,by ,john ,fiske  ,,essays ,,&          
,,philosophy   ,a ,,c5tury ,,( ,,sci5ce1
 & o!r ,essays4  ,,my?s ,,&             
,,my?-,,mak]s3 ,old ,tales &            
,sup]/itions int]pret$ by ,comp>ative   
,my?ology4  ,,outl9es ,,( ,,cosmic      
,,philosophy4 ,new ,edition4 ,)         
introduction by ,josiah ,royce1 & index4
 #d vols4  ,,! ,,unse5 ,,_w1 & o!r      
,essays4  ,,excursions ,,( ,,an         
,,evolutioni/4  ,,d>w9ism1 & o!r        
,essays4  ,,! ,,de/9y ,,( ,,man1 view$ 9
 ! ,light ( ,8 ,orig94  ,,! ,,idea ,,(  
,,god1 z affect$ by ,mod]n ,k4  ,,?r\gh 
,,nature ,,to ,,god4  ,,life ,,ev]la/+4 
,= complete li/ ( ,mr4 ,fiske's         
,hi/orical & ,philosophical ,works1 &   
,essays1 see pages at ! back ( ?is "w4  
,,h\ghton ,,miffl9 ,,company ,,bo/on ,,&
 ,,new ,,york     ,,life ,,ev]la/+      
,illu/ration            ,,life ,,ev]la/+
                 ,,by                   
,,john ,,fiske             ,illu/ration 
,,bo/on ,,& ,,new ,,york       ,,h\ghton
 ,,miffl9 ,,company      ,! ,riv]side   

,press ,cambridge     ,,copyright1      
#aija1 ,,by ,,abby ,m4 ,,fiske1         
,,executrix         ,,all ,,rights      
,,res]v$      ,publi%$ ,septemb]1 #aija 
,illu/ration   ,,note   ,on ! ev5+ (    
,decemb] #ai1 #aijj1 ,mr4 ,fiske deliv]$
 9 ,s&]s ,!atre1 ,cambridge1 ! address  
"h pr9t$4 ,x 0 giv5 at ! reque/ ( ,h>v>d
 ,univ]sity1 9 accordance ) ! t]ms ( !  
,+]soll lecture%ip1 b x /ood cle>ly 9   
,mr4 ,fiske's m9d z a cont9uation1 & 9 a
 s5se ! completion1 ( t s]ies (         
philosophic /udies successively issu$ "u
 ! titles1 ,! ,de/9y ( ,man view$ 9 !   
,light ( 8 ,orig91 ,! ,idea ( ,god z    
affect$ by ,mod]n ,k1 & ,?r\gh ,nature  
to ,god4 ,mr4 ,fiske delay$ !           
publication ( ,life ,ev]la/+1 & x is    
possible t he design$ amplify+ x4 ,yet1 
z he /at$ 9 8 ,preface to ,! ,idea (    
,god1 t bo? t book & ,! ,de/9y ( ,man 7 
pr9t$ exactly z deliv]$1 )\t ! addition1
 or subtraction1 or alt]ation ( a s+le  
^w1 s he may h int5d$ to pr9t ?is /udy 9
 ! same way4 ,at any rate x is n[ pr9t$ 

exactly z x 0 deliv]$1 8 p]fectly cle>  
manuscript be+ c>efully foll[$4    #d   
,,p>k ,,/reet1 ,,bo/on   ,autumn1 #aija 
,illu/ration   ,,! ,,+]soll ,,lecture%ip
  ,extract f ! w ( ,miss ,c>ol9e        
,haskell ,+]soll1 :o di$ 9 ,ke5e1 ,c\nty
 ( ,*e%ire1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,jan4 #bf1  
#ahic4   ,fir/4 ,9 c>ry+ out ! wi%es (  
my late belov$ fa!r1 ,george ,gold?wait 
,+]soll1 z decl>$ by him 9 8 la/ w &    
te/am5t1 ,i give & bequea? to ,h>v>d    
,univ]sity 9 ,cambridge1 ,mass41 :]e my 
late fa!r 0 graduat$1 & :i* he always   
held 9 love & honor1 ! sum ( ,five ?\s& 
doll>s 7#e1jjj7 z a fund = ! e/abli%m5t 
( a ,lecture%ip on a plan some:at simil>
 to t ( ! ,dudleian lecture1 t is--"o   
lecture to be deliv]$ ea* ye>1 on any   
conv5i5t day betwe5 ! la/ day ( ,may & !
 fir/ day ( ,decemb]1 on ?is subject1 ! 
,immortality ( ,man1 said lecture n to  
=m a "p ( ! usual college c\rse1 nor to 
be deliv]$ by any ,pr(essor or ,tutor z 
"p ( 8 usual r\t9e ( in/ruction1 ?\gh   
any su* ,pr(essor or ,tutor may be      

appo9t$ to su* s]vice4 ,! *oice ( said  
lectur] is n to be limit$ to any "o     
religi\s d5om9ation1 nor to any "o      
pr(ession1 b may be t ( ei!r cl]gyman or
 layman1 ! appo9tm5t to take place at   
lea/ six mon?s be=e ! deliv]y ( said    
lecture4 ,! above sum to be safely      
inve/$ & ?ree f\r?s ( ! annual int]e/   
!re( to be paid to ! lectur] = 8 s]vices
 & ! rema9+ f\r? to be exp5d$ 9 !       
publi%m5t & gratuit\s di/ribution ( !   
lecture1 a copy ( :i* is always to be   
furni%$ by ! lectur] = su* purpose4 ,!  
same lecture to be nam$ & kn[n z !      
,+]soll lecture on ! ,immortality (     
,man4     ,,life ,,ev]la/+              
,illu/ration   ,,life ,,ev]la/+   ,few  
incid5ts 9 anci5t hi/ory are m tragic   
?an ! dea? ( ,pompey4 ,! spectacle ( !  
mighty w>rior :o _h conqu]$ ! ,ori5t &  
cont5d$ ) ,cs> = ! ma/]y ( ! _w1 a      
defeat$ & despair+ fugitive1 trea*]\sly 
murd]$ & ly+ unburi$ on ! ,egyptian /r&1
 0 "o t drew te>s f ,cs> himself & f _m 
ano!r4 ,yet among ! poets ( ! sixte5?   

c5tury ,r5aissance !re 0 "o :o took a   
diff]5t view ( ! matt]4 ,9 an epigram ( 
incomp>able beauty ,francesco ,molsa    
exclaims3--      ,dux1 ,ph>ea quamvis   
jaceas inhumatus ar5a1       ,non ideo  
fati e/ svior ira tui3     ,indignum    
fu]at tellus tibi victa sepulcrum2      
,non decuit coelo1 te1 nisi1 ,magne1    
tegi6  ,x is almo/ impossible to pres]ve
 9 a translation ! peculi> *>m ( ^!     
l9es1 b a fri5d ( m9e 9 "o ( ! pleasant 
/ud5t days ( =ty ye>s ago produc$ ?is   
happy & fitt+ p>aphrase3--      ,we     
grieve n1 ,pompey1 t to !e       ,no    
e>?ly tomb 0 giv52     ,all l&s subdu$1 
n\ght else 0 free       ,to %elt] !e b  
,heav56  ,"h ! art ( ! poet lies 9 !    
boldness ) :i* he seizes ^u "o ( ! mo/  
subtle & />tl+ effects ( contra/4 ,9 ! v
 circum/ance :i* to ! anci5t m9d 0 !    
acme ( humiliation & horror 8 g5ius     
disc]ns ! occasion = mo/ exalt$         
panegyric1 ! bitt]ness ( dea? is lo/ 9 !
 ab\nd+ triumph ( ! s\l enl>g$ & set    
free1 ! attributes ( woe are trans=m$   

into cr[n+ glories4  ,x is j 9 ?is _s ( 
! ,mod5ese poet t mank9d has s\ght to   
take away f dea? its /+1 f ! grave its  
victory4 ,t solemn mom5t 9 :i*1 = ^? :o 
h gone be=e & = u :o are to foll[1 ! eye
 ( s5se beholds naught save ! end+ ( !  
_w1 ! entrance ^u a black & sil5t       
et]nity1 ! eye ( fai? decl>es to be !   
supreme mom5t ( a new bir? = !          
dis5?rall$ s\l1 ! introduction to a new 
era ( life comp>$ ) :i* ! pres5t "o is n
 wor?y ( ! "n4 ,greek3 ,tis d' oid51    
exclaims ,euripides1      ,greek3 ,tis  
d' oid5 ei to zn m5 e/i kat?ane91       
,to kat?ane9 de zn8  ,:o c tell b t ?is 
:i* we call life is really dea?1 f :i*  
:at we call dea? is an awak5+8 ,f ?is   
vantage gr\nd ( ?\ght ! human s\l comes 
to look )\t dread ^u ! t]m9ation ( ?is  
t]re/rial exi/5ce4 ,! failure ( ! bodily
 p[]s1 ! /oppage ( ! flutt]+ pulse1 !   
cold /illness ^u ! features s lately    
wrea!d 9 smiles ( m]rim5t1 ! corruption 
( ! tomb1 ! break+ ( ! ties ( love1 !   
loss ( all t has giv5 value to exi/5ce1 

! dull blankness ( irrem$iable sorr[1 ! 
knell ( ev]la/+ f>ewells1--all ?is is   
seiz$ ^u by ! sov]eign imag9ation ( man 
& trans=m$ into a sc5e ( transc5d+      
glory1 su* z 9 all ! va/ c>e] ( !       
univ]se is res]v$ = humanity alone4 ,9 !
 highe/ ( creatures ! ,div9e imman5ce   
has acquir$ suffici5t conc5tration &    
/ead9ess to survive ! dissolution ( !   
fle% & ass]t an individuality           
untrammell$ by ! limitations :i* 9 !    
pres5t life ev]y:]e p]si/5tly surr\nd x4
 ,^u ?is view dea? is n a calamity b a  
boon1 n a puni%m5t inflict$ ^u ,man1 b !
 supreme manife/ation ( 8 exceptional   
pr]ogative z *ief among ,god's          
creatures4 ,?us ! fai? 9 immortal life  
is ! great poetic a*ievem5t ( ! human   
m9d1 x is all-p]vasive1 x is conc]n$ ) e
 mom5t & e aspect ( our exi/5ce z moral 
individuals1 & x is ! "o ?+ t makes ?is 
_w inhabitable = be+s con/ruct$ l       
ourselves4 ,! de/ruction ( ?is sublime  
poetic conception w\ld be l depriv+ a   
planet ( its atmosph]e2 x w\ld leave    

no?+ b a moral des]t z cold & dead z !  
savage surface ( ! moon4  ,we h n[ to   
consid] ?is supreme poetic a*ievem5t (  
man--8 belief 9 8 own ,immortality--9 ! 
light ( our mod]n /udies ( evolution2 we
 mu/ notice "s di/9ctions betwe5 its    
e>li] & lat] /ages1 & briefly exam9e "s 
( ! objections :i* h be5 alleg$ 9 ! "n (
 sci5ce aga9/ ! validity ( ! belief4    
,"h1 z 9 all dep>tm5ts ( ! effloresc5ce 
( ! human m9d1 ! beg9n+s 7 l[ly1 &      
necess>ily s4 ,no?+ v l(ty or f>-rea*+  
c\ld be expect$ f ! k9d ( bra9 t 0      
encas$ 9 ! ,ne&]?al skull4 ,among exi/+ 
savages !re are tribes conc]n+ :i*      
travell]s h d\bt$ :e!r !y possess ideas 
t c prop]ly be call$ religi\s4 ,b :]ev] 
untutor$ humanity exi/s we f9d !        
conception ( a _w ( gho/s m or less     
di/9ctly elaborat$2 ! ?rong+ simulacra (
 dep>t$ tribesm5 l+] ne> _! accu/om$    
haunts1 ke5ly s5sitive to fav\r or      
neglect1 & quick to puni% all           
infractions ( ! rules :i* ! /]n         
exig5cies ( life 9 ! wild]ness h        

prescrib$ = ! conduct ( ! tribe4 ,?is   
crude primeval gho/-_w is ?us already   
closely associat$ ) ! e?ical side (     
life1 & out ( ?is association h gr[n "s 
( ! mo/ colossal gov]n+ ag5cies by :i* !
 developm5t ( human society has be5     
influ5c$4 ,x is !re=e n )\t reason t    
mod]n /ud5ts ( an?ropology devote s mu* 
"t to animism & feti%ism & o!r crude    
work+s ( t savage intellig5ce ( :i* !   
primeval gho/-_w is a product4  ,x is n 
at all unlikely t ! savage's notion (   
gho/s may h orig9at$ *iefly 9 8 exp]i5ce
 ( dreams1 & ?is is ! explanation at    
pres5t mo/ 9 fav\r4 ,! sleep+ w>rior    
ranges f> & wide ov] ! c\ntry1 :ile he  
*ases ! buffalo & jo9s 9 ! m$ic9e dance 
) comrades kn[n to h di$ yet n[ z active
 & z voluble z himself1 b sudd5ly ! sc5e
 *anges & he is back 9 8 famili> hut    
surr\nd$ by 8 p :o c te/ify t he has n =
 a mom5t left !m4 ,x is n unlikely1 ,i  
say1 t ! notion ( "o's consci\s self z  
some?+ :i* c quit ! mat]ial body &      
return to x may h />t$ 9 su* (t5-repeat$

 humble exp]i5ces4 ,x c h>dly be d\bt$1 
h[ev]1 t ?is savage conception ( !      
deta*able consci\s self is simply !     
primitive phase ( ! ,*ri/ian conception 
( ! consci\s s\l :i* dwells )9 !        
p]i%able body & quits x at dea?4 ,?r\gh 
_m /ages ( elaboration & ref9em5t !     
sequ5ce betwe5 ! two conceptions is     
unmi/akable4  ,at ?is po9t ! mat]iali/  
int]poses ) an argum5t :i* he reg>ds z  
cru%+4 ,he rem9ds u t if we w\ld e/imate
 ! value ( an idea1 z ( a race-horse or 
a ma/iff1 x is well to take a look at   
its p$igree4 ,:at1 !n1 is to be said--he
 scornfully asks--( a doctr9e ( p]sonal 
immortality :i* :5 r$uc$ to its l[e/    
t]ms is se5 to h />t$ 9 a savage's      
mis9t]pretation ( 8 dreams8 ,:at m is   
ne$$ to prove x unwor?y ( ! s]i\s       
att5tion ( a sci5tific /ud5t ( nature8  
,on ! o!r h&1 ! /ud5t ^: mood is truly  
sci5tific w feel t "o ( mank9d's c>d9al 
beliefs mu/ n be dismiss$ too lightly   
because ( ! crud5ess & error 9 t        
primitive /ratum ( human ?\ght 9 :i* x  

fir/ took root4 ,9 8 p]ceptions )9 c]ta9
 limits ! savage is em95tly ke5 &       
accurate1 b :5 x comes to intellectual  
judgm5ts t g at all bel[ ! surface ( ?+s
 8 m9d is a m]e f>rago ( grotesque      
fancies1 :]e91 nev]!less1 "s k]nels (   
tru? are "h & !re emb$d$4 ,x is a long  
way f ! dragon swall[+ ! sun to !       
int]position ( ! moon's d>k body betwe5 
u & t lum9>y4 ,! dragon 0 a figm5t (    
fancy1 b ! eclipse 0 none ! less a fact4
  ,n[ if we may take an illu/ration f ! 
work+s ( an infant's m9d1 x is pretty   
cle>ly made out t z baby sits propp$    
among 8 pill[s & turns 8 eyes hi!r &    
?i!r 9 foll[+ 8 "m's movem5ts to & fro 9
 ! room1 %e seems 9 com+ t[>d him to    
enl>ge & 9 go+ away to dim9i% 9 size1 l 
,alice 9 ,wond]l&4 ,x is only ) !       
education ( ! eye & ! small muscles :i* 
adju/ x t ! l>g] area subt5d$ on ! ret9a
 in/antly means comp>ative ne>ness & !  
small] area comp>ative remot5ess4 ,at   
fir/ ! s5sations are int]pret$ directly1
 & ! impression ^u baby's nasc5t        

intellig5ce is a gross error4 ,! "m is n
 wax+ great & small by turns1 b only    
approa*+ & rec$+4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we consid]
 t 9 baby's m9d ! enl>g$ ret9al spot    
means m & ! dim9i%$ spot less ( !       
pleasurable feel+s excit$ by a famili> &
 graci\s pres5ce1 ! approa* ( :i* is    
greet$ ) smiles & out-/ret*$ arms1 :ile 
its dep>ture is bemoan$ ) cries & te>s1 
we see t z to ! ess5tials ( ! situation 
! dawn+ intellig5ce is entirely "r1     
al?\gh its specific int]pretation is q  
wrong4 ,mamma has n really dw9dl$ &     
vani%$ l ! p5ny 9 a conjur]'s palm1 b   
has only flitt$ f ! field ( vision4  ,to
 come back n[ to our primeval savage1 :5
 he sees 9 a dream 8 deceas$ comrade &  
mi/akes ! vision = a reality1 8 error is
 n conc]n$ ) ! mo/ fundam5tal "p ( !    
matt]4 ,! all-important fact is t ?is   
dream+ savage has someh[ acquir$ a m5tal
 attitude t[>d dea? :i* is totally      
diff]5t f t ( all o!r animals1 & is     
!re=e peculi>ly human4 ,?r\gh\t !       
half-doz5 inv]tebrate bran*es or        

sub-k+doms1 :]e intellig5ce is manife/$ 
only 9 its l[] =ms ( reflex action &    
in/9ct1 we f9d no evid5ce t any creature
 has come to "k ( dea?4 ,!re is a s5se1 
no d\bt1 9 :i* we may say t ! love (    
life is univ]sal4 ,z a rule1 all animals
 %un dang]1 & natural selection ma9ta9s 
?is rule by ! pitiless slaught] ( all   
del9qu5ts1 ( all 9 :om ! ne$ful inh]it$ 
t5d5cies are too weak4 ,b 9 ! l[] animal
 grades & 9 ! vegetal _w ! c\rt+ ( life 
& ! %r9k+ f dea? g on )\t consci\s      
intellig5ce1 z ! blades ( grass 9 a     
mead[ or ! clu/]+ leaves ^u a tree      
compete ) "o ano!r = ! maximum (        
exposure to sun%9e until p]haps /\t     
b\ghs & /ems are w>p$ or twi/$ 9 !      
/ruggle4 ,among inv]tebrates1 ev5 :5 we 
get s high z lob/]s & cuttlefi%1 !      
consci\sness att5dant ^u ! seiz+ ( prey 
& ! escape f enemies probably does n    
ext5d beyond ! facts )9 ! imm$iate sph]e
 ( vision4 ,ev5 among ^? ants t h       
m>%all$ ho/s & gr& tactics !re is       
d\btless no su* ?+ z m$itation ( dea?4  

,pass+ to ! v]tebrates1 x is n until we 
rea* ! w>m-blood$ birds & mammals t we  
f9d :at we are seek+4 ,among sundry     
birds & mammals we see indications ( a  
dawn+ recognition ( ! pres5ce ( dea?4   
,an e>ly manife/ation is ! s5se (       
b]eavem5t :5 ! mat]nal in/9ct is rudely 
di/urb$1 z 9 ! c[ m\rn+ = h] calf4 ,?is 
feel+ goes a little way1 b n a great    
way1 beyond ! s5se ( physical discom=t1 
& is soon reliev$ by milk+4 ,mu* m      
int5se & abid+ is ! feel+ ( b]eavem5t   
among birds t mate = life1 & among !    
high] apes1 & x rea*es its culm9ation 9 
! dog ^: intellig5ce & affections h be5 
s pr(\ndly modifi$ ?r\gh 8 imm5sely long
 comrade%ip ) man4 ,n[h]e 9 lit]ature d 
we /rike ^u a deep] note ( pa?os ?an 9  
,scott's immortal l9es on ! dog :o />v$ 
:ile wat*+ 8 "y ma/]'s lifeless body1   
alone ^u a ,highl& moor3--      ,h[ long
 did/ ?\ ?9k t 8 sil5ce 0 slumb]8       
,:5 ! w9d /irr$ 8 g>m5t1 h[ (t did/ ?\  
/>t6  ,yet ev5 ?is devot$ creature c\ld 
h c>ri$ 8 ?\ghts b little way t[>d !    

po9t rea*$ by our dream+ savage ) 8     
incipi5t gho/-_w4 ,m p[] ( ab/raction & 
g5]alization 0 ne$$4 ,:ile ! sight ( !  
kill+ ( a fell[-creature may ar\se      
viol5t t]ror 9 ! high] mammals bel[ man1
 !re is no?+ to indicate t ! sight ( !  
dead body awak5s 9 ! dumb spectator any 
g5]al conceptions 9 :i* 8 own ultimate  
doom is includ$4 ,! only feel+ ar\s$    
seems to v>y betwe5 utt] indiff]5ce &   
fa9t curiosity4 ,pr(essor ,%al] makes a 
/atem5t ( c>d9al importance 9 ?is       
connection :5 he says3 ,if we %\ld seek 
"s "o m>k :i*1 9 ! intellectual advance 
f ! brutes to man1 might d5ote ! passage
 to ! human side1 we might well f9d x 9 
! mom5t :5 x dawn$ on ! nasc5t man t    
dea? 0 a my/]y :i* he _h 9 8 turn to    
meet4#a  #a ,%al]1 ,! ,individual1 p4   
#aid4  ,x is !re=e int]e/+ to note t !  
fir/ approa*es1 albeit remote ones1 t[>d
 a realiz+ s5se ( dea? occur among ^?   
animals 9 :i* ! beg9n+s ( family life h 
be5 made1 & ! habitual ex]cise (        
altrui/ic emotions helps to wid5 !      

intellig5ce & facilitate ! appropriation
 to "o's self ( ! exp]i5ces ( "o's      
comrades & mates4 ,su* is ! case )      
p]man5tly mat$ birds & ) ! high] apes1  
:ile ! case ( ! dog1 exceptional z x is 
?r\gh 8 acquir$ dep5d5ce ^u man1 has    
simil> implications4 ,n[ ,i h else:]e   
prov$ & repeat$ly illu/rat$ t ! lead+   
peculi>ity :i* di/+ui%$ man's apelike   
prog5itors f all o!r creatures 0 !      
progressive increase 9 ! duration (     
infancy1 :i* 0 a direct consequ5ce (    
exp&+ intellig5ce1 & 0 moreov] !        
imm$iate cause ( ! g5esis ( ! human     
family & ( human society4 ,x appe>s n[ t
 ! realiz+ s5se ( dea?1 su* z we f9d x 9
 untutor$ m5 ( primitive habits ( ?\ght1
 has orig9at$ 9 ! selfsame circum/ances 
:i* h wr\ght ! mighty *ange f           
greg>i\sness to sociality1 f ! g5]al    
level ( mammalian exi/5ce to ! unique   
level ( humanity4 ,i h else:]e call$    
att5tion to ! pr(\ndly int]e/+ fact t ! 
notion ( an ,unse5 ,_w beyond t 9 :i* we
 lead our daily lives is coeval ) !     

e>lie/ beg9n+s ( ,humanity ^u our       
planet4 ,we may n[ obs]ve t x adds      
greatly to ! int]e/ & to ! significance 
( ?is fact1 :5 we f9d t ! v circum/ances
 :i* t5d$ to s+le out our prog5itors1 & 
raise !m f ! av]age mammalian level into
 ,manhood1 t5d$ also to make !m realize 
! problem ( dea? & meet x ) a solution4 
,! gr\p+ ( facts n[ beg9s to make x     
appe> t ?is primeval solution 0 b !     
natural outcome ( ! :ole cosmic process 
t _h gone be=e2 t :5 nasc5t ,humanity   
fir/ elud$ ! burd5 ( ! problem by ris+  
above x1 ?is 0 b "p & p>cel ( !         
unprec$5t$ cosmic op]ation ?r\gh :i*    
man's ,humanity 0 develop$ & decl>$4 ,! 
long & cumulative play ( cause & effect 
:i* wr\ght ! l5g!n+ ( ! p]iod ( helpless
 babyhood & ! correlative mat]nal c>e1 &
 :i* ?us diff]5tiat$ ! non-human horde (
 primates into a gr\p ( human clans1 0  
att5d$ by a /rong developm5t ( !        
sympa!tic feel+s z x va/ly increas$ !   
mutual dep5d5ce among individuals4 ,dur+
 ! same p]iod ! gradual acquirem5t (    

articulate spee* 0 accompani$ by a great
 increase 9 ! p[]s ( ab/raction &       
g5]alization4 ,^! new capacities 7      
appli$ to ! int]pretation ( dea?1 j z !y
 7 appli$ to all o!r ?+s2 & ?us1 9 ! v  
process ( becom+ human1 our prog5itors  
arose to ! consci\sness ( dea? z some?+ 
) :i* humanity has always & ev]y:]e to  
reckon4 ,f ! e>lie/ & mo/ rudim5t>y     
/ages ( ! process1 h[ev]1 ! conception (
 dea? 0 n ( an ev5t :i* puts an end to  
human individuality1 b ( an ev5t :i*    
human individuality survives4 ,if we    
look at ! circum/ances ( ! g5esis (     
mank9d purely f ! naturali/'s po9t (    
view1 x _c fail to be highly significant
 t ! m5tal attitude t[>d dea? %\ld f !  
fir/ h assum$ ?is =m1 t ! human s\l %\ld
 f ! />t h felt itself encompass$ n only
 by ! endless multitude ( visible &     
tangible & audible ?+s1 b also by an    
,unse5 ,_w4 ,9 view ( ?is /rik+ fact x  
is ( small mom5t t ! e>lie/             
g5]alizations :i* 9 c\rse ( "t develop$ 
into a _w ( gho/s & demons 7 grotesquely

 errone\s4 ,primitive !oriz+ is sure to 
be faulty & 9 ! light ( lat] k comes to 
seem absurd & biz>re4 ,su* has be5 9    
mod]n days ! fate ( ! savage's gho/-_w1 
along ) ! ,ptolemaic a/ronomy1 ! doctr9e
 ( signatures1 & _m ano!r sample ( !    
wisdom ( ! anci5ts4 ,b ! fact t         
primitive man mis-/at$ 8 relation to !  
,unse5 ,_w 9 no wise militates aga9/ !  
tru? ( 8 assumption t su* a _w exi/s =  
u4  ,to ?is "q z to ! tru? ( !          
assumption ,i %all return 9 ! sequel4   
,we h v briefly sket*$ ! mann] ( its    
orig9ation1 & "h we may leave ?is "p (  
our subject ) ! rem>k t ! belief 9 a    
future life1 9 a _w unse5 to mortal     
eyes1 is n only coeval ) ! beg9n+s ( !  
human race b is also coext5sive ) x 9   
all its subsequ5t /ages ( developm5t4 ,x
 is 9 %ort "o ( ! diff]5tial attributes 
( humanity4 ,man is n only ! primate :o 
possesses articulate spee* & ! p[] (    
ab/ract reason+1 :o is *>act]iz$ by a   
long p]iod ( pla/ic infancy & a         
correspond+ capacity = progress1 :o is  

gr\p$ 9 societies ( :i* ! primordial    
units 7 clans2 he is n only all ?is1 b  
he is ! creature :o expects to survive !
 ev5t ( physical dea?4 ,?is expectation 
0 "o ( 8 acquisitions ga9$ :ile atta9+  
to ! human plane ( exi/5ce1 & ! int]e/+ 
"q 9 ! natural hi/ory ( man is :e!r x is
 to be reg>d$ z a p]man5t acquisition1  
or is r analog\s to ! organ t subs]ves1 
p]haps ?r\gh long ages1 an important b  
tempor>y purpose1 aft] ! fulfilm5t ( :i*
 x dw9dles into a rudim5t neglect$ &    
=gott54  ,i d n ov]look ! exi/5ce (     
div]s !ological sy/ems 9 :i* ! attitude 
t[>d a future life is v diff]5t f t )   
:i* our ,*ri/ian education has made u   
famili>4 ,we sometimes he> su* sy/ems   
cit$ z exceptions to ! alleg$           
univ]sality ( ! human belief 9          
immortality4 ,! ,buddhi/ looks =w>d     
?r\gh myriads ( successive s5ti5t       
exi/5ces to a culm9at+ /ate ( ,nirwana1 
:i* if n actual ext9ction is at lea/    
complete quiesc5ce1 ! absolute z]o (    
be+4 ,x h>dly ne$s say+1 h[ev]1 t       

,buddhi/ic !ology1 ?\gh x may h arriv$  
at su* a z]o ?r\gh long flights (       
metaphysical reason+1 is nev]!less bas$ 
9 all its f\ndations ^u ! primitive     
belief 9 man's survival ( dea?4         
,sometimes x is said t ! ,jews ( ! ,old 
,te/am5t times _h no prop] conception ( 
immortality4 ,x c h>dly be ma9ta9$1     
h[ev]1 t su* /ories z t ( ! conv]sation 
at ,endor betwe5 ! liv+ ,saul & ! dead  
,samuel c\ld emanate f a p de/itute (   
belief 9 a life aft] dea?4 ,9 po9t (    
fact anci5t ,jewi% ?\ght ab\nds 9 traces
 ( ! primitive gho/-_w4 ,x is only by   
contra/ ) ! glori\s & inspir+ ,*ri/ian  
developm5t ( ! belief 9 immortality t ! 
e>li] disp5sation seems s jejune &      
meagre 9 its fai?4 ,!re 0 little to     
ar\se religi\s emotion 9 ! dismal _w (  
flitt+ %ad[s1 ! ,%eol or ,hades f :i* ! 
,greek h]o w\ld s gladly h escap$1 ev5  
to take ! mo/ m5ial position 9 all !    
sunlit _w4 ,greek & ,hebrew ?\ght1 9 :at
 we call ! classic ages1 /ood alike 9   
ne$ ( religi\s revival4 ,! my?ic lore ( 

! ,greek m9d _h fl[]$ luxuriantly 9     
/hetic fancies1 :ile ! spiritual life ( 
,judaism langui%$ amid /rict ob$i5ce to 
=ms & precepts4 ,! f>-rea*+ ?\ghts (    
,greek philosoph]s & ! l(ty e?ics (     
,hebrew prea*]s 7 divorc$ f ! primitive 
gho/-_w1 ev5 z ! m5tal processes ( !    
mod]n s*ol> are sep>at$ by a great gulf 
f ^? ( ! woman :o comes to scrub !      
floor4 ,! adv5t ( ,*ri/ianity fus$      
toge!r ! v>i\s elem5ts4 ,! doctr9e ( a  
future life 0 end[$ ) all ! moral       
significance t ,jewi% ?\ght c\ld give to
 x1 & ) all ! my/ic glory t ,hell5ic    
speculation c\ld contribute1 s t !      
effect ^u m5 0 t ( a fre% revelation (  
life & immortality ?r\gh ! gospel4      
,grotesque & hide\s features also 7     
br\ght 9 f ! gho/-worlds ( ! classic    
ages1 z well z f t ( ! ,teutonic        
b>b>ians1 & ! result is se5 9 m$ival    
,*ri/ianity4 ,at no o!r "t1 p]haps1 has 
! ,unse5 ,_w play$ su* a lead+ "p 9 m5's
 m9ds z 9 ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies ( 
our ,*ri/ian era1 9 ! age t witness$ !  

culm9ation ( sublimity 9 *ur*           
ar*itecture1 9 ! society ^: ?\ght f\nd  
compreh5sive expression 9 ! ,summa ( ,/4
 ,?omas1 z ! ?\ght ( our times is       
express$ 9 ,sp5c]'s ,fir/ ,pr9ciples1 9 
an intellectual atmosph]e1 :i* j z x 0  
ab\t pass+ away 0 depict$ = all com+ "t 
9 ! poem ( ,dante4 ,x 0 a "t ( spiritual
 awak5+ su* z mank9d _h nev] be=e       
witness$1 b x 0 also an age ( new       
problems1 an age :]e9 ! se$s ( revolt 7 
?ickly g]m9at+4 ,! nature & con/itution 
( ! ,unse5 ,_w _h be5 too ra%ly & too   
elaborately set =? 9 !orems born ( !    
sl5d] k ( primitive times1 & ! gr[+     
t5d5cy to int]rogate ,nature soon l$ to 
conclusions :i* broke d[n ! old edifice 
( ?\ght4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury came       
,cop]nicus & adm9i/]$ su* a %ock to !   
m9d z ev5 ,lu!r's defiance ( ! papacy   
sc>cely equall$4 ,9 rec5t days1 :5      
,bi%op ,wilb]=ce reckon$ )\t 8 ho/ 9    
try+ to twit ,huxley ) 8 monkey ance/ry1
 our m9ds 7 gett+ inur$ to all sorts (  
audaci\s innovations1 s t !y did n      

greatly di/urb u4 ,= its unsettl+       
effects ^u "t-hon\r$ beliefs & m5tal    
habits ! ,d>w9ian !ory is no m to be    
comp>$ to ! ,cop]nican ?an ! inv5tion ( 
! /eamboat is to be comp>$ to ! voyages 
( ,columbus4 ,we are 9 no dang] (       
ov]rat+ ! bewild]m5t t 0 wr\ght by !    
discov]y t our e>? is n ! physical c5tre
 ( ?+s1 & t ! sun app>5tly does n exi/ =
 ! sole purpose ( giv+ light & w>m? to  
man's t]re/rial habitat4 ,we ne$ n wond]
 t 9 cons]vative ,spa9 sc>cely a c5tury 
ago ! ,univ]sity ( ,salamanca prohibit$ 
! tea*+ ( ! ,newtonian a/ronomy4 ,we ne$
 n wond] t ,galileo %\ld h be5 comm&$ to
 hold 8 tongue on a topic t seem$ to ca/
 discr$it ^u ! :ole !ology t assumes man
 to be ! c5tral object ( ! ,div9e c>e4  
,?is unsettl+ ( m5's m9ds 0 ( c\rse     
indef9itely increas$ by ! revolt (      
,desc>tes aga9/ ! s*ola/ic philosophy1  
by ,newton's imm5se contributions to    
physics1 & by su* discov]ies z ^? (     
,h>vey1 ,black1 & ,lavoisi]1 :i* %[$ by 
:at me?ods tru? c\ld be obta9$ conc]n+  

,nature's op]ations1 & h[ diff]5t su*   
me?ods 7 f ^? by :i* ! accept$ sy/ems ( 
!ology _h be5 built up4 ,! result has   
be5 :olesale skepticism direct$ aga9/   
ev]y?+ :atev] t n[ exi/s or has ev]     
exi/$ 9 ! %ape ( an anci5t belief4 ,?is 
result 0 fir/ rea*$ 9 ,france ab\t !    
middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 :5 ! ?\ghts 
( ,locke & ,newton 7 eag]ly absorb$ 9 a 
community irritat$ beyond endurance by  
social inju/ice1 & 9 :i* ! *ur* _h done 
mu* to =feit respect4 ,?us came ab\t t  
viol5t outbreak ( mat]iali/ic a!ism :i*1
 9 spite ( its g5]\s aims & _m admirable
 a*ievem5ts1 is surely "o ( ! mo/       
m\rnful episodes 9 ! hi/ory ( human     
?\ght4 ,! ,fr5* philosoph]s set an      
example to ?ree g5]ations2 ! note /ruck 
by ,did]ot & ,buffon & ,d',alemb]t      
cont9u$ to res\nd until ! sci5tific     
horizon _h become radiant 9 e qu>t] ) ! 
promise ( a bright] day1 & its e*oes h n
 yet di$4 ,x 0 b lately t ! voice (     
,lamettrie 0 he>d aga9 f ! lips (       
,/rauss & ,bue*n]1 & ev5 to-day we may  

sometimes be ent]ta9$ by a belat$       
eighte5? c5tury naturali/ :o is fully   
p]suad$ t 8 d5ial ( human immortality is
 an inevitable coroll>y f ! doctr9e (   
evolution4 ,inde$ ! progress ( sci5tific
 discov]y has be5 s rapid s9ce ! "t (   
,did]ot1 its a*ievem5ts h be5 s va/1 its
 results s multif>i\s & s dazzl+1 t x   
has well-nigh absorb$ ! att5tion ( !    
=emo/ m9ds4 ,! dogmas ( !ology seem /ale
 & empty1 ! speculations ( metaphysics  
va9 & unpr(itable1 9 comp>ison ) !      
fasc9at+ m>vels ( *emi/ry & a/ronomy1 ( 
palontology & spectrum analysis2 & x is 
natural t we %\ld rejoice ov] ! me?ods (
 rese>* t are enabl+ u ?us to wre/ f    
,nature a few ( h] long gu>d$ secrets1 &
 to make up our m9ds to h no?+ to d )   
conclusions t are n obta9$ or at lea/   
v]ifi$ by su* sci5tific me?ods4 ,daily  
we he> s\nd$ ! praises ( obs]vation1 (  
exp]im5t1 ( comp>ison2 we are w>n$ aga9/
 long d$uctions1 s9ce ! /r5g? ( any *a9 
( argum5ts is measur$ by t ( its weake/ 
l9k1 & exp]i5ce is p]petually tea*+ u1  

to our vexation & *agr91 t :at reason   
says mu/ be s is n s1 t facts w n fit   
hypo!sis4 ,! m ?+s we try to expla91 !  
bett] we realize t we live 9 a _w (     
unexpla9$ residua4 ,away1 !n1 ) all     
s-call$ tru?s t _c be te/$ by weights & 
measures1 or o!r direct appeals to !    
s5ses6 ,y\r mod]n philosoph] w h no?+ ( 
!m4 ,8 sy/em is compos$1 f />t to f9i%1 
( sci5tific !orems4 ,z = ! high]        
speculations1 ! deep] g5]alizations1 9  
:i* philosophy has be5 wont to indulge  
conc]n+ ! aim & mean+ ( exi/5ce1 he     
waves !m away z pr(itless or ev5        
mis*iev\s4 ,! _w is full ( que/ions z   
press+ z !y are baffl+4 ,z ,i once he>d 
,h]b]t ,sp5c] say1 ,y _c take up any    
problem 9 physics )\t be+ quickly l$ to 
"s metaphysical problem :i* y c nei!r   
solve nor evade4 ,x 0 9 ord] to secure  
philosophic peace ( m9d t ,augu/e ,comte
 und]took to build up :at he call$      
,positive ,philosophy1 9 :i* ! exi/5ce (
 all su* problems 0 to be complac5tly   
ignor$1--mu* z ! o/ri* seeks escape f a 

dilemma by bury+ its head 9 ! s&4 ,9 a  
f> m rev]5t & ju/ifiable _s ! agno/ic l 
,huxley or ,sp5c] ackn[l$ges !          
limitations ( ! human m9d & builds z f> 
z he may1 leav+ ! re/ to ,god4  ,9 !    
f]v\r ( ?is mod]n reliance ^u sci5tific 
me?ods1 we are w>n$ ) especial emphasis 
aga9/ all hum\rs & pr$ilections :i* we  
may be 9 dang] ( *]i%+ z human be+s4 ,9 
a new s5se ( ! words we are rem9d$ t !  
he>t ( man is deceitful & desp]ately    
wick$1 & if any belief is especially    
pleasant or consol+ to u1 =?) does      
,sci5ce lay ^u u h] au/]e comm& to      
mortify ! fle% & treat ! belief 9 "q )  
exceptional disfav\r & suspicion4 ,?us  
!re has gr[n up a k9d ( ,puritanism 9 ! 
sci5tific temp] :i*1 :ile ann\nc+ its   
unalt]able purpose to foll[ ,tru? ?\gh  
%e lead u to ,hades1 takes a k9d ( grim 
satisfaction 9 emphasiz+ ! place (      
de/9ation4  ,n[ !re c be no sort ( d\bt 
t ?is rigid & vigor\s sci5tific temp] is
 9 ! ma9 em95tly :olesome & comm5dable4 
,9 ! int]e/s ( intellectual hone/y !re  

is no?+ :i* we ne$ m ?an to be put on   
our gu>d aga9/ all[+ our reason+        
processes to be w>p$ by our feel+s4     
,nev]!less 9 /e]+ cle> ( ,scylla x w\ld 
be a pity to tumble /raight into ! maw (
 ,*>ybdis1 & x behooves u to ask j h[ f>
 ! canons ( sci5tific me?od are compet5t
 to guide u 9 deal+ ) ultimate que/ions4
 ,sci5ce has giv5 u s _m surprises t our
 capacity = be+ %ock$ or a/\nd$ is      
well-nigh exhau/$1 & our old unreg5]ate 
human nature has be5 bulli$ & badg]$    
into some?+ l humility2 s t n[1 at ! end
 ( ! greate/ & mo/ bewild]+ ( c5turies1 
we may fitly pause = a mom5t & ask h[   
f>es x1 9 ^! exact+ days1 ) t ,unse5 ,_w
 :i* man br\ght ) him :5 he 0 fir/ mak+ 
8 appe>ance on our planet8 ,& :at has   
sci5ce to say ab\t t "t-hon\r$ belief t 
! human s\l survives ! dea? ( ! human   
body8  ,! position t sci5ce irrevocably 
condemns su* a belief seems at fir/     
sight a v /rong "o & has unque/ionably  
_h a good deal ( weight ) _m m9ds ( !   
pres5t g5]ation4 ,?r\gh\t ! animal k+dom

 we nev] see s5sation1 p]ception1       
in/9ct1 volition1 reason+1 or any ( !   
ph5om5a :i* we di/+ui% z m5tal1 manife/$
 except 9 connection ) n]ve-matt]       
arrang$ 9 sy/ems ( v>i\s degrees (      
complexity4 ,we c trace sundry relations
 ( g5]al correspond5ce betwe5 ! increas+
 manife/ations ( intellig5ce & !        
increas+ complications ( ! n]v\s sy/em4 
,injuries to ! n]v\s /ructure entail    
failures ( function1 ei!r 9 ! m5tal     
op]ations !mselves or 9 ! control :i* !y
 ex]cise ov] ! actions ( ! body2 !re is 
ei!r psy*ical ab]ration1 or loss (      
consci\sness1 or muscul> p>alysis4 ,at !
 mom5t ( dea?1 z soon z ! curr5t (      
art]ial blood ceases to fl[ ?r\gh !     
c]ebral vessels1 all signs (            
consci\sness cease = ! look]-on2 & aft] 
! n]v\s sy/em has be5 resolv$ into its  
elem5ts1 :at reason h we to suppose t   
consci\sness survives1 any m ?an t !    
wetness ( wat] %\ld survive its         
sep>ation into oxyg5 & hydrog58  ,s f> z
 our t]re/rial exp]i5ce goes !re c be b 

"o answ] to su* a "q4 ,we h no m w>rant 
9 exp]i5ce = suppos+ consci\sness to    
exi/ )\t a n]v\s sy/em ?an we h =       
suppos+ ! prop]ties ( wat] to exi/ 9 a  
_w de/itute ( hydrog5 & oxyg54 ,our p[] 
( fram+ conceptions is n>r[ly limit$ by 
exp]i5ce1 & :5 we try to figure to      
ourselves ! conditions ( a future life  
we are ei!r hopelessly baffl$ at ! />t  
or else we fall back ^u grossly         
mat]iali/ic imag]y4 ,! savage's gho/-_w 
is a m]e repetition ( ! fights & hunts )
 :i* he is famili>4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians   
look$ =w>d to a spe$y resurrection f    
,%eol1 foll[$ by an endless bodily      
exi/5ce ^u a r5ovat$ e>?4 ,dante's      
pictures ( ! ,unse5 ,_w are (t5 s       
int5sely mat]iali/ic z to seem grotesque
 9 our m truly spiritual age4 ,popul>   
conceptions ( heav5 to-day ab\nd 9      
symbolism t is confess$ly a m]e         
reflection f ! _w ( matt]2 insomu* t    
p]sons ( suffici5t culture to realize ! 
inadequacy ( ^! popul> images are wont  
to avoid ! difficulty by refra9+ f putt+

 _! hopes & beliefs into any def9ite or 
describable =m4 ,among su* m9ds !re is a
 tacit agreem5t t ! unse5 _w mu/ be     
purely spiritual 9 con/itution1 yet no  
m5tal image ( su* a _w c be =m$4 ,we are
 all agre$ t life beyond ! grave w\ld be
 a delusion & a cruel mock]y )\t !      
cont9uance ( ! t5d] h\sehold affections 
:i* alone make ! pres5t life wor? liv+2 
b to imag9e ! recognition ( s\l by s\l  
ap>t f ! mat]ial /ructure 9 :i* we h    
kn[n s\l to be manife/$1 ap>t f ! look (
 ! lov$ face1 ! tones ( ! lov$ voice1 or
 ! r5ew$ t\* ( ! long vani%$ h&1 is     
some?+ q beyond our p[]4 ,ev5 if y try  
to imag9e y\r own psy*ical activity z   
cont9u+ )\t ! aid ( ! physical ma*9]y ( 
s5sation1 y soon get into unmanageable  
difficulties4 ,! furniture ( y\r m9d    
consi/s 9 great "p ( s5su\s images1     
*iefly visual1 & y _c 9 ?\ght foll[     
y\rself into a _w t does n ann\nce      
itself to y ?r\gh s5se impressions4 ,f  
all ?is x pla9ly appe>s t our notion ( !
 survival ( consci\s activity ap>t f    

mat]ial conditions is n only unsupport$ 
by any evid5ce t c be ga!r$ f ! _w ( :i*
 we h exp]i5ce b is utt]ly & hopelessly 
inconceivable4  ,! argum5t "h summ>iz$  
is 9 no way pr(\nd or ab/ruse2 x is     
extremely obvi\s1 & z its propositions  
_c well be controv]t$1 x has _h great   
weight ) _m p4 ,i d>e say x may be held 
responsible = ! l>g] "p ( contempor>y   
skepticism z to ! future life4 ,p h gr[n
 accu/om$ to dem&+ sci5tific support =  
doctr9es1 :]eas ?is doctr9e is n only   
de/itute ( sci5tific support b l&s u 9  
inconceivabilities2 is x n1 !n1 unt5able
 & absurd8 ,su* is ! common argum5t4    
,!re are ^? :o seek to meet x )         
inductive evid5ce ( ! pres5ce (         
disembodi$ spirits or gho/s :i* hold    
direct communication only ) c]ta9       
specially end[$ p]sons kn[n z m$iums4   
,conc]n+ su* inductive evid5ce x may be 
said t v little has z yet be5 br\ght    
=w>d :i* is likely to make mu*          
impression ^u m9ds tra9$ 9 inve/igation4
 ,if its value z evid5ce 7 to be conc$$1

 x w\ld seem to po9t to ! conclusion t !
 grade ( intellig5ce :i* survives !     
grave is ab\t on a p> ) t :i* 9 ! pres5t
 life we are accu/om$ to %ut up 9       
asylums = idiots4 ,on ! :ole ! m$iumi/ic
 ideas & me?ods are frankly mat]iali/ic1
 _! alleg$ communications ) ! o!r _w are
 ?r\gh sights & s\nds1 & if _!          
pret5sions c\ld be su/a9$ ! result w\ld 
be simply ! rehabilitation ( ! primitive
 gho/-_w4 ,_! !ory ( ?+s moves on s l[ a
 plane z h>dly to m]it notice 9 a s]i\s 
philosophic discussion4  ,to return to !
 argum5t t ! doctr9e ( ! survival (     
consci\s activity ap>t f mat]ial        
conditions is unsupport$ by exp]i5ce &  
is inconceivable1 we may obs]ve t x is  
inconceivable j because x is entirely   
)\t f\ndation 9 exp]i5ce4 ,our p[]s (   
conception are n>r[ly det]m9$ by !      
limits ( our exp]i5ce1 & :5 t exp]i5ce  
has nev] furni%$ u ) ! mat]ials = fram+ 
a conception we simply _c frame x4 ,h5ce
 we _c conceive ( ! consci\s s\l z      
entirely dissociat$ f any mat]ial       

vehicle4  ,n[ we are prep>$ to ask1 ,h[ 
mu* does ?is fam\s argum5t am\nt to1 z  
aga9/ ! belief t ! s\l survives ! body8 
,! answ] is1 ,no?+6 absolutely no?+4 ,x 
n only fails to disprove ! validity ( ! 
belief1 b x does n raise ev5 ! slighte/ 
prima facie presumption aga9/ x4 ,?is w 
at once become app>5t if we rememb] t   
human exp]i5ce is v f> inde$ f be+      
inf9ite1 & t !re are 9 all probability  
imm5se regions ( exi/5ce 9 e way z real 
z ! region :i* we "k1 yet conc]n+ :i* we
 _c =m ! fa9te/ rudim5t ( a conception4 
,)9 ! pa/ c5tury ! /udy ( light & o!r   
radiant =ces has furni%$ u ) a sugge/ive
 object-lesson4 ,! lum9if]\s e!r comb9es
 prop]ties :i* are inconceivable 9      
connection4 ,h[ curi\s to ?9k t we live 
& move 9 an ocean ( e!r 9 :i* ! p>ticles
 ( all mat]ial ?+s are float+ l isl&s6  
,b h[ amaz+ to le>n t ?is ocean ( e!r is
 also an adamant9e firmam5t6 ,is n ?is  
%e] nons5se8 an ocean firmam5t (        
e!r-adamant6 ,yet su* seems to be !     
fact1 & our philosophy mu/ make ! be/ ( 

x4 ,n[ suppose t all ?is _w 7 cr[d$ )   
disembodi$ s\ls1 an inf9ite ?rong mo/   
aptly call$ ! majority1 a ?\s& or m on e
 spot 9 space z broad z ! po9t ( a      
cambric ne$le1 9 :at way c\ld we become 
aw>e ( _! exi/5ce8 ,cle>ly 9 no way1    
s9ce we h no organ or faculty = !       
p]ception ( s\l ap>t f ! mat]ial        
/ructure & activities 9 :i* x has be5   
manife/$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole c\rse ( our     
exp]i5ce4 ,!re we w suppose are !       
c\ntless millions1 ! exi/5ce ( any "o ( 
:om1 c\ld we detect x1 w\ld suffice to  
demon/rate ! doctr9e ( a future life1 & 
yet1 = lack ( ! requisite means (       
communication1 all ?is evid5ce is       
inaccessible4 ,su* an illu/ration %[s t 
! entire abs5ce ( te/imony does n ev5   
raise a negative presumption except 9   
cases :]e te/imony is accessible4 ,!    
reason is obvi\s4 ,until we c g :]ev] ! 
te/imony may be1 we are n entitl$ to    
affirm t !re is an abs5ce ( te/imony4 ,s
 long z our k is re/rict$ by !          
conditions ( ?is t]re/rial life1 we are 

n 9 a position to make negative         
ass]tions z to regions ( exi/5ce outside
 ( ^! conditions4 ,we may feel q free1  
!re=e1 to give due weight to any        
consid]ations :i* make x probable t     
consci\sness survives ! wreck ( !       
mat]ial body4  ,we are n[ 9 a position  
to see ! fallacy ( ,moles*ott's         
(t5-quot$ aphorism1 ,no ?\ght )\t       
phosphorus6 ,:5 ?is say+ 0 a new "o1 !re
 7 wor?y p :o felt t someh[ x 0 all ov] 
) man's immortal s\l4 ,) phosphorus y   
light y\r c&le1 & ) phosphorus y discov]
 ,neptune & write ! ,fif? ,symphony2 h[ 
*>m+ly simple & conv9c+6 ,& yet 0 any?+ 
save a bit ( rhetoric really ga9$ by    
s+l+ out phosphorus among ! *emical     
con/itu5ts ( bra9 tissue r ?an nitrog5  
or c>bon8 ,suppose ! dictum _h be51 ,no 
?\ght )\t a bra94 ,! obvi\s answ] w\ld h
 be51 ,if y ref] to ! pres5t life1 mo/  
erudite pr(essor1 y\r rem>k is true1 b  
h>dly novel or />tl+2 if y ref] to any  
condition ( ?+s subsequ5t to dea?1 pray 
:]e did y obta9 y\r k8  ,nev]!less ?is  

po9t _c be dispos$ ( simply by exhibit+ 
! flaw 9 ,moles*ott's rhetoric4 ,8 rem>k
 re/s ^u ! assumption t consci\s m5tal  
ph5om5a are products ( ! organic tissues
 ) :i* !y are associat$4 ,?is is ( c\rse
 ! c5tral /ronghold ( mat]ialism4 ,a    
c5tury ago ! case 0 v boldly put :5 we 7
 ask$ to believe t ! bra9 secretes ?\ght
 z ! liv] secretes bile4 ,nobody to-day 
w\ld ?9k ( mak+ su* a comp>ison1 b x is 
m cauti\sly /at$ t consci\sness is a    
function ( ! bra91 or at all ev5ts ( !  
n]v\s sy/em1 ev5 z bile-mak+ is a       
function ( ! liv]4 ,be=e we yield any   
modicum ( ass5t to ?is /atem5t we may   
obs]ve t function is a ^w ) a wide range
 ( mean+1 & we mu/ insi/ ^u "s clos]    
def9ition4 ,"h mat]ialism calls to its  
aid ! discov]y ( ! correlation &        
equival5ce ( =ces1 "o ( ! mo/ /up5d\s   
a*ievem5ts ( our c5tury4 ,we n[ "k t    
heat & light & electricity & act9ism are
 n =ces g5]ically di/9ct & isolat$ ea* f
 ! o!rs4 ,all are specific modes (      
molecul> motion1 trans=mable "o into    

ano!r at any mom5t z naturally z a cl\d 
cond5ses into ra9drops4 ,any su*        
molecul> motion1 moreov]1 may come f !  
arre/$ visible motion ( a mass1 & may 9 
turn be lib]at$ s z to resume ! =m (    
visible motion1 z :5 an electric curr5t 
is trans=m$ into ! onw>d movem5t ( !    
trolley c>4 ,! *ange 9 our conception ( 
,nature t has be5 wr\ght by ?is wond]ful
 discov]y is m pr(\nd ?an all *anges t  
w5t be=e4 ,! balance 9 ! h&s ( ! *emi/  
_h already prov$ t no matt] is ev] lo/ b
 only trans=m$1 & t e mat]ial =m at any 
mom5t visible owes its exi/5ce to !     
metamorphosis ( "s previ\s =m4 ,s n[ x 0
 fur!r %[n t ! myriad prop]ties or      
qualities ( matt] are simply !          
expression ( myriads ( activities :i*   
are all 9 a f9al analysis motions2 t no 
motion is ev] lo/ b only trans=m$1 & t e
 k9d ( motion at any mom5t              
p]ceptible--:e!r 9 ! =m ( movem5t ?r\gh 
space1 or ( light1 or heat1 or          
electricity1 or ! act9ism t builds up ! 
gre5 /uff 9 ! leaves ( plants--owes its 

exi/5ce to ! metamorphosis ( "s previ\s 
k9d ( motion4 ,e liv+ organism is a     
m>vell\s aggregate ( div]s =ms ( matt]  
p]=m+ div]s *>act]i/ic motions1 & ! sum 
total ( ^! motions is ! :ole ( life1 z  
reg>d$ purely on its physical side4 ,:5 
we take food we br+ into ! sy/em sundry 
nitrog5\s & hydroc>bon comp\nds1 ea* (  
:i* is alive ) little en]gies or lat5t  
capacities = c]ta9 k9ds ( motion4 ,!    
oxyg5 ( ! air1 especially 9 its un/able 
=m ( ozone1 is a p[]ful incit] ( *emical
 motions1 & :5 we brea! x 91 ! little   
lat5t capacities pres5tly become actual 
motions4 ,"s ( !m are realiz$ 9 !       
rhy?mical movem5ts ( he>t & lungs1 "s 9 
! undulations t su/a9 ! animal          
temp]ature1 "s 9 ! =mation ( ! t9y drops
 t collect 9 a secret+ gl&1 "s 9 !      
repair ( tissue by ! sub/itution ( new  
complex molecules = old ones t are brok5
 d[n1 "s 9 ! contraction ( a gr\p (     
muscles1 "s 9 ! *anges )9 ! sub/ance (  
n]ve t accompany consci\s ?\ght1        
s5sation1 & volition4 ,ah1 yes1 "h we   

come to x at la/6 ,we d n d\bt t all ^! 
myriad motions are memb]s 9 a s]ies (   
trans=mations1 :]e9 ! appe>ance ( ea*   
results f ! disappe>ance ( its          
pr$ecessors4 ,we h nei!r ! in/rum5ts nor
 ! calculus to prove ?is 9 ! inf9ite    
multitude ( details1 b ! g5]al !ory has 
be5 s completely e/abli%$ :]ev] x is    
accessible to in/rum5ts & calculus t we 
c h no hesitation 9 grant+ its          
univ]sality :]ev] matt] & motion are    
conc]n$ 9 any %ape or am\nt4 ,no        
sci5tific man w = a mom5t d\bt t !      
little vibratory dis*>ge betwe5 c]ebral 
ganglia :i* accompanies a ?\ght is "o   
memb] 9 a s]ies ( molecul> motions t    
might be measur$ & express$ 9 t]ms (    
quantity if we only possess$ an app>atus
 suffici5tly delicate & subtle4  ,n[ if 
su* is ! case ) ! little physical motion
 )9 ! bra91 h[ is x ) ! accompany+      
?\ght8 ,does ! correlation obta9 betwe5 
physical motions & consci\s feel+s8 ,are
 /ates ( consci\sness l9ks 9 ! ,protean 
s]ies ( motions1 9 su* wise t !         

vibration )9 ! bra9 produces ! ?\ght or 
feel+8 ,9 o!r words is ! ?\ght or feel+ 
m]ely a trans=m$ vibration8 ,does a     
c]ta9 am\nt ( vibration p]i% to be      
replac$ by an exact equival5t 9 ! %ape (
 ?\ght8 & !n does ! ?\ght p]i% 9 ! act (
 giv+ place to o!r vibrations :i* end 9 
a visible motion ( muscles8 z :51 =     
example1 y he> ! s\nd ( a bell & />t    
t[>d ! door4  ,on ?is po9t !re has be5  
mu* confusion ( ideas4 ,:5 ,i put ! "q  
to ,tyndall 9 conv]sation1 ne>ly ?irty  
ye>s ago1 he seem$ to ?9k t !re mu/ be  
"s su* complet5ess ( correlation betwe5 
! physical & ! psy*ical2 b 8 m9d 0 n at 
ease on ! subject4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 9 8   
,fir/ ,pr9ciples1 r cauti\sly took !    
same direction & tri$ to %[ h[ a c]ta9  
am\nt ( motion might be trans=mable into
 a c]ta9 am\nt ( feel+4 ,he obs]v$ t !  
consci\sness ( ef=t or muscul> /ra9 9   
lift+ a heavy weight is m int5se ?an 9  
lift+ a light weight1 & t :5 a l\d s\nd 
sets up atmosph]ic vibrations ( great   
amplitude ! %ock to our auditory        

consci\sness is correspond+ly great] ?an
 9 ! case ( a g5tle s\nd :i* sets up    
vibrations ( small amplitude4 ,b :5 he  
comes to ! inn] regions ( ?\ght &       
emotion :i* are n rea*$ by p]cussion &  
/ra91 he is less successful 9 f9d+      
illu/rations4 ,x is especially wor?y (  
note t 9 ! f9al edition ( ,fir/         
,pr9ciples1 publi%$ 9 ?is ye> #aijj & 9 
,sp5c]'s eighty-fir/1 he goes v f> t[>d 
)draw+ f 8 orig9al position1 :ile 9 8   
,preface he calls att5tion to ?is *ange 
z "o ( ! mo/ important 9 ! book4 ,9 my  
,cosmic ,philosophy1 publi%$ 9 #ahgd1 ,i
 ma9ta9$ t to prove ! trans=mation (    
motion into feel+ or ( feel+ into motion
 is 9 ! v nature ( ?+s impossible4 ,9   
ord] to be conv9c$ ( ?is1 let u g back a
 few ye>s & ask h[ ! great doctr9e ( !  
correlation ( =ces became e/abli%$4 ,its
 fir/ absolute v]ification occurr$ ab\t 
#ahdf1 :5 ,dr4 ,j\le %[$ t ! fall ( #ggb
 lbs4 ?r\gh "o foot w raise ! temp]ature
 ( a p\nd ( wat] "o degree (            
,fahr5heit4#b ,:5 ?is 0 prov$ x gave u !

 me*anical equival5t ( heat1 & ! !ory   
acquir$ a truly sci5tific "*4 ,simil>   
quantitative correlations 7 e/abli%$ 9 !
 case ( heat & *emical action by ,dulong
 & ,petit1 & 9 ! case ( *emical action &
 electricity by ,f>aday4 ,! tru? ( !    
!ory is :olly a "q ( quantitative       
measurem5t4 ,n[ y c measure heat1 y c   
measure electricity1 & s9ce ! action (  
n]ves 9 all probability consi/s (       
undulatory motions x is to "s ext5t     
measurable1 & d\btless w\ld be          
completely measurable _h we ! means4 ,b 
:5 y come to ?\ghts & emotions1 ,i beg  
to "k h[ y are go+ to "w to give an     
acc\nt ( !m 9 foot-p\nds6 ,x is n simply
 t we h no means at h&1 no calculus     
equal to ! occasion2 ! ?+ is absurd on  
its face4 ,x is z true to-day z x 0 9 ! 
"t ( ,desc>tes t ?\ght is devoid (      
ext5sion & _c be submitt$ to me*anical  
measurem5t4  #b ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 ,fir/    
,pr9ciples 7f9al ed471 p4 #ahe4  ,x     
appe>s to me1 !re=e1 t :at we %\ld      
really f9d1 if we c\ld trace 9 detail ! 

metamorphosis ( motions )9 ! body1 f !  
s5se-organs to ! bra91 & !nce outw>d to 
! muscul> sy/em1 w\ld be some:at z      
foll[s3 ! inw>d motion1 c>ry+ ! message 
into ! bra91 w\ld p]i% 9 giv+ place to !
 vibration :i* accompanies ! consci\s   
/ate2 & ?is vibration 9 turn w\ld p]i% 9
 giv+ place to ! outw>d motion1 c>ry+ ! 
m&ate out to ! muscles4 ,if we _h !     
means ( measurem5t we c\ld prove !      
equival5ce f /ep to /ep4 ,b :]e w\ld !  
consci\s /ate1 ! ?\ght or feel+1 come   
into ?is circuit8 ,:y1 n[h]e4 ,!        
physical circuit ( motions is complete 9
 itself2 ! /ate ( consci\sness is       
accessible only to its possessor4 ,to   
him x is ! subjective equival5t ( !     
vibration )9 ! bra91 :]e( x is nei!r !  
cause nor ! effect1 nei!r ! produc] nor 
! (fspr+1 b simply ! concomitant4 ,9 o!r
 words ! natural hi/ory ( ! mass (      
activities t are p]petually be+         
conc5trat$ )9 our bodies1 to be pres5tly
 once m dis9tegrat$ & diffus$1 %[s u a  
clos$ circle :i* is entirely physical1 &

 9 :i* "o segm5t belongs to ! n]v\s     
sy/em4 ,z = our consci\s life1 t =ms no 
"p ( ! clos$ circle b /&s entirely      
outside ( x1 conc5tric ) ! segm5t :i*   
belongs to ! n]v\s sy/em4  ,^!          
conclusions are n at all 9 h>mony ) !   
mat]iali/ic view ( ! case4 ,if          
consci\sness is a product ( molecul>    
motion1 x is a natural inf]5ce t x mu/  
lapse :5 ! motion ceases4 ,b if         
consci\sness is a k9d ( exi/5ce :i* )9  
our exp]i5ce accompanies a c]ta9 phase (
 molecul> motion1 !n ! case is entirely 
alt]$1 & ! possibility or probability ( 
! cont9uance ( ! "o )\t ! o!r becomes a 
subject = fur!r inquiry4 ,mat]iali/s    
sometimes decl>e t ! relation ( consci\s
 intellig5ce to ! bra9 is l t ( music to
 ! h>p1 & :5 ! h>p is brok5 !re c be no 
m music4 ,an opposite view1 long famili>
 to u1 is t ! consci\s s\l is an        
emanation f ! ,div9e ,intellig5ce t     
%apes & su/a9s ! _w1 & dur+ its tempor>y
 imprisonm5t 9 mat]ial =ms ! bra9 is its
 in/rum5t ( expression4 ,?us ! s\l is n 

! music1 b ! h>p]2 & obvi\sly ?is view  
is 9 h>mony ) ! conclusions :i* ,i h    
d$uc$ f ! correlation ( =ces4  ,^u ^!   
conclusions we _c directly base an      
argum5t su/a9+ man's immortality1 b we  
c]ta9ly remove ! only s]i\s objection t 
has ev] be5 alleg$ aga9/ x4 ,we leave ! 
field cle> = ^? g5]al consid]ations (   
philosophic analogy & moral probability 
:i* are all ! guides ^u :i* we c call = 
help 9 ?is ardu\s inquiry4 ,b x may be  
sugge/$ at ?is po9t t p]haps our argum5t
 has acquir$ a wid] scope ?an 0 at fir/ 
contemplat$4 ,consci\sness is n peculi> 
to man1 b is possess$ 9 "s degree by !  
great] portion ( ! animal k+dom4 ,among 
! high] birds & mammals ! am\nt (       
consci\s life is v consid]able1 & "h too
 x mu/ be argu$ t consci\sness is n a   
product ( molecul> motion 9 ! n]v\s     
sy/em b its concomitant4 ,! same argum5t
 :i* removes ! objection to immortality 
= man removes x also = an indef9ite     
numb] ( animal species4 ,:at1 !n1 is to 
be said ( ! reasonabl5ess ( suppos+ a   

future life = sundry l[] animals8 & if  
we 7 to rea* a negative conclusion 9 _! 
case1 :ile rea*+ a positive conclusion 9
 ! case ( man1 on :at pr9ciple are we to
 draw ! l9e8 ,sometimes we he> ?is "q   
prop\nd$ z a difficulty 9 ! ,d>w9ian    
!ory ( man's orig94 ,h[ c\ld immortal   
man h be5 produc$ ?r\gh h]$ity f an     
ephem]al brute8  ,! difficulty is "o ( !
 sort :i* we are apt to enc\nt] :5 we   
try to designate absolute beg9n+s & to  
m>k (f h>d & fa/ l9es1 = 9 ,nature !re  
are no su* ?+s4 ,voltaire ask$ ! same   
k9d ( "q m ?an a hundr$ ye>s be=e       
,d>w9ism _h be5 he>d (4 ,:5 does !      
immortal s\l ( ! human individual come  
into exi/5ce8 ,is x at ! mom5t (        
conception1 or :5 ! new-born babe beg9s 
to brea!1 or at "s mom5t betwe51 or ev5 
p]haps at "s era ( e>ly *ildhood :5     
moral responsibility c be said to h     
begun8 ,"s ( ! answ]s to ^! que/ions    
w\ld trans=m an ephem]al creature into  
an immortal "o 9 ! same p]son4 ,! mo/   
prop] answ] is a frank confession (     

ignorance4 ,:e!r x be 9 ! individual or 
9 ! race1 we _c tell j :]e ! s\l comes  
94 ,a due he$ to ,nature's analogies1   
h[ev]1 is helpful 9 ?is connection4 ,!  
maxim t ,nature makes no leaps is f> f  
true4 ,nature's habit is to make        
prodigi\s leaps1 b only aft] long       
prep>ation4 ,sl[ly rises ! wat] 9 !     
tank1 in* by in* ?r\gh _m a we>y h\r1   
until at l5g? x ov]-fl[s & /raightway   
va/ sy/ems ( ma*9]y are awak5$ into     
rumbl+ life4 ,sl[ly gr[s ! ecc5tricity (
 ! ellipse z y %ift its position 9 !    
cone1 & /ill ! nature ( ! curve is n    
ess5tially v>i$1 :5 sudd5ly1 pre/o6 "o m
 little %ift1 & ! f9ite ellipse becomes 
an inf9ite hyp]bola mock+ our feeble    
p[]s ( conception z x spe$s away on its 
ev]la/+ c>e]4 ,p]haps 9 our ignorance   
su* analogies may help u to realize !   
possibility t /eadily develop+ ephem]al 
consci\s life may rea* a critical po9t  
:]e x sudd5ly puts on immortality4  ,if 
?is sugge/ion is a s\nd "o1 we mu/      
probably reg>d ! consci\s life ( animals

 z only ! ephem]al adumbration ( t :i*  
comes to maturity 9 man4 ,!             
consid]ations adduc$ ?is ev5+ mu/       
conv9ce u t we are at p]fect lib]ty to  
treat ! "q ( man's immortality 9 !      
dis9t]e/$ _s ( ! naturali/4 ,9 ! c\rse (
 evolution !re is no m philosophical    
difficulty 9 man's acquir+ immortal life
 ?an 9 8 acquir+ ! erect po/ure &       
articulate spee*4 ,9 my little book ,!  
,de/9y ( ,man ,i insi/$ ^u ! dramatic   
t5d5cy or div9e purpose indicat$ 9 !    
long cosmic process :i* has manife/ly f 
! outset aim$ at ! production &         
p]fection ( ! high] spiritual attributes
 ( humanity4 ,9 ano!r little book1      
,?r\gh ,nature to ,god1 ,i call$        
att5tion to ! fact t belief 9 an ,unse5 
,_w1 especially associat$ ) ! moral     
significance ( life1 0 coeval ) ! g5esis
 ( ,man1 & _h play$ a pr$om9at+ "p 9 8  
developm5t ev] s9ce1 & ,i argu$ t "u su*
 circum/ances ! belief mu/ be bas$ ^u an
 et]nal reality1 s9ce a contr>y         
supposition is negativ$ by all t we "k (

 ! habits & me?ods ( ! cosmic process ( 
,evolution4 ,no "t is left "h to repeat 
^! argum5ts1 b ,i hope en\gh has be5    
said to indicate ! probability t !      
pati5t /udy ( evolution is likely soon  
to supply ! basis = a ,natural ,!ology m
 compreh5sive1 m pr(\nd1 & m hopeful ?an
 c\ld =m]ly h be5 imag9$4 ,! ,n9ete5?   
,c5tury has borne ! brunt1 ! ,tw5tie? w 
reap ! fruition4     ,,writ+s ,,( ,,john
 ,,fiske  ,illu/ration   ,hi/orical     
,,! ,,discov]y ,,( ,,am]ica      ,) "s  
,acc\nt ( ,anci5t ,am]ica & ! ,spani%   
,conque/4 ,)     a ,/eel ,portrait (    
,mr4 ,fiske1 _m maps1 facsimiles1 etc4  
#b vols4     cr[n #hvo1 gilt top1 #c4fj4
  ,! book br+s toge!r a great deal (    
in=mation hi!rto accessible only 9      
special treatises1 & elucidates ) c>e & 
judgm5t "s ( ! mo/ p]plex+ problems 9 ! 
hi/ory ( discov]y4--,! ,speak]          
7,london74   ,,old ,,virg9ia ,,& ,,h]   
,,neighb\rs      #b vols4 cr[n #hvo1    
gilt top1 #c4fj4 ,illu/rat$ ,edition1 #b
 vols4     #hvo1 #h4jj4  ,hi/ory has    

r>ely be5 inve/$ ) su* int]e/ & *>m z 9 
^! volumes4--,! ,outlook 7,new ,york74  
,,! ,,beg9n+s ,,( ,,new ,,engl&         
,or1 ! ,puritan ,!ocracy 9 its          
,relations to ,civil & ,religi\s        
,lib]ty4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #a4hj4 ,illu/rat$  
,edition4 ,conta9+     ,portraits1      
,maps1 ,facsimiles1 ,contempor>y ,views1
 ,pr9ts1 & o!r     ,hi/oric ,mat]ials4  
#hvo1 gilt top1 #d4jj4  ,hav+ 9 ! fir/  
*apt]s /rik+ly & conv9c+ly %[n t ,new   
,engl&'s hi/ory 0 ! bir? ( c5turies (   
travail1 & hav+ prep>$ 8 read]s to      
e/imate at _! true importance ! ev5ts ( 
our e>ly colonial life1 ,mr4 ,fiske is  
ready to take up 8 task z ! hi/orian ( !
 ,new ,engl& ( ! ,puritans4--,adv]tis]  
7,bo/on74   ,,! ,,dut* ,,& ,,quak]      
,,colonies ,,9 ,,am]ica      ,) #h      
,maps4 #b vols4 cr[n #hvo1 gilt top1    
#c4fj4 ,illu/rat$     ,edition1 #b vols4
 #hvo1 #h4jj4  ,! "w is a lucid summ>y (
 ! ev5ts ( a *angeful & important "t1   
c>efully exam9$ by a consci5ti\s s*ol>1 
:o is ma/] ( 8 subject4--,daily ,news   

7,london74   ,all prices are net4       
,,new ,,france ,,& ,,new ,,engl&      ,)
 ,maps4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #a4hj4  ,illu/rat$  
,edition4 ,conta9+ ab\t #bjj            
,illu/rations4 #hvo1 gilt top1 #d4jj4   
,?is volume pres5ts 9 broad &           
philosophic mann] ! causes & ev5ts :i*  
m>k$ ! victory on ?is cont95t ( !       
,engli% civilization ov] ! ,fr5*4   ,,! 
,,am]ican ,,revolution      ,) ,plans ( 
,battles1 & a ,/eel ,portrait (         
,wa%+ton4 #b vols4     cr[n #hvo1 gilt  
top1 #c4fj4 ,illu/rat$ ,edition4        
,conta9+ ab\t     #cjj ,illu/rations4 #b
 vols4 #hvo1 gilt top1 #h4jj4  ,b5ea? 8 
sympa!tic & illum9at+ t\* ! famili> /ory
 comes out 9 fre% & vivid colors4--,new 
,orleans ,times-,democrat4   ,,!        
,,critical ,,p]iod ,,( ,,am]ican        
,,hi/ory1 #aghc-aghi      ,) ,map1      
,notes1 etc4 ,cr[n #hvo1 gilt top1      
#a4hj4 ,illu/rat$     ,edition4 ,conta9+
 ab\t #agj ,illu/rations4 #hvo1 gilt    
top1 #d4jj4  ,! =ego+ hi/orical works   
also 9 ! ,riv]side ,pocket ,edition1 9  

#ab vols4 ,ea* ) a frontispiece4 ,n>r[  
#afmo1 limp lea!r1 #b4jj ea*4 ,! set1   
#bd4jj4   ,,! ,,w> ,,( ,,indep5d5ce     
,9 ,riv]side ,libr>y = ,"y ,p4 ,) ,maps4
 #afmo1 #ge c5ts4   ,,! ,,mississippi   
,,valley ,,9 ,,! ,,civil ,,w>      ,)   
#bc ,maps & ,plans4 #a vol4 cr[n #hvo1  
#a4hj4   ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,unit$    
,,/ates ,,= ,,s*ools      ,) ,topical   
,analysis1 ,sugge/ive ,que/ions1 &      
,directions =     ,tea*]s1 by ,f4 ,a4   
,hill1 & ,illu/rations & ,maps4 ,cr[n   
#hvo1     #a4jj1 net4   ,,am]ican       
,,political ,,ideas      ,cr[n #hvo1    
#a4ej4   ,religi\s & ,philosophical     
,,! ,,de/9y ,,( ,,man      ,view$ 9 !   
,light ( ,8 ,orig94 #afmo1 gilt top1    
#a4jj4  ,( "o ?+ we may be sure3 t none 
are lead+ u m surely or rapidly to !    
full tru? ?an m5 l ! au?or ( ?is little 
book1 :o rev]5tly /udy ! works ( ,god = 
! lessons :i* ,he w\ld tea* 8           
*ildr54--,*ri/ian ,union 7,new ,york74  
,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,god      ,z ,affect$ by
 ,mod]n ,k4 #afmo1 gilt top1 #a4jj4  ,! 

vigor1 ! e>ne/ness1 ! hone/y1 & ! fre$om
 f cant & subtlety 9 8 writ+s are       
exce$+ly refre%+4 ,he is a s*ol>1 a     
critic1 & a ?9k] ( ! fir/               
ord]4--,*ri/ian ,regi/] 7,bo/on74       
,,?r\gh ,,nature ,,to ,,god      #afmo1 
gilt top1 #a4jj4      ,,cont5ts4--,!    
,my/]y ( ,evil2 ,! ,cosmic ,roots (     
,love &     ,self-,sacrifice2 ,!        
,ev]la/+ ,reality ( ,religion4  ,!      
little volume has a reasonabl5ess & a   
p]suasiv5ess t _c fail to comm5d its    
argum5ts to all4--,public ,l$g]         
7,philadelphia74   ,,life ,,ev]la/+     
#afmo1 gilt top1 #a4jj net4  ,?is brief 
"w is a contribution to ! evolution ( ! 
!ory ( evolution on l9es :i* are full ( 
! deepe/ sugge/iv5ess to ,*ri/ian       
?9k]s4--,! ,congregationali/4           
,,outl9es ,,( ,,cosmic ,,philosophy     
,bas$ on ! ,doctr9e ( ,evolution1 )     
,criticisms on ! ,positive              
,philosophy4 ,9 #d volumes1 #hvo1 #g4bj4
  ,y mu/ all[ me to ?ank y = ! v great  
int]e/ ) :i* ,i h at la/ sl[ly read !   

:ole ( y\r "w4444 ,i nev] 9 my life read
 s lucid an expositor 7& !re=e ?9k]7 z y
 are4--,,*>les ,,d>w94   ,,d>w9ism1 ,,& 
,,o!r ,,essays      ,cr[n #hvo1 gilt    
top1 #a4hj4   ,,my?s ,,& ,,my?-,,mak]s  
,old ,tales & ,sup]/itions int]pret$ by 
,comp>ative ,my?ology4     ,cr[n #hvo1  
gilt top1 #a4hj4   ,,! ,,unse5 ,,_w     
,& ,o!r ,essays4 ,cr[n #hvo1 gilt top1  
#a4hj4   ,,excursions ,,( ,,an          
,,evolutioni/      ,cr[n #hvo1 gilt top1
 #a4hj4   ,miscellane\s   ,a ,,c5tury   
,,( ,,sci5ce      ,& ,o!r ,essays4 ,cr[n
 #hvo1 #a4hj4  ,among our ?\ghtful      
essayi/s !re are none m brilliant ?an   
,mr4 ,john ,fiske4 ,8 pure /yle suits 8 
cle> ?\ght4--,! ,nation 7,new ,york74   
,,civil ,,gov]nm5t ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$      
,,/ates      ,consid]$ ) "s ,ref]5ce to 
its ,orig9s4 ,) ,que/ions on     ! ,text
 by ,frank ,a4 ,hill1 & ,bibliographical
 ,notes by ,mr4 ,fiske4     ,cr[n #hvo1 
#a4jj1 net4  ,x is mo/ admirable1 alike 
9 plan & execution1 & w d a va/ am\nt ( 
good 9 tea*+ our p ! pr9ciples & =ms (  

our civil in/itutions4--,,moses ,,coit  
,,tyl]1 ,pr(essor ( ,am]ican            
,con/itutional ,hi/ory & ,law1 ,cornell 
,univ]sity4   ,,h\ghton ,,miffl9        
,,company  ,,bo/on3 #d ,,p>k ,,/42 ,,new
 ,,york3 #af ,,ea/ #dj,,? ,,/4