,,?r\gh ,,nature ,,to ,,god ,,by ,,john ,,fiske ,soyez comme l'oiseau pos p\r un in/ant ,sur des rameaux trop frles1 ,qui s5t ploy] la bran*e et qui *ante p\rtant1 ,sa*ant qu'il a des ailes6 ,,victor ,,hugo ,illu/ration ,,bo/on ,,& ,,new ,,york ,,h\ghton1 ,,miffl9 ,,& ,,company ,! ,riv]side ,press1 ,cambridge #aijj ,,copyright1 #ahii1 ,,by ,,john ,,fiske ,,all ,,rights ,,res]v$ ,,to ,,! ,,belov$ ,,& ,,rev]$ ,,memory ,,( ,,my ,,fri5d ,,?omas ,,h5ry ,,huxley ,,?is ,,book ,,is ,,consecrat$ ,illu/ration ,,preface ,a s+le purpose runs ?r\gh\t ?is little book1 ?\gh diff]5t aspects ( x are treat$ 9 ! ?ree sev]al p>ts4 ,! fir/ "p1 ,! ,my/]y ( ,evil1 writt5 soon aft] ,! ,idea ( ,god1 0 design$ to supply "s consid]ations :i* = ! sake ( concis5ess _h be5 omitt$ f t book4 ,its close k9%ip ) ! second "p1 ,! ,cosmic ,roots ( ,love & ,self-,sacrifice1 w be at once app>5t to ! read]4 ,t second "p is1 ) a few slight *anges1 ! ,phi ,beta ,kappa oration deliv]$ by me at ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 9 ,june1 #ahie4 ,its orig9al title 0 ,e?ics 9 ! ,cosmic ,process1 & its =m ( /atem5t 0 p>tly det]m9$ by ! fact t x 0 int5d$ z a reply to ,huxley's fam\s ,romanes lecture deliv]$ at ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d 9 #ahic4 ,read]s ( ,! ,de/9y ( ,man w obs]ve t ,i h "h repeat$ a portion ( ! argum5t ( t book4 ,! detection ( ! "p play$ by ! l5g!n+ ( infancy 9 ! g5esis ( ! human race is my own especial contribution to ! ,doctr9e ( ,evolution1 s t ,i naturally feel some:at unc]ta9 z to h[ f> t subject is g5]ally und]/ood1 & h[ f> a brief allusion to x w suffice4 ,x !re=e seem$ be/ to recapitulate ! argum5t :ile indicat+ its be>+ ^u ! e?ics ( ! ,cosmic ,process4 ,i c nev] cease to regret t ,huxley %\ld h pass$ away )\t see+ my argum5t & giv+ me ! b5efit ( 8 comm5ts4 ,! subject is "o ( a k9d :i* we lov$ to discuss on quiet ,sunday ev5+s at 8 fireside 9 ,london1 _m ye>s ago4 ,i h obs]v$ on ,huxley's "p1 n only 9 ! ,romanes lecture1 b also 9 ! *>m+ ,prolegom5a1 writt5 9 #ahid1 a t5d5cy to use ! phrase cosmic process 9 a re/rict$ s5se z equival5t to natural selection2 & d\btless if due all[ance 7 made = t circum/ance1 ! appe>ance ( antagonism betwe5 u w\ld be greatly dim9i%$4 ,9 our _m talks1 h[ev]1 ,i always felt t1 along ) abundant g5]al sympa?y1 !re 0 a disc]nible diff]5ce 9 m5tal attitude4 ,^u ! proposition t ! f\ndation ( morality is to 444 give up pret5d+ to believe t = :i* !re is no evid5ce1 we 7 he>tily agre$4 ,b ,i (t5 f\nd myself m /rongly incl9$ ?an my de> fri5d to ask ! ,t5nysonian "q3-- ,:o =g$ t o!r influ5ce1 ,t heat ( inw>d evid5ce1 ,by :i* he d\bts aga9/ ! s5se8 ,9 ! ?ird "p ( ! pres5t little book1 ,! ,ev]la/+ ,reality ( ,religion1 my aim is to %[ t t o!r influ5ce1 t inw>d conviction1 ! crav+ = a f9al cause1 ! !i/ic assumption1 is itself "o ( ! ma/] facts ( ! univ]se1 & z mu* entitl$ to respect z any fact 9 physical nature c possibly be4 ,! argum5t fla%$ ^u me ab\t t5 ye>s ago1 :ile read+ ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s controv]sy ) ,fr$]ic ,h>rison conc]n+ ! nature & reality ( religion4 ,because ,sp5c] d]iv$ hi/orically ! great] "p ( ! mod]n belief 9 an ,unse5 ,_w f ! savage's primeval _w ( dreams & gho/s1 "s ( 8 critics ma9ta9$ t logical consi/5cy requir$ him to dismiss ! mod]n belief z utt]ly false2 o!rwise he w\ld be guilty ( seek+ to evolve tru? f false-hood4 ,by no means1 repli$ ,sp5c]3 ,contr>iwise1 ! ultimate =m ( ! religi\s consci\sness is ! f9al developm5t ( a consci\sness :i* at ! outset conta9$ a g]m ( tru? obscur$ by multitud9\s errors4 ,?is sugge/ion has borne fruit 9 ! ?ird "p ( ! pres5t volume1 :]e ,i h introduc$ a :olly new l9e ( argum5t to %[ t ! ,doctr9e ( ,evolution1 prop]ly und]/ood1 does n leave ! scales equally balanc$ betwe5 ,mat]ialism & ,!ism1 b irr$eemably discr$its ! =m]1 :ile x places ! latt] ^u a firm] f\ndation ?an x has ev] be=e occupi$4 ,my ref]5ce to ! ,fr5* mat]ialism ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 9 its contra/ ) ! !ism ( ,voltaire1 is int5d$ to po9t ! /rong] contra/ betwe5 ! feeble survivals ( t mat]ialism 9 our "t & ! un%akable !ism :i* is 9 h>mony ) ! ,doctr9e ( ,evolution4 ,:5 "s naturali/ l ,haeckel assures u t z evolutioni/s we are b\nd to believe t dea? ends all1 x is a great mi/ake to hold ! ,doctr9e ( ,evolution responsible = su* a /atem5t4 ,haeckel's op9ion 0 nev] rea*$ ?r\gh a sci5tific /udy ( evolution2 x is no?+ b an e*o f ! ,fr5* speculation ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,su* a writ] z ,la ,mettrie proce$$ ^u ! assumption t no belief conc]n+ any?+ 9 ! heav5s above1 or ! e>? b5ea?1 or ! wat]s "u ! e>?1 is wor?y ( s]i\s consid]ation unless x c be demon/rat$ by ! me?ods employ$ 9 physical sci5ce4 ,su* a m5tal attitude 0 natural en\gh at a "t :5 ! m$ival !ory ( ! _w 0 fall+ into discr$it1 :ile a/ronomy & physics 7 w9n+ brilliant victories ?r\gh ! use ( new me?ods4 ,x 0 an attitude likely to endure s long z ! old-fa%ion$ fragm5t>y & piecemeal habits ( /udy+ nature 7 p]si/$ 92 & ! *ange did n come until ! latt] half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! encyclopdic atta9m5ts ( ,alex&] von ,humboldt1 = example1 left him1 to all int5ts & purposes1 a mat]iali/ ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,b %ortly be=e ! dea? ( t great ,g]man s*ol>1 !re appe>$ ! ,engli% book :i* h]ald$ a complete rev]sal ( ! attitude ( sci5ce4 ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology1 publi%$ 9 #ahee by ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 0 ! fir/ application ( ! !ory ( evolution on a gr& scale4 ,tak5 9 connection ) ! discov]ies ( natural selection1 ( spectrum analysis1 & ( ! me*anical equival5ce betwe5 mol> & molecul> motions1 x l$ ! way to t sublime conception ( ! ,unity ( ,nature by :i* ! m9ds ( sci5tific ?9k]s are n[ com+ to be dom9at$4 ,! attitude ( m9d :i* express$ itself 9 a great encyclopdic book )\t any p]vad+ pr9ciple ( unity1 l ,humboldt's ,kosmos1 is n[ become :at ! ,g]mans call e9 ueb]wund5] ,/&punkt1 or some?+ t we h pass$ by & left beh9d4 ,:5 we h once ?or\ghly grasp$ ! mono!i/ic conception ( ! univ]se z an organic :ole1 animat$ by ! omnipres5t _s ( ,god1 we h =ev] tak5 leave ( t mat]ialism to :i* ! univ]se 0 m]ely an endless multitude ( ph5om5a4 ,we beg9 to cat* glimpses ( ! mean+ & dramatic purpose ( ?+s2 at all ev5ts we re/ assur$ t !re really is su* a mean+4 ,?\gh ! hi/ory ( our lives1 & ( all life ^u our planet1 z writt5 d[n by ! unsw]v+ f+] ( ,nature1 may exhibit all ev5ts & _! f9al purpose 9 unmi/akable sequ5ce1 yet to our limit$ vision ! sev]al fragm5ts ( ! record1 l ! leaves ( ! ,cuman sibyl1 caught by ! fitful breezes ( circum/ance & :irl$ wantonly hi!r & ?i!r1 lie 9 su* intricate confusion t no +5uity c enable u :olly to deciph] ! leg5d4 ,b c\ld we atta9 to a k comm5surate ) ! reality--c\ld we p5etrate ! hidd5 dep?s :]e1 accord+ to ,dante 7,p>adiso1 xxxiii4 #he71 ! /ory ( ,nature1 no long] scatt]$ 9 truant leaves1 is b\nd ) div9e love 9 a my/ic volume1 we %\ld f9d !re9 no traces ( haz>d or incongruity4 ,f man's orig9 we ga!r h9ts ( 8 de/9y1 & ! /udy ( evolution leads our ?\ghts ?r\gh ,nature to ,god4 ,,cambridge1 ,m>* #b1 #ahii4 ,illu/ration ,,cont5ts ,,! ,,my/]y ,,( ,,evil ,i4 ,! ,s]p5t's ,promise to ! ,woman #c ,,ii4 ,! ,pilgrim's ,burd5 #h ,,iii4 ,mani*ism & ,calv9ism #ad ,,iv4 ,! ,dramatic ,unity ( ,nature #bb ,v4 ,:at ,consci\s ,life is made ( #bg ,,vi4 ,)\t ! ,elem5t ( ,antagonism !re c\ld be no ,consci\sness1 & !re=e no ,_w #cd ,,vii4 ,a ,^w ( ,caution #dj ,,viii4 ,! ,h]mit & ! ,angel #dc ,,ix4 ,man's ,rise f ! ,innoc5ce ( ,brutehood #dh ,x4 ,! ,relativity ( ,evil #ed ,,! ,,cosmic ,,roots ,,( ,,love ,,& ,,self-,,sacrifice ,i4 ,! ,summ] ,field1 & :at x tells u #ei ,,ii4 ,seem+ ,wa/efulness ( ! ,cosmic ,process #fe ,,iii4 ,caliban's ,philosophy #gb ,,iv4 ,c x be t ! ,cosmic ,process has no ,relation to ,moral ,ends8 #gd ,v4 ,fir/ ,/ages 9 ! ,g5esis ( ,man #hj ,,vi4 ,! ,c5tral ,fact 9 ! ,g5esis ( ,man #hf ,,vii4 ,! ,*ief ,cause ( ,man's l5g!n$ ,infancy #hh ,,viii4 ,"s ( its ,effects #if ,,ix4 ,orig9 ( ,moral ,ideas & ,s5tim5ts #ajb ,x4 ,! ,cosmic ,process exi/s purely = ! ,sake ( ,moral ,ends #aji ,,xi4 ,mat]nity & ! ,evolution ( ,altruism #aag ,,xii4 ,! ,omnipres5t ,e?ical ,tr5d #abg ,,! ,,ev]la/+ ,,reality ,,( ,,religion ,i4 ,deo erexit ,voltaire #acc ,,ii4 ,! ,reign ( ,law1 & ! ,greek ,idea ( ,god #adg ,,iii4 ,weakness ( ,mat]ialism #aeb ,,iv4 ,religion's ,fir/ ,po/ulate3 ! ,quasi-,human ,god #afc ,v4 ,religion's ,second ,po/ulate3 ! undy+ ,human ,s\l #afh ,,vi4 ,religion's ,?ird ,po/ulate3 ! ,e?ical ,significance ( ! ,unse5 ,_w #aga ,,vii4 ,is ! ,sub/ance ( ,religion a ,phantom1 or an ,et]nal ,reality8 #agd ,,viii4 ,! ,fundam5tal ,aspect ( ,life #agg ,,ix4 ,h[ ! ,evolution ( ,s5ses exp&s ! ,_w #ahb ,x4 ,nature's ,et]nal ,lesson is ! ,ev]la/+ ,reality ( ,religion #ahf ,,! ,,my/]y ,,( ,,evil ,i am ! ,"l1 & !re is none else4 ,i =m ! light1 & create d>kness2 ,i make peace1 & create evil4 ,i ! ,"l d all ^! ?+s4--,,isaiah1 xiv4 #f1 #g4 ,did n our ,god br+ all ?is evil ^u u8--,,nehemiah1 xiii4 #ah4 ,greek3 ,ouk eoike d' h physis epeisodids ousa ek tn pha9om5n1 hsp] mo*?ra tragdia4--,,ari/otle1 ,metaphysica1 xiii4 #c4 ,illu/ration ,i ,! ,s]p5t's ,promise to ! ,woman ,y\r eyes %all be op5$1 & ye %all be z gods1 kn[+ good & evil4 ,g5esis iii4 #e4 ,! leg5d 9 :i* ! s]p5t is repres5t$ z giv+ ?is c\nsel to ! "m ( mank9d occurs at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,p5tateu* 9 ! =m :i* t collection ( writ+s assum$ aft] ! return ( ! ,jews f ! captivity at ,babylon1 & !re is good reason = believ+ t x 0 fir/ plac$ !re at t "t4 ,allusions to ,ed5 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t lit]ature are extremely sc>ce1#a & ! /ory ( ,eve's temptation fir/ assumes prom95ce 9 ! writ+s ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,! m>ks ( ,zoroa/rian ?\ght 9 x h (t5 be5 po9t$ out4 ,?is g>d5 ( ,ed5 is a true ,p]sian p>adise1 situat$ some:]e 9 t remote wond]l& ( ,aryana ,vajo to :i* all ,iranian tradition is s fond ( po9t+ back4 ,! wily s]p5t is a g5u9e ,p>see s]p5t1 & ! _s :i* animates him is t ( ! malici\s & tricksome ,ahriman1 :o takes delight 9 go+ ab\t aft] ! good creator ,ormuzd & spoil+ 8 h&iwork4 ,he is n yet id5tifi$ ) ! t]rible ,satan1 ! accus+ angel :o f9ds out m5's evil ?\ghts & de$s4 ,he is simply a mis*ief-mak]1 & ! puni%m5t met$ out to him = 8 mis*ief rem9ds "o ( _m a curi\s passage 9 ! bea/ epos ( primitive peoples4 ,z 9 ! /ories :i* tell :y ! mole is bl9d or :y ! fox has a bu%y tail1 ! s]p5t's conduct is made to acc\nt = "s ( 8 peculi> attributes4 ,z a puni%m5t he is made to crawl ^u 8 belly1 & be =ev] an object ( especial dread & loa?+ to all ! *ildr5 ( ,eve4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! crime = :i* ! s]p5t ,ahriman ?us makes bitt] expiation8 ,9 :at way has he spoil$ ,ormuzd's la/ & mo/ wond]ful creation8 ,he has introduc$ ! s5se ( s93 ! man & ! woman are afraid1 & hide !mselves f _! ,"l :om !y h (f5d$4 ,yet he has be5 n altoge!r a deceiv+ s]p5t4 ,9 "o respect he _h spok5 pr(\nd tru?4 ,! man & ! woman h become z gods4 ,9 ! ,hebrew /ory ,jehovah says1 ,behold ! man is become z "o ( u2 t is to say1 "o ( ! ,elohim or heav5ly ho/1 :o "k ! good & ! evil4 ,man has app>5tly become a creature aga9/ :om precautions ne$ to be tak54 ,x is h9t$ t by eat+ ( ! o!r tree & acquir+ immortal life he w\ld a*ieve "s result n 9 accordance ) ,jehovah's w1 yet :i* x w\ld !n be too late to prev5t4 ,accord+ly1 any su* proce$+s are =e/all$ by driv+ ! man & woman f ! g>d51 & plac+ s5t9els !re ) a fi]y sword :i* turns hi!r & ?i!r to w>n (f all :o w\ld tread ! pa? t leads to ! tree ( life4 ,! an?ropomorphism ( ! /ory is z vivid z 9 ^? ,hom]ic sc5es 9 :i* gods & m5 cont5d ) "o ano!r 9 battle4 ,x is pla9ly indicat$ t ,jehovah's wra? is k9dl$ at man's presumption 9 m$dl+ ) :at belongs only to ! ,elohim2 man is puni%$ = 8 arrogance 9 ! same _s z :51 lat] on1 he gives 8 daught]s 9 m>riage to ! sons ( ! ,elohim & br+s on a deluge1 or :5 he /rives to build a t[] t w rea* to heav5 & is visit$ ) a confusion ( tongues4 ,s "h 9 ,ed5 he has come to "k too mu*1 & ,ahriman's he9\s crime has consi/$ 9 help+ him to ?is int]dict$ k4 ,! s]p5t's promise to ! woman 0 wor?y ( ! wise/ & mo/ a/ute ( animals4 ,b ) yet great] subtlety he might h decl>$1 ,except ye acquire ! k ( good & evil1 ye _c come to be z gods2 div9e life c nev] be y\rs4 ,?r\gh\t ! ,*ri/ian _w ?is leg5d ( ! lo/ p>adise has figur$ z ! /ory ( ! ,fall ( ,man2 & naturally1 because ( ! !ological use ( x made by ,/4 ,paul1 :o fir/ lift$ ! /ory into prom95ce 9 illu/rat+ 8 !ory ( ,*ri/ z ! second ,adam3 s9ce by man came dea? into ! _w1 by man came also ! resurrection f dea? & f s94 ,t !re is tru? ( ! mo/ vital sort 9 ! ,paul9e !ory is und5iable2 b !re are _m ?+s t w be> look+ at f opposite po9ts ( view1 = aspects ( tru? are (t5 to be f\nd on bo? sides ( ! %ield1 & !re is a s5se 9 :i* we may reg>d ! loss ( p>adise z 9 itself ! beg9n+ ( ! ,rise ( ,man4 ,= ?is1 inde$1 we h already f\nd "s ju/ification 9 ! leg5d itself4 ,x is 9 no _s ( p>adox t ,i make ?is sugge/ion4 ,! m pati5tly "o scrut9izes ! processes :]eby ?+s h come to be :at !y are1 ! m deeply is "o impress$ ) its pr(\nd significance4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,isaiah li4 #c2 ,joel ii4 #c2 ,ezekiel xxviii4 #ac1 xxxi4 #h1 #i4 ,illu/ration ,,ii ,! ,pilgrim's ,burd5 ,b be=e ,i c prop]ly elucidate ?is view1 & make cle> :at is meant by connect+ ! loss ( innoc5ce ) ! beg9n+ ( ! ,rise ( ,man1 x is necess>y to be/[ a few words ^u a well-worn !me1 & recall to m9d ! helpless & hopeless bewild]m5t into :i* all !ologies & all philosophies h be5 ?r[n by ! problem ( ! exi/5ce ( evil4 ,f ! anci5t ,greek & ,hebrew ?9k]s :o 7 sadd5$ by ! spectacle ( wick$ness insol5t & unpuni%$1 d[n to ! ag$ ,voltaire & ! y\?ful ,goe! :o felt _! !ories ( ,god's ju/ice q baffl$ by ! ,lisbon e>?quake1 or d[n to ! a!i/ic pessimi/ ( our own "t :o ass]ts t ! ,p[] :i* su/a9s ! _w is b a bl9d & t]rible =ce )\t conc]n = man's welf>e ( body or ( s\l1--f fir/ to la/ ! hi/ory ( philosophy teems ) ! m\rnful in/ances ( ?is disc\ragem5t4 ,9 t tale ( ,w> & ,peace :]e9 ! f]vid g5ius ( ,tol/oi has depict$ sc5es & *>act]s ( mod]n life ) tru?ful gr&eur l t ( ! anci5t epic poems1 :5 our fri5d1 ! g5ial & ?\ghtful h]o ( ! /ory1 /&s 9 ! public squ>e at ,mosc[1 unc]ta9 ( 8 fate1 :ile ! k9dly bright-fac$ peasant & ! eag] pale "y me*anic are %ot dead by 8 side1 & all = a silly suspicion on ! "p ( ,napoleon's soldi]y2 z he /&s & sees ! bodies1 /ill w>m & quiv]+1 toss$ into a tr5* & loose e>? ha/ily %ovell$ ov] !m1 8 manly he>t surges 9 rebellion aga9/ a _w 9 :i* su* ?+s c be1 & a voice )9 him cries out1--n 9 ! mood 9 :i* ! fool crie?1 b ) ! angui% ( a t5d] s\l wrung by ! sight ( /up5d\s iniquity1--,!re is no ,god6 ,x is b ! utt]ance ( an old-_w feel+1 natural en\gh to h>d-press$ & sorely tri$ humanity 9 ^? mom5ts t h come to x only too (t51 :5 triumphant wrong is dreadfully real & close at h&1 :ile any?+ l comp5sation seems %ad[y & d\btful & f> away4 ,x is ?is feel+ t has creat$ ! belief 9 a devil1 an adv]s>y to ! good ,god1 an adv]s>y h>d to conqu] or baffle4 ,! feel+ und]lies e !ological cre$1 & 9 e sy/em ( philosophy we f9d x lurk+ some:]e4 ,9 ^! d>k regions ( ?\ght1 :i* sci5ce has su* scanty means = explor+1 ! /atem5ts :i* make up a cre$ are apt to be ! outgr[? ( su* an all-p]vad+ s5tim5t1 :ile _! =m w be f\nd to v>y ) ! k ( nature--meagre en\gh at all times1 & ev5 9 our boa/$ "t--:i* happ5s to *>act]ize ! age 9 :i* !y are made4 ,h5ce1 well-nigh univ]sally has philosophy proce$$ ^u ! assumption1 :e!r tacit or av[$1 t pa9 & wrong are ?+s h>d to be reconcil$ ) ! !ory t ! _w is creat$ & rul$ by a ,be+ at once all-p[]ful & all-b5evol5t4 ,:y does su* a ,be+ p]mit ! mis]y t we behold encompass+ u on e side8 ,:5 we w\ld fa9 believe t ,god is love inde$1 & love creation's f9al law1 h[ comes x t nature1 r$ 9 too? & claw ) rav9e1 %rieks aga9/ our cre$8 ,if ?is "q c\ld be fairly answ]$1 does x n seem z if ! burd5 ( life1 :i* s (t5 seems intol]able1 w\ld =?) slip f our %\ld]s1 & leave u1 l ,bunyan's pilgrim1 free & bold & light-he>t$ to cont5d aga9/ all ! ills ( ! _w8 ,ev] s9ce human intellig5ce became enlight5$ en\gh to grope = a mean+ & purpose 9 human life1 ?is problem ( ! exi/5ce ( evil has be5 ! burd5 ( man4 ,9 ! ef=t to ?r[ x (f1 lead]s ( ?\ght h _h rec\rse to almo/ e imag9able device4 ,x has usually be5 f\nd necess>y to repres5t ! ,creator z f9ite ei!r 9 p[] or 9 goodness1 al?\gh ! limitation is seldom av[$1 except by writ]s :o h a lean+ t[>d a!ism & take a grim pleasure 9 po9t+ out flaws 9 ! con/itution ( ?+s4 ,among mod]n writ]s ! mo/ conspicu\s in/ance ( ?is temp] is af=d$ by t mu* too positive philosoph] ,augu/e ,comte1 :o w\ld fa9 h tipp$ ! e>?'s axis at a diff]5t angle & alt]$ ! arrangem5ts ( nature 9 _m fanciful ways4 ,he 0 l ,alphonso1 ! le>n$ k+ ( ,ca/ile1 :o regrett$ t he _h n be5 pres5t :5 ! _w 0 creat$1--he c\ld h giv5 su* excell5t advice6 ,9 a v diff]5t mood ! great ,leibnitz1 9 8 fam\s !ory ( optimism1 argu$ t a p]fect _w is 9 ! nature ( ?+s impossible1 b t ! _w 9 :i* we live is ! be/ ( possible worlds4 ,! limitation ( ! ,creator's p[] is made some:at m explicitly by ,plato1 :o reg>d$ ! _w z ! imp]fect realization ( a ,div9e ,idea t 9 itself is p]fect4 ,x is ow+ to ! intractabl5ess & vil5ess ( matt] t ! ,div9e ,idea f9ds itself s imp]fectly realiz$4 ,?us ! ,creator's p[] is limit$ by ! nature ( ! mat]ial out ( :i* he makes ! _w4 ,9 o!r words1 ! _w 9 :i* we live is ! be/ ! ,creator c\ld make out ( ! wret*$ mat]ial at 8 disposal4 ,?is ,platonic view is closely ak9 to t ( ,leibnitz1 b is express$ 9 su* wise z to l5d itself m readily to my?-mak+4 ,matt] is n only consid]$ z :at ,dr4 ,m>t9eau w\ld call a datum objective to ,god1 b x is end[$ ) a diabolical "* ( its own4 ,illu/ration ,,iii ,mani*ism & ,calv9ism ,x is b a /ep f ?is to ! complicat$ p]sonifications ( ,gno/icism1 ) its ,demiurgus1 or inf]ior _s t creat$ ! _w4 ,by "s ( ! ,gno/ics ! ,creator 0 held to be m]ely an inf]ior emanation f ,god1 a notion :i* _h a p[]ful indirect effect ^u ! %ap+ ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e 9 ! second & ?ird c5turies ( our era4 ,a simil> ?\ght appe>s 9 ! m\rnful "q ask$ by ,t5nyson's ,ar?ur3-- ,o me6 = :y is all ar\nd u "h ,z if "s less] god _h made ! _w ,& _h n =ce to %ape x z he w\ld8 ,b "s ,gno/ics w5t s f> z to hold t ! _w 0 orig9ally creat$ by ! ,devil1 & is to be gradually purifi$ & r$eem$ by ! b5efic5t p[] ( ,god z manife/$ ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,?is notion is j ! opposite to t ( ! ,v5didad1 :i* repres5ts ! _w z com+ into exi/5ce pure & p]fect1 only to be =?) defil$ by ! trail ( ! s]p5t ,ahriman4 ,9 bo? ^! oppos+ !ories ! div9e p[] is di/9ctly & av[$ly curtail$ by ! introduction ( a rival p[] t is diabolical2 ^u ?is po9t ,p>see & ,gno/ic are agre$4 ,di/9ct s\rces are po/ulat$ = ! evil & ! good4 ,! "o may be reg>d$ z inf9ite 9 goodness1 ! o!r z inf9ite 9 badness1 & ! _w 9 :i* we live is a product ( ! ev]la/+ conflict betwe5 ! two4 ,?is has be5 ! fundam5tal idea 9 all ,mani*an sy/ems1 & x is ne$less to say t x has always ex]t$ a mighty influ5ce ^u ,*ri/ian !ology4 ,! ,*ri/ian conception ( ! ,devil1 z reg>ds its deep] e?ical aspect1 has ow$ mu* to ! ,p>see conception ( ,ahriman4 ,x c h>dly be said1 h[ev]1 t !re has be5 any coh]5t1 closely reason$1 & g5]ally accept$ ,*ri/ian !ory ( ! subject4 ,! notions j m5tion$ are 9 !mselves too %ad[y & vague1 !y be> too pla9ly ! m>ks ( _! my?ologic p$igree1 to admit ( be+ work$ into su* a coh]5t & closely reason$ !ory4 ,*ri/ian ?\ght has simply play$ fa/ & loose ) ^! conceptions1 speak+ 9 "o brea? ( div9e omnipot5ce1 & 9 ! next allud+ to ! conflict betwe5 good & evil 9 language fraught ) ,mani*ism4 ,9 rec5t times ,mr4 ,john ,/u>t ,mill has %[n a m>k$ pref]5ce = ! ,mani*an view1 & has /at$ x ) cle>ness & consi/5cy1 because he is n hamp]$ by ! feel+ t he ought to rea* "o conclusion r ?an ano!r4 ,mr4 ,mill does n urge 8 view ^u ! read]1 nor ev5 def5d x z 8 own view1 b simply sugge/s x z p]haps ! view :i* is = ! !i/ mo/ free f difficulties & contradictions4 ,mr4 ,mill does n1 l ! ,mani*ans1 imag9e a p]sonifi$ pr9ciple ( evil2 nor does he1 l ,plato1 ent]ta9 a horror ( :at is sometimes1 ) amus+ vehem5ce1 /igmatiz$ z brute matt]4 ,he does n und]take to sugge/ h[ or :y ! div9e p[] is limit$2 b he di/9ctly pref]s ! alt]native :i* sacrifices ! attribute ( omnipot5ce 9 ord] to pres]ve 9 our conception ( ,deity ! attribute ( goodness4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,mill1 we may reg>d ! all-wise & holy ,deity z a creative en]gy t is p]petually at "w 9 elim9at+ evil f ! univ]se4 ,8 wisdom is p]fect1 8 goodness is inf9ite1 b 8 p[] is limit$ by "s inexplicable vici\sness 9 ! orig9al con/itution ( ?+s :i* x mu/ require a long succession ( ages to ov]come4 ,9 su* a view ,mr4 ,mill sees mu* t is ennobl+4 ,! humble/ human be+ :o resi/s an impulse to s91 or helps 9 ! slighte/ degree to leave ! _w bett] ?an he f\nd x1 may actually be reg>d$ z a p>ticipator 9 ! creative "w ( ,god2 & ?us ea* act ( human life acquires a solemn significance t is almo/ ov]:elm+ to contemplate4 ,^! sugge/ions ( ,mr4 ,mill are extremely int]e/+1 because he 0 ! la/ great mod]n ?9k] ^: e>ly tra9+ 0 n influ5c$ by t prodigi\s expansion ( sci5tific k :i*1 s9ce ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 has tak5 %ape 9 ! doctr9e ( evolution4 ,?is movem5t began e>ly en\gh to det]m9e ! intellectual c>e]s ( em95t ?9k]s born betwe5 #ahbj & #ahcj1 su* z ,sp5c] & ,huxley4 ,mr4 ,mill 0 a doz5 ye>s too old = ?is4 ,he 0 born at ne>ly ! same "t z ,mr4 ,d>w91 b 8 m5tal habits 7 =m$ too soon = him to pr(it fully by ! new movem5t ( ?\ght2 & al?\gh 8 attitude t[>d ! new ideas 0 hospitable1 !y nev] fructifi$ 9 8 m9d4 ,:ile 8 ?9k+ has be5 ( great value to ! _w1 mu* ( x belongs to an era :i* we h n[ left f> beh9d4 ,?is is illu/rat$ 9 ! degree to :i* he 0 influ5c$ by ! speculations ( ,augu/e ,comte4 ,probably no two lead]s ( ?\ght1 ^: dates ( bir? 7 sc>cely a qu>t] ( a c5tury ap>t1 7 ev] sep>at$ by su* a /up5d\s gulf z t :i* int]v5es betwe5 ,augu/e ,comte & ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 & ?is fact may s]ve z an index to ! rapidity ( movem5t :i* has *>act]iz$ ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,ano!r illu/ration ( ! old-fa%ion$ "* ( ,mill's philosophy is to be se5 9 8 use ( ,paley's argum5t f design 9 support ( ! belief 9 a b5efic5t ,creator4 ,mill adopt$ ?is argum5t1 &1 z a pr(ess$ free-?9k]1 c>ri$ x to ! logical conclusion f :i* ,paley1 z a *ur*man1 c\ld n b %r9k4 ,?is 0 ! conclusion :i* ,i h already m5tion$1 t ,god's creative p[] has be5 limit$ by "s inexplicable vici\sness 9 ! orig9al con/itution ( ?+s4 ,i feel z if "o c\ld n be too grateful to ,mr4 ,mill = hav+ s neatly & %>ply /at$1 9 mod]n language & ) mod]n illu/rations1 ?is old conclusion1 :i* aft] all is sub/antially t ( ,plato & ! ,gno/ics4 ,= ! %ock :i* su* a cle>1 bold /atem5t gives to our religi\s feel+s is no great] ?an ! %ock ) :i* x /rikes c\nt] to our mod]n sci5tific philosophy4 ,suppose we c\ld br+ back to e>? a ,calv9i/ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury & "q him4 ,he might well say t ! ,god :i* ,mr4 ,mill (f]s u1 %orn ( ! attribute ( omnipot5ce1 is no ,god at all4 ,he w\ld say ) ! ,hebrew prophet1 t ,god has creat$ ! evil along ) ! good1 & t he has done s = a purpose :i* human reason1 c\ld x once compreh5d all ! conditions ( ! case1 w\ld mo/ surely approve z inf9itely wise & holy4 ,our ,calv9i/ w\ld ask :o is responsible = ! orig9al con/itution ( ?+s if n ! ,creator himself1 & 9 suppos+ any?+ ess5tially vici\s 9 t con/itution1 h n ,plato & ! ,gno/ics & ! ,mani*ans & ,mr4 ,mill simply tak5 c\nsel ( _! ignorance8 ,nay1 m1 ! ,calv9i/ w\ld decl>e t if we really und]/ood ! univ]se ( :i* humanity is a "p1 we %\ld f9d sci5tific ju/ification = t supreme & victori\s fai? :i* cries1 ,?\gh he slay me1 yet w ,i tru/ 9 him6 ,! man :o has acquir$ su* fai? z ?is is ! true freeman ( ! univ]se1 clad 9 /\te/ coat ( mail aga9/ disa/] & sophi/ry1--! man :om no?+ c enslave1 & ^: gu]don is ! s]5e happ9ess t c nev] be tak5 away4 ,illu/ration ,,iv ,! ,dramatic ,unity ( ,nature ,n[ 9 ^! /rong ass]tions x seems to me t ! ,calv9i/ is mu* m ne>ly 9 accord ) our mod]n k ?an are ,plato & ,mill4 ,x is n wise to haz>d /atem5ts z to :at ! future may br+ =?1 b ,i d n see h[ ! dualism impli$ 9 all ^! attempts to ref] good & evil to diff]5t creative s\rces c ev] be s]i\sly ma9ta9$ aga94 ,! advance ( mod]n sci5ce c>ries u irresi/ibly to :at "s ,g]man philosoph]s call monism1 b ,i pref] to call x mono!ism4 ,9 gett+ rid ( ! ,devil & reg>d+ ! univ]se z ! multi=m manife/ation ( a s+le all-p]vad+ ,deity1 we become = ! fir/ "t pure & uncompromis+ mono!i/s1--believ]s 9 ! ev]-liv+1 un*angeable1 & all-wise ,heav5ly ,fa!r1 9 :om we may decl>e our tru/ )\t ! fa9te/ trace ( m5tal res]vation4 ,if we c truly take su* a position1 & hold x rationally1 x is ! mod]n sci5ce s apt to be decri$ by ! bats & owls ( or?odoxy t ju/ifies u 9 do+ s4 ,= :at is ! philosophic purport ( ^! beautiful & sublime discov]ies ) :i* ! ke5 insight & pati5t dilig5ce ( mod]n /ud5ts ( sci5ce are beg9n+ to be rew>d$8 ,:at is ! lesson t is taught alike by ! correlation ( =ces1 by spectrum analysis1 by ! revelations ( *emi/ry z to ! subtle behavi\r ( molecules inaccessible to ! eye ( s5se1 by ! a/ronomy t is beg9n+ to sket* ! physical hi/ory ( c\ntless suns 9 ! firmam5t1 by ! palontology :i* is sl[ly unravell+ ! wond]s ( pa/ life ^u ! e>? ?r\gh millions ( ages8 ,:at is ! gr& lesson t is taught by all ?is8 ,x is ! lesson ( ! unity ( nature4 ,to le>n x rightly is to le>n t all ! ?+s t we c see & "k1 9 ! c\rse ( our life 9 ?is _w1 are s intimately wov5 toge!r t no?+ c\ld be left out )\t r$uc+ ! :ole m>vell\s s*eme to *aos4 ,:atev] else may be true1 ! conviction is br\ght home to u t 9 all ?is endless multif>i\sness !re is "o s+le pr9ciple at "w1 t all is t5d+ t[>d an end t 0 involv$ f ! v beg9n+1 if "o c speak ( beg9n+s & ends :]e ! process is et]nal4 ,! :ole univ]se is animat$ by a s+le pr9ciple ( life1 & :atev] we see 9 x1 :e!r to our half-tra9$ und]/&+ & n>r[ exp]i5ce x may seem to be good or bad1 is an indisp5sable "p ( ! /up5d\s s*eme4 ,z ,ari/otle said1 s long ago1 9 "o ( ^? *>act]i/ic fla%es ( insight into ! he>t ( ?+s 9 :i* no "o has ev] excell$ him1 9 nature !re is no?+ t is out ( place or int]polat$1 z 9 an ill-con/ruct$ drama4 ,to-day we c beg9 to realize h[ mu* 0 impli$ 9 ?is prophetic h9t ( ,ari/otle's1 = we are =c$ to admit t :atev] may be ! function ( evil 9 ?is _w1 x is unque/ionably an indisp5sable function1 & n some?+ int]polat$ f )\t4 ,:atev] exi/s is "p ( ! dramatic :ole1 & ?is c quickly be prov$4 ,! goodness 9 ! _w--all t we love & praise & emulate--we are ready en\gh to admit into our s*eme ( ?+s1 & to re/ ^u x our belief 9 ,god4 ,! mis]y1 ! pa91 ! wick$ness1 we w\ld fa9 leave out4 ,b if !re 7 no su* ?+ z evil1 h[ c\ld !re be su* a ?+ z goodness8 ,or to put x some:at diff]5tly1 if we _h nev] kn[n any?+ b goodness1 h[ c\ld we ev] di/+ui% x f evil8 ,h[ c\ld we recognize x z good8 ,h[ w\ld its quality ( goodness 9 any wise int]e/ or conc]n u8 ,?is "q goes d[n to ! bottom ( ?+s1 = x appeals to ! fundam5tal conditions accord+ to :i* consci\s intellig5ce exi/s at all4 ,its answ] w !re=e be likely to help u4 ,x w n enable u to solve ! problem ( evil1 en%r\d$ z x is 9 a my/]y imp5etrable by f9ite intellig5ce1 b x w help u to /ate ! problem correctly2 & surely ?is is no small help4 ,9 ! m]e "w ( purify+ our intellectual vision !re is t :i* heals & soo!s u4 ,to le>n to see ?+s )\t di/ortion is to prep>e "o's self = tak+ ! _w 9 ! "r mood1 & 9 ?is we f9d /r5g? & consolation4 ,illu/ration ,v ,:at ,consci\s ,life is made ( ,to return to our "q1 h[ c\ld we h good )\t evil1 we mu/ pause = a mom5t & inquire into ! con/itution ( ! human m9d4 ,:at we call ! s\l1 ! m9d1 ! consci\s self1 is some?+ /range & wond]ful4 ,9 our ord9>y ef=ts to conceive x1 invisible & impalpable z x is1 we are apt to try s /r5u\sly to divorce x f ! notion ( sub/ance t x seems e!real1 unreal1 gho/like4 ,yet ( all realities ! s\l is ! mo/ solid1 s\nd1 & und5iable4 ,?\ghts & feel+s are ! fundam5tal facts f :i* !re is no escap+4 ,our :ole univ]se1 f ! s&s on ! sea%ore to ! flam+ suns t ?rong ! ,milky ,way1 is built up ( sights & s\nds1 ( ta/es & od\rs1 ( pleasures & pa9s1 ( s5sations ( motion & resi/ance ei!r felt directly or inf]r$4 ,?is is no gho/ly univ]se1 b all int5sely real z x exi/s 9 t int5se/ ( realities1 ! human s\l6 ,consci\sness1 ! s\l's fundam5tal fact1 is ! mo/ fundam5tal ( facts4 ,b a truly m>vell\s affair is consci\sness6 ,! mo/ g5]al tru? t we c ass]t ) reg>d to x is ?is1 t x exi/s only by virtue ( incessant *ange4 ,a /ate ( consci\sness t %\ld cont9ue ?r\gh an appreciable int]val ( "t )\t und]go+ *ange w\ld n be a /ate ( consci\sness4 ,x w\ld be unconsci\sness4 ,?is p]petual *ange1 !n1 is :at makes consci\s life4 ,x is only by virtue ( ?is endless procession ( fleet+ phases ( consci\sness t ! human s\l exi/s at all4 ,x is ?us t we are made4 ,:y we %\ld h be5 made ?us is a "q aim+ s f> beyond our k5 t x is idle to ask x4 ,we might z well inquire :e!r ,inf9ite ,p[] c\ld h made twice two equal five4 ,we mu/ re/ cont5t ) kn[+ t x is ?us we 7 creat$2 x is ?us t ! human s\l exi/s4 ,j z dynamic a/ronomy re/s ^u ! law ( gravitation1 j z physics is bas$ ^u ! prop]ties ( waves1 s ! mod]n sci5ce ( m9d has be5 built ^u ! fundam5tal tru? t consci\sness exi/s only by virtue ( unceas+ *ange4 ,our consci\s life is a /ream ( v>y+ psy*ical /ates :i* quickly foll[ "o ano!r 9 a p]petual %imm]1 ) nev] an in/ant ( re/4 ,! elem5t>y psy*ical /ates1 inde$1 lie bel[ consci\sness1 or1 z we say1 !y are sub-consci\s4 ,we may call ^! primitive pulsations ! psy*ical molecules out ( :i* are comp\nd$ ! feel+s & ?\ghts t well up into ! full /ream ( consci\sness4 ,j z 9 *emi/ry we expla9 ! qualitative diff]5ces among ?+s z due to div]sities ( arrangem5t among comp\nd$ molecules & atoms1 s 9 psy*ology we h come to see t ?\ghts & feel+s 9 all _! endless v>iety are div]sely comp\nd$ ( sub-consci\s psy*ical molecules4 ,musical s\nds furni% u ) a simple & famili> illu/ration ( ?is4 ,:5 ! s\nds ( taps or bl[s imp+e ^u ! e> sl[ly1 at ! rate ( n m ?an sixte5 9 a second1 !y are cogniz$ z sep>ate & non-musical noises4 ,:5 !y pass beyond t rate ( spe$1 !y are cogniz$ z a cont9u\s musical tone ( v l[ pit*2 a /ate ( consci\sness :i* seems simple1 b :i* we n[ see is really comp\nd4 ,z ! spe$ ( ! bl[s increases1 fur!r qualitative diff]5ces arise2 ! musical tone rises 9 pit* until x becomes too acute = ! e> to cognize1 & ?us vani%es f consci\sness4 ,b ?is is f> f be+ ! :ole /ory2 = ! s]ies ( bl[s or pulsations make n only a s+le vivid fundam5tal tone1 b also a multif>i\s companion gr\p ( fa9t] ov]tones1 & ! div]se bl5d+ ( ^! fa9t h>monics con/itutes ! :ole diff]5ce 9 tone quality betwe5 ! piano & ! flute1 ! viol9 & ! trumpet1 or any o!r in/rum5ts4 ,if y take up a viol9 & s\nd ! ,f "o octave above ! treble /aff1 !re are produc$1 9 ! c\rse ( a s+le second1 sev]al ?\s& psy*ical /ates :i* toge!r make up ! s5sation ( pit*1 fifty-five times z _m psy*ical /ates :i* toge!r make up ! s5sation ( tone quality1 & an imm5se numb] ( o!r psy*ical /ates :i* toge!r make up ! s5sation ( int5sity4 ,^! psy*ical /ates are n1 9 any /rict s5se ( ! t]m1 /ates ( consci\sness2 = if !y 7 to rise individually into consci\sness1 ! result w\ld be an imm5se multitude ( s5sations1 & n a s+le app>5tly homog5e\s s5sation4 ,!re is no alt]native b to conclude t 9 ?is case a seem+ly simple /ate ( consci\sness is 9 reality comp\nd$ ( an imm5se multitude ( sub-consci\s psy*ical *anges4 ,n[1 :at is ?us true 9 ! case ( musical s\nds is equally true ( all /ates ( consci\sness :atev]1 bo? ^? t we call intellectual & ^? t we call emotional4 ,all are highly comp\nd$ aggregates ( innum]able m9ute sub-consci\s psy*ical pulsations1 if we may s call !m4 ,9 e /ream ( human consci\sness t we call a s\l ea* second ( "t witnesses ?\s&s ( inf9itely small *anges1 9 :i* "o fleet+ gr\p ( pulsations 9 ! primordial m9d-/uff gives place to ano!r & a diff]5t b equally fleet+ gr\p4 ,ea* gr\p is unlike its imm$iate pr$ecessor4 ,! abs5ce ( diff]5ce w\ld be cont9uance1 & cont9uance means /agnation1 blankness1 negation1 dea?4 ,t ceaseless flutt]1 9 :i* ! qu9tesc5ce ( consci\s life consi/s1 is kept up by ! p]petual introduction ( ! relations ( lik5ess & unlik5ess4 ,ea* "o ( ! inf9itesimal *anges is a little act ( discrim9ation1 a recognition ( a unit ( feel+ z ei!r l or unlike "s o!r unit ( feel+4 ,s 9 ^! dep?s ( ! s\l's life ! arrangem5ts & re-arrangem5ts ( units g on1 :ile on ! surface ! results appe> f mom5t to mom5t 9 s5sations ke5 or dull1 9 p]ceptions cle> or vague1 9 judgm5ts wise or fooli%1 9 memories gay or sad1 9 sordid or l(ty tra9s ( ?\ght1 9 gu/s ( ang] or ?rills ( love4 ,! :ole fabric ( human ?\ght & human emotion is built up out ( m9ute sub-consci\s discrim9ations ( lik5esses & unlik5esses1 j z mu* z ! mat]ial _w 9 all its beauty is built up out ( undulations among invisible molecules4 ,illu/ration ,,vi ,)\t ! ,elem5t ( ,antagonism !re c\ld be no ,consci\sness1 & !re=e no ,_w ,we may n[ come up out ( ^! dep?s1 accessible only to ! plummet ( psy*ologic analysis1 & move ) some:at fre] gait 9 ! region ( common & famili> exp]i5ces4 ,x is an und5iable fact t we _c "k any?+ :atev] except z contra/$ ) some?+ else4 ,! contra/ may be bold & %>p1 or x may dw9dle into a slight discrim9ation1 b x mu/ be !re4 ,if ! figures on y\r canvas are indi/+ui%able f ! backgr\nd1 !re is surely no picture to be se54 ,"s elem5t ( unlik5ess1 "s g]m ( antagonism1 "s *ance = discrim9ation1 is ess5tial to e act ( kn[+4 ,i might h illu/rat$ ?is po9t concretely )\t all ! =ego+ explanation1 b ,i h aim$ at pay+ x ! respect due to its va/ importance4 ,i h wi%$ to %[ h[ ! fact t we _c "k any?+ :atev] except z contra/$ ) some?+ else is a fact t is deeply root$ 9 ! inn]mo/ /ructure ( ! human m9d4 ,x is n a sup]ficial b a fundam5tal tru?1 t if !re 7 no col\r b r$ x w\ld be exactly ! same ?+ z if !re 7 no col\r at all4 ,9 a _w ( unqualifi$ r$ness1 our /ate ( m9d ) reg>d to col\r w\ld be precisely l our /ate ( m9d 9 ! pres5t _w ) reg>d to ! pressure ( ! atmosph]e if we 7 always to /ay 9 "o place4 ,we are always be>+ up aga9/ ! burd5 ( ?is deep a]ial ocean1 ne>ly fifte5 p\nds ^u e squ>e in* ( our bodies2 b until we c get a *ance to discrim9ate1 z by climb+ a m\nta91 we are q unconsci\s ( ?is heavy pressure4 ,9 ! same way1 if we knew b "o col\r we %\ld "k no col\r4 ,if our e>s 7 to be fill$ ) "o monoton\s ro> ( ,niag>a1 unbrok5 by ali5 s\nds1 ! effect ^u consci\sness w\ld be absolute sil5ce4 ,if our palates _h nev] come 9 contact ) any ta/eful ?+ save sug>1 we %\ld "k no m ( sweetness ?an ( bitt]ness4 ,if we _h nev] felt physical pa91 we c\ld n recognize physical pleasure4 ,= want ( ! contra/$ backgr\nd its pleasurabl5ess w\ld be non-exi/5t4 ,& 9 j ! same way x foll[s t )\t kn[+ t :i* is morally evil we c\ld n possibly recognize t :i* is morally good4 ,( ^! antagoni/ correlatives1 ! "o is un?9kable 9 ! abs5ce ( ! o!r4 ,9 a s9less & pa9less _w1 human conduct might possess m outw>d m>ks ( p]fection ?an any sa9t ev] dream$ (2 b ! moral elem5t w\ld be lack+2 ! goodness w\ld h no m significance 9 our consci\s life ?an t load ( atmosph]e :i* we are always c>ry+ ab\t ) u4 ,we are ?us br\ght to a /rik+ conclusion1 ! ess5tial s\ndness ( :i* _c be ga9said4 ,9 a happy _w !re mu/ be sorr[ & pa91 & 9 a moral _w ! k ( evil is indisp5sable4 ,! /]n necessity = ?is has be5 prov$ to inh]e 9 ! inn]mo/ con/itution ( ! human s\l4 ,x is "p & p>cel ( ! univ]se4 ,to him :o is dispos$ to cavil at ! _w :i* ,god has 9 su* wise creat$1 we may fairly put ! "q :e!r ! prospect ( escape f its ills w\ld ev] induce him to put (f ?is human consci\sness1 & accept 9 ex*ange "s =m ( exi/5ce unkn[n & inconceivable6 ,! alt]native is cle>3 on ! "o h& a _w ) s9 & suff]+1 on ! o!r h& an un?9kable _w 9 :i* consci\s life does n involve contra/4 ,! pr(\nd tru? ( ,ari/otle's rem>k is ?us m =cibly ?an ev] br\ght home to u4 ,we d n f9d t evil has be5 int]polat$ into ! univ]se f )\t2 we f9d t1 on ! contr>y1 x is an indisp5sable "p ( ! dramatic :ole4 ,god is ! creator ( evil1 & f ! et]nal s*eme ( ?+s diabolism is =ev] exclud$4 ,ormuzd & ,ahriman h _h _! day & p]i%$1 along ) ! doctr9e ( special creations & o!r fancies ( ! untutor$ human m9d4 ,f our pres5t /&po9t we may fairly ask1 ,:at w\ld h be5 ! wor? ( t primitive innoc5ce portray$ 9 ! my? ( ! g>d5 ( ,ed51 _h x ev] be5 realiz$ 9 ! life ( m58 ,:at w\ld h be5 ! moral value or significance ( a race ( human be+s ignorant ( s91 & do+ b5efic5t acts ) no m consci\sness or volition ?an ! deftly contriv$ ma*9e t picks up raw mat]ial at "o end1 & turns out "s f9i%$ product at ! o!r8 ,cle>ly1 = /rong & resolute m5 & wom5 an ,ed5 w\ld be b a fool's p>adise4 ,h[ c\ld any?+ fit to be call$ "* h ev] be5 produc$ !re8 ,b = ta/+ ! =bidd5 fruit1 9 :at respect c\ld man h become a be+ ( high] ord] ?an ! bea/s ( ! field8 ,an int]e/+ "q is ?is1 = x leads u to consid] ! g5esis ( ! idea ( moral evil 9 man4 ,illu/ration ,,vii ,a ,^w ( ,caution ,be=e we ent] ^u ?is topic a ^w ( caution may be ne$$4 ,i d n wi% ! purpose ( ! =ego+ que/ions to be misund]/ood4 ,! s]ial nature ( human ?9k+ & speak+ makes x impossible to express "o's ?\ght on any great subject 9 a solid block2 "o mu/ ne$s give x =? 9 consecutive fragm5ts1 s t p>ts ( x run ! risk ( be+ lo/ ^u ! read] or he>]1 :ile o!r p>ts are made to assume undue proportions4 ,moreov]1 !re are _m m9ds t habitually cat* at ! fragm5ts ( a ?\ght1 & nev] seize x 9 ! block2 & 9 su* mann] d /range misconceptions arise4 ,i nev] c\ld h dream$1 until taught by droll exp]i5ce1 t ! =ego+ allusions to ! g>d5 ( ,ed5 c\ld be und]/ood z a glorification ( s91 & an invitation to my fell[-m5 to come =? ) me & be wick$6 ,b ev5 s x 01 on "o occasion :5 ,i 0 try+1 some:at m scantily ?an "h1 to /ate ! pres5t case4 ,9 ! mid/ ( my endeav\r to ju/ify ! gr& _s ( fai? :i* our fa!rs %[$ :5 f abysmal dep?s ( affliction !y nev] fail$ to cry t ,god doe? all ?+s well1 ,i 0 sudd5ly int]rupt$ ) qu]ies z to j :at p]c5tage ( s9 & crime ,i reg>d$ z ne$ful = ! moral equilibrium ( ! univ]se2 h[ mu* did ,i propose to commit myself1 h[ mu* w\ld ,i advise p 9 g5]al to commit1 & j :]e w\ld ,i h !m /op6 ,o!rs deem$ x necess>y to rem9d me t !re is already too mu* suff]+ 9 ! _w1 & we ought n to seek to increase x2 t ! diff]5ce betwe5 "r & wrong is ( great practical importance2 & t if we try to treat evil z good we %all make good no bett] ?an evil4 ,:5 "o has suffici5tly recov]$ "o's gravity1 x is p]missible to reply to su* criticisms t ! %>p anti!sis betwe5 good & evil is ess5tial to e /ep ( my argum5t1 :i* w\ld entirely collapse if ! antagonism 7 = "o mom5t disreg>d$4 ,! quantity ( suff]+ 9 ! _w is unque/ionably s great z to prompt u to d all 9 our p[] to dim9i% x2 su* we %all pres5tly see mu/ be ! case 9 a _w t proce$s ?r\gh /ages ( evolution4 ,:5 "o rev]5tly assumes t x 0 ?r\gh "s all-wise & holy purpose t s9 0 p]mitt$ to come into ! _w1 x ought to be q sup]flu\s to add t ! fulfilm5t ( any su* purpose dem&s t s9 be n *]i%$1 b suppress$4 ,if "o seeks1 z a philosoph]1 to expla9 & ju/ify ,god's :olesale use ( dea? 9 ! g5]al economy ( ! univ]se1 is "o =soo? to be *>g$ ) prais+ murd] z a f9e art & ) seek+ to f\nd a society ( ,?ugs8 ,illu/ration ,,viii ,! ,h]mit & ! ,angel ,! simple-he>t$ monks ( ! ,middle ,ages und]/ood1 9 _! own qua9t way1 t ,god's me?ods ( gov]n+ ?is univ]se are n always fit to be imitat$ by 8 f9ite creatures4 ,9 "o ( ! old /ories t furni%$ ent]ta9m5t & in/ruction = ! cloi/] x is said t a h]mit & an angel once j\rney$ toge!r4 ,! angel 0 9 human =m & g>b1 b _h told 8 companion ! secret ( 8 exalt$ rank & nature4 ,com+ at nightfall to a humble h\se by ! wayside1 ! two travell]s crav$ %elt] = ! love ( ,god4 ,a da9ty supp] & a s(t1 w>m b$ 7 giv5 !m1 & 9 ! middle ( ! night ! angel arose & /rangl$ ! k9d ho/'s infant son1 :o 0 quietly sleep+ 9 8 cradle4 ,! good h]mit 0 p>alyz$ ) amazem5t & horror1 b d>$ n speak a ^w4 ,! next night ! two comrades 7 ent]ta9$ at a f9e mansion 9 ! city1 :]e ! angel /ole ! sup]b gold5 cup f :i* 8 ho/ _h quaff$ w9e at d9n]4 ,next day1 :ile cross+ ! bridge ov] a deep & rapid /ream1 a pilgrim met ! travell]s4 ,can/ ?\ %[ u1 good fa!r1 said ! angel1 ! way to ! next t[n8 ,z ! pilgrim turn$ to po9t x out1 ?is t]rible be+ caught him by ! %\ld] & flung him into ! riv] to dr[n4 ,v]ily1 ?\ght ! poor h]mit1 x is a devil t ,i h "h ) me1 & all 8 works are evil2 b fe> held 8 tongue1 & ! twa9 f>$ on _! way till ! sun _h set & sn[ began to fall1 & ! h[l+ ( wolves 0 he>d 9 ! =e/ h>d by4 ,pres5tly ! bright light com+ f a *e]ful w9d[ gave hope ( a welcome refuge2 b ! surly ma/] ( ! h\se turn$ ! travell]s away f 8 door ) curses & f\l gibes4 ,yond] is my pig-/y = dirty vagrants l y4 ,s !y pass$ t night among ! sw9e2 & 9 ! morn+ ! angel w5t to ! h\se & ?ank$ ! ma/] = 8 hospitality1 & gave him = a keepsake 7?rifty angel67 ! /ol5 goblet4 ,!n did ! h]mit's wra? & disgu/ ov]come 8 fe>s1 & he l\dly upbraid$ 8 companion4 ,get !e gone1 wret*$ _s6 he cri$4 ,i w h no m ( !e4 ,?\ pret5de/ to be a mess5g] f heav51 yet ?\ requite/ good ) evil1 & evil ) good6 ,!n did ! angel look ^u him ) inf9ite compassion 9 8 eyes4 ,li/51 said he1 %ort-sight$ mortal4 ,! bir? ( t infant son _h made ! fa!r covet\s1 break+ ,god's comm&m5ts 9 ord] to heap up treasures :i* ! boy1 if he _h liv$1 w\ld h wa/$ 9 idle debau*]y4 ,by my act1 :i* seem$ s cruel1 ,i sav$ bo? p>5t & *ild4 ,! own] ( ! goblet _h once be5 ab/emi\s1 b 0 fa/ becom+ a sot2 ! loss ( 8 cup has set him to ?9k+1 & he w m5d 8 ways4 ,! poor pilgrim1 unkn[n to himself1 0 ab\t to commit a mortal s91 :5 ,i int]f]$ & s5t 8 unsulli$ s\l to heav54 ,z = ! wret* :o drove ,god's *ildr5 f 8 door1 he is1 inde$1 pleas$ = ! mom5t ) ! bauble ,i left 9 8 h&s2 b h]eaft] he w burn 9 hell4 ,s spoke ! angel2 & :5 he _h he>d ^! words ! h]mit b[$ 8 v5]able head & murmur$1 ,=give me1 ,"l1 t 9 my ignorance ,i misjudg$ !e4 ,i suspect t1 ) all our boa/$ sci5ce1 !re is /ill mu* wisdom = u 9 ! humble *ildlike piety ( ! ,ge/a ,romanorum4 ,to say t ! ways ( ,provid5ce are inscrutable is /ill some?+ m ?an an idle platitude1 & !re /ill is room = ! belief t1 c\ld we raise ! veil t en%r\ds et]nal tru?1 we %\ld see t beh9d nature's cruele/ works !re are secret spr+s ( div9e/ t5d]ness & love4 ,9 ?is tru/ful mood we may n[ return to ! "q z to ! g5esis ( ! idea ( moral evil1 & its close connection ) man's rise f a /ate ( primeval innoc5ce4 ,illu/ration ,,ix ,man's ,rise f ! ,innoc5ce ( ,brutehood ,we h fir/ to note t 9 v>i\s ways ! action ( natural selection has be5 pr(\ndly modifi$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! developm5t ( mank9d f a race ( inf]ior creatures4 ,"o ( ! *ief factors 9 ! production ( man 0 ! *ange t occurr$ 9 ! direction ( ! work+ ( natural selection1 :]eby 9 ! l9e ( man's direct ance/ry ! v>iations 9 intellig5ce came to be seiz$ ^u1 *]i%$1 & enhanc$1 to ! comp>ative neglect ( v>iations 9 bodily /ructure4 ,! physical diff]5ces betwe5 man & ape are less important ?an ! physical diff]5ces betwe5 ,african & ,s\? ,am]ican apes4 ,! latt] belong to diff]5t zological families1 b ! =m] d n4 ,zologically1 man is simply "o g5us 9 ! old-_w family ( apes4 ,psy*ologically1 he has travell$ s f> f apes t ! di/ance is sc>cely measurable4 ,?is transc5d5t contra/ is prim>ily due to ! *ange 9 ! direction ( ! work+ ( natural selection4 ,! consequ5ces ( ?is *ange 7 num]\s & f>-rea*+4 ,"o consequ5ce 0 t gradual l5g!n+ ( ! pla/ic p]iod ( infancy :i* enabl$ man to became a progressive creature1 & organiz$ ! primeval semi-human horde into def9ite family gr\ps4 ,i h else:]e exp\nd$ ?is po9t1 & x is kn[n z my own especial contribution to ! !ory ( evolution4 ,ano!r associat$ consequ5ce1 :i* "h m closely conc]ns u1 0 ! p>tial /oppage ( ! process ( natural selection 9 rem$y+ unfitness4 ,a quotation f ,h]b]t ,sp5c] w help u to und]/& ?is p>tial /oppage3 ,z fa/ z ! faculties are multipli$1 s fa/ does x become possible = ! sev]al memb]s ( a species to h v>i\s k9ds ( sup]iorities ov] "o ano!r4 ,:ile "o saves its life by high] spe$1 ano!r does ! l by cle>] vision1 ano!r by ke5] sc5t1 ano!r by quick] he>+1 ano!r by great] /r5g?1 ano!r by unusual p[] ( endur+ cold or hung]1 ano!r by special sagacity1 ano!r by special timidity1 ano!r by special c\rage4444 ,n[ 444 ea* ( ^! attributes1 giv+ its possessor an extra *ance ( life1 is likely to be transmitt$ to po/]ity4 ,b x is n ne>ly s likely to be increas$ by natural selection4 ,= if ^? memb]s ( ! species :i* h b ord9>y or ev5 defici5t %>es ( "s valuable attribute nev]!less survive by virtue ( o!r sup]iorities :i* !y sev]ally possess1 !n x is n easy to see h[ ?is p>ticul> attribute c be enhanc$ 9 subsequ5t g5]ations by natural selection4#b ,^! consid]ations apply especially to ! human race ) its multitud9\s capacities1 & ,i c bett] expla9 ! case by a crude & imp]fect illu/ration ?an by a detail$ & elaborate /atem5t4 ,if an individual antelope falls bel[ ! av]age ( ! h]d 9 spe$1 he is sure to become food = lions1 & ?us ! high av]age ( spe$ 9 ! h]d is ma9ta9$ by natural selection4 ,b if an individual man becomes a drunk>d1 ?\gh 8 capabilities be ev] s mu* curtail$ by ?is vice1 yet ! v>iety ( human faculty furni%es s _m hooks ) :i* to keep "o's hold ^u life t he may s9 long & flagrantly )\t p]i%+2 & if ! drunk>d survives1 ! action ( natural selection 9 we$+ out drunk5ness is *eck$4 ,!re is ?us a wide int]val betwe5 ! highe/ & l[e/ degrees ( complet5ess 9 liv+ t are compatible ) ma9t5ance ( life4 ,mank9d has s _m o!r qualities beside ! bad ones1 :i* enable x to subsi/ & a*ieve progress 9 spite ( !m1 t natural selection--:i* always works ?r\gh dea?--_c come into play4 ,n[ x is because ( ?is int]val betwe5 ! highe/ & l[e/ degrees ( complet5ess ( liv+ t are compatible ) ! m]e ma9t5ance ( life1 t m5 c be di/+ui%$ z morally bad or morally good4 ,9 inf]ior animals1 :]e !re is no su* int]val1 !re is no develop$ morality or consci5ce1 ?\gh 9 a few ( ! high] ones !re are ! g]ms ( ^! ?+s4 ,morality comes ^u ! sc5e :5 !re is an alt]native (f]$ ( lead+ bett] lives or worse lives4 ,& j z up to ?is po9t ! actions ( ! =efa!rs ( mank9d h be5 det]m9$ by ! pursuit ( pleasure & avoidance ( pa91 s n[ !y beg9 to be practically det]m9$ by ! pursuit ( goodness & avoidance ( evil4 ,?is rise f a be/ial to a moral plane ( exi/5ce involves ! acquirem5t ( ! k ( good & evil4 ,consci5ce is g5]at$ to play a "p analog\s to t play$ by ! s5se ( pa9 9 ! l[] /ages ( life1 & to keep u f wrong do+4 ,to ! m]e love ( life1 :i* is ! cons]vative =ce t keeps ! :ole animal _w 9 exi/5ce1 !re n[ comes gradually to be sup]add$ ! feel+ ( religi\s aspiration1 :i* is no?+ m nor less ?an ! ye>n+ aft] ! highe/ possible complet5ess ( spiritual life4 ,9 ! l[] /ages ( human developm5t ?is religi\s aspiration has z yet b an embryonic exi/5ce1 & moral obligations are /ill b imp]fectly recogniz$4 ,x is only aft] long ages ( social discipl9e1 fraught ) cruel afflictions & gr9d+ mis]y1 t ! moral law becomes dom9ant & religi\s aspiration int5se & abid+ 9 ! s\l4 ,:5 su* a /age is rea*$1 we h at la/ 9 man a creature diff]5t 9 k9d f 8 pr$ecessors1 & fit = an ev]la/+ life ( progress1 = a clos] & clos] communion ) ,god 9 beatitude t %all endure4 ,,footnotes3 #b ,biology1 i4 #ded4 ,illu/ration ,x ,! ,relativity ( ,evil ,z we survey ! c\rse ( ?is wond]ful evolution1 x beg9s to become manife/ t moral evil is simply ! *>act]i/ic ( ! l[] /ate ( liv+ z look$ at f ! high] /ate4 ,its exi/5ce is purely relative1 yet x is pr(\ndly real1 & 9 a process ( p]petual spiritual evolution its pres5ce 9 "s hide\s =m ?r\gh\t a long s]ies ( upw>d /ages is indisp5sable4 ,its abs5ce w\ld mean /agnation1 quiesc5ce1 unprogressiv5ess4 ,= ! mom5t we ex]cise consci\s *oice betwe5 "o c\rse ( action & ano!r1 we recognize ! diff]5ce betwe5 bett] & worse1 we =e%ad[ ! :ole gr& contra/ betwe5 good & bad4 ,9 ! process ( spiritual evolution1 !re=e1 evil mu/ ne$s be pres5t4 ,b ! nature ( evolution also requires t x %\ld be evanesc5t4 ,9 ! high] /ages t :i* is worse ?an ! be/ ne$ no long] be positively bad4 ,aft] ! nature ( t :i* ! upw>d-/riv+ s\l abhors has be5 =ev] impress$ ^u x1 amid ! long vicissitudes ( its pilgrimage ?r\gh ! d>k realms ( s9 & expiation1 x is at l5g? equipp$ = its f9al soj\rn ,9 ! ble/ k+doms meek ( joy & love4 ,f ! g5]al analogies furni%$ 9 ! process ( evolution1 we are entitl$ to hope t1 z x approa*es its goal & man comes ne>] to ,god1 ! fact ( evil w lapse into a m]e memory1 9 :i* ! %ad[$ pa/ %all s]ve z a backgr\nd = ! realiz$ glory ( ! pres5t4 ,?us we h arriv$ at ! goal ( my argum5t4 ,we c at lea/ beg9 to realize di/9ctly t unless our eyes _h be5 op5$ at "s "t1 s t we might come to "k ! good & ! evil1 we %\ld nev] h become fa%ion$ 9 ,god's image4 ,we %\ld h be5 ! d5iz5s ( a _w ( puppets1 :]e nei!r morality nor religion c\ld h f\nd place or mean+4 ,! my/]y ( evil rema9s a my/]y /ill1 b x is no long] a h>% dissonance su* z greet$ ! poet's e> :5 ! doors ( hell 7 ?r[n op52 = we see t ?is my/]y belongs among ! pr(\nd h>monies 9 ,god's creation4 ,?is reflection may h 9 x some?+ t is consol+ z we look =? ^u ! ills ( ! _w4 ,_m are ! pa9s ( life1 & ! /ruggle ) wick$ness is h>d2 its c\rse is m>k$ ) sorr[ & te>s4 ,b assur$ly its deep impress ^u ! human s\l is ! indisp5sable backgr\nd aga9/ :i* %all be set h]eaft] ! et]nal joys ( heav56 ,,! ,,cosmic ,,roots ,,( ,,love ,,& ,,self-,,sacrifice ,o abbondante grazia1 ond' io presunsi ,ficc> lo viso p] la luce et]na ,tanto1 *e la v$uta vi consunsi6 ,nel suo pr(ondo vidi *e s' int]na1 ,legato con amore 9 un volume1 ,ci *e p] l' univ]so si squad]na4 ,,dante1 ,p>adiso1 xxxiii4 #hb4 ,illu/ration ,i ,! ,summ] ,field1 & :at x tells u ,!re are few sights 9 ,nature m re/ful to ! s\l ?an a daisi$ field 9 ,june4 ,:e!r x be at ! dewy h\r ( sunrise1 ) bli! mat9 songs /ill e*o+ among ! treetops1 or :ile ! luxuriant spl5d\r ( noontide fills ! delicate t9ts ( ! e>ly foliage ) a pure glory ( light1 or 9 t m p5sive "t :5 long %ad[s are ?r[n ea/w>d & ! fre% brea? ( ! sea is felt1 or ev5 "u ! solemn mantle ( d>kness1 :5 all =ms h fad$ f sight & ! night air is musical ) ! murmurs ( innum]able insects1 amid all ! v>y+ moods ?r\gh :i* ! daily cycle runs1 ! abid+ s5se is ( unalloy$ happ9ess1 ! pr(\nd tranquillity ( m9d & he>t t no?+ ev] br+s save ! contemplation ( p]fect beauty4 ,"o's ?\ght is c>ri$ back = ! mom5t to t morn+ ( ! _w :5 ,god look$ ^u 8 "w & saw t x 0 good4 ,if 9 ! inf9ite & et]nal ,creative ,en]gy "o might imag9e "s inh]5t impulse p]petually urg+ t[>d fre% creation1 :at c\ld x be m likely to be ?an ! div9e cont5tm5t 9 giv+ objective exi/5ce to ! b\ndless & subtle h>monies :]e( our _w is made8 ,t x is a _w ( p]fect h>mony & unsulli$ beauty1 :o c d\bt z he /rolls ?r\gh ?is summ] field8 ,z our ?\ght plays lightly ) its sights & s\nds1 !re is no?+ b gladness 9 ! laugh ( ! bobol9k2 ! ?ru%'s t5d] note tells only ( ! sweet dome/ic companion%ip ( ! ne/2 creep+ & w+$ ?+s em]g+ f _! grubs fill u ) ! s5se ( ab\nd+ life2 & ! myriad butt]cups1 hall[$ ) vague memories ( ,june days 9 *ildhood1 lose none ( _! *>m 9 rem9d+ u ( ! pr(\nd sympa?y & mutual dep5d5ce 9 :i* ! worlds ( fl[]s & insects h gr[n up4 ,! blades ( wav+ grass1 ! flutt]+ leaves ^u ! lilac bu%1 appeal to u ) r>e fasc9ation2 = ! gre5 /uff t fills _! cellul> tissues1 & ! tissues ( all gre5 ?+s t gr[1 is ! _w's great inimitable work] ( wond]s2 its m>vell\s al*emy takes dead matt] & brea!s into x ! brea? ( life4 ,b = t magician *lorophyll1 conjur+ ) sunbeams1 su* ?+s z animal life & consci\s intellig5ce w\ld be impossible2 !re w\ld be no problems ( creation1 nor philosoph] to speculate ^u !m4 ,?us ! delight t s5se impression gives1 z we w&] among butt]cups & daisies1 becomes deep5$ into gratitude & v5]ation1 till we q und]/& h[ ! rejuv5esc5ce ( ,nature %\ld 9 all ages h ar\s$ m5 to acts ( wor%ip1 & %\ld call =? f mod]n ma/]s ( music1 ! mo/ religi\s ( ! arts ( expression1 outbur/s ( sublime/ song4 ,& yet we ne$ b come a little clos] to ! facts to f9d !m app>5tly tell+ u a v diff]5t /ory4 ,! mom5t we p5etrate bel[ ! sup]ficial aspect ( ?+s ! sc5e is *ang$4 ,9 ! folklore ( ,irel& !re is a widespread belief 9 a fairyl& ( et]nal hope & brightness & y\? situat$ a little way bel[ ! roots ( ! grass4 ,f t l& ( ,tir nan ,og1 z ! peasants call x1 ! secret spr+s ( life %oot =? _! scions 9 ?is visible _w1 & ?i!r a few fav\r$ mortals h n[ & !n f\nd _! way4 ,x is into no ble/ c\ntry ( ,tir nan ,og t our /]n sci5ce leads u1 b into a sc5e ( ugl9ess & hatr$1 /rife & massacre4 ,macaulay tells ( ! battlefield ( ,ne]w9d51 t ! next summ] aft] t frightful slaught] ! :ole c\ntryside 0 d5sely cov]$ ) sc>let poppies1 :i* p beheld ) awe z a tok5 ( wra? 9 heav5 ov] ! de$s wr\ght on e>? by human passions4 ,any summ] field1 ?\gh mantl$ 9 s(te/ gre51 is ! sc5e ( but*]y z :olesale z t ( ,ne]w9d5 & f> m ru?less4 ,! life ( its c\ntless t9y d5iz5s is "o ( unceas+ toil1 ( cr[d+ & jo/l+1 :]e ! weak] fall unpiti$ by ! way1 ( />vation f hung] & cold1 ( robb]y utt]ly %ameless & murd] utt]ly cruel4 ,t gre5 sw>d 9 tak+ possession ( its t]ritory has ext]m9at$ scores ( fl[]+ plants ( ! sort t human economics & /hetics /igmatize z we$s2 nor d ! blades ( ! victori\s army dwell side by side 9 amity1 b 9 _! eag]ness to dally ) ! sunbeams ?ru/ aside & supplant "o ano!r )\t ! smalle/ compunction4 ,( ! crawl+ insects & ^? t hum ?r\gh ! air1 ) ! qua9t snail1 ! burr[+ worm1 ! bloat$ toad1 sc>ce "o 9 a hundr$ b succumbs to ! buffets ( adv]se =tune be=e x has a*iev$ maturity & left (fspr+ to replace x4 ,! e>ly bird1 :o w5t =? 9 que/ ( ! worm1 0 lucky if at ! close ( a day z full ( /rife & p]il z ev] knight-errant enc\nt]$1 he did n himself s]ve z a meal = "s giant foe 9 ! gloam+4 ,:5 we ?9k ( ! hawk's talons buri$ 9 ! brea/ ( ! wr51 :ile ! rel5tless beak te>s ! little w+s f ! quiv]+1 ble$+ body1 our mood t[>d ,nature is *ang$1 & we feel l recoil+ f a _w 9 :i* su* black inju/ice1 su* savage disreg>d = o!rs1 is "p ( ! g5]al s*eme4 ,illu/ration ,,ii ,seem+ ,wa/efulness ( ! ,cosmic ,process ,b z we look /ill fur!r into ! matt]1 our mood is *ang$ once m4 ,we f9d t ?is hide\s hatr$ & /rife1 ?is :olesale fam9e & dea?1 furni% ! indisp5sable conditions = ! evolution ( high] & high] types ( life4 ,nay m1 b = ! pitiless de/ruction ( all individuals t fall %ort ( a c]ta9 degree ( fitness to ! circum/ances ( life into :i* !y are born1 ! type w\ld inevitably deg5]ate1 ! life w\ld become l[] & mean] 9 k9d4 ,increase 9 ri*ness1 v>iety1 complexity ( life is ga9$ only by ! selection ( v>iations above or beyond a c]ta9 mean1 & ! prompt execution ( a dea? s5t5ce ^u all ! re/4 ,! pr9ciple ( natural selection is 9 "o respect int5sely ,calv9i/ic2 x elects ! "o & damns ! n9ety & n9e4 ,9 ^! processes ( ,nature !re is no?+ t sav\rs ( communi/ic equality2 b to him t ha? %all be giv51 & f him t ha? n %all be tak5 away ev5 t :i* he ha?4 ,?r\gh ?is selection ( a fav\r$ few1 a high] type ( life--or at all ev5ts a type 9 :i* !re is m life--is atta9$ 9 _m cases1 b n always4 ,evolution & progress are n synonym\s t]ms4 ,! survival ( ! fitte/ is n always a survival ( ! be/ or ( ! mo/ highly organiz$4 ,! environm5t is sometimes su* t increase ( fitness means deg5]ation ( type1 & ! animal & vegetable worlds %[ _m in/ances ( deg5]ation4 ,"o brilliant in/ance is t :i* has pres]v$ ! clue to ! remote ance/ry ( ! v]tebrate type4 ,! molluscoid ascidian1 root$ polyp-l on ! sea bea* 9 %all[ wat]1 has an embryonic hi/ory :i* %[s t its ance/ors _h once se5 bett] days1 :5 !y d>t$ to & fro1 fi%like1 ?r\gh ! waves1 ) ! prophecy ( a v]tebrate skeleton )9 !m4 ,?is is a case ( m>k$ deg5]ation4 ,m (t5 survival ( ! fitte/ simply pres]ves ! type un*ang$ ?r\gh long p]iods ( "t4 ,b n[ & !n "u fav\rable circum/ances x raises ! type4 ,at all ev5ts1 :5ev] ! type is rais$1 x is ?r\gh survival ( ! fitte/1 imply+ de/ruction ( all save ! fitte/4 ,?is la/ /atem5t is probably true ( all plants & ( all animals except t z appli$ to ! human race x ne$s "s transc5d5tly important qualifications :i* /ud5ts ( evolution are v apt to neglect4 ,i %all by & by po9t out ^! qualifications4 ,at pres5t we may note t ! developm5t ( civilization1 on its political side1 has be5 a /up5d\s /ruggle = life1 :]e9 ! possession ( c]ta9 physical & m5tal attributes has enabl$ "s tribes or nations to prevail ov] o!rs1 & to subject or ext]m9ate !m4 ,on its indu/rial side ! /ruggle has be5 no less fi]ce2 ! evolution ( high] effici5cy ?r\gh m]ciless competition is a matt] ( common k4 ,alike 9 ! occupations ( w> & 9 ^? ( peace1 sup]ior capacity has ?riv5 ^u victories 9 :i* small he$ has be5 paid to ! wi%es or ! welf>e ( ! vanqui%$4 ,9 human hi/ory p]haps no relation has be5 m p]si/5tly repeat$ ?an t ( ! hawk & ! wr54 ,! aggression has usually be5 def5d$ z 9 ! int]e/s ( high] civilization1 & 9 ! majority ( cases ! def5ce has be5 su/a9$ by ! facts4 ,x has inde$ v commonly be5 true t ! survival ( ! /ronge/ is ! survival ( ! fitte/4 ,su* consid]ations affect our mood t[>d ,nature 9 a way t is some:at bewild]+4 ,on ! "o h&1 z we recognize 9 ! univ]sal /rife & slaught] a /]n discipl9e ?r\gh :i* ! /&>d ( animate exi/5ce is rais$ & ! life ( creatures v>i\sly enri*$1 we become to "s ext5t reconcil$ to ! facts4 ,assum+1 z we all d1 t ! atta9m5t ( high] life is 9 itself desirable1 our m9ds _c rema9 utt]ly inhospitable t[>ds ?+s1 h[ev] odi\s 9 !mselves1 t help t[>d ! desirable end4 ,s9ce we _c rid ! _w ( !m1 we acquiesce 9 _! exi/5ce z "p ( ! ma*9]y ( ,god's provid5ce1 ! intricacies ( :i* our f9ite m9ds _c hope to unravel4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a ?\ght is likely to arise :i* 9 days gone by we %\ld h /riv5 to suppress z too impi\s = utt]ance2 b x is wis] to let su* ?\ghts f9d full expression1 = only ?us c we be sure ( und]/&+ ! k9d ( problem we are try+ to solve4 ,is n1 !n1 ?is me?od ( ,nature1 :i* a*ieves progress only ?r\gh mis]y & dea?1 an exce$+ly brutal & clumsy me?od8 ,life1 "o w\ld ?9k1 mu/ be de> to ! ev]la/+ ,giv] ( life1 yet h[ *eap x seems to be held 9 ! g5]al s*eme ( ?+s6 ,9 ord] t "s race ( mo?s may atta9 a c]ta9 fanta/ic cont\r & m>k+ ( _! w+s1 untold ?\s&s ( mo?s are doom$ to p]i% prematurely4 ,in/ead ( mak+ ! desirable object once = all1 ! me?od ( ,nature is to make some?+ else & reject x1 & s on ?r\gh c\ntless ages1 till by sl[ approximations ! creative ?\ght is realiz$4 ,nature is (t5 call$ ?rifty1 yet c\ld any?+ be m prodigal or m cynical ?an ! wa/e ( individual lives8 ,does x n rem9d "o ( ,*>les ,lamb's fam\s /ory ( ! ,*9aman ^: h\se accid5tally burn$ d[n & roa/$ a pig1 :]eupon ! da9ty meat 0 ta/$ & its fame spread abroad until epicures all ov] ,*9a 7 to be se5 c>ry+ home pigs & =?) sett+ fire to _! h\ses8 ,we ne$ b add t ! cu/om ?us e/abli%$ la/$ = c5turies1 dur+ :i* e d9n] ( pig involv$ ! sacrifice ( a home/ead1 & we seem to h a close p>ody ^u ! wa/efulness ( ,nature1 or ( :at is o!rwise call$ 9 ^! days ! ,cosmic ,process4 ,^u su* a view z ?is ! ,cosmic ,process appe>s 9 a high degree un9tellig5t1 n to say immoral4 ,illu/ration ,,iii ,caliban's ,philosophy ,poly!ism easily f\nd a place = su* views z ^!1 inasmu* z x c\ld expla9 ! unseemly aspects ( ,nature (fh& by a ref]5ce to malevol5t deities4 ,) ,br[n+'s ,caliban1 9 8 m$itations ^u ,setebos1 t god :om he conceiv$ 9 8 own image1 ! recklessness ( ,nature is mock]y eng5d]$ half 9 spite1 half 9 m]e wantonness4 ,setebos1 he says1 is /rong & ,"l1 ,am /rong myself comp>$ to yond] crabs ,t m>* n[ f ! m\nta9 to ! sea2 ,let tw5ty pass1 & /one ! tw5ty-fir/1 ,lov+ n1 hat+ n1 j *oos+ s4 ,say1 ! fir/ /raggl] t boa/s purple spots ,%all jo9 ! file1 "o p9c] twi/$ (f2 ,say1 ?is bruis$ fell[ %all receive a worm1 ,& two worms he ^: nipp]s end 9 r$2 ,z x likes me ea* "t1 ,i d3 ,s ,he4 ,su* is ! k9d ( philosophy t comm5ds itself to ! bea/ly ,caliban1 z he sprawls 9 ! mire ) small eft ?+s creep+ d[n 8 back4 ,8 half-fl$g$ m9d c conceive no high] pr9ciple ( action--no?+ m arti/ic1 no?+ m ma/]ful--?an wanton mock]y1 & naturally he attributes x to 8 ,god2 x is = him a suffici5t explanation ( t little fragm5t ( ! ,cosmic ,process ) :i* he comes into contact4 ,illu/ration ,,iv ,c x be t ! ,cosmic ,process has no ,relation to ,moral ,ends8 ,b z long z we conf9e our att5tion to ! univ]sal /ruggle = life & ! survival ( ! fitte/1 )\t c]ta9 qualifications pres5tly to be m5tion$1 x is difficult = ! mo/ pr(\nd intellig5ce to arrive at conclusions mu* m satisfactory ?an ,caliban's4 ,if ! _s %[n 9 ,nature's works z ?us contemplat$ is n "o ( wanton mock]y1 x seems at any rate to be a _s ( /olid indiff]5ce4 ,x indicates a ,bl9d ,=ce r ?an a ,b5efic5t ,wisdom at ! s\rce ( ?+s4 ,x is 9 "s su* mood z ?is t ,huxley tells u1 9 8 fam\s address deliv]$ at ,ox=d1 9 #ahic1 t !re is no sanction = morality 9 ! ,cosmic ,process4 ,m5 9 society1 he says1 are und\bt$ly subject to ! cosmic process4 ,z among o!r animals1 multiplication goes on )\t cessation & involves sev]e competition = ! means ( support4 ,! /ruggle = exi/5ce t5ds to elim9ate ^? less fitt$ to adapt !mselves to ! circum/ances ( _! exi/5ce4 ,! /ronge/1 ! mo/ self-ass]tive1 t5d to tread d[n ! weak]4444 ,social progress means a *eck+ ( ! cosmic process at e /ep & ! sub/itution = x ( ano!r1 :i* may be call$ ! e?ical process2 ! end ( :i* is n ! survival ( ^? :o may happ5 to be ! fitte/1 9 respect ( ! :ole ( ! conditions :i* exi/1 b ( ^? :o are e?ically ! be/4 ,aga91 says ,huxley1 let u und]/&1 once = all1 t ! e?ical progress ( society dep5ds1 n on imitat+ ! cosmic process1 /ill less 9 runn+ away f x1 b 9 combat+ x4 ,& aga9 he tells u t :ile ! moral s5tim5ts h und\bt$ly be5 evolv$1 yet s9ce ! immoral s5tim5ts h no less be5 evolv$1 !re is s f> z mu* natural sanction = ! "o z = ! o!r4 ,& yet aga91 ! cosmic process has no sort ( relation to moral ends4 ,:5 ^! /atem5ts 7 fir/ made !y 7 receiv$ ) surprise1 & !y h s9ce call$ =? mu* comm5t1 = !y s\nd l a retreat f ! position :i* an evolutioni/ is expect$ to hold4 ,!y di/9ctly ass]t a brea* ( cont9uity betwe5 evolution 9 g5]al & ! evolution ( ,man 9 p>ticul>2 & ?us !y h c>ri$ joy to ! he>ts ( sundry !ologians1 ( ! sort t l to reg>d ,man z an infr+] ^u ,nature4 ,if !re is no natural sanction = morality1 !n ! sanction mu/ be sup]natural1 & =?) su* !ologians greet ,huxley z an ally6 ,!y are mi/ak51 h[ev]4 ,huxley does n really mean to ass]t any su* brea* ( cont9uity z is "h sugge/$4 ,9 a footnote to 8 pr9t$ address he makes a qualification :i* really cancels ! gr\p ( /atem5ts ,i h quot$4 ,( c\rse1 says ,huxley1 /rictly speak+1 social life & ! e?ical process1 9 virtue ( :i* x advances t[>d p]fection1 are "p & p>cel ( ! g5]al process ( evolution4 ,( c\rse !y are2 & ( c\rse ! g5]al process ( evolution is ! cosmic process1 x is ,nature's way ( do+ ?+s4 ,b :5 my de> ,huxley a mom5t ago 0 say+ t ! cosmic process has no sort ( relation to moral ends1 he 0 us+ ! phrase 9 a m re/rict$ s5se2 he 0 us+ x z equival5t to :at ,d>w9 call$ natural selection1 :at ,sp5c] call$ survival ( ! fitte/1 :i* is only "o "p ( ! cosmic process4 ,n[ mo/ assur$ly survival ( ! fitte/1 z su*1 has no sort ( relation to moral ends4 ,beauty & ugl9ess1 virtue & vice1 are all alike to x4 ,side by side ) ! exquisite rose fl\ri%es ! hide\s t>antula1 & 9 too _m cases ! villa9's *ances ( livelihood are bett] ?an ! sa9ts4 ,z ,i said a :ile ago1 if we conf9e our att5tion to ! survival ( ! fitte/ 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 we are n likely to arrive at conclusions mu* m satisfactory ?an ,caliban's ,z x likes me ea* "t1 ,i d3 ,s ,he4 ,9 su* a univ]se we may look 9 va9 = any sanction = morality1 any ju/ification = love & self-sacrifice2 we f9d no hope 9 x1 no consolation2 !re is n ev5 dignity 9 x1 no?+ :atev] b resi/less all-produc+ & all-consum+ en]gy4 ,su* a univ]se1 h[ev]1 is n ! "o 9 :i* we live4 ,9 ! cosmic process ( evolution1 :]e( our individual lives are "p & p>cel1 !re are o!r ag5cies at "w besides natural selection1 & ! /ory ( ! /ruggle = exi/5ce is f> f be+ ! :ole /ory4 ,i h ?us f> be5 m]ely /at+ difficulties2 x is n[ "t to po9t out ! direction 9 :i* we are to look = a solution ( !m4 ,i ?9k x c be %[n t ! pr9ciples ( morality h _! roots 9 ! deepe/ f\ndations ( ! univ]se1 t ! cosmic process is e?ical 9 ! pr(\nde/ s5se1 t 9 t f>-(f morn+ ( ! _w1 :5 ! />s sang toge!r & ! sons ( ,god %\t$ = joy1 ! beauty ( self-sacrifice & dis9t]e/$ love =m$ ! *ief burd5 ( ! mighty !me4 ,illu/ration ,v ,fir/ ,/ages 9 ! ,g5esis ( ,man ,let u beg9 by draw+ a correct ?\gh slight outl9e sket* ( :at ! cosmic process ( evolution has be54 ,x is n /range t :5 biologi/s speak ( evolution !y %\ld (t5 or usually h 9 m9d simply ! modifications wr\ght 9 plants & animals by means ( natural selection4 ,= x 0 by call+ att5tion to su* modifications t ,d>w9 discov]$ a true cause ( ! orig9 ( species by physiological desc5t f alli$ species4 ,?us 0 demon/rat$ ! fact ( evolution 9 its mo/ important prov9ce2 m5 ( sci5ce 7 conv9c$ t ! high] =ms ( life are d]iv$ f l[] =ms1 & ! old notion ( special creations 0 explod$ once & =ev]4 ,?is 0 a great sci5tific a*ievem5t1 "o ( ! greate/ kn[n to hi/ory1 & x is !re=e n /range t language %\ld (t5 be employ$ z if ,evolutionism & ,d>w9ism 7 synonym\s4 ,yet n only are !re ext5sive regions 9 ! doctr9e ( evolution ab\t :i* ,d>w9 knew v little1 b ev5 z reg>ds ! g5esis ( species 8 !ory 0 nev] develop$ 9 8 own h&s s f> z to acc\nt satisfactorily = ! g5esis ( man4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t :ile ! natural selection ( physical v>iations w g f> t[>d expla9+ ! *>act]i/ics ( all ! plants & all ! bea/s 9 ! _w1 x rema9s p[]less to acc\nt = ! exi/5ce ( man4 ,natural selection ( physical v>iations might g on = a doz5 et]nities )\t any o!r visible result ?an new =ms ( plant & bea/ 9 endless & mean+less succession4 ,! physical v>iations by :i* man is di/+ui%$ f apes are n great4 ,8 physical relation%ip ) ! ape is clos] ?an t betwe5 cat & dog1 :i* belong to diff]5t families ( ! same ord]2 x is m l t betwe5 cat & leop>d1 or betwe5 dog & fox1 diff]5t g5]a 9 ! same family4 ,b ! mom5t we consid] ! m9ds ( man & ape1 ! gap betwe5 ! two is immeasurable4 ,mr4 ,miv>t has truly said t1 ) reg>d to _! total value 9 nature1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 man & ape transc5ds ! diff]5ce betwe5 ape & blade ( grass4 ,i %\ld be dispos$ to g fur!r & say1 t :ile = zological man y c h>dly erect a di/9ct family f t ( ! *impanzee & orang1 on ! o!r h&1 = psy*ological man y mu/ erect a di/9ct k+dom2 nay1 y mu/ ev5 di*otomize ! univ]se1 putt+ ,man on "o side & all ?+s else on ! o!r4 ,h[ c ?is ov]:elm+ contra/ betwe5 psy*ical & physical diff]5ce be acc\nt$ =8 ,! clue 0 furni%$ by ,alfr$ ,russel ,wallace1 ! illu/ri\s co-discov]] ( natural selection4 ,wallace saw t along ) ! g5]al developm5t ( mammalian intellig5ce a po9t mu/ h be5 rea*$ 9 ! hi/ory ( "o ( ! primates1 :5 v>iations ( intellig5ce 7 m pr(itable to him ?an v>iations 9 body4 ,f t "t =? t primate's intellig5ce w5t on by sl[ increm5ts acquir+ new capacity1 :ile 8 body *ang$ b little4 ,:5 once he c\ld /rike fire1 & *ip a fl9t1 & use a club1 & /rip (f ! be>'s hide to cov] himself1 !re 0 cle>ly no fur!r use 9 ?ick5+ 8 own hide1 or l5g!n+ & %>p5+ 8 claws4 ,natural selection is ! ke5e/ capitali/ 9 ! univ]se2 %e nev] loses an in/ant 9 seiz+ ! mo/ pr(itable place = inve/m5t1 & h] judgm5t is nev] at fault4 ,=?)1 = a million ye>s or m %e inve/$ all h] capital 9 ! psy*ical v>iations ( ?is fav\r$ primate1 mak+ little *ange 9 8 body except s f> z to aid 9 ! g5]al result1 until by & by some?+ l human intellig5ce ( a l[ grade1 l t ( ! ,au/ralian or ! ,&aman isl&]1 0 a*iev$4 ,! g5esis ( humanity 0 by no means yet complet$1 b an enorm\s gulf _h be5 cross$4 ,aft] ?r[+ out ?is lum9\s sugge/ion ,mr4 ,wallace nev] foll[$ x up z x admitt$ & des]v$4 ,x is too mu* to expect "o man to d ev]y?+1 & 8 spl5did /udies 9 ! geographical di/ribution ( organisms may well h left him little "t = "w 9 ?is direction4 ,:o c fail to see t ! selection ( psy*ical v>iations1 to ! comp>ative neglect ( physical v>iations1 0 ! op5+ ( a new & great] act 9 ! drama ( creation8 ,s9ce t new dep>ture ! ,creator's highe/ "w has consi/$ n 9 br++ =? new types ( body1 b 9 exp&+ & p]fect+ ! psy*ical attributes ( ! "o creature 9 ^: life ^? attributes h begun to acquire pr$om9ance4 ,along ?is human l9e ( asc5t !re is no occasion = any fur!r g5esis ( species1 all future progress mu/ cont9ue to be n zological1 b psy*ological1 organic evolution gives place to civilization4 ,?us 9 ! long s]ies ( organic be+s ,man is ! la/2 ! cosmic process1 hav+ once evolv$ ?is ma/]piece1 c\ld !nce=? d no?+ bett] ?an to p]fect him4 ,illu/ration ,,vi ,! ,c5tral ,fact 9 ! ,g5esis ( ,man ,?is conclusion1 :i* foll[s irresi/ibly f ,wallace's !orem1 t 9 ! g5esis ( ,humanity natural selection began to foll[ a new pa?1 already ?r[s a light ( promise ov] our :ole subject1 l ! rosy dawn ( a ,june morn+4 ,b ! explanation ( ! g5esis ( ,humanity is /ill f> f complete4 ,if we comp>e man ) any ( ! high] mammals1 su* z dogs & horses & apes1 we are /ruck ) sev]al po9ts ( diff]5ce3 fir/1 ! great] progressiv5ess ( man1 ! wid5+ ( ! int]val by :i* "o g5]ation may v>y f its pr$ecessor2 secondly1 ! def9ite gr\p+ 9 societies bas$ on m or less p]man5t family relation%ips1 in/ead ( ! indef9ite gr\p+ 9 miscellane\s h]ds or packs2 ?irdly1 ! possession ( articulate spee*2 f\r?ly1 ! enorm\s increase 9 ! duration ( infancy1 or ! p]iod :5 p>5tal c>e is ne$$4 ,tw5ty-f\r ye>s ago1 9 a c\rse ( lectures giv5 yond] 9 ,hold5 ,*apel1 ,i %[$ t ! circum/ance la/ nam$ is ! fundam5tal "o1 & ! o!rs are d]ivative4 ,x is ! prolong$ infancy t has caus$ ! progressiv5ess & ! gr\p+ into def9ite societies1 :ile ! developm5t ( language 0 a consequ5ce ( ! increas+ intellig5ce & sociality ?us caus$4 ,9 ! g5esis ( ,humanity ! c5tral fact has be5 ! increas$ duration ( infancy4 ,n[1 c we assign = t increas$ duration an adequate cause8 ,i ?9k we c4 ,! increase ( intellig5ce is itself su* a cause4 ,a glance at ! animal k+dom %[s u no su* ?+ z infancy among ! l[] ord]s4 ,x is ) w>m-blood$ birds & mammals t ! ph5om5a ( infancy & ! correlative p>5tal c>e really beg94 ,illu/ration ,,vii ,! ,*ief ,cause ( ,man's l5g!n$ ,infancy ,! reason = ?is is t any creature's ability to p]ceive & to act dep5ds ^u ! regi/ration ( exp]i5ces 9 8 n]ve-c5tres4 ,x is ei!r individual or ance/ral exp]i5ce t is ?us regi/]$2 or1 /rictly speak+1 x is bo?4 ,x is ( ! fir/ importance t ?is po9t %\ld be cle>ly und]/ood1 & !re=e a few words ( elem5t>y explanation w n be sup]flu\s4 ,:5 y le>n to play ! piano1 y gradually e/abli% innum]able associations betwe5 pr9t$ gr\ps ( notes & ! correspond+ keys on ! key-bo>d1 & y also tra9 ! f+]s to execute a va/ numb] ( rapid & complicat$ motions4 ,! process is full ( difficulty1 & involves endless repetition4 ,aft] "s ye>s p]haps y c play at sight & ) almo/ automatic ease a polonaise ( ,liszt or a ballad ( ,*op94 ,n[ ?is result is possible only because ( a bodily *ange :i* has tak5 place 9 y4 ,c\ntless molecul> alt]ations h be5 wr\ght 9 ! /ructure ( sundry n]ves & muscles1 especially 9 ! gray matt] ( sundry ganglia1 or n]ve-c5tres4 ,e ganglion conc]n$ 9 ! ne$ful adju/m5ts ( eyes & f+]s & wri/s1 or 9 ! p]ception ( musical s\nds1 has und]gone a *ange m or less pr(\nd4 ,! nature ( ! *ange is l>gely a matt] ( speculation2 b t po9t ne$ n 9 any way conc]n u4 ,x is en\gh = u to "k t !re is su* a *ange1 & t x is a regi/ration ( exp]i5ces4 ,! piani/ has regi/]$ 9 ! intimate /ructure ( 8 n]v\s sy/em a _w ( exp]i5ces entirely =eign to p]sons unfamili> ) ! piano2 & ^u ?is regi/ration 8 capacity dep5ds4 ,n[ ! same explanation applies to all bodily movem5ts :atev]1 :e!r complicat$ or simple4 ,9 writ+1 9 walk+1 9 talk+1 we are mak+ use ( n]v\s regi/rations t h be5 br\ght ab\t by an accumulation ( exp]i5ces4 ,to pick up a p5cil f ! table may seem a v simple act1 yet a baby _c d x4 ,x has be5 made possible only by ! education ( ! eyes1 ( ! muscles t move ! eyes1 ( ! arm & h&1 & ( ! n]ve-c5tres t coord9ate "o gr\p ( movem5ts ) ano!r4 ,all ?is multi=m education has consi/$ 9 a gradual regi/ration ( exp]i5ces4 ,9 l mann] all ! actions ( man ^u ! _w ab\t him are made up ( movem5ts1 & e su* movem5t becomes possible only :5 a regi/ration is effect$ 9 sundry n]ve-c5tres4 ,b ?is is n ! :ole /ory4 ,! case is und\bt$ly ! same ) ^? visc]al movem5ts1 involunt>y & 9 great "p unconsci\s1 :i* su/a9 life2 ! beat+ ( ! he>t1 ! expansion & contraction ( ! lungs1 ! slight *anges ( calibre 9 ! blood-vessels1 ev5 ! movem5ts ( secretion t take place 9 gl&s4 ,all ^! actions are gov]n$ by n]ves1 & ^! n]ves h _h to be educat$ to _! "w4 ,?is education has be5 a regi/ration ( exp]i5ces *iefly ance/ral1 ?r\gh\t an enorm\s pa/1 practically s9ce ! beg9n+s ( v]tebrate life4 ,) ! e>li] & simpl] =ms ( animal exi/5ce ^! visc]al movem5ts are ! only ones1 or almo/ ! only ones1 t h to be made4 ,pres5tly ! movem5ts ( limbs & s5se organs come to be add$1 & z we rise 9 ! animal scale1 ^! movem5ts come to be endlessly v>i\s & complex1 & by & by implicate ! n]v\s sy/em m & m deeply 9 complex acts ( p]ception1 memory1 reason+1 & volition4 ,obvi\sly1 !re=e1 9 ! developm5t ( ! individual organism ! dem&s ( ! n]v\s sy/em ^u ! vital en]gies conc]n$ 9 gr[? mu/ come to be ( p>am\nt importance1 & 9 provid+ = !m ! entire embryonic life mu/ be mo/ pr(\ndly & v>i\sly affect$4 ,?\gh we may be unable to foll[ ! processes 9 detail1 ! tru? ( ?is g5]al /atem5t is pla9 & und5iable4 ,i say1 !n1 t :5 a creature's intellig5ce is l[1 & its exp]i5ce v meagre1 consi/+ ( a few simple p]ceptions & acts t occur ?r\gh\t life ) monoton\s regul>ity1 all ! regi/ration ( ?is exp]i5ce gets effect$ 9 ! n]ve-c5tres ( its (fspr+ be=e bir?1 & !y come into ! _w fully equipp$ = ! battle ( life1 l ! snapp+ turtle1 :i* snaps ) decisive vig\r z soon z x em]ges f ! egg4 ,no?+ is left pla/ic to be f9i%$ aft] bir?1 & s ! life ( ea* g5]ation is almo/ an exact repetition ( its pr$ecessor4 ,b :5 a creature's intellig5ce is high1 & its exp]i5ce v>i$ & complicat$1 ! regi/ration ( all ?is exp]i5ce 9 ! n]ve-c5tres ( its (fspr+ does n get accompli%$ be=e bir?4 ,!re is n "t en\gh4 ,! mo/ important regi/rations1 su* z ^? ne$$ = brea?+ & swall[+ & o!r indisp5sable acts1 are fully effect$2 o!rs1 su* z ^? ne$$ = h&l+ & walk+1 are b p>tially effect$2 o!rs1 su* z ^? involv$ 9 ! recognition ( creatures n important z enemies or prey1 are left /ill fur!r f completion4 ,mu* is left to be done by individual exp]i5ce aft] bir?4 ,! animal1 :5 fir/ born1 is a baby dep5d5t ^u its "m's c>e4 ,at ! same "t its intellig5ce is f> m pla/ic1 & x rema9s f> m tea*able1 ?an ! l[] animal t has no babyhood4 ,dogs & horses1 lions & elephants1 (t5 increase 9 sagacity until late 9 life2 & s d apes1 :i*1 along ) a high] intellig5ce ?an any o!r dumb animals1 h a mu* long] babyhood4 ,we are n[ prep>$ to appreciate ! m>vell\s beauty ( ,nature's "w 9 br++ ,man ^u ! sc5e4 ,n[h]e is !re any brea* ( cont9uity 9 ! cosmic process4 ,fir/ we h natural selection at "w ?r\gh\t ! organic _w1 br++ =? millions ( species ( plant & animal1 seiz+ ^u e advantage1 physical or m5tal1 t enables any species to survive 9 ! univ]sal /ruggle4 ,s f> z any outw>d obs]v]1 back 9 ! ,cretace\s or e>ly ,eoc5e p]iods1 c\ld surmise1 ?is sort ( confusion might g on =ev]4 ,b all at once1 p]haps some:]e 9 ! upp] ,eoc5e or l[] ,mioc5e1 x appe>s t among ! primates1 a newly develop+ family already di/+ui%$ = preh5sile capabilities1 "o g5us is beg9n+ to su/a9 itself m by m5tal craft & %ift9ess ?an by any physical *>act]i/ic4 ,=?) does natural selection seize ^u any & e advantage\s v>iation 9 ?is craft & %ift9ess1 until ?is fav\r$ g5us ( primates1 ?is ,homo ,alalus1 or spee*less man1 z we may call him1 becomes prem95t = sagacity1 z ! mammo? is prem95t = bulk1 or ! giraffe = l5g? ( neck4 ,illu/ration ,,viii ,"s ( its ,effects ,9 do+ ?is1 natural selection has unlock$ a door & let 9 a new set ( causal ag5cies4 ,z ,homo ,alalus gr[s 9 intellig5ce & v>iety ( exp]i5ce1 8 helpless babyhood becomes gradually prolong$1 & passes n into sudd5 maturity1 b into a m or less pla/ic int]m$iate p]iod ( y\?4 ,individual exp]i5ce1 z contra/$ ) ance/ral exp]i5ce1 c\nts = mu* m ?an ev] be=e 9 %ap+ 8 actions1 & ?us he beg9s to become progressive4 ,he c le>n _m m new ways ( do+ ?+s 9 a hundr$ ?\s& ye>s ?an any o!r creature c\ld h done 9 a mu* long] "t4 ,?us ! rate ( progress is enhanc$1 ! increas+ intellig5ce ( ,homo ,alalus fur!r l5g!ns 8 pla/ic p]iod ( life1 & ?is 9 turn fur!r increases 8 intellig5ce & emphasizes 8 individuality4 ,! evid5ce is abundant t ,homo ,alalus1 l 8 simian c\s9s1 0 a greg>i\s creature1 & x is n difficult to see h[1 ) increas+ intellig5ce1 ! ge/ures & grunts us$ 9 ! horde = signall+ mu/ come to be clo!d ) add$ associations ( mean+1 mu/ gradually become g5]aliz$ z signs ( conceptions4 ,?is inv5tion ( spok5 language1 ! fir/ inv5tion ( nasc5t humanity1 rema9s to ?is day its mo/ fruitful inv5tion4 ,h5ce=? ance/ral exp]i5ce c\ld n simply be transmitt$ ?r\gh its inh]itable impress ^u ! n]v\s sy/em1 b its facts & lessons c\ld become ext]nal mat]ials & in/rum5ts ( education4 ,!n ! *ildr5 ( ,homo ,alalus1 no long] spee*less1 began to accumulate a fund ( tradition1 :i* 9 ! fulness ( "t 0 to bloom =? 9 hi/ory & poetry1 9 sci5ce & !ology4 ,f ! outset ! acquisition ( spee* mu/ greatly h increas$ ! rate ( progress1 & enhanc$ ! rudim5t>y sociality4 ,) ! l5g!n+ ( infancy ! p]iod ( mat]nal help & wat*fulness mu/ h l5g!n$ 9 correspond5ce4 ,natural selection mu/ keep ^? two ?+s nicely balanc$1 or ! species w\ld soon become ext9ct4 ,b ,homo ,alalus _h n only a "m1 b bre?r5 & si/]s2 & :5 ! p]iod ( infancy became suffici5tly long1 !re 7 a s]ies ( ,homunculi ,alali1 ! elde/ ( :om /ill ne$$ m or less c>e :ile ! ?ird & ! f\r? 7 arriv+ ^u ! sc5e4 ,9 ?is way ! s5tim5t ( mat]nity became abid+4 ,! c[ has /rong feel+s ( mat]nal affection = p]iods ( a few weeks at a "t1 b lapses into indiff]5ce & probably _c di/+ui% h] gr[n-up calves z su/a9+ any ne>] relation to h]self ?an o!r memb]s ( ! h]d4 ,b ,fem9a ,alala1 ) h] va/ly enl>g$ intellig5ce1 is call$ ^u = ! ex]cise ( mat]nal affection until x becomes a p]man5t "p ( h] nature4 ,9 ! same gr\p ( circum/ances beg9s ! p]man5cy ( ! m>ital relation4 ,! w>rior-hunt] gr[s accu/om$ to def5d+ ! same wife & *ildr5 & to help+ !m 9 secur+ food4 ,cases ( :at we may t]m w$lock1 aris+ 9 ?is way1 occur sporadically among apes2 its ?or\gh e/abli%m5t1 h[ev]1 0 n a*iev$ until aft] ! g5esis ( ,humanity _h be5 complet$ 9 mo/ o!r respects4 ,! elaborate rese>*es ( ,we/]m>ck h prov$ t p]man5t m>riage exi/s ev5 among savages2 x did n prevail1 h[ev]1 until ! advanc$ /age ( culture repres5t$ by ! ,aztecs 9 aborig9al ,am]ica & ! ,neoli?ic peoples ( anci5t ,europe4 ,z = /rict monogamy1 x is a comp>atively late a*ievem5t ( civilization4 ,:at ! increas$ & multipli$ duration ( infancy at fir/ accompli%$ 0 ! trans=mation ( miscellane\s hordes ( ,hom9es ,alali into organiz$ clans recogniz+ k9%ip ?r\gh ! "m1 z exemplifi$ among ne>ly all ,am]ican ,indians :5 obs]v$ by ,europeans4 ,?us by gradual /ages we h pass$ f f\r-foot$ exi/5ce into ,human ,society1 & once m ,i w\ld emphasize ! fact t n[h]e d we f9d any brea* ( cont9uity1 b "o factor sets ano!r 9 op]ation1 :i* 9 turn reacts ^u ! fir/1 & s on 9 a m>vell\sly h>moni\s cons5sus4 ,surely if !re is any:]e 9 ! univ]se a /ory mat*less = its romantic int]e/1 x is ! /ory ( ! g5esis ( ,man1 n[ t we are at l5g? beg9n+ to be able to deciph] x4 ,we see t !re is a good deal m 9 x ?an m]e natural selection4 ,at bottom1 inde$1 x is all a process ( survival ( ! fitte/1 b ! second>y ag5cies we h be5 consid]+ h br\ght u to a po9t :]e our conception ( ! ,/ruggle = ,life mu/ be enl>g$4 ,out ( ! manifold comp\nd+ & recomp\nd+ ( primordial clans h come ! nations ( mank9d 9 v>i\s degrees ( civilization1 b already 9 ! clan we f9d ! e?ical process at "w4 ,! clan has a code ( morals well adapt$ to ! conditions amid :i* x exi/s4 ,!re is an e?ical s5tim5t 9 ! clan2 its memb]s h duties t[>d x2 x puni%es sundry acts ev5 ) dea?1 & rew>ds or extols sundry o!r acts4 ,we are1 9 %ort1 9 an e?ical atmosph]e1 crude & /ifl+1 d\btless1 z comp>$ ) t ( a mod]n ,*ri/ian home/ead1 b /ill unque/ionably e?ical4 ,illu/ration ,,ix ,orig9 ( ,moral ,ideas & ,s5tim5ts ,n[1 "h at la/1 9 enc\nt]+ ! e?ical process at "w1 h we detect$ a brea* ( cont9uity8 ,has ! moral s5tim5t be5 flung 9 f outside1 or is x a natural result ( ! cosmic process we h be5 sket*+8 ,cle>ly x is ! latt]4 ,!re has be5 no brea* ( cont9uity4 ,:5 ! prolongation ( infancy produc$ ! clan1 !re naturally arose reciprocal necessities ( behavi\r among ! memb]s ( ! clan1 its mo!rs & *ildr51 its hunt]s & w>riors4 ,if su* reciprocal necessities 7 to be disreg>d$ ! clan w\ld dissolve1 & dissolution w\ld be g5]al de/ruction4 ,=1 be> 9 m9d1 ! clan1 :5 once evolv$1 becomes ! unit ^: pres]vation is h5ce=? ! p]man5t necessity4 ,x is infancy t has made x s4 ,a miscellane\s horde1 ) brief infancies = its y\ng] memb]s1 may survive a v ext5sive slaught]2 b 9 a clan1 :]e ! proportion ( helpless *ildr5 is mu* great]1 & a consid]able division ( lab\r betwe5 nurses & w>riors has become e/abli%$1 ! case is diff]5t4 ,an am\nt or degree ( calamity suffici5t to break up its organization w usually mean total ru94 ,h5ce1 :5 ,nature's travail has at l5g? br\ght =? ! clan1 its requirem5ts =?) become p>am\nt1 & ea* memb]'s conduct f babyhood mu/ con=m to !m4 ,natural selection h5ce=? inve/s h] *ief capital 9 ! ent]prise ( pres]v+ ! clan4 ,9 t primitive social unit lie all ! pot5tiality & promise ( ,human ,society ?r\gh untold future ages4 ,s = age aft] age ^? clans 9 :i* ! conduct ( ! individuals is be/ subord9at$ to ! g5]al welf>e are sure to prevail ov] clans 9 :i* ! subord9ation is less p]fect4 ,z ! mat]nal in/9ct _h be5 cultivat$ = ?\s&s ( g5]ations be=e clan%ip came into exi/5ce1 s = _m succe$+ ages ( turbul5ce ! patriotic in/9ct1 :i* prompts to ! def5ce ( home1 0 cultivat$ "u p5alty ( dea?4 ,clans def5d$ by weakly loyal or c[>dly w>riors 7 sure to p]i%4 ,unfl9*+ brav]y & devot$ patriotism 7 virtues necess>y to ! survival ( ! community1 & 7 ?us pres]v$ until at ! dawn ( hi/oric times1 9 ! mo/ gr&ly militant ( clan societies1 we f9d ! ^w virtus connot+ j ^! qualities1 & no soon] does ! fateful gulf yawn op5 9 ! =um ?an a ,curtius joyfully leaps into x1 t ! commonweal? may be pres]v$ f h>m4 ,n[ ! mom5t a man's volunt>y actions are det]m9$ by consci\s or unconsci\s ref]5ce to a /&>d outside ( himself & 8 selfi% motives1 he has ent]$ ! _w ( e?ics1 he has begun to live 9 a moral atmosph]e4 ,egoism has ceas$ to be all 9 all1 & altruism--x is an ugly-s\nd+ ^w1 b seems to be ! only "o available--altruism has begun to ass]t its claim to sov]eignty4 ,9 ! e>li] & purely animal /ages ( exi/5ce x 0 "r en\gh = ea* individual to pursue pleasure & avoid pa92 x did n endang] ! welf>e ( ! species1 b on ! contr>y x fav\r$ t welf>e2 9 its orig9 avoidance ( pa9 0 ! sure/ safegu>d = ! p]petuation ( life1 & ) due qualifications t is /ill ! case4 ,b z soon z sociality became e/abli%$1 & ,nature's supreme end became ! ma9t5ance ( ! clan organization1 ! /&>d = ! individual's conduct became %ift$1 p]man5tly & =ev] %ift$4 ,limits 7 int]pos$ at :i* pleasure mu/ be resign$ & pa9 endur$1 ev5 c]ta9 dea? enc\nt]$1 = ! sake ( ! clan2 p]haps ! individual did n always und]/& x 9 t way1 b at all ev5ts x 0 = ! sake ( "s rule recogniz$ 9 ! clan1 "s rule :i*1 z 8 "m & all 8 k9 _h f 8 e>lie/ *ildhood inculcat$ ^u him1 ought to be obey$4 ,?is conception ( ought1 ( obligation1 ( duty1 ( debt to some?+ outside ( self1 result$ f ! %ift+ ( ! /&>d ( conduct outside ( ! individual's self4 ,once ?us ext]naliz$1 objectiviz$1 ! e?ical /&>d dem&$ homage f ! individual4 ,x furni%$ ! rule = a high] life ?an "o dictat$ by m]e selfi%ness4 ,speak+ aft] ! mann] ( naturali/s1 ,i "h use ! phrase high] life advis$ly4 ,x 0 ! k9d ( life t 0 conducive to ! pres]vation & fur!r developm5t ( ! highe/ =m ( animate exi/5ce t _h be5 atta9$4 ,x appe>s to me t we beg9 to f9d = e?ics ! mo/ trem5d\s k9d ( sanction 9 ! nature ( ! cosmic process4 ,a ^w ( caution may be ne$$4 ,x is n = a mom5t to be suppos$ t :5 primitive m5 began crudely %ap+ _! conduct ) ref]5ce to a /&>d outside ( self1 !y did s z ! result ( m$itation1 or ) any realiz+ s5se ( :at !y 7 do+4 ,t has nev] be5 ! me?od ( evolution4 ,its results /eal ^u ! _w noiselessly & unobs]v$1 & only aft] !y h long be5 ) u does reason employ itself ^u !m4 ,! wolf does n eat ! lamb because he reg>ds a fle% diet z necess>y to 8 heal? & activity1 b because he is hungry1 &1 l ,mr4 ,h>old ,skimpole1 he likes lamb4 ,x 0 no intellectual p]ception ( ne$s & consequ5ces t l5g!n$ ! mat]nal in/9ct ) primeval mo!rs z ! p]iod ( infancy l5g!n$4 ,nor 0 x any su* intellectual p]ception t began to en?rone ,i ought 9 ! place ( ,i wi%4 ,if 9 ! _w's recurr5t crises ,nature _h wait$ to be s]v$ by ! flick]+ lamp ( reason1 ! /ory w\ld n h be5 :at x is4 ,h] me?od has be51 ) ! adv5t ( a new situation1 to modify ! exi/+ gr\p ( in/9cts2 & ?is "w %e w n let be slight$2 9 h] tra9 foll[s ! lictor ) ! symbols ( dea?1 & !re is nei!r pity nor rel5t+4 ,9 ! primeval w>f>e betwe5 clans1 ^? 9 :i* ! in/9cts 7 n s modifi$ z to %ift ! /&>d ( conduct outside ( ! individual's self mu/ inevitably h succumb$ & p]i%$ "u ! pressure ( ^? 9 :i* ! in/9cts _h begun to exp]i5ce su* modification4 ,! moral law grew up 9 ! _w n because anybody ask$ = x1 b because x 0 ne$$ = ! _w's "w4 ,if x is n a product ( ! cosmic process1 x w\ld be h>d to f9d any?+ t c\ld be s call$4 ,illu/ration ,x ,! ,cosmic ,process exi/s purely = ! ,sake ( ,moral ,ends ,i h n und]tak5 to make my outl9e sket* ( ! g5esis ( ,humanity approa* to complet5ess1 b only to pres5t en\gh sali5t po9ts to make a closely connect$ argum5t 9 %[+ h[ morality is evolv$ 9 ! cosmic process & sanction$ by x4 ,9 a m complete sket* x w\ld be necess>y to say some?+ ab\t ! g5esis ( ,religion4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+1 & 9 my op9ion "o ( ! mo/ pr(\ndly significant1 facts 9 ! :ole process ( evolution is ! fir/ appe>ance ( religi\s s5tim5t at v ne>ly ! same /age at :i* ! moral law began to gr[ up4 ,to ! diff]5tial attributes ( ,humanity already consid]$ !re ne$s to be add$ ! possession ( religi\s s5tim5t & religi\s ideas4 ,we may safely say t ?is is ! mo/ important ( all ! di/9ctions betwe5 ,man & o!r animals2 = to say s is simply to epitomize ! :ole ( human exp]i5ce z record$ 9 hi/ory1 art1 & lit]ature4 ,along ) ! rise f greg>i\sness to incipi5t sociality1 along ) ! fir/ /amm]+s ( articulate spee*1 along ) ! dawn+ discrim9ation betwe5 "r & wrong1 came ! e>lie/ feeble grop+ t[>d a _w beyond t :i* greets ! s5ses1 ! fir/ dim recognition ( ! ,spiritual ,p[] t is reveal$ 9 & ?r\gh ! visible & palpable realm ( nature4 ,& univ]sally s9ce t "t ! notion ( ,e?ics has be5 insep>ably associat$ ) ! notion ( ,religion1 & ! sanction = ,e?ics has be5 held to be closely relat$ ) ! _w beyond ph5om5a4 ,!re are philosoph]s :o ma9ta9 t ) ! fur!r progress ( enlight5m5t ?is close relation w cease to be ass]t$1 t ,e?ics w be divorc$ f ,religion1 & t ! grop+ ( ! ,human ,s\l aft] its ,god w be condemn$ z a m]e survival f ! errors ( primitive savag]y1 a va9 & idle rea*+ out t[>d a _w ( m]e phantoms4 ,i m5tion ?is op9ion m]ely to express unqualifi$ & total diss5t f x4 ,i believe x c be %[n t "o ( ! /ronge/ implications ( ! doctr9e ( evolution is ! ,ev]la/+ ,reality ( ,religion4 ,b we h n "t at pres5t = ent]+ ^u s va/ a subject4 ,let ?is ref]5ce suffice to %[ t x has n be5 pass$ ov] or =gott5 9 my !ory ( ! g5esis ( ,humanity4 ,9 an acc\nt ( ! evolution ( ! religi\s s5tim5t1 its fir/ appe>ance z coeval1 or ne>ly s1 ) ! beg9n+s ( ! e?ical process w\ld assume great importance4 ,we h "h be5 conc]n$ purely ) ! e?ical process itself1 :i* we h f\nd to be--z ,huxley truly says 9 8 footnote--"p & p>cel ( ! g5]al process ( evolution4 ,our hi/orical survey ( ! g5esis ( ,humanity seems to %[ v =cibly t a society ( ,human ,s\ls liv+ 9 con=mity to a p]fect ,moral ,law is ! end t[>d :i*1 ev] s9ce ! "t :5 our sol> sy/em 0 a pat* ( nebul\s vap\r1 ! cosmic process has be5 aim+4 ,aft] our cool+ planet _h become ! seat ( organic life1 ! process ( natural selection w5t on = long ages seem+ly1 b n really at r&om2 = our retrospect %[s t its ultimate t5d5cy 0 t[>ds s+l+ out "o creature & exalt+ 8 intellig5ce4 ,n[ we h se5 t ?is increase ( intellig5ce itself1 by entail+ ^u ,man ! helplessness ( infancy1 l$ directly to ! production ( ^? social conditions t call$ ! e?ical process into play & set x actively to "w4 ,?us we may see ! absurdity ( try+ to sep>ate ! moral nature ( ,man f ! re/ ( 8 nature1 & to assign = x a sep>ate & indep5d5t hi/ory4 ,! ess5tial solid>ity 9 ! cosmic process w admit ( no su* fanciful deta*m5t ( "o "p f ano!r4 ,all p>ts are involv$ "o 9 ano!r4 ,aga91 ! e?ical process is n only "p & p>cel ( ! cosmic process1 b x is its cr[n & consummation4 ,t[>d ! spiritual p]fection ( ,humanity ! /up5d\s mom5tum ( ! cosmic process has all along be5 t5d+4 ,t spiritual p]fection is ! true goal ( evolution1 ! div9e end t 0 involv$ 9 ! beg9n+4 ,:5 ,huxley asks u to believe t ! cosmic process has no sort ( relation to moral ends1 ,i feel l reply+ ) ! "q1 ,does n ! cosmic process exi/ purely = ! sake ( moral ends8 ,subtract f ! univ]se its e?ical mean+1 & no?+ rema9s b an unreal phantom1 ! figm5t ( false metaphysics4 ,we h n[ arriv$ at a position f :i* a glimm] ( light is ?r[n ^u "s ( ! d>k problems connect$ ) ! moral gov]nm5t ( ! _w4 ,we c beg9 to see :y mis]y & wrongdo+ are p]mitt$ to exi/1 & :y ! creative en]gy advances by su* sl[ & tortu\s me?ods t[>d ! fulfilm5t ( its div9e purpose4 ,9 ord] to und]/& ^! ?+s1 we mu/ ask1 ,:at is ! ultimate goal ( ! e?ical process8 ,accord+ to ! utilit>ian philosophy t goal is ! completion ( human happ9ess4 ,b ?is int]pretation soon refutes itself4 ,a _w ( complet$ happ9ess might well be a _w ( quiesc5ce1 ( /agnation1 ( automatism1 ( blankness2 ! dynamics ( evolution w\ld h no place 9 x4 ,b suppose we say t ! ultimate goal ( ! e?ical process is ! p]fect+ ( human "*8 ,?is =m ( /atem5t conta9s f> m ?an ! o!r4 ,consummation ( happ9ess is a natural outcome ( ! p]fect+ ( "*1 b t p]fect+ c be a*iev$ only ?r\gh /ruggle1 ?r\gh discipl9e1 ?r\gh resi/ance4 ,x is = him t ov]come? t ! cr[n ( life is res]v$4 ,! consummate product ( a _w ( evolution is ! "* t creates happ9ess1 t is replete ) dynamic possibilities ( fre% life & activity 9 directions =ev] new4 ,su* a "* is ! reflect$ image ( ,god1 & 9 x are conta9$ ! promise & pot5cy ( life ev]la/+4 ,no su* "* c\ld be produc$ by any act ( special creation 9 a g>d5 ( ,ed54 ,x mu/ be ! consummate effloresc5ce ( long ages ( evolution1 & a _w ( evolution is necess>ily *>act]iz$ by sl[ processes1 _m ( :i* to a look]-on seem l t5tative exp]im5ts1 ) an enorm\s sacrifice ( ephem]al =ms ( life4 ,?us :ile ! ,e>? ,_s goes on1 unha/+1 yet unre/+1 weav+ 9 ! loom ( ,"t ! visible g>m5t ( ,god1 we beg9 to see t ev5 :at look l failures & blemi%es h be5 f ! outset involv$ 9 ! accompli%m5t ( ! all-wise & all-holy purpose1 ! p]fect+ ( ! spiritual ,man 9 ! lik5ess ( 8 ,heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,^! po9ts w receive fur!r indirect illu/ration z we complete our outl9e sket* ( ! cosmic process 9 ! pa/4 ,x is self-evid5t t 9 ! production ( an e?ical "*1 altrui/ic feel+s & impulses mu/ cop]ate4 ,let u look1 !n1 = "s ( ! beg9n+s ( altruism 9 ! c\rse ( ! evolution ( life4 ,illu/ration ,,xi ,mat]nity & ! ,evolution ( ,altruism ,f an e>ly p]iod ( ! life-hi/ory ( our planet1 ! pres]vation ( ! species _h obvi\sly become q z imp]ative an end z ! pres]vation ( individuals2 "o is at fir/ incl9$ to say m imp]ative1 b if we pause long en\gh to rememb] t total failure to pres]ve individuals w\ld be equival5t to imm$iate ext9ction ( ! species1 we see t ! "o requirem5t is z indisp5sable z ! o!r4 ,individuals mu/ be pres]v$1 & ! /ruggle = life is betwe5 !m2 species mu/ be pres]v$1 & 9 ! rivalry ^? h ! be/ *ance 9 :i* ! (fspr+ are ei!r mo/ r$undant 9 numb]s or are be/ c>$ =4 ,9 plants & animals ( all b ! high] types1 ! (fspr+ are spores or se$s1 l>v or spawn1 or self-matur+ eggs4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( p>5tal c>e ! p]si/5ce ( ! species is ensur$ by ! enorm\s numb] ( su* (fspr+4 ,a s+le codfi%1 9 a s+le season1 w lay six million eggs1 ne>ly all ( :i* p]i%1 ( c\rse1 or else 9 a few ye>s ! ocean c\ld n hold all ! codfi%es4 ,b ! pr9cess 9 ! ,arabian tale1 :o f\ght ) ! malignant ,j9ni1 c\ld n = h] life pick up all ! scatt]$ se$s ( ! pomegranate2 & 9 l mann] ( ! codfi% eggs1 "o 9 a million or s escapes & ! species is ma9ta9$4 ,b 9 ! highe/ types ( animal life 9 birds & mammals--) _! f\r-*amb]$ he>ts1 completely art]ializ$ blood1 & enhanc$ consci\sness--p>5tal c>e becomes effective 9 protect+ ! (fspr+1 & ! excessive production dim9i%es4 ,) birds1 ! necessity ( ma9ta9+ a high temp]ature = ! eggs leads to ! build+ ( ne/s1 to a division ( lab\r 9 ! secur+ ( food1 to ! developm5t ( a tempor>y mat]nal in/9ct1 & to conjugal alliances :i* 9 "s birds la/ = a lifetime4 ,z ! eggs become effectively gu>d$ ! numb] dim9i%es1 till in/ead ( millions !re are half a doz54 ,:5 x comes to h] m valuable products1 ,nature is n su* a reckless squ&]] aft] all4 ,s ) mammals1 = ! mo/ "p ! "y are 9 litt]s ( half a doz5 or s2 b 9 ,man1 ) 8 prolong$ & co/ly infancy p>5tal c>e rea*es its highe/ developm5t & conc5tration 9 re>+ *ildr5 "o by "o4 ,f ! dawn ( life1 ,i ne$ h>dly say1 all ! in/9cts t h contribut$ to ! pres]vation ( (fspr+ mu/ h be5 fav\r$ & cultivat$ by natural selection1 & 9 _m cases ev5 9 types ( life v remote f ,humanity1 su* in/9cts h prompt$ to v diff]5t actions f su* z w\ld fl[ f ! m]e in/9ct ( self-pres]vation4 ,if y ?ru/ y\r walk+-/ick into an ant-heap1 & wat* ! wild hurry & confusion t ensues :5 "p ( ! int]ior is laid b>e1 y w see t all ! work]s are busy 9 mov+ ! l>v into places ( safety4 ,x is n exactly a mat]nal in/9ct1 = ! work]s are n mo!rs1 b x is an altrui/ic in/9ct involv+ acts ( self-devotion4 ,s 9 ! case ( fi% t asc5d riv]s or bays at spawn+ "t1 ! actions ( ! :ole %oal are det]m9$ by a tempor>ily pr$om9ant in/9ct t t5ds t[>ds an altrui/ic result4 ,9 ^! & l[] grades ( life !re is already some?+ at "w besides ! m]e /ruggle = life betwe5 individuals2 !re is some?+ m ?an m]e cont5tion & slaught]2 !re is ! ef=t t[>ds *]i%+ ano!r life ?an "o's own4 ,9 ^! regions ( animate exi/5ce we cat* glimpses ( ! cosmic roots ( love & self-sacrifice4 ,= ! simple/ & rude/ productions ( ,nature m]e egoism might suffice1 b to ! a*ievem5t ( any high] aim "s adumbration ( altruism 0 indisp5sable4 ,be=e su* div9e ?+s z love & self-sacrifice c\ld spr+ up f _! cosmic roots & put =? _! effloresc5ce1 x 0 necess>y t consci\s p]sonal relations %\ld become e/abli%$ betwe5 "m & infant4 ,we h already obs]v$ ! critical importance ( ^! relations 9 ! e>lie/ /ages ( ! evolution ( human society4 ,we may n[ add t ! relation betwe5 "m & *ild mu/ h furni%$ ! fir/ occasion = ! su/a9$ & regul> developm5t ( ! altrui/ic feel+s4 ,! capacity = unselfi% devotion call$ =? 9 t relation c\ld aft]w>d be utiliz$ 9 ! conduct ( individuals n ?us relat$ to "o ano!r4 ,( all k9ds ( altruism ! "m's 0 no d\bt ! e>lie/2 x 0 ! d]ivative s\rce f :i* all o!r k9ds 7 by sl[ degrees develop$4 ,9 ! evolution ( ^! altrui/ic feel+s1 !re=e1--feel+s :i* are an absolutely indisp5sable con/itu5t 9 ! process ( e?ical developm5t1--! fir/ appe>ance ( real mat]nity 0 an epo* ( mo/ pr(\nd int]e/ & importance 9 ! hi/ory ( life ^u ! e>?4 ,n[ mat]nity1 9 ! true & full s5se ( ! ^w1 is some?+ :i* 0 n realiz$ until a comp>atively rec5t /age ( ! e>?'s hi/ory4 ,god's highe/ "w is nev] p]fect$ save 9 ! fulness ( "t4 ,= c\ntless ages !re 7 p>5ts & (fspr+ be=e ! sl[ b nev] aimless or wanton cosmic process _h br\ght into exi/5ce ! consci\s p]sonal relation%ip betwe5 "m & *ild4 ,protection ( eggs & l>v sc>cely suffices = ! evolution ( true mat]nity2 ! relation ( mo? to cat]pill> is c]ta9ly v f> f be+ a prototype ( x4 ,:at spectacle c\ld be m dre>y ?an t ( ! ,jurassic p]iod1 ) its lords ( creation1 ! ovip>\s d9osaurs1 crawl+ or b\nd+ ov] ! l&1 spla%+ amid ! mighty wat]s1 :izz+ bat-l ?r\gh ! air1 horrible brutes innum]able1 ) bulky bodies & t9y bra9s1 clumsy1 co>se 9 fibre1 & cold-blood$4 ,dragons ( ! prime1 ,t t>e ea* o!r 9 _! slime4 ,! remnants ( t f>-(f dismal age h be5 left beh9d 9 great abundance1 & f !m we c easily recon/ruct ! loa?some picture ( a _w ( dom9at+ egoism1 ^: r$emption ?r\gh ! evolution ( true mat]nity _h n yet effectively begun4 ,= su* a _w might ,caliban's !ology inde$ seem fitt$4 ,ne>ly n9e t5?s ( our planet's pa/ life-hi/ory1 measur$ 9 duration1 _h pass$ away )\t a*iev+ any high] result ?an ?is1--a fact :i* = impati5t re=m]s may h 9 x "s crumbs ( consolation4 ,=1 ?\gh ! mills ( ,god gr9d sl[ly1 ! cosmic process 0 aim+ at some?+ bett] ?an egoism & d9osaurs1 & at "s "t dur+ ! long p]iod ( ! ,*alk deposits !re began ! trem5d\s _w-wide rivalry betwe5 ^! dragons & ! ris+ class ( w>m-blood$ vivip>\s mammals :i* _h hi!rto play$ an insignificant "p 9 ! _w4 ,! v "n ( ?is class ( animals is tak5 f ! function ( mo!rhood4 ,! (fspr+ ( ^! mammas come into ! _w z recognizable p]sonalities1 s f> develop$ t ! relation betwe5 "m & *ild beg9s z a relation ( p]sonal affection4 ,! new-born mammal is n an egg nor a cat]pill>1 b a baby1 & ! baby's dawn+ consci\sness op5s up a n>r[ horizon ( sympa?y & t5d]ness1 a horizon ( :i* ! expansion %all 9 due c\rse ( ages reveal a new heav5 & a new e>?4 ,at fir/ ! nasc5t altruism 0 crude en\gh1 b x mu/ h suffic$ to make mutual und]/&+ & coop]ation m possible ?an be=e2 x ?us contribut$ to ! advancem5t ( mammalian intellig5ce1 & prep>$ ! way = greg>i\sness1 by & by to culm9ate 9 sociality1 z already describ$4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( creation ! mammals 7 mod]ns1 equipp$ ) m effective means ( ensur+ survival ?an _! ovip>\s antagoni/s4 ,! developm5t ( complete mammality 0 no sudd5 ?+4 ,"s ( ! d9osaurs may h be5 ovovivip>\s1 l "s mod]n s]p5ts4 ,! ,au/ralian duck-bill1 a relic ( ! mo/ anci5t incipi5t mammality1 is /ill ovip>\s2 ! opossum & kang>oo pres]ve ! record ( a /age :5 vivip>\sness 0 b p>tially a*iev$2 b ) ! adv5t ( ! plac5tal mammals ! break ) ! old ord] ( ?+s 0 complete4 ,! results ( ! /ruggle are regi/]$ 9 ! ,eoc5e rocks4 ,! anci5t _w _h f\nd its ,wat]loo4 ,gone 7 ! dragons :o s long _h lord$ x ov] bo? hemisph]es1--brontosaurs1 iguanodons1 plesiosaurs1 llaps1 pt]odactyls1--all gone2 _! unc\? brood q vani%$ f ! e>?1 & no?+ left alive z a rem9d]1 save a few deg5]ate collat]al k91 su* z snakes & crocodiles1 objects ( dread & loa?+ to high] creatures4 ,nev] 9 ! hi/ory ( our planet has !re be5 a m sweep+ victory ?an t ( ! mammals1 nor has ,nature _h any fur!r occasion = victories ( t sort4 ,! mammal rema9s ! highe/ type ( animal exi/5ce1 & subsequ5t progress has be5 %[n 9 ! p]fect+ ( t type :]e mo/ p]fectible4 ,illu/ration ,,xii ,! ,omnipres5t ,e?ical ,tr5d ,) ! evolution ( true mat]nity ,nature 0 ready to proce$ to h] highe/ grades ( "w4 ,intellig5ce 0 next to be lift$ to high] levels1 & ! ord] ( mammals ) greate/ preh5sile capacities1 ! primates ) _! incipi5t h&s1 7 ! mo/ fav\rable subjects 9 :i* to c>ry on ?is process4 ,! lat] /ages ( ! m>vell\s /ory we h already pass$ 9 review4 ,we h se5 ! accumulat+ intellig5ce l5g!n ! p]iod ( infancy1 & ?us prolong ! relations ( lov+ sympa?y betwe5 "m & *ild2 we h se5 ! human family & human society ?us br\ght into exi/5ce2 & along !re) we h recogniz$ ! necessity laid ^u ea* individual = con=m+ 8 conduct to a /&>d ext]nal to himself4 ,at ?is po9t1 )\t enc\nt]+ any brea* ( cont9uity 9 ! cosmic process1 we cross$ ! ?re%old ( ! e?ical _w1 & ent]$ a region :]e civilization1 or ! gradual p]fect+ ( ! spiritual qualities1 is h5ce=? ,nature's p>am\nt aim4 ,to p5etrate fur!r into ?is region w\ld be to foll[ ! progress ( civilization1 :ile ! primitive canoe develops into ! ,cun>d /eam%ip1 ! hi]oglyphic battle-sket* into epics & dramas1 sun-cat*] my?s into ! ,newtonian a/ronomy1 w&]+ tribes into mighty nations1 ! e?ics ( ! clan into ! moral law = all m54 ,! /ory %[s u ,man becom+ m & m cle>ly ! image ( ,god1 ex]cis+ creative attributes1 trans=m+ 8 physical environm5t1 inc>nat+ 8 ?\ghts 9 visible & tangible %apes all ov] ! _w1 & extort+ f ! abysses ( space ! secrets ( vani%$ ages4 ,f l[ly beg9n+s1 )\t brea* ( cont9uity1 & ?r\gh ! cumulative action ( m9ute & inconspicu\s causes1 ! resi/less mom5tum ( cosmic ev5ts has t5d$ t[>d su* k9d ( consummation2 & "p & p>cel ( ! :ole process1 insep>ably wrapp$ up ) e o!r "p1 has be5 ! evolution ( ! s5tim5ts :i* t5d to subord9ate m]e egoism to unselfi% & moral ends4 ,a n>r[ or p>tial survey might fail to make cle> ! solid>ity ( ! cosmic process4 ,b ! hi/ory ( creation1 :5 broadly & pati5tly consid]$1 br+s home to u ) fre% emphasis ! pr(\nd tru? ( :at ,em]son once said1 t ! lesson ( life 444 is to believe :at ! ye>s & ! c5turies say aga9/ ! h\rs2 to resi/ ! usurpation ( p>ticul>s2 to p5etrate to _! ca?olic s5se4 ,:5 we h le>n$ ?is lesson1 our misgiv+s vani%1 & we brea! a cle> atmosph]e ( fai?4 ,?\gh 9 _m ways ,god's "w is above our compreh5sion1 yet ^? p>ts ( ! _w's /ory t we c deciph] well w>rant ! belief t :ile 9 ,nature !re may be div9e irony1 !re c be no su* ?+ z wanton mock]y1 = pr(\ndly und]ly+ ! surface entanglem5t ( h] actions we may disc]n ! omnipres5t e?ical tr5d4 ,! moral s5tim5ts1 ! moral law1 devotion to unselfi% ends1 dis9t]e/$ love1 nobility ( s\l1--^! are ,nature's mo/ highly wr\ght products1 late/ 9 com+ to maturity2 !y are ! consummation1 t[>d :i* all e>li] prophecy has po9t$4 ,we are "r1 !n1 9 greet+ ! rejuv5esc5t summ] ) dev\t fai? & hope4 ,bel[ ! surface d9 & cla%+ ( ! /ruggle = life we he> ! und]tone ( ! deep e?ical purpose1 z x rolls 9 solemn music ?r\gh ! ages1 its volume swell$ by e victory1 great or small1 ( "r ov] wrong1 till 9 ! fulness ( "t1 9 ,god's own "t1 x %all bur/ =? 9 ! triumphant *orus ( ,humanity purifi$ & r$eem$4 ,,! ,,ev]la/+ ,,reality ,,( ,,religion ,"h sits he %ap+ w+s to fly2 ,8 he>t =ebodes a my/]y3 ,he names ! "n ,et]nity4 ,t type ( ,p]fect 9 8 m9d ,9 ,nature c he n[h]e f9d1 ,he s[s himself on e w9d4 ,he seems to he> a ,heav5ly ,fri5d1 ,& ?r\gh ?ick veils to appreh5d ,a lab\r work+ to an end4 ,,t5nyson1 ,! ,two ,voices4 ,illu/ration ,i ,deo erexit ,voltaire ,! visitor to ,g5eva ^: /udies h made him duly acqua9t$ ) ! mo/ int]e/+ human p]sonality ( all t are associat$ ) t hi/oric city w nev] leave ! place )\t mak+ a pilgrimage to ! *ateau ( ,f]ney4 ,9 t ref9$ & quiet rural home/ead ?+s /ill rema9 v mu* z on ! day :5 ! ag$ ,voltaire left x = ! la/ visit to ,p>is1 :]e 8 long life 0 wor?ily end$ amid words & de$s ( affectionate homage4 ,"o may sit d[n at ! table :]e 0 writt5 ! mo/ p]fect prose1 p]haps1 t ev] fl[$ f p51 & look ab\t ! little room ) its evid5ces ( pla9 liv+ & high ?9k+1 until "o seems to recall ! ecc5tric figure ( ! vani%$ ,ma/]1 ) 8 fla%es ( %rewd wisdom & cau/ic wit1 8 insatiable ?ir/ = k1 8 consum+ hatr$ ( bigotry & oppression1 8 m]ciless contempt = %ams1 8 b\ndless en?usiasm ( humanity4 ,z we /roll 9 ! p>k1 t qua9t pres5ce goes along ) u till all at once 9 a %ady walk we come ^u some?+ highly significant & *>act]i/ic1 ! little p>i% *ur* ) its ,lat9 inscription ov] ! portal1 ,deo erexit ,voltaire1 i4 e4 ,voltaire built x = ,god1 & z we muse ^u x1 ! pi]c+ eyes & s>donic b n unk9dly smile seem /ill to foll[ u4 ,:at meant ?is ecc5tric inscription8 ,:5 ,voltaire became possessor ( ! manor ( ,f]ney1 ! *ur* 0 badly out ( repair1 & /ood :]e x ob/ruct$ ! view f c]ta9 w9d[s ( ! *ateau4 ,s he _h x cle>$ away1 & built 9 a bett] spot ! new *ur* t is /ill !re4 ,x 0 duly consecrat$1 & ! ,pope fur!r hall[$ x ) "s relics ( anci5t sa9ts1 & !re = _m a ye> ! t5ants & dep5d5ts ( ! manor assembl$ = div9e s]vice4 ,n[h]e 9 ,france _h ,voltaire ev] se5 a *ur* d$icat$ simply to ,god2 x 0 always to ,our ,lady ( ,?is or ,sa9t ,s-&-s ( ,t2 always !re 0 "s int]m$i>y betwe5 ! dev\t s\l & ! ,god ( its wor%ip4 ,n ?us %\ld x be ) ,voltaire's *ur*1 built ^u 8 own e/ate to m9i/] to ! spiritual ne$s ( 8 p4 ,x %\ld be d$icat$ simply & )\t fur!r qualification to ! wor%ip & s]vice ( ,god4 ,fur!rmore1 x 0 built & d$icat$1 n by any ecclesia/ical or corporate body1 b by ! "l ( t manor1 ! individual layman1 ,voltaire4 ,?is1 ,i say1 0 highly *>act]i/ic & significant4 ,x gave t]se & po9t$ expression to ,voltaire's way ( look+ at su* ?+s4 ,*ur* & !ology 7 ignor$1 & ! individual s\l 0 left alone ) its ,god4 ,! ,prote/ant re=m]s & o!r free?9k]s _h /opp$ f> %ort ( ?is4 ,9 place ( an infallible ,*ur* !y _h left an infallible ,book2 if !y reject$ transub/antiation1 !y reta9$ z obligatory su* doctr9es z ^? ( ! inc>nation & atonem5t2 if !y laugh$ at ! miracles ( m$ival sa9ts1 !y w\ld all[ no discr$it to be ?r[n ^u ^? ( ! apo/olic age2 9 %ort1 !y left /&+ a l>ge "p1 if n ! l>g] "p1 ( ! sup]natural edifice )9 :i* ! religi\s m9d ( ,europe _h s long be5 %elt]$4 ,b ,voltaire reg>d$ t :ole sup]natural edifice z s mu* rubbi% :i* 0 imp$+ ! free developm5t ( ! human m9d1 & ought z quickly z possible to be torn to pieces & cle>$ away4 ,8 emotions z well z 8 reason 7 conc]n$ 9 ?is conclusion4 ,organiz$ ,*ri/ianity1 z x !n exi/$ 9 ,france1 0 responsible = mu* atroci\s inju/ice1 & 9 neighb\r+ l&s ! ,inquisition /ill exi/$4 ,ecclesia/ical bigotry1 ! prejudice ( ignorance1 :atev] t5d$ to hold p 9 d>kness & re/ra9 !m f ! free & natural use ( _! faculties1 ,voltaire hat$ ) all ! int5sity ( :i* he 0 capable4 ,he summ$ x all up 9 "o ab/ract t]m & p]sonifi$ x z ,! ,infam\s1 & ! wat*word ( t life ( tireless vigilance 0 ,cru% ! ,infam\s6 ,sup]natural !ology _h be5 too (t5 press$ into ! s]vice ( ,! ,infam\s1 & = sup]natural !ology ,voltaire c\ld f9d no place 9 8 s*eme ( ?+s4 ,he lo/ no *ance ( assail+ x ) mock]y & s>casm made t]rible by ! e>ne/ness ( 8 purpose1 until he came 9 _m qu>t]s to be reg>d$ z ! mo/ invet]ate antagoni/ ! ,*ur* _h ev] kn[n4 ,yet among ! great m5 ( lett]s 9 ,france contempor>y ) ,voltaire1 ! mo/ "p w5t immeasurably f>!r ?an he1 & w5t 9 a diff]5t direction )al1 = !y d5i$ ! reality ( ,religion4 ,few ( !m1 inde$1 believ$ 9 ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 or w\ld h _h any?+ to d ) build+ a h\se ( wor%ip4 ,x is relat$ ( ,david ,hume t :5 d9+ once 9 a p>ty ( eighte5 at ! h\se ( ,b>on d',holba*1 he express$ a d\bt z to :e!r any p]son c\ld any:]e be f\nd to av[ himself dogmatically an a!i/4 ,inde$1 my de> sir1 quo? ! ho/1 y are ?is mom5t sitt+ at table ) sev5te5 su* p]sons4 ,among t gr\p ( philosoph]s 7 m5 ( great intellig5ce & l(ty purpose1 su* z ,d',alemb]t1 ,did]ot1 ,helvtius1 ,condorcet1 ,buffon1 m5 ) m ( ! real _s ( ,*ri/ianity 9 _! natures ?an c\ld be f\nd 9 half ! *ur*es ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,! roots ( _! a!ism 7 emotional r ?an philosophical4 ,x 0 "p ( ! g5]\s b ra% & sup]ficial impati5ce ) :i* !y dis[n$ all connection :atev] ) a ,*ur* t _h become subs]vi5t to s mu* t 0 bad4 ,_! a!ism 0 "o ( ! fruits ( ! vici\s policy :i* _h suppress$ ,hugu5otism 9 ,france2 x 0 an e>ly in/ance ( :at has s9ce be5 (t5 obs]v$1 t mat]ialism & a!ism are mu* m apt to fl\ri% 9 ,romani/ ?an 9 ,prote/ant c\ntries4 ,! =m ( religion :i* is already to "s ext5t purifi$ & rationaliz$ awak5s no su* viol5t revulsion 9 free-?9k+ m9ds z ! =m t is m heavily encumb]$ ) remnants ( obsolete primitive ?\ght4 ,moreov]1 ! rationaliz+ religion ( ,prote/ant c\ntries is commonly f\nd 9 alliance ) political fre$om4 ,9 ,france "u ! ,old ,rgime1 ! ,ca?olic religion 0 /igmatiz$ z an ally ( despotism1 z well z a cong]ies ( absurd doctr9es & c]emonies4 ,! be/ m9ds felt _! common s5se %ock$ by x no less ?an _! reason4 ,no v deep ?9k+ 0 done on ! subject2 _! treatm5t ( x 0 9 g5]al extremely %all[4 ,! =ms :i* religi\s s5tim5t _h assum$ 9 ! ,middle ,ages _h become un9telligible2 ! mo/ highly end[$ m9ds 7 dead to ! sublimity ( ,go?ic ar*itecture1 & saw no?+ b grotesque folly 9 ,dante's poetry4 ,!y s]i\sly believ$ t religi\s doctr9es & ecclesia/ical gov]nm5t 7 orig9ally elaborate sy/ems ( fraud1 devis$ by sagaci\s & crafty tyrants = ! sole purpose ( enslav+ ! multitude ( mank9d4 ,no discrim9ation 0 %[n4 ,!y 7 z ready to ?r[ away belief 9 ,god z 9 ! miracles ( ,/4 ,columba1 & to sc\t at ! notion ( a future life 9 ! same t]ms z ^? 9 :i* !y d5\nc$ ! =g$ donation ( ,con/ant9e4 ,! flippant ease ) :i* !y dispos$ ( ! greate/ que/ions1 9 crass ignorance ( ! v nature ( ! problem to be solv$1 0 well illu/rat$ 9 ! rem>k ( ! a/ronom] ,lal&e1 t he _h swept ! entire heav5s ) 8 telescope & f\nd no ,god !re4 ,a simil> in/ance ( miss+ ! po9t 0 furni%$ ab\t fifty ye>s ago by ! em95t physiologi/ ,moles*ott1 :5 he exclaim$1 ,no ?\ght )\t phosphorus1 & congratulat$ himself t he _h =ev] dispos$ ( ! human s\l4 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ^? are ! two rem>ks mo/ colossal 9 _! sill9ess t ev] appe>$ 9 pr9t4 ,v diff]5t 9 _s 0 ! acute reply ( ,laplace :5 rem9d$ by ,napoleon t 8 great treatise on ! dynamics ( ! sol> sy/em conta9$ no allusion to ,god4 ,sire1 said ,laplace1 ,i _h no ne$ ( t hypo!sis4 ,?is rem>k 0 pr(\nd 9 its tru?1 = x meant t 9 ord] to give a specific explanation ( any s+le gr\p ( ph5om5a1 x w n d to appeal to div9e action1 :i* is equally ! s\rce ( all ph5om5a4 ,sci5ce c deal only ) second>y causes4 ,9 ! eighte5? c5tury m5 ( sci5ce 7 le>n+ t su* is ! case2 m5 l ,did]ot & ,d',alemb]t _h come to realize x1 & !y believ$ t ! logical result 0 a!ism4 ,?is 0 because ! only idea ( ,god :i* !y _h ev] be5 taught to ent]ta9 0 ! ,lat9 idea ( a ,god remote f ! _w & manife/$ only ?r\gh occasional int]f]5ces ) ! ord] ( nature4 ,:5 !y dismiss$ ?is idea !y decl>$ !mselves a!i/s4 ,if !y _h be5 famili> ) ! ,greek idea ( ,god z imman5t 9 ! _w & manife/$ at e mom5t ?r\gh ! ord]ly sequ5ce ( its ph5om5a1 _! conclusions w\ld d\btless h be5 v diff]5t4 ,to ^! philosoph]s ,voltaire's un%ak5 !ism seem$ a m]e bit ( ecc5tric cons]vatism4 ,b along ) t que] & int5sely indep5d5t p]sonality !re w5t a /rong] intellectual grasp & a m calm intellectual vision ?an belong$ to any o!r ,fr5*man ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! facts ( ,nature1 despite ! lifeless piecemeal fa%ion 9 :i* !y 7 !n /udi$1 ,voltaire saw a rational pr9ciple at "w :i* a!ism c\ld 9 n[ise acc\nt =4 ,to him ! univ]se seem$ full ( evid5ces ( b5efic5t purpose1 & m ?an once he set =? ) eloqu5ce & p[] ! fam\s argum5t f design1 :i* is z old z ,x5ophon's ,memorabilia1 & :i* receiv$ its fulle/ developm5t at ! h&s ( ,paley & ! au?ors ( ! ,bridgewat] ,treatises4 ,!re is ?us yet ano!r significance add$ to ! little *ur* at ,f]ney4 ,n only 0 x ! sole *ur* 9 ,france d$icat$ simply to ,god1 & n only 0 its build] a layman ho/ile to ecclesia/ical doctr9es & me?ods1 b he 0 almo/ alone among ! em95t free?9k]s ( 8 age & c\ntry 9 believ+ 9 ,god & ass]t+ ! ev]la/+ reality ( religion4 ,x is !re=e t ,i h cit$ ,voltaire z a k9d ( text = ! pres5t disc\rse2 = x is my purpose to %[ t1 ap>t f all que/ions ( revelation1 ! light ( nature af=ds u suffici5t gr\nd = ma9ta9+ t religion is fundam5tally true & mu/ endure =ev]4 ,x appe>s to me1 moreov]1 t ! mat]ialism ( ! pres5t day is m]ely a tradition h&$ d[n f ! ,fr5* writ]s :om ,voltaire combat$4 ,:5 ,moles*ott made 8 silly rem>k ab\t phosphorus1 x 0 simply an inh]itance ( sill9ess f ,lal&e4 ,:5 ,haeckel tells u t ! doctr9e ( evolution =bids u to believe 9 a future life1 x is n because he has rationally d$uc$ su* a conclusion f ! doctr9e1 b because he takes 8 op9ions on su* matt]s ready-made f ,ludwig ,b*n]1 :o is simply an e*o ( ! eighte5? c5tury a!i/ ,la ,mettrie4 ,we %all see t ! doctr9e ( evolution has implications v diff]5t f :at ,haeckel supposes4 ,b fir/ let me obs]ve 9 pass+ t 9 ! ,engli%-speak+ _w !re has nev] be5 any su* divorce betwe5 rationalism & religion z 9 ,france1 & among ! glories ( ,engli% lit]ature are su* deeply rev]5t & pr(\ndly philosophical writ+s z ^? ( ,hook] & ,*ill+wor?1 ( ,bi%op ,butl] & ,jona?an ,edw>ds1 & 9 our own "t ( ,dr4 ,m>t9eau4 ,n[h]e 9 hi/ory1 p]haps1 h fai? & reason be5 m h>moni\sly w$d$ toge!r ?an 9 ! hi/ory ( ,engli% ,prote/antism4 ,b ! di/urbance t affect$ ,france 9 ! age ( ,voltaire n[ affects ! :ole ,*ri/ian _w1 & e "q connect$ ) religion has be5 prob$ to dep?s ( :i* ! exi/5ce 0 sc>cely suspect$ a c5tury ago4 ,"o seldom1 inde$1 he>s ! frivol\s mock]y 9 :i* ! old ,fr5* writ]s dealt s freely2 t 0 an ebullition ( temp] call$ =? by a tyranny t _h come to be a social nuisance4 ,! scepticism ( our day is r sad ?an frivol\s2 x drags p f long *]i%$ notions 9 spite ( !mselves2 x sp>es b few t are active-m9d$2 x invades ! *ur*1 & does n /op 9 ! pews to li/5 b asc5ds ! pulpit & prea*es4 ,!re is no refuge any:]e f ?is d\bt+ & te/+ _s ,( ! age4 ,9 ! attitude ( civiliz$ m5 t[>ds ! _w 9 :i* we live1 ! *ange ( front has be5 /up5d\s2 ! old cosmology has be5 ov]?r[n 9 headlong ru91 attacks ^u doctr9es h multipli$1 & rituals1 cre$s1 & ,scriptures are ov]haul$ & criticis$1 until a "y g5]ation gr[s up kn[+ no?+ ( ! /urdy fai? ( its gr&fa!rs save by he>say2 = x sees ev]y?+ 9 heav5 & e>? call$ ^u to %[ its cr$5tials4 ,illu/ration ,,ii ,! ,reign ( ,law1 & ! ,greek ,idea ( ,god ,! g5]al effect ( ?is intellectual movem5t has be5 to discr$it m ?an ev] be=e ! ,lat9 idea ( ,god z a p[] outside ( ! c\rse ( nature & occasionally int]f]+ ) x4 ,9 all directions ! process ( evolution has be5 discov]$1 work+ aft] simil> me?ods1 & ?is has =c$ ^u u ! belief 9 ! ,unity ( ,nature4 ,we are ?us driv5 to ! ,greek conception ( ,god z ! p[] work+ 9 & ?r\gh nature1 )\t int]f]5ce or infraction ( law4 ,! elem5t ( *ance1 :i* "s a!i/s =m]ly admitt$ into _! s*eme ( ?+s1 is expell$4 ,nobody w\ld n[ wa/e 8 "t 9 !oriz+ ab\t a =tuit\s conc\rse ( atoms4 ,we h s f> spell$ out ! hi/ory ( creation z to see t all has be5 done 9 /rict accordance ) law4 ,! me?od has be5 ! me?od ( evolution1 & ! m we /udy x ! m d we disc]n 9 x intelligible coh]5ce4 ,"o "p ( ! /ory nev] gives ! lie to ano!r "p4 ,s beautiful is all ?is ord]ly coh]5ce1 s satisfy+ to "s ( our intellectual ne$s1 t _m m9ds are incl9$ to d\bt if any?+ m c be said ( ! univ]se ?an t x is a ,reign ( ,law1 an endless aggregate ( coexi/5ces & sequ5ces4 ,:5 we say t "o /> attracts ano!r />1 we d n really "k t !re is any pull+ 9 ! case2 all we "k is t a piece ( cosmical matt] 9 ! pres5ce ( ano!r piece ( matt] alt]s its space-relations 9 a c]ta9 specifi$ way4 ,among ! coexi/5ces & sequ5ces !re is an ord] :i* we c detect1 & a few ?9k]s are incl9$ to ma9ta9 t ?is is ! :ole /ory4 ,su* a /ate ( m9d1 :i* re/s satisfi$ ) ! m]e cont5t ( obs]v$ facts1 )\t seek+ to trace _! ultimate implications1 is ! *>act]i/ic ( :at ,augu/e ,comte call$ ,positivism4 ,x is a m ref9$ phase ( a!ism ?an t ( ! gue/s at ,b>on d',holba*'s1 b its adh]5ts are few2 = ! impetus ( mod]n sci5tific ?\ght t5ds ) ov]:elm+ =ce t[>ds ! conception ( a s+le ,fir/ ,cause1 or ,prime ,mov]1 p]petually manife/$ f mom5t to mom5t 9 all ! ,protean *anges t make up ! univ]se4 ,z ,i h else:]e s\ght to %[1 ?is is practically id5tical ) ! ,a?anasian conception ( ! imman5t ,deity4#c ,mod]n m5 ( sci5ce (t5 call ?is view ( ?+s ,monism1 b if que/ion$ n>r[ly conc]n+ ! imman5t ,fir/ ,cause1 !y reply ) a g5]al disclaim] ( k1 & ?us entitle !mselves to be call$ by ,huxley's t]m ,agno/ics4 ,?irty-five ye>s ago ,sp5c]1 tak+ a h9t f ,sir ,william ,hamilton1 us$ ! phrase ,! ,unkn[able z an equival5t = ! imman5t ,deity consid]$ p] se2 b ,i always avoid t phrase1 = 9 practice x inv>iably leads to wrong conceptions1 & naturally1 s9ce x only expresses "o side ( ! tru?4 ,if on ! "o h& x is impossible = ! f9ite ,m9d to fa?om ! ,inf9ite1 on ! o!r h& x is practically mislead+ to apply ! t]m ,unkn[able to ! ,deity t is reveal$ 9 e pulsation ( ! wondr\sly ri* & beautiful life ( ! ,univ]se4 ,= mo/ p]sons no am\nt ( explanation w prev5t ! use ( ! ^w ,unkn[able f seem+ to remove ,deity to an unapproa*able di/ance1 :]eas ! ,deity reveal$ 9 ! process ( evolution is ! ev]-pres5t ,god )\t :om n a sp>r[ falls to ! gr\nd1 & ^: voice is he>d 9 ea* :isp] ( consci5ce1 ev5 :ile 8 spl5d\r dwells 9 ! :ite ray f yond] /> t began its e>?w>d flight :ile ,abraham's %eph]ds wat*$ _! flocks4 ,x is cle> t _m p]sons h d]iv$ f ,sp5c]'s use ( ! ^w ,unkn[able an impression t he int5ds by means ( metaphysics to ref9e ,god away into no?+2 :]eas he no m *]i%es any su* int5tion ?an did ,/4 ,paul1 :5 he ask$1 ,:o ha? kn[n ! m9d ( ! ,"l1 or :o ha? be5 8 c\nsellor8--no m ?an ,isaiah did :5 he decl>$ t ev5 z ! heav5s are high] ?an ! e>?1 s are ,jehovah's ways high] ?an our ways & 8 ?\ghts ?an our ?\ghts4 ,,footnotes3 #c ,! ,idea ( ,god z affect$ by ,mod]n ,k1 ,bo/on1 #ahhe4 ,illu/ration ,,iii ,weakness ( ,mat]ialism ,j "h comes along ! mat]iali/ & asks u "s que/ions1 tries to s]ve on u a k9d ( metaphysical writ ( quo w>ranto4 ,if mod]n physics leads u inevitably to ! conception ( a s+le inf9ite ,p[] manife/$ 9 all ! ph5om5a ( ! kn[able ,univ]se1 by :at au?ority d we id5tify t ,p[] ) ! indwell+ ,deity z conceiv$ by ,/4 ,a?anasius8 ,! ,a?anasian ,deity is to "s ext5t fa%ion$ 9 ,man's image2 he is1 to say ! lea/1 l ! psy*ical "p ( ourselves4 ,aft] mak+ all possible all[ances = ! gulf :i* sep>ates t :i* is ,inf9ite & ,absolute f t :i* is ,f9ite & ,relative1 an ess5tial k9%ip is ass]t$ betwe5 ,god & ! ,human ,s\l4 ,by :at au?ority1 our mat]iali/ w ask1 d we ass]t any su* k9%ip betwe5 ! ,human ,s\l & ! ,p[] :i* mod]n physics reveals z active ?r\gh\t ! univ]se8 ,is x n go+ f> beyond our k to ass]t any su* k9%ip8 ,& w\ld x n be m mode/ & becom+ 9 u to simply designate ?is ev] active univ]sal ,p[] by "s purely sci5tific t]m1 su* z ,=ce8 ,?is argum5t is to-day a v famili> "o1 & x we>s a plausible aspect2 x is c\*$ 9 a _s ( sci5tific res]ve1 :i* w9s = x respectful consid]ation4 ,! mode/ & cauti\s _s ( sci5ce has done s mu* = u1 t x is always wise to give due he$ to its w>n+s4 ,let u bew>e ( go+ beyond our k1 says ! mat]iali/4 ,we "k no?+ b ph5om5a z manife/ations ( an indwell+ =ce2 nor h we any gr\nd = suppos+ t !re is any?+ psy*ical1 or ev5 quasi-psy*ical1 9 ! univ]se outside ( ! individual m9ds ( m5 & o!r animals4 ,moreov]1 cont9ues ! mat]iali/1 ! psy*ical ph5om5a ( :i* we are consci\s--reason1 memory1 emotion1 volition--are b peculi>ly condition$ manife/ations ( ! same indwell+ =ce :i* "u o!r conditions appe>s z light or heat or electricity4 ,all su* manife/ations are fleet+1 & beyond ?is _w ( fleet+ ph5om5a we h no w>rant1 ei!r 9 sci5ce or 9 common s5se1 = suppos+ t any?+ :atev] exi/s4 ,?is _w t is cognizable ?r\gh ! s5ses is all t !re is1 & ! /ory ( x t we c deciph] by ! aid ( t]re/rial exp]i5ce is ! :ole /ory2 ! ,unse5 ,_w is a m]e figm5t inh]it$ f ! untutor$ fancy ( primeval man4 ,su* is ! g5]al view ( ?+s :i* ,mat]ialism urges ^u u ) ! plea ( sci5tific sobriety & caution2 & to _m m9ds1 z already obs]v$1 x we>s a plausible aspect4 ,nev]!less1 :5 subject$ to criticism1 ?is !ory ( ?+s soon loses its sob] & plausible appe>ance & is se5 to be em95tly ra% & %all[4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re is no su* correlation or equival5ce z is alleg$ betwe5 physical =ces & ! ph5om5a ( consci\sness4 ,! correlations betwe5 diff]5t modes ( motion h be5 prov$ by actual quantitative measurem5t1 & nev] c\ld h be5 prov$ 9 any o!r way4 ,we "k1 = example1 t heat is a mode ( motion2 ! heat t w raise ! temp]ature ( a p\nd ( wat] by "o degree ( ,fahr5heit is exactly equival5t to ! motion ( #ggb p\nds fall+ ?r\gh a di/ance ( "o foot4 ,9 simil> wise we "k t light1 electricity1 & magnetism are modes ( motion1 transf]able "o into ano!r2 &1 al?\gh precise measurem5ts h n be5 accompli%$1 !re is no reason = d\bt+ t ! *anges 9 bra9 tissue1 :i* accompany ea* ?\ght & feel+1 are also modes ( motion1 transf]able into ! o!r physical modes4 ,b ?\ght & feel+ !mselves1 :i* c nei!r be weigh$ nor measur$1 d n admit ( be+ resolv$ into modes ( motion4 ,!y d n ent] into ! clos$ circuit ( physical trans=mations1 b /& =ev] outside ( x1 & conc5tric ) t segm5t ( ! circuit :i* passes ?r\gh ! bra94 ,x may be t ?\ght & feel+ c\ld n cont9ue to exi/ if t physical segm5t ( ! circuit 7 tak5 away4 ,x may be t !y c\ld4 ,to assume t !y c\ld n is surely ! height ( ra% presumption4 ,! correlation ( =ces exhibits ,m9d z 9 n[ise a product ( ,matt]1 b z some?+ 9 its gr[? & manife/ations outside & p>allel4 ,x is incompatible ) ! !ory t ! relation ( ! human s\l to ! body is l t ( music to ! h>p2 b x is q compatible ) ! "t-hon\r$ !ory ( ! human s\l z indwell+ 9 ! body & escap+ f x at dea?4 ,9 ! second place1 :5 we come to ! d5ial ( all k9%ip betwe5 ! human s\l & ! ,inf9ite ,p[] t is reveal$ 9 all ph5om5a1 ! mat]iali/ic !ory raises difficulties z great z ^? :i* x seeks to avoid4 ,! difficulties :i* x wi%es to avoid are ^? :i* inevitably encumb] ! attempt to conceive ( ,deity z ,p]sonality ex]t+ volition & *]i%+ intellig5t purpose4 ,su* difficulties are und5iably great2 nay1 !y are insup]able4 ,:5 we speak ( ,intellig5ce & ,w & ,p]sonality1 we mu/ use ^! words ) ! mean+s 9 :i* exp]i5ce has clo!d !m1 or we %all soon f9d ourselves talk+ nons5se4 ,! only intellig5ce we "k is /rictly s]ial 9 its nature1 & is limit$ by ! exi/5ce ( indep5d5t objects ( cognition4 ,:at flight ( analogy c be> u across ! gulf t divides su* f9ite intellig5ce f t unlimit$ ,k to :i* all ?+s pa/ & future are ev] pres5t8 ,volition1 z we "k x1 implies alt]native c\rses ( action1 antec$5t motives1 & result+ ef=t4 ,l intellig5ce1 its op]ations are s]ial4 ,:at1 !n1 d we really mean1 if we speak ( omnipres5t ,volition a*iev+ at "o & ! same mom5t an inf9ite v>iety ( ends8 ,s1 too1 ) ,p]sonality3 :5 we speak ( p]sonality t is n circumscrib$ by limits1 are we n us+ language f :i* all ! mean+ has evaporat$8 ,su* difficulties are insurm\ntable4 ,words :i* h ga9$ _! mean+s f f9ite exp]i5ce ( f9ite objects ( ?\ght mu/ inevitably falt] & fail :5 we seek to apply !m to t :i* is ,inf9ite4 ,b we d n m5d matt]s by empty+ t]ms tak5 f ! inorganic _w r ?an f human p]sonality4 ,to designate ! univ]sal ,p[] by "s sci5tific t]m1 su* z ,=ce1 does n help u 9 ! lea/4 ,all our exp]i5ce ( =ce is an exp]i5ce ( f9ite =ces antagoniz$ by o!r =ces4 ,we c frame no conception :atev] ( ,inf9ite ,=ce compris+ )9 itself all ! myriad antagoni/ic attractions & repulsions 9 :i* ! dynamic univ]se consi/s4 ,we g beyond our k :5 we speak ( ,inf9ite ,=ce q z mu* z we d :5 we speak ( ,inf9ite ,p]sonality4 ,inde$1 no ^w or phrase :i* we seek to apply to ,deity c be o!r ?an an extremely inadequate & unsatisfactory symbol4 ,f ! v nature ( ! case x mu/ always be s1 & if we once und]/& ! reason :y1 x ne$ n vex or puzzle u4 ,x is n only :5 we try to speculate ab\t ,deity t we f9d ourselves encompass$ ) difficulties & are made to realize h[ v %ort is our m5tal te!r 9 "s directions4 ,?is _w1 9 its commone/ aspects1 pres5ts _m baffl+ problems1 ( :i* x is sometimes :olesome t we %\ld be rem9d$4 ,if y look at a piece ( iron1 x seems solid2 x looks z if its p>ticles mu/ be ev]y:]e 9 contact ) "o ano!r4 ,& yet1 by hamm]+1 or by great pressure1 or by int5se cold1 ! piece ( iron may be compress$1 s t x w occupy less space ?an be=e4 ,evid5tly1 !n1 its p>ticles are n 9 contact1 b are sep>at$ f "o ano!r by unoccupi$ tracts ( envelop+ space4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 ^! p>ticles are atoms arrang$ aft] a complicat$ fa%ion 9 clu/]s kn[n z molecules4 ,! ^w atom means some?+ t _c be cut4 ,n[1 are ^! iron atoms divisible or indivisible8 ,if !y are divisible1 !n :at ( ! p>ts into :i* ea* "o c be divid$2 are !y also divisible8 & s on =ev]4 ,b if ^! iron atoms are indivisible1 h[ c we conceive su* a ?+8 ,c we imag9e two sides s close toge!r t no plane ( cleavage c\ld pass betwe5 !m8 ,c we imag9e cohesive t5acity too great to be ov]come by any assignable disruptive =ce1 & !re=e inf9ite8 ,suppose1 n[1 we heat ?is piece ( iron to a :ite heat4 ,sci5tific inquiry has reveal$ ! fact t its atom-clu/]s are float+ 9 an ocean ( e!r1 9 :i* are also float+ ! atom-clu/]s ( o!r bodies & ( ! air ab\t u4 ,! heat+ is ! increase ( wave motion 9 ?is e!r1 until pres5tly a second>y s]ies ( int5sely rapid waves appe> z :ite light4 ,n[ ?is e!r w\ld seem to be ( inf9ite r>ity1 s9ce x does n affect ! weight ( bodies1 & yet its wave-motions imply an ela/icity f> great] ?an t ( coil$ /eel4 ,h[ c we imag9e su* p[]ful resili5ce comb9$ ) su* extreme t5uity8 ,^! are a few ( ! difficulties ( conception 9 :i* ! /udy ( physical sci5ce ab\nds1 & ,i cite !m because x is :olesome = u to be> 9 m9d t su* difficulties are n conf9$ to !ological subjects4 ,!y s]ve to %[ h[ our p[]s ( conceiv+ ideas are /rictly limit$ by ! nature ( our exp]i5ce4 ,! illu/ration j cit$ f ! lum9if]\s e!r simply %[s h[ dur+ ! pa/ c5tury ! /udy ( radiant =ces has introduc$ u to a mode ( mat]ial exi/5ce q diff]5t f any?+ t _h =m]ly be5 kn[n or suspect$4 ,9 ?is mode ( matt] we f9d attributes unit$ :i* all previ\s exp]i5ce _h taught u to reg>d z contradictory & incompatible4 ,yet ! facts _c be d5i$2 h>d z we may f9d x to frame ! conception1 ?is light-be>+ sub/ance is at ! same "t almo/ inf9itely r>e & almo/ inf9itely resili5t4 ,if su* difficulties confront u ^u ! occasion ( a fre% ext5sion ( our k ( ! physical _w1 :at mu/ we expect :5 we come to speculate ^u ! nature & modes ( exi/5ce ( ,god8 ,be>+ ?is 9 m9d1 let u proce$ to consid] ! assumption t ! ,inf9ite ,p[] :i* is manife/$ 9 ! univ]se is ess5tially psy*ical 9 its nature2 9 o!r words1 t betwe5 ,god & ! ,human ,s\l !re is real k9%ip1 al?\gh we may be unable to r5d] any sci5tific acc\nt ( x4 ,let u consid] ?is assumption hi/orically1 & 9 ! light ( our g5]al k ( ,evolution4 ,illu/ration ,,iv ,religion's ,fir/ ,po/ulate3 ! ,quasi-,human ,god ,x is ) purpose t ,i use ! ^w assumption4 ,z a matt] ( hi/ory1 ! exi/5ce ( a quasi-human ,god has always be5 an assumption or po/ulate4 ,x is some?+ :i* m5 h all along tak5 = grant$4 ,x probably nev] occurr$ to anybody to try to prove ! exi/5ce ( su* a ,god until x 0 d\bt$1 & d\bts on t subject are v mod]n4 ,omitt+ f ! acc\nt a few score ( +5i\s philosoph]s1 x may be said t all mank9d1 ! wise/ & ! simple/1 h tak5 = grant$ ! exi/5ce ( a ,deity1 or deities1 ( a psy*ical nature m or less simil> to t ( ,humanity4 ,su* a po/ulate has =m$ a "p ( all human ?9k+ f primitive ages d[n to ! pres5t "t4 ,! =ms 9 :i* x has appe>$ h be5 myriad 9 numb]1 b all h be5 includ$ 9 ?is same fundam5tal assumption4 ,! e>lie/ =ms 7 ^? :i* we call feti%ism & animism4 ,9 feti%ism ! w9d t bl[s a tree d[n is end[$ ) p]sonality & suppos$ to ex]t consci\s ef=t2 9 animism "s gho/ ( a dead man is animat+ t gu/ ( w9d4 ,9 ei!r case a consci\s volition simil> to our own1 b outside ( u1 is suppos$ to be at "w4 ,!re has be5 "s discussion z to :e!r feti%ism or animism is ! m primitive1 & "s writ]s w\ld reg>d feti%ism z a special case ( animism2 b x is n necess>y to my pres5t purpose t su* que/ions %\ld be settl$4 ,! ma9 po9t is ?is1 t 9 ! e>lie/ phases ( !ism ea* op]ation ( ,nature 0 suppos$ to h "s quasi-human p]sonality beh9d x4 ,su* phases we f9d among contempor>y savages1 & !re is abundant evid5ce ( _! =m] exi/5ce among peoples n[ civiliz$4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ages !re 0 a good deal ( g5]aliz+ done4 ,poseidon c\ld %ake ! l& & preside ov] ! sea1 angry ,apollo c\ld %oot arr[s tipp$ ) pe/il5ce1 mis*iev\s ,h]mes c\ld play pranks 9 ! summ] breezes1 :ile z "l ov] all1 ?\gh ) some:at fitful sway1 /ood ,zeus on ! summit ( ,olympus1 ga!r+ ! ra9-cl\ds & wield+ ! ?und]bolt4 ,no?+ b increas+ k ( nature 0 ne$$ to conv]t su* ,poly!ism into ,mono!ism1 ev5 into ! /rict ,mono!ism ( our own "t1 9 :i* ! :ole univ]se is ! multi=m manife/ation ( a s+le ,deity t is /ill reg>d$ z 9 "s real & true s5se quasi-human4 ,z ! notion ( ,deity has ?us be5 gradually g5]aliz$1 f a ?\s& local gods to "o omnipres5t ,god1 x has be5 gradually /ripp$ ( its gross] an?ropomorphic ve/m5ts4 ,! tutel> ,deity ( a savage clan is suppos$ to %>e ) 8 dev\t wor%ipp]s 9 ! cannibal banquet2 ! ,gods ( ,olympus made w> & love1 & 7 mov$ to fits ( inext+ui%able laught]4 ,f our mod]n ,mono!ism su* accid5ts ( humanity are elim9at$1 b ! notion ( a k9%ip betwe5 ,god & man rema9s1 & is rightly felt to be ess5tial to !ism4 ,take away f our notion ( ,god ! human elem5t1 & ! !ism in/antly vani%es2 x ceases to be a notion ( ,god4 ,we may reta9 an ab/ract symbol to :i* we apply "s su* epi!t z ,=ce1 or ,en]gy1 or ,p[]1 b !re is no?+ !i/ic 9 ?is4 ,"s +5i\s philosoph] may try to p]suade u to ! contr>y1 b ! ,human ,s\l kn[s bett]2 x kn[s at lea/ :at x wants2 x has ask$ = ,!ology1 n = ,dynamics1 & x res5ts all su* attempts to palm (f ^u x /ones = bread4 ,our philosoph] w "h p]haps lift up 8 h&s 9 dismay & cry1 ,hold6 :at matt]s x :at ! ,human ,s\l wants8 ,are crav+s1 =soo?1 to be made to d duty z reasons8 ,x is prop] to reply t we are try+ to deal ) ?is :ole subject aft] ! mann] ( ! naturali/1 :i* is to describe ?+s z !y exi/ & acc\nt = !m z be/ we may4 ,i say1 !n1 t mank9d h fram$1 & = long ages ma9ta9$1 a notion ( ,god into :i* !re ent]s a human elem5t4 ,n[ if x %\ld ev] be possible to aboli% t human elem5t1 x w\ld n be possible to *eat mank9d into accept+ ! non-human remnant ( ! notion z an equival5t ( ! full notion ( :i* !y _h be5 depriv$4 ,take away f our symbolic conception ( ,god ! human elem5t1 & t aspect ( !ism :i* has f ! outset *iefly int]e/$ mank9d is gone4 ,illu/ration ,v ,religions ,second ,po/ulate3 ! undy+ ,human ,s\l ,t supremely int]e/+ aspect ( !ism belongs to x z "p & p>cel ( ! g5]al belief 9 an ,unse5 ,_w1 9 :i* human be+s h an int]e/4 ,! belief 9 ! p]sonal cont9uance ( ! individual human s\l aft] dea? is a v anci5t "o4 ,! savage cu/om ( bury+ ut5sils & tr9kets = ! use ( ! deceas$ enables u to trace x back into ! ,glacial ,p]iod4 ,we may safely say t = mu* m ?an a hundr$ ?\s& ye>s mank9d h reg>d$ !mselves z p]sonally int]e/$ 9 two worlds1 ! physical _w :i* daily greets our wak+ s5ses1 & ano!r _w1 comp>atively dim & vaguely outl9$1 ) :i* ! psy*ical side ( humanity is m closely connect$4 ,! belief 9 ! ,unse5 ,_w seems to be coext5sive ) !ism2 ! animism ( ! l[e/ savages includes bo?4 ,no race or tribe ( m5 has ev] be5 f\nd de/itute ( ! belief 9 a gho/-_w4 ,n[1 a gho/-_w implies ! p]sonal cont9uance ( human be+s aft] dea?1 & x also implies id5tity ( nature betwe5 ! gho/s ( man & ! indwell+ spirits ( sun1 w9d1 & flood4 ,x is *iefly because ^! ideas are s closely int]wov5 9 savage ?\ght t x is (t5 s difficult to discrim9ate betwe5 feti%ism & animism4 ,^! savage ideas are ( c\rse extremely crude 9 _! symbolism4 ,) ! gradual civilization ( human ?9k+1 ! ref9em5t 9 ! conception ( ! ,deity is p>allel$ by ! ref9em5t 9 ! conception ( ! ,o!r ,_w4 ,f ,valhalla to ,dante's ,p>adise1 :at an immeasurable di/ance ! human m9d has travell$6 ,9 our mod]n ,mono!ism ! assumption ( k9%ip betwe5 ,god & ! ,human ,s\l is ! assumption t !re is 9 ,man a psy*ical elem5t id5tical 9 nature ) t :i* is et]nal4 ,belief 9 a quasi-human ,god & belief 9 ! ,s\l's immortality ?us appe> 9 _! orig9 & developm5t1 z 9 _! ultimate significance1 to be insep>ably connect$4 ,!y are "p & p>cel ( "o & ! same effloresc5ce ( ! human m9d4 ,mank9d has always ent]ta9$ !m 9 common1 & s ent]ta9s !m n[2 & 7 x possible 7:i* x is n7 = sci5ce to disprove ! ,s\l's immortality1 a !ism depriv$ ( ?is elem5t w\ld surely nev] be accept$ z an equival5t = ! !ism ent]ta9$ be=e4 ,! ,positivi/ argum5t t ! only wor?y immortality is survival 9 ! grateful remembrance ( "o's fell[ creatures w\ld h>dly be reg>d$ z any?+ b a trave/y & trick4 ,if ! _w's long *]i%$ beliefs are to fall1 9 ,god's "n let !m fall1 b save u f ! intellectual hypocrisy t goes ab\t pret5d+ we are none ! poor]6 ,illu/ration ,,vi ,religions ,?ird ,po/ulate3 ! ,e?ical ,significance ( ! ,unse5 ,_w ,our acc\nt ( ! rise & progress ( ! g5]al belief 9 an ,unse5 ,_w is1 h[ev]1 n yet complete4 ,no m5tion has be5 made ( an elem5t :i* app>5tly has always be5 pres5t 9 ! belief4 ,i mean ! e?ical elem5t4 ,! savage's primeval gho/-_w is always mix$ up ) 8 *ildlike notions ( :at he ought to d & :at he ought n to d4 ,! native ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego1 :o =ebod$ a sn[/orm because "o ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's p>ty kill$ "s birds = specim5s1 furni%es an excell5t illu/ration4 ,9 a tribe liv+ always on ! br9k ( />vation1 any wanton sacrifice ( meat mu/ awak5 ! wra? ( ! tutel> ance/ral gho/-deities :o control ! wea!r4 ,notions ( a simil> sort are connect$ ) ! direful ho/ ( om5s t dog ! savage's foot/eps ?r\gh ! _w4 ,:atev] conduct ! necessities ( clan or tribe h prohibit$ soon comes to we> ! aspect ( sacrilege4 ,?us inextricably int]tw9$ f ! mom5t ( _! fir/ dim dawn+ ^u ! consci\sness ( nasc5t ,humanity1 h be5 ! notion ( ,deity1 ! notion ( an ,unse5 ,_w1 & ! notions ( ,"r & ,wrong4 ,9 _! beg9n+s !ology & e?ics 7 insep>able2 9 all ! va/ hi/oric developm5t ( religion !y h rema9$ insep>able4 ,! grotesque conceptions ( primitive m5 h giv5 place to conceptions fram$ aft] wid] & deep] exp]i5ce1 b ! union ( e?ics ) !ology rema9s undi/urb$ ev5 9 t mo/ ref9$ religi\s philosophy :i* v5tures no op9ion conc]n+ ! happ9ess or mis]y ( a future life1 except t ! se$ s[n "h w naturally det]m9e ! fruit to be ga!r$ h]eaft]4 ,all ! analogies t mod]n k c br+ to be> ^u ! !ory ( a future life po9t to ! op9ion t ! brea* ( physical cont9uity is n accompani$ by any brea* ( e?ical cont9uity4 ,su* an op9ion relat+ to matt]s beyond exp]i5ce _c ( c\rse be call$ sci5tific1 b :e!r x be ju/ifiable or n1 my po9t is t nei!r 9 ! crude fancies ( primitive m5 nor 9 ! mo/ ref9$ mod]n philosophy c !ology divorce itself f e?ics4 ,take away ! e?ical significance f our conceptions ( ! ,unse5 ,_w & ! quasi-human ,god1 & no elem5t ( significance rema9s4 ,all t 0 vital 9 !ism is gone4 ,illu/ration ,,vii ,is ! ,sub/ance ( ,religion a ,phantom1 or an ,et]nal ,reality8 ,we are n[ prep>$ to see :at is involv$ 9 ! ,reality ( ,religion4 ,speak+ hi/orically1 x may be said t ,religion has always _h two sides3 on ! "o side x has consi/$ ( a !ory1 m or less elaborate1 & on ! o!r side x has consi/$ ( a gr\p ( s5tim5ts con=mable to ! !ory4 ,n[ 9 all ages & 9 e =m ( ,religion1 ! !ory has compris$ ?ree ess5tial elem5ts3 fir/1 belief 9 ,deity1 z quasi-human2 secondly1 belief 9 an ,unse5 ,_w 9 :i* human be+s cont9ue to exi/ aft] dea?2 ?irdly1 recognition ( ! e?ical aspects ( human life z relat$ 9 a special & intimate s5se to ?is ,unse5 ,_w4 ,^! ?ree elem5ts are alike indisp5sable4 ,if any "o ( ! ?ree be tak5 away1 ! remnant _c prop]ly be call$ ,religion4 ,is !n ! subject-matt] ( ,religion some?+ real & sub/antial1 or is x a m]e figm5t ( ! imag9ation8 ,has ,religion ?r\gh all ^! we>y c5turies be5 deal+ ) an et]nal v]ity1 or has x be5 bl9dly grop+ aft] a phantom8 ,c t hi/ory ( ! univ]se :i* we call ! ,doctr9e ( ,evolution be made to furni% any lesson t w prove helpful 9 answ]+ ?is "q8 ,we %all f9d1 ,i ?9k1 t x does furni% su* a lesson4 ,b fir/ let u rememb] t along ) ! ?ree indisp5sable elem5ts "h specifi$1 e hi/oric ,religion has also conta9$ a quantity ( cosmological speculations1 metaphysical doctr9es1 prie/ly rites & c]emonies & injunctions1 & a v consid]able "p ( ?is /ructure has be5 demoli%$ by mod]n criticism4 ,! de/ruction ( beliefs has be5 s great t we c h>dly ?9k x /range if "s critics h tak5 x into _! heads t no?+ c be rescu$4 ,b let u see :at ! doctr9e ( evolution has to say4 ,our inquiry may seem to take u v f> afield1 b t we ne$ n m9d if we f9d ! answ] by & by direct+ u homew>d4 ,illu/ration ,,viii ,! ,fundam5tal ,aspect ( ,life ,i (t5 ?9k1 :5 work+ ov] my plants1 ( :at ,l9nu once said ( ! unfold+ ( a blossom3 ,i saw ,god 9 ,8 glory pass+ ne> me1 & b[$ my head 9 wor%ip1 ,! sci5tific aspect ( ! same ?\ght has be5 put into words by ,t5nyson3-- ,fl[] 9 ! cranni$ wall1 ,i pluck y out ( ! crannies1 ,i hold y "h1 root & all1 9 my h&1 ,little fl[]1--b if ,i c\ld und]/& ,:at y are1 root & all1 & all 9 all1 ,i %\ld "k :at ,god & man is4 ,no deep] ?\ght 0 ev] utt]$ by poet4 ,= 9 ?is _w ( plants1 :i* ) its magician *lorophyll conjur+ ) sunbeams is ceaselessly at "w br++ life out ( dea?1--9 ?is quiet vegetable _w we may f9d ! elem5t>y pr9ciples ( all life 9 almo/ visible op]ation4 ,x is "o ( ^! elem5t>y pr9ciples--a v simple & broad "o--t "h conc]ns u4 ,"o ( ! greate/ contributions ev] made to sci5tific k is ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s pr(\nd & lum9\s exposition ( ,life z ! cont9u\s adju/m5t ( inn] relations to out] relations4 ,! extreme simplicity ( ! subject 9 its e>lie/ illu/rations is su* t ! /ud5t at fir/ h>dly suspects ! weal? ( k t[>d :i* x is po9t+ ! way4 ,! mo/ fundam5tal *>act]i/ic ( liv+ ?+s is _! response to ext]nal /imuli4 ,if y come ^u a dog ly+ by ! roadside & are 9 d\bt :e!r he is alive or dead1 y poke him ) a /ick2 if y get no response y pres5tly conclude t x is a dead dog4 ,s if ! tree fails to put =? leaves 9 response to ! ris+ v]nal temp]ature1 x is an indication ( dea?4 ,p\r wat] on a droop+ plant1 & x %[s its life by re>+ its head4 ,! gr[? ( a plant is 9 its ultimate analysis a gr\p ( motions put =? 9 adju/m5t to a gr\p ( physical & *emical conditions 9 ! soil & atmosph]e4 ,a f9e illu/ration is ! spiral di/ribution ( leaves ab\t ! /em1 at diff]5t angul> int]vals 9 diff]5t k9ds ( plants1 b always s arrang$ z to ensure ! mo/ complete exposure ( ! *lorophyll to ! sunbeams4 ,e feature ( ! plant is explicable on simil> pr9ciples4 ,x is ! result ( a cont9u\s adju/m5t ( relations )9 ! plant to relations exi/+ outside ( x4 ,x is important t we %\ld =m a cle> conception ( ?is1 & a contra/$ in/ance w help u4 ,take "o ( ^? /orm-glasses 9 :i* ! approa* ( atmosph]ic di/urbance sets up a fea!ry cry/allization t *anges 9 %ape & di/ribution z ! /ate ( ! air outside *anges4 ,"h is some?+ t simulates vegetable life1 b !re is a pr(\nd diff]5ce4 ,9 e "o ( ^! *anges ! liquid 9 ! /orm-glass is passive2 x is *ang$ & waits until x is *ang$ aga94 ,b 9 ! case ( a tree1 :5 ! increas$ supply ( sol> radiance 9 spr+ causes ^? int]nal motions :i* result 9 ! putt+ =? ( leaves1 x is q ano!r affair4 ,"h ! ext]nal *ange sets up an int]nal *ange :i* leads to a second int]nal *ange t anticipates a second ext]nal *ange4 ,x is ?is active response t is ! m>k ( life4 ,all life ^u ! globe1 :e!r physical or psy*ical1 repres5ts ! cont9u\s adju/m5t ( inn] to out] relations4 ,! degree ( life is l[ or high1 accord+ z ! correspond5ce betwe5 int]nal & ext]nal relations is simple or complex1 limit$ or ext5sive1 p>tial or complete1 p]fect or imp]fect4 ,! relations e/abli%$ )9 a plant answ] only to ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( a c]ta9 quantity ( light & heat1 & to sundry *emical & physical relations 9 atmosph]e & soil4 ,9 a polyp1 besides g5]al relations simil> to ^!1 c]ta9 m special relations are e/abli%$ 9 correspond5ce ) ! et]nal exi/5ce ( me*anical irritants2 z :5 its t5tacles contract on be+ t\*$4 ,! increase ( ext5sion acquir$ by ! correspond5ces z we asc5d ! animal scale may be se5 by contra/+ ! polyp1 :i* c simply di/+ui% betwe5 soluble & insoluble matt]1 or betwe5 opacity & transluc5ce 9 its environm5t1 ) ! ke5-sc5t$ bloodh\nd & ! f>-sight$ vulture4 ,& ! increase ( complexity may be appreciat$ by comp>+ ! motions respectively gone ?r\gh by ! polyp on ! "o h&1 & by ! dog & vulture on ! o!r1 :ile secur+ & dispos+ ( _! prey4 ,! m specific & accurate1 ! m complex & ext5sive1 is ! response to environ+ relations1 ! high] & ri*]1 we say1 is ! life4 ,illu/ration ,,ix ,h[ ! ,evolution ( ,s5ses exp&s ! ,_w ,! :ole progression ( life ^u ! globe1 9 s f> z x has be5 a*iev$ ?r\gh natural selection1 has consi/$ 9 ! pres]vation & ! propagation ( ^? liv+ creatures 9 :om ! adju/m5t ( inn] relations to out] relations is mo/ successful4 ,?is is only a m detail$ & descriptive way ( say+ t natural selection is equival5t to survival ( ! fitte/4 ,! %apes ( animals1 z well z _! capacities1 h be5 evolv$ ?r\gh almo/ inf9itely sl[ increm5ts ( adju/m5t ^u adju/m5t4 ,9 ?is way1 = in/ance1 has be5 evolv$ ! v]tebrate skeleton1 ?r\gh a process ( :i* ,sp5c]'s wond]ful analysis is z ?rill+ z a poem4 ,or consid] ! developm5t ( ! special organs ( s5se4 ,among ! mo/ />tl+ disclosures ( embryology are ^? :i* relate to ?is subject4 ,! mo/ p]fect organs ( t\* are ! vibriss :isk]s ( ! cat1 :i* act z long lev]s 9 communicat+ impulses to ! n]ve-fibres t t]m9ate 9 clu/]s ab\t ! d]mal sacs 9 :i* !y are ins]t$4 ,^! cat-:isk]s are m]ely specializ$ =ms ( su* hairs z ^? :i* cov] ! bodies ( mo/ mammals1 & :i* rema9 9 evanesc5t %ape ^u ! human sk9 imb$d$ 9 m9ute sacs4 ,n[ 9 _! orig9 ! eye & e> are id5tical ) vibriss4 ,9 ! e>ly /ages ( v]tebrate life1 :ile ! diff]5tiations ( d]mal tissue w5t mo/ly to ! production ( hairs or fea!rs or scales1 sundry special diff]5tiations w5t to ! production ( e>s & eyes4 ,embryology %[s t 9 mammals ! bulb ( ! eye & ! auditory *amb] are extremely metamorphos$ hair-sacs1 ! cry/all9e l5s is a diff]5tiat$ hair1 & ! aque\s & vitre\s hum\rs are liquefi$ d]mal tissue6 ,! implication ( ^! wond]ful facts is t sight & he>+ 7 sl[ly diff]5tiat$ f ! s5se ( t\*4 ,"o c seem to disc]n h[ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! eye !re 0 at fir/ a conc5tration ( pigm5t gra9s 9 a p>ticul> d]mal sac1 mak+ t spot exceptionally s5sitive to light2 !n came by sl[ degrees ! height5$ transluc5ce1 ! convexity ( surface1 ! refract+ hum\rs1 & ! multiplication ( n]ve-vesicles arrang+ !mselves z ret9al rods4 ,& :at 0 ! result ( all ?is = ! creature 9 :om organs ( vision 7 ?us develop$8 ,!re 0 an imm5se ext5sion ( ! range1 complexity1 & def9it5ess ( ! adju/m5t ( inn] relations to out] relations2 9 o!r words1 !re 0 an imm5se increase ( life4 ,!re came into exi/5ce1 moreov]1 = ^? ) eyes to see x1 a mighty visible _w t = sightless creatures _h be5 virtually non-exi/5t4 ,) ! fur!r progress ( organic life1 ! high developm5t ( ! s5ses 0 att5d$ or foll[$ by increase ( bra9 developm5t & ! correlative intellig5ce1 immeasurably enl>g+ ! scope ( ! correspond5ces betwe5 ! liv+ creature & ! out] _w4 ,9 ! case ( ,man1 ! adju/m5ts by :i* we meet ! exig5cies ( life f day to day are l>gely psy*ical1 a*iev$ by ! aid ( ideal repres5tations ( environ+ circum/ances4 ,our actions are guid$ by our !ory ( ! situation1 & x ne$s no illu/ration to %[ u t a true !ory is an adju/m5t ( "o's ideas to ! ext]nal facts1 & t su* adju/m5ts are helps to successful liv+4 ,! :ole wor? ( education is direct$ t[>d cultivat+ ! capacity ( fram+ associations ( ideas t con=m to objective facts4 ,x is ?us t life is guid$4 ,illu/ration ,x ,nature's ,et]nal ,lesson is ! ,ev]la/+ ,reality ( ,religion ,s z we look back ov] ! m>vell\s life-hi/ory ( our planet1 ev5 f ! dull "t :5 !re 0 no life m exalt$ ?an t ( conf]va scum on ! surface ( a pool1 ?r\gh ages innum]able until ! pres5t "t :5 ,man is le>n+ h[ to deciph] ,nature's secrets1 we look back ov] an inf9itely sl[ s]ies ( m9ute adju/m5ts1 gradually & labori\sly increas+ ! po9ts ( contact betwe5 ! inn] ,life & ! ,_w environ+4 ,/ep by /ep 9 ! upw>d advance t[>d ,humanity ! environm5t has enl>g$4 ,! _w ( ! fre%-wat] alga 0 its t9y pool dur+ its brief t]m ( exi/5ce2 ! _w ( civiliz$ man compreh5ds ! /ell> univ]se dur+ c\ntless ons ( "t4 ,e /age ( enl>gem5t has _h ref]5ce to actual exi/5ces outside4 ,! eye 0 develop$ 9 response to ! outw>d exi/5ce ( radiant light1 ! e> 9 response to ! outw>d exi/5ce ( ac\/ic vibrations1 ! "m's love came 9 response to ! infant's ne$s1 fidelity & hon\r 7 sl[ly develop$ z ! nasc5t social life requir$ !m2 ev]y:]e ! int]nal adju/m5t has be5 br\ght ab\t s z to h>monize ) "s actually exi/+ ext]nal fact4 ,su* has be5 ,nature's me?od1 su* is ! deepe/ law ( life t sci5ce has be5 able to detect4 ,n[ !re 0 a critical mom5t 9 ! hi/ory ( our planet1 :5 love 0 beg9n+ to play a "p hi!rto unkn[n1 :5 notions ( "r & wrong 7 g]m9at+ 9 ! nasc5t ,human ,s\l1 :5 ! family 0 com+ into exi/5ce1 :5 social ties 7 beg9n+ to be knit1 :5 w+$ words fir/ took _! flight ?r\gh ! air4 ,x 0 ! mom5t :5 ! process ( evolution 0 be+ %ift$ to a high] plane1 :5 civilization 0 to be sup]add$ to organic evolution1 :5 ! la/ & highe/ ( creatures 0 com+ ^u ! sc5e1 :5 ! dramatic purpose ( creation 0 approa*+ fulfilm5t4 ,at t critical mom5t we see ! nasc5t ,human ,s\l vaguely rea*+ =? t[>d some?+ ak9 to itself n 9 ! realm ( fleet+ ph5om5a b 9 ! ,et]nal ,pres5ce beyond4 ,an int]nal adju/m5t ( ideas 0 a*iev$ 9 correspond5ce ) an ,unse5 ,_w4 ,t ! ideas 7 v crude & *ildlike1 t !y 7 put toge!r ) all mann] ( grotesqu5ess1 is :at might be expect$4 ,! c>d9al fact is t ! crude *ildlike m9d 0 grop+ to put itself into relation ) an e?ical _w n visible to ! s5ses4 ,& "o aspect ( ?is fact1 n to be lightly pass$ ov]1 is ! fact t ,religion1 ?us u%]$ ^u ! sc5e coeval ) ! bir? ( ,humanity1 has play$ su* a dom9ant "p 9 ! subsequ5t evolution ( human society t :at hi/ory w\ld be )\t x is q beyond imag9ation4 ,z to ! dim5sions ( ?is c>d9al fact !re c ?us be no "q4 ,none c d5y t x is ! l>ge/ & mo/ ubiquit\s fact connect$ ) ! exi/5ce ( mank9d ^u ! e>?4 ,n[ if ! relation ?us e/abli%$ 9 ! morn+ twilight ( ,man's exi/5ce betwe5 ! ,human ,s\l & a _w invisible & immat]ial is a relation ( :i* only ! subjective t]m is real & ! objective t]m is non-exi/5t1 !n1 ,i say1 x is some?+ utt]ly )\t prec$5t 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( creation4 ,all ! analogies ( ,evolution1 s f> z we h yet be5 able to deciph] x1 are ov]:elm+ aga9/ any su* supposition4 ,to suppose t dur+ c\ntless ages1 f ! seawe$ up to ,man1 ! progress ( life 0 a*iev$ ?r\gh adju/m5ts to ext]nal realities1 b t !n ! me?od 0 all at once *ang$ & ?r\gh\t a va/ prov9ce ( evolution ! end 0 secur$ ?r\gh adju/m5ts to ext]nal non-realities1 is to d %e] viol5ce to logic & to common s5se4 ,or1 to v>y ! =m ( /atem5t1 s9ce e adju/m5t :]eby any creature su/a9s life may be call$ a true /ep1 & e maladju/m5t :]eby life is wreck$ may be call$ a false /ep2 if we are ask$ to believe t ,nature1 aft] hav+ ?r\gh\t ! :ole r\nd ( h] inf]ior products a*iev$ results ?r\gh ! accumulation ( all true /eps & pitiless rejection ( all false /eps1 sudd5ly *ang$ h] me?od & 9 ! case ( h] highe/ product began a*iev+ results ?r\gh ! accumulation ( false /eps2 ,i say we are entitl$ to res5t su* a sugge/ion z an insult to our und]/&+s4 ,all ! analogies ( ,nature fairly %\t aga9/ ! assumption ( su* a brea* ( cont9uity betwe5 ! evolution ( ,man & all previ\s evolution4 ,s f> z our k ( ,nature goes ! :ole mom5tum ( x c>ries u onw>d to ! conclusion t ! ,unse5 ,_w1 z ! objective t]m 9 a relation ( fundam5tal importance t has coexi/$ ) ! :ole c>e] ( ,mank9d1 has a real exi/5ce2 & x is b foll[+ out ! analogy to reg>d t ,unse5 ,_w z ! !atre :]e ! e?ical process is de/9$ to rea* its full consummation4 ,! lesson ( evolution is t ?r\gh all ^! we>y ages ! ,human ,s\l has n be5 *]i%+ 9 ,religion a delusive phantom1 b 9 spite ( seem+ly endless grop+ & /umbl+ x has be5 ris+ to ! recognition ( its ess5tial k9%ip ) ! ev]-liv+ ,god4 ,( all ! implications ( ! doctr9e ( evolution ) reg>d to ,man1 ,i believe ! v deepe/ & /ronge/ to be t :i* ass]ts ! ,ev]la/+ ,reality ( ,religion4 ,s f> z ,i am aw>e1 ! =ego+ argum5t is "h advanc$ = ! fir/ "t4 ,x does n pret5d to meet ! requirem5ts ( sci5tific demon/ration4 ,"o mu/ n look = sci5tific demon/ration 9 problems t conta9 s _m factors transc5d+ our direct exp]i5ce4 ,b z an appeal to our common s5se1 ! argum5t "h br\ght =w>d surely has trem5d\s weight4 ,x seems to me f> m conv9c+ ?an any *a9 ( subtle metaphysical reason+ c ev] be2 = su* *a9s1 h[ev]1 inv9cible 9 appe>ance1 are no /rong] ?an ! weake/ ( _! l9ks1 & 9 metaphysics "o is always uneasily suspect+ "s undetect$ flaw4 ,my argum5t repres5ts ! impression t is irresi/ibly =c$ ^u "o by a broad g5]al famili>ity ) ,nature's processes & me?ods2 x !re=e belongs to ! class ( argum5ts t survive4 ,obs]ve1 too1 t x is f> f be+ a modifi$ repetition ( ! old argum5t t beliefs univ]sally accept$ mu/ be true4 ,^u ! view "h pres5t$1 e specific op9ion ev] ent]ta9$ by man respect+ religi\s ?+s may be wrong1 & 9 all probability is exce$+ly crude1 & yet ! ,ev]la/+ ,reality ( ,religion1 9 its ?ree indisp5sable elem5ts z "h set =?1 rema9s unassailable4 ,our common-s5se argum5t puts ! sci5tific presumption entirely & decisively on ! side ( religion & aga9/ all a!i/ic & mat]iali/ic explanations ( ! univ]se4 ,x e/abli%es h>mony betwe5 our highe/ k & our highe/ aspirations by %[+ t ! latt] no less ?an ! =m] are a normal result ( ! univ]sal cosmic process4 ,x has no?+ to fe> f ! advance ( sci5tific discov]y1 = z ^! ?+s come to be bett] und]/ood1 x is go+ to be realiz$ t ! days ( ! antagonism betwe5 ,sci5ce & ,religion mu/ by & by come to an end4 ,t antagonism has be5 *iefly due to ! fact t religi\s ideas 7 until lately alli$ ) ! doctr9e ( special creations4 ,!y h !re=e ne$$ to be remodell$ & consid]$ f new po9ts ( view4 ,b we h at l5g? rea*$ a /age :]e x is becom+ daily m & m app>5t t ) ! deep] /udy ( ,nature ! old /rife betwe5 fai? & k is draw+ to a close2 & dis5tangl$ at la/ f t anci5t sl\gh ( despond ! ,human ,m9d w brea! a fre] air & enjoy a va/ly ext5d$ horizon4 ,illu/ration ,l',,envoi ,ye/]day1 :5 we>y ) writ+1 & my m9d q du/y ) consid]+ ^! atoms1 ,i 0 call$ to supp]1 & a salad ,i _h ask$ = 0 set be=e me4 ,x seems1 !n1 said ,i al\d1 t if pewt] di%es1 leaves ( lettuce1 gra9s ( salt1 drops ( v9eg> & oil1 & slices ( eggs1 _h be5 float+ ab\t 9 ! air f all et]nity1 x might at la/ happ5 by *ance t !re w\ld come a salad4 ,yes1 says my wife1 b n s nice & well dress$ z ?is ( m9e is6--,,kepl]1 apud ,tait & ,/ew>t1 ,p>adoxical ,philosophy4 ,,electrotyp$ ,,& ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,h4 ,o4 ,,h\ghton ,,& ,,co4 ,! ,riv]side ,press ,,cambridge1 ,,mass41 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,! ,,writ+s ,,( ,,john ,,fiske ,illu/ration ,,! ,,discov]y ,,( ,,am]ica ,) "s ,acc\nt ( ,anci5t ,am]ica & ! ,spani% ,conque/4 ,) a /eel portrait ( ,mr4 ,fiske1 _m maps1 facsimiles1 etc4 #b vols4 cr[n #hvo1 gilt top1 #d4jj4 ,^? :o c>e = geography & = primitive culture w d\btless f9d ?is ,discov]y ( ,am]ica1 z we h f\nd x1 "o ( ! mo/ agreeable & in/ructive books on bo? ^? topics t h appe>$ 9 a good _m ye>s4444 ,! book br+s toge!r a great deal ( in=mation hi!rto accessible only 9 special treatises1 & elucidates ) c>e & judgm5t "s ( ! mo/ p]plex+ problems 9 ! hi/ory ( discov]y4--,! ,speak] 7,london74 ,,old ,,virg9ia ,,& ,,h] ,,neighb\rs #b vols4 cr[n #hvo1 gilt top1 #d4jj4 ,mr4 ,fiske's ,old ,virg9ia & ,h] ,neighb\rs adds ano!r to ^? valuable & delightful /udies ( our e>ly hi/ory :i* are fa/ approa*+ ! complet5ess & adequacy ( a compreh5sive hi/ory ( ! beg9n+s ( ! ,am]ican p4 ,hi/ory has r>ely be5 inve/$ ) su* int]e/ & *>m z 9 ^! volumes4--,! ,outlook 7,new ,york74 ,,! ,,beg9n+s ,,( ,,new ,,engl& ,or1 ! ,puritan ,!ocracy 9 its ,relations to ,civil & ,religi\s ,lib]ty4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #b4jj4 ,illu/rat$ ,edition4 ,conta9+ ,portraits1 ,maps1 ,facsimiles1 ,contempor>y ,views1 ,pr9ts1 & o!r ,hi/oric ,mat]ials4 #b vols4 #hvo1 gilt top1 #d4jj4 ,hav+ 9 ! fir/ *apt]s /rik+ly & conv9c+ly %[n t ,new ,engl&'s hi/ory 0 ! bir? ( c5turies ( travail1 & hav+ prep>$ 8 read]s to e/imate at _! true importance ! ev5ts ( our e>ly colonial life1 ,mr4 ,fiske is ready to take up 8 task z ! hi/orian ( ! ,new ,engl& ( ! ,puritans4444 ,! la/ *apt]s give a broad & fair acc\nt ( ! hi/ory ( ! "t1 b x is easy to see t 9 8 *oice ( facts1 ! au?or has ex]cis$ a l>ge p[] ( selection1--a selection :i* we may note is wond]ful 9 its unfail+ accuracy ( e/imate4 ,z he is busy ) ! progress t[>ds civil & religi\s lib]ty :i* culm9at$ 9 ! ,revolution1 8 facts are *os5 to illu/rate t progress4--,bo/on ,daily ,adv]tis]4 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,revolution ,) ,plans ( ,battles1 & a ,/eel ,portrait ( ,wa%+ton4 #b vols4 cr[n #hvo1 gilt top1 #d4jj4 ,illu/rat$ ,edition4 ,conta9+ ab\t #cjj ,illu/rations4 #b vols4 #hvo1 gilt top1 #h4jj4 ,! read] may turn to ^! volumes ) full assurance ( fai? = a fre% rehe>sal ( ! old facts1 :i* no "t c /ale1 & = new views ( ^? old facts1 accord+ to ! l>g] framework ( ideas 9 :i* !y c n[ be set by ! ma/] ( a captivat+ /yle & an exp]t 9 hi/orical philosophy4--,new ,york ,ev5+ ,po/4 ,,! ,,w> ,,( ,,indep5d5ce ,9 ,riv]side ,libr>y = ,"y ,p4 ,) ,maps4 #afmo1 #ge c5ts4 ,john ,fiske's ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce is a miracle4444 ,a book brilliant & effective beyond measure4444 ,x is a /atem5t t e *ild c compreh5d1 b t only a man ( consummate g5ius c\ld h writt54--,,mrs4 ,,c>ol9e ,h4 ,,dall1 9 ! ,spr+field ,republican4 ,,! ,,critical ,,p]iod ,,( ,,am]ican ,,hi/ory1 #aghc-aghi ,) ,map1 ,notes1 etc4 ,cr[n #hvo1 gilt top1 #b4jj4 ,illu/rat$ ,edition4 ,conta9+ ab\t #agj ,illu/rations4 #hvo1 gilt top1 #d4jj4 ,! au?or comb9es 9 an unusual degree ! imp>tiality ( ! tra9$ s*ol> ) ! f]vor ( ! int]e/$ n>rator4444 ,! volume %\ld be 9 e libr>y 9 ! l&4--,! ,congregationali/ 7,bo/on74 ,an admirable book4444 ,mr4 ,fiske has a great tal5t = mak+ hi/ory int]e/+ to ! g5]al read]4--,new ,york ,times4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,= ,,s*ools ,) ,topical ,analysis1 ,sugge/ive ,que/ions1 & ,directions = ,tea*]s1 by ,f4 ,a4 ,hill1 & ,illu/rations & ,maps4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #a4jj1 net4 ,x is d\btful if ,mr4 ,fiske has done any?+ bett] = 8 g5]ation ?an ! prep>ation ( ?is text-book1 :i* comb9es 9 a r>e degree accuracy1 intellig5t cond5sation1 hi/orical discrim9ation1 & an attractive /yle4--,! ,outlook 7,new ,york74 ,,civil ,,gov]nm5t ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,consid]$ ) "s ,ref]5ce to its ,orig9s4 ,) ,que/ions on ! ,text by ,frank ,a4 ,hill1 & ,bibliographical ,notes by ,mr4 ,fiske4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #a4jj1 net4 ,x is mo/ admirable1 alike 9 plan & execution1 & w d a va/ am\nt ( good 9 tea*+ our p ! pr9ciples & =ms ( our civil in/itutions4--,,moses ,,coit ,,tyl]1 ,pr(essor ( ,am]ican ,con/itutional ,hi/ory & ,law1 ,cornell ,univ]sity4 ,,outl9es ,,( ,,cosmic ,,philosophy ,bas$ on ! ,doctr9e ( ,evolution1 ) ,criticisms on ! ,positive ,philosophy4 ,9 two volumes1 #hvo1 #f4jj4 ,y mu/ all[ me to ?ank y = ! v great int]e/ ) :i* ,i h at la/ sl[ly read ! :ole ( y\r "w4444 ,i nev] 9 my life read s lucid an expositor 7& !re=e ?9k]7 z y are2 & ,i ?9k t ,i und]/& ne>ly ! :ole1 ?\gh p]haps less cle>ly ab\t cosmic !ism & causation ?an o!r p>ts4--,,*>les ,,d>w94 ,?is "w ( ,mr4 ,fiske's may be n unfairly designat$ ! mo/ important contribution yet made by ,am]ica to philosophical lit]ature4--,! ,academy 7,london74 ,,d>w9ism1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,essays ,cr[n #hvo1 gilt top1 #b4jj4 ,if ev] !re 0 a _s ?or\ghly invigorat$ by ! joy ( "r und]/&+1 x is t ( ! au?or ( ^! pieces4444 ,no less confid5t & s]5e ?an 8 acceptance ( ! utmo/ logical results ( rec5t sci5tific discov]y is ,mr4 ,fiske's assurance t ! f\ndations ( spiritual tru?s1 s call$1 _c possibly be %ak5 !reby4--,! ,atlantic ,mon?ly 7,bo/on74 ,,! ,,unse5 ,,_w ,& ,o!r ,essays4 ,cr[n #hvo1 gilt top1 #b4jj4 ,to ea* /udy ! writ] seems to h br\ght1 besides an excell5t quality ( discrim9at+ judgm5t1 full & fre% special k1 t enables him to supply mu* in=mation on ! subject1 :atev] x may be1 t is n to be f\nd 9 ! volume he is notic+4--,bo/on ,adv]tis]4 ,,excursions ,,( ,,an ,,evolutioni/ ,cr[n #hvo1 gilt top1 #b4jj4 ,among our ?\ghtful essayi/s !re are none m brilliant ?an ,mr4 ,john ,fiske4 ,8 pure /yle suits 8 cle> ?\ght4 ,he does n write unless he has some?+ to say2 & :5 he does write1 he %[s n only t he has ?or\ghly acqua9t$ himself ) ! subject1 b t he has to a r>e degree ! art ( s mass+ 8 matt] z to br+ out ! true value ( ! lead+ po9ts 9 arti/ic relief4444 ,! same qualities appe> to good advantage 9 8 new volume1 :i* conta9s 8 lat] essays on 8 favorite subject ( evolution4--,! ,nation 7,new ,york74 ,,my?s ,,& ,,my?-,,mak]s ,old ,tales & ,sup]/itions int]pret$ by ,comp>ative ,my?ology4 ,cr[n #hvo1 gilt top1 #b4jj4 ,mr4 ,fiske has giv5 u a book :i* is at once s5sible & attractive1 on a subject ab\t :i* mu* is writt5 t is crot*ety or t$i\s4--,w4 ,r4 ,s4 ,,ral/on1 9 ,! ,a!num 7,london74 ,,! ,,de/9y ,,( ,,man ,view$ 9 ! ,light ( ,8 ,orig94 #afmo1 gilt top1 #a4jj4 ,"o is *>m$ by ! directness & cle>ness ( 8 /yle1 8 simple & pure ,engli%1 & 8 evid5t k ( 8 subject4444 ,( "o ?+ we may be sure3 t none are lead+ u m surely or rapidly to ! full tru? ?an m5 l ! au?or ( ?is little book1 :o rev]5tly /udy ! works ( ,god = ! lessons :i* ,he w\ld tea* 8 *ildr54--,*ri/ian ,union 7,new ,york74 ,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,god ,z ,affect$ by ,mod]n ,k4 #afmo1 gilt top1 #a4jj4 ,! vigor1 ! e>ne/ness1 ! hone/y1 & ! fre$om f cant & subtlety 9 8 writ+s are exce$+ly refre%+4 ,he is a s*ol>1 a critic1 & a ?9k] ( ! fir/ ord]4--,*ri/ian ,regi/] 7,bo/on74 ,,?r\gh ,,nature ,,to ,,god #afmo1 gilt top1 #a4jj4 ,,cont5ts3 ,! ,my/]y ( ,evil2 ,! ,cosmic ,roots ( ,love & ,self-,sacrifice2 ,! ,ev]la/+ ,reality ( ,religion4 ,?is book discusses1 9 ,mr4 ,fiske's l>ge & lum9\s way1 ! important subjects indicat$ 9 ! cont5ts4 ,x falls 9 ! same gr\p ) 8 ,idea ( ,god & ,de/9y ( ,man1 :i* h be5 an inspiration & a s\rce ( /r5g? & light to a multitude ( read]s4 99 99 99 99 99 a/]ism ,= sale by all ,booksell]s4 ,s5t by mail1 po/paid1 on receipt ( price by ! ,publi%]s1 ,,h\ghton1 ,,miffl9 ,,co4 #d ,p>k ,/reet1 ,bo/on2 #aa ,ea/ #ag? ,/reet1 ,new ,york4