,g9s5g & ,o!r ,m$ic9al ,plants ,frontispiece3 ,delights 9 ,8 ,g9s5g ,g>d54 ,,g9s5g ,,& ,,o!r ,,m$ic9al ,,plants ,a ,book ( ,valuable ,in=mation = ,gr[]s z ,well z ,collectors ( ,m$ic9al ,roots1 ,b>ks1 ,leaves1 ,etc4 ,,by ,a4 ,r4 ,,h>d+ ,publi%$ by ,a4 ,r4 ,h>d+ ,publi%+ ,co4 ,columbus1 ,ohio ,copyright #aijh ,by ,a4 ,r4 ,h>d+ ,pub4 ,co4 ,,cont5ts ,i4 ,plants z a ,s\rce ( ,rev5ue ,,ii4 ,li/ ( ,plants ,hav+ ,m$ic9al ,value ,,iii4 ,cultivation ( ,wild ,plants ,,iv4 ,! ,/ory ( ,g9s5g ,v4 ,g9s5g ,habits ,,vi4 ,cultivation ,,vii4 ,%ad+ & ,blight ,,viii4 ,diseases ( ,g9s5g ,,ix4 ,m>ket+ & ,prices ,x4 ,lett]s f ,gr[]s ,,xi4 ,g5]al ,in=mation ,,xii4 ,m$ic9al ,qualities ,,xiii4 ,g9s5g 9 ,*9a ,,xiv4 ,g9s5g--,gov]nm5t ,description1 ,etc4 ,,xv4 ,mi*igan ,m9t ,f>m ,,xvi4 ,miscellane\s ,in=mation ,,xvii4 ,gold5 ,seal ,cultivation ,,xviii4 ,gold5 ,seal ,hi/ory1 ,etc4 ,,xix4 ,gr[]s' ,lett]s ,,xx4 ,gold5 ,seal--,gov]nm5t ,description1 ,etc4 ,,xxi4 ,coho%--,black & ,blue ,,xxii4 ,snak]oot--,canada & ,virg9ia ,,xxiii4 ,pokewe$ ,,xxiv4 ,mayapple ,,xxv4 ,s5eca ,snak]oot ,,xxvi4 ,lady's ,slipp] ,,xxvii4 ,=e/ ,roots ,,xxviii4 ,=e/ ,plants ,,xxix4 ,?icket ,plants ,,xxx4 ,swamp ,plants ,,xxxi4 ,field ,plants ,,xxxii4 ,dry ,soil ,plants ,,xxxiii4 ,ri* ,soil ,plants ,,xxxiv4 ,m$ic9al ,h]bs ,,xxxv4 ,m$ic9al ,%rubs ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,delights 9 ,8 ,g9s5g ,g>d5 ,s5eca ,snake ,root 7,cultivat$7 9 ,blossom ,indian ,turnip 7,wild7 ,canadian ,snake ,root 7,cultivat$7 ,blood ,root 7,cultivat$7 ,s>sap>illa ,plant 7,wild7 ,g9s5g ,plants & ,roots ,g>d5 ,gr[n ,g9s5g ,plants ,nor!rn ,g9s5g ,plant 9 ,bloom--,june ,plan = ,g9s5g ,g>d5 #bd x #dj ,feet--,gr\nd ,plan ,"o ,l9e1 ,ov]head ,dott$ ,a ,la? ,panel ,"o1 ,two & ,?ree ,ye> ,old ,g9s5g ,roots ,g9s5g ,plants ,com+ ,up ,b$ ( #aj1jjj ,"y ,g9s5g ,plants 9 ,=e/ ,"o ,ye>'s ,gr[? ( ,g9s5g ,"u ,lattice ,%ade ,a ,heal?y ,look+ ,g9s5g ,g>d5 ,diseas$ ,g9s5g ,plants ,brok5--,/em ,rot ,end ,root ,rot ( ,se$l+s ,! ,beg9n+ ( ,s(t ,rot ,dug & ,dri$--,ready = ,m>ket ,a ,?ree ,ye> ,old ,cultivat$ ,root ,b$ ( ,mature ,g9s5g ,plants ,"u ,lattice ,"s ,?rifty ,plants--,an ,ohio ,g>d5 ,new ,york ,gr[]'s ,g>d5 ,=e/ ,b$ ( ,"y ,s5g ,^! ,plants ,h[ev] ,are ,too ,?ick ,a ,heal?y ,look+ ,g>d5--,y>d ,root ,resembl+ ,human ,body ,wild ,g9s5g ,roots ,p5nsylvania ,gr[]'s ,g>d5 ,g9s5g 7,panax ,qu9quefolium7 ,lady ,slipp] ,"y ,gold5 ,seal ,plant 9 ,bloom ,gold5 ,seal ,plants ,?rifty ,gold5 ,seal ,plant ,gold5 ,seal 9 an ,upl& ,grove ,locu/ ,grove ,seal ,g>d5 ,gold5 ,seal 7,hydra/is ,canad5sis7 ,fl[]+ ,plant & ,fruit ,gold5 ,seal ,root/ock ,black ,coho% 7,cimicifuga ,racemosa71 ,leaves1 ,fl[]+ ,spikes & ,root/ock ,blue ,coho% 7,caulophyllum ,?alictroides7 ,canada ,snak]oot 7,as>um ,canad5se7 ,virg9ia ,s]p5t>ia 7,ari/olo*ia ,s]p5t>ia7 ,pokewe$ 7,phytolacca ,dec&ra71 ,fl[]+ & ,fruit+ ,bran* ,pokewe$ ,root ,may-,apple 7,podophyllum ,pellatum71 ,upp] ,portion ( ,plant ) ,fl[]1 & ,root/ock ,s5eca ,snak]oot 7,polygala ,s5ega71 ,fl[]+ ,plant ) ,root ,l>ge ,yell[ ,lady's ,slipp] 7,cyprip$ium ,hirsutum7 ,be?root 7,trillium ,erectum7 ,culv]'s ,root 7,v]onica ,virg9ica7 ,fl[]+ ,top & ,root/ock ,/on]oot 7,coll9sonia ,canad5sis7 ,crawley-,root 7,corallorhiza ,odontorhiza7 ,m>g9al-,fruit$ ,%ield-,f]n 7,dryopt]is ,m>g9alis7 ,gold?read 7,coptis ,trifolia7 ,tw9leaf 7,jeff]sonia ,diphylla7 ,plant & ,se$ ,capsule ,canada ,moonse$ 7,m5isp]mum ,canad5se7 ,wild ,turnip 7,arisaema ,triphyllum7 ,black ,indian ,hemp 7,apocynum ,cannab9um71 ,fl[]+ ,portion1 ,pods1 & ,root/ock ,*amaelirium 7,*amaelirium ,luteum7 ,wild ,yam 7,dioscorea ,villosa7 ,skunk-,cabbage 7,spa?yema ,foetida7 ,am]ican ,hellebore 7,v]atrum ,viride7 ,wat]-,eryngo 7,eryngium ,yuccifolium7 ,yell[ ,jasm9e 7,gels5sium ,semp]vir5s7 ,sweet ,flag 7,acorus ,calamus7 ,blue ,flag 7,iris ,v]sicolor7 ,crane's-bill 7,g]anium ,maculatum71 ,fl[]+ ,plant1 ,%[+ also ,se$ ,pods & ,root/ock ,d&elion 7,t>axacum ,(fic9ale7 ,soapwort 7,sapon>ia ,(fic9alis7 ,burdock 7,arctium ,lappa71 ,fl[]+ bran* & ,root ,yell[ ,dock 7,rumex ,crispus71 ,fir/ ,ye>'s ,gr[? ,broad-,leav$ ,dock 7,rumex ,obtusifolius71 ,leaf1 ,fruit+ ,spike & ,root ,/ill+ia 7,/ill+ia ,sylvatica71 ,upp] ,portion ( ,plant & ,"p ( ,spike ,%[+ ,male ,plant ,am]ican ,colombo 7,fras]a ,c>ol95sis71 ,leaves1 ,fl[]s1 & ,se$ ,pods ,c\*-,grass 7,agropyron ,rep5s7 ,e*9acea 7,braun]ia ,augu/ifolia7 ,aletris 7,aletris ,f>9osa7 ,wild ,indigo 7,baptisia ,t9ctoria71 ,bran* ,%[+ ,fl[]s & ,se$ ,pods ,pleurisy ,root 7,asclepias ,tub]osa7 ,bloodroot 7,sangu9>ia ,canad5sis71 ,fl[]+ ,plant ) ,root/ock ,p9kroot 7,spigelia ,m>il&ica7 ,indian ,physic 7,port]an?us ,trifoliatus7 ,wild ,s>sap>illa 7,aralia ,nudicaulis7 ,am]ican ,angelica 7,angelica ,atropurpurea7 ,comfrey 7,symphytum ,(fic9ale7 ,elecampane 7,inula ,hel5ium7 ,que5-(-!-,mead[ 7,eupatorium ,purpureum7 ,hydrangea 7,hydrangea ,arboresc5s7 ,oregon ,grape 7,b]b]is ,aquifolium7 ,illu/ration3 ,a4 ,r4 ,h>d+ ,,introduction ,:5 ! price ( ,g9s5g advanc$ "s ye>s ago hundr$s engag$ 9 ! bus9ess :o knew little or no?+ ( f>m+1 plant rais+ & horticulture4 ,t !y l>gely fail$ is n to be wond]$ at4 ,lat] _m began 9 a small way & succe$$4 ,_m ( ^! 7 f>m]s & g>d5]s4 ,o!rs 7 m5 :o _h hunt$1 trapp$ & ga!r$ s5g f boyhood4 ,!y !re=e knew some?+ ( ! peculi>ities ( ,g9s5g4 ,x is f ! exp]i5ce ( ^! m5 t ?is "w is l>gely made up--writ+s ( ^? :o are 9 ! bus9ess4 ,gold5 seal is also attract+ consid]able att5tion ow+ to ! rapid increase 9 price dur+ ! e>ly ye>s ( ! pres5t c5tury4 ,! gr[+ ( ?is plant is giv5 c>eful att5tion also4 ,_m o!r plants are de/9$ to soon become valuable4 ,a "w gott5 out by ! gov]nm5t--,am]ican root drugs--conta9s a great deal ( value 9 reg>d habits1 range1 description1 common names1 price1 uses1 etc41 etc41 s t "s ( ! in=mation conta9$ 9 ?is book is tak5 !refrom4 ,! prices nam$ 9 ! gov]nm5t bullet9 :i* 0 issu$ 9 #aijg 7 ^? prevail+ at t "t--!y w v>y1 9 ! future1 l>gely accord+ to ! supply & dem&4 ,! greate/ rev5ue d]iv$ f plants = m$ic9al purposes is d]iv$ f ! roots1 yet !re are c]ta9 ones :]e ! leaves & b>k are us$4 ,!re=e to be complete "s space is giv5 to ^! plants4 ,! digg+ ( ! roots1 ( c\rse1 de/roys ! plant z well z does ! peel+ ( ! b>k1 :ile leaves secur$ is cle> ga9--9 o!r words1 if ga!r$ :5 matur$ ! plant or %rub is n injur$ & w produce leaves ea* ye>4 ,! am\nt ( root drugs us$ = m$ic9al purposes w increase z ! m$ical pr(ession is us+ ( !m m & m4 ,aga9 ! numb] ( p 9 ! _w is rapidly increas+ :ile ! =e/s 7! natural home ( root drugs7 are becom+ less ea* ye>4 ,?is %[s t gr[]s ( m$ic9al roots w f9d a l>g] m>ket 9 ! future ?an 9 ! pa/4 ,^? :o "k some?+ ( m$ic9al plants--,root ,drugs--c safely emb>k 9 _! cultivation1 = :ile prices may ease (f--g l[]--at times1 x is reasonably c]ta9 t ! g5]al tr5d w be upw>d z ! supply gr[+ wild is rapidly becom+ less ea* ye>4 ,a4 ,r4 ,h>d+4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,plants ,,z ,a ,,s\rce ,,( ,,rev5ue4 ,) ! s+le exception ( g9s5g1 ! hundr$ ( plants ^: roots are us$ = m$ical purposes1 ,am]ica is ! ma9 m>ket & us]4 ,g9s5g is us$ ma9ly by ! ,*9ese4 ,! ?ickly inhabit$ ,*9ese ,empire is :]e ! ,am]ican g9s5g is pr9cipally us$4 ,to :at uses x is put may be briefly /at$1 z a sup]/iti\s bev]age4 ,! roots ) c]ta9 %apes are c>ri$ ab\t ! p]son = *>ms4 ,! roots resembl+ ! human =m be+ ! mo/ valuable4 ,! mo/ valuable drugs :i* gr[ 9 ,am]ica are g9s5g & gold5 seal1 b !re are hundr$s ( o!rs z well ^: leaves1 b>ks1 se$s1 fl[]s1 etc41 h a m>ket value & :i* c\ld be cultivat$ or ga!r$ ) pr(it4 ,9 ?is connection an article :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,hunt]-,trad]-,trapp]1 ,columbus1 ,ohio1 "u ! title :i* heads ?is *apt] is giv5 9 full3 ,to _m unacqua9t$ ) ! nature ( ! v>i\s wild plants :i* surr\nd !m 9 f>m & out-o'-door life1 x w be a revelation to le>n t ! _w's supply ( crude1 botanical 7vegetable7 drugs are to a l>ge ext5t gott5 f ?is class ( mat]ial4 ,!re are m ?an "o ?\s& diff]5t k9ds 9 use :i* are indig5\s or naturaliz$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,"s ( ^! are v valuable & h1 s9ce _! m$ic9al prop]ties 7 discov]$1 come into use 9 all p>ts ( ! _w2 o!rs n[ collect$ 9 ?is c\ntry h be5 br\ght "h &1 mu* l ! ,engli% sp>r[1 become 9 _! propagation a nuisance & pe/ :]ev] f\nd4 ,! impression prevails among _m t ! "w ( collect+ ! prop] k9d1 cur+ & prep>+ = ! m>ket is an occupation to be und]tak5 only by ^? hav+ exp]i5ce & a wide k ( _! species1 uses1 etc4 ,x is a fact1 ?\gh1 t ev]yone1 h[ev] little he may "k ( ! m$ic9al value ( su* ?+s1 may easily become famili> en\gh ) ?is bus9ess to successfully collect & prep>e = ! m>ket _m diff]5t k9ds f ! />t4 ,!re are v l>ge firms ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry ^: sole bus9ess is = ?is l9e ( m]*&ise1 & :o are at all times anxi\s to make contracts ) p>ties 9 ! c\ntry :o w give ! "w bus9ess-l att5tion1 su* z w\ld att5d ! production ( o!r f>m articles1 & :i* is s necess>y to ! success ( ! "w4 ,if "o c\ld visit ! buy]s ( su* firms & ask h[ reliable !y h f\nd _! s\rces ( supply = ! v>i\s k9ds requir$1 x w\ld provoke mu* laught]4 ,x is q true t n m ?an "o 9 "o hundr$ :o write ^! firms to get an ord] = "s "o or m k9ds !y might supply1 ev] give x suffici5t att5tion to enable a fir/ %ipm5t to be made4 ,repeat$ exp]i5ces ( ?is k9d h made ! av]age buy] v promptly commit to ! ne>e/ wa/e basket all lett]s receiv$ f ^? :o h n be5 do+ ?is "w 9 ! pa/1 recogniz+ ! utt] wa/e ( "t 9 correspond+ ) ^? :o s f> h %[n no int]e/ 9 ! "w4 ,! "t is ripe = ^? :o are will+ to take up ?is "w1 s]i\sly giv+ "s "t & bra9s to solv+ ! comp>atively easy problems ( do+ ?is "w at a small co/ ( "t & money & successfully compete = ?is bus9ess1 :i* 9 _m cases is =c$ to draw supplies f ,europe1 ,s\? ,am]ica1 ,africa1 & all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,f ! writ]'s obs]vation1 m ( ^! goods are n collect$ 9 ?is c\ntry on acc\nt ( ! false ideas ^? inve/igat+ x h ( ! am\nt ( money to be made f ! "w1 ?an f any o!r reason2 !y are l$ to believe t untold weal? lies easily )9 _! rea*1 requir+ only a small ef=t on _! "p to obta9 x4 ,_m cases may be cit$ ( ones :o h labori\sly collect$1 possibly #ej to #ajj p\nds ( an article1 & :5 x 0 discov]$ t f "o to two doll>s p] p\nd 0 n imm$iately =?com+1 pron\nc$ ! deal] a ?ief & nev] aga9 consid]$ ! "w4 ,9 ^! days :5 all crude mat]ials are be+ b\ght1 manufactur$ & sold on ! close/ m>g9s ( pr(it possible1 ! crude drug bus9ess has n escap$1 x is !re=e only possible to make a reasonable pr(it 9 m>ket+ ! products ( ! n[ useless we$s :i* confront ! f>m] z a s]i\s problem at e turn4 ,to ! "o putt+ ?\ght1 economy & p]sev]ance 9 ?is "w1 w come pr(it :i* is n[ m]ely ?r[n away4 ,_m h]bs1 leaves1 b>ks1 se$s1 roots1 b]ries & fl[]s are b\ght 9 v l>ge quantities1 x be+ ! cu/om ( ! l>g] h\ses to m]ely place an ord] ) ! collector = all he c collect1 )\t re/riction4 ,= example1 ! b>ks us$ f ! sassafras roots1 f ! wild *]ry tree1 :ite p9e tree1 elm tree1 tansy h]b1 jimson we$1 etc41 run into ! hundr$s ( ?\s& p\nds annually1 =m+ v (t5 ! basis ( _m rem$ies y buy f y\r druggi/4 ,! idea preval5t ) _m1 :o h at any "t consid]$ ?is occupation1 t x is necess>y to be famili> ) ! botanical & ,lat9 names ( ^! we$s1 mu/ be aboli%$4 ,:5 "o ( ! firms ref]r$ to receives a lett] ask+ = ! price ( ,rattle ,top ,root1 !y at once "k t ,cimicifuga ,racemosa is meant2 or if x be ,%onny ,haw1 !y readily und]/& x to mean ,viburnum ,prunifolium2 ,jimson ,we$ z ,/ramonium ,dotura2 ,indian ,tobacco z ,lobelia ,inflata2 ,/> ,roots z ,helonias ,roots1 & s on ?r\gh\t ! entire li/ ( items4 ,%\ld an occasion arise :5 ! "n by :i* an article is locally kn[n _c be und]/ood1 a sample s5t by mail w soon be ! means ( mak+ pla9 to ! buy] :at is meant4 ,among ! _m items :i* x is n[ necess>y to import f ,g]many1 ,russia1 ,france1 ,au/ria & o!r =eign c\ntries1 :i* might be produc$ by ?is c\ntry1 ! m important are3 ,d&elion ,roots1 ,burdock ,roots1 ,angelica ,roots1 ,asp>agus ,roots1 ,r$ ,clov] ,heads1 or blossoms4 ,corn ,silk1 ,doggrass1 ,eld] ,fl[]s1 ,horeh\nd ,h]b1 ,mo!rwort ,h]b1 ,p>sley ,root1 ,p>sley ,se$1 ,sage ,leaves1 ,/ramonium ,leaves or ,jame/[n ,leaves1 ,yell[ ,dock ,root1 toge!r ) _m o!rs4 ,d&elion ,roots h at times become s sc>ce 9 ! m>kets z to rea* a price ( #ej;c p] p\nd z ! co/ to import x is small !re 0 great pr(it some:]e4 ,^! items j enum]at$ w\ld n be wor?y ( m5tion 7 !y ( small importance4 ,x is true1 ?\gh1 t ) "o or two exceptions1 ! am\nts annually import$ are f "o hundr$ to five hundr$ ?\s& p\nds or m4 ,z pl5tiful z are ,r$ ,clov] ,fl[]s1 ?is item la/ fall br\ght v close to #bj;c p] p\nd :5 be+ pur*as$ 9 two to t5-ton lots = ! ,w9t]'s consumption4 ,= five ye>s pa/ values = all ,crude ,drugs h advanc$ 9 _m in/ances beyond a proportionate advance 9 ! co/ ( labor1 & !y bid fair to ma9ta9 su* a position p]man5tly4 ,x is safe to e/imate ! av]age enhancem5t ( values to be at lea/ #ajj ov] ?is p]iod2 ^? n rea*+ su* an increas$ price fully made up = by o!rs :i* h _m times d\bl$ 9 value4 ,x is beyond ! b\nds ( possibility to pursue 9 detail all ( ! facts :i* might prove int]e/+ reg>d+ ?is bus9ess1 b x is important t1 to an ext5t at lea/1 ! matt] ( fluctuations 9 values be expla9$ be=e ?is subject c be ev] 9 a measure complete4 ,all items embrac$ 9 ! li/ ( readily m>ketable items are at times v high 9 price & o!r times v l[2 ?is is br\ght ab\t pr9cipally by ! supply4 ,x is usually ! case t an article gradually decl9es 9 price1 :5 x has once />t$1 until ! price ceases to make its production pr(itable4 ,x is !n neglect$ by ^? =m]ly ga!r+ x1 leav+ ! natural dem& no?+ to draw ^u except /ocks :i* h accumulat$ 9 ! h&s ( deal]s4 ,x is m (t5 ! case t su* /ocks are consum$ be=e any "o has become aw>e ( ! fact t none has be5 collect$ = "s "t1 & t n[h]e c any be f\nd ready = ! m>ket4 ,deal]s !n beg9 to make inquiry1 !y urge its collection by ^? :o =m]ly did x1 insi/+ /ill ^u pay+ only ! old price4 ,! situation becomes acute2 ! small lots held are n releas$ until a fabul\s price may be realiz$1 ?us e/abli%+ a v mu* high] m>ket4 ,v soon ! advanc$ prices rea* ! collector1 (f]s are rapidly made him at high] & high] prices1 until f9ally e "o 9 ! di/rict is attract$ by ! high & pr(itable figures be+ (f]$4 ,x is "r "h t e c>eful p]son conc]n$ ne$s to be d\bly c>eful else1 9 ! inevitable drop 9 prices caus$ by ! ov]-production :i* z a matt] ( c\rse foll[s1 he w lose money4 ,x w probably take two to five ye>s !n = ?is op]ation to repeat itself ) ^! items1 :i* h aft] ?is decl9$ ev5 to l[] figures ?an be=e4 ,9 ! meantime att5tion is direct$ to o!rs und]go+ ! same exp]i5ce4 ,a ?or\gh und]/&+ ( ^! circum/ances & prop] he$ giv5 to !m1 w save mu* = ! collector & make him w9 9 ! majority ( cases4 ,books & o!r in=mation c be _h by writ+ to ! manufactur]s & deal]s ^: adv]tisem5ts may be f\nd 9 ?is & o!r pap]s4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,plants ,,hav+ ,,m$ic9al ,,value4 ,! li/ ( ,am]ican ,we$s & ,plants z publi%$ "u above head+ hav+ m$ic9al value & ! p>ts us$ w be ( especial value to ! beg9n]1 :e!r z a gr[]1 collector or deal]4 ,! supply & dem& ( m$ic9al plants *anges1 b ! foll[+ h be5 9 con/ant dem& = ye>s4 ,! "n or names 9 p>5!sis are also appli$ to ! root1 b>k1 b]ry1 plant1 v9es1 etc41 z m5tion$3 ,balm ,gilead 7,balsam ,popl>7--,! ,buds4 ,bayb]ry 7,wax-,myrtle7--,! ,b>k ( ,root4 ,black ,coho% 7,black ,snake ,root7--,! ,root ) ,rootlets4 ,black ,haw 7,viburnum4 ,sloe47--,! ,b>k ( ,root4 ,! ,b>k ( ,tree4 ,black ,indian ,hemp 7,canadian ,hemp7--,! ,root4 ,blood ,root--,! ,root ) ,fibre4 ,! ,root ) no ,fibre4 ,blue ,coho% 7,papoose ,root4 ,squaw ,root7--,! ,root4 ,blue ,flag 7,l>g] ,blue ,flag7--,! ,root4 ,burdock--,! ,root4 ,! ,se$4 ,casc>a ,sagrada 7,*ittem ,b>k7--,b>k ( ,tree4 ,clov]1 ,r$--,! ,blossoms4 ,corn ,silk ,cotton ,root--,! ,b>k ( ,root4 ,cramp ,root 7,cranb]ry ,tree4 ,high ,bu% ,cranb]ry7--,! ,b>k ( ,tree4 ,culv]'s ,root 7,black ,root7--,! ,root4 ,d&elion--,! ,root4 ,de] ,tongue--,! ,leaves4 ,eld]--,! ,dri$ ,ripe ,b]ries4 ,! ,fl[]s4 ,elecampane--,! ,root1 cut into slices4 ,elm 7,slipp]y ,elm7--,! ,b>k1 depriv$ ( ! br[n1 outside lay]4 ,fr+e ,tree--,! ,b>k ( ,root4 ,gelsemium 7,yell[ ,jasm9e7 7,c>ol9a ,jasm9e7--,! ,root4 ,g9s5g--,! ,root4 ,gold5 ,seal 7,yell[ ,root4 ,yell[ ,puccoon4 ,orange ,root4 ,indian ,dye4 ,indian ,turm]ic7--,! ,root4 ,gold ,?read 7,?ree-leav$ ,gold ,?read7--,! ,h]b4 ,hops--,^! %\ld be collect$ & pack$ 9 su* a mann] z to reta9 all ( ! yell[ p[d] 7lupul947 ,hydrangea--,! ,root4 ,indian ,hemp1 ,black 7,see ,black ,indian ,hemp7 ,lady ,slipp] 7,moccas9-,fl[]4 ,l>ge ,yell[ ,lady ,slipp]4 ,am]ican ,val]ian7--,! ,root1 ) ,rootlets4 ,lobelia 7,indian ,tobacco7--,! ,h]b4 ,! ,se$4 ,m&rake 7,may-apple7--,! ,root4 ,nettle--,! ,h]b4 ,passion ,fl[]--,! ,h]b4 ,pipsissewa 7,pr9ce's ,p9e7--,! ,v9e4 ,poke--,! ,b]ries4 ,! ,root4 ,prickly ,a% 7,too?a*e ,tree4 ,angelica ,tree4 ,sut]b]ry4 ,pepp] ,wood4 ,tea ,a%7--,! ,b>k4 ,! ,b]ry4 ,sassafras--,! ,b>k ( ! ,root4 ,! ,pi?4 ,saw ,palmetto--,! ,b]ries4 ,scullcap--,! ,h]b4 ,illu/ration3 ,s5ega ,snake ,root 7,cultivat$7 9 ,blossom4 ,snake ,root1 ,virg9ia 7,bir?wort-,s]p5t>ia7--,! ,root4 ,snake ,root1 ,canada 7,as>abacca4 ,wild ,g+]4 ,s-call$ ,coltfoot ,root7--,! ,root4 ,spruce ,gum--,clean ,gum only4 ,squaw ,v9e 7,p>tridge ,b]ry7--,! ,h]b4 ,/> ,root 7,see ,unicorn ,false7 ,/> ,grass 7,see ,unicorn ,true7 ,/ill+ia 7,que5's ,delight7--,! ,root4 ,/ramonium 7,jame/[n-we$4 ,jimson-we$4 ,?orn-apple7--,! ,leaves4 ,! ,se$4 ,unicorn ,true 7,/> ,grass4 ,blaz+ ,/>4 ,mealy ,/>wort4 ,colic ,root7--,! ,root4 ,unicorn ,false 7,/> ,root4 ,/>wort7--,! ,root4 ,wahoo 7,/rawb]ry ,tree4 ,indian ,arr[4 ,burn+ ,bu%4 ,sp9dle ,tree4 ,pegwood4 ,bitt] ,a%7--,! ,b>k ( ,root4 ,! ,b>k ( ,tree4 ,:ite ,p9e 7,deal ,p9e4 ,s(t ,deal ,p9e7--,! ,b>k ( ,tree1 ,ross$4 ,wild ,*]ry--,! ?9 ,gre5 ,b>k1 & ?ick ,b>k ,ross$4 ,! dri$ ,*]ries4 ,wild ,indigo 7,horsefly ,we$4 ,rattle-bu%4 ,indigo ,we$4 ,yell[ ,indigo4 ,clov] ,broom7--,! ,root4 ,wormse$1 ,am]ican 7,/9k+ ,we$4 ,jesuit ,tea4 ,j]usalem ,tea4 ,j]usalem ,oak7--,! ,se$4 ,wild ,yam 7,colic ,root4 ,*9a ,root4 ,devil's ,bones7--,! ,root4 ,yell[ ,dock 7,s\r ,dock4 ,n>r[ ,dock4 ,curl$ ,dock7--,! ,root4 ,! foll[+ are us$ 9 limit$ quantities only3 ,arbor ,vitae 7,:ite ,c$>7--,! ,leafy ,tips4 ,balmony 7,turtle-head4 ,snakehead7--,! ,h]b1 free f l>ge ,/alks4 ,be? ,root 7,trillium ,erectum4 ,wake ,rob94 ,bir?-root7--,! ,root4 ,bir* ,b>k 7,*]ry ,bir*4 ,sweet ,bir*4 ,black ,bir*4 ,black ,root 7see culv]s root7--,! ,b>k ( ,tree4 ,blackb]ry 7,high ,blackb]ry7--,! ,b>k ( ,root4 ,black ,will[--,! ,b>k4 ,! ,buds4 ,boneset 7,?or\ghwort7--,! ,h]b1 free f l>ge ,/ems4 ,broom ,corn--,! ,se$4 ,broom ,top 7,scot* ,broom7--,! ,fl[]+ ,tops4 ,bugle ,we$ 7,wat] ,horeh\nd7 ,! ,h]b1 free f l>ge ,/ems4 ,butt]nut--,b>k ( ,root4 ,catnip--,! ,h]b4 ,*e/nut--,! ,leaves1 collect$ 9 ,septemb] or ,octob] :ile /ill gre54 ,*icory 7,succory7--,! ,root1 cut into slices 7,cross section47 ,corn ,ergot 7,corn ,smut7--,! ,fungus1 replac+ ! gra9s ( corn4 ,false ,bitt]sweet 7,%rubby ,bitt]sweet4 ,climb+ ,bitt]sweet4 ,wax-wort4 ,/aff-tree7--,! ,b>k ( ,tree4 ,g>d5 ,lettuce--,! ,leaves4 ,g]anium 7,cranesbill7--,! ,root ( ! wild ,h]b4 ,gravel ,plant 7,may ,fl[]4 ,gr\nd ,laurel4 ,trail+ ,arbutus7--,! ,leaves4 ,great ,cel&9e 7,g>d5 ,cel&9e7--,entire plant4 ,hellebore1 ,false 7,adonis ,v]nalis7--,! ,root4 ,hemlock--,! ,b>k4 ,! ,gum4 ,horse ,nettle--,! ,b]ries4 ,! ,root4 ,huckleb]ry--,! ,dri$ ,b]ry4 ,life ,ev]la/+ 7,common ,ev]la/+4 ,cudwe$7--,! ,h]b4 ,life ,root ,plant 7,rag-wort7--,! ,h]b4 ,lovage--,! ,root4 ,maid5 ,hair--,! ,f]n4 ,milkwe$ 7,pleurisy ,root7--,! ,root cut into ,sections l5g?wise4 ,mo!rwort--,! ,h]b4 ,m\nta9 ,a% 7,m\nta9 ,laurel 7,see ,%eep ,laurel7--,! ,b>k ( ,tree4 ,mulle9 7,common ,mulle97--,! ,leaves4 ,p5nyroyal--,! ,h]b4 ,pepp]m9t ,! ,leaves4--,! ,h]b4 ,pit*] ,plant 7,side-,saddle ,plant4 ,fly ,trap4 ,huntsman ,cup4 ,wat] ,cup7--,! ,plant4 ,planta9 7,rib-grass4 ,rib-wort4 ,ripple-grass7--,! ,leaves4 ,poison ,oak 7,poison ,ivy7--,! ,leaves4 ,pumpk9--,! ,se$4 ,que5 ( ! ,mead[ 7,joe-,pye-,we$4 ,trumpet-,we$7--,! ,root4 ,ragwe$ 7,wild ,r$ ,raspb]ry7--,! ,leaves4 ,ros9we$ 7,pol> plant4 ,compass plant7--,! ,root4 ,rue--,! ,h]b4 ,sage--,! ,leaves4 ,sc\r+ ,ru% 7,horsetail7--,! ,h]b4 ,%eep ,laurel 7,laurel4 ,m\nta9 ,laurel4 ,broad-leaf$ ,laurel4 ,calico ,bu%4 ,spoon ,wood7--,! ,leaves4 ,%eep ,sorrel 7,field ,sorrel7--,! ,leaves4 ,%eph]d's ,purse--,! ,h]b4 ,skunk ,cabbage--,! ,root4 ,spik5>d--,! ,root4 ,/one ,root--,! ,root4 ,tag ,ald]--,! ,b>k4 ,tansy 7,trail+ ,arbutus4 ,see ,gravel ,plant7--,! ,h]b4 ,v]atrum ,viride 7,gre5 ,hellebore4 ,am]ican ,hellebore7--,! ,root4 ,v]va9 7,blue ,v]va97--,! ,h]b4 ,virg9ia ,/one ,crop 7,dut* ,/one ,crop7 ,waf] ,a% 7,hop ,tree4 ,swamp ,dogwood4 ,/9k+ ,a%4 ,scrubby ,trefoil4 ,ague ,b>k7--,! ,b>k ( ,root4 ,wat] ,av5s 7,?roat ,root4 ,cure ,all4 ,evan's ,root4 ,indian ,*ocolate4 ,*ocolate ,root4 ,b5nett ,root7--,! ,root4 ,wat] ,eryngo 7,button ,snake ,root4 ,corn ,snake ,root4 ,rattle ,snake's ,we$7--,! ,root4 ,wat] ,hemlock 7,spott$ ,p>sley4 ,spott$ ,hemlock4 ,poison ,p>sley4 ,poison ,hemlock4 ,poison ,snake ,we$4 ,beav] ,poison7--,! ,h]b4 ,wat]melon--,! ,se$4 ,wat] ,pepp] 7,sm>t ,we$4 ,arsm>t7--,! ,h]b4 ,wat] ,a%--,! ,b>k ( ,tree4 ,:ite ,oak 7,tann]s ,b>k7--,! ,b>k ( ,tree1 ,ross$4 ,:ite ,a%--,! ,b>k ( ,tree4 ,:ite ,popl> 7,trembl+ ,popl>4 ,asp54 ,quak+ ,asp7--,! ,b>k ( ,tree4 ,wild ,lettuce 7,wild ,opium ,lettuce4 ,snake ,we$4 ,trumpet ,we$7--,! ,leaves4 ,illu/ration3 ,indian ,turnip 7,wild74 ,wild ,turnip 7,indian ,turnip4 ,jack-9-!-,pulpit4 ,pepp] ,turnip4 ,swamp ,turnip7--,! ,root1 slic$4 ,w9t]gre5 7,*eck]b]ry4 ,p>tridge ,b]ry4 ,teab]ry4 ,de]b]ry7--,! ,leaves4 ,wit* ,hazel 7,/rip$ ,ald]4 ,spott$ ,ald]4 ,hazelnut7--,! ,b>k4 ,! ,leaves4 ,y>r[ 7,milfoil4 ,?\s& ,leaf7--,! ,h]b4 ,yell[ ,p>illa 7,moon ,se$4 ,texas ,s>sap>illa7--,! ,root4 ,y]ba ,santa 7,m\nta9 ,balm4 ,gum ,plant4 ,t> ,we$7--,! ,leaves4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,cultivation ,,( ,,wild ,,plants4 ,! lead+ botanical roots 9 dem& by ! drug trade are ! foll[+1 to-wit3 ,g9s5g1 ,gold5 ,seal1 ,s5ega or ,s5eca ,snake ,root1 ,s]p5t>ia or ,virg9ia ,snake ,root1 ,wild ,g+] or ,canada ,snake ,root1 ,m&rake or ,mayapple1 ,p9k ,root1 ,blood ,root1 ,lady ,slipp]1 ,black ,root1 ,poke ,root & ! ,docks4 ,mo/ ( ^! are f\nd 9 abundance 9 _! natural habitat1 & ! prices paid = ! crude drugs w n1 z yet1 tempt _m p]sons to ga!r ! roots1 wa%1 cure1 & m>ket !m1 mu* less attempt _! culture4 ,b ,g9s5g1 ,gold5 ,seal1 ,s5ega1 ,s]p5t>ia & ,wild ,g+] are becom+ v sc>ce1 & ! prices paid = ^! roots w induce p]sons int]e/$ 9 !m to /udy _! sev]al natures1 mann] ( gr[?1 natural habitat1 me?ods ( propagation1 cultivation1 etc4 ,?is op5s up a new field ( indu/ry to p]sons hav+ ! natural aptitude = su* "w4 ,( c\rse1 ! soil & environm5t mu/ be cong5ial to ! plant gr[n4 ,a field t w\ld raise an abundance ( corn1 cotton1 or :eat w\ld n raise ,g9s5g or ,gold5 ,seal at all4 ,yet ^! plants gr[n z _! natures dem&1 & by "o :o kn[s1 w yield a ?\s& times m value p] acre ?an corn1 cotton or :eat4 ,a v small ,g9s5g g>d5 is wor? q an acreage ( :eat4 ,i h n z yet m>ket$ any cultivat$ ,g9s5g4 ,x is too preci\s & ( too mu* value z a yield] ( se$s to dig = ! m>ket4 ,"s ye>s ago ,i dug & m>ket$1 writes a ,we/ ,virg9ia p>ty1 ! ,gold5 ,seal gr[+ 9 a small plot1 t5 feet wide by ?irty feet long1 z a te/1 to see if ! cultivation ( ?is plant w\ld pay4 ,i f\nd t x paid extremely well1 al?\gh ,i made ?is te/ at a great loss4 ,?is b$ _h be5 set ?ree ye>s4 ,9 sett+ ,i us$ ab\t ?ree times z mu* gr\nd z 0 ne$$1 z ! plants 7 set 9 r[s eighte5 in*es ap>t & ab\t "o foot ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,! r[s %\ld h be5 "o foot ap>t1 & ! plants ab\t six in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s1 or less4 ,i dug ! plants 9 ! fall ab\t ! "t ! tops 7 dry+ d[n1 wa%$ !m clean1 dri$ !m c>efully 9 ! %ade & sold !m to a man 9 ! city ( ,hunt+ton1 ,w ,va4 ,he paid me #a4jj p] p\nd & ! pat* br\ght me #aa4fj1 or at ! rate ( #a1fhd4cb p] acre1 by actual measure & te/4 ,illu/ration3 ,canadian ,snake ,root 7,cultivat$74 ,?is exp]im5t op5$ my eyes v wide4 ,! pat* _h co/ me practically no?+1 & tak+ ?is view only1 _h paid extremely well4 ,b1 ,i said1 ,i made ?is te/ at a great loss1 :i* is true1 tak+ ! prop] view ( ! case4 ,suppose ,i _h cut ^? roots up into pieces = propagation1 & /ratifi$ !m 9 boxes ( s&y loam ?r\gh ! w9t]1 & :5 ! buds =m$ on !m c>efully set !m 9 well prep>$ b$s4 ,i w\ld n[ h a little gr[+ gold m9e4 ,! price has be5 #a4ge = su* /ock1 or #ge m ?an :5 ,i sold1 mak+ an acre ( su* /uff wor? #b1idh4ef4 ,! #aa4fj wor? ( /ock w\ld h set an acre1 or ne>ly s4 ,s my exp]im5t 0 a great loss1 tak+ ?is view ( x4 ,i am rais+1 9 a small way1 ,g9s5g1 ,lady ,slipp]1 ,wild ,g+] & ,virg9ia ,snake ,root1 & am hav+ v good success ) all ( x4 ,i am also exp]im5t+ ) "s fl[]+ plants1 su* z ,sweet ,h>b+]1 ,hepatica1 ,blood ,root1 & ,blue ,bell4 ,i am try+ to propagate & gr[ "s %rubs & trees to be us$ z y>d & cemet]y trees4 ,( ^! my mo/ int]e/+ "o is ! ,am]ican ,*ri/mas ,holly4 ,i h n made mu* headway ) x yet1 b ,i am n disc\rag$4 ,i "k m ab\t x ?an :5 ,i began1 & ?9k ,i %all succe$4 ,!re is good dem& = ,holly at ,*ri/mas "t1 & ,i c f9d ready sale = all ,i c get4 ,i ?9k ! plants %\ld sell well1 z x makes a beautiful %rub4 ,i ?9k ! "t has come :5 ! ,g9s5g & ,gold5 ,seal ( comm]ce & m$ic9e w practically all come f ! g>d5s ( ! cultivators ( ^! plants4 ,i d n see any dang] ( ov]production4 ,! dem& is great & is increas+ ye> by ye>4 ,( c\rse1 l ! ris+ ( a riv]1 ! price may ebb & fl[1 some:at1 b x is con/antly go+ up4 ,illu/ration3 ,blood ,root 7,cultivat$74 ,! in=mation conta9$ 9 ! foll[+ pages ab\t ! habits1 range1 description & price ( scores ( root drugs w help hundr$s to di/+ui% ! valuable plants f ! wor?less4 ,9 mo/ in/ances a good photo ( ! plant & root is giv54 ,z ,g9s5g & ,gold5 ,seal are ! mo/ valuable1 in/ructions = ! cultivation & m>ket+ ( same is giv5 9 detail4 ,any root c be successfully gr[n if ! w\ld-be gr[] w only give close att5tion to ! k9d ( soil1 %ade1 etc41 "u :i* ! plant fl\ri%es 9 its native /ate4 ,illu/ration3 ,s>sap>illa ,plant 7,wild74 ,detail$ me?ods ( gr[+ ,g9s5g & ,gold5 ,seal are giv5 f :i* x w be le>n$ t ! mo/ successful ones are ^? :o are cultivat+ ^! plants "u conditions z ne> ^? z possible :i* ! plants enjoy :5 gr[+ wild 9 ! =e/s4 ,note c>efully ! nature ( ! soil1 h[ mu* sunlight gets to ! plants1 h[ mu* leaf m\ld & o!r mul* at ! v>i\s seasons ( ! ye>4 ,x has be5 prov5 t ,g9s5g & ,gold5 ,seal d be/ :5 cultivat$ z ne> to nature z possible4 ,x is !re=e reasonable to assume t all o!r roots :i* gr[ wild & h a ca% value1 = m$ic9al & o!r purposes1 w d be/ :5 cultivat$ or h&l$ z ne> z possible "u conditions :i* !y ?riv$ :5 wild 9 ! =e/s4 ,_m root drugs :i* at ?is "t are n v valuable--br++ only a few c5ts a p\nd--w advance 9 price & ^? :o wi% to engage 9 ! m$ic9al root gr[+ bus9ess c d s ) reasonable assurance t prices w advance = ! supply gr[+ wild is dw9dl+ small] & small] ea* ye>4 ,look at ! prices paid = ,g9s5g & ,gold5 ,seal 9 #aijh & comp>e ) t5 ye>s prior or #ahih4 ,:o kn[s b t 9 ! ne> future an advance ( hundr$s ( p] c5t4 w h be5 scor$ on wild turnip1 lady's slipp]1 crawley root1 ,canada snak]oot1 s]p5t>ia 7kn[n also z ,virg9ia & ,texas snak]oot71 yell[ dock1 black coho%1 ,oregon grape1 blue coho%1 tw9leaf1 mayapple1 ,canada moonse$1 blood-root1 hydrangea1 crane's bill1 s5eca snak]oot1 wild s>sap>illa1 p9kroot1 black ,indian hemp1 pleurisy-root1 culv]s root1 d&elion1 etc41 etc48 ,( c\rse x w be be/ to gr[ only ! m valuable roots1 b at ! same "t a small pat* ( "o or m ( ^? m5tion$ above may prove a pr(itable inve/m5t4 ,none ( ^! are apt to comm& ! high price ( ,g9s5g1 b ! gr[] mu/ rememb] t x takes ,g9s5g "s ye>s to produce roots ( m>ketable size1 :ile _m o!r plants produce m>ketable roots 9 a ye>4 ,!re are ?\s&s ( l& own]s 9 all p>ts ( ,am]ica t c make money by ga!r+ ! roots1 plants & b>ks n[ gr[+ on _! premises4 ,if c>e is tak5 to only dig & collect ! be/ specim5s an income = ye>s c be _h4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,g9s5g4 ,hi/ory & sci5ce h _! romances z vivid & z fasc9at+ z any 9 ! realms ( fiction4 ,no /ory ev] told has surpass$ 9 int]e/ ! hi/ory ( ?is my/]i\s plant ,g9s5g2 ! root t = ne>ly #bjj ye>s has be5 an important article ( export to ,*9a4 ,until a few ye>s ago n "o 9 a hundr$ intellig5t ,am]icans liv+ 9 cities & t[ns1 ev] he>d ( ! plant1 & ^? 9 ! wild] p>ts ( ! c\ntry :o dug & sold ! roots c\ld tell no?+ ( its hi/ory & use4 ,_! =efa!rs _h dug & sold ,g9s5g4 ,!y m]ely foll[$ ! old cu/om4 ,! natural range ( ,g9s5g gr[+ wild 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is nor? to ! ,canadian l9e1 embrac+ all ! /ates ( ,ma9e1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,v]mont1 ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,rhode ,isl&1 ,delaw>e1 ,new ,york1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,m>yl&1 ,ohio1 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,virg9ia1 ,indiana1 ,ill9ois1 ,mi*igan1 ,wiscons91 ,k5tucky & ,t5nessee4 ,x is also f\nd 9 a great] "p ( ! foll[+ /ates3 ,m9nesota1 ,i[a1 ,miss\ri1 ,nor? & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia & ,alabama4 ,until rec5tly ! plant 0 f\nd gr[+ wild 9 ! above /ates 9 abundance1 especially ^? /ates t\*$ by ! ,allegh5y m\nta9s4 ,! plant is also f\nd 9 ,ont>io & ,quebec1 ,canada1 b has become sc>ce !re also1 ow+ to p]si/5t hunt+4 ,x also gr[s sp>+ly 9 ! /ates we/ ( & bord]+ on ! ,mississippi riv]4 ,g9s5g 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 n consid]$ ( any m$ical value until ab\t #aije1 b 9 ,*9a x is & has be5 highly priz$ = m$ical purposes & l>ge quantities ( ! root are export$ to t c\ntry4 ,x is inde$ d\btful if ! root has mu* if any m$ical value1 & ! fact t ! ,*9ese pref] roots t resemble1 some:at1 ! human body1 only goes to prove t _! use ( ! root is r f sup]/ition ?an real value4 ,( late ye>s ,g9s5g is be+ cultivat$ by ! ,*9ese 9 t c\ntry1 b ! root does n atta9 ! size t x does 9 ,am]ica1 & ! plant f ?is side w1 no d\bt1 cont9ue to be export$ 9 l>ge quantities4 ,new ,york & ,san ,francisco are ! two lead+ cities f :i* exports are made to ,*9a1 & 9 ea* ( ^! places are _m l>ge deal]s :o annually collect hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( doll>s' wor?4 ,! mo/ valuable ,g9s5g gr[s 9 ,new ,york1 ! ,new ,engl& /ates & nor!rn ,p5nsylvania4 ,! root f s\!rn sections sells at f fifty c5ts to "o doll> p] p\nd less4 ,g9s5g 9 ! wild or natural /ate gr[s l>gely 9 bee*1 sug> & popl> =e/s & pref]s a damp soil4 ,! appe>ance ( ,g9s5g :5 "y resembles some:at newly spr\t$ beans2 ! plant only gr[s a few in*es ! fir/ ye>4 ,9 ! fall ! /em dies & 9 ! spr+ ! /alk gr[s up aga94 ,! height ( ! full gr[n /alk is f eighte5 to tw5ty in*es1 al?o !y sometimes gr[ high]4 ,! b]ries & se$ are crimson 7sc>let7 color :5 ripe 9 ! fall4 ,= ?ree or f\r ye>s ! wild plants are small1 & unless "o has a practical eye w escape notice1 b pr(essional digg]s h s p]si/5tly sc\r$ ! hills t 9 sections :]e a few ye>s ago x 0 abundant1 x is n[ ext9ct4 ,:ile ! palmy days ( digg+ 7 on1 x 0 a novel occupation & ! s5g digg]s1 z !y are commonly call$1 g into ! woods arm$ ) a small mattock & sack1 & ! se>* = ! valuable plant beg9s4 ,g9s5g usually gr[s 9 pat*es & ^! spots are well kn[n to ! m\nta9 resid5ts4 ,(t5 scores ( p\nds ( root are tak5 f "o pat*1 & ! occupation is a v pr(itable "o4 ,! wom5 z well z ! m5 hunt ,g9s5g1 & ! /alk is well kn[n to all m\nta9 lads & lassies4 ,g9s5g gr[s 9 a ri*1 black soil1 & is m commonly f\nd on ! hillsides ?an 9 ! l[l&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,g9s5g ,plant & ,roots4 ,few are ! m\nta9 resid5ts :o d n devote "s ( _! "t to hunt+ ?is valuable plant1 & 9 ! m\nta9 f>m h\ses !re are n[ _m hundr$ p\nds ( ! article laid away wait+ ! m>ket4 ,:ile ! fall is ! favorite "t = ,g9s5g hunt+1 x is c>ri$ on all summ]4 ,:5 a pat* ( ! root is f\nd ! hunt] loses no "t 9 digg+ x4 ,to leave x until ! fall w\ld be to lose x1 = und\bt$ly "s o!r hunt] w\ld f9d ! pat* & dig x4 ,h[ ?is odd comm]ce ) ,*9a arose is 9 itself rem>kable4 ,_m1 _m ye>s ago a ,ca?olic prie/1 "o :o _h long s]v$ 9 ,*9a1 came z a mission>y to ! wilds ( ,canada4 ,"h 9 ! =e/ he not$ a plant be>+ close resemblance to "o mu* valu$ z a m$ic9e by ! ,*9ese4 ,a few roots 7 ga!r$ & s5t z a sample to ,*9a1 & _m mon?s aft]w>ds ! %ips br\ght back ! welcome news t ! ,*9am5 w\ld buy ! roots4 ,e>ly 9 its hi/ory ! value ( ,g9s5g z a cultivat$ crop 0 recogniz$1 & repeat$ ef=ts made = its propagation4 ,ea* attempt end$ 9 failure4 ,x became an accept$ fact ) ! p t ,g9s5g c\ld n be gr[n4 ,n[ ^! exp]im5t]s 7 n botani/s1 & consequ5tly !y fail$ to note "s v simple yet ess5tial requirem5ts ( ! plant4 ,ab\t #ahij exp]im5ts 7 r5ew$4 ,?is "t by skill$ & compet5t m5 :o quickly le>n$ t ! plant w\ld ?rive only "u its native =e/ conditions1 ample %ade1 & a loose1 mell[ soil1 ri* 9 humus1 or decay$ vegetable matt]4 ,z has s9ce be5 %[n by ! success ( ! gr[]s4 ,g9s5g is easily gr[n1 & responds readily to prop] c>e & att5tion4 ,"u "r conditions ! cultivat$ roots are mu* l>g] & f9]1 & gr[ m quickly ?an ! wild ones4 ,x may be /at$ 9 pass+1 t ,*9ese ,g9s5g is n q ! same ?+ z t f\nd 9 ,am]ica1 b is a v>iety call$ ,panax ,g9s5g1 :ile ours is ,panax ,qu9quefolia4 ,! *emi/s say1 h[ev]1 t s f> z analysis %[s1 bo? h practically ! same prop]ties4 ,x 0 orig9ally di/ribut$ ov] a wide area1 be+ f\nd ev]y:]e 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada :]e soil & locality 7 favorable4 ,g9s5g has an annual /alk & p]5nial root4 ,! fir/ ye> ! foliage does n closely resemble ! mature plant1 hav+ only ?ree leaves4 ,x is usually 9 its ?ird ye> t x assumes ! *>act]i/ic leaves ( maturity & becomes a se$-be>]4 ,! photos :i* accompany give a m accurate idea ( ! plant's appe>ance ?an is possible f a writt5 description4 ,! plants bloom v quickly aft] spr\t+ & ! b]ries mature 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb] 9 mo/ localities4 ,:5 ripe1 ! b]ries are a ri* deep crimson & conta9 usually two se$s ea*4 ,! se$s are peculi> 9 t x usually takes !m ab\t eighte5 mon?s to g]m9ate & if all[$ to become dry 9 ! meantime1 ! vitality w be de/roy$4 ,we/]n au?orities h h]et(ore plac$ little value on ,g9s5g z a curative ag5t1 b a numb] ( rec5t inve/igations seem to rev]se ?is op9ion4 ,! ,*9ese1 h[ev]1 h always plac$ ! highe/ value ^u x & millions h us$ & e/eem$ x = untold c5turies4 ,its prep>ation & uses h nev] be5 fully und]/ood by we/]n p4 ,our ,consuls 9 ,*9a h at v>i\s times furni%$ our gov]nm5t ) v full reports ( its high value & univ]sal use 9 ! ,fl[]y ,k+dom4 ,f ^! we le>n t ,imp]ial ,g9s5g1 ! highe/ grade gr[n 9 ! royal p>ks & g>d5s1 is jeal\sly wat*$ & is wor? f #dj4jj to #bjj4jj p] p\nd4 ,( c\rse its use is limit$ to ! upp] circle ( ,*9a's f\r hundr$4 ,! next quality comes f ,korea & is valu$ at #ae4jj to #ce4jj p] p\nd4 ,its use is also limit$ to ! lucky few4 ,! ?ird grade includes ,am]ican ,g9s5g & is ! great /aple k9d4 ,x is us$ by e "o ( ,*9a's sw>m+ millions :o c possibly raise ! price4 ,! f\r? grade is ,japanese ,g9s5g & is us$ by ^? :o c d no bett]4 ,mr4 ,wildman1 ( ,hong ,kong1 says3 ,! m>ket = a good article is practically unlimit$4 ,!re are f\r hundr$ million ,*9ese & all to "s ext5t use ,g9s5g4 ,if !y c once become satisfi$ ) ! results obta9$ f ! tea made f ,am]ican ,g9s5g1 ! ye>ly dem& w run up into ! millions ( doll>s wor?4 ,ano!r curi\s fact is t ! ,*9ese highly prize c]ta9 peculi> %apes among ^! roots especially ^? resembl+ ! human =m4 ,= su* !y gladly pay fabul\s prices1 sometimes six hundr$ times its weight 9 silv]4 ,! r>e %apes are n us$ z m$ic9e b kept z a *>m1 v mu* z "s ,am]icans keep a rabbit's foot = luck4 ,sir ,edw9 ,arnold1 t fam\s writ] & /ud5t ( ,ea/]n peoples1 says ( its m$ic9al values3 ,accord+ to ! ,*9aman1 ,g9s5g is ! be/ & mo/ pot5t ( cordials1 ( /imulants1 ( tonics1 ( /oma*ics1 c>diacs1 febrifuges1 &1 above all1 w be/ r5ovate & re9vigorate fail+ =ces4 ,x fills ! he>t ) hil>ity :ile its occasional use w1 x is said1 add a decade ( ye>s to ! ord9>y human life4 ,c all ^! millions ( ,ori5tals1 all ^? _m g5]ations ( m51 :o h boil$ ,g9s5g 9 silv] kettles & h prais$ heav5 = its _m b5efits1 h be5 totally deceiv$8 ,0 ! _w ev] q mi/ak5 :5 half ( x believ$ 9 some?+ nev] puff$1 n[h]e adv]tis$ & n yet fall5 to ! fate ( a ,tru/1 a ,comb9e or a ,corn]8 ,x has be5 ask$ :y ! ,*9ese d n gr[ _! own ,g9s5g4 ,9 reply x may be said t ,am]ica supplies b a v small "p inde$ ( ! ,g9s5g us$ 9 ,*9a4 ,! bulk comes f ,korea & ,man*uria1 two prov9ces belong+ to ,*9a1 or at lea/ :i* did belong to h] until ! rec5t ,ea/]n tr\bles4 ,aga91 ,g9s5g requires practically a virg9 soil1 & z ,*9a prop] has be5 ! home ( teem+ millions = ?\s&s ( ye>s1 "o readily sees t necess>y conditions = ! plant h>dly exi/ 9 t old & cr[d$ c\ntry4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,g9s5g ,,habits4 ,a few ye>s ago ,g9s5g c\ld be f\nd 9 ne>ly e woods & ?icket 9 ! c\ntry4 ,today conditions are q diff]5t4 ,g9s5g has become a sc>ce article4 ,! decrease 9 ! annual crop ( ! wild root w und\bt$ly be v rapid f ?is on4 ,! cont9u$ se>* = ! root 9 e nook & corn] 9 ! c\ntry1 c\pl$ ) ! decrease 9 ! =e/ & ?icket area ( ! c\ntry1 mu/ 9 a few ye>s ext]m9ate ! wild root entirely4 ,to :at ext5t ! cultivat$ article 9 ! meantime c supplant ! decrease 9 ! production ( ! wild root1 is yet to be demon/rat$4 ,! mo/ important po9ts 9 dome/icat+ ! root1 to my op9ion1 is provid+ %ade1 a necess>y condition = ! gr[? ( ,g9s5g1 & to f9d a f]tiliz] suitable = ! root to produce a rapid gr[?4 ,if ^! two conditions c be compli$ )1 prop] %ade & prop] f]tiliz+1 ! cultivation ( ! root is simplifi$4 ,n[ ! l>g] wild roots are f\nd 9 clay soil & n 9 ri* loam4 ,x seems reasonably c]ta9 t ! suitable elem5ts = ! gr[? ( ! root is f\nd 9 clay soil4 ,! s5g digg] (t5 f9ds _m roots close to ! gr[+ /alk1 :i* _h n s5t up a %oot t ye>4 ,= h[ _m ye>s ! root may lie dormant is n kn[n1 nor is x kn[n :e!r ?is is caus$ by lack ( cultivation4 ,i h notic$ t ! cultivat$ plant did n fail to spr\t = five consecutive ye>s4 ,:e!r x w fail ! six? ye> or ! t5? is yet unkn[n4 ,! se$ ( ,g9s5g does n spr\t or g]m9ate until ! second ye>1 :5 a sl5d] /alk ) two or ?ree leaves puts 9 an appe>ance4 ,!n z ! /alk increases 9 size f ye> to ye>1 x f9ally becomes q a sizable %rub ( "o ma9 /alk1 f :i* bran* ?ree1 f\r1 or ev5 m prongs2 ! ?ree & f\r prongs be+ m common4 ,a /alk ( s5g ) eight well arrang$ prongs1 f\r ( :i* 7 v]tically plac$ ov] f\r o!rs1 0 f\nd 9 ?is section 7,s\!rn ,ohio7 "s ye>s ago4 ,?is 0 q an oddity 9 ! g5]al arrangem5t ( ! plant4 ,g9s5g is a plant f\nd gr[+ wild 9 ! deep %ad$ =e/s & on ! hillsides ?ru\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada4 ,less ?an a score ( ye>s ago ,g9s5g 0 look$ ^u z a plant t c\ld n be cultivat$1 b today we f9d x is successfully gr[n 9 _m /ates4 ,x is surpris+ :at rapid improvem5ts h be5 made 9 ?is valuable root "u cultivation4 ,! av]age cultivat$ root n[ ( ?ree or f\r ye>s ( age1 w outweigh ! av]age wild root ( ?irty or =ty ye>s4 ,:5 my bro!r & ,i emb>k$ 9 ! ent]prise1 writes "o ( ! pione]s 9 ! bus9ess1 ( rais+ ,g9s5g1 we ?\ght x w\ld take tw5ty ye>s to mature a crop in/ead ( ?ree or f\r z we are do+ today4 ,at t "t we knew ( no o!r p]son gr[+ x & f !n until ! pres5t "t we h cont9ually exp]im5t$1 turn+ failures to success4 ,we h work$ f d>kness to light1 s to speak4 ,9 ! =e/s ( ,c5tral ,new ,york1 ! plant is mo/ abundant on hillsides slop+ nor? & ea/1 & 9 lime/one soils :]e basswood or butt]nut pr$om9ate4 ,l all root crops1 ,g9s5g delights 9 a light1 loose soil1 ) a por\s subsoil4 ,if a cultivat$ plant f "s ( our olde/ gr[n se$ & a wild "o be set side by side )\t %ad+1 ! cultivat$ "o w /& ?ree times z long z ! wild "o be=e succumb+ to excessive sunlight4 ,if a g]m9at$ se$ f a cultivat$ plant 7 plac$ side by side "u our be/ mode ( cultivation1 ! plant ( ! cultivat$ se$ at ! end ( five ye>s1 w\ld n only be heavi] 9 ! root b w\ld also produce m se$4 ,9 *oos+ a location = a ,g9s5g g>d51 rememb] ! mo/ favorable conditions = ! plant or se$ b$ are a ri* loamy soil1 z y w notice 9 ! home ( ! wild plant4 ,y w n f9d x on l[1 wet gr\nd or :]e ! ,wat] /&s any l5g? ( "t1 x won't gr[ ) wet feet2 x wants well dra9$ soil4 ,a fir/-class location is on l& t slopes to ! ea/ or nor?1 & on gr\nd t is level & good4 ,o!r slopes are all "r1 b n z good z ! fir/ m5tion$4 ,x does n d s well "u trees1 z ! roots & fib]s f !m draw ! moi/ure f ! plant & ret>d its gr[?4 ,illu/ration3 ,g>d5 ,gr[n ,g9s5g ,plant4 ,! v>iety ( soil is s mu* diff]5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates t x is a h>d matt] to give in/ructions t w\ld be correct = all places4 ,! be/ is l& ( a s&y loam1 z ,i h m5tion$ be=e4 ,clay l& c be us$ & w make good g>d5s by mix+ leaf mold1 rott5 wood & leaves & "s light] soil1 pulv]ize & "w x ?ru ?or\ghly4 ,pick out all /icks & /ones t w\ld int]f]e ) ! plants4 ,g9s5g is a mo/ peculi> plant4 ,x has held a place ( high e/eem among ! ,*9ese f "t immemorial4 ,x hides away f man ) seem+ intellig5ce4 ,x is %y ( cultivation1 ! se$ g]m9at+ 9 eighte5 mon?s z a rule1 f ! "t ( rip5+ & plant+4 ,if ! se$s become dry !y lose1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 _! g]m9at+ p[]4 ,! "y plant is v weak & ( rem>kably sl[ gr[?4 ,x ?rives only 9 virg9 soil1 & is v *oice 9 its selection ( a place to gr[4 ,remove ! soil to ano!r place or cultivate x 9 any way & x loses its *>m = produc+ ?is mo/ fa/idi\s plant4 ,x has a record ^u :i* x keeps its age1 or ye>s ( its gr[?1 = x passes a great _m ye>s 9 ! gr\nd1 dormant4 ,i h c\nt$ ! age ^u ! record /em ( small roots & f\nd _! age to be f #cj to #fj ye>s4 ,no plant ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$ gr[s z sl[ly z ,g9s5g4 ,a great _m sup]/iti\s notions are held by ! p1 g5]ally1 9 reg>d to ,g9s5g4 ,i ?9k x is ^! natural peculi>ities ( ! plant1 toge!r ) ! fanci$ resemblance ( ! root to man1 &1 also probably its aromatic odor t gives x its *>m & value4 ,de/roy x f ! e>? & ! ,mat]ia ,m$ica ( civilization w\ld lose no?+4 ,i notice t ! cultivat$ root is n s high 9 price by "s two doll>s z ! wild root4 ,if ! root is gr[n 9 natural environm5t & by natural cultivation1 i4 e41 j let x gr[1 no ,*9aman c tell x f ! wild root4 ,we h at pres5t1 writes a gr[]1 9 our ,g9s5g pat* ab\t #c1ejj plants & w ?is ye> get q a lot ( excell5t se$4 ,our ,g9s5g g>d5 is on a flat or b5* on a nor? hillside ne> ! top1 t 0 nev] cle>$4 ,! soil is a s&y loam & 9 exposure & quality naturally adapt$ to ! gr[? ( ?is plant4 ,! natural gr[? ( timb] is walnut1 bo? black & :ite1 oak1 r$ bud1 dogwood1 sug>1 maple1 l91 popl> & "s o!r v>ieties4 ,we cultivate by lett+ ! leaves f ! trees drop d[n ^u ! b$ 9 ! fall z a mul* & !n 9 ! e>ly spr+ we burn ! leaves (f ! b$4 ,our plants seem to l ?is treatm5t v well4 ,!y are ( t good ,g9s5g color :i* all ,g9s5g digg]s recognize z indicative ( good siz$1 heal?y roots4 ,illu/ration3 ,nor!rn ,g9s5g ,plant 9 ,bloom--,june4 ,i h _h mu* exp]i5ce 9 hunt+ ! wild ,g9s5g roots1 says ano!r1 & h be5 a close obs]v] ( its habits1 conditions1 etc4 ,high %ade is be/ ) ab\t "o-half sun4 ,! root is f\nd mo/ly :]e !re is good v5tilation & dra9age4 ,a s&y por\s loam produces be/ roots4 ,plants 9 d5se %ade fail to produce se$ 9 proportion to ! d5sity ( ! %ade4 ,9 high "o-half %ade !y produce heavy crops ( se$4 ,co>se leaves t hold wat] w cause disease 9 ra9y seasons4 ,no leaves or mul* make /alks too l[ & /unt$4 ,g9s5g is v wise & kn[s its own age4 ,?is age ! plant %[s 9 two ways4 ,fir/1 by ! /yle ( ! foliage :i* *anges ea* ye> until x is f\r ye>s old4 ,second1 ! age c be det]m9$ by c\nt+ ! sc>s on ! neck ( ! bud-/em4 ,ea* ye> ! /alk :i* c>ries ! leaves & b]ries1 goes d[n1 leav+ a sc> on ! neck or p]5nial root f :i* x grew4 ,a new bud =ms opposite & a little above ! old "o ea* ye>4 ,c\nt+ ^! /alk sc>s w give ! age ( ! plant4 ,i h se5 "s v old roots & h be5 told t roots ) fifty sc>s h be5 dug4 ,! leaf on a se$l+ is =m$ ( ?ree small p>ts on a /em1 gr[+ directly out ( a p]5nial root & dur+ ! fir/ ye> x rema9s t %ape4 ,! second ye> ! /em =ks at ! top & ea* =k be>s two leaves1 ea* be+ =m$ ( five p>ts4 ,! ?ird ye> ! /em =ks ?ree ways & be>s ?ree leaves1 ea* =m$ ( five p>ts1 mu* l ! ,virg9ia creep]4 ,n[ ! plant beg9s to %[ signs ( be>+ se$ & a small button-%ap$ clu/] ( gre5 b]ries c be se5 gr[+ 9 ! =ks ( ! /alk at ! base ( ! leaf /em4 ,! f\r? ye> ! p]5nial /alk gr[s z l>ge ar\nd z an ord9>y lead p5cil & f "o foot to tw5ty in*es high4 ,x bran*es f\r ways1 & has f\r beautiful five-po9t$ leaves1 ) a l>ge well-=m$ clu/] ( b]ries 9 ! c5t]4 ,aft] ! middle ( ,june a pale gre5 blossom =ms on ! top ( ea* b]ry4 ,! b]ries gr[ z l>ge z a *]ry pit & conta9 two or ?ree flat h>d se$s4 ,9 ,septemb] !y turn a beautiful r$ & are v attractive to birds & squirrels4 ,!y may be ga!r$ ea* day z !y rip5 & %\ld be plant$ directly 9 a b$1 or put 9 a box ( damp1 clean s& & safely /or$4 ,if put directly 9 ! gr\nd !y w spr\t ! fir/ ye>1 :i* advantage w\ld be lo/ if /or$ dry4 ,a ^w to trapp]s ab\t wild roots4 ,:5 y f9d a plant ga!r ! se$1 & unless y want to plant !m 9 y\r g>d51 bury !m 9 ! b]ry ab\t an in* or in* & a half deep 9 "s good1 ri*1 %ady place1 "o b]ry 9 ea* spot4 ,?us y w h plants to dig 9 lat] ye>s1 y & ^? :o come aft] y4 ,look = x 9 ! autumn aft] x has _h "t to mature its b]ries4 ,d n take up ! little plants :i* h n yet become se$ be>]s4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,cultivation4 ,! =e/ is ! home ( ! ,g9s5g plant & ! clos] we foll[ nature ! bett] results we get4 ,i am gr[+ x n[ "u artificial %ade2 also 9 ! =e/ ) natural %ade1 says an ,ohio p>ty4 ,a good %ade is made by sett+ po/s 9 ! gr\nd1 nail cross-pieces on ^!1 !n cov] ) bru%4 ,y mu/ keep out ! sun & let 9 ! ra9 & ?is w d bo?4 ,ano!r good %ade is made by nail+ la?s across1 all[+ !m to be "o-half in* ap>t4 ,?is w all[ ! ra9 to pass ?ru & w keep ! sun out4 ,always :5 us+ la? = %ade all[ !m to run ea/ & we/1 !n ! sun c't %9e betwe5 !m4 ,9 select+ gr\nd = location ( a ,g9s5g g>d51 ! nor? side ( a hill is be/1 al?o :]e ! gr\nd is level x w gr[ well4 ,don't select a l[ m>%y piece ( gr\nd nor a piece too high1 all y want is gr\nd ) a good dra9age & moi/ure4 ,x is ! op9ion ( "s p t 9 a few ye>s ! m>ket w be glutt$ by ^? gr[+ x = sale4 ,i w v5ture to say t ,i don't ?9k we c gr[ en\gh 9 fifty ye>s to ov]-run ! m>ket4 ,! dem& is s great & ! supply s sc>ce x w be a long "t be=e ! m>ket w be affect$ by ! cultivat$ root4 ,! m>ket has be5 kept up entirely 9 ! pa/ by ! wild root1 b x has be5 s c>elessly ga!r$ t x is almo/ entirely exhau/$1 s 9 ord] to supply ?is dem& we mu/ cultivate ?is crop4 ,i prep>e my b$s five feet wide & z long z conv5i5t4 ,i comm5ce by cov]+ gr\nd ) a lay] ( good1 ri*1 loose dirt f ! woods or well-rott$ manure4 ,!n ,i spade x up1 turn+ "u ! ri* dirt4 ,!n ,i cov] ) ano!r lay] ( ! same k9d ( dirt 9 :i* ,i plant my se$ & roots4 ,aft] ,i h !m plant$ ,i cov] ! b$s ov] ) a lay] ( leaves or /raw to hold ! moi/ure1 :i* ,i leave on all w9t] to protect !m f ! cold4 ,9 ! spr+ ,i remove a "p ( ! leaves 7n all71 !y w come up ?ru ! leaves z !y d 9 _! wild =e/4 ,all ! att5tion ,g9s5g ne$s aft] plant+ is to keep ! we$s out ( ! b$s4 ,nev] "w ! soil aft] plant+ or y w di/urb ! roots4 ,x is a wild plant & we mu/ foll[ nature z ne> z possible4 ,g9s5g c be pr(itably gr[n on small plots if x is c>$ = prop]ly4 ,!re are ?ree ?+s influ5c+ its gr[?4 ,!y are soil1 %ade & treatm5t4 ,9 its wild /ate ! plant is f\nd gr[+ 9 ri* leaf mold ( a %ady wood4 ,s 9 cultivation "o mu/ con=m to _m ( ! same conditions 9 :i* ! plant is f\nd gr[+ wild4 ,9 />t+ a b$ ( ,g9s5g ! fir/ ?+ to be consid]$ is ! selection ( soil4 ,?o y\r soil be v ri* x is a good plan to cov] x ) ?ree or f\r in*es ( leaf mold & spade ab\t t5 in*es deep s t ! two soils w be well mix$4 ,artificial %ade is pref]able at all times because trees take ne>ly all ! moi/ure & /r5g? out ( ! soil4 ,:5 ! b$ is well fitt$1 se$ may be s[n or plants may be set out4 ,! latt] is ! quick] way to obta9 results4 ,if se$s are s[n ! "y gr[] is apt to become disc\rag$ be=e he sees any signs ( gr[?1 z x requires eighte5 mon?s = _! g]m9ation4 ,! *eape/ way to get plants is to le>n to recognize !m at sight1 !n g to ! woods & try to f9d !m4 ,) a little practice y w be able to tell !m at "s di/ance4 ,mu* c>e %\ld be tak5 9 remov+ ! plant f ! soil4 ,! few] fib]s y break f ! root1 ! m likely x w be to gr[4 ,c>e %\ld also be tak5 n to break ! bud on top ( ! root4 ,x is ! /alk ( ! plant />t+ = ! next ye>1 & is v noticeable aft] ,june #a/4 ,if x be brok5 or h>m$ ! root w h no /alk ! next season4 ,x is be/ to />t a ,g9s5g g>d5 on a well dra9$ piece ( l&1 says a ,dodge ,c\nty1 ,wiscons91 gr[]4 ,run ! b$s ! way ! hill slopes4 ,b$s %\ld only be f\r to five feet wide s t !y c be rea*$1 = walk+ on ! b$s is objectionable4 ,make y\r walks ab\t f f\r to six in*es bel[ ! b$s1 = an undra9$ b$ w produce root rot4 ,! gr\nd %\ld be v ri* & mul*y4 ,use well rott$ horse manure 9 prep>+ ! b$s1 = fre% manure w heat & hurt ! plants4 ,use pl5ty ( woods dirt1 b v little manure ( any k9d4 ,set plants ab\t six in*es ea* way1 & if y want to increase ! size ( ! root1 p9* (f ! se$ bulb4 ,9 ! fall :5 ! tops h di$ d[n1 cov] ! b$s ab\t two in*es deep ) dead leaves f ! woods4 ,we make our %ades out ( "o-in* /rips ?ree in*es wide & common la?4 ,! nor? & we/ f5ce %\ld be m tight to keep cold w9ds out4 ,ea/]n & s\!rn side tight1 two feet f ! gr\nd4 ,f ! two feet to top y may use ord9>y /aves f salt b>rels or s nail$ "o in* ap>t4 ,h y\r ,g9s5g g>d5 close to ! h\se1 = ,g9s5g ?ieves become num]\s4 ,i 0 rais$ 9 ! c\ntry on a f>m & z ne> to nature z x is possible to get1 & h kn[n a great deal ( ,g9s5g f my y\? up4 ,tw5ty-five ye>s ago x 0 #ge c5ts a p\nd1 & n[ x is wor? t5 times z mu*4 ,e "o ) any exp]i5ce 9 su* matt]s kn[s t if radi%es or turnips are plant$ 9 ri*1 old soil t has be5 highly f]tiliz$ !y w gr[ l>ge & w be /rong1 hot1 pi?y & unpalatable4 ,if plant$ 9 ri*1 new soil1 !y w be firm1 crisp1 juicy & sweet4 ,?is fact holds good ) ,g9s5g4 ,if plant$ 9 old gr\nd t is highly f]tiliz$1 ! roots w gr[ l>ge1 b ! flavor is altoge!r diff]5t f t ( ! wild root1 & no d\bt specim5s ( l>ge sizes are spongy & unpalatable to ! ,cele/ials comp>$ to t ( ! wild root4 ,if plant$ 9 ri*1 new gr\nd & no /rong f]tiliz] us$1 dep5d+ entirely ^u ! ri* woods soil = enri*+ ! b$s1 ! flavor is b\nd to be exactly z t ( ! wild root4 ,:5 ! gr[]s wake up to ?is fact1 & dig _! roots be=e !y become too l>ge1 prices w be v satisfactory & ! bus9ess w be on a s\nd basis4 99 99 99 ,we w beg9 9 a sy/ematic way1 ) ! location1 plant+ & prep>+ ( ! gr\nd = ! ,g9s5g g>d51 writes a successful gr[]--,c4 ,h4 ,pet]son--( ,blue ,e>? ,c\nty1 ,m9n4 ,9 *oos+ a location = a ,g9s5g g>d51 select "o hav+ a well-dra9$ soil4 ,g9s5g ?rives be/ 9 wood loam soil t is cool & mell[1 al?\gh any good vegetable g>d5 soil w d v well4 ,a s\!rn slope %\ld be avoid$1 z ! gr\nd gets too w>m 9 summ] & x also requires m %ade ?an level or nor!rn slope does4 ,x is also apt to spr\t too e>ly 9 ! spr+1 & !re is "s dang] ( its gett+ fro/$1 z ! fl[] /em freezes v easily & no se$ is ! result4 ,!n aga9 if y locate y\r g>d5 on too l[ gr\nd ! roots are apt to rot & ! freez+ & ?aw+ ( wet gr\nd is h>d on ,g9s5g4 ,lay+ out a g>d5 no?+ is m important ?an a good sy/em bo? = looks1 conv5i5ce & ! gr[? ( y\r roots lat] on4 ,d y\r "w well z !re is good money 9 rais+ ,g9s5g1 & = y\r "t y w be well repaid4 ,don't make "o b$ "h & ano!r !re & a pa? :]e y happ5 to /ep1 b foll[ "s plan = !m4 ,i h f\nd by exp]i5ce t ! wid] ! b$s are1 ! bett]1 provid+ t _! wid? does n exce$ ! di/ance t y c rea* f ea* pa? to c5t] ( b$ to we$4 ,= g5]al purposes = b$s #f #a_/b ft4 is us$ = pa?s #a #a_/b ft4 ,a b$ #f #a_/b ft4 wide gives y #c #a_/d ft4 to rea* f ea* pa? to c5t] ( b$ )\t gett+ on ! b$s1 :i* w\ld n be advisable4 ,an #ah 94 pa? is none too wide aft] a few ye>s' gr[?1 z ! plants ne>ly cov] ?is ) foliage4 ,?is size b$s & pa?s are j ! "r wid? = ! sy/em ( la? %ad+ ,i am us+1 mak+ ! comb9$ di/ance across b$ & pa? #h ft41 or #af ft4 = two b$s & two pa?s1 j "r to use a #ax#d r\gh #af ft4 f5c+ bo>d to run across top ( po/s describ$ lat] on4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan = ,g9s5g ,g>d5 #bdx#dj ,feet--,gr\nd ,plan "o l9e1 ov]head dott$4 ,n[ we w lay out ! g>d5 by sett+ a r[ ( po/s #h ft4 ap>t ! l5g? y desire to make y\r g>d54 ,!n set ano!r r[ #h ft4 f fir/ r[ runn+ p>allel ) fir/ r[1 & s on until desir$ wid? ( y\r g>d5 has be5 rea*$4 ,be sure to h po/ l9e up bo? ways & />t ev5 at ends4 ,be sure to measure correctly4 ,aft] all po/s are set run a #ax#d 94 r\gh f5ce bo>d across g>d5 s top edge is ev5 at top ( po/ & nail to po/4 ,! po/ %\ld be ab\t #h ft4 long s :5 set w\ld be a trifle ov] #f ft4 above gr\nd4 ,?is enables a p]son to walk "u %ad+ :5 complet$4 ,x is also cool] = y\r plants4 ,9 sett+ ! po/s d n set !m too firm1 s !y c be mov$ at top en\gh to make !m l9e up bo? ways4 ,aft] ! #ax#d 94 f5ce bo>d is put on we w nail on d\ble pieces4 ,take a #ax#f r\gh f5ce bo>d #af ft4 long & rip x s z to make two /rips1 "o #c #a_/b & ! o!r #b #a_/b in*es wide1 lay ! #c #a_/b 94 flat & set ! #b #a_/b 94 /rip on edge 9 middle ( o!r /rip & nail toge!r4 ,?is _h bett] be done on ! gr\nd s x c be turn$ ov] to nail4 ,!n />t at "o side & run ?is d\ble piece l5g?wise ( y\r g>d5 or crosswise ( ! #ax#d 94 f5ce bo>d nail$ along top ( po/ & nail d[n into same4 ,x may be necess>y to nail a small piece ( bo>d on side ( ! #ax#d 94 bo>d :]e ! jo9ts come4 ,!n lay ano!r piece simil> to ?is p>allel ) fir/ "o1 leav+ ab\t #di #a_/b 94 betwe5 ! two4 ,?is space is = ! la? panel to re/ on ! bottom piece ( ! d\ble piece4 ,d n put d\ble pieces s close t y w h to cr[d ! la? panels to get !m 91 b leave a little room at end ( panel4 ,y w ga9 ab\t #a #a_/b 94 = e d\ble piece us$ 9 runn+ across ! g>d54 ,?is has to be made up by ext5d+ ov] "o side or ! o!r a piece ( #ax#d bo>d nail$ to end ( #ax#d bo>d nail$ at top po/s4 ,let ?is come ov] ! side y ne$ ! %ade mo/4 ,beg9 f ! side y ne$ ! %ade lea/ & let x ext5d ov] ! o!r side4 ,x is advisable to run pa?s on outside ( g>d5 & ext5d ! %ad+ out ov] !m4 ,on sides la? c be us$ unless o!rwise %ad$ by trees or v9es4 ,x w n be necess>y to %ade ! nor? side if %ad+ ext5ds out ov] end ( b$s sev]al feet4 ,give y\r plants all ! air y c4 ,9 ?is sy/em ( %ad+ ,i am us+ ,i h figur$ a :ole lot to get ! mo/ conv5i5t %ad+ z well z a /rong1 sub/antial "o )\t ! use ( ne$less lumb]1 :i* means money 9 mo/ places4 ,x has giv5 good satisfaction = la? %ade s f>4 ,be+ easily built & h&y to put on 9 spr+ & take (f 9 fall4 ,n[ don't ?9k ,i am us+ all la? %ade1 z ,i am n4 ,9 "o "p ( g>d5 ,i am us+ la? & 9 ano!r "p ,i am us+ "s good elm trees4 ,i ?9k1 h[ev]1 t ! roots make m rapid gr[? "u ! la? %ade1 b ! trees are ! *eap] z !y d n rot & h to be replac$4 ,!y also put on _! own %ade4 ,! leaves :5 ! prop] "t comes also removes x :5 ! "t comes 9 ! fall & also mul*es ! b$s at ! same "t4 ,we w n[ plan out ! b$s & pa?s4 ,use #ax#d 94 r\gh #af ft4 f5ce bo>ds on outside r[ ( po/s next to gr\nd1 nail ^! to po/s1 cont9ue & d likewise on next r[ ( po/s1 & s on until all po/s h bo>ds nail$ on same side ( !m z fir/ "o1 ! po/ be+ j on inside edge ( y\r b$s4 ,!n measure #f #a_/b ft4 t[>d next bo>d1 drive a r[ ( /akes & nail a bo>d ( same wid? to same ! l5g? ( y\r g>d5 t w make #ah 94 betwe5 la/ r[ ( bo>ds & bo>ds on next r[ nail$ to po/ = ! pa?4 ,^! bo>ds answ] sev]al purposes1 viz41 keep p f walk+ on b$s1 elevates b$s above pa?s1 holds y\r mul*+ ( leaves & adds to ! appe>ance ( y\r g>d54 ,aft] b$s are made by plac+ ! bo>ds spade ! gr\nd ab\t a foot deep all ov] ! b$ s z to "w x up 9 good %ape4 ,aft] ?is is done =k x ov] ) a six-t9e =k4 ,if b$ is made 9 summ] = fall or spr+ plant+ x is well to "w x ov] sev]al times dur+ ! summ]1 z ! gr\nd _c be too mell[4 ,?is w also help kill ! we$s4 ,!n j be=e plant+ rake x d[n level4 ,9 case b$s are made 9 woods cut1 or bett]1 grub out all trees n ne$$ = %ade1 & if tree roots are n too l>ge cut out all next to ! surface runn+ inside ( bo>ds 9 b$s1 & "w ! same z o!r b$s4 ,lay out y\r b$s same z = la? %ade ) pa?s betwe5 !m4 ,don't try to plant ,g9s5g 9 ! woods be=e mak+ x into b$s1 z y w f9d x unsatisfactory4 ,we w n[ make ! la? panel be=e m5tion$4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,la? ,panel4 ,place ?ree la?s s t :5 ! la?s are laid crosswise "o ( ! la?s w be 9 ! middle & ! o!r two1 "o at ea* end two in*es f end4 ,c be plac$ at ! end1 b w rot soon]4 ,!n beg9 at end ( ! ?ree la?s & nail la? on1 plac+ !m #a_/b 94 ap>t until o!r end is rea*$1 & if la? is gre5 put clos] toge!r to all[ = %r9kage4 ,if y h _m panels to make1 make a table out ( bo>ds & lay /rips ( iron fa/5$ to table :]e ! ?ree la? comes1 s z to cl9* nails :5 !y /rike ! iron /rips1 :i* w save a lot ( "w4 ,gauges c also be plac$ on side ( table to lay la? s !y w be ev5 at ends ( panels :5 f9i%$4 ,!n lay panels 9 y\r d\ble pieces on y\r g>d51 & if g>d5 is n locat$ 9 too w9dy a locality !y w n bl[ out )\t nail+1 & a wire drawn tight f end to end ( g>d5 on top ( panels w prev5t ?is1 & is all t is necess>y to hold !m 9 place4 ,9 ,c5tral ,new ,york1 "u favorable conditions1 ,g9s5g plants %\ld be com+ up ! la/ ( ,april & e>ly ,may1 & %\ld be 9 ! gr\nd by or be=e ,april #a/1 to give be/ results4 ,heal?y roots1 tak5 up la/ ( ,m>* or e>ly ,april w be f\nd cov]$ ) num]\s f9e hair-l rootlets4 ,^! are ! fe$]s & h all gr[n f ! roots dur+ ! spr+4 ,!y %\ld be well e/abli%$ 9 ! soil be=e plants appe>4 ,fifte5 m9utes exposure to ! sun or w9d w s]i\sly injure & possibly de/roy ^! f9e fe$]s1 =c+ ! roots to ?r[ out a second crop ( fe$]s4 ,consid]+ ^! conditions & frequ5t late seasons1 our advice to beg9n]s is1 wait until fall = transplant+ roots4 ,b we are n consid]+ s\!rn conditions4 ,s\!rn gr[]s mu/ be gov]n$ by _! own exp]i5ce & climatic conditions4 ,x may be a matt] ( conv5i5ce sometimes = a nor!rn gr[] to take up "o or two ye> se$l+s & transplant to p]man5t b$s 9 spr+4 ,if conditions are favorable s ! "w c be done 9 ,m>* or e>ly ,april1 x may be all[able4 ,h gr\nd ready be=e roots are tak5 up4 ,only take up a few at a "t1 protect f sun & w9d1 transplant imm$iately4 ,spr+ s[+ ( old se$4 ,by ?is we mean se$ t %\ld h be5 s[$ ! fall be=e :5 "o ye> old1 b has be5 kept ov] = spr+ s[+4 ,illu/ration3 ,"o1 ,two & ,?ree ,ye> ,old ,g9s5g ,roots4 ,!re is o!r "w t c be done q e>ly 9 ! ,g9s5g g>d5s4 ,all we$s t h liv$ ?ru ! w9t] %\ld be pull$ z soon z fro/ is out ( gr\nd4 ,!y c be pull$ easi] !n ?an any o!r "t & m c]ta9 ( gett+ ! we$ root out4 ,mul*+ %\ld be look$ to4 ,:5 co>se mat]ial l /raw or leaves has be5 us$1 x %\ld be loos5$ up s air c get to ! soil & ! plants c come up ?ru ! mul*4 ,if v heavy1 p]haps a portion ( ! mul* may ne$ to be remov$1 b don't6 don't6 take mul* all (f f b$s ( set roots4 ,se$ b$s s[n la/ fall w ne$ to be remov$ ab\t "t plants are />t+ up4 ,b se$ b$s %\ld h be5 mul*$ ) co>se leaf loam1 or f9e vegetable mul*1 & well rott$ horse manure 7half & half71 ?or\ghly mix$ toge!r1 ?is mul* %\ld h be5 put on z soon z se$s 7 s[n & cov]$ ) mul* "o in* deep4 ,if ?is 0 n done la/ fall x %\ld be put on ?is spr+ z soon z sn[ is (f b$s4 ,illu/ration3 ,g9s5g plants com+ up4 ,!re is ano!r po9t t ne$s c>eful att5tion :5 plants are com+ up4 ,on heavy soil plants are liable to be e>? b\nd2 ?is is q likely to occur on old b$s t h n be5 mul*$ & especially 9 dry seasons4 ,z ! ,g9s5g /alk comes out ( ! gr\nd d\bl$ 7l an inv]t$ ,u7 ! plant end is liable to be held fa/ by ! h>d soil1 caus+ injury & (t5 loss ( plants4 ,a little exp]i5ce & c>eful obs]vation w enable "o to detect e>? b\nd plants4 ,! rem$y is to loos5 soil ar\nd ! plant4 ,a brok5 =k t9e ab\t eight in*es long 7/raight5$7 & drive small end 9 a piece ( broom h&le ab\t f\r in*es long = a h&le1 flatt5 l>ge end ( t9e l a screwdriv]2 ?is makes a h&y tool = ?is "w4 ,=ce x into soil ne> plant1 give a little pry+ movem5t1 at same "t g5tly pull on plant end ( /alk until y feel x loos51 d n try to pull x out1 x w take c>e ( itself :5 loos5$4 ,!re is n likely to be any tr\ble1 if leaves appe> at ! surface ( soil4 ,?is little spud w be v useful to assi/ 9 pull+ we$ roots1 su* z d&elion1 dock1 etc4 ,:]e movable or op5 %ades are us$1 !y ne$ n be put on or clos$ till plants are well up2 ab\t ! "t leaves are out on trees is ! g5]al rule4 ,b "o mu/ be gov]n$ to "s ext5t by wea!r & local conditions4 ,if w>m & dry1 ) mu* sun1 get !m on e>ly4 ,if wet & cool1 keep !m (f z long z practicable1 b be ready to get !m on z soon z ne$$4 ,i w\ld advise a w\ld-be gr[] ( ,g9s5g to visit1 if possible1 "s g>d5s ( o!r gr[]s & le>n all !y c by inquiry & obs]vation4 ,9 select+ a place = y\r g>d51 be sure x has good dra9age1 z ?is "o feature may save y a good deal ( tr\ble & loss f damp+ (f1 wilt1 & o!r fungus diseases :i* orig9ate f too damp soil4 ,a light1 ri* soil is be/4 ,my op9ion is to get soil f ! =e/1 heap up some:]e = a :ile ?ru ! summ]1 !n sift ?ru s& sieve or some?+ simil>1 & put ab\t two in*es on top ( b$s y h previ\sly prep>$ by spad+ & rak+4 ,if ! soil is a little heavy "s old sawdu/ may be mix$ ) x to light5 x4 ,! woods dirt is ,o4 ,k4 )\t us+ any comm]cial f]tiliz]s4 ,! use ( /rong f]tiliz]s & improp] dry+ is responsible = ! poor dem& = cultivat$ root4 ,! ,*9ese mu/ h ! quality he desires & if flavor ( root is poor1 w n buy4 99 99 99 ,i wond] h[ _m read]s "k t ,g9s5g c be gr[n 9 ! h\se8 writes a ,new ,york deal]4 ,take a box ab\t #e in*es deep & any size y wi%4 ,fill x ) woods dirt or any light1 ri* soil4 ,plant roots 9 fall & set 9 cell> ?ru ! w9t]4 ,!y w beg9 to come up ab\t ,april #a/1 & %\ld !n be br\ght out ( cell>4 ,i h tri$ ?is two seasons4 ,la/ ye> ,i kept !m by a w9d[ on ! nor? side s z to be out ( ! sun%9e4 ,w9d[ 0 rais$ ab\t "o in* to give v5tilation4 ,two plants ( m$ium size gave me ab\t #ajj se$s4 ,?is season ,i h sev]al boxes1 & plants are look+ well & mo/ ( !m h se$ heads ) b]ries f "o-?ird to ?ree-f\r?s gr[n4 ,!y h be5 greatly admir$1 & ,i believe ,i 0 ! fir/ 9 ?is section to try gr[+ ,g9s5g z a h\se plant4 99 99 99 ,z to ! location = a ,g9s5g g>d51 ,i h = ! pa/ two ye>s be5 an en?usia/ = cultivation 9 ! natural =e/1 writes ,l4 ,c4 ,+ram1 ,m4 ,d41 ( ,m9nesota4 ,x is true t ! l>ge/ & f9e/ roots ,i h se5 7 gr[n 9 g>d5s "u lattice1 & ma9ta9+ su* a g>d5 mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt :5 balanc+ y\r acc\nts = ! purpose ( det]m9+ ! net pr(its1 = x is really ! pr(its we are look+ =4 ,! soil ,i h f\nd to be ! be/1 is a ri* black1 hav+ a good dra91 t is some:at roll+4 ,z to ! direction ( ?is slope ,i am n p>ticul> s long z !re is a ri* soil1 pl5ty ( %ade & mul* cov]+ ! b$s4 ,! selection ( se$ & roots = plant+ is ! mo/ important item confront+ ! beg9n]4 ,consid]able has be5 said 9 ! pa/ conc]n+ ! di/ribution among gr[]s ( ,japanese se$ by unscrupul\s se$ v5d]s4 ,x is a fact t ,japanese ,g9s5g se$ h be5 />t$ 9 a numb] ( g>d5s1 & unless successfully /amp$ out be=e any quantity f9ds its way into ! ,*9ese m>ket1 ! ,g9s5g indu/ry 9 ,am]ica1 /&s 9 p]il ( be+ completely de/roy$4 ,%\ld !y f9d our root mix$1 _! confid5ce w\ld be lo/ & our m>ket lo/4 ,e "o gr[+ ,g9s5g mu/ be int]e/$ 9 ?is vital po9t1 & if !y are suspici\s ( any ( _! roots be+ ,japanese1 h !m pass$ ^u by an exp]t1 & if ,japanese1 e "o dug4 ,illu/ration3 ,b$ ( #aj1jjj ,"y ,g9s5g ,plants 9 ,=e/4 ,x is a fact t neighbor+ g>d5s are 9 dang] ( be+ mix$1 z ! bees are able to d ?is 9 c>ry+ ! mix+ poll54 ,! safe/ way to make a />t is by procur+ se$ & roots f ! woods wild 9 y\r own locality4 ,if ?is _c be done !n ! se$ & roots = a />t %\ld be procur$ f a reliable p>ty ne> y :o c positively gu>antee ! se$ & roots to be g5u9e ,am]ican ,g9s5g4 ,we %\ld n be too impati5t & ha/y to ext5d ! g>d5 or laun* out 9 a great way4 ,le>n fir/1 !n increase z ! gr[? ( new se$ w p]mit4 ,! next ess5tial ?+ is ! prop] prep>ation ( ! soil = ! plant+ ( ! se$s & roots4 ,! soil mu/ be dug deep & work$ p]fectly loose same z any b$ 9 a vegetable g>d54 ,! b$s are made f\r or five feet wide & rais$ f\r to six in*es above ! pa?s1 :i* are left "o & a half to two feet wide4 ,i h _h se$ s[n on ! gr\nd & cov]$ ) dirt gr[+ beside se$ plant$ 9 well made b$s & ! contra/ 9 size & ! ?rift9ess ( roots are s great :5 se51 nev] to be =gott54 ,! se$l+s gr[+ 9 ! h>d gr\nd 7 ! size ( oat k]nels1 ^? 9 ! b$s beside !m ?ree to n9e in*es long & weigh+ f f\r to t5 times z mu* p] root4 ,9 plant+ ! se$ all t is necess>y is to scatt] ! /ratifi$ se$ on top ( ! prep>$ b$ s !y w be "o or two in*es ap>t1 !n cov] ) loose dirt f ! next b$ !n level ) back ( g>d5 rake4 ,!y %\ld be "o-half to "o in* cov]$4 ,sawdu/ or leaves %\ld next be put on "o to two in*es = a top dress+ to pres]ve moi/ure1 regulate heat1 & prev5t ! ra9s f pack+ ! soil4 ,! be/ "t to d all plant+ is 9 ! spr+4 ,?is gives ! mo/ ?rifty plants ) ! lea/ numb] miss+4 ,:5 ! plants are two ye>s old !y mu/ be transplant$ into p]man5t b$s4 ,^! are prep>$ 9 ! same mann] z !y 7 = ! se$4 ,a bo>d six in*es wide is ?r[n across ! b$1 y /ep on ?is & ) a spade ?r[ out a dit* along ! edge ( ! bo>d4 ,9 ?is ! roots are set on a slant ( #de degrees & s ! bud w be f "o to two in*es b5ea? ! surface4 ,! furr[ is !n fill$ & ! bo>d mov$ its wid?4 ,by putt+ ! roots six in*es ap>t 9 ! r[ & us+ a six-in* bo>d y\r plants w be six in*es ea* way1 :i* ) mo/ gr[]s h giv5 be/ results4 ,:5 ! roots h gr[n ?ree ye>s 9 ! transplant$ b$s !y %\ld be ready to dig & dry = m>ket4 ,!y %\ld av]age two ounces ea* at ?is "t if ! soil 0 ri* 9 plant food & prop]ly prep>$ & c>$ =4 ,! plants require consid]able c>e & att5tion ?ru ea* summ]4 ,moles mu/ be caught1 blight & o!r diseases treat$ & ! we$s pull$1 especially f among ! y\ng] plants4 ,z soon z ! plants are up 9 ! spr+ ! se$ buds %\ld be clipp$ f all ! plants except ^? f9e/ & heal?ie/ plants y may save = y\r se$ to ma9ta9 y\r g>d54 ,! clipp+ ( ! se$ buds is v ess5tial1 because we want ! v l>ge/ & be/ flavor$ root 9 ! %orte/ "t = ! m>ket4 ,!n if we gr[ bu%els ( se$ to ! exp5se ( ! root1 x is only a %ort "t :5 _m ?\s&s ( p\nds ( root mu/ compete ) our own = ! m>ket & l[] ! price4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,%ad+ ,,& ,,blight4 ,9 sev]al ye>s exp]i5ce gr[+ ,g9s5g1 says a well kn[n gr[]1 ,i h _h no tr\ble f blight :5 ,i %ade & mul* en\gh to keep ! soil prop]ly cool1 or bel[ #fe degrees1 z y w f9d ! temp]ature 9 ! =e/s1 :]e ! wild plants gr[ be/1 ev5 dur+ summ] days4 ,"s ye>s ago ,i all[$ ! soil to get too w>m1 rea*+ #gj degrees or m4 ,! blight attack$ _m plants !n4 ,?is prov$ to me t gr[+ ! plants "u ! prop] temp]ature has mu* to d ) blight4 ,:5 fungus diseases get ^u wild plants1 t is plants gr[+ 9 ! =e/1 9 mo/ cases x c be trac$ to op5+s1 =e/ fires & ! woodman's ax4 ,?is all[s too mu* sun to /rike ! plants & gr\nd 9 :i* !y are gr[+4 ,if ^? engag$1 or ab\t to engage1 9 ,g9s5g gr[+ w /udy closely ! conditions "u :i* ! wild plants fl\ri% be/1 !y c le>n mu* t !y w only f9d out aft] ye>s ( exp]im5t+4 ,mr4 ,l4 ,e4 ,turn] 9 a rec5t issue ( ,special ,crops says3 ,we _c dep5d on %ade alone to keep ! temp]ature ( ! soil bel[ #fe degrees--! %ade w\ld h to be almo/ total4 ,9 ord] to all[ suffici5t light & yet keep ! temp]ature d[n1 we mu/ cov] ! gr\nd ) a little mul*4 ,! m ?or\ghly ! light is diffus$ ! bett] = ! plants4 ,n[1 :5 we comb9e suffici5t light ) say "o-half in* ( clean mul*1 we are supply+ to ! plants _! natural environm5t1 made m p]fect 9 t x is ev]y:]e alike4 ,! mul* is z ess5tial to ! heal?y gr[? ( ! ,g9s5g plant z clo?+ is to ! com=t & welf>e ( man2 x c ?rive )\t x no m ?an corn w gr[ well ) x4 ,^! are plants ( opposite nature4 ,use ! mul* & r$uce ! %ade to ! prop] d5sity4 ,! mul* is ( ! fir/ importance1 = ! plants w d mu* bett] ) ! mul* & little %ade ?an )\t mul* & ) pl5ty ( %ade4 ,g9s5g is truly & :olly a savage4 ,we c no m tame x ?an we c ! p>tridge4 ,we c lay out a pres]ve & /ock x ) ,g9s5g z we w\ld ) p>tridges1 b :o w\ld /ock a city p>k ) p>tridges & expect !m to rema9 !re8 ,we _c make a prop] ,g9s5g pres]ve "u conditions halfway betwe5 a potato pat* & a wild =e/1 b ?is is exactly ! tr\ble ) a l>ge %>e ( ,g9s5g g>d5s4 ,!y are j a little too mu* l ! potato pat* to be exactly suit$ to ! nature ( ,g9s5g4 ,! plant _c ?rive & rema9 p]fectly heal?y "u ^! conditions2 we may apply emulsions & physic1 b we w f9d x to be j l a p]son ) an und]m9$ con/itution1 x w l+] along = a "t subject to e disease t is 9 ! air & at la/ "s new & m subtle malady w1 9 spite ( our ef=ts1 close its e>?ly c>e]4 ,k9d read]s1 ,i am 9 a position to "k ?or\ghly :]e( ,i write1 = ,i h be5 intimate = _m ye>s ) ! wild plants & ) e %ade ( condition "u :i* !y manage to exi/4 ,i h f\nd !m 9 ! valley & at ! hilltop1 9 ! tall timb] & ! brambl$ sla%+1 b 9 ea* place 7 ! necess>y conditions ( %ade & mul*4 ,! exp]i5c$ ,g9s5g hunt] comes to "k by a k9d ( in/9ct j :]e he w f9d ! plant & he does n wa/e "t se>*+ 9 unpr(itable places4 ,x is because he und]/&s its environm5t4 ,x is ! environm5t he seeks--! ,g9s5g is !n already f\nd4 ,! happy m$ium ( condition "u :i* x ?rives be/ 9 ! wild /ate =m ! process ( heal?y culture4 ,illu/ration3 ,"o ,ye>'s ,gr[? ( ,g9s5g ,"u ,lattice ,%ade4 ,mr4 ,wm ,e4 ,m[r]1 ( ,miss\ri1 is evid5tly n 9 favor ( ! clo? %ad+4 ,i ?9k if he _h ?or\ghly wat]-pro($ ! clo? x w\ld h )/ood ! action ( ! wea!r mu* bett]4 ,x w\ld h admitt$ consid]ably less light & if he _h giv5 en\gh mul* to keep ! soil prop]ly cool & all[$ space en\gh = v5tilation1 he w\ld n h f\nd ! me?od s disa/r\s4 ,we w n lik5 8 trial to ! potato pat*1 b to ! field :]e tobacco is />t$ "u canvas4 ,a t5t is a cool place if x is op5 at ! sides & has op5+s 9 ! top & ! l>g] ! t5t ! cool] x w be4 ,g9s5g does spl5didly "u a t5t if ! t5t is built expressly ) reg>d to ! requirem5ts ( ,g9s5g4 ,9 po9t ( *eapness a v9e %ad+ is yet ahead ( ! clo? sy/em4 ,! wild cucumb] v9e is be/ = ?is purpose1 = x is exactly suit$ by nature to ! conditions 9 a ,g9s5g g>d54 ,x is a native ( moi/1 %ady places1 />ts e>ly1 climbs high & rapidly4 ,! se$s may be plant$ five or six 9 a hill 9 ! middle ( ! b$s1 if pref]r$1 at int]vals ( six or sev5 feet1 & ! v9es may be tra9$ up a small pole to ! arbor frame4 ,wires1 /r+s or b\ghs may be laid ov] ! arbor frame = ! v9es to spread ov]4 ,if ! %ade becomes too d5se "s ( ! v9es may be clipp$ (f & w soon )] away4 ,ano!r advantage ( ! wild cucumb] is t x is v succul5t1 tak+ an abundance ( moi/ure & to a great ext5t gu>ds aga9/ excessive dampness 9 ! g>d54 ,! v9es take almo/ no /r5g? f ! soil4 ,! exce$+ *eapness ( ?is me?od is ! great po9t 9 its favor4 ,x is bett] to plant a few too _m se$s ?an n en\gh1 = x is easy to r$uce ! %ade if too d5se1 b difficult to increase x 9 ! summ] if too light4 99 99 99 ,?is disease ?reat5s s]i\sly to h&icap u 9 ! rais+ ( ,g9s5g1 says a writ] 9 ,special ,crops4 ,x does d[n1 b is giv+ u tr\ble all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,no section seems to be immune f x1 ?o all seem to be spray+ m or less4 ,i "k ( sev]al good gr[]s ^: g>d5s h gone d[n dur+ ! la/ season & ?is1 & !y /ate t !y began e>ly & spray$ late1 b to no decid$ b5efit4 ,:at are we to d8 ,"s claim to h p]fect success ) spray+ z _! suppos$ prev5tion4 ,?ree ye>s ago ,i began to reason on ?is subject & 9 my rambles 9 ! woods1 ,i h wat*$ c>efully = ?is disease1 z well z o!rs on ! wild plant1 & :ile ,i h n[ & !n not$ a wild plant t 0 n entirely heal?y1 ,i h nev] se5 any evid5ce ( blight or o!r real s]i\s disease4 ,! wild plant usually appe>s ideally heal?y1 & :ile !y are small] ?an we gr[ 9 our g>d5s1 !y are g5]ally /rik+ly heal?ful 9 color & g5]al appe>ance4 ,:y is ?is s8 ,& :y d we h su* a rev]se ( ?+s among our g>d5s8 ,i w (f] my ideas on ! subject & give my !ories ( ! causes ( ! v>i\s diseases & believe t !y are correct & "t w prove x4 ,at lea/ ,i hope ^! ef=ts ( m9e w be ! means ( help+ "s :o are hav+ s mu* tr\ble 9 ! cultivation ( ,g9s5g4 ,! old saw t ! pro( ( ! pudd+ is 9 *ew+ ! bag1 may be amply v]ifi$ by a visit to my g>d5s to %[ h[ well my !ories h work$ s f>4 ,i w %[ y ,g9s5g gr[+ 9 its highe/ /ate ( p]fection & n a sc9tilla ( blight or any species ( alt]n>ia 9 ei!r ( !m1 :ile ar\nd me ,i sc>cely "k ( ano!r heal?y g>d54 ,to beg9 )1 moi/ure is our greate/ enemy2 heat next2 ! two comb9$ at ! same "t =m+ ! *ief cause = mo/ diseases ( ! plant4 ,if ! soil 9 our g>d5s c\ld be kept only slightly moi/1 z x is 9 ! woods1 & prop]ly %ad$1 v5tilat$ & mul*$1 ,i am sure su* a ?+ z blight & k9dr$ diseases w\ld nev] be kn[n4 ,! reason = ?is lies 9 ! fact t soil temp]ature is kept l[ & dry4 ,! roots1 z is well kn[n1 g away d[n 9 ! soil1 because ! temp]ature l[] d[n is cool] ?an at ! surface4 ,"h is :]e mul* plays s important a "p because x protects ! roots f s mu* heat t f9ds its way betwe5 ! plants to ! top ( ! b$s4 ,! mul* acts z a blanket 9 keep+ ! heat out & protect+ ! roots !reby4 ,if any "o d\bts ?is1 j try to raise ! plants )\t mul*1 & note h[ "s disease w make its appe>ance4 ,! plant w /& consid]able sun1 h[ev]1 ) heavy en\gh mul*4 ,& ! m sun x c take )\t h>m1 ! bett] ! root gr[? w be4 ,too mu* %ade w %[ 9 a sp9dl+ top & sl5d] leaves1 & inv>iable smallness ( root gr[?1 =1 let x be borne 9 m9d always1 t ! plant mu/ d]ive m or less food f ! top1 & x is "h t ! fungi 9 num]\s =ms proce$ to attack4 ,! plant w n gr[ 9 any o!r atmosph]e b "o sur*>g$ ) all k9ds ( fungi4 ,?is is ! natural environm5t ( ! plant & ! only reason :y ! plants d n all become diseas$ lies 9 ! pla9 fact t its vitality is ( su* a high "* t x c resi/ ! disease1 h5ce ! ma9 ?+ 9 fight+ disease is to obta9 = ! plant ! be/ possible hygi5ic surr\nd+s & fe$ x ) ! be/ possible food & ?us n\ri% x to ! highe/ vitality4 ,i am a firm believ] 9 spray+ ( ! prop] k9d1 b spray+ w n keep a plant free f disease ) o!r important conditions lack+4 ,spray+1 if heavily appli$1 is kn[n z a positive injury to ! plant1 despite ! fact t _m claim x is n1 & ! pity is we %\ld h to resort to x 9 self-def5se4 ,! pores ( ! leaflets are clogg$ up to a great] or less ext5t ) ! deposit$ solution & ! plant is dep5d5t to ?is ext5t ( its p[] to brea!4 ,coat a few plants v heavily ) spray e>ly 9 ! season & keep x on & note h[ ! plants /ruggle ?ru ! middle ( a hot day to get _! brea?4 ,note t !y h a sluggi% appe>ance & are incl9$ to wilt4 ,^! plants are weak5$ to a great ext5t & if an excess ( moi/ure & heat c get to !m1 !y w p]haps die d[n4 ,ano!r ?+3 ,take a plant t is hav+ a h>d "t to get along & di/urb ! root to "s ext5t & 9 a day or two notice spots come ^u x & ! leaves beg9 to %[ a wilt+4 ,vitality di/urb$ aga94 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,heal?y ,look+ ,g9s5g ,g>d54 ,! f9e/ plants ,i h ev] f\nd 9 ! woods 7 gr[+ ab\t old logs & /umps1 :]e ! soil 0 heavily enri*$ ) decay+ wood4 ,a good cool spot1 g5]ally1 & m or less mul*1 & if n too mu* %ade pres5t4 ,:]e ! %ade 0 too d5se ! roots 7 always small4 ,i h 9 "s in/ances f\nd "s v f9e roots gr[+ 9 ! mid/ ( an old /ump ) no o!r soil save ! p>tially rott$ /ump dirt1 %[+ ?us t ,g9s5g likes decay+ wood matt]4 ,^u le>n+ ?is1 ,i obta9$ sev]al loads ( old rott5 sawdu/1 pref]ably :ite oak or hickory & my b$ 9 my g>d5s is cov]$ at lea/ two in*es ) x "u ! leaf mul*4 ,?is acts z a mul* & natural food at "o & ! same "t4 ,! leaves decay next to ! soil & ?us we supply leaf mold4 ,?is leaf mold is a natural requirem5t ( ! plant & fe$s x also con/antly4 ,a few m leaves add$ ea* fall keep up ! process & 9 ?is way we are keep+ ! plant wild1 :i* we mu/ d to succe$ ) x1 = ,g9s5g c n be greatly *ang$ f its nature )\t suff]+ ! consequ5ces4 ,?is is :at is ! matt] n[ ) s _m ( u4 ,let's g back to nature & /ay !re1 & disease w n give u s mu* tr\ble aga94 ,"o m *ief item ,i =got to m5tion 0 ! cr[d+ ( ! plants toge!r4 ,! small] plants get d[n "u ! l>g] & m vigor\s & h a h>d /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,! roots d n make mu* progress "u ^! conditions1 & ^! plants might z well n be left 9 ! b$s4 ,& also note t "u ^? conditions ! b$s are badly v5tilat$ & if any plants are f\nd to be sickly !y w be ^! k9d4 ,i %all plant all my roots h5ce=? at lea/ t5 in*es ap>t ea* way & give !m m room = v5tilation & n\ri%m5t4 ,!y get m *ance to gr[ & w und\bt$ly make firm root developm5t & pay l>gely bett] 9 ! end4 ,corn _c be successfully cultivat$ 9 r[s mu* n>r[] ?an f\r feet ap>t & ab\t two /alks to ! hill4 ,all f>m]s "k if ! hills are clos] & m /alks to ! hill ! yield w be mu* less4 ,at ?is po9t ,i w\ld digress to call att5tion to ! smallness ( root developm5t 9 ! woods1 ei!r wild or cultivat$1 because ! trees & tree roots sap s mu* sub/ance f ! soil & o!r we$s & plants help to d ! same ?+4 ,! %ade is n ( ! "r sort1 too d5se or too sp>se 9 places1 & ! plants d n make quick gr[? en\gh to ju/ify ! gr[+ "u su* conditions1 & :ile suppos$ to be bett] = heal? ( plants1 does n always prove to be ! case4 ,i h se5 "s g>d5s "u =e/ %ade t blight$ z badly z any g>d5s4 ,s _m speak ( remov+ ! leaves & mul* 9 ! spr+ f ! b$s4 ,n[1 ?is is absolutely wrong1 because ! mul* & leaves keep ! gr\nd f becom+ pack$ by ra9s1 pres]ves an ev5 moi/ure ?ru ! dry "p ( ! season & equalizes ! temp]ature4 ,temp]ature is z important z %ade & ! plants w d bett] ) pl5ty ( mul* & leaves on ! b$s & consid]able sun ?an ) no mul*1 dry h>d b$s & ! ideal %ade4 ,roots make b little gr[? 9 dry1 h>d gr\nd4 ,pull y\r we$s out by h& & protect y\r g>d5 f ! s5g digg] ?ru ! summ] & t w be y\r cultivation until ,septemb] or ,octob] :5 y mu/ transplant y\r "y roots into p]man5t b$s1 dig & dry ! mature roots4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,diseases ,,( ,,g9s5g4 ,! foll[+ is f an article on ,! ,alt]n>ia ,blight ( ,g9s5g by ,h4 ,h4 ,:etzel1 ( ,cornell ,univ]sity1 %[+ t ! au?or is famili> ) ! subject3 ,susceptibility ( ,g9s5g to ,disease4 ,! pione] gr[]s ( ,g9s5g ?\ght !y _h /ruck a bonanza4 ,"h 0 a plant t seem$ easily gr[n1 requir$ little att5tion aft] x 0 once plant$1 0 app>5tly free f all diseases to :i* cultivat$ plants are heir & 01 besides1 extremely valuable4 ,_! fir/ few crops bore out ?is supposition4 ,no wond] t a ,g9s5g craze broke out & t m5 sat up nights to figure out on pap] ! va/ =tunes t 7 b\nd to accrue to ^? :o plant$ a few hundr$ se$s at ?ree c5ts ea* & sold ! roots 9 five ye>s at #ab4jj a p\nd4 ,l _m o!r gr[-weal?y-:ile-y-wait s*emes1 nature h]self impos$ a veto4 ,diseases began to appe>4 ,! prospective =tune %runk1 frequ5tly dri$ up & blew away or rott$ & disappe>$ 9 ! e>?4 ,sev]al factors contribut$ to ?is result3 #a4 ,! removal ( a wild plant f its natural habitat to an entirely artificial "o4 #b4 ,! enc\ragem5t by ! application ( manures & cultivation ( a rapidity ( gr[? to :i* ! plant 0 by inh]itance an entire /rang]1 ?us weak5+ its con/itution & depriv+ x ( its natural ability to )/& disease4 ,cultivat$ roots 9 ?ree ye>s f ! se$ atta9 great] size ?an !y (t5 w\ld 9 tw5ty ye>s 9 ! woods4 #c4 ,! failure 9 _m cases to provide conditions 9 any degree approximat+ ! natural habitat1 z1 = example1 ! failure to supply prop] dra9age t is 9 nature provid$ by ! =e/ trees ^: roots con/antly remove ! excess ( ra9fall4 ,illu/ration3 ,diseas$ ,g9s5g ,plants4 #d4 ,! cr[d+ ( a l>ge numb] ( plants into a small area4 ,?is1 9 itself1 is m responsible = disease epidemics ?an p]haps any o!r factor4 ,( all ! twelve or fifte51 n[ m or less kn[n1 diseases ( ?is plant "o 9 p>ticul> /&s out z ! disease ( ,g9s5g4 ,al?o "o ( ! late/ to make its appe>ance1 x has 9 ?ree or f\r ye>s spread to ne>ly e g>d5 9 ?is /ate & its ravages h be5 mo/ sev]e4 ,?is disease is ! well kn[n ,alt]n>ia ,blight4 ,! ,mo/ ,common & ,de/ructive ,disease ( ,g9s5g4 ,! disease manife/s itself 9 su* a v>iety ( ways1 dep5d+ ^u ! p>ts ( ! plant attack$1 t x is difficult to give a description by :i* x may always be id5tifi$4 ,x is usually ! spott+ ( ! foliage t fir/ attracts ! gr[]'s att5tion4 ,if exam9$ e>ly 9 ! morn+ ! diseas$ spots are ( a d>k] gre5 color & wat]y z if scald$4 ,!y dry rapidly1 becom+ pap]y & ( a light br[n color1 def9ite 9 outl9e & v brittle4 ,) ! return ( moi/ conditions at night ! disease spreads f ! m>g9 ( ! spot into ! heal?y tissue4 ,! disease progresses rapidly s t 9 a v few days ! entire leaf succumbs1 wilts & hangs limp f ! /alk4 ,if ! wea!r is wet1 ! progress ( ! disease is (t5 a/oni%+1 an entire g>d5 go+ d[n 9 a day or two4 ,"u su* conditions ! leaves may %[ few or no spots becom+ ?ru\t ( a d>k wat]y gre5 & droop+ z if da%$ ) scald+ wat]4 ,all p>ts ( ! top may be affect$4 ,! disease nev] rea*es ! roots1 affect+ !m only indirectly4 ,cause ( ! ,disease4 ,! disease is ! result ( ! gr[? ( a p>asitic fungus 9 ! tissues ( ! ,g9s5g4 ,?is fungus is an ,alt]n>ia 7species n yet det]m9$7 z is at once evid5t f an exam9ation ( its spores4 ,^! are 9 size & =m mu* l ^? ( ! e>ly ,blight ,alt]n>ia ( ,potato4 ,^! spores fall+ ^u any "p ( ! plant above ! gr\nd w1 if moi/ure be pres5t1 g]m9ate v quickly1 s5d+ out g]m tubes :i* pi]ce ! epid]mis ( ! ho/4 ,^! mycelium ?reads ramify ?ru ! tissues ( ! leaf or /em z ! case may be1 caus+ dea? ( ! cells4 ,f ! mycelium t lies ne> or on ! surface arise clu/]s or %ort br[n /alks or conidiophores on ! apex ( :i* ! spores are borne 9 %ort *a9s4 ,! spores mature quickly & are scatt]$ to heal?y plants1 result+ 9 new infections4 ,only "o =m ( spores1 ! conidial1 is at pres5t kn[n4 ,t ! ,alt]n>ia is a true p>asite & ! cause ( ! disease !re c be no d\bt4 ,! fungus is con/antly associat$ ) ! disease4 ,inoculation exp]im5ts c>ri$ on 9 ! botanical laboratory ?is summ] %[ conclusively t ! g]m tube ( ! spore c p5etrate ! epid]mis ( heal?y ,g9s5g leaves & /ems & by its gr[? 9 su* heal?y tissue cause ! *>act]i/ic spots ( ! disease4 ,?is is ( special int]e/ z x adds ano!r to ! li/ ( p>asitic species ( g5us long suppos$ to conta9 only saprophytes4 ,^u ! g5]al appe>ance ( s de/ructive a disease1 "o ( ! fir/ que/ions ( ! gr[]s 0 :]e did x come f8 ,believ+ t x 0 a natural enemy ( ! wild plant1 n[ gr[n ov] p[]ful "u conditions highly unnatural to ,g9s5g1 ,i und]took to f9d pro( ( my !ory4 ,i visit$ a wood$ hillside :]e wild ,g9s5g 0 /ill kn[n to exi/4 ,aft] half a day's dilig5t se>* ,i obta9$ sev5te5 plants ( diff]5t ages1 "o ( :i* %[$ spots ( ! ,blight4 ,exam9ation ) ! microscope %[$ mycelium & spores ( ! ,alt]n>ia4 ,un=tunately ,i did n get pure cultures ( ! fungus f ?is plant & s c\ld n by cross inoculations demon/rate absolutely ! id5tity ( ! ,alt]n>ia on ! wild plant ) t ( ! cultivat$4 ,s f>1 h[ev]1 z "* ( ! spots on ! leaves1 size & =m ( ! spores are conc]n$1 !y are ! same4 ,?is1 ,i believe1 answ]s ! "q ( ! s\rce ( ! disease4 ,introduc$ into g>d5s on wild plants br\ght f ! woods1 x has spread rapidly "u conditions mo/ favorable to its developm5t2 namely1 ^? po9t$ out 9 ! e>li] "p ( ?is pap]4 ,! w9d1 ,i believe1 is *iefly responsible = ! dissem9ation ( ! spores :i* are v small & light4 ,n only does ! w9d c>ry ! spores f plant to plant ?ru\t ! g>d51 b no d\bt frequ5tly c>ries !m = long] di/ances to g>d5s ne> by4 ,! spores are produc$ mo/ abundantly "u conditions favorable to su* dissem9ation4 ,dur+ moi/1 cl\dy wea!r ! en]gies ( ! fungus are devot$ to vegetative gr[?1 ! spread+ ( ! mycelium 9 ! ho/ tissues4 ,) ! adv5t ( bright sunny days & dry wea!r mycelium gr[? is *eck$ & spore =mation goes on rapidly4 ,^! spores are di/ribut$ :5 dry & reta9 _! vitality = a long p]iod4 ,spores f dri$ specim5s 9 ! laboratory h be5 f\nd to g]m9ate aft] sev]al mon?s :5 plac$ 9 wat]4 ,! disease might also be v readily c>ri$ by spores cl++ to ! roots or se$s1 or possibly ev5 by ! mycelium 9 ! se$s !mselves4 ,! fungus v probably w9t]s 9 ! old leaves & /ems or 9 ! mul*1 liv+ z a saprophyte & produc+ e>ly 9 ! spr+ a crop ( spores f :i* ! fir/ infections occur4 ,summ] ,hi/ory ( ! ,disease4 ,al?o x is on ! foliage t ! disease fir/ attracts ! att5tion ( ! gr[]1 x is n "h t x really makes its fir/ appe>ance 9 ! spr+4 ,! /em is ! fir/ "p ( ! plant to come ?ru ! soil & x is ! /em t is fir/ affect$4 ,! disease beg9s to %[ on ! /ems v %ortly aft] !y are ?ru ! soil1 evid5t fir/ z a ru/y1 yell[ spot usually a %ort di/ance above ! surface ( ! soil or mul*4 ,! spot rapidly increases 9 size1 becomes br[n & f9ally ne>ly black f ! multitude ( spores produc$ on its surface4 ,! tissue ( ! /em at ! po9t ( attack is kill$ & %r9ks1 mak+ a cank] or rott5 /rip up ! side ( ! /em4 ,su* /ems %[ well develop$ leaves & blossom heads giv+ no evid5ce ( ! disease b5ea?4 ,occasionally1 h[ev]1 ! fungus weak5s ! /em s t x breaks ov]4 ,gr[]s h occasionally obs]v$ ?is /em rot b h nev] connect$ x ) ! disease on ! leaves lat] 9 ! season4 ,illu/ration3 ,brok5--,/em ,rot4 ,x is f ! spores produc$ on ^! cank]s on ! /em t ! leaves become infect$4 ,! disease beg9s to appe> on ! leaves "s "t 9 ,july & by ! middle ( ,augu/ !re is usually little foliage alive4 ,infection frequ5tly occurs at ! po9t :]e ! five leaflets are atta*$ to ! common petiole4 ,! %ort leaf /ems are kill$ caus+ ! o!rwise heal?y leaflets to droop & wilt4 ,?is manife/ation ( ! disease has n g5]ally be5 attribut$ to ! ,alt]n>ia4 ,! se$l+s are frequ5tly affect$ 9 ! same way caus+ :at is sometimes kn[n z ! top blight ( se$l+s4 ,f ! diseas$ leaves & /ems ! spores ( ! fungus f9d _! way to ! se$ heads :i* at ?is "t are rapidly fill+ out by ! gr[? ( ! b]ries4 ,! compact se$ heads readily reta9 moi/ure1 furni%+ mo/ favorable conditions = ! g]m9ation ( any spores t f9d _! way into ! c5t] ( ! head4 ,t ?is is ! usual c\rse ( se$ head infection is %[n by ! fact t x is ! base ( ! b]ry on :i* ! spots />t4 ,^! spots1 ( a ru/y yell[ color1 gradually spread all ov] ! se$ :i* f9ally becomes %rivel$ & ( a d>k br[n or black color4 ,spores 9 abundance are =m$ on ! diseas$ b]ries4 ,affect$ b]ries %ell f ! head at ! slighte/ t\*4 ,?is manife/ation ( ! disease has long be5 kn[n z se$ bla/4 ,if ! b]ries h begun to color ! injury f ! disease w probably be v slight4 ,! bla/+ ( ! gre5 b]ries1 h[ev]1 w und\bt$ly r$uce or de/roy ! vitality ( ! se$4 ,!re is a /rong probability t ! fungus may be c>ri$ ov] 9 or on ! se$4 ,illu/ration3 ,end ,root ,rot ( ,se$l+s4 ,! roots are only indirectly affect$ by ?is disease4 ,! fungus nev] p5etrates to !m4 ,roots f diseas$ tops w gr[ p]fectly normal & heal?y plants ! foll[+ season4 ,x is 9 ! leaves ( ! plant t practically all ( ! sub/ance ( ! root is made4 ,! bulk ( ?is sub/ance is />*4 ,! de/ruction ( ! foliage1 ! manufactur+ "p ( ! plant1 long be=e x w\ld normally die means ( c\rse "s r$uction 9 ! gr[? & />* cont5t ( ! root4 ,h[ev]1 x seems probable t ! great] portion ( root gr[? is made be=e ! blight attacks ! foliage4 ,?is seems borne out by ! fact t ev5 blight$ se$l+s usually %[ ne>ly z good gr[? & bud developm5t z ^? n blight$4 ,9 ! case ( old] plants ?is is probably mu* m true z ! latt] "p ( ! season is devot$ l>gely to gr[+ & matur+ ! b]ries4 ,! ,alt]n>ia blight is dread$ *iefly because ( its de/ructive effects on ! se$ crop4 ,prev5tive4 ,! fir/ exp]im5tal "w on ! control ( ?is disease s f> z ,i "k1 0 c>ri$ out by ,dr4 ,i4 ,c4 ,curtis ( ,fulton1 ,n4 ,y4 ,hav+ suff]$ ! total loss ( foliage & se$ crop dur+ ! season ( #aijd1 ,dr4 ,curtis det]m9$ to te/ ! efficacy ( ! ,bordeaux mixture ! foll[+ season z a prev5tive ( ! blight4 ,! success ( 8 "w1 toge!r ) ?is me?od ( mak+ & apply+ ! mixture is giv5 by him 9 ,special ,crops = ,janu>y1 #aijf4 ,ext5sive exp]im5ts 9 spray+ 7 c>ri$ out dur+ ! pa/ season by ! ,g9s5g ,company at ,rose ,hill1 ,n4 ,y41 "u ! direction ( ! writ]4 ,dur+ #aije _! entire se$ crop 0 completely de/roy$ by ! blight4 ,losses f ! same disease ! previ\s season _h be5 v heavy4 ,dur+ #aije !y _h succe$$ 9 sav+ a v l>ge proportion ( _! se$l+s by spray+ !m ) ! ,bordeaux mixture4 ,enc\rag$ by ?is !y began spray+ e>ly 9 ! spr+ ( #aijf1 j :5 ! plant began to come ?ru ! gr\nd4 ,?is 0 repeat$ ne>ly e week dur+ ! season1 ! entire t5 acres be+ spray$ ea* "t4 ,on acc\nt ( poor equipm5t ! e>li] spray+s 7 n z ?or\ghly done z !y %\ld h be51 & "s disease appe>$ on ! /alks "h & !re ?ru\t ! g>d5s4 ,a new pump & nozzles 7 soon in/all$ & all p>ts ( ! plant completely cov]$4 ,practically no blight ev] appe>$ on ! foliage4 ,!re 0 "s loss f bla/ ( se$ heads due to a failure to spray ! se$ heads ?or\ghly :ile !y 7 fill+ out4 ,! se$ heads ,7 d\btless infect$ f ! diseas$ /alks t _h n be5 remov$ f ! g>d54 ,a v l>ge se$ crop 0 h>ve/$4 ,! =mula ( ! ,bordeaux us$ at ,rose ,hill 0 ab\t #d-f-dj1 to ea* "o hundr$ gallons ( :i* 0 add$ a /ick] made z foll[s3 ,two p\nds res94 ,"o p\nd sal soda 7,cry/als74 ,"o gallon wat]4 ,boil$ toge!r 9 an iron kettle until ( a cle> br[n color4 ,x is probable t m applications ( ,bordeaux 7 giv5 ?an 0 necess>y1 especially dur+ ! middle "p ( ! season :5 little new gr[? 0 be+ made4 ,f ^! exp]im5ts x is evid5t t ! problem ( ! control ( ! ,alt]n>ia ,blight ( ,g9s5g has be5 solv$4 ,?or\gh spray+ ) ,bordeaux mixture begun :5 ! plants fir/ come ?ru ! gr\nd & repeat$ (t5 en\gh to keep all new gr[?s cov]$1 w insure immunity f ! blight4 ,?or\ghness is ! *ief factor 9 ! success ( ?is treatm5t4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 useless to beg9 spray+ aft] ! disease has begun to appe> on ! foliage4 99 99 99 ,to ! ,presid5t & ,memb]s ( ! ,miss\ri ,/ate ,g9s5g ,gr[]s' ,association4 ,g5tlem5--,9 response to a reque/ f y\r secret>y1 ,i 0 s5t e>ly 9 ,augu/ to inve/igate y\r ,g9s5g g>d5s1 &1 if possible1 to give "s help 9 *eck+ a de/ructive disease :i* _h rec5tly appe>$ & _h 9 a %ort "t ru9$ mu* ( ! crop4 ,?ru ! aid ( "s ( y\r association1 at ! "t ( my visit to ,h\/on1 & s9ce t "t1 ,i h be5 furni%$ ) valuable data & specim5s ( diseas$ plants4 ,! summ] ( #aijd 0 m>k$ by a v abundant ra9fall4 ,! %ade ( ! arbors kept ! soil b5ea? !m moi/1 if n wet1 = sev]al weeks at a "t4 ,?is moi/ soil1 ri* 9 humus & o!r organic sub/ances1 =m$ an exce$+ly favorable place = ! gr[? ( fungi4 ,g>d5s "u d5se %ade ) poor dra9age1 suff]$ ! greate/ loss4 ,all ages ( plants 7 attack$ & seem$ to suff] alike1 if ! conditions 7 favorable = ! gr[? ( fungi4 ,symptoms ( ,disease & ,nature ( ! ,injury4 ,betwe5 ! fir/ & ! fifte5? ( ,may black spots hav+ ! appe>ance ( sc>s appe>$ on ! /ems ( ! ,g9s5g plants4 ,all ages ( plants 7 attack$4 ,! sc>s increas$ 9 numb] & grew 9 size1 sometimes encircl+ ! /em4 ,! fir/ indication ( injury 0 se5 :5 "o leaflet aft] ano!r turn$ br[n2 f !m ! disease spread d[n ! petiole to ! ma9 /alk4 ,o!r /alks 7 attack$ s badly t !y broke (f & fell ov] be=e ! upp] portions _h ev5 become )]$4 ,aft] ! loss ( ! top f ?is disease ! cr[n ( ! root 0 liable to be attack$ by fungi or bact]ia1 caus+ decay4 ,i f\nd little ( ?is 9 ! g>d5s at ,h\/on4 ,! greate/ loss caus$ by ?is disease lies 9 ! de/ruction ( ! se$ crop4 ,i h succe$$ 9 isolat+ & /udy+ ! fungus :i* causes ?is disease4 ,! fungus belongs to ! g5us ,v]micul>ia & occurs on a numb] ( our common h]bace\s plants4 ,i f\nd x ne> ,columbia ?is autumn on ! ,indian turnip4 ,! fungus lives b5ea? ! epid]mis ( ! ,g9s5g plant2 break+ ! epid]mis to =m ! black sc>s 9 :i* ! spores1 or reproductive bodies1 are produc$4 ,! spores :5 ripe are capable ( g]m9at+ & infect+ o!r plants4 ,treatm5t4 ,=tunately ?is disease c be effectually *eck$ by ! use ( ,bordeaux spray+ mixture4 ,damp+-(f ,disease4 ,ano!r s\rce ( loss 0 9 ! damp+-(f ( "y plants4 ,! fungus :i* causes ?is disease lives 9 ! surface lay] ( ! soil & girdles ! plants at ! surface lay] ( ! gr\nd1 caus+ !m to wilt & fall ov]4 ,! tr\ble c be l>gely avoid$ by prop] dra9age & /irr+ ! surface lay]1 ?us a]at+ & dry+ ! soil4 ,! ,wilt ,disease4 ,by f> ! mo/ de/ructive & dang]\s disease rema9s to be describ$4 ,x made its appe>ance ab\t ! fir/ week 9 ,july1 caus+ ! leaves to turn yell[ & dry up2 ! se$ /em & b]ries also dri$ up & di$ be=e rea*+ maturity4 ,?is 0 ! disease :i* caus$ ! greate/ loss2 :ole plantations (t5 be+ de/roy$ 9 a week4 ,nei!r ! ,bordeaux spray+ mixture nor lime du/ seem$ to *eck its ravages4 ,i h succe$$ 9 isolat+ ! fungus :i* is ! cause ( ?is de/ructive disease & h gr[n x 9 ! laboratory 9 pure cultures = ne>ly five mon?s4 ,cultures 7 made by scrap+ ! d>k spots on diseas$ /ems ) a /]ile ne$le & inoculat+ /]iliz$ bean pods or plugs ( potato ) ! spores scrap$ f ! /em4 ,9 two or ?ree days a :ite1 fluffy gr[? appe>s on ! bean pod :i* rapidly spreads until x is cov]$ ) a gr[? :i* resembles a luxuriant m\ld4 ,i h also isolat$ ?is fungus & made cultures f ! soil tak5 f diseas$ b$s4 ,! fungus belongs to ! g5us ,fus>ium & is probably id5tical ) ! fungus :i* is s de/ructive 9 caus+ ! wilt ( cotton1 wat]melon & c[peas1 & :i* has be5 c>efully /udi$ by ,smi? & ,orton ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,treatm5t4 ,x w be se5 f ?is brief description ( ! fungus t x is an exce$+ly difficult disease to combat4 ,liv+ f ye> to ye> 9 ! soil x ent]s ! plants ?ru ! roots & spreads upw>d ?ru ! wat]-conduct+ *annels4 ,x does n once appe> on ! surface until ! plant is beyond recov]y4 ,obvi\sly we _c apply any sub/ance to kill ! fungus )\t fir/ kill+ ! plant x infe/s4 ,!re is b "o conclusion to be drawn1 viz43 ,t application ( fungicides w n prev5t ! wilt disease4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 two me?ods ( proc$ure 9 combat+ ! disease3 ,fir/1 ! use ( precautions aga9/ all[+ ! fungus to get />t$2 second1 ! selection & bre$+ ( v>ieties :i* w )/& ! disease4 ,f ! v fir/ ! arbor %\ld be kept free f all possible infection by ! wilt fungus4 ,g>d5s %\ld be small & locat$ "s little di/ance ap>t1 !n if "o becomes infect$ ) ! disease x c be tak5 up be=e ! disease infe/s a l>g] t]ritory4 ,if ! roots h rea*$ m]*antable size !y _h be/ be dri$ & sold1 s9ce !y are likely to c>ry ! disease :5 transplant$4 ,if !y are transplant$ !y %\ld be c>efully clean$ & reset )\t bruis+4 ,prop] dra9age is v necess>y = a successful ,g9s5g g>d54 ,x is advisable to locate ! g>d5 on a g5tle slope if possible4 ,9 all cases ! gr\nd %\ld be well dra9$4 ,! belief ( _m t ! dea? ( ! ,g9s5g 0 due to ! wet season 0 )\t f\ndation1 because ! fungus develops be/ 9 soil :i* is cont9ually moi/ & %ady4 ,?is also acc\nts = ! well-kn[n fact t all rots1 mildews & ru/s are worse 9 a ra9y season ?an 9 a dry "o4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,beg9n+ ( ,s(t ,rot4 ,ample v5tilation mu/ also be provid$ 9 build+ ! arbor4 ,_m arbors are enclos$ at ! sides too tightly4 ,! mat]ial us$ = mul*+ %\ld be ( a sort :i* w n contam9ate ! g>d5 ) disease4 ,"s fungi w be kill$ if ! gr\nd is all[$ to freeze be=e putt+ on ! mul*4 ,! second &1 to my m9d1 mo/ promis+ mode ( proc$ure lies 9 propagat+ a v>iety ( ,g9s5g :i* w be resi/ant to ! wilt disease4 ,9 e g>d51 no matt] h[ badly diseas$1 !re are c]ta9 plants :i* live ?ru ! attacks ( ! disease & rip5 se$s4 ,^! se$s %\ld be sav$ & plant$ sep>ately1 ! h>die/ ( _! (fspr+ %\ld be us$ to propagate se$s = future plant+4 ,by ?us select+ ! h>die/ individuals ye> aft] ye> x w be possible 9 "t to orig9ate a v>iety ( p>asitic fungi4 ,!re seems to me to be m hope 9 develop+ su* a resi/ant v>iety ( ,g9s5g ?an 9 discov]+ "s fungicide to keep ! disease 9 *eck4 ,bordeaux ,mixture4 ,x is surpris+ t any consid]able numb] ( f>m]s1 horticulturi/s1 ,g9s5g gr[]s1 etc41 are ignorant ( a prep>ation s necess>y z ,bordeaux = pr(itable cultivation ( _m crops4 ,! foll[+ is tak5 f ,bullet9 #aid ( ! ,new ,j]sey ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ,! advice giv5 9 ?is pap] rec5tly by ,pr(essor ,craig is repeat$ & emphasiz$4 ,e f>m] %\ld h ! bullet9s issu$ by ! exp]im5t /ation ( 8 own /ate & h !m )9 easy rea* at all times4 ,bordeaux mixture d]ives its "n f ! place ( its discov]y1 ,bordeaux1 ,france4 ,x consi/s ( copp] sulfate1 :i* is commonly call$ blue vitriol or blue/one1 fre% lime & wat]4 ,=mulas us$--,sev]al /r5g?s ( ! mixture are us$ "u diff]5t conditions3 #a4 7#b3d3ej7 ,copp] ,sulfate #b lbs4 ,quick ,lime #d ,wat] #ej gals4 #b4 7#c3f3ej7 ,copp] ,sulfate #c lbs4 ,quick ,lime #f ,wat] #ej gals4 #c4 7#d3d3ej7 ,copp] ,sulfate #d lbs4 ,quick ,lime #d ,wat] #ej gals4 #d4 7#f3f3ej7 ,copp] ,sulfate #f lbs4 ,quick ,lime #f ,wat] #ej gals4 ,=mula #a is us$ = v t5d] foliage1 z pea*1 plum1 gre5h\se plants1 t5d] se$l+s1 etc4 ,=mula #b :i* is a half /rong] ?an ! prec$+ has ab\t ! same use b = slightly less t5d] leaves4 ,=mula #c is ! =mula = g5]al use on apples1 pe>s1 asp>agus1 grapes1 tomatoes1 melons1 /rawb]ries1 etc4 ,=mula #d is ! /ronge/ =mula t is (t5 us$4 ,x is consid]$ be/ = potatoes & cranb]ries4 ,x may be us$ on grapes1 on apples & pe>s be=e blossom+ & sometimes on o!r crops4 ,x 0 once m commonly us$1 b1 except z "h quot$1 x is g5]ally be+ displac$ by ,=mula #c4 99 99 99 ,normal or #a4f p] c5t4 ,bordeaux mixture3 ,copp]-sulfate 7,blue ,vitriol7 #f p\nds ,quick-lime 7,good /one lime7 #d ,wat] #ej gallons ,six p\nds ( sulfate ( copp] dissolv$ 9 fifty gallons ( wat]1 :5 appli$ at ! prop] "t1 w prev5t ! gr[? ( fungi4 ,h[ev]1 if appli$ 9 ?is =m1 ! solution w burn ! foliage4 ,f\r p\nds ( quick-lime to six p\nds ( copp] w neutralize ! cau/ic action4 ,:5 sulfate ( copp] & lime are add$ 9 ?is proportion1 ! comp\nd is ,bordeaux mixture4 ,weigh+ ( copp] & lime at "t ( mix+ is v inconv5i5t4 ,bordeaux mixture is be/ :5 us$ )9 a few h\rs aft] be+ mix$4 ,!re=e a /ock mixture ( ,bordeaux is impracticable4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 practicable to h /ock prep>ation ( sulfate ( copp] & ( lime ready = mix+ :5 requir$4 ,! lime %\ld be fre% quick-lime & :5 slak$ mu/ always be cov]$ ) wat] to exclude ! air4 ,9 ?is mann] a /ock mixture ( lime c be kept all summ] unimpair$4 ,sulfate ( copp] c be dissolv$ 9 wat] & held 9 solution until ne$$4 ,"o gallon ( wat] w hold 9 solution two p\nds ( copp] sulfate4 ,to accompli% ?is ! sulfate %\ld be susp5d$ at ! surface ( ! wat] 9 a bag4 ,! wat] mo/ load$ ) copp] w s9k to ! bottom & ! wat] lea/ load$ w rise to ! surface4 ,if fifty p\nds ( sulfate are susp5d$ 9 tw5ty-five gallons ( wat] on an ev5+1 ea* gallon ( wat] w1 :5 /irr$ ! next morn+1 hold two p\nds ( sulfate4 ,?is w =m ! /ock solution ( copp] sulfate4 ,if ?ree gallons ( ?is solution are put 9 ! spray b>rel1 x is equival5t to six p\nds ( copp]4 ,n[ fill ! spray b>rel half full ( wat] be=e add+ any lime4 ,?is is important = if ! lime is add$ to s /rong a solution ( sulfate ( copp]1 a curdl+ process w foll[4 ,/ir ! wat] 9 ! lime b>rel s z to make a dilute milk ( lime1 b nev] all[ x to be d5se en\gh to be ( a creamy ?ickness4 ,if ( ! latt] condition1 lumps ( lime w clog ! spray nozzle4 ,cont9ue to add to ! mixture ?is milk ( lime s long z drops ( f]rocyanide ( potassium 7yell[ prussiate ( pota%7 appli$ to ! ,bordeaux mixture cont9ue to *ange f yell[ to br[n color4 ,:5 no *ange ( color is %[n1 add ano!r pail ( milk ( lime to make ! necess>y am\nt ( lime a sure ?+4 ,a consid]able excess ( lime does no h>m4 ,! b>rel c n[ be fill$ ) wat] & ! ,bordeaux mixture is ready = use4 ,! prep>ation ( f]rocyanide ( potassium = ?is te/ may be expla9$4 ,z b\ght at ! drug /ore1 x is a yell[ cry/al & is easily soluble 9 wat]4 ,t5 c5ts wor? w d = a season's spray+ ( an av]age or*>d4 ,x %\ld be a full saturation2 t is1 use only en\gh wat] to dissolve all ! cry/als4 ,! cork %\ld be not*$ or a quill ins]t$ s t ! cont5ts w come out 9 drops4 ,a drop w give z reliable a te/ z a spoonful4 ,! bottle %\ld be m>k$ ,poison4 ,dip out a little ( ! ,bordeaux mixture 9 a cup or sauc] & drop ! f]rocyanide on x4 ,s long z ! drops turn yell[ or br[n on /rik+ ! mixture1 ! mixture has n receiv$ en\gh lime4 ,process ,lime = ,bordeaux ,mixture4 ,! s-call$ new process1 or prep>$ limes1 n[ (f]$ on ! m>ket1 are ( two classes4 ,"o consi/s ( ! quick-lime t has be5 gr\nd to a p[d]4 ,! o!r is ! dry wat]-slak$ lime made by us+ only en\gh wat] to slake ! quick-lime1 b n en\gh to leave x wet4 ,practically all ( ! process lime on ! m>ket is ! gr\nd quick-lime4 ,:5 ! h>d /one lime becomes air-slak$ x is evid5t to ! eye f ! *ange to a loose p[d]y mass4 ,%\ld "o ( ^! prep>$ limes be to any consid]able degree air-slak$1 its appe>ance w\ld be no indication ( its real condition4 ,a simple te/ = ! pres5ce ( mu* c>bonate ( lime 9 ^! prep>$ limes1 c be easily p]=m$1 a small am\nt ( lime--#a_/d teaspoonful--dropp$ on a little hot v9eg>1 w eff]vesce or sizzle if x conta9 ! c>bonate ( lime1 act+ ab\t ! same z soda4 ,a sample ( a new process lime analyz$ at ?is ,/ation %[$ #cj p] c5t1 magnesia4 ,?is came f burn+ a dolomitic lime/one1 t is1 "o conta9+ c>bonate ( magnesia ) ! c>bonate ( lime4 ,! magnesia does n slake ) wat] l ! lime & h5ce is useless 9 ! ,bordeaux mixture4 ,!re is no easy way outside a *emical laboratory ( tell+ ! pres5ce ( magnesia4 ,z a g5]al rule m process lime is requir$ to neutralize ! copp] sulfate ?an good /one lime4 ,x is always well to make ,bordeaux mixture by us+ ! f]rocyanide ( potassium te/--,cornell ,univ]sity4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,m>ket+ ,,& ,,prices4 ,prep>+ ,dry ,root = ,m>ket--,!re are m gr[]s ( ,g9s5g1 ,i believe1 accord+ to ,special ,crops1 :o are n fully po/$ on h&l+ ,g9s5g root aft] x is h>ve/$ ?an !re are :o fail at any po9t 9 gr[+ x1 unless x may be 9 ! matt] ( spray+4 ,!re are /ill _m gr[]s :o h nev] dri$ any roots1 & ( c\rse "k no?+ m ?an has be5 told !m4 ,/anton1 ,crossley & o!rs ( ! pione]s /ate freely 9 _! writ+s t ?ree p\nds ( gre5 root 7fall dug7 w\ld make "o p\nd ( dry4 ,! m>ket does n want a light1 corky1 spongy root1 nei!r does x want a root t1 :5 dri$1 w weigh l a /one4 ,root :5 (f]$ to a deal] %\ld be absolutely dry1 n ev5 any moi/ure 9 ! c5t] ( ! root4 ,root t is absolutely dry w1 9 w>m1 damp wea!r1 collect moi/ure en\gh s x w h to be giv5 a day's sun ba? or subject$ to artificial heat4 ,a root %\ld be s dry t x w n b5d4 ,a root ! size ( a lead p5cil %\ld break %ort l a piece ( glass4 ,y ask :y ?is special c>e to h ,g9s5g root dry to ! la/ p>ticle ( moi/ure m ?an any o!r root4 ,! answ] is t ,g9s5g has to cross ! ocean & to insure aga9/ its gett+ mu/y :5 seal$ up to keep x f ! air1 x mu/ be p]fectly dry4 ,we "k a great _m gr[]s h felt hurt because a deal] dock$ !m = moi/ure1 b !y %\ld put !mselves 9 ! deal]'s place4 ,:5 he disposes ( ! root x mu/ be p]fectly dry4 ,at f #e4jj to #aj4jj p] p\nd moi/ure is r exp5sive4 ,! gr[] %\ld see to x t 8 root is dry & !n in/ruct ! man he %ips to t y w /& no cutt+4 ,illu/ration3 ,dug & ,dri$--,ready = ,m>ket4 ,"o o!r cause ( tr\ble betwe5 gr[] & deal] is fib] root4 ,?is light1 f9e /uff is almo/ univ]sally b\ght & sold at #a4jj p] p\nd4 ,?is seems to be ! only /ation>y ?+ ab\t ,g9s5g4 ,x w\ld seem t ! f9e root c\ld be us$ 9 ?is c\ntry = ,g9s5g t9cture1 b x is n s /rong z ! regul> root1 & our *emi/s pref] ! l>ge cultivat$ root at #e4jj to #g4jj a p\nd4 ,n[1 :5 y\r ,g9s5g root is dry z a bone1 /ir x ar\nd or h&le x ov] two or ?ree times1 & 9 do+ s y w knock (f all ! little1 f9e roots4 ,?is is :at goes 9 ! m>ket z fib] root & %\ld be ga!r$ & put 9 a sep>ate package4 ,z ,i said be=e ?is fib] root is wor? #a4jj p] p\nd & usually passes "r along ye> aft] ye> at t same price4 ,n[ z to color4 ,x is impossible to tell j n[ :at color ! m>ket w dem&4 ,we advise m$ium4 ,we d n ?9k ! extreme d>k w be z mu* s\ght = z =m]ly2 nei!r d we ?9k ! sn[ :ite w be 9 dem&4 ,n[1 y c give y\r ,g9s5g any color y desire4 ,if y want to dry x :ite1 wa% x ?or\ghly z soon z y dig x4 ,?is does n mean two or ?ree h\rs aft] be+ dug1 b wa% x at once4 ,if y want a v d>k root1 dig x & spread on "s floor & leave x z long z y c )\t ! fib] roots break+4 ,?is w usually be f ?ree to five days4 ,9 wa%+ we pref] to put x on ! floor & turn a hose on x1 & if y h a good pressure y w n ne$ to t\* ! root ) ! h&s4 ,9 any case d n scrub & sc\r ! root4 ,j get ! dirt (f & /op4 ,ab\t "o day aft] digg+ ! root %\ld be wa%$ if a m$ium color$ root is desir$4 ,aft] y\r root is wa%$ ready to dry !re is /ill a half doz5 ways ( dry+4 ,_m pref] an upp] room 9 ! h\se = small lots4 ,spread ! root on a table or b5* ab\t z high z ! w9d[ /ool4 ,!n give x lots ( air4 ,ano!r good me?od is to subject x to a mod]ate artificial heat--f #fj to #ij degrees4 ,we h se5 "s v nice samples ( dry root :]e ! dry+ 0 all done on ! ro( ( "s build+1 :]e x 0 expos$ to ! sun & dew1 b 0 protect$ f ra94 ,! sl[] ! dry+ ! d>k] ! root4 ,_m suppose x is a difficult task to prop]ly dry ! ,g9s5g root1 b x is n4 ,! "o ess5tial is "t4 ,! op]ation _c be fully & prop]ly complet$ 9 mu* less ?an "o mon?'s "t4 ,( c\rse x %\ld be dri$ fa/ en\gh s x w n s\r1 rot or m\ld4 ,if y take a look at ! root e day y c readily see if x is go+ too sl[ &1 if y f9d x is1 at once use artificial heat = a few h\rs or days if ne$ be4 ,no diseas$ or uns\nd root %\ld ev] be dri$4 ,aft] ! root is once dry x %\ld be /or$ 9 dry place4 ,e>ly fall g5]ally is a poor "t to sell z ! ,*9ese export]s usually cr[d ! price d[n at t "t4 ,9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates artificial heat is seldom ne$$ z ! wea!r is usually w>m en\gh to cure ! roots ab\t z !y %\ld be4 ,9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 su* z ,m9nesota1 ,wiscons91 ,mi*igan1 ,new ,york & ,new ,engl& ,/ates1 cold & fro/y nights & *illy days usually come 9 ,octob]1 & sometimes 9 ,septemb]1 s t artificial heat is g5]ally requir$ to prop]ly dry fall dug roots4 ,! /ati/ics z publi%$ 7 compil$ by ,belt1 ,butl] ,co41 buy]s ( ,g9s5g1 #adj ,gre5e ,/41 ,new ,york3 ,av]age prices = wild ,g9s5g1 ,sept4 #a/1 #ahhf1 #a4ij ,av]age prices = wild ,g9s5g1 ,sept4 #a/1 #ahhg1 #b4aj ,av]age prices = wild ,g9s5g1 ,sept4 #a/1 #ahhh1 #b4cj ,av]age prices = wild ,g9s5g1 ,sept4 #a/1 #ahhi1 #b4he ,av]age prices = wild ,g9s5g1 ,sept4 #a/1 #ahij1 #c4dj ,av]age prices = wild ,g9s5g1 ,sept4 #a/1 #ahia1 #c4dj ,av]age prices = wild ,g9s5g1 ,sept4 #a/1 #ahib1 #c4jj ,av]age prices = wild ,g9s5g1 ,sept4 #a/1 #ahic1 #c4jj ,av]age prices = wild ,g9s5g1 ,sept4 #a/1 #ahid1 #c4ej ,av]age prices = wild ,g9s5g1 ,sept4 #a/1 #ahie1 #c4be ,av]age prices = wild ,g9s5g1 ,sept4 #a/1 #ahif1 #d4aj ,av]age prices = wild ,g9s5g1 ,sept4 #a/1 #ahig1 #c4be ,av]age prices = wild ,g9s5g1 ,sept4 #a/1 #ahih1 #d4jj ,av]age prices = wild ,g9s5g1 ,sept4 #a/1 #ahii1 #f4jj ,av]age prices = wild ,g9s5g1 ,sept4 #a/1 #aijj1 #e4jj ,av]age prices = wild ,g9s5g1 ,sept4 #a/1 #aija1 #e4ej ,av]age prices = wild ,g9s5g1 ,sept4 #a/1 #aijb1 #e4aj ,av]age prices = wild ,g9s5g1 ,sept4 #a/1 #aijc1 #f4bj ,av]age prices = wild ,g9s5g1 ,sept4 #a/1 #aijd1 #g4dj ,av]age prices = wild ,g9s5g1 ,sept4 #a/1 #aije1 #g4jj ,av]age prices = wild ,g9s5g1 ,sept4 #a/1 #aijf1 #g4jj ,av]age prices = wild ,g9s5g1 ,sept4 #a/1 #aijg1 #g4jj ,! prices z publi%$1 x w be notic$1 7 av]age prices paid = wild ,g9s5g ,septemb] #a ( ea* ye>4 ,wild ,g9s5g has usually sold high] 9 ! season1 say ,octob] & ,novemb]4 ,late 9 ! season ( #aijd x sold = #h4ej = good ,nor!rn root1 :i* we believe 0 ! top not* = av]age lots4 ,f #ahfj to #ahfe1 ,g9s5g rang$ f #ff;c to #he;c p] lb41 & f t p]iod until #ahii x gradually increas$ 9 price until 9 ,septemb] ( t ye> x br\ght f #c4ej to #f4ej p] lb41 accord+ to price & quality4 ,9 #aijj prices rul$ f #c4jj to #e4ge p] lb41 b ?is 0 due to ! w> !n exi/+ 9 ,*9a :i* completely demoraliz$ ! m>ket4 ,9 #aija prices rang$ f #c4ge to #g4be #aijb prices rang$ f #c4ej to #f4be #aijc prices rang$ f #d4ge to #g4ej #aijd prices rang$ f #e4ej to #h4jj #aije prices rang$ f #e4ej to #g4ej #aijf prices rang$ f #e4ge to #g4ej #aijg prices rang$ f #e4ge to #g4be ,^! prices cov] ! range f ,s\!rn to be/ ,nor!rn root4 ,! above in=mation 0 furni%$ f ! files ( ,samuel ,wells ,co41 ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio1 ! firm :i* has be5 9 ! s5g bus9ess = m ?an half a c5tury4 99 99 99 ,u4 ,s4 ,,gov]nm5t ,,reports4 ,ye> ,p\nds ,av]age price export$4 p] lb4 #aheh #cff1jee 4#eb #ahfh #cgj1jff #a4jb #ahgh #dba1cie #a4ag #ahhh #cjh1cfe #b4ac #ahih #agd1jfc #c4ff #aija #adi1jfi #e4cj 99 99 99 ,export ( ,g9s5g = t5 mon?s end+ ,april1 #aijh1 0 #add1ecc p\nds1 valu$ at #a1jdi1gcf1 aga9/ #ib1fej1 valu$ at #fcd1ebc1 = t5 mon?s end+ ,april1 #aijg1 & #aea1ahh p\nds1 valu$ at #a1ajf1edd = t5 mon?s end+ ,april1 #aijf4 ,s9ce #aheh ,g9s5g has advanc$ f #eb c5ts a p\nd to #h4jj 9 #aijg = *oice lots1 an advance ( #adjj4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #ahca1 ,g9s5g 0 quot$ to ! collector at #ae to #af c5ts p] p\nd4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 practically all ! ,g9s5g gr[n or collect$ f ! woods 9 ?is c\ntry is export$1 ne>ly all ( x go+ to ,*9a1 :]e x is us$ = m$ic9al purposes4 ,! foll[+ figures are tak5 f ! advanc$ %eets ( ! ,mon?ly ,summ>y ( ,comm]ce & ,f9ance issu$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce & ,labor4 ,9 ! advanc$ %eets = ,june1 #aijf1 we f9d "u exports ( ,dome/ic ,m]*&ise ! foll[+ item3 ,twelve ,mon?s ,end+ ,june4 ,g9s5g lbs4 #aijd #aca1hhb #hea1hbj #aije #adf1ehf #a1jfi1hdi #aijf #afj1iei #a1age1hdd ,f ^! figures x is cle> t ! ,g9s5g crop is ( consid]able proportions & /eadily increas+4 ,x is class$ ) *emicals1 drugs1 dyes & m$ic9es & is 9 its class equal$ or exce$$ 9 value by only ?ree ?+s3 copp] sulphate1 acetate ( lime & pat5t m$ic9es4 ,^! figures include1 ( c\rse1 bo? ! wild & cultivat$ root4 ,a little inve/igation1 h[ev]1 w soon conv9ce any "o t ! g5u9e wild root has =m$ b a small portion ( t export$ 9 ! la/ ?ree ye>s4 ,?is is = ! v good reason t !re is practically no wild root to be f\nd4 ,x has be5 all b ext]m9at$ by ! s5g digg]1 :o has c>efully se>*$ e wood$ hillside & rav9e to meet ! dem& ( ! la/ few ye>s = gre5 roots = plant+4 ,practically all ( ! ,g9s5g n[ export$ w ( necessity be cultivat$4 ,( all ! ,g9s5g export$ f ?is c\ntry1 ,new ,york ,/ate v probably supplies ! great] "p4 ,x 0 9 t /ate t ! cultivation ( ! plant orig9at$ & x is !re t ! culture has become mo/ ext5sive & p]fect$4 ,! l>ge/ g>d5 9 ?is c\ntry1 s f> z kn[n1 is t ( ! ,consolidat$ ,g9s5g ,company ( ,new ,york ,/ate4 ,"h ab\t t5 acres are "u %ade1 all devot$ to ! gr[+ ( ,g9s5g4 ,! crop is c]ta9ly a special "o1 to be successfully gr[n only by ^? :o c br+ to _! "w an abundance ( "t & intellig5t ef=t4 ,= ^? :o are will+ to run ! risks ( loss f diseases & :o c af=d to wait = returns on _! inve/m5t1 ?is crop (f]s relatively l>ge pr(its4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,?ree ,ye> ,old ,cultivat$ ,root4 ,x is v simple to prep>e a few wild roots = m>ket4 ,wa% !m ?or\ghly1 ?is ,i d ) a too? or nail bru%1 ,writes a ,nor!rn gr[]1 z !y w remove ! dirt f ! creases )\t injury4 ,only a few roots %\ld be put 9 ! wat] at once z x does n b5efit !m to soak4 ,i h usually dri$ wild roots 9 ! sun1 :i* is ! be/ way1 b nev] put roots 9 ! hot sun be=e ! outside is dry1 z !y are apt to rot4 ,! cultivat$ root is m difficult to h&le4 ,!y are clean$ ! same z wild roots4 ,on acc\nt ( size & quality !y h to be dri$ diff]5tly4 ,my fir/ cultivat$ roots 7 dri$ ar\nd ! cook /ove1 :i* w answ] = a few roots1 provid+ ! lady ( ! h\se is good natur$4 ,la/ ye> ,i dri$ ab\t #ejj p\nds ( gre5 roots & s _h to f9d some?+ diff]5t4 ,i made a dri] simil> to ,mr4 ,/anton's plan1 i4 e41 a box any size to suit ! am\nt ( roots y wi% to dry4 ,! "o ,i made is ab\t two feet by two & a half feet & two & "o-half feet high1 ) "o side op5 = ! draw]s to be tak5 out4 ,! draw]s are made ) scre5 wire = bottom4 ,!y %\ld be at lea/ two in*es deep & two & "o-half in*es w\ld be bett]4 ,i bor$ a ?ree-f\r?-in* hole 9 ! top a little ways f ea* corn] & five 9 ! c5t] 9 ab\t t5 in*es squ>e1 b n[ ,i h tak5 ! top (f1 z ,i f9d !y dry bett]4 ,i />t$ ?is on ! cook /ove1 b did n l x z ,i c\ld n control ! heat4 ,z ,i _h two ,blue ,flame oil /oves ,i tri$ x ov] "o ( !m & x work$ f9e4 ,!y 7 ?ree-hole /oves1 s ,i laid a bo>d across ea* end = ! dri] to re/ on4 ,! dri] has a l>ge nail driv5 9 ea* corn] ( ! bottom s t x 0 f\r in*es above ! /ove4 ,!n ,i fix$ a piece ( galvaniz$ iron ab\t #ajx#bj in*es s t x 0 ab\t two in*es above top ( /ove1 = ! heat to /rike aga9/ & n burn ! roots4 ,at fir/ ,i left out two ( ! l[] draw]s = fe> ( burn+ !m4 ,i only us$ ! middle burn]--& t turn$ q l[4 ,i tri$ ! flame ) my h& betwe5 ! /ove & roots s z n to get x too high4 ,9 ?is way ,i c\ld get a sl[ heat & no dang] ( burn+1 :i* is ! ma9 tr\ble ) dry+ by /ove4 ,x w\ld take f two to f\r days to dry !m1 accord+ to size4 ,z soon z !y 7 dri$ !y 7 put 9 op5 boxes s if !re 0 any moi/ure x c\ld dry out & n m\ld1 :i* !y w d if clos$ up tight4 ,9 us+ an oil /ove "o %\ld be us$ t w n smoke4 ,nev] set ! roots ov] :5 ! /ove is fir/ light$ & !y %\ld be remov$ be=e turn+ ! flame out1 z !y are apt to get smok$4 ,d n set /ove 9 a draft4 ,9 pack+ ! dry root 9 boxes ,i break (f ! f9e fib]1 !n !y are ready = m>ket4 ,"s "t prior to #aijg1 or s9ce cultivat$ ,g9s5g has be5 ^u ! m>ket1 its value has be5 f #a4jj to #b4jj p] p\nd less ?an ! wild & n 9 z active dem&1 ev5 at t diff]5ce1 z ! wild4 ,today ! value is mu* ne>] equal4 ,at fir/ ^? engag$ 9 ! cultivation ( ,g9s5g made ! soil too ri* by f]tiliz+ & gr[? ( ! roots 0 s rapid t !y did n conta9 ! peculi> sc5t or odor ( ! g5u9e or wild4 ,( late ye>s gr[]s h le>n$ to provide _! plants ) soil & surr\nd+s z ne> l nature z possible4 ,to ?is c l>gely be attribut$ ! *ange4 ,prep>+ ! ,roots = ,m>ket4 ,! roots are dug 9 ! autumn1 aft] ! tops h di$4 ,great c>e is tak5 n to bruise or injure !m4 ,!y are !n wa%$ 9 ra9 wat]1 ! soil f all crevices & cracks be+ c>efully clean$ away by a s(t bru%4 ,!n !y are wip$ on a s(t absorb5t clo?1 & are ready to be dri$ = m>ket4 ,! roots %\ld nev] be split 9 wa%+ or dry+4 ,x is ( great importance1 too1 t ! little neck or bud-/em %\ld be unbrok51 = if miss+ ! root loses two-?irds ( its value 9 ,*9ese eyes4 ,! roots may be dri$ 9 ! sun or 9 a w>m1 dry room1 b nev] ov] a /ove or fire4 ,"s gr[]s h a special dri] & use hot air v mu* on ! pr9ciple ( an evaporator4 ,?is does ! "w quickly & satisfactorily4 ,z soon z ! little fibr\s roots are dry en\gh1 !y arc ei!r clipp$ (f or rubb$ away by h&1 & ! root return$ to ! dri] to be f9i%$4 ,! m quickly ! roots are dri$ ! bett]1 if n too mu* heat$4 ,mu* ( ! value ( ! product dep5ds on ! mann] 9 :i* x is cur$4 ,?is me?od is ! "o usually employ$ 9 ,am]ica1 b ! ,*9ese prep>e ! root 9 v>i\s ways n z yet v well und]/ood 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,_! prep>ation und\bt$ly adds to ! value ( ! product ) ! consum]4 ,importance ( ,ta/e & ,flavor4 ,soils & f]tiliz]s h a m>k$ influ5ce on products :]e ta/e & flavor is important1 z ) tobacco1 c(fee1 tea1 c]ta9 fruits1 etc4 ,?is is true ( ,g9s5g 9 a v m>k$ degree4 ,to pres]ve ! flavor :i* m>ks ! be/ grade ( ,g9s5g1 by :i* ! ,*9ese judge x1 x is ess5tial t ! soil 9 ! b$s %\ld be z ne> l ! orig9al native =e/ z possible4 ,woods e>? & leaf mold %\ld be us$ 9 lib]al quantities4 ,h>dwood a%es & "s little bone meal may be add$1 b o!r f]tiliz]s are be/ avoid$ to be on ! safe side4 ,:5 ! *ief facts ( ,g9s5g culture _h be5 asc]ta9$1 x naturally foll[$ t "s gr[]s attempt$ to gr[ ! bigge/1 heavie/ roots possible 9 ! %orte/ "t1 & h5ce f]tiliz$ _! b$s ) /rong1 =c+ manures1 entirely ov]look+ ! "q ( ta/e or flavor4 ,:5 ^! roots 7 plac$ on ! m>ket ! ,*9ese buy]s promptly reject$ !m or took !m at v l[ prices on acc\nt ( defective quality4 ,?is "q ( flavor 0 a new problem to ,am]ican buy]s1 = ! reason /at$ & "o :i* !y 7 n prep>$ to meet at a mom5t's notice4 ,h5ce !re has be5 a t5d5cy ) "s export]s to be %y ( all cultivat$ roots 7fe>+ to get "s ( ^! (f quality lots7 until !y 7 9 position to te/ = flavor or ta/e by exp]t te/]s1 z is done ) w9es1 teas1 c(fees1 tobaccos & o!r products :]e flavor is ess5tial4 ,?is mi/ake l$ to ! belief ) "s t ! cultivat$ root is less valuable ?an ! wild1 b ! v rev]se is true4 ,x has be5 prov5 by ! fact t until ^! (f quality lots appe>$ to di/urb ! m>ket & %ake confid5ce = ! "t be+1 cultivat$ roots h always comm&$ a mu* bett] price p] p\nd ?an uncultivat$4 ,! gr[] :o freely uses soil f ! =e/ & lets =c+ f]tiliz]s sev]ely alone1 has no?+ to fe> f defective quality1 & w always comm& a good price = 8 product4 ,g9s5g %\ld only be dug = ! m>ket late 9 ! fall4 ,9 ! spr+ & summ] ! plant is gr[+ & ! root is tax$ to supply ! requir$ nutrim5t4 ,aft] ! plant /ops gr[+ = ! season ! root becomes firm & w n dry out z mu* z e>li] 9 ! season4 ,x takes f\r to five p\nds ( ! gre5 root e>ly 9 ! season to make "o ( dry2 lat] ?ree gre5 w make "o ( dry4 ,9 ! ,g9s5g1 l _m o!r trades1 !re are tricks4 ,9 "s sections !y practice holl[+ out roots :ile gre5 & fill+ ! cavity ) lead or iron4 ,:5 ,g9s5g is wor? f\r or five doll>s p] p\nd & lead or iron only a few c5ts1 ! pr(it f ?is nef>i\s bus9ess c be se54 ,! buy]s h got on to ! practice1 h[ev]1 & any l>ge roots t appe> too heavy are exam9$4 ,! fill+ ( roots ) lead1 etc41 has ab\t _h its day4 ,s5g %\ld be dug & wa%$ clean be=e x wilts or %r9ks2 x %\ld !n be dri$ 9 ! %ade :]e ! du/ & dirt _c rea* x & %\ld n be /rung on /r+s4 ,! roots %\ld be h&l$ c>efully s z n to break !m up1 ! m fib] ! less ! value1 z well z size :i* helps to det]m9e ! value4 ,! collect+ ( ! root = ! m>ket by ! local deal] has its *>m2 at lea/ "o w\ld ?9k s1 to see h[ eag]ly x is s\ght aft] by ! collector1 :o (t5 f9ds :5 he has en\gh = a %ipm5t t he faces a loss in/ead ( a pr(it4 ,! cont9ual decrease 9 ! annual output ( ! root %\ld produce a /eadily advanc+ m>ket4 ,! price does advance f ye> to ye>1 b ! v>iation 9 ! price ( silv] & ! s*em+ ( ! ,*9am5 produces crazy spurts 9 ! price ( ! root4 ,pres5t prices are r above av]age1 b little c be pr$ict$ ab\t future conditions4 ,*9ese cons]vatism1 h[ev]1 leads u to believe pres5t prices w cont9ue4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,lett]s ,,f ,,gr[]s4 ,! culture ( ,g9s5g has a pione] or two locat$ 9 ?is "p ( ! c\ntry 7,n4 ,ohio71 & hav+ "o-f\r? ( an acre "u cultivation myself1 x 0 ) int]e/ t ,i visit$ "s ( ^! gr[]s & ! fabul\s reports we h be5 read+ h n be5 mu* exagg]at$1 9 my e/imation1 b let me say "r "h !y are n succe$+ ) _! acres z !y did ) _! little pat* 9 ! g>d54 ,"o p>ty ga!r$ #be p\nds ( se$ f a b$ #djx#ej feet la/ season1 & has contract$ #cj p\nds ( ! se$ at #cf p] p\nd1 :i* he int5ds to ga!r f ?is b$ ?is season4 ,he !n int5ds to dig x1 & ,i w try to get ! facts = ?is magaz9e4 ,n[1 to my own exp]i5ce4 ,i plant$ ?ree hundr$ roots 9 ! fall ( '#ii4 ,! foll[+ season f ! lack ( suffici5t %ade !y fail$ to produce any se$2 ,i %\ld h _h two or ?ree ?\s& se$4 ,und]/&1 ^! 7 wild roots j z !y 7 ga!r$ f ! =e/4 ,9 #aija ,i ga!r$ ab\t "o p\nd or #h1jjj se$1 9 #aijb ?ree p\nds & am expect+ #cj1jjj se$ f ^! #cjj plants ?is season4 ,la/ season ,i ga!r$ #afj se$ f "o ( ^! plants & #bjj se$ bun*es are n uncommon = cultivat$ roots to produce at _! be/4 ,i h dug no roots = m>ket yet1 z !re has be5 too great a dem& = ! se$4 ,my "o-f\r? acre 0 mo/ly plant$ la/ season1 & is look+ v favorable at ! pres5t "t4 ,x is plant$ 9 b$s #acj feet long & #e feet wide2 ! b$s are ridg$ up ) a pa? & dit* #b feet across f plant to plant1 mak+ ! b$s1 includ+ ! pa?s1 #g feet wide4 ,b$s arrang$ 9 ?is mann] ) ! po/s t support ! %ade set 9 ! middle ( ! b$s are v conv5i5t to "w 91 z y d n h to walk 9 ! b$s1 all ! "w be+ done f ! pa?s4 ,my soil is a clay loam & x 0 necess>y = me to place a r[ ( tile directly "u "o b$2 ?is b$ conta9s #a1jjj plants & has be5 plant$ two ye>s1 & ,i f9d ! tile a protection aga9/ ei!r dry or wet wea!r2 ,i %all treat all b$s 9 a l mann] h]eaft]4 ,if y are ?9k+ ( go+ into ! ,g9s5g bus9ess & y\r soil is s& or gravel1 y\r *ances = success are good2 if y\r soil is clay1 build y\r b$s ne> l>ge trees on dry gr\nd or tile !m & y w come out all "r4 ,9 reg>d to ! ov]-production ( ?is article1 w\ld say t dry ,g9s5g root is n p]i%able1 x w keep indef9itely & ! produc]s ( ?is article w n be liable to furni% x to ! ,*9aman only z he wants x at a fair m>ket price4 ,w4 ,c4 ,sort]1 ,lake ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 99 99 99 ,ev5 9 ?is ?ickly settl$ c\ntry1 ,i h be5 able to make m money digg+ ,g9s5g ?an by trapp+1 & ,i believe t mo/ trapp]s c\ld d ! same if !y became exp]ts at detect+ ! wild plant 9 its native haunts4 ,i h enjoy$ hunt+ & trapp+ ev] s9ce ,i c\ld c>ry a fire>m ) any degree ( safety to myself1 & h tramp$ ?ru woods full ( ,g9s5g & ,gold5 ,seal = tw5ty ye>s1 )\t kn[+ x4 ,?ree ye>s ago la/ summ] ,i saw an adv]tisem5t conc]n+ ,g9s5g ,culture4 ,i s5t & got ! lit]ature on ! subject & /udi$ up all ,i c\ld4 ,!n ,i visit$ a g>d5 :]e a few cultivat$ plants 7 gr[n1 & s le>n$ to "k ! plant4 ,i _h be5 told t x grew 9 ! heavy timb] l&s along ,rock ,riv]1 s ,i ?\ght ,i w\ld />t a small g>d5 ( "s #ajj or #bjj roots4 ,! fir/ half day ,i f\nd #f plants1 & no d\bt tramp$ on twice t _m1 = ,i aft]w>d f\nd !m ?ick :]e ,i _h hunt$4 ,! next "t ,i got #bf roots2 !n #hj1 s ,i became m adept 9 spott+ ! plants1 ! size ( my bag grew until 9 ,septemb] ,i got #cdc roots 9 "o day4 ,t fall1 #aijd1 ,i ga!r$ #e1ejj roots & #b1jjj or #c1jjj se$4 ,^! roots & se$ ,i set out 9 ! g>d5 9 b$s #e feet wide & #dj feet long1 putt+ ! roots 9 #c or #e in*es ap>t anyway1 & ! se$s broadca/ & 9 r[s4 ,i mul*$ ) *ip manure1 leaf mold & horse manure4 ,cov]$ ) leaves 9 ! fall1 & built my f5ce4 ,! next spr+ ! plants 7 uncov]$ & !y came well4 ,i believe ne>ly e "o came up4 ,!y 7 too ?ick1 b ,i left !m4 ,! mice _h run all ?ru ! se$ b$ & no d\bt eat5 a lot ( ! se$4 ,t spr+ ,i b\ght #e1jjj se$ ( a s5g digg] & got soak$4 ,! fall ( #aije ,i dug #ejj m roots & h>ve/$ #ae1jjj se$s f my b$s4 ,! roots 7 plant$ 9 an addition & se$ put d[n cell>4 ,la/ fall ,i ga!r$ #e1ejj m roots f ! woods1 grew ab\t #c1jjj se$l+s 9 ! g>d5 & h>ve/$ #ge1jjj se$s4 ,i dug a few ( ! old] roots & sold !m4 ,! wor/ enemy ,i f9d to ,g9s5g culture is ,alt]n>ia1 ( a =m ( fungus gr[? on ! leaf ( ! plant4 ,?is disease />t$ 9 my b$s la/ ye>1 b ,i spray$ ) ,bordeaux ,mixture & *eck$ x4 ,i h n z yet be5 tr\bl$ ) damp+ (f ( se$l+s4 ,i %all try ,bordeaux if x occurs4 ,my g>d5 is n[ #ajj feet by #ej feet1 on bo? sides ( a r[ ( apple trees1 9 good ri* gr\nd :i* _h once be5 a b]ry pat*4 ,i us$ any old bo>ds ,i c\ld get = ! side f5ce1 n mak+ x too tight4 ,= %ade ,i h tri$ ev]y?+ ,i c\ld ?9k (4 ,i us$ burlap tack$ on frames1 b x rott$ 9 "o season4 ,i us$ will[ & p9e bru% & ?r[$ corn /alks & s$ge grass on !m4 ,= all ,i c\ld see1 ! plants grew z well "u su* %ade z "u la?1 al?\gh ! appe>ance ( ! y>d is n s good4 ,i also ran wild cucumb]s ov] ! bru% & l !m v well4 ,!y run ab\t #ae feet1 s !y d n rea* ! c5t] ( ! g>d5 until late 9 ! season4 ,i plant$ !m only ar\nd ! edge ( ! g>d54 ,illu/ration3 ,b$ ( ,mature ,g9s5g ,plants ,"u ,lattice4 ,9 prep>+ my soil1 ,i mix$ "s s& ) ! g>d5 soil to make x light]2 also1 woods e>?1 leaf mold1 *ip manure & b>ny>d manure1 leav+ x mo/ly on top4 ,i take d[n ! %ade ea* fall & cov] b$s ) leaves & bru%4 ,?is indu/ry is n ! gold m9e x 0 crack$ up to be4 ,! price is go+ d[n1 lumb] = y>d & %ade is go+ up4 ,! old] ! g>d51 ! m "o has to gu>d aga9/ diseases1 s "o may n expect m ?an av]age returns = 8 "t & "w4 ,/ill ,i enjoy ! culture1 & ! "w is n s h>d1 & x is v int]e/+ to see ?is %y wild plant gr[+ 9 its new home4 ,9 ord] to keep up ! dem& = ,g9s5g1 we mu/ furni% ! quality ! ,*9ese desire1 & to d ?is1 ,i believe we mu/ get back to ! woods & rott5 oak & maple wood1 leaf mold & ! humid atmosph]e ( ! deep woodl&s4 ,i h le>n$ mu* dur+ ! %ort "t ,i h be5 gr[+ ! plant1 b h only giv5 a few g5]al /atem5ts4 ,john ,hoop]1 ,jeff]son ,co41 ,wis4 99 99 99 ,i believe mo/ any "o t lives :]e ,g9s5g w gr[ c\ld make up a small b$ or two 9 _! g>d5 & by plant+ l>ge roots & %ad+ x prop]ly1 c\ld make x a nice picture4 ,!n if !y c\ld sell _! se$ at a good price might make x pr(itable1 b :5 x comes d[n to gr[+ ,g9s5g = m>ket ,i believe ! only place t "o c\ld make a success w\ld be 9 ! =e/ or 9 new gr\nd t /ill has woods e>? 9 x & !n h x prop]ly %ad$4 ,! f9e/ g>d5 ,i ev] saw is %ad$ ) /rips split f *e/nut cuts or logs4 ,!re are ?\s&s ( "y s5g 9 ?is g>d5 f se$l+s up to f\r ye>s old ?is fall1 & sev]al b$s ( roots all sizes t 7 dug f ! woods wild & are us$ z se$]s4 ,^! plants h a spread+ habit & h a d>k gre5 heal?y look t won't rub (f4 ,x is en\gh to give s5g digg]s fits to see !m4 ,i h my ,g9s5g g>d5 9 a grove h&y to ! h\se1 :]e x does fairly well1 only x gets a little too mu* sun4 ,i h a few hundr$ 9 ! =e/1 :]e x gets suffici5t %ade & !re is a va/ diff]5ce 9 ! color & ?rift9ess ( ! two4 ,! se$ crop w be a little %ort ?is fall 9 ?is section1 ow+ to heavy fro/s 9 ,may :i* blight$ ! blossom buds on ! fir/ s5g t came up4 ,my se$ crop la/ fall 0 t5 qu>ts ( b]ries :i* are buri$ n[ 9 s& boxes4 ,my plan = plant+ !m ?is fall is to /ick ! se$s 9 b$s ab\t #dx#d in*es4 ,i see :]e "s few ?9k t ! mul* %\ld be tak5 (f 9 ! spr+1 :i* ,i ?9k is all wrong4 ,i h be5 exp]im5t+ = sev5 ye>s ) ,g9s5g & am conv9c$ t ! "r way is to keep x mul*$ ) leaves4 ,! leaves keep ! gr\nd cool1 moi/ & mell[ & ! we$s are n half s h>d to keep d[n4 ,x is surely ! natural way to raise ,g9s5g4 ,my wor/ tr\ble 9 rais+ ,g9s5g is ! damp+ (f ( ! se$l+s4 ,my wor/ pe/ is *ickwe$1 :i* gr[s "u ! mul* & seems to gr[ all w9t]4 ,x se$s e>ly & is brittle & h>d to get ! roots :5 pull+4 ,planta9 is bad sometimes1 ! roots g to ! bottom ( ! b$4 ,gladd we$ is also tr\blesome4 ,i ?9k "o %\ld be v c>eful :5 !y ga!r ! mul* = x is an easy matt] to ga!r up a lot ( bad we$ se$4 ,i see 9 ! ,h-,t-,t :]e "s use *ip manure on _! s5g b$s4 ,i tri$ t myself1 b w n use x aga9 on se$ b$s any way4 ,i f\nd x full ( slugs & worms :i* prey$ on ! se$l+s4 ,sometimes cut worms cut (f a good _m = me4 ,grub worms eat a root n[ & !n4 ,leaf roll]s are bad "s ye>s1 b ! wor/ enemy ( all is wood mice4 ,if "o does n wat* c>efully !y w de/roy hundr$s ( se$ 9 a few nights4 ,i f9d ! be/ way to de/roy !m is to set little spr+ traps :]e !y c run ov] !m4 ,!re 0 a new pe/ 9 ?is locality ?is ye> :i* de/roy$ a big lot ( se$4 ,x 0 a gre5 cricket some?+ l a katydid4 ,!y 7 h>d to cat*1 too4 ,?os4 ,g4 ,fulcom]1 ,indiana ,co41 ,pa4 ,illu/ration3 ,"s ,?rifty ,plants--,an ,ohio ,g>d54 ,! notions ( ! ,*9ese seem z difficult to *ange z ! law ( ! ,m$es & ,p]sians1 & 8 notion t ! cultivat$ article is no good1 if once e/abli%$1 w always be e/abli%$4 ,?is w be a sad pr$icam5t = ! ?\s&s :o may be dup$ by ! reckless ,g9s5g promot]4 ,"o pr9ciple ( success 9 my bus9ess is to please ! pur*as] or consum]4 ,?is is ! bigge/ factor 9 ,g9s5g culture4 ,! ,*9aman wants a c]ta9 quality ( flavor1 %ape1 color1 etc41 9 8 ,g9s5g1 & z soon z ! cultivators le>n & obs]ve 8 wi%es s soon w !y be on ! "r road to success4 ,g9s5g has be5 br\ght "u cultivation & by do+ ?is x has be5 remov$ f its natural environm5ts & subject$ to new conditions1 :i* are mak+ a *ange 9 ! root4 ,! object ( ! ,g9s5g has be5 lo/ sight ( & ! only pr9ciple really obs]v$ has be5 to gr[ ! root1 disreg>d+ entirely ! notions ( ! consum]4 ,?\s&s h be5 induc$ by ! flatt]+ adv]tisem5ts to inve/ _! money & beg9 ! culture ( ,g9s5g4 ,n "o-half ( ^! p are famili> ) ! plant 9 its wild /ate & h any idea ( its natural environm5ts4 ,!y are absolutely unfit to gr[ & prep>e ,g9s5g = ! ,*9ese m>ket4 ,?\s&s ( roots h be5 spoil$ 9 ! gr[+ or 9 ! dry+ by ?is class ( ,g9s5g gr[]s4 ,_m roots h be5 scor*$ ) too mu* heat1 _m s\r$ ) n ! "r conditions ( heat1 _m m h be5 spoil$ 9 flavor by gr[+ 9 manur$ b$s & f c]ta9 f]tiliz]s4 ,all ^! damag$ roots h gone to ! ,*9ese z cultivat$ root & :o c\ld blame him = refus+ to buy & look sup]/iti\s at su* roots8 ,n[ z to pr(its4 ,n "o-half ! pr(its h be5 made z repres5t$4 ,n "o-half ( ^? gr[+ ,g9s5g make z mu* z _m ?\s&s ( exp]i5c$ g>d5]s & flori/s are mak+ ) no m money inve/$ & little if any m labor & no "o ?9ks or says any?+ ab\t x4 ,_m articles h appe>$ 9 ! j\rnals ( ! pa/ few ye>s1 & :5 y read "o y w h to read all1 = 9 mo/ "p !y h be5 f ! ov]-/imulat$ m9d ( p>ties seek+ to get sales = s-call$ nurs]y /ock4 ,probably ! fir/ man to successfully cultivate ,g9s5g 0 ,mr4 ,/anton1 ( ,new ,york ,/ate4 ,8 g>d5s 7 9 ! =e/1 f ?is success _m foll[$4 ,!n ! se$ v5d]s & wide publicity & ! g>d5 cultivation "u lattice %ade4 ,!n ! refusal ( ! ,*9ese to buy ^! inf]ior roots4 ,n[1 x is my op9ion ! gr[]s mu/ return to ! =e/ & sp>e no labor to see t ! roots plac$ on ! m>ket are 9 accordance ) ! p>ticul> notions ( ! consum]4 ,g9s5g gr[]s may !n hope to e/abli% a bett] price & ready m>ket = _! root4 ,! color requir$ by ! ,*9ese1 s f> z my exp]im5ts g1 come f c]ta9 qualities ( soil4 ,! yell[ color 9 dem& comes to ^? roots gr[+ 9 soil ri* 9 iron4 ,! p>ticul> aromatic flavor comes f ^? gr[+ 9 clay loam & abundant leaf mold ( ! =e/4 ,i h f\nd t by putt+ sulphate ( iron sp>+ly 9 b$s & ! roots gr[+ ab\t two ye>s 9 ?is take on ! yell[ color4 ,i h ?ree g>d5s us$ = my exp]im5ts1 two 9 =e/ & "o 9 g>d54 ,!y conta9 altoge!r ab\t tw5ty-five ?\s& plants4 ,"o g>d5 is on a /eep nor? hillside1 heavily %ad$ by timb]4 ,^! plants h a yell[i% color & good aromatic ta/e4 ,!y h gr[n v sl[ "h2 ab\t z mu* 9 ?ree ye>s z !y gr[ 9 "o ye> 9 ! g>d54 ,! o!r =e/ g>d5 is 9 an upl& grove ) mod]ate dra91 clay loam & pl5ty ( leaf mold2 ! trees are ?9 & trimm$ high4 ,! b$s are well made1 ! roots are light yell[ & good flavor1 !y gr[ l>ge & ?rifty l ! v be/ ( wild4 ,i am n[ plant+ ! se$ six in*es ap>t & int5d to leave !m 9 ! b$ )\t mole/+ until matur$4 ,! b$s "u ! lattice 9 ! g>d5 h gr[n l>ge1 ?ick1 :ite & brittle1 hav+ _m rootlets bran*+ f ! ends ( ! roots1 ,! soil is ( a black1 s&y loam4 ,!y d n h ! f9e aromatic flavor ( ^? roots gr[+ 9 ! woods4 ,! plants ,i h us$ 9 ! mo/ "p 7 produc$ f ! =e/ "h 9 ,m9nesota & pur*as$ f "s digg]s 9 ,wiscons94 ,i h a few ,i procur$ f p>ties adv]tis+ se$ & plants1 b f9d t ! wild roots & se$s are j z good = ! purpose ( sett+ if due c>e is ex]cis$ 9 sort+ ! roots4 ,!re has be5 consid]able said 9 ! pa/ season by ^? desir+ to sell nurs]y /ock condemn+ ! commission h\ses & ignor+ or m9imiz+ ! s]i\sness ( ! condition :i* confronts ! ,g9s5g gr[] 9 a m>ket = 8 root4 ,n[1 ,i believe ! commission m5 are desir\s ( aid+ ! ,g9s5g gr[]s 9 a m>ket = 8 roots s long z ! gr[] is c>eful 9 8 ef=ts to produce an article 9 dem& by ! consum]4 ,9 my op9ion ^? :o are desir\s ( ent]+ an indu/ry ( ?is k9d w realize ! mo/ pr(its 9 ! long run if !y devote att5tion to ! /udy & cultivation ( ^? m$ical plants us$ 9 ! !rapy ( ! regul> practice ( m$ic9e1 su* z ,hydra/is1 ,s5eca1 ,sangu9>ia1 ,lady ,slipp]1 ,m&rake1 etc4 ,!y are easily rais$ & h a ready m>ket at any ( our drug mills4 ,i h exp]im5t$ ) a numb] ( ^! & f9d !y ?rive "u ! c>e ( cultivation & ,i believe 9 "s in/ances ! real m$ical prop]ties are improv$1 z ,atrop9e 9 ,belladonna & ,hydra/9e 9 ,hydra/is4 ,i h sev]al ?\s& ,hydra/is plants "u cultivation & int5d to make te/s ?is season = ! quantity ( ,hydra/9e 9 a giv5 weight ( ,hydra/is & comp>e ) ! wild article4 ,x is ! am\nt ( ,hydra/9e or alkaloid 9 a fluid extract :i* by te/ det]m9es ! /&>d ( ! (ficial prep>ation & is ! real valuable "p ( ! root4 ,?is drug has gr[n wond]fully 9 favor ) ! pr(ession 9 rec5t ye>s & ?is increas$ dem& ) decrease ( supply has s5t ! price ( ! article so>+ s t we are pay+ five times z mu* = ! drug 9 /ock today z we paid only ?ree or f\r ye>s ago4 ,i tru/ t ,i h enl>g$ ^u & pres5t$ "s facts :i* may be ( int]e/ & cause ^? read]s :o are int]e/$ 9 ?is indu/ry to h a s]i\s reg>d = ! bett]m5t ( pres5t conditions1 to use m caution 9 supply+ ! m>ket & n all[ v5d]s to s]i\sly damage ! indu/ry by _! pipe dream 9 an attempt to f9d sales = s-call$ nurs]y /ock4 ,l4 ,c ,+ram1 ,m4 ,d41 ,waba%a ,c\nty1 ,m9n4 99 99 99 ,x 0 9 ! ye> ( #aija1 9 ! mon? ( ,june1 t ,i fir/ he>d ( ! wond]ful ,g9s5g plant4 ,be+ a lov] ( nature & giv5 to /roll+ 9 ! =e/s at v>i\s times1 ,i soon came to "k ! ,g9s5g plant 9 its wild /ate4 ,hav+ next obta9$ "s k reg>d+ ! cultivation ( ?is plant f a gr[] sev]al miles away1 ,i set my fir/ roots to ! numb] ( #ajj 9 ri*1 well-dra9$ g>d5 soil1 ov] :i* ,i erect$ a frame & cov]$ x ) bru% to s]ve z %ade4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aijb ne>ly all ! roots made _! appe>ance & f ^! ,i ga!r$ a nice crop ( se$ lat] on 9 ! season4 ,t summ] ,i set out #b1bjj m wild roots 9 common g>d5 soil us+ la? nail$ to frames ( scantl+ = %ade4 ,la? 0 nail$ s z to make two-?irds ( %ade to "o-?ird ( sun4 ,?is k9d ( %ad+ ,i h s9ce adopt$ = g5]al use1 because ,i f9d x ! mo/ economical & = endur+ all k9ds ( wea!r x _c be surpass$4 ,dur+ ! season ( #aijc ,i lo/ sev]al hundr$ roots by rot1 caus$ by an excessive wet season & imp]fect dra9age4 ,9 ! seasons ( #aijc & #aijd ,i set ab\t #b1jjj wild roots 9 common g>d5 soil1 mix$ ) s& & woods dirt & at ?is writ+ 7,july #i?1 #aije7 "s ( ^! plants /& two feet high1 ) f\r & five prongs on bran*es1 ?us %[+ ! sup]iority ( ?is soil ov] ! o!rs ,i h previ\sly tri$4 ,illu/ration3 ,new ,york ,gr[]'s ,g>d54 ,dur+ my five ye>s ( practical exp]i5ce 9 ! cultivation ( ?is plant ,i h le>n$ ! importance ( well dra9$ gr\nd1 ) por\s op5 sub-soil = ! cultivation ( ,g9s5g4 ,my exp]i5ce ) clay h>d-pan ) improp] dra9age has be5 v unsatisfactory1 result+ f ! loss ( roots by rot4 ,clay h>d-pan sub-soil %\ld be tile-dra9$4 ,exp]i5ce & obs]vation h taught me t ,g9s5g se$ is delicate /uff to h&le & x is a h>d matt] to impress ^u p ! importance ( tak+ c>e ( x4 ,i h always di/9ctly /at$ t x mu/ n be all[$ to get dry & mu/ be kept 9 condition to promote g]m9ation f ! "t x is ga!r$ until s[n4 ,:]e a consid] able quantity is to be c>$ =1 ! b]ries %\ld be pack$ 9 f9e1 dry sift$ s& soon aft] !y are ga!r$1 us+ ?ree qu>ts ( s& & two qu>ts ( b]ries4 ,! moi/ure ( ! b]ries w damp5 ! s& suffici5tly4 ,b if only a few are to be pack$ ! s& %\ld be damp4 ,place "o-half in* s& 9 box & press smoo?4 ,on ?is place a lay] ( b]ries2 cov] ) s&1 press1 & repeat ! op]ation until box is full1 leav+ "o-half in* ( s& on top2 on ?is place wet clo? & cov] ) bo>d4 ,place box 9 cell> or cool %ady place4 ,! bottom ( ! box %\ld n be tight4 ,a few gimlet holes ) pap] ov] !m to keep ! s& f sift+ ?ru w be all "r4 ,any "t aft] two or ?ree mon?s1 dur+ :i* "t ! se$s h lo/ _! pulp & no?+ b ! se$ itself rema9s1 se$ may be sift$ out1 wa%$1 te/$ & repack$ 9 damp s& until ready to s[4 ,be/ ,"t to ,s[ ,se$4 ,s9ce x takes ! se$ eighte5 mon?s to g]m9ate1 se$ t has be5 kept ov] "o season %\ld be plant$ 9 ,augu/ or ,septemb]4 ,i l to get my old crop ( se$ out ( ! way be=e ! new crop is h>ve/$1 & also because my exp]i5ce has be5 t e>ly s[+ gives bett] results ?an late4 ,"o %\ld be c>eful 9 build+ 8 ,g9s5g g>d5 t he does n get sides clos$ too tight & ?us prev5t a free circulation ( air go+ ?ru ! g>d51 = if su* is ! case dur+ a ra9y p]iod ! g>d5 is liable to become infect$ ) ! leaf spot & fungus diseases4 ,! drop 9 price ( cultivat$ root 0 caus$ *iefly ?ru high manur+1 ha/y & improp] dry+ ( ! root4 ,9 ord] to br+ back ! cultivat$ root to its =m] /&+ among ! ,*9ese1 we mu/ cease high manur+ & take m pa9s & "t 9 dry+ ! root1 & !n we w h a /eady m>ket = ,am]ican cultivat$ root = ye>s to come4 ,j4 ,v4 ,h>dacre1 ,geauga ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 99 99 99 ,9 #aijj ,i w5t to ! woods & secur$ ab\t fifty plants ( v>i\s sizes & set !m 9 ! %ade ( "s pea* & plum trees 9 a v f]tile spot4 ,!y came up 9 #aija1 t is1 "p ( !m did1 b ! *ick5s _h access to !m & soon de/roy$ ! mo/ ( !m1 t is1 ! tops4 ,9 #aijb only a few bun*es came up1 & ?r\gh neglect 7= ,i nev] gave !m any c>e7 ! we$s *ok$ !m & !y did no good4 ,9 #aijc ! _s ( ,g9s5g gr[+ 0 reviv$ 9 me & ,i prep>$ suitable b$s1 %ade & soil1 & w5t to "w 9 e>ne/4 ,i secur$ sev]al m plants & reset ^? t ,i _h be5 try+ to gr[ )\t c>e4 ,9 #aijd my plants came up nicely4 ,i also secur$ sev]al hundr$ m plants & set !m 9 my g>d54 ,! plants grew well & ,i h>ve/$ ab\t #a1jjj se$ 9 ! fall4 ,sev]al ,g9s5g g>d5s 7 injur$ by a disease t seem$ to scald ! leaves & !n ! /alk became affect$4 ,9 a %ort "t ! :ole top ( ! plant di$1 b ! root rema9$ alive4 ,my ,g9s5g 0 n affect$ 9 ?is way1 or at lea/ ,i did n notice x4 ,9 #aije ,i _h a nice lot ( plants appe> & !y grew nicely = a :ile1 & z ,i 0 %[+ a neighbor ?ru ! g>d5 he po9t$ out ! appe>ance ( ! disease t _h affect$ mo/ ( ! g>d5s 9 ?is c\nty ! previ\s ye>1 & 0 kill+ ! tops (f ( all ! ,g9s5g 9 !m ?is ye>4 ,i began at once to fight = ! lives ( my plants by cutt+ (f all affect$ p>ts & burn+ !m4 ,i also took a wat]+ pot & spr9kl$ ! plants ) ,bordeaux ,mixture4 ,?is seem$ to help1 & b few ( ! plants di$ outright4 ,i h>ve/$ sev]al ?\s& se$4 ,i plac$ ! se$ 9 a box ( moi/ s& & plac$ !m 9 ! cell> & ab\t "o-?ird ( !m 7 g]m9at$ by ! foll[+ spr+1 & !re 0 n ano!r g>d5 9 ?is vic9ity1 to my k1 t secur$ any se$4 ,?is fact caus$ me to ?9k t spray+ ) ,bordeaux ,mixture w\ld *eck ! disease4 ,x 0 c]ta9 t if ! disease c\ld n be prev5t$ or quit ( its own accord1 ,g9s5g c\ld n be gr[n 9 ?is c\nty4 ,9 #aijf my plants came up nicely & grew z 9 ! previ\s season4 ,i notic$ ! disease on "s ( ! plants ab\t ! la/ ( ,may s ,i began remov+ ! affect$ p>ts1 also to spr9kle ) ,bordeaux ,mixture ) ab\t ! same results z ! ye> be=e4 ,9 ! fall ,i h>ve/$ ab\t twelve or fifte5 ?\s& se$4 ,i might say "h t ,i spr9kl$ ! plants ab\t e two or ?ree weeks4 ,i rais$ ! only se$ t 0 h>ve/$ 9 ?is vic9ity1 & mo/ all ! l>ge s5g 0 dri$ & sold out ( _! g>d5s4 ,e>ly 9 #aijg ,i secur$ a compress$ air spray]1 = ,i _h come to ! conclusion t spray+ w\ld be lots bett] ?an spr9kl+4 ,on ! appe>ance ( ! fir/ plants 9 ! spr+ ,i began spray+ & spray$ e week or t5 days until ab\t ! fir/ ( ,septemb]4 ,i sav$ ! life ( mo/ ( my plants4 ,= an exp]im5t ,i left ab\t five feet ( "o b$ ( two-ye>-old plants unspray$4 ,x grew nicely until ab\t ! #aj? ( ,june1 !n ! disease /ruck x1 & 9 ab\t two or ?ree weeks x 0 ab\t all dead1 :ile ! rema9d] t 0 spray$ liv$ ?ru till fro/1 & _m ( !m bore se$4 ,i h>ve/$ ab\t #bj1jjj se$ 9 ! fall4 ,i believe if ,i _h n p]si/$ 9 ! spray+ ,i w\ld n h h>ve/$ "o fully matur$ se$1 = none ( my neighbors secur$ any4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #aijf1 ,i dug "o b$ ( l>ge roots ?9ly set on a b$ #dx#af feet :i* nett$ me #h4di4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #aijg1 ,i dug a b$ #dx#bj feet :i* nett$ me #ai4ca4 ,?is is my exp]i5ce4 ,( c\rse ,i h omitt$ me?od ( prep>+ b$s1 %ade1 etc4 ,a4 ,c ,h]r91 ,pulaski ,c\nty1 ,ky4 99 99 99 ,_m inquiries are cont9ually be+ receiv$ conc]n+ ,g9s5g1 ,"s ( ! _m que/ions prop\nd$ are z foll[s3 ,is ,g9s5g gr[+ pr(itable8 ,is x a difficult crop to gr[8 ,h[ _m ye>s w x take to gr[ m>ketable roots8 ,:5 is ! be/ "t to set plants & s[ ! se$8 ,:at k9d ( soil is be/ adapt$ to ! crop8 ,does ! crop ne$ %ade :ile gr[+8 ,d ! tops ( ,g9s5g plants die annually8 ,mu/ ! roots be dri$ be=e m>ketable8 ,:at "t ( ye> d y dig ! roots8 ,does ! cultivation ( ! plants require mu* labor8 ,:at are ! roots us$ = & :]e does "o f9d ! be/ m>kets8 ,ab\t :at are ! dry roots wor? p] p\nd8 ,h[ are ! roots dri$8 ,h[ _m roots does x take to make a p\nd8 ,h y sold any dry roots yet f y\r g>d58 ,h[ long does x take ! se$ ( ,g9s5g to g]m9ate8 ,d y s[ ! se$s broadca/ or plant 9 drills8 ,h[ f> ap>t %\ld ! plants be set8 ,d y mul* b$s 9 w9t]8 ,is x be/ to reset se$l+s ! fir/ ye>8 ,h[ _m plants does x require to set an acre8 ,:at is g5]ally us$ = %ad+8 ,has ! plant or root any enemies8 ,:5 does ! se$ rip58 ,h[ wide d y make y\r b$s8 ,d y f]tilize y\r soil8 ,w ! plants be> se$ ! fir/ ye>8 ,:at price d plants & se$ usually br+8 ,:at does ! se$ look l8 ,x w be almo/ impossible to answ] all ( ! above que/ions1 b w try to give a few po9ts reg>d+ ,g9s5g & ,g9s5g gr[+ :i* may help "s read] out4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahii ,i began exp]im5t+ ) a few ,g9s5g plants1 writes an ,indiana p>ty1 & at pres5t h ?\s&s ( plants com+ along nicely f "o to sev5 ye>s old4 ,la/ fall ,i plant$ ab\t eight p\nds ( new se$4 ,! mature roots are v pr(itable at pres5t prices4 ,!y are easily gr[n if "o kn[s h[4 ,x takes ab\t five ye>s to gr[ m>ketable roots4 ,! se$ is plant$ 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb]2 ! plants set 9 ,septemb] & ,octob]4 ,a ri*1 d>k s&y loam is ! mo/ desirable soil = ! crop1 :i* requires %ade dur+ gr[?4 ,! plants are p]5nial1 dy+ d[n 9 ! fall & reappe>+ 9 ! spr+4 ,! roots mu/ be dri$ = m>ket4 ,!y %\ld be dug "s "t 9 ,octob]4 ,cultivation ( ! crop is comp>atively simple & easy4 ,! crop is practically export$ f ?is c\ntry to ,*9a1 :]e ! roots are l>gely us$ = m$ic9al purposes4 ,! be/ prices are paid 9 ,new ,york1 ,*icago1 ,c9c9nati & ,san ,francisco4 ,dry roots usually br+ #d4jj to #h4jj p] p\nd z to quality4 ,! dry+ is accompli%$ ! same way fruit is dri$4 ,! numb] ( roots 9 a p\nd dep5ds on _! age & size4 ,! se$ ( ,g9s5g g]m9ates 9 eighte5 mon?s4 ,s[ ! se$ 9 drill r[s & set ! plants ab\t eight in*es ap>t ea* way4 ,mul* ! b$s ) =e/ leaves 9 ! fall4 ,! se$l+s %\ld be reset ! fir/ ye>4 ,x requires ab\t #ajj1jjj plants to cov] an acre4 ,! %ade = ! crop is usually furni%$ by ! use ( la? or bru% on a /ation>y frame built ov] ! g>d54 ,moles & mice are ! only enemies ( ,g9s5g & sometimes tr\ble ! roots1 b are usually q easily kept out4 ,! se$ ( ,g9s5g rip5s 9 ,augu/4 ,se$ b$s are usually made f\r feet wide4 ,! be/ f]tiliz] is leaf m\ld f ! woods4 ,! plants w n be> mu* se$ ! fir/ ye>4 ,! price ( bo? se$ & plants v>ies consid]ably4 ,! se$ looks l ^? ( tomatoes1 b is ab\t t5 times l>g]4 ,g9s5g is usually f\nd gr[+ wild 9 ! woods :]e bee*1 sug> & popl> gr[4 ,! illu/ration %[s a plant ) se$4 ,e>ly 9 ! season1 say ,june & e>ly ,july1 !re is no /em %[+ se$4 7,see cov]47 ,! plant usually has ?ree prongs ) ?ree l>ge leaves & has small ones on ea* /em4 ,note ! illu/ration closely4 ,sometimes !re are f\r prongs1 b ! numb] ( leaves on ea* prong is always five--?ree l>ge & two small4 ,! lead+ ,g9s5g /ates are ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,k5tucky & ,t5nessee4 ,x is also f\nd 9 consid]able quantities 9 ,virg9ia1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,ohio1 ,indiana1 ,ill9ois1 ,mi*igan1 ,new ,york1 & ev5 nor? into ,s\!rn ,canada4 ,x is also f\nd 9 o!r ,c5tral & ,s\!rn /ates4 ,dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s ! wild root has be5 dug v close1 & 9 /ates :]e two or ?ree ye>s ago ,g9s5g 0 fairly pl5tiful is n[ consid]ably ?9n$ out4 ,9 "s sections s5g]s foll[ ! bus9ess ( digg+ ! wild root f ,june to ,octob]4 ,!y make good wages q (t54 ,x is ^! s5g]s t h de/roy$ ! wild crop & pav$ ! way = ! gr[]s4 ,! supply ( wild root w no d\bt become less ea* ye>1 unless prices g d[n s t !re w n be ! pr(it 9 se>*+ = x4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,g5]al ,,in=mation4 ,cultivat$ root be+ l>g] ?an wild takes m c>e 9 dry+4 ,improp] dry+ w mat]ially impair ! root & less5 its value4 ,x is ^? :o /udy ! soil & give att5tion to _! fruit t make a success ( x4 ,! same applies to gr[+ ,g9s5g & o!r m$ic9al plants4 ,:5 buy+ plants or se$s to />t a g>d5 x w be well to pur*ase f "s "o 9 ab\t y\r latitude z ^? gr[n hundr$s ( miles nor? or s\? are n apt to d s well4 ,g9s5g culture is n[ c>ri$ on 9 ne>ly all /ates ea/ ( ! ,mississippi ,riv] z well z a few we/4 ,! lead+ ,g9s5g gr[+ /ates1 h[ev]1 are ,new ,york1 ,mi*igan1 ,ohio1 ,k5tucky & ,m9nesota4 ,?ru\t ! ,g9s5g produc+ section ! plants are dug by s5g]s f e>ly spr+ until late fall4 ,! roots are sold to ! c\ntry m]*ants = ca% or ex*ang$ = m]*&ise4 ,! pr(essional digg] usually keeps 8 s5g until sev]al p\nds are collect$1 :5 x is ei!r %ipp$ to "s deal] or tak5 to ! c\nty seat or "s t[n :]e druggi/s & o!rs make ! buy+ ( roots "p ( _! bus9ess4 ,"h ! digg] c\ld always get ca% = roots :i* 0 n always ! case at ! c\ntry /ore4 ,q (t5 we he> "s "o say t ! ,*9ese w "o ( ^! days quit us+ ,g9s5g & !re w be no m>ket = x4 ,!re is no dang]1 or at lea/ no m ?an ( our p giv+ up ! use ( tea & c(fee4 ,g9s5g has be5 9 con/ant use 9 ,*9a = hundr$s ( ye>s & !y are n apt to =sake x n[4 ,! majority ( export]s ( ,g9s5g to ,*9a are ,*9am5 :o are locat$ 9 ,new ,york & "o or two cities on ! ,pacific coa/4 ,!re is a prejudice 9 ,*9a aga9/ =eign]s s t ! ,*9am5 h an advantage 9 export+4 ,few deal]s 9 ,new ,york or else:]e export--!y sell to ! ,*9am5 :o export4 ,! mak+ ( ,bordeaux ,mixture is n difficult4 ,put #h p\nds blue/one 9 an old sack or basket & susp5d x 9 a #ej-;gallon b>rel ( wat]4 ,9 ano!r b>rel ( same size1 slack #h p\nds ( good /one lime & fill ) wat]4 ,?is solution w keep4 ,:5 ready to use1 /ir briskly & take a pail full f ea* b>rel & p\r !m at ! same "t into a ?ird b>rel or tub4 ,?is is ,bordeaux ,mixture4 ,if insects are to be de/roy$ at ! same "t1 add ab\t #d ounces ( p>is gre5 to ea* #ej gallons ( ,bordeaux4 ,keep ! ,bordeaux well /irr$ & put on ) a good spray pump4 ,half ! value 9 spray+ is 9 do+ x ?or\ghly4 ,x is our op9ion t !re w be a dem& = ,s5eca & ,g9s5g = ye>s4 ,! ma9 ?+ = gr[]s to keep 9 m9d is t x is ! wild or natural flavor t is want$4 ,to atta9 ?is see t ! roots are treat$ simil> to ^? gr[+ wild4 ,to d ?is1 prep>e b$s ( soil f ! woods :]e ! plants gr[1 make %ade ab\t z ! trees 9 ! =e/s %ade ! plants1 & 9 ! fall see t ! b$s are cov]$ ) leaves4 ,/udy ! nature ( ! plant z x gr[s wild 9 ! =e/ & make y\r cultivat$ plants wild by giv+ !m ! same conditions z if !y 7 gr[+ wild 9 ! =e/4 ,z m5tion$ 9 a =m] numb]1 an easy way to gr[ roots is 9 ! native =e/4 ,! "o drawback is f ?ieves4 ,! above appe>$ z an editorial 9 ! ,hunt]-,trad]-,trapp]1 ,augu/1 #aije4 ,gr[+ ,g9s5g & ,gold5 ,seal w ev5tually become q an indu/ry1 b z we h said be=e1 ^? t make ! greate/ success at ! bus9ess1 w foll[ z closely z possible ! conditions "u :i* ! plants gr[ 9 ! =e/s1 9 _! wild /ate4 ,!re9 ! secret lies4 ,!re is no class ( p bett] fitt$ to make a success at ! bus9ess ?an hunt]s & trapp]s1 = !y "k some?+ ( its habits1 especially ^? ( ! ,ea/]n1 ,c5tral & ,s\!rn ,/ates1 :]e ! plants gr[ wild4 ,!re is no bett] or *eap] way to engage 9 ! bus9ess ?an to />t y\r g>d5 9 a =e/ :]e ! plant has gr[n4 ,=e/s :]e bee*1 sug> & popl> gr[ are usually good = ,g9s5g4 ,! natural =e/ %ade is bett] ?an ! artificial4 ,illu/ration3 ,=e/ ,b$ ( ,"y ,s5g4 ,^! ,plants1 ,h[ev]1 ,are too ,?ick4 ,?is is a bus9ess t hunt]s & trapp]s c c>ry on to advantage = ! "w on ! g>d5s is pr9cipally done dur+ ! (f hunt+ & trapp+ season4 ,! writ] has repeat$ly caution$ ^? ent]+ ! bus9ess ( ,g9s5g culture to be c>eful4 ,! gr[+ ( ,g9s5g has n prov5 ! gold m9e t "s adv]tis]s tri$ to make ! public believe1 b at ! same "t ^? :o w5t at ! bus9ess 9 a bus9ess-l mann] h accompli%$ good results--h be5 well paid = _! "t4 ,9 ?is connection notice t ^? t h dug wild root = ye>s are ! mo/ successful4 ,:y8 ,because !y are ! ones ^: g>d5s are g5]ally 9 ! =e/s or at lea/ _! plants are gr[+ "u conditions simil> to _! wild /ate4 ,!re9 ! secret lies4 ,! majority ( f>m]s1 g>d5]s1 etc41 "k t spl5did sweet potatoes are gr[n 9 ! l&s ( ! ,new ,j]sey mead[s4 ,! potatoes are kn[n ?ru\t _m /ates z ,j]sey ,sweets & h a ready sale4 ,suppose ! same potato 0 gr[n 9 "s swampy middle /ate1 w\ld ! same spl5did ,j]sey ,sweet be ! result8 ,mo/ assur$ly n4 ,if ! same k9d ( s&y soil :i* ! sweet potato ?rives 9 9 ,new ,j]sey is f\nd ! results w be ne>] l ! ,j]sey4 ,aga9 we say to ! w\ld-be gr[] ( m$ic9al roots or plants to obs]ve closely ! conditions "u :i* ! roots ?rive 9 _! wild /ate & cultivate likewise1 t is1 gr[ 9 ! same k9d ( soil1 same d5sity ( %ade1 same k9d & am\nt ( mul* 7leaves1 etc47 z y obs]ve ! wild plant4 ,! gr[+ ( m$ic9al plants may nev] be a successful indu/ry = ! l>ge l& own]1 = !y are n apt to pay s mu* att5tion to ! plants z ! p]son :o owns a small place & is engag$ 9 fruit gr[+ or p\ltry rais+4 ,! bus9ess is n "o :]e acres %\ld be gr[n1 9 fact we d\bt if any "o w ev] be successful 9 gr[+ l>ge areas4 ,! p]son :o has acres ( =e/ l& %\ld be able to make a good income by simply />t+ 8 g>d5s 9 ! woods4 ,! %ade is !re1 z well z prop] mul*1 etc4 ,9 fact x is ! =e/ :]e mo/ ( ! valuable m$ic9al plants gr[ ( _! own accord4 ,! conditions ( ! soil are !re to produce ! correct flavor4 ,"s ( ! gr[]s :o are try+ to produce l>ge roots quickly are hav+ tr\ble 9 sell+ _! production4 ,! deal]s tell+ !m t _! roots h n ! wild natural flavor--b h indications ( gr[+ too quickly & are probably cultivat$4 ,:ile plants c be successfully cultivat$ by gr[+ "u conditions simil> to ! =e/ yet if !re are =e/ l&s ne>1 y _h bett] make y\r g>d5s !re4 ,?is w save %ad+4 ,9 ! nor?1 say ,canada1 ,new ,engl& & /ates bord]+ on ,canada1 %ad+ ne$ n be s ?ick z f>!r s\?4 ,9 ^? /ates1 if on high l&1 ev5 a s\? slope may be us$4 ,9 o!r /ates a nor!rn or ea/]n slope is pref]r$1 al?o if ! %ad+ is suffici5tly heavy g>d5s ?rive4 ,read :at ! v>i\s gr[]s say be=e y />t 9 ! bus9ess1 = !re9 y w f9d mu* ( value4 ,!y h made mi/akes & po9t ^! out to o!rs4 ,f #ahib to #ahig ! writ] 0 on ! road = a ,zanesville1 ,ohio1 firm z buy] ( raw furs1 hides1 pelts & tall[4 ,! t]ritory cov]$ 0 ,s\!rn ,ohio1 ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania1 ,we/ ,virg9ia & ,nor!rn ,k5tucky4 ,dur+ t "t ,g9s5g 0 mu* m pl5tiful ?an n[4 ,once at ,portsm\? a deal] f :om ,i occasionally b\ght hides1 _h #ba sug> b>rels full ( dri$ s5g--well on to #c1jjj p\nds4 ,x 0 no uncommon ?+ to see lots ( #ajj to #ejj p\nds4 ,i did n make a bus9ess ( buy+ s5g & o!r roots1 z x 0 n h&l$ to any great ext5t by ! h\se ,i travel$ =1 al?o ,i did buy a few lots rang+ f #e to #ajj p\nds1 ,! five ye>s t ,i travel$ ! t]ritory nam$ ,i %\ld say t ,i call$ ^u deal]s :o h&l$ #ajj1jjj p\nds or #bj1jjj annually4 ,?is repres5t$ probably "o-fif? ( ! collection4 ,^! deal]s ( c\rse _h m5 out4 ,j :at ! collection ( ,g9s5g 9 t t]ritory is n[ ,i am unable to say z ,i h n travel$ ! t]ritory s9ce #aijj1 b f :at ! deal]s & o!rs say am incl9$ to ?9k ! collection is only ab\t #aj :at x 0 9 ! e>ly '#ijs4 ,?is %[s to :at a rem>kable ext5t ! wild root has decreas$4 ,! same decrease may n hold good 9 all sections1 yet x has be5 heavy & unless "s me?od is devis$ ! wild root w soon be a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,digg]s %\ld sp>e ! "y plants4 ,^! h small roots & d n add mu* 9 value to _! collection4 ,if ! "y plants 7 pass$ by = a few ye>s ! production ( ! =e/--! wild plant--c\ld be prolong$ indef9itely4 ,a root buy] = a ,*>le/on1 ,w4 ,va41 firm1 :o has travel$ a great deal ?ru ! wild ,g9s5g sections ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,k5tucky1 ,t5nessee1 ,indiana & ,ohio says3 ,! root is secur$ 9 greate/ quantities f ! /ates 9 ! ord] nam$4 ,gold5 seal is probably secur$ 9 greate/ quantities f ! /ates z foll[s3 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,k5tucky1 ,ohio1 ,miss\ri1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,a great deal is also secur$ f ,we/]n ,/ates & ! ,nor?4 ,! s5g]s />t out ab\t ! middle ( ,may1 al?o ! root is n at ! be/ until ,augu/4 ,at t "t ! bur is r$ & ! greate/ /r5g? is 9 ! root4 ,_m make x a bus9ess to dig s5g dur+ ! summ]4 ,"s ye>s ago ,i saw "o p>ty ( camp]s :]e ! wom5 7! entire family 0 along7 _h simply cut holes ?ru calico = dresses1 slipp+ same ov] ! head & ti$ ar\nd ! wai/--n a ne$le or /it* ( ?read _h be5 us$ 9 mak+ ^! g>m5ts4 ,"s ( ^! s5g]s travel ) horses & cov]$ rig4 ,^! dig mo/ ( ! m>ketable roots4 ,o!rs travel by foot c>ry+ a bag to put ,g9s5g 9 ov] "o %\ld] & ov] ! o!r a bag 9 :i* !y h a piece ( bacon & a few p\nds ( fl\r4 ,?us equipp$ !y /ay out sev]al days4 ,! reason ^! m5 only dig ,g9s5g is t ! o!r roots are n s valuable & too heavy to c>ry4 ,sometimes ^! m5 dig ,gold5 ,seal :5 ne> ! m>ket or ab\t ready to return = m supplies4 ,"s ye>s ago good wages 7 made at digg+ wild roots b = ! pa/ few ye>s digg+ has be5 s p]si/5t t :5 a digg] makes f #a4jj to #b4jj p] day he ?9ks x is good4 ,"s say t ! ,g9s5g gr[+ bus9ess w soon be ov]done & ! m>ket ov]-suppli$ & prices w g to #a4jj p] p\nd or less = dri$ root4 ,if all :o engage 9 ! bus9ess 7 able to successfully gr[ ! plant su* might be ! case4 ,note ! _m t h fail$4 ,sev]al compla9 t _! b$s 9 ! =e/s are infe/$ ) _m ups & d[ns f su* causes z damp blight1 root rot1 animals & insect pe/s4 ,a few gr[]s report t mice did consid]able damage 9 ! old] b$s by eat+ ! neck & buds f ! roots4 ,!re seems to be a mi/ak5 idea 9 reg>d to g>d5s 9 ! =e/4 ,_m prep>e _! b$s 9 ! =e/s1 plant & cultivate mu* ! same z ! gr[] "u artificial %ade4 ,:ile ?is is an improvem5t ov] ! artificial %ade1 f]tiliz$ & ?ickly plant$ b$1 x is n ! way t w br+ be/ & la/+ results4 ,:y8 ,because plants cr[d$ toge!r w contract diseases mu* soon] ?an :5 scatt]$4 ,"o reason ( _m failures is t ! plants 7 too ?ick4 ,^? t c gr[ 9 ! =e/s are go+ to be ! ones t make ! greate/ success4 ,f>m]s1 horticulturi/s1 g>d5]s1 trapp]s1 hunt]s1 guides1 fi%]m5 :o h access to =e/ l& %\ld c>efully inve/igate ! possibilities ( m$ic9al root culture4 ,^? :o h read ( ! =tune to be made at gr[+ ,g9s5g & o!r m$ic9al roots 9 _! backy>d on a small plat 7say a rod or two7 _h be/ n swall[ ! bait4 ,su* /atem5ts 7 probably writt5 by ignorant gr[]s :o knew no bett] or possibly !y _h se$ & plants = sale4 ,g9s5g gr[+1 at be/1 %\ld be done by p]sons :o "k some?+ ( plants1 _! habits1 etc1 z well z be+ famili> ) soil & ! prep>ation ( same = gr[+ crops4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,m$ic9al ,,qualities4 ,9 reply to ,e4 ,t4 ,flanegan & o!rs :o wi% to "k h[ to use ,g9s5g z a m$ic9e1 ,i w sugge/ ?is way = a g5]al home made use1 says a writ] 9 ,special ,crops4 ,take v dry root1 break x up ) a hamm] & gr9d x ?ru a c(fee mill ?ree or f\r times till r$uc$ to a f9e p[d]4 ,!n take ?ree ounces ( p[d] & "o ounce ( milk sug>4 ,to ! milk sug> add sixty drops ( oil ( w9t]gre5 & mix all ! p[d]s by rubb+ !m toge!r & bottle4 ,dose "o teaspoonful1 put into a small teacupful ( boil+ wat]4 ,let x /ay a little %ort ( boil+ po9t t5 m9utes4 ,!n cool & dr9k x all1 hot z c be borne1 be=e ea* meal4 ,x may be filt]$ & ! tea s]v$ ) cream & sug> ) ! meal4 ,made z direct$ ?is is a high grade & a mo/ pleasant aromatic tea & has a good effect on ! /oma*1 bra9 & n]v\s sy/em4 ,to ^? :o h *ronic con/ipation1 ,i w\ld advise "o f\r? gra9 ( alo91 tak5 e night1 or j en\gh to control ! con/ipation1 :ile tak+ ! ,g9s5g tea4 ,if ! ev5+ dose ( ,g9s5g be mu* l>g] x is a good safe hypnotic1 produc+ good natural sleep4 ,! writ] pref]s ! above treatm5t to all ! :iskey & pat5t m$ic9e made4 ,to ^? :o are damag$ or made n]v\s by dr9k+ c(fee or tea1 quit ! c(fee or tea & take ,g9s5g tea z above direct$4 ,x is mo/ pleasant ta/$ & a good m$ic9e = y\r /oma*4 ,i d n "k j h[ ! ,*9ese prep>e x into m$ic9e1 b ,i suppose mu* ( x is us$ 9 a tea =m z well z a t9cture4 ,z x is s valuable a m$ic9e _! mode ( adm9i/ration has be5 kept a secret = ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,!re mu/ be "s m$ical value ab\t x ( great p[] or ! ,*9ese c\ld n pay ! price = x4 ,x has be5 ?\ght h]et(ore t ! ,*9ese 7 a sup]/iti\s p & ,us$ ,g9s5g ?ru ignorance1 b z we get m light on ! m$ical value ( ! plant ! pla9] x gets t x is u fell[s--! ,am]icans--t h be5 & are yet 9 ! %ade & 9 a d>k %ade1 too4 ,we ?9k ! "t n f> (f :5 x w be recogniz$ z a m$ical plant & a good "o1 too1 & its great m$ical value be made kn[n to ! _w4 ,= sev]al ye>s pa/ ,i h be5 exp]im5t+ ) ,g9s5g z a m$ical ag5t & ( late ,i h prescrib$1 or r add$ x1 to ! treatm5t ( "s cases ( rheumatism4 ,i rememb] "o in/ance 9 p>ticul> ( a middle-ag$ man :o _h gone ! r\nds ( ! neighborhood doctors & fail$ ( relief1 :5 he employ$ me4 ,aft] treat+ him = sev]al weeks & fail+ to entirely relieve him1 m especially ! di/ress 9 b[els & back1 ,i conclud$ to add ,g9s5g to 8 treatm5t4 ,aft] us+ ! m$ic9e he return$1 say+ ! la/ bottle _h s]v$ him s well t he want$ x fill$ ) ! same m$ic9e z be=e4 ,i attribute ! curative prop]ties ( ,g9s5g 9 rheumatism to /imulat+ to heal?y action ( ! ga/ric juices2 caus+ a heal?y fl[ ( ! dige/ive fluids ( ! /oma*1 !reby neutraliz+ ! extra secretion ( acid t is c>ri$ to ! n]v\s membranes ( ! body & jo9ts1 caus+ ! inflammatory condition incid5t to rheumatism4 ,g9s5g comb9$ ) ! juices ( a good ripe p9eapple is p> excell5t z a treatm5t = indige/ion4 ,x /imulates ! heal?y secretion ( peps91 !reby insur+ good dige/ion )\t incurr+ ! habit ( tak+ peps9 or aft]-d9n] pills to relieve ! fullness & di/ress s common to ! ,am]ican p4 ,! above comp\nd prep>$ ) good w9e 9 ! prop] way w relieve _m a*es & pa9s ( a rebelli\s /oma*2 & if ,i %\ld advise or prescribe a treatm5t = ! old sang digg] :o is tr\bl$ ) dyspepsia or f\l /oma*1 ,i w\ld tell him to take "s ( y\r own m$ic9e & don't be sell+ all to ! ,*9am54 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,heal?y ,look+ ,g>d5--,y>d4 ,i want to repeat "h :at ,i h (t5 said to s5g]s ( my acqua9tance1 especially ^? get-ri*-quick fell[s :o h be5 dump+ _! half-gr[n & poorly cur$ ,g9s5g on ! m>ket1 !reby kill+ ! good-w ( ! cele/ial = a m>ket & de/roy+ ! sale ( ^? :o cultivate clean & matur$ roots2 !y _h mu* bett] give _! roots "t to mature 9 _! g>d5s & if ! m>ket price is n :at x ought to be to comp5sate = ! labor1 !y _h bett] hold ov] ano!r season be=e sell+4 ,i h all ! product ( la/ season 9 ,g9s5g & ,gold5 ,seal 9 my possession1 = ! reason t ! price did n suit me4 ,drug manufactur]s ask #g4jj p] p\nd = ,fluid ,extract ,gold5 ,seal :olesale4 ,:5 !y c make f "o-half p\nd dri$ root "o p\nd ,fluid ,extract ,gold5 ,seal co/+ !m #ge c5ts1 t's a pretty good pr(it = mac]ation & label+4 ,g9s5g has be5 us$ to "s ext5t z a dome/ic m$ic9e 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates = _m ye>s4 ,z f> z ,i c le>n1 ! home use is along ! l9e ( tonic & /imulant to ! dige/ive & ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,_m p h great fai? 9 ! p[] ( ! ,g9s5g root to increase ! g5]al /r5g? & appetite z well z to relieve eructations f ! /oma*4 ,z long ago z ,bigel['s "t1 "s wond]ful effects are record$ ( ! use ( half a root 9 ! increase ( ! g5]al /r5g? & ! removal ( fatigue4 ,only ! o!r day a "y f>m] told me t ,g9s5g tea 0 a good ?+ to break up an acute cold & ,i ?9k y w f9d x us$ = rheumatism & sk9 diseases4 ,x und\bt$ly has "s effect on ! circulation1 p]haps ?ru its action on ! n]v\s sy/em & to ?is action is probably due its ascrib$ anti-spasmodic prop]ties4 ,! use ( ,g9s5g has l>gely increas$ )9 ! la/ few ye>s & sev]al favorable reports h be5 publi%$ 9 ! m$ical j\rnals4 ,"o physician1 ^: "n & m$ium ( publication ,i _c n[ recall1 speaks highly ( its anti-spasmodic action 9 reliev+ c]ta9 =ms ( hicc\gh4 ,if ?is is true1 x places x at once among ! important & p[]ful anti-spasmodics & sugge/s its use 9 o!r spasmodic & reflex n]v\s diseases z :oop+ c\gh1 a/hma1 etc4 ,i h practic$ m$ic9e = eight ye>s4 ,i sold my practice "o ye> ago & s9ce h devot$ my entire att5tion to ! cultivation ( ,g9s5g & exp]im5t+ ) ,g9s5g 9 diseases & am satisfi$ t x is all t ! ,*9ese claim = x2 &1 if ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 educat$ z to its use1 our supply w\ld be consum$ 9 our own c\ntry & x w\ld be a h>d bl[ to ! m$ical pr(ession4 ,x w\ld make too long an article = me to enum]ate ! cases t ,i h cur$2 b1 ,i ?9k x w suffice to say t ,i h cur$ e case :]e ,i h us$ x ) "o exception & t 0 a case ( consumption 9 its la/ /ages2 b ! lady & h] husb& bo? told me t x 0 ! only m$ic9e t %e took dur+ h] illness t did h] any good4 ,! good x did h] 0 by loos5+ h] c\gh2 %e c\ld give "o c\gh & expectorate f ! lungs )\t any ex]tion4 ,i believe x is ! be/ m$ic9e = consumption 9 its fir/ /ages & w probably cure4 ,i wi% ! read]s ( ,special ,crops to try x 9 _! own families--no diff]5ce :at ! disease is4 ,make a tea ( x4 ,a good way is to grate x 9 a nutmeg grat]4 ,grate :at w\ld make ab\t #ae gra9s1 or ab\t "o-f\r? to "o-half teaspoonful & add half a p9t or less ( boil+ wat]4 ,! dose to be tak5 at meal times & betwe5 meals4 ,9 a cold on ! lungs x w cure 9 two or ?ree days1 if c>e is tak5 & ! pati5t is n expos$4 ,my !ory is t disease comes f indige/ion directly or indirectly4 ,g9s5g is ! m$ic9e t w regulate ! dige/ion & cure ! disease no diff]5ce by :at "n x is call$2 if ! disease c be cur$4 ,g9s5g w cure x :]e no o!r drug w4 ,i w cite "o case2 a neighbor lady _h be5 treat$ by two diff]5t physicians = a ye> = a *ronic c\gh4 ,i gave h] "s ,g9s5g & told h] to make a tea ( x & take x at meal times & betwe5 meals2 9 two weeks ,i saw h] & %e told me t %e 0 cur$ & t %e nev] took any m$ic9e t did h] s mu* good1 say+ t x act$ z a mild ca?>tic & made h] feel good4 ,%e keeps ,g9s5g 9 h] h\se n[ all ! "t & takes a dose or two :5 %e does n feel well4 ,i am satisfi$ t wond]ful cures c be made ) ,g9s5g & am mak+ !m myself1 cur+ pati5ts t doctors h giv5 up2 & if h&l$ prop]ly our supply w n equal ! dem& at home 9 c\rse ( five or six ye>s1 ?us increas+ ! price4 99 99 99 ,at ! la/ annual meet+ ( ! ,mi*igan ,g9s5g ,association1 ,dr4 ,h4 ,s4 ,mc,master ( ,cass ,co4 pres5t$ a pap] on ! uses ( ?is plant1 :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,mi*igan ,f>m]4 ,he spoke 9 "p z foll[s3 ,g9s5g is a mild1 non-poison\s plant1 well adapt$ to dome/ic z well z pr(essional uses4 ,9 ?is respect x may be class$ ) su* h]bs z boneset1 oxbalm1 rhub>b & d&elion4 ,! m$ic9al qualities are kn[n to be a mild tonic1 /imulant1 n]v9e & /oma*ic4 ,x is especially a rem$y = ills incid5t to old age4 ,two well-kn[n prep>ations made--or said to be--f ,g9s5g root are on ! m>ket4 ,"o ( ^!1 call$ ,s5g1 has be5 = _m ye>s on druggi/s' %elves4 ,x is sometimes us$ = /oma* tr\bles & ) good results4 ,i ?9k x is n[ li/$ by ! lead+ drug h\ses4 ,ano!r call$ ',g9s5g ,tone' is a m rec5t prep>ation1 & is highly spok5 ( z a rem$y4 ,b = home or dome/ic use we w\ld sugge/ ! foll[+ me?ods ( prep>+ ?is drug3 #a/4 ,! simple/ prep>ation & "o =m]ly us$ to "s ext5t by ! pione]s ( our =e/ l&s1 is to dig1 wa% & eat ! gre5 root1 or to pluck & *ew ! gre5 leaves4 ,g9s5g1 l boneset1 aconite & lobelia1 has m$ic9al qualities 9 ! leaf4 ,to get ! be/ effect1 l any o!r m$ic9e x %\ld be tak5 regul>ly f ?ree to six times a day & 9 m$ic9al quantities4 ,9 us+ ! gre5 root we w\ld sugge/ z a dose a piece n l>g] ?an "o to two in*es ( a lead p5cil1 & ( gre5 leaves "o to ?ree leaflets4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 w\ld be pleasant] & bett] tak5 9 infusion ) a little milk & sweet5$ & us$ z a w>m dr9k z o!r teas are4 #bnd4 ,! next simple/ =m ( use is ! dri$ root c>ri$ 9 ! pocket1 & a portion z l>ge z a k]nel ( corn1 well *ew$1 may be tak5 e two or ?ree h\rs4 ,good results come f ?is mode ( us+1 & x is well kn[n t ! ,*9ese use mu* ( ! root 9 ?is way4 #c;d4 ,make a t9cture ( ! dri$ root1 or leaves4 ,! dri$ root %\ld be grat$ f9e1 !n ! root1 fib] or leaves1 sep>ately or toge!r1 may be put into a fruit j> & b>ely cov]$ ) equal p>ts ( alcohol & wat]4 ,if ! ,g9s5g swells1 add a little m alcohol & wat] to keep x cov]$4 ,screw top on to keep f evaporat+4 ,mac]ate 9 ?is way #aj to #ad days1 /ra9 (f & press all fluid out1 & y h a t9cture ( ,g9s5g4 ,! dose w\ld be #aj to #ae drops = adults4 ,put an ounce ( ?is t9cture 9 a six-ounce vial1 fill ! vial ) a simple elixir obta9$ at any drug /ore1 & y h an elixir ( ,g9s5g1 a pleasant m$ic9e to take4 ,! dose is "o teaspoonful ?ree or f\r times a day4 ,! t9cture may be comb9$ ) ! extract$ juice ( a ripe p9eapple = dige/ion1 or comb9$ ) o!r rem$ies = rheumatism or o!r maladies4 #d?4 ,la/ly ,i w m5tion ,g9s5g tea1 made f ! dry leaves or blossom umbels4 ,aft] ! b]ries are ga!r$1 select ! brighte/1 cleane/ leaves f mature plants4 ,dry !m sl[ly ab\t ! kit*5 /ove 9 ?ick bun*es1 turn+ & mix+ !m until q dry1 !n put away 9 pap] sacks4 ,tea f ^! leaves is /eep$ z y w\ld ord9>y teas1 & may be us$ ) cream & sug>4 ,x is excell5t = n]v\s indige/ion4 ,^! home prep>ations are efficaci\s 9 neuralgia1 rheumatism1 g\t1 irritation ( bron*i or lungs f cold1 ga/ro-ent]ic indige/ion1 weak he>t1 c]ebro-sp9al & o!r n]v\s affections1 & is especially adapt$ to ! treatm5t ( "y *ildr5 z well z ! ag$4 ,g9s5g is a hypnotic1 produc+ sleep1 an anodyne1 /imulant1 n]ve tonic & slightly laxative4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,g9s5g ,,9 ,,*9a4 ,) ! exception ( tea1 says ! ,pa9t1 ,oil & ,drug ,review1 ,g9s5g is ! mo/ celebrat$ plant 9 all ! ,ori5t4 ,x may well be call$ ! cure-all z ! ,*9ese h a wond]ful fai? 9 its curative & /r5g!n+ prop]ties1 & x has be5 appropriately call$ ! c9*ona ( ,*9a4 ,x is consid]$ to be a sov]eign cure = fev]s & weaknesses ( all k9ds1 & is1 inde$1 ! *ief & mo/ co/ly m$ic9e ( ! ,*9ese ,empire4 ,g9s5g is f\nd wild 9 ! m\nta9 =e/s ( ea/]n ,asia f ,nepa to ,man*uria4 ,x once grew 9 ,fuki51 ,kaighan & ,%ansi1 b 0 supplant$ by ! ,man*uria wild root4 ,! root is c>efully hunt$ = by ! ,man*us1 :o boa/ t ! we$s ( _! c\ntry are ! *oice drugs ( ! ,*9ese1 a boa/ :i* has mu* f\ndation 9 fact4 ,( ! ?irty-sev5 ports 9 ,*9a :]e ! imp]ial m>itime cu/oms are e/abli%$ to import ,g9s5g1 imports dur+ #aije 7 z foll[s3 ,%anghai1 #ajc1hjb p\nds2 ,wuhu1 #b1cgd2 ,kiuhiang1 #b1hjj2 ,hank[1 ,am]ican cl>ifi$1 #cd1hjj2 ,w5*au #i1ajj2 ,*ungk+1 ,am]ican cl>ifi$1 #f1bjj2 ,*efoo1 #hj1djh2 ,canton1 #ge1hjj1 & ,foo*[1 #ae1jjg4 ,! total importation at ^! ports = ! la/ f\r ye>s 73 #aijb1 #djg1jba p\nds2 #aijc1 #djd1jjj p\nds2 #aijd1 #cac1eih p\nds1 & #aije1 #cca1cha p\nds4 ,^! figures1 h[ev]1 by no means cov] all ! ,g9s5g ent]+ ,*9a1 z mu* ( x comes ?ru ! native cu/om h\ses1 :i* keep no tabulat$ data ( exports & imports1 & great quantities ( x are smuggl$ into ! c\ntry1 especially ov] ! ,korean b\nd>y l9e4 ,niu*wang is ! "o ,*9ese port :i* exports native ,g9s5g4 ,its exports = ! la/ f\r ye>s 71 respectively1 #bbh1jjj1 #bae1jjj1 #eg1jjj & #afj1ijj p\nds4 ,to give an accurate price = ,g9s5g w\ld be impossible1 s greatly does x diff] f ! v>iety ( ! root (f]$ to consum]s4 ,"s wild roots h be5 kn[n to realize _! weight 9 gold2 :ile ! cultivat$ v>iety c be pur*as$ f #e c5ts a p\nd up4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! pres5t av]age prices are1 = ! be/ ,g9s5g1 #ab4jj a p\nd2 = fair quality1 #f4ej1 & = ! ord9>y1 #ej c5ts to #a4jj4 ,japan s5ds to ,*9a ! *eape/ ,g9s5g1 a great deal ( :i* is us$ to adult]ate ! highe/ quality f ,korea4 ,9 values & quality ( ! root ! f\r pr9cipal produc+ c\ntries rank z foll[s3 ,man*uria1 ,korea1 ,am]ica & ,japan4 ,prices (t5 v>y 9 accordance ) ! me?od us$ 9 cl>ify+ ! root4 ,"s ,*9ese prov9ces pref] x :ite1 o!rs r$di% & /ill o!rs require x ( a yell[i% t+e4 ,! ,korean root is r$di% 9 color1 due1 "s say1 to ! f]rug9\s soil on :i* x gr[s1 &1 accord+ to o!rs1 to a peculi> process ( cl>ify+4 ,mo/ ( ! ,korean product goes to s\!rn ,*9a by way ( ,hongkong4 ,wild ,g9s5g1 f :atev] c\ntry1 always comm&s a bett] price ?an ! cultivat$ article1 *iefly because ( ,*9ese sup]/ition1 :i* pref]s root resembl+ man or "s grotesque creature to t ( ! regul> normal roots :i* cultivation naturally t5ds to produce4 ,*9ese druggi/s1 :5 que/ion$ z to ! real diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,man*uria wild & ! ,am]ican cultivat$ ,g9s5g root1 admit t ! diff]5ce 9 quality is mo/ly imag9>y1 al?o !re is a real diff]5ce 9 ! appe>ance ( ! roots4 ,b ! ,man*uria ,g9s5g comes f ! ,emp]or's "m c\ntry & f ! same soil :5ce sprang ! god ( heav5 & !re=e ! ,*9ese reg>d x z inf9itely m efficaci\s z a curative ag5t ?an any o!r ,g9s5g c\ld possibly be4 ,_m ass]t t ! future dem& = ,g9s5g w be a decreas+ "o1 f ! fact t its imag9>y prop]ties ( cur+ e disease on e>? w be dissipat$ 9 proportion to ! advance ( m$ical sci5ce4 ,!re c be no d\bt1 h[ev]1 t ,g9s5g does possess c]ta9 curative prop]ties & x c be safely ass]t$ t x w require _m g5]ations1 p]haps c5turies1 to %ake ! ,*9aman's fai? 9 8 my/]i\s "t-honor$ cure-all4 ,illu/ration3 ,root ,resembl+ ,human ,body4 ,am]ican ,g9s5g1 ( :i* l>ge quantities are annually export$ to ,*9a1 is class$1 z a rule1 ) hsiyang1 t is1 we/ ocean1 =eign or we/]n c\ntry ,g9s5g4 ,! imports ( ?is article at ,niu*wang = #aije am\nt$ 9 value to #d1fab gold4 ,! exports ( ,man*urian ,g9s5g ?ru ,niu*wang to ,*9ese ports = #aije aggregat$ 9 value #ahj1aii gold & = #aijd1 #bje1dca gold4 ,wild ,man*uria ,g9s5g is r>e1 ev5 9 ,man*uria1 & its e/imat$ valuation ranges at pres5t f #dej to #fjj gold a p\nd4 ,! total imports ( ,g9s5g into ,*9a = #aijd aggregat$ #bgg tons1 valu$ at #icb1agc4dd & = #aije to #a1ije tons1 valu$ at #a1dfj1bjf4ei4 ,! increas$ valuation ( ! imports ( la/ ye> emphasizes ! increas$ price ( ,g9s5g 9 ! ,*9ese m>ket4 ,hsiyang1 or ,am]ican ,g9s5g1 is m>ket$ 9 ,*9a l>gely ?ru ,hongkong & ,%anghai =eign commission h\ses4 ,importations ( ! ,am]ican product are increas+ 9 bulk ) ea* succe$+ ye>1 & ! bus9ess gives e indication ( becom+ a v l>ge "o 9 a %ort "t4 99 99 99 ,9 mo/ ( ! booklets & articles we h se5 on ,g9s5g1 ! writ]s quote exorbitant figures z to :at ! root sells = 9 ,*9a4 ,a good _m ( !m quote f reports receiv$ f ,u4 ,s4 ,consuls1 :o1 :5 !y give prices1 reckon on ,mexican doll>s :i* are only ab\t half ! value ( ours & "s ( !m g s f> z to quote retail prices = v small quantities ( extra quality root4 ,"s ( ! gr[]s & deal]s 9 ?is c\ntry1 !re=e1 imag9e t !y are n paid :at !y %\ld be = _! /ock & t !re is an enorm\s pr(it = ! m5 :o %ip to ,*9a4 ,su* is an entirely wrong idea & c be be/ prov5 by ! fact t dur+ ! pa/ c\ple ( ye>s ?ree ( ! lead+ export h\ses h gone out ( bus9ess1 ow+ to !re be+ no money 9 x4 ,we d n "k ( any bus9ess conduct$ on z small a p]c5tage pr(it z ,g9s5g4 ,frequ5tly prices paid 9 ?is c\ntry are 9 excess ( ! m>ket 9 ,*9a4 ,?is n only means a direct loss to ! export] on 8 goods b also ! co/ ( mak+ clean 7remov+ fibres1 sift+s & /ems7 %r9kage1 insurance & freight4 ,bus9ess is also conduct$ on diff]5t l9es f ye>s ago4 ,!n ! buy]s 9 ,*9a b\ght readily1 prices 7 l[] & m p c\ld af=d to use x4 ,today1 prices are tripl$ & :ile ! supply is small]1 ! dem& is v mu* less & ,*9ese buy]s make ! export]s c>ry x until !y really ne$ x1 9 a good _m cases buy+ root & n tak+ x = ?ree or f\r mon?s1 & consequ5tly keep+ ! export]s )\t _! money4 ,! exp5se ( c>ry+ ,g9s5g is also heavy ow+ to ! high rate ( int]e/1 :i* is #h & ov]4 ,! folly ( dep5d+ ^u ,u4 ,s4 ,consul reports is %[n 9 ! great diff]5ce 9 ! figures :i* !y s5d4 ,_m ( ^! m5 h b v little k ( bus9ess1 mo/ ( !m kn[+ m ab\t politics4 ,x is n likely t ?is class ( m5 w sp5d v mu* "t 9 inve/igat+ a subject ( ?is "*4 ,! m>ket "h = wild root s9ce ,june #a/ has be5 ! dulle/ we h ev] kn[n & ! same condition prevails 9 ,*9a4 ,we are glad to /ate t cultivat$ root is sell+ at mu* bett] prices ?an la/ ye>4 ,x is h>d to acc\nt = ! disfavor ) :i* x 0 reg>d$ a ye> ago 9 ,*9a1 & ! prejudice aga9/ x has be5 ov]come m rapidly ?an we expect$4 ,at ?is "t la/ ye> x 0 almo/ unsalable & we 7 buy+ z l[ z #c4jj to #d4jj p] p\nd4 ,_m h\ses decl9$ to buy at all4 ,n[ t ! prejudice aga9/ x has sort ( worn (f1 we look = a good m>ket & consid] ! outlook v favorable & w\ld advise p n to give up _! g>d5s 9 too great a hurry4 ,we make a specialty ( cultivat$ root & w be pleas$ to give in=mation z to h&l+1 dry+1 etc41 to any read] :o desires x4 ,we h be5 buy+ ,g9s5g = ov] ?irty ye>s4 ,belt1 ,butl] ,co4 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 ,consul-,g5]al ,amos ,p4 ,wild] ( ,hongkong1 9 response to num]\s ,am]ican inquiries z to ! trade 9 ,g9s5g1 ) especial ref]5ce to ! cultivat$ root1 prices & importations1 reports z foll[s3 ,! ,g9s5g bus9ess is l>gely 9 ! h&s ( ! ,*9ese1 ! firms at ,hongkong & ,canton hav+ ,am]ican connections4 7,! five lead+ ,hongkong ,*9ese firms 9 ! ,g9s5g import+ bus9ess are nam$ by ,mr4 ,wild]1 z also ! lead+ ,european import+ conc]n1 & all ! addresses are obta9able f ! ,bureau ( ,manufactur]s74 ,i am au?oriz$ to say t ,am]ican gr[]s may correspond ) ! ,european conc]n direct relative to l>ge direct %ipm5ts4 ,!y receive goods only on consignm5t & h "s =ty ye>s' /&+ 9 ?is indu/ry4 ,?is firm1 z d ! ,*9ese1 buys 9 bulk & di/ributes ?ru jobb]s to ! m$ic9e %ops1 :i* ab\nd 9 all ,*9ese communities4 ,! ,cantonese h pre/ige 9 clean+ & prep>+ ! root = m>ket4 ,la/ ye> ! be/ quality ( ,g9s5g br\ght f #b1jjj to #b1cjj ,mexican p] picul 7equal to #acc #a_/b p\nds71 b select$ roots h br\ght #b1djj to #b1eej4 ,x is e/imat$ "h t gr[]s %\ld net ab\t #g4be gold p] p\nd4 ,! buy+ price ( ,g9s5g is unc]ta94 ,!re be+ no /&>d1 no price c be fix$4 ,! ,am]ican-,*9ese %ipp]s h ! practice ( )hold+ ! ,g9s5g to accord ) ! dem& 9 ,*9a4 ,ow+ to failures among ,*9ese m]*ants s9ce ! w> & ! confusion 9 ,san ,francisco1 trade 9 ?is indu/ry has be5 slack & prices h fall5 (f4 ,if ! root is p]fect & unbrok5 x is pref]r$4 ,mu* /ress %\ld be laid on %ipp+ clean1 p]fect & attractive roots4 ,size1 weight & appe>ance are factors 9 secur+ be/ prices1 ! l>g] & heavi] ! root ! bett]4 ,:5 ! %ipm5t arrives ! import] invites jobb]s to inspect ! same4 ,! roots are import$ 9 air-tight casks 9 weight ( ab\t #ajj p\nds4 ,x is c]ta9 t !re are _m diff]5t qualities ( ,g9s5g & ! price is difficult to fix 7except on inspection 9 ,*9a74 ,z to wild & cultivat$ roots1 two or ?ree ye>s ago :5 cultivat$ ,g9s5g 0 new1 buy]s made no di/9ction & ! price rul$ ! same2 b hav+ le>n$ ( ! new indu/ry1 exp]ts "h assure me ! roots c readily be di/+ui%$4 ,!y say t ! wild root is d>k] 9 color & r\gh]4 ,! wild is pref]r$4 ,exp]ts n[ allege a prejudice aga9/ ! cultivat$ root1 affirm+ t ! wild root has a sweet] ta/e4 ,! cultivat$ roots be+ l>g] & heavi]1 !y fir/ e>n$ l>ge prices1 b are n[ at a disadvantage1 al?o m>ketable4 ,illu/ration3 ,wild ,g9s5g ,roots4 ,! cultivat$ is z yet b a small p]c5tage ( ! entire importations1 b is increas+4 ,sev5ty-five p] c5t ( all importations are 9 ! h&s ( ! ,*9ese4 ,small gr[]s 9 ,am]ica w d be/ to sell to ! collect+ buy]s 9 ,new ,york1 ,c9c9nati & o!r cities4 ,hongkong annual importations are n[ ab\t #ajj1jjj p\nds4 ,too _m mislead+ & conflict+ articles h be5 publi%$ on ! subject ( ,g9s5g culture 9 ,korea1 a true /atem5t ( ! facts may be ( int]e/4 ,we all "k ! ,korean ,g9s5g always comm&s a high price 9 ,*9a & ,i believe !re mu/ be a v good reason = x4 ,ei!r ! ,korean me?od ( cultivation1 cur+ or m>ket+ 0 sup]ior to ! ,am]ican me?od or c5turies ( exp]i5ce 9 its cultivation _h taught him a lesson & a secret we _h yet to le>n4 ,aft] consid]able correspond5ce ) p>ties 9 ,korea :i* gave me v little in=mation & to set my m9d at re/ on ^! que/ions1 ,i w5t to ,korea 9 #aijc = ! sole purpose ( obta9+ all ! in=mation possible on ,g9s5g culture accord+ to ,korean me?ods & also if possible to secure en\gh nurs]y /ock to plant a ,g9s5g g>d5 9 ,am]ica ) ! be/ ,korean /ock4 ,/range to say1 ev5 aft] ,i rea*$ ! city ( ,se\l1 ! capital ( ,korea1 ,i c\ld n obta9 any m reliable in=mation on ,g9s5g ?an ,i already knew be=e ,i left ,am]ica4 ,!y told me :]e ! great ,g9s5g di/rict 0 locat$1 t #dj1jjj cattys 7 pack$ ea* ye> = export1 etc41 b z to ! soil1 plant+1 cultivation1 irrigation1 %ad+1 cur+1 pack+1 etc41 !y knew no?+ t 0 reliable4 ,all ! ,am]ican p use sug> 9 "o =m or ano!r1 b h[ _m c\ld tell a p]son seek+ = reliable in=mation conc]n+ ! plant+ ( ! cane or sug> beet1 ( ! "* ( ! soil necess>y1 ( its cultivation & irrigation1 ! process ( ref9+1 pack+ & m>ket+1 etc4 ,comp>atively few1 inde$1 & s x is ) ! ,koreans on ! cultivation ( ,g9s5g4 ,!y all use x1 b1 l ! ,*9ese1 n "o 9 sev]al ?\s& ev] saw a ,g9s5g plant gr[+4 ,aft] consid]able delay ,i secur$ a compet5t int]pret]1 a cook1 & food supplies1 & />t$ f ,se\l = ! great ,g9s5g di/rict1 travel+ "p ( ! way by rail1 !n by sampan1 & f9ally rea*$ my de/9ation on ,korean ponies4 ,arriv+ at ! ,g9s5g c5t]1 ,i liv$ among ! ,g9s5g gr[]s f ! "t ! se$ crop rip5$ until ne>ly all ! five-ye>-old roots1 or old] ones1 7 dug up & deliv]$ to ! gov]nm5t at _! dry+ gr\nds1 :i* is ab\t f\r acres 9 ext5t4 ,?is comp\nd is enclos$ on ?ree sides by build+s f #ajj to #aej feet 9 l5g? & a uni=m wid? ( twelve feet & ! re/ ( ! comp\nd ) a high /one wall ) a gate1 :i* is closely gu>d$ by soldi]s arm$ ) guns4 ,ne> ! c5t] ( ?is comp\nd is a well :]e ! roots are wa%$ z soon z !y are receiv$4 ,!re is no entrance f ! outside to any ( ^! build+s4 ,e "o mu/ pass ! gu>ds at ! gate1 = ! build+s1 toge!r ) ! wall1 make a complete enclosure4 ,! ,g9s5g g>d5s are scatt]$ ov] consid]able t]ritory1 mo/ ( :i* is surr\nd$ by a high /one wall ab\t tw5ty or tw5ty-five miles 9 circumf]5ce1 simil> to ! great wall ( ,*9a1 & :i* _m ye>s ago 0 ! site ( "o ( ! anci5t capitals ( ,korea4 ,"p ( ! gr[]s make a specialty ( rais+ "o-ye>-old plants1 to supply ^? :o h suffici5t means to wait f\r ye>s m = ! roots to mature4 ,g5]ally1 speak+1 ! gr[] t produces ! comm]cial root raises b little if any "o-ye> roots4 ,all ,g9s5g g>d5s are regi/]$ z requir$ by law1 /at+ h[ _m kan 7a kan ( ,g9s5g is ! wid? ( ! b$1 ab\t #cj in*es & #e #a_/b feet long7 are "u cultivation1 s ! ,high ,gov]nm5t ,(ficial1 specially appo9t$ = ! ,g9s5g di/rict1 always kn[s h[ _m roots %\ld be available at h>ve/ "t & e gr[] mu/ sell 8 entire crop t is five ye>s old or ov] to ! gov]nm5t & 8 responsibility does n cease until he has deliv]$ 8 crop at ! gov]nm5t dry+ gr\nds4 ,8 roots are !n c>efully select$ & all t d n come up to a requir$ size are reject$ & deliv]$ back to ! gr[] & ^! he c ei!r dry = 8 own use or he c transplant !m & p]haps next ye> !y w come up to ! requir$ /&>d4 ,! ,koreans pay great att5tion to ! selection ( _! ,g9s5g se$4 ,no plant is all[$ to be> se$ t is less ?an f\r ye>s old & v little se$ is us$ f f\r-ye> plants4 ,ne>ly all ! se$ comes f five-ye>-old plants & a little f six-ye>-old4 ,only ! be/ & /ronge/ appe>+ plants are all[$ to be> se$1 & ev5 ^! v sp>+ly1 z "p ( ! se$ head is pick$ (f :ile 9 ! blossom & f :i* !y make a highly priz$ tea4 ,! se$ /em ( all o!r plants are p9*$ (f1 =c+ all ! /r5g?1 z well z m$ic9al prop]ties1 into ! root4 ,_m ( ! be/ gr[]s nev] all[ _! plants to be> se$1 & only ! requir$ am\nt ( se$ is rais$ ea* ye> to supply ! dem&4 ,aft] ! se$ is ga!r$1 x is grad$ by pass+ x ?ru a scre5 ( a c]ta9 size4 ,?is grad] is made l an old-fa%ion$ fl\r sieve1 only ! bottom is made ( a heavy oil pap] ) r\nd holes cut 9 x1 & all se$ t w pass ?ru ^! holes are de/roy$1 s only ! l>ge/ & be/ se$ are kept = plant+4 ,! soil :i* !y use = _! ,g9s5g g>d5 is a v poor dis9tegrate granite1 to :i* has be5 add$ leaf m\ld mo/ly f ! *e/nut oak1 9 ! proportion ( ?ree-eigh?s leaf m\ld to five-eigh?s granite4 ,! leaves are ga!r$ 9 ! spr+ & summ]1 dri$ 9 ! sun1 pulv]iz$ & spr9kl$ ) wat] to help decomposition4 ,?is is ! only f]tiliz] us$4 ,! b$s are rais$ ab\t eight in*es above ! level ( ! gr\nd & are c>efully edg$ ) slabs ( slate4 ,:at is call$ a hol+ bo>d is us$ to m>k ! places = ! se$4 ,x is made ( a bo>d z long z ! b$s are wide 7ab\t ?irty in*es7 & has ?ree r[s ( pegs #a_/b-;in* long & #a #a_/b in*es ap>t ea* way4 ,a se$ is plant$ 9 ea* hole & cov]$ by press+ ! soil d[n ) ! h&s4 ,ab\t #a_/d-;in* ( prep>$ soil is add$ to ! b$ & smoo!d ov]4 ,no o!r mul* is us$4 ,! roots are transplant$ ea* ye>1 sett+ !m a little f>!r ap>t ea* "t1 until at ! ?ird transplant+1 or at f\r ye>s old1 !y are #fx#f in*es ap>t1 & at ea* transplant+ ! am\nt ( leaf m\ld us$ 9 ! prep>$ soil is r$uc$4 7,note ! diff]5ce betwe5 ?is & ! ,am]ican me?od ( heavy f]tiliz+74 ,only g]m9at$ se$ is plant$ & ! "t = plant+ is regulat$ by ! ,korean ,cal5d> & n by ! wea!r & if at t "t x is at all cold1 ! b$s are imm$iately cov]$ ) "o or two ?ickness ( rice /raw ?at* & z soon z ! wea!r is suitable ?is ?at* is remov$ & ! %ade erect$4 ,ea* b$ is %ad$ sep>ately by sett+ a r[ ( small po/s 9 ! gr\nd #d feet high & #e #a_/b feet or #a kan ap>t1 on ! nor? side ( ea* b$ & on ! s\? side a simil> r[1 only ab\t #a foot high4 ,bamboo poles are securely la%$ to ^! po/s & !y 9 turn support ! cross pieces on :i* re/s ! ro( cov]+1 made ( re$s wov5 toge!r ) a v small /raw rope4 ,at ! "t ( ! summ] sol/ice1 ! ra9y season comes on1 s a ?ick cov]+ ( ?at* is spread ov] ! re$ cov]+1 :i* %$s ! ra9 into ! walks1 :ile ! back & front are enclos$ ) ru% bl9ds1 t on ! nor? side be+ rais$ or l[]$ accord+ to ! temp]ature4 ,if x is a v hot day ! bl9ds are l[]$ f ab\t #aj ,a4 ,m4 to #d ,p4 ,m41 leav+ ! b$s 9 almo/ d>kness4 ,! b$s are all protect$ f ! ra9 & are irrigat$ by spr9kl+ !m :5 ne$$4 ,at ! close ( ! gr[+ season1 aft] ! roots h gone dormant1 all t are n dug up are cov]$ ) a lay] ( soil #g or #h in*es ?ick4 ,all ! %ade is pull$ d[n except ! po/s & spread ov] ! soil & ! g>d5 is left ?us = ! w9t]1 & ! gr[] selects ano!r site to :i* he c move 8 plants 9 ! spr+1 & ea* ye> new soil is prep>$4 ,f ! "t ! roots are two ye>s old !re is ano!r add$ c>e4 ,!y are n[ wor? /eal+1 consequ5tly ! g>d5 has to be wat*$ day & night4 ,a wat* t[] ab\t #af feet high is erect$ & ! h&s take turn ab\t1 occupy+ x z a s5try4 ,ano!r man con/antly patrols ! g>d5 dur+ ! night4 ,! ,koreans are ! l>ge/ consum]s ( ,g9s5g 9 ! _w1 9 proportion to _! population1 & !y h c>efully cultivat$ x = c5turies ) ! "o p>ticul> object 9 view1 its m$ic9al prop]ties4 ,= quality always1 r ?an quantity4 ,!y sacrifice ev]y?+ else = a p[]ful m$ic9al root1 & !y surely gr[ x4 ,i h se5 "s rem>kable results f its use dur+ my /ay 9 ,korea4 ,say :at we may ab\t x1 b x plays a v important "p 9 ! life ( bo? ! ,korean & ! ,*9ese p4 ,d y wond] n[ t ! ,korean ,g9s5g always comm&s a high price8 ,if ! ,am]ican gr[]s _h foll[$ clos] along ! l9es ( ! ,korean gr[]s & aim$ = a high grade ( m$ic9al root1 ! m>ket = ,am]ican ,g9s5g w\ld n be :]e x is today4 ,t is1 ! cultivat$ ,g9s5g4 ,! ,am]ican gr[]s h x 9 _! own h&s to ei!r make a success or failure ( ,g9s5g culture1 b "o ?+ is c]ta91 heavy se$ be>+1 excessive f]tiliz+ & rapid dry+ w nev] produce a high /&>d ( ,g9s5g4 ,! pr9cipal m>ket ( ! _w is ours if we only rea* out = x ) t high /&>d & ma9ta9 x & especially s if we w unite toge!r & m>ket our product ?ru "o c5tral ag5cy controll$ by ! produc]s4 ,mr4 ,*9aman may sometimes be mi/ak5 z to :e!r ,g9s5g is wild or cultivat$4 ,he may also be mi/ak5 z to :e!r x comes f ,korea or ,*9a 7,i h se5 him make ?is mi/ake71 b let him once sample a lib]al dose ( x1 & he won't make any mi/ake z to :e!r x is good1 m$ium or bad4 99 99 99 ,! ,g9s5g ,trade4 ,! foll[+ article by ,mr4 ,burnett appe>$ 9 ! ,m9neapolis ,j\rnal la/ ,febru>y & %[s :at deal]s ?9k ( ! ,g9s5g indu/ry3 ,i wi% y w\ld give room = :at ,i h to say 9 reg>d to an article 9 y\r ,j\rnal la/ fall by our ex-,consul1 ,john ,goodn[4 ,"s ?+s he says are correct3 ,t ! dem& is bas$ entirely on sup]/ition2 t ! root has life-giv+ qualities2 & t ^? hav+ ! ne>e/ resemblance to human be+s are mo/ valuable4 ,t is q true4 ,i h se5 ! ,*9ese export]s' eyes dance :5 !y saw su* roots 9 a lot4 ,n[ = ! errors 9 :at he said4 ,he says ! trade is 9 ! h&s ( a syndicate & !y only h&le ,korean ,g9s5g4 ,possibly ?is syndicate tells ! ,*9ese retail m]*ants t to keep !m f boycott+ our ,am]ican ,g9s5g4 ,if s1 :y is x t ! wild root ?is fall has be5 at ready sale at #f4ge to #g4aj p] p\nd8 ,we1 :o buy x1 d n hold x & if we did n f9d a ready sale = x we w\ld soon cease to buy x4 ,!re has be5 m>ket$ 9 ,m9neapolis probably #ej1jjj wor? ?is ye> & 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates a million doll>s' wor?4 ,s y see 8 error3 =1 ei!r directly or indirectly1 x gets to ,*9a at good prices4 ,*9ese ,sup]/itions4 ,n[ 9 reg>d to ! cultivat$ root1 to %[ y\r read]s h[ ! value is bas$ on sup]/ition1 we w cite "o in/ance 9 our exp]i5ce4 ,we s5t our cl]k to a laundry :]e !re 7 a half doz5 ,cele/ials to sell "s nice cultivat$ root4 ,"s roots 7 manlike 9 %ape4 ,!y ta/$ x1 7 delight$ ) x & b\ght x readily & told him to br+ !m all he c\ld get1 z :at !y did n ne$ = _! own use !y w\ld %ip to _! export] 9 ,san ,francisco4 ,our man told !m he w\ld be ar\nd 9 "o week4 ,we s5t him aga9 9 j a week4 ,he said on 8 return !y look$ dagg]s at him & said1 ,we no wantee y\r cultivat$ root4 ,?is conv9c$ u !y _h %ipp$ x to ! ag5ts ( ! syndicate at ',frisco & receiv$ _! returns4 ,n[1 does ?is n %[ t ! dem& is all bas$ on sup]/ition8 ,x 0 v good until !y 7 in=m$ t x 0 cultivat$4 ,n[ y\r read]s may say1 h[ c !y di/+ui% betwe5 ! cultivat$ & ! wild8 ,i w tell y2 ! cultivat$ is usually mu* firm] & twice z heavy z ! wild & g5]ally mu* clean]4 ,!n mo/ ( ! cultivat$ has be5 rais$ f small1 wild roots dug f ! =e/s & 9 transplant+ !y h n tak5 pa9s to place ! tap root /raight 9 ! e>?4 ,?is causes x to be clumpy--t is1 n /raight l mo/ wild roots4 ,?is1 ) its solidity & cleanl9ess makes x easy to tell f ! wild roots4 ,illu/ration3 ,p5nsylvania ,gr[]'s ,g>d54 ,! ,cultivat$ ,plant4 ,n[ we h _h a numb] ( lots ( cultivat$ t we got full prices =4 ,!y 7 roots gr[n f se$s1 symmetrical 9 %ape1 n too l>ge1 n too clean & dug be=e !y became v solid4 ,my idea is1 if n all[$ to gr[ m ?an z l>ge z "o's f+]s1 :5 dry & dug imm$iately aft] ! se$s are ripe1 or ev5 be=e1 if se$s are n ne$$1 & n wa%$ too clean1 we c f9d sale = su*4 ,at pres5t ! ord9>y cultivat$ does n br+ q half ! price ( ! wild4 ,!re are "s :o buy t = ,am]ican use1 sev]al firms putt+ up ,g9s5g cures4 ,"s p1 l ! ,*9ese1 believe x has m]its1 b z ! dem& is limit$ ! price is l[4 ,t ! ,*9ese ?9k t ! root gr[n by nature has life-giv+ qualities & t cultivat$ has no virtues1 is c]ta94 ,! only way to d is to gr[ 9 natural woods soil 7manure ( any k9d mu/ be avoid$1 z x causes a rank gr[?7 dig & wa% x s !y c't tell ! diff]5ce4 ,"o ?+ is c]ta91 x's a h>dy plant1 al?o sl[ to get />t$1 & good money c be made at #b4jj to #c4jj a p\nd4 ,in/ead ( be+ h>d to gr[1 z _m p]sons ?9k1 x is v h>d to kill4 99 99 99 ,a belief among ! ,*9ese p is t ,g9s5g roots1 especially if ( peculi> %ape1 w cure practically all diseases ( m9d & body4 ,! ,*9ese are n giv5 to s5tim5t2 _! emotional nature is n highly develop$2 !y are said to be a p :o nei!r kiss nor cuss1 & _! physical s5sibilities are s dull t a ,*9aman c lie d[n on 8 back across 8 :eelb>r[ ) feet & head hang+ to ! gr\nd1 8 m\? wide op5 & full ( flies & sleep blissfully = h\rs "u ! hotte/ ,july sun4 ,!re is no?+ ab\t !m1 !re=e1 to sugge/ t !y possess ! lively imag9ation to make !m h fai? 9 a rem$y ) purely imag9>y virtues4 ,nev]!less1 among ^! p1 a plant n f\nd by any m$ical sci5ti/ to possess any curative p[]s is us$ almo/ univ]sally1 to cure e k9d ( ailm5t & has be5 s us$ = g5]ations4 ,intellig5t ,*9ese res5t ! imputation ( sup]/ition to _! p4 ,b ! fact rema9s t ! ,g9s5g roots are valu$ accord+ to ! peculi>ity ( _! %apes4 ,! ^w ,g9s5g is compos$ ( two ,*9ese words :i* mean man & plant1 & ! m ne>ly %ap$ l a man ! roots are1 ! m !y are valu$4 ,a root :i* is bifurcat$ & o!rwise %ap$ l a man1 may be sold z high z #aj4jj an ounce2 a rec5t secret>y ( ! ,*9ese ,legation expla9s ?is on ! gr\nd ( be+ valu$ z a curio2 b ! curio is f9ally made into a decoction & swall[$1 & ! swall[] evid5tly hopes t ! fanta/ic %ape ( ! root w make ! m$ic9e m pot5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,g9s5g--,,gov]nm5t ,,description1 ,,etc4 ,! foll[+ is f a bullet9 issu$ by ! ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture--,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry--& edit$ by ,alice ,h5kel3 ,panax ,qu9quefolium ,l4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,am]ican ,g9s5g1 sang1 r$-b]ry1 five-f+]s4 ,habitat & ,range--,g9s5g is a native ( ?is c\ntry1 its favorite haunts be+ ! ri*1 moi/ soil 9 h>dwood =e/s f ,ma9e to ,m9nesota s\?w>d to ! m\nta9s ( nor!rn ,georgia & ,arkansas4 ,= "s ye>s ,g9s5g has be5 cultivat$ 9 small areas f c5tral ,new ,york to ,miss\ri4 ,description ( ,plant--,g9s5g is an erect p]5nial plant gr[+ f #h to #ae in*es 9 height & be>+ ?ree leaves at ! summit1 ea* leaf consi/+ ( five ?91 /alk$ ovate leaflets1 long po9t$ at ! apex1 r\nd$ or n>r[ at ! base1 ! m>g9s too!d2 ! ?ree upp] leaflets are l>ge/ & ! two l[] ones small]4 ,f #f to #bj gre5i% yell[ fl[]s are produc$ 9 a clu/] dur+ ,july & ,augu/1 foll[$ lat] 9 ! season by bright crimson b]ries4 ,x belongs to ! ,g9s5g family 7,araliaceae47 ,description ( ,root--,g9s5g has a ?ick1 sp9dle-%ap$ root1 #b to #c in*es long or m1 & ab\t "o-half to #a in* 9 ?ickness1 (t5 bran*$1 ! outside prom95tly m>k$ ) circles or wr9kles4 ,! sp9dle-%ap$ root is simple at fir/1 b aft] ! second ye> x usually becomes =k$ or bran*$1 & x is ! bran*$ root1 especially if x resembles ! human =m1 t f9ds p>ticul> favor 9 ! eyes ( ! ,*9ese1 :o are ! pr9cipal consum]s ( ?is root4 ,illu/ration3 ,g9s5g 7,panax ,qu9quefolium74 ,g9s5g root has a ?ick1 pale yell[ :ite or br[ni% yell[ b>k1 prom95tly m>k$ ) transv]se wr9kles1 ! :ole root fle%y & some:at flexible4 ,if prop]ly dri$1 x is solid & firm4 ,g9s5g has a slight aromatic odor1 & ! ta/e is sweeti% & mucilag9\s4 ,collection & ,uses--,! prop] "t = digg+ ,g9s5g root is 9 autumn1 & x %\ld be c>efully wa%$1 sort$ & dri$4 ,if collect$ at any o!r season ( ! ye>1 x w %r9k m & n h ! f9e1 plump appe>ance ( ! fall dug root4 ,! ,national ,disp5satory conta9s an int]e/+ item conc]n+ ! collection ( ! root by ! ,indians4 ,!y ga!r ! root only aft] ! fruit has rip5$1 & x is said t !y b5d d[n ! /em ( rip5$ fruit be=e digg+ ! root1 cov]+ ! fruit ) e>?1 & ?us provid+ = future propagation4 ,! ,indians claim t a l>ge p]c5tage ( ! se$s treat$ 9 ?is way w g]m9ate4 ,al?o once (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia1 f #ahdj to #ahhj1 x is b little us$ m$ic9ally 9 ?is c\ntry except by ! ,*9ese resid5ts1 mo/ ( ! ,g9s5g produc$ 9 ?is c\ntry be+ export$ to ,*9a4 ,! ,*9ese reg>d ,g9s5g root z a panacea4 ,x is on acc\nt ( its comm]cial prom95ce t x is includ$ 9 ?is pap]4 ,cultivation--,!re is probably no plant t has become bett] kn[n1 at lea/ by "n1 dur+ ! pa/ t5 ye>s or m ?an ,g9s5g4 ,x has be5 h]ald$ f nor? to s\? & ea/ to we/ z a money-mak+ crop4 ,! prospective ,g9s5g gr[] mu/ n fail to be> 9 m9d1 h[ev]1 t f9ancial returns are by no means imm$iate4 ,special conditions & unusual c>e are requir$ 9 ,g9s5g cultivation1 diseases mu/ be cont5d$ )1 & a long p]iod ( wait+ is 9 /ore = him be=e he c realize on 8 crop4 ,ei!r roots or se$s may be plant$1 & ! be/ success ) ,g9s5g is obta9$ by foll[+ z closely z possible ! conditions ( its native habitat4 ,g9s5g ne$s a deep1 ri* soil1 & be+ a plant accu/om$ to ! %ade ( =e/ trees1 w require %ade1 :i* c be suppli$ by ! erection ( la? %$s ov] ! b$s4 ,a heavy mul* ( leaves or simil> well rott$ vegetable mat]ial %\ld be appli$ to ! b$s 9 autumn4 ,if roots are plant$1 !y are set 9 r[s ab\t #h in*es ap>t & #h in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,9 ?is way a m>ketable product w be obta9$ soon] ?an if gr[n f se$4 ,! se$ is s[n 9 spr+ or autumn 9 drills #f in*es ap>t & ab\t #b in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,! plants rema9 9 ! se$ b$ = two ye>s & are !n transplant$1 be+ set ab\t #h by #h in*es ap>t4 ,x requires f five to sev5 ye>s to obta9 a m>ketable crop f ! se$4 ,se$ int5d$ = s[+ %\ld n be all[$ to dry out1 z ?is is suppos$ to de/roy its vitality4 ,price--,! price ( wild ,g9s5g roots ranges f #e4jj a p\nd upw>d4 ,! cultivat$ root g5]ally br+s a l[] price ?an ! wild root1 & s\!rn ,g9s5g roots are wor? less ?an ^? f nor!rn localities4 ,exports--,! exports ( ,g9s5g = ! ye> end$ ,june #cj1 #aijf1 am\nt$ to #afj1idi p\nds1 valu$ at #a1age1hdd4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,mi*igan ,,m9t ,,f>m4 ,v few p "k t ! l>ge/ ,m9t f>m 9 ! _w is own$ & op]at$ by an unassum+ ,mi*igan man nam$ ,a4 ,m4 ,todd1 says ,special ,crops4 ,8 c>e] is int]e/+4 ,born on a f>m ne> ,/4 ,joseph1 ,mi*41 he e>ly develop$ an idea t money 0 to be made 9 ! gr[+ ( ,pepp]m9t4 ,at t "t ! ,m9t oil indu/ry 0 small & 9 a /ate ( crud5ess 9 ,am]ica1 = ,europe 0 suppos$ to be ! /ronghold ( ! indu/ry4 ,to ,europe w5t ,mr4 ,todd to see ab\t x4 ,he return$ fill$ ) plans & en?usiasm4 ,"s ,details ( ! ,bus9ess4 ,! details are long1 b ! ma9 facts c be briefly told4 ,ev5tually1 :ile /ill a v "y man1 ,mr4 ,todd pur*as$ #a1djj acres ( wild1 swampy l& 9 ,allegan ,c\nty1 ,mi*4 ,! pur*ase price 0 #be1jjj4 ,he proce$$ to hire a =ce ( m5 to cle> & dit* ! new ,m9t f>m4 ,t 0 #bj or m ye>s ago4 ,n[1 let u take a look at t f>m z x is today4 ,fir/ we come to ! ma9 f>m1 call$ ,campania1 & compris+ j #a1fdj acres4 ,"h are huge b>ns1 com=table h\ses = employ] & employees1 w>eh\ses1 ice h\ses1 w9dmills1 libr>y1 club rooms & ba?rooms = use ( employes2 #ag miles ( wide1 deep1 op5 dra9age dit*es2 /ills = di/ill+ ,pepp]m9t oil2 roadways1 telephones & all ! sy/em & com=t ( a little village f\nd$ & ma9ta9$ by "o ?\ghtful man4 ,n f> away is a second f>m1 rec5tly pur*as$ :]e some:at simil> improvem5ts are n[ go+ on4 ,?is f>m is nam$ ,m5?a1 & consi/s ( #b1jjj acres4 ,!n1 f>!r nor?1 a ?ird f>m completes ! ,todd doma94 ,?is place conta9s #g1jjj acres & is kn[n z ,sylvania ,range4 ,! ?ree f>ms1 ) a total acreage ( #aj1fdj acres1 are "u "o managem5t & !y =m toge!r ! l>ge/ ,m9t f>m 9 all ! _w4 ,/>t+ ) #ajj4jj capital1 ,mr4 ,todd's plant today is wor? sev]al hundr$ ?\s& doll>s4 ,di/ill] z ,well z ,gr[]4 ,b ,mr4 ,todd is m ?an a ,m9t gr[]4 ,) 8 di/ill]ies he turns ! crop into crude ,pepp]m9t oil2 ) 8 ref9]ies he turns ! crude oil into ! ref9$ products t f9d a ready m>ket 9 ! =m ( m5?ol1 or z a flavor+ ess5ce = dr9ks1 confection]y & *ew+ gum1 or = use 9 m$ic9e4 ,fur!rmore1 he has be5 %rewd en\gh to figure out a me?od ( utiliz+1 pr(itably1 ! by-products ( ! bus9ess1 ,m9t hay4 ,9 o!r words1 aft] ! oil is extract$ f a mass ( ,m9t plants 9 a di/ill]y vat1 ! result+ cake ( leaves & /ems is dri$ & f$ to cattle4 ,&1 oddly en\gh1 ! animals greatly reli% x & ?rive ^u x4 ,raises ,%or?orns on ,m9t ,hay4 ,dur+ ! summ] ,mr4 ,todd has #ejj ,%or?orns graz+ on 8 #gjjj-;acre range1 :]e !y require no human att5tion dur+ ! season :5 8 m5 are busy plant+1 cultivat+ & h>ve/+ ! fir/ crop4 ,lat]1 ^! same ,%or?orns are driv5 f pa/ure to ! big ,campania b>ns1 :]e ! m5 c>e = !m & fe$ !m ,m9t hay f ,mr4 ,todd's di/ill]ies at a season :5 su* workm5 h little else to d4 ,9 ?is way ! by-product is utiliz$ & ! regul> =ce ( m5 is kept employ$ all ! ye> ar\nd4 ,! gr[+ ( ,m9t is simple1 yet !re are "s peculi> features ab\t x4 ,= in/ance1 ! l& is s %aky at "s seasons ( ! ye> t horses c n "w on x unless !y we> special1 broad wood5 %oes4 ,?is ,m9t soil1 inde$1 is some?+ l ! muck f\nd 9 typical cel]y fields1 be+ black1 damp & loose4 ,b x is less firm & m damp ?an ! cel]y l& at ,kalamazoo4 ,sett+ ,new ,m9t ,fields4 ,! ,m9t root is p]5nial4 ,once 9 two or ?ree ye>s1 h[ev]1 ! fields are r5ew$ to improve ! crop4 ,:5 sett+ a new field ! l& is pl[$ & h>r[$ 9 ! usual way4 ,x is !n m>k$ out 9 %all[ furr[s into :i* ! sets are ev5ly dropp$ by skill$ plant]s :o cov] ea* dropp$ root by %ovel+ dirt ov] x ) ! foot4 ,! r[s are ab\t #b #a_/b feet ap>t & ! plant+ is done 9 e>ly spr+4 ,! sets are obta9$ by digg+ up & sep>at+ ! runn]s & roots f old plants4 ,! plant$ r[s soon s5d up %oots above gr\nd & ! new plants rapidly run or spread1 necessitat+ hoe+ & cultivat+ only until late ,july1 at :i* "t ! field %\ld be d5sely cov]$ ) a rank gr[? ( wav+ gre5 plants t =bid fur!r cultural "w4 ,h>ve/+ ! ,m9t4 ,9 ,augu/ or ,septemb] ! field is m[$1 rak$ & bun*$2 9 fact1 h&l$ q simil>ly to a clov] hay field4 ,aft] all[+ ! plants to dry a %ort "t1 ! crop is load$ onto hay wagons & c>t$ to ! /ills1 :]e ! ess5tial oil is extract$ by means ( a sy/em ( /eam di/illation4 ,! second ye>'s crop is obta9$ by ! simple me?od ( pl[+ "u ! plants 9 ! fall4 ,! roots s5d up new %oots next season1 :ile we$s are tempor>ily disc\rag$4 ,no cultivation is attempt$ ! second ye>1 al?o ! h& pull+ ( we$s may sometimes prove desirable4 ,we ?9k ! gr[+ ( ,m9t %\ld n be attempt$ except on a l>ge scale4 ,we h _h _m qu]ies t\*+ ! plant & mann] ( cultivation t we h tak5 ?is means to answ] !m4 ,9 boyhood days we 7 well acqua9t$ ) ?is indu/ry 9 all its bran*es & c n advise ! av]age ,g9s5g gr[] to und]take its culture = ! reason t !re is n money en\gh 9 x to be pr(itable on small areas ( l&4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,miscellane\s ,,in=mation4 ,rememb]1 unless ?or\ghly dri$ roots1 h]bs1 leaves1 b>ks1 fl[]s & se$s are apt to heat or mold :i* greatly less5s _! value4 ,if badly mold$ !y are ( little value4 ,! be/ "t to collect b>ks is 9 ! spr+ 7:5 ! sap is up7 z x w peel easi] at t "t4 ,"s b>ks mu/ be ross$1 t is1 remove ! out] or r\gh woody "p4 ,9 ?is class are su* b>ks z :ite p9e1 wild *]ry1 etc4 ,leaves & h]bs %\ld only be ga!r$ :5 ! plant is mature-gr[n4 ,9 cur+ !y %\ld be kept f ! sun z too rapid cur+ t5ds to draw ! natural color & ?is %\ld be pres]v$ z mu* z possible4 ,fl[]s %\ld be ga!r$ 9 ! height ( bloom1 = be/ results4 ,!y require consid]able att5tion to pres]ve z !y are apt to turn d>k or mold4 ,! "t to ga!r se$s is :5 !y are ripe4 ,?is c easily be det]m9$ by ! leaves on ! plant1 v9e or %rub :i* produc$ ! se$s4 ,g5]ally speak+1 se$s are n ripe until e>ly fall1 al?o "s are4 ,!re has be5 a heavy dem& = ye>s = wild *]ry b>k1 sassafras b>k1 black haw b>k1 prickly a% b>k1 slipp]y elm b>k1 cotton root b>k z well z scullcap plants1 7h]bs7 lobelia h]b1 gold5 ?read h]b & r$ clov] tops4 ,!re has be5 a ca% m>ket = ye>s = ! foll[+ roots3 ,blood1 s5ega1 gold5 seal1 poke1 p9k1 wild g+]1 />1 lady slipp]1 black1 m&rake1 blue flag & que5's delight4 ,if y h a few p\nds ( ,g9s5g or ,gold5 ,seal1 pack c>efully 9 a light box & %ip by express4 ,if less ?an f\r p\nds1 y c s5d by mail--po/age is only "o c5t an ounce4 ,a f\r-p\nd package by mail c be s5t any:]e 9 ,am]ica = #fd c5ts4 ,expressage1 unless %ort di/ances1 is apt to be m4 ,illu/ration3 ,lady ,slipp]4 ,9 %ipp+ roots1 h]bs1 leaves1 se$s1 etc41 :]e ! value is only a few c5ts p] p\nd x is be/ to collect #ej p\nds or m be=e mak+ a %ipm5t4 ,9 fact1 #ajj p\nds by freight co/s no m ?an #aj1 #bj1 #ej or any am\nt less ?an #ajj z #ajj p\nds is ! smalle/ *>ge4 ,"s ( ! bigge/ li>s 9 ,am]ica seem to be connect$ ) ! s5g gr[+ bus9ess4 ,!y probably h se$ or plants to sell4 ,be c>eful 9 buy+--!re are _m rascals 9 ! bus9ess4 ,!re is always a ca% m>ket = ,g9s5g & ,gold5 ,seal4 ,9 ! l>ge cities l ,new ,york1 ,*icago1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,m9neapolis1 ,montreal1 ,c9c9nati1 etc41 are deal]s :o make a special bus9ess ( buy+ ^! roots4 ,9 hundr$s ( small] cities & t[ns druggi/s1 m]*ants1 raw fur deal]s1 etc41 buy !m also4 ,! roots1 b>ks1 leaves1 etc41 ( less value are also b\ght pretty g5]ally by ! above deal]s1 b if y are unable to f9d a m>ket = !m x w pay y to s5d #aj c5ts = copy ( ,hunt]-,trad]-,trapp]1 ,columbus1 ,ohio1 :i* conta9s a l>ge numb] ( root buy]s' adv]tisem5ts z well z sev]al :o want b>k1 leaves1 se$s1 fl[]s1 h]bs1 etc4 ,s9ce #aheh ,g9s5g has increas$ 9 value "o ?\s& f\r hundr$ p] c5t41 b ,gold5 ,seal has increas$ 9 value 9 ! same "t two ?\s& f\r hundr$ p] c5t4 ,g9s5g & ,gold5 ,seal %\ld be pack$ tightly--light b /rong boxes & %ipp$ by express4 ,! less valuable roots c be %ipp$ 9 burlap sacks1 boxes1 b>rels1 etc41 by freight4 ,! v>i\s roots1 b>ks1 leaves1 plants1 etc41 z describ$ 9 ?is book are f\nd ?ru\t ,am]ica4 ,( c\rse !re is no /ate :]e all gr[ wild1 b !re are _m sections :]e sev]al d4 ,aft] read+ ?is book c>efully y w no d\bt be able to di/+ui% ^? ( value4 ,plants are ( ?ree classes--annuals1 bi5nials1 p]5nials4 ,annuals gr[ f se$ to maturity 9 "o ye> & die2 bi5nials d n fl[] or produce se$ ! fir/ ye>1 b d ! second & die2 p]5nials are plants :i* live m ?an two ye>s4 ,g9s5g plants are p]5nial4 ,roots1 leaves1 b>ks1 etc41 %\ld be spread out ?9 9 "s dry1 %ady place4 ,a b>n floor or l(t 9 "s %$ is a good place1 provid+ x is light & airy1 al?o ! direct sunlight %\ld n %9e ^u ! articles be+ cur$4 ,wat* :ile cur+ & turn or /ir ea* day4 ,prices giv5 = roots1 plants1 leaves1 etc41 7 ^? paid by deal]s dur+ #aijg unless o!rwise specifi$4 ,^! prices1 ( c\rse1 7 paid 9 ! lead+ m>kets = fair siz$ lots4 ,if y h only a few p\nds or sold at "s local m>ket ! price receiv$ 0 probably mu* less4 ,! dem& = ! v>i\s articles v>ies &1 ( c\rse1 ?is influ5ces prices--:5 an article is 9 dem& prices are be/4 ,aft] /udy+ ! habitat & range ( ! v>i\s plants z publi%$ toge!r ) ! illu/rations1 !re %\ld be no difficulty 9 det]m9+ ! v>i\s plants4 ,by habitat is meant ! natural abode1 "* ( soil1 etc41 9 :i* ! plant ?rives be/ & is f\nd gr[+ wild4 ,to illu/rate3 ,s5eca ,snak]oot--habitat & range--rocky woods & hillsides are its favorite haunts4 ,x is f\nd 9 su* places f ,new ,brunswick1 ,canada & ,we/]n ,new ,engl& ,/ates to ,m9nesota & ! ,canadian ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 & s\? along ! ,allegh5y ,m\nta9s to ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,miss\ri4 ,f ?is x w be se5 t x is useless to look = ?is plant 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 on ! pla9s or 9 old cultivat$ fields1 = su* places are n its natural home4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,gold5 ,,seal ,,cultivation4 ,i le>n$ :5 a boy1 by actual exp]i5ce1 t ,gold5 ,seal & ,g9s5g w n gr[ 9 op5 cultivat$ fields or g>d5s4 ,i tri$ x fai?fully4 ,! soil mu/ be virg91 or made practically s by ! application ( actual new l& 9 su* quantities t to prep>e an acre = ! prop] gr[? ( ^! plants w\ld be almo/ impossible4 ,& to furni% & keep 9 repair artificial %ade =1 say1 an acre1 w\ld co/ q a little =tune4 ,( c\rse "o may cultivate a few hundr$ or few ?\s& 9 artificially prep>$ b$s & %ad$ by artificial means1 b to raise ^! plants successfully 9 any?+ l l>ge quantities we mu/ let nature h]self prep>e ! b$s & ! %ade4 ,:5 we foll[ nature closely we w n be tr\bl$ ) diseases1 su* z blight & fungus4 ,i "k ?is by actual exp]i5ce de>1 & !re=e de> to me4 ,plants propagate !mselves naturally by se$age1 root suck]s1 & by root =mation ^u ! tips ( p5dul\s b\ghs com+ 9 contact ) ! gr\nd4 ,man propagates !m artificially 9 v>i\s ways1 z by lay]+1 cutt+s1 graft+ or budd+1 9 all ( :i* he mu/ foll[ nature4 ,! ,gold5 ,seal plant is readily propagat$ by any ( ! ?ree foll[+ me?ods3 7#a7 by se$2 7#b7 by division ( ! l>ge roots2 7#c7 by suck]s1 or small plants :i* =m on ! l>ge fibr\s roots4 ,! se$ b]ries %\ld be ga!r$ z soon z ripe1 & ma%$ into a pulp1 & left alone a day or two 9 a vessel1 !n wa%$ out c>efully & ! se$ /or$ 9 boxes ( s&y loam on lay]s ( rock moss1 ! moss turn$ bottom side up & ! se$ scatt]$ ?ickly ov] x1 !n cov] ) ab\t "o-half in* ( s&y loam1 !n place ano!r lay] ( moss & se$1 until y h f\r or five lay]s 9 a box4 ,! box may be ( any conv5i5t size4 ,! bottom ( ! box %\ld be p]=at$ ) aug] holes to secure good dra9age4 ,if wat] be all[$ to /& ^u ! se$s !y w n g]m9ate1 nei!r w !y g]m9ate if !y become dry4 ,! se$s %\ld be kept moi/ b n wet4 ,!y may be s[n 9 ! fall1 b1 ,i ?9k ! bett] way1 by f>1 is to keep y\r box ( se$s 9 a cell> :]e !y w n freeze until ! latt] "p ( w9t] or v e>ly spr+4 ,if y\r se$s h be5 prop]ly /ratifi$ & prop]ly kept y w f9d by ! middle ( ,janu>y t ea* little black se$ has bur/ op5 & is we>+ a beautiful %9+ gold5 ve/4 ,9 fact1 x is beg9n+ to g]m9ate1 & ! soon] x is put into ! se$-b$ ! bett]4 ,if left too long 9 ! box y w f9d1 to y\r displeasure1 a mass ( tangl$ gold5 ?read-l rootlets & leaflets1 a total loss4 ,to prep>e a se$-b$1 simply rake (f ! =e/ leaves f a spot ( gr\nd :]e ! soil is ri* & loamy1 !n ) y\r rake make a %all[ b$1 scatt] ! se$s ov] x1 broadca/1 be+ c>eful n to s[ !m too ?ick4 ,firm ! e>? ^u !m ) ! back ( ! hoe or tramp !m ) ! feet4 ,?is b$ %\ld n be ne> a l>ge tree ( any k9d1 & %\ld be protect$ f ! sun1 especially f noon to #c ,p4 ,m4 ,! ,gold5 ,seal se$l+ has two r\nd se$ leaves ^u long /ems dur+ ! fir/ season ( its gr[?4 ,^! se$ leaves d n resemble ! leaves ( ! ,gold5 ,seal plant4 ,! second & usually ! ?ird ye>s ! plant has "o leaf4 ,^! se$l+s may be set 9 r[s 9 b$s = cultivation 9 ! e>ly spr+ ( ! second or ?ird ye>4 ,?is plant gr[s v sl[ly f se$ = ! fir/ two or ?ree ye>s1 aft] :i* ! gr[? is m satisfactory4 ,by ! second me?od1 i4 e41 by division ( ! l>ge roots1 simply cut ! roots up into pieces ab\t "o-f\r? in* long & /ratify 9 ! same way z recomm5d$ = se$s1 & by spr+ ea* piece w h develop$ a bud1 & w be ready to transplant into b$s = cultivation4 ,?is is a v satisfactory & a v successful me?od ( propagat+ ?is plant4 ,! plants gr[ (f /rong & robu/ f ! />t & soon become se$ be>+4 ,illu/ration3 ,"y ,gold5 ,seal ,plant 9 ,bloom4 ,by ! ?ird me?od we simply let nature d ! "w4 ,if ! plants are gr[+ 9 ri*1 loose1 loamy soil1 s ! fibr\s roots may easily run 9 e direction1 ! :ole b$ w soon be ?ickly set ) plants4 ,^! may be tak5 up & transplant$ or may be all[$ to gr[ & develop :]e !y are4 ,?is is ! me?od by :i* ,i propagate ne>ly all ( my plants4 ,x is a natural way & ! easie/ ( ! ?ree ways to practice4 ,z to ! prop] soil & location = a ,gold5 ,seal g>d5 ,i w\ld recomm5d a nor!rn or nor!a/]n exposure4 ,! soil %\ld be well dra9$ & capable ( a ?rifty gr[? ( decidu\s trees4 ,x %\ld conta9 an ample supply ( humus made ( leaf mold4 ,x w !n be naturally loose & adapt$ to ! gr[? ( ,gold5 ,seal4 ,cut out all und]gr[? & leave = %ade trees t w gr[ into value4 ,i am gr[+ locu/ trees = po/s 9 my ,gold5 ,seal g>d54 ,i d n ?9k fruit trees ( any k9d suitable = ?is purpose4 ,9 prep>+ ! gr\nd = plant+ simply dig a tr5* ) a mattock :]e y int5d to set a r[4 ,?is loos5s up ! soil & makes ! sett+ easy4 ,set ! plants 9 ?is r[ f\r to six in*es ap>t4 ,= conv5i5ce ,i make ! r[s up & d[n ! hill4 ,9 sett+ spread ! fibr\s roots out ea* way f ! l>ge ma9 root & cov] ) loose soil ab\t "o to two in*es deep1 firm+ ! soil ar\nd ! plant ) ! h&s4 ,be v c>eful n to put ! fibr\s roots 9 a wad d[n 9 a hole4 ,!y d n gr[ t way4 ,plants may be set any "t ?r\gh ! summ]1 spr+ or fall1 if ! wea!r he n too dry4 ,! tops w sometimes die d[n1 9 :i* case ! root w g5]ally s5d up a new top 9 a few days4 ,if x does n x w =m a bud & prep>e = gr[? ! next spr+4 ,! root seldom if ev] dies f transplant+4 ,i "k ( no plant t is sur] to gr[ :5 transplant$ ?an ,gold5 ,seal4 ,i make ! r[s "o foot to fifte5 in*es ap>t4 ,x does n matt] z x w soon fill ! spaces ) suck] plants any way4 ,! cultivation ( ,gold5 ,seal is v simple4 ,if y h a deep1 loose soil fill$ ) ! necess>y humus y\r "w w be to rid ! plot ( we$s1 & ea* fall add to ! fall ( =e/ leaves a mul* ( rott5 leaves4 ,d n set ! plants deep] ?an !y grew 9 a natural /ate1 say ab\t #a_/b to #c_/d in*4 ,spread ! fibr\s roots out 9 all directions & cov] ) leaf mold or "s f9e1 loamy new soil4 ,wat] if ! gr\nd be at all dry4 ,!n mul* ) old =e/ leaves t h begun to decay4 ,let ! mul* be ab\t ?ree or f\r in*es deep & held on by a few light bru%4 ,! w9d w\ld bl[ ! leaves away if n ?us held 9 place4 ,be c>eful1 h[ev]1 n to press ! leaves d[n ) weights4 ,illu/ration3 ,gold5 ,seal ,plants4 ,remove ! bru% 9 ! e>ly spr+1 b let ! leaves rema94 ,! plants w come up ?ru !m all "r4 ,?is plant gr[s be/ 9 a soil made up entirely ( decay$ vegetation1 su* z old leaf b$s & :]e old logs h rott$ & fall5 back to e>?4 ,if we$s or grass beg9 to gr[ 9 y\r b$s pull !m up be=e !y get a />t4 ,be c>eful to d ?is4 ,d n hoe or dig up ! soil any way1 ,! fibr\s roots spread out 9 all directions j "u ! mul*4 ,to dig ?is up w\ld v mu* injure ! plants4 ,i ?9k ! plants %\ld be set 9 r[s ab\t "o foot ap>t1 & ! plants ?ree or f\r in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,?is w\ld require ab\t #a1jjj plants to set "o squ>e rod4 ,my ,gold5 ,seal g>d5 is 9 a grove ( "y locu/ trees t are rapidly gr[+ into po/s & ca%4 ,! leaves drop d[n ^u my ,gold5 ,seal & mul* x suffici5tly4 ,! locu/ belongs to ! ,legum9\s family ( plants1 s :ile ! leaves furni% ! necess>y %ade !y dr9k 9 ! nitrog5 f ! atmosph]e & deposit great /ores ( x 9 ! soil4 ,?is makes ! soil por\s & loose & gives ! plant a v heal?y d>k gre5 appe>ance4 ,we h only to foll[ ! natural mann] ( ! gr[? ( ! ,gold5 ,seal to be successful 9 its culture4 ,select a piece ( slop+ l&1 s z to be well dra9$1 on ! nor? or nor!a/ side ( ! hill--virg9 soil if possible4 ,let ! soil be ri* & loamy1 full ( leaf mold & cov]$ ) rott+ leaves & vegetation4 ,?is is ! sort ( soil t ,gold5 ,seal gr[s 91 naturally4 ,x is h>d to fix up a piece ( gr\nd1 artificially1 z nature prep>es x1 = a wild plant to gr[ 94 ,s select a piece if possible t nature has prep>$ = y4 ,d n cle> y\r l&4 ,only cut away ! l>g] timb]4 ,leave ! small] /uff to gr[ & %ade y\r plants4 ,!re is no %ade t w equal a natural "o = ,g9s5g or ,gold5 ,seal4 ,n[1 take a g>d5 l9e & /ret* x up & d[n ! hill ! di/ance y want y\r b$ to be wide4 ,m>k ! place = ! r[ along ! l9e ) a mattock1 & dig up ! soil to loos5 x1 s z to set ! plants1 or1 r1 plant ! roots easily4 ,) a g>d5 dibble1 or "s o!r l tool make a place = ea* plant4 ,set ! plants #d to #f in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,! cr[n ( ! plant or bud %\ld be set ab\t #a in* b5ea? ! surface4 ,firm ! e>? ar\nd ! plant c>efully4 ,?is is an important po9t & %\ld be obs]v$ 9 sett+ any plant4 ,m plants are lo/ ea* ye> by c>elessly leav+ ! e>? loose ov] & ar\nd ! roots ?an f any o!r cause4 ,d n leave a tr5* 9 ! r[4 ,?is may />t a wa%4 ,let ! r[s be ab\t #a foot ap>t4 ,if l& is no item to y1 ! r[s may be fur!r ap>t4 ,!y w1 if prop]ly c>$ =1 9 a few ye>s1 by s5d+ up spr\ts f ! roots1 fill up ! end completely4 ,illu/ration3 ,?rifty ,gold5 ,seal ,plant4 ,:5 y h f9i%$ sett+ y\r b$1 cov] x ) a good mul* ( rott5 leaves f ! =e/ & ?r[ ^u !m "s bru% to keep ! w9d f bl[+ !m away4 ,by spr+ ! leaves w settle d[n compactly & y w be pleas$ to see y\r plants gr[ luxuri\sly4 ,octob] & ,novemb] are ! be/ mon?s ( ! ye> 9 :i* to set ,gold5 ,seal plants4 ,!y are1 also1 ! mon?s 9 :i* x %\ld be dug = ! m>ket4 ,x may be set 9 ! spr+ if ! plants are ne> by4 ,! roots w always gr[ if n all[$ to dry be=e transplant+4 ,if y\r b$ does n supply y ) plants fa/ en\gh by suck]+1 y may propagate plants by cutt+ ! roots into pieces ab\t "o-f\r? in* long1 leav+ z _m fibr\s roots on ea* piece z possible4 ,^! cutt+s %\ld be made 9 ,septemb] or ,octob] & plac$ 9 boxes ( s& ov] w9t]4 ,! boxes %\ld be kept 9 a cell> :]e !y w n freeze4 ,by spr+ ^! pieces w h develop$ a bud & be ready = transplant+1 :i* %\ld be done j z e>ly z ! fro/ leaves ! gr\nd s x c be work$4 ,all ! culture ne$$ by ?is plant is to mul* ! b$s ) =e/ leaves ea* fall & keep x cle> ( grass & field we$s4 ,wild we$s d n seem to injure x4 ,gold5 ,seal transplants easily & responds readily to prop] cultivation4 ,!re is no wit*craft 9 x4 ,! se$s rip5 9 a l>ge r$ b]ry 9 ,july to g]m9ate1 if plant$ at once1 ! next spr+4 ,! fibr\s roots1 if /ratifi$ 9 s& loam 9 ! autumn1 w produce f9e plants4 ,any good1 fre%1 loamy soil1 t is p>tially %ad$ w produce a good ,gold5 ,seal4 ,y want soil t is 9 good til?1 full ( humus & life1 & free f grasses & we$s4 ,x w /& a great deal m sunlight ?an ,g9s5g4 ,x w also produce a crop ( m>ketable roots mu* quick] ?an ,g9s5g4 ,!re is no dang] ( an ov] suppli$ m>ket1 z ! :ims ( a nation *ang+1 or ( a boycott ( a jeal\s p4 ,i h my little pat* ( ,gold5 ,seal t ,i am wat*+ & ) :i* ,i am exp]im5t+4 ,i want to say "r "h t y d n ne$ a l>ge capital to beg9 ! culture ( ^! plants t are today be+ exploit$ by diff]5t p>ties = cultivation4 ,j get a little plot ( virg9 soil1 say six y>ds long by "o y>d wide & divide x into two equal lots4 ,!n secure f ! woods or f "s "o :o has /ock to sell ab\t #ajj plants ( ea*1 !n cultivate or c>e = y\r apron g>d5 & increase y\r plantation f y\r b$s z y increase 9 wisdom & 9 ! k ( ! culture ( ^! plants4 ,! ,bible says ,despise n ! day ( small ?+s4 ,d n1 = y\r own sake1 inve/ a lot ( money 9 a ,s5g or ,seal plantation or take /ock 9 any exploit]'s s*eme to get ri* quick by ! culture ( ^! plants4 ,"s "o has writt5 a book entitl$ ,f>m+ by ,in*es4 ,x is a good book & %\ld be 9 e g>d5]'s libr>y4 ,n[1 if !re be any crops t w pay a big divid5d on ! inve/m5t f>m$ by in*es ,s5g & ,seal are ! crops4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,gold5 ,,seal1 ,,hi/ory1 ,,etc4 ,! increas+ use ( ,gold5 ,seal 9 m$ic9e has result$ 9 a wide dem& = in=mation ab\t ! plant1 its id5tification1 geographical di/ribution1 ! conditions "u :i* x gr[s1 me?ods ( collect+ & prep>+ ! rhizomes1 relations ( supply & dem&1 & ! possibilities ( its cultivation4 ,?is pap] ) ! exception ( ! "p relat+ to cultivation 0 prep>$ 7"u ! direction ( ,dr4 ,rodney ,h4 ,true1 ,physiologi/ 9 ,*>ge ( ,drug & ,m$ic9al ,plant ,inve/igations7 by ,miss ,alice ,h5kel1 ,assi/ant 9 ,drug & ,m$ic9al ,plant ,inve/igations2 & ,mr4 ,g4 ,fr$ ,klugh1 ,sci5tific ,assi/ant 9 ! same (fice1 9 *>ge ( ,cultural ,exp]im5ts 9 ! ,te/+ ,g>d5s1 furni%$ ! "p treat+ ( ! cultivation ( ?is plant4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( ?is pap]1 :i* 0 und]tak5 to meet ! dem& = in=mation relative to ,gold5 ,seal1 n[ fa/ disappe>+ f our =e/s1 _m facts h be5 obta9$ f ,lloyd's ,drugs & ,m$ic9es ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,ly/] ,h4 ,dewey1 ,act+ ,botani/4 ,(fice ( ,botanical ,inve/igations & ,exp]im5ts1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c1 ,sept4 #g1 #aijd4 ,hi/ory4 ,z 9 ! case ( _m o!r native m$ic9al plants1 ! e>ly settl]s le>n$ ( ! virtues ( ,gold5 ,seal ?ru ! ,am]ican ,indians1 :o us$ ! root z a m$ic9e & ! yell[ juice z a /a9 = _! faces & a dye = _! clo?+4 ,! ,indians reg>d$ ,gold5 ,seal z a specific = sore & inflam$ eyes & x 0 a v popul> rem$y ) pione]s ( ,ohio & ,k5tucky = ?is affliction1 z also = sore m\?1 ! root be+ *ew$ = ! relief ( ! la/ nam$ tr\ble4 ,b>ton 9 8 ,collection = an ,essay t[>ds a ,mat]ia ,m$ica ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #ahjd1 speaks ( ! use ( a spiritual infusion ( ! root ( ,gold5 ,seal z a tonic bitt]s 9 ! we/]n "p ( ,p5nsylvania & ! employm5t ( an infusion ( ! root 9 cold wat] z a wa% = inflammation ( ! eyes4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,c4 ,s4 ,raf9esque1 9 8 ,m$ical ,flora 9 #ahbi1 ! ,indians also employ$ ! juice or infusion = _m ext]nal compla9ts1 z a topic tonic & t "s ,indians employ x z a diuretic /imulant & es*>otic1 us+ ! p[d] = bli/]+ & ! infusion = ! dropsy4 ,he /ates fur!r t int]nally x is us$ z a bitt] tonic1 9 infusion or t9cture1 9 disord]s ( ! /oma*1 ! liv]1 etc4 ,x 0 n until ! dem& 0 creat$ = ,gold5 ,seal by ! eclectic s*ool ( practition]s1 ab\t #agdg1 t x became an article ( comm]ce1 & 9 #ahfj ! root 0 made (ficial 9 ! ,ph>macopoeia ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* place x has held to ! pres5t "t4 ,habitat & ,range4 ,gold5 ,seal occurs 9 pat*es 9 high op5 woods :]e !re is pl5ty ( leaf mold1 & usually on hillsides or bluffs af=d+ nature dra9age1 b x is n f\nd 9 v moi/ or swampy situations1 9 prairie l&1 or 9 /]ile soil4 ,x is native f s\!rn ,new ,york to ,m9nesota & we/]n ,ont>io1 s\? to ,georgia & ,miss\ri1 asc5d+ to an altitude ( #b1ejj feet 9 ,virg9ia4 ,x is n[ becom+ sc>ce ?ru\t its range4 ,n all ( ?is region1 h[ev]1 produc$ ,gold5 ,seal 9 abundance4 ,ohio1 ,indiana1 ,k5tucky & ,we/ ,virg9ia h be5 ! greate/ ,gold5 ,seal produc+ /ates1 :ile 9 "s localities 9 s\!rn ,ill9ois1 s\!rn ,miss\ri1 nor!rn ,arkansas1 & c5tral & we/]n ,t5nessee ! plant1 ?o common1 c\ld n be said to be suffici5tly pl5tiful to furni% any l>ge am\nt ( ! root4 ,9 o!r portions ( its range x is sp>+ly di/ribut$4 ,common ,names4 ,_m common names h be5 appli$ to ?is plant 9 diff]5t localities1 mo/ ( !m be>+ "s ref]5ce to ! *>act]i/ic yell[ color ( ! root1 su* z yell[ root1 yell[ puccoon1 orange-root1 yell[ pa9t1 yell[ ,indian pa9t1 gold5 root1 ,indian dye1 curcuma1 wild curcuma1 wild tum]ic1 ,indian tum]ic1 jaundice root & yell[ eye2 o!r names are eyebalm1 eye-root & gr\nd raspb]ry4 ,yell[ root1 a popul> "n = x1 is mislead+1 z x has be5 appli$ to o!r plants also1 namely to gold ?read1 false bitt]sweet1 tw9leaf & ! yell[-wood4 ,! "n ,gold5 ,seal1 d]iv$ f its yell[ color & seal-l sc>s on ! root1 has be51 h[ev]1 g5]ally adopt$4 ,description ( ! ,plant4 ,x is a p]5nial plant & ! ?ick yell[ root/ock s5ds up an erect1 hairy /em ab\t a foot 9 height1 ar\nd ! base ( :i* are two or ?ree yell[i% scales4 ,! /ems1 z !y em]ge f ! gr\nd1 are b5t ov]1 ! tops /ill rema9+ und]gr\nd1 & sometimes ! /ems %[ "s di/ance above ! surface be=e ! tops are br\ght out f ! soil4 ,! yell[ color ( ! roots & scales ext5ds p>tly up ! /em s f> z x is cov]$ by soil1 :ile ! portion ( ! /em above ! gr\nd has a purpli% color4 ,gold5 seal has only two leaves 7r>ely ?ree71 ! /em be>+ ^! seem+ to =k at ! top1 "o bran* support+ a l>ge leaf & ! o!r a small] "o & a fl[]4 ,occasionally !re is a ?ird leaf1 mu* small] ?an ! o!r two & /emless4 ,! leaves are prom95tly ve9$ on ! l[] surface1 & are palmately #e to #i lob$1 ! lobes broad1 acute1 %>ply & unequally too!d4 ,! leaves are only p>tially develop$ at fl[]+ "t & are v mu* wr9kl$1 b !y cont9ue to exp& until !y are f #f to #h in*es 9 diamet]1 becom+ ?9n] 9 texture & smoo!r4 ,! upp] leaf subt5ds or encloses ! fl[] bud4 ,e>ly 9 spr+1 ab\t ,april or ,may1 ! fl[] appe>s1 b few ev] see x z x la/s only five or six days4 ,x is gre5i%-:ite1 less ?an half an in* 9 diamet]1 & has no petals1 b in/ead ?ree small petal-l sepals1 :i* fall away z soon z ! fl[] exp&s1 leav+ only ! /am5s--z _m z #dj or #ej--;9 ! c5t] ( :i* are ab\t a doz5 pi/ils1 :i* f9ally develop into a r\nd1 fle%y1 b]rylike head4 ,! fruit rip5s 9 ,july or ,augu/1 turn+ a bright r$ & resembl+ a l>ge raspb]ry1 :5ce ! common "n gr\nd raspb]ry1 is d]iv$4 ,ea* fruit conta9s f #aj to #bj small1 black1 %9+1 h>d se$s4 ,if ! season has be5 moi/1 ! plant sometimes p]si/s to ! beg9n+ ( w9t]1 b if x has be5 a dry season x dies soon aft] ! fruit is ripe1 s t by ! end ( ,septemb] no trace ( ! plant rema9s above ! gr\nd4 ,9 a pat* ( ,gold5 ,seal !re are always _m /]ile /ems1 simple & erect1 be>+ a solit>y leaf at ! apex b no fl[]4 ,mr4 ,hom] ,b[]s1 ( ,montgom]y c\nty1 ,ind41 :o propagat$ ,gold5 ,seal f ! se$ = ! purpose ( /udy+ its g]m9ation & gr[?1 /ates t ! plant gr[n f naturally s[n se$ (t5 escapes obs]vation dur+ ! fir/ ye> ( its exi/5ce ow+ to ! fact t 9 ?is entire p]iod no?+ b two r\nd se$ leaves are produc$ & at ?is /age ! plant does n look mat]ially diff]5t f o!r "y se$+s4 ,dur+ its second ye> f se$ "o basal leaf is s5t up1 foll[$ 9 ! ?ird ye> by ano!r small] leaf & ! fl[]4 ,description ( ! ,rhizome1 or ,root/ock4 ,! rhizome 7root/ock7 & rootlets ( ,gold5 ,seal1 or hydra/is1 z x is also kn[n 9 ! drug trade1 are ! p>ts employ$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,! full-gr[n rhizome1 :5 fre%1 is ( a bright yell[ color1 bo? int]nally & ext]nally1 ab\t #a #a_/b to #b #a_/b in*es 9 l5g?1 & f "o-f\r? to ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,fibr\s yell[ rootlets are produc$ f ! sides ( ! rhizome4 ,! fre% rhizome conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( yell[ juice1 & gives (f a rank1 nauseat+ odor4 ,:5 dry ! rhizome measures f "o to two in*es 9 l5g? & f "o-eigh? to "o-?ird ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,x is crook$1 knotty1 wr9kl$1 ( a dull br[n color outside1 & breaks ) a clean1 %ort1 res9\s fracture1 %[+ a lemon-yell[ color if ! root is n old4 ,if ! dri$ root is kept = a long "t x w be gre5i%-yell[ or br[n int]nally1 & becomes inf]ior 9 quality4 ,on ! upp] surface ( ! rhizome are sev]al depressions1 left by =m] annual /ems1 :i* resemble ! impr9t ( a seal2 h5ce ! "n ,gold5 ,seal4 ,! fibr\s rootlets become v wiry & brittle 9 dry+1 break (f readily & leav+ only small protub]ances1 s t ! root z f\nd 9 comm]ce is sometimes almo/ b>e4 ,! dri$ rhizome has also a peculi>1 some:at n>cotic1 disagreeable odor1 b n s pron\nc$ z 9 ! fre% mat]ial2 an exce$+ly bitt] ta/e2 & a p]si/5t acridity :i* causes an abundant fl[ ( saliva :5 ! rhizome is *ew$4 ,collection & ,prep>ation ( ! ,root4 ,! root %\ld be collect$ 9 autumn aft] ! plants h matur$4 ,spr+-dug root %r9ks f> m 9 dry+ & always comm&s a l[] price ?an ! fall-dug root4 ,aft] ! roots are remov$ f ! e>? !y %\ld be c>efully fre$ f soil & all =eign p>ticles4 ,!y %\ld !n be sort$ & small1 undevelop$ roots & brok5 pieces may be laid aside = replant+4 ,aft] ! roots h be5 clean$ & sort$ !y are ready to be dri$ or cur$4 ,great c>e & judgm5t are necess>y 9 dry+ ! roots4 ,x is absolutely necess>y t !y %\ld be p]fectly dry be=e pack+ & /or+1 z ! pres5ce ( moi/ure induces ! developm5t ( molds & mildews1 & ( c\rse r5d]s !m wor?less4 ,! roots are dri$ by ! exposure to ! air1 be+ spread out 9 ?9 lay]s on dry+ frames or ^u a l>ge1 clean1 dry floor4 ,!y %\ld be turn$ sev]al times dur+ ! day1 repeat+ ?is day aft] day until ! roots are ?or\ghly dri$4 ,if dri$ out ( doors !y %\ld be plac$ "u cov] ^u indication ( ra9 & at night s t !y may n be injur$ by dew4 ,aft] ! roots are ?or\ghly dri$ !y may be pack$ z tightly z possible 9 dry sacks or b>rels & !y are !n ready = %ipm5t4 ,dim9ution ( ,supply4 ,al?o1 p]haps1 9 "s seclud$ localities ,gold5 ,seal may /ill be f\nd r abundantly1 ! supply is rapidly dim9i%+ & !re is a gr[+ sc>city ( ! plant ?ru\t its range4 ,) ! advance ( civilization & increase 9 population came a gr[+ dem& = _m ( our native m$ic9al plants & a correspond+ decrease 9 ! s\rces ( supply4 ,z ! ri* =e/ l&s ( ! ,ohio valley & else:]e 7 requir$ = ! ne$s ( ! e>ly settl]s !y 7 cle>$ ( timb] & cultivat$1 & ! ,gold5 ,seal1 depriv$ ( ! %elt] & protection necess>y to its exi/5ce1 gradually disappe>$1 z x w n ?rive on l& t is cultivat$4 ,:]e x 0 n de/roy$ 9 ?is mann] ! root digg]s1 dilig5tly ply+ _! vocation1 did _! %>e t[>d ext]m9at+ ?is useful little plant1 :i* !y collect$ reg>dless ( ! season1 ei!r be=e ! plants _h made mu* gr[? 9 ! spr+ or be=e ! se$s _h matur$ & be5 dissem9at$1 ?us de/roy+ all means ( propagation4 ,! dem& = ! root appe>s to be increas+1 & ! "t seems to be n f> di/ant :5 ?is plant w h become practically ext]m9at$1 s f> z ! drug supply is conc]n$4 ,! cultivation ( gold5 seal seems n[ to h become a necessity 9 ord] to meet ! dem& & save ! plant f ext9ction4 ,prior to #aijj !re seem$ to be no "o1 s f> z ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture c\ld asc]ta91 :o _h ev] attempt$ ! cultivation ( gold5 seal = ! m>ket4 ,f t "t on1 _m inquiries 7 direct$ to ! ,dep>tm5t by p]sons :o 7 quick to note ! upw>d t5d5cy ( prices = gold5 seal & !re are n[ sev]al gr[]s 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry :o h und]tak5 ! cultivation ( gold5 seal on a comm]cial scale4 ,cultivation4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture has be5 c>ry+ on exp]im5ts 9 ! cultivation ( ,gold5 ,seal on a small scale at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 s9ce ! spr+ ( #ahii1 9 ! hope t me?ods might be work$ out accord+ to :i* ?is valuable wild drug plant c\ld be gr[n on a comm]cial scale4 ,9 ^! exp]im5ts ! aim has be5 to imitate ! natural conditions ( gr[? z closely z possible4 ,! results t h ?us f> be5 obta9$1 :ile n z complete 9 "s respects z w\ld be desirable1 seem to ju/ify ! conclusion t ,gold5 ,seal c be successfully cultivat$4 ,! me?ods ( op]ation describ$ apply to ! conditions at ,wa%+ton1 & ! treatm5t may ne$ to be some:at modifi$ "u o!r conditions ( soil & climate4 ,necess>y ,soil ,conditions4 ,! soil conditions %\ld imitate z closely z possible ^? se5 9 ?rifty decidu\s =e/4 ,! soil %\ld conta9 an ample supply ( humus1 well work$ into ! gr\nd1 to secure ! lightness & moi/ure-reta9+ prop]ty ( =e/ soils4 ,! be/ =m ( humus is probably leaf mold1 b good results may be obta9$ by mul*+ 9 ! autumn or e>ly w9t] ) leaves1 /raw1 /able manure1 or simil> mat]ials4 ,aft] ! soil has be5 prep>$ & plant$1 x is well to add a mul* 9 ! fall z a p>tial protection to ! roots dur+ ! w9t]1 & ! decay ( ?is mat]ial adds to ! value ( ! soil by ! "t ! plants appe> 9 ! spr+4 ,! =e/ conditions are ?us imitat$ by ! annual addition ( vegetable matt] to ! soil1 :i* by its gradual decay accumulates an increas+ dep? ( a soil ri* 9 mat]ials adapt$ to ! fe$+ ( ! plants & to ! pres]vation ( prop] physical conditions4 ,! gr[? ( ! we$s is also h9d]$ to a consid]able ext5t4 ,if suffici5t att5tion is giv5 to ! pres5ce ( ?is mul*1 ! nature ( ! und]ly+ soil is ( less importance ?an o!rwise4 ,9 ! case ( clay ! ?or\gh incorporation ( a l>ge am\nt ( decay$ vegetable matt] t5ds to give lightness to ! o!rwise heavy soil1 facilitat+ a]ation & dra9age4 ,s9ce ! roots ( ! ,gold5 ,seal d n gr[ well 9 a wet soil1 ?or\gh dra9age is necess>y4 ,a light]1 s&y soil is improv$ by ! addition ( humus1 s9ce its capacity to hold moi/ure is !reby increas$ & ! degree ( f]tility is improv$4 ,! loos] ! soil1 ! easi] x is to remove ! roots 9 digg+ )\t break+ or injur+ !m4 ,be=e plant+1 ! soil %\ld be ?or\ghly prep>$ to a dep? ( at lea/ #f or #h in*es1 s z to secure good a]ation & dra9age4 ,! good til? ?us secur$ w be 9 a degree pres]v$ by ! cont9u$ addition ( ! mul*4 ,a fur!r advantage ( a c>eful prep>ation is se5 9 a decrease 9 ! am\nt ( cultivation requir$ lat]4 ,artificial ,%ade4 ,s9ce ! ,gold5 ,seal gr[s naturally 9 ! woods1 x mu/ be protect$ f ! full light ( ! sun by artificial %ade4 ,t us$ 9 connection ) ! exp]im5ts ( ! ,dep>tm5t 0 made ( ord9>y p9e pla/]+ la?1 nail$ to a suitable frame elevat$ on po/s4 ,! po/s 7 ( c$> #h #a_/b feet long1 set #b #a_/b feet 9 ! gr\nd 9 r[s #aa feet ap>t1 & #af feet di/ance f ea* o!r 9 ! r[s4 ,supports #b by #d in*es 7 set on c$> blocks #b feet long sunk bel[ ! soil surface 9 ! middle ( ! #af-;foot spaces4 ,p9e pieces #b by #d in*es 7 nail$ edgewise to ! tops ( ! po/s & supports4 ,! po/s 7 not*$ to receive ! #b by #d-;in* /icks4 ,pieces #b by #d in*es 7 nail$ across ^! at int]vals ( #d feet4 ,! la?s 7 nail$ to ^!1 leav+ spaces ab\t an in* wide4 ,?is %ade has be5 f\nd to be satisfactory1 z x is high en\gh above ! gr\nd to all[ su* "w z is necess>y 9 prep>+ & cultivat+ ! l&4 ,if ! la?+ is ext5d$ #b or #c feet beyond ! po/s on ! sunny sides1 injury f ! sun's rays at ! edges ( ! area w be prev5t$4 ,! sides may be protect$ by portable bo>d walls ab\t #b feet high set ar\nd ! edges4 ,protection f injury by w9ds :5 ! tops are l>ge may be ?us secur$4 ,too mu* dampness %\ld be gu>d$ aga9/ 9 ! use ( ! bo>d sides1 s9ce conditions might be develop$ favorable to ! damp+ (f fungus & to aphides dur+ ! hot1 ra9y p]iods4 ,trees may be us$ = %ade1 b ?is is 9 "s ways to be reg>d$ z unsatisfactory4 ,:5 ! %ade produc$ is ( ! "r d5sity1 ! use ( ! moi/ure & raw food mat]ials ( ! soil by ! trees is an undesirable feature4 ,att5tion ,requir$4 ,! cultivation ( ,gold5 ,seal is simple4 ,hav+ secur$ a deep1 loose soil1 ri* 9 humus1 r5ew$ annually by ! application ( a new mul*1 ! removal ( we$s is ! *ief c>e4 ,! soil1 if prop]ly prep>$1 w t5d to ma9ta9 itself 9 good condition4 ,! mann] ( treatm5t is v simil> to t requir$ by ,g9s5g1 :i* is also a plant ( moi/ woods4 ,if ! gr\nd is ?or\ghly prep>$1 b$s are n absolutely necess>y4 ,! plants may be gr[n 9 r[s #a foot ap>t & #f in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,b$s may be ?\ght by "s to be m conv5i5t1 enabl+ ! gr[] to remove ! we$s & collect ! se$ m readily4 ,if b$s are us$1 !y may be made f #d to #h feet wide1 runn+ ! entire l5g? ( ! %ade1 ) walks f #ah in*es to #b feet wide betwe54 ,bo>ds #f or #h in*es wide are set up ar\nd ! sides ( ! b$s1 be+ held 9 place by /akes driv5 on ea* side ( ! bo>d 9 ! c5t] & at ! ends4 ,^! b$s are fill$ ) prep>$ soil1 & ! plants are set #h in*es ap>t ea* way4 ,me?ods ( ,propagation4 ,!re are ?ree possible ways ( propagat+ ! plant3 7#a7 by se$2 7#b7 by division ( ! rhizomes2 7#c7 by means ( small plants =m$ on ! /rong] fibr\s roots4 ,?us f> no success has be5 atta9$ 9 gr[+ ,gold5 ,seal f ! se$4 ,! second & ?ird me?ods h giv5 bett] results4 ,exp]im5ts ,) ,se$s4 ,se$s j aft] rip5+ 7 plant$ 9 s&y soil mix$ ) well rott$ /able manure & mul*$ lightly ) manure4 ,o!r lots 7 kept ov] w9t] 9 a dry condition & plant$ 9 ! spr+ 9 pott+ soil 9 a gre5h\se4 ,no se$l+s h appe>$1 b a long re/ p]iod may be dem&$ & ! se$ may yet g]m9ate4 ,exp]im5ts ,) ,divid$ ,rhizomes4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aijb1 #dj plants 7 secur$ & plant$ "u a %ade ( tempor>y "*1 b ! season 0 too f> advanc$ to p]mit ( mu* gr[? dur+ t ye>4 ,9 #aijc1 prop] %ade 0 suppli$1 all o!r conditions 7 bett]1 & ! plants made a good gr[?4 ,! crop 0 dug ab\t ! middle ( ,novemb] #aijc2 ! roots 7 weigh$ & divid$4 ,!y 7 aga9 plant$ & 9 ,may1 #aijd1 !re 7 f\nd to be #aej /rong plants & a few small] ones z a result ( ?is division1 an increase ( #bge p] c5t4 ,?is me?od ( propagation seems to be ! mo/ important & ! o!r two ( second importance4 ,! processes are simple & no skill is ne$$4 ,! plant dies d[n 9 late summ] & ! /em decays1 leav+ a sc> 9 its place on ! rhizome4 ,two or m buds are =m$ on ! sides ( ! rhizome & ^! accumulate en]gy = gr[? ! foll[+ spr+4 ,if ! root is cut 9 z _m pieces z !re are buds1 giv+ ea* plant a portion ( ! rhizome1 "s fibr\s roots1 & "o or m buds1 ! numb] ( ! plants c be d\bl$4 ,! roots are plant$ & mul*$ & ! process is complete4 ,! ra9s pack ! soil ar\nd ! roots & !y are ready to gr[ :5 spr+ comes4 ,! process may be repeat$ e ye> & ! numb] ( roots increas$ indef9itely4 ,! /rong] fibr\s roots ( ! l>g] plants dug 9 ! autumn ( #aijc 7 =m$ f a few in*es to a foot f ! rhizome4 ,"s 7 ab\t half an in* long1 b ! majority ( !m 7 small]4 ,! l>g] ones ne$ no special treatm5t & may be plant$ ) ! ma9 crop4 ,! small] ones %\ld be plant$ 9 boxes or b$s ( well prep>$ soil1 at a di/ance ( ab\t #c in*es ap>t1 mul*$ ) a ?9 coat+ ( leaf mold or simil> mat]ial1 & gr[n 9 %ade until l>ge en\gh to transplant to ! %elt] ) ! l>g] plants4 ,!y w probably require at lea/ ?ree ye>s to rea* _! full developm5t4 ,if !y c\ld be left undi/urb$ 9 ! b$s :]e !y are =m$ !y w\ld receive n\ri%m5t f ! old] rhizomes & p]haps gr[ fa/]1 b x is probably be/ to divide ! old] roots e ye> :]e propagation alone is desir$1 plant+ ! small] roots & ! plants made by division ( ! rhizomes4 ,! l>g] roots are m>ket$ to m advantage ?an ! small] ones1 s x is be/ to h ! surplus consi/ ( ! l>g] roots4 ,! frequ5t work+ ( ! soil all[$ by ?is treatm5t w keep x 9 bett] condition ?an if left undi/urb$ = a long] p]iod4 ,yield ( ,roots4 ,! yield f ! small plant gr[n by ! ,dep>tm5t 0 #d p\nds ( gre5 roots to an eigh? ( a squ>e rod ( soil1 or #e1abj p\nds p] acre4 ,?is1 :5 dri$1 w\ld give ab\t #a1ejj p\nds ( m>ketable roots4 ,! conditions 7 n v good1 ! %ade be+ too close to ! plants & ! plants be+ set too f> ap>t4 ,! yield w probably be l>g] ) ! %ade n[ 9 use4 ,! #aej roots obta9$ by divid+ ! above crop n[ occupy less ?an "o-f\r? ( a squ>e rod & are set 9 r[s "o foot ap>t & #f in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,"t ,necess>y to ,mature ,crop4 ,! numb] ( ye>s necess>y to produce ! l>ge/ crop has n be5 def9itely det]m9$1 b ! roots beg9 to decay aft] ! f\r? ye> & ! c5tral & l>ge/ "p ( ! root decays at ! olde/ sc>1 leav+ two or m plants 9 place ( ! old "o4 ,no advantage c be ga9$ by gr[+ ! plants m ?an ?ree ye>s & probably v little by gr[+ !m m ?an two ye>s4 ,= propagation alone1 "o ye> w give good results1 :ile = ma9ta9+ a con/ant area & produc+ a crop1 two or ?ree ye>s1 dep5d+ ^u ! gr[? made1 w give a good crop ( l>ge1 m>ketable roots4 ,m>ket ,conditions4 ,gold5 ,seal is a root ! price ( :i* has fluctuat$ widely1 because ( ! alt]nate ov]supply & sc>city1 manipulation ( ! m>ket1 lack ( dem&1 or o!r influ5ces4 ,high prices w cause ! digg]s to ga!r ! root 9 abundance1 ?us ov]/ock+ ! m>ket1 :i* ! next season results 9 l[] prices1 at :i* digg]s refuse to collect ! root1 ?us aga9 caus+ a %ortage 9 ! supply4 ,lack ( dem& usually br+s ab\t a %r9kage 9 price1 ev5 ?o ! supply is light1 :ile an active dem& w cause prices to advance 9 spite ( a pl5tiful supply4 ,! arrival ( spr+ dug root has a weak5+ effect on ! m>ket1 al?o ! fall dug root is always pref]r$4 ,= ! pa/ few ye>s1 h[ev]1 high prices h be5 /eadily ma9ta9$ & !re appe>s to be b "o cause = ?is & t is1 z already po9t$ out1 t ! =e/s no long] yield unlimit$ quantities ( ?is valuable root1 z 9 =m] ye>s1 & ! scant supply t c be _h is inadequate to meet ! con/antly increas+ dem&4 ,accord+ to ! m>ket reports conta9$ 9 ! ,oil1 ,pa9t & ,drug ,report]1 ! ye> #aijd op5$ ) a quotation ( #gd to #ge c5ts1 w soon advance 79 "o week e>ly 9 ,febru>y7 f #gf c5ts to #ie c5ts4 ,a /ill fur!r advance occurr$ ab\t ! end ( ,febru>y1 :5 ! price w5t up f #a4jj to #a4be p] p\nd4 ,9 ,m>* ! m>ket 0 almo/ de/itute ( supplies1 b lack ( int]e/ br\ght ! price d[n to #a4aj4 ,9 ,may ! price aga9 advanc$ to #a4be & x 0 /at$ t ! local supplies 7 be+ held by a small numb] ( deal]s1 al?o x 0 believ$ t toge!r !y held n m ?an #a1jjj p\nds4 ,ab\t ,june #a/ ! arrival ( spr+ dug roots caus$ ! m>ket to sag1 prices rang+ f #a4aj to #a4ah dur+ t mon? & 9 ,july f #ij c5ts to #a4aj4 ,9 ,augu/ ! l[e/ price 0 #a4ae & ! highe/ #a4ej1 no discrim9ation be+ made betwe5 ! fall dug & ! spr+ dug roots4 ,f ,septemb] #a/ to ,octob] #ae?1 #aijd1 ! price ( ,gold5 ,seal v>i$ b little1 #a4ce be+ ! l[e/ & #a4dj ! highe/ quotation4 ,no supplies wor? m5tion+ c be obta9$ 9 ! ,we/2 ! /ock 9 ,new ,york is %ort & ! dem&1 especially = export1 is increas+4 ,x is impossible to asc]ta9 ! exact annual consumption ( ,gold5 ,seal root1 b ! e/imates furni%$ by reliable deal]s place ^! figures at f #bjj1jjj to #cjj1jjj p\nds annually1 ab\t "o-t5? ( :i* is probably us$ = export4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! price ( ?is article is v s5sitive to m>ket conditions & x seems probable t ! po9t ( ov]production w\ld be easily rea*$ if a l>ge numb] ( ,gold5 ,seal gr[]s 7 to meet ) success 9 gr[+ l>ge areas ( ?is drug4 ,by ,alice ,h5kel1 ,assi/ant1 & ,g4 ,fr$ ,flugh1 ,sci5tific ,assi/ant1 ,drug & ,m$ic9al ,plant ,inve/igations4 ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,gr[]s' ,,lett]s4 ,consid]able has be5 said ! pa/ few ye>s conc]n+ ,hydra/is 7,gold5 ,seal7 & ,i d n wi% to ent] on a long article describ+ ?is plant1 b w make ! facts brief & n>rate "s ( my exp]i5ces ) ! plant "u cultivation4 ,! sci5tific "n is ,hydra/is ,c&5sis1 ! common "n ,gold5 ,seal1 yell[ root1 puccoon root1 ,indian tum]ic1 etc41 accord+ to ! section 9 :i* x is f\nd4 ,x is a p]5nial plant ) an annual /em same z ,g9s5g1 & appe>s above gr\nd 9 ! spr+ at ! same "t & mann]4 ,! /alk com+ ?ru ! gr\nd b5t & leaves fold$4 ,x has f "o to ?ree palmately five to n9e lob$ leaves1 unev5 & %>ply too!d4 ,! fruit or se$ gr[s f ! base ( "o ( ^! leaves4 ,fl[] is fir/ :iti% gre5 produc+ ! fruit r$ & resembl+ a /rawb]ry1 matur+ la/ ( ,july & ! fir/ ( ,augu/4 ,! b]ry conta9s f fifte5 to tw5ty small oval black %9ny se$s4 ,only a portion ( ! /alks ev] be> se$4 ,f ! middle to ! la/ ( ,septemb] ! /alks die d[n & :5 w9t] comes on ! hydra/is b$ appe>s ! same z a ,g9s5g b$4 ,! root /alk or rhizome is ?ick1 r\gh cov]$ ) r\nd$ ind5tations or eyes1 d>k yell[ 9 color & hav+ _m long ?readlike bright yell[ fibres bran*+ 9 all directions4 ,x has "o & sometimes z _m z f\r buds :i* w produce ! next season's /alks4 ,besides ^! !re are _m lat5t buds & little plantlets on ! runn]s ( fibr\s roots4 ,! root & all ( its fibres is ! "p us$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,i presume x w be difficult to fix a date :5 ?is plant 0 fir/ us$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,b x is kn[n t ! ,indians us$ x 9 heal+ diseases & 9 prep>+ /a9s & pa9ts :5 fir/ obs]v$ by ! :ite man4 ,dr4 ,raf9esque fir/ makes m5tion ( x 9 a m$ical "w 9 #ahbh & ! elective physicians adopt$ x 9 _! practice 9 #ahdg4 ,! ,ph>macopoeia ( ! ,u4 ,s4 9 #ahfj made ,hydra/is an (ficial drug & describ$ ! manufacture ( diff]5t prep>ations4 ,x has s9ce ga9$ 9 favor & 9 ext5t ( application until at pres5t x is almo/ ! specific 9 ! treatm5t ( c]ta9 cat>rhal conditions4 ,?\s&s ( p\nds be+ us$ by ! physicians 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w v>i\sly e/imat$ f #bjj1jjj to #cjj1jjj p\nds annually1 m ext5sively1 z y see1 ?an ,g9s5g4 ,! price has advanc$ z giv5 by ! ,drug ,report]1 f #ahid ( #ah to #bc c5ts a p\nd1 to #aijc1 ( #eb to #ge c5ts a p\nd1 s9ce #aijc to #aijf x has advanc$ to #a4aj to #a4cj a p\nd4 ,! figures repres5t+ ! highe/ & l[e/ quotations ( ^? ye>s4 ,! price ( ! plant has advanc$ fir/ because inve/igation has prov5 ! value ( ! plant z a drug 9 ! heal+ art increas+ its consumption1 second ! consumption ( & de/ruction ( its habitat is limit+ its supply4 ,x is us$ 9 all c\ntries1 b n f\nd 9 all c\ntries 9 its wild /ate4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates supplies ! majority ( ! root4 ,its cultivation is v promis+ & pr(itable because only v few h ent]$ ! indu/ry yet1 ! wild supply is becom+ exhau/$1 ! drug trade dem&s x & its consumption dep5ds ^u a s\nd dem&4 ,!re is a promis+ opportunity 9 ?is indu/ry & :5 ,i am speak+ ,i am n (f]+ inducem5ts to get ! ri* quick individual1 b to ! c>eful1 pa9/ak+1 plodd+ individual :o is will+ to give at lea/ "s labor = a h&some comp5sation4 ,i h be5 "o ( ! pione]s to beg9 ! inve/igation & cultivation ( ?is plant1 & %all tell "s ( my exp]i5ce 9 h&l+ ! plants4 ,illu/ration3 ,gold5 ,seal 9 an ,upl& ,grove4 ,i procur$ f\r ye>s ago sev]al p\nds ( gre5 ,hydra/is root f a digg] & set !m out 9 ?ree diff]5t pat*es4 ,"o 9 ! op5 g>d51 "o 9 an inclosure %ad$ 9 ! g>d51 & "o b$ 9 a grove4 ,i _h ! b$s made ! same z in/ructions _h be5 giv5 me = mak+ b$s = ,g9s5g4 ,gr\nd loose & mell[1 ,i select$ only roots ) buds =m$1 & set an in* "u gr\nd & six in*es ap>t4 ,?is 0 9 ,june4 ,all ! plants came up & all made a good gr[? except ^? 9 ! op51 ! leaves on ^! rema9$ small & p9*$ ab\t two to ?ree in*es f ! gr\nd4 ,9 digg+ !m ,i f\nd t !y _h ?r[n out a numb] ( fibr\s roots4 ,9 ! fall ,i procur$ & set sev]al ?\s& roots 9 ! woods4 ,! next fall ,i set _m m1 b ?is "t ,i cut ! roots into ?ree or f\r pieces & plant$4 ,all came ! next summ]1 "s n appe>+ above gr\nd until ,june4 ,i h _h no success 9 plant+ se$s1 s d n use ?is means ( rais+ ! plants4 ,! me?od ,i use n[ is to cut ! roots across s a lat5t bud w be on "o piece1 all small pieces brok5 & ! fib]s = "s ( ^! gr[ a plant4 ,aft] prep>+ ! b$s loose ,i lay little tr5*es across & drop ! pieces 9 ^! e two or ?ree in*es ap>t1 !n cov] ab\t an in* ) loose dirt1 !n leaves & mul*4 ,! be/ "t ,i h f\nd to plant is 9 ,septemb]1 ! e>li] ! bett]1 = ! buds !n =m be=e freez+ up & are ready to come 9 ! spr+ e>ly4 ,!y gr[ l>g] & ?rifti] if well rott$ manure is 9 ! gr\nd & ?is does n int]f]e ) ! quality ( ! root4 ,! l>ge/ roots ,i h se5 grew 9 a hog lot suppli$ ) hog manure4 ,9 ?ree or f\r ye>s ,i dig ! roots1 us+ a manure =k1 ! l>ge/ ones ,i wa% & dry2 ! small] ones & pieces ,i use = plant+4 ,i am arrang+ a b>rel %ap$ affair clos$ at ! ends & cov]$ ar\nd ) wire to wa% ! roots4 ,! me?od is to put a rod ?ru ) h&les on ends & re/ on grooves on po/s imm]s$ half way ( b>rel 9 runn+ wat] & revolve4 ,9 ?is way ,i believe ! roots c be wa%$ readily by spla%+ & fall+ 9 ! wat]1 & tons ( ! roots easily h&l$ & wa%$ clean ) little help4 ,i h dri$ !m by spread+ on racks to dry 9 ! sun4 ,9 bright sun x requires two or ?ree days4 ,z !y wilt1 ,i place on pap] 9 ord] to save ! fibres t break (f4 ,:5 mak+ a bus9ess ( gr[+ ^! roots & hav+ good1 fre% roots 9 consid]able quantity1 a bett] price c be comm&$ by deal+ direct ) ! drug mill4 ,a great _m ( ! roots :5 dug w weigh "o ounce or m & ! roots lose 9 weight ab\t ! same z dry+ ,g9s5g4 ,dr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,+ram1 ,waba%a ,c\nty1 ,m9n4 99 99 99 ,!re has nev] be5 a "t 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is c\ntry :5 ! cultivation ( c]ta9 m$ic9al plants1 z ,gold5 ,seal1 ,g9s5g1 ,s5eca & o!rs appeal$ s mu* to ^? int]e/$ 9 su* ?+s z ! pres5t4 ,_m ( ^! plants h hi!rto be5 f\nd gr[+ wild 9 our woods & fields1 & along our road sides & wa/e places1 & h usually be5 ga!r$ 9 an immature /ate & out ( season1 wa%$ & cur$ 9 a slov5ly mann] & b>t]$ at c\ntry /ores = c(fee & calico & o!r commodities4 ,9 ?is way ! drugs & drug trade ( ! c\ntry h be5 suppli$4 ,i ?9k x is v evid5t to ! casual obs]v] t ?is mann] ( supply is ne>+ its close f9ally & =ev]4 ,! m]*ant :o h&les ! /ock may n "k z yet ! great & gr[+ sc>city ( almo/ all our m$ic9al plants4 ,b ! digg] :o has /ood at ! fir/ end ( ! drug trade1 9 t\* ) ! natural supply1 kn[s t ! f\nta9s are dri$ up1 9 great measure1 & t ! /reams ( ! trade mu/ necess>ily soon cease to fl[ or be suppli$ by artificial means4 ,9 mo/ cases m$ic9al plants gr[ naturally 9 ! be/ soils1 ! s&y1 loamy1 moi/ nor? hill sides1 ! ri*1 black coves at ! heads ( our small /reams & 9 ! ri* alluvial bottoms along our l>g] creeks & small riv]s4 ,!y w n gr[ 9 wet l&s or on s\? hill sides4 ,?is %\ld be rememb]$ by ! w\ld-be culturi/ & ! natural :ims ( ! plant att5d$ to1 else failure & disappo9tm5t are sure4 ,:at ,i h said is peculi>ly ! case ) ,gold5 ,seal1 ! yell[ root ( our locality1 ! gr\nd raspb]ry ( ano!r1 ! yell[ puccoon ( ano!r & probably be>+ o!r local names 9 o!r localities4 ,! natural habitat ( ,gold5 ,seal has be5 cle>$ up = f>m+ or graz+ purposes1 :ile ! ke5 ey$ sang] has f]ret$ out e nook & corn] adapt$ to ! gr[? ( ?is plant & !n ru?lessly dug x1 little & big1 old & "y1 until today x is a v sc>ce article4 ,! ,indians reg>d$ ,gold5 ,seal z a sure rem$y = sore & inflam$ eyes1 sore m\?s1 old sores1 w\nds1 etc41 & fir/ taught ! :ites its use z a rem$y4 ,! pione]s us$ x z teas1 wa%es & salves ye>s be=e x became kn[n to ! m$ical frat]nity4 ,x did n become an article ( comm]ce 9 any way until ab\t ! ye> #ahdg1 & !n x 0 s pl5tiful & s little us$ t ! trade 0 suppli$ at #c c5ts p] p\nd = ! dri$ root4 ,i dug x myself1 :5 a boy1 z late z #ahfh1 & receiv$ #e c5ts p] p\nd = ! dri$ root1 9 trade1 at a c\ntry /ore4 ,i f\nd x pl5tiful 9 pat*es 9 op5 woods :]e ! gr\nd 0 ri* & favor$ ! gr[? ( paw paw1 dogwood1 walnut1 elm1 sug> maple1 etc4 ,x grew be/ 9 l& well dra9$ & full ( leaf mold4 ,rememb] ?is1 ye plant]s4 ,well1 ! dem& has rapidly increas$1 & ! supply1 f ! causes a=e m5tion$1 has m rapidly decreas$1 until ! price has ris5 f #c c5ts to #a4ej p] p\nd4 ,gold5 ,seal 0 orig9ally f\nd gr[+ 9 favorable localities f ,s\!rn ,new ,york we/ to ,m9nesota1 !nce s\? to ,arkansas & ea/ to ,georgia & ! hill regions ( ! ,c>ol9as4 ,ohio1 ,indiana1 ,we/ ,virg9ia & ,ea/]n ,k5tucky h be5 by f> ! greate/ ,gold5 ,seal produc+ sections4 ,gold5 ,seal is a p]5nial plant1 ! gn>ly1 knotty root ( :i* is ! "p us$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,^! knotty roots s5d out 9 e direction _m long1 sl5d]1 bright yell[1 fibr\s roots4 ,ea* root 9 spr+ e>ly s5ds up "o to six hairy /ems six in*es to fifte5 or tw5ty in*es 9 height1 ea* /em support+ at ! top "o1 or if a se$ yield+ plant1 two l>ge leaves1 9 %ape some:at resembl+ ! leaf ( ! sug> maple1 b ?ick] & m lea!ry4 ,at ! base ( ea* /em are two or ?ree scale l leaves />t+ f ! root1 ar\nd ! /em & ext5d+ to ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,^! scales are yell[ :ile ! leaf /ems are some:at purpli% 9 color4 ,! se$ be>+ /ocks =k ne> ! top ( ! plant1 ea* /em support+ a leaf1 ! small] leaf enclos+ a fl[] bud at ! base & at ! top ( ! leaf /em4 ,! plants t are n ( se$ be>+ age & size d n =k & h b "o leaf4 ,! fl[]s are gre5i%1 ab\t an in* 9 diamet] & op51 "h1 ab\t ! fir/ ( ,may4 ,!n cont9ue op5 ab\t five days :5 ! petals fall & ! developm5t ( ! se$ b]ry beg9s4 ,?is b]ry rip5s 9 ,july4 ,:5 ripe x is r$ 9 color & resembles a l>ge raspb]ry & conta9s ab\t #bj to #cj small1 r\nd1 black1 %9y1 h>d se$s4 ,^! se$s1 if /ratifi$ at once & kept 9 moi/1 s&y loam1 w beg9 to op5 by ! fir/ ( ,febru>y1 ea* se$ %[+ a beautiful1 bright1 %9y1 gold5 bud4 ,! se$s %\ld be plant$ v e>ly4 ,:5 x comes up ! "y plant has two leaves & does n develop any fur!r leaf or /em gr[? dur+ ! fir/ summ]4 ,! fir/ two leaves d n look at all l ^? t foll[4 ,s1 be c>eful or y w de/roy y\r plants = we$s4 ,plants may be readily propagat$ by cutt+ up ! roots into pieces1 say #a_/d-;in* long & plac+ ^! root cutt+s 9 boxes ( loamy s& 9 ! autumn4 ,by spr+ ea* root cutt+ w h develop$ a f9e bud & be ready = transplant+1 :i* %\ld be done z e>ly z possible4 ,! plant also propagates itself by s5d+ up suck]s f ! fibr\s roots4 ,illu/ration3 ,locu/ ,grove ,seal ,g>d54 ,z to culture1 ,i w\ld say1 foll[ nature4 ,d n pl[ & hoe & rake & make a b$ z = onions4 ,j simply select a piece ( virg9 soil1 if possible1 & make r[s1 say "o foot ap>t & set ! plants ab\t ?ree or f\r in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,all ! culture ne$ful is to pull out ! we$s1 &1 if ! trees 9 ! pat* be n suffici5t to furni% a good leaf mul* 9 ! fall1 att5d to ?is by mul*+ ) a good coat ( =e/ leaves4 ,my ,gold5 ,seal g>d5 is 9 a locu/ grove t is rapidly gr[+ into po/s1 s1 y see1 ,i am gett+ two v pr(itable crops (f ! same l& at ! same "t4 ,! plants %\ld gr[ 9 a b$ ( ?is k9d until x becomes full ( roots1 :i* w require ?ree to five ye>s4 ,x is all ! bett] if !y are all[$ to gr[ long]4 ,! :ole pat* %\ld be dug 9 ! fall :5 ! tops die d[n4 ,! l>ge roots %\ld be c>efully wa%$ & cleans$ ( all =eign roots & fib]s & dri$ on clean clo?s 9 ! %ade1 :5 x is ready = m>ket & %\ld be %ipp$ 9 clean1 new bags to "s reliable deal] 9 ! l>g] cities4 ,!re are pl5ty ( !m & ,i w\ld advise t y write to sev]al ( !m1 tell+ !m j :at y h be=e y %ip4 ,i "k f actual exp]i5ce t good money may be made by ! "r p>ty 9 ! culture ( ,gold5 ,seal4 ,if a "y man w\ld />t a g>d5 ( m$ic9al plants & att5d to x at odd times1 /udy+ ! nature ( ! plants & c>efully save all se$s & add !m to 8 /ock1 9 a few ye>s he w\ld h a g>d5 ) a l>ge sum ( money4 ,i h e/imat$ an acre ( ,gold5 ,seal at full maturity & z ?ick on ! gr\nd z x %\ld be gr[n to be wor? #d1hdj1 or "o doll> p] squ>e y>d4 ,x w n take a v great :ile to fill an acre ) plants4 ,besides1 if ! l& is plant$ 9 locu/ trees x is yield+ two crops ( wond]ful value at ! same "t4 ,"o "y man f ,virg9ia says3 ,i h a piece ( new gr\nd j cle>$ up :i* ,i ?9k w\ld be j ! ?+1 & !n ,i c\ld set out %ort /em r$ *]ries to %ade & cov] ! gr\nd4 ,please let me he> f y at once4 ,well1 if ?is piece ( gr\nd is on ! "r side ( ! hill1 t is1 ! nor? or nor!a/ or we/ slope1 & is ri*1 loose & loamy1 full ( leaf mold & naturally well dra9$1 x is all "r = ,gold5 ,seal1 b w\ld x suit *]ries8 ,*]ries might d v well = %ade1 b ,i w\ld pref] catalpa or locu/ or "s o!r quick gr[+ timb] tree to any sort ( fruit tree4 ,"o reason is t 9 ga!r+ ! fruit & 9 c>+ = ! trees ,i ?9k ! ,gold5 ,seal w\ld be trampl$ ^u & injur$1 also ! gr\nd w\ld be trampl$ & compact$ & ?us r5d]$ unsuitable = ?is plant4 ,! gr\nd 9 :i* ,gold5 ,seal gr[s %\ld be kept 9 its new /ate z mu* z possible4 ,h[ev]1 my ,virg9ia fri5d may succe$ well ) 8 *]ries & ,seal4 ,he mu/ keep up ! primitive condition ( ! soil & keep out we$s & grass4 ,ano!r "q1 ,h[ long w x take x to mature8 ,z to its maturity1 x may be dug1 cleans$1 dri$ & m>ket$ at any "t & 9 any /age ( its gr[?4 ,b ,i ?9k t a sett+ ( ,gold5 ,seal %\ld be dug 9 ! fall ?ree or f\r ye>s aft] plant+2 ! l>ge roots wa%$ & cleans$ & made ready = m>ket1 :ile ! small] roots %\ld be us$ = resett+ ! b$4 ,y w h en\gh small roots to set a pat* t5 or twelve times ! size ( ! "o y dig1 z ea* root set w 9 ?ree or f\r ye>s produce t5 to fifte5 good plants besides yield+ a lot ( se$4 ,h[ mu* w x co/ to plant "o-eigh? ( an acre8 ,"o-eigh? ( an acre conta9s tw5ty squ>e rods1 & to set "o squ>e rod1 9 r[s eighte5 in*es ap>t w\ld take #cfc plants1 & tw5ty squ>e rods w\ld take #bj times #cfc plants1 or #g1bfj plants1 :i* at #aj4jj p] ?\s&1 w\ld co/ #gb4fj4 ,b ,i w\ld advise ! beg9n] to make ha/e sl[ly 9 try+ new ?+s4 ,a ?+ may be all "r & v pr(itable if we und]/& x & give x prop] culture1 :ile x is v easy to make sad failure by ov] do+ a good ?+4 ,s let ! beg9n] procure a ?\s& or s plants & />t 8 g>d5 on a small scale1 & increase 8 plantation f 8 own se$ b$ z 8 k ( ! plant & its culture increases4 ,a v l>ge g>d5 may be set 9 a few ye>s f #a1jjj plants4 ,%\ld ! se$ be s[n broadca/8 ,to be successful ) ! se$ requires great pati5ce & pa9s4 ,i make a l>ge flat bru% heap & burn x (f 9 ! fall4 ,i !n dig up ! gr\nd to ! dep? ( ?ree or f\r in*es & place bo>ds edgewise ar\nd ?is b$1 lett+ !m d[n into ! gr\nd two or ?ree in*es4 ,^! bo>ds are to keep out mice & to prev5t wa%+4 ,i !n s[ ! se$s 9 little tr5*es made ) a hoe h&le ab\t six in*es ap>t & pretty ?ick 9 ! tr5*es & smoo? ov] & tramp solid4 ,!n s[ a few h&fuls ( bone du/ mul*$ ) =e/ leaves & cov] ) bru% to keep ! leaves f bl[+ away4 ,y are done n[ until spr+4 ,9 ! e>ly spr+1 aft] freez+ wea!r is ov]1 c>efully remove ! bru% & ! mul* ( leaves4 ,rememb] ?is mu/ be done e>ly z ! plant wants to come up e>ly4 ,wat* = y\r "y plants & c>efully pull up e we$ z soon z x %[s itself4 ,mul* aga9 9 ! fall & remove z be=e ! next spr+4 ,keep d[n we$s z be=e1 & by fall y w h a f9e lot ( ,no4 #a two-ye>-old plants1 :i* may be transplant$ to ! g>d5 at once or e>ly ! next spr+4 ,i %\ld h /at$ t ,gold5 ,seal se$ %\ld n be all[$ to dry aft] ga!r+4 ,!y %\ld be plac$ 9 lay]s ( s& 9 a box & kept moi/ until plant+ "t4 ,!y beg9 to g]m9ate v e>ly1 & if y delay plant+ until spr+ y are ne>ly sure to lose !m4 ,z to ! pr(its1 ,i want x di/9ctly und]/ood t ,i d n ?9k t e "o :o />ts a b$ or pat* ( ,gold5 ,seal w be a millionaire 9 a few ye>s4 ,b ,i d ?9k1 & 9 fact ,i "k1 t consid]+ ! l& 9 cultivation1 ! "t & exp5se ( its culture1 x is "o ( ! mo/ pr(itable crops t c be gr[n 9 ?is latitude4 ,lee ,s4 ,dick1 ,wayne ,c\nty1 ,w4 ,va4 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,gold5 ,,seal--,,gov]nm5t ,,description1 ,,etc4 ,! foll[+ is f a bullet9 issu$ by ! ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture--,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry--& edit$ by ,alice ,h5kel3 ,hydra/is ,canad5sis ,l4 ,ph>macopoeial ,"n--,hydra/is4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,yell[root1 yell[ puccoon1 orange-root1 yell[ ,indian-pa9t1 turm]ic-root1 ,indian turm]ic1 ,ohio curcuma1 gr\nd raspb]ry1 eye-root1 eye-balm1 yell[-eye1 jaundice-root1 ,indian-dye4 ,habitat & ,range--,?is native =e/ plant occurs 9 pat*es 9 high1 op5 woods1 & usually on hill sides or bluffs af=d+ natural dra9age1 f s\!rn ,new ,york to ,m9nesota & we/]n ,ont>io1 s\? to ,georgia & ,miss\ri4 ,gold5 ,seal is n[ becom+ sc>ce ?ru\t its range4 ,ohio1 ,indiana1 ,k5tucky & ,we/ ,virg9ia h be5 ! greate/ ,gold5 ,seal produc+ /ates4 ,illu/ration3 ,gold5 ,seal 7,hydra/is ,canad5sis7 ,fl[]+ ,plant & ,fruit4 ,description ( ,plant--,gold5 ,seal is a p]5nial plant belong+ to ! same family z ! butt]cup1 namely ! cr[foot family 7,ranunculaceae47 ,x has a ?ick yell[ root/ock1 :i* s5ds up an erect hairy /em ab\t #a foot 9 height1 surr\nd$ at ! base by #b or #c yell[i% scales4 ,! yell[ color ( ! roots & scales ext5ds up ! /em s f> z x is cov]$ by soil1 :ile ! portion ( ! /em above gr\nd has a purpli% color4 ,! /em1 :i* has only two leaves1 seems to =k at ! top1 "o bran* be>+ a l>ge leaf & ! o!r a small] "o & a fl[]4 ,a ?ird leaf1 :i* is mu* small] ?an ! o!r two & /emless1 is occasionally produc$4 ,! leaves are palmately #e to #i lob$1 ! lobes broad1 acute1 %>ply & unequally too!d2 !y are prom95tly ve9$ on ! l[] surface & at fl[]+ "t1 :5 !y are v mu* wr9kl$1 !y are only p>tially develop$1 b !y cont9ue to exp& until !y are f #f to #h in*es 9 diamet] becom+ ?9n] 9 texture & smoo!r4 ,! upp] leaf subt5ds or incloses ! fl[] bud4 ,! gre5i% :ite fl[] appe>s ab\t ,april or ,may1 b x is ( %ort duration1 la/+ only five or six days4 ,x is less ?an half an in* 9 diamet]1 &1 in/ead ( petals1 has ?ree small petal-l sepals1 :i* fall away z soon z ! fl[] exp&s1 leav+ only ! num]\s /am5s 7z _m z #dj or #ej71 9 ! c5t] ( :i* are ab\t a doz5 pi/ils1 :i* f9ally develop into a r\nd fle%y1 b]ry-l head :i* rip5s 9 ,july or ,augu/4 ,! fruit :5 ripe turns a bright r$ & resembles a l>ge raspb]ry1 :5ce ! common "n gr\nd-raspb]ry is d]iv$4 ,x conta9s f #aj to #bj small black1 %9+1 h>d se$s4 ,illu/ration3 ,gold5 ,seal ,root/ock4 ,description ( ,root/ock--,! fre% root/ock ( ,gold5 ,seal1 :i* has a rank1 nauseat+ odor1 is bright yell[1 bo? int]nally & ext]nally1 ) fibr\s yell[ rootlets produc$ f ! sides4 ,x is f #a #a_/b to #b #a_/b in*es 9 l5g?1 f #a_/d to #c_/d ( an in* 9 ?ickness1 & conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( yell[ juice4 ,9 ! dri$ /ate ! root/ock is crook$1 knotty & wr9kl$1 f #a to #b in*es 9 l5g?1 & f "o-eigh? to "o-?ird ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,x is a dull br[n color on ! outside & breaks ) a clean1 %ort1 res9\s fracture1 %[+ a lemon-yell[ color inside4 ,aft] ! root/ock has be5 kept = "s "t x w become gre5i% yell[ or br[n int]nally & its quality impair$4 ,! cup-l depressions or /em sc>s on ! upp] surface ( ! root/ock resemble ! impr9t ( a seal1 :5ce ! mo/ popul> "n ( ! plant1 gold5 seal1 is d]iv$4 ,! root/ock z f\nd 9 comm]ce is almo/ b>e1 ! fibr\s rootlets1 :i* 9 dry+ become v wiry & brittle1 break+ (f readily & leav+ only small protub]ances4 ,! odor ( ! dri$ root/ock1 :ile n s pron\nc$ z 9 ! fre% mat]ial1 is peculi>1 n>cotic & disagreeable4 ,! ta/e is exce$+ly bitt]1 & :5 ! root/ock is *ew$ !re is a p]si/5t acridity1 :i* causes an abundant fl[ ( saliva4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! root %\ld be collect$ 9 autumn aft] ! se$s h rip5$1 fre$ f soil1 & c>efully dri$4 ,aft] a dry season ,gold5 ,seal dies d[n soon aft] ! fruit is mature1 s t x (t5 happ5s t by ! end ( ,septemb] n a trace ( ! plant rema9s above gr\nd2 b if ! season has be5 moi/1 ! plant sometimes p]si/s to ! beg9n+ ( w9t]4 ,! price ( ,gold5 ,seal ranges f #a to #a4ej a p\nd4 ,gold5 ,seal1 :i* is (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia1 is a useful drug 9 dige/ive disord]s & 9 c]ta9 cat>rhal affections ( ! muc\s membranes1 9 ! latt] in/ance be+ adm9i/]$ bo? int]nally & locally4 ,cultivation--,once s abundant 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 especially 9 ! ,ohio ,valley1 ,gold5 ,seal is n[ becom+ sc>ce ?ru\t its range1 & 9 consequ5ce ( ! increas$ dem& = ! root1 bo? at home & abroad1 its cultivation mu/ soon] or lat] be m g5]ally und]tak5 9 ord] to satisfy ! ne$s ( m$ic9e4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry ! cultivation ( ,gold5 ,seal is already "u way4 ,! fir/ ?+ to be consid]$ 9 gr[+ ?is plant is to furni% x1 z ne>ly z possible1 ! conditions to :i* x has be5 accu/om$ 9 its native =e/ home4 ,?is calls = a well-dra9$ soil1 ri* 9 humus1 & p>tially %ad$4 ,gold5 ,seal /&s transplant+ well1 & ! easie/ way to propagate x is to br+ ! plants 9 f ! =e/ & transplant !m to a prop]ly prep>$ location1 or to collect ! root/ocks & to cut !m into z _m pieces z !re are buds1 plant+ ^! pieces 9 a deep1 loose1 well-prep>$ soil1 & mul*+1 add+ new mul* ea* ye> to r5ew ! humus4 ,) su* a soil ! cultivation ( ,gold5 ,seal is simple & x w be necess>y *iefly to keep d[n ! we$s4 ,! plants may be gr[n 9 r[s #a foot ap>t & #f in*es ap>t 9 ! r[1 or !y may be gr[n 9 b$s #d to #h feet wide1 ) walks betwe54 ,artificial %ade w be necess>y & ?is is suppli$ by ! erection ( la? %$s4 ,! "t requir$ to obta9 a m>ketable crop is f two to ?ree ye>s4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,coho%--,,black ,,& ,,blue4 ,black ,coho%4 ,cimicifuga ,racemosa 7,l47 ,nutt4 ,synonym--,actaea ,racemosa ,l4 ,ph>macopoeial ,"n--,cimicifuga4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,black snak]oot1 bugbane1 bugwort1 rattlesnak]oot1 rattl]oot1 rattlewe$1 rattletop1 ri*we$1 squawroot4 ,habitat & ,range--,al?o pref]r+ ! %ade ( ri* woods1 black coho% w gr[ occasionally 9 sunny situations 9 f5ce corn]s & woodl& pa/ures4 ,x is mo/ abundant 9 ! ,ohio ,valley1 b x occurs f ,ma9e to ,wiscons91 s\? along ! ,allegh5y ,m\nta9s to ,georgia & we/w>d to ,miss\ri4 ,description ( ,plant--,ris+ to a height ( #c to #h feet1 ! %[y1 delicate-fl[]$ spikes ( ! ,black ,coho% t[] above mo/ ( ! o!r woodl& fl[]s1 mak+ x a conspicu\s plant 9 ! woods & "o t c be easily recogniz$4 ,illu/ration3 ,black ,coho% 7,cimicifuga ,racemosa7 ,leaves1 ,fl[]+ ,spikes & ,root/ock4 ,black ,coho% is an indig5\s p]5nial plant belong+ to ! same family z ! ,gold5 ,seal1 namely1 ! cr[foot family 7,ranunculaceae74 ,! tall /em1 sometimes #h feet 9 height1 is r sl5d] & leafy1 ! leaves consi/+ ( ?ree leaflets1 :i* are aga9 divid$ into ?rees4 ,! leaflets are ab\t #b in*es long1 ovate1 %>p po9t$ at ! apex1 ?9 & smoo?1 v>i\sly lob$ & ! m>g9s %>ply too!d4 ,! graceful1 spikelike t]m9al clu/] ( fl[]s1 :i* is produc$ f ,june to ,augu/1 is f #f in*es to #b feet 9 l5g?4 ,attractive z ^! fl[] clu/]s are to ! eye1 !y g5]ally d n prove attractive v long to ^? :o may ga!r !m = _! beauty1 s9ce ! fl[]s emit an (f5sive odor1 :i* acc\nt = "s ( ! common names appli$ to ?is plant1 namely1 bugbane & bugwort1 x hav+ be5 ?\ght t ?is odor 0 efficaci\s 9 driv+ away bugs4 ,! fl[]s d n all op5 at "o "t & ?us !re may be se5 buds1 blossoms1 & se$ pods on "o spike4 ,! buds are :ite & globul> & z !y exp& 9 fl[] !re is practically no?+ to ! fl[] b v num]\s :ite /am5s & ! pi/il1 b ! /am5s spread out ar\nd ! pi/il 9 su* a mann] z to give to ! spike a some:at fea!ry or fluffy appe>ance :i* is v attractive4 ,! se$ pods are dry1 ?ick & lea!ry1 ribb$1 & ab\t "o-f\r? ( an in* long1 ) a small beak at ! end4 ,! smoo? br[n se$s are enclos$ )9 ! pods 9 two r[s4 ,any "o go+ ?ru ! woods 9 w9t] may f9d ! se$ pods1 full ( se$s1 /ill cl++ to ! dry1 dead /alk1 & ! rattl+ ( ! se$s 9 ! pods z ! w9d passes ov] !m has giv5 rise to ! common names rattle-snak]oot 7n rattlesnake-root71 rattlewe$1 rattletop & rattl]oot4 ,description ( ,root/ock--,! root/ock is l>ge1 horizontal & knotty or r\gh & irregul> 9 appe>ance4 ,! upp] surface ( ! root/ock is cov]$ ) num]\s r\nd sc>s & /umps1 ! rema9s ( =m] leaf /ems1 & on ! fre% root/ocks may be se5 ! "y1 p9ki% :ite buds :i* are to furni% ! next season's gr[?4 ,f ! l[] "p ( ! root/ock long1 fle%y roots arc produc$4 ,! fre% root/ock is v d>k r$di% br[n on ! outside1 :ite )91 %[+ a l>ge c5tral pi? f :i* radiate rays ( a woody texture1 & on break+ ! l>g] roots also ! woody rays w be se5 9 ! =m ( a cross4 ,on dry+1 ! root/ock becomes h>d & turns mu* d>k]1 bo? int]nally & ext]nally1 b ! peculi> cross =mation ( ! woody rays 9 bo? root/ock & roots1 be+ light] 9 color1 is pla9ly se5 )\t ! aid ( a magnify+ glass4 ,! roots 9 dry+ become wiry & brittle & break (f v readily4 ,black coho% has a heavy odor & a bitt]1 acrid ta/e4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! root %\ld be collect$ aft] ! fruit has rip5$1 usually 9 ,septemb]4 ,! price ranges f #b to #c c5ts a p\nd4 ,! ,indians _h long reg>d$ black coho% z a valuable m$ic9al plant1 n only = ! treatm5t ( snake bites1 b x 0 also a v popul> rem$y among _! wom51 & x is today consid]$ ( value z an alt]ative1 emm5agogue1 & s$ative1 & is recogniz$ z (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia4 ,blue ,coho%4 ,caulophyllum ,?alictroides 7,l47 ,mi*x4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,caulophyllum1 pappoose-root1 squawroot1 blueb]ryroot1 blue g9s5g1 yell[ g9s5g4 ,illu/ration3 ,blue ,coho% 7,caulophyllum ,?alictroides74 ,habitat & ,range--,blue ,coho% is f\nd 9 ! deep ri* loam ( %ady woods f ,new ,brunswick to ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 we/w>d to ,nebraska1 be+ abundant especially ?ru\t ! ,allegh5y ,m\nta9 region4 ,description ( ,plant--,?is memb] ( ! b>b]ry family 7,b]b]idaceae7 is a p]5nial h]b1 #a to #c feet 9 height1 & indig5\s to ?is c\ntry4 ,x be>s at ! top "o l>ge1 almo/ /emless leaf1 :i* is trit]nately comp\nd--t is1 ! ma9 leaf /em divides into ?ree /ems1 :i* aga9 divide into ?rees1 & ea* division be>s ?ree leaflets4 ,sometimes !re is a small] leaf1 b simil> to ! o!r1 at ! base ( ! fl[]+ bran*4 ,! leaflets are ?9 9 texture1 oval1 oblong1 or obovate & #c to #e lob$4 ,9 ! e>ly /age ( its gr[? ?is plant is cov]$ ) a sort ( blui% gre5 bloom1 b x g5]ally loses ?is & becomes smoo?4 ,! fl[]s are borne 9 a small t]m9al panicle or head1 & are small & gre5i% yell[4 ,!y appe> f ,april to ,may1 :ile ! leaf is /ill small4 ,! globul> se$s1 :i* rip5 ab\t ,augu/1 are borne on /\t /alks 9 membran\s capsules & resemble d>k-blue b]ries4 ,description ( ,root/ock--,! ?ick1 crook$ root/ock ( ,blue ,coho% is almo/ conceal$ by ! mass ( matt$ roots :i* surr\nds x4 ,!re are num]\s cup-%ap$ sc>s & small bran*es on ! upp] surface ( ! root/ock1 :ile ! l[] surface gives (f num]\s long1 crook$1 matt$ roots4 ,"s ( ! sc>s are depress$ bel[ ! surface ( ! root/ock1 :ile o!rs are rais$ above x4 ,! outside is br[ni% & ! inside t\gh & woody4 ,blue ,coho% possesses a slight odor & a sweeti%1 some:at bitt] & acrid ta/e4 ,9 ! p[d]$ /ate x causes sneez+4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! root is dug 9 ! fall4 ,v (t5 ! roots ( ,gold5 ,seal or tw9leaf are f\nd mix$ ) ^? ( ,blue ,coho%4 ,! price ( ,blue ,coho% root ranges f #b #a_/b to #d c5ts a p\nd4 ,blue ,coho%1 (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia = #ahij1 is us$ z a demulc5t1 antispasmodic1 emm5agogue & diuretic4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,snak]oot--,,canada ,,& ,,virg9ia4 ,canada ,snak]oot4 ,as>um ,canad5se ,l4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,as>um1 wild g+]1 ,indian g+]1 ,v]mont snak]oot1 he>t-snak]oot1 s\!rn snak]oot1 black snak]oot1 colt's-foot1 snak]oot1 black snakewe$1 broadleav$ as>abacca1 false colt's-foot1 cat's foot1 colicroot4 ,habitat & ,range--,?is inconspicu\s little plant frequ5ts ri* woods or ri* soil along road sides f ,canada s\? to ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,kansas4 ,description ( ,plant--,canada snak]oot is a small1 app>5tly /emless p]5nial1 n m ?an #f to #ab in*es 9 height1 & belongs to ! bir?wort family 7,ari/olo*aceae74 ,x usually has b two leaves :i* are borne on sl5d]1 f9ely hairy /ems2 !y are kidney %ap$ or he>t %ap$1 ?91 d>k gre5 above & pal] gre5 on ! l[] surface1 /rongly ve9$1 & f #d to #g in*es broad4 ,! solit>y bell-%ap$ fl[] is ( an unassum+ dull br[n or br[ni% purple & ?is mode/ color1 toge!r ) its position on ! plant1 r5d]s x s inconspicu\s z to escape ! notice ( ! casual obs]v]4 ,x droops f a %ort1 sl5d] /alk produc$ betwe5 ! two leaf /ems & is almo/ hidd5 "u ! two leaves1 gr[+ s close to ! gr\nd t x is sometimes buri$ b5ea? old leaves1 & sometimes ! soil mu/ be remov$ be=e ! fl[] c be se54 ,x is bell %ap$1 wooly1 ! inside d>k] 9 color ?an ! outside & ( a sat9y texture4 ,! fruit :i* foll[s is 9 ! =m ( a lea!ry #f-;cell$ capsule4 ,illu/ration3 ,canada ,snak]oot 7,as>um ,canad5se74 ,description ( ,root/ock--,canada snak]oot has a creep+1 yell[i% root/ock1 slightly jo9t$1 ) ?is rootlets produc$ f jo9ts :i* occur ab\t e half in* or s4 ,9 ! drug trade ! root/ock is usually f\nd 9 pieces a few in*es 9 l5g? & ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,^! are f\r-angl$1 crook$1 br[ni% & wr9kl$ on ! outside1 :iti% inside & %[+ a l>ge c5tral pi?1 h>d & brittle & break+ ) a %ort fracture4 ,! odor is fragrant & ! ta/e spicy & aromatic1 & has be5 said to be int]m$iate betwe5 g+] & s]p5t>ia4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! aromatic root ( ,canada snak]oot is collect$ 9 autumn & ! price ranges f #aj to #ae c5ts a p\nd4 ,x 0 report$ z v sc>ce 9 ! latt] "p ( ! summ] ( #aijf4 ,canada ,snak]oot1 :i* 0 (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia f #ahbj to #ahhj1 is us$ z an aromatic1 diaphoretic & c>m9ative4 ,s]p5t>ia4 7#a7 ,ari/olo*ia s]p5t>is ,l4 & 7#b7 ,ari/olo*ia reticulata ,nutt4 ,ph>macopoeial ,"n--,s]p5t>ia4 ,illu/ration3 ,v]g9ia ,s]p5t>ia 7,ari/olo*ia s]p5t>is74 ,o!r ,common ,names--7#a7 ,virg9ia s]p5t>ia1 ,virg9ia snak]oot1 s]p5t>y1 snakewe$1 pelican-fl[]1 snagrel1 sangrel1 sangree-root2 7#b7 ,texas s]p5t>ia1 ,texas snak]oot1 ,r$ ,riv] snak]oot4 ,habitat & ,range--,virg9ia s]p5t>ia is f\nd 9 ri* woods f ,connecticut to ,mi*igan & s\?w>d1 pr9cipally along ! ,allegh5ies1 & ,texas s]p5t>ia occurs 9 ! ,s\?we/]n ,/ates1 gr[+ along riv] banks f ,arkansas to ,l\isiana4 ,description ( ,virg9ia ,s]p5t>ia--,ab\t midsumm] ! que]ly %ap$ fl[]s ( ?is native p]5nial are produc$4 ,!y are v simil> to ^? ( ! bett] kn[n ,dut*man's-pipe1 ano!r species ( ?is g5us1 :i* is q ext5sively gr[n z an ornam5tal v9e = cov]+ por*es & trellises4 ,virg9ia s]p5t>ia & ,texas s]p5t>ia bo? belong to ! bir? wort family 7,ari/olo*iaceae74 ,! ,virg9ia s]p5t>ia is ne>ly erect1 ! sl5d]1 wavy /em sp>+ly bran*$ ne> ! base1 & usually gr[+ to ab\t a foot 9 height1 sometimes1 h[ev]1 ev5 rea*+ #c feet4 ,! leaves are ?91 ovate1 ovate lance %ap$ or oblong lance %ap$1 & usually he>t %ap$ at ! base2 !y are ab\t #b #a_/b in*es long & ab\t #a or #a #a_/b in*es 9 wid?4 ,! fl[]s are produc$ f ne> ! base ( ! plant1 simil> to its ne> relative1 ! ,canada snak]oot4 ,!y are solit>y & t]m9al1 borne on sl5d]1 scaly bran*es1 dull br[ni% purple 9 color1 & ( a some:at lea!ry texture2 ! calyx tube is curi\sly b5t or contort$ 9 ! %ape ( ! lett] ,s4 ,! fruit is a r\ndi% #f-;cell$ capsule1 ab\t half an in* 9 diamet] & conta9+ num]\s se$s4 ,description ( ,texas ,s]p5t>ia--,?is species has a v wavy /em1 ) oval1 he>t-%ap$1 clasp+ leaves1 :i* are r ?ick & /rongly reticulat$ or m>k$ ) a network ( ve9s2 h5ce ! specific "n reticulata4 ,! entire plant is hairy1 ) num]\s long1 co>se hairs4 ,! small1 d5sely hairy purpli% fl[]s are also produc$ f ! base ( ! plant4 ,description ( ,root/ock--,s]p5t>ia has a %ort root/ock ) _m ?91 bran*+1 fibr\s roots4 ,9 ! dri$ /ate x is ?9 & b5t1 ! %ort rema9s ( /ems %[+ on ! upp] surface & ! "u surface hav+ num]\s ?9 roots ab\t #d in*es 9 l5g?1 all ( a dull yell[i% br[n color1 int]nally :ite4 ,x has a v agreeable aromatic odor1 some:at l camphor1 & ! ta/e is describ$ z w>m1 bitt]i% & camphorace\s4 ,! ,texas s]p5t>ia has a l>g] root/ock1 ) few] roots less int]lac$ ?an ! ,virg9ia s]p5t>ia4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! roots ( s]p5t>ia are collect$ 9 autumn4 ,v>i\s o!r roots are sometimes mix$ ) s]p5t>ia1 b z !y are mo/ly high-pric$ drugs1 su* z gold5 seal1 p9kroot1 s5ega & g9s5g1 _! pres5ce 9 a lot ( s]p5t>ia is probably accid5tal1 due simply to proximity ( gr[? ( ^! plants4 ,abscess-root 7,polemonium ,reptans ,l47 is ano!r root ) :i* s]p5t>ia is (t5 adult]at$4 ,x is v simil> to s]p5t>ia1 except t x is ne>ly :ite4 ,! price ( s]p5t>ia ranges f #ce to #dj c5ts a p\nd4 ,s]p5t>ia is us$ = its /imulant1 tonic1 & diaphoretic prop]ties4 ,bo? species are (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,pokewe$4 ,phytolacca ,dec&ra ,l4 a4 ,synonym--,phytolacca ,am]icana 7,l74 a4 ,ph>macopoeial ,"n--,phytolacca4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,poke1 pigeon-b]ry1 g>get1 scoke1 pocan1 coakum1 ,virg9ia poke1 inkb]ry1 r$ inkb]ry1 ,am]ican night%ade1 canc]-jalap1 r$we$4 ,habitat & ,range--,pokewe$1 a common1 famili>1 native we$1 is f\nd 9 ri*1 moi/ soil along f5ce r[s1 fields1 & uncultivat$ l& f ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates to ,m9nesota s\? to ,florida & ,texas4 ,description ( ,plant--,9 ,europe1 :]e pokewe$ has become naturaliz$ f 8 c\ntry1 x is reg>d$ z an ornam5tal g>d5 plant1 &1 inde$1 x is v %[y & attractive ) its r$di% purple /ems1 ri* gre5 foliage1 & clu/]s ( :ite fl[]s & d>k-purple b]ries4 ,! /\t1 smoo? /ems1 aris+ f a v l>ge p]5nial root1 atta9 a height ( f #c to #i feet & are erect & bran*$1 gre5 at fir/1 !n r$di%4 ,if a piece ( ! /em is exam9$1 ! pi? w be se5 to be divid$ into disk-%ap$ p>ts ) holl[ spaces betwe5 !m4 ,! smoo? leaves are borne on %ort /ems & are ab\t #e in*es long & #b to #c in*es wide1 ovate or ovate oblong1 acute at ! apex1 & ! m>g9s entire4 ,! long-/alk$ clu/]s ( :iti% fl[]s1 :i* appe> f ,july to ,septemb] are f #c to #d in*es 9 l5g?1 ! fl[]s num]\s & borne on r$di% /ems4 ,9 ab\t two mon?s ! b]ries w h matur$ & assum$ a ri* d>k-purple color4 ,^! smoo? & %9+ purple b]ries are globul>1 flatt5$ at bo? ends1 & conta9 black se$s emb$d$ 9 a ri* crimson juice4 ,?is plant belongs to ! pokewe$ family 7,phytolaccaceae74 a4 ,phytolacca ,am]icana ,l4 by "r ( priority %\ld be accept$ b ,p4 ,dec&ra ,l4 is us$ 9 con=mity ) ! ,ph>macopoeia4 ,illu/ration3 ,pokewe$ 7,phytolacca ,dec&ra71 ,fl[]+ & ,fruit+ ,bran*4 ,description ( ,root--,pokewe$ has a v ?ick1 long1 fle%y root1 conical 9 %ape & bran*es v mu* resembl+ t ( hors]adi% & poison\s4 ,9 comm]ce x usually occurs 9 transv]se or l5g?wise slices1 ! outside a yell[i% br[n & f9ely wr9kl$ l5g?wise & ?ickly encircl$ ) light] color$ ridges4 ,x breaks ) a fibr\s fracture & is yell[i% gray )94 ,! transv]se slices %[ _m conc5tric r+s4 ,!re is a slight odor & ! ta/e is sweeti% & acrid4 ,! root :5 p[d]$ causes sneez+4 ,illu/ration3 ,pokeweek ,root4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! root ( ! ,pokewe$1 :i* is (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia1 is collect$ 9 ! latt] "p ( autumn1 ?or\ghly clean$1 cut into a transv]se or l5g?wise slices1 & c>efully dri$4 ,x br+s f #b #a_/b to #d c5ts a p\nd4 ,! root is us$ = its alt]ative prop]ties 9 treat+ v>i\s diseases ( ! sk9 & blood1 & 9 c]ta9 cases 9 reliev+ pa9 & allay+ inflammation4 ,x also acts ^u ! b[els & causes vomit+4 ,! b]ries :5 fully matur$ are also us$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,! "y & t5d] %oots ( ! pokewe$ are eat5 9 spr+1 l asp>agus1 b bad results may foll[ if !y are n ?or\ghly cook$ or if !y are cut too close to ! root4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,may-,,apple4 ,podophyllum ,peltatum ,l4 ,ph>macopoeial ,"n--,podophyllum4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,m&rake1 wild m&rake1 ,am]ican m&rake1 wild lemon1 gr\nd-lemon1 hog-apple1 devil's-apple1 ,indian apple1 raccoon-b]ry1 duck's-foot1 umbrella-plant1 vegetable calomel4 ,habitat & ,range--,! ,may-apple is an indig5\s plant1 f\nd 9 l[ woods1 usually gr[+ 9 pat*es1 f we/]n ,quebec to ,m9nesota1 s\? to ,florida & ,texas4 ,description ( ,plant--,a pat* ( ,may-apple c be di/+ui%$ f af>1 ! smoo?1 d>k-gre5 foliage & close & ev5 /& mak+ x a conspicu\s feature ( ! woodl& vegetation4 ,may-apple is a p]5nial plant1 & belongs to ! b>b]ry family 7,b]b]idaceae47 ,x is erect & gr[s ab\t #a foot 9 height4 ,! leaves are only two 9 numb]1 circul> 9 outl9e1 b ) five to sev5 deep lobes1 ! lobes #b cleft1 & too!d at ! apex2 !y are d>k gre5 above1 ! l[] surface light] gre5 & some:at hairy or smoo?1 sometimes #a foot 9 diamet]1 & borne on long leaf/alks :i* are fix$ to ! c5t] ( ! leaf1 giv+ x an umbrella-l appe>ance4 ,! waxy-:ite1 solit>y fl[]1 sometimes #b in*es 9 diamet]1 appe>s 9 ,may1 nodd+ on its %ort /\t /alk1 g5]ally "r betwe5 ! two l>ge umbrella-l leaves1 :i* %ade & hide x f view4 ,! fruit :i* foll[s is lemon %ap$1 at fir/ gre51 !n yell[1 ab\t #b in*es 9 l5g? & edible1 al?o :5 eat5 immod]ately x is kn[n to h produc$ bad effects4 ,9 a pat* ( ,may-apple plants !re are always a numb] ( /]ile or fl[]less /alks1 :i* be> leaves simil> to ^? ( ! fl[]+ plants4 ,illu/ration3 ,may-apple 7,podophyllum ,pellatum71 ,upp] ,portion ( ,plant ) ,fl[] & ,root/ock4 ,description ( ,root/ock--,! horizontally creep+ root/ock ( ,may-apple :5 tak5 f ! gr\nd1 is f #a to #f feet or m 9 l5g?1 flexible1 smoo?1 & r\nd1 d>k br[n on ! outside & :iti% & fle%y )92 at int]vals ( a few in*es are ?ick5$ jo9ts1 on ! upp] surface ( :i* are r\nd /em sc>s & on ! l[] side a tuft ( r /\t roots4 ,sometimes ! root/ock be>s lat]al bran*es4 ,! dri$ root/ock1 z x occurs 9 ! /ores1 is 9 irregul>1 some:at cyl9drical pieces1 smoo? or some:at wr9kl$1 yell[i% br[n or d>k br[n ext]nally1 :iti% to pale br[n int]nally1 break+ ) a %ort1 %>p fracture1 ! surface ( :i* is mealy4 ,! odor is slight & ! ta/e at fir/ sweeti%1 becom+ v bitt] & acrid4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! prop] "t = collect+ ! root/ock is 9 ! latt] half ( ,septemb] or 9 ,octob]4 ,! price paid = ,may-apple root ranges f #c to #f c5ts a p\nd4 ,may-apple root1 :i* is recogniz$ z (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia1 is an active ca?>tic & 0 kn[n z su* to ! ,indians4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,s5eca ,,snak]oot4 ,polygala ,s5ega ,l4 ,ph>macopoeial ,"n--,s5ega4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,s5ega snak]oot1 ,s5eca-root1 rattlesnake-root1 m\nta9 flax4 ,habitat & ,range--,rocky woods & hillsides are ! favorite haunts ( ?is indig5\s plant4 ,x is f\nd 9 su* situations f ,new ,brunswick & we/]n ,new ,engl& to ,m9nesota & ! ,canadian ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 & s\? along ! ,allegh5y ,m\nta9s to ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,miss\ri4 ,description ( ,plant--,! p]5nial root ( ?is useful little plant s5ds up a numb] ( smoo?1 sl5d]1 erect /ems 7z _m z #ae to #bj or m71 sometimes slightly t+$ ) r$1 f #f in*es to a foot 9 height1 & g5]ally unbran*$4 ,! leaves alt]nate on ! /em1 are lance %ap$ or oblong lance %ap$1 ?9 9 texture1 #a to #b in*es long1 & /emless4 ,! fl[]+ spikes are borne on ! ends ( ! /ems & consi/ ( r cr[d$1 small1 gre5i% :ite1 insignificant fl[]s4 ,! fl[]+ p]iod ( ,s5eca ,snak]oot is f ,may to ,june4 ,! spike blossoms gradually1 & :5 ! l[]-mo/ fl[]s h already fruit$ ! upp] "p ( ! spike is /ill 9 fl[]4 ,! se$ capsules are small & conta9 two black1 some:at hairy se$s4 ,! %ort sl5d] /alks support+ ^! se$ capsules h a t5d5cy to break (f f ! ma9 axis be=e ! se$ is fully mature1 leav+ ! spike 9 a r ragg$-look+ condition1 & ! yield ( se$1 !re=e1 is n v l>ge4 ,s5eca ,snak]oot belongs to ! milkwort family 7,polygalaceae74 ,a =m ( ,s5eca ,snak]oot1 gr[+ mo/ly 9 ! ,nor? ,c5tral ,/ates & di/+ui%$ by its tall] /ems & broad] leaves1 has be5 call$ ,polygala ,s5ega ,v>4 ,latifolia4 ,illu/ration3 ,s5eca ,snak]oot 7,polygala ,s5ega71 ,fl[]+ ,plant ) ,root4 ,description ( ,root--,s5eca ,snak]oot is describ$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia z foll[s3 ,some:at cyl9drical1 tap]+1 m or less flexu\s1 #c to #ae cm4 long & #b to #h mm4 ?ick1 be>+ sev]al simil> horizontal bran*es & a few rootlets2 cr[n knotty ) num]\s buds & %ort /em remnants2 ext]nally yell[i% gray or br[ni% yell[1 longitud9ally wr9kl$1 usually m>k$ by a keel :i* is m prom95t 9 p]fectly dry roots ne> ! cr[n2 fracture %ort1 wood light yell[1 usually exc5trically develop$2 odor slight1 nauseat+2 ta/e sweeti%1 aft]w>ds acrid4 ,! ,s5eca ,snak]oots f\nd 9 comm]ce v>y greatly 9 size1 t obta9$ f ! ,s\?1 :i* is really ! (ficial drug1 be+ usually light color$ & small4 ,! pr9cipal supply ( ,s5eca ,snak]oot n[ comes f ,m9nesota1 ,wiscons91 & f>!r nor?w>d1 & ?is we/]n ,s5eca ,snak]oot has a mu* l>g]1 d>k] root1 ) a cr[n or head sometimes measur+ #b or #c in*es across & ! upp] "p ( ! root v ?ick4 ,x is also less twi/$ & n s di/9ctly keel$4 ,s5eca ,snak]oot is (t5 mu* adult]at$ ) ! roots ( o!r species ( ,polygala & ( o!r plants4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! "t = collect+ ,s5eca ,snak]oot is 9 autumn4 ,labor conditions play a great "p 9 ! rise & fall ( prices = ?is drug4 ,x is said t v little ,s5eca ,snak]oot has be5 dug 9 ! ,nor?we/ dur+ #aijf1 due to ! fact t ! ,indians & o!rs :o usually engage 9 ?is "w 7 s mu* 9 dem& z f>m h&s & railroad labor]s1 :i* paid !m f> bett] ?an ! digg+ ( ,s5eca ,snak]oot4 ,collectors receive f ab\t #ee to #gj c5ts a p\nd = ?is root4 ,?is drug1 fir/ br\ght into prom95ce z a cure = snake bite among ! ,indians1 is n[ employ$ z an expectorant1 emetic & diuretic4 ,x is (ficial 9 ! ,ph>macopoeia ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,,lady',s-,,slipp]4 7#a7 ,cyprip$ium hirsutum ,mill & 7#b7 ,cyprip$ium p>viflorum ,salisb4 ,synonym--7#a7 ,cyprip$ium ,pubesc5s ,wild4 ,ph>macopoeial ,"n--,cyprip$ium4 ,o!r ,common ,names--7#a7 ,l>ge yell[ lady's-slipp]1 yell[ lady's-slipp]1 yell[ moccas9-fl[]1 ,v5us'-%oe1 ,v5us'-cup1 yell[ ,indian-%oe1 ,am]ican val]ian1 n]ve-root1 male n]v9e1 yell[ ,noah's-ark1 yell[s1 monkey-fl[]1 umbil-root1 yell[ umbil2 7#b7 small yell[ lady's-slipp]4 ,habitat & ,range--,bo? ( ^! native species frequ5t bogs & wet places 9 deep %ady woods & ?ickets4 ,! l>ge yell[ lady's-slipp] may be f\nd f ,nova ,scotia s\? to ,alabama & we/ to ,nebraska & ,miss\ri4 ,! range = ! small yell[ lady's-slipp] ext5ds f ,newf\ndl& s\? along ! m\nta9s to ,georgia & we/ to ,miss\ri1 ,wa%+ton & ,briti% ,columbia4 ,description ( ,plants--,! or*id family 7,or*icaceae71 to :i* ! lady's-slipp] belong1 boa/s ( _m beautiful1 %[y & curi\s species & ! lady's-slipp] is no exception4 ,!re are sev]al o!r plants to :i* ! "n lady's-slipp] has be5 appli$1 b "o glance at ! peculi> /ructure ( ! fl[]s 9 ! species "u consid]ation1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration w enable any "o to recognize !m z soon z se54 ,! p>ticul> species ( lady's-slipp] "u consid]ation 9 ?is article d n diff] v mat]ially f ea* o!r4 ,bo? are p]5nials1 gr[+ f #a to ab\t #b feet 9 height1 ) r l>ge leaves & ) yell[ fl[]s m or less m>k$ ) purple1 ! ma9 diff]5ce be+ t 9 hirsutum ! fl[] is l>g] & pale yell[1 :ile 9 p>viflorum ! fl[] is small1 bright yell[1 & p]haps m prom95tly /rip$ & spott$ ) purple4 ,! /em1 leaves & inside ( corolla or lip are some:at hairy 9 ! l>ge yell[ lady's-slipp]1 b n 9 ! small yell[ lady's-slipp]4 ,^! hairs are said to be irritat+ to "s p 9 :om !y cause an eruption ( ! sk94 ,illu/ration3 ,l>ge ,yell[ ,lady's ,slipp] 7,cyrprip$ium ,hirsutum74 ,! leaves ( ! ,lady's-,slipp] v>y 9 size f #b to #f in*es 9 l5g? & f #a to #c in*es 9 wid?1 & are broadly oval or elliptic1 %>p po9t$1 ) num]\s p>allel ve9s1 & %ea?+ at ! base1 some:at hairy 9 ! l>ge ,lady's-,slipp]4 ,! solit>y t]m9al fl[]1 :i* appe>s f ,may to ,june1 is v %[y & curi\sly =m$1 ! lip be+ ! mo/ prom95t "p4 ,?is lip looks l a l>ge inflat$ bay 7#a to #b in*es long 9 ! l>ge ,lady's-,slipp]71 pale yell[ or bright yell[ 9 color1 v>i\sly /rip$ & blot*$ ) purple4 ,! o!r p>ts ( ! fl[] are gre5i% or yell[i%1 ) purple /ripes1 & ! petals are usually twi/$4 ,description ( ,root/ock--,! ,root/ock is ( horizontal gr[?1 crook$1 fle%y & ) num]\s wavy1 fibr\s roots4 ,z f\nd 9 comm]ce1 ! root/ocks are f #a to #d in*es 9 l5g?1 ab\t an eigh? ( an in* 9 ?ickness1 d>k br[n1 ! upp] surface %[+ num]\s r\nd cup-%ap$ sc>s1 ! rema9s ( =m] annual /ems1 & ! l[] surface ?ickly cov]$ ) wavy1 wiry1 & brittle roots1 ! latt] break+ (f ) a %ort1 :ite fracture4 ,! odor is r heavy & disagreeable & ! ta/e is describ$ z sweeti%1 bitt] & some:at pung5t4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,bo? root/ock & roots are us$ & ^! %\ld be collect$ 9 autumn1 fre$ f dirt & c>efully dri$ 9 ! %ade4 ,^! beautiful plants are becom+ r>e 9 _m localities4 ,sometimes su* high pric$ drugs z gold5 seal & s5ega are f\nd mix$ ) ! lady's-slipp]1 b z ^! are m exp5sive ?an ! lady's-slipp] x is n likely t !y are includ$ ) fraudul5t int5t & !y c be readily di/+ui%$4 ,! prices paid to collectors ( ?is root range f #cb to #ce c5ts a p\nd4 ,! pr9cipal use ( ,lady's-,slipp]1 :i* is (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia1 is z an antispasmodic & n]ve tonic1 & x has be5 us$ = ! same purposes z val]ian4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,,=e/ ,,roots4 ,! facts set =? 9 ! foll[+ pages are f ,am]ican ,root ,drugs1 a valuable pamphlet issu$ 9 #aijg by ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture--,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry--& writt5 by ,alice ,h5kel4 ,be?root4 ,trillium ,erectum ,l4 ,o!r ,common ,names3 ,trillium1 r$ trillium1 purple trillium1 ill-sc5t$ trillium1 bir?root1 bir?wort1 ba?wort1 ba?fl[]1 r$ wake-rob91 purple wake-rob91 ill-sc5t$ wake-rob91 r$-b5jam91 bumblebee-root1 daffyd[n-dilly1 di%clo?1 ,indian balm1 ,indian %amrock1 noseble$1 squawfl[]1 squawroot1 wood-lily1 true-love1 orange-blossom4 ,_m ( ^! names are appli$ also to o!r species ( ,trillium4 ,habitat & ,range--,be?root is a native plant gr[+ 9 ri* soil 9 damp1 %ady woods f ,canada s\? to ,t5nessee & ,miss\ri4 ,description ( ,plant--,?is plant is a p]5nial belong+ to ! lily-(-!-valley family 7,convall>iaceae74 ,x is a l[ gr[+ plant1 f ab\t #h to #af in*es 9 height1 ) a r /\t /em1 hav+ ?ree leaves arrang$ 9 a :orl ne> ! top4 ,^! leaves are broadly ovate1 almo/ circul> 9 outl9e1 %>p po9t$ at ! apex & n>r[$ at ! base1 #c to #g in*es long & ab\t z wide1 & practically /emless4 ,n only ! leaves ( ?is plant1 b ! fl[]s & p>ts ( ! fl[]s are arrang$ 9 ?rees1 & ?is feature w s]ve to id5tify ! plant4 ,! solit>y t]m9al fl[] ( ,be?root has ?ree sepals & ?ree petals1 bo? m or less lance %ap$ & spread+1 ! =m] gre5i%1 & ! petals1 :i* are #a #a_/d in*es long & "o-half in* wide1 are sometimes d>k purple1 p9k1 gre5i%1 or :ite4 ,! fl[] has an unpleasant odor4 ,x appe>s f ,april to ,june & is foll[$ lat] 9 ! season by an oval1 r$di% b]ry4 ,illu/ration3 ,be?root 7,trillium ,erectum74 ,v>i\s o!r species ( ,trillium are us$ 9 m$ic9e1 possess+ prop]ties simil> to ^? ( ! species "u consid]ation4 ,^! are also v simil> 9 appe>ance to ,trillium ,erectum4 ,description ( ,root--,be?root1 z f\nd 9 ! /ores1 is %ort & ?ick1 ( a light-br[n color ext]nally1 :iti% or yell[i% inside1 some:at globul> or oblong 9 %ape1 & cov]$ all ar\nd ) num]\s pale br[n1 %rivel$ rootlets4 ,! top ( ! root g5]ally %[s a succession ( f9e circles or r+s1 & usually be>s ! rema9s ( /em bases4 ,! root has a slight odor1 & is at fir/ sweeti% & a/r+5t1 foll[$ by a bitt] & acrid ta/e4 ,:5 *ew$ x causes a fl[ ( saliva4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,be?root is g5]ally collect$ t[>d ! close ( summ]4 ,! price ranges f #g to #aj c5ts a p\nd4 ,x 0 mu* e/eem$ z a rem$y among ! ,indians & e>ly settl]s4 ,its pres5t use is t ( an a/r+5t1 tonic1 & alt]ative1 & also t ( an expectorant4 ,culv]'s-,root4 ,v]onica ,virg9ia ,l4 7a7 ,synonym--,lept&ra ,virg9ica 7,l7 ,nutt4 7a7 ,o!r ,common ,names--,culv]'s physic1 blackroot1 b[man's-root1 ,beaumont-root1 ,br9ton-root1 tall spe$well1 tall v]onica1 physic-root1 :olywort4 ,habitat & ,range--,?is common indig5\s h]b is f\nd abundantly 9 moi/1 ri* woods1 m\nta9 valleys1 mead[s & ?ickets f ,briti% ,columbia s\? to ,alabama1 ,miss\ri & ,nebraska4 ,description ( ,plant--,culv]'s-,root is a tall1 sl5d] /emm$ p]5nial belong+ to ! figwort family 7,scrophul>iaceae74 ,x is f #c to #g feet 9 height1 ) ! leaves arrang$ ar\nd ! simple /ems 9 :orls ( ?ree to n9e4 ,! leaves are borne on v %ort /ems1 are lance %ap$1 long po9t$ at ! apex1 n>r[$ at ! base1 & %>ply too!d1 #c to #f in*es 9 l5g? & #a in* or less 9 wid?4 ,! :ite tube-%ap$ fl[]s1 ) two long protrud+ /am5s1 are produc$ f ,june to ,septemb] & are borne 9 sev]al t]m9al1 d5sely cr[d$1 sl5d]1 spikelike heads f #c to #h in*es long4 7a7 ,"s au?ors hold t ?is plant belongs to ! g5us ,lept&ra & t its "n %\ld be ,lept&ra virg9ica 7,l47 ,nutt4 ,! ,ph>macopoeia is "h foll[$4 ,illu/ration3 ,culv]'s ,root 7,v]onica ,virg9ica71 ,fl[]+ ,top & ,root/ock4 ,! fl[]s1 z /at$1 are usually :ite1 ?o ! color may v>y f a p9k to a blui% or purple & on acc\nt ( its graceful spikes ( pretty fl[]s x is (t5 cultivat$ 9 g>d5s z an ornam5tal plant4 ,! fruits are small1 oblong1 compress$1 _m-se$$ capsules4 ,description ( ,root/ock--,aft] !y are dri$ ! root/ocks h a grayi% br[n appe>ance on ! outside1 & ! inside is h>d & yell[i%1 ei!r ) a holl[ c5t] or a br[ni% or purpli% pi?4 ,:5 brok5 ! fracture is t\gh & woody4 ,! root/ock measures f #d to #f in*es 9 l5g?1 is r ?ick & b5t1 ) bran*es resembl+ ! ma9 root/ock4 ,! upp] surface has a few /em sc>s1 & f ! sides & und]nea? num]\s co>se1 brittle roots are produc$ :i* h ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 artificially ins]t$ into ! root/ock4 ,culv]'s-root has a bitt] & acrid ta/e1 b no odor4 ,collection1 ,price & ,uses--,! root/ock & roots %\ld be collect$ 9 ! fall ( ! second ye>4 ,:5 fre% ^! h a fa9t odor resembl+ some:at t ( almonds1 :i* is lo/ 9 ! dry+4 ,! bitt]1 acrid ta/e ( ,culv]'s-root also becomes less ! long] x is kept1 & x is said t x %\ld be kept at lea/ a ye> be=e be+ us$4 ,! price paid to collectors ranges f #f to #aj c5ts a p\nd4 ,culv]'s-root1 :i* is (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia1 is us$ z an alt]ative1 ca?>tic & 9 disord]s ( ! liv]4 ,/one-,root4 ,coll9sonia ,canad5sis ,l4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,coll9sonia1 knob-root1 knobgrass1 knobwe$1 knotroot1 horse-balm1 horsewe$1 ri*we$1 ri*leaf1 ox-balm1 citronella4 ,habitat & ,range--,/on]oot is f\nd 9 moi/1 %ady woods f ,ma9e to ,wiscons91 s\? to ,florida & ,kansas4 ,description ( ,plant--,l mo/ ( ! o!r memb]s ( ! m9t family 7,m5?aceae71 ,/on]oot is aromatic also1 ! fre% fl[]+ plant possess+ a v pleasant1 lemon-l odor4 ,x is a tall p]5nial h]b1 gr[+ z high z #e feet4 ,! /em is /\t1 erect1 bran*$1 smoo?1 or ! upp] "p hairy4 ,illu/ration3 ,/on]oot 7,coll9sonia ,canad5sis74 ,! leaves are opposite1 ab\t #c to #h in*es long1 ?91 ovate1 po9t$ at ! apex1 n>r[$ or sometimes he>t-%ap$ at ! base1 & co>sely too!d2 ! l[] leaves are l>ge/ & are borne on sl5d] /ems1 :ile ! upp] ones are small] & almo/ /emless4 ,/on]oot is 9 fl[] f ,july to ,octob]1 produc+ l>ge1 loose1 op5 t]m9al panicles or heads ( small1 pale-yell[ lemon-sc5t$ fl[]s4 ,! fl[]s h a funnel-%ap$ #b-lipp$ corolla1 ! l[] lip1 l>g]1 p5dant & fr+$1 ) two v mu* protrud+ /am5s4 ,description ( ,root--,ev5 ! fre% root ( ?is plant is v h>d4 ,x is horizontal1 l>ge1 ?ick1 & woody1 & ! upp] side is r\gh & knotty & bran*$ irregul>ly4 ,! odor ( ! root is r disagreeable1 & ! ta/e pung5t & spicy4 ,9 ! fre% /ate1 z well z :5 dry1 ! root is extremely h>d1 :5ce ! common "n /on]oot4 ,! dri$ root is grayi% br[n ext]nally1 irregul>ly knotty on ! upp] surface f ! rema9s ( bran*es & ! sc>s left by =m] /ems & ! l[] surface %[+ a few ?9 roots4 ,! inside ( ! root is h>d & :iti%4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,/on]oot1 :i* is collect$ 9 autumn1 is employ$ = its tonic1 a/r+5t1 diuretic & diaphoretic effects4 ,! price ( ! root ranges f #b to #c #a_/b c5ts a p\nd4 ,! leaves are us$ by c\ntry p z an application to bruises4 ,crawley-,root4 ,corallorhiza ,odontorhiza 7,wild7 ,nutt4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,corallorhiza1 crawley1 coralroot1 small coralroot1 small-fl[]$ coralroot1 late coralroot1 dragon's-claw1 *ick5toe1 turkey-claw1 fev]root4 ,habitat & ,range--,ri*1 %ady woods hav+ an abundance ( leaf mold produce ?is curi\s little plant4 ,x may be f\nd 9 su* situations f ,ma9e to ,florida1 we/w>d to ,mi*igan & ,miss\ri4 ,description ( ,plant--,?is peculi> native p]5nial1 belong+ to ! or*id family 7,or*idaceae7 is unlike mo/ o!r plants1 be+ leafless1 & in/ead ( a gre5 /em x has a purpli% br[n1 %ea!d scape1 some:at swoll5 or bulb\s at ! base & be>+ a clu/]$ head ( purpli% fl[]s #b to #d in*es long4 ,x does n gr[ mu* tall] ?an ab\t a foot 9 height4 ,! fl[]s1 #f to #bj 9 a head1 appe> f ,july to ,septemb]1 & consi/ ( lance-%ap$ sepals & petals1 /rip$ ) purple & a broad1 :iti%1 oval lip1 g5]ally m>k$ ) purple & n>r[$ at ! base4 ,! se$ capsule is l>ge oblong1 or "s :at globul>4 ,illu/ration3 ,crawley-root 7,corallorhiza ,odontorhiza74 ,description ( ,root/ock--,! root/ock ( ?is plant is also curi\s1 resembl+ 9 its =mation a piece ( coral on acc\nt ( :i* x is kn[n by ! "n ( coralroot4 ,! o!r common names1 su* z *ick5toe1 turkey-claw1 etc41 all h ref]5ce to ! =m ( ! root/ock4 ,z f\nd 9 comm]ce1 ,crawley-root consi/s ( small1 d>k-br[n wr9kl$ pieces1 ! l>g] ones bran*$ l coral4 ,! ta/e at fir/ is sweeti%1 becom+ aft]w>ds slightly bitt]4 ,x has a peculi> odor :5 fre%1 b :5 dry x is )\t odor4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,crawley-root %\ld be collect$ 9 ,july or ,augu/ ,! price ranges f #bj to #ej c5ts a p\nd4 ,o!r species ( ,corallorhiza are sometimes collect$ & are said to probably possess simil> prop]ties4 ,?is root is aid to be v effective = promot+ p]spiration & x is also us$ z a s$ative & 9 fev]4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,,=e/ ,,plants4 ,male ,f]n4 ,ph>macopoeial ,"n--,aspidium4 ,o!r ,common ,names3 7#a7 ,male %ield-f]n1 sweet brake1 knotty brake1 basket-f]n1 be>'s-paw root2 7#b7 m>g9al-fruit$ %ield-f]n1 ev]gre5 wood-f]n4 ,habitat & ,range--,^! f]ns are f\nd 9 rocky woods1 ! male %ield-f]n inhabit+ ! region f ,canada we/w>d to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s & ,arizona4 ,x is widely di/ribut$ also ?r\gh ,europe1 nor!rn ,asia1 nor!rn ,africa1 & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! m>g9al-fruit$ %ield-f]n1 "o ( our mo/ common f]ns1 occurs f ,canada s\?w>d to ,alabama & ,arkansas4 ,description ( ,plants--,bo? ( ^! species are tall1 h&some f]ns1 ! long1 erect fronds1 or leaves1 aris+ f a *affy1 scaly base1 & consi/+ ( num]\s cr[d$ /emless leaflets1 :i* are v>i\sly divid$ & not*$4 ,!re is b little diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two species4 ,! male %ield-f]n is p]haps a trifle /\t]1 ! leaves gr[+ ab\t #c feet 9 l5g? & hav+ a bright-gre5 color1 :]eas ! m>g9al-fruit$ %ield-f]n has light] gre5 leaves1 ab\t #b #a_/b feet 9 l5g?1 & is ( m sl5d] appe>ance4 ,! pr9cipal diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 is f\nd 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! sori1 or fruit dots1 ,^! are ! v small1 r\nd1 tawny dots t are f\nd on ! backs ( f]n leaves1 & 9 ! male %ield-f]n ^! w be f\nd arrang$ 9 %ort r[s ne> ! midrib1 :ile 9 ! m>g9al-fruit$ %ield-f]n1 z ?is "n indicates1 ! fruit dots are plac$ on ! m>g9s ( ! fronds4 ,bo? plants are p]5nials & memb]s ( ! f]n family 7,polypodiaceae74 ,illu/ration3 ,m>g9al-,fruit$ ,%ield-,f]n 7,dryopt]is ,m>g9alis74 ,description ( ! ,root/ock--,^! f]ns h /\t asc5d+ or erect *affy root/ocks1 or rhizomes z !y are te*nically kn[n4 ,z tak5 f ! gr\nd ! root/ock is f #f to #ab in*es 9 l5g? & #a to #b in*es ?ick1 cov]$ ) closely ov]lapp+1 br[n1 slightly curv$ /ipe bases or leaf bases & s(t1 br[n1 *affy scales4 ,! inside ( ! root/ock is pale gre54 ,z f\nd 9 ! /ores1 h[ev]1 male-f]n ) ! /ipe bases & roots remov$ measure ab\t #c to #f in*es 9 l5g? & ab\t "o-half to #a in* 9 ?ickness1 r\gh :]e ! /ipe bases h be5 remov$1 br[n outside1 pale gre5 & r spongy inside4 ,! /ipe bases rema9 gre5 = a v long p]iod1 & ^! small1 claw-%ap$ furr[$ portions1 or f+]s z !y are call$1 =m a l>ge proportion ( ! drug f\nd on ! ,am]ican m>ket &1 9 fact1 are said to h l>gely sup]s$$ ! root/ock4 ,male-f]n has a disagreeable odor1 & ! ta/e is describ$ z bitt]-sweet1 a/r+5t1 acrid1 & nause\s4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! be/ "t = collect+ ,male-f]n root is f ,july to ,septemb]4 ,! root %\ld be c>efully clean$1 b n wa%$1 dri$ out ( doors 9 ! %ade z quickly z possible1 & %ipp$ to druggi/s at once4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia directs t ! *aff1 toge!r ) ! dead portions ( ! rhizome & /ipes1 %\ld be remov$1 & only su* portions us$ z h reta9$ _! int]nal gre5 color4 ,great c>e is necess>y 9 ! pres]vation ( ?is drug 9 ord] to prev5t x f det]iorat+4 ,if kept too long its activity w be impair$1 & x is said t x w reta9 its qualities mu* long] if x is n peel$ until requir$ = use4 ,! unreliability sometimes attribut$ to ?is drug c 9 mo/ in/ances be trac$ to ! pres5ce ( ! root/ocks ( o!r f]ns ) :i* x is (t5 adult]at$1 or x w be f\nd to be due to improp] /or+ or to ! l5g? ( "t t x has be5 kept4 ,! prices paid = ,male-f]n root range f #e to #aj c5ts a p\nd4 ,male-f]n1 (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia1 has be5 us$ s9ce ! remote/ times z a rem$y = worms4 ,grave results are sometimes caus$ by ov]doses4 ,gold?read4 ,coptis ,trifolia 7,l47 ,salisb4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,coptis1 cank]root1 m\?root1 yell[root4 ,habitat & ,range--,?is pretty little p]5nial is native 9 damp1 mossy woods & bogs f ,canada & ,alaska s\? ( ,m>yl& & ,m9nesota4 ,x is mo/ common 9 ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates1 nor!rn ,new ,york & ,mi*igan1 & 9 ,canada1 :]e x frequ5ts ! d>k sphagnum swamps1 cold bogs & 9 ! %ade ( d5se =e/s ( c$>s1 p9es & o!r ev]gre5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,gold?read 7,coptis ,trifolia74 ,description ( ,plant--,any "o famili> ) ?is attractive little plant w agree t x is well nam$4 ,! roots ( ,gold?read1 runn+ n f> b5ea? ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 are inde$ l s _m tangl$ ?reads ( gold4 ,! plant 9 ! g5]al appe>ance ( its leaves & fl[]s v closely resembles ! /rawb]ry plant4 ,x is ( l[ gr[?1 only #c to #f in*es 9 height1 & belongs to ! cr[foot family 7,ranunculaceae74 ,! leaves are all basal1 & are borne on long1 sl5d] /ems2 !y are ev]gre51 d>k gre5 & %9+ on ! upp] surface & light] gre5 b5ea?1 divid$ into ?ree p>ts1 :i* are prom95tly ve9$ & too!d4 ,a s+le small1 :ite1 />-%ap$ fl[] is borne at ! ends ( ! fl[]+ /alks1 appe>+ f ,may to ,augu/4 ,! #e to #g sepals or lobes ( ! calyx are :ite & l petals1 & ! petals ( ! corolla1 #e to #g 9 numb]1 are small]1 club %ap$1 & yell[ at ! base4 ,! se$ pods are /alk$1 oblong1 compress$1 spread+1 tipp$ ) p]si/5t /yle & conta9+ small black se$s4 ,description ( ,root--,gold?read has a long1 sl5d]1 creep+ root1 :i* is mu* bran*$ & frequ5tly matt$4 ,! color ( ^! roots is a bright gold5 yell[4 ,z f\nd 9 ! /ores1 ,gold?read consi/s usually ( tangl$ masses ( ^! gold5-yell[ roots1 mix$ ) ! leaves & /ems ( ! plant1 b ! root is ! "p prescrib$ = use4 ,! root is bitt] & has no odor4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! "t = collect+ ,gold?read is 9 autumn4 ,aft] remov+ ! cov]+ ( dead leaves & moss1 ! creep+ yell[ roots ( ,gold?read w be se5 v close to ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 f :i* !y c be easily pull$4 ,!y %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be c>efully dri$4 ,z already /at$1 al?o ! roots & rootlets are ! p>ts to be us$1 ! comm]cial article is freely mix$ ) ! leaves & /ems ( ! plant4 ,evid5ces ( ! p9e-woods home ( ?is plant1 9 ! =m ( p9e ne$les & bits ( moss1 are (t5 se5 9 ! ,gold?read receiv$ = m>ket4 ,gold?read br+s f #fj to #gj c5ts a p\nd4 ,! ,indians & e>ly :ite settl]s us$ ?is little root z a rem$y = v>i\s =ms ( ulc]at$ & sore m\?1 & x is /ill us$ z a wa% or g>gle = affections ( ?is sort4 ,x is also employ$ z a bitt] tonic4 ,gold?read 0 (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia f #ahbj to #ahhj4 ,tw9leaf4 ,jeff]sonia ,diphylla 7,l47 ,p]s4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,jeff]sonia1 rheumatism-root1 helmetpod1 gr\nd-squirrel pea1 yell[root4 ,habitat & ,range--,tw9leaf inhabits ri*1 %ady woods f ,new ,york to ,virg9ia & we/w>d to ,wiscons94 ,description ( ,plant--,?is native h]bace\s p]5nial is only ab\t #f to #h in*es 9 height :5 9 fl[]4 ,at ! fruit+ /age x is frequ5tly #ah in*es 9 height4 ,x is "o ( our e>ly spr+ plants1 & its :ite fl[]1 resembl+ t ( bloodroot1 is produc$ z e>ly z ,april4 ,illu/ration3 ,tw9leaf 7,jeff]sonia diphylla71 ,plant & ,se$ ,capsule4 ,! long-/emm$1 smoo? leaves1 produc$ 9 pairs & aris+ f ! base ( ! plant1 are r oddly =m$4 ,!y are ab\t #c to #f in*es long1 #b to #d in*es wide1 he>t %ap$ or kidney %ap$1 b p>t$ l5g?wise into two lobes or divisions1 really giv+ ! appe>ance ( two leaves2 h5ce ! common "n ,tw9leaf4 ,! fl[] ) its eight oblong1 spread+ :ite petals measures ab\t #a in* across1 & is borne at ! summit ( a sl5d] /alk aris+ f ! root4 ,! _m-se$$ capsule is ab\t #a in* long1 lea!ry1 some:at pe> %ap$1 & op5+ half way ar\nd ne> ! top1 ! upp] "p =m+ a sort ( lid4 ,tw9leaf belongs to ! b>b]ry family4 7,b]b]idaceae47 ,description ( ,root/ock--,tw9leaf has a horizontal root/ock1 ) _m fibr\s1 mu*-matt$ roots1 & is v simil> to t ( blue coho%1 b n s long4 ,x is ?ick1 knotty1 yell[i% br[n ext]nally1 ) a res9\s b>k1 & int]nally yell[i%4 ,! inn] portion is ne>ly ta/eless1 b ! b>k has a bitt] & acrid ta/e4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! root/ock is collect$ 9 autumn & is us$ z a diuretic1 alt]ative1 antispasmodic & a /imulat+ diaphoretic4 ,l>ge doses are said to be emetic & small] doses tonic & expectorant4 ,! price paid = ,tw9leaf root ranges f ab\t #e to #g c5ts a p\nd4 ,canada ,moonse$4 ,m5isp]mum ,canad5se ,l4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,m5isp]mum1 yell[ p>illa1 ,texas s>sap>illa1 yell[ s>s>p>illa1 v9e-maple4 ,habitat & ,range--,canada ,moonse$ is usually f\nd along /reams 9 woods1 climb+ ov] bu%es1 its range ext5d+ f ,canada to ,georgia & ,arkansas4 ,illu/ration3 ,canada ,moonse$ 7,m5isp]mum ,canad5se74 ,description ( ,plant--,?is native p]5nial woody climb] rea*es a l5g? ( f #f to #ab feet1 ! r\nd1 r sl5d] /em be>+ v broad1 sl5d]-/alk$ leaves4 ,^! leaves are f #d to #h in*es wide1 smoo? & gre5 on ! upp] surface & pal] b5ea?1 r\ndi% 9 outl9e & entire1 or sometimes lob$ & resembl+ ! leaves ( "s ( our maples1 :5ce ! common "n v9e-maple is probably d]iv$4 ,! bases ( ! leaves are g5]ally he>t %ap$ & ! apex po9t$ or blunt4 ,9 ,july ! loose clu/]s ( small1 yell[i% or gre5i% :ite fl[]s are produc$1 foll[$ 9 ,septemb] by bun*es ( black "o-se$$ fruit1 cov]$ ) a bloom & v mu* resembl+ grapes4 ,canada ,moonse$ belongs to ! moonse$ family 7,m5isp]maceae47 ,description ( ,root/ock--,! root/ock & roots are employ$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,9 ! /ores x w be f\nd 9 long1 /raight pieces1 sometimes #c feet 9 l5g?1 only ab\t "o-f\r? ( an in* 9 ?ickness1 yell[i% br[n or grayi% br[n1 f9ely wr9kl$ l5g?wise1 & giv+ (f f9e1 hairlike1 bran*$1 br[ni% roots f jo9ts :i* occur e in* or s4 ,! inside %[s a di/9ct :ite pi? ( v>iable ?ickness & a yell[i% :ite wood ) broad1 por\s wood rays1 ! :ole break+ ) a t\gh1 woody fracture4 ,x has practically no odor1 b a bitt] ta/e4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,canada ,moonse$ is collect$ 9 autumn & br+s f #d to #h c5ts a p\nd4 ,x is us$ z a tonic1 alt]ative1 & diuretic & 0 (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia = #ahij4 ,wild ,turnip4 ,synonym--,arum ,triphyllum ,l4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,arum1 ?ree-leav$ arum1 ,indian turnip1 jack-9-!-pulpit1 wake rob91 wild pepp]1 dragon-turnip1 br[n dragon1 devil's-e>1 m>%-turnip1 swamp-turnip1 mead[-turnip1 pepp]-turnip1 />*-wort1 bog-onion1 prie/'s-p9tle & lords-&-ladies4 ,habitat & ,range--,wild ,turnip inhabits moi/ woods f ,canada to ,florida & we/w>d to ,kansas & ,m9nesota4 ,description ( ,plant--,e>ly 9 ,april ! qua9t gre5 & br[ni% purple hood$ fl[]s ( ! wild turnip may be se5 9 ! %ady dep?s ( ! woods4 ,illu/ration3 ,wild ,turnip 7,arisaema ,triphyllum74 ,x is a p]5nial plant belong+ to ! arum family 7,araceae71 & rea*es a height ( f #aj in*es to #c feet4 ,! leaves1 ( :i* !re are only "o or two1 unfold ) ! fl[]s2 !y are borne on long1 erect1 %ea?+ /alks1 & consi/ ( ?ree smoo?1 oval leaflets1 ! latt] are #c to #f in*es long1 & f #a #a_/b to #c #a_/b in*es wide1 net ve9$1 & ) "o ve9 runn+ p>allel ) ! m>g9s4 ,! fl[] is curi\sly =m$1 some:at l ! calla lily1 consi/+ ( :at is kn[n botanically z a spa!1 )9 :i* is inclos$ ! spadix4 ,! spa! is an oval1 leaflike "p1 ! l[] portion ( :i*1 9 ! fl[] "u consid]ation1 is roll$ toge!r s z to =m a tube1 :ile ! upp]1 po9t$ "p is usually b5t =w>d1 ?us =m+ a flap ( hood ov] ! tube %ap$ "p :i* conta9s ! spadix4 ,9 fact x is v simil> to ! famili> fl[] ( ! calla lily ( ! g>d5s1 except t1 in/ead ( be+ :ite1 ! wild turnip is ei!r all gre5 or /rip$ ) v d>k purple1 sometimes seem+ almo/ black1 & 9 ! calla lily ! flap is turn$ back1 :]eas 9 ! wild turnip x is b5t =w>d ov] ! tube4 ,inside ( ! spa! is ! spadix1 also gre5 or purple1 :i* is club %ap$1 r\nd$ at ! summit1 & n>r[ly contract$ at ! base1 :]e x is surr\nd$ by ei!r ! male or female fl[]s or bo?1 9 ! latt] case 7! mo/ infrequ5t7 ! male fl[]s be+ plac$ bel[ ! female fl[]s4 ,9 autumn ! fruit rip5s 9 ! =m ( a bun* ( bright sc>let1 %9+ b]ries4 ,! entire plant is acrid1 b ! root m especially s4 ,description ( ! ,root--,! und]gr\nd portion ( ?is plant is kn[n botanically z a corm1 & is some:at globul> & %ap$ l a turnip4 ,! l[] "p ( ! corm is flat & wr9kl$1 :ile ! upp] "p is surr\nd$ by co>se1 wavy rootlets4 ,! outside is br[ni% gray & ! inside :ite & mealy4 ,x has no odor1 b an int5sely acrid1 burn+ ta/e1 & to ^? :o may h be5 induc$ 9 _! s*ool days to ta/e ( ?is root wild turnip w be famili> *iefly on acc\nt ( its nev]-to-be-=gott5 acrid1 inde$1 cau/ic1 prop]ties4 ,! dri$ article ( comm]ce consi/s ( r\nd1 :ite slices1 ) br[n edges1 only slightly %runk51 & break+ ) a />*y fracture4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! p>tially dri$ corm is us$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,x is dug 9 summ]1 transv]sely slic$1 & dri$4 ,:5 fir/ dug x is int5sely acrid1 b dry+ & heat dim9i% ! acridity4 ,x loses its acridity rapidly ) age4 ,wild ,turnip br+s f #g to #aj c5ts a p\nd4 ,! corm ( ,wild turnip1 :i* 0 (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia f #ahbj to #ahgj1 is us$ z a /imulant1 diaphoretic1 expectorant1 & irritant4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,,?icket ,,plants4 ,black ,indian ,hemp4 ,apocynum ,cannab9um ,l4 ,ph>macopoeial ,"n--,apocynum4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,canadian hemp1 ,am]ican hemp1 amy-root1 b[man's-root1 bitt]root1 ,indian-physic1 rheumatism-we$1 milkwe$1 wild cotton1 ,*octaw-root4 ,! "n ,indian hemp is (t5 appli$ to ?is plant1 b x %\ld nev] be us$ )\t ! adjective black4 ,indian hemp is a "n t prop]ly belongs to ,canabis indica1 a true hemp plant1 f :i* ! n>cotic drug ha%i% is obta9$4 ,habitat & ,range--,black ,indian hemp is a native ( ?is c\ntry & may be f\nd 9 ?ickets & along ! bord]s ( old fields ?ru\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,description ( ,plant--,?is is a common h]bace\s p]5nial ab\t #b to #d feet high1 ) erect or asc5d+ bran*es1 &1 l mo/ ( ! plants belong+ to ! dogbane family 7,apocynaceae71 conta9s a milky juice4 ,! %ort-/emm$ opposite leaves are oblong1 lance %ap$ oblong or ovate-oblong1 ab\t #b to #f in*es long1 usually %>p po9t$1 ! upp] surface smoo? & ! l[] sometimes hairy4 ,! plant is 9 fl[] f ,june to ,augu/ & ! small gre5i% :ite fl[]s are borne 9 d5se heads1 foll[$ lat] by ! sl5d] pods1 :i* are ab\t #d in*es 9 l5g? & po9t$ at ! apex4 ,o!r ,species--,consid]able confusion seems to exi/ 9 reg>d to :i* species yields ! root :i* has prov$ ( greate/ value m$ic9ally4 ,! ,ph>macopoeia directs t ! dri$ rhizome & roots ( ,apocynum cannab9um or ( closely alli$ species ( ,apocynum be us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,black ,indian ,hemp 7,apocynum ,cannab9um71 ,fl[]+ ,portion1 ,pods1 & ,root/ock4 ,9 ! old] botanical works & m$ical h]bals only two species ( ,apocynum 7 recogniz$1 namely1 ,a4 cannab9um ,l4 & ,a4 &rosaemifolium ,l41 al?o x 0 kn[n t bo? ( ^! 7 v v>iable4 ,9 ! new] botanical manuals bo? ( ^! species /ill hold good1 b ! diff]5t =ms & v>iations are n[ recogniz$ z di/9ct species1 ^? =m]ly ref]r$ to cannabium be+ di/+ui%$ by ! erect or ne>ly erect lobes ( ! corolla1 & ^? ( ! &rosaemifolium gr\p be+ di/+ui%$ by ! spread+ or recurv$ lobes ( ! corolla4 ,among ! plants t 7 =m]ly collect$ z ,apocynum or v>ietal =ms ( x1 & :i* are n[ consid]$ z di/9ct species1 may be m5tion$ 9 ! foll[+3 ,riv]bank-dogbane 7,a4 ,album ,gre5e71 :i* frequ5ts ! banks ( riv]s & simil> moi/ locations f ,ma9e to ,wiscons91 ,virg9ia & ,miss\ri4 ,?is plant is p]fectly smoo? & has :ite fl[]s & relatively small] leaves ?an ,a4 cannab9um4 ,velvet dogbane 7,a4 pubesc5s ,r4 ,br471 :i* is common f ,virg9ia to ,ill9ois1 ,i[a & ,miss\ri4 ,! entire plant has a s(t1 hairy or velvety appe>ance1 :i* r5d]s id5tification easy4 ,accord+ to ! late/ edition ( ! ,national ,/&>d ,disp5satory x is n unlikely t ?is is ! plant t furni%es ! drug t has be5 s favorably report$ ^u4 ,apocynum &rosaemifolium is also ga!r$ by drug collectors = ,apocynum cannab9um4 ,its root is likewise employ$ 9 m$ic9e1 b its action is n ! same z t ( cannab9um & x %\ld !re=e n be sub/itut$ = x4 ,x closely resembles cannab9um4 ,description ( ,root/ock--,! foll[+ description ( ! drug z f\nd 9 comm]ce is tak5 f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia3 ,( v>y+ l5g?1 #c to #h mm4 ?ick1 cyl9drical or ) a few angles produc$ by dry+1 lightly wr9kl$1 longitud9ally & usually m or less fissur$ transv]sely2 orange-br[n1 becom+ gray-br[n on keep+2 brittle2 fracture %>ply transv]se1 exhibit+ a ?9 br[n lay] ( cork1 ! rema9d] ( ! b>k ne>ly z ?ick z ! radius ( ! wood1 :ite or sometimes p9ki%1 />*y1 conta9+ laticif]\s ducts2 ! wood yell[i%1 hav+ sev]al r+s1 f9ely radiate & v co>sely por\s2 almo/ inodor\s1 ! ta/e />*y1 aft]w>ds becom+ bitt] & some:at acrid4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! root ( black ,indian hemp is collect$ 9 autumn & br+s f #h to #aj c5ts a p\nd4 ,x is (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia & has emetic1 ca?>tic1 diaphoretic1 expectorant & diuretic prop]ties1 & on acc\nt ( ! la/-nam$ action x is us$ 9 dropsical affections4 ,! t\gh1 fibr\s b>k ( ! /alks ( ,black ,indian ,hemp 0 employ$ by ! ,indians z a sub/itute = hemp 9 mak+ tw9e1 fi%+ nets1 etc4 ,*amaelirium1 or ,helonias4 ,*amaelirium ,luteum 7,l47 ,a4 ,gray4 ,synonym--,helonias ,dioica ,pur%4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,unicorn root1 false unicorn-root1 blaz+ />1 droop+ />wort1 />wort1 devil's-bit1 unicorn's-horn4 ,9 ord] to avoid ! exi/+ confusion ( common names ( ?is plant1 x is mo/ desirable to use ! sci5tific names ,*amaelirium or ,helonias exclusively4 ,*amaelirium is ! mo/ rec5t botanical designation & w be us$ ?ru\t ?is article1 b ! synonym ,helonias is a "n v frequ5tly employ$ by ! drug trade4 ,! plant ) :i* x is s mu* confus$1 ,aletris f>9osa1 w also be designat$ ?ru\t by its g5]ic "n1 ,aletris4 ,illu/ration3 ,*amaelirium 7,*amaelirium ,luteum74 ,habitat & ,range--,?is native plant is f\nd 9 op5 woods f ,massa*usetts to ,mi*igan1 s\? to ,florida & ,arkansas4 ,description ( ,plant--,*amaelirium & ,aletris 7,aletris f>9osa7 h long be5 confus$ by drug collectors & o!rs1 ow+ und\bt$ly to ! transposition ( "s ( _! simil> common names1 su* z />wort & />grass4 ,! plants c sc>cely be said to resemble ea* o!r1 h[ev]1 except p]haps 9 _! g5]al habit ( gr[?4 ,! male & female fl[]s ( ,*amaelirium are borne on sep>ate plants1 & 9 ?is respect are entirely diff]5t f ,aletris2 nei!r d ! fl[]s resemble ^? ( ,aletris4 ,*amaelirium is an erect1 some:at fle%y h]b1 p]5nial1 & belongs to ! bun*fl[] family 7,melan?iaceae47 ,! male plant gr[s to a height ( f #a #a_/b to #b #a_/b feet1 & ! female plant is sometimes #d feet tall & is also m leafy4 ,! plants h bo? basal & /em leaves1 :]e z ,aletris has only ! basal leaves4 ,! basal leaves ( ,*amaelirium are broad & blunt at ! top1 n>r[+ t[>d ! base into a long /em2 !y are sometimes s mu* broad5$ at ! top t !y may be *>act]iz$ z spoon %ap$1 & are f #b to #h in*es long & f "o-half to #a #a_/b in*es wide4 ,! /em leaves are lance %ap$ & %>p po9t$1 on %ort /ems or /emless4 ,! :ite />ry fl[]s ( ,*amaelirium are produc$ f ,june to ,july1 ^? ( ! male plant be+ borne 9 nodd+1 graceful1 plume-l spikes #c to #i in*es long1 & ^? ( ! female plant 9 erect spikes4 ,! _m se$$ capsule is oblong1 op5+ by ?ree valves at ! apex4 ,ano!r species is n[ recogniz$1 ,*amaelirium obovale ,small1 :i* seems to diff] *iefly 9 hav+ l>g] fl[]s & obovoid capsules4 ,description ( ,root/ock--,! root/ock ( ,*amaelirium does n 9 ! lea/ resemble t ( ,aletris1 ) :i* x is s g5]ally confus$4 ,x is f "o-half to #b in*es 9 l5g?1 g5]ally curv$ upw>d at "o end 9 ! =m ( a horn 7:5ce ! common "n1 unicorn7 & hav+ ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 bitt5 (f4 ,x is ( a d>k br[n color ) f9e transv]se wr9kles1 r\gh1 on ! upp] surface %[+ a few /em sc>s1 & giv+ (f f all sides num]\s br[n fibr\s rootlets4 ,! m rec5t rootlets h a s(t out] cov]+1 :i* 9 ! old] rootlets has worn away1 leav+ ! f9e b t\gh & woody :iti% c5t]4 ,! rootlets p5etrate to ! c5tral "p ( ! root/ock1 & ?is s]ves z a di/+ui%+ "* f ,aletris1 z a transv]se section ( ,*amaelirium v pla9ly %[s ^! fib]s ext5d+ "s di/ance )9 ! root/ock4 ,fur!rmore1 ! root/ock ( ,*amaelirium exhibits a numb] ( small holes :]ev] ^! rootlets h brok5 (f1 giv+ x ! appe>ance ( hav+ become wormy4 ,x is h>d & horny )9 & has a peculi> odor & a v bitt]1 disagreeable ta/e1 :]eas ,aletris is n at all bitt]4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,*amaelirium %\ld be collect$ 9 autumn4 ,! prices paid to collectors may be said to range f ab\t #cj to #de c5ts a p\nd4 ,9 ! fall ( #aijf a sc>city ( ?is root 0 report$4 ,z already indicat$1 ,*amaelirium & ,aletris are (t5 ga!r$ & mi/ak5 = ea* o!r by collectors1 b1 z w be se5 f ! prec$+ description1 !re is really no excuse = su* error4 ,f ! confusion t has exi/$ prop]ties peculi> to ! "o plant h also be5 attribut$ to ! o!r1 b x seems n[ g5]ally agre$ t ,*amaelirium is ( use especially 9 d]angem5ts ( wom54 ,wild ,yam4 ,dioscorea ,villosa ,l4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,dioscorea1 colicroot1 rheumatism-root1 devil's bones4 ,habitat & ,range--,wild yam gr[s 9 moi/ ?ickets1 trail+ ov] adjac5t %rubs & bu%es1 its range ext5d+ f ,rhode ,isl& to ,m9nesota1 s\? to ,florida & ,texas4 ,x is mo/ common 9 ! c5tral & s\!rn portions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,description ( ,plant--,?is native p]5nial v9e is simil> to & belongs to ! same family z ! well-kn[n c9namon v9e ( ! g>d5s--namely1 ! yam family 7,dioscoreaceae47 ,x atta9s a l5g? ( ab\t #ae feet1 ! /em smoo?1 ! leaves he>t %ap$ & #b to #f in*es long by #a to #d in*es wide4 ,illu/ration3 ,wild ,yam 7,dioscorea ,villosa74 ,! leaves1 :i* are borne on long1 sl5d] /ems1 are ?91 gre51 & smoo? on ! upp] surface1 pal] & r ?ickly hairy on ! "u surface4 ,! small gre5i% yell[ fl[]s are produc$ f ,june to ,july1 ! male fl[]s borne 9 droop+ clu/]s ab\t #c to #f in*es long1 & ! female fl[]s 9 droop+ spikelike heads4 ,! fruit1 :i* is 9 ! =m ( a dry1 membran\s1 #c-w+$1 yell[i% gre5 capsule1 rip5s ab\t ,septemb] & rema9s on ! v9e = "s "t dur+ ! w9t]4 ,gr[+ f>!r s\? ?an ! species above m5tion$ is a v>iety = :i* ! "n ,glabra has be5 sugge/$4 ,accord+ to ,c4 ,g4 ,lloyd1 !re is a v>iety ( ,dioscorea ,villosa1 ! root ( :i* fir/ made its appe>ance among ! true yam roots ( comm]ce1 & :i* 0 s diff]5t 9 =m t x 0 reject$ z an adult]ation4 ,! plant1 h[ev]1 f :i* ! false root 0 d]iv$ 0 f\nd ^u inve/igation to be almo/ id5tical ) ! true yam1 except t ! leaves 7 p]fectly smoo?1 lack+ ! hair9ess on ! "u surface ( ! leaf :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ! true wild yam4 ,! false v>iety also diff]s 9 its habit ( gr[?1 n gr[+ 9 d5se clumps l ! true wild yam1 b g5]ally isolat$4 ,! root ( ! v>iety1 h[ev]1 is q di/9ct f t ( ! true wild yam1 be+ mu* m knotty4 ,lloyd /ates fur!r t ! hair9ess or lack ( hair9ess on ! "u side ( ! leaf is a c]ta9 indication z to ! =m ( ! root4 ,lloyd1 recogniz+ ! necessity ( classify+ ^! two yam roots ( comm]ce1 has designat$ ! smoo?-leav$ v>iety z ,dioscorea ,villosa v>4 ,glabra4 ,description ( ,root/ocks--,! root/ock ( ! true wild yam runs horizontally und]nea? ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,z f\nd 9 comm]ce1 x consi/s ( v h>d pieces1 #f in*es & sometimes #b feet 9 l5g?1 b only ab\t "o-f\r? or "o-half ( an in* 9 diamet]1 twi/$1 cov]$ ) a ?91 br[n b>k1 :iti% )9 & %[+ /em sc>s almo/ an in* ap>t on ! upp] surface1 small protub]ances on ! sides1 & num]\s r wiry rootlets on ! l[] surface4 ,! false wild yam1 on ! o!r h&1 has a mu* heavi]1 r\gh1 knotty root/ock1 ) ?ick bran*es f #a in* to #c in*es long1 ! upp] surface cov]$ ) cr[d$ /em sc>s & ! l[] side furni%$ ) /\t1 wiry rootlets4 ,)9 x is simil> to ! true yam root4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! roots are g5]ally collect$ 9 autumn1 & br+ f #b #a_/b to #d c5ts a p\nd4 ,wild ,yam is said to possess expectorant prop]ties & to promote p]spiration1 & 9 l>ge doses provid+ emetic4 ,x has be5 employ$ 9 bili\s colic1 & by ! negroes 9 ! ,s\? 9 ! treatm5t ( muscul> rheumatism4 ,,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,,swamp ,,plants4 ,skunk-,cabbage4 ,synonyms--,dracontium ,foetidum ,l4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,dracontium1 skunk-we$1 polecat-we$1 swamp-cabbage1 mead[-cabbage1 coll>d1 fetid1 hellebone1 /9k+ poke1 pockwe$4 ,habitat & ,range--,swamps & o!r wet places f ,canada to ,florida1 ,i[a & ,m9nesota ab\nd ) ?is ill-smell+ h]b4 ,description ( ,plant--,mo/ ( ! common names appli$ to ?is plant1 z well z ! sci5tific names1 are indicative ( ! mo/ /rik+ *>act]i/ic ( ?is e>ly spr+ visitor1 namely1 ! rank1 (f5sive1 c>rion odor t emanates f x4 ,skunk-,cabbage is "o ( ! v e>lie/ ( our spr+ fl[]s1 appe>+ 9 ,febru>y or ,m>*1 b x is safe to say t x is n likely to suff] ext]m9ation at ! h& ( ! en?usia/ic ga!r] ( spr+ fl[]s4 ,9 ! latitude ( ,wa%+ton ,skunk-,cabbage has be5 kn[n to be 9 fl[] 9 ,decemb]4 ,x is a curi\s plant1 ) its hood %ap$1 purpli% /rip$ fl[]s appe>+ be=e ! leaves4 ,x belongs to ! arum family 7,araceae7 & is a p]5nial4 ,! fl[] is 9 ! =m ( a ?ick1 ovate1 swoll5 spa!1 ab\t #c to #f in*es 9 height1 ! top po9t$ & curv$ inw>d1 spott$ & /rip$ ) purple & yell[i% gre54 ,! spa! is n l t ( ! wild turnip or calla lily1 to :i* family ?is plant also belongs1 b ! edges are roll$ inw>d1 completely hid+ ! spadix4 ,9 ?is plant ! spadix is n spike-l1 z 9 ! wild turnip1 b is g5]ally some:at globul>1 entirely cov]$ ) num]\s1 dull-purple fl[]s4 ,aft] ! fruit has rip5$ ! spadix w be f\nd to h gr[n consid]ably1 ! spa! meantime hav+ decay$4 ,! leaves1 :i* appe> aft] ! fl[]1 are num]\s & v l>ge1 ab\t #a to #c feet 9 l5g? & ab\t #a foot 9 wid?2 !y are ?9 9 texture1 b prom95tly n]v$ ) fle%y n]ves1 & are borne on deeply *annel$ /ems4 ,illu/ration3 ,skunk ,cabbage 7,spa?yema ,foetida74 ,description ( ,root/ock--,skunk-,cabbage has a ?ick1 /raight1 r$di% br[n root/ock1 f #c to #e in*es long1 & ab\t #b in*es 9 diamet]1 & hav+ a :orl ( cr[d$ fle%y roots :i* p5etrate ! soil to consid]able dep?4 ,! dri$ article ( comm]ce consi/s ( ei!r ! entire root/ock & roots1 :i* are d>k br[n & wr9kl$ )91 or ( v mu* compress$1 wr9kl$1 transv]se slices4 ,:5 bruis$1 ! root has ! *>act]i/ic fetid odor ( ! plant & possesses a %>p acrid ta/e1 bo? ( :i* become less ! long] ! root is kept4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! root/ock ( ,skunk-,cabbage are collect$ e>ly 9 spr+1 soon aft] ! appe>ance ( ! fl[]1 or aft] ! se$s h rip5$1 9 ,augu/ or ,septemb]4 ,x %\ld be c>efully dri$1 ei!r 9 its entire /ate or depriv$ ( ! roots & cut into transv]se slices4 ,skunk-,cabbage loses its odor & acridity ) age1 & %\ld !re=e n be kept long] ?an "o season4 ,! range ( prices is f #d to #g c5ts a p\nd4 ,skunk-,cabbage1 (ficial f #ahbj to #ahhj1 is us$ 9 affections ( ! respiratory organs1 9 n]v\s disord]s1 rheumatism1 & dropsical compla9ts4 ,am]ican ,hellebore4 ,v]atrum ,viride ,ait4 ,ph>macopoeial ,"n--,v]atrum4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,true v]atrum1 gre5 v]atrum1 ,am]ican v]atrum1 gre5 hellebore1 swamp-hellebore1 big hellebore1 false hellebore1 be>-corn1 bugbane1 bugwort1 devil's-bite1 e>?-gall1 ,indian poke1 it*we$1 ticklewe$1 duckrett]4 ,habitat & ,range--,am]ican ,hellebore is native 9 ri*1 wet woods1 swamps & wet mead[s4 ,its range ext5d+ f ,canada1 ,alaska1 & ,m9nesota s\? to ,georgia4 ,description ( ,plant--,e>ly 9 spr+1 usually 9 company ) ! ,skunk-,cabbage1 ! l>ge bright gre5 leaves ( ,am]ican ,hellebore make _! way ?ru ! soil1 _! /raight1 erect leaf spe>s =m+ a conspicu\s feature ( ! yet scanty spr+ vegetation4 ,lat] 9 ! season a /\t & erect leafy /em is s5t up1 sometimes gr[+ z tall z #f feet4 ,x is solid & r\nd1 pale gre51 v leafy1 & closely surr\nd$ by ! %ea?+ bases ( ! leaves1 unbran*$ except 9 ! fl[]+ head4 ,! leaves are hairy1 prom95tly n]v$1 fold$ or pleat$ l a fan4 ,!y h no /ems1 b _! bases encircle or %ea! ! ma9 /alk1 & are v l>ge1 especially ! l[] ones1 :i* are f #f to #ab in*es 9 l5g?1 f #c to #f in*es 9 wid?1 & broadly oval4 ,z !y approa* ! top ( ! plant ! leaves become n>r[]4 ,! fl[]s1 :i* appe> f ,may to ,july1 are gre5i% yell[ & num]\s1 & are borne 9 r op5 clu/]s4 ,am]ican ,hellebore belongs to ! bun*fl[] family 7,melan?iaceae7 & is a p]5nial4 ,?is species is a v ne> relative ( ! ,european :ite hellebore 7,v]atrum album ,l471 & 9 fact has by "s be5 reg>d$ z id5tical ) x1 or at lea/ z a v>iety ( x4 ,x is tall] ?an ,v4 album & has n>r[] leaves & gre5] fl[]s4 ,bo? species are (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,hellebore 7,v]atrum ,viride74 ,description ( ,root/ock--,! fre% root/ock ( ,am]ican ,hellebore is ovoid or obconical1 upright1 ?ick1 & fle%y1 ! upp] "p ( x arrang$ 9 lay]s1 ! l[] "p ( x m solid1 & produc+ num]\s :iti% roots f all sides4 ,9 ! fre% /ate x has a r /rong1 disagreeable odor4 ,z f\nd 9 comm]ce1 ,am]ican ,hellebore root/ock is sometimes entire1 b m g5]ally slic$1 & is ( a light br[n or d>k br[n color ext]nally & int]nally yell[i% :ite4 ,! roots1 :i* are f #d to #h in*es long1 h a %rivel$ appe>ance1 & are br[n or yell[i%4 ,!re is no odor to ! dri$ root/ock1 b :5 p[d]$ x causes viol5t sneez+4 ,! root/ock1 :i* has a bitt] & v acrid ta/e1 is poison\s4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,am]ican ,hellebore %\ld be dug 9 autumn aft] ! leaves h di$ & wa%$ & c>efully dri$1 ei!r 9 ! :ole /ate or slic$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,x det]iorates ) age1 & %\ld !re=e n be kept long] ?an a ye>4 ,! adult]ations sometimes met ) are ! root/ocks ( relat$ plants1 & ! skunk-cabbage is also occasionally f\nd mix$ ) x1 b ?is is probably un9t5tional1 z ! two plants usually gr[ close toge!r4 ,collectors ( ,am]ican ,hellebore root receive f ab\t #c to #aj c5ts a p\nd4 ,am]ican ,hellebore1 (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia1 is an acrid1 n>cotic poison1 & has emetic1 diaphoretic1 & s$ative prop]ties4 ,wat]-,eryngo4 ,eryngium ,yuccifolium ,mi*x4 ,synonym--,eryngium aquaticum4 ,l4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,eryngium1 eryngo1 button-snak]oot1 corn-snak]oot1 rattlesnake-ma/]1 rattlesnake-we$1 rattlesnake-flag4 ,illu/ration3 ,wat]-,eryngo 7,eryngium ,yuccifolium74 ,habitat & ,range--,al?o sometimes occurr+ on dry l&1 ,wat]-,eryngo usually inhabits swamps & l[1 wet gr\nd1 f ! p9e b>r5s ( ,new ,j]sey we/w>d to ,m9nesota & s\? to ,texas & ,florida4 ,description ( ,plant--,! leaves ( ?is plant are grasslike 9 =m1 rigid1 #a to #b feet long & ab\t "o-half in* or a trifle m 9 wid?2 !y are l9e>1 ) p>allel ve9s1 po9t$1 g5]ally clasp+ at ! base1 & ! m>g9s briskly s(t1 sl5d] sp9es4 ,! /\t1 furr[$ /em rea*es a height ( f #b to #f feet & is g5]ally unbran*$ except ne> ! top4 ,! insignificant :iti% fl[]s are borne 9 d5se1 ovate-globul>1 /\t-/emm$ heads1 appe>+ f ,june to ,septemb]1 & ! se$ heads t foll[ are ovate & scaly4 ,wat]-,eryngo belongs to ! p>sley family 7,apiaceae7 & is native 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,description ( ,root/ock--,! /\t root/ock is v knotty1 ) num]\s %ort bran*es1 & produces _m ?ick1 r /raight roots1 bo? root/ock & roots ( a d>k br[n color1 ! latt] wr9kl$ l5g?wise4 ,! inside ( ! root/ock is yell[i% :ite4 ,wat]-,eryngo has a some:at peculi>1 slightly aromatic odor1 & a sweeti% mucilag9\s ta/e at fir/1 foll[$ by "s bitt]ness & pung5cy4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! root ( ?is plant is collect$ 9 autumn & br+s f #e to #aj c5ts a p\nd4 ,wat]-,eryngo is an old rem$y & "o ( its e>ly uses1 z ! sev]al common names indicate1 0 = ! treatm5t ( snake bites4 ,x 0 (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia f #ahbj to #ahfj1 & is employ$ n[ z a diuretic & expectorant & = promot+ p]spiration4 ,9 l>ge doses x acts z an emetic & ! root1 :5 *ew$1 excites a fl[ ( saliva4 ,x is said to resemble ,s5eca snak]oot 9 action4 ,yell[ ,jasm9e or ,jessam9e4 ,gelsemium ,semp]vir5s 7,l47 ,ait4 f4 ,ph>macopoeial ,"n--,gelsemium4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,c>ol9a jasm9e or jessam9e1 ,c>ol9a wild woodb9e1 ev5+ trumpet-fl[]4 ,habitat & ,range--,yell[ jasm9e is a plant native to ! ,s\?1 f\nd along ! banks ( /reams1 9 woods1 l[l&s1 & ?ickets1 g5]ally ne> ! coa/1 f ! ea/]n "p ( ,virg9ia to ,florida & ,texas1 s\? to ,mexico & ,guatemala4 ,description ( ,plant--,?is highly ornam5tal climb+ or trail+ plant is abundantly met ) 9 ! woods ( ! ,s\!rn /ates1 its sl5d] /ems fe/oon$ ov] trees & f5ces & mak+ its pres5ce kn[n by ! delightful p]fume exhal$ by its fl[]s1 fill+ ! air ) fragrance t is almo/ ov]p[]+ :]ev] ! yell[ jasm9e is v abundant4 ,illu/ration3 ,yell[ ,jasm9e 7,gels5sium ,semp]vir5s74 ,! smoo?1 %9+ /ems ( ?is beautiful v9e sometimes rea* a l5g? ( #bj feet4 ,! leaves are ev]gre51 lance %ap$1 entire1 #a #a_/b to #c in*es long1 r n>r[1 borne on %ort /ems1 & g5]ally rema9+ on ! v9e dur+ ! w9t]4 ,! fl[]s1 :i* appe> f ,janu>y to ,april1 are bright yell[1 ab\t #a to #a #a_/b in*es long1 ! corolla funnel %ap$4 ,!y are v fragrant b poison\s1 & x is /at$ ! eat+ ( honey d]iv$ f jasm9e fl[]s has br\ght ab\t fatal results4 ,yell[ ,jasm9e is a p]5nial & belongs to a family t is not$ = its poison\s prop]ties1 namely1 ! ,logania family 7,loganiaceae71 :i* numb]s among its memb]s su* p[]ful poison\s ag5ts z ! /ry*n9e-produc+ tree4 ,description ( ,root/ock--,! root/ock ( ! ,yell[ ,jasm9e is horizontal & runs ne> ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 atta9+ great l5g?1 #ae feet or m2 x is bran*$1 & "h & !re produces fibr\s rootlets4 ,:5 fre%ly remov$ f ! gr\nd x is v yell[1 ) a peculi> odor & bitt] ta/e4 ,= ! drug trade x is g5]ally cut into pieces v>y+ f #a in* to #f in*es 9 l5g?1 & :5 dri$ consi/s ( cyl9drical sections ab\t #a in* 9 ?ickness1 ! roots1 ( c\rse1 ?9n]4 ,! b>k is ?91 yell[i% br[n1 ) f9e silky ba/ fib]s & ! wood is t\gh & pale yell[1 break+ ) a spl9t]y fracture & %[+ num]\s f9e rays radiat+ f a small c5tral pi?4 ,yell[ ,jasm9e has a bitt] ta/e & a pron\nc$ heavy odor4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! root ( ,yell[ ,jasm9e is usually collect$ j aft] ! plant has come into fl[] & is cut into pieces f #a to #f in*es long4 ,x is (t5 adult]at$ ) portions ( ! /ems1 b ^! c be di/+ui%$ by _! ?9ness & d>k purpli% color4 ,! prices range f #c to #e c5ts a p\nd4 ,yell[ ,jasm9e1 :i* is (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia1 is us$ = its p[]ful effect on ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,sweet-,flag4 ,acorus ,calamus ,l4 ,ph>macopoeial ,"n--,calamus4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,sweet cane1 sweet grass1 sweet myrtle1 sweet ru%1 sweet s$ge1 sweet segg1 sweetroot1 c9namon-s$ge1 myrtle-flag1 myrtle-grass1 myrtle-s$ge1 beewort4 ,habitat & ,range--,?is plant frequ5ts wet & muddy places & bord]s on /reams f ,nova ,scotia to ,m9nesota1 s\?w>d to ,florida & ,texas1 also occurr+ 9 ,europe & ,asia4 ,x is usually p>tly imm]s$ 9 wat]1 & is g5]ally f\nd 9 company ) ! cat-tail & o!r wat]-lov+ species ( flag4 ,illu/ration3 ,sweet ,flag 7,acorus ,calamus74 ,description ( ,plant--,! sword l leaves ( ! ,sweet-,flag resemble ^? ( o!r flags s mu* t be=e ! plant is 9 fl[] x is difficult to recognize simply by ! appe>ance ( its leaves4 ,! leaves ( ! blue flag or poison-flag1 z x has be5 call$1 are v simil> to ^? ( ! ,sweet-,flag1 & ?is resemblance (t5 leads to cases ( poison+ among *ildr5 :o ?us mi/ake "o = ! o!r4 ,h[ev]1 z ! leaves ( ! ,sweet-,flag are fragrant1 ! odor w be a means ( recogniz+ x4 ,( c\rse :5 ! ,sweet-,flag is 9 fl[] ! id5tification ( ! plant is easy4 ,! %ea?+ leaves ( ?is native p]5nial1 :i* belongs to ! arum family 7,araceae71 are f #b to #f feet 9 height & ab\t #a in* 9 wid?2 !y are %>p po9t$ & h a ridg$ midrib runn+ _! entire l5g?4 ,! fl[]+ head1 produc$ f ! side ( ! /alk1 consi/s ( a fle%y spike sometimes #c #a_/b in*es long & ab\t "o-half in* 9 ?ickness1 closely cov]$ ) v small1 gre5i% yell[ fl[]s1 :i* appe> f ,may to ,july4 ,description ( ,root/ock--,! long1 creep+ root/ock ( ! ,sweet-,flag is ?ick & fle%y1 some:at spongy1 & produc+ num]\s rootlets4 ,! odor is aromatic & agreeable1 & ta/e pung5t & bitt]4 ,! dri$ article1 z f\nd 9 ! /ores1 consi/s ( entire or split pieces ( v>i\s l5g?s f #c to #f in*es1 light br[n on ! outside ) blacki% spots1 %>ply wr9kl$ l5g?wise1 ! upp] surface m>k$ obliquely ) d>k leaf sc>s1 & ! l[] surface %[+ _m small circul> sc>s1 :i*1 at fir/ glance1 give "o ! impression t ! root is worm-eat51 b :i* are ! rema9s ( rootlets t h be5 remov$ f ! root/ock4 ,int]nally ! root/ock is :iti% & ( a spongy texture4 ,! aromatic odor & pung5t1 bitt] ta/e are reta9$ 9 ! dri$ article4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia directs t ! unpeel$ rhizome1 or root/ock1 be us$4 ,x is collect$ ei!r 9 e>ly spr+ or late 9 autumn4 ,x is pull$ or grubb$ f ! s(t e>?1 fre$ f adh]+ dirt1 & ! rootlets remov$1 z ^! are n s aromatic & m bitt]4 ,! root/ock is !n c>efully dri$1 sometimes by means ( mod]ate heat4 ,sweet-,flag det]iorates ) age & is subject to ! attacks ( worms4 ,x loses ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( its weight 9 dry+4 ,"s ( ! ,sweet-,flag f\nd 9 comm]ce consi/s ( h&some :ite pieces4 ,^! usually come f ,g]many1 & h be5 peel$ be=e dry+1 b !y are n s /rong & aromatic z ! unpeel$ roots4 ,unpeel$ ,sweet-,flag br+s f #c to #f c5ts a p\nd4 ,sweet-,flag is employ$ z an aromatic /imulant & tonic 9 feeble dige/ion4 ,! dri$ root is frequ5tly *ew$ = ! relief ( dyspepsia4 ,blue ,flag4 ,iris ,v]sicolor ,l4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,iris1 flag-lily1 liv]-lily1 snake-lily1 poison-flag1 wat]-flag1 ,am]ican fleur-de-lis or fl[]-deluce4 ,habitat & ,range--,blue ,flag delights 9 wet1 swampy localities1 mak+ its home 9 m>%es1 ?ickets1 & wet mead[s f ,newf\ndl& to ,manitoba1 s\? to ,florida & ,arkansas4 ,description ( ,plant--,! fl[]s ( all ( ! species belong+ to ?is g5us are simil>1 & are readily recogniz$ by _! r peculi> =m1 ! ?ree out] segm5ts or p>ts reflex$ or turn$ back & ! ?ree inn] segm5ts /&+ erect4 ,blue ,flag is ab\t #b to #c feet 9 height1 ) an erect /em sometimes bran*$ ne> ! top1 & sword %ap$ leaves :i* are %ort] ?an ! /em1 f "o-half to #a in* 9 wid?1 %[+ a slight grayi% bloom & %ea?+ at ! base4 ,?is plant is a p]5nial belong+ to ! iris family 7,iridaceae71 & is a native ( ?is c\ntry4 ,june is g5]ally reg>d$ z ! mon? = ! fl[]+ ( ! ,blue ,flag1 al?o x may be said to be 9 fl[] f ,may to ,july1 dep5d+ on ! locality4 ,! fl[]s are l>ge & v h&some1 ea* /em be>+ f two to six or m4 ,!y consi/ ( six segm5ts or p>ts1 ! ?ree out] ones turn$ back & ! ?ree inn] ones erect & mu* small]4 ,! fl[]s are usually purpli% blue1 ! claw or n>r[ base ( ! segm5ts1 v>iegat$ ) yell[1 gre51 or :ite & m>k$ ) purple ve9s4 ,all ( ! species belong+ to ?is g5us are m or less v>iegat$ 9 color2 h5ce ! "n iris1 mean+ ra9b[1 & ! specific "n v]sicolor1 mean+ v>i\s colors4 ,! "n poison-flag has be5 appli$ to x on acc\nt ( ! poison\s effect x has produc$ 9 *ildr51 :o1 ow+ to ! close resemblance ( ! plants be=e rea*+ ! fl[]+ /age1 sometimes mi/ake x = sweet flag4 ,! se$ capsule is oblong1 ab\t #a #a_/b in*es & conta9s num]\s se$s4 ,illu/ration3 ,blue ,flag 7,iris ,v]sicolor74 ,description ( ,root/ock--,blue ,flag has a ?ick1 fle%y1 horizontal root/ock1 bran*$1 & produc+ long1 fibr\s roots4 ,x resembles sweet-flag 7,calamus7 & has be5 mi/ak5 = x4 ,! sections ( ! root/ock ( ,blue ,flag1 h[ev]1 are flatt5$ above & r\nd$ bel[2 ! sc>s ( ! leaf %ea?s are 9 ! =m ( r+s1 :]eas 9 sweet-flag ! root/ock is cyl9drical & ! sc>s left by ! leaf %ea?s are obliquely transv]se4 ,fur!rmore1 !re is a diff]5ce 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! roots on ! root/ock1 ! sc>s left by ! roots 9 ,blue ,flag be+ close toge!r g5]ally ne>] ! l>g] end1 :ile 9 sweet-flag ! disposition ( ! roots along ! root/ock is q regul>4 ,blue ,flag is grayi% br[n on ! outside :5 dri$1 & sweet-flag is light br[n or fawn color$4 ,blue ,flag has no well-m>k$ odor & ! ta/e is acrid & nause\s1 & 9 sweet-flag !re is a pleasant odor & bitt]1 pung5t ta/e4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,blue ,flag is collect$ 9 autumn & usually br+s f ab\t #g to #aj c5ts a p\nd4 ,great sc>city ( ,blue ,flag root 0 report$ f ! produc+ di/ricts 9 ! autumn ( #aijf4 ,x is an old rem$y1 ! ,indians e/eem+ x highly = /oma* tr\bles1 & x is said t x 0 sometimes cultivat$ by !m 9 ne>-by ponds on acc\nt ( its m$ic9al value4 ,x has also be5 us$ z a dome/ic rem$y & is reg>d$ z an alt]ative1 diuretic & purgative4 ,x 0 (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia ( #ahij4 ,crane's-,bill4 ,g]anium ,maculatum ,l4 ,ph>macopoeial ,"n--,g]anium4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,spott$ crane's-bill1 wild crane's-bill1 /ork's-bill1 spott$ g]anium1 wild g]anium1 alum-root1 alumbloom1 *ocolate-fl[]1 cr[foot1 dovefoot1 old-maid's-nightcap1 %ameface4 ,habitat & ,range--,crane's-,bill fl\ri%es 9 l[ gr\nds & op5 woods f ,newf\ndl& to ,manitoba1 s\? to ,georgia & ,miss\ri4 ,description ( ,plant--,?is pretty p]5nial plant belongs to ! g]anium family 7,g]aniaceae7 & w gr[ sometimes to a height ( #b feet1 b m g5]ally x is only ab\t a foot 9 height4 ,! entire plant is m or less cov]$ ) hairs1 & is erect & usually unbran*$4 ,! leaves are ne>ly circul> or some:at he>t %ap$ 9 outl9e1 #c to #f in*es wide1 deeply p>t$ into ?ree or five p>ts1 ea* division aga9 cleft & too!d4 ,! basal leaves are borne on long /ems1 :ile ^? above h %ort /ems4 ,! fl[]s1 :i* appe> f ,april to ,june1 are borne 9 a loose clu/]2 !y are rose purple1 pale or violet 9 color1 ab\t #a in* or #a #a_/b in*es wide1 ! petals delicately ve9$ & woolly at ! base & ! sepals or calyx lobes ) a bri/le-%ap$ po9t1 s(t-hairy1 ! m>g9s hav+ a fr+e ( m bri/ly hairs4 ,! fruit consi/s ( a beak$ capsule1 spr++ op5 ela/ically1 & divid+ into five cells1 ea* cell conta9+ "o se$4 ,illu/ration3 ,crane's-bill 7,g]anium ,maculatum71 ,fl[]+ ,plant1 ,%[+ also ,se$ ,pods & ,root/ock4 ,description ( ,root/ock--,:5 remov$ f ! e>? ! root/ock ( ,crane's-bill is ab\t #b to #d in*es long1 ?ick1 ) num]\s bran*es be>+ ! "y buds = next season's gr[? & sc>s %[+ ! rema9s ( /ems ( previ\s ye>s1 br[n outside1 :ite & fle%y int]nally1 & ) sev]al /\t roots4 ,:5 dry1 ! root/ock turns a d>k] br[n1 is f9ely wr9kl$ ext]nally1 & has a r\gh sp9y appe>ance1 caus$ by ! %r9k+ ( ! buds & bran*es & ! num]\s /em sc>s ) :i* ! root is /udd$4 ,int]nally x is ( a some:at purpli% color4 ,crane's-bill root is )\t odor & ! ta/e is v a/r+5t4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,crane's-bill root dep5ds = its m$ic9al value on its a/r+5t prop]ties & z its a/r+5cy is due to ! tann9 cont5t1 ! root %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be collect$ at t season ( ! ye> :5 x is ri*e/ 9 t con/itu5t4 ,exp]im5ts h prov$ t ! yield ( tann9 9 ,crane's-bill is greate/ j be=e fl[]+1 :i* is 9 ,april or ,may1 accord+ to locality4 ,x %\ld1 !re=e1 be collect$ j be=e ! fl[]+ p]iods1 & n1 z is commonly ! case1 9 autumn4 ,! price ( ?is root ranges f #d to #h c5ts a p\nd4 ,crane's-bill root1 :i* is (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia1 is us$ z a tonic & a/r+5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxi4 ,,field ,,plants4 ,d&elion4 ,t>axacum ,(fic9ale ,web]1 7a74 ,synonyms--,t>axacum t>axacum 7,l47 ,k>/3 7a7 ,t>axacum d5sleonis ,desf4 ,ph>macopoeial ,names--,t>axacum4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,bl[-ball1 cank]wort1 doon-head1 clock1 =tune-tell]1 horse g[an1 ,iri% daisy1 yell[ g[an1 "o-o'clock4 ,habitat & ,range--,) ! exception1 possibly1 ( a few localities 9 ! ,s\?1 ! d&elion is at home almo/ ev]y:]e 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 be+ a famili> we$ 9 mead[s & wa/e places1 & especially 9 lawns4 ,x has be5 naturaliz$ 9 ?is c\ntry f ,europe & is di/ribut$ z a we$ 9 all civiliz$ p>ts ( ! _w4 ,description ( ,plant--,x is h>dly necess>y to give a description ( ! d&elion1 z almo/ e "o is famili> ) ! co>sely too!d1 smoo?1 %9+ gre5 leaves1 ! gold5-yell[ fl[]s :i* op5 9 ! morn+ & only 9 fair wea!r1 & ! r\nd fluffy se$ heads ( ?is only too pl5tiful we$ ( ! lawns4 ,9 spr+ ! "y1 t5d] leaves are mu* s\ght aft] by ! color$ m>ket wom5 ab\t ,wa%+ton1 :o collect !m by ! basketful & sell !m = gre5s & salad4 ,d&elion is a p]5nial belong+ to ! *icory family 7,ci*oriaceae7 & is 9 fl[] practically ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,! entire plant conta9s a :ite milky juice4 ,description ( ,root--,! d&elion has a l>ge1 ?ick & fle%y taproot1 sometimes measur+ #bj in*es 9 l5g?4 ,9 comm]ce1 d&elion root is usually f\nd 9 pieces #c to #f in*es long1 d>k br[n on ! outside & /rongly wr9kl$ l5g?wise4 ,x breaks ) a %ort fracture & %[s ! ?ick :iti% b>k m>k$ ) circles ( milk ducts & a ?9 woody c5t]1 :i* is yell[ & por\s4 ,x is practically )\t odor & has a bitt] ta/e4 ,illu/ration3 ,d&elion 7,t>axacum ,(fic9ale74 ,collections & ,uses--,late 9 summ] & 9 fall ! milky juice becomes ?ick] & ! bitt]ness increases & ?is is ! "t to collect d&elion root4 ,x %\ld be c>efully wa%$ & ?or\ghly dri$4 ,d&elion roots lose consid]ably 9 dry+1 weigh+ less ?an half z mu* z ! fre% roots4 ,! dri$ root %\ld n be kept too long1 z dry+ dim9i%es its m$ic9al activity4 ,x is (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopeia4 ,d&elion is us$ z a tonic 9 diseases ( ! liv] & 9 dyspepsia4 ,imports & ,prices--,mo/ ( ! d&elion root f\nd on ! m>ket is collect$ 9 c5tral ,europe4 ,!re has be5 an unusually l>ge dem& = d&elion root dur+ ! season ( #aijg & accord+ to ! weekly records conta9$ 9 ! ,oil1 ,pa9t & ,drug ,report] ! imports ent]$ at ! port ( ,new ,york f ,janu>y #a1 #aijg1 to ! end ( ,may am\nt$ to ab\t #dg1jjj p\nds4 ,! price ranges f #d to #aj c5ts a p\nd4 ,soapwort4 ,sapon>ia ,(fic9alis ,l4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,sapon>ia1 sapon>y1 common soapwort1 b\nc+-bet1 soaproot1 bruisewort1 ,bo/on p9k1 *imney-p9k1 cr[-soap1 h$ge-p9k1 old maid's p9k1 full]'s-h]b1 lady-by-!-gate1 ,london-pride1 la!rwort1 mock-gillifl[]1 sc\rwort1 %eepwe$1 sweet-betty1 wild sweet-william1 woods-phlox1 _w's wond]4 ,habitat & ,range--,by "o or ano!r ( its _m common names ?is plant1 naturaliz$ f ,europe1 is kn[n almo/ ev]y:]e1 occurr+ along roadsides & 9 wa/e places4 ,description ( ,plant--,soapwort is a r pretty h]bace\s p]5nial1 #a to #b feet high1 & belong+ to ! p9k family 7,sil5aceae74 ,its smoo?1 /\t & erect /em is leafy & sp>+ly bran*$1 ! leaves ovate1 #b to #c in*es long1 smoo?1 prom95tly ribb$1 & po9t$ at ! apex4 ,! bright look+1 cr[d$ clu/]s ( p9k 7or 9 %ady localities :iti%7 fl[]s appe> f ab\t ,june until f> along 9 ,septemb]4 ,! five petals ( ! corolla are furni%$ ) long claws or1 9 o!r words1 !y are n>r[ly l5g!n$ t[>d ! base & ins]t$ )9 ! tubul> & pale gre5 calyx4 ,! se$ capsule is oblong & "o-cell$4 ,description ( ,root--,soapwort spreads by means ( its /olons1 or und]gr\nd runn]s4 ,b ! roots1 :i* are r long are ! p>ts employ$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,^! are cyl9drical1 tap]+ t[>d ! apex1 m or less bran*$1 & wr9kl$ l5g?wise4 ,! :iti% wood is cov]$ ) a br[ni% r$1 r ?ick b>k & ! roots break ) a %ort1 smoo? fracture4 ,x is at fir/ sweeti%1 bitt]1 & mucilag9\s1 foll[$ by a p]si/5tly acrid ta/e1 b x has no odor4 ,illu/ration3 ,soapwort 7,sapon>ia ,(fic9alis74 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,z already indicat$1 ! roots )\t ! runn]s1 %\ld be collect$ ei!r 9 spr+ or autumn4 ,) wat] !y =m a la!r1 l soap1 :5ce ! common names soapwort1 soaproot1 la!rwort1 etc41 are d]iv$4 ,! price ranges f #e to #aj c5ts a p\nd4 ,! roots are employ$ 9 m$ic9e = _! tonic1 alt]ative & diaphoretic prop]ties4 ,! leaves are also us$4 ,burdock4 ,arctium ,lappa ,l4 ,synonym--,lappa major ,ga]tn4 ,ph>macopoeial ,"n--,lappa4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,cockle-button1 cuckold-dock1 begg>'s-buttons1 hurrbur1 /ick-buttons1 h>dock1 b>dane4 ,habitat & ,range--,burdock1 "o ( our mo/ common we$s1 0 introduc$ f ! ,old ,_w4 ,x gr[s along road sides1 9 fields1 pa/ures & wa/e places1 be+ v abundant 9 ! ,ea/]n & ,c5tral ,/ates & 9 "s scatt]$ localities 9 ! ,we/4 ,description ( ,plant--,f>m]s are only too well acqua9t$ ) ?is co>se1 unsightly we$4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ye> ( its gr[? ?is plant1 :i* is a bi5nial belong+ to ! a/] family 7,a/]aceae71 produces only a rosette ( l>ge1 ?9 leaves f a long1 tap]+ root4 ,9 ! second ye> a r\nd1 fle%y1 & bran*$ /em is produc$1 ! plant :5 full gr[n measur+ f #c to #g feet 9 height4 ,?is /em is bran*$1 groov$1 & hairy1 be>+ v l>ge leaves1 ! l[] ones (t5 measur+ #ah in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! leaves are plac$ alt]nately on ! /em1 on long1 solid1 deeply furr[$ leaf/alks2 !y are ?9 9 texture1 smoo? on ! upp] surface1 pale & woolly und]nea?2 usually he>t %ap$1 b sometimes r\ndi% or oval1 ) ev51 wavy1 or too!d m>g9s4 ,! fl[]s are n produc$ until ! second ye>1 appe>+ f ,july until fro/4 ,burdock fl[]s are purple1 9 small1 clu/]$ heads arm$ ) hook$ tips1 & ! sp9y burs ?us =m$ are a great pe/1 atta*+ !mselves to clo?+ & to ! wool & hair ( animals4 ,burdock is a prolific se$ produc]1 "o plant be>+ z _m z #djj1jjj se$s4 ,illu/ration3 ,burdock 7,arctium ,lappa71 ,fl[]+ ,bran* & ,root4 ,description ( ,root/ock--,burdock has a l>ge1 fle%y taproot1 :i* :5 dry becomes scaly & wr9kl$ l5g?wise & has a blacki% br[n or grayi% br[n color on ! outside1 h>d1 break+ ) a %ort1 some:at fle%y fracture1 & %[+ ! yell[i% wood ) a :iti% spongy c5t]4 ,sometimes !re is a small1 :ite1 silky tuft at ! top ( ! root1 :i* is =m$ by ! rema9s ( ! bases ( ! leaf/alks4 ,! odor ( ! root is weak & unpleasant1 ! ta/e mucilag9\s1 sweeti% & some:at bitt]4 ,:ile ! root is met ) 9 comm]ce 9 its entire /ate1 x is m frequ5tly 9 brok5 pieces or 9 l5g?wise slices1 ! edges ( :i* are turn$ inw>d4 ,! roots ( o!r species ( ,arctium are also employ$4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,burdock root is (ficial1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia directs t x be collect$ f plants ( ! fir/ ye>'s gr[?1 ei!r ( ,arctium lappa or ( o!r species ( ,arctium4 ,z ,burdock has a r l>ge1 fle%y root1 x is difficult to dry & is apt to become moldy1 & = ?is reason x is bett] to slice ! root l5g?wise1 :i* w facilitate ! dry+ process4 ,! price ranges f #e to #aj c5ts a p\nd4 ,! be/ root is said to come f ,belgium1 :]e great c>e is ex]cis$ 9 its collection & cur+4 ,burdock root is us$ z an alt]ative 9 blood & sk9 diseases4 ,! se$s & fre% leaves are also us$ m$ic9ally to a limit$ ext5t4 ,yell[ ,dock4 ,rumex ,crispus ,l4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,rumex1 curl$ dock1 n>r[ dock1 s\r dock4 ,habitat & ,range--,?is tr\blesome we$1 introduc$ f ,europe1 is n[ f\nd ?ru\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 occurr+ 9 cultivat$ z well z 9 wa/e gr\nd1 among rubbi% heaps & along ! road side4 ,description ( ,plant--,yell[ ,dock is a p]5nial plant belong+ to ! buck:eat family 7,polygonaceae71 & has a deep1 sp9dle %ap$ root1 f :i* arises an erect1 angul> & furr[$ /em1 atta9+ a height ( f #b to #d feet4 ,! /em is bran*$ ne> ! top & leafy1 be>+ num]\s long d5se clu/]s =m$ by droop+ gr\ps ( inconspicu\s gre5 fl[]s plac$ 9 circles ar\nd ! /em4 ,! fl[]s are produc$ f ,june to ,augu/1 & ! fruits :i* foll[ are 9 ! =m ( small triangul> nuts1 l ! gra9 ( buck:eat1 to :i* family ! dock belongs4 ,s long z ! fruits are gre5 & immature !y c sc>cely be di/+ui%$ f ! fl[]s1 b z !y rip5 ! clu/]s take on a ru/y br[n color4 ,! leaves ( ! yell[ dock are lance %ap$1 acute1 ) ! m>g9s /rongly wav$ & crisp$1 ! l[] long-/alk$ leaves be+ blunt or he>t %ap$ at ! base f #f to #h in*es 9 l5g?1 :ile ^? ne>] ! top are n>r[] & %ort]1 only #c to #f in*es 9 l5g?1 %ort /emm$ or /emless4 ,illu/ration3 ,yell[ ,dock 7,rumex ,crispus71 ,fir/ ,ye>'s ,gr[?4 ,! broad-leav$ dock 7,rumex obtusifolius ,l471 is kn[n also z bitt] dock1 common dock1 blunt-leav$ dock1 & butt]-dock1 is a v common we$ f\nd 9 wa/e places f ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates to ,oregon & s\? to ,florida & ,texas4 ,x gr[s to ab\t ! same height z ! yell[ dock1 to :i* x be>s a close resemblance1 diff]+ pr9cipally 9 its m robu/ habit ( gr[?4 ,! /em is /\t] ?an 9 yell[ dock & ! leaves1 :i* likewise are wavy along ! m>g91 are mu* broad] & long]4 ,! gre5 fl[]s appe> f ,june to ,augu/ & are 9 r long1 op5 clu/]s1 ! gr\ps r loose & f> ap>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,broad-,leav$ ,dock 7,rumex ,obtusifolius71 ,leaf1 ,fruit+ ,spike & ,root4 ,description ( ,roots--,yell[ ,dock root is l>ge & fle%y1 usually f #h to #ab in*es long1 tap]+ or sp9dle %ap$1 ) few or no rootlets4 ,:5 dry x is usually twi/$ & prom95tly wr9kl$1 ! r ?ick1 d>k1 r$di% br[n b>k m>k$ ) small sc>s4 ,! inside ( ! root is :iti% at fir/1 becom+ yell[i%4 ,! fracture is %ort1 b %[s "s spl9t]y fib]s4 ,! root1 z x occurs 9 comm]ce1 is ei!r entire or occasionally split l5g?wise4 ,! d>k] color$ root ( ! broad-leav$ dock has a numb] ( small] bran*es ne> ! cr[n & m rootlets4 ,dock roots h b a v fa9t odor & a bitt]1 a/r+5t ta/e4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! roots %\ld be collect$ 9 late summ] or autumn1 aft] ! fruit+ tops h turn$ br[n1 !n wa%$1 ei!r left entire or split l5g?wise into halves or qu>t]s & c>efully dri$4 ,yell[ ,dock root ranges f #d to #f c5ts a p\nd4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia ( #ahij ! roots ( ,rumex crispus & ( "s o!r species ( ,rumex 7 (ficial & bo? ( ! above-nam$ species are us$1 b ! ,yell[ ,dock 7,rumex crispus7 is ! species mo/ commonly employ$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,! docks are l>gely us$ = purify+ ! blood & 9 ! treatm5t ( sk9 diseases4 ,! "y root leaves ( bo? ( ! species m5tion$ are sometimes us$ 9 spr+ z pot h]bs4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,,dry ,,soil ,,plants4 ,/ill+ia4 ,/ill+ia ,sylvatica ,l4 ,ph>macopoeial ,"n--,/ill+ia4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,que5's-delight1 que5's-root1 silv]leaf1 nettle-potato4 ,habitat & ,range--,?is plant is f\nd 9 dry1 s&y soil & 9 p9e b>r5s f ,m>yl& to ,florida we/ to ,kansas & ,texas4 ,description ( ,plant--,l mo/ ( ! o!r memb]s ( ! spurge family 7,euphorbiaceae71 /ill+ia also conta9s a milky juice4 ,?is indig5\s1 h]bace\s p]5nial is ab\t #a to #c feet 9 height1 bright gre5 & some:at fle%y1 ) cr[d$ leaves ( a some:at lea!ry texture4 ,! leaves are practically /emless & v>y greatly 9 =m1 f lance %ap$1 oblong1 to oval & elliptical1 r\nd too!d or saw too!d4 ,! pale yell[ fl[]s1 :i* appe> f ,april to ,octob]1 are borne 9 a d5se t]m9al spike & consi/ ( two k9ds1 male & female1 ! male fl[]s arrang$ 9 d5se clu/]s ar\nd ! upp] "p ( ! /alk & ! female fl[]s occurr+ at ! base ( ! spike4 ,! se$s are conta9$ 9 a r\ndi% #c-lob$ capsule4 ,description ( ,root--,/ill+ia consi/s ( some:at cyl9drical or sl5d]ly sp9dle %ap$ roots f #f in*es to a foot 9 l5g?1 slightly bran*$1 ! yell[i% :ite1 por\s wood cov]$ ) a r ?ick1 r$di% br[n1 wr9kl$ b>k1 ! :ole break+ ) a fibr\s fracture4 ,z f\nd 9 comm]ce1 /ill+ia is usually 9 %ort transv]se sections1 ! ends ( ! sections p9ki% & fuzzy ) num]\s f9e1 silky ba/ fibres1 & ! b>k %[+ scatt]$ yell[i% br[n res9 cells & milk ducts4 ,x has a peculi> unpleasant odor1 & a bitt]1 acrid & pung5t ta/e4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,/ill+ia root is collect$ 9 late autumn or e>ly 9 spr+1 usually cut into %ort1 transv]se sections & dri$4 ,! price ranges f #c to #e c5ts a p\nd4 ,?is root1 :i* is (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia1 has be5 a popul> drug 9 ! ,s\? = m ?an a c5tury & is employ$ pr9cipally z an alt]ative4 ,am]ican ,colombo4 ,fras]a ,c>ol95sis ,walt4 ,synonym--,fras]a walt]i ,mi*x4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,fras]a1 mead[pride1 pyramid-fl[]1 pyramid-plant1 ,indian lettuce1 yell[ g5tian1 gr\nd-c5tury4 ,habit & ,range ,am]ican ,colombo occurs 9 dry soil f ! we/]n "p ( ,new ,york to ,wiscons91 s\? to ,georgia & ,k5tucky4 ,description ( ,plant--,dur+ ! fir/ & second ye> ( ! gr[? ( ?is plant only ! root leaves are produc$ ,^! are g5]ally some:at r\nd$ at ! summit1 n>r[$ t[>d ! base1 & l>g] ?an ! /em leaves1 :i* develop 9 ! ?ird ye>4 ,! leaves are deep gre5 & produc$ mo/ly 9 :orls ( f\r1 ! /em leaves be+ #c to #f in*es 9 l5g? & oblong or lance %ap$4 ,9 ! ?ird ye> ! /em is develop$ & ! fl[]s are produc$ f ,june to ,augu/4 ,! /em is /\t1 erect1 cyl9drical1 & #c to #h feet 9 height4 ,! fl[]s ( ,am]ican ,colombo are borne 9 l>ge t]m9al1 h&some pyramidal clu/]s1 sometimes #b feet 9 l5g?1 & are gre5i% yell[ or yell[i% :ite1 dott$ ) br[n purple4 ,!y are sl5d] /emm$1 ab\t #a in* across1 ) a :eel %ap$1 #d-p>t$ corolla ,! se$s are conta9$ 9 a mu* compress$ capsule4 ,am]ican ,colombo is an indig5\s p]5nial & belongs to ! g5tian family 7,g5tianaceae47 ,description ( ,root--,! root is long1 horizontal1 sp9dle %ap$1 yell[1 & wr9kl$4 ,9 ! fre% /ate x is fle%y & q heavy4 ,! ,am]ican ,colombo root ( comm]ce1 =m]ly 9 transv]se slices1 n[ g5]ally occurs 9 l5g?wise slices4 ,! outside is yell[i% or pale orange & ! inside spongy & pale yell[4 ,! ta/e is bitt]4 ,am]ican ,colombo root resembles ! (ficial g5tian root 9 ta/e & odor1 & ! uses are also simil>4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,colombo 7,fras]a ,c>ol95sis71 ,leaves1 ,fl[]s & ,se$ ,pods4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! prop] "t = collect+ ,am]ican ,colombo root is 9 ! autumn ( ! second ye> or 9 ,m>* or ,april ( ! ?ird ye>4 ,x is g5]ally cut into l5g?wise slices be=e dry+4 ,! price ( ,am]ican ,colombo root ranges f #c to #e c5ts a p\nd4 ,! dri$ root1 :i* 0 (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia f #ahbj to #ahhj1 is us$ z a simple tonic4 ,9 ! fre% /ate ! root possesses emetic & ca?>tic prop]ties4 ,c\*-,grass4 ,agropyron rep5s 7,l47 ,beauv4 ,synonym--,triticum rep5s ,l4 ,ph>macopoeial ,"n--,triticum4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,dog-grass1 quick-grass1 quack-grass1 quit*-grass1 quake-grass1 scut*-grass1 twit*-grass1 wit*-grass1 :eat-grass1 creep+ :eat-grass1 devil's grass1 durfa-grass1 ,durfee-grass1 ,dut*-grass1 ,f9's-grass1 ,*&l]'s-grass4 ,habitat & ,range--,l _m ( our we$s1 c\*-grass 0 introduc$ f ,europe1 & is n[ "o ( ! wor/ pe/s ! f>m] has to cont5d )1 tak+ possession ( ! cultivat$ gr\nd & cr[d+ out valuable crops4 ,x occurs mo/ abundantly f ,ma9e to ,m>yl&1 we/w>d to ,m9nesota & ,m9nesota1 & is spread+ on f>ms on ! ,pacific slope1 b is r sp>+ly di/ribut$ 9 ! ,s\?4 ,illu/ration3 ,c\*-,grass 7,agrophyron ,rep5s74 ,description ( ,plant--,c\*-grass is r co>se1 #a to #c feet high1 & :5 9 fl[] v mu* resemble rye or be>dless :eat4 ,sev]al r\nd1 smoo?1 holl[ /ems1 ?ick5$ at ! jo9ts1 are produc$ f ! long1 creep+1 jo9t$ root/ock4 ,! /ems be> #e to #g leaves f #c to #ab in*es long1 r\gh on ! upp] surface & smoo? b5ea?1 :ile ! long1 cleft leaf %ea?s are smoo?4 ,! solit>y t]m9al fl[]+ heads or spikes are compress$1 & consi/ ( two r[s ( spikelets on a wavy & flatt5$ axis4 ,^! heads are produc$ f ,july to ,septemb]4 ,c\* ,grass belongs to ! grass family 7,poaceae47 ,description ( ,root/ock--,! pale yell[1 smoo? root/ock is long1 t\gh & jo9t$1 creep+ along und]nea? ! gr\nd1 & pu%+ 9 e direction4 ,z f\nd 9 ! /ores1 x consi/s ( %ort1 angul> pieces1 f "o eigh? to "o-f\r? ( an in* long1 ( a %9+ /raw color1 & holl[4 ,^! pieces are odorless1 b h a some:at sweeti% ta/e4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,c\*-,grass1 :i* is (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia1 %\ld be collect$ 9 spr+1 c>efully clean$1 & ! rootlets remov$4 ,! root/ock 7n rootlets7 is !n cut into %ort pieces ab\t two-fif?s ( an in* 9 l5g?1 = :i* purpose an ord9>y fe$-cutt+ ma*9e may be us$1 & ?or\ghly dri$4 ,c\*-,grass is usually de/roy$ by pl[+ up & burn +1 = if any ( ! jo9ts are p]mitt$ to rema9 9 ! soil new plants w be produc$4 ,b1 in/ead ( burn+1 ! root/ocks may be sav$ & prep>$ = ! drug m>ket 9 ! mann] above /at$4 ,! prices range f #c to #e c5ts a p\nd4 ,at pres5t ,c\*-,grass is collect$ *iefly 9 ,europe4 ,a fluid extract is prep>$ f ,c\*-,grass1 :i* is us$ 9 affections ( ! kidney & bladd]4 ,e*9acea4 ,braun]ia ,angu/ifolia 7,,dc7 ,hell]4 ,synonym--,e*9acea angu/ifolia ,,dc4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,pale-purple conefl[]1 ,sampson-root1 nigg]head 79 ,kansas47 ,habitat & ,range--,e*9acea is f\nd 9 scatt]$ pat*es 9 ri* prairie soil or s&y soil f ,alabama to ,texas & nor?we/w>d1 be+ mo/ abundant 9 ,kansas & ,nebraska4 ,?o n gr[+ wild 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 ,x has succe$$ well "u cultivation 9 ! te/+ g>d5s ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,illu/ration3 ,e*9acea 7,braun]ia ,angu/ifolia74 ,description ( ,plant--,?is native h]bace\s p]5nial1 belong+ to ! a/] family 7,a/]aceae71 gr[s to a height ( f #b to #c feet4 ,x s5ds up a r /\t bri/ly-hairy /em1 be>+ ?ick r\gh-hairy leaves1 :i* are broadly lance %ap$ or l9e> lance %ap$1 entire1 #c to #h in*es long1 n>r[$ at ea* end1 & /rongly ?ree n]v$4 ,! l[] leaves h sl5d] /ems1 b z !y approa* ! top ( ! plant ! /ems become %ort] & "s ( ! upp] leaves are /emless4 ,! fl[] heads appe>+ f ,july to ,octob]1 are v pretty1 & ! plant w\ld d well z an ornam5tal 9 g>d5s4 ,! fl[]s rema9 on ! plant = a long "t1 & ! color v>ies f :iti% rose to pale purple4 ,! head consi/s ( ray fl[]s & disk fl[]s1 ! =m] con/itut+ ! petals surr\nd+ ! disk1 & ! disk itself be+ compos$ ( small1 tubul>1 gre5i% yell[ fl[]s4 ,:5 ! fl[]s fir/ appe> ! disk is flatt5$ or really concave1 b z ! fl[]+ progresses x becomes conical 9 %ape4 ,! br[n fruit+ heads are conical1 *affy1 /iff & wiry4 ,description ( ,root--,e*9acea has a ?ick1 blacki% root1 :i* 9 comm]ce occurs 9 cyl9drical pieces ( v>y+ l5g? & ?ickness4 ,! dri$ root is grayi% br[n on ! outside1 ! b>k wr9kl$ l5g?wise & sometimes spirally twi/$4 ,x breaks ) a %ort1 weak fracture1 %[+ yell[ or gre5i% yell[ wood edges1 :i* give ! impression t ! wood is decay$4 ,! odor is sc>cely p]ceptible & ! ta/e is mildly aromatic1 aft]w>ds becom+ acrid & induc+ a fl[ ( saliva4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! root ( ,e*9acea is collect$ 9 autumn & br+s f #bj to #cj c5ts a p\nd4 ,x is said t ,e*9acea v>ies greatly 9 quality due *iefly to ! locality 9 :i* x gr[s4 ,accord+ to ,j4 ,u4 ,lloyd1 ! be/ quality comes f ! prairie l&s ( ,nebraska & t f m>%y places is inf]ior4 ,e*9acea is said to be an alt]ative & to promote p]spiration & induce a fl[ ( saliva4 ,! ,indians us$ ! fre%ly scrap$ roots = ! cure ( snake bites4 ,aletris4 ,aletris ,f>9osa ,l4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,/>grass1 blaz+/>1 mealy />wort1 />wort1 unicorn-root1 true unicorn-root1 unicorn-plant1 unicorn's-horn1 colic-root1 devil's-bit1 ague-grass1 ague-root1 aloe-root1 cr[-corn1 huskwort4 ,a glance at ^! common names w %[ _m t h be5 appli$ to o!r plants1 especially to ,*amaelirium1 ) :i* ,aletris is s mu* confus$4 ,9 ord] to gu>d aga9/ ?is confusion z mu* z possible1 x is be/ n to use ! common names ( ?is plant at all1 ref]r+ to x only by its g5]ic "n1 ,aletris4 ,illu/ration3 ,aletris 7,aletris ,f>9osa74 ,habitat & ,range--,aletris occurs 9 dry1 g5]ally s&y soil1 f ,ma9e to ,m9nesota1 ,florida & ,t5nessee4 ,description ( ,plant--,z /at$ "u ,*amaelirium1 ?is plant is (t5 confus$ ) ! =m] by collectors & o!rs1 al?\gh !re seems to be no good reason :y ?is %\ld be s4 ,! plants d n resemble ea* o!r except 9 habit ( gr[?1 & ! tr\ble und\bt$ly arose f a confusion ( ! some:at simil> common names ( ! plants1 z1 = in/ance1 />grass & />wort4 ,aletris may be at once di/+ui%$ by ! grasslike leaves1 :i* spread out on ! gr\nd 9 ! =m ( a />1 & by ! sl5d] spikes ( r\gh1 mealy fl[]s4 ,?is native p]5nial1 belong+ to ! lily family 7,liliaceae71 is an erect1 sl5d] h]b1 #a #a_/b to #c feet tall1 ) basal leaves only4 ,^! leaves are grasslike1 f #b to #f in*es long1 & h a yell[i% gre5 or will[-gre5 color4 ,z already /at$1 !y surr\nd ! base ( ! /em 9 ! =m ( a />4 ,in/ead ( /em leaves1 !re are v small1 leaflike bracts plac$ at "s di/ance ap>t on ! /em4 ,f ,may to ,july ! erect fl[]+ spike1 f #d to #ab in*es long1 is produc$1 be>+ :ite1 urn-%ap$ fl[]s1 sometimes t+$ ) yell[ at ! apex1 & hav+ a r\gh1 wr9kl$ & mealy appe>ance4 ,! se$ capsule is ovoid1 op5+ by ?ree halves1 & conta9+ _m se$s4 ,:5 ! fl[]s 9 ! spike are /ill 9 bud1 !re is a sugge/ion ( resemblance to ! female spike ( ,*amaelirium ) its fruit half =m$4 ,sev]al o!r species are recogniz$ by botani/s1 namely1 ,aletris ,aurea ,walt41 ,a4 lutea ,small1 & ,a4 obovata ,na%1 b aside f ! fl[]s1 :i* 9 aurea & lutea are yell[1 & slight v>iations 9 =m1 su* z a m contract$ p]ian?1 ! diff]5ces are n s pron\nc$ t ! plants w\ld require a detail$ description "h4 ,!y h und\bt$ly be5 collect$ ) ,aletris f>9osa = ye>s1 & are suffici5tly l x to be readily recogniz$4 ,description ( ,root/ock--,n only h ! plants ( ,aletris & ,*amaelirium be5 confus$1 b ! root/ocks z well4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no resemblance betwe5 !m4 ,aletris has a horizontal root/ock f "o-half to #a #a_/b in*es 9 l5g?1 r\gh & scaly1 & almo/ completely hidd5 by ! fibr\s roots & rema9s ( ! basal leaves4 ,^u close exam9ation ! sc>s ( =m] leaf /ems may be se5 along ! upp] surface4 ,! rootlets are f #b to #aj in*es 9 l5g?1 ^? ( rec5t gr[? :iti% & cov]$ ) sev]al lay]s ( epid]mis :i* gradually peel (f1 & ! old] rootlets ( ! root/ock %[+ ?is epid]mis already scal$ (f1 leav+ only ! h>d1 br[n1 woody c5t]4 ,! root/ock 9 comm]ce almo/ inv>iably %[s at "o end a tuft ( ! rema9s ( ! basal leaves1 :i* d n lose _! gre5 color4 ,x is grayi% br[n outside1 :iti% )91 & breaks ) a mealy fracture4 ,x has no odor1 & a />*y ta/e1 foll[$ by "s acridity1 b no bitt]ness4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,aletris %\ld be collect$ 9 autumn1 & !re is no reason :y collectors %\ld make ! common mi/ake ( confus+ ,aletris ) ,*amaelirium4 ,by comp>+ ! description ( ,aletris ) t ( ,*amaelirium1 x w be se5 t !re is sc>cely any resemblance4 ,aletris ranges f #cj to #dj c5ts a p\nd4 ,z indicat$ "u ,*amaelirium1 ! m$ic9al prop]ties h also be5 consid]$ ! same 9 bo? plants1 b ,aletris is n[ reg>d$ ( value *iefly 9 dige/ive tr\bles4 ,aletris 0 (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia f #ahbj to #ahgj4 ,wild ,indigo4 ,baptisia ,t9ctoria 7,l47 ,r4 ,br4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,baptisia1 indigo-we$1 yell[ indigo1 ,am]ican indigo1 yell[ broom1 indigo-broom1 clov]-broom1 broom-clov]1 horsefly-we$1 %o(ly1 rattlebu%4 ,habitat & ,range--,?is native h]b gr[s on dry1 poor l&1 & is f\nd f ,ma9e to ,m9nesota1 s\? to ,florida & ,l\isiana4 ,description ( ,plant--,_m :o h be5 br\ght up 9 ! c\ntry w recognize 9 ! wild indigo ! plant s frequ5tly us$ by f>m]s1 especially 9 ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 to keep flies away f horses1 bun*es ( x be+ fa/5$ to ! h>ness = ?is purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,wild ,indigo 7,baptisia ,t9ctoris7 ,bran* ,%[+ ,fl[]s & ,se$ ,pods4 ,wild ,indigo gr[s ab\t #b to #c feet 9 height & ! clov]-l blossoms & leaves w %[ at once t x belongs to ! same family z ! common clov]1 namely1 ! pea family 7,fabaceae74 ,x is an erect1 mu*-bran*$1 v leafy plant ( compact gr[?1 ! #c-leav$1 blui% gre5 foliage some:at resembl+ clov] leaves4 ,! fl[]s1 z already /at$1 are l common clov] fl[]s--t is1 n l clov] heads1 b ! s+le fl[]s compos+ ^!2 !y are bright yell[1 ab\t "o-half in* 9 l5g? & are produc$ 9 num]\s clu/]s :i* appe> f ,june to ,septemb]4 ,! se$ pods1 on /alks long] ?an ! calyx1 are ne>ly globul> or ovoid & are tipp$ ) an awl %ap$ /yle4 ,ano!r species1 said to possess prop]ties simil> to ^? ( baptisia t9ctoria & sub/itut$ = x1 is ,b4 alba ,r4 ,br41 call$ ! :ite wild indigo4 ,?is plant has :ite fl[]s & is f\nd 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates & on ! pla9s ( ! ,we/]n ,/ates4 ,description ( ,root--,wild ,indigo has a ?ick1 knotty cr[n or head1 ) sev]al /em sc>s1 & a r\nd1 fle%y root1 s5d+ out cyl9drical bran*es & rootlets almo/ #b feet 9 l5g?4 ,! :ite woody int]ior is cov]$ ) a ?ick1 d>k br[n b>k1 r scaly or dott$ ) small1 w>t-l excresc5ces4 ,! root breaks ) a t\gh1 fibr\s fracture4 ,!re is a sc>cely p]ceptible odor & ! ta/e1 :i* resides *iefly 9 ! b>k1 is nause\s1 bitt] & acrid4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! root ( ,wild ,indigo is collect$ 9 autumn1 & br+s f #d to #h c5ts a p\nd4 ,l>ge doses ( ,wild ,indigo are emetic & ca?>tic & may prove dang]\s4 ,x also has /imulant1 a/r+5t & antiseptic prop]ties1 & is us$ z a local application to sores1 ulc]s1 etc4 ,! h]b is sometimes employ$ l ! root & ! entire plant 0 (ficial f #ahcj to #ahdj4 ,9 "s sections ! "y1 t5d] %oots are us$ = gre5s1 l ^? ( pokewe$1 b great c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to ga!r !m be=e !y are too f> advanc$ 9 gr[?1 z o!rwise bad results w foll[4 ,a blue color+ matt] has be5 prep>$ f ! plant & us$ z a sub/itute = indigo1 to :i*1 h[ev]1 x is v mu* inf]ior4 ,pleurisy-,root4 ,asclepias ,tub]osa ,l4 ,ph>macopoeial ,"n--,asclepias4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,butt]fly we$1 ,canada-root1 ,indian-posy1 orange-root1 orange swall[wort1 tub]root1 :it]oot1 w9droot1 yell[ or orange milkwe$4 ,habitat & ,range--,pleurisy-,root fl\ri%es 9 ! op5 or 9 ! p9e woods1 9 dry1 s&y or gravelly soil1 usually along ! banks ( /reams4 ,its range ext5ds f ,ont>io & ,ma9e to ,m9nesota1 s\? to ,florida1 ,texas & ,arizona1 b x is f\nd 9 greate/ abundance 9 ! ,s\?4 ,description ( ,plant--,?is is a v %[y & ornam5tal p]5nial plant1 indig5\s to ?is c\ntry1 & belong+ to ! milkwe$ family 7,asclepiadaceae72 x is erect & r /iff 9 habit1 b ) brilliant heads ( bright orange-color$ fl[]s t attract att5tion f af>4 ,! /ems are r /\t1 erect1 hairy1 ab\t #a to #b feet 9 height1 sometimes bran*$ ne> ! top1 & be>+ a ?ick gr[? ( leaves4 ,^! are ei!r /emless or borne on %ort /ems1 are some:at r\gh to ! t\*1 #b to #f in*es long1 lance %ap$ or oblong1 ! apex ei!r %>p po9t$ or blunt1 ) a n>r[1 r\nd$ or he>t %ap$ base4 ,! fl[] heads1 borne at ! ends ( ! /em & bran*es1 consi/ ( num]\s1 oddly %ap$ orange color$ fl[]s4 ,! corolla is compos$ ( five segm5ts1 :i* are reflex$ or turn$ back & ! cr[n has five erect or spread+ hoods1 )9 ea* ( :i* is a sl5d] incurv$ horn4 ,! plant is 9 fl[] = "s "t1 usually f ,june to ,septemb]1 foll[$ late 9 ! fall by pods1 :i* are f #d to #e in*es long1 gre51 t+$ ) r$1 f9ely hairy on ! outside1 & conta9+ ! se$s ) _! long1 silky hairs4 ,unlike ! o!r milkwe$s1 ! ,pleurisy ,root conta9s little or no milky juice4 ,description ( ,root--,! root ( ?is plant is l>ge1 :ite & fle%y1 sp9dle %ap$1 bran*+4 ,z f\nd 9 comm]ce x consi/s ( l5g?wise or crosswise pieces f #a to #f in*es 9 l5g? & ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,x is wr9kl$ l5g?wise & also transv]sely & has a knotty head4 ,! ?9 b>k is orange br[n & ! wood yell[i%1 ) :ite rays4 ,x has no odor & a some:at bitt]1 acrid ta/e4 ,illu/ration3 ,pleurisy-,root 7,asclepias ,tub]osa74 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! root1 :i* is usually f\nd r deep 9 ! soil1 is collect$ 9 autumn1 cut into transv]se or l5g?wise slices & dri$4 ,! price ranges f #f to #aj c5ts a p\nd4 ,pleurisy-,root 0 mu* e/eem$ by ! ,indians1 has long be5 us$ 9 dome/ic practice1 & is (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia4 ,x is us$ 9 disord]$ dige/ion & 9 affections ( ! lungs1 9 ! la/-nam$ in/ance to promote expectoration1 relieve pa9s 9 ! *e/1 & induce easi] brea?+4 ,x is also useful 9 produc+ p]spiration4 ,o!r ,species--,besides ! (ficial ,pleurisy-,root !re are two o!r species ( ,asclepias :i* are employ$ to "s ext5t = ! same purposes1 namely1 ! common milkwe$ & ! swamp-milkwe$4 ,! common milkwe$ 7,asclepias syriaca ,l47 is a p]5nial1 native 9 fields & wa/e places f ,canada to ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,kansas4 ,x has a /\t1 usually simple /em #c to #e feet 9 height & oblong or oval leaves1 smoo? on ! upp] surface & d5sely hairy b5ea?4 ,! fl[]s1 simil> 9 =m to ^? ( ,asclepias tub]osa1 are p9ki% purple & appe> f ,june to ,augu/1 foll[$ by erect pods #c to #e in*es long1 woolly ) matt$ hair & cov]$ ) prickles & borne on recurv$ /ems4 ,! plant conta9s an abundance ( milky juice4 ,! root ( ! common milkwe$ is f #a to #f feet long1 cyl9drical & f9ely wr9kl$4 ,! %ort bran*es & sc>s left by =m] /ems give ! root a r\nd1 knotty appe>ance4 ,! b>k is ?ick1 grayi% br[n & ! inside :ite1 ! root break+ ) a %ort1 spl9t]y fracture4 ,common milkwe$ root has a v bitt] ta/e1 b no odor4 ,x is collect$ 9 autumn & cut into transv]se slices be=e dry+4 ,common milkwe$ ranges f #f to #h c5ts a p\nd4 ,swamp-milkwe$ 7,asclepias inc>nata ,l47 is a native p]5nial h]b f\nd 9 swamps f ,canada to ,t5nessee & ,kansas4 ,! sl5d] /em1 leafy to ! top1 is #a to #b feet 9 height1 bran*$ above1 ! leaves lance %ap$ or oblong lance %ap$4 ,! fl[]s1 also simil> to ^? ,a tub]osa1 appe> f ,july to ,septemb]1 & are fle% color$ or rose color$4 ,! pods are #b to #c #a_/b in*es long1 erect1 & v sp>+ly hairy4 ,! root ( ! swamp-milkwe$1 :i* is also collect$ 9 autumn1 is n q an in* 9 l5g?1 h>d & knotty1 ) sev]al light br[n rootlets4 ,! t\gh :ite wood1 :i* has a ?ick1 c5tral pi?1 is cov]$ ) a ?91 yell[i% br[n b>k4 ,x is practically )\t odor1 & ! ta/e1 sweeti% at fir/1 f9ally becomes bitt]4 ,?is root br+s ab\t #c c5ts a p\nd4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii4 ,,ri* ,,soil ,,plants4 ,bloodroot4 ,sangu9>ia ,canad5sis ,l4 ,ph>macopoeial--,sangu9>ia4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,r$root1 r$ puccoon1 r$ ,indian-pa9t1 puccoon-root1 coonroot1 :ite puccoon1 pauson1 snakebite1 sweet-slumb]1 tett]wort1 tum]ic4 ,habitat & ,range--,bloodroot is f\nd 9 ri*1 op5 woods f ,canada s\? to ,florida & we/ to ,arkansas & ,nebraska4 ,description ( ,plant--,?is indig5\s plant is among ! e>lie/ ( our spr+ fl[]s1 ! waxy-:ite blossom1 enfold$ by ! grayi% gre5 leaf1 usually mak+ its appe>ance e>ly 9 ,april4 ,! /em & root conta9 a blood-r$ juice4 ,bloodroot is a p]5nial & belongs to ! same family z ! opium poppy1 ! ,papav]aceae4 ,ea* bud on ! ?ick1 horizontal root/ock produces b a s+le leaf & a fl[]+ scape1 rea*+ ab\t #f in*es 9 height4 ,! plant is smoo? & bo? /em & leaves1 especially :5 "y1 pres5t a grayi% gre5 appe>ance1 be+ cov]$ ) a bloom su* z is f\nd on "s fruits4 ,! leaves are palmately #e to #i lob$1 ! lobes ei!r cleft at ! apex or hav+ a wavy m>g91 & are borne on leaf /ems ab\t #f to #ad in*es long4 ,aft] ! plants h ceas$ fl[]+ ! leaves1 at fir/ only #c in*es long & #d to #e in*es broad1 cont9ue to exp& until !y are ab\t #d to #g in*es long & #f to #ab in*es broad4 ,! "u side ( ! leaf is pal] ?an ! upp] side & %[s prom95t ve9s4 ,! fl[] measures ab\t #a in* across1 is :ite1 r waxlike 9 appe>ance1 ) num]\s gold5-yell[ /am5s 9 ! c5t]4 ,! petals soon fall (f1 & ! oblong1 n>r[ se$ pod develops1 atta9+ a l5g? ( ab\t an in*4 ,illu/ration3 ,bloodroot 7,sangu9>ia ,canad5sis7 ,fl[]+ ,plant ) ,root/ock4 ,description ( ,root/ock--,:5 dug out ( ! gr\nd ,bloodroot is r ?ick1 r\nd & fle%y1 slightly curv$ at ! ends1 & conta9s a quantity ( blood-r$ juice4 ,x is f #a to #d in*es 9 l5g?1 f "o-half to #a in* 9 ?ickness1 ext]nally r$di% br[n1 int]nally a bright r$ blood color1 & produces _m ?ick1 orange color$ rootlets4 ,! root/ock %r9ks consid]ably 9 dry+1 ! outside turn+ d>k br[n & ! inside orange-r$ or yell[i% ) num]\s small r$ dots1 & x breaks ) a %ort1 %>p fracture4 ,x has b a slight odor & ! ta/e is bitt] & acrid & v p]si/5t4 ,! p[d]$ root causes sneez+4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,use--,! root/ock %\ld be collect$ 9 autumn1 aft] ! leaves h di$1 & aft] cur+1 x %\ld be /or$ 9 a dry place1 z x rapidly det]iorates if all[$ to become moi/4 ,age also impairs its acridity4 ,! price paid to collectors = ?is root ranges f ab\t #e to #aj c5ts p] p\nd4 ,bloodroot 0 well kn[n to ! ,am]ican ,indians1 :o us$ ! r$ juice z a dye = sk9s & baskets & = pa9t+ _! faces & bodies4 ,x is (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia & is us$ z a tonic1 alt]ative1 /imulant & emetic4 ,p9kroot4 ,spigelia ,m>il&ica ,l4 ,ph>macopoeial ,"n--,spigelia4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,c>ol9a p9kroot1 p9kroot1 ,c>ol9a p9k1 ,m>yl& p9k1 ,indian p9k1 />bloom1 wormgrass1 wormwe$1 ,am]ican wormroot4 ,habitat & ,range--,?is pretty little plant is f\nd 9 ri* woods f ,new ,j]sey to ,florida1 we/ to ,texas & ,wiscons91 b occurr+ pr9cipally 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,x is fa/ disappe>+1 h[ev] f its native haunts4 ,illu/ration3 ,p9kroot 7,spigelia ,m>il&ica74 ,description ( ,plant--,p9kroot belongs to ! same family z ! yell[ jasm9e1 namely1 ! ,logania family 7,loganiaceae71 not$ = its poison\s species4 ,x is a native p]5nial h]b1 ) simple1 erect /em #f in*es to #a #a_/b feet high1 ne>ly smoo?4 ,! leaves are /emless1 g5]ally ovate1 po9t$ at ! apex & r\nd$ or n>r[$ at ! base2 !y are f #b to #d in*es long1 "o-half to #b in*es wide1 smoo? on ! upp] surface1 & only slightly hairy on ! ve9s on ! l[] surface4 ,! r %[y fl[]s are produc$ f ,may to ,july 9 a t]m9al "o-sid$ spike2 !y are f #a to #b in*es 9 l5g?1 some:at tube %ap$1 n>r[$ bel[1 slightly inflat$ t[>d ! c5t]1 & aga9 n>r[$ or contract$ t[>d ! top1 t]m9at+ 9 five lance %ap$ lobes2 ! fl[]s are v %[y1 ) _! brilliant color+--bright sc>let on ! outside1 & ! inside ( ! tube1 & ! lobes a bright yell[4 ,! se$ capsule is d\ble1 consi/+ ( two globul> portions m or less unit$1 & conta9+ num]\s se$s4 ,description ( ,root/ock--,! root/ock is r small1 f #a to #b in*es 9 l5g? & ab\t "o-sixte5? ( an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,x is some:at crook$ or b5t1 d>k br[n1 ) a r\gh5$ appe>ance ( ! upp] surface caus$ by cup %ap$ sc>s1 ! rema9s ( =m] annual /ems4 ,! l[] surface & ! sides h num]\s long1 f9ely bran*$1 light] color$ roots1 :i* are r brittle4 ,p9kroot has a pleasant1 aromatic odor1 & ! ta/e is describ$ z sweeti%1 bitt] & pung5t4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,p9kroot is collect$ aft] ! fl[]+ p]iod4 ,x is said to be sc>ce1 & 0 report$ z becom+ sc>ce z long ago z #ahcj4 ,! price paid to collectors ranges f #be to #dj c5ts a p\nd4 ,! roots ( o!r plants1 notably ^? ( ! ,ea/ ,t5nessee p9kroot 7,ruellia ciliosa ,pur%71 are (t5 f\nd mix$ ) ! true ,p9kroot1 & ! ,ruellia ciliosa is ev5 sub/itut$ = x4 ,?is adult]ation or sub/itution probably acc\nts = ! in]tness :i* has sometimes be5 attribut$ to ! true ,p9kroot & :i* has caus$ x to fall into m or less disuse4 ,x has long be5 kn[n t ! true ,p9kroot 0 adult]at$1 b ?is adult]ation 0 suppos$ to be caus$ by ! admixture ( ,c>ol9a phlox 7,phlox ,c>ol9a ,l41 n[ kn[n z ,phlox ovata ,l471 b ?is is said n[ to be no "p ( ! sub/itution4 ,! root/ock ( ,ruellia ciliosa is l>g] & n z d>k z t ( ! ,m>yl& p9kroot & has few] & co>s] roots1 f :i* ! b>k readily sep>ates1 leav+ ! :iti% wood expos$4 ,p9kroot 0 long kn[n by ! ,indians1 & its prop]ties 7 made kn[n to physicians by !m4 ,x is (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia & is us$ pr9cipally z an an!lm9tic4 ,indian-,physic4 ,port]an?us ,trifoliatus 7,l47 ,britton4 ,synonym--,gil5ia ,trifoliata ,mo5*4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,gil5ia1 b[man's-root1 false ipecac1 we/]n dropwort1 ,indian-hippo4 ,habitat & ,range--,indian-,physic is native 9 ri* woods f ,new ,york to ,mi*igan1 s\? to ,georgia & ,miss\ri4 ,description ( ,plant--,! r$di% /ems ( ?is sl5d]1 graceful p]5nial ( ! rose family 7,rosaceae7 are ab\t #b to #c feet high1 sev]al erect & bran*$ /ems be+ produc$ f ! same root4 ,! leaves are almo/ /emless & trifoliate2 t is1 compos$ ( ?ree leaflets4 ,!y are ovate or lanceolate1 #b to #c in*es long1 n>r[$ at ! base1 smoo? & too!d4 ,! nodd+1 :ite p9ki% fl[]s are few1 produc$ 9 loose t]m9al clu/]s f ,may to ,july4 ,! five petals are long1 n>r[$ or tap]+ t[>d ! base1 :ite or p9ki%1 & ins]t$ 9 ! tubul>1 some:at bell %ap$1 r$ t+$ calyx4 ,! se$ pods are slightly hairy4 ,at ! base ( ! leaf /ems are small leaflike p>ts1 call$ /ipules1 :i* 9 ?is species are v small1 l9e> & entire4 ,9 ! foll[+ species1 :i* is v simil> to trifoliatus & collect$ ) x1 ! /ipules1 h[ev]1 are s mu* l>g] t !y =m a prom95t "*1 :i* has giv5 rise to its specific "n1 /ipulatus4 ,illu/ration3 ,indian ,physic 7,port]an?us ,trifoliatus74 ,port]an?us /ipulatus 7,muhl47 ,britton 7,syn4 ,gill5ia /ipulacea ,nutt47 is f\nd 9 simil> situations z ,p4 trifoliatus1 b g5]ally f>!r we/1 its range ext5d+ f we/]n ,new ,york to ,indiana & ,kansas1 s\? to ,alabama1 ,l\isiana & ,indian ,t]ritory4 ,! g5]al appe>ance ( ?is plant is v simil> to t ( ,p4 trifoliatus4 ,x gr[s to ab\t ! same height1 b is g5]ally m hairy1 ! leaflets n>r[] & m deeply too!d1 & ! fl[]s p]haps a trifle small]4 ,! /ipules1 h[ev]1 w g5]ally s]ve to di/+ui% x4 ,^! are l>ge1 broad1 ovate1 acute at ! apex1 %>ply & deeply not*$ & s mu* l leaves t b = _! position at ! base ( ! leaf /ems !y might easily be mi/ak5 = !m4 ,) ! exception ( ! "n ,am]ican ipecac appli$ to ?is plant1 ! common names ( ,port]an?us trifoliatus are also us$ = ,p4 /ipulatus4 ,! roots ( bo? species are collect$ & us$ = ! same purpose4 ,description ( ,roots--,! root ,port]an?us trifoliatus is ?ick & knotty1 ) _m smoo?i%1 r$di% br[n rootlets1 ! latt] 9 dry+ becom+ wr9kl$ l5g?wise & %[+ a few transv]se fissures or breaks 9 ! b>k1 & ! int]ior :ite & woody4 ,!re is practically no odor & ! woody portion is ta/eless1 b ! b>k1 :i* is readily sep>able1 is bitt]1 increas+ ! fl[ ( saliva4 ,port]an?us /ipulatus has a l>g]1 m knotty root1 ) rootlets t are m wavy1 con/rict$ or m>k$ ) num]\s transv]se r+s1 & ! b>k fissur$ or break+ f ! :ite woody portion at frequ5t int]vals4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! roots ( bo? species are collect$ 9 autumn4 ,! prices range f #b to #d c5ts a p\nd4 ,indian-,physic or b[man's root1 z ^! names imply1 0 a popul> rem$y ) ! ,indians1 :o us$ x z an emetic4 ,f !m ! :ite settl]s le>n$ ( its prop]ties & x is /ill us$ = its emetic action4 ,?is drug 0 at "o "t (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia1 f #ahbj to #ahhj4 ,its action is said to resemble t ( ipecac4 ,wild ,s>sap>illa4 ,arala ,nudicaulis ,l4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,false s>sap>illa1 ,virg9ia s>sap>illa1 ,am]ican s>sap>illa1 small spik5>d1 rabbit's-root1 %otbu%1 wild licorice4 ,habitat & ,range--,wild ,s>sap>illa gr[s 9 ri*1 moi/ woods f ,newf\ndl& we/ to ,manitoba & s\? to ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,miss\ri4 ,description ( ,plant--,?is native h]bace\s p]5nial1 belong+ to ! g9s5g family 7,araliaceae71 produces a s+le1 long-/alk$ leaf & fl[]+ /alk f a v %ort /em1 bo? surr\nd$ or %ea!d at ! base by ?91 dry scales4 ,! leaf/alk is ab\t #ab in*es long divid$ at ! top into ?ree p>ts1 ea* division be>+ five oval1 too!d leaflets f #b to #e in*es long1 ! ve9s on ! l[] surface sometimes hairy4 ,! nak$ fl[]+ /alk be>s ?ree spread+ clu/]s ( small1 gre5i% fl[]s1 ea* clu/] consi/+ ( f #ab to #cj fl[]s produc$ f ,may to ,june1 foll[$ lat] 9 ! season by purpli% black r\ndi% b]ries1 ab\t ! size ( ! common eld]b]ries4 ,illu/ration3 ,wild ,s>sap>illa 7,aralia ,nudicaulis74 ,description ( ,root/ock--,wild ,s>sap>illa root/ock has a v fragrant1 aromatic odor4 ,rabbits are said to be v fond ( x1 :5ce "o ( ! common names1 rabbit's-root1 is d]iv$4 ,! root/ock is r long1 horizontally creep+1 some:at twi/$1 & yell[i% br[n on ! outside4 ,! ta/e is w>m & aromatic4 ,! dri$ root/ock is br[ni%1 gray & wr9kl$ l5g?wise on ! outside1 ab\t "o-f\r? ( an in* 9 ?ickness1 ! inside :iti% ) a spongy pi?4 ,! ta/e is sweeti% & some:at aromatic4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! root ( ,wild ,s>sap>illa is collect$ 9 autumn1 & br+s f #e to #h c5ts a p\nd4 ,?is has long be5 a popul> rem$y1 bo? among ! ,indians & dome/ic practice1 & 0 (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia f #ahbj to #ahhj4 ,its use is t ( an alt]ative1 /imulant & diaphoretic & 9 ?is x resembles ! (ficial s>sap>illa obta9$ f tropical ,am]ica4 ,simil> ,species--,! ,am]ican spikehead 7,aralia racemosa ,l471 kn[n also z spignet1 spiceb]ry1 ,indian-root1 petty-morrel1 life-(-man & old-man's-root1 is employ$ l ,aralia nudicaulis4 ,x is di/+ui%$ f ?is by its tall]1 h]bace\s habit1 its mu*-bran*$ /em f #c to #f feet high & v l>ge leaves consi/+ ( ?91 oval1 he>t %ap$1 d\ble saw-too!d leaflets4 ,! small1 gre5i% fl[]s are arrang$ 9 num]\s clu/]s1 in/ead ( only ?ree z 9 nudicaulis & also appe> some:at lat]1 namely1 f ,july to ,augu/4 ,! b]ries are r\ndi%1 r$di% br[n1 or d>k purple4 ,! root/ock is %ort] ?an t ( nudicaulis & mu* ?ick]1 ) prom95t /em sc>s1 & furni%$ ) num]\s1 v long1 r ?9 roots4 ,! odor & ta/e are /rong] ?an 9 nudicaulis4 ,x is also collect$ 9 autumn1 & br+s f #d to #h c5ts a p\nd4 ,! ,am]ican spik5>d occurs 9 simil> situations z nudicaulis1 b its range ext5ds some:at f>!r ,s\?1 ,georgia be+ giv5 z ! ,s\!rn limit4 ,! ,cali=nia spik5>d 7,aralia cali=nica ,wats47 may be us$ = ! same purpose z ! o!r species4 ,! plant is l>g] ?an ,aralia racemosa1 b o!rwise is v mu* l x4 ,! root is also l>g] ?an t ( ,a4 racemosa4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiv4 ,,m$ic9al ,,h]bs4 ,am]ican ,angelica4 ,angelica ,atropurpurea ,l4 ,synonym--,ar*angelica atropurpurea ,h(fn4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,angelica1 purple-/emm$ angelica1 great angelica1 high angelicam1 purple angelica1 ma/]wort4 ,habitat & ,range--,am]ican ,angelica is a native h]b1 common 9 swamps & damp places f ,labrador to ,delaw>e & we/ to ,m9nesota4 ,description ( ,plant--,?is /rong-sc5t$1 tall1 /\t p]5nial rea*es a height ( f #d to #f feet1 ) a smoo?1 d>k purple1 holl[ /em #a to #b in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! leaves are divid$ into ?ree p>ts1 ea* ( :i* is aga9 divid$ into ?rees2 ! r ?9 segm5ts are oval or ovate1 some:at acute1 %>ply too!d & sometimes deeply cut1 & ab\t #b in*es long4 ,! l[] leaves sometimes measure #b feet 9 wid?1 :ile ! upp] ones are small]1 b all h v broad1 exp&$ /alks4 ,! gre5i% :ite fl[]s are produc$ f ,june to ,july 9 some:at r\ndi%1 _m-ray$ umbels or heads1 :i* sometimes are #h to #aj in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! fruits are smoo?1 compress$ & broadly oval4 ,am]ican ,angelica root is bran*$1 f #c to #f in*es long1 & less ?an an in* 9 diamet]4 ,! outside is light1 br[ni% gray1 ) deep furr[s1 & ! inside ne>ly :ite1 ! :ole break+ ) a %ort fracture & ! ?ick b>k %[+ f9e res9 dots4 ,x has an aromatic odor1 & ! ta/e at fir/ is sweeti% & spicy1 aft]w>ds bitt]4 ,! fre% root is said to possess poison\s prop]ties4 ,! root ( ! ,european or g>d5 angelica 7,angelica (fic9alis ,mo5*7 supplies mu* ( ! angelica root ( comm]ce4 ,?is is native 9 nor!rn ,europe & is v widely cultivat$1 especially 9 ,g]many1 = ! root4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,angelica 7,angelica ,atropurpurea74 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! root is dug 9 autumn & c>efully dri$4 ,c>e is also necess>y 9 pres]v+ ! root1 z x is v liable to ! attacks ( insects4 ,am]ican ,angelica root ranges f #f to #aj c5ts a p\nd4 ,am]ican ,angelica root1 :i* 0 (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia f #ahbj to #ahfj is us$ z an aromatic1 tonic1 /imulant1 c>m9ative1 diuretic & diaphoretic4 ,9 l>ge doses x acts z an emetic4 ,! se$s are also employ$ m$ic9ally4 ,comfrey4 ,symphytum ,(fic9ale ,l4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,symphytum1 heal+ h]b1 knitback1 ass-e>1 backwort1 blackwort1 bruisewort1 gum-plant1 slipp]y-root4 ,habitat & ,range--,comfrey is naturaliz$ f ,europe & occurs 9 wa/e places f ,newf\ndl& to ,m9nesota1 s\? to ,m>yl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,comfrey 7,symphytum ,(fic9ale74 ,description ( ,plant--,?is co>se1 r\gh1 hairy1 p]5nial h]b is f #b to #c feet high1 erect & bran*$1 ) ?ick1 r\gh leaves1 ! l[] ones ovate lance %ap$1 #c to #aj in*es long1 po9t$ at ! apex1 & n>r[$ at ! base into m>g9$ /ems4 ,! upp]mo/ leaves are lance %ap$1 small] & /emless4 ,comfrey is 9 fl[] f ,june to ,augu/1 ! purpli% or dirty :ite1 tubul>1 bell %ap$ fl[]s num]\s & borne 9 d5se t]m9al clu/]s4 ,! nutlets :i* foll[ are br[n1 %9n+ & some:at wr9kl$4 ,comfrey belongs to ! borage family 7,borag9aceae47 ,description ( ,root--,comfrey has a l>ge1 deep1 sp9dle-%ap$ root1 ?ick & fle%y at ! top1 :ite inside & cov]$ ) a ?91 blacki% br[n b>k4 ,! dri$ root is h>d1 black & v deeply & r\ghly wr9kl$1 break+ ) a smoo?1 :ite1 waxy fracture4 ,z x occurs 9 comm]ce x is 9 pieces rang+ f ab\t an in* to sev]al in*es 9 l5g?1 only ab\t "o-f\r? ( an in* 9 ?ickness1 & usually consid]ably b5t4 ,x has a v mucilag9\s1 some:at sweeti% & a/r+5t ta/e1 b no odor4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! root is dug 9 autumn1 or sometimes 9 e>ly spr+4 ,comfrey root :5 fir/ dug is v fle%y & juicy1 b ab\t f\r-fif?s ( its weight is lo/ 9 dry+4 ,! price ranges f #d to #h c5ts a p\nd4 ,! mucilag9\s "* ( ,comfrey root r5d]s x useful 9 c\ghs & di>rheal compla9ts4 ,its action is demulc5t & slightly a/r+5t4 ,! leaves are also us$ to "s ext5t4 ,elecampane4 ,inula ,hel5ium ,l4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,inula1 inul1 horseheal1 elf-dock1 elfwort1 horse-eld]1 scabwort1 yell[ />wort1 velvet dock1 wild sunfl[]4 ,habitat & ,range--,?is p]5nial h]b has be5 naturaliz$ f ,europe1 & is f\nd along ! roadsides & 9 fields & damp pa/ures f ,nova ,scotia to ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 we/w>d to ,miss\ri & ,m9nesota4 ,x is a native also 9 ,asia4 ,description ( ,plant--,:5 9 fl[] elecampane resembles ! sunfl[] on a small scale4 ,l ! sunfl[]1 x is a memb] ( ! a/] family 7,a/]aceae74 ,x is a r\gh plant1 gr[+ f #c to #f feet 9 height1 b produc+ dur+ ! fir/ ye> only root leaves1 :i* atta9 consid]able size4 ,9 ! foll[+ season ! /\t d5sely hairy /em develops1 atta9+ a height ( f #c to #f feet4 ,illu/ration3 ,elecampane 7,inula ,hel5ium74 ,! leaves are broadly oblong 9 =m1 too!d1 ! upp] surface r\gh & ! "u side d5sely s(t-hairy4 ,! basal or root leaves are borne on long /ems1 & are f #aj to #bj in*es long & #d to #h in*es wide1 :ile ! upp] leaves are small] & /emless or clasp+4 ,ab\t ,july to ,septemb] ! t]m9al fl[] heads are produc$1 ei!r s+ly or a few toge!r4 ,z already /at$1 ^! fl[] heads look v mu* l small sunfl[]s1 #b to #d in*es broad1 & consi/ ( long1 n>r[1 yell[ rays1 #c too!d at ! apex1 & ! disk also is yell[4 ,description ( ,root--,elecampane has a l>ge1 long1 bran*+ root1 pale yell[ on ! outside & :iti% & fle%y )94 ,:5 dry ! outside turns a grayi% br[n or d>k br[n1 & is g5]ally f9ely wr9kl$ l5g?wise4 ,z f\nd 9 comm]ce1 elecampane is usually 9 transv]se or l5g?wise slices1 light yell[ or grayi% & fle%y int]nally1 dott$ ) num]\s %9+ res9 cells1 & ) ov]lapp+ br[n or wr9kl$ b>k4 ,^! slices become flexible 9 damp wea!r & t\gh1 b :5 !y are dry !y break ) a %ort fracture4 ,! root has at fir/ a /rongly aromatic odor1 :i* has be5 describ$ by "s z resembl+ a violet odor1 b ?is dim9i%$ 9 dry+4 ,! ta/e is aromatic1 bitt]i% & pung5t4 ,collection1 ,prices1 & ,uses--,! be/ "t = collect+ elecampane is 9 ! fall ( ! second ye>4 ,if collect$ lat] ?an t ! roots are apt to be /r+y & woody4 ,ow+ to ! int]lac+ habit ( ! rootlets1 mu* dirt adh]es to ! root1 b x %\ld be well clean$1 cut into transv]se or l5g?wise slices1 & c>efully dri$ 9 ! %ade4 ,collectors receive f #c to #e c5ts a p\nd = ?is root4 ,elecampane1 :i* 0 (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopeia ( #ahij1 is mu* us$ 9 affections ( ! respiratory organs1 9 dige/ive & liv] disord]s1 cat>rhal dis*>ges & sk9 diseases4 ,que5-(-!-,mead[4 ,eupatorium ,purpureum4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,gravelroot1 ,indian gravelroot1 joe-pye-we$1 purple boneset1 tall boneset1 kidney root1 k+-(-!-mead[1 m>%-milkwe$1 mo!rwort1 nigg]we$1 quillwort1 slunkwe$1 trumpetwe$4 ,habitat & ,range--,?is common native p]5nial h]b occurs 9 l[ gr\nds & dry woods & mead[s f ,canada to ,florida & ,texas4 ,description ( ,plant--,! /\t1 erect1 gre5 or purple /em ( ?is plant gr[s f #c to #aj feet 9 height & is usually smoo?1 simple or bran*$ at ! top4 ,! ?91 ve9y leaves are #d to #ab in*es long1 #a to #c in*es wide1 ovate or ovate lance %ap$1 %>p po9t$1 too!d & plac$ ar\nd ! /em 9 :orls ( ?ree to six4 ,:ile ! upp] surface ( ! leaves is smoo?1 !re is usually a slight hair9ess along ! ve9s on ! l[] surface1 o!rwise smoo?4 ,t[>d ! latt] "p ( ! summ] & 9 e>ly fall que5-(-!-mead[ is 9 fl[]1 produc+ #e to #ae fl[]$ p9k or purpli% heads1 all aggregat$ 9 l>ge comp\nd clu/]s :i* pres5t a r %[y appe>ance4 ,?is plant belongs to ! a/] family 7,a/]aceae74 ,illu/ration3 ,que5-(-!-,mead[ 7,eupatorium ,purpureum74 ,ano!r species :i* is collect$ ) ?is & = simil> purposes1 & by "s reg>d$ z only a v>iety1 is ! spott$ boneset or spott$ joe-pye-we$ 7,eupatorium maculatum ,l47 ,?is is v simil> to ,e4 purpureum1 b x does n gr[ s tall1 is r\gh-hairy & has ! /em spott$ ) purple4 ,! ?ick] leaves are co>sely too!d & 9 :orls ( ?ree to five & ! fl[] clu/]s are flatt5$ at ! top r ?an elongat$ z 9 ,e4 purpureum4 ,x is f\nd 9 moi/ soil f ,new ,york to ,k5tucky1 we/w>d to ,kansas1 ,new ,mexico1 ,m9nesota1 & z f> up z ,briti% ,columbia4 ,description ( ,root--,que5-(-mead[ root1 z x occurs 9 comm]ce1 is blacki% & woody1 furni%$ ) num]\s long d>k-br[n fib]s1 :i* are furr[$ or wr9kl$ l5g?wise & :iti% )94 ,x has a bitt]1 aromatic & a/r+5t ta/e4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,! root is collect$ 9 autumn & is us$ = its a/r+5t & diuretic prop]ties4 ,x 0 (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopeia f #ahbj to #ahdj4 ,! price ranges f #b #a_/b to #d c5ts a p\nd4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxv4 ,,m$ic9al ,,%rubs4 ,hydrangea4 ,hydrangea ,arboresc5s ,l4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,wild hydrangea1 sev5-b>ks4 ,habitat & ,range--,hydrangea frequ5ts rocky riv] banks & rav9es f ! s\!rn "p ( ,new ,york to ,florida1 & we/w>d to ,i[a & ,miss\ri1 be+ especially abundant 9 ! valley ( ! ,delaw>e & s\?w>d4 ,description ( ,plant--,hydrangea is an indig5\s %rub1 #e to #f feet or m 9 height1 ) weak twigs1 sl5d] leaf /ems & ?9 leaves4 ,x belongs to ! hydrangea family 7,hydrangeaceae74 ,! leaves are oval or sometimes he>t %ap$1 #c to #f in*es long1 %>ply too!d1 gre5 on bo? sides1 ! upp] smoo? & ! l[] sometimes hairy4 ,! %rub is 9 fl[] f ,june to ,july1 produc+ loose1 bran*+ t]m9al heads ( small1 gre5i% :ite fl[]s1 foll[$ by membran\s1 usually #b-;cell$ capsules1 :i* conta9 num]\s se$s4 ,sometimes hydrangea w fl[] a second "t e>ly 9 fall4 ,a peculi> *>act]i/ic ( ?is %rub & "o t has giv5 rise to ! common "n sev5-b>ks1 is ! peel+ (f ( ! /em b>k1 :i* comes (f 9 sev]al successive lay]s ( ?91 diff]5t color$ b>k4 ,description ( ,root--,! root is r\ghly bran*$ & :5 fir/ tak5 f ! gr\nd is v juicy1 b aft] dry+ x becomes h>d4 ,! smoo? :ite & t\gh wood is cov]$ ) a ?91 pale-yell[ or light-br[n b>k1 :i* readily scales (f4 ,! wood is ta/eless1 b ! b>k has a pleasant aromatic ta/e1 becom+ some:at pung5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,hydrangea 7,hydrangea ,arboresc5s74 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,hydrangea root is collect$ 9 autumn & z x becomes v t\gh aft] dry+ & difficult to bruise x is be/ to cut ! root 9 %ort transv]se pieces :ile x is fre% & /ill juicy & dry x 9 ?is way4 ,! price ranges f #b to #g c5ts a p\nd4 ,hydrangea has diuretic prop]ties & is said to h be5 mu* us$ by ! ,*]okees & e>ly settl]s 9 calcul\s compla9ts4 ,oregon ,grape4 ,b]b]is ,aquifolium ,pursi ,ph>macopeial ,"n--,b]b]is4 ,o!r ,common ,names--,rocky ,m\nta9 grape1 holly-leav$ b>b]ry1 ,cali=nia b>b]ry1 trail+ ,mahonia4 ,habitat & ,range--,?is %rub is native 9 woods 9 ri* soil among rocks f ,colorado to ! ,pacific ,ocean1 b is especially abundant 9 ,oregon & nor!rn ,cali=nia4 ,illu/ration3 ,oregon ,grape 7,b]b]is ,aquifolium74 ,description ( ,plant--,oregon grape is a l[-gr[+ %rub1 resembl+ some:at ! famili> ,*ri/mas holly ( ! ,ea/]n /ates1 &1 9 fact1 0 fir/ designat$ z m\nta9-holly by memb]s ( ! ,lewis & ,cl>k exp$ition on _! way ?r\gh ! we/]n c\ntry4 ,x belongs to ! b>b]ry family 7,b]b]idaceae71 & gr[s ab\t #b to #f feet 9 height1 ! bran*es sometimes trail+4 ,! leaves consi/ ( f #e to #i leaflets1 borne 9 pairs1 ) an odd leaflet at ! summit4 ,!y are f #b to #c in*es long & ab\t #a in* wide1 ev]gre51 ?ick1 lea!ry1 oblong or oblong ovate 9 outl9e1 smoo? & %9+ above1 ! m>g9s provid$ ) ?orny sp9es or tee?4 ,! num]\s small yell[ fl[]s appe> 9 ,april or ,may & are borne 9 erect1 clu/]$ heads4 ,! fruit consi/s ( a clu/] ( blue or blui% purple b]ries1 hav+ a pleasant ta/e1 & ea* conta9+ f ?ree to n9e se$s4 ,o!r ,species--,:ile ,b]b]is aquifolium is g5]ally designat$ z ! s\rce ( ,oregon grape root1 o!r species ( ,b]b]is are met ) 9 ! m>ket "u ! "n grape root1 & _! use is sanction$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia4 ,! species mo/ commonly collect$ ) ,b]b]is aquifolium is ,b4 n]vosa ,pur%1 :i* is also f\nd 9 woods f ,cali=nia nor?w>d to ,oregon & ,wa%+ton4 ,?is is #i to #ag in*es 9 height1 ) a conspicu\sly jo9t$ /em & #aa to #ag bright-gre5 leaflets4 ,ano!r species ( ,b]b]is1 ,b4 p9nata ,lag41 atta9s a height ( f a few in*es to #e feet1 ) f #e to #i1 b sometimes m1 leaflets1 :i* are %9+ above & pal] b5ea?4 ,?is resembles aquifolium v closely & is (t5 mi/ak5 = x1 b x is said t x has n be5 us$ by ! m$ical pr(ession1 unless 9 local practice4 ,! root also is ab\t ! same size z t ( aquifolium1 :ile ! root ( n]vosa is small]4 ,"s works speak ( ,b]b]is rep5s ,l9dl4 z ano!r species (t5 collect$ ) aquifolium1 b 9 ! late/ botanical manuals no su* species is recogniz$1 ,b4 rep5s be+ giv5 simply z a synonym = ,b4 aquifolium4 ,description ( ,root/ock--,! root/ock & roots ( ,oregon grape are m or less knotty1 9 irregul> pieces ( v>y+ l5g?s1 & ab\t an in* or less 9 diamet]1 ) br[ni% b>k & h>d & t\gh yell[ wood1 %[+ a small pi? & n>r[ rays4 ,oregon grape root has a v bitt] ta/e & v slight odor4 ,collection1 ,prices & ,uses--,oregon grape root is collect$ 9 autumn & br+s f #aj to #ab c5ts a p\nd4 ,! b>k %\ld n be remov$ f ! root/ocks1 z ! ,ph>macopoeia directs t su* roots be reject$4 ,?is root has long be5 us$ 9 dome/ic practice ?ru\t ! ,we/ z a tonic & blood purifi] & is n[ (ficial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ph>macopoeia4 ,! b]ries are us$ 9 mak+ pres]ves & cool+ dr9ks4 ,,end ,,( ,,g9s5g ,,& ,,o!r ,,m$ic9al ,,plants