,production ,notes3   ,pg #h4 ,the word 
'is' has been changed to the word 'as'  
in line #b4   ,pg #h4 ,the spelling of  
the word 'layed' has been retained4     
,a ,,treatise    --,,on--    ,,grain    
,,stacking    ,,giving    ,instructions 
how to ,properly ,stack all   kinds of  
,grain1 so as to preserve in   the best 
possible manner for   ,threshing and    
,market4     ,,by   ,,john ,n4          
,,delamater4     ,,norwalk1 ,o43   ,the 
,norwalk ,chronicle ,print4   #ahhd4    
,entered according to act of ,congress  
in the year #ahhd1                      
,by ,,john ,n4 ,,delamater1   ,in the   
office of the ,librarian of ,congress1  
at ,washington1 ,d4,c4     ,,preface    
,so far as ,i am aware1 this is an      
untried field of labor--a pioneer work  
which ,i have had under consideration   
for the last fifteen years2 during which
 time the closest attention has been    
given to details of building1 and       
careful observations made on results1   
when the stacks were being taken down4  

,,john ,n4 ,,delamater4  ,illustration  
,,treatise ,,on ,,grain ,,stacking4     
,illustration   ,,placing ,,foundation4 
,if convenient1 make a foundation of    
rails1 by placing three rails about four
 and one-half feet apart and parallel1  
and then add half or two thirds the     
length of a rail to each1 and cover by  
laying rails crossways1 and finish by   
laying a large rail or post in the      
center lengthways4  ,this will form a   
foundation large enough for ten or      
twelve large loads4 ,if rails1 poles or 
boards cannot be had for an entire      
foundation1 endeavor to get something to
 support the heads of a few center      
sheaves2 for if sheaves are set on end  
to commence a stack1 the middle is apt  
to settle too much4   ,,commencing ,,to 
,,build4  ,on the rail foundation1 lay  
around the center in the form of an     
ellipse1 with the heads lapping well    
across the center rail2 lap half and    
continue to lay towards the outside     
until foundation is covered4 ,now       

commence at the outside and lay a course
 around1 neither laying out or drawing  
in1 except to correct any little error  
that may occur in the elliptical form of
 the stack2 complete the courses to the 
center1 but don't fill the middle too   
full2 if the outside is lower than the  
middle1 lay a double course around      
outside2 keep your stack flat--full as  
high at outside as center2 build the    
first load straight up1 neither laying  
out or drawing in1 if the stack is to   
contain ten or twelve loads2 if eight or
 nine1 lay the last course out a little4
   ,,laying ,,out4  ,if the stack is    
flat and as near an ellipse as the eye  
can judge1 laying out and keeping the   
stack properly balanced will be very    
easy4 ,drive alternate loads on opposite
 sides of the stack3 this will help to  
keep the stack properly balanced4 ,if   
the eye detects a place that seems to be
 lower than the general level1 it will  
be found that it was caused by laying   
out more there than at other points2 to 

remedy this defect1 draw in the next    
outside course at the low point six1    
eight or ten inches1 according to the   
depression4 ,the greater the depression1
 the more it should be drawn in1 and the
 next inside course at the low point    
should be shoved out nearly to the buts 
of the outside course1 then continue to 
build as though nothing had happened4   
,if a high place should be observed1 the
 next outside course should be laid     
farther out1 and inside course at this  
point drawn well in4 ,glance frequently 
over the stack and see if the outside   
presents the appearance of an ellipse1  
and keep a sharp lookout for high and   
low spots4 ,if the middle is too full1  
the outside will slip out1 and an       
undesirable job of propping will begin4 
,put in two thirds of what is intended  
for the stack before commencing to draw 
in4 ,don't let a stack stand over night 
at this stage if it can be avoided1 but 
put on the next two loads as quickly as 
possible1 for the outside of the stack  

will settle rapidly4   ,,filling ,,the  
,,middle4  ,lay a tier of bundles       
through the center half the length of   
the stack1 alternating heads and buts1  
then lay a course around with the heads 
lapping across the middle tier2 now     
another tier through the center1 and two
 courses around it2 then another tier at
 center and courses around1 until the   
center is three or four feet higher than
 the outside of the stack1 and the last 
course layed laps half way from head to 
band on the outside course of the stack4
 ,it will be seen that while building   
the main part of the stack1 the courses 
were laid from outside to center1 and   
while filling the middle or putting in  
the stuffing1 the courses are laid from 
center towards outside4 ,now commence   
outside1 lay a course1 heads out1 half  
way from band to but on outside course1 
then turn buts out1 lap half and lay to 
center2 then lay a course around        
outside1 neither laying out or drawing  
in4  ,now comes a point that should not 

be overlooked3 ,lay a course1 buts out1 
lapping half way from heads to band on  
outside course2 then lap half and lay to
 center4  ,the reason for laying the    
buts of second course half way from     
heads to band is to give the buts of the
 next outside course above a chance to  
rest firmly on the course below1 leaving
 no unoccupied space2 if the buts of    
second course were laid out to the band 
of outside course1 then the next outside
 course above1 being drawn in1 would    
rest one-third of the way from band to  
but1 on the buts of the course below1   
leaving a space for rain to drive in and
 wet the stack4 ,draw in outside course 
rapidly2 lay buts of second course half 
way from head to band on outside course 
as long as stack top is large enough2   
keep middle well piled up4  ,a stack can
 be drawn in very rapidly1 without      
danger of taking in water from a        
protracted rain1 even if the outside of 
the stack grows green1 no sheaf will be 
found wet above the band1 and the middle

 of stack dry1 for the buts of outside  
course will form a thatch roof to       
protect the stack4  ,the placing of a   
few top bundles is a matter of small    
importance4 ,if a stack has been        
properly built it will receive but      
little injury if top bundles should blow
 off4 ,a strand or two of wire1 with    
sticks or stones at the ends to weight  
them down1 will usually hold the top in 
place4   ,,recapitulation4  ,the first  
load being built straight up and flat on
 top forms a firm and secure base on    
which to build the upper structure4     
,laying out or putting in the bulge is  
the most important part of the stack1   
for it contains the greater part of the 
grain2 by laying out and keeping the    
stack flat1 the work can be done        
rapidly1 and when the stack settles the 
buts will hang down1 for there is       
nothing to hold them up4  ,filling the  
middle corresponds to putting rafters on
 a building to support the roof4        
,,suggestions4  ,i have found in the    

course of a long experience1 that a     
foundation eleven or twelve feet wide   
and eighteen or twenty feet long1 and a 
stack built in the form of an ellipse1  
and so as to contain ten or twelve large
 loads1 to be the most convenient and   
economical4 ,grain can be put into a    
stack of this size much more rapidly    
than in small stacks4 ,if a stack is    
built much larger it will require more  
labor to pass the bundles across the    
stack1 and will have to be carried much 
higher before it is topped out1 which   
takes time and hard work4  ,the         
elliptical form ,i have found the best2 
with a load driven to the side of the   
stack1 the pitcher is never very far    
from the stacker2 the stack is easily   
kept balanced1 and at threshing time the
 grain is readily got to the machine4   
,in a round stack of the same size1 the 
stacker gets farther away from the      
pitcher1 and it requires more skill to  
keep a round stack properly balanced2   
but if a round stack1 after it is       

finished and settled1 looks like an egg 
standing erect on the large end1 that is
 good enough2 it will not take water1   
and looks well1 too4 ,a square stack1 or
 one with corners1 is easily kept       
balanced1 but in turning the corners    
there is too much fullness at the heads 
of the bundles1 and when the stack      
settles there will usually be a sag on  
each side to catch water4  ,two stakes1 
one eight and the other ten rods away1  
and in line with the center of          
foundation1 will sometimes assist the   
stacker in keeping his stack well       
balanced1 for at a glance he can tell   
whether the center is in line with the  
stakes4 ,a man may build1 as his fancy  
dictates1 either round1 elliptical or   
square1 but in all1 the same general    
principles must be observed--the lower  
part of the stack built straight up2 put
 in a bulge which settles down around   
and nearly conceals the lower part1     
leaving the center of the bulge high2   
filling the middle to support the center

 of the top4 ,these are the principles  
on which good stacking depends4 ,if a   
man gets them well fixed in his mind and
 discards the idea that he must keep the
 middle full from the ground up1 he will
 have but little damaged grain1 even in 
the very worst of seasons4         99   
99       99       99       99  ,a boy to
 hand bundles is usually more damage    
than good until a stack is half built1  
and then he should not be allowed to    
stand on outside course4 ,if practical1 
drive alternate loads on opposite sides 
of the stack2 this is very desirable1   
but if1 from the nature of surroundings1
 it is necessary to drive all on one    
side1 draw the top of the stack over a  
foot or two towards the side where the  
unloading is done2 the opposite side    
will settle considerably the most1 which
 will leave the stack straight up4      
,,fancy ,,stacking4  ,for a pyramid     
stack1 build as usual up to within two  
or three rounds of where drawing in     
commences1 then draw in a little at     

center of sides and ends to bring the   
curves to straight lines2 keep the      
corners well out1 observing the form of 
a rectangle in filling the middle1 and  
finish to top4  ,for a gothic stack1    
build an ordinary one until commencing  
to draw in1 then draw in the oval       
corners and build center of sides and   
ends straight up4 ,for an ,x stack draw 
in sides and ends2 build center straight
 up4 ,these stacks look very ornamental 
on a premium farm and will save well1   
but take more time to build than        
ordinary stack tops4   ,,sample ,,stack4
  ,with some1 the idea seems to prevail1
 that the middle of the stack should be 
kept full from the ground up4 ,with the 
center high enough to protect the stack 
after it is settled1 it is impossible to
 lay out or even build straight up1 for 
the outside sheaves are constantly      
slipping out1 and the process of        
building rendered slow and tiresome1 and
 when the stack is completed and        
settled1 it will usually be found that  

the center has gone down so much and the
 outside so little1 that the butts of   
the sheaves stick up and form excellent 
conductors to wet the stack4  ,usually  
at harvest the country is full of good  
stackers1 and if1 between that time and 
threshing1 there is little or no rain1  
they live through and there is a good   
supply next year2 but if1 between       
stacking and threshing1 a protracted    
rain occurs1 vast multitudes are        
drowned1 so that1 at threshing time1 but
 few good stackers are found alive4     
,illustration  ,illustration