file :i* includes ! orig9al             
illu/rations4       ,see #cdggb-;h4htm  
or #cdggb-;h4zip3                       
7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/
#cdggb_/pg#cdggb-;images4html7       or 
7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#cdgg
b_/cdggb-;h4zip7      ,,/a9$ ,,glass    
,,t\rs ,,9 ,,france  by  ,,*>les        
,,hit*cock ,,%]rill        ,new ,york3  
,john ,lane ,company1 ,,mcmviii ,london3
 ,john ,lane1 ,! ,bodley ,head          
,copyright1 #aijh1 by ,john ,lane       
,company     ,illu/ration3 ,,int]ior ,,(
 ,,sa9te ,,*apelle1 ,,p>is4   ,built by 
,/4 ,l\is 7,l\is ,,ix7 #abdh4 ,w9d[     
surfaces pleasantly   brok5 up into     
m$allion designs4 ,walls con/ruct$ almo/
   entirely ( %eets ( ri*ly ton$ glass  
7see ,page #bf74      ,,to ,,t          
,,remorseless ,,critic  ,,my ,,wife     
,,?is ,,book ,,is  ,,gratefully         
,,d$icat$     ,,cont5ts                 
,,page  ,,introduction                  
#ac  ,,?irte5? ,,c5tury ,,& ,,e>li]     
#be  ,,?irte5? ,,c5tury ,,t\rs          

#cg  ,,f\rte5? ,,& ,,fifte5? ,,c5turies 
#aag  ,,f\rte5? ,,& ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury  
,,t\rs                #acd  ,,sixte5?   
,,c5tury                                
#aig  ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury ,,t\rs         
#bab  ,,it9]>ies                        
#bie  ,,index                           
#big     ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations       
,,sa9te ,,*apelle1 ,,p>is               
,frontispiece                           
,,page  ,,m$allion ,,panel1 ,,l\vre     
#bh  ,,map1 ,,?irte5? ,,c5tury ,,t\rs   
#dj  ,,m$allion ,,lancet1 ,,t\rs        
#ed  ,,*>tres ,,transepts               
#gb  ,,?irte5? ,,c5tury ,,rose1 ,,laon  
#ajd  ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury ,,canopy1 ,,/4 
,,lo                    #abj  ,,map1    
,,f\rte5? ,,& ,,fifte5? ,,c5turies      
,,t\rs         #acf  ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury 
,,canopy1 ,,riom                        
#aeh  ,,r5aissance ,,picture1 ,,mont=t  
,l',,amaury              #bjj  ,,map1   
,,sixte5? ,,c5tury ,,t\rs               
#bad  ,,r5aissance ,,rose1 ,,s5s        
#bbj  ,,creation ,,w9d[1 ,,troyes       

#bbh  ,,con/able ,,( ,,montmor5cy ,,&   
,,8 ,,sons                 #bgj  ,,tree 
,,( ,,jesse1 ,,beauvais                 
#bhb  ,,d$ication ,,( ,,! ,,/e4         
,,*apelle                       #bib    
,,=eword   ,! purpose ( ?is book is a v 
simple "o4 ,x is to provide an answ] to 
! "q1 ,:]e does "o f9d good /a9$ glass 9
 ,france1 & h[ c x mo/ conv5i5tly be    
se58 ,all ! books ^u ?is subject are m  
or less te*nical & are int5d$ r = !     
/ud5t ?an ! sightse]4 ,dur+ ! six ye>s t
 ! writ] has be5 /udy+ glass1 he has s  
(t5 be5 ask$ ! above "q1 z to f9ally    
conclude t an answ] 9 ! =m ( a simple   
t\r+ h&book might be ( s]vice4 ,to t end
 he has put toge!r notes tak5 on sundry 
vacation trips4 ,! read] %\ld be        
indulg5t1 = ! writ] is n an au?ority on 
glass--j a lawy] on a holiday4 ,9       
addition to ! purpose already describ$1 
x is hop$ t ?is little book may also    
s]ve to lure =? into ! *>m+ ,fr5* c\ntry
 "s :o h hi!rto nei!r he>d nor c>$ mu*  
ab\t glass1 s t !y may see ! wond]ful   

beauty t ! /a9$-glass w9d[ c alone      
reveal4                                 
,,*>les ,,hit*cock ,,%]rill4  #bj1 ,ea/ 
#fe? ,/reet1 ,new ,york1                
,*ri/mas1 #aijg4     ,,introduction   ,!
 reason = ! exi/5ce ( a w9d[ is obvi\s4 
,:5 ! dwell+ ceas$ to be a cave & became
 a h\se1 ! ne$ = a light ap]ture at once
 arose4 ,nei!r ! h\se nor ! w9d[ conc]n 
u until long aft] ! h\se _h be5 made    
?or\ghly habitable1 & its w9d[s aft] mu*
 evolution are f9ally fill$ ) a %eet (  
transluc5t sub/ance1 :i*1 :ile exclud+ !
 wea!r1 w\ld admit ! light4 ,our int]e/ 
does n beg9 until ! wi% to decorate !   
h\se naturally br\ght ab\t a desire to  
decorate ! w9d[4 ,we w pass ov] ! /ory (
 ! discov]y ( glass & its gradual       
improvem5t2 nor w we pause to consid] ! 
v e>lie/ examples n[ extant1 nor exam9e 
! /eps ?r\gh :i* x mu/ h pass$ to rea* s
 advanc$ a /age z we f9d 9 ! twelf?     
c5tury4 ,?is is a book to tell :]e to   
see w9d[s1 & !re=e x mu/ n take up /a9$ 
glass until a p]iod is rea*$ :5 examples

 are suffici5tly num]\s & beautiful to  
repay a visit to !m4 ,at :at date !n1   
%all we make our beg9n+8 ,!re is        
practically no?+ until we come to ! *>m+
 rema9s ( ! twelf? c5tury2 b because ^! 
latt] are v few & ^? few 9 *ur*es :i*   
also conta9 glass ( ! next c5tury1 we   
%all comm5ce ) ! head+ ( ,?irte5?       
,c5tury & ,e>li]4 ,t expla9s :y we h    
select$ ?is p>ticul> epo* z ! />t+ po9t 
( our inve/igations4 ,our w9d[s w       
!mselves disclose to u t ! ,gold5 ,age (
 ,fr5* /a9$ glass falls ( itself into   
?ree subdivisions--! fir/ compris+ !    
twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies1 ! second !   
f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 & ! ?ird !  
sixte5? c5tury4 ,( ! second subdivision 
we %all f9d b few examples1 ( ! fir/ m1 
& ( ! ?ird mo/4  ,no matt] h[ f> back we
 pu% our rese>*es1 we are sure to be    
surpris$ at ! advanc$ /ate ( ! art      
repres5t$ by any w9d[ :i* attempts a    
picture4 ,9 fact1 we %all happ5 ^u no   
satisfactory traces ( ! evolution :i*   
mu/ h l$ up to ev5 ! crude/ & olde/     

/ory-w9d[4 ,we are =c$1 !re=e1 to       
conclude t ?is evolution mu/ h occurr$ 9
 ano!r art1 & ! result !re evolv$       
transf]r$ into ?is "o4 ,?is conclusion  
is mu* /r5g!n$ :5 we read t ,/4 ,sophia1
 built by ,ju/9ian dur+ ! six? c5tury 9 
,con/ant9ople1 conta9$ n only glass     
mosaics on ! walls1 b also 9 its w9d[s4 
,"h we h ! key to ! puzzle4 ,! _m arti/s
 :o 7 !n occupi$ 9 design+ mosaics1     
work$ out _! pictures 9 little pieces ( 
glass on ! wall until !y _h develop$    
along t l9e z f> z possible4 ,!n !y     
d\btless be?\ght !mselves t ^! glass    
mosaics w\ld be ev5 m effective if !y   
c\ld devise a means ( illum9at+ _!      
picture by lett+ ! light %9e ?r\gh !    
col\r4 ,to accompli% ?is !y contriv$ to 
hold ! morsels ( glass securely 9 place1
 fir/ by wood5 or /ucco frames1 & lat]  
by long ribbons ( lead hav+ *annels on  
ea* side to reta9 ! edges ( ! glass4    
,?is =m ( mosaic s held up to ! light   
became a /a9$-glass w9d[4 ,?us we easily
 und]/& t :5 ! idea arriv$ ( tak+ !     

mosaic picture (f ! wall & putt+ x into 
! embrasure ( ! w9d[1 ! art ( mak+ t    
picture out ( bits ( glass _h already   
be5 fully develop$4  ,we %all avoid !   
te*nicalities ( glass mak+1 z !y d n    
suit our holiday mood4 ,nor is !re good 
reason :y we %\ld discuss any use (     
glass save t :i* is requir$ 9 !         
con/ruction ( our w9d[s4 ,let u1 h[ev]1 
9 pass+1 ref] to ! v curi\s fact t a    
sev]e bl[ 0 dealt to all o!r sorts (    
glassw>e :5 ! arti/s turn$ _! att5tion  
to ! mak+ ( w9d[s4 ,glassw>e _h         
con/antly improv$ 9 design & col\r up to
 ! "t 7e>ly 9 ! twelf? c5tury7 :5 !     
great int]e/ 9 w9d[s sprang up4 ,?is new
 ta/e seem$ to at once ?r[ all o!r      
developm5ts ( ?is mat]ial into a        
comatose condition :i* la/$ on ?r\gh !  
five c5turies compos+ ! ,gold5 ,age ( ! 
w9d[4 ,?is obs]vation receives a peculi>
 confirmation :5 we notice t1 at ! end (
 ! sixte5? c5tury1 /a9$ glass sudd5ly   
lo/ its vogue at ! same "t t glassw>e   
sprang into r5ew$ fav\r ?r\gh ! arti/ic 

skill & inv5tive g5ius ( ! ,v5etians4   
,inde$1 ! decad5ce ( /a9$ glass seem$ to
 be ! signal = ! revival ( holl[        
glassw>e4 ,to rev]t = a mom5t to ! "t :5
 w9d[ mak+ caus$ a halt 9 ! improvem5t (
 holl[w>e1 x is int]e/+ to note t glass 
mak+ !n left its =m] haunts & betook    
itself to ! =e/s1 :]e x lurk$ until !   
/a9$-glass w9d[ hav+ %ot its bolt1      
holl[w>e aga9 engag$ ! att5tion ( !     
arti/s & 0 once m manufactur$ ne>] to ! 
homes ( its pur*as]s4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ( 
p>tial seclusion ! glass produc$ 0 ( a  
peculi> quality call$ 9 ,engli% =e/     
glass & 9 ,fr5* v]re de f\g]e 7ref]r+ to
 ! wild f]n or brack5 :i* 0 burnt to    
provide ! necess>y alkali74 ,! two names
 comb9e to expla9 to u t wood & n coal 0
 us$ by ! glass-bl[] & also t 8 alkali  
_h to be gott5 9 an unusual way4 ,!     
t\ghness ( ?is =e/ glass 0 admirably    
suit$ to ! requirem5ts ( ! w9d[-mak]4   
,z ?is book w be conf9$ to an exam9ation
 ( ,fr5* /a9$ glass1 x is appropriate to
 cite ,!ophilus1 :o :5 9 ! twelf? c5tury

 he wrote 8 celebrat$ ,lat9 treatise on 
?is g5]al subject1 /at$ t ! art 0 a     
,fr5* "o4 ,?is makes x all ! m important
 t we trace its beg9n+s 9 ,france1 z    
well z inquire :5ce came ! influ5ce :i* 
s /rongly m>k$ !m4 ,?is inquiry w reveal
 t x 0 to ,byzantium t ! e>ly glazi]s 7 
indebt$ = _! qua9t /yle ( draw+4 ,9 e>ly
 glass we w obs]ve ! con/ra9$1 unga9ly  
poses ( ! bodies1 arms & legs1 z well z 
! />+-ey$1 ill-proportion$ heads1 n only
 9 ! m$allion type ( w9d[s1 b also 9 !  
l>g] figures gl>+ d[n f ! cl]e/ories4 ,v
 int]e/+ conclusions may be rea*$ if we 
place side by side ?ree figures1 "o tak5
 f ?irte5? c5tury glass1 ano!r f a      
,limoges enamel made any "t f ! t5? to !
 ?irte5? c5tury1 & ! ?ird f ! fam\s     
mosaics ( ,/4 ,m>k's 9 ,v5ice4 ,we h    
select$ an enamel f ,limoges because t 0
 ! only locality 9 :i* a cont9u$ z well 
z a r5[n$ cult ( enamell+ exi/$ 9       
,france dur+ ! c5turies nam$1 :ile !    
reason = *oos+ ,/4 ,m>k's is t x is "o (
 ! f9e/ extant examples ( ,byzant9e art4

 ,notice ! same con/ra9t 9 ! draw+ ( all
 ^! ?ree figures1 ! same awkw>d pull+ ( 
g>m5t folds to del9eate ! =m1 & ! same  
qua9t morsel ( conv5tional ar*itecture  
ab\t ! top 7:i* la/1 by ! way1 indicat$ 
t ! p]sonage bel[ 0 a high dignit>y (   
ei!r *ur* or /ate74 ,! resemblance is   
too /rik+ to be m]ely a co9cid5ce1      
especially z ea* ( ^! figures us$ 9 !   
comp>ison is typical ( hundr$s ( o!rs4  
,?is v resemblance h9ts at its own      
explanation4 ,! dates ( ! figures %[ !  
ord] 9 :i* ^! peculi>ities ( /yle mu/ h 
be5 transmitt$4 ,! ,byzant9e mosaics (  
,/4 ,m>k's are mu* ! olde/2 !n came !   
,limoges enamels1 & la/ly ! /a9$ glass  
w9d[s4 ,?us we le>n n only :]e our w9d[s
 orig9at$ 9 ,france1 b also :5ce came ! 
designs t ! ,limoges enamell]s taught ! 
glazi]4 ,abbe ,texi]1 9 8 ,essai        
,hi/orique et ,descriptif sur les       
,arg5ti]s et les ,emailleurs de ,limoges
 7#ahda71 says t ,fr5* /a9$ glass began 
9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,limoges1 ^: highly  
vaunt$ s*ool ( enamell]s 7 /rongly      

influ5c$ by ! ,byzant9e types ( !       
,v5etian s*ool & t !re=e x 0 b natural t
 ! glass arti/ %\ld also h yield$ to !  
,byzant9e influ5ce4 ,z %[+ h[ ?is       
influ5ce rea*$ ,limoges1 he /ates t 9   
#igi a ,v5etian colony settl$ !re = !   
purpose ( trad+ 9 spices & o!r          
commodities ( ! ,ea/1 convey$ f ,egypt  
by way ( ,m>seilles4 ,w9/on says t !    
,v5etian ,doge ,orseolo ,i came to      
soj\rn 9 ,france 9 #igh & t ! erection (
 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,front1 ,p]igueux 7ne>   
,limoges71 is ascrib$ to him4 ,james    
,f]guson1 9 8 ,illu/rat$ ,h&book (      
,ar*itecture1 tells u t ! ,v5etians 7z !
 great c>ri]s & m]*ants ( ! ,levant7 7 9
 con/ant communication ) ,byzantium4 ,^!
 facts provide a ready explanation ( :y 
^! same pron\nc$ ,byzant9e types c be   
rem>k$ fir/ 9 ! mosaics ( ,/4 ,m>k's1   
next 9 ! enamels ( ,limoges & la/ly on !
 /a9$ glass w9d[s ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,!
 old] ! glass1 ! m closely does ! draw+ 
foll[ ^! models2 ! attitudes are m      
con/ra9$ & awkw>d1 & ! folds ( ! g>m5t  

are m tightly drawn ar\nd ! figures1 nor
 does ! arti/ all[ himself any fre$om f 
! traditions ( t s*ool4 ,lat] on ! draw+
 becomes m graceful & ! l9es are fre]4  
,anyone :o desires to g ?or\ghly into ! 
te*nical side ( ?is art w f9d a mo/     
exhau/ive & s*ol>ly book 9 ,lewis ,f4   
,day's ,w9d[s ( ,/a9$ ,glass 7#ahig74 ,!
 be/ book 9 ,fr5* is ,oliv] ,m]son's    
excell5t ,vitraux 7#ahie74  ,let u n[   
po/pone any fur!r consid]ation ( ! g5]al
 subject until aft] we1 ) our own eyes1 
h se5 en\gh w9d[s to h collect$ mat]ial 
= discussion4 ,?is br+s u to ! selection
 ( t[ns1 & ! consid]ation ( r\tes4  ,we 
h ref]r$ to h[ naturally /a9$ glass     
divides itself into ?ree epo*s1 viz43   
#a4 ,?irte5? c5tury & e>li]4  #b4       
,f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies4  #c4       
,sixte5? c5tury4  ,visits to ! glass (  
^! epo*s w be1 = conv5i5ce1 subdivid$   
into ! foll[+ t\rs3  ,,epo* ,i   7a7    
,b\rges1 ,poiti]s1 ,t\rs1 ,ang]s1 ,le   
,mans1 ,*>tres4  7b7 ,aux]re1 ,s5s1     
,troyes1 ,*alons1 ,rheims4  7c7         

,soissons1 ,laon1 ,/4 ,qu5t91 ,ami5s4   
,,epo* ,,ii   7a7 ,evreux1 ,r\54  7b7   
,b\rges1 ,m\l9s1 ,riom1 ,cl]mont-,f]r&1 
,eym\ti]s1 ,limoges1   ,poiti]s1 ,ang]s1
 ,le ,mans 7,al5con71 ,sees1 ,v]neuil1  
,*>tres4  ,also sep>ate visit to        
,quimp]4  ,,epo* ,,iii   7a7 ,v9c5nes1  
,s5s1 ,troyes1 ,*alons4  7b7 ,mont=t    
l',amaury1 ,con*es1 ,pont-,audem]1      
,caudebec1 ,r\5   7,gr&-,&ely1 ,elbeuf1 
,pont de l',ar*e74  7c7 ,ec\51          
,montmor5cy1 ,*antilly 7,/4 ,qu5t971    
,beauvais4  ,also sep>ate visits to     
,b\rg1 ,au* & ,*ampigny-sur-,veude4  ,at
 ! back ( ! book w be f\nd a table %[+  
di/ances by road1 & also ! usual index4 
,x mu/ be admitt$ t ev5 9 s delightful a
 c\ntry z ,france1 "o's w&]+s ga9 an    
add$ ze/ if guid$ by a m def9ite purpose
 ?an is ! slave ( ! r$-back$ ,ba$ek]1   
int5t ^u exhau/+ ! sights ( e place     
visit$4 ,?is admitt$1 we h !n to consid]
 n only ! /rang] on 8 fir/ visit to     
,france1 b also ! exp]i5c$ travell] :o  
already kn[s ! beauties ( its roads & ! 

lazy *>m ( its hi/oric t[ns4 ,if our    
read] is ( ! latt] sort he w especially 
hail "s new que/ z a reason = revisit+  
old sc5es 9 se>* ( *>ms h]et(ore unse5  
or unappreciat$4 ,x 0 especially him t !
 writ] _h 9 m9d :5 putt+ toge!r ! rambl+
 notes cov]+ six ye>s ( glass /udy4 ,he 
kn[s :at v>i$ =ms ( beauty await ^? :o  
are suffici5tly en]getic to escape f !  
ultra-mod]n *>ms ( ,p>is1 t fasc9ator ( 
=eign]s4 ,he kn[s ! qua9t villages1 !   
p]fect roads1 ! anci5t ca/les1 !        
magnific5t ca!drals t are wait+ to be   
explor$4 ,to him we w tell ! /ory ( a   
wond]ful beauty :]e light lies imprison$
 9 col\r--a beauty :i* c be se5 n[h]e s 
well z 9 ,france4 ,:at if y h already   
visit$ e nook & corn] ( ?is picturesque 
l&8 ,come out aga9 ) u & add ano!r to ! 
_m reasons = y\r love ( ,france4 ,take  
up ! mod]n equival5t ( ! pilgrim's /aff 
& %ell & f>e =?1 be+ well assur$ t y\r  
eyes w be op5$ to ! appreciation (      
some?+ :i*1 to be lov$1 has only to be  
wisely se5--! w9d[ ( /a9$ glass4        

,,?irte5? ,,c5tury ,,& ,,e>li]   ,be=e  
sp5d+ any "t 9 /udy+ ! subject ( /a9$   
glass w9d[s1 let u g & see "s good ones4
 ,"o ( ! safe/ ways to le>n h[ to       
appreciate any art is to look at f9e    
examples ( x4 ,( /a9$ glass ?is is      
p>ticul>ly true1 because no me?od (     
reproduction1 ev5 col\r photography1 c  
give any idea ( ! unique result !re     
obta9$ by comb9+ light ) col\r4 ,no flat
 t9ts c ev] produce ! effect ( w>m? &   
transluc5ce t is yield$ by col\r        
illum9at$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh by ! rays ( !   
sun4 ,we w assume t we are 9 ,p>is4     
,=tunately = our purpose !re are easily 
accessible two spl5did specim5s ( e>ly  
glass1 "o ! glaz+ ( ! ,/e4 ,*apelle & ! 
o!r ! rose w9d[s high up 9 ! we/]n      
facade & 9 ! transept ends ( ! ,ca!dral 
( ,notre ,dame4 ,! =m] is ! mo/ p]fect  
in/ance ( a ?irte5? c5tury *apel pres]v+
 intact its orig9al glaz+1 :ile ! rose 9
 ! nor!rn transept ( ,notre ,dame is    
probably ! f9e/ "o ( its p]iod 9 ! _w4  
,?us we make an excell5t beg9n+ & our   

int]e/ is at once /imulat$ to see m4    
,obs]ve ! diff]5ce 9 ! plac+ ( ^! w9d[s1
 z well z 9 ! po9ts f :i* we view !m1 z 
x w prove peculi>ly useful 9 disclos+ h[
 !y %\ld be set 9 ord] to be/ reveal _! 
beauties4 ,e t\ri/ t visits ,p>is goes1 
z a matt] ( c\rse1 to ! ,/e4 ,*apelle1 t
 net ( ,go?ic 9 :i* lies enme%$ su*     
treasures ( col\r & light4 ,?is sp>kl+  
m>vel lies mode/ly ne/l$ among ! law    
c\rts1 ^: pla9] mod]n build+s s]ve b to 
acc5tuate its wond]ful beauty4 ,we %all 
n be long 9 le>n+ :o 0 its f\nd]1 = !   
gold5 fleur de lis ( ,france & ca/les ( 
,ca/ile /rew$ ov] its walls ( glass     
mutely rem9d u t x 0 built by ! good    
,l\is ,,ix & t ) him 0 associat$ 8 "m1  
,que5 ,blan*e ( ,ca/ile4 ,no k+ (       
,france s lov$ & befri5d$ our g5tle art 
z ,/4 ,l\is4 ,9 _m ano!r ,fr5* w9d[ ?is 
same comb9ation ( h]aldic emblems w     
demon/rate h[ dilig5tly ^! two royalties
 7or o!rs 9 _! hon\r7 /rove to introduce
 & spread ! lum9\s beauty ( ?is craft4  
,?is fragile *ef d'oeuvre 0 con/ruct$ by

 ord] ( its royal patron to provide a   
sanctu>y wor?y to conta9 ! sacr$ relics 
acquir$ by him 9 ! ,holy ,l&4 ,no ef=t  
or exp5se 0 sp>$ to fit x = its high    
purpose4 ,by reason ( its royal f\nd] z 
well z ( its object1 we c be sure t 9 ! 
,/e4 ,*apelle we h an example ( ! be/   
ta/e ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,/4 ,l\is laid 
! fir/ /one 9 #abde1 & s exp$iti\sly 0 !
 "w c>ri$ on t x 0 f9i%$ & consecrat$   
,april #be1 #abdh1 & we read t all its  
weal? ( glass 0 in/all$ be=e !          
consecration4  ,al?\gh we %all refra9 f 
te*nical words z mu* z possible1 we c   
see at a glance :y ^! 7 call$ m$allion  
w9d[s4 ,ea* subject treat$ is enclos$ 9 
a n>r[ r\nd fram+ ( col\r1 ?us break+ up
 ! entire surface into m$allions4 ,x    
prev5t$ confusion ( subjects & at ! same
 "t gave a balance to _! treatm5t4  ,x  
is a good om5 = ! future ( our comb9$   
sightsee+ & /udy t we c beg9 ) some?+ s 
complete & *>m+ z ! p]fect ,/e4         
,*apelle4 ,& yet1 al?\gh x is gl[+ly1   
my/ically lovely ) a beauty attributable

 *iefly to its glass1 o!r ?irte5? c5tury
 *ur*es w tea* u to notice t "h x is !  
int]ior t is b5efit$ & n ! w9d[s4 ,s    
small is ! edifice t we _c /& f> en\gh  
away f ! glass to let x develop !       
glitt]+ gl[ t refraction ( ! rays (     
light l5ds to ! glaz+ ( ! ?irte5?       
c5tury1 b :i* no o!r p]iod c %[ u4 ,9   
ord] to fully realise :at we h lo/ by   
be+ too ne> ! w9d[s1 take ! %ort /roll t
 br+s y to ! ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame4   
,ent] its great gloom1 g =w>d until y   
are opposite ! rose w9d[ 9 ! nor?       
transept1 & look up4 ,if y h 9 y any    
poetry1 any s5su\s sympa?y ) col\r &    
light1 y w receive an arti/ic ?rill s   
/rong z to at once elevate y to memb]%ip
 9 our ,bro!rhood ( ,glass ,lov]s4 ,our 
pilgrim />+ up at ! great rose w9d[ w   
note ! spl5did purpli% gl[ t comes f x4 
,n[ he w realise t he miss$ ?is gorge\s 
jewell$ gleam at ! ,/e4 ,*apelle1 & = ! 
reason t he 0 too close to ! glass4     
,aft] he has gr[n accu/om$ to ?is new   
feature1 he w beg9 to notice "s ( !     

causes = x4 ,! effect is und\bt$ly gl[+ 
purple1 & yet x is n produc$ by purple  
glass4 ,x results f ! m]g+ ( ! r$s &    
blues1 r5d]$ possible1 nay1 assi/$ by ! 
smallness ( ! pieces ( ! glass1 & ?is   
obs]vation also expla9s :y ?is same     
effect 0 n obta9$ 9 lat] p]iods :5 !    
glass fragm5ts become s l>ge t ! col\rs 
rema9 di/9ct & d n run into ea* o!r4    
,because we are too ne> ! ,/e4 ,*apelle 
glass we rememb] x z r$ & blue1 b !     
memory ( ! ,notre ,dame w9d[s1 :i* c be 
view$ f a prop] di/ance1 is a spl5did   
purple4   ,illu/ration3 #ac,,? ,,c5tury 
,,m$allion1 ,,musee ,,du ,,l\vre4       
,w9d[ surface brok5 up into m$allions1  
ea* enclos+ a      little sc5e4 ,! black
 outl9es ( ! picture are provid$ by     
! lead5 /rips :i* hold toge!r ! pieces (
 glass4 ,pa9t      is us$ only to m>k ! 
features1 folds 9 ! g>m5ts1 etc4        
,"h ! lead l9es assi/ ! picture--lat] !y
 m> x4  ,x is to be hop$ t y h _h ! good
 =tune to fir/ visit ^! two build+s on a
 ra9y or grey day4 ,t is ! sort ( wea!r 

= a glass pilgrim to be abroad & /irr+1 
= 8 w9d[s w be light$ to ! same ext5t   
all ar\nd ! *ur*4 ,if x is a sunny day1 
! w9d[s t[>ds ! sun w seem ?9 9 col\r1  
:il/ ^? on ! %ady side w be ?ick &      
flatly ton$4 ,he may assure himself t he
 is mi/ak51 & t ! diff]5ce 9 effect is  
caus$ by ! /rong gl>e ( ! sun on ! "o   
side1 & on ! o!r side ! lack ( x--we    
repeat t he may assure himself ( ?is1 b 
he w get ! wrong effect1 not)/&+4 ,make 
a m5tal note ( ?is po9t & :5 y g glass  
hunt+1 jo9 ! f>m]s 9 pray+ = ra96  ,we  
mu/ seek else:]e ?an 9 ,p>is to f9d :at 
?is mosaic ( t9y morsels ( diff]5t hu$  
glass c accompli% 9 ! small *apels      
surr\nd+ ! *oir ( a great ca!dral4 ,we  
%all le>n :at a glorify+ curta9 ( subdu$
 col\r x w provide & h[ :5 view$ f !    
nave ( ! *ur* ^! *apels become gleam+   
cav]ns1 =m+ a semi-circul> backgr\nd = !
 well-light$ *oir 9 _! mid/4 ,ev5 :il/  
we are dr9k+ 9 ! great beauty ( ?is     
spl5didly impressive half-circle (      
*apels1 we mu/ realise t delightful z is

 ?is me?od ( subdu+ & beautify+ ! light1
 x w\ld be mo/ unwise to use ?is same   
/yle ( glass 9 ! cl]e/ory above4 ,n only
 w\ld ! *oir be too d>k1 b1 besides1 we 
w\ld lose ! contra/ ( light aga9/ gloom 
t r5d]s x s impressive 9 its dignity4   
,?is obs]vation introduces ano!r type ( 
glaz+ = :i* we %all seek 9 va9 aft] ?is 
c5tury4 ,if we dem& m light f our       
cl]e/ory & at ! same "t insi/ on col\r$ 
glass1 !n we mu/ use few] /rips (       
light-obscur+ lead1 :i* means few] &    
l>g] pieces ( glass4 ,?us we w obta9 m  
illum9ation ?an is yield$ by !          
heavily-lead$ w9d[s bel[4 ,n[ we beg9 to
 und]/& t ! light ( ! m$allion w9d[ is  
sombre because s mu* ( its surface is   
occupi$ by ! great quantity ( lead      
requir$ to b9d toge!r its small pieces (
 glass4 ,^! num]\s lead l9es s]ve a v   
arti/ic purpose1 =1 by break+ !         
refraction ( ! rays ( light pass+ ?r\gh 
! small bits ( glass & diffus+ !m1 !y h 
mu* to d ) bl5d+ ! col\rs & produc+ !   
delightful jewell$ effect t we at once  

notic$ 9 ,notre ,dame4 ,we h purposely  
us$ ! phrase mu* to d1 because x is only
 "o ( sev]al causes4 ,! quality ( !     
glass itself _h a great %>e 9 t result4 
,x is q diff]5t f t f\nd lat] on1 = x 01
 z yet1 q imp]fect1 & no two pieces _h !
 same ?ickness or 7 surfac$ alike4 ,?is 
v unev5ness assi/$ 9 break+ up ! light  
rays4 ,ano!r cause = its brilliancy 0 t 
its transluc5ce 0 n obscur$ by pa9t4 ,a 
piece ( glass 0 yell[ or blue because   
its col\r 0 introduc$ :ile x 0 be+ made 
9 ! pot & !re=e 0 diffus$ ?r\gh\t !     
mass4 ,= ?is reason x 0 call$ pot metal 
glass4 ,we %all f9d t lat] on !y        
discov]$ h[ to t9t ! surface ( glass by 
! inv5tion fir/ ( /a9+ & lat] by        
enamell+1 bo? ( :i* _h a m>k$ effect & w
 be spok5 ( at ! prop] "t4 ,"o ( !      
results ( col\r+ glass 9 ! pot 0 t      
g5]ally ! tone w\ld n be equal ?r\gh\t2 
= in/ance1 a piece ( blue glass w\ld n  
be ev5ly blue 9 all its p>ts4 ,?is      
diff]5ce 9 ! %ad+ ( ea* piece1 z well z 
! unev5ness ( its surface1 produc$ a    

brilliancy :i* ! m p]fect me?ods t came 
lat] c\ld nev] hope to a*ieve4 ,! fre$om
 f surface pa9t made possible a         
limpidity ( col\r :i* by contra/ makes  
lat] pa9t$ or enamell$ w9d[s seem almo/ 
dull4 ,dur+ ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies 
! only pa9t us$ 0 a br[n pigm5t1 :i*    
s]v$ to del9eate features & sometimes to
 acc5tuate ! folds ( g>m5ts1 etc4 ,we   
mu/ also rememb] t z ! arti/ work$ )    
small pieces ( glass & !re=e us$ a great
 _m lead l9es1 all ! outl9es ne$$ by 8  
picture c\ld be put 9 ) leads1 & h5ce x 
0 only natural t he became v exp]t 9    
draw+ ) !m4 ,! result ( 8 skill 9 ?is   
p>ticul> is surpris+ly attractive & we  
%all sorely miss x lat]1 :5 less & less 
att5tion 0 paid to ! draw+ & decorative 
value ( ! leads because ( ! increas$    
desire = l>ge pieces ( glass ) pictures 
pa9t$ ^u !m4 ,9 fact1 s f> f e>ly       
traditions did !y ( ! sixte5? c5tury    
/ray1 t we %all see /rips ( lead runn+  
"r across an arm or a face6 ,_! value f 
an arti/ic /&po9t seem$ at t "t ne>ly   

=gott51 & in/ead ( be+ us$ to beautify !
 draw+1 !y 7 only tol]at$ z a "p ( !    
ma*9]y necess>y to support ! glass 9 its
 framework4 ,be=e leav+ ! subject ( pa9t
 ^u glass1 x is well to rem>k t al?\gh  
we may admire ! brilliancy ( ^! e>ly    
w9d[s & may rejoice t ! arti/ _h n yet  
le>n$ to obscure 8 col\r1 nev]!less1 if 
we 7 exam9+ w9d[s 9 ,italy1 t l& (      
ev]la/+ sun%9e1 we might f9d a little   
pa9t+ ^u ! surface a g5u9e relief to !  
eye4 ,!re is su* a ?+ z too mu* sun%9e4 
,geography mu/ be consid]$ 9 criticis+  
glass4  ,we promis$ to avoid z mu* z    
possible ! /udy ( ! te*nical1 b x mu/ be
 admitt$ t we h drift$ into x1 & t our  
attempt to le>n :y cl]e/ory w9d[s diff] 
f ! l[] ones1 has br\ght ) x an         
exposition ( ! te*nique ( ! ?irte5?     
c5tury4 ,to briefly recapitulate1 x     
consi/s (--   7a7 ,small pieces ( glass4
  7b7 ,obvi\sly requir+ a great _m lead 
l9es to b9d !m   toge!r4  7c7 ,glass t  
is unev5 9 surface & 9 ! di/ribution   (
 its col\r4  7d7 ,glass col\r$ ?r\gh\t !

 mass 7pot metal glass74  7e7 ,glass t  
is practically unobscur$ by pa9t4  ,b   
let u get up to our cl]e/ory w9d[s4 ,x  
has be5 in/ructive arriv+ !re1 b n[ let 
u see :at _h to be done to admit m light
 ?r\gh ^! upp] embrasures4 ,9 ! fir/    
place x 0 cle> t !re _h to be less      
lead+1 :i* meant l>g] pieces ( glass4 ,=
 ?is purpose !re 0 devis$ a conv5tional 
/yle ( decoration giv+ a mo/ pleas+     
result4 ,?is consi/$ ( a s]ies ( l>ge   
figures ( sa9ts1 k+s1 or o!r great      
p]sonages4 ,un=tunately we _c see ?is   
sort ( cl]e/ory w9d[ 9 ,p>is1 b a visit 
to ,b\rges or ,rheims or ,*>tres w soon 
conv9ce y h[ spl5didly !y s]ve _!       
purpose4 ,at ,notre ,dame1 9 ! *oir     
cl]e/ory1 "o sees only a poor imitation 
( ! de/roy$ old w9d[s2 ow+ to ! pa9t ^u 
! glass1 ! yell[s are dull & ! r$s are  
?ick & muddy4  ,:5 y h se5 "o ( ^! r[s (
 huge figures1 ! reason = ! device      
becomes cle>4 ,! folds ( g>m5ts ( su*   
size p]mitt$ ! use ( l>ge %eets ( glass1
 & z little lead & no pa9t 7 ne$$1 !    

light 0 n obscur$4 ,! draw+ ( ! folds1  
etc41 0 execut$ by ! leads :i*1 9 any   
ev5t1 7 requir$ = /ructural reasons4 ,s 
l>ge are "s ( ^! figures t (t5 we %all  
f9d t _! eyes 7 n drawn ) pigm5t1 b 7   
sep>ately lead$ 94 ,?is w\ld n h be5    
agreeable 9 ! l[] range ( w9d[s1 b high 
up 9 ! air1 f> above ! obs]v]'s head1 x 
produc$ ! effect desir$4 ,nor 0 ?is !   
only trick indulg$ 9 by ! arti/4        
,sometimes he p]mitt$ himself v odd uses
 ( col\r4 ,y w notice t dur+ ?is c5tury 
he g5]ally employ$ br[n glass in/ead (  
:ite = fle% t9ts4 ,( c\rse he did n h   
:at we call :ite glass--t 0 a p]fection 
n yet rea*$1 b he might h us$ p9k4 ,no1 
he pref]r$ br[n2 & :5 y h se5 ! glori\s 
r[s ( cl]e/ory figures look+ d[n ^u y at
 ,rheims or ,*>tres1 y w "k t he 0 "r4  
,8 col\rs 7 s ri* & /rong t :ite glass 9
 ! faces w\ld h be5 too %>p a contra/ & 
w\ld h spoilt ! h>mony ( tones4 ,nor 0  
?is ! only /range *oice ( t9ts4 ,y w be 
/>tl$ to read t blue is us$ = ! hair ( !
 ,*ri/ 9 a ,crucifixion sc5e1 & yet s   

clev]ly 0 x work$ 9 t _m an obs]v] ( !  
spl5did ea/ w9d[ ( ,poiti]s ,ca!dral has
 gone away )\t notic+ t ! hair is blue  
or t ! cross is bright r$6 ,! effect ( !
 picture 0 a*iev$1 pro( t ! arti/ knew &
 develop$ ! possibilities exi/+ 9 8     
mat]ials4 ,t c]ta9ly always has be5 &   
always w be "o ( ! great te/s ( arti/ic 
ability4  ,:ile 9 ,notre ,dame notice   
ano!r me?od ( glaz+ preval5t 9 t c5tury 
& :i* also _h = its raison d'etre ! ne$ 
= light 9 ! upp] w9d[s4 ,?is is :at is  
call$ grisaille1 a panel ( gre5i%-grey  
glass1 sometimes surr\nd$ by a bord] ( !
 same tone1 sometimes by "o ( gay] t9ts1
 b always1 dur+ ?is p]iod1 a broad      
bord]4 ,back 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 :]e we  
fir/ f9d ^! w9d[s1 ! bord]s are wid]    
/ill4 ,_! small pieces ( glass are held 
toge!r by leads arrang$ 9 conv5tional   
designs1 (t5 9 :at is call$ /rap "w1    
i4e41 ! seem+ int]lac+ ( /raps 9 a sort 
( basket patt]n1 v simple & agreeable4  
,! light comes ?r\gh 9 a cool1 silv]y   
tone :i* bl5ds well ) ! /one /ructure   

ab\t x4 ,9 ,notre ,dame we see examples 
( ^! w9d[s1 "s ) grisaille bord]s1 &    
also a few ) col\r$ ones1 b on our      
travels we %all f9d mu* bett] types at  
,b\rges1 at ,*alons-sur-,m>ne1 &        
else:]e4  ,z a result ( our sightsee+ we
 w le>n t ! be/ ( ! e>ly glazi]s realis$
 t to comp5sate = ! dim light yield$ by 
! m$allion w9d[s bel[1 x 0 necess>y to h
 bett] illum9ation f above4 ,( c\rse ?is
 comb9ation 9 p]fection 0 n (t5         
accompli%$1 b we g5]ally f9d t if !     
arti/ did n himself take c>e to admit   
suffici5t light1 somebody t came lat]   
correct$ ! error4 ,(t5 we f9d t ! monks1
 to obta9 m light 9 ! *oir1 remov$ !    
col\r$ panels & sub/itut$ pla9 glass4 ,9
 sev]al in/ances1 notably at ,ami5s1 !y 
attempt$ to sanctify _! v&alism by      
de/roy+ only s mu* /a9$ glass 9 a w9d[ z
 to leave a l>ge :ite cross ^u x4 ,:5 we
 come to ! next c5tury we %all see :at  
?is v&alism 9 fav\r ( bett]-light$ *ur* 
int]iors is go+ to produce4  ,= ! sake (
 cle>ness let u review ! /eps by :i* we 

h rea*$ our conclusions4 ,fir/ we saw t 
! ?irte5? c5tury w9d[ has f> m *>m 9 its
 col\r ?an 9 its draw+1 :i*1 al?\gh     
g5]ally true ( all glass1 is nev] s     
emphatically true z dur+ ?is p]iod4     
,:ile exam9+ ! col\r composition1 we h  
le>nt h[ a w9d[ is con/ruct$1 & t 9 turn
 has taught u :y x is be/ to view x f a 
little di/ance4 ,! next /ep 0 to        
conclude t !re=e ?is /yle ( glass 0 n   
well adapt$ to dome/ic ar*itecture or = 
small build+s4 ,fur!r1 we h rem>k$ ! odd
 /yle ( draw+ !n 9 vogue :i*1 trac$     
back1 proves b "o ( ! _m impr9ts :i*    
,byzant9e art left ^u ^? times4  ,m "t  
might at ?is po9t be pr(itably devot$ to
 /udy1 b ?is little volume is n int5d$ =
 a text-book4 ,its *ief object is to    
p]suade y to g ab\t ,france & see =     
y\rself its wond]ful w9d[s4 ,x is to be 
hop$ t ev5 ?is small am\nt ( rese>* w   
prove useful 9 increas+ y\r enjoym5t ( !
 glass4 ,let u n[ consid] h[ _m & :i*   
t[ns we w visit1 & also h[ we c mo/     
satisfactorily gr\p !m toge!r s z to    

provide conv5i5t trips4     ,,?irte5?   
,,c5tury ,,pilgrimages   ,! glass we h  
se5 9 ,p>is gives b a h9t ( ! ri*ness ( 
?is p]iod exemplifi$ else:]e 9 ,france4 
,h[ mu* or h[ little we %all see dep5ds 
^u ! read]4 ,if he has "t or incl9ation 
= b "o example1 he %\ld visit ,*>tres4  
,9 giv+ ?is advice we solemnly w>n him t
 if he has ev5 a fa9t idea ( see+ m ?an 
"o1 !n he %\ld def] ,*>tres until ! la/4
 ,x s f> surpasses ! o!rs t !y mu/ be   
se5 be=e x or !y w suff] by comp>ison4  
,if ! read] c only visit a few t[ns1 !n 
he w d\btless wi% to consid] :at else !y
 conta9 besides glass1 z ^! o!r features
 may influ5ce him 9 mak+ 8 selection4 ,=
 example1 if he is int]e/$ 9 tape/ry x  
is cle> t he w pref] ,rheims & ,ang]s to
 o!r *ur*es equally important 9 _!      
glass1 b lack+ su* additional           
attractions4 ,!n1 too1 ne>ness to ,p>is 
may decide him 9 fav\r ( "o ca!dral     
in/ead ( ano!r requir+ a long] j\rney4  
,) ea* ( our t[ns we w m5tion any su*   
extra inducem5t z tape/ry1 pa9t+s1 etc4 

,at ! back w be f\nd a table ( di/ances1
 n only f ,p>is1 b also f ea* t[n to !  
next4 ,if ! read] has pl5ty ( "t1 we    
sugge/ ?ree pilgrimages4 ,if 8 "t is 9  
any way limit$1 he c ei!r take "o or m (
 !m1 or else make su* adju/m5t ( !m z   
be/ suits 8 conv5i5ce4 ,x mu/1 ( c\rse1 
be und]/ood t !re is "s ?irte5? c5tury  
glass :i* w n be visit$ by u1 b any "o  
:o has foll[$ ^! it9]>ies w h se5 all ( 
! be/4 ,:5 we reflect h[ fragile is a   
glass w9d[1 x is really m>vell\s t we   
%all f9d s mu* ( ?is easily de/roy$     
beauty aft] ! /ress ( c5turies4 ,only a 
few *ur*es c %[ any?+ l a complete s]ies
 ( w9d[s1 & few] /ill a s]ies all glaz$ 
dur+ ! same p]iod4 ,*>tres1 t           
treasure-h\se ( glass1 is ! ne>e/       
approa* to a p]fectly complete example4 
,le ,mans1 p]haps1 is next4 ,b\rges is  
spl5did 9 its ?irte5? c5tury glory1 b   
!re ! hyp]critical may f9d t ! fifte5?  
c5tury glaz+ ( ! nave *apels int]f]es ) 
! e>li] effect4 ,! cl]e/ory ( ,rheims   
,ca!dral boa/s r[ on r[ ( gorge\s k+s & 

bi%ops1 b !re we look 9 va9 = ! m$allion
 w9d[s to give u ! usual gl[+ *apels    
bel[4 ,^! diff]5ces are n m5tion$ to    
criticise1 b to po9t out t we %all f9d a
 v>iety & n a monotony ( beauty4 ,n[ = !
 ?ree it9]>ies3      7a7 ,our fir/ t\r  
is ! longe/1 />ts at ! po9t mo/         
di/ant f ,p>is1 & !n works back to t    
city4 ,we beg9     at ,b\rges1 #d-a_/d  
h\rs by railway1 #bbg kilometres by     
road4 ,f     ,b\rges we g to ,poiti]s1  
!n to ,t\rs1 to ,ang]s1 to ,le ,mans1   
& end at ,*>tres4 ,*>tres is only       
#a-a_/d h\rs f ,p>is1 #hh     kilometres
 by road4      7b7 ,be=e />t+ on !      
second t\r we mu/ consult     "t-tables 
9 ord] to make connections = ,aux]re1   
:i* is     #ce m9utes beyond ,la ,ro*e1 
a /ation on ! ma9 l9e to ,lyons     & ! 
s\?4 ,if we c\ld take a ?r\gh tra9 f    
,p>is1 !     j\rney w\ld be "u ?ree     
h\rs4 ,by automobile x is #afh          
kilometres1 leav+ ,p>is by ! road to    
,fonta9ebleau4 ,f     ,aux]re we come   
back to ,s5s1 !n to ,troyes1 to         

,*alons-sur-,m>ne1 & la/ly to ,rheims1  
two h\rs f ,p>is     7#ade kilometres74 
,if ! "t or incl9ation ( ! pilgrim      
makes x exp$i5t t ?is trip be %ort5$1   
!n1 if he is a     railway travell]1 let
 him beg9 by ,troyes & come ar\nd by    
,*alons & ,rheims4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 he 
is travell+ by     automobile1 he might 
z well see ,s5s j be=e ,troyes1         
because by road ,s5s is n mu* (f ! l9e f
 ,p>is to     ,troyes & is well wor? t  
small det\r4 ,! railway j\rney1         
h[ev]1 betwe5 ,s5s & ,troyes is a t$i\s 
"o ( m ?an     two h\rs1 because x is a 
bran* l9e :]e !re are no     expresses4 
7c7 ,! la/ t\r is mo/ conv5i5t to ,p>is1
 & al?\gh     cle>ly second>y 9         
importance z a glass pilgrimage1 !      
sc5]y is s v attractive t x w p>ticul>ly
 appeal     to ! automobili/ & bicycli/4
 ,we beg9 by visit+     ,soissons1 an   
h\r & a qu>t] by tra9 7#ie kilometres by
     road71 !n ,laon1 next ,/4 ,qu5t9 & 
la/ ,ami5s1 an h\r &     a qu>t] by tra9
 7#aca kilometres7 f ,p>is4 ,if he is en

     automobile1 ! pilgrim may return to
 ,p>is by way ( ,beauvais1     = x is n 
mu* out ( 8 way4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he is      
travell+     by railway1 !n he %\ld omit
 ,beauvais1 = he w f9d only             
exasp]at+ly sl[ tra9s f ,ami5s to       
,beauvais4 ,!     ?irte5? c5tury glass  
!re is unimportant1 &1 besides1 we      
%all lat] visit x = t ( ! sixte5?       
c5tury4  ,if ! read] int5ds to take all 
( ^! ?ree t\rs he %\ld beg9 ) 7c71 !n   
take 7b71 & la/ly 7a74 ,if he c take b  
two1 !n beg9 ) 7b7 & end ) 7a74 ,if !re 
is "t b = "o1 7a7 is ! be/4 ,!          
automobili/ may unfold 8 maps & prep>e a
 comb9ation trip if he likes1 = t is "o 
( ! lic5s$ joys ( automobil+4 ,!        
old-fa%ion$ travell] by railway w1      
h[ev]1 f9d ! ord] "h set out ! mo/      
conv5i5t "o4  ,!re is a spl5did s]ies ( 
m$allion w9d[s ar\nd ! *oir *apels ( !  
,ca!dral ( ,cl]mont-,f]r&1 b x is too f>
 out ( our way to be prop]ly includ$ 9  
any ( ! above t\rs4 ,r\51 too1 has f9e  
m$allion "w ( ?is p]iod 9 its ca!dral1 b

 ! lat] glass !re is s mu* m int]e/+ t  
we w n include x 9 ^! gr\ps4 ,bo? ^!    
t[ns w be visit$ lat] 9 _! appropriate  
ord]1 & we %all !n h an opportunity to  
enjoy _! delightful ?irte5? c5tury      
w9d[s4  ,illu/ration3 #ac,,? ,,c5tury   
,,t\rs4   7a7 ,b\rges1 ,poiti]s1 ,t\rs1 
,ang]s1 ,le ,mans1 ,*>tres4  7b7        
,aux]re1 ,s5s1 ,troyes1 ,*alons1        
,rheims4  7c7 ,soissons1 ,laon1 ,/4     
,qu5t91 ,ami5s4  7,= table ( di/ances1  
see ,page #bie47   ,,b\rges  ,! writ] w 
nev] =get 8 fir/ impression ( ,b\rges   
,ca!dral1 z1 m\nt$ on a bicycle1 he     
approa*$ x ov] ! roll+ c\ntry t lies to 
! ea/ t[>ds ,nev]s4 ,= a long "t x seem$
 a great rock ris+ f ! pla91 :i* /eadily
 grew l>g] & l>g] until1 all at once1 x 
took on ! outl9es ( a huge ca!dral4     
,fanta/ic z x may seem 9 ! tell+1 ?is   
va/ bulk loom+ up aga9/ ! sky exactly   
symbolis$ = him ! ^w ,b\rges4 ,to fully 
appreciate ?is great *ur* "o %\ld       
approa* x ?is way & let x gr[ be=e "o's 
eyes4 ,?is is true ( b few ca!drals1    

among :i* !re is an easily recall$      
in/ance 9 ,engl&4 ,no "o ev] realises   
all ! s(t grey beauty ( ,ely unless1    
?anks to 8 sl[ progress d[n ! riv]      
,ouse1 he has se5 x gradually arise f ! 
gre5 sett+ ( f5 l&s4 ,p]haps "o reason  
:y ,b\rges1 :5 view$ f a di/ance1 does n
 imm$iately disclose itself to be a     
ca!dral is because "o sees no p]p5dicul>
 l9es4 ,on "o side ! great t[] s tap]s z
 to seem to slant inw>d1 :ile on ! o!r  
side ! fly+ buttresses pres5t an ev5    
great] div]g5ce f ! p]p5dicul>4 ,all ?is
 increases ! rock-l appe>ance & def]s ! 
realisation t x is ar*itecture & n      
nature until "o is s ne> z to p]ceive "s
 ( ! details4 ,9 "o respect ,b\rges is l
 ! t[n ( ,ami5s1 9 t ne>ly all its      
ar*itectural beauty is c5tr$ 9 ! ca!dral
 & seems to h be5 cont5t to b\rgeon &   
blossom !re4 ,b\rges has1 h[ev]1 "o     
advantage 9 possess+ a wond]ful h\se t  
,jack built1 ! fifte5? c5tury palace (  
,jacques ,coeur1 a ri* m]*ant & bank] ^:
 weal? 0 ! cause ( 8 f9al ov]?r[ &      

bani%m5t on a trump$-up *>ge ( debas+ ! 
co9age4 ,ev5 ! fact t he _h l5t money   
freely to ,*>les ,,vii did n save him4  
,lat] on 7page #aea7 we %all consid] !  
ca!dral's fifte5? c5tury glass1 & we    
%all !n exam9e ! spl5did w9d[ giv5 by   
,jacques ,coeur1 p]haps ! f9e/ t p]iod c
 %[4 ,*ief among ! *>ms ( ! ca!dral's   
ext]ior are ! spl5did five-portall$ we/ 
front1 & ! lace-l g>m5t ( fly+          
buttresses t gracefully hangs ab\t its  
sides & ea/ end4 ,! great apse is built 
^u ! rema9s ( ! old ,roman walls1 :i* s 
elevates x above ! neighb\r+ h\ses z to 
provide a cle> view ( ! fly+ buttresses4
 ,un=tunately1 ! we/ front does n f>e s 
well4 ,!re is h>dly a ca!dral 9 ,europe 
s %ut 9 on ! we/ by adjo9+ build+s4 ,!y 
huddle s closely ab\t x t "o has no     
opportunity to /& (f & prop]ly obs]ve ! 
elaborate c>v+s & o!r ar*itectural      
features t unite to make ! beauty ( ?is 
fam\s facade4 ,f ! way 9 :i* ea* succe$+
 /ory decreases 9 size1 x is easy to see
 :y ! big nor!rn t[] appe>$ to slant    

inw>d :5 view$ f a di/ance4 ,l "o ( !   
ca!dral t[]s at ,r\51 x is nam$ ! ,t\r  
du ,beurre because x 0 built ) money    
receiv$ f ! sale ( indulg5ces to eat    
butt] dur+ ,l5t4  ,mo/ ,am]icans h1 dur+
 ! day-dreams ( _! *ildhood1 conjur$ up 
a m5tal picture ( ! va/ int]ior ( an    
anci5t ca!dral1 & ( ! my/]i\sly         
impressive gloom t w\ld "s day !re meet 
_! eyes4 ,x is d\btful if any o!r *ur* m
 completely realises ?is fancy ( our    
*ildhood4 ,z "o ent]s ! great build+ he 
receives an impression nev] to be       
=gott54 ,a feel+ ( va/ness lays hold ^u 
"o ev5 m /rongly ?an at ,beauvais &     
,ami5s1 bo? ( :i* are actually l(ti]4   
,"h ! seem+ height is increas$ by ! five
 r[s ( w9d[s1 "o above ! o!r4 ,?is      
addition to ! usual allotm5t ( ?ree ti]s
 7l[] ar*es1 tri=ium & cl]e/ory7 gives  
an unusual numb] ( light ap]tures4 ,:ile
 !re are no transepts1 _! abs5ce leaves 
unbrok5 ! l9es ( ! side walls & ?us     
increases ! app>5t size ( ! int]ior4 ,& 
:at a weal? ( ?irte5? c5tury glass6 ,x  

gleams & gl[s & gli/5s on e side1 ne> at
 h& & f> (f 9 ! s(t ri*ness ( ! *oir    
*apels4 ,we f9d x ev]y:]e except 9 !    
nave *apels1 :i* 7 glaz$ 9 ! fifte5?    
c5tury4 ,p]haps if x 7 n = ! increas$   
light :i* ^! lat] panels admit1 we might
 f9d ! *ur* too mu* d>k5$ by its sombre 
e>li] glass4 ,x is cle>1 h[ev]1 t c>e 0 
tak5 ev5 f ! fir/ to suffici5tly illum9e
 ! nave1 because x possesses a f9e s]ies
 ( ?irte5? c5tury grisaille w9d[s1      
enri*$ & enliv5$ by broad bord]s (      
col\r4 ,! noble *apels t encircle ! *oir
 %[ u ! effect ( mosaic m$allions at _! 
be/4 ,above 9 ! cl]e/ory1 l wat*m5 on a 
leagu]$ wall1 are /ation$ a glori\s r[ (
 l>ge figures :i* are n to be surpass$  
any:]e4 ,! ri*ness ( _! co/umes1 ( !    
backgr\nds1 ev5 ( ! bord]s1 is mo/      
sumptu\s4 ,we h already not$ ! abs5ce ( 
! transepts4 ,on our travels we %all    
notice t ! nor? & s\? ends ( transepts  
g5]ally conta9 great rose w9d[s4 ,to    
comp5sate ! glass arti/ = _! abs5ce "h1 
! ar*itect gave him an opportunity to   

glaze an elaborate s]ies ( =ty-five     
small ones4 ,!y ext5d all ar\nd !       
int]ior1 no two alike1 & mu/ be se5 = "o
 to appreciate h[ greatly !y add to !   
int]e/ & *>m ( ! ca!dral4 ,x is cont5d$ 
by "s t ,b\rges provides ! f9e/ field = 
! /udy ( ?irte5? c5tury glass1 b 9 ?is  
op9ion we _c agree1 al?\gh gladly       
admitt+ ev]y?+ else claim$ = x by its   
/aun*e/ adh]5ts4 ,our reason = pref]r+  
,*>tres is t x has m w9d[s1 & t !y are  
practically all ( ! same p]iod1 s t !   
eye does n !re f9d ! di/raction caus$ "h
 by ! fifte5? c5tury glaz+ ( ! nave     
*apels4 ,we pref] to rank ! fir/ f\r 9 !
 foll[+ ord] ( excell5ce3 ,*>tres1      
,b\rges1 ,rheims1 & ,le ,mans4 ,x w be  
int]e/+ to le>n :e!r or n ! read] agrees
 ) u4 ,at any rate he %\ld see !m1 & n[ 
t we h entic$ him s f> away f ,p>is1 he 
w f9d x z easy to return by ! r\te t    
includes !m z by any o!r4   ,,poiti]s   
,among ! _m beauties ( ,france mu/      
c]ta9ly be acc\nt$ its cities built ^u a
 hill4 ,!re are a goodly numb] ( !m & _!

 l(ty position has t5d$ to pres]ve !m f 
*ange m ?an cities s plac$ t _!         
expansion into suburbs 0 easi]4 ,)\t    
d\bt !re is some?+ fasc9at+1 some?+     
irresi/ibly dom9at+ ab\t a t[n t looks  
d[n ^u u4 ,=tunate x is = u lov]s ( !   
picturesque1 :om1 alas1 ! uses ( mod]n  
conv5i5ce h made dwell]s 9 ! pla91 t    
dur+ m$iaeval times ! vital ne$ ( safety
 =c$ its citiz5s to seek ! refuge (     
heights6 ,no "o c "q ! "r ( qua9t old   
,poiti]s to be z haughty z hill t[ns h  
always be5--nay1 haughti]4 ,?9k ( ! days
 :5 ?r\gh ! ,h\se ( ,plantag5et %e gave 
rul]s to ,engl&--:5 ^! same k+s gov]n$ n
 only ,engl& b also ! :ole we/]n half ( 
,france6 ,we d n always rememb] :at a   
long /rip ( t]ritory 0 rul$ by ! ,angev9
 dyna/y1 /ret*+ all ! way f ! ,pyr5ees  
across ! ,*annel & up to ,scotl&4 ,"o ( 
! greate/ enc\nt]s t m>k$ ! long & bitt]
 /ruggle betwe5 ! ,engli% & ,fr5* 0 !   
,battle ( ,poiti]s1 :5 9 #acef ! ,engli%
 "u ! ,black ,pr9ce defeat$ & took      
prison] ,john ! ,good ( ,france & slew  

#aa1jjj ,fr5*m54 ,x 01 inde$1 a bloody  
baptism :5 our hill t[n /ood sponsor to 
su* a conflict ( w>r+ nations4  ,!re are
 few cities 9 ,france :i* m ri*ly repay 
a visit ?an ?is r out-(-!-way place1 &  
few] /ill :i* h s _m v>i$ inducem5ts to 
(f]4 ,! ar*itectural rema9s are n only  
int]e/+ b diff] mat]ially 9 "* & epo*4  
,! situation ( ! city is mo/ /rik+4 ,x  
is p]*$ on ! top ( a flat-iron %ap$ hill
 ^u ! po9t ( :i* ! picturesque ,j>d9 de 
,blossac smiles d[n ^u ! w9d+ riv]      
,cla94 ,x is n 9 ?is book t y %\ld look 
= a description ( ! wond]ful triple     
int]p5etrat$ *imney ( ! ,palais de      
,ju/ice1 nor ! f\r? c5tury *ur* ( ,/4   
,jean1 nor ! ivory-l c>v+s on ! facade (
 ,notre ,dame de la ,g>de4 ,hie !e to a 
guide-book = ^!1 & ! l ( !m1 & let u to 
our que/6 ,9 all glass ( ?is p]iod1 nay1
 ( any p]iod or any c5tury1 we %all nev]
 f9d a m spl5did w9d[ ?an ! ,crucifixion
 at ! ea/ end ( ! ca!dral4 ,9 our       
introduction we said t glass %\ld n be  
/udi$ f writt5 description1 b t x mu/ be

 se54 ,( ?is w9d[ ?is obs]vation is ev5 
m true ?an ( any o!r4 ,its bread? & size
 indicate t x dates f e>ly 9 ! c5tury4  
,! h>mony & ! beauty ( its col\rs are   
beyond words to describe4 ,inde$1 s     
+5i\sly are !y comb9$ to produce _!     
effect1 t ! detail is apt to escape !   
obs]v]4 ,ev5 aft] sp5d+ "s "t be=e x he 
may be surpris$ to le>n t ! cross is    
ruby-r$ & t ! hair ( ! ,savi\r is blue4 
,if he _h read ?is 9 a book x w\ld h be5
 impossible to conv9ce him t ! result   
c\ld be "o ( su* great beauty4          
,un=tunately = ! _m excell5t m$allion   
w9d[s 9 ?is ca!dral1 !re are also a     
great numb] ( uncol\r$ ones4 ,x does n  
take u long to decide t a m$allion w9d[ 
%\ld nev] be light$ f )91 because t     
enables "o to see ! cumb]some ma*9]y us$
 to produce its effect4 ,"o %\ld nev]   
become aw>e ( ! num]\s small pieces (   
unev5ly surfac$ glass & ! va/ complexity
 ( leads :i* 9 comb9ation produce su*   
glori\s results1 b only :5 ! light comes
 f )\t4 ,n only d ^! :ite panes reveal  

^! ugly details1 b by _! gl>e !y        
effectually ext+ui% ! w>m gl[ :i* we are
 accu/om$ to expect f ! ri*ly-col\r$    
mosaics ( ! m$allions4 ,ne> ! we/ end   
!re is a good deal ( f9e /rapwork       
grisaille evid5tly put !re to light t   
end ( ! *ur* 9 contra/ to ! dimm] light 
:i* mu/ h prevail$ at ! ea/ end :5 all !
 m$allions 7 /ill 9 place4 ,ev5 if !re 7
 n _m f9e ?irte5? c5tury panels 9 ?is   
ca!dral1 & ev5 if ! t[n itself 7 n full 
( _m int]e/+ sights1 /ill we w\ld h be5 
amply repaid = our visit by !           
,crucifixion w9d[1 ! *ef d'oeuvre ( its 
"t4  ,ne> ! ca!dral is ! *ur* ( ,/4     
,radegonde4 ,?is long n>r[ edifice has  
no transepts1 nor1 inde$1 ! usual       
division into *oir & nave1 & yet x boa/s
 ( a rose w9d[1 & a f9e "o1 too1 ov] its
 nor!rn portal4 ,! col\r is really      
delightful & conta9s mu* ( ! brilliant  
blue = :i* ,poiti]s is fam\s4 ,its *ief 
int]e/ is t in/ead ( hav+ its figures   
brok5 up s z to monoton\sly radiate f ! 
c5tre 7:i* is g5]ally true ( rose w9d[s7

 !y are1 s to speak1 "r side up1 & all  
p>ticipate 9 =m+ ! picture ( ! ,la/     
,judgm5t4 ,!re is "s ?irte5? c5tury     
glass on ! s\!rn side ( ?is *ur*1 b n s 
well pres]v$ or s good4 ,! w9d[s on !   
nor!rn side betwe5 ! nor? portal & ! ea/
 end are ( ! next c5tury & w be consid]$
 lat] 7page #agb74 ,we may say1 h[ev]1 9
 pass+1 t !y are unique 9 t !y h bright 
figures di/ribut$ ^u a grisaille        
backgr\nd :i* is surr\nd$ by a bord] (  
ri* col\r4   ,,t\rs  ,( all ! great     
battles :i* h m>k$ ! _w's hi/ory !re are
 few1 if any1 :i* s di/9ctly /& out f ! 
c5turies z ! ,battle ( ,t\rs4 ,x 0 ?is  
bloody victory :i* 9 #gcb roll$ back !  
_w-conqu]+ ,s>ac5s & det]m9$ t ,europe  
%\ld be ,*ri/ian & n ,moslem4 ,on t     
epo*-mak+ day1 ! bloody axe ( ,*>les    
,m>tel grav$ deep 8 "n on ! annals (    
,france4 ,b ,t\rs has _m ano!r claim to 
hi/oric r5[n4 ,t\ra9e1 ! prov9ce ( :i* x
 is ! capital1 is /rew$ ) magnific5t    
*ateaux1 ^: v elaboration & beauty      
te/ify to h[ greatly ,fr5* royalty &    

nobility lov$ its temp]ate climate4 ,on 
our way f ,poiti]s to ,t\rs1 we %all    
pass ?r\gh sev]al *>m+ little valleys & 
f9d attractive1 ?\gh quiet1 sc5]y1 dur+ 
mo/ ( ! j\rney4 ,! imm$iate surr\nd+s ( 
,t\rs are n pleas+4 ,x impresses "o z a 
dull1 grey city seat$ demurely beside ! 
s&s t s ungracefully bord] mo/ ( ! l[]  
"p ( ! riv] ,loire4 ,!re is little to   
recall ! e*oes ( ! great battle & less  
/ill to rem9d "o ( ! delightful m$iaeval
 resid5ces :i* are su* an attractive    
feature ?r\gh\t ! re/ ( ,t\ra9e4        
,al?\gh ! ca!dral 0 "u con/ruction all !
 way f ! twelf? c5tury to ! sixte5?1 its
 v>i\s /yles are s comb9$ z to make x an
 int]e/+ build+4 ,x does n1 h[ev]1 seem 
to m]it ! en?usia/ic praise lavi%$ ^u x 
by ,h5ry ,,iv & _m ano!r ( its admir]s4 
,! *ief objection to ! int]ior is t x   
appe>s oppressively n>r[4 ,! explanation
 ( ?is cramp$ effect is t ! ar*itect did
 n avail himself ( ! usual device (     
slightly increas+ its wid? z ! walls    
rose4 ,?is 0 g5]ally done else:]e & s]v$

 to correct ! contract$ appe>ance :i*   
p]spective t5ds to give z "o looks up f 
! floor4 ,?is ar*itectural trick is an  
old "o1 = we "k t ! ,greeks us$ x n only
 9 %ap+ ! sides ( _! columns1 b also to 
pres]ve ! appe>ance ( /raightness 9 !   
*ief horizontal l9es ( _! build+s4 ,9 ! 
abs5ce ( ?is device ! walls seem to cr[d
 toge!r above u1 ?us acc5tuat+ !        
unpleasant n>r[ness ( ! nave4  ,! f9e   
rosaces 9 ! ends ( ! transepts conta9   
f\rte5? c5tury glass1 & ! we/]n rose )  
its gall]y ( eight lancets bel[1        
excell5t ,r5aissance glaz+4 ,! *ief     
glory ( ! int]ior1 h[ev]1 is ! f9e      
m$allion panels all ?r\gh ! *oir1 n only
 9 ! *apels1 b also1 & mo/ unusually1 9 
! fifte5 l>ge lights ( ! cl]e/ory4 ,^!  
cl]e/ory m$allions date f ! latt] "p ( !
 c5tury1 & _! lat5ess is evid5c$ 9 a    
numb] ( ways1 among o!rs1 by ! fact t ! 
m$allions are oval in/ead ( r\nd & also 
t !y ext5d to ! edge ( ! embrasure1     
leav+ little or no room = ! bord]4 ,?is 
c also be obs]v$ 9 ! ea/]nmo/ *oir w9d[s

 ( ,c\tances ,ca!dral4 ,we h not$ be=e t
 ! *oir cl]e/ory at ?is "t 0 g5]ally    
giv5 ov] to l>ge figures ( k+s1 bi%ops1 
etc41 9 ord] to secure m light ?an      
m$allions w\ld admit4 ,9 ! ,t\rs        
cl]e/ory ! fif? w9d[ on ! "r & ! fif? on
 ! left 7j above ! great alt>7 %[ an    
attempt to correct ! d>k5+ effect ( !   
m$allions by alt]nat+ ) !m horizontal   
/ripes ( grisaille4 ,notice t 9 !       
ea/]nmo/ embrasure ! ?ree m$allions ( ! 
second ti]1 :5 consid]$ toge!r1 =m a    
picture ( ,! ,la/ ,supp]4 ,?is is a m   
elaborate exposition ( ! same idea      
exemplifi$ by ! ,annunciation at ! ea/  
end ( ! ,cl]mont-,f]r& cl]e/ory4 ,a     
qua9t t\* is obs]vable 9 ! two m$allions
 :i* %[ little figures ( donors1 ea*    
hold+ up 9 8 two h&s a model ( 8 gift   
w9d[4 ,"o ( ^! is 9 ! left-h& l[] corn] 
( ! w9d[ j left ( ! ea/]n "o1 & ! o!r 9 
! "r-h& corn] ( ! six? on ! "r4 ,"s ( ! 
,t\rs *oir *apels are glaz$ 9 :ite1 :i* 
comb9$ ) ! pi]c$ tri=ium1 s]ves to      
correct ! lack ( light caus$ by !       

unusual treatm5t ( ! cl]e/ory4          
,illu/ration3 #ac,,? ,,c5tury ,,m$allion
 ,,lancet1 ,,t\rs4      ,! %apes ( !    
m$allions v>y widely4 ,difficult to     
di/+ui% ! little pictures1 al?\gh we are
 ne> !      w9d[s2 ! e>ly glazi] valu$ !
 col\r effect ( 8      w9d[ m ?an !     
leg5ds4 ,lat] 8 picture becomes l>g]1   
& ( great importance4   ,,ang]s  ,a bad 
"n dies h>d & (t5 l+]s ye>s aft] x is no
 long] des]v$4 ,a /rik+ example ( ?is is
 f\nd 9 ! n[ unju/ appellation1 ,black  
,ang]s4 ,black x may h be5 9 ! days :5  
its /reets 7 dirty & n>r[1 b black x is 
no long]4 ,black x may h seem$ to !     
t[nspeople :5 _! humble dwell+s 7 fr[n$ 
d[n ^u by ! sev5te5 gloomy t[]s ( its   
haughty ?irte5? c5tury ca/le4 ,n[ ! t[]s
 ( ! ca/le are raz$1 ! walls t girdl$ ! 
city are tumbl$ into ! great moat to =m 
broad b\lev>ds1 & altoge!r x is z       
agreeable a place z 0 ev] vilifi$ by an 
outgr[n "n4 ,its mo/ important edifice1 
,/4 ,maurice ,ca!dral1 is n only a      
p]fect treasure-h\se ( glass1 b is also 

! depository ( a pr(usion ( admirable   
tape/ries4 ,^? int]e/$ 9 ! latt] w f9d  
"h 7ev5 m ?an at ,rheims7 :at an add$   
inducem5t !y provide = ! sightse]4 ,all 
ar\nd ! nave are susp5d$ ! s]ies ( !    
,apocalypse 7z !y are call$71 :ile on ! 
walls ( ! transepts are yet o!rs dat+ f 
! f\rte5? to ! eighte5? c5turies4 ,nor  
are ^! all1 = pack$ away 9 *e/s are _m  
m1 :i* ^u ! occasion ( c]ta9 *ur*       
fe/ivals are br\ght out to hang 9 a r[  
ar\nd ! outside ( ! ca!dral4 ,9 fact1 x 
is only on ^! fe/ival days t "o le>ns t 
! int]ior wall space is insuffici5t to  
display half ( ! *ur*'s possessions4    
,hav+ set out ?is additional reason =   
visit+ ,/4 ,maurice ,ca!dral1 let u n[  
turn to its *ief *>m1 ! spl5did twelf? &
 ?irte5? c5tury glaz+4 ,we %all f9d !   
nave w9d[s fill$ ) ! l>ge/ & be/ pres]v$
 collection ( twelf? c5tury glass t     
exi/s4 ,!y are v wide & high1 *>act]i/ic
 ( t e>ly p]iod4 ,9 ! *oir !re are      
f\rte5 excell5t examples ( ! ?irte5?    
c5tury m$allion type1 & !re are o!rs 9 !

 transepts4 ,we %all n n[ speak ( ! two 
great fifte5? c5tury rose w9d[s1 nor ( !
 v l>ge canopy ones :i* adorn !         
transepts1 nor ( ! few sixte5? c5tury   
panels4 ,x is prop] to say "h1 h[ev]1 t 
!y are excell5t examples ( ^? lat]      
p]iods1 ?us r5d]+ ?is ca!dral "o ( ! be/
 9 :i* to comp>e glass /yles all ! way f
 ! twelf? c5tury to ! sixte5?4 ,! *ief  
glory ( ! edifice1 h[ev]1 consi/s ( ^?  
:i* date f ! e>ly mosaic p]iod4 ,s few &
 s unsatisfactory are ! rema9s else:]e  
f\nd ( twelf? c5tury glass1 & s excell5t
 are !y "h1 t x is to ?is *ur* t "o %\ld
 come to /udy x4 ,x is a mo/ =tunate    
co9cid5ce = ! /ud5t t ! same int]ior    
also conta9s _m ( ! be/ types ( !       
?irte5? c5tury1 because ?is v contiguity
 enables him to conv5i5tly contra/ !m ) 
^? ( ! twelf?4 ,! f9] di/9ctions betwe5 
_! traits are mu* m noticeable to him   
:]e ! examples are side by side ?an !y  
w\ld be if he _h to c>ry ! picture 9 8  
m9d f "o place to ano!r4 ,he w at once  
notice t ! e>li] bord]s are mu* wid] ?an

 ! lat] ones2 "s ( ^? 9 ! nave occupy   
ne>ly "o-f\r? ( ! w9d[ space on ea*     
side1 or 9 o!r words1 if br\ght toge!r1 
! bord]s w\ld fill ne>ly half ( ! entire
 wid? ( ! embrasure4 ,he w also obs]ve t
 ! figures 9 ! e>li] ones are made (    
l>g] pieces ( glass & h ! drap]ies m    
tightly drawn ab\t !m4 ,x is v          
significant t ! pieces ( glass are l>g] 
9 ! e>li] w9d[s3 note ?is c>efully1     
because 9 _m books we are told t ! lat] 
arti/ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury _h no *oice b  
to cont5t himself ) ! small morsels (   
glass1 z he _h no o!rs4 ,?us !y w\ld h u
 believe t 8 wond]ful jewell$ gl[ 0     
m]ely ! lucky result ( hav+ no?+ b small
 fragm5ts at 8 disposal4 ,ev5 s brief a 
/udy ( twelf? c5tury glass z to %[ t !  
pieces !n us$ 7 uni=mly l>g] ?an ^? ( ! 
?irte5? or jewel p]iod1 is en\gh to     
demon/rate t ! lat] arti/ delib]ately   
us$ ! small] bits ev5 ) ! add$ tr\ble ( 
m lead+4 ,he did s = ! v purpose (      
obta9+ ! sp>kle & %e5 t 0 nev] a*iev$   
be=e nor s9ce1 & !re=e he %\ld receive  

due cr$it = 8 results4 ,a close         
exam9ation ( bo? ! *oir & nave w9d[s w  
yield u _m qua9t & int]e/+ details4 ,!  
fir/ on ! left conta9s a l>ge ,virg9    
plac$ ^u a panel occupy+ all ( ! w9d[ t 
is n giv5 ov] to a wide grisaille bord]4
 ,six small m$allions are arrang$ ab\t  
?is panel1 half ( ea* on ! panel & half 
protrud+ ov] ! bord]4 ,"o ( ^! small    
m$allions is plac$ at ea* corn] & "o 9 !
 middle ( ! two long sides1 l ! pockets 
on a pool table4 ,! *>m+ elaboration &  
col\r "w ( ! twelf? c5tury bord]s       
?r\gh\t ! nave _c fail to be notic$4  ,!
 set ( ?irte5? c5tury w9d[s plac$ ab\t !
 *oir h "s gorge\s blues & brilliant    
rubies4 ,! fif?1 c\nt+ f ! left side1   
proves to be a ,tree ( ,jesse w9d[1 a   
sort ( pictorially g5ealogical tree :i* 
we w frequ5tly enc\nt] on our travels4  
,9 ?is case ! treatm5t is unusual1 z !  
v9e1 w9d+ up ?r\gh\t ! w9d[ f ! lo9s (  
,jesse 9 ! l[e/ m$allion1 n only        
di/ributes its hi/orical p]sonages ov] !
 c5tral panes1 b also up & d[n ! bord]s 

z well4 ,! v wide embrasures ( ?is *ur* 
give u an excell5t opportunity ( /udy+ !
 col\rs ( ?is p]iod4  ,:ile we are 9    
,ang]s we mu/ visit ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,s]ge4 
,z we are n[ seek+ e>ly glass ! *ief    
int]e/ ( ?is small int]ior consi/s ( !  
five grisaille w9d[s ( ! twelf? c5tury  
:i*1 ) _! graceful design ( pale br[ni% 
/rapwork pick$ out & acc5tuat$ by po9ts 
( col\r1 leave little to be desir$ 9 _! 
s(t beauty4 ,!y are to be f\nd 9 ! *oir1
 & are consid]$ by mo/ au?orities to be 
! be/ type ( twelf? c5tury grisaille "w 
t exi/s4 ,dur+ a lat] pilgrimage we %all
 come aga9 to ?is *ur* to inspect !     
attractive fifte5? c5tury canopy w9d[s  
:i* decorate ! nave cl]e/ory 7see page  
#age74   ,,le ,,mans  ,! great p]sonages
 9 ! w9d[s ( ,/4 ,juli5 ,ca!dral look$  
d[n ^u a port5t\s spectacle on t day 9 !
 ye> #aacc1 :5 ,h5ry ,i ( ,engl& /ood   
hold+ 9 8 arms 8 little gr&son1 ,h5ry   
,plantag5et1 to be baptis$ by ! ,bi%op (
 ,le ,mans4 ,! va/ ?rong t ga!r$ = ?is  
c]emony1 bo? )9 & )\t ! newly complet$  

ca!dral1 little ?\ght t ! helpless babe 
w\ld "o day become n only ,h5ry ,,ii1   
,k+ ( ,engl&1 b also ! rul] ( ! mighty  
,angev9 empire1 :i* includ$ all ( ,engl&
 & ! we/]n half ( ,france4 ,!y c\ld n h 
=ese5 t ?is little "o w\ld cause ! ,h\se
 ( ,plantag5et to take its place 9      
hi/ory z "o ( ! greate/ ( royal h\ses4  
,/range sights h ^! spl5did old w9d[s   
gaz$ d[n ^u1 b nev] h !y temp]$ ! gl>e (
 ! sun = ! *ri/5+ ( a babe :o s widely  
outgrew ! place ( 8 bir?4 ,9 "o way or  
ano!r ?is ca!dral has be5 connect$ ) _m 
a royal family4 ,9 its ar*ives we read t
 :5 9 ,novemb]1 #abag1 x 0 decid$ to    
ext5d ! *oir ov] ! ,gallo-,roman wall1 n
 only 0 ! cons5t ( ,k+ ,philip ,augu/us 
necess>y1 b also t ( ,que5 ,b]5g>ia1 !  
wid[ ( ,ri*>d ,coeur de ,lion4 ,?is     
d\ble approval 0 ne$$1 s9ce ,philip     
,augu/us1 al?\gh ov]lord1 _h giv5 ,le   
,mans to ,que5 ,b]5g>ia 9 settlem5t ( h]
 claims ^u c]ta9 ,norman t[ns :i* he _h 
captur$4 ,p]*$ ^u a hill ris+ f ! riv]  
,s>! ! ca!dral so>s into ! air f its    

l(ty site z boldly z befits ! *ief      
sanctu>y ( an embattl$ city boa/+ ( m   
?an tw5ty sieges4 ,impressive z x is f !
 riv]1 x is /ill m s f ! little pla9 :i*
 lies j bel[ x inside ! t[n4 ,!re is    
h>dly a ca!dral ^: ea/ end is s         
beautifully reveal$ z is ,/4 ,juli5's f 
?is viewpo9t4 ,we _c help b be deeply   
impress$ z x sw+s out cle> aga9/ ! sky1 
girdl$ by its ?irte5 *apels1 hung ab\t  
by its innum]able fly+ buttresses & to u
 r5d]$ specially allur+ by ! great area 
( w9d[ space fill$ ) ! _m lead l9es &   
heavy iron saddle-b>s :i* we h le>nt to 
"k mean glaz+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,!    
view ( ! ea/ end ( an elaborate ,go?ic  
*ur* is always fasc9at+1 b 9 ?is in/ance
 its height above u1 ! great numb] (    
*apels & ! unob/ruct$ view make x       
unique4 ,! nave 0 con/ruct$ too e>ly to 
be greatly elaborat$1 b if comp5sation  
is ne$$1 x is fully provid$ by !        
?or\ghly m$iaeval feel+ :i* awaits "o on
 ent]+ ! little squ>e j be=e its we/    
entrance4 ,! opposite side ( ! squ>e is 

occupi$ by ,le ,grabatoire1 an anci5t   
dwell+ built 9 ! fir/ half ( ! sixte5?  
c5tury & 9 an admirable /ate (          
pres]vation4 ,! travell] 9 ,france      
g5]ally f9ds t build+s :i* surr\nd an   
old ca!dral are s mu* m rec5t 9         
con/ruction t !y provide a j>r+ contra/4
 ,"h at ,le ,mans1 on ! contr>y1 its    
imm$iate surr\nd+s ?or\ghly imbue u ) ! 
_s ( ! middle ages & we are 9 a prop]   
frame ( m9d to ent] ! portal &          
appreciate ! ,old ,_w beauty inside4 ,! 
int]ior amply fulfills ! promises ( !   
ext]ior4 ,! lum9\s glory ( ! broad      
surfaces ( ! glass t seem susp5d$ ab\t !
 l(ty *oir is some?+ long to be         
rememb]$4 ,?is is n ! place to speak ( !
 transepts because !y 7 glaz$ 9 !       
fifte5? c5tury2 !y are v f9e1 especially
 ! "o to ! nor?4 ,oddly en\gh1 ! s\? end
 ( ! s\? transept has no w9d[ at all2   
its l>ge wall space s]ves z a back = !  
organ 7see page #agh74 ,let u beg9 our  
inve/igations ) ! nave4 ,its tri=ium is 
a graceful gall]y1 b is n pi]c$1 :ile ! 

cl]e/ory above x conta9s only mod]n     
glass1 & !re=e !y w n long deta9 u4 ,9 !
 we/ front is "o broad w9d[ ( ! r\nd    
ar*$ ,norman type1 obvi\sly ( ! p]iod   
:i* we are n[ consid]+4 ,)9 a wide bord]
 are squ>e panels repres5t+ sc5es f !   
life ( ,/4 ,juli51 aft] :om ! edifice is
 nam$4 ,al?\gh ?is w9d[ is v broad1 ev5 
= its e>ly type1 x is nev]!less n l>ge  
en\gh to appe> alone 9 ! great we/ wall1
 & z a result1 x n>r[s ! appe>ance ( !  
nave4 ,:5 we move up into ! *oir & look 
back1 ?is effect becomes all ! m        
noticeable1 :ile ! nave is ev5 fur!r    
dw>f$ by ! fact t ! ar*itect1 tak+      
advantage ( ! great] height ( !         
transepts1 plac$ a cl]e/ory w9d[ j above
 ! po9t :]e ! ridge pole ( ! nave jo9s !
 cross+4 ,?us ! lone we/ w9d[ & !       
cl]e/ory op5+ j above ! nave ro( comb9e 
to l[] & contract t olde/ "p ( ! *ur*4  
,b to return to ! nave w9d[s2 all ! l[] 
range are small & all mod]n except      
eight1 ! ?ree we/]n ones on ea* side &  
^? ov] ! two small] we/ entrances4 ,( ^!

 eight all b two are m$allions4 ,"o ( !m
 7! ?ird f ! we/ on ! nor? side7 is (   
int]e/ because x has a bord] consi/+ (  
f\r little panels on ea* side enclos+   
figures4 ,?is sort ( bord] is extremely 
r>e1 except 9 ,tree ( ,jesse w9d[s1 :]e 
! p]sonages are sometimes us$ 9 ?is way 
to help make up ! bord]4 ,an in/ance (  
?is may be se5 9 ! c5tral panel ( !     
second tri=ium w9d[ on ! s\? side ( !   
*oir & x may also be notic$ 9 ! fif?    
w9d[ on ! left 9 ! ea/ end ( ,ang]s     
,ca!dral4 ,we h j said t all b two ( ^! 
l[] nave lights are fill$ ) m$allions--(
 ^! two 7! second & ?ird on ! s\? side71
 "o might write a book4 ,! writ] pref]s 
! second w9d[ to any o!r 9 ,france4 ,x 0
 made "s "t betwe5 #ajic & #aabj &      
repres5ts ! ,asc5sion4 ,z ?is book is n 
writt5 to describe glass1 b only to     
p]suade ! read] to view x1 we w cont5t  
ourselves by say+ g & see4 ,! blue & !  
ruby backgr\nds h a limpidity ( col\r t 
_c be rival$4 ,( ! ?ird w9d[ x is fair  
to say t "s ( ! panes 7 br\ght f o!r    

embrasures ( ?is *ur*4 ,! upp] panel1   
enclos+ a bu/ ( ,*ri/1 ) ! drap]y ( blue
 & a blue halo ^u a backgr\nd ( ruby    
spr9kl$ ) blue />s1 is mo/ delightful4  
,^! two are inde$ treasures & are all t 
7 left by ! ravages ( ! great fire :i* 9
 #aabj de/roy$ ! e>li] *ur*4 ,pass+ f ! 
nave to ! *oir we are at once /ruck by !
 gr&iose effect !re caus$ by ! l(ti]    
sweep ( its l9es4 ,! *oir *apels h lo/  
ne>ly all _! orig9al glaz+1 b =tunately 
t little gem1 ! ,lady ,*apel1 /ill has  
all its elev5 w9d[s fill$ ) m$allions4  
,^! encircl+ *apels n only give great   
wid? to ! *oir1 b /ill fur!r wid? is    
add$ by ! fact t ! ambulatory is d\ble4 
,! fir/ tri=ium t goes ar\nd above u is 
n pi]c$1 b j above x we f9d ! spaci\s   
embrasures ( ! second tri=ium4 ,^! latt]
 are ! l>ge/ ( _! k9d ! writ] has ev]   
se52 9 fact1 !y are l>ge en\gh to be    
plac$ 9 ! cl]e/ory ( mo/ ca!drals4 ,n   
satisfi$ ) ^!1 ! ar*itect has /ill fur!r
 increas$ ! light+ ( ! *oir & giv5      
great] scope = ! glazi] by plac+ above  

?is second tri=ium ! l(ty w9d[s ( ! true
 cl]e/ory1 ^? t[>d ! we/ ( six lancets  
ea*1 & ^? t[>d ! ea/ ( two4 ,all !      
panels ( ?is great curta9 ( light are   
glaz$ 9 ! mosaic /yle1 b ! pieces (     
glass us$ are noticeably l>g] ?an we h  
be5 accu/om$ to f9d 9 ! m$allion        
treatm5t4 ,z a result1 ! am\nt ( lead+  
is r$uc$ & a great deal m col\r meets   
our eye1 col\r ^: individual tones we c 
recognise1 & n ! sort1 :i*1 conflict+ ) 
o!r col\r1 produces a confus$ purple4   
,at ,/4 ,juli5 ,ca!dral we get a ri*]   
tone f ! m$allions ?an we f9d any:]e    
else1 b ?is ga9 9 ri*ness is p>tially   
(fset by los+ "s ( ! sp>kl+ gleam :i*   
w\ld h result$ f small] bits ( glass set
 9 m leads4 ,p]haps "s ( our read]s w   
agree ) ,viollet-le-,duc & o!r great    
ar*itects & writ]s1 9 reg>d+ ?is *oir a 
f9] monum5t ( ! ?irte5? c5tury ?an t (  
,b\rges or ,*>tres4 ,if ! nave ( ,le    
,mans ,ca!dral 7 z spl5didly glaz$ z !  
o!r p>ts ( t edifice1 we might h to     
reconsid] our op9ion t ,*>tres af=ds !  

be/ *ance = ! /ud5t ( t e>ly p]iod to   
pursue 8 rese>*es4   ,,*>tres  ,across !
 roll+ gra9-cov]$ pla9 ( ,la ,beauce    
w9ds a long depression worn by ! riv]   
,eure4 ,along ! side ( ?is depression we
 f9d ,*>tres1 slop+ g5tly up f ! little 
riv] t ba!s its feet & pr\dly lift+ into
 ! air ! grey & gre5 bulk ( its ca!dral1
 culm9at+ 9 ! two f9e/ spires 9 ,france4
 ,its light /one & ! s(tly-%ad$ tiles ( 
! ro( comb9e to give u a delici\s       
impression ( delicate gre5i% grey4 ,?is 
s(tness ( tone outside gives no h9t ( ! 
m9/] gloom )91 a?w>t :i* %imm] ! ri* d>k
 rays slant+ ?r\gh ! jewell$ w9d[s4     
,n[h]e c !re be f\nd su* a contra/      
betwe5 ! ext]ior & int]ior ( a ca!dral4 
,?is m>k$ diff]5ce s]ves b to di/+ui% & 
acc5tuate ! special *>ms ( ea*1 & toge!r
 !y make our memory ( ! ca!dral a mo/   
preci\s possession ( our m5tal picture  
gall]y4  ,z ! pilgrim ent]s ,*>tres     
,ca!dral1 !re is an impressive mom5t at 
h& = him1 = he is p5etrat+ ! ,holy (    
,holies ( /a9$ glass4 ,n only is x ! mo/

 delightful expression ( ! ?irte5?      
c5tury1 b also ( any c5tury1 & we speak 
n only ( ,france1 b ( all ,europe4  ,"o 
is almo/ /agg]$ by ! weal? & pr(usion ( 
w9d[s--#agd--;& ne>ly all ( ! ?irte5?   
c5tury4 ,9 ! we/ front ! use ( slightly 
l>g] pieces & ! wond]ful limpidity      
confirms ! fact t ! lovely rose %[+ !   
,la/ ,judgm5t1 z well z its ?ree        
att5dant lancets bel[1 are ( ! twelf?   
c5tury2 ! re/ ( ! int]ior 0 glaz$ 9 !   
next c5tury4  ,not)/&+ all t has be5    
writt5 ( ?is wond]ful glass1 m /ill     
rema9s hidd5 away 9 its pregnant my/]y1 
t my/]y t lays hold ^u all :o view x1 be
 he poet1 or unromantic foll[] ( "o ( ! 
homely trades ^: guilds h add$ s g5]\sly
 to ! tale ( w9d[s4 ,nor h revelations (
 ?is my/]y be5 made alike to all4 ,:at  
"o man has spelt out f x may rema9      
incompreh5sible to ano!r4 ,! obvi\s fact
 to "o m9d seems to ano!r b a qua9t     
conceit4 ,la/eyrie1 :5 he told 8 /ory 9 
#ahda1 felt t !re 0 a m>vell\s symbolism
 ab\t ! *ange 9 ! /r5g? ( ! light1      

bright] z x approa*$ ! cross =m$ by !   
transepts & !n gr[+ d>k] z "o )drew     
fur!r f t ,*ri/ian emblem ( spiritual   
illum9ation4 ,to him ?is ?\ght 0 full ( 
great *>m & "s ( u may agree 9 8 poetic 
conception4 ,o!rs may feel t !          
brilliancy ( ! remote we/ w9d[s seems to
 refute r ?an support 8 !ory4 ,x is     
c]ta91 h[ev]1 t ! revelation ( h>mony   
comes to u all alike4 ,x is relat$ t a  
c]ta9 lad ?\ght himself li/5+ to music f
 ! glass itself :5 ! organ comm5c$ play+
 dur+ ! "t he 0 gaz+ raptly up at "o ( !
 great rose w9d[s4 ,?is h>mony ( col\rs1
 ?is melodi\s fl[+ ( tone into tone1 is 
a glimpse v\*saf$ to u all into ! solemn
 my/]y t dwells )9 ?is en*ant$ b[] (    
light4  ,james ,russell ,l[ell says3    
,i gaze r\nd on ! w9d[s1 pride (        
,france6      ,ea* ! bright gift ( "s   
me*anic guild1      ,:o lov$ _! city &  
?\ght gold well sp5t      ,to make h]   
beautiful ) piety4  ,if ,rheims is to be
 kn[n z ! ca!dral ( k+s1 or ,ami5s      
*>act]is$ z ! ,bible 9 /one1 !n ,*>tres 

mu/ be /yl$ ! *ief sanctu>y ( ! m$iaeval
 guilds4 ,we h spok5 ( ! spl5did array (
 royalties ar\nd ! cl]e/ory ( ,rheims1 &
 h[ !y & ! _m coronations ( :i* !y are  
rem9isc5t fully ju/ify ! pr\d title (   
,royal ,rheims4 ,aga9/ ?is weal? ( royal
 rem9isc5ce ,*>tres c %[ b "o           
coronation1 t ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 ,s f> 0 he f
 be+ disgruntl$ by ! long siege         
necessitat$ by ! /ubborn def5ce ( its   
burgh]s1 t he elect$ to be cr[n$ 9 _!   
ca!dral1 p>tly1 we feel sure1 to %[ !   
approval ( a w>rior k+ = _! fight+      
qualities4 ,no1 x is n a long array (   
k+s t are set ab\t to gu>d its w9d[s &  
be> witness to _! p[] & b5efic5ce4 ,at  
,*>tres1 m ?an any:]e 9 ,france1 !      
,middle ,ages seem to h bequea!d to u ! 
great he>tbeat ( _! middle classes4 ,"h 
we see ab\t u ! /urdy work]s ( ! city1 !
 guilds ( its indu/ri\s burgh]s4 ,true1 
! great rose w9d[s ( ! transepts %[ u ! 
royalty & *ivalry ( ! k+dom1 b someh[ !y
 seem decorative & n dom9at+ z !y d at  
,rheims4 ,nor are our fri5ds ( ! guilds 

"h pres5t by any man's let or by virtue 
( k+ly condesc5sion4 ,at ,laon !re are  
/atues ( ox5 9 ! ca!dral t[]s1 put !re 9
 k9dly remembrance ( _! s]vices 9 dragg+
 up ! great /ones f ! pla9 f> bel[2 b at
 ,*>tres x is no k9dly remembrance t has
 dispos$ ab\t ! nave & else:]e ! glass  
hi/ories ( guild ^u guild4 ,!y are 9 !  
place because !y are ( ! place1 nor is  
!re any attempt to disguise ! homely    
occupations ( ! donors4 ,9 o!r t[ns we  
occasionally f9d a panel be>+ a /atem5t 
t x 0 pres5t$ by "s company ( craftsm51 
b ! subject is almo/ always a scriptural
 "o & ?r[s no light ^u ! "w-a-day       
exi/5ce ( ! memb]s4 ,"h x is v diff]5t1 
= s pr\d 7 ! hone/ workm5 ( ! crafts :i*
 !y pli$1 t !y took inf9ite pa9s to h _!
 w9d[s set out sc5es descriptive ( ! "w 
& life ( ! association :i* gave x4 ,!   
hi/ory ( ! ,*>tres guilds is well wor?  
delv+ into1 & "o f9ds a lum9\s index    
provid$ by ! long s]ies ( panels ar\nd !
 l[] "p ( ! nave4 ,! glass speaks       
eloqu5tly ( h[ well organis$ & h[ ri* 7 

! middle classes ( ,*>tres1 & n[h]e else
 c any?+ l s complete or int]e/+ a set  
be se54 ,goldsmi?s1 cobbl]s1 v9tn]s1    
tann]s1 money*ang]s--s ! li/ goes on    
until x swells into a total ( ne>ly =ty1
 & ( ea* !re is provid$ "s little gr\p  
depict+ ! s]vice p]=m$ = ! community by 
t p>ticul> trade4 ,sev]al ( ! guilds    
gave m ?an "o w9d[1 nor are !y conf9$ to
 ! nave aisles1 "s hav+ /ray$ s f> z !  
*oir cl]e/ory4 ,b = all t ! w9d[s "h    
speak m eloqu5tly ?an else:]e ( ! /urdy 
craftsm5--! b\rgeoisie t =m$ ! backbone 
( old ,france--we mu/ n =get t !y also  
be> witness to ! gallantry & g5]osity ( 
! knightly & titl$ classes4 ,to glass   
lov]s ?is ca!dral has a peculi> int]e/ 9
 ! fact t ,/4 ,l\is 0 baptis$ )9 its    
walls4 ,may we n be p]mitt$ ! delusion t
 to ! undevelop$ faculties ( ! royal    
babe ! wond]ful h>mony ( ^! w9d[s came z
 a lullaby1 & t ! e*o ( ?is lullaby     
f9ally grew into ! great love = /a9$    
glass :i* he lat] develop$8 ,( ?is love 
we h f\nd _m traces1 all lead+ up to its

 ultimate expression 9 ! ,/e4 ,*apelle (
 ,p>is4 ,& :]e m appropriately c\ld a   
,fr5* k+1 :o lov$ glass1 h be5 *ri/5$8  
,:]e else w\ld he h _h ab\t him on 8    
belov$ w9d[s su* an array ( 8 subjects1 
repres5t+ n only ! highe/1 b also ^? (  
humbl] rank1 a bodygu>d ( f\r ?\s&      
figures ( nobles1 g5try1 burgh]s &      
craftsm58 ,nor are ^! figures cont5t b  
to decorate1 = "s ( !m by _! gr\p+ s]ve 
to n>rate = u ne>ly =ty leg5ds4 ,a      
spl5did pro( ( h[ mu* he lov$ ?is       
ca!dral1 s (t5 revisit$ by him1 is af=d$
 by 8 spl5did gift1 ! ,rose ( ,france1 z
 !y call ! great w9d[ 9 ! nor? transept4
 ,"h are ! famili> comb9ation ( ! ,fr5* 
fleur de lis & ! ca/les ( ,ca/ile %[+ t 
,l\is & 8 "m1 ,blan*e ( ,ca/ile1 jo9$ 9 
?is royal gift4 ,9 spl5did r$s1         
lemon-yell[s & br[ns x tells ! /ory ( ! 
glorification ( ! ,virg91 ?us repeat+   
:at we see 9 ! c>v+s ( ! nor!rn por*4 ,!
 gorge\s five tall po9t$ w9d[s bel[ aid 
x to produce a glori\s ensemble4 ,nor is
 x only 9 ?is qu>t] t we see traces ( ! 

nobl] classes1 = 0 n ! s\? transept end 
decorat$ 9 simil> wise ) sc5es %[+ !    
glorification ( ,*ri/1 ! gift ( ,dreux &
 ,bretagne8 ,aga9 we f9d ! w9d[s inside 
repeat+ :at is %[n by ! c>v+s 9 ! por*  
outside4 ,! five tall po9t$ lancets "u  
?is rose are especially notewor?y1 = !  
two :i*1 on ei!r side1 flank ! middle "o
 conta9+ ,*ri/ are ea* fill$ ) an       
,evangeli/ c>ri$ on ! %\ld]s ( a        
,prophet1 a v physical way ( depict+ !  
p[] ( prophecy4   ,illu/ration3 ,,cross+
 ,,& ,,s\? ,,transept1 ,,*>tres4 7#ac,,?
 ,,c5tury47      ,no photograph c ev5   
h9t at ! weal? ( deep1 w>m col\r      t 
fills ^! w9d[s4 ,! e>ly date ( ^? 9 ! "r
      =egr\nd indicat$ by _! broad      
bord]s4 ,bel[ ! ,rose1      f\r ( !     
lancets %[ ,evangeli/s borne on ! %\ld]s
 (      ,prophets4  ,?is is n ! place to
 tell ( ! wond]ful c>v+s t ab\nd )9 &   
)\t ?is great temple1 & are especially  
delightful ar\nd ! /one scre5 t sep>ates
 ! *oir f ! ambulatory2 nor %all we take
 ^u u to speak 9 detail ( ! subt]ranean 

*apel to ! ,virg9 :o bore a ,*ild1 !    
pagan leg5ds conc]n+ :om ! memory ( man 
runne? n to ! contr>y4 ,= u !y are b    
accessories to ! wond]ful :ole :i*      
provides s magnific5t a casket = !      
pres]vation & exposition ( ! mo/ spl5did
 h]itage ( w9d[s t has come d[n to u4   
,al?\gh completely outclass$ by !       
ca!dral's great] glory1 ! glaz+ ( ! *ur*
 ( ,/4 ,pi]re is n only pleas+ to ! eye1
 b also provides a v complete &         
well-pres]v$ demon/ration ( h[ !        
transition 0 effect$ f ! light-ob/ruct+ 
mosaic m$allions to ! ov]light$ int]iors
 ( ! f\rte5? c5tury 7see page #ahh74    
,,aux]re  ,our memories ( ar*itecture   
are g5]ally ^? ( =m & n ( col\r4 ,to ?is
 rule !re are1 h[ev]1 a few exceptions1 
& ( ^! ! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,eti5ne at       
,aux]re is "o ( ! mo/ notewor?y4 ,"o    
rememb]s x *iefly = its ri* br[n col\r1 
p>tly due to ! t9t ( ! /one & p>tly to !
 t]ra-cotta tiles :i* cov] its ro(4 ,!  
deep] hue ( ! tiles calls out all ! w>m?
 9 ! %ad+ ( ! /one & !y toge!r make a   

mell[ br[n picture1 especially          
attractive if se5 = ! fir/ "t 9 ! tones 
:i* x takes on t[>ds twilight1 :5 ! l[  
rays ( ! sun p]=m = x ! same s]vice t !y
 d = ! int]ior ( ! ,corpus ,*ri/i       
quadrangle at ,ox=d4 ,ano!r ca!dral ^:  
col\r l+]s 9 our memory is ,*>tres1 :]e 
! dull gre5 tiles ( ! ro( tone into !   
greyi% /one ( ! build+1 acc5tuat+ &     
enri*+ x1 & leav+ ) u a di/9ct          
impression ( a s(t-hu$ grey *ur*4 ,a v  
picturesque city is ,aux]re1 slop+ up f 
! riv]1 ) its ?ree *ief *ur*es ris+     
wat*fully above ! monoton\s level ( !   
h\se-tops l huge rocks an*or+ ! city m  
firmly to its f\ndations4 ,n s bulkily  
impressive b equally noticeable is !    
qua9t old bell t[]1 :i*1 f its great    
height1 r+s out e n[ & aga9 rem9d]s ( ! 
flight ( "t4  ,! proportions ( ! ca!dral
 int]ior are v h>moni\sly adju/$4 ,!    
noticeable features are t ! ambulatory  
is l[] ?an ! nave1 & t ! ,lady ,*apel at
 ! ea/ end is squ>e in/ead ( be+ r\nd$4 
,9 view ( ! geographical location (     

,aux]re "o w\ld expect to f9d glass ( ! 
m florid ,burgundian type2 b in/ead x is
 cle>ly ( ! ,*ampagne s*ool4 ,!re is a  
quantity ( good sixte5? c5tury glaz+ &  
we w\ld especially call ! visitor's     
att5tion to ! f9e blues1 :i* he %\ld n  
fail to notice4 ,! w9d[s we h come to   
see1 h[ev]1 are to be f\nd 9 ! *apels & 
! upp] lights ( ! *oir4 ,h5ri ,vill5euve
 9 #abbj caus$ to be plac$ 9 ! *oir     
cl]e/ory ! great r[ ( fifte51 ea*       
consi/+ ( two bays surm\nt$ by a small  
rose4 ,?is arrangem5t is v graceful &   
gives an agreeable gr\p+4 ,! col\r+ &   
draw+ ( ! l>ge figures ) :i* !y are     
fill$ te/ify to ! good ta/e ( _! donor4 
,nor are ! w9d[s 9 ! cl]e/ory any m     
wor?y ( notice ?an ! tw5ty-n9e :i* we   
%all f9d bel[ surr\nd+ ! *oir & fill+ ! 
*oir *apels--almo/ all complete &       
conta9+ f9e types ( ! m$allion /yle4 ,! 
?ree ne>e/ ! transepts on ea* side & "o 
or two o!rs are glaz$ 9 :ite1 ! result (
 well-mean+ sacrilege on ! "p ( ! monks 
seek+ to secure m light4 ,=tunately _!  

h&s 7 /ay$1 s t en\gh ( ! old panels are
 left to give u ! jewell$ gleam :i* we  
are seek+4 ,!re is an unique arrangem5t 
9 "s ( ! embrasures ( ,aux]re :i* we mu/
 n fail to note4 ,x provides an e>ly    
example ( ! use ( grisaille to increase 
! illum9ation ( ! int]ior4 ,9 sev]al    
in/ances ! col\r$ figure or panel has   
two bord]s1 ! "o next x be+ ( grisaille 
& ! outside "o ( ri* col\r4 ,possibly ! 
contra/ w /rike u z be+ too m>k$4 ,we   
%all f9d t 9 ! next c5tury ?is          
comb9ation is c>ri$ to su* an extreme z 
to become positively disagreeable1 b "h 
at ,aux]re x is s skillfully employ$ t x
 is n at all unpleasant4 ,9 any ev5t1 x 
is f> bett] ?an :ite panes us$ = ! same 
purpose4   ,,s5s  ,9 ^! days (          
telephones1 telegrams1 express tra9s1   
automobiles1 newspap]s & pr9t$ books1 x 
is difficult = u to realize t 9 m$iaeval
 times ?\ght travel$ b sl[ly1 & t two   
cities a few leagues ap>t 7 mu* m widely
 sep>at$ ?an !y w\ld n[ be if divid$ by 
! ocean4 ,to-day a piece ( news1 an     

inv5tion1 "s new arti/ic me?od1 is fla%$
 ar\nd ! _w & at once meets ! eye (     
millions ( read]s4 ,all ?is excites no  
comm5t4 ,:51 h[ev]1 we notice t 9 "s    
m$iaeval p]iod a novelty 9 "o c\ntry v  
%ortly !reaft] appe>$ & 0 us$ 9 a       
neighb\r+ "o1 we are =c$ to conclude t  
!re mu/ h be5 "s v unusual occurr5ce to 
h s f> set at naught ! difficulty ( news
 transmission to :i* we h j ref]r$4 ,!  
hi/ory ( ! middle ages does n conta9 a  
/rang] example ( su* a rapid spread (   
some?+ novel ?an t pres5t$ by ! /ory (  
h[ & ( :y ,william ( ,s5s 7:o1 9 build+ 
! ,ca!dral ( ,s5s1 con/ruct$ ! fir/     
?or\ghly ,go?ic *ur*7 came to h ! hon\r 
( introduc+ ,go?ic ar*itecture into     
,engl& by a call to rebuild ,cant]bury  
,ca!dral4 ,x s happ5$ t j z he 0        
complet+ 8 great "w & disclos+ to ! _w !
 new beauty ( ,go?ic ar*itecture1 ,pope 
,alex&] ,,iii1 exil$ f ,rome1 took up 8 
resid5ce at ,s5s 7,septemb] #cj1 #aafc1 
till ,april #aa1 #aafe74 ,x is record$ t
 on ! #ai? ( ,april1 #aafd1 surr\nd$ by 

a gorge\s array ( c>d9als & bi%ops ga!r$
 !re 9 att5dance ^u ! papal resid5ce1 he
 consecrat$ ! alt> ( ! ,holy ,virg9 9 ! 
ca!dral !n rapidly approa*+ completion4 
,:]e ! ,pope 01 !re also 0 ! c5tre ( !  
,*ri/ian _w1 & ?i!r ( c\rse repair$ !   
cl]gy f all p>ts ( ,europe4 ,^! di/+ui%$
 pilgrims 7 witnesses ( ,william's fir/ 
bold attempt at ! po9t$ ar*1 ! *ief     
*>act]i/ic ( 8 great ca!dral4 ,to see 0 
to admire4 ,its beauty 0 s /rik+ t !y   
c\ld n fail to rememb] & rec\nt x :5 !y 
return$ to _! home t[ns1 ?us /imulat+   
o!r ar*itects to copy ?is new           
ar*itecture4 ,nev] be=e nor s9ce _h a   
build] s well tim$ a ga!r+ ( admir+     
ecclesia/ics4 ,among ^? :o came1 & saw1 
& rememb]$1 0 ,?omas a ,becket1         
,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 himself an exile
 f 8 see4 ,he dwelt f\r ye>s at ,s5s    
7#aaff-gj7 & :at he saw !re impell$ him 
to invite ,william ( ,s5s 9 pref]5ce to 
all ! ,engli% ar*itects to rebuild !    
,ca!dral ( ,cant]bury4 ,x w\ld seem     
/range ev5 n[1 & a ?+ wor?y ( comm5t1 if

 a ,fr5* ar*itect 7 *os5 to con/ruct an 
important ,engli% *ur*1 b h[ mu* m      
extraord9>y 0 x t ,?omas a ,becket %\ld 
h tak5 ?is /ep 9 #aagd1 aft] ! disa/r\s 
fire :i* de/roy$ ! e>li] *ur* on ! site 
( ! pres5t ,ca!dral ( ,cant]bury4       
,william succe$$ 9 complet+ ! *oir z x  
/&s to-day1 b x co/ him 8 life1 = z he 0
 sup]9t5d+ ! f9i%+ t\*es ( 8 great "w1  
he fell f a high scaffold & receiv$     
injuries f :i* he di$4 ,?r\gh ?is       
introduction ( ! "y ,fr5* ,go?ic into   
,engl& he ex]cis$ a notewor?y influ5ce  
^u ! beg9n+s ( ecclesia/ical ,go?ic 9 t 
c\ntry4 ,we h told ?is /ory "h because  
we "k ! ar*itect & ! glazi] work$ h& 9  
h&4 ,?is association gr[s m int]dep5d5t 
z ! ,go?ic blossoms into decoration & z 
m wall space is devot$ to w9d[s4 ,x is  
fair to assume t ! /a9$ glass /yle !n   
prevail+ 9 ,france mu/ h accompani$ its 
si/]1 ,go?ic ar*itecture1 ^u ! latt]'s  
invasion ( ,engl&1 & an exam9ation ( !  
e>ly m$allions at ,cant]bury t5ds to    
confirm ?is !ory4 ,s9ce a ,becket 0 hav+

 ! new ,go?ic ( ,s5s copi$1 :y n also   
its admirable glaz+8 ,9 any ev5t we "k t
 ,fr5* glass 0 well kn[n & mu* admir$ by
 ! ,engli%1 & lat] we %all rec\nt sev]al
 in/ances ( its be+ br\ght to glaze     
,engli% *ur*es1 & ev5 requirem5ts made 9
 ,engli% contracts t ,fr5* & n dome/ic  
glass %\ld be provid$4 ,:ile x is true t
 ! e>ly glass ( ,s5s ,ca!dral is n s    
abundant z t ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 we h   
come "h at ?is "t because no?+ f9] is   
kn[n ?an ! few m$allion w9d[s :i* rema9 
to u along ! nor? wall ( ! *oir4 ,!y    
date f ! end ( ! twelf? c5tury & are    
l>ge1 /rong 9 tone1 & 9 excell5t        
pres]vation4 ,! cl]e/ory lights ( ! *oir
 are fill$ ) attractive examples (      
grisaille enliv5$ by l>ge geometric     
figures 9 po9ts ( r$1 blue1 etc4 ,^!    
designs are con/ruct$ ) sl5d] l9es & )\t
 too mu* col\r1 s t pl5ty ( s(t silv]y  
light is admitt$ to illum9ate ! *oir    
bel[4 ,s well light$ is x f ! cl]e/ory  
above t we are =c$ to conclude t all !  
*apel embrasures bel[ mu/ at "o "t h be5

 fill$ ) ! gloom-produc+ m$allions4 ,x  
is un=tunate t ! orig9al set ( m$allions
 bel[ is n complete1 because if x 71 we 
w\ld n[ be able to see1 ?anks to ! *>m+ 
grisaille 9 ! cl]e/ory1 a p]fect        
comb9ation ( ! well-light$ *oir surr\nd$
 by ! sombre gleam ( its protect+       
*apels4 ,su* a comb9ation is r>e4 ,at   
,t\rs1 at ,troyes1 ev5 at ,b\rges1 we   
f9d ourselves wi%+ t we _h a little m   
light f above to set (f by contra/ ! d>k
 spl5d\r ( ! jewell$ cav]ns bel[4 ,!    
cl]e/ory at ,s5s %[s u j ! lum9\s effect
 :i* we h s\ght else:]e1 b1 alas6 our   
col\r$ dusk bel[1 :i* %\ld g h& 9 h& )  
x1 has be5 almo/ entirely dissipat$4 ,z 
a result we are left ) an impression (  
too bright an int]ior4 ,! m9/] gloom )  
all its dignity is gone6 ,we %all return
 lat] to ,s5s to see its spl5did glass (
 ! sixte5? c5tury 7see page #bah74      
,,troyes  ,( all ! ,fr5* s*ools ( glass 
:i* at "o "t or ano!r ga9$ r5[n1 none   
ev] surpass$ t ( ,*ampagne4 ,n only d we
 "k ?is f ! pages ( hi/ory1 b x is      

easily prov$ by ! innum]able examples   
f\nd 9 ! _m *ur*es ( ,troyes1 ! anci5t  
capital ( t prov9ce4 ,! fame ( ! glass  
arti/s ( ,*ampagne n only began e>ly b  
la/$ long4 ,9 fact1 9 its capital1 !    
p]fect$ me?ods ( ! sixte5? c5tury became
 s firmly e/abli%$ t _! /yle & vig\r    
la/$ f> ov] into ! sev5te5? c5tury1 :i* 
0 n g5]ally true else:]e4 ,troyes has   
always enjoy$ prom95ce & t1 too1 along  
diff]5t l9es2 ,troy weight te/ifies to !
 wide fame ( its jewell]s4 ,9 our       
travels we %all obs]ve t mo/ t[ns h b "o
 or two *ur*es ^: w9d[s repay a visit4  
,troyes & ,r\5 are ! m>k$ exceptions to 
?is rule1 = 9 ea* we %all f9d _m well   
wor? exam9+ & a great weal? ( glass4    
,!n1 too1 bo? ^! cities provide         
facilities = /udy+ ! art f ! e>lie/ to !
 late/ p]iod ( its gold5 age4 ,we w     
po/pone consid]ation ( ,r\5 until we    
take up ! sixte5? c5tury because its    
?irte5? c5tury glass is unimportant4    
,?is is n true ( ,troyes1 = if by "s    
sudd5 calamity all its spl5did          

,r5aissance w9d[s 7 de/roy$1 we w\ld    
/ill mo/ he>tily recomm5d t our pilgrim 
visit ! city to see ! e>ly glass 9 !    
ca!dral & 9 ! fairy-l *ur* ( ,/4 ,urba94
 ,^! two build+s alone provide ! be/ (  
reasons = includ+ ,troyes 9 ?is t\r4 ,! 
/ory ( ! f\ndation ( t ar*itectural     
egg%ell1 ,/4 ,urba91 is v int]e/+4 ,9   
#abfa !re became ,pope a c]ta9 ,jacques 
,pantaleon1 a native ( ,troyes4 ,aft] 8 
elevation to ! pontificate he rememb]$ 8
 humble beg9n+s1 & s f> f be+ a%am$ t 8 
fa!r _h be5 a small %opkeep]1 he b\ght !
 gr\nd :]eon 8 fa!r's %op _h /ood1 z    
well z "s ( ! neighb\r+ build+s1 &      
erect$1 ab\t #abfc1 "o ( ! mo/          
delightful & airy examples ( fragile    
grace 9 all ,go?ic ar*itecture4 ,! walls
 seem lit]ally to be con/ruct$ ( glass1 
s sl5d] are ! /one uprights betwe5 !    
w9d[s1 & s :olly is ?is little *ur*     
uplift$ & upheld by ! innum]able fly+   
buttresses t /ret* away f its ro( &     
delicate sides l ! support+ guy ropes ( 
a t5t4 ,at ! ,/e4 ,*apelle 9 ,p>is we   

notic$ t al?\gh m$allion panels give a  
spl5did d>k w>m?1 !y d n admit light    
en\gh = a small /ructure4 ,p]haps 9 ,/4 
,urba9 we %all feel !re is too mu*      
light4 ,! m$allions ( ! p]iod are !re1 b
 only 9 small numb]s & imb$d$ 9 l>ge    
fields ( silv]y grisaille4 ,! l[] half (
 ! cl]e/ory w9d[s is 9 grisaille & x is 
only 9 ! upp] half t we f9d col\r$      
figures4 ,:ile x is true t we lose !    
silv]y hue t simple grisaille g5]ally   
yields1 /ill1 9 ex*ange1 we receive a   
l[-ton$ gl[ t is delightful4 ,!         
proportion ( glass surface to wall space
 is "h s great t if ! grisaille _h n be5
 w>m$ by t\*es ( col\r1 !re w\ld really 
h be5 a gl>e1 ?\gh ! embrasures conta9  
no :ite glass4 ,! m we /udy ! subject ! 
cle>] x becomes t ! glazi] ?or\ghly     
und]/ood & appreciat$ ! possibilities ( 
! m$ium 9 :i* he work$4  ,z we pass f   
,/4 ,urba9 to ! l>g] & m impressive     
,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,pi]re1 we %all notice t 
al?\gh ! arti/ felt ! necessity = !     
light] treatm5t 9 ! da9ty *apel-l *ur*1 

he f\nd x m appropriate 9 ! l>g] edifice
 to s glaze 8 w9d[s z to fill ! place ) 
! m solemn & dignifi$ light suit$ to its
 great] size4 ,! *oir ( ! ca!dral       
provides an unusually complete &        
satisfy+ example ( ?is p]iod1 n only 9  
its girdle ( *apels1 b also above 9 !   
gorge\s r[ ( ?irte5 cl]e/ory w9d[s f :i*
 f]oci\s-look+ figures />e d[n ^u u f   
glitt]+ eyes lead$ into ,byzant9e faces4
 ,spl5did z !y are1 we feel t a little m
 light %\ld h be5 admitt$1 & ?is ?\ght  
mu/ also h /ruck ! glazi]1 because he   
resort$ to a trick 9 ! *oir *apels to   
bett] illum9e ! ea/]n "p ( ! /ructure4  
,if y w /ep into "o ( ^! *apels y w f9d 
t 9 mo/ ( !m he has sub/itut$ grisaille 
= ! m$allions 9 ! lancet on ei!r h&     
ne>e/ ! *oir4 ,:5 y /ood 9 ! *oir       
ambulatory1 ?is device escap$ y because 
! ar* :i* provides ! entrance to ! *apel
 conceals ^! two ne>e/ lancets4 ,!      
result ( ! trick is t two side-lights1  
prop]ly s(t5$ by ! grisaille1 are ?r[n  
into ! *apel4 ,if :ite panes _h be5 us$1

 !y w\ld h illum9at$ ! inn] side ( !    
m$allion panels1 ?us reveal+ _! ugly    
ma*9]y ( leads1 &1 worse /ill1          
effectually de/roy+ _! p[] to transmit a
 comb9ation ( col\r & gl[4 ,ample       
illum9ation has be5 furni%$ ?is ca!dral 
by its pi]c$ tri=ium & ! great expanse (
 its cl]e/ory1 b1 ?anks to ! rem>kably  
w>m tone ( ! glass1 we d n f9d x any:]e 
ov]light$4 ,ev5 ! lat] glass :i* adorns 
! nave & transepts & :i* we w discuss   
f>!r on1 is s unusually /rong 9 col\r t 
we avoid t %>pness ( contra/ betwe5     
?irte5? & fifte5? c5tury "w to be se5 at
 ,b\rges4 ,decid$ly1 ,/4 ,pi]re is "o ( 
! mo/ beautiful int]iors 9 ,france = !  
glass lov]1 & he %\ld n fail to see :at 
! be/ examples ( ! ,*ampagne s*ool has  
done = ?is *ur*1 ! *>m ( :i* lays hold  
^u him directly he ent]s x 7see page    
#bbb74   ,,*alons-,,sur-,,m>ne  ,c]ta9  
travell]s & mo/ t\ri/s ?9k !y c1 f /udy+
 maps & read+ books1 obta9 a v fair     
impression ( a t[n be=e !y visit x1 & t 
! *ief result ( _! visit w be to fill 9 

sundry local details4 ,if p ( t ilk     
desire to rema9 high 9 _! own e/imation1
 !y _h be/ omit ,*alons f _! travels4   
,let u assume t "o ( ^! a=esaid folk    
plans a visit to ,*alons4 ,he w probably
 beg9 by /udy+ ! map1 :i* %[s a city    
seem+ly drawn out along bo? sides ( a   
long1 /raight /reet4 ,8 practis$ m9d w  
conclude ?is ! prop] me?od to ent] ! t[n
 & t he c easily f9d 8 way ab\t4 ,/ep   
numb] two w be ! consultation (         
hi/ories4 ,"h he w fall ^u ! acc\nt ( ! 
great ,battle ( ,*alons1 9 :i* ,attila1 
! ,sc\rge ( ,god1 met 9 #dea 8 f9al     
*eck1 ! comb9$ army ( ,romans1 ,franks &
 ,visigo?s !re putt+ a bloody end to 8  
dream ( an anti-,*ri/ian empire erect$  
^u ! crumbl+ rema9s ( ! p[] t once 0    
,rome's4 ,anyone :o has notic$ h[       
surpris+ly few decisive victories h be5 
foll[$ by widespread or la/+ results mu/
 h rem>k$ t ! ,battle ( ,*alons /&s out 
prom95tly z an exception to ?is rule4 ,s
 mu* = :at ! maps & ! hi/ories h        
disclos$ to our exp]i5c$ t\ri/4 ,he is  

doom$ to a bitt] disappo9tm5t4 ,to-day 9
 ?is quiet little city ( yell[i%-grey   
h\ses he w f9d no?+ rem9isc5t ( t old-"t
 victory4 ,n only w 8 dip into hi/ory   
?us prove to h be5 9 va91 b :at is m1 ! 
/reet plan has giv5 him a v wrong idea (
 a really v pretty place4 ,! writ]      
himself well rememb]s h[ ! map misl$    
him4 ,he rem>k$ !reon ! long /raight    
/reet2 !re=e1 on em]g+ f ! railway      
/ation1 he proce$$ up ?is tiresome      
?or\ghf>e1 :i* he f\nd equipp$ ) ! usual
 prov9cial tram-l9e1 bo? try+ to tie !  
old] "p ( ! t[n to ! di/ant railway     
/ation t be>s its "n4 ,z a disappo9tm5t 
?is fir/ impression ( ,*alons 0 a       
pron\nc$ success6 ,don't fall into !    
same error4 ,?is 0 ! wrong way to ent] !
 t[n1 b !re is also a "r way1 especially
 = "o :o believes 9 fir/ impressions4   
,if y want to be 9 a mood to enjoy !    
glass1 bran* (f to ! "r :5 y rea* !     
canal 7:i* is n f> f ! /ation71 & y w   
come into a p>k call$ ! ,j>d1 "o ( !    
prettie/ comb9ations ( gre5 trees & wat]

 to be f\nd 9 any prov9cial ,fr5* city4 
,on a lat] visit ! writ] /umbl$ ^u ?is  
p>k1 ) ! result t in/ead ( a m5tal      
picture ( an ugly t[n built on bo? sides
 ( an ugly /reet1 he c>ri$ away         
pleasantly revis$ memories n only ( !   
*>m+ ,j>d1 b also ( sev]al little       
wat]-c\rses me&]+ ?r\gh ! t[n1 af=d+    
lovely vi/as e n[ & aga9 9 mo/ unexpect$
 ways4 ,x seems c]ta9 t ^! /reams feel  
equally bitt]ly ab\t ! ugly /reet1      
because z soon z !y come ne> x1 !y      
promptly hide _! heads & pass "u x1     
c>efully keep+ out ( sight 9 small      
tunnels4 ,wait until y see ! /reet1 & y 
won't blame ! /reams4 ,n[ t y h by means
 ( ! woody refre%m5t ( ! gre5 ,j>d      
purifi$ y\r p]ceptions f ! ta9t (       
railway dirt1 let u ent] ! ca!dral4 ,we 
%all f9d ! glass m int]e/+ & in/ructive 
?an impressive1 b to ?is g5]al          
obs]vation we mu/ make an exception on  
behalf ( ! ?irte5? c5tury w9d[s 9 !     
cl]e/ory beh9d & above ! alt>2 !y       
und5iably leave little to be desir$4 ,! 

blue ( _! backgr\nds comb9es excell5tly 
) ! tones ( ! figures4 ,9 "o ( ! panels 
:i* %[s ! ,crucifixion1 we c readily    
disc]n t ! b>s support+ x at ! back     
7call$ saddle b>s7 h be5 mov$ to "o side
 s z n to int]f]e ) ! two figures on    
ei!r side ( ! cross4 ,?is displacem5t ( 
! saddle b>s to leave undi/urb$ ! draw+ 
( an important p]sonage 0 q usual at t  
"t4 ,lat] on ! glazi] seem$ to h no     
objection to ! intrusion ( ! iron b>s1 j
 z he grew to disreg>d ! runn+ ( 8 leads
 across faces1 arms1 etc4 ,?is *ur* also
 boa/s ( a f9e rose w9d[ 9 ! nor?       
transept1 :i* is r5d]$ ev5 m effective  
by ! gall]y ( lancets b5ea? x4 ,!       
especial int]e/ ( ! ca!dral to a /ud5t (
 glass is und\bt$ly its grisaille w9d[s1
 "s pla9 & "s b&$ across by             
highly-col\r$ panels ( ! m$allion type4 
,?is latt] arrangem5t we f9d along !    
nor? wall ( ! nave1 :ile ^? conta9+     
grisaille alone are 9 ! tri=ium &       
cl]e/ory4 ,9 ! case ( ! b&$ ones we %all
 notice t x is only ! middle ?ird ( ea* 

:i* has ! highly-col\r$ panels1 all !   
re/ be+ grisaille1 d\btless = ! purpose 
( giv+ pl5ty ( light to ! nave4 ,al?\gh 
a mo/ int]e/+ arrangem5t1 ! effect is n 
t ( great beauty4 ,"s ( ! n>r[ tri=ium  
panels h a bord] ( pla9 grisaille       
surr\nd+ ! c5tral panel ( col\r "w 9 :i*
 !re are no figures2 ?is is q unusual4  
,a /udy ( ! use ( col\r ) grisaille 9 t 
c5tury is n complete )\t a visit to     
,*alons1 b ?is hav+ be5 said we mu/     
admit t not)/&+ ! spl5did panels 9 !    
*oir cl]e/ory & ! f9e rose w9d[ 9 ! nor?
 transept1 !re are sev]al m inspir+     
places = "o wi%+ to le>n h[ greatly     
?irte5? c5tury glass c beautify a       
religi\s int]ior4 ,"s ( ! f9e/ & mo/    
valuable twelf? & ?irte5? c5tury panels 
h be5 remov$ f ! ca!dral1 & are n[ !    
prop]ty ( ! ,musee des ,arts            
,decoratifs1 9 ,p>is4 ,un=tunately !y   
are n always on exhibition4 ,on ! s\?   
side ( ! nave is a f9e s]ies (          
,r5aissance w9d[s1 b ^!1 toge!r ) ! grey
 & gold figure panels ( ,/4 ,alp91 & !  

excell5t col\r$ ones ( ! f9e *ur* (     
,notre ,dame1 w be discuss$ 9 our       
sixte5? c5tury pilgrimages 7see page    
#bcc74   ,,rheims  ,royal ,rheims6 ,9   
?is title1 apt allit]ation's artful aid 
n only appeals to our e>1 b is also     
fully ju/ifi$ by hi/ory4 ,9 its spl5did 
ca!dral 7 cr[n$ almo/ all ! k+s (       
,france1 ! sacr$ oil us$ 9 ! c]emony    
hav+ be51 sai? ! old leg5d1 br\ght f    
heav5 by a dove = ! baptism 9 #dif (    
,clovis1 ,k+ ( ! ,franks1 & !reaft]     
pres]v$ 9 a sacr$ vessel lock$ away 9 ! 
tomb ( ,/4 ,remi4 ,because ( ?is hav+   
be5 = s _m ye>s1 nay c5turies1 ! place (
 royal consecration1 :at m appropriate  
decoration c\ld h be5 devis$ = ! great  
cl]e/ory embrasures ?an ! s]ies ( ! fir/
 ?irty-six k+s ( ,france1 ea* w9d[      
conta9+ 9 its l[] half ! ar*bi%op t     
consecrat$ ! k+ above him6 ,all ^!      
sev5ty-two figures are seat$1 because   
conv5tion dem&$ ?is if ! p]sonage       
repres5t$ 0 dead4 ,d[n ^u u f _! l(ty   
/ation ab\t ! nave cl]e/ory gleam ^!    

long r[s ( ! royalties & ecclesia/ical  
dignit>ies ( ,france1 a m>vell\s        
exemplification ( :at col\r 9 glass c   
accompli%4 ,an e*o+ gleam comes to u f !
 cl]e/ory ( ! *oir2 b !re ! figures are 
^? ( great bi%ops1 n only ( ,rheims1 b  
also ( o!r cities 9 its diocese1 l      
,laon1 ,soissons1 etc4 ,at fir/ ?\ght x 
may seem bad ,engli% to speak ( a gleam 
( light z an e*o ( ano!r gleam1 b be=e y
 criticise ! expression1 /& pati5tly =  
a:ile 9 ?is great h\se ( ,god1 look+ up 
at ^! spl5did w9d[s2 p]haps !re w at la/
 come ov] y a feel+ t 9 all ?is noble   
h>mony ( col\r1 ?is bl5d+ ( s(t tones1  
!re is--!re mu/ be--"s dim h>mony (     
music4 ,"o nev] receives ?is peculi>    
impression except f glass ( ! ?irte5?   
c5tury2 lat] glass lacks ! dep? &       
vibration ( tone1 ev5 ?\gh x ga9s add$  
brilliancy4 ,especially spl5did is !    
effect ( ! k+s dom9at+ ! nave bel[4 ,^? 
ne> ! transepts h a deep blue backgr\nd1
 :il/ a few close to ! we/ end h beh9d &
 ar\nd !m a s(t1 ri* r$4 ,!re is no o!r 

place :]e su* sombre dep? ( hue c be se5
 9 a cl]e/ory glaz$ dur+ ! ?irte5?      
c5tury4 ,at ,b\rges !y are magnific5t1 b
 _! beauty is ( a diff]5t & bright]     
sort4 ,"h at ,rheims1 al?\gh rais$ high 
9 ! air1 !y yield ! same dusky gl[ t    
else:]e we usually f9d 9 ! m$allion     
panels ( ! *oir *apels bel[4 ,s wond]ful
 are ! w9d[s above y t !re is a fair    
*ance t y w\ld h left ! ca!dral )\t     
notic+ t bel[ !re are no m$allion w9d[s 
at all2 9 fact1 t practically none ( its
 l[] panes are glaz$ 9 col\r4 ,?is is   
ow+ to ! almo/ incr$ible folly ( ! monks
 ( ,rheims :o1 9 ! ye>s #agci-fh1 remov$
 ! col\r$ glass f ! l[] embrasures to   
admit m light4 ,dur+ ! two ye>s foll[+  
,octob]1 #agee1 !y committ$ ! same act (
 v&alism 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,remi4 ,!       
ca!dral has ?ree f9e rose w9d[s1 ( :i* !
 we/]n "o ) its bright-hu$ gall]y ( k+s 
bel[ x is f> ! be/4 ,! nor? rose w9d[ is
 good1 al?\gh we miss ! qualities :i* ! 
nor? rose ( ,notre ,dame at ,p>is has   
taught u to expect4 ,! s\? rose conta9s 

glass ( ! sixte5? c5tury & !re=e seems  
pale & out ( place amid/ ! old] glories4
 ,! we/ rosace %\ld be se5 t[>d sunset s
 z to get ! rays ( ! sun pass+ directly 
?r\gh x4 ,e>li] 9 ! day x is almo/      
gloomy 9 tone4 ,!re has be5 mu*         
discussion z to ! int]pretation ( !     
figures 9 ! gall]y ( k+s bel[1 b n[ x   
seems settl$ t x repres5ts ! coronation 
( ! conv]t$ pagan ,clovis1 ,k+ ( !      
,franks4 ,! w9d[s ( ! transepts are     
glaz$ ) grisaille ( a v gre5i% tone &   
some:at d>k] ?an t g5]ally f\nd at ?is  
"t4 ,among !m we obs]ve "o ( ! s]ies (  
bi%ops :i* has app>5tly crept away f its
 fell[s 9 ! *oir & come ar\nd ! corn]   
into ! s\? transept4 ,al?\gh ! bi%op    
s]ies lacks1 to "s ext5t1 ! crude1 almo/
 savage glory ( ! nave's /]n array (    
k+s1 !y are m c>efully made4 ,z 9 ! k+  
w9d[s1 "h also we f9d an upp] & a l[] r[
 ( p]sonages1 b 9 addition1 a feature v 
mu* out ( ! ord9>y & :i* %\ld be rem>k$4
 ,in/ead ( plac+ two bi%ops bel[ to     
balance ! two above1 !re is b "o bi%op  

bel[ 9 ea* w9d[1 :ile ! space adjo9+ him
 is occupi$ by a fanciful repres5tation 
( 8 ca!dral4 ,!re is no attempt to      
accurately portray ! build+1 al?\gh !   
glass arti/ might z well h done s1 = he 
has gone to ! pa9s ( mak+ no two ( ^!   
little ca!dral pictures alike4 ,s       
m9utely has he gone into detail t ea*   
has a t9y rose w9d[ & ea* rose is m>k$ly
 diff]5t f ! o!rs4 ,! idea is a qua9t "o
 & %[s ! arti/ to h be5 f]tile 9 ideas4 
,s d>k are ! faces ( ! bi%ops z to make 
!m look 9 "o or two cases z ?\gh !y 7   
we>+ masks4 ,?is effect is height5$ by !
 fact t ! eyes are glaz$ 9 light] hues4 
,9 ! mid/ ( all ?is gorge\s & sp>kl+    
col\r1 :at a spl5did picture may we n   
conjure up ( ! sc5e on ! #ag? day (     
,july1 #adbi1 :5 ,*>les ,,vii1 l$ 9 by  
,joan ( ,arc1 _h "h ! k+ly cr[n plac$ ^u
 8 br[4 ,) :at va/ satisfaction mu/ !   
gr& old k+s h gleam$ & gl[$ 9 sombre    
delight t _! glori\s ca!dral 0 once m   
,fr5*1 once m fulfill+ its c5turies-old 
duty ( consecrat+ a ,fr5* k+1 &         

especially t all ?is _h be5 effect$ by a
 /aun* ,fr5* maid1 ?an :om patriotism   
has nev] _h a m wor?y exempl>4 ,x 0 b   
common ju/ice t dur+ ! act ( coronation 
( ! k+ to :om %e _h re/or$ n only a     
?rone1 b also a unit$ p1 %e /ood at !   
foot ( ! alt> hold+ al(t h] victori\s   
/&>d4 ,a *ronicl] ( ! "t truly said t   
hav+ %>$ 9 all ! h>d%ips %e ri*ly des]v$
 to %>e 9 ! hon\rs4  ,n only 9 ! ca!dral
 d we glass hunt]s f9d ju/ification = ! 
title ,royal ,rheims4 ,once m we %all   
see a r[ ( ,fr5* k+s1 ?is "t 9 ! small  
nave cl]e/ory lights ( ! old *ur* ( ,/4 
,remi4 ,9 mann] simil> to t employ$ at !
 ca!dral we also f9d bi%ops adorn+ !    
*oir cl]e/ory4 ,f9e z ^! two s]ies are1 
& valuable1 too 7because !y are e>li]71 
we mu/ confess t !y d n produce ! effect
 :i* ! wond]ful dep? ( col\r gave u at !
 ca!dral4 ,! *oir cl]e/ory embrasures   
are really too small to af=d room = !   
two r[s ( bi%ops "o above ! o!r4 ,! *oir
 *apel w9d[s are p>tly mod]n1 & p>tly   
old ) too mu* re/oration1 s t ! effect  

is n coh]5t4 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 rem>k a f9e
 ,crucifixion 9 ! middle ( ! ea/ end4 ,x
 is und\bt$ly twelf? c5tury &1 al?\gh   
te*nically well wor?y ( obs]vation1     
lacks ! beauty :i* we h a "r to expect f
 t p]iod4 ,! glass 9 ! l>ge1 r\nd       
,romanesque embrasures at ! we/ end1    
al?\gh copi$ on old models1 is mod]n & v
 ?9 9 col\r4 ,a c>eful look at ! nave   
cl]e/ory w reveal t 9 ord] to complete !
 set ( seat$ k+s a novel me?od 0 adopt$4
 ,_m ( ! orig9al panels 7 divid$ 9 two  
at ! middle1 ! upp] half be+ us$ 9 "o   
embrasure & ! l[] half 9 ano!r1 ! miss+ 
half 9 ea* case be+ suppli$ by mod]n    
glass made to imitate ! old4 ,?is reads 
z ?\gh ! effect w\ld be bad1 b on !     
contr>y1 x is fairly good &1 at all     
ev5ts1 ! designs are 9 accordance ) !   
orig9al draw+s4  ,besides its glass1    
,rheims has ano!r great attraction = !  
travell] 9 its weal? ( tape/ry4 ,a      
magnific5t s]ies ( t5 pres5t$ 9 #aecj by
 ,rob]t de ,l5onc\rt hangs 9 ! transepts
 ( ,/4 ,remi1 :il/ 9 ! ca!dral we %all  

f9d ar\nd ! nave walls ano!r s]ies (    
f\rte5 giv5 9 ! same ye> by ! same      
donor4 ,! ca!dral is also adorn$ ) o!r  
tape/ries :i*1 al?\gh p]haps n ( su*    
engross+ int]e/ z ! ,l5onc\rt s]ies1 are
 nev]!less treasures4 ,z glass view]s x 
is well to obs]ve t ! ri* decoration    
provid$ by ^! spl5did hang+s prev5ts u f
 notic+ ! o!rwise obnoxi\s gl>e f !     
uncol\r$ w9d[s j ov] !m4 ,we m5tion ?is 
"h because z betwe5 two int]e/+ glass   
t[ns "s ( our read]s might incl9e to "o 
:]e tape/ries c be se5 9 addition to !  
glass4 ,! ,ca!dral ( ,ang]s provides    
also ! same d\ble inducem5t4            
,,soissons  ,dur+ ! two t\rs j conclud$ 
we h visit$ all ! mo/ important         
treasure-h\ses ( ?irte5? c5tury glass4  
,!re is1 h[ev]1 a v agreeable second>y  
t\r4 ,reg>d$ z a glass pilgrimage1 x is 
n to be comp>$ ) ! two :i* we h f9i%$1 b
 ?is mu/ n be tak5 to mean t ! glass w n
 be wor? inspection4 ,besides1 mo/ ( !  
w9d[s to be se5 are ( ! p]iod1 ?us mak+ 
x an ess5tially ?irte5? c5tury          

pilgrimage4 ,to "o 9 :om ! love ( glass 
& devotion to ! g5tle sport ( automobil+
 is ab\t equal1 ?is trip w be mu* m     
attractive ?an ! la/ two4 ,! sc5]y ?r\gh
 :i* he w pass & ! hi/ory t w be recall$
 w add v mu* to ! *>m ( ?is it9]>y & x  
is !re=e p>ticul>ly recomm5d$ to !      
automobili/ & especially to !           
ex]cise-lov+ bicycli/4 ,! di/ances      
betwe5 ! t[ns are n great & ! l&scape is
 v>i$ & delightful4 ,beg9n+ ) ,soissons1
 our road lies ?r\gh ! picturesque      
m$iaeval /ronghold ( ,c\cy-le-,*ateau to
 ! high-p]*$ hill city ( ,laon1 !n ov] !
 pla9 at its foot to battleworn ,/4     
,qu5t91 & la/ly across ! roll+ c\ntry to
 ! spl5did ,ca!dral ( ,ami5s4 ,ami5s is 
on ! l9e ( ! ,p>is-,london expresses1 s 
we h excell5t tra9 s]vice back to ,p>is4
  ,we w let ! travell] f9d 8 way z be/  
he may f ,p>is to ,soissons & w jo9 him 
!re4 ,he w soon obs]ve t !re has dep>t$ 
f ,soissons ! anci5t glory :i* 0 h]s :5 
"u ,clovis1 ! great k+ ( ! ,franks1 %e  
became ! capital ( 8 /rong prov9ce (    

,neu/ria4 ,to-day we f9d a quiet        
prov9cial city ( only ab\t #ac1jjj      
inhabitants1 :]e ! *ief movem5t & life  
seems to c5tre 9 ! b>racks4 ,"o         
noticeable feature ( ! t[n is ! really  
f9e we/ front1 all t rema9s ( ! ,abbey (
 ,/4 ,jean-des-,vignes1 = n9e ye>s !    
home ( ! exil$ ,?omas a ,becket4 ,ev5 f 
its pres5t d5ud$ /ate ( desolate        
lonel9ess "o realises h[ spl5did !      
complete build+ mu/ h be51 & ! n[ empty 
& />+ rose w9d[ above ! c5tral portal   
makes u sigh = ! /a9$ glass t mu/ once h
 adorn$ t huge op5+4  ,soissons is "o ( 
! t[ns :i* b5efit$ by ! great love felt 
by ,/4 ,l\is & 8 "m1 ,blan*e ( ,ca/ile1 
= /a9$ glass4 ,! nor!rn rose ( ! ca!dral
 is a pro( ( _! b5efic5ce1 & is an      
excell5t example ( its type4 ,! c5tral  
pane is occupi$ by a figure ( ! ,virg9  
,m>y1 & circl+ r\nd h] are ! m$allion   
panels :i* are s mu* m satisfactory ?an 
! spokes-(-a-:eel treatm5t s popul> 9 ! 
next c5tury4 ,ar\nd ! outside ( !       
m$allions is a d\ble bord] ( panels     

conta9+ ! arms ( ! royal b5efactress1 a 
field ( r$ be>+ ! gold5 ca/les (        
,ca/ile4 ,z = ! re/ ( ! int]ior1 s mu* (
 its orig9al glaz+ has be5 de/roy$ t !  
effect ( gl[ is entirely dissipat$4 ,!  
nave has lo/ its col\r$ panels1 & only  
fragm5ts rema9 9 ! we/]n rose4 ,! l>ge  
lancets ab\t ! ea/ end ( ! *oir cl]e/ory
 are mo/ decorative1 & fur!r1 !y provide
 an opportunity ( te/+ our ability to   
judge glass4 ,at fir/ sight we are      
conv9c$ t !y are ( true ?irte5? c5tury  
mosaic "w1 & might cont9ue to ?9k s1 if 
!y 7 n betray$ by ! comp>ison af=d$ by !
 two g5u9e m$allion lancets j bel[ !m 9 
! ,lady ,*apel4 ,ev5 !n we may rema9    
undecid$1 :i* indecision is ju/ifi$ :5  
we le>n _! hi/ory4 ,!y 7 repair$ &      
re/or$ 9 #ahaf1 mu* ( ! old glass be+   
reta9$ & ! old designs c>efully foll[$4 
,?is expla9s n only :y !y lack ! dep? ( 
tone se5 9 ! complete m$allions bel[ !m1
 b also :y !y 7 s deceptive until ?is   
t\*/one ( comp>ison 0 appli$4 ,notice ! 
,adam & ,eve w9d[ to ! "r1 z ! design is

 v unusual4 ,9 ! six sc5es !re depict$1 
"o above ! o!r1 ,adam & ,eve are ( c\rse
 nude1 & appe> always %e on ! left side 
& he on ! "r ( ea* little sc5e1 ) "s o!r
 p]sonage or object betwe5 !m 9 !       
middle4 ,z a result we h a p]p5dicul>   
column ( ,eves on "o side & ( ,adams on 
! o!r1 ! light glass us$ to make ! fle% 
col\r =m+ a second>y bord] = ! w9d[4 ,! 
s\!rn transept is an ar*itectural freak1
 because in/ead ( a rose w9d[ x has a   
r\nd$ end l ! apse *apel g5]ally f\nd at
 ! ea/]n extremity ( a *ur*4 ,z a       
novelty x is agreeable1 b x deprives !  
glazi] ( "o ( 8 rose w9d[s4   ,,laon    
,^? proce$+ ^u ?is pilgrimage by        
automobile or bicycle1 w f9d a treat    
await+ !m betwe5 ,soissons & ,laon4 ,!  
road lies ?r\gh ,c\cy-le-,*ateau1 !     
impressive & well-pres]v$ ru9 ( a       
massive m$iaeval =tress4 ,! huge r\nd   
t[]s at its corn]s1 connect$ by walls   
?irty-five feet ?ick1 fr[n d[n f _!     
rocky p]* ^u a pleasant valley bel[4    
,snuggl$ up aga9/ ^! protect+ walls is !

 little t[n1 :i* we ent] by a n>r[      
gateway cr[d$ 9 betwe5 two great solemn 
t[]s4 ,on we g ?r\gh ! n>r[ old /reets &
 out ano!r well-def5d$ portal & (f on   
our j\rney4 ,:5 fir/ we espy ,laon we   
are f> (f on ! roll+ pla9 :i* surr\nds  
its base4 ,x looms high 9 ! air1 ! f\r  
t[]s ( its ca!dral pe]+ out above !     
encircl+ h\ses1 all seem+ to keep wat*  
ov] ! tir+ zigzags by means ( :i* ! road
 lazily climbs ! height4 ,a city built  
^u a hill always possesses a fasc9ation1
 m especially :5 x has a hi/ory z long &
 int]e/+ z ?is "o4 ,! l(ty situation    
makes ! t[n seem to hold itself alo( &  
l5ds x a c]ta9 pr\d my/]y :i* impels u  
to seek to "k m ( x--to p5etrate its    
res]ve4 ,laon is ev5 m picturesque &    
/rik+ ?an mo/ ,fr5* hill t[ns1 because !
 height ^u :i* x /&s rises abruptly f a 
great pla94 ,none ( ! height is lo/ &   
?us all ! beauty is sav$4 ,aft] obs]v+  
h[ remote x is ^u its long1 n>r[        
hilltop1 "o c well und]/& :y ! lat]     
,c>lov+ian k+s select$ ?is /ronghold =  

_! capital4 ,9 ^? e>ly times !re 0 no   
artill]y to endang] _! l(tily secure    
repose4 ,! ca!dral1 :i* is a really f9e 
"o1 pres5ts u ) "s ( ^? famili>ly qua9t 
t\*es t prove ,go?ic ar*itecture to h   
be5 s close to ! he>t ( its times4 ,p]*$
 al(t among ! op5 spaces t int]p5etrate 
its light t[]s1 are life-size /atues (  
ox51 9 k9dly memory ( ! bea/s ( burd5 t 
haul$ up f ! pla9 bel[ ! great /ones us$
 9 ! build+4 ,)9 ! ca!dral1 al?\gh !re  
is b little glass1 x is all ( ?is p]iod 
&1 besides1 is s gr\p$ z to d itself !  
greate/ cr$it possible4 ,all we %all f9d
 is a rose fill$ ) m$allions 9 ! nor?   
transept & ano!r & f> f9] "o 9 ! squ>e  
ea/]n end1 bel[ :i* are rang$ ?ree      
gorge\s lancets ( impos+ dim5sions4 ,!  
nor!rn rose conta9s sc5es repres5t+ !   
sci5ces z und]/ood & practis$ 9 !       
?irte5? c5tury4 ,"o's memory ( ?is rose 
is blue ) h9ts ( gre51 :ile ( ! ea/]n   
s]ies x is r$di% purple4 ,! c5tre ( !   
spl5did ea/]n rose is occupi$ by a      
figure ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y betwe5 ,john !   

,bapti/ & ,isaiah1 & ar\nd ?is gr\p are 
two circles ( m$allions1 ! inn] "o (    
twelve conta9+ ! ,apo/les1 & ! out]1 (  
tw5ty-f\r1 ! ,eld]s ( ! ,apocalypse4    
,?is conc5tration ( all ! old glass 9 ^!
 two qu>t]s has ! satisfactory result t 
anyone /&+ at ! cross+ & look+ ei!r into
 ! nor? transept or into ! *oir1 sees   
no?+ b ! spl5did ri*ness ( mosaic       
m$allions1 & is n di/ract$ by ! sight ( 
any o!r /yle ( glaz+4 ,! plac+ ( ?is f9e
 glass m ?an comp5sates = its limit$    
am\nt4 ,aft] ?is sweep+ praise1 we may  
indulge ourselves 9 "o mild criticism3 !
 glass 9 ! ea/ end w\ld seem ri*] /ill  
if x 7 n s mu* illum9at$ f )9 by ! :ite 
glaz$ w9d[s along ! sides ( ! *oir4 ,if 
?is 7 ton$ d[n1 ev5 by mod]n glass1 x   
w\ld cause a decid$ improvem5t4 ,at ,/4 
,qu5t91 we are m ?an reconcil$ to !     
pres5ce ( mod]n glass 9 ! *apels ar\nd !
 *oir1 because x s modifies ! light z to
 p]mit ! ?irte5? c5tury panels 9 ! *oir 
cl]e/ory to sp>kle & gleam z !y %\ld4 ,!
 nor? rose at ,laon is ( r>e            

con/ruction2 ! /one framework is s      
cumb]some1 & ! am\nt ( glaz$ surface s  
mode/1 z to almo/ de/roy ! appe>ance ( a
 rosace1 & to sub/itute !re= t ( a s]ies
 ( holes let into a wall4 ,also notice t
 ! ea/ rose is glaz$ flu% ) ! /onework1 
?us pres5t+ a level surface on ! inside1
 :ile j bel[1 9 m>k$ contra/1 ! ?ree    
lancets are deeply recess$ )94 ,?is     
me?od ( con/ruct+ a rose is unusual2    
ano!r example is ! we/ rose at ,mantes4 
,! squ>e ea/]n end1 in/ead ( ! usual    
r\nd$ apse1 is believ$ to be "o ( ! _m  
results se5 ?r\gh\t ?is diocese ( !     
influ5ce ex]t$ by a twelf? c5tury       
,engli% bi%op4 ,:atev] ! reason = ?is   
squ>e apse1 x admirably suits ! re/ ( ! 
edifice4   ,illu/ration3 #ac,,? ,,c5tury
 ,,rose ,,& ,,lancets1 ,,laon4          
,m$allions are admirably suit$ to r\nd$ 
ap]tures 9 ,rose1      & assi/ 9 produc+
 effect ( huge blossom2 lat] ! l9es     
radiat$ m f ! c5tre & t5d$ t[>d a :eel  
effect4  ,be=e leav+ ?is delightful     
hilltop1 we mu/ n fail to take a /roll  

ar\nd ! b\lev>ds :i* h be5 con/ruct$ ^u 
! ov]turn$ walls4 ,! views f ?is        
prom5ade out ov] ! great pla9 bel[ l+]  
long 9 "o's memory4   ,,/4 ,,qu5t9  ,a  
few miles f ,madrid lies ! fam\s palace 
( ! ,escorial1 built ^u a gr\nd plan    
foll[+ z closely z possible ! %ape ( a  
gridiron4 ,x 0 erect$ by ,k+ ,philip    
,,ii 9 pi\s memory ( 8 fam\s victory at 
,/4 ,qu5t9 on ,/4 ,lawr5ce's ,day1      
#aeeg4 ,/4 ,lawr5ce a*iev$ m>tyrdom by  
be+ roa/$ alive on a gridiron1 h5ce !   
selection ( t humble ut5sil z a design =
 ! royal ?ank-(f]+4 ,!re are few m      
int]e/+ monum5ts to commemorate a       
victory1 & "o w\ld h>dly expect to he> t
 a battle won 9 nor!rn ,france is       
commemorat$ by a palace f> to ! s\?     
across ! ,pyr5ees4 ,_m a "t 9 hi/ory did
 ,/4 ,qu5t9 make h]self fam\s by h] /\t 
def5ces1 b none ev] won h] s mu* fame z 
?is defeat :i*1 by delay+ ! ,spani%     
=ces1 enabl$ ! ,fr5* armies to assemble 
beh9d h] & save ,p>is4 ,x 0 a great     
victory = ,philip1 b x co/ him !        

possession ( ! ,fr5* capital4  ,z we    
/ood ^u ! l(ty heights at ,laon1 we     
look$ f> out ov] a wide pla91 across    
:i*1 =ty-five kilometres to ! nor?we/1  
lies ,/4 ,qu5t94 ,! quiet /reets ( ?is  
well-to-d city af=d little to rem9d u ( 
! m$iaeval /rife t s (t5 rag$ ?r\gh !m4 
,we he> no s\nds t recall to u ! angry  
noises ( besieg]s )\t1 :i* s (t5 c>ri$  
dismay to ! /\t he>ts ( its burgh]s4    
,unlike ,laon1 its situation & its      
build+s n[ pres5t little to recall !    
picture ( ! pa/4 ,! huge b>n-l ext]ior (
 its great *ur* is q diff]5t f ^? we h  
be5 see+4 ,ev5 its triple-ti]$ fly+     
buttresses h s %ort a span z to entirely
 miss ! decorat+ possibilities :i* we h 
a "r to expect4 ,x lacks ! lightness &  
grace ( ! true ,go?ic2 9 fact1 to tell !
 tru?1 x looms up big & bulky1 m l an   
,italian *ur* ?an ! beautiful ,fr5*     
ones4 ,b :5 we h once pass$ inside1 we  
are provid$ ) a mo/ agreeable surprise1 
= x is mu* m attractive ?an _m ^:       
ext]nal promise has be5 great]4 ,!re are

 two sets ( transepts1 "o beyond ! o!r1 
:i* unusual feature n only enhances !   
*>m ( ! int]ior1 b also causes its      
beauty to reveal itself 9 a m leisurely 
fa%ion4 ,b to ! glass6 ,9 ! *oir        
cl]e/ory are sev5 d\ble w9d[s1 ( :i* !  
lancets ea* hold two great dignit>ies1  
"o above ! o!r4 ,! small rosaces above1 
:i* s]ve to tie toge!r ^! pairs (       
lancets1 are v pleas+1 nor %\ld we fail 
to note ! h&some wide bord]s ( ! lancets
 !mselves1 pl5tifully bespr9kl$ ) fleur 
de lis4 ,we mu/ p>ticul>ly appreciate ! 
s]vice p]=m$ by ! mod]n glass ar\nd !   
*oir *apels 9 s subdu+ ! light z to     
p]mit ^! spl5did lancets to receive all 
_! illum9ation f )\t & !re=e to         
disclose1 undim9i%$ 9 any way1 t w>m gl[
 t makes !m s delightful4 ,! hide\s     
poly*rome pa9t+ ( ! int]ior also assi/s 
9 ?is fruitful modification ( ! light1 b
 ?is is ! only possible apology = its   
pres5ce6 ,! olde/ glass "h is t :i*     
fills ! two side w9d[s ( ! ,lady ,*apel4
 ,ea* has tw5ty m$allions1 ^? on ! left 

%[+ ,old ,te/am5t sc5es1 & ^? on ! "r1  
episodes f ! life ( ! ,virg94 ,"o ( !   
l>ge transepts has a mod]ately-siz$ rose
 w9d[ :i* does n z usual conta9 figures1
 b1 in/ead1 is fill$ ) designs 9 col\r4 
,! abs5ce ( ! figures does n spoil !    
effect2 9 fact1 ! /ory depict$ 9 glass (
 ?is p]iod is no?+ l s important z !    
col\r s*eme4 ,! details ( ! leg5d are   
g5]ally elaborately work$ out1 (t5 9    
qua9t episodes1 b ^u ?is ! beauty ( !   
w9d[ does n dep5d4 ,inde$1 x is n until 
we are at su* a di/ance t we c no long] 
di/+ui% ! little figures t ! *>m ( !    
glass beg9s to lay hold ^u u4 ,! reason 
we d n f9d m ?irte5? c5tury panels "h is
 because ! old] "p ( ! *ur* 0           
recon/ruct$ dur+ ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xi4  
,fur!rmore1 :5 we consid] ! _m sieges to
 :i* ! t[n has be5 subject$1 z well z ! 
great fire ( ,octob] #ad1 #affi1 x seems
 /range t ev5 ?is mu* ( s fragile a     
treasure has surviv$4 ,9 ?is connection 
x is int]e/+ to le>n t 9 #aeeg1 ,philip 
,,ii in/ruct$ 8 artill]y to avoid hitt+ 

! great *ur*4 ,?is v appreciation ( art 
& respect = religion p]haps expla9s :y1 
z soon z he _h captur$ ! city1 he s     
promptly confiscat$ ! *ur*'s gorge\s    
tape/ries to be us$ lat] 9 decorat+ !   
,escorial6 ,9 #agff an attempt 0 made to
 negotiate = !m s t !y c\ld be re/or$ to
 _! orig9al home1 b ! ,spani>ds repli$ t
 !y c\ld n "p ) s glori\s a trophy4 ,nor
 0 ! ravag+ h& ( ! w>rior ! only ho/ile 
=ce to :i* ! un=tunate edifice 0        
subject$4 ,janu>y #be1 #aegb1 dur+ a    
tempe/1 "o ( ! great *oir w9d[s 0 bl[n  
91 & on ,ea/] ,day1 #aehb1 ! same fate  
befell ! great w9d[ ( ! fir/ nor!rn     
transept1 ?is "t ) fatal results1 = 9   
fall+ x kill$ f\r prie/s4 ,! old glass 9
 ! nave cl]e/ory 0 remov$ by ! monks 9  
#agdg to secure m light1 :i* =m (       
v&alism 01 un=tunately1 only too common4
 ,we mu/ n leave )\t comm5t+ ^u :at a   
delightful monum5t ( fifte5? c5tury     
,go?ic is af=d$ by ! s\? end ( ! ea/]ly 
transepts4 ,bel[ is a *apel %ut 9 by a  
light /one scre5 ( admirable design2    

above x ! /ret* ( wall is reliev$ )     
gracefully c>v$ patt]ns1 :ile high] /ill
 appe> f\r l>ge lancets surm\nt$ by a   
rosace1 all excell5tly glaz$4 ,! lancets
 h ri*ly col\r$ s+le figures bel[       
canopies ( su* size t _! p9nacles occupy
 m ?an half ! height ( ! embrasures4 ,! 
only criticism possible ( ! o!rwise     
satisfactory adju/m5t ( ! v>i\s portions
 ( ?is s\? wall is t ! rose is too high 
up & too small to balance ! spl5did     
lancets bel[ x4 ,( sixte5? c5tury glass 
!re are two f9e examples 9 ! nor? end ( 
?is same pair ( transepts1 b we w       
po/pone fur!r ref]5ce to !m until lat]  
on 7see page #bfi74  ,be=e leav+ ! t[n1 
"o %\ld visit ! ,salle ,syndicale 9 !   
,hotel de ,ville 9 ord] to see ! f9e    
,francois ,premi] fireplace1 & ! d\ble  
ar*$ ceil+ ) its qua9t corbels4 ,! w9d[s
 ( ?is room =m]ly conta9$ a long s]ies (
 sixte5? c5tury sc5es f ! life & lab\rs 
( ,h]cules1 b a ,prussian %ell de/roy$  
all b five ( !m4  ,:5 he leaves ,/4     
,qu5t91 b\nd = ,ami5s1 ! travell] by    

railway is q z well (f z ! automobili/  
or ! bicycli/4 ,up to ?is /age ( our    
j\rney ! two latt] h _h a decid$        
advantage1 b n[ ! c\ntry has less       
attractions to (f] & ! road is "o ( ^?  
/raight ,r\tes ,nationales ^: only      
apology = _! monotony is t !y save      
di/ance4   ,,ami5s  ,at ,ami5s !re is n 
mu* glass1 & yet ! /ud5t w n h wa/$ 8   
"t1 = he w !re see "o ( ! f9e/ ca!drals 
9 ,europe1 & w fur!rmore be able to note
 :at ! lack ( col\r$ glass means1 9 ?is 
way le>n+ to value x ev5 m highly ?an   
be=e4 ,if a visit to ?is great *ur*     
r5d]s u no o!r s]vice ?an ?is1 we %all  
all agree t x is no small "o4 ,we %all  
nev] aga9 "q t a magnific5t             
ecclesia/ical int]ior is n only va/ly   
improv$1 b actually ne$s its light      
temp]$ by /a9$ glass4 ,our pilgrim has  
long ere ?is le>nt t he _c always rely  
on guide-books to tell him :e!r or n f9e
 w9d[s are to be f\nd 9 c]ta9 t[ns1 &   
!re=e we may s]ve a useful purpose &    
save "s read] a disappo9t+ trip by sett+

 out ! facts4 ,! ca!dral owes its *ief  
beauty to ! extraord9>y detail & am\nt (
 sculpture to be f\nd )\t & )94 ,s      
complete are ! scriptural ev5ts *ronicl$
 ^u its we/ front t ,rusk9 has giv5 x ! 
title ( ! ,bible 9 ,/one4 ,nor are !    
c>v+s :i* are to be f\nd inside 9 any   
way inf]ior to ^? :i* fasc9ate u )\t4 ,!
 /one scre5 :i* runs ar\nd ! ambulatory 
w\ld alone repay mu* /udy1 b ! mo/      
notable display ( ! c>v]'s art is !     
little army ( ne>ly f\r ?\s& figures ^u 
! *oir /alls4 ,not)/&+ ?is weal? (      
sculpture1 we are /ruck by ! b>5ess ( ! 
l(ty int]ior4 ,we long = a t\* ( my/]y &
 _c b feel t 9 ! gl>e ( light /ream+    
?r\gh ! imm5sely tall uncol\r$ w9d[s    
ev]y?+ is too cle>ly reveal$ & !re is   
lack+ ! s(tness :i* w\ld add s mu* to ! 
beauty ( ! c>v+s4 ,:at a *ange !re w\ld 
be = ! bett] if we c\ld wave a w& & by  
"s fairy p[] w back into ! w9d[s _!     
anci5t glories4 ,ev]y?+ is too /ately & 
cold1 too %>ply outl9$2 9 fact1 f> too  
mu* d5ud$ ( ! my/]i\s *>m1 ! awe-inspir+

 gloom :i* lays hold ^u u at ,*>tres or 
,b\rges4  ,al?\gh b little ( its glass  
has surviv$1 x is almo/ all ( ! ?irte5? 
c5tury1 & "s is v good4 ,9 "o ( ! *oir  
*apels to ! left is an int]e/+ ,tree (  
,jesse 9 ! m$allion /yle4 ,! left w9d[ (
 ! ea/]nmo/ *apel has a *>m+ blue       
backgr\nd & a novel use ( small :ite    
birds 9 its bord]4 ,above u 9 ! ea/]nmo/
 w9d[ ( ! cl]e/ory 7! only "o 9 !       
cl]e/ory t has surviv$ intact7 ano!r    
unique feature cat*es ! eye--its f\r    
sl5d] lancets conta9 "s v decorative    
lett]+ introduc$ into ! design4 ,?is    
lett]+ is glaz$ 9 :ite on a blue        
backgr\nd & its leg5d :5 deciph]$ sets  
out t ^? ?ree w9d[s 7 giv5 by ,b]n>d    
d',abbeville1 ,bi%op ( ,ami5s1 9 ! ye>  
#abfi4 ,9 contra/ to ^! meagre rema9s ( 
glass1 !re are also to be se5 ?ree f9e  
rose w9d[s :i* are completely glaz$4 ,!y
 all h qua9t names1 t 9 ! we/ facade be+
 call$ ! ,rose ( ! ,sea2 t 9 ! nor? !   
,rose ( ! ,w9ds2 t 9 ! s\? ! ,rose (    
,heav54 ,?is poetic & qua9tly famili>   

me?od ( nam+ w9d[s is n unkn[n else:]e2 
x is also f\nd at ,*>tres4 ,! huge we/]n
 rose1 ?irty-eight feet 9 diamet]1      
al?\gh dat+ f #abda1 has lo/ its orig9al
 glass & 0 reglaz$ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4  
,!re are no figures 9 ! nor? rose1 b    
in/ead a mosaic ( col\r2 we h notic$ a  
simil> arrangem5t at ,/4 ,qu5t94 ,9 !   
s\? rose1 r$ pr$om9ates1 b ) x !re is   
also consid]able gre54 ,if ! read]      
decides to visit ,ami5s1 not)/&+ ! small
 am\nt ( glass to be se5 !re1 he w      
surely conclude t ! day has n be5 wa/$1 
= he w n leave t spl5did int]ior )\t a  
tru] appreciation ( ! great s]vice :i* !
 glass arti/ r5d]$ to ! ar*itect1 z well
 z a sigh = ! fragile beauty :i* is no  
long] !re4     ,,f\rte5? ,,& ,,fifte5?  
,,c5turies   ,n[h]e 9 art c !re be f\nd 
s abrupt a *ange ( /yle z t :i* m>ks 9  
/a9$ glass ! arrival ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4
 ,s noticeable is ! diff]5ce betwe5 !   
w9d[s ( ! ?irte5? & ^? ( ! f\rte5?      
c5turies t x c be se5 at a glance4 ,n   
only 7 ! new /yles v di/9ctive1 b !y 7  

also v endur+1 = ev5 :5 ! fifte5? c5tury
 arriv$ x did little b elaborate ! ideas
 introduc$ by ! f\rte5?1 & = t reason we
 %\ld consid] !m toge!r z =m+ "o epo*4  
,! new results :i* we n[ f9d are n only 
9 effect1 b also 9 light & 9 plac+ (    
figures4 ,?is trans=mation took place )9
 a few ye>s & 01 !re=e1 z sudd5 9 po9t (
 "t z x 0 9 treatm5t1 :i* latt] is s    
m>k$ t x excites our curiosity z to its 
causes4 ,x is safe to assume t we h "h  
happ5$ ^u n only "o novelty b a         
co9cid5ce ( sev]al1 z o!rwise ! *ange   
w\ld h be5 mu* less abrupt4 ,mo/ ( ! new
 elem5ts :i* 9 comb9ation s sudd5ly     
produc$ su* a sweep+ *ange c be /udi$ f 
! glass :i* has surviv$ to ^! mod]n     
days1 b ( "o we c n[ only read3 ?is 0 ! 
dem& = dome/ic glass1 & un=tunately b   
few examples ( x are left to u4 ,! old  
*ronicl]s tell u ( _m private h\ses &   
build+s devot$ to civil uses hav+ _!    
w9d[s glaz$ 9 col\r1 a =m ( luxury      
hi!rto f\nd only 9 religi\s edifices4   
,we "k t x !n began to be widely us$1   

especially 9 ,p>is1 b x did n survive ! 
turbul5ce ( ^? times4 ,! effect ( ?is   
novel use on glass /yles 0 v m>k$4      
,obvi\sly x 0 n practicable to employ ! 
same sort ( glass 9 ! small] rooms ( a  
dwell+ h\se t we h se5 s effective 9 !  
l>g] int]iors ( religi\s edifices4 ,we  
notice t beautiful z is ! ?irte5? c5tury
 ,/e4 ,*apelle1 its dim religi\s light  
is unsuit$ = any build+ devot$ to secul>
 uses4 ,no1 ! m$allion w9d[ ) its       
deep-ton$ panes & pr(usion ( leads w\ld 
n s]ve = civil or dome/ic purposes1 nor1
 on ! o!r h&1 c\ld we br+ d[n ! big     
p]sonages f ! cl]e/ories ( ca!drals2 !y 
7 mo/ impressive :5 se5 f ! di/ance :i* 
_! l(ty situation necessitat$1 b !y 7   
mu* too crude & co>se 9 _! workman%ip to
 be l[]$ to ! level ( ! obs]v]'s eye4 ,=
 ?is new dem& ( dome/ic ar*itecture x 0 
obvi\s t some?+ mu/ be devis$ :i* w\ld  
give m light4 ,"o me?od ( effect+ x 0   
us+ col\r$ figures on a s(t grisaille   
backgr\nd1 b ?is has only to be se5 to  
be f\nd unsatisfactory4 ,"s examples (  

?is exi/ 9 ! nor? side ( ,/e4 ,radegonde
 at ,poiti]s4 ,!y are int]e/+1 b !      
figures />t out f ! light backgr\nd s   
viol5tly z to pla9ly make !m unsuitable 
9 small int]iors4 ,pla9 grisaille 0 n   
ri* en\gh to be us$ 9 a f9e private     
h\se4 ,z a compromise betwe5 ^! two     
me?ods !y arriv$ at ! use ( a bord] (   
greyi% simulat$ ,go?ic ar*itecture to   
frame ! c5tral col\r$ figure ( a w9d[4  
,9 ?is way ! bord] admitt$ ! light & !  
figure gave ! ri*ness2 ^! ,go?ic frames 
7 call$ canopies4 ,b :y a frame (       
ar*itecture8 ,! int]e/ 9 ,go?ic _h by   
?is "t spread ?r\gh\t ! fair l& (       
,france4 ,_m beautiful examples ( x _h j
 come into be+ be=e p's eyes--x 0 !     
delight ( all4 ,x 0 b natural t ?is     
noble /yle1 /ill "y1 %\ld be introduc$  
by ! glazi]1 especially z x l5t itself  
to ! dem& = m light4 ,besides1 9 k (    
,go?ic1 ! glass arti/ 0 second only to !
 ar*itect1 z ! w9d[s 7 made to suit !   
*ur*1 n ! *ur* ! w9d[s4 ,?is obs]vation 
^u ! relation ( ! glazi] to ! ar*itect  

br+s u to ano!r reason = ! abrupt *ange 
9 /a9$ glass1 & ( ?is we c to-day       
readily f9d examples4 ,we h said t !    
arti/ _h to make 8 glass to suit ! w9d[ 
ap]tures4 ,ab\t t "t ! ar*itect 0 *ang+ 
_! %ape4 ,in/ead ( be+ broad & s+le     
w9d[s !y 7 n[ m num]\s b n>r[] & tall]1 
& 7 br\ght toge!r 9 gr\ps ( two or m1   
sep>at$ only by /one mullions4 ,above   
?is clu/] ( n>r[ lancets & 9 ord] to    
tap] !m (f gracefully1 7 plac$ small]   
op5+s call$ trac]y lights4 ,)\t ?is     
tap]+ at ! top1 ! gr\p bel[ w\ld look   
unf9i%$ & ill-proportion$4 ,! few1 ?\gh 
wide w9d[s us$ dur+ ! ?irte5? c5tury 7  
f\nd to give too little light1 &1       
besides1 7 n z decorative z ! ,go?ic    
ar*itect dem&$ = 8 m elaborate /yle4    
,?is new p]iod 9 ar*itecture is call$   
,decorat$1 :i* "n has also prop]ly be5  
appli$ to its glass4 ,! ar*itect n only 
did ev]y?+ 9 8 p[] to ga9 m light by    
provid+ _m m wall ap]tures1 b d\btless  
he also insi/$ t ! glazi] assi/ 9 ?is   
endeav\r4 ,we h j se5 t ! latt] compli$ 

) ?is reque/ by surr\nd+ 8 col\r$       
figures ) light-admitt+ ar*itectural    
frames ( greyi%-yell[4 ,nor did he /op  
!re3 he help$ ! ar*itect to b9d toge!r m
 h>moni\sly 8 gr\ps ( n>r[ lights into  
:i* ! :ole w9d[ 0 n[ split up1 = he     
realis$ t horizontal b&s ( light col\r  
plac$ /raight across ^! n>r[ lights w\ld
 effect ?is purpose4 ,! sl5d] /one      
mullions :i* divid$ !m %[$ too _m       
p]p5dicul> l9es & t5d$ to make ! w9d[s  
seem sp9dl+1 b ?is 0 correct$ by ! broad
 b&s ( light af=d$ by ! grey & yell[    
canopy tops runn+ along ov] ! heads ( ! 
sa9ts occupy+ ! tall n>r[ panes4 ,p]haps
 ! read] is already ask+ :5ce ! arti/   
obta9$ s mu* grey & yell[1 because      
?irte5? c5tury glass leaves r a /rong   
purple memory beh9d x4 ,to answ] ?is "q 
is to br+ =w>d ano!r new ?+ & "o :i*    
also _h a l>ge %>e 9 abruptly *ang+ !   
/yles4 ,ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury
 x 0 discov]$ t if silv] 7 float$ ^u !  
surface ( glass & !n expos$ to !        
furnace1 ! result w\ld be a bright yell[

 /a94 ,! ^w /a9 is us$ advis$ly1 because
 by ?is me?od ! surface receiv$ a       
durable col\r n removable l pa9t4 ,we h 
already se5 t pot-metal col\r 0         
introduc$ ?r\gh\t ! mass dur+ ! "t ( !  
mak+ ( ! glass & 0 !re=e "p ( x f !     
beg9n+4 ,?is new /a9 0 n appli$ until   
aft] ! glass 0 made1 & no o!r t9t b     
yell[ c\ld be produc$ 9 ?is way4 ,!     
discov]y ( ?is valuable secret has be5  
v>i\sly rec\nt$1 b always ! cr$it is    
giv5 to bl9d *ance1 "s silv] happ5+ to  
drip ^u glass :i*1 :5 burnt1 disclos$ to
 ! surpris$ workman ! new & beautiful   
yell[4 ,its great value 9 admitt+ light 
z well z 9 enri*+ ! tones ( a w9d[ 0 at 
once appreciat$4 ,no long] 0 x necess>y 
to labori\sly lead 9 a bit ( yell[      
pot-metal glass :]e t hue 0 dem&$ by !  
design4 ,n[ all t 0 done 0 to float a   
little silv] ^u a l>ge piece ( glass at 
! po9t or po9ts requir$1 expose x to !  
fire1 & behold6 a t9t t made glori\s !  
hair ( angels1 or ! robes ( sa9ts & high
 dignit>ies4 ,t\*es ( ?is ri* col\r also

 made possible ar*itectural frames :i*  
w\ld o!rwise h seem$ dull1 flat &       
opaquely grey4 ,ea* little p9nacle c\ld 
be bright5$ up1 l9es ( yell[ w\ld enliv5
 columns & ! canopy w9d[ 9 its light s(t
 beauty 0 made practicable4             
,illu/ration3 #ae,,? ,,c5tury ,,canopy  
,,w9d[1 ,,/4 ,,lo4      ,"n giv5 because
 ( ,go?ic canopy us$ to frame ! col\r$  
figures4 ,! pale grey glass 9 ! canopy  
portion admitt$ mu*      m light ?an !  
e>li] w9d[s ri*ly col\r$ ?r\gh\t4       
,note ! mode/ly drawn donors 9 ! l[e/   
panels4       #ad? c5tury canopies      
seldom fill$ ! :ole embrasure1          
appe>+ only 9 b&s across a grisaille    
field2 besides1 _!      ar*itecture 0   
mu* crud]1 !y lack$ p$e/als1 etc4  ,x is
 an un=tunate fact t ! be/ glass ( ?is  
p]iod is n to be se5 9 ,p>is1 al?\gh we 
c get a fair idea ( its effect f !      
fifte5? c5tury canopi$ figures 9 !      
cl]e/ory ( ,/4 ,sev]94 ,a few ( ^? at ! 
we/ end ( ?is *ur* are at once se5 to   
diff] 9 _! design f ! o!rs1 al?\gh all  

are ( ! true canopy type4 ,^! few to !  
we/ 7 br\ght f _! orig9al place 9 ! *oir
 ( ,/4 ,g]ma9 des ,pres4 ,at ,/4 ,sev]9 
we %all note sev]al po9ts :i* s]ve to   
di/+ui% ! canopies ( ! fifte5? c5tury f 
! e>li] ones ( ! f\rte5?4 ,! diff]5ce is
 *iefly 9 ! use ( m col\rs 9 ! lat]     
figures1 z well z m c>eful ar*itectural 
detail 9 _! canopies4 ,fur!r1 to make 8 
w9d[s light] 9 tone1 ! ,fr5* glazi] ( ! 
f\rte5? c5tury g5]ally us$ b&s (        
canopies only across ! middle ?ird ( !  
surface1 fill+ ! upp]mo/ & l[e/ ?irds ) 
grisaille4 ,! fifte5? c5tury canopies   
almo/ inv>iably fill$ ! entire          
embrasure4 ,frequ5tly dur+ ! f\rte5?    
c5tury ! arti/ 0 n cont5t ) ! light     
admitt$ by 8 canopies1 b add$ to x by   
us+ :ite = "o or m ( ! sa9ts' robes4    
,?is practice s r$uc$ ! numb] ( col\rs 9
 ! backgr\nd & ! g>m5ts t we seldom f9d 
m ?an two col\rs )9 ! ni*es ( f\rte5?   
c5tury canopies1 :ile 9 ! fifte5? c5tury
 we almo/ always f9d f\r4 ,!n1 too1 !re 
is an add$ feature ( decoration 9 ! lat]

 ones :i* is g5]ally lack+ e>li]3 across
 ! back ( ! ni*e a col\r$ curta9 is     
c>ri$ %\ld] high beh9d ! figure1 & ?is  
curta9 is almo/ always damask$4 ,?is c  
be rem>k$ at ,/4 ,sev]91 :]e we %all    
also see t all ! figures /& ^u elaborate
 p$e/als1 ano!r sign t we are look+ at  
"w ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 = 9 ! f\rte5? !y 
w\ld h lack$ p$e/als & be f\nd /&+ ^u   
grass or "s o!r natural & un>*itectural 
base4 ,! arti/ 0 s c>eful to cl+ closely
 to contempor>y conv5tions t sometimes  
we happ5 ^u v amus+ compromises4 ,=     
example1 "h tradition dem&$ p$e/als1 s  
!re !y are1 ev5 ?\gh he _h to make ! r  
ridicul\s comb9ation ( a figure /&+ ^u a
 half-circle ( cl\d neatly balanc$ ^u ! 
p$e/al's tessellat$ pavem5t4 ,!         
conv5tions dem&$ ! little pavem5t1 !    
design requir$ ! cl\ds1 s he gave u bo?6
 ,9 ^! days :5 we are s occupi$ 9 copy+ 
old] art1 x is int]e/+ to see traces ( a
 "t :5 !y jeal\sly clung to ! /yles &   
=ms :i* 7 !n new4  ,a brilliant yell[ 0 
! only t9t obta9able by ! process (     

/a9+1 b x is also true t o!r new col\rs 
7 secur$1 al?\gh by means ( an entirely 
diff]5t discov]y :i*1 ( itself1 provid$ 
yet ano!r new ?+ to comb9e ) ^? already 
enum]at$ 9 *ang+ glass me?ods4 ,?is     
discov]y took place e>ly 9 ! f\rte5?    
c5tury & made x possible to sup]impose  
ano!r col\r ^u :ite or col\r$ glass4 ,! 
me?od ( produc+ ?is effect 0 v simple3 !
 end ( ! bl[pipe 0 dipp$ fir/ into      
liquid glass ( "o col\r1 & !n into      
ano!r1 ) ! result t ! bubble :5 bl[n 0 (
 "o col\r inside & ( ano!r outside4 ,!  
bubble 0 !n op5$ out into ! flat %eet z 
usual4 ,?is process _h always be5 foll[$
 to make r$ glass1 :i* 0 really a %eet (
 :ite coat$ ) ruby1 b n[ all sorts (    
comb9ations 7 made4 ,?us a brilliant    
purple c\ld be obta9$ by coat+ a piece (
 r$ glass ) blue2 r$ on yell[ w\ld give 
a spl5did orange2 blue on yell[ a       
brilliant gre54 ,al?\gh inv5t$ e>ly 9 ! 
f\rte5? c5tury1 ?is process did n h all 
its possibilities develop$ until dur+ ! 
fifte5?1 :5 ! numb] ( lay]s 0 gradually 

increas$ until we f9d "s specim5s %[+   
six diff]5t coats4 ,we %all enjoy !     
results :5 we visit ,quimp] or ,eym\ti]s
 or ,b\rges4 ,! ,fr5* h a v descriptive 
"n = glass treat$ 9 ?is mann]3 !y call x
 v]re d\ble1 or l9$ glass1 ref]r+ to !  
fact t !re are two lay]s4 ,! abrupt     
*ange 9 glass w9d[s :i* took place at ! 
beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury becomes less  
extraord9>y :5 we recapitulate ! v>i\s  
discov]ies 9 ! art & realise :at an     
effect mu/ h be5 caus$ by su* a         
comb9ation z t ( 7a7 ! *ance-reveal$    
yell[ /a92 7b7 dome/ic use :i* requir$  
glass fit = small1 well-light$ int]iors2
 7c7 ! dem&s ( ! ar*itect = 8 n>r[$ & m 
num]\s w9d[ ap]tures1 & la/ly 7d7 !     
enri*+ ( ! arti/'s palette due to ! new 
process ( d\bl+ ! %eets ( glass4 ,! :ole
 tr5d is n[ t[>ds mu* m light1 l>g]     
pieces ( glass1 bright] col\rs & m      
att5tion to ! design at ! exp5se ( !    
col\r effect ( ! w9d[4  ,we h n[ n only 
set =? ! great *ange t 0 s spe$ily      
effect$ 9 ! /yle & appe>ance ( /a9$     

glass1 b fur!r1 we h enum]at$ ! v>i\s   
novelties1 bo? 9 popul> requirem5ts & 9 
te*nique1 :i* br\ght ab\t ! light tones 
( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! /eps by :i* 0    
effect$ ?is transition f ! ?irte5?      
c5tury mosaic type ) its rudim5t>y      
sugge/ion ( a canopy1 to ! f\rte5?      
c5tury figure ensconc$ 9 8 little       
s5try-box1 c be se5 on b few exi/+      
w9d[s2 9 fact1 s little transition glass
 is !re t ! *ange /rikes "o all ! m     
=cibly4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 a few available
 = ?is purpose1 notably ! ?ree ea/]n    
lancets ( ! ,lady ,*apel 9 ! ,abbey     
,*ur* at ,fecamp1 & a c]ta9 w9d[ 9 !    
nor? transept ( ,ami5s ,ca!dral4 ,!     
,fecamp lancets %[ u ! fir/ /ep1 :]e1   
al?\gh ! glass is /ill entirely mosaic1 
! ar*itecture at ! top is br\ght d[n !  
sides ( ! figure s z to complete !      
s5try-box4 ,( c\rse ?is admits no m     
light ?an ! regul> m$allion lancets :i* 
conv5i5tly assi/ our comp>ison by flank+
 on ei!r side ! ?ree ea/]ly ones4 ,we h 
?us arriv$ at ! enfram+ canopy1 b h n   

yet con=m$ to ! dem& = m light :i* _h n[
 become s insi/5t4 ,h[ w ?is be done8 ,a
 mosaic m$allion c\ld n well be put ^u a
 light surface1 z x w\ld look splot*y & 
unf9i%$ 7viz43 fir/ *apel on ! left (   
*oir ambulatory 9 ,r\5 ,ca!dral71 nor   
w\ld x d to /ation unfram$1 isolat$1    
col\r$ figures on an uncol\r$ surface   
7viz43 ,/e4 ,radegonde at ,poiti]s74 ,to
 avoid ! unf9i%$ appe>ance1 !y hit ^u ! 
idea ( surr\nd+ ! col\r$ figure ) a     
frame-l ar*itectural bord] 7z j se5 at  
,fecamp71 & !n put ?is fram$ picture 9 !
 mid/ ( ! pla9 panes4 ,?is /ep is       
exemplifi$ by a l>ge d\ble-lancet$ w9d[ 
j we/ ( ! nor? transept door 9 ,ami5s   
,ca!dral4 ,! entire w9d[ is sur*>g$ ) a 
numb] ( ^! canopy-fram$ figures arrang$ 
9 p>allel p]p5dicul> l9es4 ,we h n[ ga9$
 m light1 & x is easy to see :at is com+
 next4 ,in/ead ( plac+ ! small canopies 
up & d[n ! w9d[ 7z at ,ami5s71 x w\ld   
obvi\sly be m effective to assemble !m 9
 b&s across x4 ,bo? ,sees & ,evreux s]ve
 to illu/rate ?is mann] ( glaz+4 ,!re   

are _m examples t m>k ! sl[ developm5t f
 ^! f\rte5? c5tury horizontal r[s (     
canopies across a grisaille or qu>ry    
backgr\nd1 to ! p]fect$ canopy w9d[ ( ! 
fifte5? c5tury1 :]e ! s]vice ( admitt+  
light is entirely transf]r$ f !         
grisaille or qu>ry to ! canopy itself4  
,?is has be5 r5d]$ possible by greatly  
increas+ ! space allott$ to ! simulat$  
/onework1 s z to enable x to let 9 all !
 illum9ation requir$1 & at ! same "t    
p]=m its duty ( fram+ ! col\r$ "p ( !   
picture4 ,^! w9d[s at ,fecamp & ,ami5s  
are v in/ructive z %[+ u ! exp]im5tal   
/eps :i* result$ 9 ! satisfactory       
comb9ation ( picture & illum9ation1     
in/ead ( splot*es ( col\r on a light    
field4  ,x mu/ n be ?\ght t we h dwelt  
too long on ?is p>ticul> p]iod (        
transition1 = ?is is ! only "t dur+ !   
,gold5 ,age ( glass t !re took place an 
abrupt *ange 9 /yles1 & !re=e a spe$y & 
m>k$ transition4 ,!re 0 c]ta9ly no?+    
ha/y 9 ! way t ! broad bord]s & l>g]    
glass pieces ( ! twelf? c5tury develop$ 

into ! n>r[] bord]s & m m9utely mosaic  
me?od ( ! ?irte5?4 ,z to ! transition f 
! f\rte5? to ! fifte5? c5tury1 s sl[ly &
 s imp]ceptibly 0 x effect$ t we h      
decid$ to /udy ^? two c5turies toge!r z 
"o epo*1 ! second be+ b ! natural       
elaboration ( ! fir/4 ,la/ly1 no?+ c\ld 
be m measur$ & delib]ate ?an ! /eps by  
:i* ! fifte5? c5tury canopy develop$    
into ! sixte5? c5tury l>ge picture      
panel1 by fir/ *ang+ ! canopy f ,go?ic  
to ,r5aissance1 !n enl>g+ ! sc5e )9 !   
new canopy until x f9ally outgrew ! ne$ 
= ! frame1 & em]g$ !refrom 9 its        
complet$ /ate1 (t5 cov]+ a :ole w9d[4   
,if at ?is po9t we turn to our hi/ories1
 we %all soon enc\nt] reasons :i*       
conv9c+ly expla9 :y !re rema9s s little 
f\rte5?-fifte5? c5tury glass = u to see4
 ,?is 0 ! p]iod ( ! ,engli% occupation (
 a l>ge portion ( ,france4 ,a peaceful  
possession ( a "p ( ! c\ntry might n h  
int]f]$ ) ! c\rse ( art 9 o!r qu>t]s1 b 
! ,engli% possession 0 f> f a peaceful  
"o4 ,fight+1 & t ( ! bitt]e/ k9d1 w5t on

 cont9ually4 ,we h only to m5tion !     
,hundr$ ,ye>s ,w> ) ,engl& 7#accg-adec71
 m>k$ by ! disa/r\s defeats ( ,crecy    
7#acdf7 & ( ,poiti]s 7#acef71 to be     
rem9d$ ( t4 ,x is true t ,b]tr& du      
,guescl9 won a %ort-liv$ success aga9/ !
 ,engli% 7#acfd71 b #adae sees !m aga9  
victori\s at ,ag9c\rt & _! occupation ( 
,p>is 9 #adba4 ,?is tempor>y victory (  
,du ,guescl9 prov$ an evil ?+ = ,france1
 z x prolong$ ! fight+ & increas$ !     
frightful c>nage :i* dr5*$ ,fr5* soil ) 
blood4 ,x is cle> t dur+ times l ^! !   
nobility 0 n 9 a position to int]e/     
itself 9 beautify+ *ateaux or *ur*es4   
,!y 7 mo/ e>ne/ly conc]n$ 9 ! g5tle art 
( erect+ =tifications2 safety & /r5g? 7 
( vital importance2 beauty _h to /&     
aside & wait4 ,! records %[ _m in/ances 
( great ar*itectural ent]prises be+     
halt$ f lack ( funds or f o!r motives1 a
 case 9 po9t be+ ,troyes ,ca!dral1 ^u   
:i* no "w 0 done = a long p]iod ( ye>s4 
,! nobility 7 injur$ m ?an ! l[] classes
 by ^! w>s1 & 9 ! great defeats (       

,crecy1 ,poiti]s & ,ag9c\rt _! losses 7 
frightful4 ,_m a titl$ family lo/ its   
e/ates & _m ano!r 0 ext]m9at$4 ,9 battle
 ! middle & l[] classes suff]$          
proportionately less1 because ! ,fr5*   
plac$ mo/ ( _! reliance ^u arm\r$       
knights & disda9$ to avail !mselves ( ! 
b\rgeoisie to ! same ext5t z ! ,engli%1 
^: spl5did b[m5 & yeomanry 7 s pot5t a  
factor 9 w9n+ ^? great victories4 ,!    
fact t ! great families ( ,france 7 s   
griev\sly crippl$ dur+ ^! w>s goes f> to
 expla9 :y glass pa9t+ langui%$ = lack (
 ! support :i* ! luxury-lov+ class (    
society 0 n !n able to give x4 ,almo/ z 
s]i\s = ! nobles z ! losses 9 battle &  
o!r ravages ( w>1 0 ! reign ( ! subtle  
,l\is ,,xi 7#adfa-ha71 :o devot$ 8      
entire life to de/roy+ ! /r5g? ( !      
nobility & to build+ ^u its ru9s !      
c5tralis$ p[] ( ! ?rone1 mean:ile gu>d+ 
?is increase ( k+ly p[] by enc\rag+ !   
gr[? ( ! g5d>m]ie1 & g5]ally ! milit>y  
reliability ( ! b\rgeoisie4 ,"o incid5t 
f 8 life provides u ) a fact ( great    

int]e/ to a glass /ud5t4 ,^u ! occasion 
( ! repulse ( ! ,bretons by !           
inhabitants ( ! ,fr5* city ( ,/4 ,lo1   
,l\is pres5t$ to ! ca!dral ( t t[n1 z an
 expression ( 8 approval ( ! brav]y (   
its citiz5s1 a f9e set ( /a9$ glass     
w9d[s4 ,z an ev5t 9 political /atecraft 
x is mo/ significant3 he did n ennoble  
or enri* c]ta9 lead]s1 b gave ! entire  
fight+ populace a royal gift4 ,to u x   
has a peculi> int]e/1 because ! incid5t 
%[s t /a9$ glass 0 held 9 su* high e/eem
 z to be consid]$ a wor?y gift f a k+ to
 a city4 ,b be=e turn+ f a review ( !   
evil days :i* fell ^u ,france1 we mu/   
notice t al?\gh ! nobility suff]$ m     
heavily f battle & /atecraft ?an any o!r
 class1 ! times 7 tragic en\gh = all    
,fr5*m51 :e!r noble or peasant1 ri* or  
poor4 ,! plague rag$ ?r\gh\t ! l&--n    
once1 b _m times--dur+ ^! two c5turies &
 its fe>some grasp fell ^u all alike4   
,nor 0 ?is mis]y en\gh2 to all ^!       
calamities 0 add$ t ( civil w> ( ! wor/ 
type--! w> ( ! masses aga9/ ! classes4  

,! scorn 9 :i* ! nobles held ! poor man 
0 b ! natural outcome ( ! feudal /ate4  
,! man 9 arm\r despis$ ,jacques         
,bonhomme1 z he call$ him4 ,:5 9 #aceh !
 disord]s afflict+ ! body politic caus$ 
?is contempt & ill-treatm5t to s        
increase t x c\ld no long] be endur$1 ! 
upris+ ( ! oppress$ aga9/ ! oppressor   
assum$ 9 hide\s satire ! "n ( !         
,jacqu]ie4 ,be=e x c\ld be f9ally put   
d[n1 ,fr5* soil 0 dr5*$ aga9 & aga9 )   
blood4 ,ev5 ?is %ort dip into           
contempor>y hi/ory has reveal$ en\gh to 
make x pass+ /range t any glass at all 0
 made 9 ,france dur+ ^? try+ times1 &   
/rang] /ill t1 if made1 x %\ld h        
surviv$4  ,we h j se5 t dur+ mo/ ( ^!   
two c5turies ! ,fr5* k+s 7 fully occupi$
 at home1 fir/ 9 fight+ ! ,engli%1 )    
,france z ! battlegr\nd1 & lat] 9 subdu+
 _! arrogant nobles & add+ ,burgundy1   
,fran*e ,comte1 ,artois1 ,prov5ce &     
,brittany to ! ,fr5* cr[n4 ,at ! end (  
?is p]iod1 ) _! home l&s cle>$ ( !      
,engli% & ! c5tralis$ p[] ( ! ?rone mu* 

/r5g!n$1 we %all see h[1 "u ,l\is ,,xii 
7#adih7 & ,francis ,i 7#aeae71 w> 0     
c>ri$ on outside ! bord]s ( ,france4 ,"u
 ! influ5ces ( ?is fre$om f ! ravages ( 
w>1 comb9$ ) ta/e = art le>nt dur+ !    
,italian campaigns & br\ght back to     
,france1 !re sprang up an ae/hetic      
revival call$ ! ,fr5* ,r5aissance4 ,?is 
new developm5t is go+ to give u a v     
diff]5t /yle ( glass pa9t+1 :i* we w    
/udy lat] "u ! title ( ! sixte5? c5tury4
  ,be=e />t+ out to visit ! glass ( !   
f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 !re are     
sev]al rem>ks to be made ^u x z a :ole4 
,!re is n ne>ly s mu* left = u to see z 
!re is ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,x is n go+  
to be s easy to rea* x & we %all h to   
take long] trips4 ,we may j\rney f> (f  
to ! we/]n corn] ( ,brittany to see !   
admirable ,ca!dral ( ,quimp]1 or else   
d[n s\? ne> ,ang\leme :]e we f9d 9 !    
small village ( ,eym\ti]s a mo/ *>m+    
example4 ,( sixte5? c5tury glass we %all
 f9d mu*2 ( ?irte5? a great deal2 b (   
f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 only a      

little4 ,at fir/ "o und\bt$ly pref]s !  
w9d[s ( ! ?irte5? & ! sixte5? c5turies1 
b aft] "o has /udi$ glass = a:ile1 he w 
surely come to feel t !re is a c]ta9    
fasc9ation ab\t ! silv]y gl[ ( a canopy 
w9d[ t is n surpass$ by ! jewell$ glitt]
 ( ! ?irte5? c5tury or ! m brilliant    
col\r+ & draw+ ( ! sixte5?4 ,dur+ !     
p]iod n[ "u discussion !re 0 a great    
deal ( good glass made1 & f ! records we
 le>n ( _m a f9e w9d[ n[ long s9ce      
de/roy$4 ,a fair way to judge ! ,fr5*   
glass-mak]s is to le>n :at _!           
contempor>ies across ! *annel ?\ght (   
!m4 ,= ?is purpose x is wor? cit+ f !   
contract = glaz+ ,beau*amp ,*apel at    
,w>wick1 :i* contract 0 made by ! ,e>l (
 ,w>wick's executors ) a c]ta9 ,john    
,prudde ( ,we/m9/]1 dat$ #addg4 ,?is    
contract requires t no ,engli% glass be 
us$1 b t ! w9d[s be glaz$ only ) be/    
=eign glass procurable & to use z little
 :ite1 gre5 & black glass z possible4   
,john ,prudde got 8 mat]ial f ,france4  
,we f9d ano!r apposite /atem5t 9        

,britton's ,hi/ory ( ,exet] ,ca!dral4   
,he says t #ejj squ>e feet ( glass 0    
b\ght = ! ca!dral 9 #acjb-d & t :5 ano!r
 l>ge pur*ase 0 made 9 #acag !y s5t to  
,r\5 = x4 ,f ^! citations1 select$ f _m 
simil> ones1 we may safely ga!r t !     
,engli% consid]$ ,fr5* glass ! be/1 :i* 
is mo/ significant :5 "o reflects t j at
 t "t ,engli% glass 0 at its highe/     
po9t4     ,,f\rte5? ,,& ,,fifte5?       
,,c5tury ,,pilgrimages   ,f ! /&po9t (  
"o :o f9ds himself 9 ,p>is1 x is n go+  
to be v conv5i5t to visit ! glass we are
 n[ consid]+4 ,if he w cont5t himself ) 
a little1 he c see t )\t mu* difficulty4
 ,he has b to visit ! two ne>by cities (
 ,evreux & ,r\51 ea* ( !m only an h\r & 
a half by tra9 f ,p>is & n f> remov$ f  
ea* o!r4 ,! latt] is1 admitt$ly1        
peculi>ly a place to /udy sixte5? c5tury
 glass--its num]\s *ur*es are full ( x4 
,:ile x is bett] to visit ,r\5 9        
connection ) ! sixte5? c5tury1 /ill we h
 m5tion$ x at ?is "t because "o ( its   
*ur*es1 ,/4 ,ou51 af=ds su* a           

beautifully complete exposition (       
f\rte5? c5tury glaz+4 ,besides1 x is ne>
 ,evreux1 & !re=e we advise t x be      
visit$ n[ s t ! glass at ,/4 ,ou5 c be  
se5 directly aft] t 9 ! ,ca!dral (      
,evreux4 ,if our read] wi%es to ?or\ghly
 /udy ! glass ( ?is p]iod1 we w\ld      
advise him to beg9 ) a long] trip1 :i*  
we w outl9e1 & !n conclude ) ,evreux &  
,r\51 because he w !n be enabl$1 aft]   
see+ ! f\rte5? c5tury glass ( ,r\51 to  
imm$iately pass on to ! /udy ( ! sixte5?
 c5tury w9d[s :i* are s spl5did &       
abundant 9 ! o!r *ur*es ( t ,mecca ( !  
glass /ud5t4  ,n[ = ! long] t\r j       
m5tion$4 ,x %\ld beg9 at ,b\rges1 f\r   
h\rs & a qu>t] f ,p>is by tra94 ,!nce we
 g s\? to ,cl]mont-,f]r& 7on our way    
/opp+ to visit its little neighb\r1     
,riom71 next across ! m\nta9s :i*       
ov]%ad[ ^! la/ two t[ns1 to ,eym\ti]s1  
:i* lies close to ,limoges1 ! next city 
9 ord]4 ,f ,limoges we g nor? to        
,poiti]s1 !n to ,ang]s1 to ,le ,mans1   
?r\gh ,al5con to ,sees1 to ,v]neuil1 &  

conclude ) ,*>tres1 an h\r & a qu>t] f  
,p>is by express4 ,al?\gh ?is is a long 
t\r1 we c safely promise t x w repay !  
pilgrim4 ,if ! pilgrim has already      
visit$ ,*>tres = its ?irte5? c5tury     
glass1 he probably took occasion to see 
t ( ! f\rte5? c5tury 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4     
,pi]re4 ,9 t ev5t he c omit ,*>tres at  
?is "t4 ,if he wi%es1 he c g on f       
,v]neuil to ,evreux 7#dc kilometres71 & 
?us l9k ?is long] trip to ! %ort] "o    
already describ$4 ,x is only 9 ! ev5t t 
he travels by automobile or bicycle t we
 sugge/ a /op at ,m\l9s on 8 way f      
,b\rges to ,riom1 = 8 way lies ?r\gh x2 
b if he travels by tra91 !n1 because ( !
 f9] & m pl5tiful glass he is ab\t to   
see1 ,m\l9s may well be omitt$4 ,we w\ld
 n recomm5d visit+ ,limoges if x 7 n    
directly ^u 8 road1 no matt] by :at     
means ( transportation he travels4  ,!re
 is h>dly a place 9 ,france :]e fifte5? 
c5tury glass c be se5 to great]         
advantage ?an 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,quimp]1 b 
x is too f> f any o!r glass place to be 

comb9$ !re) into a t\r4 ,x is tuck$ away
 9 ! nor?we/]n "p ( ,france1 elev5 h\rs 
f ,p>is by express1 & is only m5tion$ "h
 s t if ! travell] f9ds himself 9 its   
neighb\rhood he may n fail to avail     
himself ( ! opportunity4 ,! long t\r    
beg9n+ at ,b\rges & end+ at ,*>tres1 w1 
if supplem5t$ by ! %ort "o to ,evreux & 
,r\51 %[ him mo/ ( ! be/ glass ( ?is    
p]iod :i* has come d[n to our "t4 ,x is 
easily di/+ui%able f t ( ! c5tury prec$+
 x z well z ( ! c5tury foll[+1 & has a  
beauty all its own4  ,illu/ration3      
#ad,,? & #ae,,? ,,c5turies ,,t\rs4   7a7
 ,evreux1 ,r\54  7b7 ,b\rges1 ,m\l9s1   
,riom1 ,cl]mont-,f]r&1 ,eym\ti]s1       
,limoges1   ,poiti]s1 ,ang]s1 ,le ,mans1
 7,al5con71 ,sees1 ,v]neuil1 ,*>tres4   
,also sep>ate visit to ,quimp]4   7,=   
table ( di/ances1 see page #bie47       
,,evreux  ,9 "o's m5tal picture ( a t[n 
!re is almo/ always a s+le feature :i*  
/&s out prom95tly at ! exp5se ( ! o!rs4 
,= example1 w9d+ cr[d$ /reets are apt to
 rise 9 "o's m9d :5 ,london is m5tion$4 

,! broad /raight ?or\ghf>es ( ,/4       
,pet]sburg are sure to give room9ess &  
bread? to our memory ( ! ,russian       
capital4 ,9 a simil> fa%ion :5 ! writ]  
?9ks ( ,evreux !re always promptly      
arises a picture ( ! n>r[ness :i* n only
 *>act]ises ! ca!dral's nave1 b also !  
little *annels into :i* ! riv] ,iton    
subdivides itself 9 prep>ation = its    
leisurely me&]+ ?r\gh ! t[n4 ,nor mu/   
?is be tak5 z a reproa* to ,evreux4 ,!  
little bran*es ( ! ,iton add v mat]ially
 to ! quiet beauty ( ! place4 ,s1 too1  
beauty is1 ?\gh indirectly1 l5t to !    
ca!dral's int]ior by ! v n>r[ness ( its 
nave4 ,a nave only #ba feet wide made v 
difficult ! problem ( lat] jo9+ to x a  
roomy *oir1 b ! ar*itect hit ^u an +5i\s
 device to secure great] wid? = ! latt] 
)\t hav+ ! diff]5ce unpleasant to ! eye 
:5 view$ f o!r p>ts ( ! *ur*4 ,j beh9d !
 columns at ! edge ( ! transept cross+  
he deftly swell$ out 8 *oir walls at su*
 an angle t f no "p ( ! nave is ! curv+ 
swell+ ( ^! walls visible4  ,! *apels t 

surr\nd ?is graceful *oir are sep>at$ f 
! ambulatory by light c>v$ wood5 scre5s1
 v da9ty & ea* "o diff]5t4 ,! w9d[s all 
ab\t u reveal ?is to be a p]fect        
treasure-h\se ( f\rte5? c5tury glass1 = 
x has m ( ?is p]iod ?an any o!r *ur* 9  
,france except1 p]haps1 ,/4 ,ou51 at    
,r\54 ,9 our prelim9>y talk ab\t !      
f\rte5? c5tury we ref]r$ to ! />tl+     
abruptness ) :i* ta/e 9 glass ve]$ ar\nd
 f ! light-obscur+ m$allions ( ! prec$+ 
c5tury to ! light-admitt+ treatm5t ( !  
f\rte5?4 ,we !re /at$ t ! two fav\rite  
me?ods ( gett+ m light 71 fir/1 ! canopy
 treatm5t1 & second1 b to a less ext5t1 
grisaille w9d[s ) ri* bord]s :i* 7      
sometimes1 b n always1 sur*>g$ ) col\r$ 
figures or panels4 ,at ,evreux we %all n
 only f9d _m an excell5t example ( bo?  
^! new me?ods1 b also int]e/+ pro( ( h[ 
e>ly 9 ! c5tury ! new /yle laid hold ^u 
public ta/e & t1 too1 9 a v fully       
develop$ & complet$ =m4 ,! w9d[s giv5 by
 ,guillaume d',h>c\rt1 dat$ #acaj1 %[ u 
! canopy w9d[ ) a p]fection (           

ar*itectural elaboration t is surpris+  
:5 we consid] its e>ly date4 ,n only is 
! canopy well advanc$ 9 its detail1 b we
 f9d t ! blue backgr\nd is damask$1 a   
feature ( adornm5t t else:]e took "s "t 
to develop4 ,! use ( grisaille to       
increase ! illum9ation ( ! int]ior is "h
 amply illu/rat$1 z is also a c]ta9     
v>iation ( x1 v mu* 9 vogue at t "t1    
p>tly because x 0 decorative1 & p>tly1  
p]haps mo/ly1 because x 0 s easy to     
glaze4 ,?is is ! s-call$ qu>ry w9d[ (   
:ite or grisaille glass ) its surface   
compos$ ( ei!r squ>e 7c>re7 or          
diamond-%ap$ panels4 ,^! qu>ry w9d[s 7 n
 only easy to lead1 b _! =mal design    
broke up ! surface ( ! glass v          
agreeably1 especially :5 "h & !re t\*es 
( col\r 7 introduc$4 ,nor 7 ^! qu>ries  
always us$ )\t col\r decoration1 = ar\nd
 ! *oir tri=ium we %all see !m sur*>g$ )
 gay h]aldic blazons1 :ile above1 9 !   
cl]e/ory1 !y s]ve to fill out su*       
portions ( ! embrasures z are n occupi$ 
by ! b&s ( canopies4 ,x 0 "s "t be=e !  

f\rte5? c5tury glazi] arriv$ at ! po9t (
 fill+ ! entire embrasure ) 8 canopy1 & 
!re=e ?is hesitat+ use ( b&s ( canopies 
across a light field is (t5 se54 ,bel[ 9
 ! *oir *apels ev5 less ( ! space is    
devot$ to canopies & m to qu>ries or    
grisaille ?an 9 ! cl]e/ory4 ,pass+ to ! 
nave1 almo/ all ! w9d[ surface ( !      
*apels is giv5 ov] to grisaille2 inde$1 
x is only across ! upp] ?ird t "o sees !
 qua9t little f\rte5? c5tury canopies4  
,s1 too1 ! cl]e/ory is all grisaille    
except = an occasional panel 9 col\r4 ,!
 f9e/ "w ( ! p]iod "h is ar\nd ! *oir   
cl]e/ory--! col\rs are ri*] & e "p ( !  
decoration m c>efully /udi$4 ,notice t 9
 ! f\r? on ! left1 ! second lancet      
conta9s a kneel+ figure hold+ up 9 8 two
 h&s a model ( ! w9d[ :i* he is (f]+2 8 
"n appe>s 9 l>ge lett]s bel[--,m4 ,ra\l 
,de ,f]ri]es4 ,! ri* r$ backgr\nd1      
surr\nd$ by ! gold5 canopy1 makes a v   
effective comb9ation4 ,?is same pleasant
 conceit is f\nd aga9 9 ! mo/ we/]ly    
lancet ( ! f\r? *oir *apel on ! "r1 b "h

 ! figure is mu* small] & ! model ( !   
gift w9d[ n s c>efully drawn4 ,almo/ all
 ^! cl]e/ory lights display facts       
conc]n+ _! donors set out 9 bold lett]+ 
t adds mat]ially to ! decorative effect4
 ,a few ( ! panels 7 glaz$ 9 ! next     
c5tury2 !y are readily pick$ out by !   
p]fect$ draw+ ( _! canopies1 ! fact t !y
 completely fill ! embrasures1 ! p$e/als
 b5ea? !m1 etc4 ,( ^! lat] ones1 ! fir/ 
on ! left especially m]its our att5tion3
 )9 its elaborate canopy fram+ are a    
triple ti] ( ni*es4 ,9 ! middle ti]1 !  
second ni*e conta9s ! ,dauph9 7lat]     
,l\is ,,xi7 & ! f\r?1 ,*>les ,,vii1 8   
fa!r4 ,?is ref]5ce to ! fifte5? c5tury  
br+s u to ! consid]ation ( its num]\s   
examples f\nd "h1 = ! ,lady ,*apel1 all 
! nor? transept & "p ( ! s\!rn are glaz$
 9 t lat] /yle4 ,9 ! ,lady ,*apel !     
canopies enclose a d\ble ti] ( ni*es :i*
 conta9 sc5es rem>kable = _! /rong      
col\r+1 z well z = ! unusual numb] (    
individuals 9 ea* little gr\p4 ,"u !    
second canopy on ! l[] ti] ( ! fir/ w9d[

 on ! left is depict$ ,*ri/ fe$+ !      
multitude1 & no less ?an tw5ty-five     
figures c be c\nt$3 ?is is ! greate/    
numb] ! writ] has ev] obs]v$ 9 a canopy 
panel4  ,! transepts are mo/ *>m+4 ,ea* 
is light$ by a l>ge rose1 :ile ! ea/ &  
we/ walls h ea* n only two great        
six-lancet w9d[s1 b 9 addition1 !       
tri=ium gall]y is pi]c$ & is c>ri$ ar\nd
 "u ! rose4 ,:]e ! tri=ium passes bel[ !
 rose we h 9 ea* case eight lancets     
fill$ ) canopies enclos+ s+le figures1 &
 9 ! cl]e/ory ( ! nor? transept ! same  
treatm5t--else:]e ! lancets conta9      
grisaille or qu>ries sur*>g$ ) col\r$   
bosses or %ields--! :ole bord]$ 9 col\r4
 ,?r\gh\t all ?is int]ior s mu*         
grisaille & qu>ry "w 0 us$ t "o %\ld    
select a ra9y or grey day = "o's visit1 
because on a sunny day ! illum9ation is 
di/9ctly g>i%4  ,nor is x = ! ,ca!dral  
alone t we h come "h--s f9e is ! glaz+  
at ,/4 ,taur9 t we w\ld h includ$       
,evreux 9 our t\r ev5 if !re _h be5 no?+
 to enjoy at ! ,ca!dral4 ,! ea/ end ( ! 

*oir juts out f ! body ( ! *ur*1 & is   
light$ all r\nd by sev5 l(ty w9d[s1 ea* 
( two lancets except ! we/]ly pair1 :i* 
h f\r4 ,! treatm5t ( all ^! lancets is  
alike3 ! enfram+ canopy encloses ?ree   
ti]s ( ni*es1 "o above ! o!r1 9 ea* (   
:i* is a little sc5e 9 col\r4 ,"o pair (
 ^! w9d[s1 ! second f ! we/1 are mod]n1 
b s fai?fully are !y modell$ aft] _!    
neighb\rs1 t !y d n m> ! effect ( !     
:ole4 ,in/ead ( "o lone sa9t b5ea? ea*  
canopy 7!n s common z to be almo/       
monoton\s7 we h "h gr\ps1 always        
agreeable & sometimes amus+4 ,= example1
 ! l[] left-h& corn] ( ! w9d[ j left ( !
 c5tre %[s u ,/4 ,taur9 rescu+ a lady f 
"s v po9t$ flames1 :ile a r$ imp1       
evid5tly mu* annoy$ at be+ exorcis$1 is 
d>t+ (f1 mu* to ! pi\s satisfaction (   
five smug onlook]s4 ,9 accordance ) !   
conv5tions1 ea* ni*e has at ! back a    
damask$ curta91 above :i* a glimpse is  
af=d$ ( an int]ior light$ by ?ree w9d[s1
 all v delicately portray$4 ,x seems    
ridicul\sly incongru\s to f9d c[s & o!r 

animals 9 ! =egr\nd ( su* a ni*e4       
,un=tunately1 ?is absurd comb9ation (   
tradition & realism 0 n r>e dur+ t epo*4
 ,! orig9al glaz+ ( ! upp] "p ( !       
s\?we/]ly w9d[ has be5 replac$ by a lat]
 ,asc5sion sc5e1 runn+ across all f\r   
lancets4 ,at ! end ( ! s\? transept is a
 broad w9d[1 v int]e/+ because ( !      
diff]5t types ( canopies 9 its six      
lancets4 ,! *ief *>m ( ! int]ior is     
und\bt$ly ! *oir1 ^: delici\sly s(t-ton$
 glaz+ is s complete z to af=d ! /ud5t n
 only valuable mat]ial1 b also 7& ?is is
 mu* r>]7 an excell5t impression ( !    
g5]al effect s\ght = by ! fifte5? c5tury
 glazi]4   ,,r\5  ,9 ?is sket* we w     
*iefly turn our att5tion to ! *ur* ( ,/4
 ,ou51 al?\gh we w also take a peep into
 ! ,ca!dral & into ,/4 ,macl\4 ,we w    
def] until our sixte5? c5tury t\rs a    
full] comm5t ^u ?is city 7see page      
#bdi71 because any "o :o has /udi$ !    
subject1 ev5 9 ! mo/ cursory way1 kn[s t
 he mu/ g to ,r\5 = ,r5aissance glass4  
,al?\gh ! spl5did w9d[s ( its num]\s    

*ur*es be> witness to :at t lat] p]iod  
did = our art1 x is nev]!less entirely  
prop] t we %\ld come "h at ?is "t1 if   
only = a prelim9>y visit1 because ! /udy
 ( f\rte5? c5tury glass _c be           
satisfactorily conclud$ )\t view+ !     
spl5didly complete exhibition ( x 9 !   
*ur* ( ,/4 ,ou54 ,"h we %all see =      
ourselves :y ,r\5 glass 0 !n s highly   
e/eem$1 n only 9 ,france1 b also across 
! ,*annel4 ,we ref]r$ be=e to ! fact t  
aft] ,exet] ,ca!dral _h 9 #acjb-d       
pur*as$ glass = its w9d[s & x became    
necess>y 9 #acag to procure ano!r l>ge  
quantity1 x 0 to ,r\5 t !y s5t = x1 a   
significant tribute to ! skill & repute 
( ! ,r\5 craftsm54 ,ample witness to !  
causes = ! ,engli%m5's admiration is    
af=d$ by ! ju/ly fam\s f\rte5? c5tury   
glaz+ ( ,/4 ,ou54 ,x is be/ to approa* &
 ent] x by ! s\? portal1 =1 al?\gh a v  
graceful & symmetrical ,go?ic edifice1 !
 we/ front is un=tunately ( a mu* lat]  
p]iod ?an ! re/ ( ! /ructure1 & is      
noticeably lack+ 9 lightness & beauty4  

,not)/&+ ne>ly all ! w9d[s are glaz$ 9  
col\r1 ! brilliancy ( ! light+ /rikes u 
z soon z we /ep inside & is especially  
noticeable if we h b fre%ly come f !    
inspection ( int]iors ^: light has be5  
dimm$ by ?irte5? c5tury glass4 ,x is    
evid5t t ! ,/4 ,ou5 w9d[s 7 glaz$ at a  
mom5t :5 ! reaction f ! sombre beauties 
( ! ?irte5? c5tury 0 at its height4     
,und\bt$ly /rict injunctions 7 laid ^u !
 design] ( ! glass t he %\ld s complete 
8 task z to leave ! *ur* well light$4 ,9
 comply+ ) 8 in/ructions he n only has  
us$ a great deal ( :ite glass1 b also   
has avail$ himself ( ! light] tones (   
su* col\rs z 8 pictures requir$4 ,n[h]e 
else w we f9d s complete a s]ies (      
patri>*s1 sa9ts1 apo/les1 bi%ops &      
abbots4 ,!y are /rung out ar\nd u on e  
side & provide a weal? ( mat]ial =      
inve/igation4 ,p]haps "o might wi% t !y 
_h be5 depict$ 9 /rong] hues1 especially
 z !y range ab\t ! cl]e/ory on a :ite   
backgr\nd1 ) :ite glass 9 ! tri=ium     
w9d[s bel[ !m4 ,on ! o!r h& !re is a    

possibility t if ! col\rs _h be5 /rong]1
 ! contra/ betwe5 !m & ! backgr\nd might
 h prov$ disagreeable4 ,9 pass+ x is    
int]e/+ to note t all ! abbots are      
array$ 9 blue robes1 b 9 accordance ) ! 
s*eme ( col\r j m5tion$1 ! blue is v    
light 9 t9t4 ,bel[1 9 ! *oir1 & ar\nd ! 
transepts1 we f9d canopy w9d[s1 b !re1  
too1 _! effectiv5ess is less5$ by too _m
 panels ( :ite4 ,9 ! nave ! l>ge figures
 9 ! w9d[s ( ! upp] range h mu* m col\r 
?an ^? 9 ! l[]1 & ! inscription bel[ ea*
 is 9 su* bold lett]+ z to p]mit ( ea*  
lett] be+ sep>ately lead$ 94 ,! nor?    
transept conta9s a f9e rose w9d[1 b1    
un=tunately1 9 accordance ) ! conv5tions
 ( t epo*1 ! figures radiate f ! c5tre l
 slices 9 a pie4 ,! result is a :eel    
effect & n t ( a great blossom+ rose4 ,!
 glass1 n only 9 ?is rose b also 9 ! "o 
( ! s\? transept1 is sixte5? c5tury & w 
be describ$ lat]4 ,! regul>ity &        
complet5ess ( ! ar*itecture ( ?is *ur*  
is acc5tuat$ by ! long s]ies ( p]sonages
 t decorate its w9d[s4 ,x is b natural t

 !re results ! symmetrical beauty :i*   
always foll[s ! consi/5t c>ry+ into     
effect ( a well-?\ght-out plan4 ,!      
desire ( ! ar*itect = a well-light$     
int]ior has also be5 ev]y:]e c>efully   
obs]v$4 ,z a :ole1 ! effect ( ! w9d[s   
mu/ und\bt$ly be admir$1 b on ! o!r h&1 
if we 7 to be d5i$ ! w>m? t a little    
additional col\r w\ld h giv51 we ought  
at lea/ to h f\nd z a comp5sation t s(t 
silv]y light :i* ! be/ glass ( ?is p]iod
 af=ds1 b :i* is "h r5d]$ impossible by 
! excessive use ( :ite panes4  ,!       
,ca!dral's f\rte5? c5tury glass1 :ile n 
pres5t+ ! spl5did ensemble t "o sees at 
,/4 ,ou51 is nev]!less n only in/ructive
 9 its v>iety1 b is also s plac$ z to   
exhibit itself to ! greate/ advantage4  
,x is to be f\nd 9 ! ,lady ,*apel1 !    
*oir cl]e/ory1 ! nor? transept1 & ! nor?
 nave aisle4 ,! two l>ge w9d[s on ea*   
side ( ! ,lady ,*apel are s wide z to   
p]mit ( f\r lancets 9 ea*4 ,! treatm5t  
is ! same ?r\gh\t3 a broad col\r$ bord] 
encloses a grisaille field1 across !    

middle ?ird ( :i* is a col\r$ figure "u 
a canopy1 :i* ( c\rse has n yet acquir$ 
a p$e/al4 ,evid5ce ( c>eful att5tion to 
detail is se5 9 ! bord]s1 :i* are n only
 v elaborate1 b are also enliv5$ 9 "o   
case by a numb] ( little gre5 birds1 9  
ano!r by br[n squirrels1 & 9 a ?ird by  
:ite angels play+ musical in/rum5ts4    
,?is feature is b r>ely met4 ,! mod]n   
glass 9 ! ?ree ea/]ly w9d[s is r5d]$    
h>mless by ! height ( ! alt> ris+ 9     
front ( !m4 ,broad col\r$ bord]s are    
also f\nd ar\nd ! cl]e/ory1 b !re ea*   
enclos$ surface ( grisaille has to rely 
= its adornm5t ^u five r\nd blue bosses 
sur*>g$ ) gold5 sunbur/s4 ,! ?ree       
ea/]nmo/ panels1 h[ev]1 be> l>ge col\r$ 
figures1 ! c5tral "o be+ ,*ri/ on !     
,cross4 ,! rose 9 ! nor? transept is ( !
 :eel type1 & is too pale1 because ( !  
excessive use ( col\rless glass1        
especially 9 ! radiat+ arms4 ,at ! end (
 ea* arm & also at o!r po9ts are        
introduc$ m$allions ( mosaic patt]n4 ,! 
light is admitt$ 9 accordance ) !       

conv5tions1 b ! contra/ is too great    
betwe5 ! pla9 & ! mosaic panes4 ,?is    
same contra/ is ev5 m unpleasant 9 !    
*apel j at ! junction ( ?is transept & !
 *oir ambulatory :]e a few mosaic       
m$allions are frankly plac$ on a light  
field1 )\t ev5 ! plausible excuse !re=  
:i* is af=d$ 9 ! rose above by c]ta9    
r\nd ap]tures especially suit$ =        
m$allions4 ,! arti/ is evid5tly /ill    
grop+ = a satisfactory adju/m5t ( 8     
design & col\r to ! dem& = light4 ,?is  
p]iod is also exemplifi$1 al?\gh 9 a    
diff]5t way1 9 ! second1 fif?1 six? &   
eigh? w9d[s 9 ! nor? nave aisle4 ,!re1  
across ! l[] "p ( ! light qu>ries 9 ea* 
( ! f\r lancets1 is plac$ a col\r$      
figure beh9d :om hangs a curta9 (       
contra/+ col\r1 b entirely lack+ canopy 
fram+2 ea* lancet is surr\nd$ by a gay  
bord]4 ,?is treatm5t is n s pleas+ z t j
 obs]v$ 9 ! ,lady ,*apel1 = ! nave      
figures lack ! f9i%$ appe>ance !re l5t  
by ! canopy fram+4 ,! small curta9 is   
bett] ?an no backgr\nd at all1 b we are 

/ill evid5tly 9 transition4  ,( !       
fifte5? c5tury glass 9 ! ca!dral1 b     
little c be said2 t 9 ! s\? transept    
rose is good1 :ile ! *apel lead+ f t    
transept to ! *oir ambulatory conta9s   
two l(ty-p9nacl$ canopy w9d[s t w\ld be 
excell5t if !y 7 n m>r$ by _! upp] panes
 be+ fill$ 9 ) disjo9t$ fragm5ts (      
?irte5? c5tury m$allions4  ,at ,/4      
,macl\ 7see page #bea7 t5 out ( ! twelve
 w9d[s 9 ! semi-circle ( f\r *apels at !
 ea/ end ( ! *oir conta9 a s(tly lovely 
set ( fifte5? c5tury canopies ^: l(ty & 
intricate p9nacles are delicately outl9$
 aga9/ backgr\nds ( lilac1 blue1 gre51  
etc41 always 9 ! light] %ades4 ,! l[]   
p>ts ( ^! w9d[s h n f>$ s well z ! upp] 
portions1 b !y h n be5 damag$ en\gh to  
detract f ! g5]al effect4 ,s light are  
mo/ ( ! tones us$1 t "o fe>s ! ensemble 
w appe> too pale :5 view$ f ! prop]     
di/ance2 b su* is n ! case1 ?anks to !  
admirable h>mony betwe5 ! s(t col\rs & !
 da9ty canopies4  ,an occasional fifte5?
 c5tury panel is to be met ) else:]e 9  

,r\5 7i4e41 ! we/]nmo/ 9 ! nor? wall at 
,/4 ,v9c5t71 b !y are nei!r suffici5tly 
num]\s nor notewor?y to be cit$ "h4 ,we 
%all c>ry away z our *ief s\v5irs ( ?is 
prelim9>y visit to ,r\51 memories ( !   
complete glaz+ ( ,/4 ,ou51 ! v>i$       
exhibition ( contempor>y transitional   
types f\nd at ! ,ca!dral1 & ,/4 ,macl\'s
 delicately t9t$ half-circle ( ea/]n    
*apels4   ,,b\rges  ,:5 we visit$ !     
,ca!dral ( ,b\rges to inspect ! glass ( 
! ?irte5? c5tury 7see page #db7 we      
ref]r$ to t ( ! fifte5? :i* fills !     
w9d[s ( ! nave *apels4 ,x is to inspect 
^! t we n[ make our second visit4 ,x is 
v usual = *apels to radiate f ar\nd !   
*oir ( a *ur*1 b r>] to f9d !m introduc$
 into ! side walls ( ! nave aft] !      
completion ( ! edifice4 ,p]haps x w\ld n
 prove s em95tly satisfactory at ,b\rges
 if x 7 n = ! fact t ! ca!dral lacks    
transepts2 b :atev] ! reason1 ! result 9
 ?is in/ance is admirable4 ,! w9d[      
ap]tures ( ^! nave *apels indicate t !y 
7 con/ruct$ at a lat] p]iod ?an ! re/ ( 

! ca!dral1 = in/ead ( ! s+le broad w9d[s
 :i* we f9d else:]e ab\t ! int]ior1 !   
light+ ( ea* *apel is effect$ by a gr\p 
( lancets b\nd toge!r to =m "o v wide   
w9d[ space1 ! lancets be+ sep>at$ only  
by n>r[ /one mullions4 ,to ?is          
ar*itectural indication ( date is add$ t
 ( ! glass1 :i* is among ! be/ t is kn[n
 ( ! fifte5? c5tury canopy type4 ,!     
glaz+ ( ^! *apels v>ies greatly 9       
excell5ce1 b is always good4 ,9 almo/ e 
case ! w9d[s consi/ ( f\r lancets4 ,we  
note "h ! cu/om ( plac+ ^u ! w9d[ a     
small kneel+ figure ( ! donor1 & f      
contempor>y pa9t+s we are able to affirm
 t ! glass arti/ made ^! portraits z    
p]fect z 8 skill p]mitt$4 ,9 ! *apel    
giv5 by ,pi]re ,tr\sseau n only d we f9d
 ! donor b also 8 si/] & 8 two bro!rs4  
,?is t5d5cy to introduce v>i\s memb]s ( 
! family increas$ /eadily 9 vogue1 s mu*
 s t 9 ! sixte5? c5tury we %all (t5 f9d 
two or ?ree g5]ations kneel+ 9 a r[ 9 ! 
l[] panels4 ,9 ! fir/ two *apels on !   
left ! p]sonages hold 9 _! h&s long w9d+

 scrolls on :i* !re is writ+4 ,?is =m ( 
decoration 0 also mu* elaborat$ 9 ! next
 c5tury1 & v successfully1 too4 ,b !    
greate/ ( all fifte5? c5tury *apels is !
 mo/ ea/]ly "o on ! nor?1 j at ! po9t   
:]e ! *oir *apels succe$ to ^? ( ! nave4
 ,x 0 giv5 by ,jacques ,coeur1 ! m]*ant 
pr9ce ( ,b\rges1 :o became treasur] (   
,france "u ,*>les ,,vii4 ,x is z        
beautiful 9 detail & ensemble z a canopy
 w9d[ has ev] be5 made4 ,! mullions     
sep>at+ its f\r lancets are n all[$ to  
int]f]e ) ! "o great subject t ext5ds   
ov] !m all4 ,across ! top ( ?is picture 
is c>ri$ ! mo/ elaborate ,go?ic dome ev]
 attempt$ 9 glass pa9t+4 ,! ceil+ b5ea? 
x is blue spr9kl$ ) gold5 />s1 & ! gro9+
 ( ! ar*es :i* support x is gold5 also4 
,! robes ( ! figures1 beautiful 9       
comb9ation ( col\r1 are elaborat$ to !  
la/ degree ( decorative detail4 ,notice 
along ! edge ( ! kneel+ sa9t's robe a r[
 ( simulat$ embroid]y panels gay ) col\r
 & gold4 ,x is cle> t ,jacques ,coeur   
employ$ ^u ?is w9d[ ! be/ glass arti/ to

 be f\nd1 j z he mu/ h engag$ ! mo/     
skillful ar*itects & build]s = 8 palace1
 to ! glories ( :i* we allud$ 9 our     
?irte5? c5tury pilgrimage4 ,?is w9d[ & t
 dwell+ /amp him z "o ( ! mo/           
intellig5tly appreciative patrons ( !   
arts :i* 8 "t produc$4  ,! fact t !     
ca!dral is built ^u ! edge ( ! old      
,roman walls makes possible a           
well-light$ crypt in/ead ( ! gloomy     
cav]n g5]ally f\nd b5ea? ! *oirs ( mo/  
ca!drals4 ,9 ! embrasures at ! ea/]n end
 ( ?is l[] *ur* or crypt h be5 plac$ a  
set ( fifte5? c5tury w9d[s tak5 f ! old 
,/e4 ,*apelle ( ,b\rges1 ea* consi/+ (  
f\r canopies4 ,"u ! two c5tral ones (   
ea* /& ! col\r$ figures 9 ! usual way1 b
 "u ! two out] canopies ! figures are   
p>tly conceal$ beh9d simulat$           
ar*itectural columns4 ,?is unique       
arrangem5t s]ves to r5d] ! glass        
ar*itecture all ! m conv9c+4 ,x w\ld h  
be5 well if o!r t[ns _h foll[$ ! example
 set by ,b\rges 9 ?us pres]v+ 9 "s      
/ore-h\se l a ca!dral ! glass ( o!r     

edifices :i* _h to be de/roy$4  ,if we  
travel by automobile f ,b\rges to       
,cl]mont-,f]r&1 we w probably elect to  
pass ?r\gh ,nev]s & ,m\l9s4 ,we h       
already advis$ ! railway travell] n to  
alight at ,m\l9s & he w probably n d s  
at ,nev]s4 ,ab\t ! latt] we w say b a   
^w4 ,al?\gh ! ca!dral has a special     
int]e/ 9 t x is "o ( ! two *ur*es 9     
,france hav+ an apse at its we/]n z well
 z its ea/]n end 7! o!r is at           
,besancon71 x ne$ n deta9 him1 because x
 has no old glass4 ,if he decides to /op
 to look at ! ca!dral1 he %\ld n fail to
 see ! old palace ( ! ,dukes ( ,b\rbon1 
) ! /ory ( ,loh5gr9 c>v$ by ,jean ,g\jon
 on ! outside ( its graceful spiral     
/aircase4   ,,m\l9s  ,if our pilgrim 9  
go+ s\? f ,b\rges to ,cl]mont-,f]r&     
pass$ ?r\gh ,nev]s1 ?is slight det\r has
 br\ght ,m\l9s "r ^u 8 road4 ,9 ?is ev5t
 he mu/ avail himself ( ! opportunity to
 visit ! ca!dral1 because its glass1    
al?\gh n ( suffici5t importance to dem& 
break+ a railway j\rney1 is di/9ctly    

wor? see+ if he is pass+ ! door4        
,besides1 ! sacri/y ( ?is *ur* conta9s !
 spl5did fifte5? c5tury tripty*1 s long 
attribut$ to ,ghirl&ajo1 b n[ conc$$ to 
h be5 ! "w ( an unkn[n ,m\l9s pa9t] :o1 
= want ( m p>ticul> in=mation1 is call$ 
! ,ma/] ( ,m\l9s4 ,ar\nd ! *oir         
ambulatory !re are a few canopy w9d[s ( 
! fifte5? c5tury4 ,mo/ ( !m are good1 b 
"o on ! nor? side is q rem>kable & %\ld 
be p>ticul>ly notic$4 ,! sc5e depict$ is
 ! ,crucifixion & ! backgr\nd seems to  
be ( a deep ruby4 ,clos] inspection %[s 
x to consi/ ( a multitude ( t9y r$      
angels s cr[d$ toge!r z to give !       
effect1 :5 view$ f a little di/ance1 ( a
 ri*ly damask$ surface4 ,! result is z  
satisfactory z ! me?od ( obta9+ x is    
orig9al4 ,!re are also "s good sixte5?  
c5tury w9d[s ar\nd ! *oir :i* are easily
 di/+ui%able because ! ar*itecture ( _! 
canopies is s obvi\sly ,r5aissance & s  
f> remov$ f ,go?ic4  ,z ! automobili/ or
 bicycli/ passes ?r\gh ?is t[n1 he w be 
/ruck by ! attractive local feature (   

l>ge diamond-%ap$ patt]ns 9 black or d>k
 bricks on ! r$ brick walls ( ! h\ses4  
,! effect is mo/ decorative4   ,,riom   
,on our trip s\? f ,m\l9s we come ^u    
,riom1 a quiet little place liv+ on its 
memories ( m$iaeval importance &        
treasur+ )9 ! %ady circle ( its         
wall-replac+ b\lev>ds _m f9e h\ses & o!r
 te/imonials to its =m] weal? &         
importance4 ,9 an old-_w c\ntry l       
,france x is n unusual to f9d /rik+     
contra/s betwe5 ^? p>ts ( a city :i* h  
be5 absolutely mod]nis$ & o!r portions  
/ill pres]v+ _! anci5t appe>ance4       
,betwe5 neighb\r+ t[ns1 h[ev]1 x is n   
(t5 t we %all notice s />tl+ a diff]5ce 
z is effect$ by ! #ad kilometres sep>at+
 ,riom f ,cl]mont-,f]r&4 ,x seems       
impossible1 :ile 9 ! quiet /reets ( ?is 
t[n1 to realise t we are s ne> ! busy   
city ( ,cl]mont-,f]r&1 active 9 _m mod]n
 manufactur+ indu/ries1 a railway c5tre1
 9 %ort1 a di/9ctly tw5tie? c5tury      
community4 ,geographically ^? few       
kilometres are only a /ep1 b hi/orically

 !y w transport u f\r or five c5turies4 
,"h we are 9 an atmosph]e n lat] ?an !  
sixte5? c5tury1 al?\gh = glass lov]s !  
int]e/ ( ! place goes back /ill ano!r4  
,! fifte5? c5tury feature :i* attracts u
 mo/ 9 ,riom is ! ,/e4 ,*apelle1 :i* n[ 
s]ves z ! *apel = ! ,palais de ,ju/ice1 
?r\gh :i* we mu/ pass to rea* x4 ,!     
practical h& ( ! alt]+ ar*itect has     
fall5 heavily ^u ?is beautiful *apel4 ,9
 #ahbb he took away its l[] "p 9 ord] to
 ga9 room = ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals :i* is j 
bel[4 ,he graci\sly all[$ ! upp] half to
 rema9 a *apel1 b1 ( c\rse1 !           
introduction ( a new floor at half !    
height ( ! orig9al build+ caus$ !       
de/ruction ( ! l[] portions ( ! sev5 f9e
 w9d[s4 ,ea* has f\r l>ge lancets & is a
 rem>kable example ( ! highly-develop$  
canopy type ( ! middle ( ! fifte5?      
c5tury4 ,^u ^! are display$ a great     
company ( ri*ly attir$ p]sonages1 af=d+ 
u a r>e opportunity to obs]ve ! dress ( 
! upp] classes ( t day4 ,! jewels1 furs 
& o!r decorative details are n m m9utely

 /udi$ ?an are ! ar*itectural features (
 ! canopies4 ,ea* figure holds 9 its h&s
 a long pap] scroll ^u :i* !re is writ+4
 ,^! scrolls =m a mo/ effective &       
agreeable feature1 & _! use z a =m (    
decoration 0 frequ5tly se5 dur+ t       
c5tury4 ,x appe>s at its be/ 9 ! ,tree (
 ,life rose 9 ! s\? transept at         
,c>cassone4 ,! f\r c5tral panels at !   
bottom conta9 ! donors1 always an       
attractive detail if only !y are mode/ 9
 size & plac+4 ,we %\ld try to see ^!   
w9d[s on a ra9y or grey day4 ,x mu/ be  
rememb]$ t we no long] view !m f bel[ z 
_! arti/ orig9ally int5d$1 because !    
action ( ! ar*itect 9 #ahbb has br\ght u
 up on a level ) !m4 ,! *apel is s small
 & ! w9d[s s l>ge t if ! day is sunny we
 are n able to )draw a suffici5t di/ance
 to readju/ ! p]spective1 & !re=e a dull
 day1 by s(t5+ ! light1 greatly         
increases _! *>m4   ,illu/ration3 #ae,,?
 ,,c5tury ,,canopy ,,w9d[1 ,,sa9te      
,,*apelle1 ,,riom4      ,go?ic details  
c>efully elaborat$4 ,curta9s susp5d$    

across      backs ( ni*es give ! arti/  
ano!r col\r1 :ile :ite      w9d+ scrolls
 assi/ canopy portions 9 admitt+ light4 
,donors are "h m important b n yet      
intrusive1 z se5      lat]4             
,,cl]mont-,,f]r&  ,! situation ( ?is    
city is z beautiful z x is rem>kable4   
,imag9e a long1 f]tile pla9 f :i* rises 
sudd5ly a great range ( hills4 ,! pla9  
is monoton\sly flat & ! hills are       
abruptly /eep1 :ile high] ?an all _!    
heights t[]s ! r\nd-topp$ m\nta9 (      
,puy-de-,dome1 :i* gives its "n to ?is  
dep>tm5t ( ,france4 ,ne/l+ j bel[ !     
hills1 ^u ! extreme we/]n edge ( ! level
 c\ntry1 lies ! vigor\s & progressive   
city ( ,cl]mont-,f]r&1 ^: activities &  
comm]ce are f$ by roads lead+ 9 e       
direction across ! broad expanse ( !    
f]tile di/rict ( ,limagne4 ,f ! top ( ! 
ca!dral t[] ! view is mo/ /rik+ &       
delightful4 ,to ! ea/1 z f> z ! eye c   
rea*1 /ret*es out a long vi/a (         
cultivat$ fields1 b :5 we turn to ! we/ 
! *ange is positively />tl+4 ,hill is   

pil$ on hill & m\nta9 on m\nta91 & all s
 ne> at h& z to make u feel t1 ) ! nak$ 
eye1 we c disc]n figures mov+ on ! top (
 ! ,puy-de-,dome1 ^: knob-l cre/ t[]s   
pr\dly above its surr\nd+ & support+    
heights4 ,!re are b few views l ?is 9   
,france1 = x is r>e to f9d s bold a     
range ( hills ris+ s %>ply f s wide a   
pla94  ,aft] desc5d+ ! _m /eps :i* take 
u back into ! ca!dral1 we %all soon be  
conv9c$ t if mo/ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury     
glass t[ns _h n be5 s accessible to     
,p>is1 a visit to ?is ca!dral mu/ h be5 
sugge/$ 9 ord] to see ! f9e set (       
m$allion w9d[s t 9 ! apse *apels =m a   
scre5 ( gleam+ sombre col\r all ar\nd ! 
*oir--a scre5 s complete z to produce t 
effect ( gli/5+ cav]ns :i* we h f\nd s  
beautiful 9 ! glass ( t c5tury4         
,cl]mont-,f]r& 0 left (f ! ?irte5?      
c5tury li/ p>tly because ( its di/ance f
 ,p>is1 & p>tly because1 if t di/ance _h
 be5 ov]come1 !re are no o!r t[ns 9 its 
vic9ity notewor?y = _! ?irte5? c5tury   
glass4 ,n[ t we are consid]+ ! glass ( !

 f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 di/ance f  
,p>is no long] proves an argum5t aga9/  
?is visit1 because t p]iod _c be se5    
unless "o is will+ to g f> afield4      
,besides1 ,cl]mont-,f]r& fits nicely    
into a s]ies ( t[ns ri* 9 glass ( ^!    
c5turies1 s we h e reason = ! visit at  
?is juncture4 ,! ca!dral is a noble     
example ( ,go?ic1 ! spaci\s nave be+    
sep>at$ f ! *oir by two transepts1 ea* (
 :i* possesses a f9e rose w9d[ ( !      
f\rte5? c5tury ) a gall]y ( small       
lancets bel[4 ,^! rose w9d[s seem ?ru/  
too high up aga9/ ! ro(2 9 fact1 if x 7 
n = ! r[ ( lancets bel[1 ! effect w\ld  
be unpleasant4 ,?is me?od ( plac+ !m 9 !
 wall is1 h[ev]1 9 accordance ) ! be/   
traditions ( t "t4 ,! glass panels :i* g
 to make up ! rose w9d[s radiate 9      
di/9ct l9es f ! c5tre4 ,! lancets bel[ !
 s\? rose are fill$ ) diap] 9 ri* col\r1
 :ile across !m1 z if to b9d !m toge!r1 
are drawn two b&s ( :ite rosettes4 ,!   
lancets "u ! nor? rose h circles & spots
 ( col\r on a grisaille gr\nd4 ,( !     

glass t once adorn$ ! nave1 practically 
no?+ rema9s b ! small roses at ! tops ( 
! w9d[s1 b ^! are q attractive4 ,x is to
 ! *oir t we mu/ turn = ! greate/ *>m ( 
! int]ior4 ,! sob] ri*ness ( ! ?irte5?  
c5tury panels 9 ! *apels bel[ is        
admirably set (f & accompani$ by !      
well-light$ cl]e/ory above4 ,ar\nd ?is  
cl]e/ory appe>s a r[ ( l>ge fifte5?     
c5tury figures 9 col\r fram$ 9 canopies 
^u a backgr\nd ( grisaille qu>ries      
7diamond-%ap$ panes74 ,p]haps !re is a  
little too mu* contra/ betwe5 ! figures 
& ! qu>ries1 b ! effect is good &       
c]ta9ly ! light is admitt$ 9 a m        
satisfactory way ?an at ,*>tres1 :]e !  
monks1 to secure m light1 replac$ ! ri* 
bord]s ( ! e>ly *oir cl]e/ory w9d[s by  
:ite glass4 ,z se5 f ! nave or f !      
transepts1 ! *oir is mo/ pleas+1 a w>m  
half light bel[ & a brilliant cl]e/ory  
above4 ,9 ! two ea/]nmo/ panels ( !     
latt] ! arti/ %[s u h[ x 0 sometimes    
possible to make "o l>ge picture by !   
juxtaposition ( two or m1 :i* at fir/   

glance seem entirely di/9ct4 ,on ! left 
is ! ,virg9 ,m>y 9 :at appe>s to be a   
l>ge oval frame4 ,on ! "r1 & fac+ h]1 is
 a bu/ ( ! ,fa!r em]g+ f cl\ds4 ,al?\gh 
at fir/ ^! two panels seem entirely     
sep>ate1 a comp>ison ( ! subject ( ea*  
indicates t tak5 toge!r !y =m a picture 
( ! ,annunciation4 ,?is me?od 0 n       
uncommon4 ,at ,t\rs1 ?ree ea/]n         
m$allions ( ! cl]e/ory1 al?\gh seem+ly  
di/9ct1 really comb9e to =m ! ,la/      
,supp]4 ,we %\ld n fail to notice at    
,cl]mont-,f]r& h[ v h>moni\sly ! /yles (
 diff]5t c5turies assi/ ea* o!r 9       
produc+ a well-glaz$ int]ior4 ,we d n   
f9d ! conflict 9 effect :i* exi/s at    
,b\rges4 ,9 fact1 !re are b few places  
:]e glass epo*s are comb9$ 9 su* an     
attractively unobtrusive mann]4         
,,eym\ti]s  ,:5 f ! top ( ,cl]mont-,f]r&
 ,ca!dral we view$ ! m\nta9s ( !        
,puy-de-,dome range1 x seem$ n only t   
anyone plann+ a trip across !m w\ld h a 
difficult climb1 b t any idea ( go+ by  
tra9 0 an impossibility4 ,mod]n eng9e]+ 

skill1 h[ev]1 ov]comes all ob/acles1    
/ops at no?+1 & ! railway awaits our    
comm& to take u ov] ! m\nta9s to        
,eym\ti]s & ,limoges4 ,! grades are s   
/eep t no expresses are attempt$ & !re=e
 we h be=e u a t$i\s five-h\r trip on a 
way tra94 ,! fir/ & ! la/ p>ts ( ?is    
j\rney are v delightful = ! automobili/ 
or bicycli/1 because ( ! views reveal$ f
 "t to "t by ! w9d+s ( ! road4 ,m ?an   
half ! trip1 h[ev]1 is q un9t]e/+1 z !  
way lies ?r\gh clefts 9 ! hills at too  
great an elevation = mu* foliage or     
v]dure4 ,:5 we desc5d to ! village (    
,eym\ti]s on ! o!r side ( ! m\nta9s1 all
 ! difficulties & t$ium ( our climb w be
 =gott54 ,!re ! travell] w f9d a *>m+   
little inn by ! riv]1 :]e he c h a      
delici\s repa/ ( tr\t f ! neighb\r+     
m\nta9 /ream4 ,he w be s]v$ on a cosy   
t]race1 :i* is %elt]$ f ! sun by v9es & 
cool$ by a t9kl+ f\nta9 %oot+ into ! air
 a sl5d] spray ( icy wat]4 ,z a glass   
%r9e1 ,eym\ti]s is "o ( ! mo/ delightful
 t our pilgrim w meet on 8 travels & "o 

to :i* 8 memory w (t5 pleasantly rev]t4 
,he ne$ n look ab\t = a ca!dral or = any
 great religi\s edifice4 ,in/ead1 he w  
f9d a qua9t1 oddly-%ap$ *ur* ^: old]    
we/]n half is s dimly light$ by its few 
deeply-embrasur$ w9d[s z to provide an  
excell5t foil = ! silv]y light ( !      
f\rte5 t illum9e ! ea/]n half4 ,we _c   
prop]ly call x ! *oir end1 because !    
*ur* seems to h ?ree *oirs plac$ side by
 side1 op5+ into ea* o!r1 ! c5tral "o   
ext5d+ a little m to ! ea/ ?an its two  
si/]s4 ,at ! ,/e4 ,*apelle 9 ,p>is we h 
obs]v$ t ! deeply-hu$ m$allion w9d[s ( !
 ?irte5? c5tury 7 n suit$ to a small    
int]ior--t _! mat]ials & con/ruction    
requir$ t !y be view$ f ! great] di/ance
 af=d$ )9 a ca!dral 9 ord] to yield to !
 obs]v] a prop]ly comb9$ gl[ f _! w>m? (
 col\r4 ,on ! o!r h&1 at ,eym\ti]s1 we  
%all le>n t ! canopy w9d[ is z beautiful
 9 its s(t light+ ( a small int]ior z at
 ,b\rges x is appropriate 9 ! l[] w9d[s 
( a great nave1 or at ,quimp] 9 its     
delicate illum9ation ( a spl5did        

cl]e/ory4 ,be=e we h be5 long 9 ! little
 ,eym\ti]s *ur* we %all beg9 to notice t
 ! lat] w9d[s 9 ! c5tral ea/]n bay h mu*
 m col\r ?an ! e>li] ones 9 ! "r & left 
ones4 ,9 ^! two side bays ! figures h   
only "o col\r besides :ite 9 _! co/umes1
 & b "o also 9 ! backgr\nds2 :ile on !  
o!r h&1 9 ! c5tral bay ! figures h nev] 
less ?an two col\rs 9 _! co/umes2 &     
fur!r1 t besides ! "o 9 _! backgr\nds1  
an additional col\r is !re contribut$ by
 a curta9 /ret*$ across ! ni*es1        
%\ld]-high1 beh9d ! figures4 ,!n1 too1  
^! lat] figures 9 ! c5tral bay h col\r$ 
halos1 & ! little ceil+s "u ! canopies  
b5ea? :i* !y /& are brightly t9t$4 ,!   
local au?orities date ! glaz+ ( ! c5tral
 bay f ! latt] "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury & t
 ( ! two side ones f ! middle4 ,!       
diff]5ce 9 ! col\r s*emes ( ! two sets  
confirms ?is dat+4 ,?is same m>k$       
diff]5ce 9 ! numb] ( col\rs exi/s at    
,quimp]1 :]e ! *oir w9d[s glaz$ 9 ! fir/
 ye>s ( ! fifte5? c5tury h b few t9ts1  
:ile1 on ! o!r h&1 !re are _m 9 ^? ( !  

nave :i* date f ! latt] "p ( t c5tury4  
,z acc5tuat+ ?is enri*m5t ( ! arti/'s   
palette :i* ! passage ( "t seem$ to     
effect1 x is noticeable t ! e>ly trac]y 
light+s ( ! two side bays are v light 9 
tone1 be+ mo/ly :ite or "s fa9t hue or  
yell[ /a91 :ile ! lat] trac]ies ( !     
c5tral bay conta9 deep r$s & blues1 etc4
 ,a close exam9ation ( ^! w9d[s repays u
 by reveal+ sev]al qua9t manife/ations (
 ! /rict adh]5ce to tradition = :i* !   
m$iaeval glass arti/s are not$4         
,contempor>y conv5tions dem&$ t ,/4     
,*ri/oph] h a tessellat$ pavem5t z !    
floor ( 8 canopy1 b ! leg5d requires t  
he mu/ /& 9 wat]1 s we f9d n only !     
pavem5t b also ^u x a semi-circul> pool 
( wat] 9 :i* ! sa9t /&s4 ,s1 too1 !     
,virg9 ,m>y is pois$ ^u a halfmoon-%ap$ 
cl\d1 neatly balanc$ on ! conv5tional   
pavem5t4 ,?\gh ^! little t\*es make u   
mod]ns smile1 !y 7 d\btless at ! "t     
approv$ z %[+ t ! arti/ 0 well s*ool$4  
,our read] %\ld make e ef=t to visit    
,eym\ti]s1 = !re he w truly feel !      

delicate *>m ( ! canopy w9d[4 ,! *ur* is
 glaz$ ?r\gh\t 9 "o /yle & z a type (   
p]fection w l+] 9 8 memory 9 mu* ! same 
way z ,/e4 ,foy at ,con*es1 :i* we w    
visit lat] = its sixte5? c5tury glass4  
,! canopy w9d[1 :5 prop]ly plac$1 yields
 a f> s(t] beauty ?an any glass c %[ 9 !
 c5tury be=e or ! c5tury t came aft]1 & 
x is greatly to be regrett$ t s few ( !m
 surviv$ ! /ress ( ^? battle-tr\bl$     
days4  ,be=e we />t on our way ov] roll+
 hills to ,limoges1 we mu/ n fail to    
obs]ve 9 ,eym\ti]s a c]ta9 qua9t cu/om (
 build+ di/9ctive ( t t[n4 ,! topmo/    
/ory ( almo/ all ! dwell+-h\ses is n    
wall$ up on ! /reet side4 ,?is op5 top  
floor is us$ to /ore fuel4 ,"u ! eaves  
!re is a pulley by :i* ! bundles ( wood 
are pull$ up f ! /reet by a block &     
tackle & swung 9 "u ! ro(4   ,,limoges  
,aft] a *>m+ ride ( fifty kilometres f  
,eym\ti]s1 we arrive at ,limoges1 slop+ 
picturesquely up f ! banks ( ! w9d+ riv]
 ,vi5ne4 ,we else:]e set out our reasons
 = believ+ t ! ,byzant9e influ5ce ^u !  

beg9n+s ( ,fr5* art 0 fir/ & mo/ pot5tly
 ex]cis$ at ,limoges1 ! cradle ( ,fr5*  
enamel4 ,aft] rema9+ dormant = c5turies1
 ! enamell]'s art has aga9 be5 quick5$  
into life 9 its old home4 ,its y\ng]    
si/]1 /a9$ glass1 h[ev]1 nev] seems to h
 return$ to its bir?place2 9 fact1 if x 
7 n necess>y to pass ?r\gh ,limoges on  
our way nor? f ,eym\ti]s1 we w\ld n h   
includ$ x 9 ?is trip4 ,:ile ! ca!dral   
conta9s "s f\rte5? c5tury glass1 x lacks
 suffici5t quantity or quality to repay 
"o com+ f a di/ance to see x4 ,f        
,eym\ti]s our r\te takes u ?r\gh        
,limoges1 & :at x c %[ ( glass1 we1 l   
consci5ti\s pilgrims1 mu/ n fail to     
inspect4 ,n[ = ! ca!dral6               
,ar*itecturally x is v satisfactory4 ,j 
inside ! we/ door ( ! nave !re is a     
f9ely-c>v$ /one jube or ar*1 9 fact s   
good is x t we %all n see a bett] except
 9 ! little *ur* ( ,la ,madele9e at     
,troyes1 or 9 ,/4 ,eti5ne-du-,mont 9    
,p>is4 ,ar\nd ! cl]e/ory ( ! *oir are   
?irte5 d\ble lancet w9d[s1 pres5t$ 9 !  

f\rte5? c5tury by ,bi%op ,pi]re ,rodi]4 
,un=tunately1 only two ( !m 7^? ( ,/e4  
,val]ie & ,/4 ,m>tial7 are pres]v$      
intact1 b ! o!rs h be5 s judici\sly     
re/or$ t we h a v good idea ( h[ !y     
orig9ally look$4 ,!y consi/ ( l>ge      
col\r$ figures 9 canopies1 surr\nd$1    
h[ev]1 by too mu* grisaille4 ,!         
revulsion f too little light 9 ! prec$+ 
c5tury sometimes produc$ ! curse ( too  
mu* 9 ! f\rte5?4 ,?is plac+ ( subjects  
^u a light surface _c help b cause an   
unpleasant contra/ betwe5 its s(t tone &
 ! /rong] col\r ( ! figures4 ,9 !       
ambulatory *apels on ! nor? side ( !    
*oir1 !re are two complete w9d[s ( ?is  
p]iod1 bo? ( !m grisaille ) gay h]aldic 
devices & col\r$ bord]s4 ,9 "o ! light  
field is arrang$ 9 qu>ries 7diamond-%ap$
 spaces71 ea* qu>ry hav+ its own little 
bord] ( col\r2 ?is is v unusual4 ,"h !  
contra/ ( ri* tones & grisaille is n s  
disagreeable z 9 ! cl]e/ory4 ,9 ! s\?   
transept is a l>ge rose w9d[ conta9+    
conv5tional designs 9 r$ & blue1 b no   

figures4 ,we f9d ! same objection to !  
plac+ ( ?is w9d[ & to its con/ruction t 
we did to ! rose w9d[s at               
,cl]mont-,f]r&3 x is too high up & seems
 cr[d$ aga9/ ! ro(1 :ile its l9es       
radiate s obvi\sly f ! c5tre z to make x
 resemble a :eel1 ^: spokes are too     
?ick4 ,! c5tury be=e did well to h      
m$allions plac$ ar\nd ! c5tral op5+ (   
its rose w9d[s1 = !y gave ! effect ( a  
huge blossom & n ! /iff look ( a :eel4  
,z we leave ,limoges on our way to      
,poiti]s we %all f9d1 if we travel by   
automobile or bicycle1 t ! road along ! 
,vi5ne1 foll[+ ! picturesque w9d+s ( t  
*>m+ riv]1 is "o ( ! mo/ delightful 9   
all ,france4   ,,poiti]s  ,^u "o ( our  
?irte5? c5tury pilgrimages ! read] has  
already be5 tak5 to ,poiti]s 7see page  
#dg74 ,n only has he visit$ ! ca!dral & 
se5 its glori\s ,crucifixion w9d[1 b he 
has also ent]$ ! small] *ur* ( ,/4      
,radegonde to view ! ?irte5? c5tury     
glass !re4 ,= ! purpose ( ?is trip he   
mu/ aga9 repair to ! latt] *ur* to see a

 unique manife/ation ( ! effect produc$ 
by ! new dem& = m light1 :i* is ! mo/   
m>k$ feature ( ! ta/e 9 glass ( !       
f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! w9d[s :i* we are n[  
seek+ are ! f\r 9 ! nor? wall betwe5 !  
nor? portal & ! *oir4 ,!y are und\bt$ly 
int]e/+1 b c h>dly be call$ beautiful4  
,9 ord] to admit z mu* light z possible1
 ! great] "p ( _! surfaces is fill$ )   
light gre5i%-grey grisaille1 ^: design  
is t ( a numb] ( circles1 ea* circle    
imp++ on ! next4 ,scatt]$ irregul>ly ^u 
! grisaille are _m small-siz$ p]sonages 
9 deep col\r4 ,ar\nd ! :ole is a        
brilliant bord]4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ! gay
 hues ( ! figures 7& also ( ! bord]7 & !
 light tone ( ! grisaille is n only too 
%>p to be pleasant1 b x also de/roys !  
h>moni\s ensemble :i* is ! great *>m 9 !
 e>ly canopy w9d[4 ,x seems logical t ! 
light-admitt+ canopy %\ld be us$ z a    
frame = ! ri*ly-col\r$ figure :i* x     
encloses1 b !re is no arti/ic excuse =  
spott+ light grisaille ) %>ply-outl9$1  
/rongly-ton$ figures1 & !n fram+ ! :ole 

by ! h>% l9es ( a col\r$ conv5tional    
bord]4 ,at ,b\rges ! beauties ( !       
?irte5? & fifte5? c5turies c be se5 at !
 same "t1 & ea* enjoy$1 al?\gh = diff]5t
 reasons4 ,"h at ,/4 ,radegonde1 h[ev]1 
! *>m+ ?irte5? c5tury rose w9d[ above ! 
nor? portal enjoys an easy victory ov] !
 gl>+ contra/s ( its f\rte5? c5tury     
neighb\rs4 ,! latt] %\ld be inspect$    
because !y are unique 9 _! elaborate    
me?od ( admitt+ light1 b !y po9t to a   
road :i* %\ld n be foll[$4 ,x is int]e/+
 to note t at ! "t ( _! con/ruction ^!  
w9d[s 7 v highly consid]$4 ,!re 0 no    
reason :y !y %\ld n h be5 ( ! be/1      
because ?is *ur* has long b5efit$ by !  
g5]osity ( pilgrims to ! tomb ( ! sa9t  
b5ea? its *oir4 ,among ^! none 0 m      
devot$ ?an ,anne ( ,au/ria1 ! que5 (    
,l\is ,,xiii4 ,nor is ?is %r9e ! only   
attraction to ! pi\s :i* ! *ur* c boa/1 
= 9 ! s\? wall !re is a small recess    
protect$ by an iron grille enclos+ :at  
is repres5t$ to be a footpr9t ( ,jesus  
,*ri/4 ,?is is /ill an object ( mu*     

v5]ation4 ,^! facts mu/ be tak5 into    
consid]ation1 because a *ur* to :i*     
cr[ds ( vot>ies = c5turies resort$ w\ld 
surely conta9 no glass inappropriate to 
! weal? & high /&+ ( ^! pilgrims4 ,9    
fact1 a c]ta9 hallm>k is ?us giv5 its   
w9d[s1 :i* enables u by means ( x to    
judge ( ! ta/e ( ! "t4   ,,ang]s  ,!re  
is h>dly a religi\s edifice 9 exi/5ce   
:]e s _m p]iods ( glass are repres5t$ by
 su* uni=mly good examples z 9 ,/4      
,maurice ,ca!dral at ,ang]s4 ,9 a =m]   
visit 7see page #ee7 we obs]v$ t its    
nave conta9s ! greate/ am\nt ( twelf?   
c5tury "w :i* any ,fr5* *ur* c %[ & also
 t 9 its *oir & transepts !re are _m f9e
 m$allion w9d[s ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,n[ 
we w take up ! really gorge\s fifte5?   
c5tury glass1 beg9n+ ) ! two l>ge we/   
w9d[s ( ! nor? transept4 ,s elaborat$ & 
full ( ar*itectural detail are !y t _!  
canopies alone occupy m ?an half !      
entire w9d[ space4 ,we h g5]ally se5 !  
canopy us$ only z a frame1 b "h !re is m
 frame ?an picture6 ,ea* ( ^! two w9d[s 

conta9s f\r ni*es enclos+               
brilliantly-hu$ figures1 two 9 ! l[]    
half & two 9 ! upp] half ( ea* w9d[4 ,! 
glass =m+ ! canopy "p is mu* deep] 9    
tone ?an we h be5 accu/om$ to f9d1 hav+ 
a /rong gre5i% %ade simil> to t f\nd 9  
_m ,engli% f\rte5? c5tury canopies 7z1 =
 example1 ^? 9 ,new ,college ,*apel1    
,ox=d74 ,we h not$ be=e t ,engli% glass 
is g5]ally m highly col\r$ 9 ! f\rte5?  
?an 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 b ! contr>y is  
true 9 ,france1 :]e ! f\rte5? is mu*    
s(t] 9 tone ?an t f\nd 9 ! next c5tury4 
,^! w9d[s provide a case 9 po9t4 ,x is  
p]haps well t !y are s /rongly ton$1 =  
ev5 z x is1 !y seem r pale 9 comp>ison )
 ! e>ly m$allion w9d[s all ar\nd !m4 ,! 
embrasures :i* !y fill 7 built 9 !      
?irte5? c5tury & are !re=e l>g] ?an ^?  
g5]ally f\nd 9 ! fifte5?2 ! extremely   
/rong saddle b>s necess>y to support ?is
 great weight ( glass are s noticeable  
to ! obs]v] t !y seem to isolate !      
panels conta9+ ! figures & ?us hurt !   
frame effect ( ! canopy4 ,p]haps !      

pilgrim w f9d ?is comm5t is             
hyp]critical1 = ! w9d[s are und\bt$ly v 
effective4 ,!y 7 giv5 by ,bi%op         
,jean-,mi*el ab\t #addj4  ,"o is        
naturally curi\s to see ! "w done by an 
arti/ 9 8 home t[n1 = if n ( 8 be/1 x is
 apt to be typical & %[ ! influ5ce :i* 8
 natural environm5t ex]cis$ ^u him4 ,=  
?is reason we turn ) consid]able int]e/ 
to see :at 0 accompli%$ by ,&re ,rob91  
:5 call$ 9 #adeb to reglaze ! rose w9d[s
 ( ! transepts4 ,! /one trac]ies _h be5 
con/ruct$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & ?\gh x  
is difficult to adapt lat] glass to     
e>li] framework1 ! result "h has be5 v  
successful1 mu* m s ?an1 = example1 9 ! 
case ( ! we/ rose ( ! ,/e4 ,*apelle 9   
,p>is4 ,9 ! nor? rose w9d[ ,rob9 put !  
,resurrection4 ,*ri/ is 9 ! c5tre & f   
,him !re radiate sixte5 elongat$ panes  
be>+ yell[ & blue angels4 ,! resurrect$ 
dead are %[n 9 ! act ( pu%+ up ! cov]s (
 _! tombs1 a conv5tional me?od (        
repres5t+ !m4 ,above are little sc5es   
illu/rat+ ! occupations ( ea* mon? ( !  

ye>4 ,^u ! s\? rose !re appe> ! signs ( 
! zodiac1 & bel[ !m ! ,eld]s ( !        
,apocalypse4 ,9 ^! ,eld]s we may trace a
 ref]5ce to ! spl5did set ( ,apocalypse 
tape/ries :i* hang ar\nd ! int]ior4 ,!  
mo/ nor!rly w9d[ on ! ea/ side ( !      
transept is also by ,rob94 ,! subject is
 ! ,crucifixion1 & x 0 f9i%$ 9 #adii4 ,9
 ,ang]s !re is yet ano!r set ( fifte5?  
c5tury w9d[s1 & to see !m we mu/ g to ! 
little *ur* ( ,/4 ,s]ge1 9 ^: *oir we h 
already /udi$ ! *>m+ twelf? c5tury      
grisaille4 ,^! w9d[s are ( ! canopy type
 & are plac$ 9 ! nave cl]e/ory4 ,!re are
 ?ree on ea* side1 ! two we/]ly ones be+
 ( ?ree broad lancets ea* & ! ea/]ly "o 
( two lancets4 ,! col\r contra/s are    
good & ! ar*itecture 9 ! canopy fram+ v 
conv9c+1 bo? 9 size & adju/m5t4   ,,le  
,,mans  ,dur+ ! c\rse ( our =m] visit to
 ,le ,mans ,ca!dral 7see page #fj7 we   
rem>k$ t ! transepts 7 glaz$ 9 ! fifte5?
 c5tury4 ,! glass is good & ! nor? rose 
is p>ticul>ly well wor? see+4 ,( !      
transepts !mselves1 x may be said t no  

o!rs 9 all ,france are provid$ ) w9d[s 9
 su* a curi\sly irregul> way1 no two    
correspond+ portions ( wall hav+ ! same 
or ev5 simil> ones4 ,!re is no w9d[ at  
all 9 ! s\? transept end1 b in/ead !re  
is a solid wall aga9/ :i* ! organ is    
back$4 ,! we/ side ( ?is transept has   
two v l>ge w9d[s ) col\r$ bord]s fram+  
grisaille1 ^u :i* are small circles &   
squ>es4 ,on ! ea/ side ! wall has ev5   
few] op5+s4 ,cross+ ov] to ! nor?       
transept1 we f9d /ill m irregul>        
arrangem5t1 !re be+ a m>k$ diff]5ce 9   
am\nt ( w9d[ space1 z well z 9 ! %ape & 
adju/m5t betwe5 ! ea/ & ! we/ wall4 ,!re
 is1 h[ev]1 a di/9ct improvem5t ov] !   
s\? transept 9 t "h !re are canopy w9d[s
 & t1 too1 ( no ord9>y type4 ,b x is to 
! nor? end ( ?is transept t we mu/ turn 
to h our admiration z well z our int]e/ 
?or\ghly ar\s$4 ,! writ] believes ?is to
 be ! f9e/ example ( a rose w9d[1       
blossom+ out at ! top ( a well-adju/$   
gr\p ( lancets1 t ! fifte5? c5tury c    
af=d4 ,at ,cl]mont-,f]r& & ,limoges we h

 notic$ t ! t5d5cy at t "t 0 to cr[d !  
rose up too high aga9/ ! ro( & !n try to
 c\nt]act ! effect by plac+ b5ea? x a r[
 ( lancets to br+ d[n ! :ole gr\p4 ,at  
,le ,mans ! adju/m5t 9 ! wall is p]fect4
 ,fur!r1 ! l[] range ( w9d[s is treat$ )
 ! respect x des]ves1 = n only is ! rose
 beautifully glaz$1 b ! lancets h also  
receiv$ ! arti/'s c>eful att5tion3 !y   
are graceful1 good-siz$ & fill$ ) a     
triple ti] ( excell5t canopi$ figures4  
,! rose is pois$ above & betwe5 ! po9ts 
( two wide lancet w9d[s1 ea* ( :i* is 9 
turn divid$ p]p5dicul>ly by mullions4 ,!
 subject1 ,! ,cr[n+ ( ! ,virg91 is      
admirably treat$1 & no?+ c\ld be m      
delightful ?an ! num]\s angels s++ &    
play+ ^u v>i\s musical in/rum5ts4 ,= !  
hon\r ( ! fifte5? c5tury glazi] x is    
well t we %\ld see ?is spl5did effect1  
because we might o!rwise conclude t1    
not)/&+ 8 brilliant success 9 produc+   
canopy panels1 he nev] grasp$ ! full    
possibilities ( ! rose w9d[4   ,,sees   
,en r\te f ,le ,mans to ,sees we mu/    

pass directly ?r\gh ,al5con1 fam\s = its
 lace1 & especially = ! sort kn[n z     
,po9t d',al5con4 ,if en automobile we   
%\ld /op "h long en\gh to see !         
,r5aissance glass 9 ! *ur* ( ,notre     
,dame4 ,al?\gh ( a lat] p]iod ?an t :i* 
we are n[ consid]+1 we mu/ n be s       
n>r[-m9d$ z to delib]ately pass by f9e  
glass1 no matt] :5 x 0 made4 ,! ext]ior 
( ,notre ,dame /ruck ! writ] z curi\sly 
emblematic ( ! impression :i* "o        
receives ( ! t[n4 ,! *ur* is squat &    
ugly1 b x is r$eem$ by ! lace-l ,go?ic (
 its we/]n por*1 :i*1 fe>ful le/ x be n 
rem>k$1 ?ru/s itself out into ! /reet4  
,9 simil> fa%ion1 ,al5con z a t[n has   
its commonplac5ess condon$ by reason ( !
 beauty ( its lace1 a beauty :i* is     
con/antly ?ru/ ^u y\r att5tion by its   
inhabitants4 ,! glass to be notic$ is   
ar\nd ! nave cl]e/ory4 ,a mo/ *>m+ /one 
sett+ is provid$ = ?is sixte5? c5tury   
glaz+ by ! broad & high embrasures ( six
 lancets ea*4 ,p>ticul>ly note h[1 at ! 
top ( ea* %eaf ( lancets1 ! delicate    

l9es ( ! trac]ies fl[ upw>d & inw>d l   
flames aspir+ f a broad-bas$ fire1 seek+
 ! outlet above ( a n>r[ *imney4 ,!     
picture p]iod is "h at its be/1 & !     
arti/1 reg>dless ( ! upright /one       
mullions1 has spread 8 subject across   
all ! lancets ( ea* embrasure1 & has    
lavi%$ ^u !m all ! %ades ( 8 ri*ly /ock$
 palette4 ,ov] ! we/ portal we h ! same 
%ape ( w9d[1 b "h x is broad] & p]mits (
 eight lancets4 ,! subject is !         
well-worn "o ( ,jesse & 8 desc5dants1 b 
! design is di/9ctly novel1 & an unusual
 am\nt ( gre5 foliage aga9/ a blue      
backgr\nd l5ds a pleasant tone to !     
picture4 ,! desc5dants are relegat$ to !
 upp] panes1 :ile ! major portion ( !   
great surface is divid$ equally betwe5  
,jesse 7on ! "r7 & a l>ge panel enclos+ 
! sc5e ( ! ,savi\r's bir? 7on ! left74  
,( ! re/ ( ! glass 9 ?is *ur* x is k9dly
 comm5t to say t x is unsatisfactory4   
,b let u pu% on to ,sees1 #bj kilometres
 fur!r4 ,"o reads b little ( ! ca!dral  
!re1 & m's ! pity1 because f any po9t ( 

view x is n only admirable1 b           
picturesquely delightful4 ,plac$ ^u a   
slight em95ce 9 ! mid/ ( a wide bas91   
?is elevation suffices to make x visible
 f a long di/ance on e side4 ,its       
gracefully aspir+ tw9 spires1 its mantle
 ( fly+ buttresses1 ! *>m+ con=mation ( 
its ea/]n end1 all conspire to allure u 
& fill u ) expectations ( :at a ne>]    
view may reveal4 ,nor does ! int]ior    
fail to realise all ?is di/ant promise4 
,:at a graceful lightness ( /onework is 
ev]y:]e visible1 supplem5t$ by !        
glazi]'s intellig5t delicacy ( t\*4 ,!  
nave alone lacks its anci5t glass4      
,n[h]e 9 ,france or else:]e c ! f\rte5? 
c5tury glass arti/ be se5 to great]     
advantage ?an at ,sees4 ,v happy is !   
way 9 :i* 8 light-admitt+ grisaille has 
be5 enliv5$ & decorat$ by col\r$ bord]s 
& b&s ( ri*ly-ton$1 canopy-fram$        
figures4 ,at ,evreux we w f9d him m     
spl5did1 m v>i$1 b "h1 ar\nd ! *oir & ! 
transepts1 he has work$ out m           
consi/5tly1 m coh]5tly1 8 new idea (    

comb9+ transluc5ce & col\r decoration4  
,da9ty1 almo/ dang]\sly fragile z is !  
/onework t supports ! upp] w9d[s1 !     
glazi]'s h&work is da9ti] /ill--a film (
 s(t grisaille held 9 a spid]'s web (   
lead l9es1 :il/ across ! middle ?ird are
 b&s ( e>ly canopies4 ,n only 9 !       
cl]e/ory ( *oir & transepts1 b also 9 ! 
*oir *apels bel[1 d we f9d ?is treatm5t 
uni=mly c>ri$ out4 ,! complet5ess ( !   
s*eme ( decoration1 z well z !          
satisfactory adju/m5t ( col\r to        
grisaille1 give an ensemble :i* we      
else:]e seek 9 va94 ,n satisfi$ ) !     
illum9ation provid$ by 8 airy cl]e/ory1 
! ar*itect has pi]c$ 8 tri=ium gall]y   
?r\gh\t4 ,9 ?is l[] ti] !re has be5 no  
attempt to introduce figures1 ! glazi]  
hav+ cont5t$ himself ) surr\nd+ 8       
grisaille by decorat$ bord]s4 ,! only   
exception to ?is rule is :]e ! tri=ium  
gall]y passes bel[ ! lovely rosaces t   
decorate ! transept ends--!re1 9 ea*    
case1 ! r[ ( t5 lancets is fill$1 alas6 
) mod]n glass ^: ?9 tones betray x at   

once4 ,=tunately "o is too mu* absorb$ 9
 look+ at ! great roses above to notice 
!m v int5tly4 ,s high up are ^! rosaces 
9 _! respective walls t ! ar*+ ( ! ceil+
 actually passes 9 front ( _! upp]      
corn]s4 ,t 9 ! s\? transept is a :eel   
w9d[ ) m$allions 9 ! ends ( ! spokes1 b 
in/ead ( ! re/ ( ! op5+s be+ glaz$ 9    
grisaille 7z at ,r\5 ,ca!dral71 col\r is
 "h us$ ?r\gh\t4 ,v diff]5t is ! nor?   
transept rose1 f ! c5tre ( :i* six broad
 arms div]ge1 sep>at+ gr\ps ( blossom-l 
ap]tures4 ,! col\r is good1 b w\ld h be5
 bett] _h !re be5 omitt$ ! :ite bord]s t
 make ! col\r$ panels seem ab\t to />t f
 _! sockets4 ,! lum9\s effectiv5ess ( ! 
int]ior is utilis$ & acc5tuat$ by !     
plac+ ( ! d\ble-fac$ alt> on a rais$    
plat=m 9 ! middle ( ! cross+ :]e !      
transepts c contribute to its glory     
equally ) ! *oir4 ,! high alt> c>ries (f
 ! unusual hon\r ( ?is c5tral position )
 great dignity & success4  ,s mu* are we
 seiz$ & held by ! *>m ( ! g5]al effect 
t we are n tempt$1 z is s (t5 ! case    

else:]e1 to solace ourselves ) spell+   
out qua9t details 9 individual w9d[s4   
,nev]!less1 t =m ( rese>* is "h well    
wor? :ile4 ,?ree times on ! s\? side ( !
 *oir cl]e/ory & aga9 9 ! second *oir   
*apel on ! left1 d we f9d ! donors1     
+5u\sly hold+ 9 _! uplift$ h&s small    
models ( _! gift w9d[s4 ,sev]al times we
 w note two canopy panels ^: /ories mu/ 
be read toge!r1 z = example 9 ! fir/    
*oir *apel on ! "r1 :]e a m\nt$ man 9   
arm\r is pi]c+ ) 8 spe> ! side ( !      
crucifi$ ,*ri/ 9 ! next panel to ! "r4  
,int]e/+ z are ^! & _m o!r simil>       
details1 x is ! s(tly t9t$ illum9ation (
 ! :ole int]ior1 m ?an any p>ticul>     
feature1 t makes u rememb] ,sees        
,ca!dral z "o ( ! mo/ satisfactory ,fr5*
 examples ( f\rte5? c5tury glaz+4       
,,v]neuil  ,long be=e "o rea*es ,v]neuil
 he rem>ks a great t[] loom+ high above 
! surr\nd+ h\se-tops1 a t[] s comm&+ z  
to seem to beckon u f af>1 & !n lat] :5 
we h rea*$ its foot1 to make u halt     
a:ile 9 its %ad[ to enjoy ! innum]able  

delicate details ( its ar*itecture1 :i* 
r5d] a ne> view z delightful z ! di/ant 
prospect is imp]i\s4 ,x is n (t5 9      
,france t "o sees s /rik+ a l&m>k1 :i*  
mu/ h be5 va/ly m significant /ill 9 ^? 
battleworn ye>s ( ! middle ages :5      
,v]neuil 0 = s long an important po/ on 
! fronti] betwe5 ,france & ! t]ritory   
held by ! ,engli%4 ,!re may /ill be se5 
"o ( ! massive r\nd t[]s ( ! anci5t     
=tifications1 its great size be>+       
witness to ! importance atta*$ to !     
possession & def5ce ( ! city4 ,nor is   
,v]neuil lack+ 9 o!r & m homely *>ms1 = 
x pres]ves _m ( its old timb]$ h\ses1 z 
well z o!rs ( /one & brick decorat$ at  
"o corn] by a gracefully c>v$ t\relle4  
,on mak+ our way to ! c5tre ( ! t[n we  
f9d t ! great t[] belongs to ! *ur* (   
,la ,madele9e1 :i* occupies "o end ( !  
spaci\s m>ket-place4 ,no m ill-assort$  
collection ( incongru\s elem5ts 7 ev]   
f\nd 9 "o edifice4 ,! l(ty uplift ( !   
*oir & transepts rises s mu* above ! l[ 
ro(-tree ( ! nave1 t view$ f a little   

di/ance1 !re seems no connect+ l9k      
betwe5 ! ea/]n portion ( ! *ur* & !     
great t[] at ! we/]n end4 ,! transepts  
are s %ort z to ext5d b little beyond ! 
sides ( ! *oir1 & fur!rmore !re are two 
sets ( transepts1 side by side1 & op5+  
into ea* o!r4 ,x is to ! ea/]n & l(ti]  
"p ( ! edifice t we mu/ repair4 ,"h ab\t
 ! *oir & ! two p>allel *apels t adjo9 x
 are a doz5 w9d[s conta9+ fifte5? c5tury
 canopies1 mo/ly arrang$ 9 two ti]s1 "o 
above ! o!r4 ,note t x is gr\ps r ?an   
s+le figures t appe> )9 ! enfram+ ni*es1
 & t ! /ories told by ^! panels are m   
elaborate1 ev5 if less effective ?an _! 
gr&] contempor>ies 9 ! transepts4 ,^!   
latt] are f9e tall-p9nacl$ examples1 ea*
 canopy enclos+ a s+le figure1 & are    
f\nd 9 ?ree ( ! f\r great embrasures t  
light ! end walls ( ! transepts4 ,! f\r?
 conta9s ,r5aissance canopies4 ,?r\gh\t 
all ?is fifte5? c5tury glass ! deepness 
( ! tones us$ 9 ! figures )9 ! ni*es is 
mo/ noticeable4  ,!re are also sev]al   
sixte5? c5tury w9d[s1 ! mo/ notewor?y "o

 be+ a ,tree ( ,jesse 9 ! ea/ end ( !   
s\!rly *apel4 ,a l>ge figure ( ! ,virg9 
hold+ ! ,infant ,jesus is %[n /&+ on !  
v9e j at ! po9t :]e ! bran*es sep>ate4  
,jesse's desc5dants1 drawn to a small]  
scale1 are em]g+ f blossoms all ab\t !  
,virg91 :om !y are int5tly reg>d+4      
,al?\gh ! fifte5? c5tury glass 9 ,la    
,madele9e is n s spl5did z "s we h se5  
else:]e1 x is 9 su* quantity & v>iety z 
to af=d valuable facilities = comp>ison 
& /udy4 ,!re is also good glass to be   
se5 9 ! *ur* ( ,notre ,dame4 ,!         
picturesque old-_w flav\r ( ,v]neuil w  
p]haps make x a great] fav\rite ) u ?an 
"s t[ns possess+ m important w9d[s4  ,on
 leav+ ,v]neuil1 :e!r we decide to      
return to ,p>is via ,*>tres1 or to l9k  
?is trip on to ! next by pass+ directly 
to ,evreux & !nce to ,r\51 we may1 by   
means ( a slight det\r1 g ?r\gh         
,nonanc\rt4 ,if we d1 we %\ld delay !re 
long en\gh to ent] ! *ur* to see ! l[   
fifte5? c5tury w9d[s along ! nave       
aisles1 z well z ! l>g] ,r5aissance ones

 t /ret* 9 a long r[ ar\nd ! :ole l5g? (
 ! cl]e/ory4 ,x w be wor? ! few         
additional kilometres to ! automobili/1 
al?\gh h>dly dem&+ ! break+ ( a railway 
j\rney4   ,,*>tres  ,besides its wondr\s
 ca!dral1 ,*>tres has ano!r ?\gh a m    
mode/ sanctu>y :i* also possesses its   
orig9al glaz+ almo/ intact4 ,?is is !   
*ur* ( ,/4 ,pi]re1 a unique example ( ! 
glazi]'s attempt to meet ! objection (  
light ob/ruction *>g$ aga9/ ! ?irte5?   
c5tury mosaic me?od4 ,8 treatm5t ( !    
cl]e/ory lights is ( peculi> int]e/4    
,!re are no transepts4 ,ar\nd ! cl]e/ory
 ea* w9d[ is divid$ p]p5dicul>ly 9 half1
 "o side be+ glaz$ 9 col\r & ! o!r 9 s(t
 grisaille4 ,! only diff]5ce 9 ! nave   
cl]e/ory is t !re ea* w9d[ is divid$    
p]p5dicul>ly into ?ree in/ead ( two1 !  
middle division 9 ea* case conta9+ col\r
 "w & ! two outside ones1 grisaille4    
,?is me?od ( glaz+1 plus ! fact t !     
tri=ium is pi]c$1 produces ! desir$     
am\nt ( illum9ation )91 b "o c h>dly say
 t x is produc$ 9 an altoge!r           

satisfactory mann]4 ,x is inevitable t  
?is s&wi*+ ( /rips ( col\r betwe5 o!rs (
 grisaille %\ld r$uce ! value ( ! t9ts &
 dull _! gl[4 ,! effect is v /range--x  
is z if tall %utt]s ( d>k hue _h be5    
prep>$ = grisaille w9d[s1 b t ^! %utt]s 
_h only be5 put up on "o side ( ea*4    
,:e!r "o admires x or n1 ! me?od is     
novel1 & wor? exam9+4 ,! new dem& = m   
light has be5 met1 b we h n yet rea*$ ! 
p]fection ( *ur* illum9ation4 ,= ?is we 
mu/ wait until ! fully elaborat$ canopy 
panels ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 = 9 ^? !     
glazi] hit ^u j ! "r proportion ( col\r 
& transluc5cy by means ( conv9c+ly      
complete designs conta9+ no j>r+        
contra/s4 ,x is well if "o def]s ?is    
inspection ( ,/4 ,pi]re1 & does n g to x
 /raight f ! sombre glories ( ! ca!dral4
 ,su* an imm$iate comp>ison w r5d] x    
difficult to realise :at an agreeable   
exp]i5ce ! small] edifice af=ds = !     
/ud5t ( glass 7see page #fg74  ,d n fail
 to g into ! ,lady ,*apel to see !      
delightful set ( twelve enamels         

repres5t+ ! ,apo/les1 by _m consid]$ !  
*ef d'oeuvre ( ! ma/] ( t craft1 ,leon>d
 ,lim\s94 ,!y are rem>kable n only = _! 
delici\s comb9ation ( tones & %ades1 b  
also = _! unusually l>ge size 7two feet 
high by "o foot broad74 ,"o is n        
surpris$ at ! great c>e ev]y:]e app>5t 9
 _! workman%ip :5 "o le>ns t !y 7 ord]$ 
by ,francis ,i1 :o1 h[ev]1 did n live to
 see !m f9i%$4 ,8 son1 ,h5ry ,,ii1      
pres5t$ !m to ,diane de ,poiti]s = h]   
,*ateau d',anet4  ,be=e leav+ ,/4       
,pi]re1 obs]ve h[ excell5tly ! ar*itect 
adju/$ ! relative heights ( ! bays1     
tri=ium & cl]e/ory2 s graceful is !     
result t we dep>t ) ! impression ( an   
edifice ( unusually agreeable           
proportions4   ,,quimp]  ,f> (f 9 !     
we/]n corn] ( ,france dwells t /range   
race1 ! ,bretons4 ,leave beh9d y ,p>is1 
! /&>d-be>] ( ?+s mod]n1 & set out =    
di/ant ,quimp]1 ! we/]nmo/ outpo/ (     
,fr5* glass4 ,y w f9d y\rself 9 ! mid/ (
 a curi\s folk ^: orig9 is unkn[n1 9 a  
bleak c\ntry :]e ov] a million p speak  

an unc\? ,celtic tongue utt]ly unlike   
,fr5*2 :]e cu/oms1 h&$ d[n f fa!r to    
son1 p]si/ = c5turies2 :]e mod]n co/ume 
is ignor$ & ! peasant glories 9 8 bright
 blue & gold jacket adorn$ ) glitt]+    
buttons4 ,y h ev5 pass$ beyond ! fabl$  
=e/ ( ,broceli&e1 :]e ,vivi5 held !     
great ,m]l9 by h] magic spell4  ,quimp] 
mu/ be visit$ = its own sake because !re
 are no neighb\r+ glass t[ns4 ,long z is
 ! j\rney1 x is safe to say t y w be    
repaid = its discom=ts4 ,arrive1 if y c1
 on a ,sunday4 ,! roomy int]ior ( !     
ca!dral is q z attractive z ! elaborate 
,go?ic detail outside has promis$4 ,"h  
dur+ s]vice1 p]haps m ?an any:]e else 9 
,france1 w ! middle ages seem to y /ill 
to be l+]+ on4 ,no /iff r[s ( pews      
obtrude _! mod]n conv5i5ce ^u y\r       
notice4 ,y w f9d ! great *ur* fill$ )   
gr\p ^u gr\p ( ,breton m5 & wom5 sitt+  
on rude ru%-bottom$ *airs1 ! m5 9 _! gay
 attire & ! wom5 we>+ qua9t :ite caps   
:i* v>y slightly 9 ea* little village or
 commune4 ,all ?is s]ves to take u back 

into feudal times2 we s9k into a seat & 
obs]ve ! int5se int]e/ ) :i* our        
neighb\rs are foll[+ ! r++ exhortations 
( ! prie/1 c\*$ 9 homely phrases1 q l ! 
disc\rse :i* 8 pr$ecessors 9 ! fifte5?  
c5tury prea*$ f ! same pulpit to a v    
simil> audi5ce4 ,our mood becomes s     
m$iaeval z to almo/ make ! anci5t /a9$  
glass seem contempor>y4 ,x is a pleasant
 ?\ght t ! s]ies ( canopy w9d[s made = !
 *oir cl]e/ory 9 #adag by ,jam9 ,sohi]  
%\ld h be5 cont9u$ & c>ri$ along !      
cl]e/ory ( ! nave & transepts by 8 son1 
also nam$ ,jam9 ,sohi]1 t[>ds ! end ( ! 
same c5tury4 ,"o ( ^! lat] ones ne> !   
we/ front be>s ! date #adif4 ,"s ( ^? 9 
! nave 7 sadly injur$ by ! /ress ( "t1 &
 a few altoge!r de/roy$2 b !y h be5     
repair$ & replac$ mo/ successfully1 pi\s
 c>e hav+ be5 tak5 to re/ore !m z ne>ly 
z possible to _! orig9al condition4 ,?is
 0 done dur+ ! ye>s #ahfg to #ahgd by   
,m4 ,lucon at ! exp5se ( ! ,/ate4 ,!    
nave w9d[s ( ! y\ng] ,sohi] are mu* m   
brilliant1 bo? 9 ri*ness & 9 v>iety (   

col\rs1 ?an ! e>li] *oir w9d[s ( 8 fa!r4
 ,! gradual developm5t ( ! v]re d\ble   
7or d\ble %eets ( glass7 plac$ a great] 
v>iety ( t9ts at ! disposal ( ! arti/1 &
 he eag]ly took advantage ( 8 enri*$    
palette4 ,by comp>+ ! *oir panels ) !   
lat] ones ( ! nave1 we h "h an excell5t 
opportunity to /udy ! developm5t ( !    
canopy w9d[4 ,we _c help b feel t al?\gh
 ! e>li] ones lack ! brilliancy & gl[   
:i* *>act]ise ^? con/ruct$ lat]1 ?is    
lack is m ?an balanc$ by ! delici\s     
s(tness ( ! light :i* !y transmit4 ,x is
 int]e/+ to obs]ve h[ _m ( !m set =? !  
leg5d ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph]4 ,d n fail to     
notice ! skillful contra/ ( a /rong     
yell[ ) a ri* gre5 ( :i* ! ea/ w9d[s ( !
 nor? transept provide sev]al excell5t  
examples4  ,!re is a /rik+ peculi>ity 9 
! gr\nd plan ( ?is *ur*4 ,! *oir is n ^u
 ! same axis z ! nave1 b incl9es at q an
 angle to ! nor?4 ,?is peculi>ity also  
exi/s 9 "o or two o!r ,fr5* *ur*es1 & ! 
local au?orities always delight to tell 
y t x is a =m ( ,go?ic symbolism int5d$ 

to repres5t ! droop+ to "o side ( !     
,savi\r's head on ! ,cross4 ,:5 ! true  
explanation is discov]$1 x g5]ally      
proves to be ( a m practical nature4 ,! 
same slant to ! nor? is obs]vable 9 !   
*oir ( ,sa9t ,jean1 at ,troyes2 !re x 0 
caus$ by ! fact t ! /reet l9e on ! s\?  
side ( ! *oir _h to be pu%$ nor?w>d aft]
 ! great fire ( #aebd4 ,at ,quimp] !    
explanation is ev5 m int]e/+4 ,9 #abci  
,bi%op ,raynaud wi%$ to add to 8 ca!dral
 ! *apel ( ,notre ,dame 7f\nd$ 9 #ajbh  
by ! ,c\nt ( ,corn\cilles7 :i* /ood a   
little to ! ea/ & 0 across a small      
/reet4 ,he ext5d$ 8 *oir s z to take 9 !
 *apel2 b z x lay a little to ! nor? ( !
 true ea/]ly l9e1 he _h to slant 8 *oir 
to effect 8 purpose4 ,?is explanation   
may n be poetically symbolical1 b x is  
hi/orically accurate4     ,,sixte5?     
,,c5tury   ,we h n[ rea*$ ! p]fect$     
p]iod ( /a9$ glass1 by "s call$ !       
,r5aissance1 & by o!rs ! ,c9que-c5to4 ,!
 latt] af=ds a graceful recognition (   
,italian inspiration 9 ! revival ( ,fr5*

 art at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,by
 ?is "t ! read] w h appreciat$ ! tru? ( 
! /atem5t 9 our introduction t /a9$     
glass saves u ! tr\ble ( divid+ x into  
p]iods1 because x falls ( itself into   
divisions ^: b\nd>ies1 oddly en\gh1     
co9cide approximately ) ^? ( ! c5turies4
 ,?is 0 h]et(ore illu/rat$ :5 ! canopy  
w9d[ appe>$ ^u ! sc5e & caus$ ! abrupt  
*ange f ! sombre glitt]+ tones ( !      
?irte5? c5tury to ! light-admitt+       
silv]y-grey glass ( ! f\rte5?4 ,n[ we   
are ab\t to see h[ ano!r *ange came at !
 end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 :5 !           
,r5aissance sprang full-gr[n1 n ,m9]va-l
 f ! br[s ( ,jove1 b f ^? ( ,m>s1 ! ,god
 ( ,w>1 = x 0 ! ,italian w>s ( ,l\is    
,,xii & ,francis ,i t br\ght ab\t ?is   
sudd5 reg5]ation ( all bran*es ( ,fr5*  
art4 ,:at ! ,fr5* soldi]s saw 9 ,italy  
!y rememb]$ & told at home1 &1 moreov]1 
_m ( _! trophies bore witness to !      
wond]ful developm5t !n rea*$ by ,italian
 art4 ,! fact t aft] sev]al c5turies    
,fr5* t]ritory 0 at la/ reliev$ f       

di/ress ( w> naturally result$ 9 a sudd5
 int]e/ 9 build+ ( all sorts4 ,because (
 ?is1 ar*itecture 0 among ! fir/ ( !    
arts to be affect$ by ! new ,italian    
ta/e4 ,we h be=e notic$ ! int]-relation 
( ! ne$s & /yles ( ! ar*itect ) ^? ( !  
glass arti/1 & !re=e we are n surpris$  
to f9d our w9d[s te/ify+ t ! latt]      
quickly p]ceiv$ ,go?ic ar*itecture 0 be+
 sup]s$$ by ! classic /yle4 ,dur+ ! la/ 
two c5turies he _h gr[n to appreciate m 
& m ! light-admitt+ advantages ( !      
canopy w9d[1 b n[ he *anges ! simulat$  
ar*itecture f ,go?ic to ,r5aissance4 ,9 
8 designs we notice an ev5 m important  
*ange1 :i* results f ! fact t he n[     
enjoys a good work+ k ( ! laws (        
p]spective & ha/5s to avail himself ( x 
9 ord] to l5d great] dep? to 8 picture4 
,inde$1 9 "s in/ances1 he c>ri$ ! use ( 
p]spective almo/ to an abuse4 ,8        
pr$ecessors 9 ! twelf? & ?irte5?        
c5turies knew no?+ ( ^! rules1 :i*1     
inde$1 7 !n unkn[n 9 e art4 ,on our way 
d[n ?r\gh ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 

because mo/ ( ! w9d[s are ei!r canopy1  
or grisaille sur*>g$ ) figures1 we are  
by _! v nature d5i$ an opportunity to   
obs]ve ! same gradual developm5t (      
p]spective :i* 0 contemporane\sly tak+  
place 9 pa9t+4 ,! result is t :5 9 !    
sixte5? c5tury ! glass arti/ decid$ to  
bran* out f ! conv5tional canopy /yle & 
indulge 8 ta/e 9 ! m ambiti\s ef=t ( !  
picture w9d[1 ! sudd5 *ange f no        
p]spective to an abundance is all ! m   
noticeable4 ,dur+ ! f\rte5? & fifte5?   
c5turies ! only h9t obta9able ( an      
increas+ int]e/ 9 p]spective 0 :5 we    
notic$ t fifte5? c5tury canopies 7 m    
elaborate ?an ^? ( ! f\rte5?1 n only    
because !y _h mu* m intricate p9nacles1 
b also by reason ( ! curta9s hang+ 9 !  
back ( ! ni*es1 & o!r details %[+       
attempts to ga9 dep? 9 ! picture4 ,9 8  
l>ge picture w9d[s ! sixte5? c5tury     
arti/ also has m *ance to %[ u h[       
greatly ! discov]y ( enamell+ on glass  
has enri*$ 8 palette4 ,dur+ ! two prec$+
 c5turies 8 developm5t ( v]re d\ble 7or 

glass 9 d\ble lay]s7 has be5 yield+ a   
con/antly increas+ v>iety ( hues 9 !    
co/umes ( 8 p]sonages1 backgr\nds1 etc42
 b n[ he adds 8 brilliant enamels &     
fairly riots 9 col\r4  ,we %all (t5 h   
occasion to deplore t ! glazi] ( !      
,r5aissance nev] truly grasp$ ! full    
arti/ic possibilities ( ! black outl9es 
ready to 8 h& 9 ! leads1 & t he fail$ to
 realise1 z did 8 pr$ecessors1 t ! m !  
draw+ 0 execut$ by ! leads ! m          
attractive & conv9c+ ! result+ picture  
w\ld be4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ?is epo* ?is    
disreg>d = _! usefulness 9 ! design 0   
(t5 c>ri$ to su* an extreme t "o        
concludes ! arti/ mu/ h reg>d$ !m z ( no
 s]vice except to hold ! glass 9        
position4 ,"s ( ! m5 :o indulg$ mo/ 9   
enamel pa9t+ became s engross$ 9 ?is =m 
( decorat+ glass z to consid] ! leads an
 intrusion1 & z t5d+ to r$uce ! size ( !
 %eets1 :i* !y pref]r$ %\ld be ( l>ge   
size 9 ord] to facilitate ! pa9t+ !reon 
( _! pictures4  ,to recapitulate1 ! mo/ 
noticeable features ( ! new regime are  

!n--   7a7 ,r5aissance ar*itecture      
depict$ in/ead ( ,go?ic4  7b7 ,l>g]     
sc5es4  7c7 ,use ( p]spective4  7d7     
,greatly increas$ div]sity ( col\r4  7e7
 ,use ( enamel pa9t+4  7f7 ,increas+    
c>elessness 9 use ( leads4              
,illu/ration3 ,,desc5t ,,( ,,! ,,holy   
,,gho/1 ,,mont=t ,l',,amaury 7#af,,?    
,,c5tury74      ,ar*itecture depict$ n[ 
entirely ,r5aissance4 ,trac]y lights    
above1 mu* simplifi$1 l5d arti/ m room =
 8 picture4      ,lead l9es n[ m> !     
picture1 in/ead ( only provid+ !        
outl9es4 ,draw+ greatly p]fect$2 note ! 
excell5t      gr\p+1 ! ,gold5 ,tongues1 
etc4 ,kneel+ donors are n      only too 
l>ge b intrude ^u ! subject4 7,see page 
#bcg74  ,n only does ,r5aissance        
ar*itecture sup]s$e ! old] ,go?ic on our
 w9d[s1 b x v naturally br+s ) x c]ta9  
*>act]i/ics ( ! new ar*itect4 ,=        
example1 because he g5]ally plac$ ! date
 conspicu\sly ^u 8 edifice1 s 9         
,r5aissance glass we f9d ! glazi]       
introduc+ ! date ^u "s panel ( !        

simulat$ ar*itecture4 ,be=e ?is "t1     
w9d[s 7 seldom dat$2 n[ ?is cu/om soon  
became firmly e/abli%$ & v>i\s me?ods = 
x 7 devis$4 ,9 ! p>i% *ur* at ,les      
,iffs1 9 ,brittany1 ! we/ panel ( !     
small *apel on ! s\? side ( ! *oir be>s 
its date ^u a gold co9 held by "o ( !   
figures4 ,! writ] rememb]s ?is well1    
because1 f9d+ no date1 x /ruck him t x  
might be on ! co94 ,he pil$ ?ree *airs1 
"o on top ( ! o!r1 climb$ up1 & !re x 04
 ,imm$iately aft] ! discov]y1 ! *airs   
fell d[n6  ,not)/&+ ! ri*ness :i* !     
arti/'s palette has atta9$1 we          
occasionally meet an indication t he has
 n =gott5 ! cool silv]y-grey =m]ly      
yield$ by ! canopy w9d[4 ,he n[ s\ght to
 obta9 ! same result 9 ano!r fa%ion by  
occasionally re/rict+ ! col\r ( a       
picture w9d[ to v>i\s %ades ( grey 7or v
 light br[n71 reliev$ by fle% t9ts :]e  
ne$$1 & enliv5$ by t\*es ( yell[ /a94   
,we sometimes f9d a *ur* glaz$ ?r\gh\t 9
 ?is /yle1 z1 = example1 ,/4 ,pantaleon 
at ,troyes4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 *iefly us$ 9   

small] edifices & = dome/ic or civil    
purposes4 ,?is p>ticul> manife/ation (  
sixte5? c5tury /yle outliv$ mo/ ( its   
contempor>ies & is f\nd z late z ! end (
 ! next c5tury4 ,by ?is la/ obs]vation  
we are naturally l$ to comm5t ^u ! almo/
 complete collapse ( ! cult ( /a9$ glass
 t came at ! end ( ?is c5tury4 ,p seem$ 
to no long] c>e = x1 al?\gh x _h = m ?an
 f\r hundr$ ye>s be5 s highly e/eem$4   
,we read ( _m in/ances ( arti/s :o _h no
 ord]s = "w & !re=e _h to turn _! tal5ts
 into o!r *annels4 ,t ma/] ( s _m arts1 
,b]n>d ,palissy1 writ+ at ! end ( !     
c5tury1 tells u t s completely _h ! sale
 ( glass fall5 into disrepute t x 0 !n  
hawk$ ab\t f village to village by ^? :o
 sold old clo!s & old iron1 & t al?\gh !
 art 0 a noble "o1 _m ( its practition]s
 f\nd x difficult to get en\gh to live  
^u4 ,= ?is pass+ ( int]e/ !re h be5 _m  
reasons advanc$1 b p]haps ! mo/ conv9c+ 
is t ( surfeit4 ,c]ta9 x is t an enorm\s
 quantity ( /a9$ glass 0 produc$ dur+ ! 
sixte5? c5tury1 mu* ( :i* has surviv$4  

,( c\rse1 9 "s qu>t]s ! cult la/$ long] 
?an 9 o!rs1 b !n x is g5]ally traceable 
to ! exi/5ce !re ( a peculi>ly gift$    
gr\p ( glass arti/s4 ,we %all f9d ?is   
true at ,troyes1 :]e ! skill & fame (   
,l9>d ,gon?i] & 8 s*ool produc$ su* a   
dem& = _! "w z to cause ! art 9 t       
locality to survive f> into ! sev5te5?  
c5tury4  ,:ile x is true t dur+ !       
sixte5? c5tury glass rea*$ its highe/   
p]fection1 x is b natural t on ! way up 
x %\ld h outgr[n _m ( ! indications (   
craft tradition :i* we h f "t to "t     
notic$4 ,! p]fect$ picture no long] ne$$
 c]ta9 conv5tional signs to tell its    
/ory4 ,p]spective & improv$ draw+       
obviat$ ! ne$ ( !m4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1    
sev]al in/ances :i* %[ t ev5 ! sixte5?  
c5tury arti/ felt ! *>m ( qua9tness1    
?\gh to a less] degree ?an 8            
pr$ecessors4 ,= example1 a w9d[ 9       
,caudebec ,ca!dral 7! ,passage ( ! ,r$  
,sea by ! ,israelites7 takes pa9s to    
id5tify ! sea by hav+ ! waves glaz$ 9   
r$6 ,?\gh he _h disc>d$ mo/ ( !         

conv5tions1 he reta9$ & mu* beautifi$ a 
few ( !m4 ,= example1 9 ,tree ( ,jesse  
w9d[s1 he f> out/ripp$ ! old] s*ools 9  
grace & elaboration ( treatm5t4 ,z an   
indication ( ! int]e/ felt 9 allegory by
 ! lat] m5 we mu/ invite att5tion to !  
s-call$ ,w9e ,press w9d[4 ,"h we h !    
same bran*+ v9e f\nd 9 ! ,tree ( ,jesse1
 b 9 ?is case x spr+s f ! w\nd$ ,*ri/1  
:o is be+ bruis$ 9 ! press 7or sometimes
 f ,8 press$-out blood71 & spreads out  
ov] ! panes1 be>+ z its blossoms sa9ts1 
apo/les or hi/orical p]sonages4 ,9 a few
 in/ances x rises f ! w9e press$ by     
,*ri/ f ! grapes4 ,w9d[s ( ?is type are 
to be se5 at ,con*es1 at ,troyes & _m   
o!r places1 b n[h]e is ! idea s         
elaborat$ z at ,/4 ,eti5ne-du-,mont 9   
,p>is4 ,sometimes ! heads display$ on ! 
v9es indicate ano!r t5d5cy ( ?is c5tury1
 :i* c be p>ticul>ly not$ 9 ! la/ cit$  
w9d[ 7by ,p9aigri]7 & 9 ,engr& ,le      
,pr9ce's ,tree ( ,jesse at ,/4 ,eti5ne  
7,beauvais74 ,9 ^! two ! heads prove to 
be accurate portraits ( contempor>y     

royalties & *ur* dignit>ies1 a fa%ion !n
 mu* affect$ & highly e/eem$4 ,ano!r    
evid5ce ( ?is same t5d5cy to add p]sonal
 t\*es is %[n 9 ! greatly increas$ use (
 armorial be>+s1 n only s]v+ z ! sole   
decorations ( a panel1 b also appe>+ ^u 
picture subjects4 ,^! coats ( arms are n
 only agreeable 9 effect1 b also by _!  
h]aldry are v useful 9 fix+ dates4 ,_m (
 ^! armorial be>+s 71 h[ev]1 de/roy$    
aft] ! edict ( #agib1 =bidd+ _! use4    
,mo/ sixte5? c5tury w9d[s be> ! donor's 
figure1 nor %all we f9d excessive mode/y
 %[n by ! man :o paid ! price4 ,9 ?is   
connection x is int]e/+ to note t al?\gh
 /a9$ glass has always be5 v exp5sive1  
/rangely en\gh ! exp5se has rema9$      
practically con/ant ?r\gh\t all its     
hi/ory1 provid+1 ( c\rse1 "o takes into 
consid]ation ! v>y+ pur*as+ p[] ( money4
 ,9 fact1 ! co/ ?us correct$ v>ies s    
little f epo* to epo* z to be positively
 surpris+4 ,:5 we consid] h[ co/ly 0 a  
gift ( ?is sort1 p]haps x is n          
extraord9>y t1 dur+ ! sixte5? c5tury1 we

 g5]ally f9d ^u x ! giv]s' portraits2 ! 
wond] is t ! cu/om 0 n m widely spread  
be=e4 ,un=tunately1 ! donor 0 n[ m      
aggressive ?an 8 pr$ecessors1 = (t5 !   
figure is n only too l>ge1 b actually   
intrudes ^u ! subject ( ! w9d[4         
,frequ5tly n cont5t to appe> alone1 he  
_h ! portraits ( sev]al ( 8 family add$ 
z well4  ,be=e we make our selection (  
t[ns to be visit$1 let u look ab\t u 9  
,p>is1 = x has n a little glass to %[ u4
   ,,p>is  ,be=e />t+ on our ?irte5?    
c5tury t\rs1 ,p>is suppli$ u ) v useful 
results f our comp>ison ( ! glass 9 !   
,/e4 ,*apelle ) t ( ! nor? rose at      
,notre ,dame4 ,n s satisfactory 0 our   
/udy ( ! fifte5? c5tury canopy w9d[s at 
,/4 ,sev]9 9 t city4 ,we %all1 h[ev]1   
f9d excell5t sixte5? c5tury glass 9     
sev]al ( ! ,p>is *ur*es1 & w ?us be     
af=d$ an opportunity to prep>e = our    
excursions by obta9+ 9 advance "s idea (
 ! /yle ( t p]iod1 & %all also f9d "s   
examples by its be/ arti/s4 ,let u beg9 
at ,/4 ,g]ma9 l',aux]rois1 ^: *>m+ly    

light t[] & graceful ext]ior seem to    
give ! lie to ! s9i/] fact t f ?is v    
belfry rang out ! signal = ! massacre ( 
,/4 ,b>?olomew4 ,! we/ wall ( ! nor?    
transept provides a reason = "h beg9n+  
our /udy ( sixte5? c5tury glass1 because
 !re1 side by side1 are two v simil>    
w9d[s1 h>monis+ agreeably "o ) ! o!r1 & 
yet ! ar*itecture ( ! canopies ( "o is  
fifte5? c5tury ,go?ic1 & ( ! o!r1       
,r5aissance4 ,?is v conv5i5tly          
illu/rates = u "o ( ! m>k$ *anges :i*   
came ov] our glass4 ,if ! canopies 7 n  
en\gh to date !m1 o!r details are n     
lack+ to p]=m t s]vice4 ,! e>li] w9d[   
has all ! features ( ! di/ant l&scape   
put 9 ) ! leads1 :ile 9 ! lat] "o !y are
 delicately pa9t$ on greyi% blue2       
especially note ?is 9 ! well sc5e4 ,!   
o!r w9d[s 9 ?is transept are also       
attractive & ! w>m? ( "s ( ! r$s 9 ! b$ 
drap]ies ( ! e>li] "o ( ! pair j m5tion$
 %\ld be notic$4 ,! adju/+ ( ! figures  
to _! panes 9 ! transept rose w9d[s is  
adroitly h&l$1 p>ticul>ly "s ( ! kneel+ 

angels 9 ! s\? "o4 ,9 ! we/ wall ( ! s\?
 transept1 ! problem ( plac+ a c5tral   
figure :5 ! ar*itect provid$ only f\r1  
in/ead ( five lancets1 is gracefully    
ov]come4  ,at ,/4 ,g]vais we h "o ( !   
few opportunities to comp>e two ( !     
greate/ arti/s produc$ by ! new         
s*ool--,rob]t ,p9aigri] & ,jean ,c\s9--b
 t is ab\t all t c be said = ?is ugly   
*ur*1 :]e ar*itecture1 :ite w9d[s &     
mod]n glass comb9e to drive away !      
/ud5t4 ,! be/ w9d[ is by ,p9aigri]1 !   
,judgm5t ( ,solomon 7second on ! "r 9 ! 
*oir *apels72 x is dat$ #aeca1 & al?\gh 
consid]$ by _m 8 ma/]piece1 seems to u  
to h too mu* m>ble pavem5t1 etc41 = its 
p]sonages2 & fur!r1 ! little sc5es 9 !  
trac]y lights contra/ disagreeably n    
only ) ! picture bel[1 b also ) its     
m9>ets & _! sky backgr\nd :i* jut up    
into ! space above4 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 note
 h[ ! accurate p]spective contribut$ by 
! l9es ( ! pavem5t & ! di/ant           
ar*itecture facilitates ! correct       
/ation+ ( ! figures )\t confus+ !m z to 

position or =e%ort5+4 ,81 also1 are !   
twelve panels 9 ! ,lady ,*apel1 giv+    
sc5es f ! life ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y3 "h !    
composition is delightful4 ,we may rem>k
 9 pass+ t at lea/ "o ( !m displays     
v]ses :i* by reason ( _! qua9t          
expressions are less suit$ to our times 
?an to ! m unre/ra9$ spee* ( ^? e>li]   
days4 ,jean ,c\s9's w9d[1 ! ,m>tyrdom ( 
,/4 ,lawr5ce 7#aeea71 is ! fir/ on ! "r 
9 ! *oir1 & ?\gh good 9 te*nique1 is n  
attractive4 ,we %\ld res]ve judgm5t ^u 8
 "w until aft] we h visit$ ,v9c5nes4    
,across ! riv] & at ! top ( ! hill cr[n$
 by ! ,pan!on is to be f\nd an edifice t
 looks m l an ar*itectural freak ?an a  
*ur*--,/4 ,eti5ne-du-,mont4 ,x seems to 
realise its own ugl9ess & tries to      
conceal itself beh9d ! ,pan!on4 ,once we
 ent] its portal we f9d a va/ improvem5t
 ov] ! di/ress+ ext]ior ( ?is confection
 ( /one4 ,!re are pl5ty ( spaci\s w9d[s 
& a g5]al airy effect4 ,swung high 9 !  
air across ! front ( ! *oir is a        
graceful /one jube ar*1 seem+ly fa/5$ to

 ! columns at ea* end by d\ble loops (  
delicate spiral /airways4 ,! *oir is s  
lightly con/ruct$1 & ) s few ob/ruct+   
columns1 t ! :ole ( ! ambulatory space  
becomes a "p ( x4 ,?is arrangem5t       
enables u to enjoy ! glaz+ ( !          
ambulatory & ! *oir *apels f all p>ts ( 
! build+4 ,a little door m>k$ ,sacri/ie 
leads (f f ! ambulatory ?r\gh a corridor
 to ! ,*apel ( ! ,cate*ism4 ,along ! we/
 wall ( ?is *apel are rang$ a s]ies (   
twelve panels by ,p9aigri]1 & because !y
 are on ! level ( ! obs]v]'s eye1 he is 
af=d$ e facility = exam9+ :at c\ld be   
accompli%$ by a great arti/ 9 enamell+  
col\r on glass4 ,9 fact1 !re is no place
 9 ,france :]e ?is c be m conv5i5tly    
/udi$4 ,al?\gh all twelve are f9e1 t    
devot$ to ! allegory ( ! w9e press is   
easily ! be/4 ,oddly en\gh1 x 0 ! gift (
 a ri* w9e m]*ant4 ,9 x are to be f\nd  
fai?ful portraits ( ,pope ,paul ,,ii1   
,emp]or ,*>les ,v1 ,francis ,i1 & ,h5ry 
,,viii ( ,engl&1 z well z sundry c>d9als
 & ar*bi%ops1 all 9 ri* c]emonial       

co/ume4 ,ne$less to say1 ^? individuals 
h no?+ to d ) ! subject ( ! w9d[1 b !   
opportunity to display portraits ( !m 0 
too good = ! arti/ to wa/e4 ,?is        
frequ5tly appe>s on glass ( ! p]iod &   
sometimes ! result v]ges on ! ludicr\s4 
,aft] visit+ ^! /ately temples1 ! quiet 
*ur* ( ,/4 ,m]ri appe>s ev5 m mode/ &   
retir+ ?an its obscure site j (f ! busy 
qu>t] ab\t ! ,hotel ,de ,ville really   
r5d]s x4 ,9 fact1 s well is x hidd5 t we
 w\ld h miss$ x _h we n be5 seek+ v     
c>efully4 ,! w9d[s "h are m int]e/+ ?an 
beautiful & _! effectiv5ess has be5     
impair$ 9 sev]al ways4 ,we read t dur+ !
 eighte5? c5tury ^? 9 *>ge ( ! *ur*1    
aft] c>eful delib]ation1 replac$ a great
 deal ( ! col\r$ by :ite glass1         
especially 9 ! nave1 :]e !y remov$ ! two
 c5tral lancets ( ea* gr\p ( f\r1 leav+ 
only ! upp] half ( ! two out] ones4 ,(  
c\rse1 ! result 0 n only disa/r\s to !  
w9d['s g5]al effect1 b entirely         
ext+ui%es any w>m? ( tone 9 su* glass z 
rema9s4 ,we _c b deplore ! abs5ce ( !   

ab/ract$ panes1 = ! rema9s 9 ! side     
lancets & trac]y lights evid5ce su*     
skill1 z well 9 comb9ation ( tones z 9  
draw+ 7m p>ticul>ly 9 ! h&l+ (          
p]spective71 t "o c readily imag9e :at  
h>m has be5 done4 ,ev5 ! few sc5es t are
 left are well wor? inspection1 & are z 
int]e/+ z any ( ?is epo* 9 ,p>is4       
,notice 9 ! ?ird w9d[ on ! "r1 ! way 9  
:i* ! l&scape is c>ri$ back until x ends
 9 a little r$-topp$ t[]1 f :i* pe] out 
two heads4 ,=tunately1 ^! delib]ate &   
pa9/ak+ v&als sp>$ ! glass 9 ! ?ree     
we/]ly w9d[s on ea* side ( ! *oir1 &    
also 9 ! ea/]n walls ( ! transepts4 ,!  
panels on ! left1 %[+ ! hi/ory (        
,joseph1 are bett] ?an _! neighb\rs     
across ! *oir4  ,( ! sixte5? c5tury     
glass to be se5 9 ,p>is1 ?is mu* c be   
said3 x v>ies m>k$ly1 illu/rates mo/ ( !
 types ( t "t1 & is !re=e v useful 9    
prep>+ u = ! t\rs we are ab\t to take4  
,,sixte5? ,,c5tury ,,t\rs   ,we %all h  
to approa* ! subject ( view+ sixte5?    
c5tury glass 9 a v diff]5t _s f t 9 :i* 

we und]took ! t\rs ( ! prec$+ c5turies4 
,we c no long] set up any claim to      
?or\ghness4 ,if our pilgrim visit$ all !
 places recomm5d$ 9 our ?irte5? c5tury  
excursions1 z well z ^? = ! f\rte5? &   
fifte5? c5turies1 he c re/ ) ! com=table
 assurance t he has se5 ab\t all ( !    
really good glass ( ^? p]iods4 ,n[ we h 
a diff]5t problem4 ,!re has surviv$ a   
great deal m glass f ! sixte5? c5tury   
?an f all ! prec$+ ones comb9$4 ,he _c  
hope to see x all1 & we w h to limit    
ourselves to sket*+ out = him ?ree t\rs 
cov]+ ! be/--supplem5t+ ^! by sev]al    
deta*$ cities1 s t if ! glass hunt]     
happ5s 9 _! neighb\rhood he w n ov]look 
!m4 ,he w f9d1 h[ev]1 "s comp5sations = 
! bewild]m5t caus$ by ! great quantity (
 sixte5? c5tury glass1 ! *ief ( :i* is t
 ei!r ,r\5 or ,troyes provides 9 its _m 
*ur*es a complete exposition ( t p]iod's
 /yle4 ,if ! pilgrim's "t is limit$1 he 
c accompli% m dur+ a %ort /ay 9 ^? two  
cities ?an he c\ld ^u any t\r :i* might 
be outl9$4 ,two o!r comp5sations provid$

 by ?is abundance ( mat]ial are--fir/1 t
 !re is a great deal ( good glass to be 
se5 9 ,p>is1 & fur!rmore1 ! automobili/ 
especially w delight to le>n t !re are a
 half-doz5 po9ts 9 its imm$iate         
neighb\rhood :i* (f] an excell5t excuse 
= a half-day's out+4 ,= ! leisurely     
travell] :o has bo? "t & incl9ation1 we 
w arrange ?ree t\rs2 b he mu/ und]/& t  
al?\gh !y w provide him ) a sight ( !   
be/ sixte5? c5tury glass1 !re w /ill be 
left a numb] ( t[ns wor? visit+4  ,ea* (
 ^! trips w beg9 9 ,p>is4 ,on ,t\r 7a7  
we fir/ /op at ,v9c5nes1 j outside !    
=tifications1 !n on to ,s5s1 to ,troyes1
 to ,*alons-sur-,m>ne & back to ,p>is4  
,t\r 7b7 takes u by way ( ,v]sailles to 
,mont=t l',amaury2 !n to t p]fect %r9e (
 ,r5aissance glass1 ,con*es2 next to    
,pont-,audem]2 !n across ! ,se9e by boat
 to ,caudebec1 & f !re up/ream1 by !    
int]e/+ old ,abbey ( ,/4 ,w&rille & !   
/ately ,jumieges to ,r\54 ,f ,r\5 we run
 out to ,gr&-,&ely1 ,elbeuf or ,pont de 
l',ar*e be=e we pu% up ! riv] ,se9e to  

,p>is4 ,t\r 7c7 w p>ticul>ly recomm5d   
itself to ! automobili/1 & mo/ ( ! po9ts
 are q ne> ,p>is4 ,we g out ?r\gh ,/4   
,d5is to ! t[n ( ,montmor5cy1 !n ?r\gh !
 wood ( ,montmor5cy to ,ec\51 & next a  
little fur!r on to ,*antilly4 ,f !re our
 r\te lies across to ,beauvais1 & back  
to ,p>is4 ,z /at$ be=e1 sev]al ( ! t[ns 
compris$ 9 ^! ?ree t\rs are s close to  
,p>is z to enable a glass lov] ) a      
half-day on 8 h&s to pleasantly employ x
 9 a %ort excursion by tra9 or          
automobile4 ,( c\rse1 if he travels by  
tra9 he c h>dly hope 9 half a day to see
 m ?an "o ( ^!4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he is an    
automobili/ & !re=e untrammell$ by      
"t-tables1 he c comb9e sev]al4 ,=       
example1 a glance at ! map w reveal t   
,ec\51 ,montmor5cy & ,*antilly are s    
close toge!r t an automobili/ c fit !m  
into "o day4 ,a ^w ( w>n+ is n out (    
place = "o ab\t to visit ^! ne>by t[ns4 
,he mu/ be c>eful to asc]ta9 f 8 ,ba$ek]
 or f ! public pr9ts1 ^u :i* days !y are
 op5 to ! public4 ,mont=t l',amaury &   

,ec\5 c be se5 any day2 ,v9c5nes &      
,*antilly1 ,?ursdays & ,sundays1 etc41 b
 ^! /ati/ics _h bett] be v]ifi$ 9 !     
mann] sugge/$ because ! regulations are 
*ang$ f "t to "t4 ,!re are ?ree v       
important glass %r9es :i* are1 h[ev]1 s 
locat$ z to make x impossible to comb9e 
!m into a t\r4 ,^! are ! ,ca!dral ( ,au*
 7d[n 9 ! s\?we/ ne> ,t\l\se71 ! *apel (
 ! *ateau ( ,*ampigny-sur-,veude 9      
,t\ra9e1 & ! fam\s *ur* ( ,br\ at ,b\rg 
9 ,savoy4 ,! pilgrim %\ld make e ef=t to
 see !m4  ,illu/ration3 #af,,? ,,c5tury 
,,t\rs4   7a7 ,v9c5nes1 ,s5s1 ,troyes1  
,*alons4  7b7 ,mont=t l',amaury1        
,con*es1 ,pont-,audem]1 ,caudebec1 ,r\51
   7,gr&-,&ely1 ,elbeuf1 ,pont de       
l',ar*e74  7c7 ,montmor5cy1 ,ec\51      
,*antilly 7,/4 ,qu5t971 ,beauvais4      
,also sep>ate visits to ,b\rg1 ,au* &   
,*ampigny-sur-,veude4   7,= table (     
di/ances1 see page #bie47   ,,v9c5nes   
,v9c5nes lies s close to ,p>is t x c be 
rea*$ by an electric c> :i* />ts f !    
,l\vre4 ,its /]nly =bidd+ =tress ( ! mo/

 approv$ feudal type1 & ! delightful    
p>k1 h be5 ! sc5e ( _m an int]e/+       
episode 9 ,fr5* hi/ory4 ,9 ! old =e/ :i*
 0 ! pr$ecessor ( ! mod]n p>k1 good     
,l\is ,,ix 0 wont to seat himself b5ea? 
an oak & measure out to all com]s t     
ev5-h&$ ju/ice :i* suppli$ "o ( !       
reasons = 8 canonisation4 ,(t51 on our  
travels1 we h not$ h[ en?usia/ically he 
esp\s$ ! cause ( /a9$ glass1 &1 !re=e1  
we ( ! ,bro!rhood ( ,glass ,lov]s %\ld  
feel a sympa!tic gl[ ( int]e/ :5ev] we  
happ5 ^u any sc5e hall[$ by 8           
p]sonality4 ,z = ! ca/le1 p]haps ! be/  
pro( ( its great /r5g? is its s9i/]     
record ( hav+ s]v$ dur+ _m reigns z a   
dungeon = prison]s ( ,/ate4 ,_m are !   
great names on its ro/] ( prison]s1 nor 
%all we wond] x 0 *os5 = t purpose aft] 
climb+ to ! top ( its donjon t[] &      
rem>k+ ! va/ ?ickness ( its walls       
surr\nd$ by ! deep1 yawn+ moat t        
isolates x f ! smil+ c\ntryside4 ,x is )
 a feel+ ( relief t we turn f !         
contemplation ( su* a subject to !      

delight :i* awaits u 9 ! graceful ,go?ic
 *apel ) its f9e vault+s1 set (f by !   
sup]b set ( w9d[s f ! h& ( t great ma/]1
 ,jean ,c\s94 ,poor w9d[s1 !y h suff]$  
_m vicissitudes s9ce _! completion 9    
#aeeh2 x 0 n en\gh t !y %\ld be subject$
 to ! ord9>y haz>ds ( "t--!y 7 actually 
tak5 out ( _! sett+s & mov$ away6 ,aft] 
an int]val !y turn$ up 9 #ahaf 9 !      
collection ( ,l5oir4 ,lat] !y 7 re/or$  
to _! orig9al embrasures1 b "s ( ! heads
 & limbs hav+ be5 lo/1 a bungl+ repair] 
replac$ !m by fragm5ts f o!r panels4    
,=tunately = u1 ! la/ re/oration 9 #ahgh
 has correct$ ?is & !y are n[ 9         
condition to %[ u :at _! arti/ int5d$ to
 set =?4 ,not)/&+ ! gl>+ light f !      
uncol\r$ w9d[s to ! we/1 ^! /a9$ glass  
pictures are s delightful 9 tone & draw+
 z to give u a v high op9ion ( ,jean    
,c\s94 ,x 0 b natural t he %\ld1 9      
accordance ) ! cu/om ( 8 "t1 seize ?is  
opportunity to recomm5d himself to royal
 fav\r1 &1 !re=e1 we mu/ n criticise him
 = putt+ ,h5ry ,,ii attir$ z a ,knight (

 ,/4 ,mi*ael 9 "o ( ! ea/]n w9d[s4 ,we  
may1 h[ev]1 v prop]ly object to !       
pres5ce ( ! royal mi/ress1 ,diane de    
,poiti]s1 among ! ,holy ,m>tyrs6 ,h5ry  
,,ii mu/ h lack$ a ke5 s5se ( hum\r1 or 
! arti/ might h run "s risks 9 s plac+ !
 fair ,diane4 ,! subjects ( ^! w9d[s are
 tak5 f ! /ories ( ! ,apocalypse & all[ 
! arti/ wide scope = 8 fancy1 ( :i* he  
avails himself to ! fulle/ ext5t4 ,he   
also indulges 9 sev]al d>+ comb9ations (
 col\r1 z = example1 9 depict+ ! flames 
9 ! panel to ! "r ( ! c5tral "o1 :]e he 
us$ lilac1 yell[1 br[n & r$1 & ea* col\r
 9 sev]al %ades4 ,j bel[1 9 8 %ipwreck  
picture1 he aga9 repres5ts ! flames 9 ! 
same bold way4 ,!n1 too1 !re is a       
di/9ctly blui% tone to 8 enfram+ /one   
canopies2 all ?is s\nds v raw & h>%1 b !
 g5]al effect is nev]!less excell5t4    
,?is 0 ! (ficial *apel ( ! ,ord] ( !    
,sa9t ,esprit1 s we are n surpris$ to   
f9d ^u "s ( ! w9d[s knights ( t ord] 9  
full regalia4 ,v9c5nes is p]haps ! be/  
place to /udy ,jean ,c\s92 c]ta9ly f>   

bett] ?an 8 bir?place1 ,s5s1 :i* we next
 visit4 ,!re ! ca!dral conta9s b two    
examples ( 8 skill1 b !y are v]itable   
ma/]pieces4   ,,s5s  ,ev5 ! mo/         
en?usia/ic admir] ( ,s5s c\ld n br+     
himself to describe t city1 or !        
surr\nd+ c\ntry1 z picturesque4 ,! latt]
 is monoton\sly flat1 reliev$ only by   
occasional *alk ridges4 ,! t[n /raggles 
away f ! riv] ,yonne ) little to rem9d u
 ( its =m] glories except ! ca!dral &   
its imm$iate neighb\rhood4 ,z we cross !
 bridge ne> ! railway /ation we w rem>k 
a v incongru\s s]vice :i* practical     
sci5ce has exact$ f a relic ( ! pa/4    
,ris+ f ! p>apet at ! highe/ po9t ( !   
bridge is a crucifix up ! back ( :i*    
runs a wire end+ ov] ! head ( ,*ri/ 9 an
 inc&esc5t electric light6 ,:5 we pass$ 
?r\gh ,s5s on our e>li] trip 7see page  
#gg7 we took occasion to relate !       
fateful co9cid5ce :i* took place 9 !    
twelf? c5tury :5 repres5tatives f all   
p>ts ( ,*ri/ian ,europe came !re to     
visit ! exil$ ,pope j 9 "t to see       

,william ( ,s5s complet+1 9 ! ca!dral1 !
 fir/ great /ep 9 ,go?ic4 ,?is co9cid5ce
 n only caus$ ! rapid spread ( ! new    
/yle ( ar*itecture to e "p ( ! ,*ri/ian 
_w repres5t$ by ^! visit+ delegates1 b  
also expla9s :y ,?omas a ,becket1 !n    
soj\rn+ 9 ,s5s1 select$ ?is ar*itect to 
rebuild ,cant]bury ,ca!dral 9 f>-(f     
,engl&4 ,n[ we come to a sixte5? c5tury 
tale :i* s]ves to %[ t ! p ( ! ,middle  
,ages 7 likewise ke5ly int]e/$ 9 art & t
 an arti/'s fame travell$ p]haps ev5 m  
widely1 all ?+s consid]$1 ?an x does    
to-day4 ,! beautifully light & graceful 
transepts at ,s5s 7 built by ,m>t9      
,cambi*e1 :o 0 also ! ar*itect (        
,beauvais ,ca!dral & likewise drew !    
plans = ! we/ front ( ,/4 ,pi]re at     
,troyes4  ,fir/ let u look at !         
ca!dral's ext]ior4 ,:5 view+ ! we/ front
 we are /ruck by ! appe>ance ( unusually
 great bread?1 due p>tly to !           
con/ruction ( ! ca!dral itself & p>tly  
to ! plac+ ( ! ,(ficialite 7a ?irte5?   
c5tury build+7 :i* has its greate/ l5g? 

ext5d+ to ! s\? level ) ! ca!dral's we/ 
front4 ,note ! device ( ! ,(ficialite's 
ar*itect to increase ! seem+ l5g? ( 8   
front by gradually dim9i%+ ! di/ances   
betwe5 8 buttresses4 ,)9 ?is f9e hall   
,/4 ,l\is 7,l\is ,,ix7 0 betro!d4 ,?is  
pond]\s appe>ance ( bread? result+ f !  
juxtaposition ( ^! two build+s might h  
produc$ too massive an effect if x 7 n =
 ! almo/ coquetti% fa%ion 9 :i* ! t[]   
rises up at ! ca!dral's s\?we/ corn]1   
giv+ a decid$ uplift & po9t to ! entire 
facade4 ,al?\gh ! ca!dral has f> few]   
w9d[s ?an we %all see at ,troyes        
7because its tri=ium is n pi]c$71 !     
light+ "h is almo/ g>i%1 ow+ to ! fact t
 ! cl]e/ory embrasures are glaz$ only 9 
grisaille4 ,9 ! *>m+ transepts1 h[ev]1  
we obta9 :at is p]haps ! ideal light+   
s\ght = by ! glass arti/ ( ! sixte5?    
c5tury4 ,! w9d[s are v num]\s & ( su*   
g5]al excell5ce z to r5d] ^! ! be/ glaz$
 transepts 9 ,france4 ,!y h n only      
unusually ample w9d[ space 9 _! sides1 b
 h also l>ge l[-rea*+ panels bel[ ! big 

rose w9d[s :i*1 z usual1 decorate ! upp]
 portion ( ! end walls4 ,s g5]\s 0 ?is  
ar*itect 9 ! numb] & size ( wall        
ap]tures z to prove h[ greatly he e/eem$
 ! assi/ance ( ! glazi]4 ,! records %[ t
 ^? 9 *>ge ( ! build+ made mo/          
intellig5t use ( ! opportunity provid$  
by ! unusual am\nt ( w9d[ space4 ,!y s5t
 f> & wide = ! be/ arti/s4 ,we read t 9 
#aejj !y summon$ f ,troyes ?ree ma/]    
glass pa9t]s1 ,ly59-,v>91 ,jean ,v]rat &
 ,bal?az> ,godon1 & turn$ a l>ge "p ( ! 
"w ov] to !m4 ,^! m5 f9i%$ _! task 9    
?ree ye>s1 & ! result amply ju/ifies _! 
selection4 ,! rose w9d[s are especially 
pleas+1 t to ! s\? %[+ ! ,la/ ,judgm5t )
 _m repetitions ( ! ,angel ,gabriel1 & t
 to ! nor? a mo/ *>m+ ?rong ( angels    
play+ ^u v>i\s musical in/rum5ts1 !     
int]weav+ ( ! glass tones be+ z h>moni\s
 z befits ?is heav5ly *oir4 ,! be/ kn[n 
w9d[ 9 ?is "p ( ! *ur* is a v brilliant 
,tree ( ,jesse ) a r$ backgr\nd be>+ on 
"o ( its bran*es ! celebrat$ ,grey      
,jackass 7a famili> figure 9 ! old ,fete

 des ,f\s73 x is at ! nor? end ( ! ea/  
wall ( ! s\? transept4 ,( ! beauty ( ^! 
transepts1 z well z ( ! way 9 :i* _!    
ar*itecture & glass prove mutually      
helpful1 too mu* _c be said4 ,! mo/     
fam\s w9d[s 9 ! *ur* are two by ,jean   
,c\s91 :o1 al?\gh born 9 ?is city 9     
#aeja1 is only repres5t$ 9 8 home       
ca!dral by ^! examples4 ,8 glori\s ,/4  
,eutropius is 9 ! ?ird *apel on ! "r ( !
 nave1 b ev5 f9] /ill is ! ,tiburt9e    
,sibyl 9 ! ,notre ,dame de ,lorette     
*apel on ! "r side ( ! *oir ambulatory4 
,x is only fair to ?is second w9d[ to   
say t x 0 some:at damag$ dur+ ! siege ( 
#ahad4 ,aft] inspect+ ^! two products ( 
8 g5ius1 x is easy to und]/& :y ,jean   
,c\s9 enjoy$ s wide a fame4 ,we h       
already ref]r$ to ! spl5did relics ( !  
twelf? c5tury :i* are f\nd on ! o!r side
 ( ! *oir ambulatory4 ,! result ( ?is v 
conv5i5t opportunity to comp>e ! be/ "w 
( ! twelf? & ! sixte5? c5turies is t we 
are sure to be />tl$ by ! diff]5ce n    
only 9 results1 b also 9 me?ods4        

,illu/ration3 ,,s\? ,,transept1 ,,s5s   
7#af,,? ,,c5tury74      ,! ,rose is n[  
greatly elaborat$1 its l9es m fl[+1 &   
its position 9 ! wall beautifi$ by !    
graceful adju/m5t      ( ! lancets bel[4
   ,,troyes  ,to-day ! flat c\ntry ( !  
anci5t prov9ce ( ,*ampagne1 brok5 only  
by occasional ridges ( ! *alk :i*       
und]lie ! surface to ! great advantage (
 its fam\s grapes1 af=ds b little (     
int]e/ to ! travell] by automobile1 &   
has only its level go+ to recomm5d x to 
! bicycli/4 ,!re is n en\gh traffic on  
its roads to enliv5 ! monotony ( !      
j\rney4 ,h[ diff]5t mu/ x h be5 :5 ^!   
same highways teem$ ) int]e/+ gr\ps f e 
rank ( society1 all cr[d+ to ! fam\s    
fair ( ,troyes1 :i* dur+ ! ,middle ,ages
 0 ! b\rne ( s _m trad]s1 knights & o!r 
seek]s ( adv5ture f all p>ts (          
,*ri/5dom4 ,9 ^? days no "o w\ld h _h   
leisure to notice ! monotony ( ! sc5]y1 
s engross$ w\ld he h be5 9 ^? pass+     
cr[ds made up ( e nationality ( ,europe1
 all repair+ to ?is great m>t ( trade4  

,dur+ ^? halcyon days ( comm]cial       
di/9ction !re mu/ h be5 laid broad      
f\ndations ( cosmopolitan ta/es1 & a    
reflection ^u ^? times makes x easi] to 
und]/& :y s _m arti/s %\ld lat] h be5   
born citiz5s ( t /\t burgh4 ,?is also   
expla9s :y s l>ge a numb] ( ,flemi% &   
,italian arti/s resort$ hi!r1 leav+ m>k$
 traces ( _! influ5ce4 ,?is prosp]ity 0 
tempor>ily *eck$ by ! edict ( ,l\is ,x  
=bidd+ ! ,flemi% to trade at its fairs1 
& ! abs5ce ( ^! l[l&]s 0 soon foll[$ by 
t ( ! ,italians4 ,f ?is cause1 comb9$ ) 
o!rs1 ! fairs lo/ _! importance1 & !    
,hundr$ ,ye>s ,w> com+ soon aft]1 put ! 
f9i%+ t\*es to ! city's decad5ce4 ,!    
damag+ & dre>y ye>s ( ! ,engli%         
occupation 71 h[ev]1 enliv5$ by !       
episode ( ! m>riage ( ,h5ry ,v ( ,engl& 
to ,ca!r9e ( ,france1 att5d$ by all !   
pomp & pageantry t w\ld naturally be    
attract$ ?i!r by s notable an ev5t4     
,troyes did n1 h[ev]1 recov] h] old     
comm]cial pre/ige until j be=e ! beg9n+ 
( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,!n %e took su* a   

b\nd =w>d z1 ?r\gh ! new weal? ( h]     
citiz5s1 to make possible t enc\ragem5t 
( art :i* develop$ ! unrivall$ s*ool (  
glass pa9t]s soon to make h] fam\s f> & 
ne>4 ,9 fact1 s widely 0 _! fame spread 
& s firmly 7 !y e/abli%$1 t _! s*ool    
p]si/$ f> into ! sev5te5? c5tury1 !     
vig\r ( _! art long outliv+ t ( mo/ ( ! 
o!r ,fr5* glass c5tres4 ,!re is no place
 9 ,france 9 :i* "o c bett] see examples
 ( ! v>i\s ramifications ( ! sixte5?    
c5tury /yle 9 glass4 ,we h "h n only !  
ca!dral1 b *ur* aft] *ur* full ( ! "w ( 
! be/ ma/]s4 ,we %all see n only !      
picture w9d[ 9 lively col\r1 b also t 9 
! subdu$ /yle ( grey & yell[ /a91 to :i*
 we h allud$ be=e4 ,fur!rmore1 9 !      
,libr>y !re is a s]ies ( hi/orical      
panels :i* is n excell$ any:]e1 ! secul>
 topics ( ! sc5es giv+ an excell5t      
opportunity to %[ co/umes & mann]s ( !  
times4 ,nor mu/ "o conf9e oneself )9 !  
exact limits ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 because
 we h not$ t "h ! /yle ( t c5tury ext5d$
 practically un*ang$ f> into ! next4 ,we

 %all beg9 :5 ! /yle beg9s & we %all    
foll[ x z long z its heal?y life        
cont9ues4 ,( ! num]\s *ur*es 9 ,troyes1 
^? :i* *iefly int]e/ ! glass /ud5t are !
 ,ca!dral1 ,/4 ,urba91 ,/4 ,jean1 ,/4   
,nizi]1 ,la ,madele9e1 ,/4 ,pantaleon1  
,/4 ,nicolas1 & ,/4 ,m>t9-es-,vignes4   
,besides ^! *ur*es1 !re is also !       
,libr>y to be visit$ = its s]ies ( w9d[s
 devot$ to civic subjects4 ,= a         
description ( t ,go?ic egg%ell1 ,/4     
,urba91 turn back to page #hb1 :]e w    
also be f\nd an acc\nt ( ! spl5did      
?irte5? c5tury glass t makes ! *oir ( ! 
,ca!dral s glori\s4  ,let u beg9 our    
/roll ab\t ! t[n by a visit to ,/4      
,jean4 ,x w\ld be difficult = a *ur* to 
m completely pres]ve its m$iaeval       
appe>ance ?an ?is "o4 ,besides1 ! way 9 
:i* x is tuck$ 9 betwe5 two crook$1 n>r[
 old /reets con=ms to ! mo/ approv$     
rules ( /age sett+4 ,its qua9t1 irregul>
 ext]ior makes x appe> a picturesque    
m$ley ( ?ree or f\r *ur*es ( v>y+ size1 
:ile its anci5t belfry p]*$ on "o side l

 a fea!r 9 a cap l5ds ! ensemble an     
almo/ jaunty air4 ,! alt> be=e :i* ,l\is
 ,,ii 0 cr[n$ & ,h5ry ,v ( ,engl& m>ri$1
 has be5 remov$ to ! ea/ & plac$ 9 ! m  
mod]n ,lady ,*apel4 ,we get an int]e/+  
h9t ( ! great value atta*$ to /a9$ glass
 :5 we le>n t ! orig9al ( a w9d[ on ! "r
 side ( ! nave cl]e/ory 7%[+ !          
coronation ( ,l\is ,,ii7 0 dem&$ z "p ( 
! ransom ( ,francis ,i :5 he 0 captur$  
at ! ,battle ( ,pavia4 ,?is orig9al w9d[
 is said to be some:]e 9 ,spa94 ,! axis 
( ! *oir slants q noticeably f t ( !    
nave1 & ! prie/s say t ?is slant is     
int5d$ to symbolise ! incl9ation ( !    
head ( ,*ri/ on ! ,cross aft] ,8 dea?4  
,we notice ! same diff]5ce 9 axis1 z    
well z ! same tradition1 at ,quimp]1 b  
we !re le>n$ t ! true explanation 0 n s 
poetic4 ,"h also we are oblig$ to reject
 ! qua9t leg5d ( ! prie/s2 ! municipal  
improvem5ts aft] ! great fire :i* ravag$
 ! city 9 #aebd1 necessitat$ !          
rectification ( ! /reet l9e1 & ! nor?   
side ( ! *oir _h to be slant$ to con=m  

!reto4 ,! glass is 9 _m ways ( int]e/1 b
 has be5 a good deal mutilat$4 ,t 9 !   
nave has suff]$ mo/1 b =tunately mu* (  
its beauty rema9s4 ,notice ! admirable  
,judgm5t ( ,solomon on ! s\? side4 ,9 ! 
*oir & 9 its *apels we %all get a real  
ta/e ( ! ,troyes glass s*ool1 "s ( !    
w9d[s be+ excell5t1 especially t ( !    
bro!rs ,gon?i]1 %[+ ! ,m>riage ,fea/ at 
,cana1 ! ,manna 9 ! ,des]t1 etc4 ,9 _m (
 ! *ur*es 9 ?is city we %all obs]ve     
pa9t+s hung ^u ! walls1 & two ( ^? :i*  
decorate ?is sanctu>y w s]ve to rem9d u 
t ,pi]re ,mign>d1 ! great pa9t] ( ,l\is 
,,xiv1 0 born "h4  ,ano!r anci5t *ur*1 &
 "o mu* ri*] 9 glass1 is ,/4 ,nizi]4    
,its orig9al glaz+ _h rema9$ practically
 intact until 9 ,augu/1 #aija1 :5 a mo/ 
unusual calamity ov]came "s ( x4 ,an    
an>*i/ explod$ a bomb 9 a *apel on !    
nor? ( ! *oir4 ,we h obs]v$ :at our poor
 fri5d has _h to endure 9 _m places1 b  
to be %att]$ by an an>*i/ic explosion   
seems a mo/ incongru\s fate4 ,x is1     
h[ev]1 a pleasant surprise to f9d h[    

little damage 0 done by ?is act (       
v&alism4 ,! f9e/ w9d[ is und\bt$ly t :i*
 adorns ! s\? transept & %[s ,religion  
ov]com+ ,h]esy4 ,! c5tral "o 9 ! *oir 7!
 ,virg9 ,m>y & ! ,apo/les receiv+ !     
,holy ,gho/7 is by ! celebrat$ ,macadre 
( ,troyes1 b ! writ] f9ds its effect    
injur$ by ! fact t ! arti/ 7probably to 
indicate t ! side panels are to be      
consid]$ 9 conjunction ) ! c5tral "o7   
all[s ! h&s ( c]ta9 figures at ! side to
 ext5d ov] ^u ! c5tral panel4 ,?is      
c5tury surely w5t f> en\gh 9 its        
disreg>d = ! delimit+ duties ( ! leads1 
b :5 we f9d an arti/ s c>eless ( !      
prop]ties ( 8 mat]ials z to put a h& ov]
 on ! o!r side ( a /one mullion1 x w\ld 
seem t ! limit _h be5 exce$$4  ,! mo/   
anci5t ( all ! ,troyes *ur*es is ,la    
,madele9e4 ,x conta9s a m>vell\s jube   
ar* swung 9 air betwe5 ! two we/]n      
columns ( ! *oir4 ,al?\gh ( /one1 !     
workman%ip is s delicate & lace-l t we  
are n surpris$ t ! epitaph ( its build] 
buri$ bel[ us$ to read t he calmly      

await$ ! ,judgm5t ,day ) no fe> ( ! /one
 ar* fall+ ^u him4 ,! glass ar\nd ! *oir
 is excell5t1 b we mu/ g to ! ,lady     
,*apel to see ! be/4 ,on ! "r is a ,tree
 ( ,jesse1 rem>kable = ! numb] ( figures
 x conta9s4 ,! ea/ w9d[ is ! gift ( !   
,jewell]s' ,guild1 :i* fact is c>efully 
set =? !reon4 ,to ! left is a f9e       
example ( glass-mak+1 b 9 addition to t1
 because ( ! treatm5t ( its subject1 x  
is z int]e/+ z "o w (t5 f9d4 ,beg9n+ at 
! l[] left-h& corn] & read+ to ! "r1 are
 a s]ies ( sc5es depict+ ! creation ( ! 
_w1 ,g>d5 ( ,ed51 etc4 ,! imag9ation ( !
 arti/ set =? ! creation ( ! _w 9 a     
mann] surpris+ly close to ! late/ !ories
 ( mod]n sci5ce4 ,he />ts ) a r\nd gl[+ 
ball ( matt] :i*1 by means ( rotation ^u
 its axis1 develops 9 ! succe$+         
pictures1 fir/1 a m symmetrical %ape1 & 
!n ! appe>ance ( l&1 =mation ( cont95ts1
 etc41 etc4 ,on ! left ( ea* ( ^! sc5es 
/&s ! figure ( ,jehovah1 9 a co/ume     
resembl+ t ( a high prie/4 ,!re is h>dly
 a w9d[ 9 ,france t tells z mu* or is m 

int]e/+ 9 ! tell+ ?an ?is "o4           
,illu/ration3 ,,creation ,,w9d[1 ,,la   
,,madele9e1 ,,troyes 7#af,,? ,,c5tury74 
,read f left to "r1 beg9n+ ) l[e/ ti]4  
,e>?      evolv$ f *aos1 %[n by gl[+    
yell[ ball revolv+ on      its axis2    
bir? ( ,eve1 etc4 ,trac]y ,lights above 
are becom+      simpl] 9 =m z elaborate 
,go?ic gives way to ,r5aissance4  ,n[ we
 come to a /yle t is bett] %[n "h ?an   
any:]e else--! picture w9d[ compos$ (   
grey & occasionally "s fle% t9ts1 )     
t\*es ( yell[ /a9 to relieve x4 ,two    
*ur*es are entirely glaz$ 9 ?is         
mann]--,/4 ,pantaleon & ,/4 ,nicolas4 ,!
 latt]1 x is true1 has "o or two ( its  
upp] w9d[s 9 col\r1 b ! g5]al effect is 
t ( a *ur* glaz$ 9 grey & /a94 ,( c\rse1
 ^! two int]iors1 because ( ?is glaz+1  
are v brilliantly light$1 & 9 ! op9ion (
 ! writ]1 mu* too brilliantly4 ,?is     
me?od prov$ v felicit\s :5 devot$ to    
dome/ic purposes 7z f\nd t[>ds ! end (  
?is c5tury & dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ! next71 b
 = a religi\s edifice1 al?\gh int]e/+1 x

 is d\btful if x is beautiful or        
suitable4 ,!re are "s unusual           
ar*itectural features to be f\nd 9 bo?  
^! *ur*es4 ,/4 ,nicolas has a v graceful
 /one gall]y ext5d+ across ! we/]n end  
approa*$ by a gradually b5d+ /aircase1 !
 supports ( :i* are ( admirable design4 
,/4 ,pantaleon c h>dly be said to be    
attractive4 ,! int]ior is too high & too
 gl>+ly light$1 b x af=ds ! be/         
opportunity to /udy ?is grey & /a9 /yle4
 ,notice t freely z is ! yell[ /a9 us$  
to enliv5 ! monotony ( ! greys1 x does n
 succe$ 9 produc+ ! *>m+ silv]y tone    
yield$ by ! canopy w9d[ ( ! two prec$+  
c5turies4 ,"h & !re "o obs]ves an       
attempt to modify ! ultra-yell[i% grey  
tone by introduc+ blues into ! bord]s4  
,! fals5ess ( /yle ev]y:]e noticeable   
rea*es its climax 9 a gall]y on ! left  
ne> ! entrance1 conta9+ two /one figures
 :i* appe> to be look+ d[n f x4 ,d n    
fail to visit ,/4 ,pantaleon 9 ord] to  
/udy its unusual glaz+1 b d s out (     
curiosity & n expect+ beauty1 or y w be 

disappo9t$4 ,its lack ( *>m w1 h[ev]1   
prove useful if y g /raight on f "h to !
 ,ca!dral1 = by contra/ x w int5sify y\r
 appreciation ( ! sympa!tic assi/ance   
:i* ! weal? ( col\r !re l5ds to !       
spl5did ar*itectural effect ( ! int]ior4
 ,we h already tak5 our read] to inspect
 ! ?irte5? c5tury glass ar\nd ! *oir1 b 
n[ we w h him /op 9 ! nave to see ! "w  
:i* ! sixte5? c5tury produc$4 ,"o       
imm$iately notices ! p>ticul>ly cle>    
fre% col\r+ ( ! glass1 & ?is1 comb9$ )  
its great quantity 7= ! pi]c$ tri=ium   
p]mits an additional r[ ( w9d[s besides 
! cl]e/ory above & ! aisles bel[71      
produces an impression :i* is s unique1 
& s di/9ctive1 t x always l+]s 9 !      
memory4 ,! r unpleasant contra/ notic$  
at ,b\rges betwe5 ! dep? & ! w>m? ( !   
?irte5? c5tury & ! light] tones ( ! lat]
 glass is =tunately abs5t f ,troyes4 ,! 
reason = ?is is ! unusually ri* col\r ( 
! lat] w9d[s4 ,f s _m excell5t ones x is
 difficult to select a few to m5tion1 b 
we p>ticul>ly comm5d ! f\r? on ! "r 7a  

,tree ( ,jesse7 & ! "o 9 ! f\r? *apel on
 ! left1 ,l9>d ,gon?i]'s fam\s ,w9e     
,press4 ,! ,tree ( ,jesse is n only a   
beautiful example ( its type1 b is r out
 ( ! ord9>y because x has a r$ in/ead ( 
a blue backgr\nd4 ,^u ?is w9d[1 z well z
 on mo/ ( ! o!rs1 are to be se5 !       
donors1 _! coats-(-arms1 & o!r int]e/+  
sixte5? c5tury features4 ,gon?i]'s ,w9e 
,press is s well kn[n z h>dly to call = 
a ^w ( description4 ,*ri/ is /ret*$ out 
9 ! press1 ,8 blood runn+ into a *alice1
 :ile f ,8 brea/ spr+s a v9e spread+ ov]
 ! w9d[1 be>+ z its blossoms ! twelve   
,apo/les4 ,al?\gh ?is w9d[ is dat$      
#afbe1 x is 9 ! be/ /yle ( ! sixte5?    
c5tury & %[s no t5d5cy t[>ds decad5ce 9 
ei!r draw+ or col\r+4 ,be=e leav+ !     
int]ior1 notice an odd ar*itectural     
device 9 ! nor? rose4 ,?is w9d[ is ( !  
:eel type & has a support+ column runn+ 
up ?r\gh x z f> z its middle1 sugge/+ a 
gigantic p9:eel4 ,!re is a simil>       
support+ column 9 ! nor? rose at ,t\rs1 
b !re x runs /raight up ?r\gh ! w9d[ to 

! top1 & un=tunately is too heavily &   
solidly built4  ,ne>ly all m$iaeval     
glass 0 adorn$ ) religi\s subjects1 &   
!re=e we h an unusual treat :5 we visit 
! l>ge hall ( ! ,libr>y & exam9e !      
?irty-two panels t fill its eight l>ge  
w9d[s4 ,!y are f ! h& ( ,l9>d ,gon?i]1 &
 ! sc5es are commemorative ( ! visit to 
,troyes ( ,h5ry ,,iv 9 #aeie4 ,v *>m+1  
inde$1 are ^! pictures ( ! life &       
pageants ( ! "t4 ,!re are _m famili>    
little t\*es1 su* z a small boy be+ pu%$
 (f into ! wat] by ! cr[d1 etc4 ,"s ( ! 
panels are also ri* 9 armorial be>+s4   
,we h purposely delay$ until ! la/ any  
ref]5ce to ,/4 ,m>t9-es-,vignes because 
x 0 entirely glaz$ at ! "t :5 ! ,troyes 
sixte5? c5tury s*ool1 al?\gh /ill wor?y 
( its traditions1 0 ab\t rea*+ its end4 
,?is glass is uni=mly good & provides a 
mo/ pleas+ int]ior1 obvi\sly rely+ = its
 effect ^u ! glaz+4 ,! dat+ is t ( !    
e>li] ye>s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,if we  
exam9e ! w9d[s too closely we easily f9d
 indications ( a decad5ce ( /yle4 ,=    

in/ance1 ! second on ! left gives s mu* 
importance to ! kneel+ donors t1 al?\gh 
we _c d5y ! excell5ce ( ! "w1 we mu/    
/rongly criticise ! ta/e :i* made !m s  
prom95t a feature4 ,reg>d$ z a :ole1    
h[ev]1 ! result 9 ?is *ur* is s excell5t
 t x cle>ly proves :at we h be=e /at$1  
viz43 ! virility & /r5g? ( ! glassmak]'s
 art at ,troyes outla/$ t ( mo/ ( !     
contempor>y ,fr5* s*ools4               
,,*alons-,,sur-,,m>ne  ,be=e pay+ our   
second visit "h to exam9e ! sixte5?     
c5tury w9d[s1 let u turn back to page   
#hg & refre% our memory by glanc+ ?r\gh 
! acc\nt ( our ?irte5? c5tury trip to   
?is city4 ,we %all ?us be rem9d$ ( !    
mode/ly retir+ beauty ( its small p>ks1 
z well z ( its ca!dral & two f9e *ur*es4
 ,e /yle ( sixte5? c5tury glass is to be
 f\nd 9 ,*alons1 b = all t x w\ld h>dly 
be select$ z "o ( ! be/ places 9 :i* to 
comp>e !m4 ,! small *ur* ( ,/4 ,alp9 has
 9 its nave a s]ies ( excell5t w9d[s (  
yell[ /a9 & grey su* z we notic$ 9 ,/4  
,pantaleon & ,/4 ,nicolas at ,troyes4 ,9

 ^? two *ur*es ! relatively great w9d[  
space exposes ! weakness ( ?is /yle by  
demon/rat+ t 9 l>ge int]iors x makes !  
light gl>+4 ,by contra/1 9 ,/4 ,alp91   
:]e ! nave ceil+ is l[ & ! w9d[ ap]tures
 small1 ?is me?od ( glaz+1 by admitt+ a 
great deal ( light1 produces a v happy  
effect4 ,9 ?is ,/4 ,alp9 glass !re are  
m>k$ traces ( ,italian ta/e1 m s ?an 9 t
 at ,troyes1 ?\gh ! latt] is commonly   
cr$it$ ) be+ ! mo/ noticeably affect$ by
 =eign influ5ce4 ,! fir/ "o on ! "r1 %[+
 ,/4 ,alp9 be=e ,attila1 is delightful1 
e advantage hav+ be5 tak5 ( ! s(tness ( 
tone :i* is ! *ief m]it ( ?is p>ticul>  
treatm5t4 ,"s ( ! o!rs are also good1 b 
! "o j m5tion$ is ! be/4 ,ar\nd ! *oir  
are int]e/+ col\r$ panels1 b s brok5 up 
into small sc5es z to be r5d]$          
ineffective4 ,! h&some *ur* ( ,notre    
,dame does n1 9 its w9d[s1 fulfill !    
promise ( its ar*itecture4 ,a great deal
 ( ! glass is new1 & mu* ( ! old is     
mutilat$1 b 9 ! l[] r[ on ! left side ( 
! nave !re are sev]al brilliant examples

 ( :at ! sixte5? c5tury ,*ampagne s*ool 
c\ld accompli% 9 ! picture w9d[4        
,especially vigor\s & /rik+ is ! fir/ on
 ! left1 %[+ ,/4 ,james enc\rag+ !      
,spani>ds to defeat ! ,moors4 ,x is z   
good a battle picture 9 glass z "o w    
f9d4 ,9 ! fif? on ! left 7a ,crucifixion
 sc5e7 we note a trick (t5 obs]v$ 9 ?is 
prov9ce1 = ! little gold5 />s are       
sep>ately lead$ into ! blue sky4 ,pass+ 
on to ! ,ca!dral1 disappo9tm5t awaits u4
 ,on our =m] visit we f\nd x s fruitful 
& int]e/+ 9 ?irte5? c5tury glass t we _h
 a "r to expect m ?an is yield$ by !    
inspection ( ! r[ ( sixte5? c5tury w9d[s
 :i* ext5d along ! l[] "r side ( ! nave4
 ,! canopies 9 ! six? "o betray t x is  
fifte5? c5tury1 b all ! o!rs are lat]4  
,! fir/ on ! "r is ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ?is  
s]ies1 al?\gh x is ! poore/ 9 execution4
 ,on elev5 ( its comp>tm5ts are         
repres5t$ sc5es f ! ,creation1 ,g>d5 (  
,ed51 etc41 :]e9 c]ta9 qua9t conceits   
are noticeable4 ,un=tunately its _m     
nudes are v poorly drawn & ! glass us$  

is m$iocre 9 quality4 ,we c "h cle>ly   
see t1 al?\gh ! arti/ ( ?is p]iod 0 sav$
 a great deal ( lead "w by 8 l>ge pieces
 ( glass1 _! use requir$ him to select  
%eets ( ev5] tone & bett] quality ?an 9 
! days :5 8 pieces 7 mu* small]4        
,,mont=t ,l',,amaury  ,an agreeable r\te
 f ,p>is to ,con*es1 etc41 is by way (  
,mont=t l',amaury1 :i* lies beyond      
,v]sailles1 j (f ! ma9 road to ,dreux1 &
 #de kilometres di/ant f ,p>is4 ,if !   
pilgrim is travell+ by tra9 or if he    
wi%es to g /raight f ,p>is to ,con*es1  
he %\ld !n po/pone until ano!r occasion 
8 visit to ,mont=t l',amaury1 & w ?us   
keep 9 /ore = himself a v pleasant      
half-day automobile excursion4 ,! object
 ( ! visit proves to be a small *ur* :i*
 has pres]v$ its sixte5? c5tury glaz+   
practically intact4 ,no?+ c\ld be m     
simple ?an its gr\nd plan1 = !re are no 
transepts1 no *apels1 simply "o long    
build+ r\nd$ at ! ea/ end1 ^: %ape      
sugge/s t ( a man's ?umb4 ,:ile we mu/ n
 expect to f9d s spl5did a glass s]ies z

 at ,con*es1 nei!r mu/ we fail to       
appreciate t "h is a *ur* ) ?irty-?ree  
w9d[s1 all ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & 9      
excell5t /ate ( pres]vation4 ,z we ent] 
by ! small s\? portal ! effect t meets  
our eye is mo/ agreeable4 ,clos]        
inspection ( ! w9d[s un=tunately reveals
 t !y v>y m>k$ly 9 quality & are        
evid5tly ! "w ( diff]5t arti/s4 ,x _c be
 d5i$ t _m ( !m are commonplace1 al?\gh 
none is really poor4 ,_! dat+ helps to  
expla9 ?is m$iocrity1 = !y 7 con/ruct$  
t[>ds ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 at a "t 
:5 our art 0 hurry+ into decad5ce4 ,!   
few e>li] ones1 & especially t dat$     
#aedd1 are ! be/4 ,! latt] is ! eigh? on
 ! left & depicts ,jesus be+ %[n to ! p4
 ,ano!r1 ! ?ird on ! left1 tells ! /ory 
( ,joseph1 & is an obvi\s example ( !   
,italian influ5ce s preval5t dur+ t     
epo*4 ,! sc5e 9 :i* he is escap+ f      
,potiph>'s wife is almo/ an exact copy f
 ,raphael4 ,we mu/ n fail to rem>k !    
?ird f ! ea/]n end1 9 :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ 
is desc5d+ ^u ! assembl$ disciples 9 !  

=m ( a %[] ( gold5 tongues4 ,! gr\p+ ( !
 figures1 ! play ( ! col\rs1 & ! ri*ness
 l5t by ^! t\*es ( gold1 all comb9e to  
make a brilliant picture4 ,! second to !
 "r ( ?is conta9s ! ,fall+ ( ,manna 9 ! 
,wild]ness1 b z ! tones us$ "h are mu*  
l[]1 & ! manna is depict$ z a ra9 ( :ite
 spots1 ! w9d[1 z a :ole1 is mu* quiet] 
?an ! "o j describ$4 ,9 ! *ur* at       
,mont=t l',amaury an in/ructive light is
 ?r[n ^u ! obtrusive appe>ance ( donors 
s frequ5tly f\nd dur+ ! sixte5? c5tury4 
,we "k t ! figures are (t5 s l>ge z to  
be positively obnoxi\s1 b x is "h       
demon/rat$ beyond d\bt t ! arti/ work$ v
 mu* m c>efully ^u ^! portraits ?an ^u !
 re/ ( 8 w9d[4 ,!re are few places :]e  
?is c be m conv5i5tly /udi$1 & = ?is    
reason our visit has be5 a useful "o1   
ev5 ?\gh ! glass be ( a class a little  
bel[ ! be/4   ,,con*es  ,!re are f\r    
mode/ %r9es to :i* e glass lov] %\ld    
contrive to repair1 no matt] :at may be 
! difficulties 9 ! way nor h[ mu* "t x  
may take4 ,( ^! f\r1 "o at ,fair=d 7ne> 

,ox=d7 is 9 ,engl&1 :ile ! o!r ?ree are 
9 ,france1 & are ! ,/e4 ,*apelle 9      
,p>is1 ! village *ur* at ,eym\ti]s &    
,/e4 ,foy at ,con*es4 ,9 ea* we f9d !   
*ur* completely glaz$ 9 "o p]iod &1     
fur!rmore1 ) ! be/ glass !n procurable4 
,! sc5e t to-day meets our eye 9 ea* (  
^! small sanctu>ies is practically !    
same t rew>d$ ! arti/ ! day he complet$ 
8 "w4 ,we h frequ5tly _h occasion on our
 t\rs to notice h[ mu* c]ta9 glass w\ld 
h be5 improv$ if contra/+ w9d[s c\ld b  
be remov$ f ! edifice1 or ! edifice     
itself 9 "s way *ang$4 ,!re w be no ne$ 
= any su* m5tal correction ( ! picture  
:5 we visit ,con*es4 ,"h1 aft] y h clos$
 ! door on ! tw5tie? c5tury life        
outside1 y feel t y h turn$ back ! f+] (
 "t & are liv+ 9 ! days ( t eloqu5t     
beauty :i* speaks out to y f its w9d[s4 
,p]haps n[h]e else w y get ! wond]ful   
accord ( tone ) tone & hue ) hue t makes
 ! col\r at ,con*es s radiantly lovely4 
,we f9d ourselves 9 a v simple *ur* ab\t
 twice z long z broad1 ! only dep>ture f

 its rectangul> plan be+ a small        
five-sid$ *apel :i* projects f its ea/]n
 end4 ,!re is no?+ to aid ! glass 9 its 
s]vice ( mak+ spl5did ! int]ior4 ,9     
fact1 "o might add t !re is no?+ :i*    
d>es insult x by an (f] ( s obvi\sly    
unnecess>y assi/ance4 ,practically all !
 w9d[s are ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & !y are 
s f9e t x seems unfair to call p>ticul> 
att5tion to ! elaborate set design$ by  
,aldegrev]s1 a pupil ( ,albre*t ,du]]4  
,^! fill ! sev5 tall w9d[s ( two lancets
 ea*1 :i* light ! ea/]n *apel & are dat$
 #aebj4 ,( ! =ty-two subjects ^u ^!     
w9d[s1 ^? 9 ! upp] range %[ sc5es f !   
life ( ,*ri/ & ^? 9 ! l[] f t ( ,/e4    
,sophia4 ,x is unfair to describe !m2 !y
 %\ld be se54 ,at ?is po9t we may comm5t
 t al?\gh x is occasionally possible to 
convey "s idea ( an individual panel by 
te*nical description1 x is useless to   
attempt1 by means ( words1 to give a    
read] a j conception ( su* an int]ior z 
! glass produces at ,con*es4 ,beside ^! 
by ,aldegrev]s !re are eighte5 o!rs ^:  

dates1 runn+ f #aedj to #aeec1 %[ !m to 
be ( slightly lat] con/ruction4 ,9 !    
f\r? on ! "r ! allegorical subject      
conta9s an unusual detail4 ,a gr\p (    
figures repres5t ! ,lib]al ,arts1 &     
among !m1 ,music3 ^u h] insignia appe>s 
a musical phrase express$ 9 prop]       
notation4 ,?is repres5tation ( writt5   
music ^u glass is extremely r>e4 ,we    
%all see ano!r ( ! v infrequ5t in/ances 
:5 we visit ,caudebec4 ,among ! f9e/    
w9d[s is ! fif? on ! "r1 :i* repres5ts !
 allegory ( ! ,w9e ,press4 ,"h ! subject
 is n treat$ 9 ! usual gruesome fa%ion4 
,x is n ! blood ( ,*ri/ :i* s]ves z !   
w9e b1 in/ead1 ! juice ( grapes :i* ,he 
is cru%+ 9 ! press4 ,?r\gh\t all ^!     
w9d[s ! di/ant l&scapes are depict$ 9   
mu* m conv9c+ col\r+ ?an is usually f\nd
 at ?is "t4 ,?is seems due to ! fact t !
 light blue glass us$ = t purpose is    
left cle> ( all pa9t except t ne$$ =    
del9eation4 ,else:]e ^! blue backgr\nds 
(t5 h s mu* pa9t ^u !m z to be r5d]$    
p>tly opaque & !re=e incapable (        

simulat+ ! dep? necess>y = great        
di/ances4 ,9 /r5g? z well z 9 judici\s  
comb9ation ( a surpris+ly wide range (  
col\rs1 _! c5tury c %[ few examples to  
rival ^!4 ,n only is _! value enhanc$ by
 ! simplicity ( ! int]ior :i* !y        
decorate1 & :i*1 !re=e1 has no?+ to     
di/ract our att5tion f _! beauty1 b ?is 
v beauty is made all ! m impressive by !
 %>p contra/ provid$ by ! dullness ( !  
little t[n outside & ! pla9 ext]ior ( ! 
*ur* :i* x s glorifies4                 
,,pont-,,audem]  ,! *ur* ( ,/4 ,ou5 at  
,pont-,audem] w always h = ! writ] t    
peculi> *>m ( almo/ propriet>y "r :i* ! 
discov]] is sure to feel 9 some?+ ^u :i*
 he has happ5$ unexpect$ly4 ,on 8 way   
?r\gh ! t[n he saw ! *ur*1 & hav+ notic$
 f ! outside t ! w9d[s conta9$ /a9$     
glass1 he /opp$ & w5t 91 undet]r$ by !  
positively di%evell$ look ( ! unf9i%$ & 
dismantl$ we/ front4 ,a delightful      
surprise await$ him4 ,ar\nd ! walls ( ! 
nave1 ! space usually occupi$ by !      
tri=ium gall]y "h becomes a broad frieze

 s exquisitely c>v$ 9 ,go?ic patt]ns z  
seem+ly to drape ! walls ) lace4 ,9     
fact1 y h>dly notice ! unf9i%$ condition
 ( ! upp] "p ( ! *ur*1 s engross$ are y 
9 ?is v unusual feature1 "o ( :i* any   
ca!dral 9 ,france might be pr\d4 ,& 9 ! 
embrasures bel[1 :at a gall]y ( h>moni\s
 glass6 ,n only are ! individual w9d[s  
excell5t1 b !y h>monise s well z to make
 "o feel t ea* arti/ mu/ h be5 at !     
greate/ pa9s to make 8 "w contribute to 
& n int]f]e ) ! g5]al s*eme4 ,x is = !  
glass hunt] a treasure trove to f9d a   
*ur* :i* has pres]v$ a complete glaz+ ( 
"o p]iod1 b to h ! w9d[s all good1 &    
bett] /ill1 9 su* *>m+ accord ) ea* o!r1
 makes ! occasion ( 8 visit to          
,pont-,audem] a r$-lett] day4 ,! gr\nd  
plan ( ! *ur* is some:at brok5 up1 b ev5
 t seems b to add to ! *>m ( ! int]ior4 
,! fir/ w9d[ to ! left 9 :at might be   
call$ ! *oir ambulatory is n only ! be/ 
b by f> ! mo/ int]e/+4 ,)\t any def9ite 
division ( its surface into panels1 !   
:ole picture seems to gracefully resolve

 itself into f\r contra/+ sc5es f ! ,old
 & ! ,new ,te/am5t1 entitl$ ,devant la  
,loy1 ,s\bz la ,loy1 ,devant la ,grace1 
,s\bz la ,grace4 ,! effect ( cl\ds 9 !  
sky is v elaborately work$ out1 :ile "h 
& !re betwe5 !m peep =? ! head & w+s (  
little *]ubs--x is really v engag+4     
,possibly ! ov]-capti\s visitor may     
consid] ! comb9ation ( small heads &    
surr\nd+ cl\ds some:at rem9isc5t ( !    
buttons hold+ d[n uphol/]y1 b su* a c>p+
 critic %\ld be pack$ (f ab\t 8         
ill-temp]$ bus9ess6 ,9 a w9d[ on ! "r   
side ( ! nave ! donors are rang$ along a
 little gall]y 9 ! l[e/ panel4 ,?is     
me?od has 9 its fav\r t x does n pres5t 
!m z intrud]s on ! picture1 s (t5 ! case
 9 ?is c5tury4 ,we c>ry away ) u a *>m+ 
impression ( ! s]vice r5d]$ by ! glass 9
 ton+ ! light = ! graceful /one c>v+s on
 ! nave walls4 ,! effect is unique4  ,on
 ! outskirts ( ! t[n !re is a small     
*ur*1 ,/4 ,g]ma91 ^: ea/ w9d[ is an     
agreeable example ( fifte5? c5tury      
canopy "w4   ,,caudebec-,,en-,,caux     

,our way f ,pont-,audem] lies = "s      
little di/ance ?r\gh ! l>ge ,=et de     
,brotonne1 "o ( ^? tidy symmetrical     
woods produc$ by ! excell5t sy/em (     
,fr5* =e/ry4 ,its excell5ce1 h[ev]1 is  
l>gely practical1 = all ! *>m ( ! =e/   
primeval is prun$ away4 ,on rea*+ !     
banks ( ! ,se9e we f9d ourselves 9 full 
view ( ! pretty t[n ( ,caudebec1 its    
graceful ca!dral spire beckon+ u across 
! wat]4 ,x is j at ?is po9t 9 ! riv] t  
!re occurs ! ,masc>et1 ! local "n giv5  
to a swift-ru%+ wave produc$ by !       
conflict betwe5 ! incom+ tide & ! outgo+
 curr5t ( ! riv]2 x takes place only at 
/at$ int]vals & is !n view$ by num]\s   
t\ri/s4 ,assum+ t we h arriv$ at a "t :5
 ! ,masc>et is n int]f]+ ) navigation1  
we emb>k ^u a flat1 op5 f]ry-boat & soon
 rea* ! bank on ! o!r side & are (f to !
 ca!dral4 ,few ,fr5* *ur*es h _! ,go?ic 
ar*itecture light5$ & beautifi$ by m    
inf9ite detail ( c>v+ ?an ?is at        
,caudebec1 :ile ov] all rises an airy   
spire encircl$ at ?ree diff]5t heights  

by a /one cr[n--a =m ( decoration v     
unusual & q lovely4 ,above ! we/ portal 
is a gall]y t attracts our notice       
because its op5-"w /one rail+ is compos$
 ( ,go?ic lett]s4 ,once inside ! *ur*1  
we realise t ! w9d[s are well wor? a    
visit1 p>ticul>ly to "o seek+ qua9t     
details 9 glass1 = !re are _m su* "h4   
,we h already ref]r$ 9 our introduction 
to ! fir/ w9d[ on ! "r1 ! ,israelites   
cross+ ! ,r$ ,sea4 ,9 ord] to r5d] !    
sc5e z descriptive & reali/ic z         
possible1 r$ glass is us$ to make ! sea1
 ?us remov+ any possible d\bt 9 !       
obs]v]'s m9d z to ! id5tity ( t body (  
wat]4 ,almo/ opposite 7! second on !    
left7 is a ,tree ( ,jesse1 ^u :i* !     
desc5dants appe> at full l5g? in/ead ( z
 ! usual bu/s4 ,mu* gold5 br[n is us$1 n
 only 9 ! intricate convolutions ( !    
v9e1 b also 9 ! co/umes & 9 ! /one      
t]race support+ ! pavilion bel[ :i*     
,jesse is seat$4 ,above ! small nor?    
portal is a pleas+ canopy w9d[ ( !      
fifte5? c5tury ^: unusual feature is t !

 bottom ( x is curv$ to fit ! ar*$ top (
 ! door4 ,because ( ?is unusual base1 ! 
cu/om>y p$e/als at ! foot c\ld n be us$1
 b ! irregul>ly %ap$ space is ta/efully 
fill$ ) decorations ( yell[ /a91 sur*>g$
 ) %ields ^: h]aldry cat*es ! eye ( !   
,am]ican travell]1 because !y be> />s on
 a blue field1 z well z r$ & :ite       
/ripes4 ,fifte5? c5tury canopies also   
fill ! fir/ w9d[ to ! ea/ ( ?is portal &
 ! ?ree to ! we/1 "o be+ dat$ #addb1 &  
all conta9+ f\r lancets4 ,a c\ple (     
w9d[s across ! *ur* are also ( ?is type1
 :ile ! :ole ( ! side-lights ( !        
cl]e/ory conta9 contempor>y             
light-admitt+ panels1 ^: col\r is       
re/rict$ to a few r\nd bosses be>+ gold5
 rays1 & to ! broad gold5 bord]s :i* "h 
are c>ri$ up into & almo/ fill ! trac]y 
panes above4 ,ano!r v unusual feature 7&
 "o :i* we h j notic$ at ,con*es7 is !  
pres5ce ( two pieces ( music writt5 out 
9 ! =m call$ full *ant & borne by       
angels4  ,if "o c sp>e ! "t1 ,villequi]1
 f\r kilometres d[n ! ,se9e1 %\ld be    

visit$4 ,! small *ur* !re has sev5      
excell5t sixte5? c5tury w9d[s1 "o ( :i*1
 t 9 ! c5tre on ! nor? side1 is really  
fam\s4 ,! l[] half ( its ?ree lancets   
ea* conta9s a figure on a :ite backgr\nd
 be>+ an et*$ damask$ patt]n1 bord]$    
ri*ly 9 gold4 ,across ! entire upp] half
 is spread out a spirit$ naval battle 9 
:i* f\r %ips are engag$4 ,! arm\r$      
knights are depict$ ) great vig\r1 :ile 
excell5t use is made ( ! arti/ic        
possibilities provid$ by ?ree great     
p5nants1 two ( r$ ) :ite crosses1 & "o (
 yell[ be>+ a black eagle4  ,! r\te f   
,caudebec to ,r\5 is *>m+1 ?anks to !   
ev]-*ang+ views provid$ by ! w9d+s ( !  
,se9e4 ,if we please1 we may /op on !   
way to view ! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,w&rille     
7rec5tly pur*as$ by ,maet]l9ck7 & also !
 l(tily impressive ru9s ( ! ,abbey (    
,jumieges4 ,jumieges1 9 ! mid/ ( its    
beautiful p>k1 is mo/ picturesquely     
situat$ )9 "o ( ^? v pron\nc$ loops s   
common 9 ! l[] ,se9e1 :i* seem to       
signify ! unwill+ness ( its wat]s to    

dep>t f ?is delightful corn] ( ,france4 
,,r\5  ,^u approa*+ ,r\5 "o is sure to  
be /ruck by ! insol5t d>+ ( its         
situation4 ,ly+ on a slop+ pla9 beside !
 riv]1 x seems to disda9 ! well-nigh    
impregnable site af=d$ by ! /eep cliffs 
:i* rise j to ! nor!a/4 ,! hi/ory ( !   
city be>s out ! audacity ( its location4
 ,?r\gh all ! c5turies its inhabitants  
conc]n$ !mselves s cont9u\sly 9 conqu]+ 
o!r peoples t little "t 0 left 9 :i* to 
consid] ! security ( _! own homes4 ,!   
,norman boa/$ t 8 /ronge/ def5ce 0 a    
vigor\s (f5ce1 & he made good 8 boa/4 ,!
 t[n ( ,william ! ,conqu]or seems always
 to h be5 imbu$ by ! _s :i* gave him 8  
"n1 & ! triumphs ( ! ,normans 9 ,engl&1 
& lat] 9 ,italy1 are b natural          
expressions ( t virility ( race :i*     
endures to ! pres5t day4 ,^u ! arms ( ! 
city !re appe>s a lamb ) "o ( its =efeet
 lift$4 ,^u ?is is bas$ ! old ,norman   
say+1 ,l'agneau de la ville a t\j\rs la 
patte levee1 a homely comm5t ^u !       
re/less _s ( its citiz5s & _!           

disposition to be always up & do+4      
,p]haps ! mo/ *>act]i/ic feature ( ,r\5 
:5 view$ f a di/ance is ! great numb] ( 
its spires t %oot up above ! h\se-tops1 
e>n+ = x ! sobriquet ( ! ,city (        
,*ur*es4 ,?is v attractive detail is all
 ! m /rik+ because s r>ely se5 9 ,fr5*  
t[ns1 & is p>ticul>ly rem9isc5t to "o   
fre%ly arriv$ f ,engl&1 a c\ntry ^: *ur*
 t[]s are su* a *>m+ feature ( !        
l&scape4 ,full ( significant hi/ory is  
?is ,r\5--a hi/ory br&$ = all "t by !   
c[>dly fire t end$ ! tortures ( ,joan ( 
,arc1 t /rangely pot5t & beautiful _s4  
,=tunately1 no trace rema9s ( t da/>dly 
de$4 ,turn+ to a less s9i/] page 9 !    
city's hi/ory1 we see on "o side ( !    
m>ket-place1 a small pagoda-l /ructure  
call$ ! old t[] ( ! ,fi]te4 ,"h1 on     
,asc5sion ,day 9 e ye>1 0 fre$ a prison]
 select$ by ! p1 & t ?is privilege 0    
jeal\sly reta9$ by !m is prov$ by !     
exi/5ce ( a complete li/ ( ! prison]s s 
fre$ f #abaj to #agij4 ,nor d ! records 
/op !re3 !y also n>rate _m a fi]ce      

enc\nt] result+ f ! det]m9ation ( !     
burgh]s to pres]ve ?is "r4 ,mo/ ( !     
qua9t features ( ! t[n h be5 mod]nis$   
away--s ?riv+ a comm]ce z "h fl\ri%es   
c\ld n long tol]ate ! old n>r[ crook$   
/reets4 ,:]e old features rema9 !y are s
 obvi\sly protect$ z to look almo/      
!atrical4 ,( ?is ! two be/ examples are 
! clockbe>+ ar*way ov] ! /reet :i* be>s 
its "n 7,grosse ,horloge71 & ! anci5t   
c>v$ wood h\sefront transport$ f its    
orig9al site1 affix$ to ano!r dwell+ &  
dubb$ ! ,h\se ( ,diane de ,poiti]s4     
,plac$ j at ! po9t :]e %ips com+ 9 f !  
sea mu/ transf] _! freight to ! small]  
vessels t g up ! ,se9e1 ,r\5 is s int5t 
^u h] comm]ce1 t all ! pr9cipal hotels  
are /rung along ! quays on ! riv]front1 
a v unusual arrangem5t 9 a ,fr5* t[n4   
,:5 we visit$ ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,ou5 to see  
its fifte5? c5tury glass1 we m5tion$ !  
e/eem 9 :i* ! ,r\5 glass-mak]s 7 held at
 t "t bo? at home & abroad4 ,f :at we   
are n[ ab\t to see we c judge =         
ourselves h[ mu* tru] x mu/ h be5 9 !   

sixte5? c5tury4 ,! numb] ( spl5didly    
glaz$ *ur*es :i* h be5 pres]v$ = our    
inspection almo/ consoles u = ! long li/
 ( o!rs swept away by ! ru?less v&alism 
( ! ,revolution1 &1 to a less ext5t1 by 
! peaceful h& ( "t or ! mail$ fi/ ( w>4 
,! pr9cipal ones we %\ld visit 7beside  
,/4 ,ou5 already describ$7 are ,/4      
,macl\1 ,/4 ,v9c5t1 ,/4 ,patrice1 ,/4   
,god>d1 ,/4 ,roma9 & ! ,ca!dral ( ,notre
 ,dame4 ,p]haps ! lea/ int]e/+ sixte5?  
c5tury glass is 9 t gem ( ,go?ic        
ar*itecture1 ,/4 ,macl\1 ^: florid      
facade has its biz>re *>m acc5tuat$ by !
 graceful b[+ outw>ds ( ! we/ front4 ,! 
glass t attracts u mo/ is 9 ! transept  
rose w9d[s1 ! lancets bel[ !m & 9 ! v   
brilliant we/]n rose4 ,all ^! roses are 
dw>f$ by ! excessive size ( ! p5d5t     
lancets3 x is all ! m un=tunate1 because
 consid]$ sep>ately ! roses z well z !  
lancets are excell5t4 ,! e>li] w9d[s 9 !
 *oir *apels h be5 describ$ 9 our =m]   
visit 7see page #add74 ,9 ! s\? transept
 a well-compos$ ,crucifixion sc5e is    

c>ri$ across all ! lancets4 ,! nor?     
transept conta9s a ,tree ( ,jesse on a  
blue backgr\nd1 & oddly en\gh1 ! tree   
has :ite bran*es4 ,9 leav+ ,/4 ,macl\1  
notice ! da9ty spiral /aircase t w9ds up
 at ! s\? side ( ! door2 x seems almo/  
too delicate to be made ( /one4  ,/4    
,v9c5t has its entire l[] "p light$ by  
l>ge embrasures completely glaz$ ) glass
 ( ?is p]iod1 produc+ a s+ul>ly         
brilliant & lum9\s effect all ab\t u4 ,!
 columns :i* sep>ate ! ambulatory f !   
*oir are s sl5d] t !y d n mat]ially     
int]f]e ) our view1 & ?us ! :ole int]ior
 is expos$ at once1 an enclosure (      
glori\s col\r4 ,9 fact1 x is n too mu*  
to say ( ?is *ur* &1 to a less ext5t1 ( 
! two :i* we %all next visit1 t !y are  
b[]s ( iridesc5t gl[+ light4 ,!re are   
two ,trees ( ,jesse at ,/4 ,v9c5t1 "o   
ov] ! nor? portal1 & ano!r at ! ea/ end 
( ! s\? aisle1 b inspection ( ! latt]   
reveals t ! g5ealogical tree rises n f  
,jesse b f ,/4 ,anne6 ,9 ! true ,jesse  
tree ov] ! nor!rn door ! bran*es are    

:ite1 a peculi>ity j notic$ at ,/4      
,macl\4  ,/4 ,patrice diff]s f ,/4      
,v9c5t 9 t1 in/ead ( seem+ to /& 9 !    
mid/ ( a circle ( lum9\s col\r1 our     
att5tion is r direct$ t[>ds ! spl5did   
b[-w9d[ at ! ea/ ) its ,crucifixion     
sc5e1 to :i* all ! re/ ( ! glass seems  
decor\sly subord9at$4 ,al?\gh glaz$ a   
little lat] ?an ,/4 ,v9c5t1 x yields !  
same spl5didly lum9\s effect1 ! natural 
result ( a s]ies ( panels all ( ?is     
p]iod4 ,! *ief boa/ ( ?is *ur* is !     
,triumph ( ! ,law ( ,grace by ,jean     
,c\s9 9 ! ,lady ,*apel4 ,nor is 8 ! only
 great "n t we %all f9d frequ5tly ^u !  
glass ( ,r\54 ,"o w9d[ mu* admir$ = its 
felicit\s comb9ation ( !oretically      
uncong5ial col\rs is t :i* sets =? !    
leg5d ( ,/4 ,hub]t4 ,its gre5s1 r$s1    
yell[s & blues mu/ be se5 be=e "o c     
believe t x is possible to agreeably    
unite !m4  ,our next *ur* is ,/4 ,god>d1
 ^: anci5t glories h be5 s re/or$ &     
replac$ by mod]n tra% t we f9d x h>d to 
believe t1 :5 x possess$ its orig9al    

glass1 no *ur* 9 all ,norm&y c\ld vie ) 
x4 ,to-day x is f> less attractive ?an  
,/4 ,v9c5t & ,/4 ,patrice1 ! latt] (    
:i*1 by ! way1 n[ conta9s sev]al ( !    
orig9al w9d[s ( ,/4 ,god>d4 ,! second 9 
! *apel nam$ aft] ,/4 ,roma91 depict+   
sc5es f 8 life1 is "o ( ! few 9 ! *ur*  
:i* is n ei!r re/or$ or r5ew$4 ,x is s  
good 9 e way t "o is surpris$ ! o!r     
w9d[s d n seem m out ( place by contra/4
 ,we sigh = ! days :5 !re 0 ju/ifi$ !   
phrase us$ by ! ,norman peasant 9       
describ+ good w9e1 ,z r$ z ! w9d[s ( ,/4
 ,god>d4  ,ne> ! railway /ation is ,/4  
,roma91 :i*1 ?\gh less anci5t ?an ^? :i*
 we h j visit$1 is ! =tunate possessor (
 glass br\ght f sev]al ( ! *ur*es swept 
away by ! ,revolution4 ,p>ticul>ly      
notice ! spirit$ sc5e ( ,/4 ,roma9 slay+
 ! ,g>g\ille1 ! fabl$ dragon ( e>ly     
,r\54 ,on ! left1 9 :at seems to be a   
transept1 is a pretty w9d[ at ! bottom (
 :i* appe> su* a s5sibly mode/ r[ (     
small kneel+ donors t we c\ld wi% t all 
sixte5? c5tury glazi]s might h se5 !m1 &

 _h be5 !reby re/ra9$ f _! cu/om>y      
exagg]ation 9 ?is p>ticul>4             
,un=tunately1 ! anci5t panels 7 n l>ge  
en\gh to fill ! embrasures "h provid$1 s
 ?is extra space 0 fill$ by wide bord]s 
( light mod]n glass4 ,! result is t ^!  
bord]s admit su* a flood ( light z to   
dr[n ! beauties ( ! old] panels4  ,n[ we
 h arriv$ at ! ,ca!dral4 ,be=e we ent]1 
let u fea/ our eyes ^u ! delicate ,go?ic
 detail :i* s(t5s & decorates its /urdy 
we/ front4 ,at ! s\?we/ corn] rises !   
,t\r du ,beurre1 built 7z 0 ! same nam$ 
t[] at ,b\rges7 f ! moneys receiv$ out (
 ! sale ( indulg5ces to eat butt] dur+  
,l5t4 ,! mod]n iron spire is s well     
design$ z to seem h>dly out ( place     
among its old] si/]s4 ,we %\ld ent] by !
 nor? portal4 ,j outside x is an        
enclosure =m]ly devot$ to exhibit+ !    
w>es ( booksell]s1 :i* is %ut (f f !    
/reet by a light ,go?ic scre54 ,view$   
?r\gh x ! wond]ful c>v+s on ! nor?      
portal become d\bly effective4 ,!       
int]ior ( ! ca!dral is z full ( int]e/ z

 ! be/ /yle ( ,go?ic c make x4 ,on ! "r 
is a v attractive zigzag /airway :i*    
leads up to ! libr>y4 ,9 ! ,lady ,*apel 
are two especially f9e tombs1 "o ( !    
,duc de ,breze1 husb& ( ! fam\s ,diane  
de ,poiti]s1 & ! o!r ( ,l\is ,,xii's    
great ,m9i/]1 ,c>d9al d',amboise4 ,!    
f\rte5? c5tury glass ( ?is *apel has    
already be5 describ$ 7see page #add74 ,!
 #acj w9d[s :i* light ! ca!dral's       
int]ior are mo/ly glaz$ 9 col\r1 b !y   
are ! product ( v>i\s c5turies & are (  
v>y+ excell5ce4 ,we f9d "h b eight      
?irte5? c5tury m$allion w9d[s1 b !y are 
delightful4 ,two ( !m are 9 ! nave1 !   
?ird & f\r? on ! left4 ,! o!rs are 9 !  
*oir ambulatory & are s plac$ z to be   
s+ul>ly effective4 ,if "o /&s 9 ei!r !  
nor? or ! s\? aisle ( ! nave & looks    
directly ea/1 ! only glass :i* meets 8  
eye is t ( w9d[s brilliant ) ^! e>ly    
m$allions1 f> (f at ! o!r end ( ! great 
ca!dral4 ,j at ?is "t ! we/]n rose w9d[ 
*iefly conc]ns u because x is ( !       
sixte5? c5tury4 ,its conc5tric circles (

 :ite angels1 r$ s]aphim1 gre5 palm     
bran*es1 etc41 provide a /rong contra/  
betwe5 ! r$s & yell[s 7fill+ ! c5tre    
?ird ( x7 & ! d>k gre5s & d>k blues ( ! 
out] two-?irds4 ,9 ! s\!a/]ly corn] ( ! 
s\? transept1 ! w9d[ on ! ea/1 z well z 
t on ! s\?1 are wor?y ( our att5tion4 ,!
 latt] is by ,jean ,c\s91 & its six     
panels %[ six virtues1 ea* entitl$ 9    
,lat94 ,^? ( u :o are subject to fits ( 
depression %\ld especially obs]ve       
,=titudo1 = !re ! bi%op has sla9 ! ,blue
 ,devil1 & is pursu+ its lilac & its    
gre5 bro!rs6  ,al?\gh ,/4 ,ou5 has      
already be5 visit$ = its magnific5tly   
complete f\rte5? c5tury glaz+ 7see page 
#add71 ! rose w9d[s ( its transepts are 
su* notewor?y examples ( ! ,r5aissance t
 we mu/ n omit a comm5t ^u !m at ?is    
po9t4 ,t 9 ! nor? transept has its      
div]g+ figures arrang$ l h]r+s 9 a      
b>rel1 b :ile ^? at ! sides & ar\nd !   
l[] "p are light 9 tone1 ^? 9 ! upp] "p 
are r$ s]aphim & blue *]ubim3 ?is is v  
unusual4 ,! s\? rose is peopl$ by a     

multitude ( small p]sonages1 ea* occupy+
 a pane by itself4 ,c>eful exam9ation   
reveals t we h "h a ,tree ( ,jesse4 ,he 
is 9 ! middle1 b x is only ) "s         
difficulty t we di/+ui% ! bran*es ( !   
v9e radiat+ f him4  ,be=e leav+ ,r\5 !  
travell] %\ld see ! int]e/+ c>v+s on !  
,h\se ( ,b\rge!r\lde1 depict+ ! ,field (
 ! ,clo? ( ,gold1 nor w he fail to      
admire ! magnific5t ap>tm5ts :i* ,norman
 love ( equity con/ruct$ = x 9 ! ,palais
 de ,ju/ice4  ,besides ! t[ns already   
visit$1 !re are ?ree o!rs ne> ,r\5 :i*  
conta9 int]e/+ glass1 ,gr&-,&ely1       
,elbeuf & ,pont de l',ar*e1 di/ant1     
respectively1 #cc1 #bj & #ah kilometres 
f ,r\54 ,!y are wor? a visit if "o c    
sp>e ! "t1 b we risk an anti-climax 9   
recomm5d+ our travell] to see !m aft] ! 
glories ( ! ,norman capital4 ,! ne>ness 
( ^! t[ns & also ( ,pont-,audem] 7#dh   
kilometres71 ,caudebec 7#ce kilometres71
 & ,con*es 7#ea kilometres71 sugge/s a  
way 9 :i* "o c *ange ! :ole it9]>y j    
outl9$4 ,?is c be done by us+ ,r\5 z a  

c5tre f :i* to run out & back1 & ?us    
visit all ?is gr\p ( six )\t cutt+      
oneself (f f "o's base4 ,to "o at all   
encumb]$ ) luggage1 ?is sugge/ion w     
probably appeal4   ,,gr&-,,&ely  ,( !   
trio j m5tion$1 ,gr&-,&ely is mu* ! mo/ 
int]e/+1 9 fact x des]ves great] r5[n = 
its glass ?an x at pres5t enjoys4       
,un=tunately only "o side ( ! *ur*      
reta9s its orig9al glaz+1 b we f9d ample
 comp5sation = ?is1 because ! entire    
s\!rn half is fill$ ) brilliant sixte5? 
c5tury subjects1 n only along ! *apels  
bel[1 b also 9 ! cl]e/ory4 ,aft] a      
delightful h\r sp5t "h "o readily cr$its
 ! tale t a y\? ( ! neighb\rhood1 by    
con/antly contemplat+ _! glories1 s     
develop$ 8 love ( col\r t he det]m9$ to 
devote 8 life to pa9t+4 ,?is y\? 0      
,nicolas ,p\ss94 ,! great wid? ( !      
embrasures1 z well z _! numb] 7six 9 !  
nave & f\r 9 ! *oir1 on ea* side1 bo?   
above & bel[71 provide ample scope = !  
display ( ! glazi]'s skill4 ,among s _m 
( su* excell5ce x is difficult to select

 :i* to praise ! mo/1 b ! ?ird on ! "r 9
 ! nave cl]e/ory 7dat$ #aefj71 because (
 ,abraham's gorge\s yell[ robe1 z well z
 ! blue canopy ) r$ drap]ies above ! ag$
 ,isaac1 w l+] longe/ 9 ! writ]'s       
memory4 ,ev5 :5 view$ on a dull1 grey   
day1 "o _c escape f ! impression t a    
bright sun is %9+ outside1 because ( !  
brilliancy ( ?is w9d['s hues4 ,x is "o (
 ! few examples ( ?is epo* to possess t 
peculi>ity1 :i*1 by ! way1 is s common  
among ! mosaic type ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 
,?is t5d5cy t[>ds ! ornate1 ev]y:]e     
app>5t ?r\gh\t ?is s]ies1 f9ds its      
ultimate expression 9 ! six? nave *apel 
on ! "r1 :]e ! /onework ( ! ,r5aissance 
canopies is heavily ov]laid ) gold5     
designs4 ,! *oir's f\r s\!rly cl]e/ory  
w9d[s ea* conta9s a l>ge figure "u a    
canopy ( ! "t1 ! treatm5t v>y+ 9 ea*    
case4 ,bel[1 9 ! s\? wall ( ! *oir1 !   
trac]y lights ( ! two ea/]nmo/ w9d[s are
 fill$ ) dim9utive angels1 elev5 pray+  
or play+ musical in/rum5ts 9 "o ( !m1 & 
9 ! o!r1 n9e1 ea* c>ry+ a symbol ( !    

,passion4 ,! way 9 :i* ea* angel is     
adju/$ to ! small pane x occupies is v  
graceful4  ,! apse end is squ>e1 9 !    
,engli% fa%ion4 ,its great ea/ w9d[     
conta9s good f\rte5? c5tury canopy "w1 9
 b&s across a grisaille field4 ,!       
subsequ5t addition ( a ,lady ,*apel to !
 ea/ has injur$ ! effect ( ?is glass1 n 
only by an entrance be+ cut ?r\gh x     
bel[1 b also because ! second ti] (     
canopies is entirely %ut (f f ! light by
 ! wall ( ?is lat] *apel built aga9/ x  
outside4 ,!re is ?us left only ! ?ird1  
or upp] ti]1 = our inspection4 ,if !    
nor!rn side ( ?is *ur* 7 z =tunate z !  
s\!rn 9 ! possession ( its orig9al      
glaz+1 ?is w\ld rank among ! be/ ,fr5*  
glass %r9es1 :i* is high praise4        
,,elbeuf  ,elbeuf has two *ur*es wor?y (
 our att5tion1 ,/4 ,eti5ne & ,/4 ,jean1 
b ! =m] is v mu* ! bett]4 ,9 ,/4 ,jean !
 fir/ f\r w9d[s on ! "r1 ?ree ( ^?      
opposite !m1 & ! fir/ on ea* side 9 !   
,lady ,*apel are all ( ! sixte5? c5tury4
 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 s mu* re/oration z to  

greatly dim9i% our int]e/1 except 9 !   
,lady ,*apel4 ,!re ! "o to ! "r displays
 sc5es f ! life ( ! ,virg91 ) a label   
bel[ ea*4 ,! l[] "r-h& panel1 9 :i*     
appe> ,joseph & ,m>y1 c>ries realism to 
an extraord9>y po9t1 :ile its label     
prev5ts any misund]/&+ ( its mean+4     
,h[ev] unsatisfactory ,/4 ,jean may     
prove1 we %all be consol$ :5 we ent] ,/4
 ,eti5ne4 ,!re ! :ole effect leads up to
 & culm9ates 9 ! spl5did bay t1 ) its   
?ree l(ty w9d[s1 ea* conta9+ ?ree       
lancets 9 d\ble ti]s1 =ms ! ea/]n end ( 
! *oir4 ,!re are no transepts1 ! nave   
jo9+ directly on to ! *oir4 ,al?\gh !   
nave glass is all mod]n1 x does n       
affront ! glories ( its old] neighb\rs 9
 ! *oir1 :i* is1 un=tunately1 s (t5 !   
case else:]e4 ,"o is tempt$ to conf9e   
"o's comm5ts to ! spl5did ea/]ly scre5 (
 col\r1 b t w\ld be discrim9at+ unju/ly4
 ,! fam\s leg5d ( ,/4 ,hub]t1 dat$ #aejj
 7! second f ! ea/ 9 ! s\!rly *oir      
aisle71 has be5 too mu* re/or$1 b ?is is
 ! only "o t c be ?us reproa*$4 ,9 ! ea/

 end ( ?is aisle we f9d at ! bottom ( a 
w9d[ two panels ) tape/ry-mak]s at "w1  
%[+ t x 0 ! gift ( t guild4 ,across1 9 !
 nor? aisle1 ! ea/]nmo/ w9d[ 9 ! nor?   
wall is a ,tree ( ,jesse1 dat$ #aebc4   
,jesse is seat$ b5ea? a pavilion2 f !   
t5t pole spr\ts a v9e1 out ( ^: blossoms
 arise ! usual half-l5g? figures4 ,9 !  
topmo/ pane ( ! trac]ies1 ! ,virg9 is   
se5 em]g+ f a great lily4   ,,pont ,,de 
,l',,ar*e  ,pont de l',ar*e1 approa*$ f 
,r\51 is mo/ picturesque4 ,x lies       
snuggl$ d[n by ! riv]1 its bridge flung 
invit+ly t[>ds y across ! ,se9e1 :ile   
beh9d x ! =e/ comes d[n ! /eep slope    
almo/ to ! t[n4 ,! *ur*1 p]*$ high ^u a 
corn] ( ! old =tifications1 seems to be 
keep+ wat* ov] ! homes ( its p>i%ion]s4 
,its elaborately c>v$ ext]ior gives rise
 to expectations t are n realis$1 = )9  
we f9d b little glass to arre/ our      
att5tion1 al?\gh :at !re is dates f !   
sixte5? c5tury4 ,at ! ea/]n end ( ! nor?
 wall !re is a ,tree ( ,jesse1 b x is   
clumsily imag9$ & co>sely drawn4 ,!     

fl[]s ^u ! v9e are too l>ge1 & f !m     
protrude great half-l5g? figures1 s mu* 
out ( balance ) ! re/ ( ! design z to   
r5d] ! ensemble lumb]+ & ungraceful4 ,! 
reason = our visit is provid$ by !      
second w9d[ ea/ f ! s\? portal4 ,! upp] 
"p %[s ,*ri/ walk+ on ! sea4 ,bel[1     
rea*+ across ! entire w9d[1 is a sc5e   
full ( ! livelie/ local int]e/4 ,a boat 
is be+ drawn "u an ar* ( ! bridge ov] ! 
,se9e1 & pull+ ^u ! two long t[-ropes   
are gr\ps ( ! t[nspeople1 fifte5 ( !m & 
two teams ( horses tugg+ at "o rope1 &  
eighte5 & "o team at ! o!r4 ,^! gr\ps   
are c>efully pa9t$ 9 enamel4 ,a second  
vessel is be+ simil>ly assi/$ "u ano!r  
ar* ( ! bridge1 ! t[-rope 9 ?is in/ance 
be+ made fa/ to a r[boat4 ,! details ( !
 bridge1 ( ! =tifi$ isl& 9 ! "r =egr\nd1
 & ( ! enamell$ figures ( ! citiz5s1 are
 all mo/ engag+4 ,9 ! matt] ( correct   
p]spective1 ! arti/ relies heavily ^u ! 
indulg5ce ( ! spectator1 b o!rwise !    
panel is agreeable1 full ( qua9t int]e/1
 & absolutely unique4   ,,montmor5cy    

,,glass  ,! t\r :i* we n[ propose w     
prove p>ticul>ly attractive to !        
automobili/ or bicycli/1 al?\gh we d n  
by t /atem5t desire to disc\rage !      
travell] by tra94 ,he w f9d ! same glass
 & ! same t[ns1 b he w miss !           
opportunity to enjoy1 en r\te1 ! =e/s ( 
,montmor5cy & ,*antilly :i* dur+ ! summ]
 are s allur+4 ,dur+ ! fir/ "p ( !      
j\rney we w see glass design$ = mod]ate 
siz$ int]iors &1 !re=e1 adapt$ = close  
inspection4 ,on ^! w9d[s w be f\nd _m   
c>eful portraits ( ! donors1 "s ( :i* 9 
_! p]fection ( treatm5t h nev] be5      
surpass$4 ,x w\ld be un=tunate if ?is   
it9]>y = any reason %\ld be omitt$1     
because )\t x our /udy ( sixte5? c5tury 
glass w\ld n be compreh5sively complete4
 ,we leave ,p>is by ! road go+ nor?     
?r\gh ,/4 ,d5is3 our pilgrim w h>dly1 ^u
 ?is occasion1 /op to visit ! ,abbey    
,*ur*1 because ne>ly all ( its glass is 
mod]n & gl>+ly poor4 ,:at !re is ( old  
glass is twelf? c5tury & ei!r fragm5t>y 
or mu* re/or$ & repair$4 ,! celebrat$   

w9d[ %[+ ! dev\t figure ( its donor1    
,abbot ,sug]1 excites our rev]5ce1 h>dly
 our admiration4 ,its *ief int]e/ lies 9
 ! fact t !re has come d[n to u ! good  
abbot's own acc\nt ( ?is among o!r w9d[s
 :i* he pres5t$4 ,! tombs ( ! ,fr5* k+s 
are1 ( c\rse1 mo/ impressive1 & provide 
"o ( ! great sights ( ,france to "o     
int]e/$ h[ev] slightly 9 its hi/ory1 b  
to-day we are 9 pursuit ( /a9$ glass1 s 
! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,d5is mu/ wait until     
ano!r occasion4 ,! road /raight on to ! 
nor? leads to ,ec\51 b t visit mu/ be   
def]r$ a little1 s j outside ( ,/4 ,d5is
 we turn %>ply to ! left & aft] eight   
kilometres arrive at ,montmor5cy1       
delightfully p]*$ ^u a hill ) or*>ds on 
e side4 ,f ! little plat=m j outside !  
we/ front we get a f9e view ( ! =e/ ( ! 
same "n :i*1 =tunately = ,am]ican eyes1 
has n be5 s prun$ z to no long] resemble
 a =e/4 ,f ,montmor5cy we take ! "r h&  
to ,ec\5 !re to rejo9 ! /raight road    
runn+ nor? out ( ,/4 ,d5is4 ,we foll[   
?is road to ,*antilly1 :]e ! ,montmor5cy

 glass ends1 !n turn nor?we/ to         
,beauvais1 & aft] enjoy+ its spl5did    
ca!dral1 return to ,p>is4 ,at ?is po9t  
let u rem>k t al?\gh automobiles & tra9s
 und\bt$ly add to ! com=t ( ! travell]1 
x w\ld be bett] = u on ?is p>ticul> trip
 if we c\ld sub/itute = !m a m$iaeval   
belief 9 magic4 ,!n our fir/ move w\ld  
c]ta9ly be to seize a fairy w& & summon 
z our guide t glori\s w>rior1 c\rti] &  
patron ( ! arts1 ! great con/able1 ,anne
 de ,montmor5cy4 ,no?+ c\ld be m        
incongru\s ?an ! selection = him ( a    
woman's "n1 ev5 ?\gh borr[$ f ! ,que5 ( 
,l\is ,,xii4 ,! reason = summon+ him is 
mo/ obvi\s3 x 0 he :o built ! ca/les (  
,ec\5 & ,*antilly1 :ile ! *ur* at       
,montmor5cy1 ?\gh f\nd$ by 8 fa!r1      
,william1 0 complet$ by ! son4 ,:o1 !n1 
c\ld bett] tell u _! /ories or m        
delightfully revive by famili> anecdote 
! orig9als ( _! glass portraits8 ,ev5   
aft] our conjur+ _h secur$ = u 8        
company1 we might f9d ourselves 9       
tr\ble1 unless we 7 will+ to disc>d our 

automobile or tra9 = a /\t horse4 ,!    
arts by :i* we secur$ 8 pres5ce 9 ! fle%
 might seem to him q natural1 = magic 0 
mu* m respect$ 9 8 "t ?an 9 ^! m        
practical days1 b x is greatly to be    
fe>$ t ! puff+ eng9e w\ld ov]come t /]n 
c\rage1 te/$ 9 _m a /rick5 field1 & t x 
w\ld take ! utmo/ vigilance on our "p to
 prev5t him f bolt+ back into ! sixte5? 
c5tury4 ,aft] accompany+ him to         
,montmor5cy & ,ec\51 & aft] w&]+ toge!r 
?r\gh ! =e/1 p>k & *ateau ( ,*antilly1  
we %all bid him f>ewell1 b we mu/ n be  
surpris$ if he /\tly objects to our     
turn+ (f t[>ds ,beauvais1 dem&+ t1 hav+ 
recall$ him f ! _s _w1 we he> 8 /ory    
out1 & to t end pu% on to ,/4 ,qu5t94 ,!
 lu/y old w>rior w\ld be q "r1 = !      
*ronicle ( 8 c>e] w\ld be incomplete if 
x omitt$ ! delay+ & glori\s defeat he   
!re receiv$ :ile comm&+ ! ,fr5* =ces1   
!reby provid+ "t = ,h5ry ,,ii to rally !
 rema9+ /r5g? ( ,france & save ,p>is f !
 victori\s ,philip ,,ii ( ,spa94 ,!     
result ( t battle prov$ highly          

satisfactory to bo? victor & vanqui%$1 =
 :ile its delay sav$ ,p>is1 on ! o!r h& 
,philip's victory s elat$ him t 9 memory
 !re( he erect$ ! fam\s palace ( !      
,escorial ne> ,madrid4 ,?\gh mo/ ( u w  
conclude to refuse ! ,con/able's reque/1
 "s few ( our company may des]t u &     
foll[ him to ,/4 ,qu5t94 ,once !re1 !y  
mu/ n fail to view ! two spl5did sixte5?
 c5tury w9d[s 9 ! second nor!rn transept
 ( ! *ur* already visit$ on our ?irte5? 
c5tury t\r4 ,!y are ea* two & a half    
metres wide by n9e & a qu>t] high4 ,"o  
is d$icat$ to ,/e4 ,b>be & is dat$      
#aecc1 & ! o!r1 dat$ #aeda1 to ,/e4     
,ca!r9e1 ea* display+ elaborately       
gruesome episodes depict+ ! m>tyrdom ( !
 h]o9e4 ,! latt] "o %[s ,god ! ,fa!r at 
! top receiv+ ! sa9t1 :o is borne upw>d 
by fly+ angels4 ,9 ! l[e/ panel we rem>k
 ,ca!r9e's headless body sitt+ bolt     
upright1 :ile ne>by on ! floor lies h]  
sev]$ head int5tly reg>d+ x 7see page   
#ajg74   ,,montmor5cy  ,up a /eep road t
 has m turns & bran*es ?an a grape-v9e1 

& sudd5ly we come out on a little plat=m
 be=e ! we/ front ( ! dim9utive *ur* (  
,/4 ,m>t94 ,(f to ! we/ & ar\nd on ea*  
side !re unfolds a panorama ( smil+     
valleys & gre5 hillocks 9 mo/ entic+    
succession4  ,z "o ent]s ! we/]n portal1
 he fir/ obs]ves t ! ?ree we/]ly w9d[s  
on ea* side are mod]n1 & ( ^! !re c be  
no high] praise ?an t !y h>monise       
admirably ) _! f\rte5 anci5t neighb\rs  
to ! ea/ ( !m4 ,^! f\rte5 are *iefly    
int]e/+ because ( ! delicacy ( _!       
composition1 :i* is really delici\s4    
,illu/ration3 ,,con/able ,,(            
,,montmor5cy ,,& ,,8 ,,five ,,sons1     
,,montmor5cy   ,,*ur* 7#af,,? ,,c5tury74
      ,"h ! donors are frankly !        
important feature4 ,s pr\d      7 !     
,con/able & 8 wife 7,madele9e de        
,savoie7 ( _!      five sons & sev5     
daught]s t we f9d f\r pairs ( w9d[s     
portray+ !m4  ,p]haps ! *ief int]e/ "h  
is ! gall]y ( family portraits af=d$ by 
! donor's figures ^u ! panes4 ,among !  
_m admirably drawn faces ( di/+ui%$     

scions ( ! ,h\se ( ,montmor5cy1 ! be/ is
 t ( ! f\nd] ( ?is *ur*1 ,william1 !    
fa!r ( our fri5d ! great ,con/able1 :i* 
is beh9d ! alt>1 to ! left4 ,x is       
evid5tly ! "w ( a great arti/4 ,! f\r?  
on ! "r & ! f\r? on ! left 7&1 !re=e1   
opposite ea* o!r7 are two w9d[s conta9+ 
"o1 ,anne de ,montmor5cy1 & ! o!r1 8    
wife1 ,madele9e de ,savoie1 ea* att5d$  
by _! *ildr54 ,^! two 7 made ab\t #aefc1
 :ile ^? to ! ea/ ( !m range f #aebc to 
#aecc4 ,! ,con/able is support$ by 8    
five sons & 8 wife by h] sev5 daught]s4 
,%e is look+ t[>d ! alt>1 b he is look+ 
across at h]4 ,ea* ( ^! dome/ic gr\ps   
occupies ne>ly half ( ! entire          
embrasures1 b x does s 9 su* a frank    
mann] z to entirely avoid ! appe>ance ( 
intrusion1 s g5]ally ! result (         
portraits l ^!4 ,z we walk ar\nd ! *ur* 
we are amaz$ t s fragile a m$ium z glass
 %\ld h pres]v$ ?r\gh all ! c5turies ^! 
portraits 9 m p]fect condition ?an _m   
:i* 7 consign$ to canvas or m>ble4 ,9   
fact1 "o wond]s :y ?is 0 n m (t5 done1 &

 at ! same "t wi%es x _h be5 effect$ z  
frankly z 9 ^! two j describ$1 & n by ! 
intrusion ( donors ^u a w9d[ devot$ to  
ano!r subject4 ,x is impossible to      
repress a smile ^u notic+ t !           
,crucifixion sc5e :i* be>s ! portrait ( 
its donor1 ,guy de ,laval1 %[s him      
kneel+ 9 ! c5tral panel1 :ile ! crucifix
 is 9 a side "o6 ,le/ ^! comm5ts may h  
seem$ sev]ely int5d$1 let u po9t out a  
few ( ! _m lovely features4 ,= in/ance1 
! second w9d[ f ! ea/ 9 ! nor? wall has 
9 its c5tral panel ! ,virg9 hold+ !     
,infant ,jesus1 :o rea*es out ,8 baby h&
 to receive a dove4 ,! gre5sw>d bel[ is 
pick$ out ) bright fl[]s & peopl$ by    
small animals1 q z "o sees !m on ! e>ly 
tape/ries4 ,no?+ c\ld be m *>m+4 ,!     
trac]y lights are excell5tly treat$     
?r\gh\t1 sometimes 9 a mo/ unusual      
mann]4 ,above ! w9d[ j describ$1 we f9d 
on a lilac field ?irte5 gold5 co9s1 ea* 
be>+ a diff]5t head4 ,?is comm5t ^u !   
high] panes leads u to speak ( a mo/    
delicate gr\p ( f\r panels p]*$ up above

 ! nor? portal4 ,across !m ext5ds :at   
appe>s to be a long cloi/] hav+ a ri*   
damask$ curta9 fa/5$ %\ld]-high f column
 to column1 above :i* is af=d$ a di/ant 
prospect ( g>d5s1 etc41 :ile 9 ea* ( !  
panels !re /&s a female sa9t4 ,b little 
height is ne$$ = ?is picture1 s !       
trac]ies above come d[n l[1 & are fill$ 
by a ?rong ( blue eaglets on a gold5    
gr\nd1 ! h]aldic insignia ( !           
,montmor5cys4 ,be=e ! ,battle ( ,b\v9es 
! %ield ( ?is h\se bore b f\r eaglets1 b
 on t day ,ma?ieu de ,montmor5cy captur$
 twelve ( ! enemy's /&>ds ) 8 own h&4 ,9
 recognition ( ^! de$s ( pr[ess ,k+     
,philip ,augu/us add$ twelve m eaglets  
to 8 arms1 "o = ea* captur$ /&>d1 ?us   
rais+ ! total to sixte54 ,^! arms we    
%all see (t5 repeat$ 9 ! w9d[s at       
,montmor5cy1 ,ec\5 & ,*antilly4 ,a visit
 to ?is little *ur* is a delightful     
exp]i5ce & fills u ) eag] expectation ( 
:at its f\nd]'s son1 ! great ,con/able1 
c %[ u 9 8 two ca/les ( ,ec\5 &         
,*antilly4 ,we are tempt$ to /ray (f    

into ! *>m+ =e/ :i* /ret*es away m ?an  
five miles to ! nor?we/ & to revel 9 !  
natural beauty ( its *e/nut trees1 b !  
,con/able awaits u1 s (f we mu/ be to   
,ec\54   ,,ec\5  ,ec\5 is g5]ally visit$
 because ( its f9e *ateau1 built on !   
cre/ ( a hill & entirely surr\nd$ by a  
delightful wood except on ! side :]e f a
 fl[]$ t]race !re is disclos$ a f>-rea*+
 view out ov] a smil+ c\ntry4 ,b x is n 
! *ateau :i* lures u hi!r1 b ! p>i% *ur*
 d[n 9 ! t[n t ne/les at ! foot ( !     
ca/le walls4 ,! *ateau has lo/ its old  
glass1 ! two panels f its *apel %[+ !   
*ildr5 ( ,anne de ,montmor5cy be+ n[ 9 !
 *apel at ,*antilly1 :i* place also     
rejoices 9 ! possession ( ! fam\s s]ies 
( =ty-f\r sc5es f ! adv5tures ( ,cupid &
 ,psy*e1 :i* orig9ally decorat$ ! n[    
de/roy$ ,salle des ,g>des at ,ec\54 ,=  
u1 !re=e1 ! *ateau has lo/ mo/ ( its    
*>m2 if y wi% to inspect x y mu/ obta9 a
 c>te d'entree f ! ,*ancell]ie de la    
,legion d',honneur 9 ,p>is1 = x is n[ a 
s*ool = daught]s ( memb]s ( t ord]1 & is

 n op5 to ! public4 ,= ^? ( u :o h come 
"h to see ! p>i% *ur* !re w be no bo!r  
ab\t p]mits1 = none is ne$$4 ,?is *ur* n
 only conta9s excell5t ,r5aissance      
w9d[s1 b ^u !m we %all f9d a f9e array (
 ,montmor5cy portraits z well4 ,! upp]  
panels ( ! l(ty lancets t flank ! high  
alt> are fill$ ) scriptural sc5es1 b    
bel[ !y conta91 t to ! left1 ,anne de   
,montmor5cy ) 8 five sons1 & t to ! "r1 
8 wife att5d$ by five daught]s4 ,al?\gh 
we h "h ! same family portraits z ^? se5
 9 ,montmor5cy ,*ur*1 ?is pair is mu*   
old] 7#aedd-e71 & n only %[s ! *ildr5 z 
mu* y\ng] ?an at ,montmor5cy 7#aefc71 b 
also has b five daught]s in/ead ( ! sev5
 se5 on ! lat] glass4 ,nor are ^! ! only
 simil> pairs ( ^! w9d[s4 ,! ,con/able 0
 s pr\d ( 8 *ildr5 & ( _! numb] t he    
seem$ to nev] tire ( hav+ !m portray$ on
 glass4 ,we h j ref]r$ to a ?ird pair   
7dat$ #aedd7 made = ! *apel ( ,ec\5     
*ateau1 b n[ at ,*antilly1 & !re is /ill
 a f\r? pair 9 ! ne>by *ur* (           
,mesnil-,aubry :i* are ! late/ ( all1 = 

! ,con/able is !re %[n ) a sn[-:ite     
be>d4 ,at ,ec\5 we obs]ve t ! p>5ts     
occupy ea* a sep>ate panel f ! *ildr51 b
 at ,*antilly ! p>5t panels are bo?     
miss+4 ,! rema9+ ?ree w9d[s on ! s\?    
side ( ! *oir be> z donors /ill o!r     
,montmor5cys1 b ! "w is lat] & n ne>ly s
 good4 ,! high alt> conceal$ ! l[] half 
( ! c5tral ea/]n w9d[s1 s !y did ! next 
mo/ s5sible ?+ to l[]+ ! alt> back--!y  
transf]r$ to a little nor!rn *apel !    
panels x obscur$4 ,! :ole nor!rly side (
 ! *oir op5s out into a *apel ^: nor!rn 
& ea/]n ends are light$ by ?ree l>ge    
embrasures fill$ ) excell5t ,r5aissance 
glaz+1 depict+ sc5es f ! life ( !       
,virg94 ,especially f9e is ! second f ! 
ea/1 %[+ 9 ! l[] half1 ! dea? ( !       
,virg91 :ile above are cl\ds peopl$ )   
angels1 all lead+ up to ! ,fa!r 9 ! top 
pane ( ! trac]y4 ,! trac]ies ( ! ?ree   
ea/]nmo/ *oir embrasures are fill$ )    
blue eaglets on a gold5 gr\nd1 !        
insignia ( ! ,montmor5cys4 ,?is same    
treatm5t ( ! trac]ies may also be rem>k$

 9 ! *apel ( ! *ateau2 9 fact1 !y are   
all t rema9s !re ( ! orig9al glaz+4 ,we 
h already admir$ ?is same =m (          
decoration ov] ! nor? portal at !       
,montmor5cy ,*ur*4  ,x seems a pity t ! 
,ec\5 glass n[ at ,*antilly c\ld n be   
re/or$ to ! embrasures = :i* x 0 made2 x
 obvi\sly does n belong :]e x is n[     
f\nd1 &1 besides1 x loses !re ! hi/oric 
significance :i* x w\ld enjoy 9 its old 
home at ! *ateau ( ,ec\54   ,,*antilly  
,at "o "t or ano!r dur+ our glass       
pilgrimages we h happ5$ ^u examples (   
o!r m$iaeval arts & crafts :i* all      
comb9e to make ,france s absorb+ly      
int]e/+4 ,x has be5 res]v$ = our visit  
to ,*antilly to %[ u "o ( ! =mal g>d5s (
 ,old ,france 9 :i* nature has be5 made 
to yield to ! :im & fancy ( ! l&scape   
arti/4 ,mo/ travell]s h se5 ! fam\s     
g>d5s ( ,v]sailles & h he>d t !y 7      
design$ & arrang$ by ,le ,notre1 b ^? at
 ,*antilly 7 design$ by ?is same ma/]   
be=e he 0 call$ by ! ,k+ to d 8 greate/ 
"w at ,v]sailles4 ,!re are _m :o pref] 8

 e>li] ef=t1 & we mu/ be grateful to our
 glass = hav+ br\ght u to ?is delightful
 spot4 ,! =e/ ( ,*antilly1 :i* cov]s ov]
 six ?\s& acres1 =ms an excell5t foil = 
! =mal /atel9ess ( ! g>d5s4 ,"o is n    
all[$ to visit ! *ateau except on       
,?ursdays & ,sundays & n !n if x happ5s 
to be a day :5 !re is rac+ at !         
,*antilly track4 ,?is regulation is to  
prev5t race cr[ds f ov]runn+ ! *ateau & 
gr\nds4 ,! beautiful build+ ) its       
priceless collections 0 ! private       
prop]ty ( ! ,duc d',aumale & 0 by him   
pres5t$ to ! ,in/itut de ,france4 ,9 a  
long l[ gall]y especially con/ruct$ =   
!m1 & :i* receives all its light ?r\gh  
!m1 is a mu* travell$ & widely discuss$ 
s]ies ( =ty-f\r panels n>rat+ episodes f
 ! adv5tures ( ,cupid & ,psy*e4 ,!y are 
( ! yell[ /a9 & grey type :i* we h      
notic$ at ,troyes & ,*alons1 b "h !     
workman%ip is f> sup]ior4 ,note t ! grey
 is 9 places almo/ br[n1 & t ! yell[ is 
us$ b sp>+ly4 ,! high /ate ( p]fection  
to :i* ! design & draw+ are c>ri$1      

comb9$ ) ! fact t _! subjects are       
non-religi\s1 make !m delightfully      
unique4 ,x is easy to obs]ve ! /rong    
influ5ce ( ,italian art1 n only 9 _!    
g5]al /yle b also 9 ! v lib]al borr[+ ( 
designs f well-kn[n ,italian pa9t+s4    
,until rec5tly !y 7 attribut$ to t      
v]satile ma/] ( _m arts1 ,b]n>d         
,palissy1 b t has be5 def9itely         
disprov$4 ,!y are n[ g5]ally ackn[l$g$  
to be ! "w ( ,cocxy51 a ,flemi% /ud5t ( 
,van ,orley 7:o made ! w9d[s ( ,/e4     
,gudule 9 ,brussels71 & ! ,italian      
influ5ce is expla9$ by ! fact t he /udi$
 9 ,rome4 ,^! panels are dat$ #aedb-d & 
7 orig9ally made = ! w9d[s ( ! ,salle   
des ,g>des at ! ,*ateau ( ,ec\5 ^u !    
ord] ( ,con/able ,anne de ,montmor5cy4  
,! ,revolution dislodg$ !m & !y f\nd _! 
way into a museum arrang$ by ,l5oir4    
,?is collection 0 disp]s$ 9 #ahah4 ,x is
 n>rat$ t ! ,pr9ce de ,conde1 :5 visit+ 
! museum1 admir$ ?is set ( glass4 ,he>+ 
someone rem>k t !y _h =m]ly adorn$ a    
ca/le belong+ to 8 family 7mean+ ,ec\571

 he _h !m bundl$ up & pack$ (f to 8     
*ateau at ,*antilly1 :]e !y h s9ce      
rema9$4 ,?is picturesque tale s]ves to  
%[ t /a9$ glass panels 7 n !n reg>d$ z  
necess>ily /ation>y4 ,we h se5 sev]al   
o!r in/ances ( ?is lack ( respect = _!  
/\t iron b>s4 ,!y 7 beautiful &         
valuable1 & !re=e1 :5 ! occasion arose1 
!y 7 remov$6 ,excell5t z is ! "w ^u ^!  
panels & graceful z are ! figures1 we _c
 b notice t our art is tak+ rapid /rides
 t[>ds its decad5ce4 ,!y are no long]   
w9d[s :]e ! full value ( col\r & lead+  
are appreciat$ & us$4 ,9 ?is set !y are 
c>eful col\rless pa9t+s on glass 9 :i* !
 arti/ic value ( ! leads is s disreg>d$ 
t !y no long] provide or ev5 assi/ !    
draw+--!y only m> x z !y run across !   
panes :]ev] _! support+ /r5g? is        
necess>y4 ,we h arriv$ at a "t :5 !     
w9d[s are becom+ pa9t$ pictures done 9 !
 mann] ( pa9t+s on canvas4 ,! arti/ no  
long] rememb]s t /a9$ glass is a sep>ate
 art & t he has c]ta9 advantages 9      
te*nique ov] ! oil pa9t]1 j z ! latt]   

has ov] him4  ,! small ante-*apel has on
 ea* side a tall w9d[4 ,9 ! middle ( ea*
 is set a l>ge panel ( sixte5? c5tury   
glass1 ! "o on ! "r %[+ five ,montmor5cy
 daught]s kneel+ 9 a r[1 att5d$ by ,/e4 
,aga!1 & ! "o on ! left _! five bro!rs1 
also kneel+1 & simil>ly att5d$ by ,/4   
,john4 ,! rema9d] ( ! embrasure is1 9   
ea* case1 fill$ ) mod]n glass done 9 !  
,r5aissance mann] & int5d$ to h>monise )
 ! old] panel 9 its mid/4 ,! arti/      
devot$ m c>e to ! faces ( ! boys ?an to 
^? ( _! si/]s1 = al?\gh ! latt] are     
monoton\sly alike 9 draw+ & po/ure1 !   
=m] diff] m>k$ly4 ,! face ( ! smalle/   
boy is mo/ div]t+4 ,8 h&s are clasp$ 9  
pray]1 b unlike 8 m dev\t bro!rs &      
si/]s1 8 eyes are n turn$ t[>d ! alt>1 b
 he is gaz+ out into ! *apel ) *ildi%   
curiosity4 ,9 ^! two panels ! leads are 
n s cumbr\sly intrusive1 b !re is a     
lesson :i* e glass arti/ %\ld le>n f an 
inspection ( ! c>efully pa9t$ w9d[s at  
,ec\51 ,montmor5cy & ,*antilly4 ,he _c  
fail to notice h[ ! misuse ( ! leads has

 be5 acc5tuat$ by ! c>eful pa9t+1 & he  
%\ld c>ry away ) him a firm conviction t
 ! m delicate ! design ! less x c af=d  
to qu>rel ) ! lead+4   ,,beauvais  ,!   
av]age t\ri/ looks =w>ds ) ke5 int]e/ to
 8 fir/ visit to ,beauvais4 ,he has1 (  
c\rse1 he>d ( ! anci5t glories ( its    
tape/ry1 :i* indu/ry is /ill kept up by 
! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t4 ,he has also read t !
 p]fect ,fr5* ca!dral w\ld be compos$ ( 
! *oir ( ,beauvais1 ! nave ( ,ami5s1 !  
we/ front ( ,rheims & ! t[]s ( ,*>tres3 
s ( ! *oir ( ,beauvais he expects great 
?+s4 ,nor w he be disappo9t$1 especially
 if he fir/ views x f ! ,ami5s road4    
,?is approa* reveals ! t[n to him 9 !   
mo/ picturesque way imag9able4 ,on rea*+
 ! br[ ( a %ort hill he becomes sudd5ly 
aw>e ( ,beauvais1 ly+ bel[ him 9 !      
valley beside a lazy riv]4 ,"o c\ld m   
prop]ly say t he fir/ saw n ! t[n1 b !  
amaz+ uplift ( ! ca!dral1 & next ! t[n  
ab\t x4 ,! great height ( ?is edifice is
 acc5tuat$ by ! fact t only ! *oir & !  
transepts are n[ /&+4 ,long ago ! nave  

succumb$ to ! great /ra9 :i* its        
unnatural height put ^u ! mat]ials ( :i*
 x 0 con/ruct$1 & collaps$4 ,!          
ar*itect's vault+ ambition o'erleapt    
itself4 ,9 fact x is only by means (    
con/ant %or+ & repair+ t ?is *oir1 !    
l(tie/ 9 ,france1 is pres]v$ 9 a safe & 
solid condition4 ,:5 ! pilgrim desc5ds  
into ! t[n he comes ^u _m int]e/+       
timb]-fram$ h\ses1 "s ( !m ) second     
/ories project+ ov] ! arcad$ footway    
bel[ & exhibit+ qua9tly attractive c>v+s
 on _! heavy beams4 ,we f9d an          
intellig5t attempt to pres]ve ! be/     
traditions ( ! old] ,beauvais tape/ry 9 
! mod]n factory4 ,j z =m]ly1 x be>s     
floral designs & v r>ely p]sonages1 be+ 
( ! sort call$ basse lice1 & wov5 on a  
horizontal frame1 !reby diff]+ f ! haute
 lice ( ! ,gobel9s factory1 :]e ! frames
 are p]p5dicul>4 ,n only 9 ! ,ca!dral1 b
 also 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,eti5ne1 d we f9d  
excell5t glass ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,!   
latt]'s f9e ,go?ic *oir1 adorn$ )       
graceful fly+ buttresses1 provides a    

/rong contra/ to its /urdi] ,romanesque 
nave4 ,! glass is only to be f\nd ar\nd 
! *oir1 & is well des]v+ ( its high     
repute4 ,"o %\ld notice ! tone ( !      
blues1 especially 9 ! backgr\nd ( !     
*ur*'s f9e/ w9d[1 a ,tree ( ,jesse1 !   
fir/ on ! left f ! ,lady ,*apel4 ,x is !
 "w ( ,engr& le ,pr9ce1 & is "o ( ! be/ 
kn[n examples ( ! irrelevant use (      
portraits ( high dignit>ies4 ,_!        
half-l5g? figures appe> z blossoms on ! 
v9e4 ,among ! f\rte51 almo/ all         
contempor>y lik5esses1 ! mo/            
recognisable are ,francis ,i & ,h5ry    
,,ii4 ,at ! back ( ! *oir cl]e/ory !re  
is a f9e w9d[1 blue ) gold5 rays ( ! sun
 spread+ out ov] x4 ,! leg5d ( ,/4      
,hub]t is v agreeably set out j to ! ea/
 ( ! small s\? portal1 ! gre5 us$ !re9  
be+ seldom surpass$4   ,illu/ration3    
,,tree ,,( ,,jesse ,,/4 ,,eti5ne1       
,,beauvais 7#af,,? ,,c5tury74           
,popul> subject 9 /a9$ glass2 ! v9e     
spr++ f !      lo9s ( ,jesse g5]ally    
be>s 8 desc5dants z blossoms1 &         

culm9ates above 9 a great lily f :i*    
em]ge ! ,virg9      & ,*ild4 ,"h occurs 
an int]e/+ #af? c5tury                  
v>iation--among ! desc5dants ( ,jesse   
appe> contempor>y      portraits1       
,francis ,i1 ,h5ry ,,ii1 etc4  ,x is    
difficult to express 9 words ! effect ( 
extreme l(t9ess :i* /rikes "o z he ent]s
 ! s\? door ( ! ,ca!dral4 ,x seems almo/
 impossible to %ake (f ?is impression2 9
 fact1 "o is con/antly be+ surpris$ t he
 does n gr[ accu/om$ to ! great sweep ( 
! upw>d l9es4 ,9 ! two great rose w9d[s 
:i* decorate ! transept ends1 & 9 !     
d\ble r[ ( lancets bel[ ea*1 !re is     
excell5t glass ( ?is p]iod4 ,! nor!rn   
rose %[s ! gold5 rays ( ! sun spread+   
out ov] a blue backgr\nd1 rem9d+ u ( its
 prototype at ,/4 ,eti5ne4 ,bel[1 ! t5  
figures ( wom5 are attribut$ to ,le     
,pot4 ,! s\!rn rose conta9s ! hi/ory ( !
 ,creation ) su* int]e/+ detail z to    
well repay ! tr\ble to deciph] x caus$  
by its great height above u4 ,bel[ are  
two h&some r[s ( lancets dat$ #aeea1 !  

upp] conta9+ prophets1 & ! l[]1 sa9ts4  
,! we/]n wall1 ris+ abruptly at ! po9t  
:]e ! nave %\ld comm5ce1 has 9 its nor? 
& s\? corn]s two *apels4 ,ea* ( ^!      
*apels has l>ge sixte5? c5tury w9d[s1 ! 
nor!rly "o 9 ! we/ wall1 ! ,desc5t f !  
,cross1 be+ v f9e2 9 fact1 x is by "s   
consid]$ ! be/ 9 ! ca!dral4 ,! *oir also
 has f9e ,r5aissance glass1 al?\gh 9    
sev]al ( ! *oir *apels 7especially 9 !  
,lady ,*apel7 & ar\nd ! cl]e/ory at !   
ea/ end1 !re are "s v int]e/+ ?irte5?   
c5tury w9d[s1 "o1 9 p>ticul>1 a ,tree ( 
,jesse1 r5d]$ attractive by ! halo (    
fly+ birds ab\t ! head ( ! ,savi\r4 ,s  
tall are ! cl]e/ory embrasures t g5]ally
 only ! middle portion ( !m conta9s     
p]sonages1 ! upp] & l[] p>ts be+ fill$ )
 grisaille4 ,mo/ ( ^! upp] embrasures 7 
glaz$ 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & %[ to a m>k$
 degree ! revulsion f ! sombre mosaic1 &
 ! dem& = great] illum9ation4 ,all ?is  
glass w\ld be mu* m effective if ne>] ! 
eye ( ! obs]v]1 ! great height at :i* x 
is plac$ n only spoil+ ! p]spective1 b  

result+ 9 a jumble ( col\rs4 ,! ,city   
,hall conta9s ! flag :i* ! gallant      
t[nswoman1 ,jeanne ,ha*ette1 captur$ )  
h] own h&s ^u ! occasion ( ! attack on !
 city made by ,*>les ! ,bold & 8 army4  
,al?\gh ?is gallant de$ 0 p]=m$ 9 #adgb1
 x has nev] be5 =gott5 by ! p (         
,beauvais1 & its anniv]s>y is rev]5tly  
commemorat$ ^u ! #bi? ( e ,june4        
,,b\rg  ,9 addition to ! glass se5 dur+ 
^! ?ree trips1 !re are ?ree isolat$     
*ur*es ^: w9d[s are s int]e/+ z well z  
important t "o %\ld n be cont5t$ to     
conclude 8 sixte5? c5tury /udies )\t    
visit+ !m4 ,n only is ea* "o ( !m di/ant
 f o!r contempor>y glass1 b x w\ld seem 
z ?\gh ! ,imp ( ! ,p]v]se _h tak5 a h& 9
 plac+ !m z f> away f ea* o!r z         
possible4 ,b\rg is d[n s\? 9 ,savoy2    
,au* is ne> ,t\l\se 9 ! s\?we/2 &       
,*ampigny-sur-,veude is (f 9 ! we/]n "p 
( ,t\ra9e1 ne> ! l[] rea*es ( ! riv]    
,loire4 ,ea* ( ^! ?ree n only 0         
completely glaz$ dur+ ?is epo*1 b has   
also reta9$ its glass 9 good condition4 

,9 ea* case ! special int]e/ :i* causes 
our visit is q peculi> & v diff]5t f t  
:i* attracts u to ! o!rs4 ,:5 we        
conclud$ our trips ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5?
 c5turies we 7 confront$ ) !            
advisability ( a sep>ate j\rney to      
,quimp]1 & 9 l mann] we %\ld n[ decide  
to visit ,b\rg1 ,au* &                  
,*ampigny-sur-,veude4 ,x mu/ be confess$
 t x is inconv5i5t1 b x w prove well    
wor? :ile4  ,fir/ 9 importance is ! *ur*
 ( ,br\ at ,b\rg4 ,al?\gh ,savoy n[ =ms 
"p ( ,france1 we %all1 ^u ?is excursion1
 f9d pro( t x 0 n always ,fr5*1 & %all  
fur!rmore enc\nt] mu* int]e/+ hi/ory    
wrapp$ up 9 ! tale ( ! build+ & glaz+ ( 
! *ur* ( ,br\4 ,up 9 ! nor?1 at ,/4     
,qu5t91 we f\nd ! high-wat] m>k 7on     
,fr5* soil7 ( t spl5did empire :i* !    
,spani>d1 ,*>les ,v1 agglom]at$ "u 8    
bann] & :i* he resign$ to 8 son1 ,philip
 ,,ii1 ! victor ( ! ,battle ( ,/4       
,qu5t94 ,s va/ & important 0 8 empire t 
he lack$ only ,france to h all ! cont95t
 ( ,europe b5ea? 8 sway4 ,x 0 ! aunt (  

?is ,emp]or ,*>les ,v1 ,m>gu]ite        
d',autri*e1 :o built ! exquisite *ur* ( 
,br\ 9 memory ( h] husb&1 ,philib]t le  
,beau1 ,duke ( ,savoy1 kill$ 9 a hunt+  
accid5t4 ,aft] ?is glance at hi/ory1 x  
is n difficult to und]/& :y ,m>gu]ite   
s5t to ,fl&]s = h] ar*itect & = h] glass
 design]s1 = z ,fl&]s 0 "p ( h] nephew's
 empire1 none 0 m fully advis$ ?an %e ( 
! high reputation !n enjoy$ by ! arti/s 
( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,apropos ( ! way 9   
:i* h] husb& ,philib]t di$1 x is relat$ 
t :5 8 fa!r _h be5 at ! po9t ( dea? f a 
simil> hunt+ accid5t1 ,philib]t's "m1   
,m>gu]ite de ,b\rbon1 _h v[$ to erect a 
*apel to ,/4 ,hub]t1 patron sa9t (      
huntsm51 if he recov]$4 ,h] failure to  
comply ) ?is v[ 0 by _m firmly believ$  
to be ! reason :y h] son ,philib]t 0    
kill$ ^u ! hunt+ field1 & t 8 untimely  
end 0 a solemn w>n+ t a v[ to ,/4 ,hub]t
 mu/ be /rictly kept4 ,9 any ev5t1 ,/4  
,hub]t mu/ h be5 fully satisfi$ ) !     
mann] 9 :i* ! oa? 0 f9ally c>ri$ out1 = 
! *apel s built has rema9$ to amaze &   

delight _m g5]ations4 ,! wond]ful m>ble 
tombs1 ! graceful rood scre51 ! spl5did 
glass1 all g to prove t !re 0 "h lavi%$ 
ev]y?+ t weal?1 p[] & intellig5ce c\ld  
comm&4  ,x is bewild]+ to decide ) :i* (
 ! eighte5 w9d[s we %all beg9 our       
inspection4 ,because ( our int]e/ 9 !   
f\ndress & h] husb&1 let u comm5ce ) t 9
 ! *oir1 :i* is at ! left ( ! mo/ ea/]ly
 w9d[4 ,^u ?is "o & its neighb\r to !   
left we %all see spread out mu* conc]n+ 
! life1 family & habits ( ,philib]t4 ,! 
fir/ w9d[ %[s ! ,duke himself att5d$ by 
8 patron sa9t1 ,/4 ,philib]t1 :ile 9 !  
backgr\nd !re looms up 8 fav\rite ducal 
palace ( ,pont d',a91 :]e he liv$ & di$4
 ,z indicat+ ! importance ( 8 du*y !re  
are arrang$ above him ?irte5 %ields     
display+ ! arms ( prov9ces at "o "t "p (
 ,savoy4 ,! next w9d[ to ! left be>s a  
spl5did array ( ?irty-five %ields ^:    
h]aldry s]ves to complete our in=mation 
ab\t ,duke ,philib]t by %[+ !           
individuals compos+ 8 family tree4 ,^?  
on ! "r are ( ! pat]nal l9e ( ,savoy1 & 

on ! left we foll[ 8 "m's l9e 7! ,h\se (
 ,b\rbon7 z f> up z ,l\is ,,ix1 ^: arms 
appe> at ! v top ( ! embrasure4 ,x is   
mo/ fitt+ t ! arms ( our old fri5d1 !   
royal patron ( /a9$ glass1 %\ld preside 
ov] ! mo/ brilliant w9d[ 9 ?is fam\sly  
glaz$ sanctu>y4 ,x is to be notic$ t ?is
 *ur* is v ri* 9 h]aldic blazons2 9     
fact1 ^u five ( its w9d[s we f9d        
sev5ty-"o %ields4 ,! ,*apelle des ,sept 
,joies conta9s a gorge\s "w1 ! ,cr[n+ ( 
! ,virg91 9 :i* e ef=t ( ! glassmak]'s  
skill seems to h be5 ex]t$4 ,above !    
pr9cipal subject runs a panel-l frieze  
%[+ 9 allegory ! ,triumph ( ,*ri/4 ,?is 
frieze is done 9 grey & yell[ /a94 ,!   
:ole w9d[ w\ld leave no?+ to be desir$ 9
 ei!r te*nique or col\r if x 7 n made ! 
victim ( an exagg]at$ outbreak ( ! curse
 ( donors' figures4 ,! f\ndress & h]    
husb& are n only all[$ to intrude ^u !  
draw+ ( ! g5]al subject1 b ea* ( !m is  
actually l>g] ?an ! figure ( ! ,virg94  
,! records %[ t ?is *ur* 7begun 9 #aeaa7
 _h all its glass in/all$ at ! "t ( its 

completion 9 #aecf1 ?us %[+ t ! w9d[s 7 
made dur+ ! mo/ vigor\s "p ( ! c5tury1 a
 fact ?or\ghly borne out by int]nal     
evid5ce4 ,we may consid] ourselves      
=tunate t ! use ( ?is glori\s build+ = a
 /ore-h\se dur+ ! ,revolution damag$ !  
glass s little4 ,9 ?is connection x is  
surpris+ to read t its beauty 0 s mu*   
appreciat$ t ! p vot$ to pres]ve x z a  
public monum5t1 ?us /ay+ ! h& ( !       
ev]-ready v&alism :i* !n rag$ ?r\gh s _m
 ,fr5* *ur*es4  ,a sket* ( ,b\rg w\ld n 
be complete )\t a ref]5ce to ! noble    
poem ( ,mat!w ,arnold4 ,! foll[+ l9es   
are p>ticul>ly appropriate to ! mov+    
cause = our visit to ?is lovely %r9e3   
,s sleep1 =ev] sleep1 ,o m>ble ,pair6   
,or1 if ye wake1 let x be !n1 :5 fair   
,on ! c>v$ we/]n front a flood ( light  
,/reams f ! sett+ sun1 & col\rs bright  
,prophets1 transfigur$ ,sa9ts1 & ,m>tyrs
 brave1      ,9 ! va/ we/]n w9d[ ( !    
nave2      ,& on ! pavem5t r\nd ! tomb  
!re gl9ts      ,a *equ]-"w ( gl[+       
sapphire-t9ts1      ,& ame?y/1 &        

ruby--!n unclose      ,y\r eyelids on ! 
/one :]e ye repose1      ,& look+ d[n on
 ! w>m rosy t9ts1      ,:i* *equ]1 at   
y\r feet1 ! illum9$ fl9ts1      ,say3   
,:at is ?is8 ,we are 9 bliss--=giv5--   
,behold ! pavem5t ( ! c\rts ( ,heav56   
,,au*  ,sev5ty-sev5 kilometres we/ (    
,t\l\se !re lies ! int]e/+ city ( ,au*1 
built ^u a hillside ris+ %>ply f ! riv] 
,g]s4 ,"h "o w happ5 ^u _m an anci5t    
ar*itectural bit :i* w take him back to 
! days :5 ,h5ry ( ,nav>re "h ent]ta9$1  
mu* aga9/ h] w1 8 "m-9-law1 ,ca!r9e de  
,m$icis1 9 ?is s\?-we/]n corn] (        
,france1 f> (f f h] belov$ ,p>is4 ,! v  
remot5ess has pres]v$ _m ( its old-_w   
features1 & ?is anci5t flav\r1 comb9$ ) 
! picturesque position above ! riv]1    
r5d]s x di/9ctly a t[n to be visit$4 ,b 
some?+ m ?an ! g5]al m$iaeval air ( ,au*
 is ! cause = our long jaunt hi!r4 ,?is 
reason we %all f9d 9 ! eighte5 w9d[s t  
adorn ! *oir ambulatory ( ! ca!dral (   
,/e4 ,m>ie4 ,an inscription 9 ! ,gascon 
dialect on ! f9al "o ( ! s]ies tells u t

 !y are by ! h& ( ,arnaud ,desmoles & t 
!y 7 f9i%$ ,june #be1 #aeac4 ,we h "h ! 
"w ( a ,fr5*man1 a ,gascon at t1 & !re  
is no trace ( ,italian1 ,g]man or any   
o!r =eign influ5ce2 x is ! true fl[] ( !
 c\ntry's g5ius gr[+ on its native soil4
 ,p]haps ! draw+ & ! col\r+ are n q s   
good z we may see else:]e1 b x is purely
 ,fr5*4 ,any imp]fection ( detail is    
h>dly notic$1 because we are in/antly   
/ruck by ! ensemble ( eighte5 w9d[s made
 = ! build+ :i* !y decorate1 z well z = 
ea* o!r1 & all by ! same arti/4 ,8 s*eme
 ( subjects1 %[+ ! agreem5t betwe5 !    
tea*+s ( ! ,old & ^? ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 
is fully c>ri$ ?r\gh to its completion4 
,! col\rs %[ /r5g? & yet are n too      
robu/4 ,! proportions1 too1 are v       
satisfactory1 ea* w9d[ be+ ab\t ?ree    
times z high z x is broad4 ,_! /ories   
beg9 ) ! creation ( ! _w & c>ry u on1   
/ep by /ep1 until !y conclude ) !       
appe>ance ( ,*ri/ to ,8 disciples4 ,!   
c5tral "p ( ea* embrasure is fill$ by a 
l>ge p]sonage1 ) sundry small] figures  

above1 & gr\ps bel[4 ,x is b natural t s
 complete a s]ies z ?is %\ld h always   
enjoy$ a wide reputation4 ,al?\gh we may
 feel1 aft] exam9+ !m1 t !y d n rea* !  
/&>d ( p]fection atta9$ by "s ( _!      
contempor>ies else:]e1 /ill !y _c fail  
to please u4 ,! *>m l5t by _! logical   
complet5ess causes u to pref] !m to o!rs
 :]e ! p]fection ( draw+ & /yle 9 !     
individual w9d[ is p>tly (fset by lack (
 h>mony ) o!rs ne> x4                   
,,*ampigny-,,sur-,,veude  ,any m5tion ( 
,t\ra9e g5]ally calls up be=e u !       
picture ( a smil+ c\ntry ?r\gh :i* rolls
 ! lazy ,loire hemm$ 9 by its s&y banks1
 ) e n[ & aga9 ! vision ( a *>m+ *ateau1
 type ( ! be/ m$iaeval ar*itecture4 ,to 
! glass lov]1 h[ev]1 ! *ief & almo/ !   
only attraction ( ! prov9ce is ! ca!dral
 at ,t\rs 7see page #ea74 ,we say almo/1
 because al?\gh n g5]ally kn[n & b      
seldom visit$ by ! t\ri/1 ,t\ra9e has   
ano!r glass %r9e ly+ )9 a few kilometres
 ( ! ,*ateau de ,*9on4 ,! *apel 9 :i* we
 f9d ?is glass 0 =m]ly "p ( ! ,*ateau ( 

,*ampigny-sur-,veude1 b ! *apel alone   
rema9s4 ,be=e we ent]1 ! writ] wi%es to 
deliv] himself ( a p>tial explanation or
 apology1 & he does s = ! foll[+ reason3
 he has all along inveigh$ bitt]ly aga9/
 ! curse ( donors' figures ^u w9d[s1 b  
on ?is occasion he mu/ frankly admit t  
he is guilty ( tak+ y to see glass ( :i*
 a mo/ int]e/+ feature is ^! v          
repres5tations ( ! donors4 ,9 fact !    
*apel has a peculi> value because x     
conta9s ?irty-six portraits ( !         
,b\rbon-,montp5si] family4 ,!y are to be
 f\nd along ! l[e/ panels1 ea* "o kneel+
 be=e a prie-dieu4 ,! *apel is admirably
 light$1 p>tly due to ! de/ruction ( !  
old *ateau1 b *iefly to ! elev5 l>ge    
w9d[s1 ea* sev5 by ?ree & a half metres4
 ,! same s*eme ( decoration prevails    
?r\gh\t4 ,l[e/ d[n we f9d ! kneel+      
donors2 above !m & occupy+ f> m space   
are hi/orical episodes f ! life ( ,l\is 
,,ix1 ( peculi> int]e/ to u1 8 humble   
foll[]s 9 ! love ( /a9$ glass4 ,among ! 
mo/ int]e/+ ( ^! glass pictures may be  

cit$ "o %[+ a battle ) ! ,s>ac5s 9 !    
,holy ,l&1 sev]al portray+ %ips fill$ ) 
arm\r$ knights1 & p>ticul>ly ! episode (
 ,/4 ,l\is d$icat+ ! ,/e4 ,*apelle at   
,p>is4 ,above ^! 9 ! roomy oval trac]ies
 are sc5es f ! ,passion4 ,highe/ ( all  
are small panes conta9+ ei!r a capital  
,l ) a cr[n slipp$ d[n ar\nd x1 or a    
bird's w+ simil>ly encircl$ by a cr[n1  
ref]r+ respectively to ,k+ ,l\is & !    
,b\rbons4 ,! only v>iation f ! regul>ity
 ( ?is g5]al s*eme is ! ea/ w9d[1 :i*   
%[s ! creation ( ! _w & has bel[ x ,*ri/
 betwe5 ! two ?ieves4 ,! fact t ?is     
*apel is to-day completely glaz$ 9 its  
orig9al glass & t !re is a ?or\gh       
coh]5ce ( /yle ?r\gh\t1 w\ld alone s]ve 
to repay u = ! long trip f ,p>is2 b :5  
we add ! fact t ?is is a ,b\rbon        
portrait gall]y1 an hi/orical int]e/ is 
at once add$ to its o!r attractions4 ,^!
 argum5ts 9 its fav\r w keep u f obs]v+ 
too ke5ly h[ mu* ! crud5ess ( "s ( !    
col\rs acc5tuates ! dullness ( o!rs4 ,x 
w\ld be bett] if ! gre5s c\ld be s(t5$ &

 ! greys enliv5$4 ,le/ we may seem by   
?us criticis+ ! glass to wi% to disp>age
 x1 we make ha/e to urge our read] to   
visit ,*ampigny4 ,he w f9d ample        
comp5sation = its isolation f o!r glass 
( its c5tury by ! _m *ateaux :i* make a 
trip ?r\gh ,t\ra9e s enjoyable4         
,illu/ration3 ,,d$ication ,,( ,,p>is    
,,/e4 ,,*apelle ,,at                    
,,*ampigny-,,sur-,,veude4      ,panel   
conta9+ kneel+ donors n %[n4 #af? c5tury
 glass      picture ( a #ac? c5tury     
ev5t4 7,see page #bf74     ,,it9]>ies   
,,%[+ ,,di/ances ,,9 ,,kilometres       
,,?irte5? ,,c5tury                      
,p>is--#bbg--;,b\rges--#aij--,poiti]s--#
ajc--,t\rs--#ajg--;,ang]s--#hg--,le     
,mans--#abd--;,*>tres--#hh--,p>is4      
,p>is--#afh--;,aux]re--#ei--,s5s--#fc--,
troyes--#gi--;,*alons--#da--,rheims     
--#ade--,p>is4                          
,p>is--#ie--,soissons--#ce--,laon--#df--
,/4 ,qu5t9--#ge--;,ami5s--#aca--,p>is4  
,,f\rte5? ,,& ,,fifte5? ,,c5turies      
,p>is--#id--;,evreux--#ea--,r\5--#acc--,

p>is4                                   
,p>is--#bbg--;,b\rges--#ig--,m\l9s--#hb-
-,riom--#ad--;,cl]mont-,f]r&--#adh      
--,eym\ti]s--#ej--,limoges--#abj--,poiti
]s--#abd--;,ang]s--#hg--,le             
,mans--#di--;,al5con--#ba--,sees--#fd--,
v]neuil--#ed--;,*>tres--#hh--,p>is4     
,p>is--#eee--,quimp]4   ,,sixte5?       
,,c5tury                                
,p>is--#e--,v9c5nes--#ajg--,s5s--#fc--,t
royes--#gi--;,*alons--#afj--,p>is4      
,p>is--#de--,mont=t                     
l',amaury--#gb--;,con*es--#ef--,pont-,au
dem]--#cb--                             
,caudebec--#cd--,r\5--#acc--,p>is4      
7,r\5--#cc--;,gr&-,&ely1 ,r\5--#bj      
--,elbeuf1 ,r\5--#ah--,pont de l',ar*e47
                                        
,p>is--#ah--,montmor5cy--#h--;,ec\5--#bg
--;,*antilly--#ej--;,beauvais--#gh      
--,p>is4  ,p>is--#dff--;,b\rg4          
,p>is--#gja--;,au*4                     
,p>is--#bgi--;,*ampigny-sur-,veude4     
,,index    ,,kilometres  ,,f ,,p>is     
,,epo*s            ,,page   #aib        

,al5con                   #af? ,c5tury  
#ahj  #aca       ,ami5s                 
#ac?                #aab  #cjb          
,ang]s                    #ac?          
#ee  #cjb       ,ang]s                  
#ae?                #age  #gja          
,au*                      #af?          
#bij  #afh       ,aux]re                
#ac?                 #gd   #gh          
,beauvais                  #af?         
#bha  #dff       ,b\rg                  
#af?                #bhe  #bbg          
,b\rges                   #ac?          
#db  #bbg       ,b\rges                 
#ae?                #aea  #afa          
,caudebec                  #af?         
#bde  #afj       ,*alons                
#ac?                 #hg  #afj          
,*alons                   #af?          
#bcc  #bgi       ,*ampigny-sur-,veude   
#af?                #bib   #cf          
,*antilly                 #af?          
#bgg   #hh       ,*>tres                
#ac?                 #fg   #hh          
,*>tres                  #ad?           

#ahh  #chc       ,cl]mont-,f]r&         
#ae?                #afj  #aag          
,con*es                   #af?          
#bci   #ah       ,ec\5                  
#af?                #bgd  #abd          
,elbeuf                    #af?         
#bfa   #id       ,evreux                
#ad?                #acg  #daj          
,eym\ti]s                #ae?           
#afd   #ii       ,gr&-,&ely             
#af?                #beh  #abi          
,laon                      #ac?         
#ajc  #cic       ,limoges               
#ad?                #afi  #bad          
,mans 7,le7                 #ac?        
#fj  #bad       ,mans 7,le7             
#ae?                #agh   #de          
,mont=t l',amaury         #af?          
#bcf   #ah       ,montmor5cy            
#af?                #bgj  #bhi          
,m\l9s                   #ae?           
#aee   #ig       ,nonanc\rt             
#ae?                #ahg  #ccd          
,poiti]s                  #ac?          
#dg  #ccd       ,poiti]s                

#ad?                #agb  #afg          
,pont-,audem]              #af?         
#bdb  #aad       ,pont de l',ar*e       
#af?                #bfc  #eee          
,quimp]                   #ae?          
#aia  #ade       ,rheims                
#ac?                 #ib  #cfh          
,riom                      #ae?         
#aeg  #acc       ,r\5                   
#ad?                #add  #acc          
,r\5                     #af?           
#bdi  #agf       ,/4 ,qu5t9             
#ac?                #ajg  #ahj          
,sees                      #ad?         
#ahj  #aab       ,s5s                   
#ac?                 #gg  #aab          
,s5s                      #af?          
#bah   #ie       ,soissons              
#ac?                 #ii  #bcc          
,t\rs                     #ac?          
#ea  #aef       ,troyes                 
#ac?                 #hb  #aef          
,troyes                    #af?         
#bbb  #aah       ,v]neuil               
#ae?                #ahe    #e          

,v9c5nes                 #af?           
#bae           99      99      99       
99      99     ,transcrib]'s note3      
,m9or *anges h be5 made to correct      
typesett]s' errors2 o!rwise1 e ef=t has 
be5 made to rema9 true to ! au?or's     
words & int5t4