,,! ,,morality ,,( ,,woman  ,,& ,,o!r   
,,essays   ,,au?oriz$ ,,translation ,,f 
,,! ,,sw$i%  ,,(  ,,ell5 ,,key  ,,by    
,,mamah ,,b\ton ,,bor?wick              
,illu/ration   ,,! ,,ralph ,,flet*]     
,,seym\r ,,co4  ,,f9e ,,arts ,,build+   
,,*icago    ,,copyright1 #aiaa  ,,by    
,,! ,,ralph ,,flet*] ,,seym\r ,,co4     
,,*icago      ,,cont5ts    ,,!          
,,morality ,,( ,,woman      page #e  ,,!
 ,,woman ,,( ,,! ,,future       #ci  ,,!
 ,,conv5tional ,,woman        #ea       
,,! ,,morality ,,( ,,woman  7,,translat$
 ,,f ,,! ,,sw$i%7       ,! law condemns 
to be hung ^? :o c\nt]feit banknotes2   
a measure necess>y = ! public welf>e4 ,b
 he :o     c\nt]feits love1 t is to say3
 he :o1 = a ?\s&     o!r reasons b n =  
love1 unites himself to "o :om     he   
does n love & creates ?us a family      
circle unwor?y     ( t "n--does n he    
inde$ commit a crime ^: ext5t     &     
incalculable results 9 ! pres5t & 9 !   
future1     dissem9ate f> m t]rible     
unhapp9ess ?an !     c\nt]feit+ (       

millions ( banknotes6                   
,c4 ,j4 ,l4 ,,almqui/4  ,! simple/ =mula
 = ! new conception ( morality1 :i* is  
beg9n+ to be oppos$ to moral dogma /ill 
e/eem$ by all society1 b especially by  
wom51 might be summ$ up 9 ^! words3     
,love is moral ev5 )\t legal m>riage1 b 
m>riage is immoral )\t love4  ,! cu/om>y
 objection to ?is t5et is t ^? :o       
propose x =get all o!r e?ical duties &  
legitimate feel+s 9 ord] to make ! sex  
relation%ip ! c5t] ( exi/5ce1 & love !  
sole decisive po9t ( view 9 que/ions    
conc]n+ ?is relation%ip4 ,b if we except
 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce--:i* inde$ mu/ be  
call$ n a relation%ip ( life b a        
condition ( life--:at !n c be m c5tral =
 man1 ?an a condition decre$ by ! laws (
 e>?ly life--! cause ( 8 own orig98 ,c  
"o imag9e a mom5t :i* p5etrates m deeply
 8 :ole be+8  ,t _m m5 live cont5t )\t !
 happ9ess ( love1 t o!rs aft] !y atta9 x
 seek a new end = _! activity1 proves   
no?+ aga9/ ! tru? ( ! exp]i5ce t = m5 9 
g5]al ! erotic relation betwe5 man &    

woman becomes ! deepe/ life det]m9+     
factor1 :e!r negatively1 because !y are 
depriv$ ( ?is relation or because !y =m$
 x unhappily2 or positively1 because !y 
h f\nd !re9 ! fullness ( life4  ,!      
depreciation = mank9d ( ! significance (
 ! sex relation & ( ! significance (    
love 9 ! sex relation br+s into x all ! 
immorality /ill impos$ by conv5tionalism
 z morality4  ,we no long] consid]1 z 9 
our "m's y\?1 ignorance ( ! side ( life 
:i* conc]ns ! propagation ( ! race !    
ess5tial condition ( womanly purity4 ,b 
! conv5tional idea ( purity /ill ma9ta9s
 t ! unt\*$ condition ( ! s5ses belongs 
to ?is conception4 ,& x w\ld be "r1 if !
 di/9ction 7 made betwe5 purity &       
*a/ity4 ,purity is ! new-fall5 sn[ :i* c
 be melt$ or sulli$2 *a/ity is /eel     
temp]$ 9 ! fire by :ite heat4 ,= *a/ity 
is only develop$ toge!r ) complete love2
 ?is n only excludes equally all        
p>tition among sev]al b also makes a    
sep>ation betwe5 ! dem&s ( ! he>t & !   
s5ses impossible4 ,! ess5ce ( *a/ity is1

 accord+ to ,george ,s&'s pr(\nd words3 
to be able nev] to betray ! s\l ) !     
s5ses nor ! s5ses ) ! s\l 7de ne p\voir 
jamais tromp] ni l'ame avec les s5s ni  
les s5s avec l'ame74 ,& z absolute      
consecration is its di/9ctive m>k1 s is 
x also its dem&4 ,?is alone is ! *a/ity 
:i* mu/ *>act]ize ! family life & =m 9 !
 future ! basis ( f\ndation = ! happ9ess
 ( ! p4  ,lit]ature 01 !re=e1 :olly     
ju/ifi$ :5 9 ! "n ( nature x attack$ !  
hyp]ideali/ic subtlety :i* rais$ ! love 
( ! he>t to ! highe/ rank & made t ( !  
s5ses ! l[e/2 & :5 x desir$ t ! woman   
%\ld n only "k :at complete love 0 b t  
%e %\ld also :5 %e lov$ desire t        
complet5ess4  ,because f "t to "t p[]ful
 voices 7 rais$1 l ,george ,s&'s or     
,almqui/'s1 call+ )\t consid]ation n    
only t m>riage immoral :i* 0 consummat$ 
)\t mutual love b also t m>riage immoral
 :i* 0 cont9u$ )\t mutual love--a pur]  
consci\sness has awak5$ 9 que/ions      
reg>d+ ! conditions ( ! g5esis ( !      
unborn race & elevat$ ! conditions ( !  

p]sonal dignity ( man & woman4 ,s       
ev5tually x w come to pass t no f9ely   
s5sitive woman w become a "m except     
?r\gh mutual love2 t ?is mo!rhood       
sanction$ legally or n s sanction$ %all 
be consid]$ ! only true mo!rhood1 & e   
o!r mo!rhood untrue4 ,?us w mank9d awak5
 to su* a feel+ ( ! ,sanctity ( !       
g5]ation1 & to su* an und]/&+ ( !       
conditions ( ! heal?1 /r5g? & beauty ( !
 race1 t e m>riage :i* has its s\rce 9  
worldly or m]ely s5sual motives1 or 9   
reasons ( prud5ce or 9 a feel+ ( duty   
%all be consid]$ z ,almqui/ calls x3 ,a 
crim9al c\nt]feit+ ( ! highe/ values (  
life4 ,& ! same crim9al c\nt]feit obta9s
 9 e m>ri$ life :i* is cont9u$ "u !     
compulsion1 ! di/a/e or ! resignation ( 
"o ( ! two4 ,man w be p5etrat$ ) !      
consci\sness t ! :ole e?ical conception 
:i* n[ 9 & ) m>riage gives to a husb& or
 a wife rights ov] ! p]sonality ( ! o!r1
 is a crude survival ( ! l[] p]iods (   
culture2 t ev]y?+ :i* is ex*ang$ betwe5 
husb& & wife 9 _! life toge!r1 c only be

 ! free gift ( love1 c nev] be dem&$ by 
"o or ! o!r z a "r4 ,man w und]/& t :5  
"o c no long] cont9ue ! life 9 love !n  
?is life mu/ cease2 t all v[s b9d+ =ev] 
! life ( feel+ are a viol5ce ( "o's     
p]sonality1 s9ce "o _c be held          
acc\ntable = ! trans=mation ( "o's      
feel+4 ,ev5 ?\gh ?is new moral ideal    
%\ld 9 ! beg9n+ dissolve _m untrue      
m>riages & ?us cause mu* suff]+1 yet all
 ?is suff]+ is necess>y4 ,x belongs to !
 atta9m5t ( ! new erotic e?ics :i* w    
uplift man & woman 9 t sph]e :]e n[ ! _s
 ( slav]y & ( obtus5ess "u a holy "n    
degrade !m2 :]e social conv5tion        
sanctions pro/itution alongside         
monogamy1 & v\*safes to ! s$uc] b n to !
 s$uc$1 social e/eem1 call+ ! unm>ri$   
woman ru9$ :o 9 love has become a "m1 b 
! m>ri$ woman respectable :o )\t love   
gives *ildr5 to ! man :o has b\ght h]6  
,! erotic-e?ical consci\sness ( mank9d  
_c be uplift$ until ! new idea (        
morality ) all its consequ5ces is cle>ly
 e/abli%$4  ,?is ideal has two types (  

adv]s>y4 ,"o is ! adh]5t ( ! conv5tional
 morality2 ! o!r ! support] ( !         
transitory union to :i* ! "n ( free love
 is errone\sly appli$4  ,^? ( ! fir/    
type dem& q ! same morality = ! man z = 
! woman4 ,!y ass]t t celibacy = ei!r sex
 br+s ) x s]i\s difficulties4 ,!y ma9ta9
 t ! social feel+ ( duty1 n mutual love1
 mu/ be ! gr\nd ( conjugal fidelity4 ,!y
 call pure love love unt\*$ by all t :i*
 !y call s5suality4  ,^! same moral     
dogmas 9 rec5t ye>s h manife/$ !mselves 
9 ! ef=t to qu5* all fire1 :it5 all     
burn+ r$ coals1 & drape all nudity 9    
lit]ature & art4 ,! support]s ( ?is     
dogma c]ta9ly und]/&--s9ce1 to beg9 at !
 beg9n+ !y h surely glanc$ into ! ,bible
 & ,hom]--t ! und]tak+ w\ld be too va/ 7
 x to ext5d to classic lit]ature4 ,b all
 ! m ard5tly !y h direct$ _! zeal aga9/ 
mod]n lit]ature & art4 ,& if !y d n     
enc\nt] en]getic opposition ! fig leaf w
 soon among u also atte/ ! fall ( ta/e &
 ( ! s\l4  ,free love has also its      
fanatics :o are guilty ( q z crass      

excess4 ,!y h no conception ( s\lful &  
true devotion1 :i* !y consid] an        
absurdity or a conv5tionality "u :i*    
human nature _c b[ )\t hypocrisy4 ,=    
s9ce exp]i5ce %[s t lifelong love is    
frequ5tly an illusion1 s1 !y say1 "o mu/
 n beg9 by expect+ x6 ,! s-call$        
,bohemians h %[n z great monomania 9 _! 
rotation ar\nd ?is "o po9t1 ! "r ( !    
s5ses1 z h ! zealots ( traditional      
morality 9 _! rotation ar\nd _! po9t1 ! 
suppression ( ! s5ses4 ,! extreme result
 ( bo? w\ld be retrogression to a l[]   
degree ( culture2 9 "o case to !        
asceticism ( ! ,middle ,ages1 9 ! o!r to
 ! promiscuity ( ! savage4 ,bo? =get !  
reality ( life4 ,on ! "o side !y ignore 
?is reality 9 _! absolute dem&s )\t     
consid]ation ( temp]am5t or             
circum/ances2 9 _! ass]tion ( !         
unqualifi$ moral sup]iority ( woman & 9 
depreciation ( ! significance ( love = !
 full h>mony ( man & woman4 ,on ! o!r   
side !y ignore ?is reality :5 !y try to 
make woman z unre/ra9$ morally z man has

 hi!rto be52 :5 !y =get all ! suff]+ ( !
 new g5]ation born & re>$ 9 su* an      
unre/ra9$ exi/5ce2 :5 !y le>n no?+ ( !  
nature ( woman f ! _m y\ng] & old] wom5 
:o live solit>y & yet s\nd & useful     
lives 9 ! deep conviction t1 s9ce !y h n
 f\nd ! great1 mutual love1 :i* decides 
exi/5ce1 any union ) a man w\ld be      
degrad+ & unhappy4 ,developm5t has1     
because ( multif>i\s influ5ces made     
entirety & cont9uity 9 love a great]    
life necessity = ! woman ( culture 9    
g5]al ?an = ! man ( ! same intellectual 
level4 ,a man1 !re=e1 ord9>ily dissolves
 an erotic relation )\t bitt]ness :5 he 
has ceas$ to love1 :ile a woman1 ev5    
aft] h] love has ceas$1 (t5 suff]s      
because ! relation%ip has n endur$ a    
lifetime4  ,x is ?is ev] increas+       
p]emptory dem& = erotic complet5ess ( ! 
woman ( develop$ individuality ( !      
pres5t "t1 :i* causes h] always to wi%  
to m f]v5tly *]i% ! p]sonality ( ! man z
 entirely z x is h] happ9ess & h] pride 
to be able to give h] own4 ,x is ?is    

dem& = entirety :i*1 among ,g]manic     
peoples1 at lea/1 makes woman nei!r     
desir\s nor psy*ologically fitt$ = !    
s-call$ free love4 ,?is is evid5tly to  
be conclud$ f ! vicissitudes ( ^? :o h  
tri$ x4  ,free love is moreov] q z      
s5seless an expression z legal love4    
,because no ext]nal comm& c call love   
into be+ or repress x2 x is 9 ?is s5se  
always free1 yet z are all feel+s1 x is 
b\nd by c]ta9 psy*ological laws4 ,if n1 
!n x does n des]ve ! "n ( love4 ,x is ) 
love z ) ! human face3 ?\gh ! individual
 v>ieties are inf9ite1 yet !re are c]ta9
 g5]al *>act]i/ic features :i* make all 
^! diff]5t faces human faces1 all ^!    
diff]5t feel+s human love4 ,& 9 e "t !re
 is a type = bo?1 :i* is recogniz$ z    
nobl] ?an ! o!rs4  ,?is noble/ type (   
love has be5 portray$ by a ,dani%       
writ]1,a :o endeavor$ to %[ t a         
conception ( life f\nd$ ^u evolution ne$
 n lead to laxity 9 sexual relations4   
,he %[s h[ ! erotic feel+1 z all o!r    
feel+s1 has be5 develop$ f an incoh]5t1 

indet]m9ate & indef9ite condition to "o 
m coh]5t1 det]m9ate & diff]5tiat$1 & s f
 a simple in/9ct = reproduction ( !     
species has be5 f9ally trans=m$ to an   
entirely p]sonal1 inn] love4 ,! highe/  
type ( ?is love is t :i* exi/s betwe5 a 
man & a woman ( ! same moral &          
intellectual level2 :i* dem&s (         
necessity reciprocal love 9 ord] to be  
p]fect$1 & c !re=e be cont5t$ ) no o!r  
k9d ( reciprocal love ?an a correspond+ 
erotic love4 ,?is p]fect love includes !
 ye>n+ desire ( bo? lov]s to become     
entirely "o be+1 to free ea* o!r & to   
develop ea* o!r to ! greate/ p]fection4 
,if love is p]fect$ & consummat$ ?us by 
! life toge!r1 !n c x be giv5 to only "o
 & only once 9 a lifetime4 ,?is ?\ght ( 
! ,dani% writ] is express$ ) ! concise  
brevity ( ! poet1 by ,bjornson1 :5 he   
says ( ! s5sation feel+ oneself d\bl$ 9 
! belov$ "o3 ,t is love1 all else is n  
love4 ,?is feel+ :i* lib]ates1 cons]ves 
& deep5s ! p]sonality1 :i* is !         
inspiration to noble de$s & works (     

g5ius1 is ! opposite ( ! ephem]al1 m]ely
 s5sual love1 :i* enslaves1 dissipates &
 less5s ! p]sonality4    ,a ,see ,viggo 
,drews53 ,en ,livsanskuelse grundet paa 
,elsk[ 7,a       ,conception ( ,life    
,f\nd$ ^u ,love7 & ,=holdet mellem      
,maud og ,kv9de bely/ gj5nem            
,udvikl+%ypo!s54 7,!       ,relation    
betwe5 ,man & ,woman 9 ! ,light ( !     
,hypo!sis       ( ,evolution47  ,x is   
only ! great love :i* has a high] "r ?an
 all o!r feel+s & :i* c e/abli% its "r 9
 a life4  ,he :o consid]s ?is love      
decisive = ! morality ( su* an erotic   
union _c believe t ext]nal ties are     
necess>y to give e?ical value to ?is    
union4 ,social consid]ations1 prud5ce & 
feel+ = o!rs c inde$ 9 c]ta9 cases make 
! legal bond desirable4 ,b x c j z      
little give increas$ consecration to    
real love1 z x c give any consecration  
:atev] to a relation 9 :i* ?is cont5t is
 lack+4 ,& ev5 if x w\ld be too dogmatic
 to e/abli% j ! highe/ type ( love z    
e?ical norm = all relations betwe5 man &

 woman1 s9ce life proves t ! highe/ love
 is /ill z r>e z ! highe/ beauty1 yet x 
is on ! contr>y n premature to ass]t t  
?is love1 legally sanction$ or n1 is    
moral1 & t :]e x is lack+ on ei!r side1 
a moral gr\nd is furni%$ = ! dissolution
 ( ! relation%ip4 ,! ev] cle>]          
consci\sness t love c disp5se ) m>riage 
yet m>riage _c disp5se ) love1 is       
already p>tially recogniz$ 9 mod]n      
society1 by ! facility ( divorce4 ,& x  
is only a "q ( "t :5 ! law :i* gives to 
"o p]son ! p[] to con/ra9 ! o!r to rema9
 ) him aga9/ 8 w1 w be abrogat$1 s      
contr>y is ?is possibility to t develop$
 conception ( ! fre$om ( love--:i* is n 
at all ! same z s-call$ free love6  ,x  
is n hi/orically true t x 01 z has be5  
ass]t$1 "s c]ta9 conception ( morality1 
"s c]ta9 =m ( conclud+ or dissolv+      
m>riage :i*1 9 ! la/ analysis1 has be5 a
 decisive factor 9 ! progress or        
decad5ce ( peoples4 ,among ! ,jews z    
among ! ,greeks1 among ! ,romans z among
 our ,g]manic =efa!rs1 at ! mo/ fl\ri%+ 

p]iod1 !re exi/$ _m laws & cu/oms :i* 7 
consid]$ moral t ! pres5t "t consid]s   
immoral4 ,! decisive ?+ = ! s\nd life ( 
^! peoples 01 t t :i* !y consid]$ "r _h 
sov]eign p[] to b9d !m3 ! fai?fulness to
 ! conception ( duty m ?an ! cont5t (   
conception det]m9es ! moral s\ndness ( a
 p4 ,society is 9 dang]1 n :5 ! ideals  
are rais$ b :5 !y are lo/4 ,b a v highly
 develop$ hi/orical s5se is necess>y to 
see at ! same "t ! connection & !       
diff]5ce betwe5 dissolution &           
reorganization4 ,moreov] x is necess>y  
to h ! l>ge view ( ! ess5tials ( life   
:i* di/+ui%es ! true poet1 ! view :i*   
,sophocles possess$ :5 he let 8         
,antigone foll[ ! high] law ( affection 
& commit a violation ( ! law            
:i*--accord+ to ! conception ( t        
"t--w\ld lead to g5]al lic5se if x      
rema9$ unpuni%$4 ,! new ideal ( m>riage 
is n[ be+ =m$ 9 & ?r\gh all ! _m lit]>y 
& p]sonal diss5sions 9 :i* x con/itutes 
! !me4 ,yes1 x is =m$ also 9 ! mid/ (   
all ! conflicts ( life = :i* m>riage    

gives s mu* occasion4 ,x is true !re are
 n[ m>ri$ p :o sep>ate because f ! v    
beg9n+ !y consid]$ fidelity impossible &
 s did n ev5 /rive = x4 ,b _m o!r       
divorces h f> m complex1 psy*ological   
reasons4 ,:5 two p are m>ri$ "y1 p]sonal
 developm5t takes (t5 entirely opposite 
directions2 if !y h m>ri$ 9 m mature    
ye>s1 !n _! individual diff]5ces1       
already /rongly m>k$ f ! beg9n+1 make ! 
problem ( common life toge!r difficult (
 solution4 ,! /rongly develop$          
s5sibility ( ! mod]n individual to      
disposition1 nuances1 v>iations ( humor1
 makes a lack ( sympa?y /ill m          
un5durable2 a true sympa?y a f> great]  
s\rce ( joy4 ,! :ole multiplicity (     
psy*o-physical influ5ces & impressions  
:i* ! memb]s ( a family ex]cise ^u "o   
ano!r = pleasure & displeasure1 sympa?y 
& v>iance1 h>mony & discord1 are n[ 9   
all relation%ips1 b above all 9 m>riage1
 felt ) greate/ int5sity4 ,x is 9 ^?    
natures mo/ individually develop$1 mo/  
ref9$1 = :om ! nuances ( ! m>ri$ life1 n

 its simple primal colors1 signify      
happ9ess or unhapp9ess4  ,to ?is g5]al  
delicacy ( feel+ !re is add$ especially 
! height5$ s5sibility ( woman to !      
discord betwe5 t :i* %e expect$ 9       
m>riage & t :i* 9 reality x (f]$ h]1    
because ! union (t5 lack$ ! fre$om1 !   
und]/&+ :i* h] sympa!tic feel+ n[       
craves4 ,?is lack ( h>mony is inevitable
 s9ce ! =ms ( m>riage h n ev5           
approximately und]gone ! trans=mation   
:i* w\ld correspond to ! individual     
developm5t ( ! two be+s1 ( ! woman      
especially1 :om x unites4 ,b :ile all ^!
 reasons1 cursorily indicat$ "h1        
contribute _! "p 9 ! increas$ numb] (   
divorces1 ! life ( f9] feel+ creates1 on
 ! o!r h&1 an ev] m intimate m>ri$ life4
 ,!re are m>ri$ p :o h pl$g$ ea* o!r at 
m>riage full fre$om to dissolve ! union 
:5 ei!r ( !m s wi%$1 & o!rs :o h nev]   
giv5 legal =m to _! m>riage yet realize 
fully & ri*ly love 9 sorr[ & 9 joy1 9   
sympa!tic "w toge!r1 9 reciprocal1 true 
devotion4 ,!re h be51 on ! o!r h&1      

*ampions ( s-call$ free love :o 7       
!mselves by nature su* pron\nc$ believ]s
 9 only "o m>riage t _! life 0 wreck$ :5
 ! "o to :om !y _h b\nd !mselves appli$ 
to _! own case _! own !ories4 ,x is     
always ! "* :i* ultimately decides4 ,"* 
c make ! radical !ori/ a moral p>agon & 
! pill> ( society re/+ ^u cons]vative   
gr\nd a re$ ( passion2 x c make !       
advocate ( egoism sublimely devot$ & !  
apo/le ( ,*ri/ianity deeply egoi/ic 9 8 
love4  ,s _m m51 s _m s\ls2 s _m s\ls1 s
 _m de/9ies4 ,& to wi% to apply to ?is  
:ole1 complex1 manifold1 incalculable   
erotic life1 ) its unfa?omable dep?s1 an
 immutable e?ical /&>d1 :5 judg+ !      
relation%ip betwe5 man & woman1 & to    
make ?is /&>d decisive also = ! e?ical  
value ( ! p]sonality 9 o!r respects--is 
q z naive z ! attempt ( a *ild to draw  
up 9 8 little bucket ! wond]ful dep? ( !
 va/ /orm-driv5 sea4  ,love1 z life1 w  
=tunately rema9 an et]nal my/]y :i* no  
sci5ce w be able to p5etrate & :i*      
reason _c rule4 ,our only hope = !      

future is t man1 end[$ ) a m delicate   
s5se1 w li/5 to ! secrets ( 8 own life4 
,a m highly develop$ & diff]5tiat$ s\l  
life w give him a sur] in/9ct or a ke5] 
p[] ( analysis :i* w prev5t him f       
conf\nd+ a pass+ s5tim5t ( sympa?y1 ne$ 
( t5d]ness or satisfaction ( vanity ) a 
love :i* decides exi/5ce4 ,n[1 on !     
contr>y1 _m believe t a wave (          
admiration1 ( gratitude1 or ( pity is ! 
:ole sea2 t ! reflection ( ! fire (     
ano!r is ! holy fire itself6  ,no "o c )
 c]ta9ty pr$ict ! f9al result ( ! pr(\nd
 revolution ( ! feel+ & ( ! cu/oms :i*  
is n[ tak+ place4 ,b "o ?+ appe>s c]ta93
 ! dang] to ! future ( mank9d c sc>cely 
be t ! new ideal w result 9 g5]al       
lic5se4 ,r x w lead to s individual1    
diff]5tiat$ & ref9$ love t erotic       
happ9ess w be increas+ly difficult to   
f9d & ! ideali/s ( love w m frequ5tly   
pref] celibacy to a compromise ) _!     
great] dem&s = sympa!tic love4  ,!      
occasional exp]i5ce1 (t5 only ! dream ( 
su* a love1 s5sible to ! f9e/ %ades ( ! 

s\l1 to ! mo/ delicate vibrations ( !   
s5ses--( a love :i* is an all           
compreh5sive t5d]ness1 an all embrac+   
intimacy--has already rais$ ! erotic    
dem&s & ! erotic exi/5ce ( ?\s&s ( m5 & 
wom5 to a sph]e ( m inf9ite long+1 m    
f]vid *a/ity ?an t ( _! contempor>ies4  
,x is ?is exp]i5ce or ?is dream :i* has 
already begun to assume =m 9 ! art &    
lit]ature ( ! pres5t "t4 ,x is true !   
extreme discord betwe5 ! peculi> "* (   
man & ( woman has long be5 ! favorite   
!me1 especially 9 mod]n lit]ature4 ,b   
among ! wild1 discordant tones a new    
leitmotiv res\nds :i* w swell & rise &  
fill ! void ) a h>mony1 /ill b fa9tly   
div9$4  ,"o ( ! conditions t ?is h>mony 
become z p]fect z possible is t woman 9 
life z 9 lit]ature %all beg9 to be m    
hone/ & man m eag] to li/5 :5 %e reveals
 to him some?+ ( h] own nature4 ,m5 h   
desir$ & ju/ly t wom5 %\ld le>n f _!    
confessions 9 reg>d to ! conflict betwe5
 man & woman4 ,b woman because ( !      
conv5tional conception ( womanly purity 

has be5 intimidat$ f conc$+ to man a    
deep insight into h] erotic life        
exp]i5ces4  ,only :5 wom5 beg9 to tell !
 tru? ab\t !mselves w lit]ature         
univ]sally illum9ate ! /ill unkn[n dep?s
 ( woman's erotic temp]am5t4 ,to !      
pres5t "t x has be5 almo/ exclusively m5
 poets :o h made revelations ab\t wom54 
,! ne>] ^! poets h approa*$ life1 ! m   
surely h !y se5 ! highe/ expression ( ! 
et]nal fem99e z ! great wom5 poets also 
saw x3 9 erotic love & 9 "m love4 ,& x 0
 ! complet5ess ( h] consecration :i* 0 9
 _! eyes a woman's supreme *a/ity4  ,x  
is ! great poets :o h taught & h cont9u$
 to tea* y\? to rev]e ! all p[]ful      
,eros4  ,?is is ! only morality :i* has 
a future4 ,only by con=m+ to ?is %all we
 gradually succe$ 9 prev5t+ ! erotic    
feel+ f appe>+ sometimes z a brutal     
in/9ct or m>riage f be+ f\nd$ ^u a      
fleet+ attraction4  ,an ideal ( negative
 purity--ev5 inc>nat$ 9 ! p]son (       
,jesus--_c inflame y\? & !re=e _c 9 !   
long run protect him4 ,t alone :i* has !

 p[] n only to re/ra9 b also to trans=m 
! brutal in/9ct is a conception ( !     
exi/5ce ( a high] feel+ :i* belongs to !
 same sph]e ( life z ! in/9ct itself4   
,to burn ! ideal ( a great love into !  
s\l ( y\? 9 lett]s ( fire--t is to give 
him a real moral /r5g?4 ,?us !re spr+s  
up 9 man ! in]adicable1 inv9cible in/9ct
 t an erotic relation c exi/ only z !   
expression ( a reciprocal all           
compreh5sive love4 ,?us w y\? le>n to   
consid] ! love-m>riage z ! c5tral life  
relation1 ! c5t] ( life1 & he w be      
inflam$ ) ! desire to develop & to      
cons]ve body & s\l = ! entrance into ?is
 mo/ holy ?+ 9 nature1 :]e9 man & woman 
f9d _! happ9ess 9 creat+ a new race =   
happ9ess4 ,?us w "y m5 & wom5 9 increas+
 numb]s und]/& t _! own happ9ess1 z well
 z t ( ! com+ g5]ation w be ! great] ! m
 completely !y c give _! p]sonality to  
love4 ,boys & girls1 "y m5 & maid5s1 m5 
& wom5 by co$ucation1 by jo9t labor &   
comrade%ip w develop 9 "o ano!r t mutual
 und]/&+ :i* w remove ! enmity betwe5 ! 

sexes1 9 :i* mod]n individualization--& 
! !re) increas+ dem&s ( !               
p]sonality--has s f> f\nd its           
expression4  ,! usages ( individual     
homes w be diff]5tiat$1 in/ead ( z n[   
ma9ta9+ ! same conv5tional =ms = all    
families4 ,aft] "s g5]ations s educat$1 
"u ! influ5ce ( relation%ips ?us        
arrang$1 we %all see m>riages su* z ev5 
n[ n a few are se51 9 :i* n obs]vation (
 a duty b lib]ty itself is ! pl$ge t    
assures fidelity4 ,!n w love be *]i%$ z 
! mo/ delicate1 mo/ preci\s ?+ 9 life2  
!n w egoism & unselfi%ness atta9 a      
p]fect h>mony1 because ! husb& & wife   
f9d happ9ess only 9 assur+ ! happ9ess ( 
! o!r4 ,t is ! union :i* ! ,norwegian   
poet def9es :5 he calls true m>riage a  
ye>n+ que/ aft] ea* o!r1 an en]getic    
cultivation1 ass]tion ( ! p]sonality1 9 
ord] to be able to give "o's p]sonality2
 an ev] increas+ intimacy ( und]/&+ (   
ea* o!r2 a union :i* ! :ole c\rse ( life
 w make m pr(\nd4  ,s prep>$1 ! absolute
 human ideal w become p]haps a liv+     

reality2 n z an isolat$ man1 n z an     
isolat$ woman1 b z a man & a woman :o   
%all give to mank9d a new religion--t ( 
happ9ess4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,_m inde$ /ill d\bt t      
m>riage c become ?is highe/ =m ( exi/5ce
 9 life1 9 :i* ! surr5d] ( ! ego & !    
self-seek+ ( ! ego rea* a p]fect h>mony4
 ,x is ass]t$ t ?is ideal condition c be
 atta9$ p]haps by exceptional p1 b nev] 
by ord9>y p1 & t ! morality ( ! latt] c 
be kept s\nd only by legal & social     
re/ra9t4  ,my belief1 h[ev]1 is t1 j z !
 ,*ildr5 ( ,israel foll[$ ! pill> (     
fire1 s ord9>y m5 foll[ at a di/ance    
exceptional m51 & 9 ?is way mank9d z a  
:ole advances4 ,ord9>y m5 are j n[      
det]m9$ ^u c]ta9 conceptions :i* at !   
end ( ! previ\s c5tury 7 n conclusive   
ev5 = exceptional p4 ,! m>riage (       
reason1 = example1 is already consid]$  
ignoble by _m4 ,! au?ority ( ! p>5ts is 
v seldom 9 evid5ce ei!r to co]ce !      
*ildr5 into a m>riage )\t love or to    
re/ra9 !m f x4 ,ev5 ! sup]ficial erotic 

emotion ( our day is s]i\s 9 comp>ison )
 ! %all[ & frivol\s or vulg> & cruel    
gallantry ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,9 !     
geological deposits ( legislation & /ill
 m 9 ^? ( lit]ature we c /udy ^! ris+s (
 ! levels ( ! erotic s5tim5ts4 ,s we are
 !reby conv9c$ t ! dem&s & conflicts ( !
 exceptional m5 become gradually ^? ( ! 
ord9>y m5 also1 ev5 ?\gh ! ord9>y m5 are
 always "s g5]ations beh9d ! m5 :o are  
/irr$ by new emotions1 new conflicts1 :5
 ! _m h rea*$ ! problems :i* "s decades 
be=e occupi$ only ! few4  ,c]ta9ly x    
may1 "u pres5t imp]fect conditions1 (t5 
be a duty n to de/roy ! outw>d =m (     
m>riage = ! sake ( ! *ildr54 ,b by no   
means c ?is duty be prea*$ z univ]sally 
b9d+4 ,only ! individual himself c 9 ea*
 sep>ate case det]m9e ! dissolution be/1
 bo? = ! *ildr5 & = ! m>ri$ c\ple       
!mselves1 ( a m>riage :i* has fall5     
asund] )94 ,:5 we consid] ! developm5t 9
 its entirety1 ! soon] p cease to       
sanction ! pres5t m>riage ! m =tunate x 
w be2 = ! soon] w ! trans=mation be =c$ 

^u u by :i* m>riage w ma9ta9 its        
p]man5ce only f )94 ,only !n w man be   
:olly able to h ! exp]i5ces & to f9d !  
new1 delicate means by :i* fidelity c be
 /r5g!n$ & happ9ess assur$4 ,b man w n  
seek ?is exp$i5t s long z he c rely ^u !
 p[] ( legal "r & social op9ion to hold 
toge!r t :i* love does n unify4  ,! ev] 
increas+ individualization ( love       
indicates t mono-m>riage w d\btless     
rema9 ! =m ( erotic union betwe5 man &  
woman4 ,b ?is rule w h1 9 ! future1 z 9 
! pa/1 _m exceptions1 s9ce ! feel+s c   
*ange4 ,! conflicts :i* w ?us arise w   
br+ suff]+ z a consequ5ce1 b n !        
bitt]ness nor ! cont5tion :i* ! prop]ty 
s5se 9 m>riage n[ s (t5 occasions4 ,!   
deep consci\sness t love belongs n to ! 
sph]e ( duty b only to t ( fre$om w     
cause ! "o :o has lo/ ! love ( ! o!r to 
feel ! same resignation be=e !          
inevitable1 z if he 7 sep>at$ f ! o!r by
 dea?4  ,& 9 cases :]e ! individual is n
 capable ( ?is resignation1 !n ! law z  
well z cu/om %all make x impossible = ! 

"o to hold back ! o!r aga9/ 8 w4 ,ea* ( 
! twa9 %all be ma/] ( 8 own p]son & ( 8 
prop]ty1 ( 8 "w & ( 8 mode ( life2 !    
union %all 9 ea* especial case be       
arrang$ by ! agreem5t ( ! individuals1 &
 ! law %all decide only ! rights &      
duties ( ! husb& & wife 9 reg>d to !    
*ildr54  ,:5 9 ?is way x %all come to   
pass t nei!r ! husb& nor wife %all h 9  
outw>d s5se1 9 ext]nal ?+s1 any?+ to ga9
 or to lose by ! consummation or        
dissolution ( m>riage1 !n only ! erotic 
problem appe>s 9 all its s]i\sness4  ,_m
 mi/akes1 _m c>icatures1 _m tragic      
failures w naturally be ! result (      
fre$om4 ,great waves h great comb]s4 ,a 
new pr9ciple _c be put into effect )\t  
br++ ) x new mi/akes4 ,b we may1 h[ev]1 
be conv9c$ t ! laws ( life--to :i*      
belongs ! law t suff]+ foll[s ! misuse (
 fre$om--w f9ally be able to br+ ev]y?+ 
)9 its "r limits4 ,no?+ inde$ has       
occasion$ m suff]+ z an indirect        
consequ5ce ?an ,*ri/ianity1 & al?\gh    
,jesus knew t1 yet he did n hesitate to 

give to mank9d ?is new creative =ce :i* 
de/roy$ 9 ord] to create4 ,b x is above 
all ,8 ideality :i* ,8 pres5t foll[]s   
lack1 ! great ideality :i* d>es to      
believe 9 ! might ( ! _s r ?an t ( ! =m4
  ,x is1 !re=e1 q natural t ^!          
,*ri/ians1 ! uphold]s ( society1 oppose 
! new ideal ( morality ) va9            
appreh5sions4 ,!y believe t a woman ^:  
consci\s aim is ,self-ass]tion 9        
self-surr5d] w =feit ! imm$iate1 fre%   
orig9ality 9 ?is surr5d]4 ,!y believe   
m>riage mu/ be de/roy$ :5 ! support (   
its developm5t is no long] bond &       
injunction1 b is its own vital =ce4 ,!y 
believe morality w lose 9 ! /ruggle if  
y\? le>ns to consid] ! love betwe5 man &
 woman z ! c5tral condition ( life4 ,^!1
 & a hundr$ simil> appreh5sions h all "o
 & ! same s\rce4  ,?is s\rce is !       
,*ri/ian conception ( life :i* has      
displac$ ! great1 s\nd1 /rong conviction
 ( antiquity ( ! hol9ess ( nature4 ,m>y 
0 ! ,virg9 ,"m2 ,jesus1 celibate4 ,paul 
reg>d$ m>riage z ! less] ( two evils4   

,?us man fir/ le>n$ to reg>d ! unm>ri$  
/ate z ! high] & ! m>ri$ z ! l[] /ate4  
,! result ( ! ,*ri/ian conception ( life
 !n 0 t ! sex relation 0 reg>d$ 9 & =   
itself z unholy1 human nature 9 & =     
itself z base & ! e>?ly dem& = happ9ess 
z ! greate/ egotism4  ,!re=e ! ,*ri/ian 
conception ( life is n[1 s9ce x has     
accompli%$ its great task ( culture1 !  
developm5t ( altruism--an ob/acle to !  
unifi$ conception out ( :i* ! happ9ess (
 mank9d w f9ally develop4  ,no "o :o    
?9ks or feels deeply dreams t ?is       
happ9ess c be easily a*iev$4 ,! consi/5t
 belief ( monism 9 human nature c only  
gradually leav5 life4 ,& until !n suff]+
 w be = ! majority ! fir/ result (      
fre$om4 ,ev5 = ! few1 to :om !          
relation%ips h already giv5 happ9ess1   
mu/ ?is be incomplete 9 ! measure 9 :i* 
!y feel sympa?y ) all ! suff]+ ab\t !m4 
,b above all is happ9ess r>e because !  
g5ius = happ9ess is /ill s r>e1 is inde$
 on ! :ole ! r>e/ g5ius4 ,to possess x  
means to approa* life ) ! humility ( a  

begg>1 b to treat x ) ! pr\d g5]osity ( 
a pr9ce2 to br+ to its totality ! deep  
und]/&+ ( a great poet & to ea* ( its   
mom5ts ! ab&onm5t & +5u\sness ( a *ild2 
x means to be able to enjoy :olly ea*   
pres5t1 imm$iate1 joy & yet to be able  
to give up ! incid5tal joy = ! endur+   
"o4  ,happ9ess lies s f> f man2 b he mu/
 beg9 by d>+ to w x4 ,x is ?is c\rage   
:i* ,*ri/ianity broke d[n :5 x direct$ !
 s\l f ! e>? to et]nity & gave to       
r5unciation ! highe/ place among e?ical 
values4 ,?r\gh ! ,revaluation ( all     
,values1 :i* is n[ go+ on1 happ9ess w   
receive ?is ,place4  ,he :o cont5ds = ! 
deepe/ ( all ideas1 ,sp9osa's idea1 t   
,joy is p]fection1 cont5ds ) c]ta9ty (  
victory1 h[ev] solit>y he may /&1 h[ev] 
mu* ( 8 he>t's blood may be %$ 9 !      
/rife4  ,we live /ill 9 our inmo/ s\l   
only by t = :i* we die4 ,& all = :i* we 
h di$ w live :5 ! "t %all come 9 :i* all
 we ourselves h suff]$ signifies no?+ = 
u1 yet t = :i* we h suff]$ signifies    
ev]y?+ = o!rs4     ,,! ,,woman ,,( ,,!  

,,future   ,!re are phrases :i* *>m l a 
song1 & "o ( ^! phrases is3 ,! ,woman ( 
! ,future4  ,?is s+s = me 9 ! v]se ( a  
poet & a se]1 ^: "n n[ %9es ) ! radiance
 ( ! morn+ />1 al?\gh dur+ 8 lifetime x 
0 sulli$ ) defamation z t ( an a!i/ &   
de/roy] ( society--because ! lum9\s pa? 
( 8 ?\ghts appe>$ to ! prejudices ( 8   
contempor>ies z a bl9d+ fla% ( lightn+4 
,8 poet's vision reveal$ to him a new "t
 9 :i* wom5 w\ld be    444 frank1       
beautiful & k9d   ,z ! free heav51 :i*  
ra9s fre% light & dew   ,on ! wide e>?  
,f cu/om's evil ta9t exempt & pure2     
,speak+ ! wisdom once !y c\ld n ?9k1    
,look+ emotions once !y fe>$ to feel1   
,& *ang$ to all :i* once !y d>$ n be    
,yet be+ n[1 made e>? l heav54  ,?is    
beautiful pr(ile ( ! woman ( ! future1  
:i* ,%elley has trac$1 floats be=e me :5
 ,i attempt "h to draw h] portrait 9 m  
precise outl9es4         99       99    
99       99       99  ,! /orm & /ress   
p]iod ( woman & ! new social &          
psy*ological =mations !reby entail$ mu/1

 inde$1 ext5d f> into ! tw5tie? c5tury4 
,?is p]iod ( conflict w cease only :5   
woman )9 & out ( m>riage %all h receiv$ 
legal equality ) man4 ,x w cease :5 su* 
a trans=mation ( society %all h come to 
pass t ! pres5t rivalry betwe5 ! sexes  
%all be end$ 9 a mann] advantage\s to   
bo? & :5 f9ally ! "w ( e>n+ a livelihood
 z well z c>e ( ! h\sehold %all h       
receiv$ su* =m t x w weigh less heavily 
?an n[ ^u ! woman4  ,t[>d ! end ( !     
tw5tie? c5tury only c\ld ! type ( !     
n9ete5? c5tury woman h rea*$ its        
culm9ation & a new type ( woman beg9 to 
appe>4  ,my ideal picture ( ! woman ( ! 
future1 & :5 "o pa9ts an ideal "o does n
 ne$ to limit "o's imag9ation1 is t %e w
 be a be+ ( pr(\nd contra/s :i* h atta9$
 h>mony4 ,%e w appe> z a great          
multiplicity & a complete unity2 a ri*  
pl5itude & a p]fect simplicity2 a       
?or\ghly educat$ creature ( culture & an
 orig9al spontane\s nature2 a /rongly   
m>k$ human individuality & a complete   
manife/ation ( mo/ pr(\nd womanl9ess4   

,?is woman w und]/& ! _s ( a sci5tific  
"w1 ( an exact se>* aft] tru?1 ( free1  
indep5d5t ?\ght1 ( arti/ic creation4 ,%e
 w compreh5d ! necessity ( ! laws (     
nature & ( ! progress ( evolution2 %e w 
possess ! feel+ ( solid>ity & reg>d = ! 
int]e/s ( society4 ,because %e w "k m & 
?9k m cle>ly ?an ! woman ( ! pres5t1 %e 
w be m j2 because %e w be /rong]1 %e w  
be bett]2 because %e w be wis]1 %e w be 
also m g5tle4 ,%e w be able to see ?+s 9
 ! ensemble & 9 _! connection ) ea* o!r2
 %e w lose !reby c]ta9 prejudices :i*   
are /ill call$ virtues4 ,nev]!less %e w 
rema9 ! "o :o =ms cu/oms4 ,b %e w n seek
 h] support 9 social conv5tion2 %e w f9d
 x 9 ! laws ( h] own be+4 ,%e w h !     
c\rage to ?9k h] own ?\ghts & to        
inve/igate ! new ?\ghts ( h] "t4 ,%e w  
d>e to exp]i5ce & to ackn[l$ge feel+s   
:i* %e n[ suppresses or conceals4 ,h]   
full lib]ty ( action & ! complete       
developm5t ( h] p]sonality w r5d]       
possible intrepid ef=ts = life1 an      
en]getic /riv+ aft] an exi/5ce :i* %all 

con=m to h] own ego4 ,& su* an exi/5ce  
%e w be able also to f9d ) sur] in/9ct  
?an n[4 ,%e w und]/& h[ to "w ) m       
int5sity1 to re/ ) m int5sity & ) m     
int5sity to delight 9 all imm$iate1     
simple s\rces ( joy ?an ! woman ( !     
pres5t is able to d4 ,?us 9 ! new woman 
! feel+ ( life w be enhanc$1 h] exp]i5ce
 w be m pr(\nd2 h] s\l life1 h] dem&s = 
beauty1 h] s5ses w be m develop$ &      
ref9$4 ,%e w be m s5sitive1 m delicately
 vibratory2 %e w !re=e be able to be m  
pr(\ndly happy & also to suff] m ke5ly  
?an ! woman ( our "t4  ,?us ! woman ( ! 
tw5tie? c5tury w give new value to !    
life ( society & to art1 to sci5ce & to 
lit]ature4 ,b h] greate/ cultural       
significance rema9s1 h[ev]1 by means ( !
 enigmatic1 ! in/9ctive1 ! intuitive & !
 impulsive 9 h] own be+ to protect      
mank9d f ! dang]s ( excessive culture4  
,9 face ( k %e w ma9ta9 ! rights ( !    
unkn[able2 9 face ( logic1 feel+2 9 face
 ( reality1 possibilities2 & 9 face (   
analysis1 intuition4 ,woman w above all 

fur!r ! gr[? ( ! s\l1 man t ( !         
intellig5ce2 %e w ext5d ! sph]e (       
intuition1 he t ( reason2 %e w realize  
t5d]ness1 he ju/ice2 %e w triumph by    
audacity1 he by c\rage4  ,! woman ( !   
future w n only h le>n$ mu*1 %e w also h
 =gott5 mu*--especially ! fem99e z well 
z anti-fem99e follies ( ! pres5t "t4  ,)
 h] :ole be+ %e w desire ! happ9ess (   
love4 ,%e w be *a/e1 n because %e is    
cold1 b because %e is passionate4 ,%e w 
be res]v$1 n because %e is bloodless b  
because %e is full blood$4 ,%e w be     
s\lful & !re=e %e w be s5su\s2 %e w be  
pr\d & !re=e %e w be true4 ,%e w dem& a 
great love1 because %e h]self c give a  
/ill great]4 ,! erotic problem1 because 
( h] ref9$ idealism1 w be extremely     
complicat$ & (t5 almo/ insoluble4 ,!re=e
 ! happ9ess :i* %e w give & exp]i5ce w  
be ri*]1 m pr(\nd & endur+ ?an any?+ :i*
 up to ! pres5t "t has be5 call$        
happ9ess4 ,_m traits :i* belong to !    
wife & "m ( today w probably be lack+ 9 
! woman ( ! future4 ,%e w rema9 always !

 belov$1 ! swee!>t1 & only s w %e become
 a "m4 ,%e w devote h] f9e/ & /ronge/   
=ces to ! difficult & beautiful art (   
be+ at ! same "t ! belov$ & ! "m2 h]    
religi\s cult w be to create ! supreme  
happ9ess ( life4 ,because %e w "k &     
value ! psy*ical & physical conditions (
 heal? & beauty %e w *oose ! fa!r ( h]  
*ildr5 ) cle>] vision & deep] feel+ (   
responsibility ?an at pres5t2 %e w be> &
 re> s\nd & beautiful be+s & %e h]self w
 possess great] attraction & long] y\?  
?an ! woman ( ! pres5t4 ,%e w *>m all h]
 life1 because %e w always beautify     
exi/5ce4 ,b %e w please only because1 at
 e age1 %e w be :olly h]self2 & h]      
imp]i%able y\?1 h] mo/ p]fect beauty1 %e
 w reveal solely to him :om %e loves4   
,%e w "k t ! *>m ( ! s\l is ! mo/       
pr(\nd2 & out ( ! pl5itude ( h] be+ %e w
 create ! et]nal r5ewal ( ?is *>m1      
always unexpect$ & 9 inf9itely nuanc$   
expressions ( h] p]sonal grace4 ,by h]  
m]e pres5ce %e w remove ! con/ra9t ( =m 
& cu/om & w create v>y+ expressions1    

elevat$ by h] own nobility1 = ! family  
life1 ! public life & = society4 ,%e w  
probably speak less ?an ! woman ( !     
pres5t "t1 b h] sil5ce & h] smile w be m
 eloqu5t4 ,%e w give h]self always      
directly & always ) mod]ation1 diff]5t &
 always con/ant1 spontane\s & always    
exquisite4 ,h] be+ w p\r =?1 brimm+ free
 & fre%1 l ! surge ( ! m\nta9 torr5t1 b 
l ?is1 dom9at$ by a c]ta9 inn] rhy?m4   
,h[ev] f> %e all[s h]self to g--9 ec/asy
 ( joy1 9 passion ( t5d]ness1 9 delirium
 ( happ9ess or 9 ! fr5zy ( grief--yet %e
 w nev] lose h]self4 ,%e w be a         
multiplicity ( wom5 & yet always "o1    
:e!r %e plays & smiles or suff]s &      
smiles2 :e!r %e beams ) heal? or ble$s )
 mortal w\nds2 :e!r %e be imbu$ ) &     
radiate repose or n]v\s int5sity1 joy or
 te>s1 sun or night1 coolness or ardor4 
,! woman ( ! future exi/s already 9     
man's dreams ( wom51 & woman fa%ions    
h]self accord+ to ! dreams ( man4 ,!    
mod]n man's ideal ( woman is n !        
mascul9e woman1 b ! revelation ( !      

et]nal fem99e develop$ 9 all directions4
 ,?is new type ( woman has already      
gleam$ =? "h & !re1 n only 9 our "t b 9 
c5turies pass$4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages %e   
wrote ! lett]s ( ,heloise2 9 !          
,r5aissance1 ,leon>do pa9t$ h] z ,mona  
,lisa2 & 9 ! eighte5? c5tury %e held !  
salon ( ,mlle4 ,lesp9asse4 ,9 our c5tury
 %e wrote ! love sonnets ( ,elizabe?    
,b>rett ,br[n+2 %e appe>$ ^u ! /age z   
,eleonora ,duse--& z 9 a preci\s /one h]
 be+ is cry/alliz$ by ! poet's words )  
:i* ,rahel's p]sonality 0 epitomiz$3    
calm yet emotionally vivid4,b    ,b     
,footnote f ,fr5* translation3--,!      
ref]5ce "h is to       ,rahel de        
,v>nhag54 ,! citation is tak5 f !       
,hyp]ion       ( ,hold]l91 a ,g]man poet
 ( :om m5tion is made apropos       (   
,nietzs*e1 ^u :om he _h great influ5ce4 
,,! ,,conv5tional ,,woman               
,conv5tionality is ! tacit agreem5t to  
set appe>ance be=e reality1 =m be=e     
cont5t1 subord9ation be=e pr9cipal4 ,its
 field 9 c]ta9 measure is vogue *ang+   

accord+ to ! idea ( beauty ( ea* new    
season4 ,9 deep] s5se1 h[ev]1 a "p ( !  
sph]e ( conv5tionality co9cides always )
 t ( law & cu/om1 & ) ! conception ( !  
am\nt ( self-control & self-sacrifice   
:i* e individual mu/ impose ^u himself =
 ! common life ) o!rs4 ,! fur!r !       
evolution ( humanity advances1 ! few]   
are ! fields to :i* ! p[] ( society ov] 
! ?\ght1 belief1 mode ( life & mann] (  
"w ( ! individual is re/rict$4 ,m & m   
preval5t becomes ! conviction t all ^?  
=ms ( expression ( ! individual :i* d n 
int]f]e ) ! rights ( o!rs mu/ be free4  
,a great "p ( ! "w ( culture ( ea* new  
g5]ation has consi/$ & /ill consi/s 9   
cle>+ away great masses ( conceptions ( 
"r dri$ up into conv5tionalism1 dead    
rubbi% :i* prev5ts ! new g]ms f spr\t+4 
,9 e p]iod /rong voices are he>d :i*    
desire fre$om f ! prevail+ cu/oms1 & "r 
( *oice = ! individual consci5ce &      
temp]am5t4 ,9 ?is ev]-cont9u\s /ruggle x
 is important to di/+ui% :at are really 
/ill liv+ conceptions ( "r f factiti\s  

conceptions1 :i* =m only a conv5tional  
ob/acle to a m beautiful fre$om1 a deep]
 tru?1 a great] orig9ality1 a ri*] life 
cont5t4  ,yet x is n only old           
conv5tionalism :i* ne$s to be root$ out4
 ,9 e faction1 9 e social circle are    
soon =m$ lifeless collections (         
prejudices1 paltry motives1 dep5d5t     
cu/oms4 ,x is always ! wom5 among :om   
conv5tionalism rea*es its acme4 ,=      
cons]vatism1 t deep significant in/9ct (
 woman1 becomes also (t5 a prop (       
conv5tionality4 ,wom5 are z yet seldom  
suffici5tly develop$ p]sonally to       
di/+ui%1 9 t :i* !y wi% to *]i%1 !      
appe>ance f ! reality1 ! =m f ! cont5t2 
or if !y d di/+ui%1 !y h z yet r>ely !  
c\rage to *oose ! cont5t & reality if ! 
majority h decl>$ = =m & appe>ance6  ,9 
! lit]ature ( ! la/ t5 ye>s & 9 "p also 
among wom5 !re prevails1 h[ev]1 a /rong 
opposition to conv5tionality4 ,?is      
opposition has be5 direct$ especially   
aga9/ ! ar*aic ideal ( woman1 accord+ to
 :i* r5unciation is /ill consid]$ !     

highe/ attribute ( woman2 & aga9/ !     
antiquat$ conception ( morality :i*     
reg>d$ love )\t m>riage z immoral1 b any
 m>riage1 ev5 )\t love1 z moral4  ,!    
wom5 :o adopt$ ! new ideal--:i* a       
,norwegian poet /rik+ly def9$ z         
,self-ass]tion 9 self-surr5d]4          
,affirmation ( self 9 giv+ (            
self--enc\nt] n[ on ! "p ( ! mod]n      
woman's-rights advocates ! same k9d (   
conv5tional objection z 9 ! fifties &   
sixties 0 direct$ aga9/ ! !n new ideal (
 ! e>li] woman movem5t4  ,! old]        
emancipation movem5t advanc$ along !    
fir/ l9e 9 ! ef=t to e/abli% ! "r (     
woman z a human be+2 t is1 to give to   
woman ! same rights z to man4 ,! pres5t 
movem5t purposes to ass]t ! "r ( woman z
 an individuality2 ! absolute "r to     
believe1 to feel1 to ?9k & to act 9 h]  
own way1 if x does n int]f]e ) ! rights 
( o!rs4 ,s9ce ! fir/ end 0 a g5]al "o1 !
 movem5t c\ld 9 great "p be made        
effective by collective "w 9 atta9+ t   
end2 ! exposition ( ! indep5d5ce ( !    

individuality ( woman1 on ! contr>y1 mu/
 be ! p]sonal conc]n ( ea* s+le         
individual4 ,?is ^? wom5 d n und]/& :o  
/ill are work+ ev] = ! fir/ end--!      
rights ( woman z a human be+4 ,!y d n   
und]/& t e woman mu/ receive1 n m]ely h]
 univ]sal rights1 z a memb] ( ! body    
politic1 b also h] entire individual    
rights z ! possessor ( a def9ite        
p]sonality4 ,! "r to e/abli% an ego     
indep5d5t (1 & p]haps entirely at       
v>iance )1 !ories & ideals is at he>t ! 
po9t ( /ruggle betwe5 ! "o or ! o!r     
individual woman & ! wom5 repres5tatives
 ( ! e>li] era ( ! woman "q4  ,!        
discov]y t ea* p]sonality is a new      
_w--:i* 9 ,%akespe>e f\nd its ,columbus1
 a ,columbus aft] :om new m>9]s         
imm$iately und]took new conque/s--?is   
discov]y ( lit]ature has z yet only     
p>tially p5etrat$ ! univ]sal            
consci\sness1 z a tru? ( exp]i5ce4 ,b ! 
fact t x has made a beg9n+1 t !         
conv5tional1 inflexible conception ( !  
nature ( man & ( ! problems result+     

!refrom is giv+ place to a relative &   
individual conception--?is is above all 
to be ascrib$ to ! ?9k]s & poets1 9 :om 
! conv5tional has its deadlie/ foe2 !   
recreative poets ^: *>act]i/ic is deep  
appreciation ( all primal =ces (        
exi/5ce1 ( all ess5tial elem5ts ( life4 
,= al?\gh conv5tionalism 9 ! =m ( ! e*o 
spr+s up also ar\nd g5ius1 yet !        
creative g5ius itself is always a prote/
 aga9/ conv5tionality 9 :i* any         
selfju/ifi$ life or art--conception has 
p]i%$4  ,! poet :o "h 9 ! ,nor? %att]$ )
 a bl[ ! ar*aic conv5tional ideal (     
woman :o sacrific$ h]self 9 all         
circum/ances1 0 ,ibs5 :5 he s5t ,nora   
out away f h] husb& & *ildr5 9 ord] to  
fulfill ! duties t[>d h]self2 :5 by     
means ( ,gho/s he et*$ into ! moral     
consci\sness ! idea t a woman's fidelity
 to h] own p]sonality is m significant =
 ! welf>e ( o!rs z well z ( h]self ?an  
h] fidelity to conv5tional conceptions (
 morality4  ,& ,ibs5 has always be5 !   
annunciator ( ! fre$om "u "o's own      

responsibility :i* is ! key to          
individualism4 ,long has man li/5$1 only
 9 "p has he und]/ood4 ,& no            
consci\sness is 9 ?is respect m         
h]metically seal$ ?an t ( c]ta9 woman's 
rights advocates6 ,t all wom5 %\ld h !  
same rights z m51 ?is is all t !y mean 9
 _! talk ab\t ! free+ ( ! woman's       
p]sonality4 ,!y =get t ! "r to be :at %e
 wi%es entails (t5 = ! woman1 z = ! man1
 ! obligation to suppress t :i* %e      
really is by nature & feel+4 ,!y =get t 
! p]sonality has deep] claims ?an ! "r  
to "w4 ,!y ov]look ! inf9ite v>iety (   
%ades ( feel+1 ?\ght & "* :i* caus$ !   
dem& ( solid>ity 9 op9ions & actions1   
among ! wom5 active 9 ! woman "q1 to    
deg5]ate into suppression ( woman's     
individuality4 ,c]ta9ly x is true t     
unit$ action is /ill necess>y 9 ord] t  
woman may obta9 ! rights :i* %e /ill    
lacks4 ,b all compulsory mobiliz$ action
 is "h m dang]\s ?an else:]e2 because = 
! advance ( ! woman "q 9 ! deepe/ s5se x
 is ess5tial precisely t ! diff]5t      

fem99e individualities %[ _! useful     
faculties z freely z possible 9 !       
diff]5t fields ( activity4  ,!          
conv5tionality :i* is a m5ace 9 ! woman 
"q betrays itself1 n only 9 exagg]at$   
dem&s = solid>ity1 b also 9 ! mode (    
treat+ ! objections ( ! opposition4 ,x  
reveals itself 9 ! lack ( compreh5sion (
 ! fact t ! woman "q1 p>ticul>ly 9 :at  
conc]ns ! labor field1 n[ int]sects on  
all sides ! pa? ( ! social "q4 ,x       
especially ev9ces itself 9 ! inability  
to und]/& h[ ! woman "q1 z x advances 9 
its evolution1 becomes m complex1 & h[  
!reby1 ev] great] difficulties arise 9  
tak+ an absolute position 9 ! que/ions  
connect$ ) x4  ,x is necess>y t woman's 
opportunities = culture be multipli$4 ,b
 d all ^! measures ( culture develop    
also ! p]sonality8 ,h we n met ! f9e/1  
mo/ orig9al1 mo/ *>m+ natures among     
unlett]$ dames ( sev5ty & eighty ye>s1  
or among su* wom5 z nev] _h a sy/ematic 
education8 ,x is "r t ! wages ( wom5    
%\ld be increas$2 b w ! labor value (   

wom5 increase 9 proportion8 ,c we ev5   
desire t ! majority ( ^! wom5 b5t ov] _!
 desks %all devote a live int]e/ to _!  
"w1 :5 _! sole ess5tial be+ w\ld fir/   
f9d expression only :5 b5t ov] a cradle8
 ,x is well also = girls ( weal? to wi% 
to h a vocation4 ,b is x also good if   
!y1 because !y c be satisfi$ ) a small] 
wage1 take away ! "w f poor girls & m51 
(t5 m compet5t1 :o h to live entirely by
 ! fruits ( _! "w1 & mu/ !re=e dem& l>g]
 wages8  ,s long z ^! & _m o!r que/ions 
rema9 unansw]$1 !re is today q z mu* t  
is conv5tional 9 rejoic+ unres]v$ly ov] 
! _m girls :o become /ud5ts or leave !  
home1 :]e !y are v mu* ne$$1 = outside  
"w1 z !re 0 9 our gr&mo!r's "t 9 wi%+ to
 limit ! prov9ce ( woman to ! kit*51 !  
nurs]y & ! draw+ room4  ,x is n yet kn[n
 :e!r woman1 ?r\gh ! competition =      
bread1 w develop physiologically &      
psy*ologically to great] heal? & h>mony4
 ,woman is a new subject = rese>*1 &    
only c5turies ( full fre$om 9 *oice (   
labor & 9 p]sonal developm5t c furni%   

mat]ial = well gr\nd$ conclusions4 ,_m  
signs1 h[ev]1 po9t to ?is3--t an        
ineffaceable1 deep-root$ psy*ological   
diff]5ce due to physical peculi>ities w 
always exi/ betwe5 man & woman1 :i*     
probably w always keep h] by pref]5ce   
active 9 ! sph]e ( ! family1 :ile he    
probably w rema9 active 9 o!r sph]es (  
culture4 ,b ) a p]fect equality ) man & 
a full p]sonal developm5t1 woman c h a  
significance = culture 9 its entirety & 
= ! direction ( society :i* we c /ill   
sc>cely div9e4  ,! conv5tional po9ts (  
view1 j m5tion$ 9 consid]+ ! woman "q1  
ret>d ! developm5t ( woman's            
individuality above all because !y      
ov]look ! div]sity ( nature & !         
complexity ( ! problem4 ,! conv5tional  
conception ( self-r5unciation z ! highe/
 expression ( womanhood is /ill         
cont9ually ! greate/ ob/acle to !       
a*ievem5t ( woman's p]sonality4 ,to be  
able to p]i% = a lov$ be+ ) joy is "o ( 
! beautiful inali5able priviliges (     
woman nature4 ,b by consid]+ ?is "u all 

circum/ances z ideal1 woman has ?us     
ret>d$ n only h] own developm5t b also t
 ( man4 ,if we comp>e m>riages ( old]   
g5]ations ) ^? ( ! y\ng]1 ! m5 ( ! latt]
 %[ great advance 9 reg>d to consid]ate 
t5d]ness & sympa!tic und]/&+ t[>d _!    
wives--wives :o h on ! o!r h& a p]sonal 
life m complete & ) o!r dem&s ?an =m]ly4
 ,bo? h ?us ga9$ s9ce wom5 h begun to   
practice ! self-r5unciation (           
self-ass]tion6 ,because = e             
self-sacrific+ woman nature x is        
inf9itely h>d] to take h] due ?an to    
sacrifice x4         99       99        
99       99       99  ,conv5tional      
womanhood w ev] h its /ronge/ support 9 
education4  ,! individuality ( a *ild is
 seldom repress$ 9 ! inconsid]ate &     
brutal mann] ( =m] times4 ,b by         
attrition x is effac$4 ,9 ! old5 times !
 *ildr5 enjoy$ a c]ta9 fre$om 9 ! nurs]y
 :]e ! expression ( life1 manife/ation (
 joy1 pleasure & displeasure1 sympa?y & 
antipa?y ( ! gr[+ p]sonality 0 n        
cont9ually mod]at$4 ,n[ ! *ildr5 are    

cont9ually ) ! p>5ts & ^! accu/om !m to 
a c]ta9 exact+ re/ra9t4 ,! *ildr5 wi% to
 be ent]ta9$2 !y _c play ( _! own       
initiative1 = !y lose ! desire t        
orig9ates 9 ! fre$om ( ! creative       
phantasy4 ,nei!r *ildr5 nor p>5ts       
possess !mselves 9 peace4 ,9 ! cont9ual 
association ! *ildr5 are worn out by    
comm&s s v>i$ & num]\s t ob$i5ce _c be  
ma9ta9$4 ,!y d n1 !re=e1 le>n !         
discipl9e necess>y = ! developm5t ( _!  
p]sonality--to subord9ate ! uness5tial  
life expressions to ! ess5tial & to     
dom9ate ev5 ov] ^! la/--a culture ( !   
fall[ *ild gr\nd :i* mu/ beg9 e>ly 9    
ord] to become a second nature4  ,& ?is 
happ5s only :5 ! educator kn[s cle>ly   
:at he w adh]e to z ess5tial 9 !        
developm5t ( ! *ild1 & :5 accord+ to t  
he e/abli%es 8 comm&s & prohibitions1   
:i* mu/ be few 9 numb] b z immutable z !
 laws ( nature1 & if violat$ mu/ br+ ^u 
! *ild1 n artificial puni%m5t1 b !      
inevitable results ( ! act itself4 ,s c 
man by fix$ practice =m ! *ild ( nature 

into a man ( culture1 :o out (          
consid]ation = himself & = o!rs curbs 8 
t5d5cies :i* are inimical to society1   
)\t1 h[ev]1 suppress+ 8 p]sonality4 ,=  
outside ! field ( immutable laws1 *ildr5
 ought n to be con/ra9$ or co]c$ aga9/  
_! nature & _! disposition1 aga9/ _!    
heal?y egoism & aga9/ _! especial ta/es4
  ,n[ _m mo!rs by _! own effacem5t (    
self develop an unju/ifi$ egoism ( !    
*ild1 b desire 9 o!r respects a         
self-control1 a circumspection1 a       
mod]ation & discretion su* z a :ole life
 has n ord9>ily be5 able to inculcate 9 
! "m h]self4 ,out ( ?is s(t clay1 :i* is
 mat]ial = an individuality1 p>5ts1     
s]vants & tea*]s mold a society be+1    
sometimes a social be+1 b nev] a human  
be+4  ,?is model+ is call$ education4 ,&
 a "p ( ! e>lie/ education mu/1 z ,i h j
 %[n1 truly consi/ 9 t ( mold+4 ,b aft] 
! fir/ ye>s ( life ! aim ( education    
%\ld be to prev5t all mold+ & on !      
contr>y to assure ! fre$om or developm5t
 ( ! s+le =ce :i*1 consid]$ 9 ! light ( 

! :ole1 makes x significant = mank9d t  
new g5]ations succe$ ^? :i* h           
disappe>$--! =ce ( a new p]sonality4  ,e
 *ild is a new _w1 a _w into :i* n ev5 !
 t5d]e/ love c :olly p5etrate4 ,h[ev]   
op5ly ! cle> eyes meet ours1 h[ev]      
confid+ly ! s(t h& is laid 9 ours1 ?is  
t5d] be+ w p]haps "o day deplore !      
suff]+ ( 8 *ildhood1 because we treat$  
him accord+ to ! assumption t *ildr5 are
 replicas1 n orig9als2 n new1 wond]ful  
p]sonalities4 ,x is true ! *ild 9 c]ta9 
measure is a repetition ( ! *ild nature 
( all times1 b at ! same "t1 & ?is 9 a  
f> high] degree1 an absolutely new      
syn!sis ( s\l qualities1 ) new          
possibilities = sorr[ & joy1 /r5g? &    
weakness4  ,?is new be+ w1 ^u 8 own     
responsibility1 at 8 own risk1 live ?is 
t]rify+ly e>ne/ life4 ,:at creative =ce1
 new inceptions1 he w be able to br+ to 
x2 :at ela/icity he w possess "u ! bl[s 
( de/9y1 :at p[] to give & to receive   
happ9ess--all dep5ds1 outside ( nature  
itself1 9 ess5tial degree ^u !          

educator's me?od ( treat+ ?is individual
 *ild nature4  ,goe! long ago lam5t$ t  
education aspir$ to make ,phili/9es out 
( p]sonalities4 ,& ?is is n[ mu* worse  
s9ce education has become p$agogical1   
)\t at ! same "t becom+ psy*ological4   
,only he :o treats ! feel+s1 w & rights 
( a *ild ) q ! same consid]ation z ^? ( 
a gr[n p]son1 & :o nev] all[s !         
p]sonality ( a *ild to feel o!r         
limitations ?an ^? ( nature itself1 or !
 consid]ation1 bas$ ^u good gr\nds1 = ! 
*ild's own welf>e or t ( o!rs--only he  
possesses ! fir/ requisite pr9ciple (   
real education4 ,education mu/ assur$ly 
be a lib]at+ ( ! p]sonality f !         
dom9ation ( its own passions4 ,b x mu/  
nev] /rive to ext]m9ate passion itself1 
:i* is ! inn]mo/ p[] ( ! p]sonality &   
:i* _c exi/ )\t ! coexi/+ dang] ( a     
correspond+ fault4 ,to subdue ! possible
 fault 9 ea* spiritual incl9ation by    
elicit+ ?r\gh love ! correspond+ good 9 
! same incl9ation--?is alone is         
individual education4 ,x is an extremely

 sl[ education1 9 :i* imm$iate int]f]5ce
 signifies little1 ! spiritual atmosph]e
 ( ! home1 its mode ( life & its ideals 
signify on ! contr>y almo/ ev]y?+4 ,!   
educator mu/ above all und]/& h[ to     
wait3 to reckon all effects 9 ! light ( 
! future1 n ( ! pres5t4  ,! educator    
believes (t5 t he sp>es ! *ild future   
suff]+ :5 he opposes 8 onesid$ness1 z x 
is call$4 ,he does n reflect t 9 ! ef=t 
to =ce ! *ild 9 a direction contr>y to t
 9 :i* 8 p]sonality ev9ces itself1 he   
m]ely succe$s 9 dim9i%+ 8 nature2 yes1  
(t5 m]ely 9 reta9+ ! weakness 9 !       
quality1 n ! correspond+ /r5g?6  ,b     
ord9>ily x is inde$ no su* pr9ciple1 b  
only ! old ?\ghtlessly ma9ta9$ ideal (  
self-r5unciation :i* is decisive4 ,we   
repress ! *ild's joy ( discov]y & *eck !
 _s ( ent]prise2 w\nd 8 extremely       
s5sitive s5se ( beauty2 ex]cise =ce ov] 
8 mo/ p]sonal possessions1 8 tok5s (    
t5d]ness2 combat 8 av]sions & qu5* 8    
en?usiasm4 ,amid su* attacks ^u _!      
individual be+1 _! feel+s & _!          

incl9ations mo/ *ildr51 b especially    
girls1 gr[ up4 ,x is !re=e n surpris+ t 
:5 gr[n !y seldom look back ^u _!       
*ildhood z a happy "t4  ,an int5se feel+
 ( life1 a s5se ( pl5itude1 entirety1 ( 
! complete developm5t ( ! p[]s ( !      
pot5tialities--?is con/itutes happ9ess4 
,*ildr5 h m possibilities ( happ9ess ?an
 adults1 = !y c exp]i5ce ?is feel+ ( joy
 ( life m undivid$ly & imm$iately4 ,!y  
%\ld utilize ^! possibilities ( happ9ess
 :ile ! p>5ts h p>tial p[] ov] _! life4 
,soon en\gh mu/ !y on _! own initiative 
attempt1 accompli%1 ble$2 & h]e9 no "o (
 all ! influ5ces ( education has ev5    
approximately ! significance ( ?is3 t ! 
individual be n ov]tra9$1 t he h /ill   
/r5g? en\gh to live4 ,t means3 to suff] 
8 own sorr[1 to enjoy 8 own happ9ess1 to
 p]=m 8 own "w1 to ?9k 8 own ?\ghts1 to 
be able to devote himself absolutely &  
entirely--! sole condition ( be+ able to
 "w1 to love & to die4  ,x is a deep    
psy*ological tru? t ! k+dom ( heav5     
belongs to ! *ildr54 ,= no "o atta9s !  

highe/ t life (f]s 9 any o!r way ?an by 
simplicity1 unworldl9ess & ! p[] (      
devot+ 8 :ole be+ )\t res]ve to 8       
object4 ,?is is ! /r5g? ( ! *ild nature4
 ,if a "m by education has pres]v$ ?is  
holy /r5g? & develop$ x to a consci\s   
p[]1 !n %e has giv5 to mank9d n only a  
new be+ b a new p]sonality4  ,b !       
education 9 ! family1 j z 9 ! s*ool1 is 
t5d+ 9 ! opposite direction4 ,!         
de/ruction ( ! p]sonality is !re=e !    
great evil ( ! "t4         99       99  
99       99       99  ,yet man is       
=tunately a vigor\s organism4 ,& ^?1 ^: 
p]sonality has be5 b[$ or repress$ by   
education1 c\ld raise !mselves aga9 &   
create fre$om = _! developm5t if !y 7   
aw>e ( ! value ( ?is fre$om4  ,few be+s 
& s likewise few wom5 c be exceptional4 
,b if only a few are de/9$ = a great    
p]sonality1 yet nev]!less mo/ c1 9 spite
 ( ! errors ( education1 develop a c]ta9
 degree ( p]sonality1 if !y are deeply1 
e>ne/ly conc]n$ 9 x4  ,= ev]y?+ is      
int]relat$4 ,no "o lives unpuni%$ by a  

second h&4 ,we _c advance intellectually
 by borr[+1 )\t becom+ also morally less
 scrupul\s4 ,we are today unju/ to a    
book1 a picture1 a drama1 because we    
pron\nce judgm5t ^u x accord+ to ! words
 ( o!rs1 or because we d n d>e to %[ !  
pleasure x gives u1 9 case ! critic has 
n grant$ u p]mission to be pleas$1 or   
because we feign indignation we d n     
feel1 b :i* o!rs require ( u 9 ! "n (   
ta/e or morality4 ,tomorr[1 9 ! same    
way1 we %all be unju/ or di%one/ to man1
 or to our own feel+--an inju/ice or a  
di%one/y :i* c h influ5ce ov] ! de/9y ( 
a :ole life4  ,! sum ( spiritual ri*es1 
( spiritual utilities1 is !reby dim9i%$ 
if we d n c$e to ! :ole :at is mo/      
ess5tially ours4 ,t :i* is really our   
own may be great or small1 ri* or       
insignificant--if we ourselves h felt or
 ?\ght x1 x is m significant to o!rs ?an
 t :i* we m]ely repeat1 ev5 if our      
au?ority be ! highe/4 ,& 9 ^? cases :]e 
we mu/ rely ^u au?orities1 we /ill c put
 a c]ta9 p]sonality into our *oice &    

hone/y 9 ackn[l$g+ our indebt$ness1 by  
confess+ t we h borr[$ our judgm5t we c 
put hone/y & orig9ality into ?is        
dep5d5ce4  ,x is possible = no "o to    
acquire m ?an a limit$ am\nt ( ! results
 ( culture1 to =m an entirely orig9al   
judgm5t (t5] ?an 9 a few isolat$ cases4 
,b ea* "o c le>n to und]/& t x is a m>k 
( culture n to pron\nce judgm5t ^u      
que/ions ) :i* he is n conv]sant4 ,good 
ta/e prescribes t j z "o refuses to we> 
false jewels if "o possesses no real    
ones1 s "o %\ld refra9 f pron\nc+       
judgm5t ^u p]sons or que/ions ^u :i* "o 
has n =m$ an op9ion ?r\gh "o's own      
impressions4 ,:5 ?is hone/y beg9s to be 
consid]$ a m>k ( spiritual ref9em5t1 !n 
w ! culture ( woman h made q z great    
advance z :5 %e le>n$ to read4 ,= next  
to ! p[] to =m decisions = "o's self /&s
 9 culture value ! ability to und]/& :at
 op9ions "o does n possess & ! c\rage to
 recognize "o's delicacy4  ,c\rage &    
tru?--t is :at wom5 lack above all4 ,&  
^! are ! qualities :i* !y mu/ cultivate 

if ! fem99e p]sonality is to gr[4 ,?is  
does n result because wom5 devote       
!mselves to /udy1 be x ev] s ?or\gh1 or 
to social tasks1 be !y ev] s            
responsible4 ,bo? fur!r ! developm5t (  
woman's p]sonality 9 ! measure only 9   
:i* h] own inve/igations1 h] own *oice1 
make h] means ( culture & h] "w an      
organic "p ( h]self4 ,to develop woman's
 p]sonality f )9--t is ! great woman "q4
 ,to free woman f conv5tionality--t is !
 great aim ( ! emancipation ( woman4    
,su* a conception ( ! woman "q is = me !
 ideal conception ( ?is pres5t great    
movem5t4 ,& ideality does n mean to     
adopt z ! conception ( life t :i* !     
majority consid]s ideal4 ,ideality means
 to live = ! ideal1 :i* has inflam$ our 
consci\sness & n to violate ?is         
consci\sness by adapt+ x to su* ideals z
 we feel ) our :ole s\l are l[]4  ,if x 
is true t ! lack ( g5ius is ! lack (    
c\rage1 s !n is x /ill m true 9 reg>d to
 ! lack ( p]sonality4 ,"h lies "o ( !   
reasons :y individuality is less (t5    

f\nd among wom5 ?an among m54 ,a man is 
m fully inflam$ ) 8 idea1 ! object ( 8  
"w2 he is m int5se 9 t :i* he kn[s & :i*
 he wills4 ,he becomes ?us (t5--j z !   
*ild--m onesid$1 almo/ always m egoi/ic1
 b mu* m absolute ?an a woman 9 l       
position4 ,%e is r>ely1 except 9 love1  
:olly p5etrat$ by t :i* occupies h]4 ,x 
is !n easi] = h] to be consid]ate1 to   
look ab\t cont9u\sly ^u all sides4 ,%e  
is m mobile1 m quickly s5sitive1 m      
manysid$ & m supple ?an man1 & !re9 lies
 h] /r5g?4 ,b j z t ( man1 x is b\ght at
 ! price ( correspond+ weakness4 ,=     
equipoise is /ill s difficult 9 human   
nature t a good quality is (t5 n !      
product ( a multiplication1 b is !      
rema9d] aft] a subtraction4  ,! man     
becomes ?us especially creative ?r\gh 8 
great] c\rage to d>e1 8 m int5se p[] to 
w2 ! woman becomes ! (t5 anxi\s         
cons]vator4 ,%e *]i%es ) fidelity1 n    
only ! cu/oms & memories ( ! home1 b    
also society's traditional s5tim5ts &   
conceptions ( "r4 ,b ?is v conspicu\s   

cons]vatism ( ! woman is exactly t :i*  
has ob/ruct$ ! developm5t ( exceptional 
fem99ity4  ,! p]sonal indep5d5ce ( man  
is hamp]$ because he mu/ "w ord9>ily 9  
close association ) o!rs2 :]eby he is   
b\nd by p>ty discipl9e & p>ty _s1 by    
consid]ations = pref]m5t or o!r int]e/s4
  ,! p]sonality ( woman on ! o!r h& is m
 fett]$ by conv5tional conceptions (    
morality & a conv5tional ideal ( woman4 
,%e w n di/+ui% ! self-sacrifice :i* is 
( value f t :i* f all po9ts ( view is   
valueless4 ,%e does n rely ^u h] own    
in/9ct = "r if ?is in/9ct deviates only 
a hair's bread? f ! g5]ally accept$     
idea4 ,%e p>dons ! "o :o s9s aga9/      
e/abli%$ conceptions ( "r1 provid$ only 
he recognizes _! validity2 b %e condemns
 ! "o :o has act$ contr>y to ?is        
conception 9 s9c]e conviction1 because 8
 idea ( "r diff]s f t ( ! majority6 ,%e 
conf\nds 9 h] judgm5t temp]am5t &       
op9ions1 doctr9e & life--a confusion :i*
 is ! orig9 ( all spiritual tyranny1 (  
all social intol]ance4 ,especially does 

?is obta9 9 que/ions :i* conc]n !       
relation ( ! sexes4 ,e "o :o expresses  
an op9ion at v>iance ) ! conv5tional    
ideal ( morality has !n incurr$         
intrusive conclusions & bla/+ defamation
 ( 8 private life4 ,on ! "p ( wom5      
!n--if x is a "q conc]n+ a woman--x mu/ 
all ! m be accept$ t x requires n only a
 gl[+ r$ belief b also a sn[-:ite       
consci5ce to d>e defy society 9 its mo/ 
s5sitive prejudices4  ,conv5tionality ( 
! woman atta9s its culm9at+ po9t 9 !    
?\ghtless & consci5celess repetition (  
o!rs' words by :i* mo/ wom5 l[] _!      
spiritual level1 di/ort1 disfigure _! "*
 & ev5tually /ultify _! p]sonality4  ,a 
woman :o makes any pret5sions to f95ess1
 ev9ces ?is among o!r ?+s1 by avoid+ all
 borr[$ or %am luxury4 ,%e scorns       
spuri\s effects1 t9sel1 & disda9s !re=e 
9 h] dress & h] home all artificial     
ornam5tation4  ,b ?is same woman utt]s  
boldly c\nt]feit$ op9ions & spuri\s     
judgm5ts z h] own4 ,ev5 if %e possesses 
x %e d>e n express a fre%1 orig9al      

op9ion1 a w>m direct feel+4 ,& h] =g]ies
 are !n transmitt$ by o!r plag>i/s f    
circle to circle4 ,?us ,public ,op9ion  
is =m$ ^u ! mo/ delicate life problems1 
! mo/ s]i\s life "w4 ,?us ! mo/ noble   
actions become dubi\s & ! vile/         
calumnies positive au!ntic tru?s4 ,?us !
 air becomes conge/$ ) ! gra9s ( s&1 "u 
:i* a man's works ( honor are buri$4  ,b
 a "w or a r5[n :i* has be5 int]r$ c be 
exhum$4 ,x is ! bl9d re-e*o]s ( o!rs'   
words1 !mselves1 :o mu/ at l5g? disappe>
 =ev]4