,issu$ ,may #ca1 #aijg4  ,u4 ,s4        
,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,agriculture4  ,,f>m]s' 
,,bullet9 #big4  ,,me?ods ,,( ,,de/roy+ 
,,rats4  ,,by  ,,david ,e4 ,,lantz1     
,assi/ant1 ,bureau ( ,biological        
,survey4  ,illu/ration  ,,wa%+ton3      
,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice4 #aijg4      
,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,words surr\nd$ by 
tildes1 l ?is signifies words 9 bold4   
,words surr\nd$ by und]scores1 l ?is1   
signifies words 9 italics4     ,,lett]  
,,( ,,transmittal4   ,u4 ,s4 ,,dep>tm5t 
,,( ,,agriculture1 ,,bureau ,,(         
,,biological ,,survey1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4    
,c41 ,may #ae1 #aija4  ,,sir3 ,i h !    
honor to transmit h]e) = publication    
,f>m]s' ,bullet9 ,no4 #big1 conta9+     
concise directions = ! de/ruction (     
rats1 prep>$ by ,david ,e4 ,lantz1 an   
assi/ant 9 ?is ,bureau4 ,! damage done  
by ^! rod5ts1 bo? 9 cities & 9 ! c\ntry1
 is enorm\s1 & ! calls = practical      
me?ods ( de/roy+ !m are correspond+ly   
num]\s & urg5t4 ,x is believ$ t by      
foll[+ ! directions "h giv5 ! numb]s (  

?is pe/ c be greatly r$uc$ & ! losses f 
!m proportionally dim9i%$4              
,respectfully1  ,c4 ,,h>t ,,m]riam1     
,*ief1 ,biological ,survey4  ,,hon4     
,,james ,,wilson1 ,secret>y (           
,agriculture4     ,,cont5ts4            
,page4  ,introduction                   
#c  ,me?ods ( de/roy+ rats        #d    
,poison+                       #d       
,trapp+                        #e   ,use
 ( f]rets & dogs         #f             
,fumigation                      #g     
,rat-pro( con/ruction            #g     
,natural enemies ( rats           #h    
,conclusions                       #h   
,,illu/ration4                          
,page4  ,,fig4 #a4--,me?od ( bait+      
guillot9e trap      #f     ,,me?ods ,,( 
,,de/roy+ ,,rats4   ,,introduction4  ,! 
br[n or ,norway rat 7,mus norvegicus7 is
 ! wor/ mammal pe/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! 
losses f its depr$ations am\nt+ to _m   
millions ( doll>s ye>ly--to m1 inde$1   
?an ! losses f all o!r injuri\s mammals 
comb9$4,a ,9 addition to its de/ructive 

habits1 ?is rat is n[ kn[n to be an     
active ag5t 9 dissem9at+ infecti\s      
diseases1 a fact :i* r5d]s measures =   
its de/ruction d\bly important4         
,footnote ,a3 ,sev]al species ( rats are
 kn[n z h\se rats1 includ+ ! black rat  
7,mus rattus71 ! ro( rat 7,mus          
alex&r9us71 & ! br[n rat 7,mus          
norvegicus74 ,( ^!1 ! la/ is ! commone/ 
& mo/ widespread 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,n "o (  
^! species is a native1 b all 7 import$ 
f ! ,old ,_w4 ,z _! habits 9 g5]al are  
simil>1 ! in/ructions giv5 9 ! bullet9  
apply alike to all4  ,introduc$ into    
,am]ica ab\t ! ye> #agge1 ! br[n rat has
 supplant$ & ne>ly ext]m9at$ its less   
robu/ relative1 ! black rat1 & despite !
 incessant w>f>e ( man has ext5d$ its   
range & /eadily increas$ 9 numb]s4 ,its 
dom9ance is due to its great fecundity &
 its ability to adapt itself to all     
sorts ( conditions4 ,x bre$s ?ree or f\r
 times a ye> & produces f #f to #ab1 &  
ev5 m1 "y at a litt]4 ,"y females bre$  
:5 only #d or #e mon?s old4 ,! species  

is practically omnivor\s1 fe$+ ^u all   
k9ds ( animal & vegetable matt]4 ,x     
makes its home 9 ! op5 field1 ! h$ge r[1
 & ! riv] bank1 z well z 9 /one walls1  
pi]s1 & all k9ds ( build+s4 ,x de/roys  
gra9s :5 newly plant$1 :ile gr[+1 & 9 ! 
%ock1 /ack1 m[1 crib1 gran>y1 mill1     
elevator1 or %ip's hold1 & also 9 ! b9 &
 fe$ tr\gh4 ,x invades /ore & w>eh\se & 
de/roys fur1 laces1 silks1 c>pets1 lea!r
 goods1 & groc]ies4 ,x attacks fruits1  
vegetables1 & meats 9 ! m>kets1 &       
de/roys by pollution t5 times z mu* z x 
actually eats4 ,x c>ries disease g]ms f 
h\se to h\se & bubonic plague f city to 
city4 ,x causes disa/r\s conflagrations2
 floods h\ses by gnaw+ lead wat] pipes2 
ru9s artificial ponds & embankm5ts by   
burr[+2 de/roys ! f>m]s' pigs1 eggs1 &  
"y p\ltry2 eats ! eggs & "y ( song &    
game birds2 & damages f\ndations1       
floors1 doors1 & furni%+s ( dwell+s4    
,,me?ods ,,( ,,de/roy+ ,,rats4   ,a     
compilation ( all ! me?ods ( de/roy+    
rats practic$ 9 hi/oric times w\ld fill 

a volume4 ,un=tunately1 ! great] numb] (
 !m are wor?less or impracticable4 ,few 
h m ?an tempor>y effect ^u _! numb]s1 & 
ev5 ! be/ ( !m fail unless p]si/5tly    
appli$4 ,conditions v>y s mu* t no "o   
me?od ( deal+ ) ?is pe/ is applicable 9 
all cases4 ,among ! m important measures
 to be recomm5d$ = actively combat+ !   
br[n rat are3 7#a7 ,poisons2 7#b7 traps2
 7#c7 f]rets2 7#d7 fumigation1 & 7#e7   
rat-pro( con/ruction ( build+s4         
,,poison+4  ,b>ium ,c>bonate4--,"o ( !  
*eape/ & mo/ effective poisons = rats & 
mice is b>ium c>bonate1 or b>ytes4 ,?is 
m9]al has ! advantage ( be+ )\t ta/e or 
smell2 &1 9 ! small quantities us$ 9    
poison+ rats & mice1 is h>mless to l>g] 
animals4 ,its action on rod5ts is sl[1 b
 reasonably sure1 & has ! fur!r         
advantage t ! animals be=e dy+1 if exit 
be possible1 usually leave ! premises 9 
se>* ( wat]4 ,its employm5t 9 h\ses1    
!re=e1 is r>ely foll[$ by ! annoy+ odor 
:i* att5ds ! use ( ! m virul5t poisons4 
,! poison may be f$ 9 ! =m ( a d\gh made

 ( "o-fif? b>ytes & f\r-fif?s meal1 b a 
m conv5i5t bait is ord9>y oatmeal1 )    
ab\t "o-eigh? ( its bulk ( b>ytes1 mix$ 
) wat] into a /iff d\gh2 or ! b>ytes may
 be spread ^u bread & butt] or moi/5$   
toa/4 ,! prep>$ bait %\ld be plac$ 9 rat
 runs1 a small quantity at a place4 ,if 
a s+le application ( ! poison fails to  
drive all rats f ! premises1 x %\ld be  
repeat$ ) a *ange ( bait4               
,/ry*n9e4--,/ry*n9e is a m virul5t      
poison1 b its action is s rapid t !     
animals (t5 die ^u ! premises1 a        
circum/ance :i* prohibits its use 9     
occupi$ dwell+s4 ,else:]e /ry*n9e may be
 employ$ ) great success4 ,dry /ry*n9e  
cry/als may be ins]t$ 9 small pieces (  
raw meat1 ,vi5na sausage1 or toa/$      
*eese1 & ^! plac$ 9 ! rat runs2 or      
oatmeal may be wet ) a /ry*n9e sirup1 & 
small quantities laid out 9 ! same way4 
,/ry*n9e sirup is prep>$ z foll[s3      
,dissolve a half ounce ( /ry*nia        
sulphate 9 a p9t ( boil+ wat]2 add a p9t
 ( ?ick sug> sirup & /ir ?or\ghly4 ,a   

small] quantity ( ! poison may be prep>$
 ) a proportional quantity ( wat]4 ,9   
prep>+ ! bait x is necess>y t all !     
oatmeal %\ld be moi/5$ ) sirup4 ,:eat is
 ! mo/ conv5i5t alt]native bait4 ,x %\ld
 be soak$ ov] night 9 ! /ry*n9e sirup4  
,o!r ,poisons4--,! two poisons mo/      
commonly us$ = rats & mice are ars5ic & 
phosphorus1 ne>ly all comm]cial         
prep>ations conta9+ "o or ! o!r z a     
basis4 ,:ile exp]im5ts prove t rats h   
great p[]s ( resi/ance to ars5ic1 x may 
sometimes be us$ advantage\sly z an     
alt]native poison4 ,prep>ations (       
phosphorus sold by druggi/s are (t5 too 
weak to be effective2 & home-made       
mixtures1 :5 ( suffici5t /r5g?1 are     
dang]\s1 z rats may c>ry ! baits into   
walls or crannies & ?us cause fires4 ,= 
^! & o!r reasons ! ,biological ,survey  
does n recomm5d prep>ations conta9+     
phosphorus4  ,poison 9 ! ,p\ltry        
,h\se4--,= poison+ rats 9 build+s & y>ds
 occupi$ by p\ltry1 ! foll[+ me?od is   
recomm5d$3 ,two wood5 boxes %\ld be us$1

 "o consid]ably l>g] ?an ! o!r1 & ea*   
hav+ two or m holes 9 ! sides l>ge en\gh
 to admit rats4 ,! poison$ bait %\ld be 
plac$ on ! bottom & ne> ! middle ( !    
l>g] box1 & ! small] box %\ld !n be     
inv]t$ ov] x4 ,rats ?us h free access to
 ! bait1 b f[ls are exclud$4   ,,trapp+4
  ,trapp+1 if p]si/5tly foll[$1 is "o ( 
! mo/ effective me?ods ( de/roy+ rats4  
,! improv$ mod]n traps ) a wire fall    
releas$ by a bait$ trigg] & driv5 by a  
coil$ spr+ h m>k$ advantages ov] ! old  
=ms1 & _m ( !m may be us$ at ! same "t4 
,^! traps1 sometimes call$ guillot9e    
traps1 are ( _m designs1 b ! m simply   
con/ruct$ are to be pref]r$4 ,probably  
^? made entirely ( metal are ! be/1 z !y
 are less likely to absorb & reta9      
odors4  ,9 illu/ration ( ! effectiv5ess 
( traps1 x may be relat$ t a ye> or two 
ago a l>ge dep>tm5t /ore 9 ,wa%+ton     
exp]i5c$ heavy losses ( gloves1 lace    
curta9s1 & o!r m]*&ise f rat            
depr$ations4 ,= sev]al mon?s ! damages  
am\nt$ to f #aj to #cj nightly4 ,aft] _m

 unsuccessful attempts to abate !       
nuisance ! manag]s 7 advis$ to try !    
improv$ traps4 ,z a result #acf rats 7  
kill$ dur+ ! fir/ tw5ty nights1 :5 !    
losses practically ceas$1 & ! me?od has 
be5 cont9u$ 9 ! /ore ev] s9ce )         
satisfactory results4  ,guillot9e traps 
%\ld be bait$ ) small pieces ( ,vi5na   
sausage 7,wi5]wur/7 or bacon4 ,! trigg] 
wire %\ld be b5t inw>d to br+ ! bait    
into prop] position to p]mit ! fall to  
/rike ! rat 9 ! neck1 z %[n 9 !         
illu/ration 7fig4 #a74  ,o!r excell5t   
baits = rats are oatmeal1 toa/$ *eese1  
toa/$ bread 7butt]$71 & sunfl[] or      
pumpk9 se$s4 ,:5 se$1 gra91 or meal is  
us$ ) a guillot9e trap1 x may be plac$  
on ! trigg] plate1 or ! trigg] wire may 
be b5t outw>d & ! bait spr9kl$ "u x4    
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--,me?od ( bait+
 guillot9e trap4  ,wire cage traps      
7,fr5*7 also are useful = cat*+ rats1 b 
9 ! long run ! k9ds recomm5d$ above are 
mu* m effective4 ,:ile trapp+1 all o!r  
food %\ld be remov$ & ! trap bait %\ld  

be *ang$ (t54 ,rats are v suspici\s1 &  
baits & traps %\ld be h&l$ z little z   
possible4 ,increas$ success may be      
secur$ bo? 9 trapp+ & poison+ if ! rats 
are f$ = a night or two ) ! k9ds ( food 
to be us$ = bait4   ,,use ,,( ,,f]rets  
,,& ,,dogs4  ,a f]ret is useful = !     
purpose ( driv+ rats out ( burr[s & o!r 
hid+ places s t dogs c capture !m4 ,an  
exp]i5c$ p]son ) dogs & f]rets tra9$ to 
"w toge!r c kill _m rats :5 !y are      
num]\s4 ,b ! amateur f]ret] is likely to
 be greatly disappo9t$4  ,9 ! rice      
fields ( ! f> ,ea/ ! natives build      
num]\s piles ( bru% & rice /raw & leave 
!m = sev]al days until _m rats h tak5   
%elt] 9 !m4 ,a portable bamboo inclosure
 sev]al feet 9 height is !n set up ar\nd
 ea* pile 9 succession & ! /raw & bru%  
are ?r[n out ov] ! top :ile dogs & m5   
kill ! trapp$ rod5ts4 ,l>ge numb]s are  
kill$ 9 ?is way1 & ! plan )             
modifications may be utiliz$ 9 ,am]ica )
 satisfactory results4 ,a wire nett+ (  
f9e me% may be us$ = ! inclosure4 ,!    

s*eme is applicable at ! removal ( gra91
 /raw1 or hay /acks1 z well z bru%      
piles4   ,,fumigation4  ,rats may be    
de/roy$ 9 _! burr[s 9 ! fields1 &1 /ill 
m important1 9 levees & rice-field      
dikes1 by ! use ( c>bon bisulphid4 ,a   
wad ( cotton or o!r absorb5t mat]ial is 
saturat$ ) ! liquid & pu%$ into ! burr[1
 ! op5+ be+ pack$ ) soil to prev5t      
escape ( ! gas4 ,all animals 9 ! burr[  
are asphyxiat$4 ,fumigation ab\t build+s
 is n s effective1 z ! gas c n readily  
be conf9$4     ,,rat-,,pro(             
,,con/ruction4   ,! be/ way ( exclud+   
rats f build+s1 :e!r 9 ! city or c\ntry1
 is by ! use ( cem5t 9 con/ruction4 ,z !
 advantages ( ?is mat]ial are com+ to be
 g5]ally und]/ood1 its use is rapidly   
ext5d+ to all k9ds ( build+4 ,dwell+s1  
dairies1 b>ns1 /ables1 *ick5 h\ses1 ice 
h\ses1 bridges1 dams1 silos1 tanks1     
ci/]ns1 root-cell>s1 hotb$s1 sidewalks1 
& curbs are n[ (t5 made :olly (         
concrete4 ,9 con/ruct+ dwell+ h\ses !   
additional co/ ( mak+ ! f\ndations      

rat-pro( is slight z comp>$ ) !         
advantages4 ,! cell> walls %\ld h       
concrete foot+s & ! walls !mselves be   
laid 9 cem5t mort>4 ,! cell> floor %\ld 
be ( m$ium r ?an lean concrete1 & all   
wat] & dra9 pipes %\ld be surr\nd$ )    
concrete4 ,ev5 an old cell> may be made 
rat-pro( at comp>atively small exp5se4  
,rat holes may be p]man5tly clos$ by a  
mixture ( cem5t1 s&1 & brok5 glass or   
%>p bits ( /one4  ,rat-pro( gran>ies1   
corncribs1 & p\ltry h\ses may be        
con/ruct$ by a lib]al use ( concrete 9 !
 f\ndations & floors4  ,rats1 mice1 &   
sp>r[s may be exclud$ f corncribs by !  
use ( ei!r an inn] or an out] cov]+ (   
f9e-me% wire nett+ suffici5tly heavy to 
resi/ ! tee? ( rats4  ,! common cu/om ( 
sett+ corncribs ^u po/s ) inv]t$ pans at
 ! top (t5 fails because ! po/s are n   
long en\gh to insure t ! l[] cracks ( ! 
/ructure are beyond jump+ rea* ( rats4  
,! po/s %\ld project at lea/ #c feet    
above ! surface ( ! gr\nd4     ,,natural
 ,,enemies ,,( ,,rats4   ,! value (     

c>nivor\s mammals & ! l>g] birds ( prey 
9 de/roy+ rats %\ld be m fully          
recogniz$1 especially by ! f>m] & ! game
 pres]v]4 ,*ief among ! animals t are   
useful 9 de/roy+ ^! rod5ts are ! fox1   
skunk1 & weasel1 & ! l>g] species ( owls
 & hawks4 ,rats de/roy m p\ltry & game1 
bo? eggs & "y *icks1 ?an all ! birds &  
wild mammals nam$ comb9$1 yet "s ( our  
mo/ useful birds ( prey & c>nivor\s     
mammals are p]secut$ almo/ to ! po9t (  
ext9ction4 ,an enlight5$ public s5tim5t 
%\ld cause ! repeal ( all b\nties on ^! 
animals & af=d protection to ! majority 
( !m4     ,,conclusions4   ,by ! p]si/5t
 use ( traps1 occasional resort to      
poison1 & ! ex]cise ( =e?\ght 9 !       
con/ruction ( f>m build+s s z to m9imize
 ! opportunities = h>borage1 f>m]s &    
o!rs may prev5t ! great] "p ( ! loss &  
annoyance !y n[ exp]i5ce f rat          
depr$ations4 ,! same /atem5t applies 9  
great measure to city & village         
conditions4 ,h5ce coop]ation 9 ! w>f>e  
on rats is p>ticul>ly important & c n be

 too /rongly urg$4