a new /yle 9 furniture "u ! impulses ( ! epo* ( ! ,gr&e ,mon>que4 ,to e/imate m correctly ! /yles ( ! ,e>ly ,jacobean & ( ! lat] ,engli% furniture ext5d+ to ! days ( ,*ipp5dale & ,%]aton1 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ,engl& 0 n always s insul> 9 art z ! days ( ,que5 ,anne w\ld seem to indicate4 ,x is impossible = ! cab9etmak]s & ! craftsm5 to h utt]ly ignor$ ! spl5d\rs ( ,france4 ,l\is ,,xiv4 _h a long & ev5tful reign1 :i* ext5d$ f ! days :5 ,*>les ,i4 0 m>%all+ 8 =ces to engage 9 civil w> ) ! ,p>liam5t d[n to ! clos+ ye>s ( ,que5 ,anne4 ,dur+ 8 m9ority x _c be said t ,l\is ,,xiv4 influ5c$ art 9 furniture1 b f #affa1 contempor>y ) ,*>les ,,ii41 :5 he assum$ ! despotic p[] t he ex]cis$ = half a c5tury1 8 love ( sumptu\sness1 & 8 p]sonal sup]vision ( ! etiquette ( a =mal ,c\rt1 9 :i* no detail 0 omitt$ to surr\nd royalty ) magnific5ce1 made him ! patron ( ! f9e arts1 & gave 8 ,c\rt ! mo/ spl5did pre/ige 9 ,europe4 ,z a headpiece to ?is *apt] we give a v f9e example ( a cassette1 or /rong box1 ( ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,x is securely b\nd ) metal b&s ( exquisite design4 ,! int]ior is fitt$ ) a numb] ( secret draw]s4 ,9 ! illu/ration 7p4 #aei7 x w be se5 t ! *air ( ! p]iod ( ,l\is ,treize diff]$ 9 no great respects f ! furniture "u ! e>ly ,/u>ts 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,?is design is by ! celebrat$ ,crisp9 de ,passe1 & ! date is :5 ,*>les ,i4 rais$ 8 /&>d at ,nott+ham1 a ye> prior to ! bir? ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*air ,,( ,,p]iod ,,( ,,l\is ,,xiii4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,crisp9 ,,de ,,passe1 #afdb4 ,dur+ ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 tables1 armoires1 & cab9ets 7 design$ on ar*itectural pr9ciples4 ,"u ! guid+ influ5ce ( ,colb]t1 ,m9i/] ( ,f9ance1 ar*itects & cab9etmak]s 7 select$ to design furniture = ! ,tuil]ies1 ! ,l\vre1 & ,fonta9ebleau4 ,9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! reign furniture 0 made ) sev]e l9es1 b gradually x became ! practice to fa%ion l>g] pieces4 ,imm5se tables ) sumptu\s decoration1 on gild$ claw-feet1 & hav+ tops inlaid ) pietra-dura int5d$ to c>ry bronze gr\ps & porphyry vases1 7 made at ! ,gobel9s factory1 "u ! direction ( ! celebrat$ ,le ,brun4 ,?is arti/ lov$ gr&eur & gorge\sness 9 decoration1 & 9 accord ) ! p]sonal ideas ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 :o _h an inord9ate love = p]fect symmetry1 huge pieces ( furniture 7 built 9 magnific5t mann] to please ! ta/e ( ! ,gr&e ,mon>que4 ,m5 ( g5ius 7 employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( tape/ries1 ( furniture1 & ( metal m\nt+s1 & ! int]ior decorations ( ! palaces 7 design$ 9 h>mony ) ! furniture int5d$ = use !re94 ,! mo/ illu/ri\s among ! cab9etmak]s 0 ,&re ,*>les ,b\le1 :o 0 made1 9 #afgc1 by lett]s pat5t1 ,premi] eb5i/e de la maison royale4 ,! "w ( ?is arti/ 9 wood has atta9$ a worldwide celebrity1 & 8 "n ev5 has be5 corrupt$ into buhl to d5ote a p>ticul> class ( "w :i* he p]fect$4 ,8 mo/ notable productions are ! f9ely *as$ ormolu1 9 :i* he 0 an accompli%$ work]1 & ! inlay ( tortoise%ell & brass1 sometimes v>i$ ) ebony or silv]1 :i* h rema9$ ! wond] ( succe$+ g5]ations4 ,b\le 0 born 9 #afdb1 & liv$ till #agcb4 ,! fir/ ,b\le1 t]m$ ,le ,p]e1 he 0 succe$$ by no less ?an f\r sons & nephews ( ! same "n1 9 addition to 8 pupils :o c>ri$ on 8 traditions at ! ,b\le ateli]1 & a cr[d ( lat] imitators1 ev5 up to ! pres5t day1 h foll[$ 8 /yle 9 lavi% decoration )\t be+ possess$ ( 8 skill4 ,9 ,italy & 9 ,france m>quetry ( consid]able delicacy & ( f9e effect _h be5 produc$ long be=e ! epo* ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 b x 0 ,b\le :o introduc$ a novelty into m>quetry by 8 v5e]$ "w1 :i* rapidly grew into fav\r till x develop$ into crud] col\r+ 9 inlays & unbridl$ lic5ce 9 ornam5tation1 to :i* its orig9ator w\ld nev] h giv5 c\nt5ance4 ,! pieces ( furniture usually associat$ ) him are massive /ructures ( ebony ) _! surfaces cov]$ ) tortoise%ell1 9 :i* are inlaid arabesques1 scrolls1 & foliage 9 ?9 brass or o!r metal4 ,^u ! surface ( ?is metal inlay fur!r ornam5tation 0 *as$ ) ! bur94 ,?is alt]nation ( tortoise%ell & brass =ms a brilliant m>quetry4 ,into ! *as$ designs on ! metal a black enamel 0 introduc$ to height5 ! effect1 :i* 0 fur!r increas$ by portions ( ! wood b5ea? ! semi-transp>5t tortoise%ell be+ col\r$ black or br[n or r$2 sometimes a blui%-gre5 0 us$4 ,lat] imitators1 n cont5t ) ! beautiful effect ( tortoise%ell1 us$ horn 9 p>ts1 :i* is m transp>5t1 & !y did n fe> ! g>i% effect ( blue or v]milion und]nea?4 ,b\le's creations1 set 9 massive m\nts & adornm5ts ( masks & bas-reliefs1 ca/ 9 gilt-bronze & *as$1 7 pieces ( furniture ( unsurpass$ magnific5ce1 & especially design$ = ! mirror$ spl5d\rs ( ! salons ( ,v]sailles4 ,9 b\le-"w all p>ts ( ! m>quetry are held d[n by glue to ! b$1 usually ( oak1 ! metal be+ occasionally fa/5$ d[n by small brass p9s1 :i* are hamm]$ flat & *as$ ov] s z to be imp]ceptible4 ,9 ord] to economise ! mat]ial1 ,b\le1 :5 8 m>quetry became 9 dem&1 employ$ a process :i* l$ to ! use ( ! te*nical t]ms1 b\le & c\nt]-b\le4 ,! brass & ! tortoise%ell 7 cut into ?9 %eets4 ,a numb] ( %eets ( brass 7 clamp$ toge!r ) ! same numb] ( %eets ( tortoise%ell4 ,! design 0 !n cut out1 ! result be+ t ea* %eet ( tortoise%ell _h a design cut out ( x1 into :i* ! same design f "o ( ! %eets ( brass w\ld exactly fit4 ,simil>ly ea* %eet ( brass _h a design cut out ( x into :i* a correspond+ piece ( tortoise%ell w\ld fit4 ,t 9 :i* ! gr\nd is ( tortoise%ell & ! inlaid portion is brass1 is consid]$ ! bett]1 & is call$ b\le1 or ! premi]e p>tie4 ,t 9 :i* ! gr\ndwork is brass & ! design inlaid is ( tortoise%ell1 is call$ c\nt]-b\le or contre-p>tie4 ,?is latt] is us$ = side panels4 ,an exam9ation ( ! specim5s pres]v$ 9 ! ,l\vre1 at ! ,jones ,beque/ at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 or 9 ! ,wallace ,collection w enable ! /ud5t to see m readily h[ ?is practice works out 9 ! f9i%$ result4 ,9 ! illu/ration 7p4 #afc7 ( ! two p$e/als ! effect ( ! employm5t ( b\le & c\nt]-b\le is %[n4 ,illu/ration3 7a47 7b47 ,,p$e/als ,,%[+ ,,b\le ,,& ,,c\nt]-,,b\le ,,"w4 7,wallace ,collection47 7a7 ,b\le or premi]e p>tie4 7b7 ,c\nt]-b\le or contre-p>tie4 ,associat$ ) ,b\le is ,jean ,b]a91 :o _h a fondness = ! ,italian /yle2 8 designs are m symmetrically correct1 bo? 9 ornam5tal detail & 9 ar*itectural proportion4 ,8 conceptions are rem>kable = _! fanciful elaboration1 & _! weal? ( pr(use scrollwork4 ,9 ! ,fr5* national collections at ! ,l\vre1 at ,v]sailles1 & else:]e !re are _m beautiful examples ( 8 *&eli]s ( magnific5t c>v$ & gild$ "w4 ,! fre$om ( ! spiral arms & complex coils he introduc$ into 8 c&elabra h nev] be5 equall$ z h>moni\s portions ( a gr&ly conceiv$ s*eme ( magnific5t int]ior decoration1 to :i*1 9 ! days ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 s mu* arti/ic tal5t 0 devot$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b\le ,,cab9et1 ,,or ,,armoire4 ,valu$ at ne>ly ,l#ae1jjj4 ,jones ,beque/4 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,) reg>d to ! value ( "s ( ! specim5s 9 ! national collections1 x is difficult to =m an e/imate4 ,! ,b\le cab9et1 probably design$ by ,b]a91 execut$ by ,b\le = ,l\is ,,xiv4 7illu/rat$ p4 #afe7 w\ld1 if put up = sale at ,*ri/ie's1 probably fet* ,l#ae1jjj4 ,?is piece is held to be gr&] 9 /yle ?an any 9 ! gall]ies 9 ,france4 ,at ! ,wallace ,collection !re are examples :i* w\ld br+ fabul\s sums if sold4 ,a cab9et by ,b\le1 9 ! ,jones ,beque/1 pur*as$ by ,mr4 ,jones = ,l#c1jjj 9 #ahha1 is n[ wor? ?ree times t sum4 ,^u ! build+1 decorat+1 & furni%+ ( ,v]sailles ,l\is ,,xiv4 sp5t ov] five hundr$ million francs1 9 addition to :i* !re 0 ! army ( workm5 liable to /atute lab\r4 ,"s tw5ty ?\s& m5 & six ?\s& horses 7 employ$ 9 #afhd at ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! *ateau & p>k4 ,9 ,may1 #afhe1 !re 7 no less ?an ?irty-six ?\s& employ$4 ,! illu/ri\s craftsm5 :o 7 employ$ ^u ! magnific5t arti/ic int]ior decorations h transmitt$ _! names to po/]ity4 ,b]a91 ,lepautre1 ,h5ri de ,gissey1 are ! be/ kn[n ( ! design]s4 ,among ! pa9t]s are ! names ( ,audran1 ,bapti/e1 ,j\v5et1 ,mign>d1 & ! be/ kn[n ( ! sculptors are ,c\/\ & ,van ,cleve4 ,( ! woodc>v]s1 metal-*as]s1 locksmi?s1 & gild]s ,pi]re ,taup91 ,ambroise ,duval1 ,delobel1 & ,goy are names ( speciali/s 9 _! own craft :o trans=m$ ,v]sailles f a royal hunt+-box into "o ( ! mo/ spl5did palaces 9 ,europe4 ,,rec5t ,,sale ,,prices4#a ,l s4 d4 ,commode1 ,l\is ,,xiv41 ( inlaid k+-wood1 ) two draw]s1 m\nt$ ) h&les & masks at ! corn]s ( *as$ ormolu1 & surm\nt$ by a fleur violette m>ble slab1 #eb 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,janu>y #bb1 #aijd #ca #aj #j ,%[-cab9et1 ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 design1 inlaid k+-wood1 ) glaz$ fold+ doors1 ormolu m\nts1 *as$ & surm\nt$ by vases1 #gc 94 high1 #df 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,april #ab1 #aijd #cj #i #j ,casket1 ,l\is ,,xiv41 black ,b\le1 inlaid ) ,cupids1 vases ( fl[]s & scrolls1 & fitt$ ) f\r tortoise%ell & gold picque %ell-%ap$ snuff boxes4 ,*ri/ie1 ,april #ai1 #aijd #gc #aj #j ,commode1 ,l\is ,,xiv41 ,b\le1 ( s>cophagus =m1 conta9+ two draw]s1 at ei!r corn]s are deta*$ cabriole legs1 ! v>i\s panels are inlaid ) brass & tortoise%ell1 ! :ole is m\nt$ ) ormolu1 surm\nt$ by a slab ( ve9$ m>ble1 #di 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,may #bg1 #aijd #eg #ae #j #a ,by ! k9dness ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur1 ^! items are reproduc$ f _! useful mon?ly publication1 ,auction ,sale ,prices4 ,,vii ,,fr5* ,,furniture4 ,,! ,,p]iod ,,( ,,l\is ,,xv ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,foley ,eassie4 ,,commode1 ,,by ,,cress5t4 7,f a draw+ by ,walt] ,eassie47 7,wallace ,collection47 ,,vii ,,fr5* ,,furniture4 ,,! ,,p]iod ,,( ,,l\is ,,xv ,l\is ,,xv4 #agae-aggd ,petit ,trianon built at ,v]sailles4 ,meissoni]1 ,director ( ,royal ,factories 7#agbc-aggd74 ,watteau 7#afhd-agba74 ,pat] 7#afie-agcf74 ,lancret 7#afij-agdc74 ,b\*] 7#agjd-aggj74 #agea4 ,! lead+ eb5i/es compell$ to /amp _! "w ) _! names4 ,l\is ,,xiv4 di$ 9 ! ye> foll[+ ! dea? ( ,que5 ,anne1 s t x w be readily se5 t ,engli% art 0 un9flu5c$ by ,france 9 ! days ( ,william & ,m>y1 & h[ insul> x _h become "u ,anne4 ,! ,engli% craftsman 0 n fir$ by new impulses f ,france dur+ su* an outbur/ ( decorative spl5d\r4 ,! reign ( ,l\is ,,xv4 ext5ds f ,george ,i4 d[n to ! elev5? ye> ( ! reign ( ,george ,,iii41 :i* ye> saw ! c>goes ( tea flung into ,bo/on h>b\r & ! beg9n+ ( ! w> ) ,am]ica4 ,9 glanc+ at ! ,l\is ,qu9ze /yle x w be obs]v$ h[ readily x dep>t$ f ! /udi$ magnific5ce ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,9 attempt+ elegance ( con/ruction & ! elim9ation ( mu* t 0 massive & cumb]some 9 ! =m] /yle1 x develop$ 9 its lat] days into mean+less ornam5t & trivial con/ruction4 ,at fir/ x possess$ consid]able grace1 b t[>ds ! end ( ! reign ! designs ran riot 9 rococo details1 display+ incongru\s decoration4 ,x 0 ! age ( ! elegant b\doir1 & ! b$room became a place = m intimate gue/s ?an ^? receiv$ 9 ! l>ge reception-room4 ,9 ! days ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ! b$ 0 a massive /ructure1 b 9 ! succe$+ reign x became an elegant app5dage to a room4 ,at ,v]sailles ! spl5did gall]ies ( magnific5t proportion 7 trans=m$ by ! ,duke ( ,orleans1 ,reg5t ( ,france 7#agae-agbc7 dur+ ! k+'s m9ority1 into small] salons cov]$ 9 wa9scot+1 pa9t$ :ite & ornam5t$ ) gild$ /atues4 ,9 l mann] ! ,l\is ,qu9ze decorations 7 ru?lessly de/roy$ by ,l\is-,philippe4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,w>+4 ,,l\is ,,xv4 ,,p>quet]y ,,commode4 ,) *as$ & bronze-gilt m\nts4 7,=m]ly 9 ! ,hamilton ,palace ,collection47 ,illu/ration3 ,,l\is ,,xv4 ,,commode4 ,,by ,,caffi]i4 ,! commode 9 ! ,wallace ,collection 7illu/rat$ p4 #aga7 is ( ! "t :5 ,l\is ,,xv4 0 9 8 m9ority1 & ( ! days ( ! ,reg5cy4 ,x is by ,*>les ,cress5t 7#afhe-agfh71 :o 0 cab9etmak] to ,philippe d',orleans1 ,reg5t ( ,france4 ,?is is an especially typical specim5 ( ! class to :i* x belongs z %[+ ! transition /yle betwe5 ,l\is ,,xiv4 & ! succe$+ reign4 ,to e/abli% ,l\is ! ,fifte5?'s petits app>tem5ts ! gall]y pa9t$ by ,mign>d 0 demoli%$1 & lat]1 9 #ageb1 ! ,ambassadors' ,/aircase 0 de/roy$1 ! ma/]piece ( ! ar*itects ,levau & ,dorbay1 & ! m>vel ( ,l\is ! ,f\rte5?'s ,v]sailles4 ,x is necess>y to be> ^! facts 9 m9d 9 ord] to see h[ a new ,fr5* mon>* set ru?lessly new fa%ions 9 furniture & creat$ a ta/e = 8 p]sonal /yle 9 art4 ,9 ! fir/ "p ( ! ,l\is ,qu9ze p]iod ! metal m\nt+s by ,caffi]i & ,cress5t are ( exquisite /yle2 !y are always ( excell5t workman%ip1 b lat] !y betray$ ! t5d5cy ( ! "t = fanta/ic curves1 :i* _h affect$ ! furniture to su* an ext5t t no /raight l9es 7 employ$1 & ! sides ( commodes & o!r pieces 7 swell$ into unwieldy proportions1 & in/ead ( symmetrical & h>moni\s results ! florid /yle1 kn[n z ! rococo1 *ok$ all t 0 beautiful 9 design4 ,meissoni]1 ,director ( ! ,royal ,factories 7#agbc-aggd71 0 ma9ly responsible = ?is unnatural developm5t4 ,he revell$ 9 elaborate comb9ations ( %ellwork & impossible foliage4 ,9 ! ,l\is ,,xv4 commodes illu/rat$ 7pp4 #agc1 #age7 x w be se5 h[ f> sup]ior is ! design & treatm5t ( ! "o :i* 0 =m]ly 9 ! celebrat$ ,hamilton ,collection4 ,its *as$ & gilt m\nts are h>moni\sly arrang$1 & ?\gh ! ornam5tation is sup]bly ri*1 x breaks no canons ( art by ov]load$ detail or co>se pr(usion4 ,n s mu* c be said = ! o!r commode ( ! rococo /yle1 ev5 ?\gh ! m\nts be by ,caffi]i & execut$ 9 ma/]ly mann]4 ,!re is a wanton ab&onm5t & an (f5sive tone 9 ! florid treatm5t :i* po9t cle>ly to ! decl9e ( ta/e 9 art4 ,! highe/ art ( concealm5t 0 n a prom95t feature 9 a ,c\rt :i* adopt$ its /yle f ! caprices ( ,madame du ,pompad\r or ! :ims ( ,madame du ,b>ry4 ,b among ! f9e/ productions are ! spl5did pieces ( retic5t cab9etmak+ by ! celebrat$ ,jean ,francois ,oeb51 :o came f ,holl&4 ,8 pref]5ce 0 = geometrical patt]ns1 v>i$ only ) ! sp>+ use ( fl[]s1 9 produc+ 8 mo/ delicate m>quetry4 ,9 ! pieces by ,b\le & o!rs1 n 9 tortoise%ell b 9 wood inlay1 ! wood 0 s display$ z to exhibit 9 ! panels ! gra9 radiat+ f ! c5tre4 ,oeb5 did n =get ?is pr9ciple1 & plac$ 8 b\quets ( fl[]s1 :51 on occasion1 he us$ !m1 9 ! c5tre ( 8 panels1 & fill$ up ! panel ) geometric design4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l\is ,,xv4 ,,escritoire ,a ,,toilette4 ,( tulip-wood & sycamore1 inlaid ) l&scapes 9 col\r$ woods4 ,=m]ly 9 ! possession ( ,que5 ,m>ie ,anto9ette4 7,jones ,beque/3 ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,! well-kn[n mak]1 ,*>les ,cress5t 7#afhe-agfh71 us$ rosewood1 violet1 & am>an? woods 9 8 m>quetry1 & at ?is "t _m new =eign woods 7 employ$ by ! cab9etmak]s 9 ,france & ,italy4 ,9 addition to woods ( a natural col\r1 x 0 ! practice artificially to col\r light woods1 & inlay "w 0 attempt$ 9 :i* trophies ( w>1 musical in/rum5ts1 or ! %eph]d's crook hung ) ribbon1 7 all work$ out 9 m>quetry4 ,pictures1 9 col\r$ woods1 9 imitation ( oil pa9t+s on canvas1 7 fooli%ly attempt$1 & altoge!r ! art ( inlay1 +5i\s & wond]ful 9 its con/ruction1 began to affect trivialities & surpris+ effects mo/ unsuit$ to ! range ( its te*nique4 ,9 ! toilet-table illu/rat$ 7p4 #agi71 ?is misapplication ( inlay to reproduce pictures is se5 on ! ?ree front panels & on ! middle panel above4 ,! *ief woods employ$ are tulip & sycamore1 inlaid ) t9t$ lime1 holly1 & *]ry-woods4 ,! m\nt+s ( ! table are *as$ ormolu4 ,! cyl9drical front encloses draw]s ) inlaid fronts4 ,b5ea? ?is is a slid+ %elf1 "u :i* is a draw] ) ?ree comp>tm5ts1 fitt$ ) toilet requisites & hav+ inlaid lids4 ,?is specim5 ( ,l\is ,qu9ze "w is 9 ! ,jones ,collection at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum4 ,x 0 =m]ly 9 ! possession ( ,que5 ,m>ie ,anto9ette4 ,x is attribut$ to ,oeb51 ?\gh f comp>ison ) "s ( ! *a/] "w kn[n to h come f 8 h& x w\ld seem to be ( too fanciful m>quetry = 8 re/ra9$ & sob] /yle4 ,x is especially true ( ! furniture ( ?is great ,fr5* p]iod t x requires h>moni\s surr\nd+s4 ,! slighte/ false t\* ?r[s ev]y?+ out ( balance at once4 ,( ?is fact ! inv5tors 7 well aw>e4 ,if ,dut* furniture requires ! quiet1 re/ful art ( ,cuyp or ,van d] ,ne]1 or ,metzu or ,jan ,/e5 on ! surr\nd+ walls1 ! int]iors ( ,l\is ,qu9ze dem& ! works ( contempor>y ,fr5* g5re-pa9t]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l\is ,,xv4 ,,secretaire4 ,by ,ries5]1 9 8 e>li] mann]4 ,,9 ,,transitional ,,/yle1 ,,approa*+ ,,l\is ,,seize ,,p]iod4 7,wallace ,collection47 ,all ?+s work$ toge!r to produce a h>moni\s ensemble 9 ?is brilliant p]iod4 ,! royal tape/ry & ,sevres porcela9 factories turn$ out _! mo/ beautiful productions to decorate rooms1 furniture1 & = ! table4 ,tape/ries f ,beauvais1 ,gobel9s1 & ,aubusson1 ri* silks f ! looms ( ,lyons1 or f ,lucca1 ,g5oa1 or ,v5ice 7 made = wall-hang+s1 = *air-backs1 = seats1 & = s(as4 ,fragon>d1 ,natoire1 & ,b\*] pa9t$ lunettes ov] *imney-fronts1 or panels ( ceil+s4 ,( great cab9etmak]s1 ,ries5] & ,david ,ro5tg51 pr9ces among eb5i/es1 work$ 9 wond]ful mann] 9 tulip-wood1 9 holly1 9 rosewood1 purple wood1 & laburnum to produce m>quetry1 ! l ( :i* has nev] be5 se5 be=e nor s9ce4 ,associat$ ) ! p]iod ( ,l\is ,,xv4 is ! love = ! lacqu]$ panel4 ,huyg5s1 a ,dut*man1 _h a*iev$ good results 9 imitations ( ,ori5tal lacqu]1 :i* 9 ,france1 "u ! h& ( ,m>t91 a c>riage-pa9t]1 born ab\t #agjf1 rivall$ ! importations f ,japan4 ,x is /at$ t ! secret ( ! f9e1 transp>5t lac poli% t he us$ 0 obta9$ f ! mission>ies :o resid$ 9 ,japan be=e ! date ( ! massacres & =eign expulsion ( all except ! ,dut* trad]s4 ,v]nis-,m>t91 z 8 v>ni% 0 t]m$1 became 9 g5]al reque/4 ,f #agdd = tw5ty ye>s1 ,sieur ,simon ,eti5ne ,m>t9 0 grant$ a monopoly to manufacture ?is lacqu]$ "w 9 ! ,ori5tal /yle4 ,al?\gh he decl>$ t 8 secret w\ld die ) him1 o!r memb]s ( 8 family cont9u$ ! /yle1 :i* 0 tak5 up by _m imitators 9 ! next reign4 ,8 v>ni% _h a peculi> limpid transp>5cy1 & he obta9$ ! wavy network ( gold gr\ndwork s successfully produc$ by ,japanese & ,*9ese craftsm54 ,on ?is 7 delicately pa9t$1 by ,b\*] & o!r arti/s1 ,arcadian subjects1 fram$ 9 rocaille /yle ) gold ?ickly laid on1 & s pure t 9 ! bronze gild+ & 9 ! woodwork x ma9ta9s its f9e lu/re to ! pres5t day4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,foley ,eassie4 ,,! ,,bureau ,,du ,,roi4 ,,! ,,ma/]piece ,,( ,,ries5]4 7,f a draw+ by ,walt] ,eassie47 7,wallace ,collection47 ,t[>ds ! close ( ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xv4 a new /yle set 91 :i* rev]t$ to simpl] ta/es1 to :i* ! "n ,a la re9e 0 giv51 9 def]5ce to ! ta/e :i* is suppos$ to h emanat$ f ,m>ie ,lecz9ska1 ! que51 b is said to h be5 due to ,madame du ,pompad\r4 ,at ! ,wallace ,collection is a f9e secretaire1 ) ! m\nts & ornam5ts ( gilt bronze ca/ & *as$1 :i* is illu/rat$ 7p4 #aha74 ,! c5tral panel ( m>quetry %[s1 9 life size1 a cock1 ) ! caduceus1 a snake1 a bann]1 & symbolical in/rum5ts4 ,x is by ,jean ,francois ,ries5]1 & 9 8 e>lie/ mann]1 made 9 ! lat] ye>s ( ,l\is ,qu9ze 9 ! ,transitional /yle approa*+ ! ,l\is ,seize p]iod4 ,among ! wond]ful creations ( ,ries5]1 probably 8 ma/]piece is ! celebrat$ ,bureau du ,roi1 begun 9 #agfj by ,oeb51 & complet$ 9 #agfi by ,ries5]--:o m>ri$ ! wid[ ( ,oeb51 by ! way4 ,its bronzes are by ,duplesis1 ,w9ant1 & ,h]vieux4 ,! design & details %[ ! transition betwe5 ! ,l\is ,qu9ze & ! ,l\is ,seize /yles4 ,! orig9al1 :i* is at ! ,l\vre1 is 9 m>quetry ( v>i\s col\r$ woods & adorn$ by plaques ( gilt bronze1 ca/ & *as$4 ,! copy f :i* our illu/ration is tak5 7p4 #ahc7 is 9 ! ,wallace ,collection1 & is by ,dasson1 & foll[s ! orig9al 9 proportions1 design1 & te*nique4 ,,rec5t ,,sale ,,prices4#a ,l s4 d4 ,table1 ,l\is ,,xv41 oblong1 ! legs are cabriole1 x conta9s "o draw] & a writ+-slide2 ar\nd ! sides are inlaid panels ( old ,japanese lacqu]1 ea* panel bord]$ by elaborate scrollwork ( *as$ ormolu1 sign$ ) ,b4 ,v4 ,r4 ,b41 surm\nt$ by a slab ( :ite m>ble1 #ci 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,decemb] #ah1 #aijc #aijj #j #j ,writ+-table1 ,l\is ,,xv41 m>quetry1 ) slid+ top & draw]1 fitt$ ) movable writ+ slab1 comp>tm5t = ink-vases1 c41 sign$ ,l4 ,d\d91 ,l\is ,,xv4 =m1 ) cabriole legs1 ! top decorat$ ) scrolls =m+ panels1 ! c5tre "o conta9+ a ,t5i]s figure subject1 p>quetry & inlays ( fl[]s r\nd ! sides1 corn] m\nts1 c41 ( ormolu1 ca/ & *as$1 #cj 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,m>* #ah1 #aijd #fcj #j #j ,c>tonni]e1 ,l\is ,,xv41 ( inlaid tulip-wood1 conta9+ a clock by ,palanson1 a ,p>is1 m\nt$ ) ,*9ese figures1 masks1 foliage & scrolls ( *as$ ormolu1 #dh 94 high1 #cf 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,april #bb1 #aijd #dji #aj #j ,secretaires1 pair1 ,l\is ,,xv41 small m>quetry1 ) fall-d[n front1 draw] above & door bel[1 inlaid ) bran*es ( fl[]s1 & m\nt$ ) *as$ ormolu1 surm\nt$ by :ite m>ble slabs1 #df 94 high1 #bb 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,april #bi1 #aijd #df #d #j ,cab9et1 ,l\is ,,xv41 p>quetry1 ) fold+ doors enclos+ draw]s1 m\nt$ ) ormolu1 surm\nt$ by a ,brescia m>ble slab1 #cj 94 high1 #dd 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,april #bi1 #aijd #ca #aj #j ,b]g]es1 pair ( ,l\is ,,xv41 corn]-%ap$1 ! frames ( c>v$ & gilt wood1 ! seats & backs cov]$ ) old ,beauvais tape/ry4 ,*ri/ie1 ,may #ah1 #aijd #dbj #j #j ,settee1 ,l\is ,,xv41 oblong1 ( c>v$ & gilt-wood1 cov]$ ) panels ( old ,beauvais tape/ry1 #c ft4 #h 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,may #ah1 #aijd #bca #j #j ,canape1 ,l\is ,,xv41 ( c>v$ & gilt wood1 ! bord]s c>v$ ) acan?us scrolls1 ! seat & back cov]$ ) old ,beauvais silk tape/ry1 decorat$1 #d ft4 #f 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,may #ah1 #aijd #dbj #j #j #a ,by ! k9dness ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur ^! items are giv5 f _! useful mon?ly publication1 ,auction ,sale ,prices4 ,,viii ,,fr5* ,,furniture4 ,,! ,,p]iod ,,( ,,l\is ,,xvi ,,viii ,,fr5* ,,furniture4 ,,! ,,p]iod ,,( ,,l\is ,,xvi ,l\is ,,xvi4 #aggd-agic4 #agcj-ahjf4 ,ries5]1 eb5i/e to ,m>ie ,anto9ette 7born ne> ,cologne74 #aghi4 ,comm5cem5t ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,! s-call$ ,l\is ,seize p]iod embraces mu* t is good f ! lat] days ( ! previ\s reign4 ,! same design]s 7 employ$ ) ! addition ( a few y\ng] m54 ,caffi]i & ,ries5] 7 produc+ excell5t "w1 & above all 0 ,g\?i]e1 ^: r5[n z a f\nd] & *as] ( gild$ bronze ornam5ts is unrivall$4 ,elegance & simplicity are aga9 ! prevail+ notes4 ,/raight l9es took ! place ( ! twi/$ contortions ( ! rococo /yle4 ,?9 scrolls1 g>l&s1 ribbons & knots1 classical cameo-%ap$ panels1 & ,sevres plaques =m ! *>act]i/ic ornam5tation4 ,! acan?us-leaf1 di/ort$ into unnatural proportions 9 ! middle ,l\is ,qu9ze p]iod1 return$ to its normal %ape1 ! egg-&-tongue m\ld+ came into use1 & ! delicacy ( ! laurel-leaf 0 employ$ 9 design 9 ,l\is ,seize decorations4 ,9 ! jewel cab9et illu/rat$ 7p4 #aic71 ! new /yle is %[n at its be/4 ,! cab9et is inlaid 9 rosewood & sycamore1 & be>s ! "n ( ,j4 ,h4 ,ries5] /amp$ on x4 ,! *as$ ormolu m\nts are by ,g\?i]e4 ,! geometrical inlay is a tradition :i* ,oeb5 left to 8 successors4 ,! upp] portion has a ris+ lid ) int]nal trays4 ,9 ! l[] "p is a draw] & a %elf4 ,?is piece is at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum 9 ! ,jones ,beque/1 & x is well wor? detail$ exam9ation z be+ a repres5tative specim5 ( ! mo/ arti/ic "w produc$ at ?is p]iod4 ,pi]re ,g\?i]e _h a complete ma/]y ov] 8 te*nique4 ,! e/imation ) :i* 8 "w is reg>d$ has made furniture :i* he m\nt$ br+ extraord9>y prices4 ,9 #ahhb1 at ! disp]sal ( ! celebrat$ ,hamilton ,palace ,collection1 ?ree specim5s ) 8 workman%ip realis$ ,l#cj1jjj4 ,! ,v]nis-,m>t9 panels 7 decorat$ by ,watteau & ,pat]4 ,! age ( artificialities ) its fetes-galantes 9 ! royal g>d5s ( ! ,luxemb\rg & 9 ! pleasure p>ks ( ! ,c\rt1 ) ! ill-/>r$ ,m>ie ,anto9ette play+ at %eph]ds & %eph]desses1 _h its influ5ce ^u art4 ,watteau employ$ 8 bru% to da9tily pa9t ! attitudes ( ,le ,lorgneur ^u a fan-m\nt1 or to depict elegantly dress$ noblem5 & ladies ( ! ,c\rt danc+ elaborate m9uets 9 sat9 %oes1 or fea/+ f exquisite ,sevres porcela9 di%es 9 ! damp corn] ( "s p>k or old *ateau4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l\is ,,xvi4 ,,jewel ,,cab9et4 ,inlaid 9 rose & sycamore woods4 ,/amp$ ,j4 ,h4 ,ries5]4 ,*as$ ,ormolu m\nt+s by ,g\?i]e4 7,jones ,beque/4 ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,! artificial pret5ce at ,arcadian simplicity adopt$ by ! ,que51 9 ! int]vals betwe5 h] att5dance at public bals-masque1 :5 %e almo/ wantonly outrag$ ! susceptibilities ( ! ,fr5* p by h] frivolities1 f\nd a m p]man5t =m 9 int]ior decorations4 ,ries5] & ,david design$ a great deal ( furniture = h]4 ,da9ty "w-tables & writ+-tables & o!r furniture ( an elegant description are pres]v$ 9 ! national collection 9 ! ,l\vre & at ,fonta9ebleau1 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum 9 ! ,jones ,beque/1 & 9 ! ,wallace ,collection4 ,tables ( ?is nature are mo/ eag]ly s\ght aft]4 ,a small table ) plaques ( porcela9 9 ! side panels1 :i* is said to h belong$ to ,m>ie ,anto9ette1 0 sold at ,*ri/ie's = ,l#f1jjj 7,hamilton ,collection74 ,!re is a simil> writ+-table 9 ! ,jones ,collection1 giv5 by ,m>ie ,anto9ette to ,mrs4 ,ed51 aft]w>ds ,lady ,auckl&4 ,dur+ ! p]iod "u ,l\is ,seize1 :5 ,fragon>d & ,natoire deftly pa9t$ ! panels ( rooms & fill$ ceil+s ) fly+ cupids & *a9s ( roses1 :5 ,b\*] 0 ,director ( ! ,academy1 ! int]ior ( rooms assum$ a b\doir-l appe>ance4 ,! walls 7 decorat$ 9 a s*eme ( col\r4 ,h&some flut$ pill>s ) f9e classic feel+ 7 ! framework ( panell+ pa9t$ 9 delicate & subdu$ tones4 ,oval mirrors1 avoid+ all massive con/ruction1 light5$ ! effect1 & mantelpieces ( :ite m>ble1 & furniture evid5tly design$ = use1 complet$ ! int]iors ( ! homes ( ! gr&s seigneurs4 ,sometimes ! walls 7 pa9t$1 giv+ a lu/r\s appe>ance resembl+ silk1 & ?is /yle is ! =]unn] ( ! mod]n abom9ation kn[n z wall-pap]4 ,be=e leav+ ?is p]iod ( ,fr5* furniture1 :5 s mu* m>quetry "w 0 done ( unsurpass$ beauty & ( unrivall$ te*nique1 a ^w may be said z to ! numb] ( woods us$4 ,oeb5 & ,ries5] & _! contempor>ies us$ _m =eign woods1 ( :i* ! names are unfamili>4 ,mr4 ,poll51 9 8 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum ,h&book to ,furniture & ,woodwork1 has giv5 ! names ( "s ( !m1 :i* are int]e/+ z %[+ ! numb] ( woods especially select$ = ?is arti/ic cab9etmak+4 ,tulip-wood is ! v>iety kn[n z ,liriod5dron tulipif]a4 ,rosewood 0 ext5sively us$1 & holly 7ilex aquifolium71 maple 7ac] campe/re71 laburnum 7cytisus ,alp9us71 & purple wood 7copaif]a pubiflora74 ,snake-wood 0 frequ5tly us$1 & o!r k9ds ( light-br[n wood 9 :i* ! natural gra9 is wav$ or curl$1 pres5t+ a pleasant appe>ance1 & obviat+ ! use ( m>quetry 7see ,woods us$1 p4 #bi74 ,9 ! great collections to :i* ref]5ce has be5 made1 9 well-kn[n pieces made by ,ries5] 8 "n is f\nd /amp$ on ! panel itself1 or sometimes on ! oak l9+4 ,! l>ge bureau 9 ! ,wallace ,collection 7,gall]y xvi41 ,no4 #ff7 is bo? sign$ & dat$ #bj? ,febru>y1 #agfi4 ,?is piece1 x is said1 0 ord]$ by ,/anislas ,lecz9ski1 ,k+ ( ,pol&1 & 0 once "o ( ! possessions ( ! ,cr[n ( ,france4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,w>+4 ,,l\is ,,xvi4 ,,ries5] ,,commode4 ,) reg>d to ! co/ ( pieces ( furniture by ! great ma/] eb5i/es1 x is on record t a secretaire :i* 0 exhibit$ at ,gore ,h\se 9 #ahec1 & made orig9ally = ,beaum>*ais by ,ries5]1 co/ #he1jjj francs1 a sum n mu* less ?an ,l#d1jjj4 ,celebrat$ copies h be5 made f ^! old models4 ,! fam\s cab9et ) m\nts by ,g\?i]e1 n[ 9 ! possession ( ! ,k+1 0 copi$ ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s ago = ! ,m>quis ( ,h]t=d1 by p]mission ( ,que5 ,victoria4 ,! piece took ye>s to complete1 & x is int]e/+ to h ! evid5ce ( its copyi/s t ! mo/ difficult p>ts to imitate 7 ! metal m\nts4 ,?is replica co/ "s ,l#c1jjj1 & is n[ 9 ! ,wallace ,collection4 ,! copy ( ! fam\s bureau or escritoire 9 ! ,l\vre1 kn[n z ! ,bureau de ,/4 ,cl\d1 0 made by p]mission ( ! ,emp]or ,napoleon ,,iii41 & co/ ,l#b1jjj4 ,ano!r copy ( ! same piece exhibit$ at ! ,fr5* ,int]national ,exhibition 0 sold = ,l#c1ejj to an ,engli% pe]ess4 ,_m f9e copies ( ,ries5]'s "w exi/1 & 9 ! illu/ration 7p4 #aig7 a copy is giv5 ( a h&some commode1 :i* exhibits 8 be/ /yle "u ! influ5ce ( 8 ma/]1 ,oeb54 ,,rec5t ,,sale ,,prices4#a ,l s4 d4 ,cab9ets1 pair ( ,l\is ,,xvi41 dw>f ebony1 ! panels inlaid ) black & gold lacqu]1 decorat$ ) birds & trees 9 ! ,*9ese ta/e1 m\nt$ ) foliage bord]s ( *as$ ormolu1 & surm\nt$ by ve9$ black m>ble slabs1 #de 94 high1 #ce 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,novemb] #bj1 #aijc #ci #ah #j ,suite ( ,l\is ,,xvi4 furniture1 ) flut$ bord]s & legs1 pa9t$ :ite & pale gre51 ! seats1 backs1 & arms cov]$ ) old ,beauvais tape/ry1 ) vases & fe/oons ( fl[]s & conv5tional arabesques 9 poly-*rome1 on :ite gr\nd 9 pale gre5 bord]s1 consi/+ ( an oblong settee1 #gb 94 wide1 eight fauteuils4 ,*ri/ie1 ,decemb] #ah1 #aijc #adgj #j #j ,secretaire1 ,l\is ,,xvi41 upright m>quetry1 ) fall-d[n front1 draw] above1 & fold+ doors bel[1 inlaid ) hunt+ trophies on trellis-patt]n gr\nd1 m\nt$ ) foliage1 friezes1 & corn] m\nts ( *as$ ormolu1 & surm\nt$ by a ,breccia m>ble slab1 /amp$ ,j4 ,/umpff4 #cae #j #j ,me41 #ef 94 high1 #dj 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,febru>y #ab1 #aijd ,commode1 en suite1 ) five draw]s1 #eh 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,febru>y #ab1 #aijd #gad #j #j ,"w-table1 ,l\is ,,xvi41 oval1 9 two ti]s1 ^u a tripod /&1 ) d\ble c&le bran*es above2 ! top ti] is compos$ ( a ,sevres plaque1 pa9t$ ) sprays ( roses2 ar\nd ?is is a gall]y ( *as$ ormolu2 ! second ti] is ( p>quetry1 ?is has also a balcony2 ! tripod base is ( mahogany1 ) m\nts ( ormolu1 ca/ & *as$2 ! nozzles = ! two c&les above are simil> 9 mat]ial & decoration1 wid? ( top ti]1 #ac 94 ,*ri/ie1 ,m>* #ah1 #aijd ,table1 ,l\is ,,xvi41 m>quetry1 sign$ ,n4 ,petit1 top inlaid ) musical trophy1 c41 m\nts1 c41 ( ormolu1 ca/ & *as$1 #cj 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,m>* #ah1 #aijd #ii #ae #j ,fauteuils1 pair1 ,l\is ,,xvi4 7/amp$ ,j4 ,legl>ti]71 tap]$ oblong backs & curv$ arms1 turn$ legs1 :ite & gilt1 cov]$ ) ,beauvais tape/ry1 ) subjects f ,fables de la ,fonta9e1 & o!r designs4 ,fla%man ,co41 ,dov]1 ,april #bf1 #aijd #ge #j #j ,console-table1 ,l\is ,,xvi41 c>v$ & pa9t$ wood1 ) flut$ legs & /ret*]s1 & op5 frieze 9 front1 surm\nt$ by a slab ( :ite m>ble1 #e ft4 #d 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,may #f1 #aijd #df #j #j ,commode1 ,l\is ,,xvi41 conta9+ ?ree draw]s1 9 front x is divid$ into ?ree rectangul> sunk panels ( p>quetry1 ea* bord]$ ) mahogany1 ) ormolu m\nts1 surm\nt$ by a slab ( fleur-de-pe*e m>ble1 #eg 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,may #bg1 #aijd #ceg #j #j ,commode1 ,l\is ,,xvi41 /amp$ ) ! "n ( ,j4 ,h4 ,reis5]1 ) tamb\r panels 9 front & draw]s at ! top2 x is *iefly compos$ ( mahogany1 ! c5tral panel inlaid 9 a col\r$ m>quetry2 on ei!r side1 & at ! ends1 are panels ( tulip-wood p>quet]y1 ! :ole is m\nt$ ) ormolu1 surm\nt$ by a slab ( ve9$ m>ble1 #cd 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,may #bg1 #aijd #caej #j #j #a ,by ! k9dness ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur ^! items are giv5 f _! useful mon?ly publication1 ,auction ,sale ,prices4 ,,ix ,,fr5* ,,furniture4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,empire ,,/yle ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,( ,,madame ,,recami]4 7,aft] ,david47 ,%[+ ,empire settee & foot/ool4 7,9 ! ,l\vre47 ,,ix ,,fr5* ,,furniture--,,! ,,fir/ ,,empire ,,/yle #aghi4 ,comm5cem5t ( ,fr5* ,revolution4 #agih4 ,napoleon's campaign 9 ,egypt4 #ahje4 ,napoleon prep>es to invade ,engl&2 ,battle ( ,trafalg>2 ,fr5* naval p[] de/roy$4 #ahjf4 ,napoleon issu$ ,b]l9 ,decree to de/roy trade ( ,engl&4 #ahab4 ,napoleon invad$ ,russia1 ) disa/r\s retreat f ,mosc[4 #ahad4 ,napoleon abdicat$4 #ahae4 ,well+ton defeat$ ,napoleon at ,wat]loo4 ,:5 ,l\is ,,xvi4 call$ toge!r ! ,/ates-,g5]al 9 #aghi1 :i* _h n met s9ce #afad1 ! fir/ /one 0 laid ( ! ,fr5* ,republic4 ,aft] ! k+ 0 behead$ 9 #agic1 ! ,reign ( ,t]ror foll[$1 dur+ :i* ! wilde/ lic5ce prevail$4 ,"u ! ,directory1 = f\r ye>s f #agie1 ! c\ntry settl$ d[n until ! rise ( ,napoleon ,bonap>te1 :o took ! gov]nm5t 9 8 own h&s ) ! title ( ,consul1 & 9 #ahjd call$ himself ,emp]or ( ! ,fr5*4 ,dur+ ! ,reign ( ,t]ror ! ru?less fury ( a nation "u mob-law did n sp>e ! mo/ beautiful objects ( art :i* 7 associat$ ) a hat$ ari/ocracy4 ,furniture especially suff]$1 & x is a matt] = wond]m5t t s mu* escap$ de/ruction4 ,mo/ ( ! furniture ( ! royal palaces 0 consign$ to ! spoliation ( ! ,black ,committee1 :o traffick$ 9 works ( great price1 & sold to =eign deal]s ! gems ( ,fr5* art = less ?an a qu>t] ( _! real value4 ,s wanton _h become ! de/ruction ( magnific5t furniture t ! ,conv5tion1 ) an eye on ! possibilities ( rais+ money 9 ! future1 ord]$ ! furniture to be safely /or$ 9 ! museums ( ,p>is4 ,aft] s great a social upheaval1 art 9 h] turn 0 subject$ to revolution>y notions4 ,m5 ca/ ab\t to f9d some?+ new4 ,art1 m ?an ev]1 attempt$ to absorb ! old classic _s4 ,! ,revolution 0 ! dea?bl[ to ,rococo ornam5t4 ,) ! classic influ5ces came ideas f ,egypt1 & ! excavations at ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii provid$ a fur!r s\rce ( design4 ,a detail ( a portion ( a tripod table f\nd at ,pompeii %[s ! nature ( ! beautiful furniture discov]$4 ,z e>ly z #agfc1 ,grimm wrote3 ,= "s ye>s pa/ we are beg9n+ to inquire = antique ornam5ts & =ms4 ,! int]ior & ext]ior decorations ( h\ses1 furniture1 mat]ials ( dress1 "w ( ! goldsmi?s1 all be> alike ! /amp ( ! ,greeks4 ,! fa%ion passes f ar*itecture to mill9]y2 our ladies h _! hair dress$ a la ,grecque4 ,a ,fr5* translation ( ,w9ckelmann appe>$ 9 #agfe1 & ,did]ot l5t 8 p[]ful aid 9 h]ald+ ! dawn ( ! revival ( ! antique long be=e ! curta9 w5t up on ! ev5ts ( #aghi4 ,p>is 9 ,revolution days assum$ ! atmosph]e ( anci5t ,rome4 ,*ildr5 7 giv5 ,greek & ,roman names4 ,classical ?+s got r mix$4 ,p call$ !mselves ,romans4 ,o!rs _h ,a!nian notions4 ,madame ,vigee-,lebrun gave s\p]s a la ,grecque4 ,madame ,lebrun 0 ,aspasia1 & ,m4 l',abbe ,b>!lemy1 9 a ,greek dress ) a laurel wrea? on 8 head1 recit$ a ,greek poem4 ,illu/ration3 ,,detail ,,( ,,tripod ,,table ,,f\nd ,,at ,,pompeii4 7,at ,naples ,museum47 ,^!1 among a ?\s& o!r signs ( ! extraord9>y _s ( classicism :i* possess$ ,france1 %[ h[ deep root$ _h become ! idea ( a mod]n ,republic t %\ld emulate ! fame ( ,a!ns & ( ,rome4 ,! ,fir/ ,consul fav\r$ ^! ideas1 & 8 portraits repres5t him ) a laurel wrea? ar\nd 8 head pos+ z a ,caes>4 ,illu/ration3 ,by k9d p]mission f ! collection ( ,dr4 ,sig]son1 ,dubl94 ,,s]vante4 ,m>ble top2 support$ on two ormolu legs elaborately *as$ ) figures ( ,isis4 ,panell$ at back ) glass mirror4 ,,fr5*2 ,,late ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury4 ,9 transition days be=e ! /yle kn[n z ,empire _h become fix$ !re is exhibit$ 9 art a feel+ :i* sugge/s ! delib]ate se>* aft] new =ms & new ideas4 ,to ?is p]iod belongs ! s]vante1 :i*1 by ! k9dness ( ,dr4 ,sig]son1 ( ,dubl91 is reproduc$ f 8 collection4 ,! claw-foot1 ! ram's head1 ! bay-leaf1 & a frequ5t use ( c>yatides & animal =ms1 is a common ornam5tation 9 furniture ( ! ,empire p]iod4 ,9 ?is specim5 ! two legs ( ormolu h ^! *>act]i/ics1 & x is noticeable t ! %ape ( ! leg & its details ( ornam5t be> a /rik+ resemblance to ! leg ( ! ,pompeiian table illu/rat$ 7p4 #bje74 ,b ! deities ( ,egypt h contribut$ a new feature 9 ! seat$ figure ( ! goddess ,isis4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jewel ,,cab9et ,,( ,,! ,,empress ,,m>ie ,,l\ise4 ,made on ! occasion ( h] m>riage ) ! ,emp]or ,napoleon ,bonap>te1 9 #ahaj4 7,at ,fonta9ebleau47 ,napoleon himself enc\rag$ ! classic _s :i* kill$ all memories ( an anci5 regime4 ,he w\ld h be5 pleas$ to see all ! relics ( ! =m] glories ( ,france demoli%$4 ,he _h at "o "t a project to rebuild ,v]sailles z a classic temple4 ,at ! height ( 8 spl5d\r he became ! patron ( ! f9e arts1 & attempt$ to leave 8 impression ^u art z he did ^u ev]y?+ else4 ,new furniture 0 design$ = ! ,imp]ial palaces4 ,ries5] 0 alive1 b x does n appe> t he took any "p 9 ! new creations4 ,david1 ! great ,fr5* pa9t]1 an ard5t ,republican1 0 won ov] to become a ,c\rt pa9t]4 ,at ,malmaison & at ,fonta9ebleau !re are _m f9e examples ( ! ,fir/ ,empire p]iod :i*1 h[ev]1 _c be reg>d$ z ! mo/ arti/ic 9 ,fr5* furniture4 ,pres]v$ at ,fonta9ebleau is ! jewel cab9et1 made by ,?omire & ,odiot1 at ! ,emp]or's ord]s z a w$d+ gift1 9 #ahaj1 to ! ,empress ,m>ie ,l\ise1 9 emulation ( ! celebrat$ ,ries5] cab9et at ! ,trianon4 ,! wood us$ = ?is1 & = mo/ ( ! ,empire cab9ets1 is ri* mahogany1 :i* af=ds a spl5did gr\nd = ! bronze gilt m\nts 7see p4 #bjg74 ,! portrait ( ,madame ,recami]1 by ,david1 :i* is 9 ! ,l\vre1 giv5 z headpiece to ?is *apt]1 %[s ! sev]e /yle ( furniture 9 use at ! z5i? ( ! ,empire p]iod4 ,! c\* foll[s classic models1 & ! tall c&elabrum is a sugge/ion f ,h]culaneum models4 ,! influ5ce t ?is classic revival _h ^u furniture 9 ?is c\ntry is told 9 a subsequ5t *apt]4 ,9 reg>d to co/ume1 ! g[ns ( ! ,fir/ ,empire p]iod h become q fa%ionable 9 rec5t ye>s4 ,al?\gh ?is /yle ( furniture deg5]at$ into commonplace designs ) affect$ly h>d outl9es1 x _h a consid]able vogue4 ,9 addition to ! influ5ce x _h ^u ! bro!rs ,adam & ^u ,%]aton1 x left its trace on ,engli% furniture up till ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! *air illu/rat$ 7p4 #baj7 is ab\t ! ye> #ahjj 9 date4 ,!re is presumptive evid5ce t ?is *air 0 made 9 ,bombay aft] ,european design4 ,x is ( rosewood1 c>v$ 9 relief ) honeysuckle & floral design4 ,! scroll$ ends ( ! top rail %[ at once its ,fr5* d]ivation4 ,9 ! national collections 9 ?is c\ntry !re are v few specim5s ( ,empire furniture4 ,! ,duke ( ,well+ton has "s f9e examples at ,apsley ,h\se1 treasur$ relics ( its hi/oric associations ) ! victor ( ,wat]loo4 ,! dem& 9 ,france1 = furniture ( ! ,fir/ ,empire /yle has 9 all probability d5ud$ ! op5 m>ket ( _m f9e specim5s4 ,ow+ to ! fact t ?is c\ntry 0 at w> ) ,france :5 ! /yle 0 at its height1 ! numb] ( ,empire pieces import$ 0 v limit$1 nor does ,fir/ ,empire furniture seem to h greatly captivat$ ! ta/e ( ,engli% collectors1 z among ! records ( sales ( furniture by public auction v little has come "u ! hamm]4 ,illu/ration3 ,by k9d p]mission ( ! ,rev4 ,h4 ,v4 ,le ,bas4 ,,arm*air1 ,,rosewood4 ,c>v$ 9 relief ) honeysuckle patt]n ,=m]ly 9 possession ( ! ,duke ( ,newca/le4 ,,engli%2 ,,late ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury4 ,x ,,*ipp5dale ,,& ,,8 ,,/yle ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur4 ,,table ,,made ,,by ,,*ipp5dale4 7,height1 #bi-c_/h 942 wid?1 #cb-c_/h 942 dep?1 #ba-e_/h 947 ,x ,,*ipp5dale ,,& ,,8 ,,/yle ,george ,i4 #agad-agbg4 ,george ,,ii4 #agbg-agfj4 ,george ,,iii4 #agfj-ahbj4 ,horace ,walpole built ,/rawb]ry ,hill 7#agej7 ,sir ,william ,*amb]s 7#agbf-agif7 built ,pagoda at ,kew ab\t #agfj4 ,*ipp5dale's ,director publi%$ 7#aged74 ,?omas ,*ipp5dale1 ! ma/] cab9etmak] ( ,/4 ,m>t9's ,lane1 has left a "n :i*1 l t ( ,b\le1 has become a trade t]m to m>k a c]ta9 /yle 9 furniture4 ,) ! dawn ( ! age ( mahogany1 ,*ipp5dale produc$ designs t 7 especially adapt$ to ! new wood2 he reli$ solely ^u ! delicate c>v+ = ornam5t1 & reject$ all inlay4 ,discov]$ by ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh1 :o br\ght specim5s home ) him1 mahogany did n come into g5]al use till ab\t #agbj4 ,! mat]ial !n us$ by ,*ipp5dale & 8 s*ool 0 ! spl5did mahogany f ! great unt\*$ =e/s1 produc+ at t "t timb] ! l ( :i*1 9 dim5sion & 9 quality1 is n[ unprocurable4 ,! *eap] ,honduras /uff 0 !n unkn[n1 & ,engli% crews l&$ & cut timb] f ! ,spani% possessions 9 spite ( ! prote/s ( ! own]s4 ,_m a /iff fight occurr$1 & _m lives 7 lo/ 9 %ipp+ ?is /ol5 mahogany to ,engl& to supply ! dem& = furniture4 ,^! nef>i\s proce$+s m ?an once ?reat5$ to br+ ab\t w> betwe5 ,engl& & ,spa94 ,! furniture ( ,france1 dur+ ! f\r great p]iods treat$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]s1 0 design$ = ! use ( ! nobility4 ,"o wond]s :at furniture 0 9 common use by ! peasantry 9 ,france4 ,9 ,engl&1 too1 mu* ( ! furniture left = ! exam9ation ( po/]ity 0 made = ! use ( ! weal?y classes4 ,9 ,jacobean days1 settles & *airs1 especially ! ,york%ire & ,d]by%ire types1 7 9 m common use1 & ! homely pieces ( ,que5 ,anne sugge/ less luxuri\s surr\nd+s1 b x 0 left = ,*ipp5dale to impress 8 ta/e ^u all classes4 ,9 ! title-page ( 8 great "w1 ! ,director1 publi%$ 9 #aged1 he says t 8 designs are calculat$ to improve & ref9e ! pres5t ta/e1 & suit$ to ! fancy & circum/ances ( p]sons 9 all degrees ( life4 ,illu/ration3 ,,oliv] ,,goldsmi?',s ,,*air4 ,wood1 pa9t$ gre51 ) circul> seat1 c>v$ arms1 & high back4 ,bequea!d by ,oliv] ,goldsmi? 9 #aggd to 8 fri5d1 ,dr4 ,hawes4 7,be?nal ,gre5 ,museum47 ,8 book ( designs1 z may naturally be suppos$1 0 n greatly b\ght by ! work+ classes1 b fifte5 copies ( ! ,director w5t to ,york%ire1 & _m o!r copies 7 subscrib$ = 9 o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 s t local cab9etmak]s began at once to fa%ion _! furniture aft] 8 /yles4 ,! common =m ( *air at ! "t 0 simil> to ! specim5 illu/rat$ 7p4 #bae71 :i* =m]ly belong$ to ,oliv] ,goldsmi?1 & 0 bequea!d by him to 8 fri5d1 ,dr4 ,hawes4 ,?is is ( s(t wood1 probably bee*1 pa9t$ gre51 ) circul> seat1 curv$ arms1 & high back4 ,*ipp5dale revolutionis$ ?is in>ti/ic /yle1 & = ! fir/ "t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! manufacture ( furniture 9 ,engl&1 cont95tal mak]s turn$ _! eyes to ?is c\ntry 9 admiration ( ! /yle 9 vogue "h1 & 9 se>* ( new designs4 ,x might appe>1 on a ha/y glance at "s ( ,*ipp5dale's "w1 t orig9ality 0 n 8 /rong po9t4 ,8 claw-&-ball feet 7 n 8 own1 & he borr[$ !m & ! wide1 spaci\s seats ( 8 *airs f ! ,dut*1 or f e>li] ,engli% furniture "u ,dut* influ5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur4 ,,*ipp5dale ,,settee2 ,,walnut4 ,,ab\t #agdj4 7,f ! collection ( ,sir ,w4 ,e4 ,welby-,gregory1 ,b>t47 ,sir ,william ,*amb]s1 ! ar*itect ( ,som]set ,h\se1 ^: fondness = ,*9ese ornam5t produc$ q a craze1 & :o built ! ,pagoda 9 ,kew ,g>d5s1 gave ,*ipp5dale ano!r s\rce ( inspiration4 ,9 8 lat] days he came "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,go?ic revival & 0 tempt$ to misuse ,go?ic ornam5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur4 ,,*ipp5dale ,,settee1 ,,oak4 ,,ab\t #agdj4 7,by c\rtesy ( ,v4 ,j4 ,rob9son1 ,esq41 ,c4,i4,e47 ,8 second /yle %[s ! ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,fr5* decoration 9 subjection4 ,9 8 ribbon-back *airs he employ$ ! ,l\is ,,xvi4 ornam5tation4 ,b ,*ipp5dale 0 ! mo/ ma/]ly adapt] t ,engl& has ev] produc$4 ,8 adaptions became orig9al "u 8 h&1 & 8 creations are /urdy & robu/1 temp]$ by ,fr5* subtleties1 & hav+1 "h & !re1 z 9 ! fretwork 9 ! *air-legs & angles1 a sugge/ion ( ! ,ea/4 ,he is ! pr9ce ( *air-mak]s4 ,8 *airs are nev] unsymmetrical4 ,he knew ! exact proportion ( ornam5t t ! /ructure w\ld gracefully be>4 ,! splats 9 ! *airs he made himself are ( su* accurate dim5sions 9 relation to ! op5 spaces on ea* side t ?is t\* alone betrays ! h& ( ! ma/]1 :i* is abs5t 9 ! imitations ( 8 foll[]s4 ,! illu/ration giv5 ( ! ,*ipp5dale table 9 ,*9ese /yle 7p4 #bac71 is a beautiful & p]fect piece ( a type r>ely met )4 ,x 0 made by ,*ipp5dale = ! great-gr&mo!r ( ! pres5t own]4 ,a simil> table 0 9 ! possession ( ! ,pr9cess ,joseph9e4 ,9 *airs1 ! back 0 sometimes ( fret-cut "w1 z 0 also ! design ( ! legs1 ) fretwork 9 ! angles1 :i* betray 8 fondness = ! ,*9ese models4 ,! ,go?ic /yle influ5c$ ,*ipp5dale only to a slight degree4 ,horace ,walpole at ,/rawb]ry ,hill set ! fa%ion 9 ,engl&1 :i* =tunately 0 %ort-liv$4 ,collectors divide ,*ipp5dale's "w into ?ree p]iods4 ,to ! fir/ !y assign ! m solid *airs or settees ) cabriole legs & ,l\is ,,xiv4 ornam5t1 h>moni\sly bl5d$ ) ,que5 ,anne /yle4 ,^! *airs & settees are (t5 f\nd ) claw-&-ball feet1 & are frequ5tly ( walnut4 ,two f9e examples ( settees1 ! "o ( oak1 ! o!r ( walnut1 are illu/rat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ribbon ,,patt]n4 ,,*ipp5dale ,,*air-,,back4 7,f ! ,director47 ,! second p]iod embraces ! f9e creations :i* h ! celebrat$ ,l\is ,,xvi4 ribbon ornam5tation 9 ! backs4 ,f "o ( ! designs 9 ,*ipp5dale's book1 "h illu/rat$1 ! elegance ( ! /yle is %[n4 ,x is exub]ant en\gh1 b ! au?or compla9s 9 8 volume t ,9 execut+ _m ( ^! draw+s1 my p5cil has b fa9tly c>v$ out ^? images my fancy sugge/$2 b 9 ?is failure ,i console myself by reflect+ t ! greate/ ma/]s ( e art h lab\r$ "u ! same difficulties4 ,! ribbon-back$ *air illu/rat$ 7p4 #bbc7 is "o ( ! two giv5 to an ance/or ( ! pres5t own] by ! f\r? ,duke ( ,m>lbor\gh 9 #agij4 ,!y 7 =m]ly at ,bl5heim1 & !re is an add$ int]e/ 9 !m ow+ to ! fact t ! seats 7 work$ by ,s>ah1 ! great ,du*ess ( ,m>lbor\gh4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur4 ,,ribbon-,,back$ ,,*ipp5dale ,,*air1 ,,=m]ly ,,at ,,bl5heim1 ,,! ,,seat ,,work$ ,,by ,,s>ah1 ,,du*ess ,,( ,,m>lbor\gh4 ,! late/ /yle ( ,*ipp5dale's "w is ! ,go?ic4 ,!re are _m pieces 9 exi/5ce :i* he probably _h to produce to satisfy ! ta/e ( 8 fa%ionable cli5ts1 b ! /yle is atroci\s1 & ! less said ab\t !m ! bett]4 ,! illu/ration 7p4 #bbe7 ( a *air-back f 8 design-book %[s h[ (f5sive x c\ld be4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur4 ,,*ipp5dale ,,corn] ,,*air1 ,,ab\t #aghj4 7,reproduc$ by k9dness ( ! ,hon4 ,sir ,sp5c] ,ponsonby-,fane1 ,g4,c4,b41 ,i4,s4,o47 ,! f9e corn]-*air1 "h illu/rat$1 exhibits ! /r5g? & solidity he c\ld imp>t to 8 "w4 ,8 *airs 7 meant to sit ^u1 & are ( excell5t c>p5try4 ,! squ>e1 /raight legs are a feature ( mu* ( 8 "w4 ,! examples belong+ to ! ,india ,(fice & ! ,gov]nors ( ! ,*>t]h\se illu/rat$ 7pp4 #bbf1 #bbg7 %[ ! type t he made 8 own & ) :i* 8 "n has be5 associat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,go?ic ,,*ipp5dale ,,*air-,,back4 7,f ! ,director47 ,al?\gh 8 *airs are s\ght aft] z especially beautiful 9 design 78 fa!r 0 a mak] ( *airs be=e him7 he made _m o!r objects ( furniture4 ,! mirrors he design$ are exquisite examples ( f9e woodc>v+4 ,! "o illu/rat$ 7p4 #bbi7 %[s ! ma/]y he _h ov] graceful outl9e4 ,bureau bookcases ) drop-d[n fronts h be5 successfully produc$ s9ce 8 day aft] 8 models4 ,! "o illu/rat$ 7p4 #bca7 %[s a secret draw]1 :i* is rea*$ by remov+ ! left-h& panel4 ,c>d-tables1 settees1 knife-boxes1 tea-caddies1 sidebo>ds1 & ov]mantles 7 made by him1 :i* %[ by _! div]sity ( te*nique t !re 0 m ?an "o pair ( h&s at "w 9 c>ry+ out 8 designs4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur4 ,,mahogany ,,*ipp5dale ,,*air4 ,,ab\t #agdj4 7,prop]ty ( ! ,india ,(fice47 ,! collect+ ( ,*ipp5dale furniture has become s fa%ionable ( late ye>s t g5u9e old pieces are difficult to procure4 ,x is true t two old *airs 7 discov]$ 9 a workh\se la/ ye>1 b :5 specim5s come into ! m>ket !y usually br+ l>ge prices4 ,two elb[ /ate-*airs1 ) op5work backs1 7 sold a little :ile ago = sev5 hundr$ & eighty gu9eas1 & a set ( six small *airs br\ght n9ety-?ree gu9eas ab\t ! same "t4 ,b ev5 ?is is n ! top price rea*$1 = two *airs at ,*ri/ie's realis$ elev5 hundr$ p\nds6 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur4 ,,mahogany ,,*ipp5dale ,,*air4 #aggj4 7,by p]mission ( ! ,ma/] ( ! ,*>t]h\se47 ,*ipp5dale1 ! %opkeep]1 ( ,/ ,m>t9's ,lane1 :o took ord]s = furniture1 :i* he or 8 sons1 or workm5 "u _! direct sup]vision1 execut$1 0 "o p]son1 & ,*ipp5dale1 :o _h qu>rell$ ) ! ,society ( ,uphol/]]s1 & publi%$ a book ( designs on 8 own acc\nt1 :i* quickly ran ?r\gh ?ree editions1 0 ano!r p]son4 ,9 ! "o case he 0 a furniture mak] ^: pieces br+ enorm\s prices4 ,9 ! o!r he 0 ! pione] ( popul> ta/e & high-prie/ to ! cab9etmak]s scatt]$ up & d[n ,engl&1 :o quickly realis$ ! possibilities ( 8 /yle1 & rapidly produc$ good "w on 8 l9es4 ,^! pieces are by unkn[n m51 & no d\bt mu* ( _! "w has be5 accr$it$ to ,*ipp5dale himself4 ,! illu/ration 7p4 #bcb7 %[s a mahogany *air well con/ruct$1 ( a "t contempor>y ) ,*ipp5dale & made by "s small] mak]4 ,?is type ( *air has be5 copi$ ov] & ov] aga9 till x has become a recognis$ patt]n4 ,x f9ds its c\nt]p>t 9 *9a 9 ! old will[-patt]n1 :i* orig9at$ at ,coalport & has be5 adopt$ z a /ock design4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur4 ,,*ipp5dale ,,mirror4 ,furniture is n l silv]1 :]e ! m>k ( ! mak] 0 almo/ z obligatory z ! hall m>k4 ,arti/s1 bo? great & small1 h sign$ _! pictures1 & 9 ! glori\s days ( ! great ,fr5* eb5i/es & metal-*as]s1 sign$ "w is frequ5tly f\nd4 ,b 9 ,engl&1 at a "t :5 furniture ( excell5t design1 ( orig9al conception1 & ( ?or\ghly good workman%ip 0 produc$ 9 great quantities1 ! only surviv+ names are ^? ( design]s or cab9etmak]s :o h publi%$ books4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,h>old ,g4 ,lanca/] ,co4 ,,*ipp5dale ,,bureau ,,bookcase4 ,) drop-d[n front1 %[+ secret draw]4 ,s great 0 ! influ5ce ( ! /yle ( ,*ipp5dale t x p]meat$ all classes ( society4 ,an int]e/+ engrav+ by ,/o?>d 7p4 #bce7 %[s ! int]ior ( a room1 & is dat$ #aghb1 ! ye> t ,rodney ga9$ a spl5did victory ov] ! ,fr5* fleet 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 & ! ye> t saw ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates recognis$4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,h>old ,g4 ,lanca/] ,co4 ,,mahogany ,,*air4 ,,9 ,,! ,,*ipp5dale ,,/yle4 ,,late ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cottage ,,*airs1 ,,bee*wood4 ,,late ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury1 ,,9 ,,/yle ,,( ,,*ipp5dale4 ,kit*5 furniture or cottage furniture 0 made on ! same l9es by mak]s all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,! wood us$ 0 n mahogany2 x 0 mo/ frequ5tly bee*4 ,*airs ( ?is make are n museum examples1 b !y are n devoid ( a /rong arti/ic feel+1 & are especially ,engli% 9 "*4 ,m (t5 ?an n ! s(t wood ( ?is class ( *air is f\nd to be badly worm-eat54 ,two *airs ( ?is type1 ( bee*1 are illu/rat$ 7p4 #bcc71 & x is int]e/+ to note t1 z 9 ! in/ance ( ! ,york%ire & ,d]by%ire *airs ( ,jacobean days made by local mak]s1 x is n common to f9d _m ( exactly ! same design4 ,! craftsman gave a p]sonal "* to 8 h&iwork1 :i* makes su* pieces ( orig9al & arti/ic int]e/1 & cab9etmak+ & jo9]y 0 n !n s ma*9e-made z x is n[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,room1 ,,ab\t #aghb4 7,f engrav+ aft] ,/o?>d47 ,x may be "h rem>k$ t ! e>li] pieces ( ! eighte5? c5tury 7 poli%$ mu* 9 ! same mann] z 0 old oak previ\sly describ$4 ,highly poli%$ surfaces & v5e]s1 & t abom9ation ,fr5* poli%1 :i* is a *eap & na/y me?od ( disguis+ poor wood1 br+ furniture )9 ! e>ly n9ete5?-c5tury days1 :5 a wave ( ,phili/9e banalities swept ov] ,europe4 ,,rec5t ,,sale ,,prices4#a ,l s4 d4 ,side table1 ,*ipp5dale1 ) gadroon$ bord]1 ! front boldly c>v$ ) a grotesque mask1 fe/oons ( fl[]s & foliage1 on c>v$ legs ) claw feet1 #fd 94 long4 ,*ri/ie1 ,febru>y #ad1 #aijb #abf #j #j ,tea-caddy1 ,*ipp5dale mahogany1 squ>e1 ) f\r divisions1 ! bord]s c>v$ ) rosettes & int]lac$ rib& ornam5t1 ! sides inlaid ) f\r old ,worce/] oblong plaques pa9t$ ) exotic birds1 insects1 fruit1 fl[]s1 & fe/oons 9 col\rs on :ite gr\nd1 #aj 94 squ>e4 ,*ri/ie1 ,febru>y #f1 #aijc #eb #aj #j ,fire-scre51 ,*ipp5dale mahogany1 conta9+ a panel ( old ,engli% petit-po9t ne$lework1 work$ ) a basket ( fl[]s 9 col\r$ silks1 on pill> & tripod c>v$ ) foliage & ball-&-claw feet4 ,*ri/ie1 ,decemb] #d1 #aijc #ag #ag #j ,arm*airs1 pair l>ge ,*ipp5dale mahogany1 ) int]lac$ backs c>v$ ) foliage1 ! arms t]m9at+ 9 c>v$ & gilt eagles' heads4 ,*ri/ie1 ,janu>y #bb1 #aijd #hh #d #j ,cab9et1 ,*ipp5dale mahogany1 ) glaz$ fold+ doors enclos+ %elves1 & ) cupbo>ds & eight small draw]s bel[1 ! bord]s flut$1 #h ft4 high1 #h ft4 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,janu>y #bb1 #aijd #fg #d #j ,*airs1 set ( six ,*ipp5dale mahogany1 ) op5 int]lac$ backs1 ) scroll tops1 c>v$ ) foliage & %ell ornam5t1 on c>v$ cabriole legs & ball-&-claw feet4 ,*ri/ie1 ,janu>y #bb1 #aijd #ajb #ah #j ,table1 ,*ipp5dale1 oblong1 cabriole legs1 c>v$ ) %ells1 c41 on claw feet1 surm\nt$ by a ve9$ :ite m>ble slab1 #ec 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,m>* #d1 #aijd #gc #j #j ,settee1 ,*ipp5dale mahogany1 ) d\ble back ) scroll top1 c>v$ ) arabesque foliage1 ! arms t]m9at+ 9 masks1 on legs c>v$ ) lions' masks & claw feet1 #ed 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,april #ab1 #aijd #bgh #e #j ,mirror1 ,*ipp5dale1 c>v$ ) gilt1 #hh 94 high1 #ej 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,may #ah1 #aijd #id #aj #j #a ,by ! k9dness ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur ^! items are giv5 f _! useful mon?ly publication ,auction ,sale ,prices4 ,,xi ,,%]aton1 ,,adam1 ,,& ,,heppel:ite ,,/yles ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,h>old ,g4 ,lanca/] ,co4 ,,heppel:ite ,,settee1 ,,mahogany4 ,,xi ,,%]aton1 ,,adam1 ,,& ,,heppel:ite ,,/yles ,rob]t ,adam #agbh-agib4 ,?omas ,%]aton #agea-ahjf4 #ageb4 ,lo* & ,copel&'s designs publi%$4 #agfe4 ,manw>+'s designs publi%$4 #aggj4 ,ince & ,mayhew's designs publi%$4 #aghh4 ,heppel:ite's designs publi%$4 ,9 ! popul> conception ( ! furniture ( ! ?ree ,georges ! hon\rs are divid$ betwe5 ,*ipp5dale & ,%]aton4 ,up till rec5tly all t 0 n ,*ipp5dale 0 ,%]aton1 & all t 0 n ,%]aton mu/ be ,*ipp5dale4 ,! "o is repres5t$ by ! /raight-legg$ mahogany *airs or cabriole legs ) claw-&-ball feet & ! backs elaborately c>v$2 ! o!r ) f9ely tap]$ legs1 built on elegant l9es1 & ( sat9wood1 hav+ m>quetry decoration or pa9t$ panels4 ,?is is ! r\gh g5]alisation t obta9$ 9 ! e>li] days ( ! craze = collect+ eighte5?-c5tury furniture4 ,heppel:ite & ,adam 7m (t5 ?an n allud$ to z ,adams71 are n[ add$ to ! li/1 & auction catalogues attempt to diff]5tiate accord+ly4 ,b ^! f\r names d n repres5t a qu>t] ( ! well-kn[n mak]s :o 7 produc+ good furniture 9 ! days betwe5 ! ,s\? ,sea ,bubble 9 #agbj & ! battle ( ,wat]loo 9 #ahae4 ,9 ?is *apt] x w be impossible to give m ?an a pass+ allusion to ! less-kn[n mak]s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 b to ^? :o wi% to pursue ! matt] 9 m detail$ mann] ! ,bibliography annex$ 7p4 #ai7 gives ample mat]ial = a clos] /udy ( ! p]iod4 ,! f\r bro!rs ,adam1 sons ( a well-kn[n ,scotti% ar*itect1 7 expon5ts ( ! classic /yle4 ,rob]t ,adam 0 ! ar*itect ( ! f9e h\ses 9 ! ,adelphi1 & he design$ ! scre5 & gateway at ! entrance to ! ,admiralty 9 #ageh4 ,james is cr$it$ ) ! design+ ( int]ior decorations & furniture4 ,c>riages1 s$an-*airs1 & ev5 plate 7 among/ ! arti/ic objects to :i* ^! bro!rs gave _! /amp4 ,! classical capitals1 m\ld+s & ni*es1 ! %ell flut+s & ! light g>l&s 9 ! ,adam /yle1 are welcome sights 9 _m o!rwise dre>y /reets 9 ,london4 ,rob]t1 ! elde/ bro!r1 liv$ f #agbh to #agib1 & dur+ t "t ex]cis$ a great influ5ce on ,engli% art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%]aton ,,arm*air2 ,,mahogany1 ,,ab\t #aghj4 ,,adam ,,arm*air2 ,,mahogany1 ,,ab\t #agij4 ,,arm*air ,,( ,,walnut1 ,,%ield-,,back ,,c>v$ ,,) ,,?ree ,,o/ri* ,,fea!rs4 ,,9 ,,heppel:ite ,,/yle4 ,,late ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury4 ,,*air ,,( ,,walnut1 ,,%ield-,,back2 ,,9 ,,! ,,/yle ,,( ,,heppel:ite4 ,,late ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury4 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,9 #agij1 a set ( designs ( ,engli% furniture 7 publi%$ by ,a4 ,heppel:ite4 ,9 ^! *airs ) pi]c$ backs1 bookcases ) fancifully fram$ glass doors1 & mahogany bureaux1 ! influ5ce ( ,*ipp5dale is evid5t1 b ! robu/ness ( ! ma/] & ! individuality ( 8 /yle become trans=m$ into a light] & m elegant fa%ion1 to :i* ,fr5* f9esse & ! ,adam _s h contribut$ _! influ5ce4 ,9 ! illu/ration 7p4 #bdc7 v>i\s types ( *airs ( ! p]iod are giv54 ,a *air t]m$ ! ladd]-back 0 9 use 9 ,france at ! same "t4 ,9 ,*>d9's celebrat$ picture ( ,le jeu de l'oye1 %[+ ! int]ior ( a p>l\r ( ! middle eighte5? c5tury1 a *air ( ?is type is %[n4 ,! ,heppel:ite settee illu/rat$ z ! headpiece to ?is *apt] %[s ! delicate flut+ 9 ! woodwork1 & ! elaborat$ turn$ legs :i* 7 beg9n+ to be fa%ionable at ! close ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! two *airs by ,heppel:ite ,co41 illu/rat$ 7p4 #bdc71 are typical examples ( ! elegance ( ! /yle :i* has an individuality ( its own--a fact t collectors are beg9n+ to recognise4 ,! %ield-back *air ) :eat-e> & op5work decoration1 & legs 9 :i* ! la! has be5 freely us$1 are *>act]i/ic types4 ,! elegance ( ! legs 9 ,heppel:ite *airs is especially noticeable4 ,! design]s dep>t$ f ,*ipp5dale ) results exquisitely symmetrical1 & ( mo/ graceful ornam5tation4 ,hog>?1 9 8 bit+ satires on ! absurdities ( ,k5t1 ! ar*itect1 pa9t]1 sculptor1 & ornam5tal g>d5]1 ^: claims to be any "o ( ! f\r re/ on sl5d] f\ndations1 did n prev5t fa%ionable ladies consult+ him = designs = furniture1 picture frames1 *airs1 tables1 = cradles1 = silv] plate1 & ev5 = ! con/ruction ( a b>ge4 ,x is record$ by ,walpole t two great ladies :o implor$ him to design bir?day g[ns = !m 7 deck$ out 9 incongru\s devices3 ! "o he dress$ 9 a petticoat decorat$ 9 columns ( ! five ord]s1 & ! o!r l a bronze1 9 a copp]-col\r$ sat91 ) ornam5ts ( gold4 ,heppel:ite le>n$ ! lesson ( ,hog>?1 t ! l9e ( beauty is a curve1 & /raight l9es 7 /udi\sly avoid$ 9 8 designs4 ,( ! v>ieties ( *airs t he made1 _m h ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales's fea!rs ei!r c>v$ ^u !m 9 ! c5tre ( ! op5-"w back or japann$ ^u ! splat1 a me?od ( decoration l>gely employ$ 9 ,france1 :i* has n always /ood ! te/ ( "t1 = :5 examples are f\nd !y (t5 want re/oration4 ,( sat9-wood1 ) pa9t+s ^u ! panels1 ,heppel:ite produc$ "s good examples1 & :5 he attempt$ great] elaboration 8 /yle 9 pieces ( involv$ design & intricacy ( detail became less orig9al1 & came into contact ) ,%]aton4 ,8 pa9t$ furniture comm&s high prices1 & ! "n ( ,heppel:ite w /& z high z ,*ipp5dale or ,%]aton = graceful int]pretations ( ! _s :i* inve/$ ! late eighte5? c5tury4 ,be=e deal+ ) ,%]aton 9 detail1 ! names ( "s less] kn[n mak]s contempor>y ) him may be m5tion$4 ,mat?ias ,lock1 toge!r ) a cab9etmak] nam$ ,copel&1 publi%$ 9 #ageb designs ( furniture :i* d]iv$ _! inspiration f ! bro!rs ,adam1 :i* classic feel+ lat]1 9 conjunction ) ! ,egyptian & ,pompeian _s1 dom9at$ ! /yle ( ! ,fir/ ,empire4 ,josiah ,w$gewood1 ) 8 ,etruscan vases1 & ,flaxman1 8 design]1 fill$ ) ! new classic _s1 are examples 9 ! _w ( pott]y ( ! influ5ces :i* 7 transmitt$ ?r\gh ! ,fr5* ,revolution to all =ms ( art :5 m5 ca/ ab\t 9 e direction to f9d new ideas = design4 ,ince & ,mayhew1 two o!r furniture design]s1 publi%$ a book 9 #aggj1 & ,johnson outdid ,*ipp5dale's florid /yles 9 a s]ies ( designs he br\ght out1 :i*1 ) _! twi/$ abortions1 look almo/ l a p>ody ( ,?omas ,*ipp5dale's wor/ features4 ,!re is a ,*airmak]'s ,guide1 by ,manw>+ & o!rs 9 #agff1 :i* conta9s designs ma9ly adapt$ f all t 0 be+ produc$ at ! "t4 ,x is n easy to tell ! diff]5ce betwe5 *airs made by ,manw>+ & ^? made by ,*ipp5dale1 z he c]ta9ly /&s next to ! great ma/] 9 produc+ types :i* h outliv$ ephem]al ta/es1 & tak5 _! /& z f9e arti/ic creations4 ,among o!r names are ^? ( ,%e>]1 ,d>ly1 & ,gill[1 all ( :om 7 notable design]s & mak]s ( furniture 9 ! p]iod imm$iately prec$+ ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,?omas ,%]aton1 contempor>y ) ,william ,blake ! dream]1 %>es ) him ! un=tunate po/hum\s hon\r ( rea*+ s5sational prices 9 auction rooms4 ,!re is mu* 9 common betwe5 ! two m54 ,%]aton 0 born 9 #agea at ,/ockton-on-,tees1 & came to ,london to />ve4 ,bapti/ prea*]1 cab9etmak]1 au?or1 tea*] ( draw+1 he pass$ 8 life 9 pov]ty1 & di$ 9 di/ress$ circum/ances4 ,he 01 be=e he br\ght out 8 book ( designs1 ! au?or ( sev]al religi\s works4 ,(t5 )\t capital to pursue 8 cab9etmak+ he fell back on 8 aptitude = draw+1 & gave lessons 9 design4 ,he paid "y ,black1 :o aft]w>ds became ,"l ,provo/ ( ,ed9burgh1 half a gu9ea a week z workman 9 8 cab9etmak]'s %op 9 ,soho4 ,9 a pa!tic picture ( ^? days ! ,"l ,provo/1 9 8 ,memoirs1 tells h[ ,%]aton & 8 wife & *ild _h only two cups & sauc]s & ! *ild _h a mug1 & :5 ! writ] took tea ) !m ! wife's cup & sauc] 7 giv5 up to ! gue/1 & %e drank h] tea f a common mug4 ,?is reads l ,blake's /ruggles :5 he _h n money en\gh to procure copp]-plates on :i* to engrave 8 wond]ful visions4 ,t ! /yles ( ,*ipp5dale & ,%]aton repres5t two di/9ct s*ools is borne out by :at ,%]aton himself ?\ght ( 8 great pr$ecessor4 ,speak+ 9 8 own book ( ,*ipp5dale's previ\s "w he says3 ,z = ! designs !mselves !y are :olly antiquat$1 & laid aside1 ?\gh possess$ ( great m]it accord+ to ! times 9 :i* !y 7 execut$4 ,f ?is x w\ld appe> t ! ,*ipp5dale /yle1 at ! "t ( ,%]aton's ,cab9etmak]'s & ,uphol/]]'s ,draw+ ,book1 publi%$ 9 #agic1 _h gone out ( fa%ion4 ,! woods mo/ly employ$ by ,%]aton 7 sat9wood1 tulip-wood1 rosewood1 & apple-wood1 & occasionally mahogany4 ,9 place ( c>v$ scrollwork he us$ m>quetry1 & on ! cab9ets & l>g] pieces panels 7 pa9t$ by ,cipriani & ,angelica ,kauffman4 ,!re is a f9e example ( ! latt]'s "w 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum4 ,%]aton borr[$ l>gely f ! ,fr5* /yle "u ,l\is ,,xvi41 :5 ! l9es _h become sev]]2 he came1 too1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,adam designs4 ,he commonly us$ turn$ legs1 & (t5 turn$ backs1 9 8 *airs4 ,8 lat] examples _h a holl[$ or spoon back to fit ! body ( ! sitt]4 ,:5 he us$ mahogany he realis$ ! beauty ( effect ! d>k wood w\ld give to inlay ( light] col\r$ woods1 or ev5 ( brass4 ,! splats & balu/]s1 & ev5 ! legs ( "s ( 8 *airs1 are inlaid ) delicate m>quetry "w4 ,ornam5t = its own sake 0 scrupul\sly es*ew$ by ,%]aton4 ,! ess5tial supports & uprights & /ret*]-rails & o!r compon5t p>ts ( a piece ( furniture 7 only decorat$ z portions ( a preconceiv$ :ole4 ,! legs 7 tap]$1 ! pla9 surfaces 7 inlaid ) m>quetry1 b no?+ mean+less 0 add$4 ,9 ,france ,%]aton's /yle 0 t]m$ ,l\is ,seize a l',anglaise4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,hampton 4 ,sons4 ,,old ,,engli% ,,secretaire4 ,rosewood & sat9wood4 ,drop-d[n front4 ,x 0 ! firm ( ,heppel:ite t fir/ introduc$ ! pa9t$ furniture into ,engl&1 & "u ,%]aton x develop$ into an emulation ( ! f9e "w done by ,watteau & ,greuze 9 ! days ( ,m>ie ,anto9ette4 ,among ! v>i$ pieces t ,%]aton produc$ are a numb] ( +5i\s inv5tions 9 furniture1 su* z ! libr>y-/eps he made = ,george ,,iii4 to rise p]p5dicul>ly f ! top ( a table frame1 & :5 fold$ up to be conceal$ )9 x4 ,8 bureau-bookcases & writ+-cab9ets h slid+ flaps & secret draw]s & devices int5d$ to make !m s]ve a numb] ( purposes4 ,illu/ration3 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,h>old ,g4 ,lanca/] ,co4 ,,%ield-,,back ,,*air4 ,,mahogany4 ,,late ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury4 ,on ! front ( 8 *airs is frequ5tly f\nd ! inv]t$ bell fl[]1 & ano!r ( 8 fav\rite =ms ( decoration is ! acan?us ornam5t1 :i* he puts to graceful use4 ,! influ5ce ( 8 "w1 & ( t ( ,heppel:ite ,co41 0 la/+1 & mu* ( ! late eighte5? c5tury & e>ly n9ete5? c5tury cab9etmak+ owes its orig9 to _! designs4 ,! old ,engli% secretaire illu/rat$ 7p4 #bej71 ( rose & sat9wood1 ) draw] above & fall-d[n front1 hav+ cupbo>d b5ea? ) doors f9ely inlaid ) plaques ( old lac1 is ( ! date :5 ,heppel:ite 0 successfully introduc+ ?is class ( ,fr5* "w into ,engl&4 ,x is especially int]e/+ to note t ! draw]-h&les are m\nt$ ) old ,batt]sea enamel4 ,! difficulty ( def9itely pron\nc+ z to ! mak] ( _m ( ! pieces ( furniture ( ! late eighte5? c5tury is recognis$ by exp]ts4 ,! *air illu/rat$ 7p4 #bea7 _c be assign$ to any p>ticul> design]1 ?\gh its g5u9e old feel+ is indisputable4 ,9 ! f9e collection ( old furniture ( ?is p]iod at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum w be f\nd _m examples ( *airs ) no o!r title assign$ to !m ?an late eighte5? c5tury4 ,?is fact speaks = itself4 ,a great & gr[+ s*ool _h foll[$ ! precepts ( ,*ipp5dale & ,heppel:ite & ,%]aton4 ,?is glori\s p]iod ( little m ?an half a c5tury might h be5 develop$ into a new ,r5aissance 9 furniture4 ,un=tunately1 ! e>ly days ( ! n9ete5? c5tury & ! dre>y ,e>ly ,victorian p]iod1 bo? be=e & aft] ! great ,exhibition ( #ahea1 display ! mo/ ta/eless ineptitude 9 ne>ly e bran* ( art4 ,f ! days ( ,elizabe? d[n to ! la/ ( ! ,georges1 ,engli% craftsm51 "u v>i\s influ5ces1 h produc$ dome/ic furniture ( great beauty4 ,x is impossible to feel any int]e/ 9 ! ,w9dsor *air1 ! saddle-bag c\*1 or ! r$ mahogany *effoni]e4 ,! specim5s ( misappli$ "w %[n at ! ,be?nal ,gre5 ,museum1 relics ( ! ,engli% exhibits at ! fir/ ,exhibition1 are unwor?y ( great traditions4 ,! awak5$ int]e/ %[n by all classes 9 old furniture w d mu* to c>ry ! design]s back to ! be/ p]iods 9 ord] to /udy ! inh]itance ! ma/]s h left1 & x is to be hop$ t ! message ( ! old craftsm5 dead & gone w n fall on deaf e>s4 ,,rec5t ,,sale ,,prices4#a ,l s4 d4 ,*airs1 :eel back1 set ( sev5 7includ+ arm*air71 ,adam1 c>v$1 mahogany4 ,good condition4 ,brady ,sons1 ,p]?1 ,septemb] #a1 #aijb #bg #b #f ,mirror1 ,adam1 9 gilt frame1 ,cor9?ian pill> sides1 ornam5tal glass panel at top1 surm\nt$ by a c>v$ wood eagle figure4 ,gudgeon ,sons1 ,w9*e/]1 ,novemb] #aa1 #aijc #g #aj #j ,mantelpiece1 ,adam1 c>v$ wood1 ) ,cor9?ian column supports1 c>v$ & figures & fe/oons4 ,france ,sons1 ,decemb] #af1 #aijc #bj #j #j ,mirrors1 pair1 oval1 ,adam1 c>v$ & gilt wood frame4 ,*ri/ie1 ,m>* #ah1 #aijd #df #d #j ,cab9et or enclos$ buffet1 ,adam1 on ,empire l9es1 v5e]$ on oak ) gra9$ ,spani% mahogany1 9 ! frieze is a long draw]1 & bel[ a cupbo>d1 ! :ole on squ>e feet1 doors inlaid1 h&les1 c41 ( ormolu1 #c ft4 #i 94 wide4 ,fla%man ,co41 ,dov]1 ,april #bf1 #aijd #ae #j #j ,side-tables1 pair h>e-wood1 by ,adam1 ) r\nd$ corn]s1 on squ>e-%ap$ tap]+ legs1 ! sides & bord]s inlaid ) m>quetry1 9 col\r$ woods1 #ec 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,june #b1 #aijd #aje #j #j ,bookcase1 #d ft4 #h 941 mahogany1 ,heppel:ite1 inlaid tulip-wood ) box & ebony l9es1 fitt$ %elves & draw]s1 enclos$ by doors4 ,phillips1 ,son & ,neale1 ,novemb] #ag1 #aijc #dd #j #j ,settee1 ,heppel:ite1 squ>e-%ap$1 #f ft41 & ?ree elb[ *airs4 ,gudgeon ,sons1 ,w9*e/]1 ,m>* #i1 #aijd #ch #j #j ,console-table1 ,heppel:ite sat9wood1 ! top %ap$ z a brok5 ellipse1 & ( h>e-wood ) inlays ( husks & fl[]s r\nd a fan-patt]n c5tre ) bord]+s 9 ebony & o!r woods on a fill+ ( sat9wood2 ! edge is b\nd ) ormolu1 re$$ & cross b&$1 bel[ is ! frieze ( sat9-wood inlaid ) honeysuckle1 pat]ae1 & o!r ornam5t 9 holly1 c41 & support$ on a pair ( c>v$ squ>e tap]$ legs pa9t$ & gilt1 & ) p5dants ( husks & acan?us capitals1 #d ft4 #c 94 wide4 ,fla%man ,co41 ,dov]1 ,april #bf1 #aijd #dj #j #j ,suite ( ,heppel:ite mahogany furniture1 ) op5 %ield backs1 ) vase-%ap$ c5tres c>v$1 ! back1 arms & legs widely flut$1 consi/+ ( a settee1 #gd 94 wide1 & t5 arm*airs4 ,*ri/ie1 ,june #b1 #aijd #cbe #aj #j ,knife-box1 oblong1 ,%]aton mahogany1 ) revolv+ front1 inlaid ) ,pr9ce-(-,wales's fea!rs & bord]s 9 sat9wood1 #ai-a_/b 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,novemb] #ba1 #aijb #g #ag #f ,sidebo>d1 ,%]aton1 mahogany1 sat9wood inlaid1 fitt$ ) brass rails4 ,d[ell1 ,ed9burgh1 ,novemb] #ad1 #aijc #cj #i #j ,w>drobe1 ,%]aton mahogany1 b&$ ) sat9wood1 ) fold+ doors above & bel[1 & five draw]s 9 ! c5tre1 #g ft4 high1 #h ft4 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,janu>y #bb1 #aijd #fj #ah #j ,*airs1 set ( eighte5 ,%]aton1 ) oval backs ) rail c5tres1 flut$ & slightly c>v$ ) foliage & bead+1 ! seats cov]$ ) fl[]$ crimson damask2 & a pair ( settees1 en suite1 #f ft4 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,febru>y #bf1 #aijd #abf #j #j ,arm*airs1 pair1 ,%]aton1 ) %ield-%ap$ backs1 pa9t$ ) ,pr9ce ( ,wales fea!rs1 & pe>l ornam5t on black gr\nd4 ,*ri/ie1 ,m>* #bh1 #aijd #bh #g #j ,cab9et1 ,%]aton sat9wood1 ) glaz$ fold+ doors enclos+ %elves1 draw] 9 ! c5tre =m+ secret>y1 & fold+-doors bel[1 pa9t$ ) baskets ( fl[]s1 c41 #g ft4 #i 94 high1 #da 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,m>* #bh1 #aijd #ahi #j #j ,secretaire1 ,%]aton small sat9wood1 ) revolv+ tamb\r front1 draw] & fold+ doors bel[1 inlaid ) arabesque foliage1 #bc 94 wide4 ,*ri/ie1 ,april #bi1 #aijd #dg #e #j #a ,by ! k9dness ( ! proprietors ( ! ,connoisseur ^! items are giv5 f _! useful mon?ly publication1 ,auction ,sale ,prices4 ,,xii ,,h9ts ,,to ,,collectors ,illu/ration3 ,,design ,,= ,,spuri\s ,,m>quetry ,,"w4 ,,xii ,,h9ts ,,to ,,collectors ,! dem& = old furniture has become s great t !re is an increas+ difficulty 9 supply+ x4 ,9 ord] to satisfy ! collector _m artifices h be5 practis$ :i* 9 v>y+ degree are difficult to detect1 accord+ to ! skill & +5uity ( ! pres5t-day manufactur] ( antique furniture4 ,replicas ( old pieces are frequ5tly made1 & ! workman%ip is s excell5t1 & ! copy ( ! old craftsman's /yle s p]fect1 t x only requires a c5tury or two ( we> to give to ! specim5 ! necess>y tone :i* g5u9e old furniture has naturally acquir$4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ,fr5* ornate furniture f ! days ( ,b\le to ! ,empire p]iod has receiv$ ! flatt]+ att5tion ( ! fabricator by be+ imitat$ 9 all its details4 ,^! high-class ,fr5* pieces are f9e examples ( cab9etmak+1 & x is n easy = anybody :o has n a special exp]t k to pron\nce def9itely ^u _! au!nticity4 ,d\bts h ev5 be5 express$ reg>d+ c]ta9 pieces 9 ! great national collections2 9 fact ! art ( ! =g] 9 reg>d to old ,fr5* furniture1 ( :i* specim5s *ange h&s at any?+ f ,l#a1jjj to ,l#aj1jjj1 has rea*$ a v high level ( excell5ce1 hav+ almo/ be5 elevat$ to "o ( ! f9e arts4 ,if a clev] workman possess$ ( great arti/ic feel+ turns 8 att5tion to =g+ works ( art1 x is obvi\s t 8 triumph is complete ov] amateurs possess$ ( less arti/ic ta/e & k ?an himself4 ,_m secret processes are employ$ to imp>t an appe>ance ( age to ! wood & to ! metal m\nt+s4 ,! crud] me?ods are to eat (f ! %>p] edges ( ! metal m\nt+s by means ( acid1 & to discol\r ! new] surfaces by ! aid ( tobacco juice1 bo? ( :i* are n difficult to detect4 ,! /eady manufacture ( ^! f9] pieces goes on 9 ,france1 & x has be5 f\nd t ! foggy atmosph]e ( ,london is especially useful 9 produc+ ! effect ( age ^u ! f9] "w1 consequ5tly _m =g$ pieces are %ipp$ to ,london to be /or$ 9 ord] to rip5 until consid]$ fit = ! ,am]ican m>ket1 :]e s _m =g]ies h be5 plant$4 ,! rew>d is great1 & ev5 consid]+ ! am\nt ( tr\ble be/[$ ^u su* pieces & ! excell5ce ( ! arti/ic "w :]e ! highe/ skill$ lab\r is employ$1 ! pr(it is enorm\s4 ,! p>v5u buys 8 ,l\is ,,xiv4 or ,l\is ,,xv4 suite1 & pays an imm5se sum = pieces :i* are /at$ to h come f "s ,fr5* nobleman's *ateau1 ^: "n mu/ n be divulg$1 & s ! int]e/+ deal is br\ght to a successful t]m9ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,made-,,up ,,buffet4 ,! middle portion1 consi/+ ( ! two draw]s & ?ree panell$ cupbo>ds above1 is g5u9e old c>v$ oak4 ,! /&1 ) ! f9ely turn$ legs & rails1 & ! :ole ( ! upp] portion1 is mod]n4 ,z an object-lesson z to ! tru? ( ! above rem>ks1 ! ,wallace ,collection conta9s a mod]n ,fr5* copy 9 facsimile1 by ,dasson1 ( ! celebrat$ ,bureau du ,roi ( ! ,l\is ,,xv4 p]iod1 ! orig9al be+ 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,! orig9al is fully describ$ 9 ! *apt] on ,l\is ,,xv4 /yle1 & x is n too mu* to ass]t t n9ety-n9e p] c5t4 ( ! visitors to ! ,collection c\ld n say t ?is copy 0 n an old ,fr5* specim5 ( ov] a c5tury & a qu>t] ago1 & ! rema9+ "o1 unless he happ5$ to be an exp]t1 w\ld n "q its g5u95ess4 ,old oak has always be5 a fav\rite ) ! public1 & f ! mod]n ,flemi% mon/rosities1 c>v$ 9 evil mann] & display+ proportions 9 ! wor/ possible ta/e1 to ! equally vulg> home production 9 buffet or sidebo>d1 & /ock$ by _m deal]s 9 s-call$ antique furniture1 ! numb] ( grotesque /yles foi/$ ^u ! public )9 ! la/ fifte5 ye>s has be5 rem>kable4 ,"o wond]s :at has become ( ! high-back$ oak *airs1 ne>ly black ) repeat$ applications ( p]manganate ( pota%1 hav+ flam+ r$-lea!r seats4 ,!y seem to h my/]i\sly disappe>$ f up-to-date antique /ores ( late4 ,! public has tak5 to inquir+ into art matt]s a little m closely4 ,n[adays ! late/ ?+ is fum$ oak1 :i* is mod]n oak discol\r$ by means ( ammonia1 :i* d>k5s ! surface ( ! wood to a dep? ( a sixte5? ( an in*4 ,x is n infrequ5t to f9d an attempt made to repres5t ?is z old oak aft] an elaborate treatm5t ) l9se$ oil1 turp5t9e1 & beeswax1 ?\gh an exam9ation ( ! int]ior edges ( ! wood w discov] its mod]nity at once4 ,( c\rse1 su* tricks z ^! are n practis$ by any firm ( /&+1 :o _c af=d to damage _! reputation by any misrepres5tation4 ,z a g5]al rule a deal] w readily po9t out ! details ( workman%ip & (f] te*nical in=mation ( mu* value to a beg9n]1 if he discov]s t 8 cu/om] is a collector desir\s ( acquir+ only f9e specim5s4 ,x is m (t5 ?an n ! folly ( ! public1 & n ! di%one/y ( ! deal]1 :i* results 9 trade frauds be+ committ$ 9 ! attempt to execute "s impossible & imp]ative ord]1 :i* ! money$ collector has giv54 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! g5u9e & ! replica is mo/ cle>ly made by old-fa%ion$ firms ( high /&+4 ,x is only :5 ! collector ent]s into ! ar5a & endeav\rs to set =? 9 que/ ( b>ga9s1 :]e he pits 8 skill aga9/ t ( ! deal] 9 ! hope ( outwitt+ ! latt]1 t he is obvi\sly on dang]\s gr\nd4 ,9 ! "o case he pays a high] price & obta9s ! b5efit ( ! exp]i5ce ( a firm ) exp]t k1 9 ! o!r he relies on 8 own judgm5t 9 pick+ up a b>ga9 f "s "o :om he believes to be possess$ ( less k ?an himself4 ,if he is successful he is n sl[ to brag ab\t 8 clev]ness2 b if he is wor/$ 9 ! enc\nt]1 & pays1 let u say1 five p\nds = an object :i* he fondly believ$ 0 wor? fifty1 if g5u9e1 & :i* he subsequ5tly discov]s is wor? less ?an he gave1 !re is no?+ too bad to say conc]n+ 8 antagoni/4 ,x is *iefly by ! "* ( c>v$ "w t old pieces c be recognis$4 ,!re are ?ree classes ( pitfalls to avoid4 #a4 ,fraudul5t pieces ?r\gh\t1 ( mod]n wood & ( mod]n c>v+4 #b4 ,made-up pieces :i* (t5 consi/ ( g5u9e old pieces ( c>v$ wood piec$ toge!r +5i\sly f fragm5ts ( c>v+s1 ) mod]n additions4 #c4 ,re/or$ pieces :i* are ma9ly old & %\ld h receiv$1 if admitt$ to a collection1 only ! necess>y repairs to make !m s]viceable4 ,) reg>d to ! fir/ class1 fraudul5t ?r\gh\t1 x is ! hope ( ! writ] t en\gh has already be5 writt5 9 ?is volume to po9t ! way to ! read] & to assi/ him to foll[ 8 natural incl9ations 9 develop+ ! necess>y critical ta/e to readily detect pieces :olly false 9 "* & feel+4 ,made-up pieces pres5t a great] difficulty4 ,consid]able skill has be5 ex]cis$ 9 comb9+ c]ta9 p>ts ( old furniture into a :ole :i* is1 h[ev]1 mo/ly inh>moni\s4 ,9 pieces ( ?is nature !re is an abs5ce ( feel+ 9 /yle & c>v+4 ,x is difficult to def9e ! exact mean+ ( ! ^w feel+ z appli$ to art objects1 x is a subtle expression ( skill & poetry :i* communicates itself to ! lov] ( art4 ,x is s subtle & elusive t exp]ts w tell "o t su* & su* a piece requires to be liv$ ) to te/ its au!nticity4 ,mr4 ,fr$]ick ,roe1 ^: volume on ,anci5t ,c(f]s & ,cupbo>ds displays a pr(\nd k ( 8 subject1 writes1 x occasionally happ5s t pieces are s artfully made up t only liv+ ) !m w enable ! collector to detect ! tru?4 ,9 deal+ ) pieces ( ?is suspici\s k9d "o (t5 has to fall back on a sort ( in/9ct4 ,) critical collectors ( e sort ?is innate s5se plays a v important "p4 ,two specim5s ( made-up furniture are reproduc$1 :i* w be> close /udy 9 ord] to appreciate ! difficulty ( collect+ old oak4 ,! illu/ration ( ! buffet 7p4 #bfa7 has _m po9ts ( int]e/4 ,! g5]al appe>ance ( ! piece is n inh>moni\s4 ,x has be5 c>efully ?\ght out & no less c>efully put into effect4 ,! middle portion1 consi/+ ( ! ?ree draw]s & ! ?ree cupbo>ds above1 up to & includ+ ! %elf p>tition at ! top1 is ! only old "p4 ,! h&les1 locks1 & escut*eons ( ! two draw]s are old1 b ! h+es above are mod]n copies ( old designs1 & ! h&les ( ! cupbo>ds are mod]n replicas4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cab9et ,,( ,,old ,,oak4 ,,made ,,up ,,f ,,sev]al ,,pieces ,,( ,,g5u9e ,,old ,,c>v$ ,,oak4 ,! massive /& ) arti/ically turn$ rails 9 ,jacobean /yle1 is s(t wood artfully fum$ & g5]\sly beeswax$4 ,! :ole ( ! top portion has be5 add$ & is s(t wood v well c>v$4 ,! c>v+ ( ! panels is also well execut$1 & is evid5tly a copy ( "s old design4 ,! old] portion is a f9e piece ( e>ly ,jacobean "w1 & x is n difficult to di/+ui% betwe5 ! feel+ ( ?is & ! expression convey$ by ! mod]n woodwork4 ,! pat9a ( ! wood aft] two c5turies ( exposure & poli%+ has t peculi>ly pleas+ appe>ance :i* accompanies g5u9e old woodwork4 ,! edges ( ! c>v+ h lo/ _! %>p angles1 & ! mell[ness ( ! middle panels are 9 /rong contra/ to ! h>%] tone ( ^? ( ! upp] portion4 ,su* a piece z ?is w\ld n deceive an exp]t1 nor1 p]haps1 is x int5d$ to1 or great] c>e w\ld h be5 be/[$ ^u x1 b x is suffici5tly h>moni\s 9 composition n to (f5d 9 a gl>+ mann]1 & might easily deceive a tyro4 ,! next piece illu/rat$ 7p4 #bfg7 is int]e/+ f ano!r po9t ( view4 ,x is a m elaborate attempt to produce a piece ( old furniture 9 :i* ! details !mselves h all ! mell[ness ( f9e old oak4 ,9 fact1 ) ! exception ( "o portion1 "s eight in*es by ?ree1 to :i* allusion w be made lat]1 ! :ole ( x is g5u9e old oak4 ,! ?ree panels at ! top are f9ely c>v$ & are ,jacobean "w4 ,! two outside panels at ! bottom1 ?\gh ( a lat] p]iod1 are good "w4 ,! middle panel at ! bottom is evid5tly a portion ( a l>g] piece ( c>v+1 because ! patt]n abruptly breaks (f1 & x 0 mo/ c]ta9ly n design$ by ! old c>v] to lie on its side 9 ?is fa%ion4 ,! two heads at ! top corn]s h be5 cut f "s old specim51 & artfully laid on4 ,! c>v+ on bo? sides1 runn+ bel[ ea* head f top to bottom1 is ( two di/9ct designs jo9$ 9 ea* case 9 a l9e level ) ! upp] l9e ( ! l[] panels4 ,! two uprights on ea* side ( ! middle l[] panel are exquisite pieces ( c>v$ "w1 b c]ta9ly nev] int5d$ to be upright4 ,!y are evid5tly portions ( a long1 fl[+ ornam5t1 z _! cut-(f appe>ance too pla9ly %[s4 ,! top panels h done duty else:]e1 z "p ( ! ornam5tal c>v+ at ! top & bottom ( ea* loz5ge is lo/4 ,! long l9e ( scroll$ c>v+ above !m is di/9ctly ( int]e/4 ,on ! left h&1 f ! head to ! middle ( ! panel1 a piece ( new] c>v+ has be5 ins]t$1 "s eight in*es long4 ,! wood1 at "o "t d>k5$ to correspond ) ! adjac5t c>v+1 has become light]1 :i* is always ! case :5 wood is /a9$ to mat* o!r portions4 ,! c>v+ 9 ?is new portion foll[s 9 e detail ! l9es ( ! old] design1 & is a v pretty piece ( fak+4 ,! cross-piece runn+ f left to "r1 divid+ ! l[] panels f ! upp]1 is 9 ?ree p>ts4 ,an exam9ation ( ! design %[s t ! la/ ?ree circles on ! "r1 & ! la/ f\r on ! left1 are ( small] size ?an ! o!rs4 ,! design evid5tly belong$ to "s o!r piece ( furniture1 & has be5 remov$ to d s]vice 9 ?is made-up production4 ,9 all probability ! two uprights enclos+ ! top middle panel1 & ! two uprights on ! outside at ! bottom 7 once portions ( a c>v$ b$/ead1 z !y are all ( ! same size & design4 ,x is a notori\s trick to slice an old c>v$ b$po/ into f\r pieces1 skilfully fitt+ ! pieces into made-up furniture4 ,!re is a preval5t idea t worm-holes are actually produc$ 9 furniture1 9 ord] to give a new piece a m reali/ic appe>ance4 ,!re are traditions ( duck-%ot hav+ be5 us$1 & !re is little d\bt t holes 7 drill$ by mak]s :o knew _! public4 ,b x is improbable t su* artifices w\ld be ( mu* use = deceptive purposes n[adays4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 worm-holes are avoid$ by any "o :o gives a mom5t's ?\ght to ! matt]4 ,to get rid ( worm 9 furniture is no easy task1 & !y ev5tually ru9 any pieces !y t5ant4 ,! illu/ration 7p4 #bgd7 %[s a piece ( ,spani% *e/nut badly honeycomb$ by furniture worms4 ,9 *airs1 especially1 _! havoc is almo/ irrep>able1 & 9 ! s(t] woods ! legs become too rott5 to be repair$ or ev5 /r5g!n$4 ,metal plates are (t5 screw$ on ! sides to prev5t ! *airs fall+ to pieces1 b !y become useless to sit ^u )\t fe> ( disa/]4 ,! insect is really ! bor+ wood-beetle1 :i* is arm$ ) =midable =ceps1 to enable x to burr[ ?r\gh ! wood4 ,! worm1 ! l>va ( ?is beetle1 is also provid$ ) bor+ app>atus1 & ?is insect1 :e!r z beetle or z worm1 is a deadly enemy to all furniture4 ,! dea?-wat* is also accus$ ( be+ a depr$ator ( books & ( furniture ( s(t wood4 ,to remove worms f furniture is a co/ly und]tak+1 requir+ ! greate/ skill4 ,l>ge pieces ( furniture h actually to be tak5 to pieces & ! :ole ( ! damag$ p>ts remov$ ) a *isel4 ,9 cases :]e ! legs1 or sl5d] supports1 h be5 attack$1 ! difficulty is "o requir+ ! speciali/'s mo/ delicate att5tion4 ,v>i\s applications are recomm5d$1 b _c be /at$ to be reliable4 ,inject+ p>aff9 is said to be ! be/ rem$y1 & putt+ ! pieces 9 a *amb] :]e all ! op5+s h be5 seal$1 & light+ pans ( sulphur und]nea? ! furniture1 all[+ ! specim5s to rema9 9 ?is fumigat+ ba? = "s days is ano!r me?od resort$ to4 ,) reg>d to ,*ipp5dale furniture1 a ^w ( caution is necess>y4 ,x is z impossible = ,*ipp5dale & 8 workm5 to h produc$ all ! furniture attribut$ to !m z x is = ! small factory at ,l[e/(t to h made all ! *9a ) :i* x is cr$it$4 ,z has be5 %[n 9 ! *apt] on ,?omas ,*ipp5dale1 8 /yles 7 mo/ ext5sively copi$ by 8 contempor>ies all ov] ! c\ntry & by _m mak]s aft] him1 & mod]n mak]s produce a great quantity ( ,*ipp5dale e ye>4 ,only a c>eful exam9ation ( museum pieces w tra9 ! eye ( ! collector4 ,! f9e s5se ( proportion1 at once noticeable 9 ! g5u9e ,*ipp5dale *air1 is abs5t 9 ! mod]n copy1 &1 above all1 ! c>v+ 9 ! latt] is ?9 & poor4 ,9 ! old days ! wa/age ( wood 0 n a ?+ :i* ! ma/] _h 9 8 m9d4 ,9 mod]n copies ! curl ( ! arm1 or ! swell at ! top ( ! back1 %[s a reg>d = economy4 ,!re is a ?91 flat look ab\t ! result1 :i* ought n to be mi/ak54 ,scrolls & ribbon-"w are (t5 add$ to lat] pieces made 9 ! /yle ( ,*ipp5dale1 :i* h en\gh wood 9 _! surfaces to be> c>v+ away4 ,an +5i\s device is adopt$ 9 cases ( inlaid pieces ( a small nature1 su* z imitation ,%]aton clock-cases & knife-boxes & ! frames ( mirrors4 ,old engrav+s are procur$ ( scrollwork1 usually f ! end ( "s book4 ,! illu/ration 7p4 #bei7 %[s ! class ( engrav+s select$4 ,^! engrav+s are coat$ ) a v ?9 lay] ( vellum1 :i* is boil$ d[n to a liquid1 & c>efully spread ov] !m4 ,aft] ?is treatm5t !y are ready to be glu$ on to ! panels to be fak$1 &1 :5 coat$ ov] ) transp>5t v>ni%1 !y pres5t ! appe>ance ( an ivory & ebony inlay4 ,illu/ration3 ,,design ,,= ,,spuri\s ,,m>quetry ,,"w4 ,! frauds practis$ 9 sat9wood & pa9t$ pieces are _m & are exce$+ly difficult to detect4 ,mu* ( ,%]aton's furniture 0 v5e]$ ) f9ely select$ specim5s ( ,we/ ,india sat9wood4 ,^! c>efully *os5 panels 7 pa9t$ by ,cipriani & o!rs4 ,! mod]n fak] has n ! mat]ial to select f1 z ! sat9wood import$ is n s beautiful nor s ri*ly v>i$ 9 gra9 z 9 ! old days4 ,he removes a side panel f an old piece1 & sub/itutes ano!r :]e its obnoxi\s pres5ce is n s noticeable4 ,to ?is old panel he affixes a mod]n col\r$ pr9t aft] "o ( ,%]aton's arti/s1 :i*1 :5 c>efully v>ni%$ ov] & skilfully treat$ s z to repres5t ! cracks 9 ! suppos$ old pa9t+1 is ready = ins]tion 9 ! made-up sidebo>d1 to cat* ! fancy ( ! unw>y collector4 ,,f9is4 ,illu/ration3 ,,piece ,,( ,,spani% ,,*e/nut ,,%[+ ,,ravages ,,( ,,worms4 ,,index ,a ,adam1 ! bro!rs1 & _! /yle1 #bji1 #bda-bef ,adam arm*air 7illu/rat$71 #bdc ,admiralty1 scre5 & gateway1 design$ by ,rob]t ,adam1 #bdb ,anne1 ,que51 furniture (1 prices realis$ at auction1 #aec ---- insul>ity ( furniture 9 reign (1 #acf ---- well-con/ruct$ furniture ( p]iod (1 #ade ,apsley ,h\se1 collection ( furniture at1 #bji ,armoire1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bc ,as*am1 quotation f1 #fh ,a%molean ,museum1 ,ox=d1 *air at1 #aae ,b ,b>oque1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bc ,b>r[1 ,sam1 "n ( mak]1 on ,que5 ,anne clock1 #adh ,batt]sea enamel1 its use on furniture1 #beb ,b]a91 ,jean1 #afb ,bl5heim1 *air f1 #bbb ,bodleian ,libr>y1 ,ox=d1 illu/ration ( *air at1 #hb ,bombe1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bc ,bookcase by ,*ipp5dale1 #bbe1 #bca ,b\*]1 #ahb1 #aie ,b\le1 ,&re ,*>les1 & 8 m>quetry1 #afj-afb ---- cab9et 7illu/rat$71 #afe ---- see ,,gloss>y1 #bc ---- & c\nt]-b\le 7illu/rat$71 %[+ diff]5ce betwe51 #afc ,bridal *e/ 7,g]man71 #dc ,bromley-by-,b[1 ,old ,palace1 oak panell+ f1 #fe ,br[n & ,bool1 ,messrs41 specim5s f collection (1 #ada1 #aej ,buhl "w1 #afj ,bureau1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bd ,burr-walnut panels1 #aci ,butt]-cupbo>d1 #ajd ,c ,cab9et1 ebony1 =m]ly prop]ty ( ,oliv] ,cromwell1 #ii ,cabriole1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bd ,cabriole-leg1 introduction ( into ,engl&1 #abg ,caffi]i1 #agg1 #aia ,cambridge1 ,k+'s ,college ,*apel1 woodwork (1 #fc ,cane seats & backs ( *airs1 adoption (1 #aag ---- "w 9 *airs1 lat] developm5t (1 #abb ,c>olean1 see ,,gloss>y1 #be ,c>v+ supplant$ by cane-"w panels1 #aag ,c>yatides1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bd ,cassette1 7/rong box7 ( p]iod ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 #aeh ,cassone1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bd ---- 7m>riage c(f]71 ! ,italian1 #db ,ca!r9e ( ,braganza1 fa%ions introduc$ by1 #aad ,cecil1 ,"l ,burleigh1 quotation f1 #ff ,*air1 ,*>les ,i41 #ic1 #ie ---- ,*ipp5dale1 #bbc1 #bbd1 #bbf1 #bbg1 #bcb1 #bcc ---- ,cromwellian1 #if ---- high-back$1 ,portuguese1 #aad ---- ,italian 7#afbj71 #id ---- ,jacobean1 made f timb] ( ,drake's ,gold5 ,h9d1 #hc ---- ,james ,i41 #hg1 #hi ---- ,james ,,ii41 #abc ---- ,l\is ,,xiii4 p]iod1 #aei ---- ribbon-back1 #bbb1 #bbc ---- ,oliv] ,goldsmi?'s1 #bae ---- ) arms ( fir/ ,e>l ( ,/raf=d1 #ic ,*airs1 te/ z to age (1 #ajj ---- types ( ,jacobean 7illu/rat$71 #ig1 #ajj1 #aje1 #abj1 #aba1 #abb1 #abc1 #abd ---- types ( ,que5 ,anne p]iod 7illu/rat$71 #adc ---- uphol/]$1 adopt$ 9 late ,elizabe?an days1 #ge ,*amb]s1 ,sir ,william1 #baf ,*>d91 picture by1 %[+ ladd]-back *air1 #bde ,*>les ,i4 furniture1 prices realis$ at auction1 #ajf ---- ,,ii4 furniture1 prices realis$ at auction1 #abi ---- ,,ii41 rep>tee (1 #aad ,*>t]h\se1 specim5 at1 illu/ration (1 #bbg ,*atswor?1 "w ( ,gr9l+ ,gibbons at1 #aba ,*e/s ( draw]s1 ,jacobean1 #aag ,*9a collect+1 influ5ce (1 on furniture1 #abg ,*9ese & ,japanese cab9ets1 #adh ,*9ese ,*ipp5dale1 #bac1 #bba ,*ipp5dale1 ,?omas1 & 8 /yle1 #bac-bch2 8 ,director1 #bae ---- bureau-bookcase1 #bbe1 #bca ---- furniture1 tricks conc]n+1 #bgb2 prices (1 #bbg1 #bcf ,cipriani1 #bdi ,classic models p>am\nt1 #bje ,claw-&-ball feet adopt$ by ,*ipp5dale1 #baf ---- feet 7prior to ,*ipp5dale71 #adf ---- foot1 introduction (1 #abg ,clock1 ,gr&fa!r1 introduction (1 #abg ,clocks1 ,gr&fa!r1 #adg ,colb]t1 ! guid+ _s ( art "u ,l\is ,,xiv41 #aei ,collectors1 h9ts to1 #bei-bgd ,commode1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bd ,commodes 7illu/rat$71 ,cress5t1 #aga2 ,l\is ,,xiv41 #agc2 ,caffi]i1 #age2 ,ries5]1 #aig ,contre p>tie1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bd ,copel&1 designs (1 #bdg ,copies ( old furniture1 #bei1 #bfc ---- ( f9e ,fr5* pieces1 #ahe1 #aig ,cottage furniture 7,*ipp5dale /yle71 #bcb ,c\nt]-b\le1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bd -----b\le1 #afa ,c\rt cupbo>d1 #gj ,c[ley1 quotation f1 #he ,cradle1 ) initials & date1 #if ,cress5t1 ,*>les1 #agg1 #agh ,crisp9 de ,passe1 *air design$ by1 #aei ,cromwellian *air1 #if ,cromwell's ebony cab9et1 #if ,cu%ions = *airs :5 adopt$1 #ge ,d ,d>ly1 #bdh ,dat$ pieces-- #aeic1 ,elizabe?an b$/ead1 #ff #afjc1 ,mirror1 c>v$ oak frame1 #ga #afjc1 ,c\rt cupbo>d1 #gc #afaf1 ,oak table1 #he #afbc1 ,*air1 #ig #afda1 ,cradle1 #if #afdb1 ,*air1 #aei #afec1 ,cab9et1 frontispiece #agfj-fi1 ,bureau du roi1 #ahe #agfi1 ,bureau1 #aif #ahaj1 ,jewel cab9et1 #bjg ,david1 #aie1 #bjh1 #bji ,d]by%ire *airs1 #ajc ,did]ot1 #bje ,director1 designs ( *air-backs f1 #bbb1 #bbe ,drake1 ,sir ,francis1 *air made f timb] ( ,gold5 ,h9d1 #hb ,draw]s1 *e/s (1 ,jacobean1 #aag ,dress]s1 ,norm&y1 #ajc ---- ,wel%1 #ajj ,dubl9 ,museum1 illu/ration ( oak *e/ at1 #dd ,dut* art1 introduction (1 by ,william ( ,orange1 #abd ---- h\se1 int]ior ( 7illu/rat$71 #aaa ---- lacqu] "w1 #aea ---- m>quetry1 #abh1 #adf ---- m>quetry *air1 illu/rat$1 #adc ---- m>quetry1 prices realis$ at auction1 #acb ,e ,eassie1 ,walt]1 illu/rations f draw+s by1 #aga1 #ahc ,egyptian design1 influ5ce (1 #bdg ,eighte5? c5tury1 e>ly1 well-con/ruct$ furniture (1 #ade ---- int]ior ( room 7illu/rat$71 #bce ,elizabe?an mansions1 "s notewor?y1 #fg ,elizabe?an woodwork1 f9e example (1 #fe ,empire /yle furniture1 #bjb-baj ---- its influ5ce on ,engli% mak]s1 #bji ,engl&1 ,r5aissance 91 #cg1 #ei-gh ,f ,f>mh\se furniture1 #ajj ,figure 9 wood1 h[ obta9$1 #gf1 #aah ,fire ( ,london1 de/ruction ( furniture by1 #abj ,fir/ ,empire /yle1 #bjc-baj ,flemi% wood-c>v+1 its influ5ce on ,engli% craftsm51 #di ,fonta9ebleau1 illu/ration ( jewel cab9et at1 #bjg ,=eign workm5 employ$ 9 ,engl&1 #cg ,fragon>d1 #ahb1 #aie ,france1 ,r5aissance 91 #dc ,francis ,i41 patron ( ! new art1 #dg ,frauds p]petrat$ on collectors1 #bei-bgd ,fr5* poli%1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bd1 #bcf ,fr5* ,revolution1 v&alism dur+1 #bjd ,g ,gate-leg table1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bd ---- table1 #ie ,gibbons1 ,gr9l+1 "w (1 #aba ,gill[1 #bdh ,gold5 ,h9d1 *air made f timb]s (1 #hb ,goldsmi?1 ,oliv]1 *air (1 #bae1 #baf ,go?ic1 see ,,gloss>y1 #be ---- revival1 its influ5ce on ,*ipp5dale1 #bba ,g\?i]e1 ,pi]re1 #aia1 #aib1 #aig ,gr&fa!r clock1 #adg ---- clock1 introduction (1 #abg ,great ,hall at ,hampton ,c\rt1 #fc ,grimm1 quotation f1 #bje ,grotesque design preval5t 9 ,elizabe?an furniture1 #fi ,h ,hall1 ,hampton ,c\rt1 ! ,great1 #fc ---- ,middle ,temple1 c>v$ scre5 at1 #fe ,hampton ,c\rt1 ! ,great ,hall at1 #fc ---- ,c\rt1 "w ( ,gr9l+ ,gibbons at1 #aba ,hampton ,sons1 ,messrs41 pieces f collection (1 #ei1 #ie1 #ii1 #aae1 #abj1 #aba1 #ace1 #adc1 #adg1 #adh1 #bej ,h>r+ton1 ,sir ,john1 quotation f1 #ge ,h5ry ,,vii4's *apel1 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 #fc ---- ,,viii41 patron ( ! new art1 #cg ,heppel:ite1 ! /yle (1 #bda-bef ---- *airs 7illu/rat$71 #bdc ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii1 influ5ce ( excavations at1 #bjd1 #bji ,h9ts to ,collectors1 #bei-bgd ,hog>?1 ,william1 #bdf ,holbe9 9 ,engl&1 #cg ,honey1 ,w4 ,g41 ,esq41 specim5 f collection (1 #aea ,huyg5s1 ,dut* lacqu] (1 #ahb ,i ,ince ,mayhew's designs1 #bdg ,india (fice1 specim5 at1 illu/ration (1 #bbf ,+5i\s contrivances ( ,%]aton's furniture1 #bea ,inlay1 see ,,gloss>y1 #be ---- 9 ,elizabe?an pieces1 #fi ,italian art dom9ates ,elizabe?an fa%ion1 #fh ,italy1 ,r5aissance 91 #da ,j ,jacobean1 see ,,gloss>y1 #be ---- furniture1 its f9e simplicity1 #ajd ,jacobean furniture1 prices realis$ at auction1 #ajf1 #abi ,james ,i41 *air at ,knole ,h\se1 #hf ---- ,,ii4 furniture1 prices realis$ at auction1 #acj ,japanese & ,*9ese cab9ets1 #adh ,japanese lac imitat$1 #ahb ,jones ,beque/1 illu/rations ( specim5s 91 #afe1 #agi1 #aic ---- ,inigo1 8 influ5ce1 #ic ,k ,kauffman1 ,angelica1 #bdi ,k5t1 eighte5?-c5tury design]1 #bdf ,kew ,g>d5s1 pagoda at1 #baf ,k+'s ,college ,*apel1 ,cambridge1 woodwork (1 #fc ,kit*5 furniture 7,*ipp5dale /yle71 #bcb ,knole ,h\se1 ,james ,i4 furniture at1 #hf ,l ,lac1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bf ---- ,japanese & ,*9ese imitat$1 #ahb ,lacqu]1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bf ,lanca/] ,co41 ,messrs4 ,h>old ,g41 specim5s f collection (1 #abb1 #abc1 #acg1 #bca1 #bcb1 #bda1 #bea ,lea!r "w1 cut design1 ,portuguese *air-back1 #abh ,le ,bas1 ,rev4 ,h4 ,v41 illu/ration ( specim5 9 possession (1 #baj ,lebrun1 ,madame1 #bje ,lecz9ski1 ,/anislas1 ,k+ ( ,pol&1 #aif ,l95 patt]n1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bf ,lock1 ,mat?ias1 designs (1 #bdg ,l\is ,,xiii41 *air ( p]iod (1 #aei ---- ,,xiv41 p]iod (1 #aeg-afg ---- ,,xv41 p]iod (1 #aga-ahg ---- ,,xvi41 p]iod (1 #aia-bjj ,l\vre1 copy ( picture 91 #bjc ---- illu/ration ( portrait 91 #bji ,m ,macaulay1 ,"l1 quotation f1 #if1 #acf ,made-up pieces1 #bfe ,madrid ,national ,museum1 illu/ration ( specim5 at1 #eb ,mahogany p]iod1 #cd ---- h[ procur$ by ,briti% capta9s1 #bad ---- ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh's discov]y (1 #bad ,mansions built 9 ,elizabe?an days1 #fg ,manw>+1 designs (1 #bdg ,m>ie ,anto9ette1 furniture belong+ to1 #agi1 #ahj1 #aie ,m>ie ,l\ise1 jewel cab9et (1 #bjh ,m>quetry1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bf ---- ,dut*1 #abh ---- ,dut*1 #adf ---- elaborate1 #ahj1 #ahb ---- 9 ,elizabe?an pieces1 #fi ---- "w1 spuri\s1 #bgc ,m>t91 ,sieur ,simon ,eti5ne 7,v]nis-,m>t971 #ahb ,m>t9's v>ni% 7,v]nis-,m>t971 see ,,gloss>y1 #bh ,meissoni]1 inspir] ( rococo /yle1 #agg ,middle ,temple ,hall1 c>v$ oak scre5 at1 #fe ,mirrors1 arrangem5t 9 ,hampton ,c\rt gall]ies1 #abc ---- at ,nell ,gwynne's h\se1 #abc ---- ,*ipp5dale1 #bbi ---- made by ,fr5* & ,italian workm51 #abd ---- ,que5 ,anne1 #acf ---- v>i\s =ms (1 #abd ,mortise1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bf ,"m-(-pe>l inlay1 sev5te5? c5tury1 #aaf ,muni* ,national ,museum1 illu/ration ( specim5 at1 #ci ,n ,naples ,museum1 illu/ration ( table at1 #bje ,napoleon1 8 influ5ce on art1 #bjh ,natoire1 #ahb1 #aie ,ne$lework decorat$ cab9et1 ,*>les ,,ii4 p]iod1 #aab ,ne!rl&s1 ,r5aissance 91 #di ,nets*]1 ,casp>1 illu/ration aft] picture by1 #aaa ,norm&y dress]s1 #ajc ,notable examples ( sixte5?1 c5tury ,engli% woodwork1 #fe ,o ,oak1 collectors (1 h9ts to1 #ajc1 #aah ---- furniture1 ! collector's poli% =1 #aah ---- p]iod1 #cd ---- poli%1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bf ,oeb51 ,jean ,francois1 #agh ,old oak1 poli% =1 #aah ,p ,p>quetry1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bf ,passe ,crisp9 de1 *air design$ by1 #aei ,pat]1 #aib ,p5%ur/ ,place1 ,indo-,portuguese furniture at1 #aae ,petwor? ,h\se1 "w ( ,gr9l+ ,gibbons at1 #aba ,poli%1 ,fr5*1 #bd2 ---- oil1 #bf ,poll51 ,j41 ,hung]=d1 quotation f1 #aif ,pompeii1 influ5ce ( excavations at1 #bjd1 #bjh1 #bdg ,ponsonby-,fane1 ,"r ,hon4 ,sir ,sp5c]1 specim5s 9 collection (1 #aja1 #bbd ,portuguese furniture1 late sev5te5? c5tury1 9 ,engl&1 #aad ,q ,que5 ,anne cab9et 7illu/rat$71 #ada ---- *airs 7illu/rat$71 #adc ---- furniture1 prices realis$ at auction1 #aec ---- mirror frame 7illu/rat$71 #acg ---- settle 7illu/rat$71 #adi1 #aee ,r ,raleigh1 ,sir ,walt]1 mahogany fir/ br\ght home by1 #bad ,recami]1 portrait (1 by ,david1 #bji ,re$$1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bg ,r5aissance1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bg ---- 9 ,engl&1 #cg1 #ei-gh ---- 9 ,france1 #dc ---- 9 ,italy1 #da ---- 9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 #di ---- 9 ,spa91 #dh ---- on ! ,cont95t1 #cc-ee ---- orig9 (1 #ch1 #da ,re/or$1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bg ---- cupbo>d %[+ ov]-elaboration1 #gc ,re/or$ pieces1 #bfe ,revolution 9 ,france1 v&alism dur+1 #bjd ,ribbon-back *air 7illu/rat$71 #bbb ---- ornam5tation adapt$ f ,france1 #fd2 7illu/rat$7 #fj ---- patt]n1 e>ly use (1 by ,fr5* woodc>v]s1 #ib ,ries5]1 ,jean ,francois1 #ahe1 #aia1 #aib1 #aie1 #aig1 #bjh ,rob9son1 ,v4 ,j41 ,esq41 ,c4,i4,e41 furniture belong+ to1 #bai ,rococo1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bg ,roe1 ,mr4 ,fr$]ick1 quotation f1 #bff ,ro5tg51 ,david1 #ahb ,s ,sackville1 ,"l1 e>ly ,jacobean furniture 9 collection (1 #hf ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral1 "w ( ,gr9l+ ,gibbons at1 #aba ,secret draw]s1 #aad ---- draw]s1 pieces )1 #aac1 #aeg1 #bca ---- draw]s1 ,%]aton's love (1 #bea ---- processes to imp>t age to spuri\s pieces1 #bfj ,settee1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bg ---- uphol/]$1 e>ly ,jacobean1 at ,knole1 #ij ,settle1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bh1 #fj ---- ,que5 ,anne /yle1 #ade1 #adi ,sevres porcela9 z decoration to furniture1 #aia ---- porcela9 9 h>mony ) furniture1 #aha ,%attock1 ,esq41 ,t4 ,fo/]1 specim5s f collection (1 #de ,%e>]1 #bdh ,%]aton1 ,?omas1 & 8 /yle1 #bji1 #bda-bef ---- *air 7illu/rat$71 #bdc ---- me*anical contrivances ( 8 furniture1 #bea ---- pov]ty (1 #bdh2 8 op9ion ( ,*ipp5dale1 #bdh ,sig]son1 ,dr41 ,dubl91 specim5s f collection (1 #aeg1 #bjf ,sixte5?-c5tury woodwork1 f9e example (1 #fe ,spa91 ,r5aissance 91 #dh ,spani% furniture 7illu/rat$71 cab9et1 #ea2 *e/1 #eb ,spitalfields' velvet = furniture1 #adg ---- weav+ f\nd$ by ali5s1 #abb ,splat1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bh ,/o?>d1 copy ( engrav+ by1 #bca1 #bce ,/raf=d1 fir/ ,e>l (1 *air ) arms (1 #id ,/rapwork1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bh ---- borr[$ f ,flemi% design]s1 #fd2 illu/rat$1 #fa1 #fh ---- ,elizabe?an1 #fi ,/ret*e1 ,esq41 ,t4 ,e4 ,price1 specim5s f collection (1 #ge1 #gh1 #ig1 #aci1 #adj ,/ret*]1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bh ---- 9 *airs1 evolution ( !1 #abb ---- we> giv5 to1 by feet ( sitt]s1 #ajj ,sutton1 ,?omas1 f\nd] ( ,*>t]h\se ,hospital1 #hf ,symonds1 ,john ,add+ton1 ,! ,r5aissance 9 ,italy1 quot$1 #da ,t ,table1 gate-leg1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bd ,tape/ry factory e/abli%$ at ,mortlake1 #ib ---- 9 h>mony ) furniture1 #aha ,t5on1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bh ,t]ror1 ,reign (1 v&alism dur+1 #bjd ,timb] split to give figure 9 surface1 #gf1 #aah ,transition betwe5 ,go?ic & ,r5aissance1 #dd1 #dg1 #fc ,turn$ "w1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bh ,u ,uphol/]$ *airs adopt$ 9 late ,elizabe?an days1 #ge ---- seat 7,william & ,m>y71 #abb ,v ,v&yck at ! ,c\rt ( ,*>les ,i41 #ib ,v>ni%1 oil1 composition (1 n n[ kn[n1 #aai ---- _s1 a mod]n inv5tion1 #aah ---- ,v]nis-,m>t91 see ,,gloss>y1 #bh ,v5e]1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bh ,v5e]$ "w1 its adoption1 #aci ,v5e]s1 woods us$ z1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bi ,v]nis-,m>t9 7,m>t9's v>ni%71 see ,,gloss>y1 #bh1 #ahb ,v]sailles1 sums sp5t ^u build+1 #aff2 v&alism at1 #agb1 #agg ,w ,wallace ,collection1 illu/rations ( specim5s1 at1 #afc1 #aga1 #aha1 #ahc ,walnut p]iod1 #cd ,walnut v5e]1 ,que5 ,anne p]iod1 #aci ,walpole1 ,horace1 #bba ,w>+1 ,messrs41 specim5s f collection (1 #ha1 #aag1 #aai1 #adc1 #adi1 #aig ,watteau1 #aib ,w$gwood1 ,josiah1 #bdg ,well+ton1 ,duke (1 collection 9 possession (1 #bji ,wel% dress]1 #ajj ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 ,h5ry ,,vii4's *apel1 #fc ,william & ,m>y furniture1 prices realis$ at auction1 #acj ,w9ckelmann1 #bje ,woods pref]r$ by ,gr9l+ ,gibbons1 #aba ---- us$ = delicate c>v+ by =eign s*ools1 #aaf ---- us$ 9 furniture1 see ,,gloss>y1 #bi ---- ) fancy names1 #bi2 botanical names (1 #aif ,woodwork1 sixte5? c5tury1 f9e examples (1 #fe ,worms1 ravages ( furniture1 #bcd1 #bga1 #bgd ,wr51 ,sir ,*ri/oph]1 #abj ,y ,york%ire *airs1 #ajc ,,! ,,gre%am ,,press1 ,,unw9 ,,bro!rs1 ,,limit$1 ,,wok+ ,,& ,,london4