,production ,notes3   ,pg #h4 ,! ^w 'is'
 has be5 *ang$ to ! ^w 'z' 9 l9e #b4    
,pg #h4 ,! spell+ ( ! ^w 'lay$' has be5 
reta9$4     ,a ,,treatise    --,,on--   
,,gra9 ,,/ack+    ,,giv+    ,in/ructions
 h[ to ,prop]ly ,/ack all   k9ds (      
,gra91 s z to pres]ve 9   ! be/ possible
 mann] =   ,?re%+ & ,m>ket4     ,,by    
,,john ,n4 ,,delamat]4     ,,norwalk1   
,o43   ,! ,norwalk ,*ronicle ,pr9t4     
#ahhd4           ,ent]$ accord+ to act (
 ,congress 9 ! ye> #ahhd1               
,by ,,john ,n4 ,,delamat]1   ,9 ! (fice 
( ! ,libr>ian ( ,congress1 at ,wa%+ton1 
,d4,c4     ,,preface   ,s f> z ,i am    
aw>e1 ?is is an untri$ field ( labor--a 
pione] "w :i* ,i h _h "u consid]ation = 
! la/ fifte5 ye>s2 dur+ :i* "t ! close/ 
att5tion has be5 giv5 to details (      
build+1 & c>eful obs]vations made on    
results1 :5 ! /acks 7 be+ tak5 d[n4     
,,john ,n4 ,,delamat]4  ,illu/ration    
,,treatise ,,on ,,gra9 ,,/ack+4         
,illu/ration   ,,plac+ ,,f\ndation4  ,if
 conv5i5t1 make a f\ndation ( rails1 by 

plac+ ?ree rails ab\t f\r & "o-half feet
 ap>t & p>allel1 & !n add half or two   
?irds ! l5g? ( a rail to ea*1 & cov] by 
lay+ rails crossways1 & f9i% by lay+ a  
l>ge rail or po/ 9 ! c5t] l5g?ways4     
,?is w =m a f\ndation l>ge en\gh = t5 or
 twelve l>ge loads4 ,if rails1 poles or 
bo>ds _c be _h = an entire f\ndation1   
endeavor to get some?+ to support !     
heads ( a few c5t] %eaves2 = if %eaves  
are set on end to comm5ce a /ack1 !     
middle is apt to settle too mu*4        
,,comm5c+ ,,to ,,build4  ,on ! rail     
f\ndation1 lay ar\nd ! c5t] 9 ! =m ( an 
ellipse1 ) ! heads lapp+ well across !  
c5t] rail2 lap half & cont9ue to lay    
t[>ds ! outside until f\ndation is      
cov]$4 ,n[ comm5ce at ! outside & lay a 
c\rse ar\nd1 nei!r lay+ out or draw+ 91 
except to correct any little error t may
 occur 9 ! elliptical =m ( ! /ack2      
complete ! c\rses to ! c5t]1 b don't    
fill ! middle too full2 if ! outside is 
l[] ?an ! middle1 lay a d\ble c\rse     
ar\nd outside2 keep y\r /ack flat--full 

z high at outside z c5t]2 build ! fir/  
load /raight up1 nei!r lay+ out or draw+
 91 if ! /ack is to conta9 t5 or twelve 
loads2 if eight or n9e1 lay ! la/ c\rse 
out a little4   ,,lay+ ,,out4  ,if !    
/ack is flat & z ne> an ellipse z ! eye 
c judge1 lay+ out & keep+ ! /ack prop]ly
 balanc$ w be v easy4 ,drive alt]nate   
loads on opposite sides ( ! /ack3 ?is w 
help to keep ! /ack prop]ly balanc$4 ,if
 ! eye detects a place t seems to be l[]
 ?an ! g5]al level1 x w be f\nd t x 0   
caus$ by lay+ out m !re ?an at o!r      
po9ts2 to rem$y ?is defect1 draw 9 !    
next outside c\rse at ! l[ po9t six1    
eight or t5 in*es1 accord+ to !         
depression4 ,! great] ! depression1 ! m 
x %\ld be drawn 91 & ! next inside c\rse
 at ! l[ po9t %\ld be %ov$ out ne>ly to 
! buts ( ! outside c\rse1 !n cont9ue to 
build z ?\gh no?+ _h happ5$4 ,if a high 
place %\ld be obs]v$1 ! next outside    
c\rse %\ld be laid f>!r out1 & inside   
c\rse at ?is po9t drawn well 94 ,glance 
frequ5tly ov] ! /ack & see if ! outside 

pres5ts ! appe>ance ( an ellipse1 & keep
 a %>p look\t = high & l[ spots4 ,if !  
middle is too full1 ! outside w slip    
out1 & an undesirable job ( propp+ w    
beg94 ,put 9 two ?irds ( :at is int5d$ =
 ! /ack be=e comm5c+ to draw 94 ,don't  
let a /ack /& ov] night at ?is /age if x
 c be avoid$1 b put on ! next two loads 
z quickly z possible1 = ! outside ( !   
/ack w settle rapidly4   ,,fill+ ,,!    
,,middle4  ,lay a ti] ( bundles ?r\gh ! 
c5t] half ! l5g? ( ! /ack1 alt]nat+     
heads & buts1 !n lay a c\rse ar\nd ) !  
heads lapp+ across ! middle ti]2 n[     
ano!r ti] ?r\gh ! c5t]1 & two c\rses    
ar\nd x2 !n ano!r ti] at c5t] & c\rses  
ar\nd1 until ! c5t] is ?ree or f\r feet 
high] ?an ! outside ( ! /ack1 & ! la/   
c\rse lay$ laps half way f head to b& on
 ! outside c\rse ( ! /ack4 ,x w be se5 t
 :ile build+ ! ma9 "p ( ! /ack1 ! c\rses
 7 laid f outside to c5t]1 & :ile fill+ 
! middle or putt+ 9 ! /uff+1 ! c\rses   
are laid f c5t] t[>ds outside4 ,n[      
comm5ce outside1 lay a c\rse1 heads out1

 half way f b& to b on outside c\rse1 !n
 turn buts out1 lap half & lay to c5t]2 
!n lay a c\rse ar\nd outside1 nei!r lay+
 out or draw+ 94  ,n[ comes a po9t t    
%\ld n be ov]look$3 ,lay a c\rse1 buts  
out1 lapp+ half way f heads to b& on    
outside c\rse2 !n lap half & lay to     
c5t]4  ,! reason = lay+ ! buts ( second 
c\rse half way f heads to b& is to give 
! buts ( ! next outside c\rse above a   
*ance to re/ firmly on ! c\rse bel[1    
leav+ no unoccupi$ space2 if ! buts (   
second c\rse 7 laid out to ! b& (       
outside c\rse1 !n ! next outside c\rse  
above1 be+ drawn 91 w\ld re/ "o-?ird ( !
 way f b& to b1 on ! buts ( ! c\rse     
bel[1 leav+ a space = ra9 to drive 9 &  
wet ! /ack4 ,draw 9 outside c\rse       
rapidly2 lay buts ( second c\rse half   
way f head to b& on outside c\rse z long
 z /ack top is l>ge en\gh2 keep middle  
well pil$ up4  ,a /ack c be drawn 9 v   
rapidly1 )\t dang] ( tak+ 9 wat] f a    
protract$ ra91 ev5 if ! outside ( ! /ack
 gr[s gre51 no %eaf w be f\nd wet above 

! b&1 & ! middle ( /ack dry1 = ! buts ( 
outside c\rse w =m a ?at* ro( to protect
 ! /ack4  ,! plac+ ( a few top bundles  
is a matt] ( small importance4 ,if a    
/ack has be5 prop]ly built x w receive b
 little injury if top bundles %\ld bl[  
(f4 ,a /r& or two ( wire1 ) /icks or    
/ones at ! ends to weight !m d[n1 w     
usually hold ! top 9 place4             
,,recapitulation4  ,! fir/ load be+     
built /raight up & flat on top =ms a    
firm & secure base on :i* to build !    
upp] /ructure4  ,lay+ out or putt+ 9 !  
bulge is ! mo/ important "p ( ! /ack1 = 
x conta9s ! great] "p ( ! gra92 by lay+ 
out & keep+ ! /ack flat1 ! "w c be done 
rapidly1 & :5 ! /ack settles ! buts w   
hang d[n1 = !re is no?+ to hold !m up4  
,fill+ ! middle corresponds to putt+    
raft]s on a build+ to support ! ro(4    
,,sugge/ions4  ,i h f\nd 9 ! c\rse ( a  
long exp]i5ce1 t a f\ndation elev5 or   
twelve feet wide & eighte5 or tw5ty feet
 long1 & a /ack built 9 ! =m ( an       
ellipse1 & s z to conta9 t5 or twelve   

l>ge loads1 to be ! mo/ conv5i5t &      
economical4 ,gra9 c be put into a /ack (
 ?is size mu* m rapidly ?an 9 small     
/acks4 ,if a /ack is built mu* l>g] x w 
require m labor to pass ! bundles across
 ! /ack1 & w h to be c>ri$ mu* high]    
be=e x is topp$ out1 :i* takes "t & h>d 
"w4  ,! elliptical =m ,i h f\nd ! be/2 )
 a load driv5 to ! side ( ! /ack1 !     
pit*] is nev] v f> f ! /ack]2 ! /ack is 
easily kept balanc$1 & at ?re%+ "t !    
gra9 is readily got to ! ma*9e4 ,9 a    
r\nd /ack ( ! same size1 ! /ack] gets   
f>!r away f ! pit*]1 & x requires m     
skill to keep a r\nd /ack prop]ly       
balanc$2 b if a r\nd /ack1 aft] x is    
f9i%$ & settl$1 looks l an egg /&+ erect
 on ! l>ge end1 t is good en\gh2 x w n  
take wat]1 & looks well1 too4 ,a squ>e  
/ack1 or "o ) corn]s1 is easily kept    
balanc$1 b 9 turn+ ! corn]s !re is too  
mu* fullness at ! heads ( ! bundles1 &  
:5 ! /ack settles !re w usually be a sag
 on ea* side to cat* wat]4  ,two /akes1 
"o eight & ! o!r t5 rods away1 & 9 l9e )

 ! c5t] ( f\ndation1 w sometimes assi/ !
 /ack] 9 keep+ 8 /ack well balanc$1 = at
 a glance he c tell :e!r ! c5t] is 9 l9e
 ) ! /akes4 ,a man may build1 z 8 fancy 
dictates1 ei!r r\nd1 elliptical or      
squ>e1 b 9 all1 ! same g5]al pr9ciples  
mu/ be obs]v$--! l[] "p ( ! /ack built  
/raight up2 put 9 a bulge :i* settles   
d[n ar\nd & ne>ly conceals ! l[] "p1    
leav+ ! c5t] ( ! bulge high2 fill+ !    
middle to support ! c5t] ( ! top4 ,^!   
are ! pr9ciples on :i* good /ack+       
dep5ds4 ,if a man gets !m well fix$ 9 8 
m9d & disc>ds ! idea t he mu/ keep !    
middle full f ! gr\nd up1 he w h b      
little damag$ gra91 ev5 9 ! v wor/ (    
seasons4         99       99       99   
99       99  ,a boy to h& bundles is    
usually m damage ?an good until a /ack  
is half built1 & !n he %\ld n be all[$  
to /& on outside c\rse4 ,if practical1  
drive alt]nate loads on opposite sides (
 ! /ack2 ?is is v desirable1 b if1 f !  
nature ( surr\nd+s1 x is necess>y to    
drive all on "o side1 draw ! top ( !    

/ack ov] a foot or two t[>ds ! side :]e 
! unload+ is done2 ! opposite side w    
settle consid]ably ! mo/1 :i* w leave ! 
/ack /raight up4   ,,fancy ,,/ack+4  ,= 
a pyramid /ack1 build z usual up to )9  
two or ?ree r\nds ( :]e draw+ 9         
comm5ces1 !n draw 9 a little at c5t] (  
sides & ends to br+ ! curves to /raight 
l9es2 keep ! corn]s well out1 obs]v+ !  
=m ( a rectangle 9 fill+ ! middle1 &    
f9i% to top4  ,= a go?ic /ack1 build an 
ord9>y "o until comm5c+ to draw 91 !n   
draw 9 ! oval corn]s & build c5t] (     
sides & ends /raight up4 ,= an ,x /ack  
draw 9 sides & ends2 build c5t] /raight 
up4 ,^! /acks look v ornam5tal on a     
premium f>m & w save well1 b take m "t  
to build ?an ord9>y /ack tops4          
,,sample ,,/ack4  ,) "s1 ! idea seems to
 prevail1 t ! middle ( ! /ack %\ld be   
kept full f ! gr\nd up4 ,) ! c5t] high  
en\gh to protect ! /ack aft] x is       
settl$1 x is impossible to lay out or   
ev5 build /raight up1 = ! outside %eaves
 are con/antly slipp+ out1 & ! process (

 build+ r5d]$ sl[ & tiresome1 & :5 !    
/ack is complet$ & settl$1 x w usually  
be f\nd t ! c5t] has gone d[n s mu* & ! 
outside s little1 t ! butts ( ! %eaves  
/ick up & =m excell5t conductors to wet 
! /ack4  ,usually at h>ve/ ! c\ntry is  
full ( good /ack]s1 & if1 betwe5 t "t & 
?re%+1 !re is little or no ra91 !y live 
?r\gh & !re is a good supply next ye>2 b
 if1 betwe5 /ack+ & ?re%+1 a protract$  
ra9 occurs1 va/ multitudes are dr[n$1 s 
t1 at ?re%+ "t1 b few good /ack]s are   
f\nd alive4  ,illu/ration  ,illu/ration