,,univ]sity ,,( ,,cali=nia              
,,publications  ,,9  ,,classical        
,,philology  ,vol4 #e1 ,no4 #h1 pp4     
#ace-ada1 plates #a-aa ,octob] #ac1     
#aibj     ,,! ,,suppos$ ,,autographa ,,(
 ,,john ,,! ,,scot  ,,by  ,,edw>d       
,,k5n>d ,,r&  ,transcrib]'s ,note3  &   
ar\nd a numb] or lett] signifies a      
sup]script4   ,9 ! fif? "p ( ,ludwig    
,traube's ,palaeographis*e ,=s*ung51    
7:i* ,i _h ! honor ( publi%+ aft] t     
great s*ol>'s dea?7#a evid5ce 0 pres5t$ 
= ,traube's app>5tly c]ta9 discov]y ( ! 
v h&writ+ ( ,john ! ,scot4 ,9           
manuscripts ( ,reims1 ( ,laon1 & (      
,bamb]g1 he _h obs]v$ c]ta9 m>g9al notes
 :i* 7 nei!r omitt$ sections nor        
glosses1 b r ! au?or's own              
amplifications & embelli%m5ts ( 8 "w4   
,johannes _h made su* additions to 8 ,de
 ,divisione ,naturae 9 ! ,reims         
manuscript1 & !y all appe> 9 t (        
,bamb]g4 ,9 ! latt] manuscript !re are  
fre% additions--or enl>gem5ts z ,i %all 
call !m 9 ! pres5t pap]--:i* h simil>ly 

be5 absorb$ into ! text 9 two           
manuscripts n[ 9 ,p>is4 ,we ?us h1 9 an 
int]e/+ s]ies1 ! au?or's successive     
rec5sions ( 8 "w4 ,"o ( ! %ort] =ms is !
 basis ( ! text publi%$ by ,?omas ,gale 
9 #afha2 ! mo/ complete =m 0 edit$ by   
,h4 ,j4 ,floss 9 #aheb f ! ,p>is        
manuscripts4#b ,?\gh n v5tur+ to c>ry   
out ,traube's elaborate plans = treatm5t
 ( ! subject1 ,i attempt$ to corroborate
 8 belief t ! notes 7 9 ! h& (          
,johannes4 ,! evid5ce seem$ conclusive  
to me at ! "t1 & 0 n que/ion$1 s f> z ,i
 "k1 9 any subsequ5t publication4 ,9 !  
summ]s ( #aiab & #aiac1 h[ev]1 ,i exam9$
 ! manuscripts ( ,john ! ,scot 9 ,p>is1 
9 ,reims1 9 ,laon1 & 9 ,bamb]g1 & became
 conv9c$1 mo/ reluctantly1 t 8 autograph
 is yet to be f\nd4 ,i "h pres5t ! *a9 (
 facts t make ?is conclusion            
inevitable4#c  ,let u />t ) ! hypo!sis t
 ! m>g9al notes discov]$ by ,traube are 
9 ! h& ( ,johannes himself & let u      
support ?is hypo!sis until x becomes too
 heavy to be>4 ,our fir/ docum5t is !   

,reims ,manuscript #hge 7 ,r7 ( ! ,de   
,divisione ,naturae4 ,?is is ! "w ( "s  
six or sev5 writ]s1 ^: h&s are sometimes
 h>d to tell ap>t4 ,?\gh x is ! briefe/ 
& h5ce ! e>lie/ =m ( ! text t ,i h f\nd1
 x is n ! orig9al draft ( ! "w4 ,!      
scribes c\ld n h tak5 x f ! au?or's     
dictation1 = !y commit errors ( v>i\s   
sorts t presuppose ! exi/5ce ( a text t 
!y 7 copy+4#d ,?is text1 :i* is z ne> to
 ! orig9al z our pres5t in=mation p]mits
 u to come1 ,i w call ,o4  ,besides mak+
 corrections & additions 9 _! copy ( ,o1
 ! scribes also ins]t m>g9al notes t h  
all ! *>act]i/ics ( ! au?or's own       
amplifications ( 8 "w4 ,?is fact does n 
militate aga9/ our pres5t hypo!sis1 if  
we assume t ,johannes add$ ^! m>g9alia1 
or caus$ !m to be add$1 9 ,o1 & t !     
scribes ( ,r1 at fir/ =gett+ to include 
!m 9 ! text ( _! new copy1 lat] wrote !m
 9 ! m>g94#e ,9 "s cases1 z we might    
expect1 a diff]5t ink is us$4 ,! insul> 
h& 7 ,i71 :i* we are assum+ to be t (   
,johannes1 corrects m9or errors 9 ^!    

enl>gem5ts n[ & !n4#f ,?is fact is      
entirely 9 accord ) our hypo!sis4  ,a   
numb] ( enl>gem5ts omitt$ by ! writ]s ( 
! text 7 suppli$ n by !m b by special   
correctors1 :o 7 assign$1 x w\ld seem1  
consid]able portions ( ! manuscript to  
revise4 ,p>ticul>ly important among ^!  
wide-rang+ correctors are two h&s t ,i w
 call r#a & r#b4 ,! =m] is a l>gi% h& ) 
"s slight traces ( ,insul> habits4#g r#b
 is v simil>1 & inde$ may be m]ely a    
small] v>iety ( r#a4 ,9 ! specim5 t ,i h
 reproduc$1 z is true ( bo? r#a & r#b   
else:]e1 correction by ,i may be        
obs]v$4#h ,9 all1 ,i detect$1 or ?\ght  
,i detect$1 five or six correct+ h&s1   
:i* sometimes supplem5t /ret*es ( text  
writt5 by o!rs1 sometimes supplem5t _!  
own text1 &1 9 all ! cases "u           
discussion1 add notes ( ! au?or :i* 7   
evid5tly 9 ! m>g9 ( ,o4 ,x is sometimes 
h>d to be sure :e!r r is ! text-h& or n4
 ,! po9t is n vitally important4 ,! ma9 
fact is t sev]al diff]5t k9ds ( correct+
 h& make1 ei!r 9 _! own texts or 9 ^? ( 

o!rs1 ! k9d ( additions or enl>gem5ts ) 
:i* we are specially conc]n$4 ,h[ev]1 z 
we h se51 we c /ill reta9 our hypo!sis  
by suppos+ t ,i is ! h& ( ,johannes1    
:ile r repres5ts v>i\s correctors :o    
copi$ f ,o enl>gem5ts add$ !re by       
,johannes or at 8 direction4  ,b we h n[
 to note an intimate connection betwe5  
,i & r4 ,!y collaborate on ! same notes4
 ,plate ,v 7fol4 #bhev7 %[s u an        
enl>gem5t t beg9s 9 ! h& 7 r#c7 t writes
 ! text4 ,x ext5ds ?r\gh sub/antiam     
7#a4c71 !n is succe$$ by ,i 7ex 8--horum
 e/71 !n returns 7,ibi--sup]ans71 &     
f9ally gives way to ,i once m           
7dum--esse74 ,! int]e/+ possibility &   
enl>gem5ts tak5 f ,o4 ,possibly two or m
 /ages are repres5t$ by ,o1 r />t+ ) an 
e>li]1 & ,i supplem5t+ f a m complete   
=m--b into t t]ra incognita ( fre%      
hypo!sis we ne$ n ent]4 ,i's proc$ure1  
at any rate1 seems exactly l t ( r4 ,?us
 8 practice ( call+ 9 a v>iety ( r to   
complete a note too l>ge = ! space is   
p>allel$ by r#d1 ! writ] ( ! text on    

fol4 #bcav 7,plate ,,ii71 :o uses up a  
legitimate am\nt ( 8 m>g9 & !n has r#e  
f9i% x1 ) signs ( ref]5ces1 on ! foll[+ 
page4 ,! latt] scribe uses a f9] h&1 &  
has no difficulty 9 complet+ ! note ) a 
dec5t m>g9 to sp>e4#i  ,surely 9 !      
scribal play illu/rat$ 9 ,plate ,v1 ,i  
is act+ m l a fell[-work] ?an ! au?or ( 
! "w4 ,likewise on ano!r page1 we note  
corrections & m9or enl>gem5ts by !      
text-h&1 !n simil> *anges by ,i1 &1     
f9ally1 corrections ( ,i by !           
text-h&4#aj ,if ,johannes wi%$ to *ange 
cogitationes to op]ationes1 x is /range 
t he did n d x himself r ?an beckon to  
"s scribe to ins]t ! ^w2 ano!r          
correction1 nisi1 add$ above ! l9e1 is  
made 9 ! h& ( ,i4 ,9 %ort1 r & ,i are   
two diff]5t scribes collaborat+ on :at  
w\ld appe> to be a r difficult orig9al  
or set ( orig9als4  ,moreov]1 if ,i is  
,johannes1 he does n und]/& 8 own text4 
,9 ,de ,divisione ,naturae i4 #di       
7,migne ,p4,l4 cxxii1 #dia ,a7 we read3 
,omnium hom9um una eademque ,greek3     

ousia e/4 ,omnes enim      unam         
p>ticipant ess5tiam1 ac p] hoc1 quia    
omnibus      communis e/1 nullius       
proprie e/4 ,corpus autem commune       
omnium hom9um non e/4 ,nam unusquisque  
suum proprium      possidet corpus1 non 
et ,greek3 ousian4 ,igitur communis     
e/1 et corpus commune non e/4  ,?is     
passage =ms "p ( "o ( ! enl>gem5ts ( ,i4
 ,9 x he writes omnis = omnes1 & ,non et
 ,greek3 ousiae igitur communis e/ = non
 et ,greek3 ousian4 ,igitur communis e/4
 ,^! are und]/&able errors = any scribe1
 b n = ! au?or ( ! "w1 to make4 ,o!rs   
occur else:]e 9 ! ,insul> h&2 ,i h n    
record$ _m1 b ,i made no sy/ematic se>*4
  ,we n[ come to ! mo/ />tl+            
consid]ation ( all1 namely1 t !re are   
two v>ieties ( insul> script 9 ! book4  
,! fir/ v>iety1 :i* ,i w n[ call i#a1 is
 exhibit$ 9 all ! plates ?us f> pres5t$4
 ,x is loose1 po9t$1 fl[+1 ) few        
abbreviations or ligatures specially    
*>act]i/ic ( ,iri% script4 ,) only "o or
 two exceptions1 x uses a d ) a curv$   

%aft4 ,! o!r v>iety 7i#b71 z ,plate ,x  
7fol4 #ajf7 %[s1 is at once m compact & 
regul>1 & m cursive1 ) m ( !            
specifically ,iri% traits2 x has a      
/raight-%aft$ d4 ,fur!rmore1 ! two h&s  
appe> 9 diff]5t portions ( ! manuscript4
 i#a is conf9$ to foll4 #a-hjv 7 quires 
,i-,x7 & foll4 #aac-cahv 7 quires       
,,xv-,,xli71 :ile i#b appe>s only 9     
foll4 #ha-aabv 7 quires ,,xi-,,xiv7 &   
foll4 #cai-ceh 7 quires ,,xlii-,,xlvi74 
,9 ! sections correct$ by i#b1 we note !
 same features z 9 ! o!r p>ts4 i#b      
ins]ts _m long enl>gem5ts & makes _m    
m9or corrections4 ,he is supplem5t$ 9 "o
 ( 8 own enl>gem5ts by r#b4aa ,on ano!r 
page1 he is correct$ by r#b1 or possibly
 ! text-h&4#ab  ,our la/ resort1 if we  
are /ill to look = ! autograph ( ,john !
 ,scot 9 ! v>i\s h&s ( ,reims1 is to    
suppose t1 if n i#a1 x is i#b4 ,?is is  
inde$ ! h& t ,traube believ$ 0 !        
au?or's2 x happ5$ t almo/ all ( !       
photographs tak5 = ,traube conta9       
enl>gem5ts by i#b & n by i#a4 ,yet if   

i#b is ,johannes1 :y does t h& nev]     
correct ! sections assign$ to i#a8 ,( ! 
two1 i#a seems m free1 m individual1 m l
 an au?or's1 unless t au?or be also a   
calligraphi/4 ,b if we imag9e t i#a is  
,johannes1 :y does he nev] appe> 9 !    
sections assign$ to i#b8  ,our *a9 (    
evid5ce draws u to ! conclusion t nei!r 
i#a nor i#b is ,johannes1 b t bo? are   
scribes employ$ by him1 toge!r ) o!rs1  
to correct & enl>ge ! manuscripts ( 8   
works4 ,! two ,insul> writ]s 7 v        
possibly ! mo/ important ( 8 workm51 =  
he entru/$ mo/ ( ! revision to !m4 ,_!  
task 0 done 9 intimate coop]ation ) !   
o!r scribes4 ,!y w\ld call !m 9 to f9i% 
_! notes if consid]ations ( space dem&$1
 or1 n[ & !n1 m]ely to indulge 9 a      
pa/ime ( alt]nate writ+4 ,p]haps x 0 !  
difficulty ( deciph]+ ! orig9al t induc$
 a scribe to appeal m frequ5tly ?an     
usual = help f a fell[-craftsman4 ,i h  
conf9$ my discussion to ! manuscript    
#hge ( ,reims1 b ! two ,insul> h&s appe>
 also 9 ! manuscripts ( ,bamb]g & (     

,laon4#ac  ,aft] all is said & done1 !  
great value ( ,traube's discov]y rema9s4
 ,x is positive t ! enl>gem5ts 9 !      
manuscripts 7 made at ! direction ( !   
au?or himself4 ,!y pres5t to ! mod]n    
editor ( ! ,de ,divisione ,naturae !    
fasc9at+ task ( di/+ui%+ ! diff]5t      
revisions1 & ( foll[+ ! gr[? ( ! subject
 9 ,johannes' m9d4 ,! be/ way1 ,i       
believe1 w\ld be to pr9t on ! left-h&   
page ! enl>g$ =m ( ! text1 = t is ! =m 9
 :i* ! au?or wi%$ 8 "w to be kn[n to    
po/]ity4 ,on ! "r-h& page1 ! briefe/ =m1
 ! ne>e/ approa* to 8 orig9al draft1    
might be giv51 ) indication1 9 !        
critical app>atus1 ( ! successive /ages 
by :i* ! f9al text 0 rea*$4 ,possibly   
fur!r rese>* may reveal ,o1 or ev5 ! h& 
( ,johannes himself4 ,= ! pres5t1 we at 
lea/ h accessible--if ! cont5ts ( !     
libr>ies ( ,reims & ( ,laon are         
accessible--! mat]ial = prep>+ a highly 
accurate & well-nigh unique edition ( "o
 ( ! ma/]pieces ( m$ieval philosophy4   
,,footnotes3  #a ,9 ,abh4 d4 k4 b4      

,akad4 d4 ,wiss41 philos4-philol4 u4    
hi/4 ,classe1 ,mu5*51 ,,xxvi 7#aiab74   
#b ,9 ,migne1 ,patrologia ,lat9a1 vol4  
#abb 7#ahfe74  #c ,i h conf9$ my        
illu/rations almo/ entirely to passages 
exhibit$ 9 ! plates4 ,i h notes ( _m o!r
 examples q z p]t95t1 b d n include !m  
"h1 believ+ t ^? pres5t$ amply prove my 
po9t4  #d ,= an example1 see ,plate ,i  
7fol4 #bgc74 ,9 ! la/ regul> l9e ( !    
page1 aft] writ+ caele/is ess5tiae      
p>ticeps e/1 ! scribe fir/ omitt$ !     
words de die--caele/is ess5tiae p>ticeps
 e/ 7an exce$+ly easy haplography7 & !n 
add$ !m1 ) signs ( ref]5ce1 9 ! m>g9    
imm$iately bel[4 ,z ! error is "o (     
sight & n ( he>+1 he mu/ h _h a text    
be=e him4  #e ,plate ,,ii 7fol4 #bcav7  
conta9s a /rik+ in/ance4 ,aft] !        
citation ( ,/4 ,basil1 ! au?or be?9ks   
him ( ano!r possible int]pretation ( 8  
words 7,an aliud ex u]bis               
ipsius--intellig5dum7 & sets x =? 9 !   
enl>gem5t4 ,x is n probable1 ,i believe1
 t ! au?or dictat$ ?is =?) to ! scribe4 

,z ! exi/5ce ( ,o has be5 prov$1 x is m 
natural to assume t ! enl>gem5t _h      
already be5 ins]t$ !re4  #f ,e4g41 fol4 
#ei 7,i h no photograph74 ,! add$ quodam
 9 l4#aj ( fol4 #bca 7,plate ,,ii7 is n 
by ,i4 ,see bel[1 note #aj4 ,ut arbitror
 9 ! "r m>g9 seems exactly ! ?+ t an    
au?or tucks 9 :5 revis+ & qualify+ 8 "w4
 ,b see bel[ p4 #ach4  #g ,plate ,,iii  
conta9s a specim5 7fol4 #fd74 ,at fir/  
?is h& looks l t ( ! text1 b x is really
 diff]5t4 ,! corrections are1 ,i        
believe1 by r#a himself4 ,!y _h be5 made
 9 ,o1 ,i inf]1 b at fir/ 7 n obs]v$ by 
r#a4 ,! head+ ,de ag]e et pati is by a  
h& ( ! ?irte5? c5tury or lat] 7 h74  #h 
,see ,plate ,,iv 7fol4 #ae74 ,z 9 !     
previ\s specim51 ?is h& is simil> to t (
 ! text1 b n id5tical ) x4 ,! h& h adds 
?ree head+s4  #i ,fol4 #bcb 7,plate     
,,viii74 r#e !n collat$ ! "w ( r#d ) ,o1
 add+ quodam 9 l4#aj1 & p]haps correct+ 
consequ5tius to consequ5tias 9 l4#ab4   
#aj ,fol4 #ehv 7,plate ,,ix74  #aa ,see 
fol4 #ha1 ,plate ,,xi 7 ,plate ,i 9     

,pal4 ,=s*474  #ab ,fol4 #ajf 7,plate   
,x74  #ac ,= i#b 9 ! ,bamb]g ,,ms1 see  
,pal4 ,=s*41 ,plates ,,iii-,,viii4 ,=   
i#a 9 ! ,laon ,,ms1 see ,pal4 ,=s*41    
,plate ,x4     ,,plates       ,plate ,i4
 ,fol4 #bgc4      ,plate ,,ii4 ,fol4    
#bcav4      ,plate ,,iii4 ,fol4 #fd4    
,plate ,,iv4 ,fol4 #ae4      ,plate ,v4 
,fol4 #bhev4      ,plate ,,vi4 ,fol4    
#di4      ,plate ,,vii4 ,fol4 #ef4      
,plate ,,viii4 ,fol4 #bcb4      ,plate  
,,ix4 ,fol4 #ehv4      ,plate ,x4 ,fol4 
#ajf4      ,plate ,,xi4 ,fol4 #ha 7     
,pal4 ,=s*41 ,plate ,i74         99     
99       99       99       99           
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #a         99     
99       99       99       99           
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #b         99     
99       99       99       99           
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #c         99     
99       99       99       99           
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #d         99     
99       99       99       99           
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #e         99     
99       99       99       99           

,illu/ration3 ,,plate #f         99     
99       99       99       99           
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #g         99     
99       99       99       99           
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #h         99     
99       99       99       99           
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #i         99     
99       99       99       99           
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aj         99    
99       99       99       99           
,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aa