,micros(t = _! ,live ,se>* ,books site47 ,,! ,,hibb]t ,,lectures1 #ahhd4 ,,lectures ,,on ,,! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,gr[? ,,( ,,religion ,,z ,,illu/rat$ ,,by ,,! ,,native ,,religions ,,( ,,mexico ,,& ,,p]u4 ,,deliv]$ ,,at ,,ox=d ,,& ,,london1 ,,9 ,,april ,,& ,,may1 #ahhd4 ,,by ,,alb]t ,,reville1 ,d4,d4 ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,religions ,,at ,,! ,,college ,,de ,,france4 ,,translat$ ,,by ,,philip ,h4 ,,wick/e$1 ,m4,a4 ,,williams ,,& ,,norgate1 #ad1 ,,h5rietta ,,/reet1 ,,cov5t ,,g>d51 ,,london2 ,,& #bj1 ,,s\? ,,fr$]ick ,,/reet1 ,,ed9burgh4 #ahhd4 ,all ,rights res]v$4 ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,c4 ,,gre5 ,,& ,,son1 #agh1 ,,/r&4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,lecture ,i4 ,,introduction4--,,c5tral ,,am]ica ,,& ,,mexico4 ,,_! ,,common ,,bases ,,( ,,civilization ,,& ,,religion4 ,,page ,importance ( ! hi/ory ( ,religion #a ,! religions ( ,mexico & ,p]u1 & ! special importance ( /udy+ !m #g ,j\rney to ano!r planet #h ,p>allelism ( religi\s hi/ory 9 ! ,new ,_w & 9 ! ,old #i ,c5tral ,am]ica & ,mexico1 & ! au?orities z to _! hi/ory & religion #ad ,area & g5]al "* ( ?is civilization #ah ,! ,mayas #bj ,toltecs1 ,*i*imecs & ,aztecs #bd ,! ,aztec empire #bi ,"* ( ! religi\s conceptions common to ,c5tral ,am]ica & ,mexico #ce ,! s]p5t-god & ! ,am]ican cross #ch ,e/imate ( ! "* & significance ( ! p>allelisms obs]v$ #ci ,,lecture ,,ii4 ,,! ,,deities ,,& ,,my?s ,,( ,,mexico4 ,,page ,! ,sun & ,moon #de ,! pyramidal ,mexican temples #dg ,! great temple ( ! city ( ,mexico #dh ,! n>rative ( ,b]nal ,diaz2 & ! two great ,aztec deities1 ,uitzilopo*tli & ,tezcatlipoca #ea ,my?ical significance ( ,uitzilopo*tli #ed ,significance ( ,tezcatlipoca #fj ,! s]p5t-god ,quetzalcoatl1 god ( ! ea/ w9d #fb ,netzalhuatcoyotl1 ! philosoph]-k+ ( ,tezcuco #fi ,numb] ( ,mexican deities #gj ,tlaloc1 god ( ra9 #ga ,c5teotl1 goddess ( maize #gb ,xiuhtecutli1 god ( fire #gd ,! ,mexican ,v5us #ge ,o!r deities #gf ,! ,tepitoton #gg ,mictlan1 god ( ! dead #gh ,summ>y & reflections #gi ,,lecture ,,iii4 ,,! ,,sacrifices1 ,,sac]dotal ,,& ,,mona/ic ,,in/itutions1 ,,es*atology ,,& ,,cosmogony ,,( ,,mexico4 ,,page ,recapitulation #he ,orig9al mean+ ( sacrifice #hf ,human sacrifices & cannibalism #hg ,importance atta*$ to ! suff]+ ( ! victims #ij ,tragic & cruel "* ( ! ,mexican sacrifices #ia ,! victims ( ,tezcatlipoca & ,c5teotl #ic ,! *ildr5 ( ,tlaloc #if ,! roa/$ victims ( ! god ( fire #ig ,mexican asceticism #ii ,mexican communion #aja ,religi\s e?ics #ajb ,! prie/hood #ajf ,conv5ts1 monks & nuns ( anci5t ,mexico #aji ,mexican cosmogonies #aab ,! great jubilee #aaf ,! future life #aah ,conv]sion ( ! ,mexicans #aba ,! ,inquisition #abb ,conclusion #abc ,,lecture ,,iv4 ,,p]u4--,,its ,,civilization ,,& ,,con/itution4--,,! ,,leg5d ,,( ,,! ,,incas3 ,,_! ,,policy ,,& ,,hi/ory ,,page ,! ,p]u ( ! ,incas #abg ,cortes & ,piz>ro #aca ,! ,inca hi]ocracy #acb ,! ,quipos #acd ,au?orities = ! hi/ory & religion ( ,p]u #acf ,g>cilasso el ,inca de la ,vega #acg ,p]uvian civilization #aci ,huayna ,capac's taxation #adb ,social1 political & milit>y organization ( ,p]u #adc ,education #aeb ,mat]ial well-be+ #aec ,! leg5d ( ! ,incas3 ,manco ,capac & ,mama ,ogllo #aef ,7 ! ,incas really ! sole civiliz]s ( ,p]u8 #aei ,succession ( ! ,incas & "* ( _! rule #afj ,free-?9k+ ,incas #afa ,huayna ,capac's dep>ture f traditional maxims #aff ,,lecture ,v4 ,,! ,,fall ,,( ,,! ,,incas4--,,p]uvian ,,my?ology ,,prie/hood4 ,,page ,recapitulation #aga ,atahualpa & ,piz>ro #agb ,fa!r ,valv]de's disc\rse #agd ,atahualpa's imprisonm5t & dea? #agf ,inca pret5d]s #agi ,wor%ip ( ! ,sun & ,moon #ahb ,viraco*a1 god ( f]tiliz+ %[]s #ahd ,8 consort1 ,mama ,co*a #ahf ,old ,p]uvian hymn #ahg ,pa*acamac1 god ( int]nal fire #ahh ,! my? ( ,pac>i ,tambo #aia ,cuy*a1 ! ra9b[ #aid ,*asca1 ! planet ,v5us #aid ,wor%ip ( fire #aie ,wor%ip ( ! ?und] #aif ,wor%ip ( escul5t plants #aig ,wor%ip ( animals #aih ,! ,huacas #aii ,p]uvian prie/hood #bjb ,! ,virg9s ( ! ,sun #bjd ,puni%m5t ( fai?less nuns #bjf ,indep5d5t p>allelisms1 illu/rat$ by ! c\vade #bjh ,,lecture ,,vi4 ,,p]uvian ,,cultus ,,& ,,fe/ivals4--,,morals ,,& ,,! ,,future ,,life4--,,conclusions4 ,,page ,p]uvian temples #bae ,sacrifices #bah ,columns ( ! ,sun #bbb ,hymns #bbc ,religi\s dances #bbd ,! f\r great fe/ivals #bbe ,*as+ ! evil _s #bbg ,occasional & m9or fe/ivals #bbi ,eclipses #bcj ,sorc]]s & prie/s #bcj ,moral significance ( ! ,p]uvian religion #bcb ,communion1 baptism & sac]dotal confession #bcc ,v>i\s ideas z to ! future life #bce ,supay1 ! god ( ! dep>t$ #bcg ,conv]sion ( ! ,p]uvians #bci ,are ! orig9s ( ! ,am]ican civilizations to be s\ght 9 ! ,old ,_w8 #bda ,real significance & importance ( analogies obs]v$ #bdc ,sacrifice #bde ,?ree /ages ( religi\s fai?3 animi/ic nature-wor%ip1 an?ropomorphic poly!ism & spiritual mono!ism #bdf ,! g5esis ( ! temple #bdi ,primitive indep5d5ce & subsequ5t mutual int]p5etration ( religion & morals #bej ,human nature inv9cibly religi\s #beb ,! guid+ pr9ciple #bed ,f>ewell #bee ,,add5da ,,et ,,corrig5da4 ,p4 #af1 note1 "u ,aco/a1 add1 ,edw>d ,grim/one's translation 0 edit$1 ) notes1 = ! ,hakluyt ,society1 by ,clem5ts ,r4 ,m>kham1 9 #ahhj4 ,p4 #ag1 note1 l9es #d & #e1 to ,engli% translation add 9 epitome4 l9es #h & #i1 = ,ixtilxo*itl read ,ixtlilxo*itl4 l9e #g f bel[1 = note read notes4 ,p4 #cb1 l9e #aj f bel[1 = bases read basis4 ,p4 #cd1 l9e #a1 = lama read llama4 ,p4 #ce1 la/ l9e1 ins]t & aft] ,am]ica4 ,p4 #gg1 note1 la/ l9e1 = caps4 read capp4 ,p4 #ib1 l9e #i f bel[1 omit to be=e :i*4 ,p4 #aac1 note1 la/ l9e1 = ,*i*emeca read ,*i*imeca4 ,p4 #abi1 l9e #c1 = ,ea/ to ,we/ read ,we/ to ,ea/4 ,p4 #bbd1 note1 = ,riv]o y ,ts*udi1 l4c4 read ,riv]o y ,ts*udi3 ,antigue$ades ,p]uanas3 ,vi5a1 #ahea4 ,n4 ,b4 ,an ,engli% translation ( ?is "w by ,f4 ,l4 ,hawks appe>$ at ,new ,york 9 #ahec4 ,,lecture ,i4 ,,introduction4--,,c5tral ,,am]ica ,,& ,,mexico4 ,,common ,,bases ,,( ,,civilization ,,& ,,religion4 ,,ladies ,,& ,,g5tlem51 ,my fir/ duty is to ackn[l$ge ! signal hon\r :i* ! ,hibb]t ,tru/ees h done me 9 invit+ me to foll[ su* a s]ies ( em95t m5 z ! previ\s occupi]s ( ?is ,*air1 & to address y1 9 ! free & e>ne/ _s ( tru?-lov+ & imp>tial rese>*1 on ^? great que/ions ( religi\s hi/ory :i* s ju/ly pre-occupy ! *os5 spirits ( ,european society4 ,our age is n1 z is sometimes said1 an age ( positive sci5ce & ( indu/rial discov]ies alone1 b also1 & 9 a v high degree1 an age ( criticism & ( hi/ory4 ,x is to hi/ory1 inde$1 m ?an to any?+ else1 t x looks = ! lights :i* are to guide x 9 resolv+ ! grave difficulties pres5t$ by ! problems ( ! h\r1 9 politics1 9 organization1 & 9 social & religi\s life4 ,p5etrat$ m deeply ?an ! c5tury t prec$$ x by ! tru? t ! developm5t ( humanity is n arbitr>y1 t ! law ( cont9uity is no less rigor\sly applicable to ! successive evolutions ( ! human m9d ?an to ! animal & vegetable trans=mations ( ! physical _w1 x p]ceives t ! pres5t c be no o!r ?an ! expansion ( g]ms conta9$ 9 ! pa/2 x attempts to pi]ce to ! v ess5ce ( spiritual realities by inve/igat+ ! me?ods & ! laws ( _! hi/orical developm5t2 x /rives1 "h z else:]e1 to sep>ate ! p]man5t f ! transi5t1 ! sub/ance f ! accid5t1 & is urg$ on 9 ^! labori\s rese>*es by no m]e dilettante curiosity1 b r by ! hope ( arriv+ at a m accurate k ( all t is true1 all t is truly preci\s1 all t c claim1 z ! pure tru?1 our delib]ate adhesion & our love4 ,& 9 ! doma9 ( ,religion1 m especially1 we c nev] lose our confid5ce t1 if hi/orical rese>* may sometimes compel u to sacrifice illusions1 or ev5 beliefs t h be5 de> to u1 x gives u 9 return ! "r to walk 9 ! pa?s ( ! ,et]nal ) a firm] /ep1 & reveals ) gr[+ cle>ness ! m>vell\s aspiration ( humanity t[>ds a supreme reality1 my/]i\s1 nay incompreh5sible1 & yet 9 ess5tial aff9ity ) itself1 ) its ideal1 ) its all t is pure/ & sublime/4 ,! hi/ory ( religion is n only "o ( ! bran*es ( human k1 b a prophecy z well4 ,aft] hav+ %[n u :5ce we come & ! pa? we h trodd51 x %ad[s =? ! way we h yet to g1 or at ! v lea/ x effects ! ori5tation by :i* we may "k 9 :i* direction x lies4 ,g5tlem51 9 ^! ,lectures ,i %all be loyal to ! pr9ciples ( imp>tial s*ol>%ip to :i* ,i und]/& ?is ,*air to be consecrat$4 ,expect nei!r !ological controv]sy nor dogmatic discussion ( any k9d f me4 ,x is z a hi/orian t ,i am "h1 & z a hi/orian ,i %all speak4 ,only let me say at once1 t1 :ile reta9+ my own v m>k$ pref]5ces1 ,i place religion itself1 z a faculty1 an attribute1 a t5d5cy natural to ! human m9d1 above all ! =ms1 ev5 ! mo/ exalt$1 :i* x has assum$ 9 "t & space4 ,i c conceive a ,templum ,s]5um :]e %all meet 9 t love ( tru?1 :i* at bottom is b "o ( ! =ms ( love ( ,god1 all m5 ( upright he>t & pure w4 ,to me1 religion is a natural prop]ty & t5d5cy1 & consequ5tly an innate ne$ ( ! human _s4 ,t _s1 accid5tally & 9 individual cases1 may inde$ be depriv$ ( x2 b if s1 x is incomplete1 mutilat$1 crippl$4 ,b obs]ve t ! recognition ( religion itself 79 di/9ction f ! v>i$ =ms x may assume71 z a natural t5d5cy & ess5tial ne$ ( ! human m9d1 implies ! reality ( its object1 ev5 if t sacr$ object %\ld )draw itself f our und]/&+ beh9d an imp5etrable veil1 ev5 c\ld we say no?+ conc]n+ x save ?is "o ^w3 ,,x ,,is6 ,= x w\ld be irrational to ! la/ degree to lay d[n ! exi/5ce ( su* a ne$ & su* a t5d5cy1 & yet believe t ! ne$ corresponds to no?+1 t ! t5d5cy has no goal4 ,religi\s hi/ory1 by br++ cle>ly into light ! univ]sality1 ! p]si/5cy & ! prodigi\s int5sity ( religion 9 human life1 is !re=e1 to my m9d1 "o unbrok5 atte/ation to ,god4 ,& n[ x rema9s = me to express my lively regret t ,i am unable to address y 9 y\r own tongue4 ,i (t5 read y\r au?ors3 ,i pr(it mu* by !m4 ,b ,i h emphatically n receiv$ ! gift ( tongues4 ,by su* an audi5ce z ,i am n[ address+1 ,i am sure to be und]/ood if ,i speak my "m-tongue2 b 7 ,i to v5ture on mutilat+ y\rs1 ,i %\ld in/antly become completely un9telligible6 ,let me ?r[ myself1 !n1 ^u y\r k9d indulg5ce4 ,i4 ,i am ab\t to speak to y on a subject little kn[n 9 g5]al1 ?\gh x has already be5 /udi$ v closely by speciali/s ( great m]it--,i mean ! religions pr(ess$ 9 ,mexico & ,p]u :51 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 a h&ful ( ,spani% adv5tur]s a*iev$ t conque/1 almo/ l a fairy tale1 :i* /ill rema9s "o ( ! mo/ extraord9>y *apt]s ( hi/ory4 ,b ,i %all p]haps d well at ! outset briefly to expla9 ! v special importance ( ^! n[ vani%$ religions4 ,! intr9sic int]e/ ( all ! /range1 orig9al1 dramatic & ev5 grotesque features t !y pres5t to ! hi/orian1 is 9 itself suffici5tly great2 = !y possess$ beliefs1 in/itutions1 & a develop$ my?ology1 :i* w\ld be> comp>ison ) any?+ kn[n to antiquity 9 ! ,old ,_w4 ,b we h ano!r v special & weighty reason = int]e/+ ourselves 9 ^! religions ( a demi-civilization1 brusquely arre/$ 9 its developm5t by ! ,european invasion4 ,to r5d] ?is motive z cle> z possible1 all[ me a supposition4 ,suppose1 !n1 t by a miracle ( human g5ius we _h f\nd means ( transport+ ourselves to "o ( ! neighb\r+ planets1 ,m>s or ,v5us = example1 & _h f\nd x to be inhabit$1 l our e>?1 by intellig5t be+s4 ,z soon z we _h satisfi$ ! fir/ curiosity excit$ by ^? physical & visible novelties :i* ! planet>y diff]5ces !mselves c\ld n fail to produce1 we %\ld turn ) re-awak5$ int]e/ to ask a ho/ ( su* que/ions z ! foll[+3 ,d ^! intellig5t inhabitants ( ,m>s or ,v5us reason & feel z we d8 ,h !y hi/ory8 ,h !y religion8 ,h !y politics1 arts1 morals8 ,& if x %\ld happ5 t aft] due exam9ation we f\nd ourselves able to answ] all ^! que/ions affirmatively1 c y n imag9e :at int]e/ !re w\ld be 9 comp>+ ! hi/ory1 politics1 arts1 morals & religion ( ^! be+s ) our own8 ,& if we f\nd t ! same fundam5tal pr9ciples1 ! same laws ( evolution & trans=mation1 ! same int]nal logic1 _h ass]t$ itself 9 ,m>s1 9 ,v5us & on ! ,e>?1 is x n cle> t ! fact w\ld con/itute a gr& confirmation ( our !ories z to ! fundam5tal id5tity ( spiritual be+1 ! conditions ( its individual & collective g5esis--9 a ^w1 ! univ]sal "* ( ! laws ( m9d8 ,& n[ consid] ?is4 ,= ! ,europeans ( ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury1 ,am]ica1 especially cont95tal ,am]ica1 0 absolutely equival5t to ano!r planet ^u :i*1 ?anks to ! presag+ g5ius ( ,*ri/oph] ,columbus1 ! m5 ( ! ,old ,_w _h at la/ set foot4 ,at fir/ !y only f\nd c]ta9 isl&s inhabit$ by m5 ( ano!r type & ano!r col\r ?an _! own1 /ill close ^u ! savage /ate4 ,b be=e long !y _h reason to suspect t imm5se regions /ret*$ to ! we/ ( ! ar*ipelago ( ! ,antilles2 !y v5tur$ a%ore1 & return$ ) a vague notion t !re exi/$ 9 ! int]ior ( ! unkn[n cont95t mighty empires1 ^: weal? & milit>y organization sev]$ !m widely inde$ f ! poor tribes ( ,/4 ,dom+o or ,cuba1 :om !y _h already discov]$ & _h s cruelly oppress$4 ,x 0 !n t a bold capta9 conceiv$ ! app>5tly insane project ( sett+ out ) a few hundr$ m5 to conqu] :at pass$ = ! ri*e/ & mo/ p[]ful ( ^! empires4 ,8 success dem&$ n only all 8 c\rage1 b all 8 cold cruelty & absolute unscrupul\sness1 toge!r ) ^? fav\rs :i* =tune sometimes res]ves = audacity4 ,at any rate he succe$$1 & ! rum\rs t _h inflam$ 8 imag9ation turn$ out to be true4 ,on 8 way he came ^u great cities1 ^u admirably cultivat$ l&s1 ^u a complete social & milit>y organization4 ,he saw an unkn[n religion display itself be=e 8 eyes4 ,!re 7 temples1 sacrifices1 magnific5t c]emonies4 ,!re 7 prie/s1 !re 7 conv5ts1 !re 7 monks & nuns4 ,to 8 pr(\nd amazem5t1 he notic$ ! cross c>v$ ^u a great numb] ( religi\s edifices1 & saw a goddess :o bore h] infant 9 h] arms4 ,! natives _h rites :i* closely recall$ ! ,*ri/ian baptism & ! ,*ri/ian communion4 ,z = our capta91 nei!r he nor 8 contempor>ies c\ld see any?+ 9 all ?is p>ade ( a religion1 n[ s closely approa*+1 n[ s utt]ly remote1 f _! own1 b a gigantic ruse ( ! devil1 :o _h l$ ^! unhappy natives a/ray 9 ord] to secure _! wor%ip4 ,b = u1 :o "k t ! devil _c help u to ! g5esis ( anci5t my?ologies & anci5t religions--:o "k likewise t ! social & religi\s developm5t ( ,c5tral ,am]ica 0 9 ! /ricte/ s5se native & orig9al1 & t all attempts to br+ x into connection ) a suppos$ e>li] int]c\rse ) ,asia or ,europe h fail$--! "q pres5ts itself "u a v diff]5t aspect4 ,9 our ,old ,_w1 ! natural religi\s developm5t ( man has produc$ my?s & my?ologies1 sacrificial rites & prie/hoods1 temples1 ascetics1 gods & goddesses2 & on ! basis ( ! ,old ,_w's exp]i5ce we might already feel entitl$ to say1 ,su* are ! /eps & /ages ( religi\s evolution2 su* 7 ! processes ( ! human _s be=e ! appe>ance ( ! high] religions :i* are 9 "s sort graft$ ^u _! eld] si/]s1 & h 9 _! turn absorb$ or spiritualiz$ !m4 ,b !re w\ld /ill be room to ask :e!r all ?is developm5t _h be5 natural & spontane\s1 :e!r successive imitations l9k+ "o contigu\s p to ano!r _h n trans=m$ "s local & isolat$ ph5om5on into an app>5tly g5]al & int]national fact--mu* z took place ) ! use ( tea or cotton--)\t our be+ compell$ to recognize any necess>y law ( human developm5t 9 x4 ,b :at answ] is possible to ! argum5t furni%$ by ! discov]y ( ! new planet--,i mean to say ( ,am]ica8 ,h[ c we resi/ ?is evid5ce t ! :ole organism ( my?ologies1 gods1 goddesses1 sacrifices1 temples & prie/hoods1 :ile v>y+ enorm\sly f race to race & f nation to nation1 yet1 :]ev] human be+s are f\nd1 develops itself "u ! same laws1 ! same pr9ciples & ! same me?ods ( d$uction2 t1 9 a ^w1 giv5 human nature any:]e1 its religi\s developm5t is re>$ on ! same id5tical bases & passes ?r\gh ! same phases8 ,mr4 ,max ,muell]1 "o ( my mo/ hon\r$ ma/]s1 & "o ( ^? :o h be/ des]v$ ! gratitude ( ! le>n$ _w1 has decl>$1 ) equal ju/ice & p5etration1 9 8 ,preface to ,mr4 ,wyatt ,gill's ,my?s & ,songs1 t ! possibility ( /udy+ ! ,polynesian my?ology is to ! hi/orian :at an opportunity ( sp5d+ a "t 9 ! mid/ ( ! plesiosauri & ! mega!rions w\ld be to ! zoologi/1 or ( walk+ 9 ! %ade ( ! va/ arboresc5t f]ns t lie buri$ "u our pres5t soil to ! botani/4 ,polynesian my?ology has 9 fact pres]v$1 d[n to our own day1 ! pre-hi/oric ages4 ,&1 simil>ly1 ! religions ( ,mexico & ,p]u 7= ! empire ( ! ,incas held ! same surprises & ! same lessons 9 /ore = its explor]s z t ( ,montezuma _h done7 has enabl$ hi/ory to c>ry to ! po9t ( demon/ration its fundam5tal !sis ( ! natural developm5t1 9 subjection to fix$ laws1 ( ! religi\s t5d5cy 9 man4 ,all ^? curi\s resemblances1 amid/ ! diff]5ces :i* we %all also br+ out1 betwe5 ! religi\s hi/ory ( ! ,new ,_w & t ( ! ,old1 are n at bottom any m extraord9>y ?an ! fact t1 9 spite ( ! diff]5ces ( physical type :i* sep>at$ ! natives f _! conqu]ors1 !y none ! less saw ) eyes1 walk$ on feet1 ate ) a m\? & dige/$ ) a /oma*4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we %all beg9 our /udy ) ,mexico4 ,b a few prelim9>y e?nographical rem>ks are indisp5sable4 ,i sp>e y ! catalogue ( ! num]\s s\rces & docum5ts f :i* a detail$ k ( ! ,mexican religion may be drawn4#a ,su* a li/ is 9 place 9 a book r ?an 9 a lecture4 ,i w only direct y\r att5tion to ! noble collection made 9 #ahcj by "o ( y\r own compatriots1 ,"l ,k+sbor\gh1 "u ! title ( ,antiquities ( ,mexico1 a "w ( extreme importance1 :i* reproduces1 9 facsimile or engrav+s1 ! monum5ts & ru9s ( anci5t ,mexico2#b & ! v rem>kable "w ( ,mr4 ,h4 ,h4 ,bancr(t1 ,native ,races ( ! ,pacific ,/ates ( ,nor? ,am]ica4#c ,,ii4 ,! region ) :i* we are n[ to occupy ourselves comprises ! space b\nd$ on ! ,s\? by ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama1 wa%$ ,ea/ & ,we/ by ! oceans1 & det]m9$1 r\ghly speak+1 t[>ds ! ,nor? by a l9e />t+ f ! head ( ! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia1 & sweep+ r\nd to ! m\?s ( ! ,mississippi ) a curve t takes 9 ,arizona & ,s\!rn ,texas4 ,9 our day1 ?is s\!rn portion ( ,nor? ,am]ica is brok5 into two great divisions1 ! fir/ & mo/ s\!rn ( :i* is kn[n collectively z ,c5tral ,am]ica1 & embraces ! republics ( ,guatemala1 ,honduras1 ,nic>agua1 ,co/a ,rica1 ,san ,salvador & ,panama4 ,! great p59sula ( ,yucatan1 :i* is n[ ,mexican1 =m]ly belong$ to ?is gr\p ( ,c5tral ,am]ican peoples4 ,! second portion ( ! t]ritory we are to /udy corresponds to ! pres5t republic ( ,mexico4 ,i %all pres5tly expla9 ! s5se 9 :i* x might be call$ ! ,mexican empire 9 ! "t ( ,f]n&o ,cortes4 ,= ! pres5t1 let me ask y to rememb] t we are n[ ab\t to speak1 9 a g5]al & prelim9>y mann]1 ( ! region :i* pretty closely corresponds to ! pres5t ,c5tral ,am]ica & ,mexico4 ,to beg9 )1 we treat ^! two di/ricts z a s+le :ole1 because ! ,europeans f\nd !m inhabit$ by a race :i* 0 divid$1 x is true1 into sev]al v>ieties1 b 0 di/+ui%$ cle>ly f ! ,r$-sk9s on ! ,nor?1 & /ill m f ! ,eskimos1 & alone ( ! native races ( ,nor? ,am]ica _h prov$ itself capable ( ris+ by its own /r5g? to a v]itable civilization4 ,! g5]al physical type ( ! race is m>k$ by a v br[n sk91 a m$ium /ature1 l[ br[1 black co>se hair1 prom95t jaw1 heavy lips1 ?ick eyebr[s1 & a nose g5]ally l>ge & (t5 hook$4 ,! noble families z a rule _h a cle>] complexion4 ,! wom5 are ?ick-set & squab1 b n )\t grace 9 _! movem5ts4 ,9 _! y\? !y are sometimes v pretty1 b !y fade e>ly4 ,we mu/ leave x to e?nological speciali/s to decide :e!r ?is type is n ! result ( previ\s cross+s4 ,s mu* is c]ta91 t at an epo* ! date ( :i* x is impossible to fix1 b :i* mu/ h be5 remote1 ?is race1 cut (f f all ! _w by ! sea & ! pr(\nde/ savag]y1 develop$ a civilization sui g5]is1 to :i* ! traditional rem9isc5ces ( ! natives & a s]ies ( mo/ rem>kable ru9s1 discov]$ especially 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 be> witness4 ,= x is 9 ?is s\!rn di/rict t we f9d ! monum5tal ru9s ( ,pal5que1 ( ,*iapa1 ( ,uxmal1 ( ,utatlan1 & ( o!r places1 ! li/ ( :i* has aga9 begun to receive additions 9 rec5t ye>s4 ,:5 ! ,spani>ds conqu]$ ! ,new ,_w1 ! c5tre ( ?is civilization _h %ift$ fur!r nor?1 to ,mexico prop]1 to ! city ( ,mexico1 to ,tezcuco & to ,*olula4 ,b ! consci\sness t ! ,mexican civilization 0 affiliat$ to t ( ! i/hmic region _h by no means be5 lo/4 ,x 0 a nation or race call$ ,maya1 ! "n ( :i* seems to indicate t x consid]$ itself indig5\s1 & ! prop] c5tre ( :i* lay 9 ,yucatan1 t produc$ ?is ,am]ican civilization--capable ( organiz+ /ates & prie/hoods1 ( re>+ imm5se palaces1 ( c>v+ /one 9 great p]fection & ) a true arti/ic s5se1 & ( realiz+ a high degree ( physical well-be+4 ,!re is reason to believe1 h[ev]1 t ?is civilization1 resembl+ 9 "s respects t ( anci5t ,canaan1 _h m ref9em5t 9 its pursuit ( mat]ial com=t ?an vig\r 9 its morality4 ,a c]ta9 effem9acy1 & ev5 ! endemic practice ( odi\s vices1 appe>s to h e>ly en]vat$ x4 ,:5 ! ,spani>ds arriv$ 9 ,am]ica1 w>s & deva/at+ invasions _h %att]$ ! old & p[]ful mon>*ies ( ! c5tral region & r$uc$ ! great monum5ts ( antiquity to ru9s1 & t too s long ago t ! natives !mselves1 :ile reta9+ a c]ta9 civilization1 _h lo/ all memory ( ! anci5t cities & ! anci5t palaces t ! ,europeans rescu$ f oblivion4 ,we may /ill see figur$ among/ ! monum5ts ( ,mexico ^? beautiful ru9s ( ,pal5que1 :]e /ret*es a sup]b gall]y1 vault$ ) ! broad ogives t recal ! ,moori% ar*itecture ( ! ,alhambra2 :ile at ,tehuantepec an imm5se temple has be5 discov]$1 holl[$ out ( a huge rock1 l c]ta9 temples 9 ,india4 ,! cultivation ( maize 0 to ?is region :at t ( :eat 0 to ,egypt & ,mesopotamia1 or ( rice to ,india & ,*9a1 ! mat]ial condition1 namely1 ( a precoci\s civilization4 ,=1 z has be5 rem>k$1 ! primitive civilizations c\ld n be develop$ except :]e an abundant c]eal rais$ man above imm$iate anxiety = 8 subsi/5ce1 & rescu$ him f ! all-engross+ fatigues & ! dang]\s unc]ta9ties ( ! hunt]'s life4 ,?is ,maya race1 hav+ adopt$ ! agricultural & s$5t>y life1 multipli$ s greatly z to s5d out _m sw>ms ( coloni/s t[>ds ! ,nor?1 :]e ! ,nahuas1 t is to say1 ! skill$ ones or exp]ts 7= s ! emigrants f ! ,maya l& 7 call$71 f\nd m5 ( ! same race z !mselves1 to :om !y imp>t$ _! sup]ior k4 ,!y kept on pu%+ nor?w>ds1 e/abli%$ !mselves on ! great plateau ( ,anahuac1 or lake c\ntry1 :]e ! city ( ,mexico is situat$1 & advanc$ up to ! some:at indef9ite limit oppos$ to _! progress by ! ,r$-sk9s4 ,?is migratory movem5t t[>ds ! ,nor? 0 evid5tly n ! affair ( a day4 ,x mu/ h cont9u$ = c5turies2 & dur+ its process ! ,maya civilization may h exp]i5c$ great developm5ts & und]gone num]\s modifications2 s t1 )\t v5tur+ to pron\nce categorically ^u a problem yet unsolv$1 ,i %\ld myself be incl9$ to ascribe to a population1 :i* ei!r consi/$ ( b&s ( emigrant ,mayas or 0 affect$ by ?is ,nahua movem5t1 ^? ,m\nds :i* /ill ?r[ _! gall+ defiance at ! mod]n me?ods ( rese>*1 p[]less to expla9 _! orig9 9 regions :i* h s9ce be5 "u ! reign ( ! mo/ absolute savag]y4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 ! movem5t by :i* 9 a remote antiquity ! peoples ( ,c5tral ,am]ica asc5d$ t[>ds ! ,nor?1 c>ry+ ) !m _! relative civilization to ,mexico & ev5 beyond1 0 rev]s$ at ! epo* ( our ,middle ,ages by a migration 9 ! opposite direction4 ,9 ?is case x 0 ! peoples ( ! nor!rn regions t t5d$ to beat back ^u ! ,s\?4 ,!y invad$1 conqu]$ & br\ght into subjection ! peoples :o _h e/abli%$ !mselves along ! pa? foll[$ by ! previ\s migrations2 & x is probably to invasions ( ?is description t we mu/ ascribe ! fall ( ! anci5t ,maya society ( ! i/hmic region4 ,b ! civilization ( :i* x _h s[n ! g]ms 0 n dead4 ,nay1 ! peoples :o desc5d$ ^u ! ,s\? _h 9 great measure !mselves adopt$ x2 & 9 ! invad$ di/ricts !re rema9$ gr\ps & nuclei ( ,nahua populations :o ma9ta9$ its pr9ciples1 its arts & its _s1 to :i* _! conqu]ors readily con=m$4 ,! la/ conqu]ors _h be5 e/abli%$ z ma/]s 9 ! ,mexican di/rict = m ?an a c5tury :5 ! ,spani>ds arriv$ !re4 ,!y 7 ! ,aztecs4 ,!y _h conqu]$ or %att]$ :at 0 call$ ! ,*i*imec empire1 :i* 9 its turn _h de/roy$1 "s c5turies e>li]1 ! ,toltec empire4 ,b x w\ld be a mi/ake to ?9k ( ?ree successive empires1 ,toltec1 ,*i*imec & ,aztec1 "o supplant+ ! o!r 9 ! same way z ! ,franki% empire1 = example1 took ! place ( t ( ,rome1 :i* 9 its turn _h replac$ div]s o!rs m anci5t yet4 ,:at really took place 0 :at foll[s4 ,! prolong$ migrations ( ! ,nahuas t[>ds ! ,nor? _h n spread civilization uni=mly among/ all ! tribes enc\nt]$ on ! r\te4 ,?us1 d[n to ! sixte5? c5tury1 !re /ill exi/$ 9 ! he>t ( ,mexico tribes v little remov$ f ! savage /ate1 su* z ! ,otomis or w&]]s2 :]eas1 9 o!r di/ricts1 ! ,nahuas _h e/abli%$ !mselves on a foot+ ( ackn[l$g$ supremacy & develop$ a brilliant civilization4 ,?us !y f\nd$ at ! extreme nor? ( ! pres5t ,mexico ! anci5t city ( ,tulan or ,tullan1 ! "n ( :i* pass$ into t ( its inhabitants1 ! ,toltecs1 & ?is latt]1 9 its turn1 became ! designation ( ev]y?+ graceful1 elegant1 arti/ically ref9$ & beautiful4 ,e?nographically1 x simply indicates ! mo/ brilliant foci ( ! civilization import$ f ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,9 fact1 !re nev] 0 a ,toltec empire at all1 b simply a conf$]ation ( ! ?ree cities ( ,tullan1 ,colhuacan & ,otompan1 all ( :i* may be reg>d$ z ,toltec 9 ! social s5se :i* ,i h j describ$4 ,_m o!r small /ates exi/$ outside ?is conf$]ation4 ,x 0 de/roy$ by ! revolt or invasion ( m nor!rn tribes1 hi!rto held 9 vassalage & look$ d[n ^u z belong+ to a l[] level ( culture & mann]s4 ,^! tribes receiv$ or assum$ ! "n ( ,*i*imecs or dogs1 :i* may h be5 a t]m ( contempt conv]t$ into a title ( hon\r1 l t ( ! ,gueux ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,?us arose a ,*i*imec conf$]ation1 ( :i* ,colhuacan 7! "n giv5 = a "t to ,tezcuco71 ,azcapulzalco1 ! capital ( ! ,tepanecs1 & ,tlacopan1 7 ! pr9cipal cities4 ,at ,tezcuco ! ,toltec elem5t 0 /ill p[]ful4 ,*olula1 a sacr$ city1 rema9$ ess5tially ,toltec1 & 9 g5]al ! ,*i*imecs readily adopt$ ! sup]ior civilization ( ! ,toltecs4 ,?is 0 s mu* ! case t ,tezcuco became ! seat ( an intellectual & arti/ic developm5t1 9 virtue ( :i* ! ,europeans call$ x ! ,a!ns ( ,mexico4 ,x 0 f ! elev5? to ! f\rte5? c5turies1 accord+ to ! hi/orians1 t :at may be call$ ! ,*i*imec era la/$4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ! ,aztecs--t is to say ! :ite flam+os or h]ons 7f aztatl71 ! la/ com]s f ! ,nor?1 :o _h long be5 a poor & wret*$ tribe1 & on rea*+ ,anahuac _h be5 oblig$ to accept ! suz]a9ty ( ,tezcuco--began to assume great importance4 ,!y _h f\nd$1 "u ! "n ( ,t5o*titlan1 ^u an isl& t is n[ unit$ to ! ma9l&1 ! city :i* 0 aft]w>ds call$ ,mexico4 ,b orig9ally ! "n ( ,mexico belong$ to ! qu>t] ( ! city :i* 0 d$icat$ to ! god ( w>1 ,mextli4 ,at once w>like & comm]cial1 ! ,aztecs grew 9 numb]s1 weal? & milit>y p[]2 !y sav$ ,tezcuco f ! dom9ion ( ! ,tepanecs1 :o tri$ to br+ ! :ole ,*i*imec conf$]ation into subjection2 pres5tly !y ?rew (f all vassalage1 & 9 ! fifte5? c5tury !y /ood at ! head ( ! new conf$]ation :i* took ! place ( t ( ! ,*i*imecs1 & ( :i* ,mexico1 ,tezcuco & ,tlacopan 7or ,tacuba71 7 ! ?ree capitals4 ,!re 0 no ,mexican empire1 !n1 at ! mom5t :5 ,f]n&o ,cortes disemb>k$ ne> ,v]a ,cruz1 b !re 0 a f$]ation4 ,on c]ta9 days ( religi\s fe/ivity a solemn public dance 0 celebrat$ 9 ,mexico1 9 :i* ! sov]eign families ( ! ?ree /ates1 toge!r ) _! subjects ( ! highe/ rank1 took "p4 ,x began at noon be=e ! palace ( ! ,mexican k+4 ,!y /ood ?ree & ?ree4 ,! k+ ( ,mexico l$ ! dance1 hold+ ) 8 "r h& ! k+ ( ,tezcuco1 & ) 8 left ! k+ ( ,tlacopan1 & ! ?ree conf$]ate sov]eigns or emp]ors ?us symboliz$ = sev]al h\rs ! union ( _! ?ree /ates by ! h>moni\s cad5ce ( _! movem5ts4#d ,,iii4 ,! widely-spread error t makes ,montezuma1 ! ,mexican sov]eign t receiv$ ,f]n&o ,cortes1 ! absolute ma/] ( ! :ole di/rict ( ! pres5t ,mexico1 is expla9$ by ! fact1 t ( ! ?ree conf$]ate /ates t ( ! ,aztecs 0 by f> ! /ronge/1 mo/ w>like & mo/ dread$4 ,x 0 con/antly ext5d+ its dom9ion by means ( a num]\s1 discipl9$ & admirably organiz$ army1 & little by little ! o!r two /ates 7 con/antly approa*+ ! condition ( vassalage4 ,! ,aztecs 7 no m recalcitrant to civilization ?an ! ,*i*imecs1 b !y 7 rud]1 m matt]-(-fact & m cruel4 ,!y did no sacrifices to ! ,toltec graces1 b develop$ _! civilization exclusively on its utilit>ian & practical side4 ,!y 7 no arti/s1 b ess5tially w>riors & m]*ants4 ,& ev5 _! m]*ants 7 (t5 at ! same "t spies :om ! k+s ( ,mexico s5t into ! c\ntries !y covet$1 to /udy _! res\rces1 _! /r5g? & _! weakness4 ,_! yoke 0 h>d4 ,!y rais$ heavy tributes4 ,_! policy 0 "o ( extreme c5tralization1 &1 )\t de/roy+ ! religion ( ! peoples conqu]$ by _! arms1 !y impos$ ^u !m ! wor%ip & ! supremacy ( _! own national deities4 ,_! w>like exp$itions bore a pron\nc$ religi\s "*4 ,! prie/s m>*$ at ! head ( ! soldi]s1 & bore ,aztec idols on _! backs4 ,on ! eve ( a battle !y k9dl$ fre% fire by ! friction ( wood2 & x 0 !y :o gave ! signal ( attack4 ,^! w>s _h pillage & conque/ z _! object1 b also & v specially ! capture ( victims to sacrifice to ! ,aztec gods4 ,= ! ,aztecs pu%$ ! sup]/iti\s practice ( human sacrifice to absolute fr5zy4 ,x 0 to ^! horrible sacrifices t !y attribut$ _! successes 9 w> & ! prosp]ity ( _! empire4 ,if !y exp]i5c$ a *eck or _h suff]$ any disa/]1 !y r$\bl$ _! blood-/a9$ (f]+s4 ,b note ?is trait1 s ess5tially pagan & 9 su* p]fect accord ) ! poly!i/ic ideas ( ! anci5t _w--!y sacrific$ to ! gods ( ! conqu]$ c\ntry too1 to %[ !m t x 0 n aga9/ !m !y 7 cont5d+1 & t ! new regime w\ld n rob !m ( ! homage to :i* !y 7 accu/om$4 ,! ,aztec deities 7 n jeal\s4 ,!y conf9$ !mselves to v9dicat+ _! own pre-em95ce4 ,aft] ea* fre% conque/1 ! ,aztecs rais$ a temple at ,mexico be>+ ! "n ( ! conqu]$ c\ntry1 & ?i!r !y transport$ natives ( ! place to c>ry on ! wor%ip aft] _! own cu/oms4 ,x seems t !y did n consid] ev5 ?is precaution en\gh2 = !y con/ruct$ a special edifice ne> ! great temple ( ,mexico1 :]e ! supreme deities ( ! ,aztec p 7 en?ron$1 & !re !y %ut up ! idols ( ! conqu]$ c\ntries4 ,?is 0 to prev5t _! escape1 %\ld ! desire come ov] !m to return to _! own peoples & help !m to revolt4#e ,all ?is w expla9 h[ x 0 t ,f]n&o ,cortes f\nd num]\s allies aga9/ ,montezuma's despotism among/ ! native peoples4 ,= x is an error1 g5]ally receiv$ inde$1 b contradict$ by hi/ory1 t ! ,spani% capta9 decid$ ! fate ( s r$\btable an empire1 & ( a city s vigor\sly def5d$ z ,mexico1 ) ! sole aid ( 8 ?\s& ,europeans4 ,= ! re/1 we are =c$ to ackn[l$ge t ! ,aztecs _h develop$ _! civilization1 9 its political & mat]ial aspects1 9 a way t does ! greate/ cr$it to _! sagacity4 ,prop]ty 0 organiz$ on ! individual & h]$it>y basis = ! noble families1 & on ! collective basis = ! p1 divid$ into communities4 ,! taxes 7 rais$ 9 k9d1 accord+ to fix$ rules4 ,numb]s ( slaves 7 *>g$ ) ! mo/ labori\s k9ds ( "w4 ,! m]*ants1 assembl$ 9 ! cities1 =m$ a v]itable ti]s-etat :i* ex]cis$ a gr[+ political influ5ce4 ,!re 7 m>kets1 ! abundance & weal? ( :i* /upefi$ ! ,spani>ds4 ,! luxury ( ! c\rt & ( ! great families 0 dazzl+4 ,no "o d>$ to address ! sov]eign save ) l[]$ voice1 &--/range cu/om 9 our eyes6--no "o appe>$ be=e him save ) nak$ feet & clad 9 sordid g>m5ts1 9 sign ( humility4 ,mexico _h be5 jo9$ to ! ma9l& by causeways1 along :i* an aqu$uct convey$ ! pure wat]s ( di/ant spr+s to ! city4 ,! irrigation works 9 ! c\ntry 7 num]\s & 9 good repair4 ,! /reets 7 cleans$ by day & light$ at night1 advantages 9 :i* none ( ! ,european capitals rejoic$ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,& f9ally1 = we _c dwell indef9itely ^u ?is subject1 let u note ! excell5t roads t /ret*$ f ,mexico to ! limits ( ! ,aztec empire & ! conf$]at$ /ates4 ,along ^! roads ! sov]eigns ( ,mexico _h e/abli%$1 at int]vals ( two leagues1 c\ri] po/s = ! transmission ( important news to !m4 ,montezuma he>d ( ! disemb>km5t ( ,f]n&o ,cortes ?ree days aft] x took place4 ,& n[ imag9e t ?is p 0 always av]se to navigation--0 ignorant ( use ( iron1 kn[+ only ( gold1 silv] & copp]--_h no bea/ ( traction or burd51 nei!r horse1 nor ass1 nor camel1 nor elephant1 nor ev5 ! llama ( ,p]u--0 )\t writ+ 7= ?\gh we f9d a k9d ( hi]oglyph on ! monum5ts ( ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica1 yet ! sy/em 0 n ( ! smalle/ avail = ord9>y life7--&1 f9ally1 _h no money except an inconsid]able numb] ( silv] crosses & cacao b]ries1 ! mass ( ex*anges be+ effect$ by b>t]6 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y work$ 9 /one ) admirable skill4 ,9 _! knives & lance & arr[ heads1 made ( obsidian1 !y a*iev$ rem>kable p]fection1 & !y excell$ 9 ! art ( supply+ ! place ( writ+ by pictures1 pa9t$ on a k9d ( aloe pap] or on cotton /uffs1 repres5t+ ! p]sons or ?+s z to :i* !y desir$ to convey in=mation4 ,su*1 !n1 is ! s+ul> p t ,spa9 0 de/9$ to conqu] 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 & ^: civilization1 ?\gh modifi$ by ! special ,aztec _s1 re/$ aft] all ^u ! same bases t _h su/a9$ ! m anci5t civilization ( ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,& ?is is equally true ( ! religion1 :i*1 ) all ! v>ieties impress$ ^u x by ! special g5ius or incl9ations ( ! div]se peoples1 reveals itself z re/+ ^u "o common basis1 f ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama to ! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia & ! m\?s ( ! ,rio del ,norte4 ,,iv4 ,"o ( ! fundam5tal traits ( ?is regional religion1 !n1 is ! pre-em95ce ( ! ,sun1 reg>d$ z a p]sonal & animat$ be+1 ov] all o!r div9ities4 ,at ,guatemala1 among/ ! ,lac&ones1 he 0 ador$ directly1 )\t any images4 ,among/ _! neighb\rs ! ,itzas1 n f> f ,v]a ,paz1 he 0 repres5t$ z a r\nd human head encircl$ by div]g+ rays & ) a great op5 m\?4 ,?is symbol1 inde$1 0 v widely spread 9 all t region4 ,(t5 ! ,sun is repres5t$ putt+ out 8 tongue1 :i* means t he lives & speaks4 ,= 9 ! ,am]ican hi]oglyphics1 a protrud$ tongue1 or a tongue plac$ by ! side ( any object1 is ! emblem ( life4 ,a m\nta9 ) a tongue repres5ts a volcano4 ,! ,sun 0 g5]ally associat$ ) ! ,moon z sp\se1 & !y 7 call$ ,gr&fa!r & ,gr&mo!r4 ,9 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 & 9 ! t]ritory ( ,mexico1 may be obs]v$ a numb] ( /one columns :i* are likewise /atues2 b ! head is g5]ally 9 ! middle1 & is s ov]laid ) ornam5ts or attributes1 t x is n v easy to discov] x4 ,^! are ,sun-columns4 ,z he trac$ ! %ad[ ( ^! monoli?s ^u ! soil day aft] day1 ! ,sun appe>$ to be c>ess+ !m1 lov+ !m1 tak+ !m z 8 fell[-work]s 9 measur+ ! "t4 ,^! same columns 7 also symbols ( fructify+ p[]4 ,(t5 ! ,sun has a *ild1 :o is no o!r ?an a d\blet ( himself1 b conceiv$ 9 human =m z ! civiliz]1 legislator & conqu]or1 be>+ div]se names accord+ to ! peoples ^: h]o-god & fir/ k+ he is repres5t$ z be+4 ,& = t matt]1 if we _h b ! "t1 we might long dwell on ! my?s ( ,yucatan1 ( ,guatemala 7among/ ! ,qui*es71 ( ,honduras1 & ( ,nic>agua4 ,by ! side ( ! ,sun & ,moon1 gr&fa!r & gr&mo!r1 !re 7 a numb] ( great & small deities 7"s ( !m extremely vici\s71 & among/ o!rs a god ( ra91 :o 0 call$ ,tohil by ! ,qui*es & ,tlaloc at ,mexico1 :]e he took 8 place among/ ! mo/ rev]$ deities4 ,8 "n signifies noise1 rumbl+4 ,among/ ! ,qui*es he _h a great temple at ,utatlan1 pyramidal 9 =m1 l all o!rs 9 ?is region ( ! _w1 :]e he 0 ! object ( a p]petual adoration (f]$ him by gr\ps ( f ?irte5 to eighte5 wor%ipp]s1 :o reliev$ ea* o!r 9 relays day & night4 ,human sacrifice 0 practis$ by all ^! peoples1 ?\gh n to su* an ext5t z among/ ! ,aztecs1 = !y only resort$ to x on r>e occasions4 ,x 0 especially girls t !y immolat$1 ) ! idea ( giv+ brides to ! gods4 ,!y 7 to ex]cise _! conjugal influ5ce 9 fav\rably dispos+ _! div9e consorts t[>ds ! sacrific]s4 ,9 ?is connection we f9d a tragi-comic /ory ( a "y victim ^: =c$ m>riage 0 n 9 ! lea/ to h] ta/e1 & :o ?reat5$ to pron\nce ! mo/ t]rible mal$ictions f heav5 ^u h] slaught]]s4 ,h] ?reats _h s mu* effect t !y let h] g1 & procur$ ano!r & less recalcitrant bride = ! deity4#f ,f9ally1 we w m5tion a mo/ *>act]i/ic deity 7:om we %all pres5tly recognize at ,mexico "u yet ano!r "n71 v>i\sly kn[n z ,cuculkan 7bird-s]p5t71 ,gucumatz 7fea!r$-s]p5t71 ,hurakan--:5ce our hurricane--,votan 7s]p5t71 c4 ,he is always a s]p5t1 & g5]ally fea!r$ or fly+4 ,he is a p]sonification ( ! w9d1 especially ( ! ea/ w9d1 :i* br+s ! f]tiliz+ ra9s 9 t di/rict4 ,almo/ ev]y:]e he is cr$it$ ) g5tle & b5efic5t dispositions1 & !re=e ) a c]ta9 ho/ility to human sacrifice4 ,x 0 ?is deity1 9 "o ( 8 =ms1 :o 0 wor%ipp$ 9 ! sacr$ isl& ( ,cozumel1 situat$ close to ,yucatan1 to :i* pilgrimages 7 made f great di/ances4 ,x 0 !re t ! ,spani>ds1 to _! great surprise1 fir/ obs]v$ a cross surm\nt+ ! temple ( ?is god ( ! w9d4 ,?is 0 ! />t+-po9t ( ! leg5d accord+ to :i* ! ,apo/le ,?omas _h ( old evangeliz$ ,am]ica4 ,x is a pure illusion4 ,! pagan cross ( ,c5tral ,am]ica & ,mexico is no?+ :atev] b ! symbol ( ! f\r c>d9al po9ts ( ! compass f :i* bl[ ! f\r *ief w9ds4 ,su* is ! common religi\s basis1 :i* we h simply sket*$ 9 its mo/ g5]al outl9es1 & ^u :i* ! m elaborate & sombre religion ( ! ,aztecs1 :i* we %all exam9e at our next meet+1 0 re>$4 ,pray obs]ve t we f9d 9 ?is gr\p ( connect$ beliefs & wor%ips some?+ q analog\s to ! poly!ism ( ! anci5t _w4 ,! only notable diff]5ce is1 t ! god ( ,heav51 ,dyaus1 ,v>una1 ,zeus1 ,ahura ,mazda1 or 79 ,*9a7 ,ti51 does n occupy ! same pre-em95t place 9 ! ,am]ican my?ology t he takes 9 its ,european & ,asiatic c\nt]p>ts4 ,= ! re/1 ! processes ( ! human _s are absolutely id5tical 9 ! two cont95ts4 ,9 bo? alike x is ! ph5om5a ( nature1 reg>d$ z animat$ & consci\s1 t wake & /imulate ! religi\s s5tim5t & become ! objects ( ! adoration ( man4 ,at ! same "t1 & 9 virtue ( ! same process ( int]nal logic1 ^! p]sonifi$ be+s come to be reg>d$ m & m z possess$ ( a nature sup]ior 9 p[] inde$1 b 9 all o!r respects closely con=m+1 to t ( man4 ,if nature-wor%ip1 ) ! animism t x eng5d]s1 %apes ! fir/ law to :i* nasc5t religion submits 9 ! human race1 an?ropomorphism furni%es ! second1 dis5gag+ itself ev] m & m completely f ! zoomorphism :i* g5]ally s]ves z an int]m$i>y4 ,?is is s ev]y:]e4 ,& ?us we may safely leave to e?nologi/s ! task ( decid+ :e!r ! :ole human race desc5ds f "o orig9al c\ple or f _m2 =1 spiritually speak+1 humanity 9 any case is "o4 ,x is "o same _s t animates x & is develop$ 9 x2 & ?is1 ! inconte/able unity ( our race1 is likewise ! only unity we ne$ c>e to insi/ on4 ,let u recognize x1 !n1 s9ce inde$ x imposes itself ^u u1 & let u confess t ! gospel did b anticipate ! la/ ^w ( sci5ce 9 proclaim+ univ]sal frat]nity4 ,& "h1 ,g5tlem51 we rea* "o ( ^? gr& g5]alizations :i* mu/ f9ally w9 ov] ev5 ^? :o are /ill incl9$ to di/ru/ ! philosophical hi/ory ( religions z a /udy t de/roys ! mo/ preci\s possessions ( humanity4 ,9 sett+ =? ! intellectual & moral unity ( mank9d1 ev]y:]e direct$ by ! same successive evolutions & ! same spiritual laws1 x br+s into light ! great pr9ciple ( human bro!rhood4 ,9 demon/rat+ t ^! evolutions1 9 spite ( all ! influ5ces ( ignorance1 ( selfi%ness & ( grossness1 conv]ge t[>ds a sublime1 ideal goal1 & are no o!r ?an ! my/]i\s b mighty & unbrok5 attraction to t unfa?omable ,p[] ( :i* ! univ]se is ! visible expression1 x f\nds on a basis ( reason ! augu/ s5tim5t ( ! div9e fa!rhood4 ,bro!r-m5 & "o ,fa!r-,god6--:at m does ! ?9k] ne$ to raise ! dignity ( our nature1 ! promises ( ! future1 ! sublimity ( our de/9y1 into a region :]e ! incon/ant waves ( a sup]ficial criticism c nev] rea* !m8 ,su* is ! ve/ibule ( ! et]nal ,temple2 & 9 approa*+ ! sanctu>y--albeit ,i may n "k ! v title by :i* be/ to call ! ,deity :o reigns 9 x--,i b[ my head ) t union ( humility & ( filial tru/ :i* con/itutes ! pure ess5ce ( religion4 ,b f ^! g5]al consid]ations we mu/ return to our m imm$iate subject4 ,at our next meet+1 ,g5tlem51 we are to /udy ! special beliefs & my?ology ( anci5t ,mexico4 ,,lecture ,,ii4 ,,! ,,deities ,,& ,,my?s ,,( ,,mexico4 ,,ladies ,,& ,,g5tlem51 ,x w be my task to-day to give an acc\nt ( ! ,mexican my?ology & religion1 re/+ z x does on ! f\ndation common to ! peoples ( ,c5tral ,am]ica1 b inspir$ by ! sombre1 utilit>ian1 matt]-(-fact1 yet vigor\s & e>ne/1 g5ius ( ! ,aztecs4 ,y w rememb] t ?is "n belongs to ! w>like & comm]cial p t enjoy$1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 a milit>y & political supremacy 9 ! region t is n[ call$ ,mexico1 aft] ! ,aztec capital ( t "n4 ,i4 ,to beg9 )1 we mu/ note t ! anci5t ,c5tral-,am]ican cultus ( ! ,sun & ,moon1 consid]$ z ! two supreme deities1 0 by no means r5\nc$ by ! ,aztecs4 ,ometecutli 7i4e4 twice ,"l7 & ,omecihuatl 7twice ,lady71 or 9 o!r words supreme ,"l & ,lady1 are ! designations "u :i* !y are always indicat$ 9 ! fir/ rank 9 ! religi\s =mulae4 ,all ! ,mexicans call$ !mselves *ildr5 ( ! ,sun1 & greet$ him e morn+ ) hymns & ) trumpet peals1 accompani$ ) (f]+s4 ,f\r times by day & f\r times by night1 prie/s :o 7 atta*$ to ! v>i\s temples address$ _! devotions to him4 ,& yet he _h no temple specially consecrat$ to him4 ,! fact 0 t all temples 7 really 81 mu* z 9 our own ,*ri/ian civilization all ! *ur*es are rais$ 9 hon\r ( ,god1 ?\gh p>ticul> designations are sev]ally giv5 to !m4 ,! ,sun 0 ! teotl 7i4e4 ! god7 p> excell5ce4 ,i am in=m$ t to ?is v day ! inhabitants ( seclud$ p>ts ( ,mexico1 z !y g to mass1 ?r[ a kiss to ! sun be=e ent]+ ! *ur*4 ,not)/&+ all ?is1 we h to obs]ve t1 by an inconsi/5cy :i* aga9 has its analogies 9 o!r religions1 ! cultus ( ! supreme deity & 8 consort 0 pretty mu* effac$ 9 ! popul> devotions & practices by t ( div9ities :o 7 p]haps less augu/1 & 9 "s cases 7 ev5 d]iv$ f ! sub/ance ( ! supreme deity himself1 b 9 any case seem$ to /& ne>] to humanity ?an he did4 ,m especially1 ! national deities ( ! ,aztecs1 ! gu>dians ( _! empire1 ^: wor%ip !y in/itut$ :]ev] _! arms _h triumph$1 practically took ! fir/ place4 ,x is ) ^! national deities t we are n[ to make acqua9tance1 & we _c d bett] ?an beg9 ) ! two great deities ( ! city ( ,mexico1 ^: colossal /atues 7 en?ron$ on its pr9cipal temple4 ,b fir/ we mu/ =m "s notion ( :at a ,mexican temple 04 ,! ^w temple1 if held to imply an enclos$ & cov]$ build+1 is v improp]ly appli$ to ! k9d ( edifice 9 "q4 ,inde$1 a ,mexican temple 7& ! same may be said ( mo/ ( ! sanctu>ies ( ,c5tral ,am]ica7 0 ess5tially a gigantic alt>1 ( pyramidal =m1 built 9 sev]al /ages1 contract+ z !y approa*$ ! summit4 ,! numb] ( ^! retreat+ /ories or t]races might v>y4 ,!re 7 nev] less ?an ?ree1 b !re might be z _m z five or six1 & 9 ,tezcuco "s ( ^! quasi-pyramids ev5 numb]$ n9e4 ,! "o t t[]$ ov] all ! re/ 9 ! city ( ,mexico 0 built 9 five /ages4 ,x measur$1 at its base1 ab\t ?ree hundr$ & sev5ty-five feet 9 l5g? & ?ree hundr$ 9 wid?1 & 0 ov] eighty feet high4 ,at a c]ta9 po9t 9 ea* t]race 0 ! /air t slop$ across ! side ( ! pyramid to ! t]race above2 b ! successive asc5ts 7 s arrang$ t x 0 necess>y to make ! complete circuit ( ! edifice 9 ord] to m\nt f "o /age to ano!r1 & consequ5tly ! gr& processions to :i* ! ,mexicans 7 s mu* devot$ mu/ h encircl$ ! :ole edifice f top to bottom1 l a huge liv+ s]p5t1 be=e ! van c\ld rea* ! broad plat=m at ! top1 & ?is mu/ h add$ n a little to ! picturesque effect ( ^! religi\s c]emonies4 ,su* an erection 0 call$ a teocalli or abode ( ! gods4 ,! great teocalli ( ,mexico comm&$ ! f\r *ief roads t p>t$ f its base to unite ! capital to all ! c\ntries b5ea? ! sceptre ( its rul]s4 ,x 0 ! palladium ( ! empire1 &1 z at ,j]usalem1 x 0 ! la/ refuge ( ! def5d]s ( ! national indep5d5ce4 ,! teocalli :i* ,f]n&o ,cortes & 8 companions saw at ,mexico1 & :i* ! conqu]or raz$ to ! gr\nd1 to replace x by a ,ca?olic *ur*1 0 n ( any great antiquity4 ,x _h be5 con/ruct$ ?irty-f\r ye>s be=e1 9 ! place ( ano!r mu* small] "o t dat$ f ! "t :5 ! ,aztecs 7 b an insignificant tribe2 & x seems t frightful human hecatombs _h ensangu9$ ! f\ndations ( ?is m rec5t teocalli4 ,"s au?orities speak ( sev5ty-two or eighty ?\s& victims1 :ile m mod]ate calculations r$uce ! numb] to tw5ty ?\s&1 :i* is surely t]rible en\gh4 ,9 front ( ! temple !re /ret*$ a spaci\s c\rt "s twelve hundr$ feet squ>e4 ,all ar\nd 7 small] build+s1 :i* s]v$ z habitations = ! prie/s1 & /ore-h\ses = ! app>atus ( wor%ip1 z well z ars5als1 oratories = ! sov]eign & ! gr&ees ( ! empire1 *apels = ! inf]ior deities & s on4 ,among/ ^! build+s 0 ! temple 9 :i*1 z ,i h said1 ! gods ( ! conqu]$ peoples 7 lit]ally imprison$4 ,9 ano!r ! ,spani>ds c\ld c\nt a hundr$ & ?irty-six ?\s& symmetrically-pil$ skulls4 ,!y 7 ! skulls ( all ! victims t _h be5 sacrific$ s9ce ! f\ndation ( ! sanctu>y4 ,&1 by a contra/ no less ?an mon/r\s1 side by side ) ?is monum5t ( ! mo/ atroci\s b>b>ism !re 7 halls devot$ to ! c>e ( ! poor & sick1 :o 7 t5d$ gratuit\sly by prie/s4#g ,:at a tissue ( contradictions is man6 ,b ! ,aztec religion does n all[ u to dwell ^u ! note ( t5d]ness4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! broad plat=m at ! summit /ood ! /one ( sacrifices1 a monoli? ab\t ?ree feet high1 slightly ridg$ on ! surface4 ,^u ?is /one ! victim 0 /ret*$ sup9e1 & :ile sundry subord9ate prie/s held 8 head1 arms & feet1 ! sacrific+ pontiff rais$ a heavy knife1 laid op5 8 bosom ) "o t]rific bl[1 & tore out 8 he>t to (f] x all ble$+ & palpitat+ to ! deity 9 ^: hon\r ! sacrifice 0 p]=m$4 ,& "h y w recognize t idea1 s widely spread 9 ! two ,am]icas1 & inde$ almo/ ev]y:]e among/ unciviliz$ peoples1 t ! he>t is ! epitome1 s to speak1 ( ! individual--8 s\l 9 "s s5se--s t to appropriate 8 he>t is to appropriate 8 :ole be+4 ,f9ally1 !re rose on ! same plat=m a k9d ( *apel 9 :i* 7 en?ron$ ! two *ief deities ( ! ,aztecs1 ,uitzilopo*tli & ,tezcatlipoca4#h ,& "h ,i w ask y to accompany ,capta9 ,b]nal ,diaz 9 ! ret9ue ( 8 *ief1 ,f]n&o ,cortes1 to :om ! k+ ,montezuma himself _h se5 fit to d ! hon\rs ( 8 ca!dral4 ,=1 z y are aw>e1 ,montezuma1 divid$ betwe5 a ra% confid5ce & c]ta9 appreh5sions :i* ,i %all pres5tly expla91 receiv$ ,cortes = a consid]able "t ) ! utmo/ di/9ction1 lodg$ him 9 "o ( 8 palaces1 & did ev]y?+ 9 ! _w to please him4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! n>rative ( ,b]nal ,diaz3#i ,montezuma invit$ u to ent] a little t[]1 :]e 9 a k9d ( *amb]1 or hall1 /ood :at appe>$ l two alt>s cov]$ ) ri* embroid]y4 7,:at ,b]nal ,diaz comp>$ to alt>s 7 ! two ,teoicpalli 7or seats ( ! gods71 :i* 7 wood5 p$e/als1 pa9t$ azure blue & be>+ a s]p5t's head at ea* corn]74444 ,! fir/ idol1 plac$ on ! "r1 we 7 told repres5t$ ,hui*ilobos1 _! god ( w> 7?is 0 z ne> z ,b]nal ,diaz c\ld get to ,uitzilopo*tli71 ) 8 face & c\nt5ance v broad1 8 eyes mon/r\s & t]rible2 all 8 body 0 cov]$ ) jewels1 gold & pe>ls ( v>i\s sizes4444 ,8 body 0 girt ) ?+s l great s]p5ts1 made ) gold & preci\s /ones1 & 9 "o h& he held a b[1 & arr[s 9 ! o!r4 ,& ano!r little idol :o /ood by him1 &1 z !y said1 0 8 page1 c>ri$ a %ort lance = him1 & a v ri* %ield ( gold & jewels4 ,& ,hui*ilobos _h 8 neck hung r\nd ) faces ( ,indians1 & :at seem$ to be ! he>ts ( ^! same ,indians1 made ( gold1 or "s ( !m ( silv]1 cov]$ ) blue gems2 & !re /ood "s brasi]s !re1 conta9+ inc5se made ) copal & ! he>ts ( ?ree ,indians :o _h be5 sla9 t same day2 & !y 7 burn+1 & ) ! smoke & inc5se !y _h made t sacrifice to him2 & all ! walls ( ?is oratory 7 s ba!d & black5$ ) cakes ( blood1 z 0 ! v gr\nd itself1 t ! :ole exhal$ a v f\l od\r4 ,c>ry+ our eyes to ! left we p]ceiv$ ano!r great mass1 z high z ,hui*ilobos4 ,its face 0 l a be>'s1 & its %9+ eyes 7 made ( mirrors call$ ,tezcat4 ,its body 0 cov]$ ) ri* gems l t ( ,hui*ilobos1 = !y said t !y 7 bro!rs4 ,& ?is ,tescatepuca 7! mutilat$ =m "u :i* ,b]nal ,diaz pres5ts ,tezcatlipoca7 0 ! god ( hell 7?is is ano!r mi/ake1 = ,tezcatlipoca 0 a cele/ial deity74444 ,8 body 0 surr\nd$ ) figures l little imps1 ) tails l s]p5ts2 & ! walls 7 s cak$ & ! gr\nd s saturat$ ) blood1 t ! slaught]h\ses ( ,ca/ile d n exhale su* a /5*2 & inde$ we saw ! he>ts ( five victims :o _h be5 slaught]$ t same day4444 ,& s9ce ev]y?+ smelt ( ! %ambles1 we 7 impati5t to escape f ! f\l od\r & yet f\l] sight4 ,,ii4 ,su* 0 ! impression made ^u a ,spani% soldi] & a good ,ca?olic by ! sight ( ! two *ief deities ( ! ,mexican p4 ,to him !y 7 simply two abom9able inv5tions ( ,satan4 ,let u try to g a little fur!r bel[ ! surface4 ,uitzilopo*tli signifies ,humm+-bird to ! left1 f ,uizil9 7,humm+-bird71 & opo*tli 7to ! left74 ,! latt] "p ( ! "n is probably due to ! position we h j se5 notic$ to ! left ( ! o!r great deity1 ,tezcatlipoca4 ,b :y ,humm+-bird8 ,:at c !re be 9 common betwe5 ?is graceful little creature & ! mon/r\s idol ( ! ,aztecs8 ,! answ] is giv5 by ! ,am]ican my?ology1 9 :i* ! ,humm+-bird is a div9e be+1 ! mess5g] ( ! ,sun4 ,9 ! ,aztec language x is (t5 call$ ! sunbeam or ! sun's hair4 ,?is *>m+ little bird1 ) ! purple1 gold & topaz %e5 ( its lovely plumage1 z x flits among/ ! fl[]s l a butt]fly1 d>ts out its long tongue be=e x to extract _! juices1 ) a burr+ ( its w+s l ! humm+ ( bees1 :5ce x d]ives its ,engli% "n4 ,moreov]1 x is extremely c\rage\s1 & w engage ) f> l>g] birds ?an itself 9 def5ce ( its ne/4 ,9 ! nor!rn regions ( ,mexico1 ! humm+-bird is ! mess5g] ( spr+1 z ! swall[ is ) u4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ,may1 aft] a cold & dry season t has p>*$ ! soil & blight$ all v]dure1 ! atmosph]e becomes pregnant ) ra91 ! sun rega9s 8 p[]1 & a m>vell\s trans=mation sets 94 ,! l& arrays itself1 be=e ! v eyes1 ) v]dure & fl[]s1 ! air is fill$ ) p]fumes1 ! maize comes to a head1 & ho/s ( humm+-birds appe>1 z if to ann\nce t ! fair season has return$4 ,we may lay x d[n z c]ta9 t ! humm+-bird 0 ! object ( a religi\s cultus among/ ! e>lie/ ,aztecs1 z ! div9e mess5g] ( ! ,spr+1 l ! wr5 among/ our own peasantry1 ! plov] among/ ! ,lat9s1 & ! cr[ among/ _m tribes ( ! ,r$-sk9s4 ,x 0 ! emiss>y ( ! ,sun4 ,x 0 9 ?is capacity1 & "u ! law ( an?ropomorphism to :i* all ! ,mexican deities 7 subject1 t ! div9e humm+-bird1 z a reveal+ god1 ! protector ( ! ,aztec nation1 took ! human =m m & m completely 9 ! religi\s consci\sness ( 8 wor%ipp]s4 ,& inde$ ! ,mexican my?ology gives =m to ?is idea t ! div9e humm+-bird 7( :i* ^? on e>? 7 b ! relatives or little bro!rs7 0 a cele/ial man l an ,aztec ( ! fir/ rank1 9 ! foll[+ leg5d ( 8 inc>nation4 ,ne> to ,coatepec1 t is to say ! ,m\nta9 ( ,s]p5ts1#aj liv$ ! pi\s wid[ ,coatlicue or ,coatlantona 7! ultimate mean+ ( :i* is female s]p5t74 ,"o day1 z %e 0 go+ to ! temple to wor%ip ! ,sun1 %e saw a little tuft ( brilliantly col\r$ fea!rs fall at h] feet4 ,%e pick$ x up & plac$ x 9 h] bosom to pres5t z an (f]+ to ! ,sun4 ,b :5 %e 0 ab\t to draw x =?1 %e knew n :at _h come ^u h]4 ,soon aft]w>ds %e p]ceiv$ t %e 0 ab\t to become a "m4 ,h] *ildr5 7 s enrag$ t !y det]m9$ to kill h]1 b a voice f h] womb cri$ out to h]1 ,"m1 h no fe>1 = ,i w save !e1 to ?y great hon\r & my own great glory4 ,& 9 fact ,coatlicue's *ildr5 fail$ 9 _! murd]\s attempt4 ,9 due "t ,uitzilopo*tli 0 born1 grasp+ 8 %ield & lance1 ) a plume ( fea!rs %ap$ l a bird's beak on 8 head1 ) humm+-birds' fea!rs on 8 left leg1 & 8 face1 arms & legs b>r$ ) blue4 ,end[$ f 8 bir? ) extraord9>y /r5g?1 :ile /ill an infant he put to dea? ^? :o _h attempt$ to slay 8 "m1 toge!r ) all :o _h tak5 _! "p4 ,he gave h] ev]y?+ he c\ld take f !m2 & aft] accompli%+ mighty feats on behalf ( ! ,aztecs1 :om he _h tak5 "u 8 protection1 he re-asc5d$ to heav51 be>+ 8 "m ) him1 & mak+ h] h5ce=? ! goddess ( fl[]s4#aa ,y w be /ruck by ! analogy betwe5 ?is my? & m ?an "o ,greek c\nt]p>t4 ,!re is ! same me?od ( r$uc+ to ! conditions ( human life1 & conc5trat+ at a s+le po9t ( "t & space1 a p]man5t or regul>ly recurr5t & p]iodic natural ph5om5on4 ,uitzilopo*tli1 ! humm+-bird1 has come f ! ,sun ) ! purpose ( mak+ himself man1 & he has !re=e tak5 fle% 9 an ,aztec woman1 ,coatlicue1 ! s]p5t1 :o is no o!r ?an ! spr+ floresc5ce1 & !re=e ! ,mexican ,flora4 ,x is n only among/ ! ,mexicans t ! creep+ progress ( ! spr+ vegetation1 /ret*+ along ! gr\nd t[>ds ! ,nor?1 has sugge/$ ! idea ( a div9e s]p5t crawl+ ov] ! e>?4 ,! ,a!nian my? ( ,eri*?onius is a conception ( ! same ord]4 ,! cele/ial humm+-bird1 !n1 (fspr+ ( ! ,sun1 valiant & w>like f ! day ( 8 bir?1 *ampion ( 8 "m1 plund]+ & ev] victori\s1 is ! symbol in/9ctively seiz$ on by ! ,aztec p2 = x1 too1 _h sprung f humble beg9n+s1 _h be5 despis$ & m5ac$ by its neighb\rs1 & _h gr[n s m>vell\sly 9 p[] & 9 weal? z to h become ! inv9cible "l ( ,anahuac4 ,uitzilopo*tli _h gr[n ) ! ,aztec p4 ,he be>s1 among/ o!r surnames1 t ( ,mextli1 ! w>rior1 :5ce ! "n ( ,mexico4 ,he protects 8 p & ev] ext5ds ! b\nd>ies ( its empire4 ,& ?us1 9 spite ( 8 be>+ ! "n ( a little bird1 8 /atue z an inc>nate deity _h become colossal4 ,yet ! ,aztecs did n lose ! memory ( 8 orig9al m9ut5ess ( /ature4 ,did y obs]ve1 9 ! acc\nt giv5 by ,b]nal ,diaz1 t !re /ood at ! feet ( ! huge idol ano!r q small "o1 t s]v$1 accord+ to ! ,spani% ,capta91 z 8 page8 ,?is 0 ! ,uitziton1 or little humm+-bird1 call$ also ! ,paynalton1 or ! little quick "o1 ^: image 0 borne by a prie/ at ! head ( ! soldi]s z !y *>g$ ! enemy4 ,on ! day ( 8 fe/ival1 too1 he 0 borne at full spe$ along ! /reets ( ! city4 ,he 01 !re=e1 ! dim9utive ,uitzilopo*tli1 or1 m correctly speak+1 ! ,uitzilopo*tli ( ! e>ly days1 ! portable idol ( ! /ill w&]+ tribe2 & 9 fidelity to ^? memories1 z well z to pres]ve ! w>like rite to ! efficacy ( :i* !y atta*$ s mu* value1 ! ,aztecs _h kept ! small /atue by ! side ( ! great "o4 ,to sum up3 ,uitzilopo*tli 0 a d]ivative =m or det]m9ation ( ! ,sun1 & specifically ( ! ,sun ( ! fair season4 ,he _h ?ree great annual fe/ivals4 ,! fir/ fell 9 ,may1 at ! mom5t ( ! return ( ! fl[]+ vegetation4 ,! second 0 celebrat$ 9 ,augu/1 :5 ! fav\rable season unfold$ all its beauty4 ,! ?ird co9cid$ ) our mon? ( ,decemb]4 ,x 0 ! beg9n+ ( ! cold & dry season4 ,on ! day ( ?is ?ird fe/ival !y made a /atue 9 ,uitzilopo*tli's lik5ess1 out ( d\gh concoct$ ) ! blood ( sacrific$ infants1 &1 aft] all k9ds ( c]emonies1 a prie/ pi]c$ ! /atue ) an arr[4 ,uitzilopo*tli w\ld die ) ! v]dure1 ! fl[]s & all ! beaute\s adornm5ts ( spr+ & summ]4 ,b1 l ,adonis1 l ,osiris1 l ,atys1 & s _m o!r sol> deities1 he only di$ to live & to return aga94#ab ,x 0 n[ 8 bro!r ,tezcatlipoca :o took ! direction ( ! _w4 ,8 "n signifies ,%9+ ,mirror4 ,z ! ,sun ( ! cold & /]ile season1 he turn$ 8 impassive glance ^u all ! _w1 or gaz$ into ! mirror ( poli%$ cry/al t he held 9 8 h&1 9 :i* all ! actions ( m5 7 reflect$4 ,he 0 a /]n god ( judgm5t1 ) ^: be+ ideas ( moral retribution 7 associat$4 ,he 0 !re=e mu* dread$4 ,up to a c]ta9 po9t he rem9ds u ( ! ,v$ic ,v>una4 ,8 /atue 0 made ( d>k obsidian rock1 & 8 face recall$ t ( ! be> or tapir4 ,susp5d$ to 8 hair1 :i* 0 plait$ into a tail & enclos$ 9 a gold5 net1 !re hung an e>1 :i* 0 likewise made ( gold1 t[>ds :i* !re m\nt$ flocks ( smoke 9 ! =m ( tongues4 ,^! 7 ! pray]s & supplications ( mortals4 ,maladies1 fam9es & dea?1 7 ! manife/ations ( ,tezcatlipoca's ju/ice4 ,dry z ! season ov] :i* he presid$1 he 0 n easily mov$4 ,& yet he 0 n absolutely inexorable4 ,! ard5t pray]s1 ! sacrifices & ! supplications ( 8 prie/s might av]t ! /rokes ( 8 wra?4 ,b 9 spite ( all1 he 0 pre-em95tly ! god ( au/]e law4 ,& ?is is :y he 0 reg>d$ z ! civiliz+ & organiz+ deity ( ! ,aztecs4 ,x 0 he :o _h e/abli%$ ! laws t gov]n$ ! p & :o wat*$ ov] _! obs]vance4 ,9 ?is capacity he made frequ5t j\rneys ( inspection1 l an invisible prefect ( police1 ?r\gh ! city ( ,mexico1 to see :at 0 go+ on !re4 ,/one seats _h be5 erect$ 9 ! /reets = him to re/ ^u on ^! occasions1 & no mortal w\ld h d>$ to occupy !m4 ,at ! same "t a t]rible & cruel subtlety 9 ! means he employ$ to accompli% 8 ends 0 attribut$ to him2 & ! leg5d ab\t him1 :i* is f> less brilliant ?an t ( 8 bro!r ,uitzilopo*tli1 l$ sev]al ,europeans to believe t he 0 simply an anci5t magician :o _h spread t]ror ar\nd him by 8 sorc]ies4 ,all ?is we see exemplifi$ 9 8 conflicts ) a ?ird great deity :om we %all next describe4 ,9 any case we may def9e ,tezcatlipoca z ano!r det]m9ation ( ! ,sun1 & specifically ( ! w9t] ,sun ( ! cold1 dry1 /]ile season4#ac ,! ?ird great deity is ,quetzalcoatl1 t is to say ! fea!r$ s]p5t1 or ! s]p5t-bird2 & x is specially notewor?y1 9 connection ) ! elevat$ rank :i* he occupi$ 9 ! ,mexican pan!on1 t he 0 n an ,aztec deity1 b "o ( ! anci5t gods ( ! invad$ c\ntry4 ,he 0 9 fact a ,toltec deity1 & we recognize 9 8 "n1 z well z 9 ! special notes 9 ! leg5d conc]n+ him1 t god ( ! w9d :om we "k already 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica "u ! v>y+ names ( ,cuculcan1 ,hurakan1 ,gucumatz1 ,votan & s =?4 ,he is almo/ always a s]p5t1 & a s]p5t ) fea!rs4 ,8 temple at ,mexico dep>t$ altoge!r f ! pyramidal type t we h describ$4 ,x 0 dome-%ap$ & cov]$4 ,! entrance 0 =m$ by a great s]p5t-m\?1 wide op5 & %[+ its fangs1 s t ! ,spani>ds ?\ght x repres5t$ a gate ( hell4 ,quetzalcoatl's prie/s 7 clo!d 9 :ite1 :]eas ! ord9>y g>b ( ! ,mexican prie/s 0 black4 ,!re 0 some?+ my/]i\s & occult ab\t ! prie/hood ( ?is deity1 z ?\gh x 7 possess$ ( div9e secrets or promises1 ! importance ( :i* x w\ld be dang]\s to und]value4 ,a special av]sion to human sacrifice1 & especially to ! frightful abuse ( ! practice among/ ! ,aztecs1 0 attribut$ to ?is god & 8 prie/s1 9 passive prote/1 z x 71 aga9/ ! sangu9>y rites to :i* ! ,aztecs attribut$ ! prosp]ity ( _! empire4 ,! leg5d ( ,quetzalcoatl1 z ! ,aztecs transmitt$ x to ! ,spani>ds1 is a motley concat5ation ( euhem]iz$ my?s4 ,its hi/orical basis is ! cont9u\s retreat ( ! ,toltecs be=e ! nor!rn invad]s1 ) _! god ,tezcatlipoca4 ,?is latt] deity becomes a magician1 cunn+ & malici\s en\gh to get ! bett] ( ! g5tle ,quetzalcoatl on e occasion4 ,i regret t "t w n all[ me to tell 9 detail ( ! combat betwe5 ,tezcatlipoca & ,quetzalcoatl4 ,! latt] 0 a sov]eign :o liv$ long ago at ,tulla1 ! nor!rn focus ( ,toltec civilization4 ,"u 8 sceptre m5 liv$ 9 great happ9ess & enjoy$ abundance ( ev]y?+4 ,he _h taught !m agriculture1 ! use ( ! metals1 ! art ( cutt+ /one1 ! means ( fix+ ! cal5d>2 & be+ oppos$ to ! sacrifice ( human victims--note ?is--he _h advis$ _! replacem5t by ! draw+ ( blood f ! tongue1 ! lips1 ! *e/1 ! legs1 c4 ,tezcatlipoca succe$$ by 8 en*antm5ts 9 de/roy+ ?is rule ( peace & prosp]ity1 & =c$ ,quetzalcoatl to quit ,tulla1 :i* !reupon fell 9 ru9s4 ,he !n pursu$ him into ,*olula1 ! anci5t sacr$ city ( ! ,toltecs1 9 :i* he _h s\ght refuge1 & 9 :i* he _h aga9 made happ9ess & abundance reign4 ,f9ally1 he =c$ him to quit ! cont95t altoge!r1 & emb>k 9 a my/]i\s vessel n f> f ,v]a ,cruz1 ne> to ! v spot :]e ,cortes disemb>k$4 ,s9ce !n ,quetzalcoatl _h disappe>$2 ,b wait6 said 8 prie/s1 = he w return4 ,?is expectation ( ,quetzalcoatl's return furni%es a k9d ( p>allel to ! ,messianic hope1 or m closely yet to ! e>ly ,*ri/ian expectation ( ! p>\sia or second com+ ( ! ,*ri/4 ,= :5 he return$1 x w\ld be to puni% 8 enemies1 to *a/ise ! wick$1 ! oppressors & ! tyrants4 ,& t is :y ! ,aztecs dread$ 8 return1 & :y !y _h n d>$ to proscribe 8 cultus1 b1 on ! contr>y1 recogniz$ x & c>ri$ x on4 ,& if y w\ld "k ! real secret ( ! success ( ,f]n&o ,cortes 9 8 wild ent]prize--=1 aft] all1 ! ,mexican sov]eign c\ld easily h cru%$ him & 8 h&ful ( m51 by mak+ a hecatomb ( !m be=e !y _h _h "t to entr5* !mselves & make allies--y w f9d x 9 ! fact t ,montezuma1 ^: consci5ce 0 oppress$ ) m crimes ?an "o1 _h a v lively dread ( ,quetzalcoatl's return2 & :5 he 0 in=m$ t at ! v po9t :]e ! dread$ god _h emb>k$1 to disappe> 9 ! unkn[n ,ea/1 /range & t]rible be+s _h be5 se5 to disemb>k1 be>+ ) !m fragm5ts ( ?und]bolts1 9 tubes t !y c\ld dis*>ge :5ev] !y w\ld--"s ( !m hav+ two heads & six legs1 swift] ( foot ?an ! fleete/ m5--,montezuma c\ld n d\bt t--x 0 ,quetzalcoatl return+1 & in/ead ( s5d+ 8 troops aga9/ ,cortes1 he pref]r$ to negotiate ) him1 to all[ him to approa*1 & to receive him 9 8 own palace4 ,& al?\gh d\bts soon ass]t$ !mselves 9 8 m9d1 yet he long reta9$1 p]haps ev5 to ! la/1 a sup]/iti\s dread ( ,cortes1 t enabl$ ! latt] to secure a complete asc5dancy ov] him4 ,?is1 ,i repeat1 0 ! secret ( ! bold ,spani>d's success2 nor c we ev] und]/& ! matt] rightly unless we take into consid]ation ! significance ( ?is wor%ip ( ,quetzalcoatl t ! ,aztecs _h cont9u$ to respect1 ?\gh all ! :ile flatt]+ !mselves t _! own god1 ,tezcatlipoca1 w\ld be able once m to protect !m aga9/ 8 anci5t adv]s>y4 ,ye>s aft] ! conque/1 ,fa!r ,sahagun _h /ill to answ] ! "q ( ! natives1 :o ask$ him :at he knew ( ! c\ntry ( ,quetzalcoatl4#ad ,:at1 !n1 0 ! fundam5tal significance ( ?is fea!r$ ,s]p5t t s pre-occupi$ ! religi\s consci\sness ( ! ,aztecs8 ,he 0 n ! ,sun4 ,! ,sun does n disappe> 9 ! ,ea/4 ,he 0 a god ( ! w9d1 z ,fa!r ,sahagun p]fectly well und]/ood1 b ( t w9d 9 p>ticul> t br+s ov] ! p>*$ l& ( ,mexico ! tepid & f]tiliz+ exhalations ( ! ,atlantic4 ,& ?is is :y ,tezcatlipoca1 ! god ( ! cold & dry season1 r ?an ,uitzilopo*tli1 is 8 p]sonal enemy4 ,x is t[>ds ! end ( ! dry season t ! f]tiliz+ %[]s beg9 to fall on ! ea/]n %ores1 & little by little to rea* ! high] l&s ( ! int]ior4 ,! fly+ ,s]p5t1 !n1 ! w9d t comes l a huge bird ^u ! air1 br++ life & abundance ) x1 is a b5evol5t deity :o spreads prosp]ity :]ev] he goes4 ,b he does n always brea! ov] ! l&1 & does n c>ry 8 bless$ moi/ure ev]y:]e4 ,tezcatlipoca appe>s4 ,! l(ty plateaux ( ,tulla1 ( ,mexico & ( ,*olula1 are ! fir/ victims ( 8 desolat+ =ce4 ,quetzalcoatl )draws ev] fur!r & fur!r to ! ,ea/1 & at la/ disappe>s 9 ! great ocean4 ,su* is ! natural basis ( ! my? ( ,quetzalcoatl1 & ! ju/ification ( my rem>k t we f9d 9 him ! p5dant ( ^? deities1 s]p5ts & birds 9 "o1 :o 7 ador$ 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 & :o answ]$1 l ,quetzalcoatl1 to ! idea ( ! ,atlantic w9d4 ,he 01 9 tru?1 ! anci5t deity t ! ,nahuas or ,mayas ( ! civiliz$ immigrations br\ght ) !m :5 !y settl$ 9 ,anahuac & /ill fur!r ,nor?4 ,l all ! o!r gods ( ^! regions1 ,quetzalcoatl _h assum$ ! human %ape m & m completely4 ,we /ill possess1 especially 9 ! ,trocad]o ,museum at ,p>is1 great blocks ( /one on :i* he is repres5t$ z a s]p5t cov]$ ) fea!rs1 coil$ up & sleep+ till ! "t comes = him to wake4 ,b !re are also /atues ( him 9 human =m1 save t 8 body is surm\nt$ by a bird's head1 ) ! tongue project$4 ,n[ 9 ! ,mexican hi]oglyphie ?is bird's head1 ) ! tongue put out1 is no o!r ?an ! symbol ( ! w9d4 ,h5ce1 too1 8 names ( ,tohil ! humm] or ! :isp]]1 ,ehecatl ! breeze1 ,nauihehecatl ! "l ( ! f\r w9ds1 c4 ,! naturali/ic mean+ ( ,quetzalcoatl1 !n1 _c admit ( ! smalle/ d\bt4 ,x is probably to ! m g5tle & humane religi\s t5d5cy :i* 0 kept alive by ! prie/hood ( ?is deity1 t we mu/ attribute ! attempt$ re=m ( ! k+ ( ,tezcuco1 ,netzalhuatcoyotl 7! fa/+ coyote71 :o has be5 call$ ! ,mexican ,solomon4 ,he 0 a poet & philosoph] z well z k+1 & _h no love ei!r ( idolatry or ( sangu9>y sacrifices4 ,he _h a great pyramidal teocalli ( n9e /ages erect$ 9 8 capital = ! wor%ip ( ! god ( heav51 to :om he br\ght no (f]+s except fl[]s & p]fumes4 ,he di$ 9 #adgb1 &1 z f> z we c see1 8 re=mation made no progress4 ,! ev]-increas+ prepond]ance ( ! ,aztecs 0 z unfav\rable z possible to ?is humane & spiritual t5d5cy 9 religion4#ae ,yet "o loves to dwell ^u ! fact1 t ev5 9 ! mid/ ( a religion /eep$ 9 blood1 a prote/ 0 inspir$ by ! s5tim5t ( humanity1 l9k$1 z x %\ld always be1 ) ! progress ( religi\s ?\ght4 ,,iii4 ,we mu/ n[ proce$ ) our review ( ! ,mexican deities1 b ,i mu/ be cont5t ) indicat+ ! mo/ important among/ !m2 = )\t admitt+1 ) ,gom>a--:o regi/]$ _m names & epi!ts belong+ to "o & ! same div9ity z indicat+ s _m di/9ct be+s--t _! numb] rose to two ?\s&1 we f9d t ! mo/ mod]ate e/imate ( ! hi/orians raises !m to two hundr$ & sixty4 ,we %all conf9e ourselves1 !n1 to ! mo/ significant4 ,! importance ( ra9 9 ! regions ( ,mexico1 s m>k$ 9 ! my?s we h already consid]$1 prep>es u to f9d among/ ! great gods ! figure ( ,tlaloc1 ^: "n signifies ! n\ri%]1 & :o 0 ! god ( ra94 ,he 0 believ$ to reside 9 ! m\nta9s1 :5ce he s5t ! cl\ds4 ,he 0 also ! god ( fecundity4 ,lightn+ & ?und] 7 among/ 8 attributes1 & 8 "* 0 no m amiable ?an t ( ! ,mexican deities 9 g5]al4 ,8 cultus 0 extremely cruel4 ,numb]s ( *ildr5 7 sacrific$ to him4 ,8 /atues 7 cut 9 a gre5i% :ite /one1 ( ! col\r ( wat]4 ,9 "o h& he held a sceptre1 ! symbol ( lightn+2 9 ! o!r1 a ?und]bolt4 ,he 0 a cyclops2 t is to say1 he _h b "o eye1 :i* %[s t he mu/ be ultimately id5tifi$ z an anci5t p]sonification ( ! ra9y sky1 ^: "o eye is ! sun4 ,8 huge m\?1 g>ni%$ ) crimson tee?1 0 always op51 to signify 8 gre$ & 8 sangu9>y ta/es4 ,8 wife 0 ,*al*ihuitlicue1 ! lady ,*al*ihuit1 ^: "n is id5tical ) t ( a s(t gre5 jade /one t 0 mu* valu$ 9 ,mexico4 ,h] num]\s (fspr+1 ! ,tlalocs1 probably repres5t ! cl\ds4 ,side by side ) ! hide\s sacrifices ( :i* ,tlaloc's fe/ival 0 ! occasion1 we may note ! grotesque c]emony 9 :i* 8 prie/s flung !mselves pell-mell into a pond1 imitat+ ! action & ! note ( frogs4 ,?is is b "o ( a ?\s& pro(s t 9 ! rites int5d$ to conciliate ! nature-gods1 x 0 ?\ght well to reproduce 9 mimicry ! actions ( ^? creatures :o 7 suppos$ to be _! fav\rites or *os5 s]vants4 ,! frogs 7 manife/ly lov$ by ! god ( ! wat]s1 & to secure 8 good graces 8 prie/s1 z 0 b natural1 trans=m$ !mselves into frogs likewise4 ,x 0 ) ?is cultus especially t ! symbol ( ! ,mexican cross 0 connect$1 z indicat+ ! f\r po9ts ( ! horizon f :i* ! w9d might bl[4 ,c5teotl 0 ano!r great deity1 a k9d ( ,mexican ,c]es or ,demet]4 ,%e 0 ! goddess ( ,agriculture1 & v specially ( maize4 ,inde$1 h] "n signifies maize-goddess1 be+ d]iv$ f c5tli 7maize7 & teotl 7div9e be+74 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 inasmu* z ?is goddess _h a son :o bore ! same "n z h]self1 ,c5teotl /&s = a male deity4 ,! female deity is (t5 repres5t$ ) a *ild 9 h] arms1 l a ,madonna4 ,?is *ild1 :o is no o!r ?an ! maize itself1 gr[s up1 becomes an adult god1 & is ! mascul9e ,c5teotl4 ,! fem99e ,c5teotl1 moreov]1 be>s _m o!r names1 su* z ,tonantz9 7our rev]$ "m71 ,cihuatcoatl 7lady s]p5t71 & v (t5 ,toci or ,tocitz9 7our gr&mo!r74 ,%e 0 sometimes repres5t$ 9 ! =m ( a frog1 ! symbol ( ! moi/5$ e>?1 ) a ho/ ( m\?s or brea/s on h] body4 ,%e _h also a daught]1 ,xilon51 ! "y maize-e>1 correspond+ to ! ,p]sephone or ,kore ( ! ,greeks4 ,h] face 0 pa9t$ yell[1 ! col\r ( ! maize4 ,h] "*1 at lea/ among/ ! ,aztecs1 _h no?+ idyllic ab\t x1 & we %all h to return pres5tly to ! frightful sacrifices :i* 7 celebrat$ 9 h] hon\r4 ,next comes ! god ( ,fire1 ,xiuhtecutli 7! ,"l ,fire71 a v anci5t deity1 z we see by "o ( 8 _m surnames1 ,huehueteotl 7! old god74 ,he is repres5t$ nak$1 ) 8 *9 black5$1 ) a head-dress ( gre5 fea!rs1 c>ry+ on 8 back a k9d ( s]p5t ) yell[ fea!rs1 ?us comb9+ ! diff]5t fire col\rs4 ,& inasmu* z he look$ across a disk ( gold1 call$ ! look+-plate1 we may ask :e!r 8 primitive significance 0 n v closely alli$ to t ( ,tezcatlipoca1 ! %9+ mirror ( ! cold season4 ,sacrifice 0 (f]$ to him daily4 ,9 e h\se ! fir/ libation & ! fir/ morsel ( bread 7 consecrat$ to him4 ,& f9ally1 z an in/ance ( ! a/\nd+ resemblance t is =c$ ^u our att5tion betwe5 ! religi\s developm5t ( ! ,old ,_w & t ( ! ,new1 only conceive t 9 ,mexico1 z 9 anci5t ,iran & o!r c\ntries ( ,asia & ,europe1 ! fire 9 e h\se mu/ be ext+ui%$ on a c]ta9 day 9 e ye>1 & ! prie/ ( ,xiuhtecutli k9dl$ fire anew by friction be=e ! /atue ( 8 god4 ,y are aw>e t ?is rite1 ) :i* s _m cu/oms & sup]/itions are connect$1 re/s on ! idea t ,fire is a div9e be+1 ( cele/ial & pure orig91 :i* is %ut up 9 ! wood1 & :i* is contam9at$ 9 ! long run by contact ) m5 & ) human affairs4 ,h5ce x foll[s t 9 ord] = x to reta9 its virtues1 to cont9ue to act z a purifi] & to spread its bless+s among/ m51 x mu/ be br\ght d[n anew1 f "t to "t1 f its div9e s\rce4#af ,! ,aztecs also _h a ,v5us1 a goddess ( ,love1 :o bore ! "n ( ,tlazolteotl 7! goddess ( ,s5suality74#ag ,at ,tlascala %e 0 kn[n by ! m elegant "n ( ,xo*iquetzal 7! fl[]y plume74 ,%e liv$ 9 heav51 9 a beautiful g>d51 sp9n+ & embroid]+1 surr\nd$ by dw>fs & buffoons1 :om %e kept = h] amusem5t4 ,we he> ( a battle ( ! gods ( :i* %e 0 ! object4 ,?\gh ! wife ( ,tlaloc1 %e 0 lov$ & c>ri$ (f by ,tezcatlipoca4 ,?is probably gives u ! clue to h] my?ic orig94 ,%e mu/ h be5 ! aquatic vegetation ( ! m>% l&s1 possess$ by ! god ( wat]s1 till ! sun dries h] up & %e disappe>s4 ,! leg5d ab\t h] is n v edify+4 ,x 0 %e--to m5tion only a s+le feat--:o prevail$ ov] ! pi\s h]mit ,yappan1 :5 he _h victori\sly resi/$ all o!r temptations4 ,aft] 8 fall he 0 *ang$ into a scorpion2 & t is :y ! scorpion1 full ( wra? at ! memory ( 8 fall & flee+ ! daylight1 is s poison\s & lives hidd5 "u /ones4#ah ,we h /ill to m5tion ,mixcoatl1 ! cl\d-s]p5t1 ^: "n survives to our day z ! designation ( wat]-sp\ts 9 ,mexico1 & :o 0 specially wor%ipp$ by ! /ill almo/ savage populations ( ! seclud$ m\nta9 di/ricts1--,omacatl1 ! d\ble re$1 a k9d ( ,momus1 ! god ( good *e]1 :o may v well be a second>y =m ( ,tlaloc1 & :o av5g$ himself1 :5 defraud$ ( due homage1 by int]sp]s+ hairs & o!r disagreeable objects among/ ! vi&s1--,ixtlilton1 ! br[n1 a sort ( ,esculapius1 ! heal+ god1 ^: prie/ concoct$ a blacki% liquid t pass$ z an efficaci\s rem$y = e k9d ( disease1--,yacatecutli1 ! "l guide1 ! god ( travell]s & ( comm]ce1 ^: ord9>y symbol 0 ! /ick ) a c>v$ h&le c>ri$ by ! ,mexicans :5 on a j\rney1 :o 0 s$ul\sly wor%ipp$ by ! comm]cial & middle classes ( ,mexico1 & 9 connection ) :om we may note t e ,mexican1 :5 travell+1 w\ld be c>eful to fix 8 /ick 9 ! gr\nd e ev5+ & pay 8 respectful devotions to x1#ai--;&1 f9ally1 ,xipe1 ! bald1 or ! flay$1 ! god ( goldsmi?s1 probably ano!r =m ( ,uitzilopo*tli 7^: fe/ival co9cid$ ) 871 d]iv+ 8 "n app>5tly f ! poli%+ process to :i* gold 7no d\bt reg>d$ z belong+ to ! sub/ance ( ! sun7 _h to und]go to give x ! requir$ brilliance1 & to ^: hide\s cultus we %all h to return 9 our next ,lecture4 ,i mu/ n[ be brief1 & w only speak fur!r ( ! ,tepitoton1 t is to say1 ! little t9y ones1 m9ute dome/ic idols1 ! numb] ( :i* 0 incalculable4 ,!y ins5sibly l[] to ! level ( animism & feti%ism t religion :i*1 z we h se51 be>s comp>ison 9 its gr&] aspects ) ! mo/ r5[n$ my?ologies ( ! anci5t _w4 ,i mu/1 h[ev]1 all[ myself a few words on ! god ,mictlan1 ! ,mexican ,hades or ,pluto4 ,8 "n prop]ly signifies region ( ! ,nor?2 b inasmu* z ! ,nor? 0 reg>d$ z ! c\ntry ( mi/1 ( b>r5ness & ( dea?1 8 "n easily pass$ into ! designation ( ! subt]ranean c\ntry ( ! dead4 ,! ,g]manic ,helle has a simil> hi/ory1 = x 0 fir/ localiz$ 9 ! w9try ,nor? & !n c>ri$ und]gr\nd4 ,mictlan1 l ,hades1 0 us$ z a "n alike = ! soj\rn & = ! god ( ! dead4 ,?is deity _h a consort :o bore div]s names1 & he also _h at 8 comm& a numb] ( g5ii or s]vants1 call$ ,tzitzimitles1 a sort ( malici\s demons held 9 great dread by ! liv+4 ,( c\rse bo? ,mictlan & 8 wives are always repres5t$ "u a hide\s aspect1 ) huge op5 m\?s1 or r jaws1 (t5 9 ! act ( dev\r+ an infant4#bj ,at la/ we h done6 ,9 ! next ,lecture we %all p5etrate to ! v he>t ( ?is s+ul> religion1 z we discuss its t]rible sacrifices1 its in/itutions1 & its doctr9es conc]n+ ?is _w & ! life to come4 ,& "h1 aga91 we %all f9d cause = amazem5t 9 ! /rik+ analogies x pres5ts to ! rites & in/itutions ( o!r religions mu* ne>] home4 ,mean:ile1 obs]ve t 9 exam9+ ! purely my?ological portion ( ! subject :i* we h pass$ 9 review to-day1 we h se5 t !re is n a s+le law manife/$ by ! my?ologies ( ! anci5t _w1 :i* _h n its p>allel manife/ations 9 ,mexico be=e x 0 discov]$ by ! ,europeans4 ,! great gods1 d]iv$ f a dramatiz$ nature--animism1 ) ! feti%ism t spr+s f x1 occupy+ ! basem5t1 if ,i may s express myself1 b5ea? ^! my?ological conceptions--9 ! mid/ ( all a t5d5cy manife/$ f "t to "t t[>ds a pur] & m spiritual conception ( ! adorable ,be+--all re-appe>s & all is comb9$ 9 ,mexico1 ev5 d[n to some?+ l an inc>nation1 & ! hope ( ! com+ ( ! god ( ju/ice & ( goodness :o w re/ore all ?+s4 ,inde$1 ,i "k n :]e else "o c\ld look = s complete a resume ( :at has con/itut$ 9 all places1 n[ ! smallness & wret*$ness1 n[ ! gr&eur & nobl5ess1 ( t incompreh5sible & irresi/ible factor ( human nature :i* we call religion4 ,! et]nally religi\s elem5t 9 man _h /amp$ its m>k ^u ! unkn[n ,mexico z ^u all o!r l&s2 & :5 at la/ x 0 discov]$1 evid5ce might h be5 f\nd1 _h m5 be5 able to appreciate x1 t !re too1 h[ev] frightfully mis9t]pret$1 ! ,div9e brea? _h be5 felt4 ,x is ! spiritually-m9d$ :o mu/ le>n ! art ( disc]n+ ! _s :]ev] x reveals itself2 & :5 ! horrors rise up be=e u ( :i* religion has m ?an once 9 ! c\rse ( hi/ory be5 ! cause or ! pretext1 & we are almo/ tempt$ to ask :e!r ?is attribute ( human nature has really work$ m good ?an ill 9 ! de/9ies ( our race1 we may rememb] t ! same "q might be ask$ ( all ! pr\de/ attributes ( our humanity4 ,take polity or ! art ( gov]n+ human societies4 ,to :at mon/r\s ab]rations has x n giv5 bir?6 ,take sci5ce4 ,?r\gh :at lam5table & w(ul errors has x n pursu$ its way6 ,take art4 ,h[ gross 7 its beg9n+s1 & h[ (t5 has x s]v$1 n to elevate man1 b to /imulate 8 vile/ & mo/ degrad+ passions6 ,yet1 :o w\ld wi% to live )\t gov]nm5t1 sci5ce or art8 ,let u apply ! same te/ to religion4 ,! horrors x has caus$ _c weigh aga9/ ! f9al & ov]ma/]+ good :i* x produces2 & its annals1 too (t5 writt5 9 blood1 %\ld tea* u h[ to guide x1 h[ to purify x f all t corrupts & debases x4 ,we %all see at ! close ( our ,lectures :at t direct+1 normaliz+1 purify+ pr9ciple is t mu/ hold ! helm ( religion & guide x 9 its evolution4 ,mean:ile1 let no imp]fection1 no repulsiv5ess--nay1 no atrocity ev5--bl9d u to ! ideal value ( :at we h be5 consid]+1 any m ?an we %\ld all[ ! disa/]s t spr+ f ! use ( fire to make u cease to rank x among/ ! great bless+s ( our e>?ly life4 ,,lecture ,,iii4 ,,! ,,sacrifices1 ,,sac]dotal ,,& ,,mona/ic ,,in/itutions1 ,,es*atology ,,& ,,cosmogony ,,( ,,mexico4 ,,ladies ,,& ,,g5tlem51 ,9 our la/ ,lecture we pass$ 9 review ! *ief gods & goddesses ( anci5t ,mexico1 & y might see h[1 9 spite ( v *>act]i/ic diff]5ces1 ! ,mexican my?ology obeys ! same law ( =mation t manife/s itself among ! peoples ( ! ,old ,_w1 !reby prov+ once m t ! religi\s developm5t ( humanity is n arbitr>y1 t x proce$s 9 e case "u ! direction ( ! inh]5t & inali5able pr9ciples ( ! human m9d4 ,to-day we are to complete ! int]nal /udy ( ! ,mexican religion1 by deal+ ) its sacrifices1 its in/itutions1 & its es*atological & cosmogonical doctr9es4 ,we beg9 ) ^? sacrifices ( :i* ,i h already spok5 z s num]\s & s horrible4 ,i4 ,we h "s little difficulty 9 our times1 famili> z we are ) spiritual conceptions ( ,god & ! div9e purposes1 9 compreh5d+ ! extreme importance :i* sacrifices1 (f]+s1 gifts to ! div9e be+1 assum$ 9 ! eyes ( peoples :o 7 /ill envelop$ 9 ! d>kness ( poly!ism & idolatry4 ,& p]haps we may f9d x m difficult yet to realize ! primitive object & int5tion ( ^! sacrifices4 ,!re c be no d\bt t !y 7 orig9ally sugge/$ by ! idea t ! div9e be+1 :atev] x may h be5--:e!r a natural object1 an animal1 or a creature analog\s to man--lik$ :at we l1 0 pleas$ ) :at pleases u1 & _h ! same ta/es & ! same proclivities z ours4 ,?is is ! fundam5tal idea t urg$ ! poly!i/ic peoples along ! pa? ( religi\s an?ropomorphism4 ,?is pr9ciple once e/abli%$1 & ! object be+ to secure ! goodwill & ! protection ( ! div9e be+s1 :at c\ld be m natural ?an to (f] !m ! ?+s 9 :i* m5 !mselves took pleasure1 su* z vi&s1 dr9ks1 p]fumes1 h&some ornam5ts1 slaves & wives8 ,we mu/ n c>ry back to ! orig9s ( sacrifice ! meta-physical & moral ideas :i* did n really appe> until mu* lat]4 ,& s9ce ! necessity ( eat+1 & ! pleasure ( eat+ *oice food1 take a =emo/ rank 9 ! e/imation ( infant peoples1 x is n surpris+ t ! food-(f]+ 0 ! mo/ frequ5t & ! mo/ important among/ !m1 s z 9 "s sort to absorb all ! re/4 ,& "h we are compell$ to b[ be=e a fact :i* _c possibly be disput$1 namely1 t traces ( ! primitive sacrifice ( human victims meet u ev]y:]e4 ,& ?is %[s t cannibalism1 :i* is n[ re/rict$ to a few ( ! savage tribes :o h rema9$ close/ to ! animal life1 0 once univ]sal to our race4 ,= no "o w\ld ev] h conceiv$ ! idea ( (f]+ to ! gods a k9d ( food :i* excit$ no?+ b disgu/ & horror among/ m54 ,?is be+ grant$1 two rival t5d5cies mu/ be reckon$ )4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 moral developm5t1 ) its influ5ce on religi\s ideas1 work$ t[>ds ! suppression ( ! horrible cu/om ( human sacrifice1 :il/ at ! same "t extirpat+ ! ta/e & desire = human fle%4 ,= we mu/ n =get t :]e cannibalism /ill reigns1 human fle% is reg>d$ z ! mo/ delici\s ( foods2 & ! ,greek my?ology has pres]v$ leg5ds & my?s t are connect$ ) ! v epo* at :i* human sacrifices fir/ became an object ( horror to gods & m54 ,b1 9 ! second place1 9 virtue ( ! /range p]si/5cy ( rites & usages connect$ ) religion1 human sacrifices prevail$ 9 _m places :5 cannibalism _h completely disappe>$ f ! habits & ta/es ( ! population4 ,?us ! ,semites ( ,we/]n ,asia & ! ,civaite ,h9dus1 ! ,celts1 & "s ( ! populations ( ,greece & ,italy1 long aft] !y _h r5\nc$ cannibalism1 /ill cont9u$ to sacrifice human be+s to _! deities4 ,& ?is gives u ! clue to a ?ird phase1 :i* 0 actually realiz$ 9 ,mexico be=e ! conque/4 ,cannibalism1 9 ord9>y life1 0 no long] practis$4 ,! city ( ,mexico und]w5t all ! horrors ( fam9e dur+ ! siege conduct$ by ,f]n&o ,cortes4 ,:5 ! ,spani>ds f9ally ent]$ ! city1 !y f\nd ! /reets /rewn ) corpses1 :i* is a suffici5t pro( t human fle% 0 n eat5 ev5 9 dire extremities4 ,&1 nev]!less1 ! ,aztecs n only pu%$ human sacrifices to a frantic extreme1 b !y 7 ritual cannibals1 t is to say1 !re 7 c]ta9 occasions on :i* !y ate ! fle% ( ! human victims :om !y _h immolat$4 ,?is practice 0 connect$ ) ano!r religi\s conception1 graft$ ^u ! =m] "o4 ,almo/ ev]y:]e1 b especially among/ ! ,aztecs1 we f9d ! notion t ! victim devot$ to a deity1 & !re=e de/9$ to pass into 8 sub/ance & to become by assimilation an integral "p ( him1 is already co-sub/antial ) him1 has already become "p ( him2 s t ! wor%ipp] 9 8 turn1 by himself assimilat+ a "p ( ! victim's fle%1 unites himself 9 sub/ance ) ! div9e be+4 ,& n[ obs]ve t 9 all religions ! long+1 :e!r grossly or spiritually appreh5d$1 to ent] into ! close/ possible union ) ! ador$ be+ is fundam5tal4 ,?is long+ is insep>able f ! religi\s s5tim5t itself1 & becomes imp]i\s :]ev] t s5tim5t is w>m2 & ?is consid]ation is en\gh to conv9ce u t x is 9 h>mony ) ! mo/ exalt$ t5d5cies ( our nature1 b may likewise1 9 times ( ignorance1 give rise to ! mo/ deplorable ab]rations4 ,note ?is1 aga91 t immolation or sacrifice _c be accompli%$ )\t suff]+ to ! victim4 ,yet m3 ! imm5se importance ( sacrifice 9 ! inf]ior religions raises ! m]e rite itself to a position ( unrivall$ efficacy z gaug$ by ! *ildlike notions t h giv5 x bir?1 s t at la/ x acquires an intr9sic & magical virtue 9 ! eyes ( ! sacrific]s4 ,!y h lo/ all di/9ct idea z to h[ _! sacrifice gives pleasure to ! gods1 b !y reta9 ! firm belief t z a matt] ( fact1 x is ! appo9t$ means ( act+ ^u _! dispositions & modify+ _! w4 ,! civiliz$ ,greeks & ,romans no long] believ$ t _! gods ate ! fle% ( ! sacrifices1 b ?is did n prev5t _! cont9u+ !m z ! indisp5sable means ( appeas+ ! wra? or conciliat+ ! fav\r ( ! deities4 ,to su* a l5g? 0 ?is c>ri$ 9 ,india & ,iran1 t sacrifice f9ally came to be reg>d$ z a cosmic =ce1 a creative act4 ,! gods !mselves sacrific$ z a means ( creation1 or ( modify+ ! exi/+ ord] ( ! _w4 ,?is idea ( ! intr9sic & magical virtue ( sacrifice naturally re-act$ on ! importance atta*$ to ! suff]+s ( ! victim s insep>ably connect$ ) x1 until ! latt] came to be reg>d$ z among/ ! prime conditions ( an efficaci\s sacrifice4 ,= ! re/1 ,i ne$ n d m ?an m5tion ! notions ( sub/itution1 ( comp5sation1 & ( r5unciation on ! "p ( ! sacrific]1 :i* s readily atta* !mselves to ! idea ( sacrifice1 & repres5t its moral aspects4 ,n[ all ^! consid]ations w help u to und]/& bo? ! fe>ful int5sity & ! special significance ( ! practice ( human sacrifice e/abli%$ among ! ,aztecs4 ,& "h ,i mu/ ask y to h>d5 y\r he>ts = a few mom5ts :ile ,i conduct y ?r\gh ?is v]itable *amb] ( horrors4 ,! ,mexican sacrifices 71 9 tru?1 ( ! mo/ frightful description4 ,x 0 an axiom among/ ! ,aztecs t none b human sacrifices 7 truly efficaci\s4 ,!y 7 cont9ually mak+ w> 9 ord] to get a supply ( victims4 ,!y reg>d$ ! victim1 :5 once select$1 z a k9d ( inc>nation ( ! deity :o 0 ultimately to consume 8 fle%1 or at any rate 8 he>t4 ,!y reta9$ ! practice ( cannibalism z a religi\s rite1 &1 z ?\gh !y _h _h "s ( ! ,r$-sk9s' blood 9 _! ve9s1 !y ref9$ ^u ! tortures :i* !y =c$ ^? victims1 :om !y _h almo/ ador$ ! mom5t be=e1 to und]go at la/4 ,^! victims 7 regul>ly select$ a consid]able "t 9 advance4 ,!y 7 vigilantly wat*$1 b 9 o!r respects 7 well c>$ = & f$ ) ! *oice/ vi&s--9 a ^w1 fatt5$4 ,!re 0 n a s+le fe/ival ^u :i* at lea/ "o ( ^! victims 0 n immolat$1 & 9 _m cases great numb]s ( !m 7 flung ^u ! /one ( sacrifices1 :]e ! prie/s laid _! bosoms op51 tore out _! he>ts1 & plac$ !m1 z ! epitome ( ! m5 !mselves1 9 a vessel full ( burn+ rez9 or copal1 be=e ! /atue ( ! deity4 ,"s few ( ^! sacrifices x is my duty to describe to y4 ,= example3 ,to celebrate ! close ( ! annual rule ( ,tezcatlipoca1 :i* fell at ! beg9n+ ( ,may1 !y set ap>t a ye> be=eh& ! h&some/ ( ! prison]s ( w> captur$ dur+ ! prec$+ ye>4 ,!y clo!d him 9 a co/ume resembl+ t ( ! image ( ! god4 ,he might come & g 9 fre$om1 b he 0 always foll[$ by eight pages1 :o s]v$ at once z an escort & a gu>d4 ,z he pass$1 ,i w n say t ! p ei!r knelt or did n kneel be=e him1 = 9 ,mexico ! attitude expressive ( religi\s adoration 0 t ( squatt+ d[n ^u ! haun*es4 ,z he pass$1 !n1 ! p squatt$ all along ! /reets z soon z !y he>d ! s\nd ( ! bells t he c>ri$ on 8 h&s & feet4 ,tw5ty days be=e ! fe/ival1 !y r$\bl$ _! c>e & att5tion4 ,!y ba!d him1 ano9t$ him ) p]fume1 & gave him f\r beautiful damsels z companions1 ea* "o be>+ ! "n ( a goddess1 & all ( !m in/ruct$ to leave no?+ undone to make _! div9e sp\se z happy z possible4 ,he !n took "p 9 spl5did banquets1 surr\nd$ by ! great ,mexican nobles4 ,b ! day be=e ! great fe/ival1 !y plac$ him & 8 f\r wives on bo>d a royal canoe & c>ri$ !m to ! o!r side ( ! lake4 ,9 ! ev5+ ! f\r goddesses quitt$ _! unhappy god1 & 8 eight gu>dians conduct$ him to a lonely teocalli1 a league di/ant1 :]e he 0 flung ^u ! /one ( sacrifices & 8 he>t torn f 8 bosom4 ,he mu/ disappe> & die ) ! god :om he repres5t$1 :o mu/ n[ make way = ,uitzilopo*tli4 ,?is latt] deity likewise _h 8 human c\nt]p>t1 :o _h to lead a w>-dance 9 8 "n be=e be+ sacrific$4 ,he _h ! grotesque privilege ( *oos+ ! h\r ( 8 own immolation1 b "u ! condition t ! long] he delay$ x ! less w\ld 8 s\l be fav\r$ 9 ! abode ( ,uitzilopo*tli4 ,= we mu/ note t 9 ! ,mexican ord] ( ideas1 ?\gh ! fle% ( ! victims 0 de/9$ to fe$ ! gods to :om !y 7 sacrific$1 _! s\ls became ! bless$ & fav\r$ slaves or s]vants ( ^! same gods4 ,c5teotl1 or ,toci1 ! goddess ( ! h>ve/1 _h h] human sacrifices also1 b 9 ?is case a woman figur$ z protagoni/4 ,%e1 too1 0 dress$ l ! goddess1 & entru/$ to ! c>e ( f\r midwives1 prie/esses ( ,c5teotl1 :o 7 commission$ to pet & amuse h]4 ,a =tnight be=e ! fe/ival1 !y celebrat$ ! arm dance be=e h]1 9 :i* ! danc]s1 )\t mov+ _! feet1 p]petually rais$ & l[]$ _! arms1 z a symbol ( ! vegetation fix$ at its roots1 b mov+ freely above4 ,!n %e _h to take "p 9 a mock combat1 aft] :i* %e receiv$ ! title ( image ( ! "m ( ! gods4 ,! day be=e h] execution1 %e w5t to pay :at 0 call$ h] f>ewell to ! m>ket1 9 :i* %e 0 conduct$ to ! m>ket ( ,mexico1 s[+ maize all along ! /reet z %e w5t1 & rev]5c$ by ! p z ,toci1 our gr&mo!r4 ,b ! foll[+ midnight %e 0 c>ri$ to ! top ( a teocalli1 p]*$ ^u ! %\ld]s ( a prie/1 & swiftly decapitat$4 ,!n !y flay$ h] )\t loss ( "t4 ,! sk9 ( ! trunk 0 *opp$ (f1 & a prie/1 wrapp+ himself 9 ! ble$+ spoil1 trav]s$ ! /reets 9 procession1 & made pret5ce ( fight+ ) soldi]s :o 7 int]sp]s$ 9 ! cortege4 ,! sk9 ( ! legs 0 c>ri$ to ! temple ( ,c5teotl1 ! son1 :]e ano!r prie/ made himself a k9d ( mask ) x1 to repres5t 8 god1 & sacrific$ f\r captives 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,aft] ?is1 ! prie/1 accompani$ by "s soldi]s1 bore ! hide\s %r$s to a po9t on ! fronti]1 :]e !y 7 buri$ z a talisman to protect ! empire4 ,! fe/ivals ( ,tlaloc1 god ( ra91 7 p]haps yet m horrible4 ,at "o ( !m !y sacrific$ a numb] ( prison]s ( w>1 "o ^u ano!r1 clo!d l ! god himself4 ,!y tore out _! he>ts 9 ! usual way1 & !n c>ri$ !m 9 procession1 enclos$ 9 a vase1 to ?r[ !m into a :irlpool ( ! lake ( ,mexico1 :i* !y imag9$ to be "o ( ! fav\r$ resid5ces ( ! aquatic deity4 ,b x 0 worse /ill at ! fe/ival ( ?is same ,tlaloc :i* fell 9 ,febru>y4 ,on ?is occasion a numb] ( "y *ildr5 7 got toge!r1 & deck$ ) fea!rs & preci\s /ones4 ,!y put w+s ^u !m1 to enable !m to fly up1 & !n plac$ !m on litt]s1 & bore !m ?r\gh ! city 9 gr& procession & ) ! s\nd ( trumpets4 ,! p1 says ,sahagun1#ba c\ld n *oose b weep to see ^! poor little ones l$ (f to ! sacrifice4 ,b if ! *ildr5 !mselves cri$ freely1 x 0 all ! bett]1 = x 0 a sign t ! ra9 w\ld be abundant4#bb ,i w n try y\r n]ves by dwell+ mu* long] on ?is dismal subject1 ?\gh !re is no lack ( mat]ial4 ,at ! fea/ ( ,xipe1 ! flay$1 = example1 :ole companies ( m5 7 wrapp$ 9 ! sk9s ( sacrific$ captives1 & engag$ 9 mock battles 9 t co/ume4 ,b ! only fur!r in/ance ,i am compell$ to m5tion is connect$ ) ! fe/ival ( ! god ( fire1 ,xiuhtecutli1 :i* 0 celebrat$ ) elaborate c]emonies4 ,at set ( sun1 all :o _h prison]s ( w> or slaves to (f] to ! deity br\ght =w>d _! victims1 pa9t$ ) ! col\rs ( ! god1 danc$ along by _! side1 & %ut !m up 9 a build+ atta*$ to ! teocalli ( ,fire4 ,!n !y m\nt$ gu>d all r\nd1 s++ hymns4 ,at midnight1 ea* own] ent]$ & sev]$ a lock ( ! hair ( 8 slave or slaves1 to be c>efully pres]v$ z a talisman4 ,at daybreak !y br\ght out ! victims & l$ !m to ! foot ( ! temple /air4 ,!re ! prie/s took !m ^u _! %\ld]s & c>ri$ !m up to ! high] plat=m1 :]e !y _h prep>$ a great brazi] ( burn+ emb]s4 ,"h ea* prie/ flung 8 human burd5 ^u ! fire1 & ,i leave y to imag9e ! indescribable sc5e t ensu$4 ,nor is ?is all4 ,! same prie/s1 arm$ ) long hooks1 fi%$ out ! poor wret*es be=e !y 7 q roa/$ to dea?1 & despat*$ !m 9 ! usual fa%ion on ! /one ( sacrifices4#bc ,x 0 aft] ^! (f]+s ( private devotion t family & fri5dly ga!r+s 7 held1 at :i* a "p ( ! victim's fle% 0 eat51 "u ! idea t by ?us %>+ ! food ( ! deity 8 wor%ipp]s ent]$ into a clos] union ) him4 ,we ought1 h[ev]1 to note t a ma/] nev] ate ! fle% ( 8 own slave1 inasmu* z he _h be5 8 gue/1 & z x 7 a memb] ( 8 family4 ,he wait$ till 8 fri5ds return$ 8 att5tion4 ,,ii4 ,human sacrifice1 ,g5tlem51 appe>s to h be5 a univ]sal practice2 b :]ev] ! human sympa?ies develop$ !mselves rapidly1 x 0 e>ly sup]s$$ by v>i\s sub/itut$ rites :i* x 0 suppos$ might ) advantage replace x4 ,su* 7 flagellation1 mutilation ( "s uness5tial "p ( ! body1 or ! emission ( a c]ta9 quantity ( blood4 ,?is la/ practice1 9 p>ticul>1 might be reg>d$ z an act ( individual devotion1 a gift made to ! gods by ! wor%ipp] himself out ( 8 own v sub/ance4 ,! prie/hood ( ,quetzalcoatl1 :o _h little ta/e = human sacrifices1 seem to h introduc$ ?is me?od ( propitiat+ ! gods by giv+ !m "o's own blood2 & ! practice ( draw+ x f ! tongue1 ! lips1 ! nose1 ! e>s or ! bosom1 came to be ! *ief =m ( expression ( individual piety & p5it5ce 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica & 9 ,mexico4 ,! prie/s 9 p>ticul> ow$ x to _! special "* to draw _! blood = ! b5efit ( ! gods1 & no?+ c\ld be /rang] ?an ! ref9$ me?ods !y adopt$ to accompli% ?is end4 ,= in/ance1 !y w\ld pass /r+s or spl9t]s ?r\gh _! lips or e>s & s draw a little blood4 ,b !n a fre% /r+ or a fre% spl9t] mu/ be add$ e day1 & s x might g on indef9itely1 = ! m !re 71 ! m m]itori\s 0 ! act2 nor c we d\bt t ! idea ( ! suff]+ endur$ enhanc+ ! m]it ( ! de$ itself1 0 already widely spread 9 ,mexico4 ,!re 0 a sy/em ( ,mexican asceticism1 too1 specially *>act]iz$ by ! long fa/s :i* ! fai?ful1 & m p>ticul>ly ! prie/s1 endur$4 ,inde$1 fa/+ is "o ( ! mo/ g5]al & anci5t =ms ( adoration4 ,x re/s1 9 ! fir/ place1 on an in/9ctive feel+ t a man is m wor?y to pres5t himself be=e ! div9e be+s :5 fa/+ ?an :5 /uff$ ) food2 &1 9 ! second place1 on ! fact t fa/+ is %[n by exp]i5ce to promote dreams1 halluc9ations1 extasies & s =?1 :i* h always be5 consid]$ z s _m =ms ( communication ) ! deity4#bd ,x 0 only lat] t fa/+ became ! sign & index ( m\rn+1 & !re=e ( s9c]e rep5tance & pr(\nd sorr[4 ,mexico _h its solit>ies or h]mits1 too1 :o s\ght to ent] into clos] communion ) ! gods by liv+ 9 ! des]t "u conditions ( ! sev]e/ asceticism4 ,are we n once m tempt$ to exclaim t !re is no?+ new "u ! sun8 ,b ! devotees ( ! anci5t ,mexican religion _h o!r me?ods ( unit+ !mselves sub/antially & corporeally ) _! gods2 & 9 accordance ) ! notions :i* we h se5 7 accr$it$ by _! religion1 !y _h develop$ a k9d 7or k9ds7 ( communion f :i*1 ) a little !ology1 a regul> doctr9e ( transub/antiation might h be5 drawn4 ,?us1 at ! ?ird great fe/ival 9 hon\r ( ,uitzilopo*tli 7celebrat$ at ! "t ( 8 dea?71 !y made an image ( ! deity 9 d\gh1 /eep$ x 9 ! blood ( sacrific$ *ildr51 & p>took ( ! pieces4#be ,9 ! same way ! prie/s ( ,tlaloc knead$ /atuettes ( _! god 9 d\gh1 cut !m up1 & gave !m to eat to pati5ts suff]+ f ! diseases caus$ by ! cold & wet4#bf ,! /atuettes 7 fir/ consecrat$ by a small sacrifice4 ,& s1 too1 at ! ye>ly fe/ival ( ! god ( fire1 ,xiuhtecutli1 an image ( ! deity1 made ( d\gh1 0 fix$ 9 ! top ( a great tree :i* _h be5 br\ght into ! city f ! =e/4 ,at a c]ta9 mom5t ! tree 0 ?r[n d[n1 on :i* ( c\rse ! idol broke to pieces1 & ! wor%ipp]s all scrambl$ = a bit ( him to eat4 ,x has be5 ask$ h[ f> any moral idea _h p5etrat$ ?is religion1 ! repulsive aspects ( :i* we h be5 describ+4 ,! "q is a legitimate "o4 ,i believe1 ,g5tlem51 t 9 /udy+ ! religi\s orig9s ( ! diff]5t peoples ( ! e>?1 we %all come to ! conclusion t ! fusion ( ! religi\s & moral life--:i* has long be5 an accompli%$ fact = u1 especially s9ce ! ,gospel1 s t we _c admit ! possibility ( unit+ immorality & piety = a s+le in/ant--is n primitive1 b is due to ! developm5t ( ! human _s1 & to heal?i]1 m complete & m religi\s ideas conc]n+ ! moral law4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ?+s1 & 9 our own day among/ savages1 nay1 ev5 among/ ! mo/ ignorant /rata ( ! population 9 civiliz$ c\ntries1 x is obvi\s t religion & morals h extremely little to d ) ea* o!r4 ,"s au?ors1 accord+ly1 9 ! face ( all ! mon/r\s cruelty1 selfi%ness & inhumanity ( ! ,mexican religion1 h conclud$ t no elem5t ( morality ent]$ into x at all1 b t all 0 self-seek+ & fanaticism4 ,?is is an exagg]ation4 ,we h se5 t among/ ! nature-gods ( ,mexico !re 0 "o1 ,tezcatlipoca1 :o 0 look$ ^u z ! au/]e gu>dian ( law & morals4 ,if we are to believe ,fa!r ,sahagun1--& ev5 if we all[ = /rong suspicions z to ! accuracy ( 8 translations ( ! pray]s & exhortations utt]$ "u c]ta9 circum/ances by p>5ts & prie/s1--x is evid5t t ! ,mexicans 7 taught to consid] a dec5t & virtu\s life z requir$ by ! gods4 ,inde$1 !y _h a sy/em ( confession1 9 :i* ! prie/ receiv$ ! /atem5t ( ! p5it5t1 laid a p5ance on him1 & assur$ him ( ! p>don ( ! gods4 ,g5]ally ! p5it5ts delay$ _! confession till !y 7 advanc$ 9 age1 = relapses 7 reg>d$ z beyond ! rea* ( p>don4#bg ,x w\ld be ne>] ! tru? to say t ! religi\s e?ics ( ! ,mexicans _h ent]$ ^u t pa? ( dualism#bh by :i* alone1 9 almo/ e case1 ! normal syn!sis or rational reconciliation ( ! dem&s ( physical nature & ! moral life has be5 ultimately rea*$4 ,= inasmu* z fidelity to duty (t5 involves a c]ta9 am\nt ( suff]+1 ! suff]+ comes to be reg>d$ z ! moral act itself1 & artificial suff]+s are volunt>ily incurr$ "u ! idea t !y are ! appo9t$ price ( access to a high] & m p]fect life1 9 clos] con=mity ) ! div9e w4 ,! cruel rites :i* ent]$ into ! v tissue ( ! ,mexican religion c\ld h>dly fail to /r5g!n ! same ascetic t5d5cy1 by enc\rag+ ! idea t pa9 itself 0 pleasant to ! eyes ( ! gods4 ,b ! tru? is t 9 ?is matt] we c disc]n no m ?an t5d5cies4 ,!re are symptoms ( m5's m9ds be+ busy ) ! relation ( ! moral to ! religi\s life1 b no fix$ or sy/ematic conclusions _h be5 rea*$4 ,x might1 p]haps1 h be5 o!rwise 9 ! sequel1 & ^! t5d5cies might ultimately h tak5 %ape 9 correspond+ !ories & doctr9es1 _h n ! ,spani% conque/ int]v5$ to put an end = ev] to ! evolution ( ! ,mexican religion4 ,i h frequ5tly spok5 ( ! ,mexican prie/s1 & ! "t has n[ come = dwell+ m explicitly on ?is prie/hood4 ,x 0 v num]\s1 & _h a /rong organization re>$ on an ari/ocratic basis1 into :i* political calculations manife/ly ent]$4 ,! noble/ families 7includ+ t ( ! mon>*7 _h ! exclusive privilege ( occupy+ ! highe/ sac]dotal (fices4 ,! prie/s ( ,uitzilopo*tli held ! primacy4 ,_! *ief 0 sov]eign pontiff1 ) ! title ( ,mexicatl-,teohuatz91 ,mexican "l ( sacr$ ?+s1 & ,teotecuhtli1 div9e ma/]4 ,next to him came ! *ief prie/ ( ,quetzalcoatl1 :o _h no au?ority1 h[ev]1 except ov] 8 own ord] ( cl]gy4 ,he liv$ z a recluse 9 8 sanctu>y1 & ! sov]eign only s5t to consult him on c]ta9 great occasions2 :]eas ! primate sat on ! privy c\ncil & ex]cis$ discipl9>y p[]s ov] all ! o!r prie/s 9 ! empire4 ,e temple & e qu>t] _h its regul> prie/s4 ,no "o c\ld ent] ! prie/hood until he _h pass$ satisfactorily ?r\gh c]ta9 te/s or exam9ations be=e ! directors ( ! ,calmecac1 or h\ses ( religi\s education1 ( :i* we %all speak pres5tly4 ,! p[] ( ! cl]gy 0 v great4 ,!y in/ruct$ y\?1 fix$ ! cal5d>1 pres]v$ ! k ( ! annals & traditions indicat$ by ! hi]oglyphics1 sang & taught ! religi\s & national hymns1 int]v5$ ) special c]emonies at bir?1 m>riage & burial1 & 7 ri*ly end[$ by taxes rais$ 9 k9d ^u ! products ( ! soil & ^u indu/ries4 ,e successful aspirant to ! prie/hood1 hav+ pass$ ! requisite exam9ations1 receiv$ a k9d ( unction1 :i* communicat$ ! sacr$ "* to him4 ,all ?is indicates a civilization t _h already rea*$ a high po9t ( developm5t2 b ! indelible /a9 ( ! ,mexican religion re-appe>s e mom5t ev5 :]e x seems to rise highe/ above ! primitive religions3 among/ ! +r$i5ts ( ! fluid ) :i* ! new prie/ 0 ano9t$ 0 ! blood ( an infant6 ,! prie/s' co/ume 9 g5]al 0 black4 ,_! mantles cov]$ _! heads & fell d[n _! sides l a veil4 ,!y nev] cut _! hair1 & ! ,spani>ds saw "s ( !m ^: locks desc5d$ to _! knees4 ,probably ?is 0 a "p ( ! sol> symbolism4 ,! rays ( ! ,sun are comp>$ to locks ( hair1 & we v (t5 f9d ! sol> h]oes or ! s]vants ( ! ,sun lett+ _! hair gr[ freely 9 ord] t !y may resemble _! god4 ,_! mode ( life 0 au/]e & sombre4 ,!y 7 subject to ! rules ( a sev]e asceticism1 slept little1 rose at night to *ant _! canticles1 (t5 fa/$1 (t5 drew _! own blood1 ba!d e night 79 imitation ( ! ,sun aga971 & 9 _m ( ! sac]dotal frat]nities ! mo/ rigid celibacy 0 en=c$4 ,y w see1 !n1 t ,i did n exagg]ate :5 ,i spoke ( ! belief t ! gods 7 animat$ by cruel wills & took pleasure 9 human pa9 z hav+ laun*$ ! ,mexican religion on a pa? ( a sy/ematic dualism & v /]n asceticism4#bi ,b ! surprise we exp]i5ce 9 not+ all ^! po9ts ( resemblance to ! religi\s in/itutions ( ! ,old ,_w1 p]haps rea*es its culm9at+ po9t :5 we le>n t ! ,mexican religion actually _h its conv5ts4 ,^! conv5ts 7 (t51 b n always1 places ( education = bo? sexes1 to :i* all ! free families s5t _! *ildr5 f ! age ( six or n9e ye>s upw>ds4 ,!re ! boys 7 taught by monks1 & ! girls by nuns1 ! mean+ ( ! hi]oglyphics1 ! way to reckon "t1 ! traditions1 ! religi\s *ants & ! ritual4 ,bodily ex]cises likewise _h a place 9 ?is c\rse ( education1 :i* 0 suppos$ to be complete :5 ! *ildr5 _h rea*$ ! age ( fifte54 ,! majority ( !m 7 n[ s5t back to _! families1 :ile ! re/ /ay$ beh9d to become prie/s or simple monks4 ,= !re 7 religi\s ord]s1 "u ! patronage ( ! diff]5t gods1 & conv5ts = ei!r sex4 ,! mona/ic rule 0 (t5 v sev]e4 ,9 _m cases x involv$ ab/95ce f animal food1 & ! p call$ ! monks ( ^! sev]] ord]s ,quaquacuilt91 or h]b-eat]s4 ,!re 7 likewise associations resembl+ our half-secul>1 half-ecclesia/ical frat]nities4 ,?us we he> ( ! society ( ! ,telpo*tiliztli1 an association ( "y p :o liv$ ) _! families1 b met e ev5+ at sunset to dance & s+ 9 hon\r ( ,tezcatlipoca4 ,&1 f9ally1 we "k t anci5t ,mexico _h its h]mits & its religi\s m5dicants4#cj ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 only took ! v[ ( m5dicancy = a fix$ t]m4 ,^! are ! details :i* l$ von ,humboldt & "s o!r writ]s to believe t ,buddhism mu/ h p5etrat$ at "s =m] p]iod into ,mexico4 ,n at all6 ,:at we h se5 simply proves t asceticism1 ! w> aga9/ nature1 ev]y:]e clo!s itself 9 simil> =ms1 sugge/$ by ! v con/itution ( man2 & !re is c]ta9ly no?+ 9 common betwe5 ! g5tle insipidity ( ,buddha's religion & ! sangu9>y fai? ( ! ,aztecs4 ,! girls 7 "u a rule simil> to t ( ! boys4 ,!y l$ a h>d en\gh life 9 ! conv5ts set ap>t = !m1 fa/+ (t51 sleep+ )\t tak+ (f _! clo!s1 & 7:5 x 0 _! turn to be on duty7 gett+ up sev]al times 9 ! night to r5ew ! inc5se t burn$ p]petually be=e ! gods4 ,!y le>n$ to sew1 to weave1 & to embroid] ! g>m5ts ( ! idols & ! prie/s4 ,x 0 !y :o made ! sacr$ cakes & ! d\gh idols1 ^: place 9 ! public fe/ivals ,i h describ$ to y4 ,at ! age ( fifte51 ! same selection took place among ! girls z among ! boys4 ,^? :o /ay$ 9 ! conv5t became ei!r prie/esses1 *>g$ ) ! l[] sac]dotal (fices1 or directresses ( ! conv5ts set aside = in/ruction1 or simple nuns1 :o 7 kn[n z ,cihuatlamacasque1 lady deaconesses1 or ,cihuaquaquilli1 lady h]b-eat]s1 inasmu* z !y ab/a9$ f meat4 ,! mo/ absolute cont95ce 0 rigor\sly en=c$1 & brea* ( x 0 puni%$ by dea?4#ca ,"o _c b ask :e!r a prie/hood s firmly organiz$1 9 :i* 0 c5tr$ ! :ole intellectual life & all t c he call$ ! sci5ce ( ,mexico1 _h n elaborat$ any high] doctr9es or cosmogonic !ories su* z we owe to ! prie/hoods ( ! ,old ,_w1 especially :5 we "k t !y regulat$ ! cal5d>1 :i* presupposes "s a/ronomical conceptions4 ,b "h we ent] ^u a region t has n yet be5 me?odically reclaim$ by ! hi/orians4 ,we h (t5 en\gh be5 pres5t$ ) ,mexican cosmogonies1 b ! fundam5tal error ( all ^! expositions is1 t !y pres5t z a fix$ & e/abli%$ body ( doctr9e :at 0 9 reality a v loose & un=m$ mass ( traditions & speculations4 ,! sponsors ( ^! cosmogonies agree nei!r z to _! numb] nor _! ord] ( succession1 & x is obvi\s t a mi/ak5 zeal to br+ !m z ne> z possible to ! ,biblical tradition has be5 at "w4 ,an attempt has ev5 be5 made to f9d a ,mexican ,noah1 com+ out ( ! ark1 9 a fi%-god em]g+ f a k9d ( box float+ on ! wat]s4#cb ,"o ?+1 h[ev]1 is c]ta91 namely1 t ^! cosmogonies are n ,aztec4 ,! ,aztec deities prop] play no "p 9 !m4 ,we may !re=e suppose t !y are ( ,c5tral ,am]ican orig91 or are due to t prie/hood ( ,quetzalcoatl :i* cont9u$ its sil5t "w 9 ! dep?s ( its my/]i\s retreats4 ,! contradictions ( our au?orities z to ! numb] & ord] ( ^! cosmogonies sugge/ ! idea t _! arrangem5t "o aft] ano!r is no m ?an a h>moniz+ attempt to br+ v>i\s orig9ally di/9ct cosmogonies into connection ) ea* o!r4 ,! fact is t o!rs yet are kn[n1 9 addition to ^? :i* h tak5 _! place 9 :at we may call ! classical li/ e/abli%$ by ,humboldt & ,muell]4#cc ,9 ?is classical li/ !re are five ages ( ! _w1 sep>at$ f ea* o!r by univ]sal cataclysms1 some?+ aft] ! fa%ion ( ! successive creations ( ! s*ool ( ,cuvi]4 ,ea* ( ^! ages is call$ a ,sun1 &1 accord+ to ! elem5ts t prepond]ate dur+ _! respective c\rses1 !y are call$1 #a/1 ! ,sun ( ! ,e>?2 #bnd1 ! ,sun ( ,fire2 #crd1 ! ,sun ( ! ,air2 & #d?1 ! ,sun ( ,wat]4 ,! fif? ,sun1 :i* is ! pres5t "o1 has no special "n4 ,we _c ent] ^u ! details conc]n+ ea* ( ^! ,suns1 & !y are n v int]e/+ 9 any case4 ,!y conta9 confus$ rem9isc5ces ( primitive life1 ( ! anci5t populations ( ,anahuac1 ( old & bygone wor%ips1 b no?+ p>ticul>ly *>act]i/ic or orig9al4 ,! only specially /rik+ feature 9 ?is mass ( cosmogonic traditions is ! s5se ( ! in/ability ( ! e/abli%$ ord] alike ( nature & society :i* p]vades !m4 ,:at 0 x t inspir$ ! ,mexicans ) ?is feel+8 ,p]haps ! mighty de/ructive =ces = :i* tropical c\ntries1 equatorial seas & volcanic regions1 s (t5 furni% a !atre1 _h %ak5 confid5ce 9 ! p]man5ce ( ! physical con/itution ( ! _w4 ,p]haps ! num]\s political & social revolutions1 ! frequ5t successions ( peoples1 rul]s & subjects 9 turn1 _h accu/om$ ! m9d to conceive & anticipate p]petual *anges1 ( :i* ! successive ages ( ! _w 7 b ! supreme expression2 & f9ally1 p]haps t quasi-messianic expectation ( ! return ( ,quetzalcoatl1 to be accompani$ by a complete r5ewal ( ?+s1 may h giv5 an additional po9t ( atta*m5t to ?is belief 9 ! caducity ( ! :ole exi/+ ord]4 ,:at is c]ta9 is t ?is s5tim5t itself 0 v widely spread4 ,x s]v$ z a consolation to ! peoples :o 7 cru%$ b5ea? ! cruel yoke ( ! ,aztecs4 ,!y might well *]i% ! ?\ght t all ?is w\ld n la/ = ev]2 & ev5 ! ,aztecs !mselves _h no unb\nd$ confid5ce 9 ! /ability ( _! empire4 ,! ,spani>ds pr(it$ greatly by ?is vague & all b univ]sal di/ru/4 ,aft] _! victory !y made mu* ( pret5d$ prodigies t _h %ad[$ x =?1 & ev5 ( prophecies t _h ann\nc$ x4#cd ,b ! /ate ( m9d ( ! populations conc]n$ be+ giv51 at :atev] mom5t ! ,spani>ds _h arriv$ !y w\ld h be5 able to appeal to auguries ( a l k9d1 by d9t ( j giv+ !m t degree ( precision & cle>ness :i* usually di/+ui%es pr$ictions t are record$ aft] _! fulfilm5t6 ,a fur!r pro( t ! ,mexican religion help$ to spread ?is s5se ( ! in/ability ( ?+s is furni%$ by ! gr& jubilee fe/ival :i* 0 celebrat$ e fifty-two ye>s 9 ! city ( ,mexico & ?r\gh\t ! empire4 ,! ,mexican cycle1 m>k+ ! co9cid5ce ( f\r times ?irte5 lun> & f\r times ?irte5 sol> ye>s1#ce c\nt$ two-&-fifty ye>s1 & 0 call$ a %eaf ( ye>s4 ,n[ :5ev] ! dawn ( ! fifty-?ird ye> drew ne>1 ! "q 0 anxi\sly put1 :e!r ! _w w\ld la/ any long]1 & prep>ations 7 made = ! great c]emony ( ! ,toxilmolpilia1 or b9d+ up ( ye>s4 ,! day be=e1 e fire 0 ext+ui%$4 ,all ! prie/s ( ! city ( ,mexico m>*$ 9 procession to a m\nta9 situat$ at two leagues' di/ance4 ,! entire population foll[$ !m4 ,!y wat*$ ! ,pleiades int5tly4 ,if ! _w 0 to come to an end1 if ! sun 0 nev] to rise aga91 ! ,pleiades w\ld n pass ! z5i?2 b ! mom5t !y pass$ x1 x 0 kn[n t a new era ( fifty-two ye>s _h be5 gu>ante$ to m54 ,fire 0 k9dl$ anew by ! friction ( wood4 ,b ! wood re/$ on ! bosom ( ! h&some/ ( ! prison]s1 & ! mom5t x 0 light$ ! victim's body 0 op5$1 8 he>t torn out1 & bo? he>t & body burn$ ^u a pile t 0 lit by ! new fire4 ,no soon] did ! p1 :o _h rema9$ on ! pla9 bel[1 p]ceive ! flame asc5d1 ?an !y broke into deliri\s joy4 ,ano!r fifty-two ye>s 0 be=e ! _w4 ,m victims 7 sacrific$ 9 gratitude to ! gods4 ,br&s 7 light$ at ! sacr$ flame on ! m\nta91 f :i* ! dome/ic fires 7 9 _! turn k9dl$1 & swift c\ri]s 7 despat*$ ) tor*es1 replac$ cont9ually on ! r\te1 to ! v extremities ( ! empire4 ,x 0 9 ! ye> #aejg1 twelve ye>s be=e ,cortes disemb>k$1 t ! ,toxilmolpilia 0 celebrat$ = ! la/ "t4 ,9 #aeei1 al?\gh ! mass ( ! natives _h mean:ile be5 conv]t$ to ,roman ,ca?olicism1 ! ,spani% gov]nm5t _h to take sev]e measures to prev5t its repetition4#cf ,we h f> firm] foot+1 !n1 ?an is furni%$ by ! %ift+ gr\nd ( ! cosmogonies1 :5 we insi/ ^u ! g5]al preval5ce ( ! feel+ t ! _w might v]itably come to an end z x _h done be=e4 ,beyond ?is !re 0 no?+ fix$ or g5]ally accept$4 ,mu* ! same might be said ( ! future life4 ,! ,mexicans believ$ 9 man's survival aft] dea?4 ,?is we see f ! practice ( putt+ a numb] ( useful articles into ! tomb by ! side ( ! corpse1 aft] fir/ break+ !m1 s t !y too might die & _! spirits might accompany t ( ! dep>t$ to 8 new abodes4 ,!y ev5 gave him "s ,tepitoton1 or little h\sehold gods1 to take ) him1 & z a rule !y kill$ a dog to s]ve z 8 guide 9 ! my/]i\s & pa9ful j\rney :i* he 0 ab\t to und]take4 ,sometimes a v ri* man w\ld g s f> z to h 8 *apla9 slaught]$1 t he might n be depriv$ ( 8 support 9 ! o!r _w4 ,b 9 all ?is !re is no?+ to di/+ui% ! ,mexican religion f ! beliefs t /ret*$ ov] ! :ole ( ,am]ica1 & !re is no indication t any moral conception _h z yet vivifi$ & hall[$ ! prospect beyond ! grave4 ,! mass ( ord9>y mortals rema9$ 9 ! sombre1 dre>y1 monoton\s realm ( ,mictlan2 = 9 ,mexico1 z 9 ,polynesia1 a really happy immortality 0 a privilege res]v$ = ! ari/ocracy4 ,!re 7 sev]al p>adises1 includ+ t ( ,tlaloc1 & above all ! mansion ( ! ,sun1 de/9$ to receive ! k+s1 ! nobles & ! w>riors4 ,!re !y hunt1 !y dance1 !y accompany ! sun 9 8 c\rse1 !y c *ange !mselves into cl\ds or humm+-birds4 ,an exception is made1 h[ev]1 irrespective ( social rank1 9 fav\r ( w>riors :o fall 9 battle & wom5 :o die 9 *ild-b$1 z well z = ! victims sacrific$ 9 hon\r ( ! cele/ial deities & de/9$ to become _! s]vants4 ,s1 too1 ! p>adise ( ,tlaloc1 a mo/ beaute\s g>d51 is op5$ to all :o h be5 dr[n$ 7= ! god ( ! wat]s has tak5 !m to himself71 to all :o h di$ ( ! diseases caus$ by moi/ure1 & to ! *ildr5 :o h be5 sacrific$ to him4 ,we recognize 9 ^! exceptions an unque/ionable t5d5cy to introduce ! idea ( ju/ice z qualify+ ! desolat+ doctr9e ( ari/ocratic privilege2 & probably ?is pr9ciple ( ju/ice w\ld h become prepond]ant1 "h z else:]e1 _h n ! de/9ies ( ! ,mexican religion be5 sudd5ly brok5 (f4 ,nor is x easy to expla9 ! asceticism & au/]ities ( :i* we h spok51 except on ! supposition t ^? :o practis$ !m all _! lives believ$ !y 7 !reby acquir+ high] rights 9 ! future life4 ,x mu/ be admitt$1 h[ev]1 t x is n 9 its doctr9e ( a future life t ! ,mexican religion rea*$ its high] developm5ts4 ,we mu/ po/pone till we h exam9$ ! ,p]uvian religion1 :i* pres5ts s _m analogies to t ( ,mexico1 :ile at ! same "t diff]+ f x s consid]ably1 ! f9al consid]ations sugge/$ by ! /range comp\nd ( beliefs1 n[ s b>b>\s & n[ s ref9$1 :i* we h pass$ 9 review4 ,spani% monks1 z we all "k1 succe$$ )9 a few ye>s 9 br++ ! populations :o _h submitt$ to ! h>dy conqu]ors )9 ! pale ( _! ,*ur*4 ,x 0 no v difficult task4 ,! :ole pa/ _h vani%$4 ,! royal families1 ! nobility1 ! cl]gy1 all _h p]i%$4 ,fai? 9 ! national gods _h be5 brok5 by ev5ts4 ,! new occupants laid a griev\s yoke ^u ! subject peoples1 :om !y cru%$ & oppress$ ) hateful tyranny2 b we mu/ d ! ,franciscan monks1 :o 7 fir/ on ! field 9 ! "w ( conv]sion1 ! ju/ice ( te/ify+ t !y did :atev] 9 !m lay to s(t5 ! fate ( _! conv]ts & to plead _! cause be=e ! ,c\rt ( ,spa94 ,nor 7 _! ef=ts always unsuccessful4 ,!y 7 rew>d$ by ! un/9t$ confid5ce & affection ( ! unhappy natives1 :o f\nd little pity or com=t save at ! h&s ( ! good ,fa!rs4 ,let u add t _m ( ! peoples1 especially ^? f :om ! human ti!s ( :i* we h spok5 _h be5 exact$ by ! ,aztecs1 7 s5sible ( ! humane & *>itable aspects ( a religion t repudiat$ ^! hide\s sacrifices 9 horror1 & rais$ up ! he>ts ( ! oppress$ by its promises ( a future bliss condition$ by nei!r bir? nor social rank4#cg ,b ! wor?y monks c\ld n give :at !y _h n got4 ,& ! religi\s education :i* !y gave _! conv]ts reflect$ only too fai?fully _! own n>r[ & punctili\s mona/ic _s1 itself almo/ z sup]/iti\s1 ?\gh 9 ano!r way1 z :at x supplant$4 ,nay1 m3 9 spite ( ! be/ dispositions on ei!r side1 x 0 inevitable t ! anci5t habits & beliefs %\ld long ma9ta9 !mselves1 ?\gh m or less %r\d$ b5ea? ! new or?odoxy4 ,9 #aega1 ! t]rible ,inquisition ( ,spa9 came & e/abli%$ itself 9 ,mexico to put an end to ?is /ate ( ?+s2 & alas6 x f\nd z _m h]etics z x c\ld wi% to %[ t x _h n come = no?+4 ,& :5 ! natives saw ! fe>ful tribunal at "w1 :5 ! fires ( ! autos-da-fe 7 k9dl$ on ! pla9 ( ,mexico & consum$ by t5s or hundr$s ! victims condemn$ by ! ,holy ,(fice1 d y suppose t ! new conv]ts felt well assur$ 9 _! own he>ts t ! ,god ( ! ,gospel 01 aft] all1 mu* bett] ?an ,uitzilopo*tli & ,tezcatlipoca8#ch ,b we are /epp+ beyond ! doma9 ( hi/ory we h m>k$ out = ourselves4 ,! religion ( ,mexico is dead1 & we _c desire a resurrection = x4 ,b ! memory x has left beh9d is at once m\rnful & in/ructive4 ,x has enri*$ hi/ory ) its confirmatory evid5ce z to ! g5esis1 ! p[] & ! tragic =ce ( religion 9 human nature2 & he :o inspects its annals1 n[ s poetical & n[ s t]ror-lad51 pauses 9 p5sive ?\ght be=e ! grotesque b impos+ monum5t :i* ?rills him ) admiration ev5 :ile he recoils ) horror4 ,,lecture ,,iv4 ,,p]u4--,,its ,,civilization ,,& ,,con/itution1 ,,! ,,leg5d ,,( ,,! ,,incas3 ,,_! ,,policy ,,& ,,hi/ory4 ,,ladies ,,& ,,g5tlem51 ,we pass to-day f ,nor? to ,s\? ,am]ica2 & z 9 ! =m] we conf9$ ourselves to ! di/rict :i* pres5t$ ! ,europeans ( ! sixte5? c5tury ) ! unlook$-= spectacle ( a native civilization & religion 9 an advanc$ /age ( developm5t1 s 9 ! latt] we %all specially /udy t o!r indig5\s civilization1 likewise support$ & patroniz$ by a v curi\s & orig9al religion1 :i* e/abli%$ itself along ! ,cordill]as on ! imm5sely long b comp>atively n>r[ /rip ( l& betwe5 ^? m\nta9s & ! ocean4 ,p]u1 l ,mexico1 0 ! c\ntry ( an organiz$ sol> religion2 b ! =m]1 ev5 m ?an ! latt]1 displays ?is religion work$ into ! v tissues ( a mo/ rem>kable social /ructure1 ) :i* x is s completely id5tifi$ z n to be s mu* z conceivable )\t x4 ,! empire ( ! ,incas is "o ( ! mo/ complete & absolute !ocracies--p]haps ! v mo/ complete & absolute--t ! _w has se54 ,b 9 ord] to get a cle> idea ( :at ! ,p]uvian religion 01 we mu/ fir/ say a ^w z to ! c\ntry itself1 its physical con/itution & its hi/ory4 ,! ,p]u ( ! ,incas1 z discov]$ & conqu]$ by ! ,spani>ds1 transc5d$ ! b\nd>ies ( ! c\ntry n[ s call$1 inasmu* z x includ$ ! m anci5t k+dom ( ,quito 7correspond+ pretty closely to ! mod]n republic ( ,ecuador71 & ext5d$ ov] p>ts ( ! pres5t ,*ili & ,bolivia4 ,we le>n f our ord9>y maps t ?is :ole t]ritory 0 n>r[ly conf9$ betwe5 ! m\nta9s & ! sea4 ,obs]ve1 h[ev]1 t x 0 ne>ly two ?\s& five hundr$ miles 9 l5g?1 f\r times z long z ,france1 & t its bread? v>i$ f ab\t two hundr$ & fifty to ab\t five hundr$ miles4 ,f ,we/ to ,ea/ x pres5ts ?ree v diff]5t regions4 #a4 ,a /rip along ! coa/ :]e ra9 h>dly ev] falls1 b :]e ! night dews are v heavy & ! produce ( ! soil tropical4 #b4 ,! ,si]ra =m$ by ! fir/ spurs ( ! ,cordill]as1 & already high en\gh above ! level ( ! sea to produce ! vegetation ( ! temp]ate regions4 ,"h maize 0 cultivat$ on a l>ge scale1 & great h]ds ( vicunias1 alpacas & llamas 7 pa/ur$4 ,& "h we may note a great po9t ( advantage enjoy$ by ,p]u ov] ,mexico2 = ! llama1 ?\gh n v /rong1 s]ves z a bea/ ( burd5 & traction1 its fle% is well flav\r$ & its wool mo/ useful4 #c4 ,! ,montana1 consi/+ ( a region ev5 yet imp]fectly kn[n1 ov] :i* ext5d unmeasur$ =e/s1 ! home ( ! jagu> & ! *9*illa1 ( bright-plum$ birds & ( dread$ s]p5ts4 ,above ^! =e/s /ret* ! dizzy peaks & ! volcanos4 ,! mo/ rem>kable natural ph5om5on ( ! c\ntry is ! lake ,titicaca1 ab\t sev5 times z great z ! lake ( ,g5eva1 n f> di/ant f ! anci5t capital ,cuzco1 & s]v+1 l ,anahuac1 ! lake di/rict ( ,mexico1 z ! *ief focus ( ,p]uvian civilization & religion4 ,! my/]i\s disappe>ance b5ea? ! gr\nd ( ! riv] by :i* x empties itself1 /imulat$ yet fur!r ! my?-=m+ imag9ation ( ! dwell]s on its %ores4 ,!re is a rem>kable diff]5ce betwe5 ! ways 9 :i* ! two civilizations ( :i* we are speak+ =m$ & consolidat$ !mselves 9 ,mexico & ,p]u respectively4 ,we h se5 t 9 ,mexico ! /ate ( ?+s to :i* ! ,spani% conque/ put an end 0 ! result ( a long s]ies ( revolutions & w>s1 9 :i* successive peoples _h rul$ & s]v$ 9 turn2 & ! ,aztecs _h f9ally seiz$ ! hegemony1 :ile adopt+ a civilization ! orig9s ( :i* mu/ be s\ght 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,9 ,p]u ?+s _h foll[$ a m regul> & /able c\rse4 ,! dyna/y ( ! ,incas _h ma9ta9$ itself = ab\t six c5turies z ! patron ( social progress & ( a rem>kably advanc$ culture4 ,/>t+ f its native soil on ! %ores ( ,lake ,titicaca1 & long conf9$ 9 its au?ority to ,cuzco & its imm$iate t]ritory1 ?is family _h f9ally succe$$ 9 indef9itely ext5d+ its dom9ion betwe5 ! m\nta9s & ! sea1 sometimes by successful w>s & sometimes by pacific means2 = :ole populations _h m ?an once be5 mov$ to range !mselves ( _! own free w "u ! sceptre ( ! ,incas1 s z to enjoy ! advantages assur$ to _! subjects by _! equitable rule4 ,:5 ,piz>ro & 8 companions disemb>k$ 9 ,p]u1 ! great ,inca1 ,huayna ,capac1 _h b rec5tly complet$ ! empire by ! conque/ ( ! k+dom ( ,quito4 ,x has be5 ask$1 :i* 0 ! m m>vell\s feat1 ! conque/ ( ,mexico by ,f]n&o ,cortes1 or t ( ,p]u by ,piz>ro4 ,"o consid]ation weighs heavily 9 fav\r ( ,cortes4 ,x is t he 0 ! fir/4 ,:5 ,francisco ,piz>ro ?rew himself ) 8 h&ful ( adv5tur]s ^u ,p]u 9 #aeca1 he _h be=e him ! example ( 8 brilliant precursor1 to tea* him h[ a few ,europeans might impose by %e] audacity on ! amaz$ & sup]/iti\s peoples2 & 9 _m respects he simply copi$ 8 model4 ,l him1 he took advantage ( ! divisions & rivalries ( ! natives2 l him1 he f\nd means ( secur+ ! p]son ( ! sov]eign1 & 0 !reby enabl$ to quell ! subjects4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he _h ev5 few] foll[]s ?an ,cortes4 ,8 company sc>cely numb]$ ov] two hundr$ m5 at fir/1 & ! ,p]uvian empire 0 m compact & m wisely organiz$ ?an t ( ,mexico4 ,we %all pres5tly see ! pr9cipal cause to :i* 8 incr$ible success mu/ be ascrib$2 b ! net result seems to be1 t "o hesitates to pron\nce ! feats ( ei!r adv5tur] m a/\nd+ ?an ^? ( ! o!r1 especially :5 we rememb] t ,piz>ro 0 )\t ! political g5ius ( ,f]n&o ,cortes1 & 0 s pr(\ndly ignorant t he c\ld n s mu* z read6 ,! family ( ! ,incas1 ^: sc\rge ,piz>ro prov$ to be1 mu/ h numb]$ _m f9e politicians 9 its ranks4 ,nev] has :at is call$ a dyna/ic policy be5 pursu$ m me?odically & ably4 ,! pro(s assail u at e mom5t4 ,! ,incas 7 a family ( prie/-k+s1 :o reign$1 z *ildr5 ( ! ,sun1 ov] ! ,p]uvian l&1 & ! ,sun himself 0 ! great deity ( ! c\ntry4 ,to obey ! ,incas 0 to obey ! supreme god4 ,_! p]son 0 ! object ( a v]itable cultus1 & !y _h succe$$ s completely 9 id5tify+ ! int]e/s ( _! own family ) ^? ( religion1 ( politics & ( civilization1 t x 0 no long] possible to di/+ui% !m "o f ano!r4 ,& yet x 0 ?is v me?od1 s ess5tially !ocratic1 ( insi/+ on ! m9ute regulation ( all ! actions ( human life 9 ! "n ( religion1 :i* f9ally ru9$ ! ,incas4 ,p]u1 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 _h become "o enorm\s conv5t1 9 :i* ev]y?+ 0 me*anically regulat$1 9 :i* no "o c\ld take ! smalle/ initiative1 9 :i* ev]y?+ dep5d$ absolutely ^u ! w ( ! reign+ ,inca2 s t ! mom5t ,piz>ro succe$$ 9 lay+ hold ( ?is ,inca1 ?is fa!r ,abbe1 ev]y?+ collaps$ 9 a mom5t1 & no?+ 0 left ( ! edifice con/ruct$ ) su* sagacity b a heap ( s&4 ,& inde$ ?is is ! fatal result ( e !ocracy1 = x c nev] really be any?+ b a hi]ocracy or rule ( prie/s4 ,on ! "o h& x mu/ be absolute1 = ! sov]eign prie/ rules 9 ! "n ( ,god2 & on ! o!r h& x is fatally impell$ to conc]n itself ) e m9ute/ affair1 to int]f]e vexati\sly 9 all private conc]ns 7s9ce !y too affect religi\s e?ics & discipl9e71 & to multiply regulations aga9/ e possible brea* ( ! rul+ religion4 ,x is a g5]al lesson ( religi\s hi/ory t is illu/rat$ s =cibly by ! fate ( ! ,inca prie/-k+s4 ,i w n we>y y 9 ?is case1 any m ?an 9 t ( ,mexico1 ) ! enum]ation ( ! au?ors to :om we mu/ g = in=mation on ! political & religi\s hi/ory ( ! /range c\ntry ) :i* we are deal+4 ,i mu/1 h[ev]1 say a few words conc]n+ a c]ta9 writ] :o long enjoy$ ! highe/ ( reputations1 & 0 reg>d$ ?r\gh\t ! la/ c5tury z ! mo/ tru/wor?y & complete au?ority 9 ,p]uvian matt]s4 ,! ,p]uvians1 f> z _! civilization _h advanc$ 9 _m respects1 7 beh9d ev5 ! ,mexicans 9 ! art ( pres]v+ ! memory ( ! pa/2 = !y _h n s mu* z ! imp]fect hi]oglyphics kn[n to ! latt]4 ,!y made use ( ,quipus or ,quipos1 inde$1 :i* 7 fr+es1 ! ?reads ( :i* 7 v>i\sly knott$ accord+ to :at !y 7 int5d$ to repres5t2 b un=tunately ! ,p]uvians anticipat$ on a l>ge scale :at s (t5 happ5s on ! small scale among/ ourselves to ^? p]sons ( unc]ta9 memory :o tie knots on _! h&k]*iefs to rem9d !m ( some?+ important4 ,!y f9d ! knot1 inde$1 b h =gott5 :at x means6 ,& s ) ! ,p]uvians4 ,!y 7 n always at "o z to ! mean+ ( _! anci5t ,quipos1 & !re 7 sev]al ways ( int]pret+ !m4 ,moreov]1 aft] ! conque/1 ! few ,p]uvians :o might /ill h made "s pret5sion to a k ( !m did n tr\ble !mselves to initiate ! ,europeans into _! fili=m writ+4 ,all t is left ( x is ! practice ( ! ,p]uvian wom5 :o pres]ve ?is me?od ( regi/]+ ! s9s !y int5d to record aga9/ !mselves 9 ! confessional4#ci ,let u hope t !y at lea/ nev] exp]i5ce any analog\s infirmity to t :i* besets ! knot-ti]s among/ ourselves4#dj ,to return to ! ,p]uvian au?or ( :om ,i int5d$ to speak4 ,he is ! celebrat$ ,g>cilasso de la ,vega1 :o publi%$ 8 ,comm5t>ios reales 9 #afji & #afag4da ,g>cilasso's fa!r 0 a ,european1 b 8 "m 0 a ,p]uvian1 &1 :at is m1 a ,palla1 t is to say1 a pr9cess ( ! family ( ! ,incas4 ,born 9 #aedj1 ?is ,g>cilasso _h receiv$ f 8 "m & a mat]nal uncle a great am\nt ( in=mation z to ! family1 ! hi/ory & ! p]sons ( ! anci5t sov]eigns4 ,he 0 extremely pr\d ( 8 orig92 s mu* s1 inde$1 t he issu$ 8 works "u ! "n ( ,g>cilasso el ,inca de la ,vega1 ?\gh he _h no real title to ! "n ( ,inca1 :i* c\ld n be transmitt$ by wom54 ,a g5u9e f]v\r brea!s ?r\gh 8 acc\nts ( ! hi/ory ( 8 ,p]uvian c\ntry & 8 glori\s ance/ors1 & x is to him t we owe ! k ( _m facts t w\ld o!rwise h be5 lo/4 ,! int]e/ ( 8 n>rative expla9s ! reputation s long enjoy$ by 8 "w1 b ! m critical _s ( rec5t times has discov]$ t 8 filial zeal has betray$ him into lavi% embelli%m5ts ( ! situation creat$ by ! clev] & cauti\s policy ( 8 =ebe>s1 ! ,incas4 ,he has pass$ 9 sil5ce ov] _m ( _! faults1 & has attribut$ m ?an "o m]it to !m to :i* !y h no j claim4 ,b 9 spite ( all ?is1 :5 we h made all[ance = 8 family weakness1 we may consult him ) great advantage z to ! in/itutions & sov]eigns ( anci5t ,p]u4 ,we mu/ all[1 ) ,g>cilasso1 t f ! ye> #ajjj ,a4,d4 onw>ds 7= he places ! orig9 ( _! p[] at ab\t ?is date7 ! ,incas _h accompli%$ a "w t may well seem m>vell\s 9 _m respects4 ,_h !re be5 any relations betwe5 ,p]u & ,c5tral ,am]ica8 ,c we expla9 ! ,p]uvian civilization z ! result ( an emigration f ! i/hmic region1 or an imitation ( :at _h already be5 realiz$ !re8 ,!re is n ! smalle/ trace ( any su* ?+4 ,no d\bt x w\ld be difficult to ju/ify a categorical ass]tion on a subject s obscure2 b x is c]ta9 t :5 !y 7 discov]$1 ,p]u & ! k+dom ( ,quito 7 sep>at$ f ,nor? ,am]ica by imm5se regions plung$ 9 ! deepe/ savag]y4 ,beg9n+ at ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama1 ?is savage di/rict /ret*$ ov] ! :ole nor!rn portion ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 brok5 only by ! demi-civilization ( ! ,muyscas or ,*ib*as 7,new ,granada72 & ! ,p]uvians knew no?+ ( ! ,mexicans4 ,nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r 7 navigators1 & no?+ 9 ! ,p]uvian traditions betrays ! lea/ connection ) ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,! mo/ probable supposition is1 t an indig5\s civilization 0 spontane\sly develop$ 9 ,p]u by causes analog\s to ^? :i* _h produc$ a simil> ph5om5on 9 ! ,maya c\ntry4 ,9 ,p]u1 z 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 ! ri*ness ( ! soil1 ! v>iety ( its products1 ! abundance ( vegetable food1 especially maize1 secur$ ! fir/ conditions ( civilization4 ,! ,p]uvian advance 0 fur!r fav\r$ by ! fact t x 0 protect$ t[>ds ! ,ea/ by almo/ impassable m\nta9s1 & t[>ds ! ,we/ by ! sea1 :ile to ! ,nor? & ,s\? x might conc5trate its def5sive =ces ^u comp>atively n>r[ spaces4 ,! :ole t]ritory ( ! empire 0 divid$ into ?ree p>ts4 ,! fir/ 0 ! prop]ty ( ! ,sun1 t is to say ( ! prie/s :o (ficiat$ 9 8 num]\s temples2 ! second belong$ to ! reign+ ,inca2 & ! ?ird to ! p4 ,! p's l& 0 divid$ out e ye> 9 lots apportion$ to ! ne$s ( ea* family1 b ! portions assign$ to ! ,curacas1 or nobles1 7 ( a magnitude suit$ to _! sup]ior dignity4 ,taxes 7 paid 9 days ( lab\r devot$ to ! l&s ( ! ,inca & ^? ( ! ,sun1 or 9 manufactur$ articles ( v>i\s k9ds1 = ! cities conta9$ a numb] ( artizans4 ,inde$1 x 0 "o ( ! maxims ( ! ,incas t no "p ( ! empire1 h[ev] poor1 %\ld be exempt f pay+ tribute ( "o k9d or ano!r4 ,to su* a l5g? 0 ?is c>ri$1 t s grave a hi/orian z ,h]r]a tells u h[ ! ,inca ,huayna ,capac1 wi%+ to det]m9e :at k9d ( tribute ! inhabitants ( ,pa/o 7 to pay1 & be+ assur$ t !y 7 s entirely )\t res\rces or capacity ( any k9d t !y c\ld give him no?+ at all1 laid on !m ! annual tribute ( a c]ta9 measure ( v]m9e1 pref]r+1 z he said1 t !y %\ld pay ?is s+ul> tax r ?an no?+4#db ,we _c congratulate ! (ficials commission$ to collect ! tribute1 b we cite ?is sample 9 pro( ( ! rig\r ) :i* ! ,incas c>ri$ out ! pr9ciples :i* !y consid]$ ess5tial to ! gov]nm5t ( ! c\ntry4 ,! special pr9ciple we h j illu/rat$ 0 f\nd$ on ! idea t ! ,sun j\rneys & %9es = e "o1 & t accord+ly e "o %\ld contribute t[>ds ! paym5t ( 8 s]vices4 ,= ! re/1 ! great h]ds ( llamas1 :i* con/itut$ a regul> bran* ( ! national weal?1 c\ld only be own$ by ! temples ( ! ,sun & by ! ,inca4 ,e prov9ce1 e t[n or village1 _h ! exact nature & ! exact quantity ( ! products x mu/ furni% assign$1 & ! ,incas possess$ great depots 9 :i* 7 /or$ provisions1 arms & clo!s = ! army4 ,all ?is 0 regulat$1 acc\nt$ = & *eck$ by means ( (ficial ,quipos4 ,! num]\s body ( (ficials *>g$ ) ! g5]al sup]9t5d5ce & direction ( affairs 0 organiz$ 9 a v rem>kable mann]1 well calculat$ to consolidate ! ,inca's p[]4 ,all ! (ficials held _! au?ority f him1 & repres5t$ him to ! p1 j z he himself repres5t$ ! ,sun-god4 ,at ! bottom ( ! scale 0 an (ficial ov]se] = e t5 families1 next above an ov]se] ( a hundr$ families1 !n ano!r plac$ ov] a ?\s&1 & ano!r ov] t5 ?\s&4 ,ea* prov9ce _h a gov]nor :o g5]ally belong$ to ! family ( ! ,incas4 ,all ?is con/itut$ a m>vell\s sy/em ( surveillance & espionage1 desc5d+ f ! sov]eign himself to ! meane/ ( 8 subjects1 & f\nd$ on ! pr9ciple t ! rays ( ! ,sun pi]ce ev]y:]e4 ,! l[e/ memb]s ( ?is (ficial hi]>*y1 ! sup]9t5d5ts ( t5 families1 7 responsible to _! imm$iate sup]iors = all t w5t on among/ ^? "u _! *>ge1 & ^? sup]iors aga9 7 responsible to ! next above !m1 & s on up to ! ,inca himself1 :o ?us held ! ?reads ( ! :ole va/ net-"w 9 ! dep?s ( 8 palace4 ,x 0 ano!r maxim ( ! ,p]uvian /ate t e "o mu/ "w1 ev5 old m5 & *ildr54 ,infants "u five alone 7 except$4 ,x 0 ! duty ( ! sup]9t5d5ts ( t5 families to see t ?is 0 c>ri$ out ev]y:]e1 & !y 7 arm$ ) discipl9>y p[]s to *a/ise sev]ely any "o :o rema9$ idle1 or :o ord]$ 8 h\se ill1 or gave rise to any sc&al4 ,individual lib]ty !n 0 closely re/ra9$4 ,no "o c\ld leave 8 place ( resid5ce )\t leave4 ,! "t = m>riage 0 fix$ = bo? sexes--= wom5 at eighte5 to tw5ty1 = m5 at tw5ty-f\r or upw>ds4 ,! unions ( ! noble families 7 arrang$ by ! ,inca himself1 & ^? ( ! inf]ior classes by 8 (fic]s1 :o (ficially assign$ ! "y p "o to ano!r4 ,ea* prov9ce _h its own co/ume1 :i* might n be *ang$ = any o!r1 & e "o's bir?place 0 m>k$ by a ribbon ( a c]ta9 col\r surr\nd+ 8 head4#dc ,9 a ^w1 ! ,jesuits appe> to h copi$ ! con/itution ( ! ,p]uvian society :5 !y organiz$ _! fam\s ,p>aguay missions1 & p]haps ?is fact may help u to trace ! pr(\nd motives :i* 9 ei!r case sugge/$ s m9utely precise a sy/em ( ins]t+ individuals into assign$ places :i* left no room = self-direction4 ,! ,incas & ! ,jesuits alike _h to cont5d aga9/ ! disconnect$1 incoh]5t turbul5ce ( savage life1 & bo? alike 7 !reby ?r[n ^u an exagg]at$ sy/em ( regulations1 9 :i* ea* individual 0 swaddl$ & me%$ 9 sup]visions & ord9ances f :i* x 0 impossible to escape4 ,hav+ said s mu*1 we mu/ ackn[l$ge t1 g5]ally speak+1 ! ,incas made a v humane & pat]nal use ( _! absolute p[]4 ,!y /rove to mod]ate ! desolat+ effects ( w>1 & g5]ally treat$ ! conqu]$ peoples ) k9dness4 ,b we note t 9 ! c5tury prec$+ t ( ! ,european conque/1 !y _h devis$ a means ( gu>d+ aga9/ revolts exactly simil> to ! measures en=c$ aga9/ rebelli\s peoples by ! despotic sov]eigns ( ,n9eveh & ,babylon2 t is to say1 !y transport$ a great "p ( ! conqu]$ populations into o!r p>ts ( _! empire1 & x appe>s t ,cuzco1 l ,babylon1 pres5t$ an image 9 m9iature ( ! :ole empire4 ,!re1 z at ,babylon1 a ho/ ( diff]5t languages might be he>d1 & x 0 among/ ! *ildr5 ( ! deport$ captives t ,piz>ro1 l ,cyrus at ,babylon1 f\nd allies :o rejoic$ 9 ! fall ( ! empire t _h cru%$ _! fa!rs4 ,= ! re/1 ! ,incas endeav\r$ to spread ! language ( ,cuzco1 ! ,que*ua1 ?r\gh\t _! empire4#dd ,no?+ ne$ surprise u 9 ! way ( political sagacity & insight on ! "p ( ?is prie/ly dyna/y4 ,its mon>*s seem to h hit ^u e device :i* has be5 imag9$ else:]e = atta*+ ! conqu]$ peoples to !mselves or r5d]+ _! ho/ility h>mless4 ,?us y w rememb] t at ,mexico !re 0 a *apel t s]v$ z a prison = ! idols ( ! conqu]$4 ,9 ! same way !re /ood 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,cuzco a great temple ) sev5ty-eight *apels 9 x1 :]e ! images ( all ! gods wor%ipp$ 9 ,p]u 7 assembl$4 ,ea* c\ntry _h its alt> !re1 on :i* sacrifice 0 made accord+ to ! local cu/oms4#de ,! ,spani>ds1 among/ :om respect = ! royal p]son 0 suffici5tly pr(\nd1 7 amaz$ by ! m>ks ( extreme def]5ce ( :i* ! ,inca 0 ! object4 ,!y c\ld n und]/& at fir/ t actual religi\s wor%ip 0 paid to him4 ,he alone _h ! inh]5t "r to be c>ri$ on a litt]1 & he nev] w5t out 9 any o!r way1 imitat+ ! ,sun1 8 ance/or1 :o trav]ses ! _w )\t ev] putt+ 8 foot to ! gr\nd4 ,"s few m5 & wom5 ( ! highe/ rank might rejoice 9 ! same di/9ction1 b only if !y _h obta9$ ! ,inca's sanction4 ,9 ! same way1 x 0 only ! memb]s ( ! ,inca family & ! nobles ( mo/ exalt$ rank :o 7 all[$ to we> _! hair long1 = ?is 0 a di/9ctive sign ( ! fav\rites ( ! ,sun4 ,none c\ld ent] ! pres5ce ( ! reign+ ,inca save b>e-foot$1 clad 9 ! mo/ simple g>m5ts & be>+ a burd5 on 8 %\ld]s1 all 9 tok5 ( humility2 nor mu/ he raise 8 eyes ?r\gh\t ! audi5ce1 = no man looks ^u ! face ( ! ,sun4 ,x seems t ! ,incas possess$ ! art ( royal maje/y 9 a high degree4 ,!y c\ld reta9 ! impassive air ( indiff]5ce1 :atev] might be go+ on be=e _! eyes1 l ! ,sun1 :o passes )\t emotion ov] ev]y?+ t takes place bel[4 ,x 0 ?us t ,atahualpa appe>$ to ! ,spani>ds1 :o rem>k$ ! all b /ony fixity ( ! ,p]uvian mon>*'s features 9 ! pres5ce ( all ! new sights--horses1 rid+1 fire-arms--:i* fill$ 8 subjects ) surprise & t]ror4#df ,& su* 0 ! sup]human "* ( ! ,inca1 t ev5 ! base (fice ( a spittoon--excuse su* a detail--0 suppli$ by ! h& ( "o ( 8 ladies4#dg ,! salute 0 giv5 to ! ,inca by kiss+ "o's h& & !n rais+ x t[>ds ! ,sun4 ,at 8 dea? ! :ole c\ntry w5t into m\rn+ = a ye>4 ,! "y ,incas 7 educat$ toge!r1 "u conditions ( great au/]ity1 & 7 nev] all[$ to m+le ) "y p ( ! inf]ior classes4#dh ,! army ( ! ,incas 0 ! army ( ! ,sun4 ,! obligation to milit>y s]vice 0 univ]sal1 s9ce ! ,sun %9es = all m54 ,e s\nd man f tw5ty-five to fifty might be call$ on to s]ve 9 8 company4 ,?us num]\s & highly-discipl9$ armies 7 rais$1 = ! _s ( ob$i5ce _h p5etrat$ all classes ( ! p4 ,! ,incas _h aboli%$ ! use ( poison$ arr[s1 :i* is s common among/ ! natives ( ! ,new ,_w4#di ,ju/ice 0 organiz$ aft] fix$ laws1 &1 z is usually ! case 9 !ocracies1 ^! laws 7 sev]e4 ,= 9 !ocracies1 to ! social evil ( ! (f5ce is add$ ! impiety committ$ aga9/ ! ,deity & 8 repres5tative on e>?4 ,! culprit has be5 guilty n only ( crime1 b ( sacrilege4 ,! p5alty ( dea? 0 freely inflict$ ev5 9 ! case ( (f5ces t impli$ no evil disposition4#ej ,! palanqu9-be>]1 = in/ance1 :o %\ld /umble "u 8 augu/ burd5 :5 c>ry+ ! ,inca1 or any "o :o %\ld speak ) ! smalle/ disrespect ( him1 mu/ die4 ,b we mu/ also note c]ta9 pr9ciples ( s\nd ju/ice :i* ! ,incas _h likewise succe$$ 9 introduc+4 ,! judges 7 controll$1 &1 9 case ( unju/ judgm5ts1 puni%$4 ,! law 0 m l5i5t to a fir/ (f5ce ?an to a second1 to crimes committ$ 9 ! heat ( ! mom5t ?an to ^? ( malise prep5se2 m l5i5t to *ildr5 ?an to adults1 & 7m>k ?is7 m l5i5t to ! common p ?an to ! great4#ea ,! memb]s ( ! ,inca family alone 7 exempt$ f ! p5alty ( dea?1 :i* 9 _! case 0 replac$ by imprisonm5t = life4 ,!y alone might1 & inde$ mu/1 m>ry _! si/]s1 = a reason t we %all see fur!r on4 ,?us ev]y?+ 0 calculat$ to set ?is div9e family ap>t4 ,polygamy1 too1 0 only all[$ to ! ,incas & to ! families ( next highe/ rank aft] !m1 :o1 h[ev]1 might n m>ry at all )\t ! p]sonal ass5t ( ! sov]eign4#eb ,b ! ,incas /rove to make !mselves lov$4 ,h]r]a tells u ( e/abli%m5ts 9 :i* orphans & f\ndl+s 7 br\ght up at ! ,inca's *>ges1 & ( ! alms he be/[$ on wid[s :o _h no means ( subsi/5ce4#ec ,! same delib]ate sy/em %[s itself 9 ! attempts to spread education4 ,! ,incas f\nd$ s*ools1 b !y 7 op5$ only to ! *ildr5 ( ! ,incas & ( ! nobility4 ,?is is a g5u9e !ocratic trait4 ,g>cilasso tells u naively t 8 ance/or ! ,inca ,roca 7#abjj--abdi7 9 f\nd+ public s*ools _h no idea ( all[+ ! p to get in=mation1 gr[ pr\d1 & di/urb ! /ate4#ed ,! in/ruction1 :i* 0 giv5 by ! amautas 7sages71 turn$ on ! hi/ory or traditions ( ! c\ntry1 on ! laws1 & on religion4 ,we h said t writ+ 0 unkn[n4 ,!re 7 only ! mnemonic ,quipos1 pictures on l95 repres5t+ great ev5ts1 & "s rudim5t>y attempts at hi]oglyphics :i* ! ,incas d n seem to h enc\rag$4 ,inde$1 !re is reason to believe t ! hi]oglyphics f\nd grav5 on ! rocks ( ,yonan are ant]ior to ! ,inca supremacy2#ee & x is said t a c]ta9 amauta :o _h attempt$ to introduce a hi]oglyphic alphabet1 0 burn$ to dea? = impiety at ! ord] ( ! ,inca4#ef ,! mo/ rem>kable results ( ! rule ( ! ,incas are se5 9 ! mat]ial well-be+ :i* !y secur$ to _! p4 ,all ! hi/orians speak ( ! really extraord9>y p]fection to :i* ,p]uvian agriculture _h be5 c>ri$1 ?\gh ! use ( iron 0 q unkn[n4 ,! sol> religion fits p]fectly ) ! habits ( an agricultural p1 & ! ,incas ?\ght x became !m1 z *ildr5 ( ! ,sun1 to enc\rage ! cultivation ( ! soil4 ,!y ord]$ ! execution ( great public works1 su* z support+ walls to prev5t ! slop+ gr\nd f be+ wa%$ away2 irrigation canals1 "s ( :i* measur$ five hundr$ miles1 & :i* 7 pres]v$ ) scrupul\s c>e2 magaz9es ( guano1 ! f]tiliz+ virtues ( :i* 7 kn[n 9 ,p]u long be=e !y 7 le>n$ 9 ,europe4#eg ,! ,spani>ds are f> f hav+ ma9ta9$ ,p]uvian agriculture at ! level x _h rea*$ "u ! ,incas4 ,spl5did roads /ret*$ f ,cuzco t[>ds ! f\r qu>t]s ( heav52 & ,humboldt /ill trac$ "s ( !m1 pav$ ) black porphyry1 or 9 o!r cases cem5t$ or r macadamiz$1 & (t5 laun*$ ov] rav9es & pi]c$ ?r\gh hills ) rem>kable boldness4#eh ,! ,incas _h e/abli%$ res]voirs ( dr9k+ wat] = ! public use f place to place along ^! roads1 & likewise pavilions = _! own accommodation :5 !y 7 trav]s+ _! realms1 on :i* occasions !y nev] travell$ m ?an ?ree or f\r leagues a day4 ,bridges 7 ?r[n across ! riv]s1 sometimes built ( /one1 b m (t5 con/ruct$ on ! me?od1 s frequ5tly describ$1 t consi/s 9 unit+ ! oppos+ banks by two p>allel ropes1 along :i* a great basket is slung4#ei ,a sy/em ( royal c\ri] po/s measur$ ! great roads z 9 ,mexico4 ,!re 7 _m important cities 9 ,p]u1 &1 accord+ to a contempor>y e/imate cit$ by ,prescott1 ! capital1 ,cuzco1 ev5 )\t includ+ its suburbs1 mu/ h embrac$ at lea/ two hundr$ ?\s& inhabitants4#fj ,ar*itecture 0 9 a develop$ /age4 ,we %all h to speak ( ! temples pres5tly4 ,! ,inca's palaces--& !re 0 at lea/ "o 9 e city ( any importance--7 ( impos+ dim5sions1 & a high degree ( com=t & luxury 0 display$ )9 !m4 ,gold glitt]$ on ! walls & b5ea? ! ro(s :i* 7 g5]ally ?at*$ ) /raw4 ,!y 7 provid$ ) inn] c\rts1 spaci\s halls1 sculptures 9 abundance1 b inf]ior1 x w\ld seem1 to ^? ( ,c5tral ,am]ica1 & ba?s 9 :i* hot or cold wat] c\ld be turn$ on at w4#fa ,9 a ^w1 :5 we rememb] f h[ _m res\rces ! ,p]uvians 7 /ill cut (f by _! ignorance & isolation1 we _c b admit t a g5u9e civilization is op5+ be=e our eyes1 ! defects ( :i* mu/ n bl9d u to its spl5d\r4 ,& s9ce ?is civilization 0 9 great "p due 7we %all see ! =ce ( ! qualification pres5tly7 to ! cont9u\s ef=ts ( ! ,incas1 our next task mu/ be to asc5d to ! my?ic orig9 ( t family1 :i* we borr[ f ! n>rative ( _! desc5dant1 ,g>cilasso de la ,vega4#fb ,prop]ly speak+1 ?is n>rative is ! local my? ( ! ,lake ,titicaca & ( ,cuzco1 trans=m$ into an imp]ial my?4 ,be=e ! ,incas1 we are told1 m5 liv$ 9 ! mo/ absolute savag]y4 ,!y 7 addict$ to cannibalism & (f]$ human victims to gods :o 7 gross l !mselves4 ,at la/ ! ,sun took pity on !m1 & s5t !m two ( 8 *ildr51 ,manco ,capac & ,mama ,ogllo 7or ,oullo1 ,ocollo1 ,oolle1 c471 to e/abli% ! wor%ip ( ! ,sun & alleviate _! lot4 ,! two emiss>ies1 son & daught] ( ! ,sun & ,moon1 rose "o day f ! dep?s ( ! ,lake ,titicaca4 ,!y _h be5 told t a gold5 spl9t] :i* !y bore ) !m w\ld pi]ce ! e>? at ! spot 9 :i* !y 7 to e/abli% !mselves1 & ! augury 0 fulfill$ on ! site ( ,cuzco1 ! "n ( :i* signifies navel4#fc ,obs]ve t1 9 classical antiquity1 ,babylon1 ,a!ns1 ,delphi1 ,paphos1 ,j]usalem1 & s =?1 ea* pass$ = ! navel ( ! e>?4 ,manco ,capac & ,mama ,ogllo1 !n1 e/abli%$ ! wor%ip ( ! ,sun4 ,!y taught ! savage inhabitants ( ! place agriculture & ! pr9cipal trades1 ! art ( build+ cities1 roads & aqu$ucts4 ,mama ,ogllo taught ! wom5 to sp9 & weave4 ,!y appo9t$ a numb] ( ov]se]s to take c>e t e "o did 8 duty2 & :5 !y _h ?us regulat$ ev]y?+ 9 ,cuzco1 !y re-asc5d$ to heav54 ,b !y left a son & daught] to cont9ue _! "w4 ,l _! p>5ts1 ! bro!r & si/] became husb& & wife1 & f !m desc5ds ! sov]eign family ( ! ,incas1 t is to say1 ! ,"l-rul]s1 or ,ma/]-rul]s4 ,su* is ! leg5d1 f :i* ! fir/ d$uction mu/ be t ! ,inca family has no?+ 9 common ) ! o!r d5iz5s ( e>?4 ,x is sup]-impos$1 z x 71 on humanity4 ,x is because ( ?is diff]5ce ( orig9 t ! laws :i* re/ra9 ! re/ ( mank9d are n always applicable to ! ,incas4 ,= example1 !y m>ry _! si/]s1 z ,manco ,capac did1 & z ! ,sun does1 = ! ,moon is at once 8 wife & 8 si/]4 ,x is ?us t !y are enabl$ to pres]ve ! div9e "* ( _! unique family4 ,= ourselves1 we c ent]ta9 no d\bt t ?is is a cosmic my?4 ,mama ,ogllo1 or ! "m egg1 & ,manco ,capac1 or ! mighty man1 are two creators4 ,! my? indicates t !re exi/$ an anci5t sol> prie/hood on "o ( ! isl&s or on ! %ores ( ! ,lake ( ,titicaca 7at an e>ly date ! focus ( a c]ta9 civilization71 & t ?is prie/ly family became at a giv5 p]iod ! rul+ p[] at ,cuzco4 ,x 0 !nce t x radiat$ ov] ! small /ates :i* surr\nd$ ,cuzco1 embrac+ !m "o aft] ano!r "u its pre/ige & its p[]1 until x _h become ! r$\btable dyna/y t we "k x4 ,manco ,capac & ,mama ,ogllo1 ! creator & ! cosmic egg1 h become ! ,sun & ,moon1 repres5t$ by _! ,inca high-prie/ & 8 wife4 ,!re is no practice t[>ds :i* a m wide-spread t5d5cy exi/s 9 ,am]ica ?an t ( conf]r+ ! "n ( a deity on 8 *ief prie/4 ,& if ,g>cilasso fixes ! appe>ance ( ,manco ,capac at ab\t #ajjj ,a4,d41 x is simply because ! hi/orical recollections ( 8 family m\nt$ no high]1 & t ab\t t "t x began to rise out ( its obscurity4 ,x _h ! advantage ( numb]+ 9 its royal l9e bo? successful w>riors &1 :at is m1 consummate politicians1 in/ances ( ^: ability we h already se5 & %all see aga94 ,! po9t at :i* ! leg5d pres]v$ by ,g>cilasso is cle>ly at fault1 is 9 its claim = ! ,incas z ! fir/ & only civiliz]s ( ,p]u4 ,we %all pres5tly meet ) o!r ,p]uvian my?s ( civilization :i* d n /& 9 ! lea/ connection ) ,manco ,capac & ! ,incas4 ,! k+dom ( ,quito1 :i* ! ,inca ,huayna ,capac _h rec5tly conqu]$ :5 ! ,spani>ds arriv$1 ?\gh n on ! same level z ,p]u prop]1 0 f> remov$ f ! savage /ate1 :ile z yet a /rang] to ! influ5ce ( ! ,incas4 ,! c\ntry ( ! ,muyscas1 ! pres5t ,new ,granada or l& ( ,bogota1 ?\gh /&+ 9 no connection ) ,p]u1 0 ! !atre ( ano!r sac]dotal & sol> religion sui g5]is1 :i*1 ?\gh v little kn[n1 is highly int]e/+4 ,! valley ( ! ,rimac1 or ,lima1 & ! coa/ l&s 9 g5]al1 7 likewise c5tres ( a pre-,inca civilization4 ,! ,*imus especially1 !mselves dwell]s on ! coa/1 7 possess$ ( an orig9al civilization diff]+ f t ( ! ,incas4 ,!y 7 ! la/ to be conqu]$4 ,to sum up1 ev]y?+ leads u to suppose t v>i\s c5tres ( social developm5t _h long exi/$1 up & d[n ! :ole region1 b t1 "u ! presid+ g5ius ( ! prie/hood ( ,manco ,capac1 ! civilization ( ,cuzco _h gradually acquir$ ! prepond]ance1 till x consecutively eclips$ & absorb$ all ! o!rs4 ,g>cilasso lab\rs h>d to impress u ) ! belief t ! sov]eigns ( 8 family ma9ta9$ an unbrok5 age ( gold1 by d9t ( _! wisdom & virtues4 ,b we "k1 bo? f himself & f o!r s\rces1 t z a matt] ( fact ! ,incas' sky 0 n always cl\dless4 ,!y _h numb]$ bo? bad & incapable rul]s 9 _! l9e4 ,m ?an once !y _h _h to suppress t]rible insurrections1 & _! palaces _h witness$ m ?an "o trag$y4#fd ,b aft] mak+ all all[ances1 we mu/ admit t !y succe$$ 9 gov]n+ well1 & m especially 9 ma9ta9+ intact _! own religi\s & political pre/ige4 ,n[ ?is v clev]ness1 ?is consci\s & (t5 extremely delib]ate & a/utely calculat$ policy1 compels u to ask h[ f> ! ,incas !mselves 7 s9c]e 9 _! pret5sion to be desc5d$ f ! ,sun1 & _! fai? 9 ! v special fav\r 9 :i* ! great lum9>y held !m4 ,!re is s mu* rationalism 9 _! habitual tactics1 t "o _c help suspect+ a t\* ( x 9 _! beliefs4 ,& ! tru? is t _! desc5dant1 ,g>cilasso1 has record$ c]ta9 traditions to t effect1 :i* he has p]haps dress$ up a little too mu* 9 ,european /yle1 ) a view to conv9c+ u t 8 ance/ors 7 mono!i/ic philosoph]s1 b :i* nev]!less be> ! m>ks ( a c]ta9 au!nticity4 ,= ! reason+ :i* ,g>cilasso puts into ! m\? ( ! ,incas closely resembles :at w\ld naturally comm5d itself to ! m9d ( a pagan :o %\ld once ask himself :e!r ! visible ph5om5on1 ! ,sun1 :i* he ador$1 0 really z liv+1 z consci\s1 z p]sonal1 z !y said4 ,?us ! ,inca ,tupac ,yupanqui 7fifte5? c5tury7 is said to h reason$ ?us3#fe ,!y say t ! ,sun lives1 & t he does ev]y?+4 ,b :5 "o does any?+1 he is ne> to ! ?+ he does2 :]eas _m ?+s take place :ile ! ,sun is abs5t4 ,x !re=e _c be he :o does ev]y?+4 ,& aga91 if he 7 a liv+ be+1 w\ld he n be we>i$ by 8 p]petual j\rney+s8 ,if he 7 alive1 he w\ld exp]i5ce fatigue1 z we d2 & if he 7 free1 he w\ld visit o!r p>ts ( ! heav5s :i* he nev] trav]ses4 ,9 tru?1 he seems l a ?+ held to its task t always measures ! same c\rse1 or l an arr[ t flies :]e x is %ot & n :]e x wills itself4 ,note ?is l9e ( reason+1 ,g5tlem51 :i* mu/ h repeat$ itself 9 _m m9ds :5 once !y _h acquir$ en\gh indep5d5ce & p[] ( ?\ght calmly to exam9e ^? natural ph5om5a :i* primitive naivete _h animat$1 p]sonifi$ & ador$ z ! lords ( de/9y4 ,_! fixity & _! me*anical & unv>y+ movem5ts1 :5 once obs]v$1 c\ld n fail to /rike a mortal bl[ at ! fai? ( :i* !y 7 ! object4 ,t fai? 0 trans=m$ )\t be+ radically *ang$ :5 x 0 no long] ! ph5om5on itself1 b ! p]sonal & direct+ _s1 ! g5ius1 ! deity t 0 beh9d ! ph5om5on1 b di/9ct f x & capable ( deta*+ itself f x1 :i* drew to itself ! wor%ip ( ! fai?ful4 ,b 9 8 turn ?is god1 %ap$ 9 ! image ( man1 mu/ ei!r be ref9$ into pure _s1 or mu/ fall bel[ ! rational & moral ideal ultimately conceiv$ by man himself4 ,:5 all is said & done1 ,g5tlem51 ,buddhism is /ill a religion ( ,nature4 ,x is ! la/ ^w ( t ord] ( religions1 & exi/s to %[ u t1 at any rate 9 its au!ntic & primitive =m1 t la/ ^w is no?+ness4 ,& t is :y ,buddhism has nev] exi/$ 9 its pure =m z a popul> religion4 ,= 9 religion1 & at e /age ( religion1 m9d seeks m9d4 ,)\t t1 religion is no?+4 ,note1 too1 ! obs]vant ,inca's rem>k1 t if ! ,sun 7 alive he mu/ be dreadfully tir$4 ,y may f9d ! same idea 9 m ?an "o ,european my?ology1 9 :i* ! ,sun appe>s z an unhappy culprit condemn$ to a toilsome s]vice = "s previ\s fault2 or1 aga91 an iron con/itution is giv5 him1 to expla9 :y he is n worn out by 8 ceaseless j\rney+4 ,n[ ,tupac ,yupanqui w\ld n be ! only ,inca :o *]i%$ a c]ta9 scepticism conc]n+ 8 ance/or ! ,sun4 ,h]r]a tells u t ! ,inca ,viraco*a d5i$ t ! ,sun 0 ,god2#ff & accord+ to a /ory pres]v$ by ,g>cilasso1#fg ! ,inca ,huayna ,capac1 ! conqu]or ( ,quito1 :o di$ %ortly aft] ,piz>ro's fir/ disemb>km5t1 mu/ h be5 q z mu* ( a rationali/4 ,"o day1 dur+ ! celebration ( a fe/ival 9 hon\r ( ! ,sun1 he is said to h gaz$ at ! great lum9>y s long & fix$ly t ! *ief prie/ v5tur$ on "s respectful rem>ks to ! effect t s irrev]5t a proce$+ mu/ surprise ! p4 ,i w ask y two que/ions1 repli$ ! mon>*4 ,i am y\r k+ & univ]sal "l4 ,w\ld any "o ( y h ! h>dihood to ord] me to rise f my seat & take a long j\rney = 8 pleasure8444 ,& w\ld ! ri*e/ & mo/ p[]ful ( my vassals d>e to disobey if ,i %\ld comm& him on ! spot to set out 9 all spe$ = ,*ili8 ,& :5 ! prie/ answ]$ 9 ! negative1 ! ,inca cont9u$3 ,!n ,i tell y !re mu/ be a great] & a m mighty "l above our fa!r ! ,sun1 :o ord]s him to take ! c\rse he foll[s day by day4 ,= if he 7 himself ! sov]eign "l1 he w\ld n[ & aga9 omit 8 j\rney & re/1 = 8 pleasure1 ev5 if he exp]i5c$ no necessity = do+ s4 ,once m3 ,i w n v\* = ! exact =m ( ^! audaci\s speculations ( ! free-?9k+ ,inca4 ,b su* rem9isc5ces1 collect$ indep5d5tly by v>i\s au?ors1 correspond to ! conjectures =c$ ^u u by ! extreme political sagacity ( ! ,incas4 ,none b !ocrats1 9 ^: own he>ts fai? 9 _! c5tral pr9ciple 0 wan+1 c\ld develop su* a/ut5ess & diplomacy4 ,a s9c]e & untri$ fai? has n rec\rse to s _m exp$i5ts dictat$ by policy & ! fe> le/ ! jo9t 9 ! arm\r %\ld be f\nd4 ,x is to be presum$1 h[ev]1 t ^! het]odox speculations ( ! ,incas !mselves nev] pass$ beyond ! n>r[ circle ( ! family & its imm$iate surr\nd+s4 ,no?+ ( ! k9d w\ld ev] be caught by ! e> ( ! p4 ,b ! evid5ce z to ,huayna ,capac's scepticism d]ives a c]ta9 confirmation f ! fact t he 0 ! fir/ ,inca :o dep>t$ 7to ! woe ( 8 empire1 z x turn$ out7 f "s ( ! h]$it>y maxims t _h always be5 scrupul\sly obs]v$ by 8 ance/ors4 ,huayna ,capac _h consid]ably ext5d$ ! ,p]uvian empire by ! conque/ ( ! k+dom ( ,quito4 ,9 ! hope1 presumably1 ( consolidat+ 8 conque/1 he resid$ = a long "t 9 ! newly-acquir$ t]ritory1 & m>ri$ ! conqu]$ k+'s daught]1 to :om he became passionately atta*$4 ,?is 0 absolutely contr>y to "o ( ! /atutes ( ! ,inca family1 no memb] ( :i* 0 all[$ to m>ry a /rang]4 ,by 8 =eign wife he _h a son call$ ,atahualpa1 & :e!r x 0 t he ?\ght x good policy to all[ a c]ta9 autonomy to ! k+dom ( ,quito1 or :e!r x 0 due to 8 t5d]ness t[>ds ,atahualpa's "m & ! son %e _h borne him1 c]ta9 x is t :5 he di$ at ,quito 9 #aebe1 he decid$ t ,atahualpa %\ld reign ov] ?is newly-acquir$ k+dom1 :il/ 8 o!r son ,huasc>1 ! unimpea*ably legitimate ,inca1 0 to succe$ him z sov]eign ( ,p]u prop]4 ,?is1 aga91 0 a violation ( ! maxim t ! k+dom ( ! ,incas1 :i* 0 ! k+dom ( ! ,sun1 0 nev] to be p>t$4 ,x 0 9 ! mid/ ( ! /ruggles provok$ by ! ho/ility ( ! two bro!rs t ,piz>ro fell l a meteor among/ ! ,p]uvians1 :o did n s mu* z "k ( ! exi/5ce ( any o!r l& ?an ! "o !y inhabit$4 ,b ! h\r w>ns me t ,i mu/ pause4 ,:5 next we meet1 ,i %all h to rec\nt ! fall ( ! great religi\s dyna/y ( ! ,incas1 & we %all !n exam9e m closely t ,p]uvian religion ( :i* we h to-day b sket*$ ! outl9e4 ,,lecture ,v4 ,,fall ,,( ,,! ,,incas4--,,p]uvian ,,my?ology1 ,,prie/hood4 ,i4 ,,ladies ,,& ,,g5tlem51 ,y w rememb] t :5 la/ we met we trac$ out ! leg5d>y orig9 ( ! royal h\se ( ! ,incas4 ,/>t+ f ! %ores ( ! ,lake ,titicaca & ! city ( ,cuzco1 & progressively ext5d+ its comb9$ religi\s & political dom9ion ov] ! num]\s c\ntries situat$ we/ ( ! ,cordill]as1 x _h weld$ !m into "o va/ empire1 c5traliz$ & organiz$ 9 a way t1 9 spite ( its defects1 extorts our admiration4 ,y _h occasion to notice ! extraord9>y degree to :i* ! consummate practical sagacity :i* di/+ui%$ ! sac]dotal & imp]ial family ( ! ,sun = successive c5turies1 0 comb9$ ) purely my?ological pr9ciples ( fai?2 & we 7 compell$ to ask :e!r s mu* diplomacy 0 really consi/5t ) unres]v$ belief4 ,f9ally we saw t1 accord+ to ! hi/orians1 m ?an "o ( ! ,incas _h 9 fact express$ & ju/ifi$ a d\bt z to ! liv+ & consci\s p]sonality ( t ,sun-god ^: desc5dants !y 7 suppos$ to be4 ,! position ( affairs :5 ! ,spani>ds disemb>k$ on ! %ores ( ,p]u is already kn[n to y4 ,! ,inca ,huayna ,capac1 conqu]or ( ,quito1 _h brok5 ) ! con/itutional maxims ( 8 dyna/y1 9 ! fir/ place by m>ry+ a /rang]1 ! daught] ( a depos$ k+2 & 9 ! second place by leav+ ! k+dom ( ,quito to ! son1 ,atahualpa1 :om %e bore him2 :ile he all[$ ,huasc>1 ! heir-app>5t to ! empire1 to succe$ him 9 ,p]u prop]1 ?us sev]+ into two p>ts ! k+dom ( ! ,sun1 9 defiance ( ! pr9ciple hi!rto recogniz$1 :i* =bad ! division ( t k+dom "u any circum/ances4 ,! w> :i* spe$ily arose betwe5 ,atahualpa & 8 half-bro!r ,huasc> 0 ! great cause t made x possible = ,piz>ro & 8 m9iature army to get a foot+ 9 ! ,p]uvian t]ritory4 ,! milit>y =ces ( bo? sections ( ! empire 7 engag$ ) ea* o!r f> away f ! place ( l&+1 & ! inhabitants1 :olly unaccu/om$ to take any initiative1 made no resi/ance to ! /range invad]s1 ^: appe>ance1 arms & horses1 /ruck t]ror into _! he>ts1 & 9 :om 7l ! ,mexicans 9 ! case ( ,cortes & 8 foll[]s7 !y ?\ght !y saw sup]natural be+s4 ,piz>ro1 :o knew h[ ?+s /ood1 _h b "o idea1 viz41 to imitate ,cortes 9 lay+ hold ( ! sov]eign's p]son4 ,atahualpa return$ victori\s4 ,he _h defeat$ ,huasc>1 slaught]$ _m memb]s ( ! ,inca family1 & ?r[n 8 conqu]$ bro!r into prison1 s z to gov]n ,p]u 9 8 "n1 = he 0 n sure t he himself w\ld be recogniz$ & obey$ z a legitimate desc5dant ( ! ,sun4 ,piz>ro f\nd means ( mak+ 8 arrival kn[n to him1 & at ! same "t (f]$ him 8 alliance aga9/ 8 enemies4#fh ,atahualpa 0 delight$ ) ^! ov]tures1 & invit$ 8 pret5d$ allies to a conf]5ce ne> ,caxam>ca1 :]e ! ,spani>ds _h in/all$ !mselves4 ,! ,inca advanc$1 p>ad+ all ! pomp & spl5d\r ( 8 sol> div9ity4 ,f\r hundr$ ri*ly-clad att5dants prec$$ 8 palanqu91 :i* sp>kl$ at a ?\s& po9ts ) gold & preci\s /ones1 & 0 borne on ! %\ld]s ( (fic]s drawn f among/ ! highe/ nobles1 :ile troops ( male & female danc]s foll[$ ! *ild ( ! ,sun & pli$ _! art4 ,!n ensu$ "o ( ^? unique sc5es ( hi/ory ^u :i*1 z indignation cont5ds ) amazem5t = ! ma/]y 9 our m9ds1 we mu/ pause = a mom5t to gaze4 ,piz>ro's almon]1 ,fa!r ,valv]de1 drew ne> to ! ,inca1 a crucifix 9 "o h& & a missal 9 ! o!r1 & by means ( an int]pret] deliv]$ a regul> disc\rse to him1 9 :i* he ann\nc$ t ,pope ,alex&] ,,vi4 _h giv5 all ! l&s ( ,am]ica to ! ,k+ ( ,spa91 :i* he _h a "r to d z ! successor ( ,/4 ,pet]1 :o 0 himself ! ,vic> ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,!n he exp\nd$ ! *ief articles ( ,*ri/ian or?odoxy1 & summon$ ! ,inca !re & !n to abjure ! religion ( 8 ance/ors1 receive baptism1 & submit to ! sov]eignty ( ! ,k+ ( ,spa94 ,on ^! conditions he might cont9ue to reign4 ,o!rwise he mu/ look = e k9d ( disa/]4 ,atahualpa 0 lit]ally /upefi$4 ,mu* ( ! disc\rse1 no d\bt1 he fail$ to foll[1 b :at he did und]/& fill$ him ) indignation4 ,he answ]$ t he reign$ ov] 8 peoples by h]$it>y "r1 & c\ld n see h[ a =eign prie/ c\ld dispose ( l&s t 7 n 84 ,he %\ld rema9 fai?ful to ! religion ( 8 fa!rs1 especially1 he add$1 z he po9t$ to ! crucifix grasp$ by ! monk1 s9ce my god1 ! ,sun1 is at any rate alive2 :]eas ! "o y propose = my acceptance1 z f> z ,i ga!r1 is dead4 ,f9ally1 he desir$ to "k :5ce 8 int]locutor _h d]iv$ all ! /range ?+s t he _h told him4 ,h5ce6 cri$ ,valv]de1 hold+ out 8 missal4 ,! ,inca1 :o _h nev] se5 a book 9 all 8 life1 took ?is object1 s new to him1 9 8 h&s1 op5$ x1 put x to 8 e>1 & f9d+ t x said no?+1 flung x contemptu\sly on ! gr\nd4 ,piz>ro saw ! mom5t = /rik+ ! bl[ he contemplat$4 ,cry+ out at ! sacrilege1 he gave 8 soldi]s ! signal ( attack4 ,_! horses & fire-arms caus$ an in/ant panic4 ,9 va9 did "s ( 8 (fic]s attempt to def5d ! ,inca4 ,piz>ro broke ?r\gh to him1 seiz$ him by ! arm & dragg$ him to 8 qu>t]s4 ,all 8 escort fl$ 9 t]ror4 ,atahualpa1 !n1 0 9 ! imm$iate p[] ( ,piz>ro1 :o 7/ill imitat+ ,cortes7 surr\nd$ 8 prison] ) e com=t & att5tion1 ?\gh conf9+ him /rictly to "o *amb]1 & w>n+ him t any attempt at escape or resi/ance w\ld be ! signal = 8 dea?4 ,atahualpa soon p]ceiv$ t ?ir/ = gold 0 ! great motive t _h impell$ ! ,spani>ds to _! audaci\s ent]prize4 ,he hop$ to dis>m !m by (f]+ z ransom gold en\gh to fill ! *amb] 9 :i* he 0 conf9$ up to ! height ( a man4 ,he gave ! necess>y ord]s = collect+ ! preci\s metal 9 ! requisite am\nt1 & to secure ! good reception ( ! emiss>ies :om ,piz>ro despat*$ ev]y:]e to receive x4 ,"o ( ^! deta*m5ts ev5 ent]$ into relations ) ! captive ,inca1 ,huasc>1 & ! latt] ha/5$ to (f] ! ,spani>ds yet m gold ?an ,atahualpa 0 giv+ !m if !y w\ld take 8 "p4 ,atahualpa he>d ( ?is1 0 al>m$1 reg>d$ 8 conqu]$ bro!r's attempts 9 ! light ( high-treason1 gave ord]s = 8 dea?--& 0 obey$4#fi ,he 0 n aw>e h[ prec>i\s 0 8 own t5ure ( life4 ,piz>ro saw m & m cle>ly t1 9 ord] to become ! real ma/] ( ,p]u1 he mu/ get rid ( ! reign+ ,inca1 & put "s *ild 9 8 place1 :o w\ld be a passive in/rum5t 9 8 h&s4 ,he 0 fairly al>m$ by ! religi\s ob$i5ce1 timid b absolute1 t ! *ild ( ! ,sun1 ev5 9 8 captivity1 receiv$ f all classes ( 8 subjects4 ,he fanci$ t f ! recesses ( 8 prison1 & ev5 :ile pay+ (f 8 enorm\s ransom1#gj ,atahualpa _h s5t secret ord]s to ! mo/ di/ant populations to arm !mselves & come to 8 rescue4 ,! int]pret] ?r\gh :om he communicat$ ) 8 captive 0 out ( temp] ) 8 ma/]1 = 8 head _h be5 s turn$ by ambition1 t he _h dem&$ ! h& ( a coya1 t is to say1 "o ( ! ,inca's wom51 & _h be5 haughtily refus$4 ,9 rev5ge1 he made malici\s reports to ,piz>ro4 ,b x 0 an accid5tal circum/ance t br\ght ! latt]'s ill-w t[>ds 8 captive to a po9t4 ,! ,inca greatly admir$ ! art ( writ+ :5 he discov]$ all ! uses ! ,spani>ds made ( x4 ,"o day x occurr$ to him to get "o ( ! soldi]s on gu>d ov] him to write ! ^w ,dio ^u 8 nail1 & he 0 delight$ & a/oni%$ to f9d t e "o to :om he %[$ x read x 9 ! same way4 ,s !y told him t e "o a little above ! common h]d c\ld read & write 9 ,europe4 ,8 evil /> w\ld h x t he %[$ 8 ?umb "o day to ,piz>ro1 :o c\ld make no?+ ( x4 ,piz>ro1 !n1 c\ld n read6 ,atahualpa conclud$ t he 0 m]ely "o ( ! common h]d1 & f\nd an opportunity ( tell+ him s4 ,piz>ro1 /ung to ! quick1 hesitat$ no long]4 ,a mock judgm5t condemn$ ,atahualpa to ! extreme p5alty = ! crimes ( idolatry1 polygamy1 usurpation1 fratricide & rebellion4 ,9 va9 he appeal$ to ! ,k+ ( ,spa94 ,he 0 l$ to ! /ake1 & ,fa!r ,valv]de made him pur*ase by a baptism 9 extremis ! privilege ( be+ /rangl$ in/ead ( burn$ alive4 ,f ?is mom5t ! fate ( ,p]u 0 decid$4 ,! head once /ruck f ! great body1 long convulsions ensu$1 b no s]i\s resi/ance 0 possible4 ,piz>ro set up z ,inca a "y bro!r ( ,huasc>'s1 :o 0 at fir/ a m]e in/rum5t 9 ! h&s ( 8 c\ntry's ble$]s1 b aft]w>ds escap$ & rais$ insurrections :i* end$ 9 8 total defeat4 ,! ,spani>ds _h be5 re9=c$1 & _h f\nd allies among/ ! peoples :o _h be5 torn f _! native soils by ! victori\s ,incas4#ga ,o!r attempts1 /ill atta*+ !mselves to ! "n ( "s ,inca1 fail$ 9 l mann]4 ,& yet ! mass ( ! ,p]uvians1 9 spite ( _! conv]sion to ,roman ,ca?olicism1 rema9$ ob/9ately atta*$ to ! memory ( _! ,incas4 ,"o ( _! real or pret5d$ desc5dants1 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 did n %r9k f s]v+ z a dome/ic at ,madrid & ,rome1 z ! only means ( le>n+ ! secret ( t ,european p[] :i* _h s cruelly cru%$ 8 ance/ors4#gb ,b on 8 return to ,p]u 7#agdd ,a4,d47 8 ef=ts only end$ 9 8 de/ruction4 ,b ?is did n prev5t a c]ta9 ,tupac ,am>\1 :o 0 desc5d$ f ! ,incas ?r\gh a female l9e1 f fom5t+ a rebellion 9 #aghj1 :i* x co/ ! ,spani>ds an ef=t to suppress4#gc ,lat] on1 aft] ! revolution t broke ! bond ( subjection to ,spa91 ?is /ubborn ho/ility ( ! ,p]uvians *ang$ its "*2 b 9 #ahfg1 ,bu/am5te /ill tri$ to make capital out ( ! hi/orical atta*m5t ( ! natives to ! ,incas by decl>+ himself _! desc5dant4 ,! opposition1 h[ev]1 _h long lo/ all ve/ige ( a religi\s "*4 ,! leg5d ( ,manco ,capac1 :i* is /ill curr5t among/ ! p1 has be5 euhem]iz$4 ,x is n[ no m ?an ! /ory ( a j & enlight5$ pr9ce1 ! b5efactor ( ! c\ntry4 ,! natives1 x seems1 are fond ( play+ a k9d ( drama1 9 :i* ! trial & dea? ( ,atahualpa are repres5t$4 ,sup]/iti\s to ! la/ degree1 !y accept ! practices ( ,ca?olicism ) a submission t has 9 x m ( a melan*oly & hopeless resignation ?an an ard5t or tru/+ fai?4 ,! glori\s age ( ! ,incas is gone1 & w nev] return1 b x is /ill regrett$4#gd ,,ii4 ,& n[ x is high "t t we exam9$ t religion :i* 0 s closely associat$ ) ! :ole national life ( ,p]u4 ,f all t ,i h said already1 y w easily und]/& t ! ,sun has nev] be5 wor%ipp$ m directly or ) m devotion ?an 9 ,p]u4 ,x 0 he :om ! ,p]uvians reg>d$ z sov]eign "l ( ! _w1 k+ ( ! heav5 & ! e>?4 ,8 ,p]uvian "n 0 ,inti1 ,light4 ,! villages 7 usually built s z to look ea/w>d1 9 ord] t ! inhabitants might salute ! supreme god z soon z he appe>$ 9 ! morn+4 ,! mo/ usual repres5tation ( him 0 a gold5 disk repres5t+ a human face surr\nd$ by rays & flames4 ,9 ,p]u1 z ev]y:]e else1 a feel+ exi/$ t !re 0 a c]ta9 relation betwe5 ! sub/ance ( gold & t ( ! great lum9>y4 ,9 ! nuggets torn f ! m\nta9 sides !y ?\ght !y saw ! ,sun's te>s4#ge ,! great p]iodic fetes ( ! ye>1 ! imp]ial & national fe/ivals 9 :i* e "o took "p1 7 ^? held 9 hon\r ( ! ,sun4 ,imm$iately aft] him came 8 si/] & consort ! ,moon1 ,mama ,quilla4 ,h] image 0 a disk ( silv] be>+ human features1 & silv] play$ ! same "p 9 h] wor%ip t gold did 9 t ( ! ,sun4 ,x appe>s1 h[ev]1 t !y p]=m$ few] sacrifices to h] ?an to h] augu/ consort1 :i* is q 9 h>mony ) ! inf]ior position assign$ to woman 9 ! ,p]uvian civilization4#gf ,l ,sel5e among/ ! ,greeks1 ,mama ,quilla1 & h] inc>nation 9 human =m1 ,mama ,ogllo1 7 weav]s4 ,& t is :y ! latt] 0 said to h taught ! ,p]uvian wom5 ! art ( sp9n+ & weav+4 ,?is is a my?ological conception sugge/$ by lik5+ ! moonbeams to twi/$ ?reads1 out ( :i* on fair cle> nights ! brilliant v]dure 9 :i* ! e>? is clad is spun4 ,b be=e go+ on to ! gods :o =m ! usual ret9ue ( ^! two (ficial & imp]ial deities1 ,i mu/ speak ( two great ,p]uvian gods ^: wor%ip 0 likewise widely spread1 b :o nev]!less are n atta*$ to ! sol> family1 or at lea/ are only s atta*$ by an aft]-?\ght & by d9t ( h>moniz+ ef=ts :i* ! ,incas _h _! motives ( policy = fav\r+3 ,i mean ! two great deities1 ,viraco*a & ,pa*acamac4 ,! my? ( ,viraco*a is ! fir/ in/ance we %all cite ( traces ( a c]ta9 civilization prior to ! ,incas1 or at any rate ( a belief widely spread 9 "s p>ts ( ,p]u t civilization _h n really be51 z ! leg5d ( ! ,incas w\ld h x1 ! sole "w ( t sac]dotal family4 ,! "n ( ,viraco*a mu/ be v anci5t1 = x became a g5]ic "n to signify div9e be+s4 ,x 0 giv5 to ,manco ,capac himself z a title ( hon\r1 & ! ,spani>ds on _! arrival pass$ z ,viraco*as 9 ! eyes ( ! p4 ,?is "n1 accord+ to ,spani% au?orities1 foll[$ by ,prescott1#gg signifies ,foam ( ! sea or ( ! lake4 ,?is w\ld make ! deity a male ,aphrodite4 ,he 0 repres5t$ ) a long be>d1 & human victims 7 sacrific$ to him4 ,at ! same "t1 !y said t he _h nei!r fle% nor bone1 t he ran swiftly1 & t he l[]$ m\nta9s & lift$ up valleys4 ,! foll[+ leg5d 0 told ( him4#gh ,!re 7 m5 on ! e>? be=e ! ,sun appe>$1 & ! temples ( ,viraco*a1 = in/ance1 on ! %ores ( ,lake ,titicaca1 are old] ?an ! ,sun4 ,"o day ,viraco*a rose out ( ! lake4 ,he made ! sun1 ! moon1 ! />s1 & prescrib$ _! c\rse = !m4 ,!n he made /one /atues1 put life into !m1 & comm&$ !m to g out ( ! cav]ns 9 :i* he _h made !m & foll[ him to ,cuzco4 ,!re he summon$ ! inhabitants1 & set a man ov] !m call$ ,allca ,vica1 :o 0 ! common ance/or ( ! ,incas4 ,!n he dep>t$ & disappe>$ 9 ! wat]4 ,evid5tly ?is my? belongs to a diff]5t body ( tradition f t ( ! ,incas4 ,:5 x says t ! e>? 0 peopl$ be=e ! ,sun appe>$1 x is only a my?ical way ( ass]t+ t !re 7 m5 & ev5 cities 9 ,p]u be=e ! e/abli%m5t ( ,sun-wor%ip by ! ,incas4 ,n[ ! latt] claim$ direct desc5t f ! ,sun1 ! supreme god1 & !y w\ld n h readily all[$ t ?is supreme deity _h be5 made by ano!r4 ,"o is r tempt$ to f9d 9 ?is my? ! e*o ( ! claims put =w>d ) equal resignation & p]si/5cy by a prie/hood ( ,viraco*a1 t b[$ its head be=e ! supremacy acquir$ by ! sol> prie/hood1 b insi/$ all ! same ^u ! fact t x 0 itself its eld] bro!r4 ,b to :at elem5t c we affiliate ! god ,viraco*a himself8 ,8 aquatic "n1 ,foam ( ! sea or lake1 9 itself leads u to suppose t he 0 closely relat$ to ! wat]4 ,! supposition is confirm$ by ! say+ t he _h nei!r fle% nor bone1 & yet ran swiftly4 ,we c und]/&1 too1 :y he l[]s m\nta9s & raises valleys4 ,he rises f ! wat] & disappe>s 9 x4 ,he is be>d$1 l all aquatic gods1 ) _! fr+es ( re$s4 ,f9ally1 8 consort & si/] ,co*a is ! lake itself1 & also ! goddess ( ra94 ,an old ,p]uvian hymn t 0 *ant$ "u ! ,incas1 & has =tunately be5 pres]v$1 raises ! "* we h assign$ to ,viraco*a above all d\bt4#gi ,! goddess ,co*a is repres5t$ z c>ry+ an urn full ( wat] & sn[ on h] head4 ,h] bro!r ,viraco*a breaks ! urn1 t its cont5ts may spread ov] ! e>?4 ,"h is ! hymn1 :i* is compos$ 9 n9ete5 %ort v]ses or l9es3 #a4 ,fair ,pr9cess1 #c4 ,?y urn #b4 ,?y bro!r #d4 ,%att]s4 #e4 ,at ! bl[ #f4 ,x ?und]s1 light5s #g4 ,fla%es2 #h4 ,b ?\1 ,pr9cess1 #aj4 ,ra9e/ d[n #i4 ,?y wat]s4 #aa4 ,at ! same "t #ab4 ,haile/1 #ac4 ,sn[e/4 #ad4 ,_w-=m]1 #ae4 ,_w-animator1 #af4 ,viraco*a1 #ag4 ,to ?is (fice #ah4 ,!e has de/9$1 #ai4 ,consecrat$4 ,x admits ( no d\bt1 !re=e1 t ,viraco*a held a place 9 ! ,p]uvian ,pan!on closely analog\s to t ( ,tlaloc1 ! ra9-god1 9 its ,mexican c\nt]p>t4 ,! bl[ ) :i* he breaks 8 si/]'s urn is ! ?und]-/roke4 ,inasmu* z ra9 is a f]tiliz+ ag5t1 ,viraco*a repres5ts its g5]ative =ce4 ,8 resemblance to ,tlaloc ext5ds to 8 dem& = human victims1 9 :i* he is less f]oci\sly insatiable1 b q z pron\nc$1 z 8 ,mexican analogue4 ,s9ce 8 leg5d makes him rise out ( ! ,lake ( ,titicaca1 we mu/ ?9k ( him z ! *ief god ( ! religion 9 hon\r be=e t ( ! ,incas rose to supremacy4 ,:5 x is said t aft] accompli%+ 8 task he disappe>$1 we are rem9d$ t ! riv] ,desaguad]o1 :i* c>ries (f ! wat]s ( ,lake ,titicaca1 s9ks into ! e>? & is lo/ to sight4 ,b !re 0 yet ano!r great deity ^: pret5sions ! ,incas _h all[$ by mak+ room = him 9 ! (ficial religion1 al?\gh he really belong$ to a totally diff]5t gr\p ( my?ical =mations3 ,i ref] to ,pa*acamac1 ^: "n signifies animator ( ! e>?1 f caman1 to animate1 & pa*a1 e>?4#hj ,! primitive c5tre ( 8 wor%ip 0 9 ! valley ( ,lur91 s\? ( ,lima1 z well z 9 t valley ( ,rimac :i* has giv5 its "n to ! city ( ,lima itself1 = ! latt] is b a trans=mation ( ,rimac4 ,x 0 !re t ,pa*acamac's colossal temple rose4 ,x 0 left /&+ by ! ,incas1 b is n[ 9 ru9s4#ha ,! bran* ( ! ,yuncas :o resid$ !re 7 already possess$ ( a c]ta9 civilization :5 ! ,inca ,pa*acutec annex$ _! c\ntry1 at ! close ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 p>tly by p]suasion & p>tly by t]ror4 ,pa*acamac 0 ! div9e civiliz] :o _h taught ?is p ! arts & crafts4#hb ,x w\ld ev5 seem t he _h supplant$ a /ill m anci5t wor%ip ( ,viraco*a 9 ^! same valleys1 = x is said t ! latt] 0 wor/$ 9 w> by him & put to flight1 ^u :i* ! new god r5ew$ ! _w by *ang+ ! p he f\nd on ! e>? into jagu>s & monkeys1 & creat+ a new & high] race4 ,?is opposition to ,viraco*a1 god ( ! wat]s1 puts u on ! traces ( ,pa*acamac's orig9al significance4 ,he mu/ h be5 a god ( fire1 & especially ( ! int]nal fire ( ! e>?1 :i* displays itself 9 ! volcanos & w>ms ! _s ( man4 ,he 0 a k9d ( ,p]uvian ,dionysus4 ,!re 0 some?+ gloomy & viol5t ab\t 8 wor%ip4 ,he dem&$ human victims4 ,! valley ( ,rimac really means ! valley ( ! ,speak]1 ( him :o answ]s :5 que/ion$4 ,!re 0 a k9d ( oracle inspir$ by ! god ( int]nal fire !re4 ,a c]ta9 feel+ ( my/]y1 z ?\gh 9 ,pa*acamac !y _h to d ) a god less visible1 less palpable1 m spiritual ?an ! re/1 seems to h impress$ itself ^u 8 ,p]uvian wor%ipp]s4 ,g>cilasso1 :o p]haps exagg]ates a little1 "h z else:]e1 goes ne> to mak+ him a god :o c\ld only be ador$ 9 ! he>t1 )\t temple & )\t sacrifices4#hc ,?us1 if ! my? ( ,viraco*a1 god ( ! wat]s1 makes ! />s & ! e>? rise out ( ! moi/ elem5t :i* he has f]tiliz$ & organiz$1 ! my? ( ,pa*acamac makes him a k9d ( demiurge work+ )9 to =m ! _w & enlight5 mank9d4 ,i ne$ n /ay to po9t out :at close analogies ^! two conceptions f9d 9 sev]al ( ! cosmogonies ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,?is confusion & rivalry ( ! ,p]uvian gods has left its traces 9 ! crude & obscure leg5d ( ! ,collas1 or m\nta9e]s ( ,pac>i ,tambo1 to ! s\?-we/ ( ,cuzco4 ,f ! caves ( ,pac>i ,tambo 7i4e4 '! h\se ( ! dawn'7 issu$ "o day f\r bro!rs & f\r si/]s4 ,! elde/ asc5d$ a m\nta91 & flung /ones t[>ds ! f\r c>d9al po9ts1 :i* 0 8 way ( tak+ possession ( all ! l&4 ,?is ar\s$ ! displeasure ( ! o!r ?ree4 ,! y\nge/ ( all 0 ! cunn+e/1 & he resolv$ to get rid ( 8 ?ree bro!rs & reign alone4 ,he p]suad$ 8 elde/ bro!r to ent] a cave1 & z soon z he _h done s clos$ ! m\? ) an enorm\s /one1 & imprison$ him !re = ev]4 ,?is seems to ref] to ! quasi-subt]ranean cultus ( ,pa*acamac1 ! int]nal fire1 ! fir/ revelation ( :om mu/ h be5 a volcano hurl+ /ones 9 e direction4--,! y\nge/ bro!r !n p]suad$ ! second to asc5d a high m\nta9 ) him1 to seek _! lo/ bro!r1 & :5 !y /ood on ! summit he hurl$ him d[n ! precipice & *ang$ him into a /one by a spell4 ,i _c say to :at special deity ?is "p ( ! leg5d alludes1 unless x simply ref]s to an anci5t wor%ip ( /ones or rocks1 _m ve/iges ( :i* rema9$ "u ! ,incas1 ?\gh x ceas$ to h any (ficial importance 9 pres5ce ( ! radiant wor%ip ( ! ,sun promulgat$ & fav\r$ by ! rul+ family4--,!n ! ?ird bro!r fl$ 9 t]ror4 ,?is flee+ god mu/ be ,viraco*a1 ! god ( %[]s1 :o flees be=e ! ,sun4--,!n ! y\nge/ bro!r built ,cuzco1 caus$ himself to be ador$ z *ild ( ! ,sun "u ! "n ( ,pirrhua ,manco1 & likewise built o!r cities on ! same model4#hd ,?is la/ trait puts x out ( d\bt t ! leg5d is really an attempt to expla9 h[ ! religion ( ,manco ,capac e/abli%$ at ,cuzco _h succe$$ 9 eclips+ all o!rs1 ow+ to ! sup]ior skill ( its prie/hood4 ,x is a =mal confirmation ( all t ,i h told y ( ! consummate art ) :i* ! ,incas gradually ext5d$ ! circle ( _! political & religi\s dom9ion4 ,pirrhua is ! contraction ( ,viraco*a1 tak5 9 ! g5]ic s5se ( div9e be+4 ,pirrhua ,manco 0 an alt]native "n ( ,manco ,capac4 ,( c\rse ?is leg5d 0 n (ficially receiv$ "u ! ,incas4 ,! latt]1 be+ unable or unwill+ to aboli% ! wor%ip ( ,viraco*a & ( ,pa*acamac1 took up a f> m conciliatory attitude ?an t ( ! leg5ds ,i h giv54 ,! supreme god1 ! ,sun1 0 admitt$ to h _h ?ree sons1 ,kon or ,viraco*a1 ,pa*acamac & ,manco ,capac2 b ! latt] 0 decl>$ to h be5 q specially design$ by ! common fa!r to in/ruct & gov]n m54 ,by ?is arrangem5t e "o 0 satisfi$1--& especially ! ,incas4 ,,iii4 ,we may n[ return to ! o!r deities :o 7 (ficially incorporat$ 9 ! family or ret9ue ( ! ,sun4 ,! ra9b[1 ,cuy*a1 0 ! object ( great v5]ation z ! s]vant ( ! ,sun & ,moon4 ,he _h 8 *apel contigu\s ) ! temple ( ! ,sun1 & 8 image 0 made ( plates ( gold ( v>i\s %ades1 :i* cov]$ a :ole wall ( ! edifice4 ,:5 a ra9b[ appe>$ 9 ! cl\ds1 ! ,p]uvian clos$ 8 m\? = fe> ( hav+ all 8 tee? spoilt4#he ,! planet ,v5us1 ,*asca or ! long-hair$ />1 s call$ f its extraord9>y radiance1 0 look$ ^u z a male be+ & z ! page ( ! ,sun1 sometimes prec$+ & sometimes foll[+ 8 ma/]4 ,! ,pleiades 7 next mo/ v5]at$4 ,comets =ebod$ ! wra? ( ! gods4 ,! o!r />s 7 ! ,moon's maids ( hon\r4#hf ,! wor%ip ( ! elem5ts1 too1 held a prom95t place 9 ?is complicat$ sy/em ( nature-wor%ip4 ,= example1 ,fire1 consid]$ z d]iv$ f ! ,sun1 0 ! object ( pr(\nd v5]ation1 & ! wor%ip r5d]$ x mu/ h s]v$ admirably z a l9k betwe5 ! religion ( ! ,incas & t ( ,pa*acamac4 ,/range z x may seem at fir/ sight1 ! symbols ( fire 7 /ones4 ,b our surprise w cease :5 we rememb] t /ones 7 ?\ght1 9 a high antiquity1 to be animat$ by ! fire t 0 suppos$ to be %ut up )9 !m1 s9ce x c\ld be made to issue =? by a %>p bl[4 ,! ,p]uvian religion likewise adds its te/imony to t ( all ! religions ( ! ,old ,_w1 z to ! importance :i* long atta*$ to ! pres]vation among/ ! tribes ( m5 ( t liv+ fire :i* x 0 s difficult to recov] if once x _h be5 all[$ to escape4 ,a p]petual fire burn$ 9 ! temple ( ! ,sun & 9 ! abode ( ! ,virg9s ( ! ,sun1 ( :om we %all h to speak pres5tly4 ,! wide-spread idea t fire becomes pollut$ at la/ & loses its div9e virtue by too long contact ) m51 meets u once m4 ,! fire mu/ be r5ew$ f "t to "t1 & ?is act 0 p]=m$ ye>ly by ! *ief-prie/ ( ,p]u1 :o k9dl$ wood by means ( a concave gold5 mirror4 ,?is miracle is v easy = u to expla91 b we _c d\bt t ! prie/s & p ( ,p]u saw some?+ sup]natural 9 ! ph5om5on4#hg ,! ?und]1 likewise1 0 p]sonifi$ & ador$ 9 c]ta9 prov9ces "u ! "n ( ,catequil1 b x is a peculi>ity ( ! ,p]uvian religion t x assigns a subord9ate rank 9 ! hi]>*y to ! god ( ?und]1 :o else:]e g5]ally takes ! supreme place4 ,9 ,p]u1 he 0 b "o ( ! ,sun's s]vants1 ?\gh ! mo/ r$\btable ( !m all4 ,! ,p]uvians are rem>kable = _! *ildi% dread ( ?und]4 ,a great project+ rock1 (t5 "o t _h be5 /ruck by ! ?und]1 pass$ = ! deity's fav\r$ resid5ce4 ,catequil appe>s 9 ?ree =ms3 ,*uquilla 7?und]71 ,catuilla 7lightn+71 & ,intiallapa 7?und]bolt74 ,8 rema9+ "n1 ,illapa1 also means ?und]4 ,he _h special temples1 9 :i* he 0 repres5t$ z arm$ ) a sl+ & a club4#hh ,!y sacrific$ *ildr51 b m especially llamas1 to him4 ,tw9s 7 reg>d$ z *ildr5 ( ! lightn+1 & if !y di$ "y _! skeletons 7 pres]v$ z preci\s relics4 ,&1 f9ally1 we f9d 9 ,p]u ! same idea t prevails 9 a great "p ( s\!rn ,africa1 viz4 t a h\se or field t has be5 /ruck by lightn+ _c be us$ aga94 ,catequil has tak5 possession ( x1 & x w\ld be dang]\s to dispute x ) him4#hi ,we h se5 h[ ! elem5t ( wat] 0 ador$ "u ! names ( ,viraco*a & 8 si/] ,mama ,co*a4 ,! e>? 0 wor%ipp$ 9 grottos or caves1 (t5 consid]$ z ! places :5ce m5 & gods _h tak5 _! orig91 & z giv+ oracles4#ij ,!re 7 also trees & plants t 7 clo!d ) a div9e "*1 especially ! escul5t plants1 su* z ! maize1 p]sonifi$ z ,z>ap ,conopa1 & ! potato1 z ,papap ,conopa4 ,a female /atue 0 (t5 made ( maize or coca leaves1 & ador$ z ! "m ( plants4#ia ,?us we desc5d q g5tly f ! (ficial heights ( ! religion ( ! ,incas t[>ds ^? sub/rata ( religi\s ?\ght :i* always ma9ta9 !mselves b5ea? ! high] religion t m or less expressly patronizes !m1 b to :i* !y are n really b\nd by any necess>y tie4 ,!y are ! survivals ( old sup]/itions1 to :i* ! common p are (t5 f> m atta*$ ?an !y are to ! exalt$ doctr9es :i* !y are taught (ficially4 ,& x is ?us1 = example1 t we note 9 ,p]u ! v popul> wor%ip ( num]\s animals1 m\nt+1 )\t d\bt1 to a mu* high] antiquity ?an 0 rea*$ by ! religion ( ! ,incas4 ,inde$1 ,i %\ld be incl9$ to ascribe to ! religi\s diplomacy ( ! *ildr5 ( ! ,sun ! ,p]uvian belief :i* e/abli%$ a connection ( orig9 betwe5 ea* k9d ( animal & a p>ticul> />4 ,! s]p5t1 especially1 seems to h be51 9 ,p]u z 9 ,africa1 ! object ( great v5]ation4 ,we f9d x reproduc$ 9 wood & /one on an enorm\s numb] ( ! great] & small] relics ( ,p]uvian art4 ,! god ( subt]ranean treasures1 ,urcaguay1 0 a great s]p5t1 ) little *a9s ( gold at 8 tail1 & a head adorn$ ) /ag-l horns4 ,! dwell]s by ! %ore wor%ipp$ ! :ale & ! %>k4 ,!re 7 fi%-gods1 too1 9 ! temple ( ,pa*acamac1 no d\bt because ( ! enorm\s p[] ( reproduction possess$ by fi%es4 ,! condor 0 a mess5g] ( ! ,sun1 & 8 image 0 grav5 on ! sceptre ( ! ,incas4#ib ,x is rem>kable t ! llama does n appe> among/ ^! div9e animals1 probably because x 0 s completely dome/icat$ & :olly subject to man4 ,& f9ally1 :5 we come to ! ,guacas1 or ,huacas1 we rea* ! po9t :]e ! ,p]uvian religion s9ks into absolute feti*ism4 ,! mean+ ( ! ^w ,guaca1 or ,huaca1 0 n v precise 9 ! m\?s ( ! ,p]uvians !mselves4 ,on ! "o h&1 x 0 appli$ to ev]y?+ t bore a religi\s "*1 :e!r an object ( wor%ip1 ! p]son ( ! prie/s1 a temple1 a tomb1 or :at n4 ,! ,sun himself 0 ,huaca4 ,! *ief prie/ ( ,cuzco bore among/ o!r names t ( ,huacapvillac1 he :o conv]ses ) huaca be+s4#ic ,on ! o!r h&1 9 ord9>y language1 ?is same t]m 0 us$ to signify ^? wood1 /one & metal objects :i* 7 s abundant 9 ,p]u1 ( :i* we /ill possess num]\s specim5s1 & ( :i* we mu/ n[ say a few words4 ,"s ( ^! huacas1 especially ! /one ones1 7 ( consid]able size1 & no d\bt dat$ f ! pre-hi/oric religion be=e ! ,incas4 ,b z a rule !y 7 small & portable1 7 private & h]$it>y prop]ty1 & 7 reg>d$ z v]itable feti*es1 t is to say1 z ! dwell+-places ( spirits4 ,animism1 9 fact1 nev] ceas$ to haunt ! imag9ations ( ! ,p]uvians1 especially among/ ! l[] ord]s1 :e!r ! spirits 7 dread$ z malevol5t sprites1 or c\rt$ z protectors & reveal]s4 ,^! huacas repres5t$ 7z true feti*es %\ld7 =ms :i* 7 sometimes animal1 sometimes human1 sometimes simply grotesque1 b always ugly & exagg]at$4 ,e valley1 e tribe1 e temple1 e *ief1 _h a gu>dian _s4 ,^? :i* 7 analog\s to pa5ates publici 7 recogniz$ by ! ,incas1 :o end[$ !m ) flocks & v>i\s pres5ts4 ,(t5 a /one 9 ! middle ( ! village pass$ z ! abode ( ! patron _s ( ! place4 ,x 0 ! huacacoal1 ! /one ( ! huaca1 :]eas ! huacas ( ! family or h\se 7 di/+ui%$ z conopas4 ,meteorites or ?und]bolts 7 9 great dem& z huacas1 & especially among/ lov]s1 s9ce !y 7 suppos$ to inspire a reciprocity ( affection4 ,! ,*ri/ian mission>ies _h m difficulty 9 root+ out ! wor%ip ( ! ,huacas ?an 9 aboli%+ t ( ! ,sun & ,moon1 & we may /ill detect num]\s traces ( ?is anci5t sup]/ition among/ ! natives ( ,p]u4#id ,,iv4 ,let u n[ turn to ! prie/hood :i* presid$ ov] ! wor%ip ( ^! num]\s deities4 ,!re 0 no sac]dotal ca/e 9 ,p]u1 or1 to speak m correctly1 ! ,inca family con/itut$ ! only sac]dotal ca/e 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! ^w4 ,?is family reta9$ = itself all ! highe/ positions 9 ! prie/hood1 z well z 9 ! army & adm9i/ration4 ,^! prie/s ( ! high] rank bore special g>m5ts & insignia1 :ile ! l[] cl]gy wore ! ord9>y co/ume4 ,at ! head ( all ! prie/s ( ! empire1 fir/ aft] ! reign+ ,inca1 /ood ! ,villac ,oumau1 ! *ief sacrific]1 also1 z we h se51 call$ ! ,huacapvillac4 ,he 0 nom9at$ by ! reign+ ,inca1 & 9 8 turn nom9at$ all 8 subord9ates4 ,8 "n indicates t he 0 ! liv+ oracle1 ! int]pret] ( ! w ( ! ,sun4 ,y c und]/&1 !re=e1 h[ important x 0 = ! policy ( ! ,incas t he %\ld himself be subject to ! au?ority & discretion ( ! sov]eign4 ,aft] him came ! re/ ( ! *ief prie/s1 also memb]s ( ! ,inca family1 :om he put 9 *>ge ( ! prov9cial temples ( ! ,sun4 ,at ,cuzco itself all ! prie/s _h to be ,incas4 ,!y 7 divid$ into squadrons1 :i* att5d$ 9 succession1 accord+ to ! qu>t]s ( ! moon1 to ! elaborate ritual ( ! s]vice4 ,& "h we mu/ admire ! consummate art ) :i* ! ,incas _h plann$ ev]y?+ 9 _! empire to secure _! supremacy aga9/ all atta9t1 9 religion z 9 all else1 :ile /ill leav+ ! successively annex$ populations a c]ta9 measure ( religi\s fre$om4 ,9 ! prov9ces1 ! ,inca family1 num]\s z x 01 c\ld n h provid$ prie/s = all ! sanctu>ies2 &1 moreov]1 !re w\ld be local rites1 traditions1 p]haps ev5 prie/hoods1 :i* c\ld n well be fitt$ into ! framework ( ! (ficial religion4 ,! ,incas !re=e _h decid$ t ! prie/s ( ! local deities %\ld be affiliat$ to ! imp]ial prie/hood1 b 9 su* a way t ! *ief prie/s ( ! local deities %\ld at ! same "t be subord9ate prie/s ( ! deities ( ! empire4 ,:at a wond]ful /roke ( political g5ius6 ,:at happi] me?od c\ld h be5 f\nd ( tea*+ ! subject populations1 :ile /ill ma9ta9+ _! traditional =ms ( wor%ip1 to reg>d ! imp]ial cultus patroniz$ by ! reign+ ,inca z sup]ior to all o!rs8 ,& :at an invaluable gu>antee ( ob$i5ce 0 obta9$ by ?is association ( ! non-,inca prie/s ) ! (ficial prie/hood1 ! hon\rs & advantages ( :i* !y 7 ?us made to %>e1 )\t any room = an aspiration aft] indep5d5ce6 ,i reg>d ?is organization ( ! prie/hood 9 anci5t ,p]u z "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ pro(s ( ! political g5ius ( ! ,incas1 & z "o ( ! facts :i* be/ expla9 h[ a !ocracy1 :i* 0 aft] all bas$ on ! absolute & exclusive pret5sions ( "o special my?ology1 0 able to consolidate itself & endure = c5turies1 :ile ex]cis+ a l>ge tol]ation t[>ds o!r traditions & =ms ( wor%ip4#ie ,by ! side ( ! prie/s !re 7 also prie/esses2 & !y 7 clo!d ) a v special function4 ,i ref] to ^? ,virg9s ( ! ,sun 7acllia *os5 ones71 ^? ,p]uvian nuns1 :o s mu* impress$ ! e>ly hi/orians ( ,p]u4 ,!re 7 conv5ts ( ^! ,virg9s at ,cuzco & 9 ! *ief cities ( ! empire4 ,at ,cuzco !re 7 five hundr$ ( !m1 drawn = ! mo/ "p f ! families ( ! ,incas & ! ,curacas or nobles1 al?\gh 7= a reason :i* w be app>5t pres5tly7 great beauty gave ev5 a daught] ( ! p a suffici5t title to ent] ! sacr$ abode4 ,!y _h a lady presid5t--,i _h almo/ said a "m abbess--:o select$ !m :ile yet q "y2 & "u h] sup]ior direction1 matrons1 or ,mamaconas1 sup]9t5d$ ! "y flock4 ,!y liv$ encloi/]$1 9 absolute retreat1 )\t any relation%ip ) ! outside _w4 ,only ! reign+ ,inca1 8 *ief wife1 ! ,coya1 & ! *ief prie/1 7 all[$ to p5etrate ?is sanctu>y ( ! virg9s4 ,n[ ^! visits ( ! ,inca's 7 n exactly dis9t]e/$4 ,! fact is1 t x 0 "h he g5]ally look$ = recruits = 8 h>em4 ,y w ask h[ t c\ld be reconcil$ ) ! v[ ( *a/ity :i* ! maid5s _h tak52 b _! promise _h be5 nev] to take any consort except ! ,sun1 or him to :om ! ,sun %\ld give !m4 ,n[ ! ,inca1 ! *ild ( ! ,sun1 8 repres5tative & inc>nation ^u e>?1 began by assign+ ! mo/ beautiful to himself1 aft] :i* he might give "s ( ^? :o _h n f\nd special fav\r 9 8 eyes to 8 ,curacas4 ,& ?us ! v[ 0 kept intact4 ,9 o!r respects1 ! mo/ absolute *a/ity 0 /]nly en=c$4 ,if any nun violat$ h] v[1 or 0 unhappy en\gh to all[ ! sacr$ fire t burn$ day & night 9 ! au/]e abode to be ext+ui%$1 ! p5alty 0 dea?4 ,& ! /range ?+ is1 t ! mode ( dea? 0 id5tical ) t :i* await$ ! ,roman ve/al guilty ( ! same (f5ces4 ,! culprit 0 buri$ alive4 ,?is illu/rates ! value ( ! !ories />t$ by ^? au?ors :o c nev] discov] any resemblance ( rites or beliefs betwe5 two peoples )\t =?) sett+ ab\t to inquire :i* ( ! two borr[$ f ! o!r6 ,x w h>dly be ma9ta9$ t ! ,p]uvians borr[$ ?is cruel cu/om f ! anci5t ,romans1 & assur$ly ! ,romans did n get x f ,p]u4 ,:5ce1 !n1 c ! resemblance spr+8 ,f ! same tra9 ( ideas lead+ to ! same conclusion4 ,by ! sacrilege ( ! culprit1 ! gods ( heav5 & ( light1 ! protect+ & b5evol5t deities1 7 (f5d$ & inc5s$1 & ! :ole c\ntry w\ld feel ! tok5s ( _! wra?4 ,to dis>m _! ang]1 its unhappy cause mu/ expiate h] guilt1 & at ! same "t mu/ be remov$ f _! sight & giv5 ov] to ! p[]s ( d>kness1 = %e 0 no long] wor?y to see ! light4 ,& t is :y ! d>k tomb mu/ swall[ h]4 ,%e _h betray$ h] sp\se ! ,sun--let h] h5ce=? be ! sp\se & ! slave ( d>kness2 & let h] be s5t alive to ^? d>k p[]s1 t !y might d ) h] z !y w\ld4 ,we mu/ add t ! guilty nun's accomplice 0 /rangl$1 & t h] :ole family f fir/ to la/ 0 put to dea?4 ,! ord9>y occupations ( ! ,virg9s ( ! ,sun consi/$ 9 mak+ g>m5ts = ! memb]s ( ! imp]ial family & tape/ries de/9$ to adorn ! temples & palaces1 9 knead+ & bak+ ! sacr$ loaves1 prep>+ ! sacr$ dr9ks1 &1 f9ally1 9 wat*+ & fe$+ ! sacr$ fire4 ,y p]ceive t x 0 n exactly ! ascetic pr9ciple :i* _h giv5 rise to ^! conv5ts--z 9 ! case ( ! ,buddhi/ & ,*ri/ian in/itutions1 = example--b r ! desire to d hon\r to ! ,sun1 ! supreme god1 by consecrat+ s]aglios to him1 9 :i* 8 num]\s consorts1 protect$ by a sev]e rule1 c\ld be kept f all except himself & ^? to :om he might give !m2 accompli%+1 mean:ile1 ^? m5ial tasks :i*1 especially "u ! rule ( polygamy1 woman is requir$ to p]=m 9 ! abode ( h] "l & ma/]4#if ,all ?is %[s u once m1 ,g5tlem51 h[ ! same fundam5tal logic ( ! human m9d ass]ts itself across a ?\s& div]sities1 & re-appe>s "u e conceivable =m 9 e climate & e race4 ,only let u look close en\gh & ) ! requisite in=mation1 & we %all f9d 9 e case t all is expla9$1 t all holds toge!r1 t all is ju/ifi$1 by "s und]ly+ pr9ciple1 & t t idiot ( a ^w1 *ance1 is nev] any?+ b a veil = our ignorance4 ,& ?us1 :5 we notice any?+ p>adoxical1 grotesque1 & unexpla9$ by ! res\rces we comm& at pres5t1 we mu/ be v c>eful n to pron\nce x inexplicable4 ,we %\ld r susp5d our judgm5t1 wait till wid] reflection & r5ew$ inve/igation h %[n u ! middle t]ms1 & mean:ile keep sil5ce r ?an attribute to *ance or to influ5ces :i* escape all human reason ! ph5om5a t seem abnormal4 ,= in/ance1 y h he>d sometimes ( ! /range cu/om 9 accordance ) :i* ! fa!r ( a new-born *ild goes to b$ & is nurs$ z an invalid4 ,y are p]haps aw>e t ?is cu/om1 t appe>s s /range to u & is n[ re/rict$ to a few savage tribes1 0 not$ 9 anci5t times 9 ,europe itself1 & has be5 pres]v$ almo/ to our own "t 9 c]ta9 cantons ( ! ,pyr5ees4 ,x mu/ !re=e h be5 extremely wide-spread4 ,yet = a long "t x seem$ inexplicable4 ,b n[1 ?anks to inve/igations & comp>isons1 ! explanation has be5 f\nd4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! cu/om 9 "q re/$ on ! idea t !re 0 a close solid>ity betwe5 ! heal? ( ! fa!r & t ( ! new-born babe1 s t if ! fa!r %\ld fall sick1 8 f> weak] *ild w\ld die4 ,! fa!r1 !re=e1 mu/ be gu>d$ f all ov]-ex]tion1 mu/ ab/a9 f all excess--9 %ort1 0 be/ 9 b$6 ,s1 too1 9 ! pres5t case4 ,h[ are we to expla9 ! resemblance betwe5 ! treatm5t ( ! ,ve/als at ,rome & ! ,virg9s ( ! ,sun at ,cuzco8 ,x 0 once impossible1 b n[ t we are bett] acqua9t$ ) ! g5esis1 ! _s1 ! inn] logic ( ! primitive religions1 & ! modes ( life1 ! wants & ! appreh5sions prop] to ! pre-hi/oric ages1 we h no difficulty 9 atta*+ two p>allel cu/oms to a s+le religi\s pr9ciple :i* _h f\nd acceptance alike 9 ,italy & ,p]u4 ,& ?is is "o ( ! *ief tasks1 & "o ( ! greate/ *>ms1 ( ! bran* ( /udy :i* ,i h ! hon\r ( pr(ess+4 ,x %[s u t ev5 9 human error1 human reason has nev] abdicat$ its ?rone4 ,we h /ill to speak ( ! temples1 ! ritual & ! *ief fe/ivals ( anci5t ,p]u4 ,to ^! subjects we %all devote ! fir/ "p ( our six? & la/ ,lecture1 res]v+ ! clos+ portion = ! conclusions & ! g5]al lessons sugge/$ by our two-fold /udy ( ,mexico & ,p]u4 ,,lecture ,,vi4 ,,p]uvian ,,cultus ,,& ,,fe/ivals4--,,morals ,,& ,,! ,,future ,,life4--,,conclusions4 ,,ladies ,,& ,,g5tlem51 ,to complete my acc\nt ( ! native religion ( ,p]u1 ,i h /ill to speak ( ! cultus1 ! fe/ivals1 ! religi\s e?ics1 & ! ideas ( a future life4 ,i4 ,! ,p]uvian cultus _h giv5 bir? to ! temple2 &1 inde$1 x is highly int]e/+ to witness :at "o may call ! g5esis ( ! temple on ?is soil1 s diff]5t f ^? ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,!re 7 temples1 inde$1 be=e ! ,incas1 b !y diff]$ bo? 9 /yle & 9 signification f ^? re>$ "u _! patronage4 ,9 ,p]u1 z 9 ,mexico1 ! temples 7 orig9ally nei!r m nor less ?an extremely l(ty alt>s2 t is to say1 artificial elevations1 on ! summit ( :i* ! sacrifices 7 pres5t$1 :ile a little *apel s]v$ to conta9 ! image ( ! god or gods ador$4 ,r\nd ?is great alt> 7 gr\p$ o!r *apels1 gall]ies & columns1 z ?\gh to accompany ! great c5tral alt> =m$ by ! em95ce itself4 ,"u ! ,incas1 ! cr[n+ *apel increas$ s enorm\sly t x encircl$ ! alt> & became ! ess5tial "p ( ! sacr$ /ructure4 ,! ,inca temples 7 v]itable palaces1 de/9$ z abodes = ! gods4 ,none ( !m rema92 b _! ru9s atte/ ! fact t ! ar*itects aim$ r at colossal ?an at beautiful effects4 ,!y conta9$ gigantic /one /atues1 gates cut out ( monoli?s1 & ! well-kn[n pyramidal /ructures ( :i* we h spok5 already4 ,! mo/ impos+ ( ! temples 0 ! "o at ,cuzco1 :i* consi/$ 9 a va/ c5tral edifice1 flank$ ) a numb] ( adjac5t build+s4 ,gold 0 s prodigally lavi%$ on its int]ior t x bore ! "n ( ,corican*a1 t is to say1 ! place ( gold4 ,! ro( 0 =m$ by timb]-"w ( preci\s woods plat$ ) gold1 b 0 cov]$1 z 9 ! case ( all ! h\ses ( ! l&1 ) a simple ?at* ( maize /raw4 ,! doors op5$ to ! ,ea/1 & at ! f> end1 above ! alt>1 0 ! gold5 disk ( ! ,sun1 plac$ s z to reflect ! fir/ rays ( ! morn+ on its brilliant surface1 &1 z x 71 reproduce ! great lum9>y4 ,& note t ! mummies ( ! dep>t$ ,incas1 *ildr5 ( ! ,sun1 7 rang$ 9 a semicircle r\nd ! sacr$ disk on gold5 ?rones1 s t ! morn+ rays came day by day to %9e on _! augu/ rema9s4 ,! adjac5t build+s 7 abodes ( ! deities :o =m$ ! ret9ue ( ! ,sun4 ,! pr9cipal "o 0 sacr$ to ! ,moon1 8 consort1 :o _h h] disk ( silv]1 & rang$ ar\nd h] ! anci5t que5s1 ! dep>t$ ,coyas4 ,o!rs s]v$ z ! abodes ( ,*aska1 our planet ,v5us1 ! ,pleiades1 ! ,?und]1 ! ,ra9b[1 & f9ally ! (ficiat+ prie/s ( ! temple4 ,9 ! prov9ces1 ! ,incas re>$ a numb] ( temples ( ! ,sun on ! model ( t at ,cuzco1 b on a small] scale4#ig ,! ,incas1 h[ev]1 _h be5 anticipat$ 9 ?is /rik+ developm5t ( ! temple by ! religions ant]ior or adjac5t to _! own4 ,witness ! great temple ( ,pa*acamac1 :i* !y left /&+ 9 ! valley ( ,lur91 & ! rem>kable ru9s ( ano!r great temple situat$ at "s miles di/ance f ,lake ,titicaca1 :i* has q rec5tly be5 made ! subject ( a c>eful recon/ructive /udy by y\r compatriot ,mr4 ,inw>ds4#ih ,! (f]+s pres5t$ to ! gods 7 v v>i$ 9 k9d4 ,fl[]s1 fragrant inc5se1 especially f prep>ations ( coca1 vegetables1 fruits1 maize1 prep>$ dr9ks (f]$ 9 cups ( gold4 ,at "s ( ! fea/s ! (ficiat+ prie/ moi/5$ ! tips ( 8 f+]s 9 ! cup & flung ! drops t[>ds ! ,sun4 ,we also f9d 9 ,p]u a v special =m ( t remnant ( self-immolation :i* ent]s1 9 m or less r$uc$ & re/rict$ %ape1 into ! devotions ( s _m peoples & assumes su* v>i$ =ms4 ,! ,r$-sk9 (f]s 8 sweat2 ! ,black (f]s 8 saliva or 8 tee?2 ! m poetical ,greek1 a lock ( 8 hair1 or ev5 all ( x4 ,! ,p]uvian pull$ out a hair f 8 eyebr[ & blew x t[>ds ! idol6#ii ,b !re 7 also sacrifices ( blood4 ,a llama 0 sacrific$ e day at ,cuzco4 ,be=e sett+ out on w>1 ! ,p]uvians sacrific$ a black llama t !y _h previ\sly kept fa/+1 t ! he>t ( _! enemies might fail z did 84 ,?is 0 ! ,p]uvian application ( ! pr9ciple t lies at ! base ( all ^? sup]/iti\s c]emonies int5d$ to provoke or /imulate a desir$ effect by reproduc+ its analogue 9 advance4 ,small birds1 rabbits1 &1 = ! heal? ( ! ,inca1 black dogs1 7 also sacrific$ frequ5tly4 ,all ^! (f]+s 7 z a rule burn$1 t !y might s be transmitt$ to ! gods4#ajj ,x %\ld be not$ t !y only sacrific$ edible animals1#aja :i* is a cle> pro( t ! int5tion 0 to fe$ ! gods4 ,! sacrific+ prie/ turn$ ! animal's eyes t[>ds ! ,sun1 & op5$ its body to take out its he>t1 lungs & visc]a1 & (f] !m to ! idols4 ,x is a *>act]i/ic fact t :5 ! victim 0 n burn$1 its fle% 0 divid$ among/ ! sacrific]s & eat5 raw4 ,! ,p]uvians _h long le>n$ to cook _! meat1 b ?is rite c>ries u back to a high antiquity1 :5 cook+ food 0 /ill an innovation :i* ! p[] ( tradition exclud$ f ! ritual4 ,x is to analog\s causes t we mu/ attribute ! cont9u$ use ( /one in/rum5ts 9 ! religi\s c]emonies ( peoples :o are acqua9t$ ) iron & use x 9 ord9>y life4 ,9 conclusion1 !y sme>$ ! idols & ! doors ( ! temples ) ! blood ( ! victims 9 ord] to appease ! gods4#ajb ,all ?is is suffici5tly crude & mat]ial1 & re/s ^u ! same premisses z ^? :i* drove ! ,mexicans to ! frightful excesses :i* ,i h previ\sly describ$4 ,b humanity 0 f> less outrag$ 9 ! ,p]uvian ?an 9 ! ,mexican religion4 ,g>cilasso deceives himself1 or is attempt+ to deceive 8 read]s1 :5 he gives 8 ance/ors1 ! ,incas1 ! hon\r ( hav+ put an end to human sacrifices4#ajc ,x is c]ta9 t 9 ! religion ( ,pa*acamac m especially ?is k9d ( sacrifice 0 frequ5t1 & = t matt] we "k t x 0 univ]sal 9 ! primitive epo*s4 ,all t we c all[ to ! desc5dant ( ! ,incas is1 t !y did n enc\rage1 & 7 r dispos$ to re/ra91 human sacrifice4 ,b = all t1 :5 ! reign+ ,inca 0 ill1 !y sacrific$ "o ( 8 sons to ! ,sun1 & pray$ him to accept ! sub/itution ( ! son = ! fa!r4 ,at c]ta9 fea/s a "y infant 0 immolat$4 ,o!rs 7 sacrific$ to ! subt]ranean spirits :5 a new ,inca 0 en?ron$4 ,to ! same category we mu/ atta* ! cu/om :i* enjo9$ ^u wives1 especially ^? ( ! ,incas1 ! duty ( bury+ !mselves alive on ! dea? ( _! husb&s4 ,x is ass]t$ t :5 ,huayna ,capac di$1 a ?\s& memb]s ( 8 h\sehold incurr$ a volunt>y dea? t !y might g ) him to s]ve him4 ,! wid[s1 h[ev]1 7 n compell$ to take ?is /ep1 & we "k t ! ,incas _h organiz$ ! support ( wid[s )\t res\rces4 ,b public op9ion 0 n fav\rable to ^? :o refus$ to foll[ _! husb&s to ! tomb4 ,x 0 reg>d$ z a species ( infidelity4#ajd ,we see1 h[ev]1 f o!r well-e/abli%$ facts1 t ! ,p]uvian religion _h be5 gradually s(t5$4 ,9 ,p]u1 z 9 ,*9a1 in/ead ( ! liv+ be+s t !y us$ =m]ly to bury ) ! dead1 !y n[ plac$ /atuettes ( m5 & wom5 ) him 9 8 tomb to repres5t 8 wives & 8 s]vants4#aje ,we mu/ also m5tion ^? columns ( ! ,sun :i* appe> nev] to h be5 abs5t 9 c\ntries dom9at$ by a sol> wor%ip4 ,we h already se5 !m 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica & 9 ,mexico1 & we also f9d !m 9 ,egypt1 9 ,syria1 9 ,asia ,m9or1 9 ,pale/9e1 at ,c>?age & else:]e4 ,9 ^! columns ! idea ( f]tilization is associat$ ) t ( ! pleasure ! ,sun mu/ feel 9 trac+ out _! %ad[s z he c>esses _! faces & summits ) 8 rays4 ,! e>lie/ quadrants 7 trac$ at ! foot ( ^! columns4 ,9 ,p]u1 !y 7 levell$ at ! top1 & 7 reg>d$ z seats ( ! ,sun1 :o lov$ to re/ ^u !m4 ,at ! equ9oxes & sol/ices !y plac$ gold5 ?rones ^u !m = him to sit ^u4 ,^? ne>e/ to ! equator 7 held 9 greate/ v5]ation1 because ! %ad[s 7 %ort] !re ?an else:]e1 & ! ,sun appe>$ to re/ v]tically ^u !m4#ajf ,pray]1 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! ^w1 ass]t$ its place b feebly 9 ! ,p]uvian religion4 ,b hymns to ! ,sun 7 *ant$ at ! great fe/ivals & by ! p z !y w5t to cultivate ! l&s ( ! ,sun4 ,e /rophe end$ ) ! cry1 ,hailly1 or triumph4 ,x 0 ! ,p]uvian ,io ,paean4 ,^! *ants1 z f> z !y are /ill kn[n to u1 h some?+ s(t & sad ab\t !m4 ,! rule ( ! ,incas1 pat]nal inde$1 b monoton\s 9 ! extreme1 mu/ h t5d$ to produce melan*oly4 ,9 #aeee1 a ,spani% compos] wrote a mass ^u ! !mes ( ^! indig5\s airs4 ,x 0 sung 9 *orus1 & x is *iefly to x t we owe ! pres]vation ( ^! *ants4#ajg ,b ! gr& =m ( religi\s demon/ration among ! ,p]uvians 0 ! dance4 ,!y 7 v assidu\s 9 ?is =m ( devotion1 & inde$ we "k :at a l>ge place ! e>lie/ ( ! arts occupi$ 9 ! primitive religions g5]ally4 ,! dance 0 ! fir/ & *ief means adopt$ by pre-hi/oric humanity ( ent]+ into active union ) ! deity ador$4 ,! fir/ idea 0 to imitate ! measur$ movem5ts ( ! god1 or at any rate :at 7 suppos$ to be su*4 ,aft]w>ds1 ?is fundam5tal motive 0 m or less =gott52 b ! rite rema9$ 9 =ce1 l s _m o!r religi\s =ms :i* tradition & habit su/a9$ ev5 :5 ! _s 0 gone4 ,9 ,p]u1 ?is tradition 0 /ill full ( life4 ,! "n ( ! pr9cipal ,p]uvian fe/ivals1 ,raymi1 signifies dance4 ,! p]=mances 7 s animat$1 t ! danc]s seem$ to ! ,europeans to be out ( _! s5ses4 ,x is notewor?y t ! ,incas !mselves took no "p 9 ^! viol5t dances1 b _h an ,incas' dance ( _! own1 :i* 0 grave & measur$4#ajh ,!re 7 f\r great (ficial fe/ivals 9 ! ye>1 co9cid+ ) ! equ9oxes & ! sol/ices4 ,! fir/ 0 ! fe/ival ( ! ,w9t] sol/ice1 :i* fell 9 ,june4 ,x 0 ! ,raymi1 or fe/ival p> excell5ce1 ! ,citoc ,raymi1 ! fea/ ( ! dim9i%$ & 7h5ce=?7 gr[+ ,sun4 ,x la/$ n9e days1 ! fir/ ?ree ( :i* 7 giv5 up to fa/+4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! great day1 a gr& procession1 l$ by ! reign+ ,inca & 8 family1 foll[$ by ! nobles & ! p1 proce$$1 ) insignia1 bann]s & symbolic masks1 t[>ds ! place ( ! dawn & ! ris+ ,sun4 ,:5 ! lum9>y appe>$1 ! cr[d fell to ! e>? & ?rew him kisses4 ,! ,inca pres5t$ ! sacr$ bev]age to ! ,sun1 drank "s ( x himself1 & pass$ x on to 8 suite4 ,?is 0 a sort ( sol> communion4 ,!n !y w5t to ! temple ( ! ,sun to sacrifice a black llama !re4 ,aft] ?is1 !y k9dl$ ! new fire by means ( ! concave mirror1 & slaught]$ a numb] ( llamas1 repres5t+ ! ,sun's pres5t to ! p4 ,! pieces 7 di/ribut$ to ! families1 :]e !y 7 eat5 ) ! sacr$ cakes prep>$ by ! ,virg9s ( ! ,sun4 ,?is 0 ! second act ( communion ) ! lum9>y to :om ! day 0 sacr$4 ,! rema9+ days ( ! fe/ival 7 pass$ 9 rejoic+s1 :5 ! p seem to h made !mselves ample am5ds = ! fa/ ) :i* !y _h begun4#aji ,! second great fe/ival1 t ( ,spr+1 :i* fell 9 ,septemb]1 0 ! ,citua ,raymi1 ! fea/ ( ,purification4 ,b d n atta* any ess5tially moral significance to ! idea ( purification4 ,! object 9 view 0 to purify ! t]ritory f all influ5ces ho/ile to ! heal?1 security & prosp]ity ( ! inhabitants4 ,ball-%ap$ cakes 7 eat5 on ?is occasion1 9 :i* 0 mix$ ! blood ( victims or ( "y *ildr51 :o 7 n slaught]$ h[ev]1 b bl$ above ! nose1 :i* is evid5ce ( a previ\s cu/om ( f> great] f]ocity1 & ( ! gradual s(t5+ ( ! ,p]uvian ritual4 ,) ?is bread ! p rubb$ _! bodies all ov]1 & ! doors ( _! h\ses likewise4 ,!n1 a little be=e sunset1 a v /range c]emony 0 p]=m$4 ,an ,inca1 clad 9 preci\s arm\r & lance 9 h&1 desc5d$ f ! =tress ( ,cuzco1 foll[$ by f\r relatives :om ! ,sun _h specially *>g$ ) ! task ( *as+ away by op5 =ce all ! maladies f ! city & its environs4 ,!y trav]s$ ! *ief /reets ( ,cuzco at full spe$1 amid ! acclamations ( ! inhabitants1 & !n surr5d]$ _! lances to o!rs1 :o 7 reliev$ 9 _! turn1 till ! limits ( ! anci5t /ate ( ,cuzco 7 rea*$4 ,!re ! lances 7 fix$ 9 ! gr\nd1 z s _m talismans aga9/ evil influ5ces4 ,at night !re 0 a great tor*-light procession1 at ! close ( :i* ! tor*es 7 hurl$ into ! riv]1 & ?us ! evil spirits ( ! night 7 expell$1 z ^? ( ! day _h be5 by ! lanc]s ( ! ,sun4#aaj ,obs]ve t 9 ,africa1 among/ ! ,blacks1 a k9d ( *ase ( ! evil spirits is practis$ 7?\gh accompani$ ) f> few] c]emonies ?an 9 ,p]u71 9 :i* ! inhabitants ( a village1 arm$ ) /icks & utt]+ =mulae ( exorcism1 expel ! evil spirits f _! h\ses & f _! /reets1 & pursue !m into ! des]t or ! int]ior ( a =e/4 ,b notice "h1 aga91 ) :at art ! ,incas _h contriv$ to turn an old sup]/ition to acc\nt 9 ! int]e/s ( _! own pre/ige4 ,if maladies did n decimate ! p ( ,cuzco1 x 0 to _! ,incas t !y ow$ _! safety4 ,! ?ird great fe/ival1 ! ,aymorai1 :i* fell 9 ,may1 celebrat$ ! ,h>ve/4 ,a /atue 0 con/ruct$ out ( gra9s ( corn glu$ toge!r1 & 0 ador$ "u ! "n ( ,pirrhua1 :i* 9 ?is case may well be a contraction ( ,viraco*a1 ! god ( f]tiliz+ moi/ure4 ,on ?is occasion a numb] ( sacrifices 7 made at home by ! h\sehold]s4#aaa ,! f\r? great fea/ fell 9 ,decemb]4 ,x 0 ! ,capac ,raymi1 ! fe/ival ( ,p[]1 9 :i* ! god ( ?und] 0 ! object ( a special wor%ip by ! side ( ! ,sun4 ,on ?is occasion ! "y ,incas1 aft] fa/s1 t\rnam5ts & o!r te/s1 receiv$ ! inve/iture ( manhood by hav+ _! e>s pi]c$1 & receiv+ a sc>f1 an axe & a cr[n ( fl[]s4 ,! "y ,curacas ( ! same age 7 also admitt$ to ! privileges & duties ( _! rank1 & %>$ ) ! ,inca ! sacr$ bread 9 tok5 ( indissoluble communion ) him4#aab ,!re 7 also a numb] ( o!r & less important fea/s4 ,ea* mon? _h "o ( its own4 ,!n !re 7 occasional fea/s1 to celebrate ! triumphal return ( a victori\s ,inca = example1 or :5 ! t\rnam5ts ( ! "y nobles1 to :i* a religi\s value 0 atta*$1 took place1 or :5 sil5t processions la/+ a day & night1 & foll[$ by dances1 7 in/itut$ to av]t ?reat5+ calamities1 & s =?4#aac ,9 ,p]u1 z 9 s _m o!r regions1 eclipses 7 ! subject ( great t]ror4 ,! eclipses ( ! ,sun 7 attribut$ to 8 own ang]1 ^? ( ! ,moon to an illness caus$ by ! attack ( an evil _s1 to fright5 :i* away & put x to flight a hide\s yell+ 0 rais$4#aad ,!re 7 sorc]]s 9 ,p]u z ev]y:]e else2 b 9 ,p]u too1 z ev]y:]e else :]e a prie/hood has acquir$ a regul> organization & made its au?ority respect$1 sorc]y 0 h>dly resort$ to save by ! l[] classes4#aae ,9 fact1 ! sorc]] is ! prie/ ( backw>d tribes1 & ! prie/ is ! develop$ sorc]]4 ,by 8 sup]ior k1 by ! m /able gu>antees :i* he c give z ! memb] ( an impos+ organization1 by ! nature ( ! religion ( :i* he is ! organ1 & :i* raises him above ! incoh]5t pu]ilities ( animism1 ! prie/ eclipses ! sorc]] & relegates him to ! l[] /rata ( society1 :i* is j :]e 8 own titles to sup]iority are lea/ appreciat$4 ,! sorc]] s9ks 9 proportion z ! prie/ rises4#aaf ,= ! re/1 ! (ficial prie/hood _h its own div9]s1 :o c\ld =etel ! future1 ! ,huac>ima*i1 or !y :o make ! gods speak4 ,! oracles ( ! valley ( ,rimac or ,lima 7 mu* frequ5t$2 &1 moreov]1 ! ,p]uvians1 l s _m peoples ( ! ,old ,_w1 ?\ght t !y c\ld read ! future 9 ! entrails ( ! victims (f]$ 9 sacrifice4#aag ,?is wide-spread belief re/s on ! idea t immolation unites ! victim s closely to ! deity t x ent]s into communion ) 8 ?\ghts & int5tions1 s t its he>t1 liv]1 & all o!r organs suppos$ to be affect$ by m5tal & moral dispositions1 receive ! impress ( ! div9e prevision4 ,is x n pass+ /range1 ,g5tlem51 t ?is mode ( div9ation1 :i* appe>s s absurd to u1 :i* has no rational basis :atev]1 :i* re/s on a s+ul>ly subtle conception ( ! relations betwe5 ! creature sacrific$ & ! be+ to :om x is (f]$1 has secur$ ! prolong$ confid5ce ( ! peoples ( ! ,old ,_w1 & appe>s aga9 9 ,p]u1 :]e x _c h be5 imitat$ f any "o8 ,,ii4 ,x has be5 ask$ :e!r ! native religion ( ,p]u re/$ any sy/em ( elevat$ morals on its fundam5tal pr9ciples4 ,g5tlem51 ,i am p]suad$ t religion & morals unite toge!r & int]p5etrate ea* o!r 9 ! high] regions ( ?\ght & life4 ,p]haps ! mo/ di/9ct result ( our ,*ri/ian education is ! full compreh5sion ( ! fact t :at is moral is religi\s1 & t immorality _c on any pretext be all[$ z legitimately religi\s4 ,b we mu/ c]ta9ly yield to ! ov]:elm+ evid5ce t 9 ! l[] /ages ( religion ?is union ( ! two si/]s is pres5t only 9 g]m4 ,religion1 /ill q selfi% 9 its "*1 pursues its own way & seeks its own satisfactions indep5d5tly ( all moral consid]ations1 & almo/ always lives 9 a /ate ( sep>ation f morality4 ,we ought !re=e to expect t 9 sy/ems su* z t ( ,p]u--:i* h already ris5 mu* above ! l[ level ( ! primitive religions1 b are /ill f> bel[ t ( ! high] ones--we %\ld f9d a c]ta9 religi\s e?ic1 a c]ta9 moral t5d5cy 9 religion1 b likewise all k9ds ( inconsi/5cies1 & con/ant relapses t[>ds ! anci5t sep>ation ( ! two si/]s4 ,z a g5]al rule1 we may say t ev5 :]e ! ,p]uvian religion seems to und]take ! elevation & protection ( morals1 x does s r ) a utilit>ian & selfi% view1 ?an ) any real purpose ( sanctify+ ! he>t & w4 ,?us we h not$ c]emonies :i* =cibly recal ! ,communion4 ,b ! great object 9 view 0 to secure to ! communicants ! safety & well-be+ t w\ld result f _! union ) ! ,sun or 8 repres5tatives4 ,! moral idea occupies b a small place 9 ?is communion1 ?\gh x is b "r to add t ! great social laws 7 plac$ "u ! patronage & sanction ( ! ,sun1 ^: legislation ! ,incas 7 held responsible = en=c+4 ,9 ! same way we f9d 9 ,p]u some?+ t closely resembles baptism4 ,f fifte5 to tw5ty days aft] bir? ! *ild receiv$ its fir/ "n1 aft] be+ plung$ into wat]4 ,b ?is purification _h no?+ to d ) ! ideas ( s9 & reg5]ation4 ,x 0 b a =m ( exorcism1 de/9$ to secure ! *ild f ! evil spirits & _! malign influ5ces4 ,betwe5 ! ages ( t5 & twelve1 ! *ild's def9itive "n 0 conf]r$4 ,on ?is occasion 8 hair & nails 7 cut (f1 & (f]$ to ! ,sun & ! gu>dian spirits4#aah ,?is repres5t$ ! consecration ( 8 p]son1 b its ma9 object 0 to secure him ! protection ( ! div9e p[]4 ,!re 0 likewise a sac]dotal confession1 b x 0 an in/itution ( /ate & ( police r ?an a sacram5t ) a moral purpose4 ,! great object 0 to discov] all actions1 :e!r volunt>y or n1 :i* might br+ mis=tune ^u ! /ate if n expiat$ by ! appropriate p5ances & rites4 ,! fa!r confessors ( ,p]u 7 inquisitors *>g$ ) ! se>*+ out ( secret faults & ! exaction ( _! av[al4 ,a refusal to confess might provoke sev]e measures4 ,a pro( ( ! small influ5ce ( ! moral elem5t 9 ! :ole sy/em ( inquisition may be f\nd 9 ! fact t ! prie/ reli$ on purely =tuit\s te/s 9 decid+ :e!r or n to give absolution4 ,= in/ance1 he w\ld take a p9* ( maize gra9s1 & if ! numb] turn$ out to be ev51 he w\ld decl>e ! confession good1 & give absolution1 o!rwise he w\ld say ! p5it5t mu/ h conceal$ some?+1 & w\ld make him confess aga94#aai ,our conviction t ! ,p]uvian religion _h b a v elem5t>y moral significance1 receives a f9al confirmation f ! beliefs conc]n+ ! future life4 ,x is cle> t no v def9ite ideas on ?is po9t _h become g5]ally e/abli%$4 ,9 fact1 we f9d among/ ! ,p]uvians at ! "t ( ! conque/ ! und]ly+ conceptions ( ! mo/ widely sev]$ peoples1 all m+l$ toge!r4 ,?us ! common p ( ,p]u1 l all savages1 ?\ght ( ! future life z a cont9uation1 pure & simple1 ( ! pres5t life4 ,?is expla9s ! cu/om ( bury+ all k9ds ( useful & desirable objects ) ! dead--giv+ him an emigrant's outfit1 9 %ort4 ,! wor%ip ( ance/ors is easily graft$ ^u ?is conception ( ! life beyond ! grave4 ,^! ance/ors may /ill succ\r1 protect & inspire _! desc5dants4 ,i am assur$ at fir/ h& t to ?is v day1 & 9 spite ( ! ef=ts ( ! ,ca?olic cl]gy1 ! wor%ip ( ance/ors is /ill widely practis$ by ! native population4 ,!re 0 n ! lea/ idea ( a resurrection ( ! body4 ,if ! corpse 0 pres]v$1 especially 9 ! case ( dep>t$ ,incas1 x 0 because ! ,p]uvians believ$ t ! s\l :i* _h left x /ill reta9$ a m>k$ pr$ilection = its anci5t abode & lik$ to return to x f "t to "t2 & also because !y attribut$ magic virtues to ! rema9s ?us pres]v$4 ,no idea ( recomp5se is z yet associat$ ) ?is purely animi/ic & primitive conception ( ! life beyond ! tomb4#abj ,among/ ! high] classes1 ! ideas ent]ta9$ on ?is same subject _h become a little less naive4 ,! ,incas 7 suppos$ to be transport$ to ! mansion ( ! ,sun1 _! fa!r1 :]e !y /ill liv$ toge!r z 8 family4 ,! ,curacas or nobles w\ld ei!r foll[ !m !re1 or w\ld /ill live "u ! e>? b5ea? ! sceptre ( ! god ( ! dead1 ,supay1 ! ,hades or ,pluto ( ! ,p]uvian my?ology4 ,d n id5tify ?is deity ) a ,satan or ,ahriman ( any k9d4 ,he 0 n a wick$1 b r a s9i/] god1 ! conception ( :om c\ld wake no joy\s or ev5 s]5e emotions4 ,he 0 a voraci\s deity1 ( insatiable appetite4 ,at ,quito1 at any rate be=e ! conque/ ( ! c\ntry by ! ,incas1 a hundr$ *ildr5 7 sacrific$ to him e ye>4 ,!re is no idea ( positive suff]+ inflict$ on ! wick$ "u 8 direction4 ,b ! subt]ranean abode is gloomy & dismal1 l ! place ( %ades 9 ! ,odyssey4 ,exceptional consid]ations ( bir?1 rank or val\r 9 w>1 det]m9e ! passage ( *os5 s\ls to heav51 :]e _! lot w ( c\rse be f> m brilliant & happy ?an t ( ! s\ls t rema9 9 ! subt]ranean regions4 ,?us ! ari/ocratic po9t ( view1 b>ely modifi$ by ! high importance attribut$ to ! w>like virtues1 /ill dom9ates ! ideas ( a future life 9 anci5t ,p]u1 z 9 ,mexico1 9 ,polynesia & 9 ,africa4 ,?is is a f9al pro( t ! moral elem5t 0 b feebly pres5t 9 ! anci5t ,p]uvian religion4 ,= :]ev] a cle> & def9ite belief 9 a consci\s life beyond ! grave is unit$ to a s5se ( ! religi\s "* ( morality1 x is likewise held1 by an obvi\s connection ( ideas1 t ! lot ( dep>t$ s\ls w dep5d completely ^u _! moral condition1 )\t di/9ction ( bir? or rank4#aba ,?is ,p]uvian religion1 !n1 9 spite ( its elevation & ref9em5t 9 "s respects1 =cibly rem9ds u ( ! walls ( its own temples1 all plat$ ) gold1 b cov]$ 9 ) /raw1 & poor & unv>i$ 9 ar*itecture4 ,a monoton\s1 un=m$1 gloomy _s seems to p]vade ! :ole in/itution1 9 spite ( its brilliant ext]ior4 ,! air ( ! conv5t broods ov] x4 ,^? ?\s&s ( function>ies :o sp5t _! lives 9 sup]9t5d+ ! furniture1 ! dress1 ! "w1 ! v cook]y1 ( ! families "u _! *>ge1 & inflict+ corporal *a/isem5t on ^? :om !y surpris$ 9 a fault1 might succe$ 9 =m+ a correct & regul> society1 drill$ l ! bees 9 a hive1 might =m a nation ( submissive slaves1 b c\ld nev] make a nation ( m52 & ?is is ! deep cause t expla9s ! irrem$iable collapse ( ?is ,p]uvian society "u ! vigor\s bl[s ( a h&ful ( unscrupul\s ,spani>ds4 ,x 0 a skilfully con/ruct$ ma*9e1 :i* work$ l a *ronomet]2 b :5 once ! ma9spr+ 0 brok51 all 0 ov]4 ,x is no "p ( our task to tell ! /ory ( ! conv]sion ( ! natives to ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ri/ianity4 ,x 0 comp>atively easily effect$4 ,! fall ( ! ,incas 0 a mortal bl[ to ! religi\s1 no less ?an to ! political1 edifice 9 :i* !y 7 ! key-/one ( ! ar*4 ,x 0 evid5t t ! ,sun _h be5 unable or unwill+ to protect 8 *ildr54 ,! conqu]or impos$ 8 religion on ,p]u1 z on ,mexico1 by op5 =ce2 & ! ,spani% ,inquisition1 ?\gh n giv+ rise to su* num]\s & t]rible spectacles 9 ! =m] z 9 ! latt] c\ntry1 yet c>ri$ out its "w ( t]ror & oppression !re too4 ,! result 0 t peculi> "* ( ! ,ca?olicism ( ! natives ( ,p]u :i* /rikes e travell]1 & consi/s 9 a k9d ( timid & sup]/iti\s submission1 )\t confid5ce & )\t zeal1 associat$ ) ! ob/9ate pres]vation ( cu/oms :i* m\nt back to ! =m] religi\s regime1 & ) memories ( ! gold5 age ( ! ,inca rule "u :i* _! ance/ors 7 privileg$ to live1 b :i* has gone to return no m4 ,,iii4 ,& n[ x only rema9s = u to draw ! inf]5ces & conclusions sugge/$ by our exam9ation ( ! anci5t religions ( ,mexico & ,p]u1 s closely associat$ ) ! rem>kable ?\gh imp]fect civilizations to :i* ! two nations _h atta9$4 ,we h n /ay$ to discuss ! hypo!ses t h s (t5 be5 put =w>d1 to atta* ^! religions & civilizations to "s immigration f ! ,old ,_w4 ,! fact is t all ^! attempts re/ on ! arbitr>y selection ( "s few traits ( resemblance1 on :i* exclusive /ress is laid1 to ! neglect ( /ill m *>act]i/ic diff]5ces4 ,! be/ pro( t ! "w ( affiliation has be5 abortive1 9 spite ( ! high au?ority ( "s ( ! names t h be5 l5t to x1 may be f\nd 9 ! fact t e possible nation ( ! ,old ,_w has 9 its turn be5 select$ z ! true p>5t ( ! ,p]uvians & ,mexicans4 ,! ,c>?ag9ians1 ! ,greeks1 ! ,*9ese1 ! ,h9dus1 ! ,buddhi/s ( ,india & ,*9a1 ! ,romans1 ev5 ! ,celts & ! ,*aldeans1 h be5 put =w>d "o aft] ! o!r4 ,nay1 ! ,engli% !mselves h be5 tri$6 ,!re is a gratify+ leg5d :i* br+s ! /ory ( ,manco ,capac & ,mama ,ogllo into connection ) ! results ( ! %ipwreck ( an ,engli%man1 ^: national "n 0 trans=m$ into ,+a ,man1 :i* aga91 9 conjunction ) ,cocapac1 ! "n ( ! fa!r ( ! native wife :om ! ,engli%man _h tak5 to himself1 made ,inca ,manco ,capac6 ,! sequel is obvi\s4 ,! two fair-sk9n$ *ildr5 t sprang f ?is union 7 ( c\rse ! f\nd]s ( ! ,inca family & ! /ate ( ,cuzco4#abb ,i ne$ n tell y t all ?is w n be> a mom5t's exam9ation4 ,ev]y?+ %[s t ! civilizations & religions ( ,mexico & ,p]u are auto*?on\s1 spr++ f ! soil itself4 ,!re is surely some?+ v /range 9 ?is passion = localiz+ all orig9s at "s s+le po9t ( ! globe4 ,:y n admit t :at took place !re may h tak5 place else:]e also1 t ! same conc\rse ( ev5ts :i* call$ =? su* & su* a result 9 a c]ta9 giv5 place may h be5 reproduc$ some:]e else1 & consequ5tly giv5 rise to id5tical or closely analog\s results !re too8 ,does n our own exp]i5ce tea* u t ! contact ( a civiliz$ ) an unciviliz$ p is n en\gh 9 itself to ensure ! adoption by ! latt] ( ! civilization t is br\ght to x8 ,x is ! exception1 n ! rule1 = ! ,r$-sk91 ! ,kafir1 ! ,au/ralian or ! ,papuan1 to become civiliz$4 ,civilization c only be h&$ on if ! invad$ race possesses a special disposition & aptitude = civiliz$ life2 & ?is aptitude may h exi/$ to su* a degree z to be capable ( indep5d5t developm5t 9 ! ,new-,_w z we "k x did 9 ! ,old2 & if !re 7 c5tres ( su* nasc5t civilization 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 9 ,mexico & 9 ,p]u1 x is absolutely sup]flu\s to se>* else:]e ?an 9 ,am]ica itself = ! orig9s ( ,am]ican civilization4 ,b ! mi/ake into :i* s _m hi/orians & travell]s h fall5 is expla9$1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 by ! fact t1 9 exam9+ ! beliefs1 ! monum5ts & ! cu/oms ( ,p]u & ,mexico1 we come ^u ph5om5a at e mom5t :i* are id5tical ) or analog\s to some?+ we h obs]v$ 9 ! ,old ,_w4 ,! temples1 ) _! successive t]races1 rem9d u ( anci5t ,*aldea1 & ! hi]oglyphics ( anci5t ,egypt4 ,! conv5ts recal ! ,indian & ,*9ese ,buddhism4 ,! cruel & bloody sacrifices & ! prepond]ance ( ! ,sun-wor%ip h a ,semitic t+e4 ,!re are my?s & curi\s resemblances ( words :i* wake ?\ghts ( ,hell5ic civilization2 & sac]dotal ca/es & sacrificial rites :i* br+ u r\nd to ! ,celts6 ,nay1 are !re n ev5 beliefs z to ! arrival or return ( a deity :o w re/ore ord] & av5ge outrag$ ju/ice1 r\nd :i* !re brea!s a k9d ( ,messianic air8 ,s mu* s1 inde$1 t ,i mu/ add to ! li/ ( suppos$ ance/ors ( ,am]ican civilization ! t5 lo/ tribes ( ,israel1 :o mu/ h fl$ f ! yoke ( _! ,n9evite oppressors "r across ,asia into ,am]ica6 ,! p>tizans ( ?is +5i\s hypo!sis h1 x is true1 =gott5 to inquire h[ f> ^! ,israelites ( ! ,nor?1 ^: en?usiasm = ! h\se ( ,judah 01 to say ! lea/ ( x1 decid$ly subdu$1 _h ev] he>d ( ! ,messianic hopes at all6 ,! real result ( all ^! wild speculations1 h[ev]1 is to br+ out ! fact v cle>ly1 t 9 ! native religions ( ,mexico1 ( ,c5tral ,am]ica & ( ,p]u1 we f9d a numb] ( traits unit$ :i* are scatt]$ among/ ! mo/ celebrat$ religions ( our own anci5t _w2 s t ?is new & well-def9$ region gives u a preci\s opportunity ( te/+ ! value ( ! explanations ( religi\s ideas & practices d$uc$ f ! comp>ative /udy ( religions4 ,let u take ! "q ( sacrifice1 = in/ance4 ,9 bo? religions sacrifice is frequ5t1 (t5 cruel1--9 ,mexico ev5 frightful4 ,b x is easy to trace ! orig9al idea t inspir$ x4 ,x is by no means ! s5se ( guilt1 or ! idea t ! culprit1 t]rifi$ by ! acc\nt t he mu/ r5d] to ! div9e ju/ice1 c transf] to a victim ! p5alty he has himself incurr$4 ,x is simply ! idea t by (f]+ ! gods ! ?+s !y l--t is to say1 :atev] w satisfy & gratify _! s5ses--x is possible to secure _! goodwill1 _! protection & _! fav\r1 :ile at ! same "t dis>m+ _! wra?1 if ne$ be1 & appeas+ _! dang]\s appetites4 ,x is only at a lat] /age t ! extreme importance attribut$ to ?is rite1 ! v ess5ce ( ! wor%ip r5d]$ to ! gods1 leads to ! association ( my/ic & ultimately ( moral ideas ) ! circum/ance ( ! pa9 insep>ably connect$ ) sacrifice4 ,& :5 ?is /age is rea*$1 m5 w ei!r ref9e ^u ! suff]+ ) frantic int5sity1 z !y did 9 ,mexico1 or1 if ! s5tim5t ( humanity has made itself felt 9 religion1 z 0 ! case 9 ,p]u & 9 ! special wor%ip ( ,quetzalcoatl1 !y w try to re/ra9 ! numb] & mitigate ! horror ( ! human sacrifices1 :ile /ill inflexibly ma9ta9+ ! pr9ciple !y involve4 ,aga93 !re is n ! smalle/ trace ( an e>li] mono!ism prec$+ ! poly!ism ( ei!r ! "o or ! o!r nation4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we may trace 9 bo? alike ?ree /ages ( religi\s fai? sup]impos$1 s to speak1 "o ^u ! o!r4 ,at ! bottom ( all /ill lies ! religion t we f9d to-day among/ peoples t are /rang]s to all civilization4 ,x is an incoh]5t & confus$ jumble ( nature-wor%ip & ( animism or ! wor%ip ( spirits1 b especially ! latt]2 = ! primitive nature-wor%ip has be5 develop$1 enl>g$ & m or less organiz$1 on a high] level1 :]eas animism has rema9$ :at x 04 ,! spirits ( nature1 :i* may (t5 be anonym\s--spirits ( =e/s1 ( plants1 ( rocks1 ( wat]s1 ( animals1 g5]ally ) ! addition ( ! spirits ( ance/ors--make up a confus$ & inorganic mass t may assume almo/ any =m4 ,feti*ism is n ! base1 z x has be5 call$1 b ! consequ5ce & application ( ?is animi/ic view4 ,x is en\gh to secure adoration = any wor?less object1 natural or artificial1 if x /rikes ! ignorant imag9ation =cibly en\gh to induce ! belief t x is ! resid5ce ( a _s4 ,magic1 f\nd$ on ! pret5sion ( c]ta9 individuals to /& 9 special relations ) ! spirits1 equips ! prie/hood ( ?is l[e/ /age4 ,b above ?is1 ?r\gh ! action ( ! high] m9ds among/ ! p1 nature-wor%ip develops itself into ! adoration ( ! mo/ important1 mo/ g5]al & mo/ impos+ ph5om5a ( nature4 ,9 ! tropical c\ntries1 at once w>m & f]tile1 x is ! ,sun t reigns supreme1 ?\gh n )\t leav+ a v exalt$ place to o!r ph5om5a1 su* z w9d1 ra91 vegetation & s on1 p]sonifi$ z s _m special deities4 ,b 9 all ?is !re is no indication ( an antec$5t & primitive mono!ism4 ,x is q true t ea* "o ( ^! deities receives 9 8 turn epi!ts :i* seem to attribute omnipot5ce to him & to make him ! sole creator4 ,b ?is is ! case 9 all poly!i/ic sy/ems1 :e!r 9 ,greece1 ,p]sia1 & ,india1 or 9 ,mexico & ,p]u4 ,x only proves t :5 man wor%ips1 he nev] limits ! homage he r5d]s to ! object ( 8 adoration2 b if he is a poly!i/1 he has no scruple 9 attribut+ ! same omnipot5ce to ea* ( 8 gods 9 turn4 ,x is mu* ! same ) ! wor?y cures 9 our rural di/ricts1 ^: s]mons sy/ematically exalt ! sa9t ( ! day1 :oev] he may be1 to ! *ief place 9 ,p>adise6 ,& "h 9 ,mexico & 9 ,p]u1 z 9 ,greece & 9 ,india1 we obs]ve ! ev] gr[+ t5d5cy t[>ds an?ropomorphism1 trans=m+ into m51 ( enorm\s /r5g?1 /ature & p[]1 ^? natural ph5om5a :i* at ! e>li] /age 7 r assimilat$ to animals4 ,uitzilopo*tli /ill be>s ! traces ( 8 anci5t nature z a humm+-bird1 & ,tezcatlipoca ( ! "t :5 he 0 no m ?an a cele/ial tapir4 ,_! cultus1 l _! functions 9 ! ord] ( nature1 mu/ be regul> & subject to fix$ rules4 ,& ?us ! prie/hood1 organiz$ & regulat$ 9 its turn1 em]ges f ! e>li] /age ( sorc]y1 & becomes a great in/itution to protect & fo/] ! nasc5t civilization4 ,! ?ird /age 0 n actually rea*$ 9 anci5t ,mexico & ,p]u4 ,"o c b div9e its beg9n+s 9 ! my/]i\s prie/hood ( ,quetzalcoatl1 or trace x 9 ! traditions ( ! philosoph] k+ ( ,tezcuco1 & ! sceptical ,incas ( :om ,g>cilasso & o!rs tell u4 ,9 su* traits z ^! we may discov] a c]ta9 dissatisfaction ) ! e/abli%$ poly!ism1 /riv+ to raise itself high] 9 ! direction ( a spiritual mono!ism4 ,b ?is t5d5cy is obvi\sly ! la/ t]m ( ! evolution1 & 9 no s5se its fir/4 ,! hi/ory ( ! temple 9 ,mexico & ,p]u sugge/s simil> reflections4 ,its po9t ( dep>ture is ! alt>1 & n ! tomb1--! alt> on :i*1 z on a sacr$ table1 ! fle% de/9$ = _! food 0 plac$ be=e ! gods4 ,little by little1 z ! develop$ & organiz$ nature-wor%ip sub/itutes gods ( impos+ might & greatness = ! contemptible deities ( ! p]iod :5 nature-wor%ip & animism 7 conf\nd$ toge!r1 ^! alt>s assum$ huge & at la/ gigantic proportions2 & 9 ,mexico1 except 9 ! case ( ,quetzalcoatl1 !re ! developm5t /opp$1 save t a little *apel1 de/9$ to s]ve z ! abode ( ! national gods1 0 re>$ on ! summit4 ,p]u passes ?r\gh ! same phases1 b goes fur!r4 ,!re ! surm\nt+ *apel gr[s1 assumes va/ dim5sions1 & ends by embrac+ ! alt> itself1 ( :i* at fir/ x 0 b an adjunct4 ,! two religions alike exhibit an initial p5etration ( religion by ! moral idea4 ,!y are at bottom two !ocracies1 ! laws & in/itutions ( :i* re/ ^u ! gods !mselves1 ?\gh ! !ocratic =m is f> m prom95t 9 ,p]u ?an 9 ,mexico4 ,!y %>e ! advantages ( a !ocracy = a nasc5t civilization1 & its disadvantages = "o t has already rea*$ a c]ta9 developm5t4 ,x 0 ! !ocratic & sac]dotal conception t ma9ta9$ & en=c$ ! religi\s but*]y ( :i* y h he>d 9 ,mexico1 & :i* trans=m$ ,p]u into "o enorm\s conv5t1 :]e no "o _h any w or any initiative ( 8 own4 ,= ! same reason1 asceticism1 ! pr9ciple t confuses1 ?r\gh an illusion we c easily und]/&1 ! moral act itself ) ! suff]+ t accompanies x1 %[s itself 9 bo? religions1 b especially 9 t ( ,mexico2 & conv5ts t />tle u by _! resemblance to ^? ( ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity rise 9 ei!r realm4 ,b ?is mutual int]p5etration ( ! religi\s & moral ideas is /ill q rudim5t>y4 ,! prevail+ tone ( ! religion is giv5 by ! self-seek+ & purely calculat+ pr9ciple1 aim+ no d\bt at a c]ta9 my/ic satisfaction 7= at e /age ( religion ?is mov+ pr9ciple has be5 mo/ p[]ful & fruitful71 b likewise seek+ mat]ial advantages )\t any scruple z to ! means2 & ^? mon/r\s =ms ( transub/antiation :i* ! ,mexican ?\ght he 0 br++ ab\t :5 he ate ( ! same human fle% :i* he (f]$ to 8 gods1 are typical ( ! p]iod 9 :i* religion pursu$ its purpose ( union ) ! deity1 reg>dless ( ! prote/s ( ! moral s5se & ( humanity4 ,x 0 res]v$ = ! high] religions1 & especially = t ( :i* our ,bible is ! monum5t1 to realize ! intimate alliance ( ! religi\s & moral s5tim5ts1--t priceless alliance1 )\t :i* morals rema9 = ! mo/ "p almo/ b>r51 & religion falls into mon/r\s ab]rations4 ,t ! roots ( religion pi]ce to ! v cradles ( humanity1 may n[ be tak5 z demon/rat$4 ,its pr9ciple is f\nd 9 ! necessity we feel ( surm\nt+ ! unc]ta9ties & ! limitations ( de/9y1 by atta*+ ourselves individually to ! l(ti] ,_s reveal$ by nature outside u & )92 & ?is pr9ciple has always rema9$ ! same2 nor am ,i "o ( ^? :o hold t we mu/ n[ r5\nce x 9 ! "n ( philosophy & sci5ce4 ,= nei!r philosophy nor sci5ce c make u o!r ?an ! poor creatures we are1 ) an unqu5*able ?ir/ = bless$ness & life1 yet con/antly brok51 cru%$ at e mom5t1 by ! v elem5ts on ! bosom ( :i* we are =c$ to live4 ,philosophy & sci5ce may guide religion1 may reveal its true object 9 ev]-gr[+ purity1 may cleanse x f ! pollutions 9 :i* ignorance & s9 /ill plunge x1 b !y _c replace & !y _c de/roy x4 ,!re is a ,dut* prov]b1 ! pr(undity ( :i* x w\ld be difficult to exagg]ate1 ,de natuur gaat bov5 de le]--,nature is too /rong = doctr9e4 ,! evolutions ( philosophy may seem to make ! heav5s void1 & inspire man ) ! idea t all is ov] ) ! poetic or t]rific visions t rock$ ! cradle ( 8 infancy4 ,b /ay6 ,nature1 human nature1 is /ill !re2 & "u ! impulse ( ! inde/ructible ?ir/ = religion1 human nature r5ews h] ef=ts1 looks deep] & looks high]1 & f9ds h] ,god once m4 ,j]usalem r5ait plus brillante et plus belle4 ,b let n ?is conclusion1 confirm$ z x seems to me by ! :ole hi/ory ( religion1 prev5t our boldly decl>+ h[ mu* t is small1 pu]ile1 (t5 ev5 immoral & deplorable1 !re is 9 ! religi\s pa/ ( humanity4 ,x is no o!rwise ) art1 ) legislation1 ) sci5ce h]self1 ) all t con/itutes ! privilege1 ! p[]1 ! joy ( our race4 ,x is j ! k ( ^! ab]rations :i* %\ld s]ve to keep u f fall+ back into ! errors & false pr9ciples ( :i* !y 7 ! consequ5ce4 ,& 9 ?is respect ! /udy ( ! religions ( anci5t ,mexico & ,p]u is pr(\ndly in/ructive4 ,x tea*es u t !re is a pr9ciple1 bord]+ closely ^u t ( religion itself1 :i* mu/ s]ve z ! tor* to guide ! religi\s idea 9 its developm5t--n to supplant x1 b to direct x to ! true pa?4 ,x is ! pr9ciple ( humanity4 ,! tru] a religion is1 ! m absolute ! homage x w r5d] to ! pr9ciple ( humanity1 & ! m w he :o lives by its light feel himself impell$ to goodness1 lov+ & lov$1 tru/ful & free4 ,! la/ ^w ( religi\s hi/ory is1 t !re exi/s an aff9ity1 a my/]i\s relation%ip1 betwe5 our _s & ! ,_s ( ! univ]se2 t ?is nobility ( human nature embraces 9 itself all ! promises1 all ! hopes1 all ! lat5t p]fections1 all ! inf9ite ideals ( ! future2 t1 9 spite ( all appe>ances to ! contr>y1 ! ,supreme ,w is good to ea* "o ( ! be+s :i* x summons & draws to itself2 & t man1 9 spite ( 8 errors1 8 failures1 8 corruptions1 8 mis]ies1 0 nev] wrong 9 foll[+ ! sacr$ in/9ct t rais$ him sl[ly f ! mire1 0 always "r 9 r5ew+ 8 ef=ts1 s con/ant1 s toilsome--(t51 too1 s w(ul--to m\nt ! r\nds ,de cette e*elle d'or qui va se p]dre en ,dieu4 99 99 99 99 99 ,& n[1 ,ladies & ,g5tlem51 x only rema9s = me to bid y f>ewell1 :ile giv+ y my w>me/ ?anks = ! p]sev]ance1 ! enc\ragem5t & ! sympa?y1 ) :i* y h support$ me4 ,! reception y h giv5 me has t\*$ me deeply1 & my /ay 9 #ahhd 9 y\r impos+ & spl5did capital w always rema9 among/ ! mo/ priz$ & ! pleasante/ recollections ( my life4 ,y h be5 good en\gh to p>don my l+ui/ic infirmity4 ,y h sp>$ f y\r bus9ess or pleasure ! "t ne$$ to li/5 to a /rang]1 :o has come to speak to y ( matt]s hav+ no direct utility1 & ( purely hi/orical & !oretical int]e/4 ,?is is f> m to y\r hon\r ?an to m9e4 ,i ?ank y1 b at ! same "t ,i congratulate y2 = x is a trait 9 ! nobl5ess 9 our human nature to be able ?us to snat* ourselves f ! vulg> pre-occupations ( life1 to contemplate ! tru? on ^? s]5e heights :]e x reveals itself to all :o seek x ) an upright he>t4 ,cease n to love ^! noble /udies1 :i* t\* ^u all t is mo/ exalt$ & mo/ preci\s 9 u6 ,if we se>* hi/ory = light 9 politics & ! high] int]e/s ( our fa!rl&s1 & le>n !reby to und]/&1 to appreciate1 to love !m m1 let u turn to hi/ory no less = light on ! pa? :i* we mu/ tread 9 t ord] ( sublime realities1 necessities & aspirations1 9 :i* ! s\l ( ea* "o ( u becomes a temple & a sanctu>y1 ly+ op5 to ! ,et]nal ,_s t fills ! univ]se4 99 99 99 99 99 ,& n[ to ! ,et]nal1 ! ,invisible1 to ,him ^: "n we c b /amm]1 ^: inf9ite p]fections we c b feel aft]1 be r5d]$ all our homage & our he>ts6 ,,footnotes3 #a ,! second1 ?ird & f\r? despat*es 7! fir/ is lo/7 f ,f]n&o ,cortes to ,*>les ,v41 writt5 9 #aebj1 #aebb & #aebd respectively4 ,orig9al editions z foll[s3 ,c>ta de relacion embiada a su ,s4 maje/ad del emperador nuestro s5or 444 por el capitan g5]al de la nueva spana3 ,llamado f]nand cortes1 c43 ,seville1 #aebb4 ,c>ta t]c]a de relacion3 embiada por ,f]nand cortes1 c43 ,seville1 #aebc4 ,la qu>ta relacion que ,f]nand cortes g\]nador y capitan g5]al 444 embio al muy alto 444 rey de ,espana1 c43 ,tol$o1 #aebe4 ,rec5t edition1 ) notes1 c43 ,c>tas y ,relaciones de ,h]nan ,cortes al ,emp]ador ,c>los ,v4 colegidas e ilu/radas por ,don ,pascual de ,gayangos1 c43 ,p>is1 #ahff4 ,engli% translation3 ,! ,despat*es ( ,h]n&o ,cortes1 c41 translat$ by ,george ,folsom3 ,new ,york & ,london1 #ahdc4--;,francisco ,lopez de ,gom>a 7,cortes' *apla973 ,hispania ,victrix4 ,prim]a y segunda p>te de la hi/oria g5]al de las ,indias con todo el descubrimi5to1 y cosas notables que han acaescido d5de que se gan>on ha/a el ano de #aeea4 ,con la conqui/a de ,mexico y dela nueva ,espana3 ,mod9a del ,campo1 #aeec4 ,also pr9t$ 9 ,vol4 ,,xxii4 ( ! ,biblioteca de ,autores ,espanoles3 ,madrid1 #aheb 7to ! pag9ation ( :i* ref]5ces 9 future notes w be made74 ,!re is an old ,engli% translation ( ,"p ,,ii4 ( ?is "w1 entitl$1 ,! ,pleasant ,hi/orie ( ! ,conque/ ( ! ,wea/ ,india1 n[ call$ new ,spayne1 ,at*iev$ by ! wor?y ,pr9ce ,h]n&o ,cortes1 ,m>ques ( ! ,valley ( ,huaxacac1 mo/ delectable to ,reade3 ,translat$ out ( ! ,spani%e tongue by ,t4 ,n4 ,?omas ,ni*olas1 ,anno #aegh3 ,london4--,b]nal ,diaz3 ,hi/oria ,v]dad]a de la ,nueva ,espana escrita por el ,capitan ,b]nal ,diaz del ,ca/illo1 ,uno de sus ,conqui/adores4 ,sacada a luz por el ,p4 ,m4 ,fr4 ,alonso ,remon1 c43 ,madrid1 #afcb4 ,engli% translation3 ,! ,memoirs ( ! ,conqui/ador ,b]nal ,diaz del ,ca/illo1 writt5 by ,himself1 c43 translat$ by ,john ,+ram ,lockh>t1 ,f4,r4,a4,s4 #b vols43 ,london1 #ahdd4 ,!re is also a good ,fr5* translation3 ,hi/oire ,v]idique de la conquete 444 p> le ,capita9e ,b]nal ,diaz del ,ca/illo1 c41 by ,dr4 ,j\rdanet4 ,second edition3 ,p>is1 #ahgg4--,las ,casas4 ,num]\s works collect$ by ,llor5te3 ,collecion de las obras del ,v5]able ,obispo de ,*iapa1 ,don ,b>tolome de las ,casas1 ,def5sor de la ,lib]tad de los ,am]icanos4 #b vols43 ,p>is1 #ahbb4 ,also translat$ into ,fr5*1 ) "s additional matt]1 by ! same ,llor5te1 & publi%$ 9 ! same ye> at ,p>is4 ,8 ,hi/oria de las ,crueldades de los ,espanoles1 c41 0 translat$ into ,engli% 9 #afee by ,j4 ,phillips1 "u ! title ( ,! ,te>s ( ! ,indians1 c41 & d$icat$ to ,oliv] ,cromwell4 ,n4,b4 ,translations 9 full or epitomiz$ ( sev]al ( ! above works1 toge!r ) o!rs1 may be f\nd 9 ,vols4 ,,iii4 & ,,iv4 ( ,pur*as 8 ,pilgimes1 c43 ,london1 #afbe-bf4--,sahagun's hi/ory ( ,new ,spa91 a "w ( ! utmo/ importance = ! religi\s hi/ory ( ,mexico1 rema9$ unpubli%$ till ! pres5t c5tury1 & appe>$ almo/ simultane\sly 9 ,mexico & ,london3 ,hi/oria ,g5]al de las ,cosas de ,nueva ,espana 444 escribio el ,r4 ,p4 ,fr4 ,b]n>d9o de ,sahagun 444 uno de los prim]os pr$icadores del santo evangelio en aquellas regiones1 c4 #c vols43 ,mexico1 #ahbi-cj4 ,! same "w appe>$ 9 ,vols4 ,v4 & ,,vii4 ( ,"l ,k+sbor\gh's collection4 ,vid4 infr4 ,a ,fr5* translation by ,j\rdanet appe>$ 9 #ahhj4--;,aco/a3 ,hi/oria ,natural y ,moral de las ,indias 444 compue/a por el ,padre ,joseph de ,aco/a ,religioso de la ,campania de ,jesus1 c43 ,seville1 #aeij4 ,engli% translation3 ,! ,naturall & ,morall ,hi/orie ( ! ,ea/ & ,we/ ,indies1 c43 translat$ by ,e4 ,g43 ,london1 #afjd4 ,edw>d ,grim/one's translation 0 edit$1 ) notes1 = ! ,hakluyt ,society1 by ,clem5ts ,r4 ,m>kham1 9 #ahhj4--,torquemada3 ,los veynte y un libros ,rituales y ,mon>*ia ,yndiana 444 ,compue/o por ,fray ,ivan de ,torquemada1 c4 #c vols43 ,seville1 #afae4 ,pr9t$ aga9 at ,madrid 9 #agbc4--;,h]r]a 7(ficial hi/oriograph] ( ,philip ,,ii473 ,hi/oria ,g5]al de los ,he*os de los ,ca/ellanos en las ,islas i ,ti]ra ,firme del m> ,oceano1 c41 by ,antonio de ,h]r]a2 to :i* is prefix$1 ,descripcion de las ,indias ,ocid5tales1 c41 by ! same4 #d vols43 ,madrid1 #afja4 ,engli% translation 9 epitome by ,capt4 ,john ,/ev5s1 ,! ,g5]al ,hi/ory ( ! va/ ,cont95t & ,isl&s ( ,am]ica1 c4 #f vols43 ,london1 #agbe-bf4 ,! foll[+ native writ]s may also be consult$4 ,ixlilxo*itl 7,f]n&o de ,alva73 ,hi/oria ,*i*imeca & ,relaciones1 9 ,"l ,k+sbor\gh's ,mexican ,antiquities1 ,vol4 ,,ix4 7vid4 infr474 ,fr5* translations 9 ,vols4 ,,viii4 ,,xii4 & ,,xiii4 ( ,h4 ,t]naux-,compans' collection3 ,voyages1 ,relations et ,memoires orig9aux p\r s]vir a l'hi/oire de la ,dec\v]te de l',am]ique3 ,p>is1 #ahcg-da4--;,cam>go3 ,hi/oire de la ,republique de ,tlaxcallan1 p> ,dom+o ,munoz ,cam>go1 ,indi51 natif de cette ville1 translat$ f ! ,spani% ,,ms4 9 ,vols4 ,,xcviii4 & ,,xcix4 ( ! ,n\velles ,annales des ,voyages1 c43 ,p>is1 #ahdc4--,pom> 7,j4 ,b4 de73 ,relacion de las ,antiqu$ades de los ,indios4 ,pom> 0 a desc5dant ( ! royal h\se ( ,tezcuco1 & 8 memoirs 7 made use ( 9 ,,ms4 by ,torquemada4 ,among/ lat] au?orities may be m5tion$ 79 addition to ,prescott's well-kn[n "w1 & ^? cit$ 9 ! foll[+ notes73 ,w4 ,rob]tson3 ,hi/ory ( ,am]ica4--,alx4 von ,humboldt3 ,vues des ,cordilli]es et ,monum5ts des peuples de l',am]ique3 ,p>is1 #ahaj2 =m+ ! ,atlas ,pittoresque ( ,"p ,,iii4 ( ,voyage de ,humboldt et ,bonpl&4--,francesco ,sav]io ,clavig]o3 ,/oria antica del ,messico1 c4 #d vols43 ,ces5a1 #aghj-ha4 ,engli% translation by ,*>les ,cull53 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,mexico1 c4 #b vols43 ,london1 #aghg4--,?4 ,waitz3 ,an?ropologie d] ,naturvoelk]1 ,vol4 ,,iv43 ,leipzig1 #ahfd4--;,brasseur de ,b\rb\rg3 ,hi/oire des ,nations civilisees du ,mexique et de ,l',am]ique-c5trale1 c4 #d vols3 ,p>is1 #aheg-ei4--,muell] 7,joh4 ,george71 ,pr(essor at ,bale3 ,ges*i*te d] ,am]ikanis*5 ,urreligion54 ,second edition3 ,basel1 #ahfg4--,to ^! %\ld be add$ ! n>ratives & works ( ,m4 ,d4 ,*>nay1 /ill 9 ! c\rse ( publication4 ,ref]5ces w be giv5 to ! orig9als1 b 9 su* a =m1 :]ev] possible1 z to s]ve equally well = ! ,engli% & ,fr5* translations4 ,:]e1 z is n unfrequ5tly ! case1 ! *apt]s or sections ( ! translations d n correspond to ! orig9als1 a note ( ! vol4 & page ( ! =m] w g5]ally be add$4 #b ,! orig9al collection is 9 sev5 magnific5t folio volumes4 ,antiquities ( ,mexico3 compris+ ,facsimiles ( ,anci5t ,mexican ,pa9t+s & ,hi]oglyphics 444 toge!r ) ,! ,monum5ts ( ,new ,spa91 by ,m4 ,dupaix 444 ! :ole illu/rat$ by _m valuable in$it$ ,manuscripts by ,augu/9e ,aglio3 ,london1 #ahcj4 ,two supplem5t>y volumes1 on ! title-page ( :i* ,"l ,k+sbor\gh's own "n appe>s1 7 add$ 9 #ahdh1 & a t5? volume 0 project$1 b only a small portion ( x 7app5d$ to ,vol4 ,,ix47 0 pr9t$4 #c ,five volumes3 ,new ,york1 #ahge-gf4 #d ,see ,bancr(t1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 pp4 #caa1 #cab4 #e ,see ,sahagun1 ,tom4 ,i4 p4 #bja1 ,app5dix to ,lib4 ii4 7,vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #agd1 9 ,j\rdanet's translation74 #f ,! /ory is giv5 by ,bancr(t1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 p4 #dga1 on ! au?ority ( ,lopez ,m$el4 #g ,see ,torquemada1 ,lib4 viii4 cap4 xx4 at ! end4 ,on ! ,mexican temples 9 g5]al1 see ,muell]1 pp4 #fdd-fdf4 #h ,on ! great temple ( ,mexico & its annexes1 see ,waitz1 ,,iv4 #adh sqq41 :]e ! scatt]$ data ( ,sahagun1 ,aco/a1 ,gom>a1 ,b]nal ,diaz1 ,ixtlilxo*itl1 ,clavig]o1 c41 are drawn toge!r4 ,see also ,bancr(t1 ,,ii4 #egg-ehg1 ,,iii4 #dcj sq4 #i ,op4 cit4 cap4 xcii4 #aj ,comp>e ! ,g]man ,s*lang5b]g & ! old ,fr5* ,guivremont4 #aa ,see ! leg5d 9 ,clavig]o1 ,lib4 vi4 ,sec4 #f4 #ab ,see ,muell]1 pp4 #fjb sqq41 & ,sahagun1 ,tom4 ,i4 pp4 #a1 #bcg1 sqq41 ,lib4 i4 cap4 i41 & ,lib4 iii4 cap4 i41 c4 #ac ,see ,clavig]o1 ,lib4 vi4 ,sec4 #b4 ,aco/a1 pp4 #cbd sqq41 ,lib4 v4 cap4 ix4 7pp4 #cec sq4 9 ,e4 ,g4's translation72 ,sahagun1 ,tom4 ,i4 pp4 #b sq41 #bda sq41 ,lib4 i4 cap4 iii41 ,lib4 iii4 cap4 ii4 ,see also ,t]naux-,compans1 ,vol4 ,,xii4 p4 #ah4 #ad ,on ,quetzalcoatl1 see ,muell]1 pp4 #egg-eij2 ,bancr(t1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 pp4 #bci-bhg2 ,torquemada1 ,lib4 vi4 cap4 xxiv41 ,lib4 iii4 cap4 vii42 ,clavig]o1 ,lib4 vi4 ,sec4 #d2 ,ixtlilxo*itl 9 ,t]naux-,compans1 ,vol4 ,,xii4 pp4 #e-h 7fur!r1 pp4 #i-bg ( ! same volume on ! ,toltecs72 ,prescott1 ,bk4 i4 *ap1 iii41 ,bk4 iv4 *ap1 v41 & else:]e2 ,sahagun1 ,tom4 ,i4 pp4 #c-d1 #bde-f1 #bee-bei1 ,lib4 i1 cap4 v41 ,lib4 iii4 cap p4 iv4 xii4-xiv4 #ae ,see ,clavig]o1 ,lib4 iv4 ,sec4,sec4 #d1 #ae1 ,lib4 vii4 ,sec4 #db2 ,humboldt1 pp4 #cai-bj1 cf4 p4 #ie2 ,prescott1 ,bk4 i4 *ap4 i4 & else:]e2 ,bancr(t1 ,vol4 ,v4 pp4 #dbg-dbi2 ,muell]1 pp4 #ebf sq4 #af ,clavig]o1 ,lib4 vi4 ,sec4,sec4 #e1 #ae1 #cd2 ,sahagun1 ,tom4 ,i4 pp4 #af-ai1 ,lib4 i4 cap4 xiii42 ,bancr(t1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 p4 #che4 #ag ,see ,sahagun1 ,tom4 ,i4 pp4 #aj-af1 ,lib4 i4 cap4 xii4 #ah ,see ,botur9i1 ,idea de una nueva hi/oria g5]al de la ,am]ica ,sept5trional1 c43 ,madrid1 #agdf1 pp4 #fc-fe4 #ai ,bancr(t1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 pp4 #djc-dag2 ,sahagun1 ,tom4 ,i4 pp4 #bb-be1 #bi-cc1 ,lib4 i4 capp4 xv4 xvi4 xix4 #bj ,bancr(t1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 pp4 #cif-djb2 ,clavig]o1 ,lib4 vi4 ,sec4,sec4 #a1 #e4 #ba ,sahagun1 ,tom4 ,i4 p4 #hf 7cf4 p4 #hh71 ,lib4 ii4 cap4 xx4 #bb ,sahagun1 ,tom4 ,i4 p4 #ej1 ,lib4 ii4 cap4 i4 #bc ,comp>e ! detail$ description ( ! fe/ivals ( ! anci5t religion ( ,mexico 9 ,bancr(t1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 pp4 #cjb-cda1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 pp4 #big-cjj1 #ccj-cdh1 #ced-cfb1 #che-cif4 #bd ,among/ all ! indig5\s races ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 prolong$ fa/+ is reg>d$ z ! means p> excell5ce ( secur+ sup]natural inspiration4 ,! ,r$-sk9 to become a sorc]] or to secure a revelation f 8 totem1 or ! ,eskimo to become ,angekok1 w endure ! mo/ appall+ fa/s4 #be ,torquemada1 ,lib4 vi4 cap4 xxxviii42 cf4 ,sahagun1 ,tom4 ,i4 p4 #agd1 ,lib4 ii4 cap4 xxiv4 #bf ,sahagun1 ,tom4 ,i4 pp4 #ce--ci1 ,lib4 i4 cap4 xxi4 #bg ,sahagun1 ,tom4 ,i4 pp4 #aa-af1 ,tom4 ,,ii4 pp4 #eg-fd1 ,lib4 i4 cap4 xii41 ,lib4 vi4 cap4 vii4 #bh ,elem5ts 7 n want+ = ! =mation ( a duali/ic sy/em analog\s to ,mazdeism4 ,! ,tzitzimitles ne>ly correspond$ to ! ,iranian ,devas4 ,!y 7 a k9d ( demon s]vants ( ,mictlan1 :o delight$ 9 spr++ ^u m5 to dev\r !m1 & ! protection ( ! cele/ial gods 0 ne$$ to escape f _! attacks4 ,sahagun1 ,tom4 ,,ii4 p4 #fg1 ,lib4 vi4 cap4 viii4 79 ! middle ( a pray] to ,tlaloc74 ,cf4 also ,tom4 ,,ii4 pp4 #ad sqq41 ,lib4 v4 capp4 xi4-xiii4 #bi ,on ! ,mexican prie/hood1 see ,bancr(t1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 pp4 #bjj-bjg1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 pp4 #dcj-dda2 ,clavig]o1 ,lib4 vi4 ,sec4,sec4 #ac--ag2 cf4 ,lib4 iv4 ,sec4 #d2 ,humboldt1 pp4 #ih1 #aid1 #bij2 ,prescott1 ,bk4 i4 *ap4 iii42 ,torquemada1 ,lib4 ix4 capp4 i4-xxxiv4 #cj ,cam>go 79 ,n\v4 ,an4 d4 ,voy4 xcix471 pp4 #acd-e4 #ca ,bancr(t1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 pp4 #bjd-bjf1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 pp4 #dce-dcf2 ,torquemada1 ,lib4 ix4 capp4 xiv4 xv42 ,sahagun1 ,tom4 ,i4 pp4 #bbg-h 7la/ section ( ,app5dix to ,lib4 ii472 ,aco/a1 ,lib4 v4 cap4 xvi42 ,clavig]o1 ,lib4 vi4 capp4 xvi4 xxii4 #cb ,see ! ,cuadro hi/orico-g]oglifico1 c41 contribut$ by ,don ,jose ,f]n&o ,ramirez 7curator ( ! national ,museum at ,mexico7 to ,g>cia y ,cubas1 ,altas geographico1 e/adi/ico e hi/orico de la ,republica ,mexicana1 ,entrega #bi;a 7#aheh74 #cc ,on all t conc]ns ! ,mexican cosmogonies1 see ,muell]1 pp4 #dgg sq41 #eji--eai2 ,bancr(t1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 pp4 #eg--fe2 ,ixtlilxo*itl1 ,hi/oria ,*i*imeca1 capp4 i4 ii42 ,k+sbor\gh1 ,mexican ,antiquities1 ,vol4 ,v4 pp4 #afd-afg2 ,humboldt1 pp4 #bjb--baa4 #cd ,see ,sahagun1 ,tom4 ,,ii4 pp4 #bha--bhc1 ,lib4 viii4 cap4 vi4 #ce ,! sac]dotal ye> 0 lun>4 ,! civil ye>1 :i* 0 d\btless ( lat] orig91 & _h be5 adopt$ z bett] suit$ to ! purposes ( agriculture1 0 sol>4 ,e ?irte5? ye> ! two co9cid$4 ,! numb] f\r1 :i* plays an important "p 9 ,mexican symbolism 7cf4 ! ,mexican cross7 gave a k9d ( cosmic significance to #ac x #d #eb4 #cf ,see ,bancr(t1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 pp4 #cic-cif4 #cg ,comp>e ! ,app5dix to ,j\rdanet's translation ( ,b]nal ,diaz1 pp4 #iab sqq4 #ch ,on ! conv]sion ( ! ,mexicans1 c41 comp>e ! anonym\s treatise at ! end ( ,k+sbor\gh's ,mexican ,antiquities1 ,vol4 ,,ix4 ,cf4 also ,torquemada1 ,lib4 xvii4 cap4 xx41 ,lib4 xix4 cap4 xxix4 #ci ,see ,p4 ,pauke1 ,reise 9 d4 ,mission5 von ,p>aguay3 ,vi5na1 #ahbi1 p4 #aaa4 #dj ,9 addition to ! works ( ,aco/a1 ,gom>a1 ,h]r]a1 ,humboldt1 ,waitz & ,muell]1 already cit$ 9 connection ) ,mexico1 & ,prescott's ,conque/ ( ,p]u1 we may m5tion ! foll[+ au?orities = ! political & religi\s hi/ory ( ,p]u3 ,x]es 7,piz>ro's secret>y73 ,v]dad]a relacion de la conqui/a del ,p]u y prov9cia del ,cuzco llamada la nueva ,ca/illa 444 por ,francisco de ,x]es1 c43 ,seville1 #aecd4 ,engli% translation by ,m>kham 9 ,reports on ! ,discov]y ( ,p]u3 pr9t$ = ! ,hakluyt ,society1 ,london1 #ahgb4--,z>ate 7(ficial ,spani% auditor 9 ,p]u73 ,hi/oria del descubrimi5to y conqui/a del ,p]u4444 ,la qual escriua ,augu/9 de ,c>ate1 c43 ,antw]p1 #aeee4 ,engli% translation3 ,! /range & delectable ,hi/ory1 c43 translat$ out ( ! ,spani% ,tongue by ,t4 ,ni*olas3 ,london1 #aeha4--;,cieza de ,leon 7s]v$ 9 ,p]u = sev5te5 ye>s73 ,p>te ,prim]a ,dela *ronica del ,p]u1 c43 ,seville1 #aeec4 ,! second & ?ird ,p>ts h nev] be5 pr9t$4 ,engli% translation by ,m>kham3 ,hakluyt ,society1 #ahfd4 ,n4 ,b4 ,x]es 7or ,j]es71 ,cieza de ,leon & ,z>ate1 are all conta9$ 9 ,tom4 ,,xxvi4 ( ,aribau's ,biblioteca de autores ,espanoles4--,diego ,f]n&ez ( ,pal5cia 7hi/oriograph] ( ,p]u "u ! vice-royalty ( ,m5doza73 ,prim]a1 y ,segunda ,p>te1 de la ,hi/oria del ,p]u1 c43 ,seville1 #aega4--,miguel ,cavello ,balboa3 ,hi/oire du ,p]\1 9 ,t]naux-,compans1 ,vol4 ,,xv4--,arriaga3 ,extirpacion de la ,idolatria del ,piru 444 ,por el ,padre ,pablo ,joseph de ,arriaga de la ,compania de ,jesus3 ,lima1 #afba4 ,extracts are giv5 9 ,t]naux-,compans1 ,vol4 ,,xvii4--,f]n&o ,montes9os3 ,memoires hi/oriques sur l',anci5 ,p]\3 translat$ f ! ,spani% ,,ms4 9 ,t]naux-,compans1 ,vol4 ,,xvii4 ,montes9os rectifies ,g>cilasso de la ,vega on m po9ts ?an "o4--,johannes de ,laet3 ,novus ,orbis1 c43 ,leid51 #afcc4--,velasco3 ,hi/oria del ,re9o de ,quito1 c43 ,quito1 #ahdd4 ,?is "w is 9 ?ree ,p>ts1 ! second ( :i*1 ! ,hi/oria ,antigua1 is ! "o ref]r$ to 9 future notes4 ,?is second ,"p is translat$ 9 ,t]naux-,compans1 ,vols4 ,,xviii4 ,,xix4 ,! ,abbe ,raynal's ,hi/oire philosophique et politique des etablissem5ts 444 des ,europe5s dans les deux ,indes 7#aj vols43 ,g5eva1 #aggj7 made a great /ir 9 its "t1 ! ,engli% translation by ,ju/amond rea*+ a ?ird edition 9 #aggg2 b x is n[ completely =gott51 & has no real value = our purposes4 ,i _c refra9 f a pass+ notice ( a romance :i* is n[ almo/ z completely =gott5 z ! ,abbe ,raynal's ,hi/ory1 9 spite ( its long popul>ity3 ,i mean ,m>montel's ,les ,incas et la ,de/ruction de l'empire du ,p]\3 ,p>is1 #aggg4 ,! au?or d]iv$ 8 mat]ials f ,g>cilasso de la ,vega4 ,9 spite ( ! florid /yle & innum]able (f5ces aga9/ hi/orical & psy*ological fact :i* *>act]ize ?is "w1 x _c be d5i$ t ,m>montel has dis5gag$ ) great skill ! pr(\nd causes ( ! irrem$iable ru9 ( ! ,p]uvian /ate4 ,lacroix3 ,p]\1 9 ,vol4 ,,iv4 ( ,l',am]ique 9 ,l',univ]s ,pittoresque4--,paul ,*aix3 ,hi/oire de l',am]ique m]idionale au ,,xvie siecle1 ,"p ,i43 ,g5eva1 #ahec4--,wuttke3 ,ges*i*te des ,heid5?ums1 ,!il ,i41 #aheb4--;,j4 ,j4 von ,ts*udi3 ,p]u4 ,reiseskizz5 aus d5 ,jahr5 #ahch-ahdb3 ,/4 ,gall51 #ahdf4--,?os4 ,j4 ,hut*9son3 ,two ,ye>s 9 ,p]u1 ) explorations ( its ,antiquities3 ,london1 #ahgc4 ,hut*9son _h good reason to po9t out ! exagg]ations 9 :i* ,g>cilasso indulges ) ref]5ce to 8 ance/ors ! ,incas1 b he himself speaks too slight+ly ( _! gov]nm5t4 ,_h x n be5 9 ! ma9 b5efic5t & popul>1 x c\ld n h left su* affectionate & endur+ memories 9 ! m9ds ( ! native population4 ,= ! me?od ( citation1 see end ( note on p4 #ah4 #da ,?is "w is 9 two ,p>ts1 ! fir/ ( :i* 7,lisbon1 #afji7 gives an acc\nt ( ! native traditions1 cu/oms & hi/ory prior to ! ,spani% conque/1 :ile ! second 7publi%$ "u ! sep>ate title ( ,hi/oria ,g5]al del ,p]u3 ,cordova1 #afag7 deals ) ! ,spani% conque/1 c4 ,engli% translation by ,sir ,paul ,rycaut3 ,london1 #afhh1 n at all to be tru/$2 bo? imp]fect 7omitt+ & cond5s+ 9 an arbitr>y fa%ion7 & incorrect4 ,z x may be 9 ! possession ( "s ( my read]s1 h[ev]1 ref]5ce w be made to x 9 future notes4 ,! e>li] & m important "p ( ,g>cilasso's "w has rec5tly be5 translat$ = ! ,hakluyt ,society by ,clem5ts ,r4 ,m>kham1 #b vols43 ,london1 #ahfi1 #ahga4 ,ref]5ces are to ! ,comm5t>ios reales 7,"p ,i471 unless o!rwise /at$4 #db ,h]r]a1 ,decada v4 ,libro iv4 cap4 ii4 7,vol4 ,,iv4 p4 #cce1 9 ,/ev5s's epitomiz$ translation74 #dc ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 iv4 cap4 viii41 ,lib4 v4 capp4 vi4 vii4 viii4 xiii42 ,aco/a1 ,lib4 vi4 capp4 xiii4 xvi42 ,montes9os1 p4 #eg4 #dd ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 vi4 cap4 xxxv4 #de ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 v4 cap4 xii42 ,h]r]a1 ,dec4 v4 ,lib4 iv4 cap4 iv4 7,vol4 ,,iv4 p4 #cdd1 9 ,/ev5s's translation74 ,see also ,haz>t1 ,hi/orie van ,p]u1 ,"p ,,ii4 *ap4 iv42 9 8 ,k]ckelijcke ,hi/orie van de ,gheheele ,w]eldt1 ,vol4 ,i4 p4 #cae3 ,antw]p1 #afhb4 #df ,see ,gom>a 79 ,vol4 ,,xxii4 ( ! ,biblio!ca de ,autores ,espanoles71 p4 #bbh;a2 ,g>cillasso1 ,hi/oria ,g5]al1 c41 ,lib4 i4 cap4 xviii42 cf4 ,prescott1 ,bk4 iii4 *aps4 v4 vi41 & ,app5dices viii4 ix4 #dg ,gom>a1 p4 #bcb a4 #dh ,cf4 ,waitz1 ,!il ,,iv4 ,s4 #daa1 #dah4 #di ,cf4 ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 v4 cap4 xiii42 ,prescott1 ,bk4 i4 *ap4 ii4 #ej ,muell]1 p4 #djf4 #ea ,see ,h]r]a1 ,dec4 v4 ,lib4 iv4 cap4 iii4 7,vol4 ,,iv4 pp4 #ccg sqq4 9 ,/ev5s's translation72 ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 ii4 capp4 xii4 xiii4 xiv4 7p4 #ce ( ,rycaut's translation1 9 :i* ! passage is mu* %ort5$71 ,lib4 v4 cap4 xi42 ,velasco1 ,lib4 ii4 ,sec4 #f4 #eb ,aco/a1 ,lib4 vi4 cap4 xviii42 ,h]r]a1 ,dec4 v4 ,lib4 iv4 cap4 i4 & end ( cap4 iii4 7,vol4 ,,iv4 pp4 #cbi sq41 #cdb1 9 ,/ev5s's translation74 #ec ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 iv4 cap4 vii42 ,h]r]a1 ,dec4 v4 ,lib4 iv4 capp4 ii4 iii4 7,vol4 ,,iv4 pp4 #ccd1 #cda1 9 ,/ev5s's translation72 cf4 ,montes9os1 p4 #ef4 #ed ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 iv4 cap4 xix42 cf4 ,lib4 viii4 cap4 viii4 7ad f9474 #ee ,cf4 ,ts*udi1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #chg2 ,hut*9son1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 pp4 #age-f4 #ef ,montes9os1 p4 #aai1 cf4 pp4 #cc1 #ajh4 #eg ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 v4 cap4 iii4 #eh ,humboldt1 pp4 #ajh1 #bid4 #ei ,gom>a1 p4 #bgg b4 #fj ,prescott1 ,bk4 iii4 *ap4 viii4 #fa ,cf4 ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 vi4 cap4 iv4 #fb ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 i4 capp4 ix4-xvii42 cf4 ,lib4 ii4 cap4 ix41 ,lib4 iii4 cap4 xxv4 #fc ,su* at lea/ is ! etymology propos$ by ,g>cilasso 7,lib4 i4 cap4 xviii474 ,mod]n ,p]uvian s*ol>s r incl9e to ref] ,cuzco to ! same root z cuzcani 7to cle> ! gr\nd74 #fd ,see ! critical summ>y ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,incas 9 ,waitz1 ,!il4 ,,iv4 ,s4 #cif sq4 ,! foll[+ table ( ! successive ,incas foll[s ,g>cilasso3 ,manco ,capac1 di$ ab\t #ajjj ,s9*i ,roca1 #ajia ,lloque ,yupanqui1 #aabf ,mayta ,capac1 #aaef ,capac ,yupanqui1 #aaig ,inca ,roca1 #abdi ,yahu> ,huacac1 #abhi ,viraco*a ,inca ,ripac1 #acdj ,inca ,urco1 :o only reign$ #aa days1 is omitt$ by ,g>cilasso ,tito ,manco ,capac ,pa*acutec1 #adjj ,yupanqui1 #adch ,tupac ,yupanqui1 #adge ,huayna ,capac1 #aebe ,huasc>1 #aecb ,atahualpa1 #aecc #fe ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 viii4 cap4 viii4 ,g>cilasso says t he translates ?is passage1 ^w = ^w1 f ! ,lat9 ,,ms4 ( ! ,jesuit ,fa!r1 ,blas ,val]a4 #ff ,h]r]a1 ,dec4 v4 ,lib4 iv4 cap4 iv4 7,vol4 ,,iv4 p4 #cdf1 9 ,/ev5s's translation74 #fg ,lib4 ix4 cap4 x4 #fh ,h]r]a1 ,dec4 v4 ,lib4 i4 capp4 ii4 iii41 ,lib4 iii4 cap4 xvii4 7,vol4 ,,iv4 pp4 #bdj sqq41 #cbe sqq41 9 ,/ev5s's translation74 #fi ,h]r]a1 ,dec4 v4 ,lib4 iii4 cap4 ii4 7,vol4 ,,iv4 p4 #bff1 9 ,/ev5s's translation72 ,gom>a1 p4 #bca a4 #gj ,9 ! c\rse ( a few mon?s1 ,piz>ro amass$ su* imm5se weal? t1 aft] d$uct+ ! fif? = ! k+ & a l>ge sum = ! re9=cem5ts br\ght him by ,almagro1 he 0 /ill able to give ,l#djjj to ea* ( 8 foot-soldi]s1 & d\ble t sum to ea* horseman4 ,! calculation is made by ,rob]tson1 :o e/imates ! peso at a p\nd /]l+4 ,to obta9 ! equival5t pur*as+ p[] 9 our own times1 ^! sums w\ld h to be m ?an quadrupl$6 #ga ,h]r]a1 ,dec4 v4 ,lib4 viii4 capp4 i4 sqq4 7,vol4 ,v4 pp4 #bc sqq4 9 ,/ev5s's translation74 #gb ,see ,alc$o1 ,diccion>io ,geografico-,hi/orico de las ,indias ,occid5tales1 c43 ,madrid1 #aghf-i3 article ,*un*os4 #gc ,see ,waitz1 ,vol4 ,,iv4 pp4 #dgg-dig2 ,ts*udi1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 pp4 #cdf-cea2 cf4 ,ca/elnau1 ,exp$ition dans les ,p>ties c5trales de l',am]ique du ,sud1 c43 ,p>is1 #ahej1 c41 ,"p ,i4 ,vol4 ,,iii4 p4 #bhb4 #gd ,ts*udi1 ibid4 #ge ,cf4 ,spani% ,,ms4 cit$ by ,prescott1 ,bk4 i4 *ap4 iii42 ,velasco1 ,lib4 ii4 ,sec4 #d1 sec4 #ae4 #gf ,prescott1 ,bk4 i4 *ap4 iii4 #gg ,cf4 ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 v4 cap4 xxi41 :]e ! curr5t etymology ( ! ^w is reject$4 #gh ,see ,muell]1 pp4 #cac sqq41 :]e all ! views conc]n+ him are collect$ & discuss$4 #gi ,?is hymn 0 f\nd by ,g>cilasso 7see ,lib4 ii4 cap4 xvii41 pp4 #ej1 #ea1 9 ,rycaut's translation7 among ! pap]s ( ,fa!r ,blas ,val]a1 & has be5 fre$ by ,ts*udi f ! mispr9ts1 c41 t disfigur$ x 9 ! pr9t$ editions ( ,g>cilasso & all subsequ5t reproductions4 ,see ,ts*udi1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #cha4 #hj ,johannes de ,laet1 ,lib4 x4 cap4 i4 7p4 #cih1 ll4 #ea1 #eb74 #ha ,prescott1 ,bk4 i4 *ap4 i42 ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 vi4 cap4 xxx4 #hb ,gom>a1 p4 #bcc;a2 ,velasco1 ,lib4 ii4 ,sec4 #b1 sec4 #d4 #hc ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 ii4 capp4 ii4 iii4 #hd ,see ,montes9os1 pp4 #c sqq41 ^: v]sion ( ! leg5d has be5 ma9ly foll[$ 9 ! text4 ,cf4 h[ev]1 = "s ( ! details1 ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 i4 cap4 xviii4 7omitt$ by ,rycaut72 ,aco/a1 ,lib4 i4 cap4 xxv42 ,balboa1 pp4 #d sqq41 c4 #he ,velasco1 ,lib4 ii4 ,sec4 #d1 sec4 #ag2 ,ph4 ,h4 ,kuelb 9 ,wid5mann & ,hauff's ,reis5 u4 ,la5d]be%reibung51 ,lief1 xxvii43 ,/uttg>t1 #ahdc1 pp4 #ahf-g4 #hf ,aco/a1 ,lib4 v4 cap4 iv42 ,velasco1 ,lib4 ii4 ,sec4 #d1 sec4 #af2 ,prescott1 ,bk4 i4 *ap4 iii42 ,kuelb1 ibid4 #hg ,prescott1 ibid4 ,9 cl\dy wea!r !y _h rec\rse to ! me?od ( friction4 #hh ,prescott1 ibid4 #hi ,arriaga1 pp4 #ag1 #cb2 ,kuelb1 ibid4 #ij ,cf4 ,arriaga1 pp4 #aj-ag1 c4 7cf4 ,t]naux-,compans1 ,vol4 ,,xvii4 pp4 #ac1 #ad74 #ia ,aco/a1 ,lib4 v4 cap4 v42 ,velasco1 ,lib4 ii4 ,sec4 #c1 sec4 #b2 ,arriaga1 ibid4 #ib ,ts*udi1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 pp4 #cif-g4 #ic ,arriaga1 p4 #ah 7cf4 ,t]naux-,compans1 ,vol4 ,,xvii4 p4 #ae74 #id ,cf4 ,arriaga1 pp4 #aj-ag 7cf4 ,t]naux-,compans1 ,vol4 ,,xvii4 pp4 #ac1 #ad72 ,aco/a1 ,lib4 v2 cap4 v42 ,montes9os1 pp4 #afa-b2 ,velasco1 ,lib4 ii4 ,sec4 #c1 sec4 #a4 #ie ,on ! prie/hood1 cf4 ,arriaga1 pp4 #ag sqq4 7cf4 ,t]naux-,compans1 ,vol4 ,,xvii4 p4 #ae72 ,prescott1 ,bk4 i4 *ap4 iii42 ,balboa1 p4 #bi2 ,velasco1 ,lib4 ii4 ,sec4 #c1 sec4 #h2 ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 v4 capp4 viii4 7ad f947 xii4 xiii42 ,muell]1 p4 #chg2 ,kuelb1 l4c4 p4 #ahg4 #if ,cf4 ,aco/a1 ,lib4 v4 cap4 xv42 ,montes9os1 p4 #ef2 ,velasco1 ,lib4 ii4 ,sec4 #c1 sec4 #ab1 ,sec4 #i1 sec4 #aj2 ,prescott1 ,bk4 i4 *ap4 iii4 & else:]e4 #ig ,cf4 ,prescott1 ,bk4 i4 *ap4 iii42 ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 iii4 capp4 xx4-xxiv42 ,paul ,*aix1 ,vol4 ,i4 pp4 #bdi sqq4 ,on ! temples ( ,pa*acamac1 :i* mu/ h atta9$ gigantic proportions be=e ! "t ( ! ,incas1 see ,hut*9son1 ,vol4 ,i4 pp4 #adg-agf4 #ih ,ri*>d ,inw>ds1 ,! ,temple ( ! ,&es3 ,london1 #ahhd4 #ii ,aco/a1 ,lib1 v4 cap4 xviii42 ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 ii4 cap4 viii4 7p4 #ca 9 ,rycaut71 ,lib4 vi4 cap4 xxi42 ,arriaga1 p4 #gg4 #ajj ,aco/a1 ibid42 ,arriaga1 pp4 #bd-bg 7cf4 ,t]naux-,compans1 ,vol4 ,,xvii4 pp4 #ae1 #af72 ,prescott1 ,bk4 i4 *ap4 iii4 #aja ,velasco1 ,lib4 ii4 ,sec4 #d1 sec4 #bj4 #ajb ,aco/a1 ibid42 ,arriaga1 ibid4 #ajc ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 i4 cap4 xi41 ,lib4 ii4 cap4 xviii41 ,lib4 iv4 cap4 xv41 & else:]e 7pp4 #f1 c41 9 ,rycaut1 :o omits "s ( ! passages74 #ajd ,montes9os1 p4 #aba2 ,aco/a1 ,lib4 v4 capp4 v4 xix41 ,lib4 vi4 cap4 xxii42 ,prescott1 ,bk4 i4 *aps1 i4 ii42 ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 vi4 cap4 v42 ,aco/a1 ,lib4 v4 cap4 vii42 ,velasco1 ,lib4 iii4 ,sec4 #a1 sec4 #a4 #aje ,gom>a1 p4 #bcd a4 ,cf4 ,montes9os1 p4 #fh1 & ,poeppig 9 ,ers* u4 ,grub]'s ,encyklopa$ie1 art4 ,incas1 p4 #bhg b1 note #ce4 #ajf ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 ii4 capp4 xxii1 xxiii4 7pp4 #dc1 #dd1 9 ,rycaut72 ,prescott1 ,bk4 i4 *ap4 iv42 ,aco/a1 ,lib4 vi4 cap4 iii4 #ajg ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 v4 cap4 ii42 ,ts*udi1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #chb2 ,riv]o y ,ts*udi3 ,antigue$ades ,p]uanas3 ,vi5a1 #ahea4 pp4 #ace-ada4 ,n4 ,b4 ,an ,engli% translation ( ?is "w by ,f4 ,l4 ,hawks appe>$ at ,new ,york 9 #ahec4 #ajh ,velasco1 ,lib4 ii4 ,sec4 #e1 secc4 #d1 #ag 7,t]naux-,compans1 ,vol4 ,,xviii4 pp4 #acg1 #adh-i72 ,kuelb1 l4c4 p4 #aij4 #aji ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 vi4 capp4 xx4-xxii42 ,prescott1 ,bk4 i4 *ap4 iii4 #aaj ,aco/a1 ,lib4 v4 cap4 xxviii4 wrongly numb]$ xxvii4 9 ! orig9al edition2 ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 vii4 capp4 vi4 vii4 #aaa ,aco/a1 ibid4 #aab ,aco/a1 ibid42 ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 vi4 capp4 xxiv4-xxvii4 #aac ,cf4 ,aco/a1 ibid42 ,velasco1 ,lib4 ii4 ,sec4 #e4 #aad ,gom>a1 p4 #bcc b2 ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 ii4 cap4 xxiii42 cf4 ,montes9os1 pp4 #fg1 #fh4 #aae ,balboa1 pp4 #bi1 #cj4 #aaf ,cf4 ,arriaga1 pp4 #ag-bc1 & passim 7,t]naux-,compans1 ,vol4 ,,xvii4 p4 #ae74 #aag ,see ,prescott1 ibid4 #aah ,cf4 ,velasco1 ,lib4 ii4 ,sec4 #c1 secc4 #d1 #e4 #aai ,balboa1 p4 #c2 ,velasco1 ,lib4 ii4 ,sec4 #c1 sec4 #f2 ,arriaga1 pp4 #bh1 #bi 7,t]naux-,compans1 ,vol4 ,,xvii4 pp4 #af1 #ag74 #abj ,cf4 ,ts*udi1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 pp4 #cee-f1 #cig-h4 #aba ,aco/a1 ,lib4 v4 capp4 vi4 vii42 ,velasco1 ,lib4 ii4 ,sec4 #c1 sec4 #c2 ,arriaga1 p4 #ae 7cf4 ,t]naux-,compans1 ,vol4 ,,xvii4 p4 #ad72 ,g>cilasso1 ,lib4 ii4 capp4 ii4 7,supay71 vii4 7omitt$ by ,rycaut72 ,prescott1 ,bk4 i4 *ap4 iii4 #abb ,comp>e ,w4 ,b4 ,/ev5son1 ,a ,hi/orical & ,descriptive ,n>rative ( ,tw5ty ,ye>s' ,resid5ce 9 ,s\? ,am]ica3 ,london1 #ahbe1 ,vol4 ,i4 pp4 #cid sqq4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,c4 ,,gre5 ,,son1 #agh1 ,,/r&4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,*anges li/$ 9 ! ,add5da et ,corrig5da on page ix h be5 made4 ,spell+ & spell+ v>iations h be5 reta9$ z 9 ! orig9al publication4