,hunting ,dogs ,describes in a ,practical ,manner the ,training1 ,handling1 ,treatment1 ,breeds1 ,etc41 ,best ,adapted for ,night ,hunting as ,well as ,gun ,dogs for ,daylight ,sport ,,by ,,oliver ,,hartley ,published by ,a4 ,r4 ,,harding ,,publishing ,,co4 ,columbus1 ,ohio ,copyright #aiji ,by ,a4 ,r4 ,harding ,pub4 ,co4 ,,contents4 ,,part ,i--,,hunting ,,dogs4 ,i4 ,night ,hunting ,,ii4 ,the ,night ,hunting ,dog--,his ,ancestry ,,iii4 ,training the ,hunting ,dog ,,iv4 ,training the ,coon ,dog ,v4 ,training for ,skunk1 ,opossum and ,mink ,,vi4 ,wolf and ,coyote ,hunting ,,vii4 ,training for ,squirrels and ,rabbits ,,viii4 ,training the ,deer ,hound ,,ix4 ,training--,specific ,things to ,teach ,x4 ,training--,random ,suggestions from ,many ,sources ,,part ,,ii--,,breeding ,,and ,,care ,,of ,,dogs4 ,,xi4 ,selecting the ,dog ,,xii4 ,care and ,breeding ,,xiii4 ,breeding 7,continued7 ,,xiv4 ,breeding 7,continued7 ,,xv4 ,peculiarities of ,dogs and ,practical ,hints ,,xvi4 ,ailments of the ,dog ,,part ,,iii--,,dog ,,lore4 ,,xvii4 ,still ,trailers vs4 ,tonguers--,music ,,xviii4 ,the ,dog on the ,trap ,line ,,xix4 ,sledge ,dogs of the ,north ,,part ,,iv--,,the ,,hunting ,,dog ,,family4 ,,xx4 ,american ,fox ,hounds ,,xxi4 ,the ,beagle1 ,dachshund and ,basset ,hounds ,,xxii4 ,pointers and ,setters4 ,spaniels ,,xxiii4 ,terriers--,airedales ,,xxiv4 ,scotch ,collies4 ,house and ,watch ,dogs ,,xxv4 ,a ,farmer ,hunter--,his ,views ,,xxvi4 ,table of ,technical ,terms ,,list ,,of ,,illustrations4 ,the ,fruits of ,night ,hunting ,the ,court ,jester of the ,nocturnal ,tribe ,a ,pure and a ,cross-bred ,coon ,dog ,veteran ,coon ,detectives ,descendants from ,jamestown ,imported ,hounds ,a ,lover of ,good ,dogs ,the ,fox ,hound is a ,composite ,animal ,fox ,hounds--,graduates ,from the ,training ,school ,typical ,coon ,hounds ,capable ,cross-bred ,cooners ,good ,catch in ,which the ,shepherd ,dog ,figured ,prominently ,opossums are ,easily ,caught ,alive for ,training ,purposes ,north ,dakota ,wolf ,hounds ,typical ,western ,wolf ,hounds ,termination of a ,successful ,chase ,good ,dogs ,make ,good ,luck ,the ,fair ,sex are ,more and ,more ,becoming ,practical ,nimrods ,the ,deer ,seeks ,refuge in ,deep ,water ,well ,trained ,hounds ,good ,friends ,get ,along ,best ,co-operation ,between the ,man and ,his ,dogs ,brings ,results ,some ,ideals ,embryo ,trailers ,a ,versatile ,ontario1 ,canada1 ,dog ,family ,one-half ,english ,bloodhound ,pups ,fox ,hounds ,some ,young ,hunters ,he ,was ,here a ,moment ,ago ,here ,he ,is ,a ,group of ,typical ,sledge ,dogs ,sledge ,dog--,photo from ,life ,rough and ,ready ,sledge ,dog ,worthy of the ,name1 ,foxhounds ,good ,specimens ,bloodhound ,as ,pretty ,as a ,picture 7,beagles7 ,true ,dachshund ,specimens ,a ,pure ,pointer ,royal ,sports--,pointers in ,action ,setter ,the ,fox ,terrier--,useful in ,many ,ways ,airedale ,collie ,shepherd ,puppies ,outline ,figure ,diagram ,illustration3 ,oliver ,hartley4 ,,introduction4 ,as if hunting for profit1 night hunting for either pleasure or gain and professional hunting generally had no importance1 writers of books have contented themselves with dwelling on the study and presentation of matters relating solely to the men who hunt for sport only4 ,even then the ,fox ,chase and ,bird ,hunting has been the burden of the greater percent of such books4 ,it remained for the ,a4 ,r4 ,harding ,publishing ,co4 7publishers of the ,hunter-,trader-,trapper magazine and a number of helpful and practical books on hunting topics71 to appreciate the demand for books and reading matter adapted especially to the tens of thousands of hunters who make1 or partially make1 their livelihood from hunting and trapping1 as well as a million casual hunters and farmers of the ,united ,states and ,canada4 ,the keynote of success was struck in this direction by obtaining articles and letters from these very men themselves1 written and printed in their own language1 depending for favor on their explicitness and practical value1 borne of actual experience1 rather than flowing language1 high sounding conventionalities and impressive technicalities so dear to the hearts of the ,bench ,show enthusiasts4 ,the title of this book quotes its object4 ,to tell something of night hunting1 and especially to suggest how the ever necessary dog can best be selected1 trained1 maintained and utilized1 is the consideration of first importance4 ,to round out the subject all forms of hunting will receive some notice1 and the various breeds of dogs will be so far dealt with1 that their value and usefulness in their given fields may be determined4 ,best of all1 the contents of this volume are based on the opinions and declarations of men who have had years of experience in the matters on which they presume to write4 ,the ,compiler does not assume authorship1 the matter herein being very largely from articles which have appeared in ,hunter-,trader-,trapper and elsewhere4 ,credit is hereby extended and our thanks offered to all writers whose efforts contribute to the sum total of this volume4 ,if this book contributes to the success in handling of dogs or opens new avenues of recreation1 sport and profit for any of its readers1 we shall consider its mission has been fulfilled4 ,oliver ,hartley4 ,illustration3 ,the ,fruits of ,night ,hunting4 ,,hunting ,,dogs4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,night ,,hunting4 ,night hunting is a favorite form of hunting sport the continent over4 ,prime factor of the joyous1 though strenuous night quest is the 'coon1 the court jester and wit of the nocturnal tribe of small fur bearers4 ,owing to the scarcity of other game and general distribution of raccoon the country over1 'coon hunting is gaining in popular favor1 winning over many of the wealthy1 city-dwelling red-bloods who formerly were content with more or less pleasant and successful sallies to the fields in the day-time4 ,consequently there is an increased demand for properly bred and trained dogs to afford the maximum of success and pleasure in this pursuit4 ,with the ownership of dogs go the care1 maintenance and proper methods of handling these willing helpers4 ,surprising is the meagerness of the information available to the average hunter1 though night hunting is an institution as old as the settlement of ,jamestown4 ,the craft of developing dogs and using them to the best advantage in this connection1 has been by precept and example handed down from generation to generation4 ,much has been lost in this way and not so much accomplished as might have been attained by aid of the printed and pictured methods of today4 ,most certainly more attention will hereafter be paid to night hunting1 and more painstaking records made and kept for the up-growing practical sportsmen1 in which direction the present volume is a long and definite step4 ,illustration3 ,the ,court ,jester of the ,nocturnal ,tribe4 ,our task is to offer guidance and advice as to the dogs4 ,yet to do this clearly1 the reader must know something of the nature and habits of the animals to be hunted and the effort involved4 ,a southern gentleman of experience and training has the following to say about 'coon hunting3 ,the 'coon is a wily little animal1 and his habits are very interesting to note4 ,he is a veritable trickster1 compared with which the proverbial cunning fox must take a back seat4 ,one of the 'coon's most common tricks employed to fool the hound is known among hunters as tapping the tree1 and which he accomplishes in this way3 ,when he hears the hound's first note baying on trail1 he climbs up a large tree1 runs to the furthest extremity of one of the largest branches and doubling himself up into a ball1 leaps as far as possible out from the tree4 ,this he repeats several times on different trees1 then makes a long run1 only to go thru the same performances in another place4 ,onward comes the hound1 till he reaches the first tree the 'coon went up1 and if it is a young and inexperienced hound1 he will give the tree bark until the hunters reach the tree1 fell it1 and find the game not there4 ,illustration3 ,a ,pure and ,a ,cross ,bred ,coon ,dog4 ,all this time ,mr4 ',coon is quietly fishing and laughing in his sleeve1 perhaps a mile away4 ,but not so with the wise old coon hound4 ,the old1 experienced cooner1 with seemingly human intelligence1 no sooner reaches the tree ,mr4 ',coon has tapped than he begins circling around the tree1 never opening his mouth--circling wider and wider until he strikes the trail again4 ,this he repeats every time the 'coon takes a tree1 until finally1 when he has to take a tree to keep from being caught on the ground1 the hound circles as before and1 finding no trail leading away1 he goes back to the tree1 and with a triumphant cry proclaims the fact that he is victorious4 ,he is not the least bit doubtful4 ,he knows the coon went up the tree and he knows he has never come down so he reasons 787 that the coon is there1 and with every breath he calls his master to come and bag his game4 ,when the tree is felled the fun begins4 ,the 'coon is game to death4 ,he dies fighting--and such a magnificent fight it is6 ,the uninformed might suppose there would not be much of a fight between a #ej-pound 'coon hound and a #bj-pound 'coon4 ,well1 there is not1 if the 'coon hound is experienced and knows his business4 ,of course1 the 'coon will put up a masterly fight1 and some time is required to put him out of business2 but the old 'coon dog will finally kill any 'coon4 ,but if the fight is between a young or inexperienced dog and a full grown 'coon the chances are that you will suffer the mortification of seeing your dog tuck his tail between his legs and make for home at a very rapid and unbecoming rate of speed4 ,to prove this1 get a good 'coon hound and let him tree a 'coon2 have along your ,bull-dogs1 ,bull ,terriers1 ,pointers1 ,setters1 ,collies1 or any other breed you believe can kill a 'coon2 tie your 'coon hound1 cut the tree1 and let your fighters on to the 'coon1 one at a time or in a bunch1 and see them clay him4 ,you will see the old 'coon slap the faces off your dogs1 and the shortest route home will be all too long for them4 ,killing a 'coon appears to be an art with a dog1 and1 of course1 much more easily acquired by a natural born 'coon hound than by a dog of any other breed4 ,a year-old hound of good breeding and from good 'coon hound parents1 can kill a 'coon with less ado about it than half a dozen of any other breed4 ,it is in swimming that the 'coon is most difficult to handle4 ,i have known several hounds to be drowned by 'coons in deep water4 ,the dog goes for the 'coon1 and the 'coon gets on top of the dog's head4 ,down they both go1 and1 of course1 the dog and 'coon both let go their hold on each other4 ,again the dog grabs the 'coon1 and under the water they both go4 ,this is repeated1 until the dog becomes exhausted1 his lungs fill with water1 and old ,mr4 ',coon seems to understand the situation exactly and seats himself firmly on top of the dog's head1 holding him under the water1 till outside assistance is all that will save him from a watery grave4 ,as there is but little chance--practically none--to kill a 'coon while he is swimming1 the wise old 'cooner1 on to his job1 will seize the 'coon1 strike a bee line to the bank1 and kill him on terra firma4 ,i once saw a big old boar 'coon completely outdo and nearly drown a half dozen young hounds in ,hatchie ,river1 when an old crippled hound1 with not a tooth in his head1 arrived on the scene1 plunged into the river and brought ,mr4 ',coon to the bank1 where the young hounds soon killed him4 ,another of the tricks ,mr4 ',coon uses to advantage when closely followed by the hounds1 is to follow the meanderings of a stream until he comes to a log reaching across to the other bank2 then he runs to the middle of the log and leaps as far as he can out into the water1 usually swimming down stream1 as if he is not making for a den or a tree in some other direction4 ,this ruse invariably delays even the best of 'coon hounds1 as1 being at about full speed1 they will run on across the log1 and if the dogs know their job they will circle out until they again find the trail2 but during this momentary bother1 the 'coon is not waiting to see what they are going to do about it4 ,he keeps moving and ,i want to say that a 'coon is a much swifter traveler than many persons suppose4 ,he delays no time1 but keeps everlastingly at it1 and it takes a speedy hound to force him up a tree4 ,the 'coon may be defined as being a dwarf bear4 ,they have many points in common4 ,the 'coon can lie up in his den for weeks at a time during severely cold weather1 without food or water4 ,the only difference between the foot prints of the 'coon and those of the bear is the size4 ,in shape and appearance they are exactly alike4 ,the flesh1 when cooked1 tastes similar1 and not one in a thousand could tell any difference between cooked 'coon and cooked bear1 if served in same size pieces4 ,by nature the 'coon is a very selfish individual4 ,he deserts ,mrs4 ',coon when his children are a day old and lets her provide for them as best she can4 ,the young 'coons grow rapidly1 and at the tender age of from six to eight weeks old they begin to accompany their faithful mother in search of food4 ,fishes1 birds1 rabbits1 nuts1 acorns1 berries and green corn are the principal dishes on the 'coon family's bill of fare4 ,at first the little 'coons stay close to their mother's heels1 but they grow more venturesome as they grow older1 and soon begin to make little journeys on their own account4 ,this often proves their undoing when dogs are about4 ,any sort of an old dog can tree or catch on the ground a baby 'coon1 but this is an advantage no true sportsman will knowingly take4 ,that a mother 'coon will even brave death herself to save her babies is evident to one who has studied the habits of the 'coon4 ,when closely pursued by the hounds and she and her young are all compelled to go up the same tree1 as soon as the hounds begin to bark fiercely and the hunters arrive and begin to chop on the tree or to try to shine their eyes1 old mother 'coon picks an opening and jumps out of the tree and is usually caught1 or run up another tree close by and then caught4 ,but she has again saved her young1 as in all likelihood the hunters will not go back to the tree where the little coons are serenely sitting on the leafy boughs1 or never think of there being any more coons there4 ,there are many reasons why the 'coon hunt is fast becoming one of the most popular of the manly sports4 ,the 'coon is found in many sections of the ,united ,states4 ,other game is becoming very scarce4 ,the wealthy business man1 the man of affairs who is tied to his desk six days out of the week1 can own a 'coon hound and in the stilly hours of the night1 after the day's turmoil of business1 can enjoy a few hours of the most strenuous sport now left to us and witness a battle royal between his faithful hound and the monarch of the forest1 the wily 'coon4 ,nothing that ,i can contemplate is more exhilarating or more soothing to the nerves than the excitement of the 'coon hunt4 ,from the first long drawn note when the trail is struck until the hound's victorious cry at the tree1 it is one round of excitement and anticipation4 ,what or whose hound is leading8 ,what direction will ,mr4 ,coon take8 ,what dog will be first to tree8 ,and then the fight6 ,it is simply great6 ,and then showing the hide to the boys who didn't go1 and telling them about it for days to come4 ,the 'coon hunt calls for manhood4 ,tender weaklings cannot endure the exertions necessary to enjoy this sport4 ,it is too strenuous for the lazy man or the effeminate man to enjoy4 ,they shudder at the thoughts of donning a pair of heavy hip boots and tramping thru swamps and slashes1 crossing creeks and barbed wire fences1 thru briars and thickets1 maybe for several miles1 and the probability of getting lost and having to stay all night4 ,but to the man with nerve and backbone this is one of the enjoyable features4 ,it affords great fun to get a tenderfoot to go out for the first time and initiate him into the 'coon hunters' club4 ,the tenderfoot will use every cuss word ever invented and will coin new ones when the supply of old ones becomes worn out and ineffective4 ,he will cuss the briars1 cuss the ditches1 cuss the creek1 cuss the fences1 cuss the swamps1 cuss the slashes1 cuss the man who persuaded him to go1 and finally cuss himself for going4 ,but when the excitement of the chase is on and when the fight commences he becomes reconciled2 and if good luck is had he is very likely to be the next man to propose another 'coon hunt4 ,a half dozen hunts will make an enthusiastic 'coon hunter of any able bodied man--and ,i might suggest that a half a thousand 'coon hunts will make an able bodied man out of any man4 ,it will throw off the waste matter and dead tissues of the body1 cause deep breathing1 arouse torpid and sluggish livers1 promote digestion1 and is a general panacea for all human ailments of both mind and body4 7,the foregoing contains much of value but is overdrawn even tho from the pen of a ,southern ,gentleman who should be well versed in 'coon hunting4 ,now and then a 'coon will go up a tree and come down or even run out on a limb and jump off or may leap from a log across a stream into the water4 ,such instances1 however1 are rarely done to fool the dog4 ,generally when such happens1 the 'coon has been feeding1 going up and down trees1 etc4 ,when a 'coon does go up a tree1 jump to another and similar tricks to fool a dog1 that animal has been trailed before and is apt to be an old timer47 ,illustration3 ,veteran ,coon ,detectives4 ,added to this is the promise of other game1 if the hunter is desirous of combining sport and profit4 ,the skunk and opossum are common to many sections of this country4 ,they are less resourceful and gritty than the 'coon1 and their taking is simply a matter of choice and method1 rather than concern for opportunities4 ,a dog trained to hunt 'coon will have no trouble attending to opossum and skunk1 if his owner desires it4 ,very frequently the trainer does not desire that his dog pay attention to anything save 'coon4 ,still another profitable animal taken by night hunters is the mink4 ,there is not so much sport in this branch1 however1 as the dogs simply trail or locate them in their dens1 and are captured by digging or frightening them out1 when they are dispatched by the dogs4 ,a good mink dog will often locate a mink in the den during the day4 ,if the den has more than one entrance1 is not very deep in the ground1 the animal will often run out by stamping or striking a few licks with a mattock4 ,the mink generally comes out at the entrance nearest the water 7quite often under water7 when it can be shot1 if you are quick enough1 or if the dog is an active one1 caught4 ,when hunting at night along streams1 or places frequented by both mink and 'coon1 it is sometimes difficult to tell1 at first1 which your dog is after4 ,these two animals travel about the same along streams4 ,some dogs will not run mink unless especially trained while others take naturally to mink hunting4 ,unless a dog is not afraid of water1 he will never make a good mink dog 7or 'coon dog either for that matter71 as mink go into a great many dens both on the bank and in the water4 ,where the hunting is done in woods1 considerable distance from streams or ponds and mink seldom travel1 your dog may pass them by but if you should catch one in a trap and let him kill it1 the chances are that you will have a mink dog4 ,again by hunting certain stretches of creek where mink frequent1 your dog will soon learn that you wish him to hunt these animals4 ,a mink holed is far from caught1 especially after night4 ,if holed in the creek bank1 the chances are that the animal will dart out into the water and escape to another den4 ,the most successful mink hunting is done during the day by having your dog along and following the banks of creeks1 lakes1 ponds1 etc4 ,the dog locates the game and the animal is gotten out by methods already described4 ,illustration3 ,descendants ,from ,jamestown ,imported ,hounds4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,the ,,night ,,hunting ,,dog--,,his ,,ancestry4 ,dogs of almost any breed1 from the nondescript mongrel to the bred and developed hound may be taught to hunt in the woods at night4 ,however1 their success is1 in a general way1 in proportion to their adaptability for the work and the plentifulness of game4 ,for instance1 take a country raised dog of hound parentage1 and he is as apt to make as good a night dog as a pedigreed1 handsome hound which has grown up in the city1 without opportunity to verify by experience his instinctive notion of things4 ,everything else being equal1 the well bred hound should prove by far the better raw material for a good night hunter4 ,the ideal coon dogs of most experienced night hunters are the half bred fox hounds4 ,thus is enlisted the training of centuries to match the wits of the 'coon which was born wily1 and develops stratagem from experience and necessity1 affording as exciting and pretty a contest 7dog vs4 coon7 as sport provides4 ,the more one knows of the hound he follows1 the greater will be his enjoyment and success4 ,he will avoid blaming the dog with his own mistakes1 and wisely refrain from trying to exact from the dog what by physique and breeding he was not intended by nature to do4 ,how the modern fox hound descended from the blood hound and the coon hound from the fox hound is an interesting study of more or less importance in striking an estimate of the coon dog's prowess and abilities4 ,it is not such a far cry from the exciting man hunt of other days to the coon hunt of the present4 ,what we call the native ,american fox-hounds are descended from dogs brought over from ,england1 ,ireland and ,france4 ,the settlers at ,jamestown imported the hounds that spread out over the southern frontier1 originating the superb packs to be found throughout the ,south to-day4 ,the imported dog has never proven a good performer in the chase1 owing to very widely different conditions encountered4 ,his value has been in cross breeding to give bone and substance to native breeds4 ,says one authority3 ,by selection and a different character of work1 we have produced a lighter1 faster hound than the ancestral type4 ,our hounds are required to go and search for a fox4 ,that quality has become instinctive in them and it is an extremely necessary natural quality4 ,what we have really done in this country with the fox-hound is1 we have created a new type4 ,our native hounds which are without any near ,english or ,irish hound crosses are not only faster than their ancestors1 but they get about in rough country1 quicker and with greater ease4 ,the ,american bred dog1 long accustomed to hunting1 may be readily developed to night hunting4 ,there are some strains of native hounds that train easier than others4 ,hounds that have come down through an ancestry which have long been in large packs have certain fixed notions or instincts about hunting that are more difficult to change than are hounds which have grown up singly or in couples4 ,whatever manner of hound the trainer may undertake to develop it is well for him to consider the dog's ancestry and the way in which they have been hunted4 ,he will find if his hound is well bred that the ancestral influence will tend to assert itself4 ,knowing what is in his hound1 the trainer will know better how to handle him to bring him up to the highest possible degree of efficiency4 ,there were many different breeds of the hound family existing in ,england1 when the fox hound1 the great grandfather of the typical night hunter under consideration1 began to assume a fixed type and receive recognition4 ,a popular error writes another authority1 into which many writers have fallen is to associate the fox hound with any one or two breeds of hounds for his common ancestry1 for the fact is that both the ,english and ,american fox hound is a composite animal1 descended from many different varieties of hounds which have existed in the past4 ,there are a number of breeds of hounds in ,france to-day that cannot be intelligently traced to any peculiar origin and there have been a greater variety of hounds in the past1 which have found the way into the kingdom by different roads4 ,it will never be known exactly what hunting qualities the hounds of our crude forefathers possessed or with what melody of tongue1 accuracy of scent1 or fleetness of foot they pursued game1 which consisted1 with now and then an exception1 of the stag1 wild boar and wolf1 until the gradual advance of civilization drove the larger animals from denuded forest and left the cunning fox as the logical object of especial attention to huntsmen1 who have spared neither time nor expense to accomplish his death legitimately for nearly two centuries4 ,summing up we are impressed with the fact that the perfect fox or coon hound is a superb physical being of most versatile and capable properties1 subject to our beck and call1 if we learn the language of the chase1 before we attempt to tell him what is wanted4 ,let us go to the next important topic4 ,training the ,night ,hunter1 with due respect and humility4 ,success in training a fine performer is a credit to a man2 failure is a discredit4 ,heed well the advice of experienced men1 and profit by their mistakes4 ,illustration3 ,a ,lover of ,good ,dogs4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,training ,,the ,,hunting ,,dog4 ,in training hounds1 one should remember that they will always have a hobby for the first game they learn to hunt2 therefore1 we should be careful to start them first at the right kind as for instance3 ,if you desire to have an all around hound that will hunt coon1 fox and rabbit and to hunt each game well1 and in order to succeed you must break him in on coon first1 then when he knows the ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 of ,mr4 ,coon1 you can break him on foxes and then on rabbits in the day time and when you will hunt coon he will pay no attention to the fox or rabbit even if he would see one in front of him1 providing there are coons in that bush4 ,if you desire to have a true deer hound1 train him first on deer1 then on foxes1 but you must in all cases train them well on one kind before you start on another2 therefore1 a hound thus trained will always hunt deer in preference to fox4 ,the same would exist if the dog was first trained on the fox4 ,some people claim that it takes from three to five years to train a hound right4 ,well1 this is not always the case4 ,young hounds twelve to fifteen months old are often taken from the city into the bush and in three days would hunt deer as well as other dogs of five and six years' training4 ,the reason for this is that these dogs take as naturally to hunting as ducks do to water4 ,these dogs are born with the hunting instinct in them and being very intelligent1 will start at once to beat a bush as well as an old timer1 as soon as they have seen the game once they will remember it all their life and you can train them to hunt any kind whether it is a bear1 deer1 fox1 etc4 ,of a necessity in treating on the general subject of training hunting dogs1 some suggestions are applicable to all kinds1 while others have individual bearing4 ,under the subject of this chapter will be given subdivisions relating to specific training for specific hunting in so far as required4 ,there are some fundamental lessons that all hunting dogs should be taught to do and some things which he is not to do4 ,let him begin to follow you when he is three or four months old2 take him through herds of sheep and cattle1 and if he starts after them1 scold him2 if he continues chasing them1 whip him4 ,i do not believe in whipping where it can be avoided1 but if compelled to1 do not take a club or a ,no4 #aj boot1 but a switch2 and ,i never correct a dog by pulling his ears for fear of hurting his hearing1 as a dog that is hard of hearing is not an ,a ,no4 #a dog4 ,never set your dog on stock of any kind nor allow him to run after other dogs or house-cats4 ,illustration3 ,the ,fox ,hound is a ,composite ,animal4 ,by the time he is four months old1 he will likely begin to run rabbits1 but some do not commence until older4 ,let him run them as it will teach him to trail and harden his muscles1 and1 should you have more than one1 it will teach them to depend on each other1 and they will soon learn to go to other dogs when they start a trail or pick up a loss4 ,if you have a fox or coon hide to drag or a pet to lead1 it will not do any harm1 though ,i do not think it of much value as they soon learn to associate your tracks with those of the fox or coon1 and ,i greatly prefer letting them run rabbits as a mode of training them4 ,by the time they are eight months old1 take them out with a slow dog that runs and barks a great deal1 both trailing and running1 and as soon as the fox is running1 let your pup go1 but do not let him go until the old dog has passed with the fox4 ,should you let him go meeting the old dog he may take the back track1 but if you wait until the old dog has passed your pup1 he will come in behind1 and1 if he is bred right1 will go in and stay as long as he can find a trail to follow4 ,if he should come out after a short run1 keep him until the fox is tired2 then let him go again1 and if he still continues to come out after a few times1 don't fool with him1 but try him for something else4 ,if your pup has been in good trim1 and has come out three times on fair trials1 there is very little chance of making a fox dog out of him4 ,i have had pups of this kind which ,i kept until they were two years old2 have bought pet foxes1 and let them catch and kill them1 but never yet made a runner out of a dog that it was not born in4 ,illustration3 ,fox ,hounds4--,graduates ,from the ,training ,school4 ,should your pup go in and stay1 don't run him too often unless he is near a year old4 ,never take him out unless he is well fed1 and in good shape to run4 ,after a race or two let him go as soon as the trail is struck1 and after a few races1 catch the old dog1 after the fox is going1 and see what the pup will do alone4 ,then take them out on a good day1 let the old dog pick up the trail1 and after the pups have started1 catch the old dog and let the pups go alone1 and if they trail1 start and run that fox to a finish1 that is all the pedigree they will ever need4 ,when you turn your dog loose1 don't run and yell and get him so excited that he doesn't know what to do1 just unbuckle his collar and let him go4 ,if he does not understand going into a race1 it will not help matters to excite him1 just walk to where the fox has passed and he will likely take the trail1 and will know better what to do the next time4 ,when your dogs are running and happen to lose the trail near you1 do not run and call1 trying to help them get started1 for if let alone they are far more apt to pick it up and go on in good shape2 by getting them excited and running wild the chase would likely end right there4 ,my rule is this3 ,whenever ,i pull a dog's collar1 he must look out for ,no4 #a without my going to show him4 ,should you not have an old dog to help train your pup1 you can train him alone1 but it is more trouble4 ,if you have snow1 lead your dog until you find a fox trail1 then follow it1 still leading your dog2 if there happens to be considerable scent in the trail1 he may want to follow it1 if so turn him loose1 but follow him up and help him to start his fox4 ,if there is no scent in the trail1 lead your dog until you start the fox1 then let him go and let him work for himself4 ,should you have neither snow nor trained dog1 you will have more trouble1 but ,i have made ,no4 #a dogs without either4 ,if you know where foxes stay1 go there1 turn your dog loose1 and he will start to running rabbits2 this will scare the fox up and your dog will likely cross its track2 if he is a born fox dog1 he will leave the rabbit for the fox every time4 ,you may have to make several trips1 but after you get one race1 your dog will be looking for a fox chase1 and will soon take a cold fox trail in preference to a rabbit4 ,after you have trained your dog to running foxes or coon1 you will wish to break him of running rabbits2 this is generally an easy matter1 for a genuine dog prefers the fox or coon and some will quit it of their own accord4 ,if not1 try scolding him when he starts a rabbit4 ,if that fails1 whip him1 but where foxes are plentiful1 you will seldom have to do this4 ,my pups are accustomed to the crack of a #bb rifle1 as ,i shoot near them while young1 so never have any gun-shy dogs4 ,there is just as much in feeding a running dog1 as a running horse4 ,some say a light feed just before starting and ,i have heard some say1 don't feed at all4 ,now for a grey fox1 it does not make so much difference1 as the chase will only last an hour or two1 and sometimes not ten minutes1 but where it comes to an old red fox1--one that you start ,saturday night and return just in time to accompany your wife to church next morning1 it is quite different4 ,a dog to do his best should be used to running4 ,he should have a few days' rest1 and if his feet are sore1 grease once each day with salty grease4 ,at least three days before the race1 drop all sloppy food and give rye or corn-bread with scraps from the butcher shop mixed in before baking4 ,feed liberally twice each day and if your race promises to be a hard one1 feed extra before starting1 some food that will give the greatest amount of strength1 with the least possible bulk4 ,then arrange to give your dog a good heavy feed as soon as he returns home1 and he will be ready for the next race sooner than if compelled to go to rest hungry4 ,before closing1 ,i will say something more with regard to breeding3--,we often see where someone has pure bred ,walker1 ,williams1 ,redbone or ,buckfield ,blues4 ,now to my understanding1 these are strains of dogs1 bred by southern fox hunters1 #ej or #ge years ago1 and to keep them pure1 there must have been a lot of inbreeding1 a thing ,i do not approve of4 ,now why would it not have been better for ,mr4 ,walker to have selected one of his very best bitches and bred her to one of ,mr4 ,williams' best dogs1 then called the pups the ,american ,fox ,hounds--as grand a dog as ever put his nose to a trail8 ,illustration3 ,typical ,coon ,hounds4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,training ,,the ,,coon ,,dog4 ,in training1 we have been told to drag a 'coon hide1 lead a pet 'coon1 etc41 but your pup soon learns to associate your tracks with the trail of the drag1 and when you carry the 'coon hide he simply follows your track to where you start the drag again4 ,should you have a 'coon so tame that it will follow you1 start out and tramp through the woods1 along streams and just such places as 'coons frequent4 ,your 'coon will run logs1 go up on the side of trees1 in and out of the water1 in fact will do just about as a wild 'coon would4 ,after you have been gone for some time1 have someone turn your pup on the trail and if he runs it1 keep him a little later each time1 and you will soon have a trailer out of him anyway4 ,should you have neither 'coon nor old dog1 you can train your pup without4 ,in nearly all places where there are 'coons1 squirrels and woodchucks 7groundhogs7 may be found also4 ,teach your dog to lead and when he is about eight months old1 attach a light cord to his collar2 then some good morning for squirrels1 take him to the woods4 ,keep him until he gets sight of a squirrel1 then drop the cord and let him go2 he will likely see it run up a tree1 and perhaps he will bark1 but if not1 do not urge him1 but give him plenty of time2 then take him to find another and if he does not get to barking1 get one in small timber1 where you can make it jump from tree to tree2 if he does not bark then1 he will never be much of a 'coon dog4 ,if he barks after he has learned to tree squirrels1 take him to a woodchuck country4 ,he will soon get to working after woodchucks and while they won't all tree1 some of them will4 ,should he get one in a hole1 hollow log or tree1 get it for him if possible and let him kill it1 and see that he doesn't get hurt much4 ,if he trees one1 shoot it out for him1 and after he has gotten a few1 and trees another1 go to where you can see him1 but do not let him see you1 and watch until he starts to leave2 then go to him and by so doing1 he will learn to stay and wait for you4 ,after you have a good dog for woodchucks1 you may rest assured that he will tree a 'coon if he finds a trail4 ,if it happens to be summer time1 take him where 'coons abide and turn him loose4 ,he will likely run rabbits1 but when he strikes a 'coon trail1 he will take it4 ,as soon as you know he is after a 'coon1 keep after him as near as possible1 but let him have his own way4 ,if he trees it and barks1 get to him as soon as you can1 but do not urge him1 for he will get to lying as soon as you want him to without any help from you4 ,after he has barked awhile1 encircle the tree with him2 then if the 'coon has been up and gone on again1 he will strike his trail1 and1 after a few times1 he will learn to circle before barking4 ,if the 'coon is up and it is summer time or early fall1 when 'coon hides are not prime1 take your dog back from the tree1 keep still1 and unless it is a den tree1 you won't have long to wait1 for another 'coon chase1 and by keeping your dog longer each time1 you will soon have a cold trailer out of him4 ,this may seem considerable work for some1 but it takes work and time to make even a fair 'coon dog4 ,should you have a good dog to train with1 it saves lots of work1 but even then it is a good plan to work early in the season1 and tree your 'coon several times in one night1 as you do not have far to go after the first tree4 ,in breeding 'coon dogs1 the same rule applies as in fox dogs--if your dog is bred from a line of 'cooners1 he will take to it naturally4 ,some one will say1 ,i will take a house cat to teach my dog to tree4 ,well ,i have done that myself1 but after cutting several good trees1 only to get a house cat1 ,i learned better4 ,it is just as easy to break a dog from running cats1 as rabbits1 and more so4 ,i do not consider a dog that will run and tree every house cat he strikes the trail of1 a ,no4 #a 'coon dog1 no matter what his other good qualities may be4 ,years ago1 when timber was more plentiful than now1 ,i always trained my dog to take care of himself1 when a tree was cut for 'coons1 and ,i never had a dog get hurt1 nor had many 'coons to get very far from the tree4 ,they are easily taught by cutting small trees in the day time and making them keep back until the tree is down2 but now1 timber is getting rather scarce and valuable to cut for 'coons4 ,when a dog is trained for 'coon so that he is first class1 he is valuable in dollars and cents as well as satisfaction4 ,one of our good friends sets the value in this way1 and we agree with him1 except that where one is training a dog for his own use1 love of the pursuit and woods repays him in a measure for his trouble3 ,a man ought not to expect to get a first class 'coon dog for five or ten dollars4 ,in fact1 one can't be trained for that price1 not saying anything about his feed4 ,in the first place stop and consider how many nights one has to be taken out to get him to understand running them1 and to learn their tricks and to tree and stay treed4 ,they may do this in a reasonably short time with another older1 well trained dog to show them how to find the tree and keep them out there1 but then take him out by himself and when ,mr4 ',coon goes in the creek or around an old pond or bog your young dog lacks experience and a year's work or more4 ,then there is the rabbit which he must be broken not to run1 and a dog can always find their tracks before he can a 'coon4 ,now here is where the right kind of judgment must be used1 as all dogs cannot be handled alike1 and one may spoil a pup in trying to break him from rabbits4 ,so taking everything into consideration1 it is worth far more to train a dog for a first class 'coon dog than most people consider1--what it requires to train a dog1 and what he should be worth when properly broken4 ,of course1 it is not so much work to train a dog to run fox1 as there is generally a lot of fox dogs one can turn in with1 and that way get a young dog started and he will take to running them naturally4 ,i think a good dog1 either a fox hound1 or one that has never run foxes1 makes the best dog1 altho curs or 'coon dogs are not to be kicked out1 that is if they are good1 true hunters4 ,i wouldn't advise trying to train a hound with a cur unless he is an old 'coon dog4 ,try and get your dog on a 'coon right in the start1 and do not let him fight too much the first time1 unless he is an extra fighter4 ,do not let your dog stay out hunting when the other dogs have treed a 'coon2 make him come in and bark up the tree4 ,always climb the tree for your dog and get what he has1 no matter if it takes until daylight4 ,when ,i own young dogs1 ,i always train them myself4 ,i never permit a stranger to handle them4 ,it is all right for strangers to handle the old dogs once they are trained but the hunter who wishes to have good dogs should train them himself or have a man who thoroughly understands the proper way to use young dogs4 ,it is a very easy matter to spoil a dog when you do not know exactly how to proceed4 ,illustration3 ,capable ,cross-bred ,cooners4 ,on the question of the proper age at which to begin training a hound1 a successful ,minnesota trainer takes issue with those who advise taking the pup to field at eight or ten months of age4 ,he writes in part3 ,i disagree with those who advise the early initiation of the pup4 ,any kind of fairly well bred pup will run1 not only at #aj months1 but at #e1 #f or #g months1 but the point to consider is1 will a dog put at hard work at such age1 become a hardy one8 ,will he develop himself as well as if he had been given a chance to grow some bones8 ,i say no2 put a colt at hard work at #b or #c years old1 will he ever be the horse which he would have been1 if he had only been broken at #d or #e years old8 ,every horse breeder knows that if he wants a good roadster1 he must give him a chance to grow1 then he will not be afraid to cover #fj or more miles in a day with that horse2 not only this but he will get many times the price for that horse as for his brother which was put to work two years earlier4 ,i have bred horses and know of what ,i speak4 ,there are many reasons why a sportsman should not start to train his dog to hunt before he is full grown1 that is at least not until he is #ab to #ae months old4 ,before that age1 a pup may have the will but he has not the strength to cover the ground of an old dog4 ,a man who has a valuable pup should wait until he is capable to stand hardships1 and until he has also a good knowledge box4 ,in allowing a pup of #f1 #g1 #h or #aj months to hunt1 he will learn more bad tricks than good ones1 such as to remain in the bush longer than necessary1 and soon become a long record dog4 ,the risk is great that he will get lost1 or if not1 will return with swollen feet and legs if he ran at all1 also be chilled and be rewarded with a fine dose of distemper4 ,this is often the cause why so many young dogs die with distemper or of some other lingering death1 but if a man gives time to his dog to develop and get strong1 the chance is1 should he ever get distemper1 it would be but a slight attack from which he will soon recover4 ,we take it1 however1 that our well informed friend does not mean to imply that a pup should not be taken afield and given a kindergarten course earlier than a year old4 ,his contention is1 no doubt1 that the pup should not be permitted to over exert himself or to be thrown too much on his own resources4 ,illustration3 ,good ,catch in ,which the ,shepherd ,dog ,figured ,prominently4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,training ,,for ,,skunk1 ,,opossum ,,and ,,mink4 ,all the foregoing has more or less application to the present topic4 ,we are still dealing with the nocturnal wanderers4 ,occasionally any of the above may be discovered abroad in the full glare of day4 ,some hunters successfully locate them1 by the aid of dogs1 in their dens or burrows and capture them in the day-time4 ,this is a cut and dried operation that requires none of the resourceful tactics of man and dog in the chase1 and is1 therefore1 dismissed from the discussion4 ,now1 what are the dog's duties8 ,the matter of still hunters vs4 tonguers1 being of such variance of opinion1 it will be discussed in a subsequent and separate chapter4 ,having impressed your dog with the fact that you want him to look out for skunk1 possum and mink1 as well as 'coon1 the next point of importance is to insist on the dog staying with the quarry and barking until you arrive2 also not to take hold until the word is given as the hide is apt to be all chewed up and full of holes if the dog is too long and too vigorous in the task4 ,many hunters pick up many of the skunk on the field1 without even being touched by the dogs4 ,in this connection a contributor writes3 ,we walk right up to the skunks and pick them up by the tails2 then hit them on the head with a club and kill them or put them in the bag and take them home alive1 as the occasion may suit4 ,now ,i won't tell that ,i can catch skunks without getting scented1 but will say this1 we have caught hundreds by the tail1 and after lifting them clear off the ground1 never have been scented by them4 ,as ,i said before1 ,i go for the business end of it1 and am not afraid to get some scent on me as long as ,i don't get it in my eyes4 ,if you get it in your eyes1 it feels about as if you had horse-radish or hot water in them for the next ten minutes1 which is not altogether pleasant4 ,the skunk is a foolish1 unresourceful animal and were it not for its natural1 unique means of defense1 would be utterly at the mercy of dogs and hunters4 ,many dogs object to the scent and will trail and bring to bay a skunk only with reluctance4 ,only those who hunt for profit1 care to take the skunk1 and he must needs learn the finer points by experience4 ,the ,scotch ,terrier and ,beagle should be mink dog4 ,the steel trap is more generally relied upon to bag the sly mink and his capture with dog and gun is oft-times very unproductive4 ,illustration3 ,opossums ,are ,easily ,caught ,alive for ,training ,purposes4 ,a ,pennsylvania hunter contributes the following to the general fund3 a good cross for mink as well as rabbit4 ,this combination gives the requisite agility needed in coping with mink4 ,some even advise a strain of water ,spaniel with the above breed for ideal4 ,before taking him out you can teach the young dog when #h or #aj months old1 what to do by catching an animal that you wish to train your dog on and leading it around4 ,if it is a 'coon or opossum1 then put up a tree or on a fence4 ,loose your dog and let him trail until he finds it4 ,teach the dog to bark by hissing him on and clapping1 whooping to him and such like4 ,if for skunk1 kill one and drag it around1 place it out of pup's reach1 and teach him to bark when he comes upon his game4 ,you can teach the habit of tongueing after night or silence on the trail as you prefer4 ,let your young dog shake and chew at the game you are training him to hunt for4 ,after he has found it and he fails to bark by hissing him1 tie a rope three feet long to it and keep throwing it toward him and pulling it quickly away to teach him to grab at it and hold on1 and also bark4 ,a live skunk generally gives a young dog such a lesson the first time that he is always afraid of one afterwards1 unless he is an ,irish terrier or bull dog or beagle crossed4 ,these two breeds are good ones for any kind of night hunting4 ,take a live animal1 a 'coon or something1 and lead it past your young dog's box where he is tied and let him see it and take notice how he will want it1 but all you want is to teach him the scent and how to tongue when he comes up on the game4 ,i believe what ,i have told will generally break any dog4 ,a good dog1 well broken to hunt 'coon1 skunk or opossum is worth scores of traps4 ,don't be afraid to switch a young dog some1 to make him learn good from bad1 like tonguing track and rabbit4 ,always pet him and be friendly after chastising him1 and a good scolding with a couple of light smacks with open hand will take the place of a whipping4 ,don't use a stick unless necessary4 ,use judgment1 the same as you would want some one to use you1 and in a few nights' training your dog will be catching game4 ,it is easy sailing after a few are caught1 and your dog is your greatest friend you have4 ,he will make you from #e4jj to #ae4jj a night1 where if you were trapping for the same game1 you would be lucky if you got a dollar's worth of fur1 and besides what is finer sport than a day's gunning1 to hear your old dog up on yonder hill or in some woods talking to you to come his way8 ,illustration3 ,north ,dakota ,wolf ,hounds4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,wolf ,,and ,,coyote ,,hunting4 ,in training a dog to run wolves1 it is unsafe to allow a young dog to go alone1 as some wolves prefer fighting to running1 and if a young dog is whipped back a few times1 he will become afraid1 or will be perhaps1 spoiled altogether4 ,training a dog to hunt young wolves is a harder task1 and unless your dog is born for it1 you will fail to make anything like a first class dog out of him4 ,almost any good fox dog will hunt old wolves1 but very few will hunt pups1 and my experience has been that a bitch will hunt quicker than a dog4 ,there are a great many dogs that will trail and hunt a wolf to a finish1 but will pay no attention to the pups whatever2 but if you succeed in finding one that is inclined to hunt them1 remember that practice makes perfect4 ,speaking of brush wolves3 ,the kind of dog needed is a good ranger1 extra good cold trailer and an everlasting stayer4 ,then if he will only run a short distance after starting the wolf and come back and hunt the pups1 and then bark at them when found1 you have a good1 valuable dog4 ,there are plenty of dogs that will hunt and trail wolves all right1 but very few that will hunt the pups4 ,sometimes when your dog trails in near the pups you will get a fight1 and sometimes they will jump out and run for it4 ,sometimes if the pups are quite young you will find the mother in with them and for the first few days she will be found near them1 but as they grow older she will be found farther away4 ,a ,minnesota wolfer who averages #ce wolves a year pins his faith in the long eared variety of hounds1 with features of strength1 endurance1 good tonguers and stayers4 ,from another source we are advised that the best dogs ever for coyotes1 are part ,english blue and ,russian stag4 ,english blue are very fast and the stag are long winded and have the grit to make a good fight4 ,another admired and capable dog is the one-half ,scotch stag hound and one-half grey hound4 ,a ,wisconsin hunter writes that the best breed to catch and kill coyotes are one-half shepherd and one-half hound4 ,they are faster than a hound and trail just as well on a hot trail4 ,another fast breed for coyotes is a one-fourth ,english bull1 one-fourth blood hound and one-half fox hound4 ,illustration3 ,typical ,western ,wolf ,hounds4 ,a ,kansas hunter contributes some first hand discussion of wolf hunting as follows3 ,i have been hunting wolves with dogs for eight or nine years and have caught my share4 ,i only hunt in spring and late in fall1 but any time is good when you can find them4 ,but don't take your dogs out in summer1 as it will be sure to be the time when you will find a hard race1 and there is where you will hurt some of your best dogs4 ,i use a pack of from three to five1 but the more the better4 ,i have tried most all kinds of dogs and have found a cross with stag hound and ,english greyhound suits me the best4 ,i don't have any use for a full blood ,english greyhound--they cannot stand the cold weather and are too easily hurt in a fight4 ,i want a dog that will weigh #ge pounds1 with long legs and short back so he can gather himself up quickly4 ,i don't think foxhounds are any good for wolves4 ,i have seen thirty-five of them start after the same wolf1 in good weather and four hours afterward there were only two1 the smallest of the pack1 still in the race4 ,i have no doubt but that they could have taken the wolf several times in the race1 but all they could do was to bark4 ,i will not say a full blood stag hound is not all right1 in a level1 unobstructed country1 but in many parts of the country many large dogs would not be able to get thru the fences or over the rough ground with the ease that the smaller ones do4 ,i have never seen the big dog that could catch and kill a wolf by himself4 ,i have killed them with two1 but would rather have four or five4 ,i always hunt on a horse1 and they should be the best of horses1 well broken and not afraid of wire4 ,i never carry a gun of any kind1 but always have a hammer1 and if ,i want to succor the dogs in the race1 ,i will ride up to the dogs and kill the wolf for them4 ,,the ,,irish ,,wolfhound4 ,the ,irish wolfhound of history is no more1 the breed having become extinct years ago4 ,there has been a determined effort1 however1 to approximate him with a present day breed4 ,the modern ,irish wolfhound is a cross between the ,scottish deerhound and the ,great ,dane4 ,other combinations have also been tried1 with more or less good effect4 ,according to the idea of the ,american-,irish ,wolfhound ,club1 the ,irish wolfhound should be not quite so heavy or massive as the ,great ,dane1 but more so than the deerhound1 which in general type be should resemble4 ,of great size and commanding appearance1 very muscular1 strongly though gracefully built2 movements easy and active1 head and neck carried high2 the tail carried with an upward sweep1 with a slight curve toward the extremity4 ,the minimum height and weight of dogs should be #ca inches and #abj pounds2 bitches #bh inches and #ij pounds4 ,anything below this should be debarred from competition4 ,great size1 including height and shoulder and proportionate length of body is the desideratum to be aimed at1 and it is desired to firmly establish a race that shall average from #cb to #cd inches in dogs1 showing the requisite power1 activity1 courage and symmetry4 ,the coat should be rough and hard on body1 legs and head2 especially wiry and long over the eyes and under the jaws4 ,the recognized colors are gray1 brindle1 red1 black1 pure white1 fawn or any color that appears in the deerhound4 ,,the ,,russian ,,wolfhound4 ,the ,russian wolfhound has a reputation for being a most capable wolf-catcher in his native country1 but so far the pure bred hound of that family has not held his own with the ,american wolf4 ,he has the speed and capacity for catching the wolf1 but is unable to cope with him or detain him long enough for the hunter to arrive4 ,admirers of the dog say he lacks training and adaption and that he will with a generation or two of careful training and practice become the most available dog for the purpose4 ,illustration3 ,termination of a ,successful ,chase4 ,others get good results by crossing in some fiercer and stronger blood4 ,the ,russian ,wolfer has somewhat the clean cut appearance of the greyhound1 though more stockily built1 and has a long1 silky coat of wavy or curly hair4 ,in general appearance says an authority1 he is an elegant1 graceful aristocrat among dogs1 possessing courage and combining great muscular power with extreme speed1 weighing from #ge to #aje pounds4 ,illustration3 ,good ,dogs ,make ,good ,luck4 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,training--,,for ,,squirrels ,,and ,,rabbits4 ,here is my way for training squirrel and coon hounds1 which ,i think is best1 writes a ,texas ,hunter4 ,first1 select good healthy pups1 raise them up friendly and don't whip or cow them in any way until about ten or twelve months old1 for if pups get cowed when young they will never get over it4 ,when about ten months old1 take them out hunting with one or two squirrel dogs and then when the old dogs tree in small trees or any place where you can make them jump out1 jump the squirrel out and get your pups after them4 ,then if the squirrel gets up another tree your pups will bark up the tree at him4 ,then when they bark well up the tree at the squirrel1 pet1 sick and yell to let the pups know that you are trying to help them catch the squirrel4 ,keep jumping the squirrel out until they catch him1 and if they don't catch him and it gets away up a big tree where you can't jump him1 then shoot him and they will wool him when he falls out4 ,clean the squirrel and give the pups some of it to eat1 and you won't be but a few times out hunting squirrels and jumping them out for the pups and trying to help them catch the squirrel until they will start out hunting and treeing squirrels as good as any old dog4 ,if the dogs won't bark up the tree when you get through all of this and they see the squirrel run back up the tree1 you might as well kill them or take them and run deer1 for they will never make tree dogs4 ,the following directions for perfecting the rabbit dog1 are from the pen of an experienced and successful ,ohio hunter4 ,get your pup some day while young1 if possible1 keep him by you1 and when you see a sparrow or something alive1 shoot it1 pick it up and show him what you shot at2 do this at home4 ,shoot all you please while he is young1 so when you go hunting with him and shoot at game he won't be afraid and make a bee line for home4 ,most dogs will soon take a liking to guns4 ,now to training a beagle dog to be a good one on rabbits1 ,i warn you never to take another dog along1 but for a common hound you may use your own way4 ,i have seen good beagle dogs spoiled by other dogs4 ,now1 some frosty morning take your pup to where you most think there are rabbits2 scare one out1 and then if he is not near1 give three good sharp whistles which you ought to keep as your signal for him to come4 ,if you train your pup to a regular code of whistles1 he will know what you want4 ,so here is a good code1 which if kept in rule1 will become very handy4 ,when you have scared up game let three sharp whistles be the calling2 if you only want him to come to go another way1 give three long ones4 ,motion your hand in what direction you want to go and he will soon learn to understand4 ,i have often let the dog decide the way to go4 ,now to go back to the old subject1 when he comes you must be all excited and showing him that you are greatly in need of him4 ,then show him three of four places where the rabbit hopped2 when he gets a start you go and stand where you most think he will come around1 but again ,i warn you never to jump and run away while your pup is near enough to see or even hear you1 for if you do1 he will leave the track and follow you4 ,also1 you will do a fine piece of work to shoot the first rabbit he brings around4 ,now when you shoot the game1 pick it up and wait until your dog comes1 then show it to him1 but never let him eat one1 for if you only cripple one he will catch and eat it4 ,teach him in the start to hold game until you come to him4 ,now to get him to start to hunt another rabbit may be your trouble4 ,he may want to stay with you and try to steal your rabbit4 ,the best way to start him out is to start walking through the brush and stamping on brush piles1 at the same time telling him to hunt 'em up4 ,keep a piece away from him and he will soon start to hunt again4 ,now if he runs one into a den1 what should you do8 ,dig 'im out and be a ,johnny-dig-'em-out or let him go4 ,better examine the first den1 and if not over #b or #c feet deep and only a small hole1 you may dig it out1 if it is one of your dog's first hunts1 but don't dig very big dens1 for by the time you dig one out1 you may get a shot at another4 ,the way to get your pup away from a den is to look the situation over and then give up1 telling him to give it up2 we can't get it2 he will soon come away4 ,there are other things to be careful of2 first you should never hurry your dog2 walk slow and when he gets used to hunting let him scare up the most of the game or he will get lazy and want you to be the dog4 ,never whip your dog for a mistake1 or you may spoil him4 ,then when you come home you may give him the rabbit heads4 ,let him in the house1 and when you eat your rabbit1 give him all the bones4 ,this will teach him why and for what you take your game home4 ,one great thing is1 if your dog scares up game and is following on the trail1 don't change your standing place too often2 judge the point where the game will come around and stay there until it does come4 ,some fellows will run1 jump and halloo after his dog while running a rabbit2 there is where you spoil him1 for you must be cool in mind4 ,then when your dog is running a rabbit and night is coming on1 don't go home until your dog comes to you1 or right there is where your dog will be discouraged4 ,so when the day's hunt is over you can go home with your dog by your side4 ,while you are showing him what good he did for you1 if he is wet and cold call him near the stove and dry him4 ,for if a dog must lay outside all wet1 he will soon become stiff in his limbs1 and rheumatism will be seen at an early age4 ,always after the day's hunt1 give him all he wants to eat4 ,don't have him too fat in hunting season1 because he will tire out too easily4 ,illustration3 ,the ,fair ,sex are ,more and ,more ,becoming ,practical ,nimrods4 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,training ,,the ,,deer ,,hound4 ,on all things there is a main point1 also certain rules which should never be forgotten in training hounds1 especially the age and the way to train them4 ,my experience has taught me that it is a big mistake to allow a young deer hound to go in the woods before he is #ab to #ae months old1 says a ,canadian hunter4 ,at a year old a hound should know how to lead well1 that is not to pull on the chain for all he is worth ahead of his master but to follow behind him through every place he passes1 if between1 under or over logs as well as fences1 to follow exactly the same trail as his master4 ,a dog or a pair coupled together1 so trained1 can be easily led in any bush without any bother whatever4 ,it is not at all necessary that a dog should lead in front of his master to find a trail4 ,a dog with a keen nose can pick a trail from the air several yards before reaching it4 ,he will then pull you in the direction of the same and if the scent is fresh1 he will be anxious to follow it1 then if the hunter is a man who understands his business1 he will examine the track by following it #ajj yards or so and if suitable and going 7if it is a deer7 in the right direction and if the wind is also right1 will then allow his hound to go4 ,a dog which knows his business will not open the minute he gets the scent but will cover the ground fast and save his steam until he has jumped the deer or fox1 then open his value and if he is a flyer he will water more deer in five hours than another which gives tongue as soon as he takes the scent in five days for the reason that a dog which opens the very instant he finds a trail will have to cover #bj times more ground to bring his deer to water1 than the one which does not4 ,illustration3 ,the ,deer ,seeks ,refuge in ,deep ,water4 ,a hound should not be gun or water shy but should be shy of strangers1 traps and of poisoned baits4 ,he should know how to swim across a river or lake and where to land4 ,he should have but one master and obey him to the word and this without the use of the whip4 ,he should know how to ride in a canoe4 ,all this can be taught to him in about #c months and he should know all these things before he is broken to hunt4 ,the next thing is to accustom your dog to the gun4 ,this is easily done4 ,all you have to do is to take your gun and dog into a field and once there to tie your dog say five or six feet from you1 then to shoot the gun and after every shot to speak kindly to your dog and make him smell the gun4 ,in a day or so repeat as before and the moment you see that your dog is not afraid let him loose and shoot again and always pet him4 ,he will then know what a gun is4 ,so when your young hound knows the gun1 the canoe and water1 he may be taught to be shy of strangers1 traps and of poisoned baits4 ,to break a dog to hunt1 you must not allow him to go in the bush whenever he likes4 ,a dog that hunts without being in the company of his master will never be a well trained dog4 ,therefore1 you must lead him in the bush and if you have a well trained dog1 you may couple him with the young one and walk until you find a good trail then follow it with the dogs till you see that the young one has caught scent right1 then let go the young hound first and the old timer last4 ,if the hound comes from hunting stock1 he will hang to the trail with the other dog and he will only turn up with him but for some reason or another1 should the young hound come back to you1 don't get mad and kick or beat him4 ,no1 this is a great error and many are the dogs which have been spoiled that way4 ,instead of beating1 speak kindly to him and pet him a few seconds and keep moving towards where the chase is going4 ,don't excite your dog1 pay no attention to him4 ,if he wants to follow you at your heels1 let him do so and once you reach a place where likely the other dog is going to pass1 stay there and when the old dog comes along1 the young one will again join and may stay this time with him1 as the scent will be hot and the chances are ten to one that the young hound will take a hand in the music4 ,but if after ten1 or twenty minutes1 he should again return1 treat him as before4 ,be always kind to him4 ,if you have no old dog to train your young one1 go with your dog and show him the game you want him to hunt1 lead him until you kill one1 then blood him4 ,the blooding is the ,a1 ,b1 ,c of training4 ,allow him to smell the game all he likes1 speak kindly to him even if he bites the game1 don't kick him off or use a stick on him1 as ,i have often seen done by some fellows who pretend that to teach a hound you must abuse him4 ,if you want a foolish dog1 that is the way to use him but if you desire an intelligent one1 you must encourage him4 ,after a dog has been well blooded 7the blooding is done by rubbing the hot blood of the game on the front legs1 as well as on the sides of the dog71 you may turn him loose or you may lead him until you find another trail4 ,he will at once be anxious to follow4 ,let him lead for a hundred yards and once you are sure that he has the scent in the right direction1 let him go and if that hound comes from trained stock1 he will run that scent immediately and should he only be away for five1 ten or more minutes and come back to you1 speak kindly to him and tell him to hunt4 ,always mention his name and keep moving in the direction where you suppose the game is4 ,it is a good thing that a young dog backs his own tracks at first1 as it teaches him that he can find you when he likes and a hound that does this after each chase will never get lost no matter where you may go4 ,in deer hunting1 it has many advantages in so far1 that when you are several miles from camp1 after your dog has a start you keep moving and if you find where a deer has just passed1 you can just sit there and wait for the return of the dog and as soon as he returns1 you just tie him and allow him to rest for fifteen or twenty minutes and then you start him again4 ,i have often had two and sometimes four chases in one forenoon and this without bother4 ,hounds thus trained1 will always return to camp every night for their feed and will be ready for the next day4 ,illustration3 ,well ,trained ,hounds4 ,some hunters say that their dogs are so good that when they turn them loose1 they always stay away for three or four days and they even go so far as to say1 that they hunt night and day during the whole time they are away4 ,well1 this is not the case at all4 ,the reason is that they will chase a deer or fox for three or four hours or more and when they have watered the deer or holed their fox1 will then start to ramble around and start after another and after watering their second deer1 they will be so far away that they are unable to find their way back1 and they will walk until they can go no more4 ,they will then lie down for a long time and walk around and howl until they find somebody's trail1 which they will follow to the end or until they land at a settler's house or at some shanty and will remain there4 ,now how many dogs like these will a party of ten or twelve men require to hunt1 during ten or fifteen days in a strange country8 ,when a hound has been away three or four days1 is he in condition to run the next day after his return8 ,no1 it will take him as many days to recover and often he will be of no use for the remainder of the hunt4 ,dogs like these may suit men living in the country where there is game4 ,their dogs after having been lost several times will1 through time1 know the lay of the country and be fairly good dogs at home1 but take these hounds in a strange country1 of what use and how many will a hunting party require to hunt every day of their outing8 ,well1 they will require a car-load and besides several men to hunt the dogs4 ,such dogs as these don't stay with me1 as ,i consider them a nuisance1 especially for city sportsmen1 who are so busy during the whole year that they can only take a few weeks holiday every year1 they require a strain of hounds on which they can depend every day of their hunt4 ,i want a dog to be a flyer and to back track after every chase and to find me in the bush and not make for camp after his chase or wait at the shore until some ,johnny ,sneakum comes along with his canoe and says1 ,get in ,jack1 and that ,jack is only too glad to jump in and the next thing is that you don't see ,jack for the balance of the season1 but you will learn later on that ,jack has been half starved that it will cost you #e4jj to #aj4jj for the board if you desire to get ,jack4 ,i will say here that ,i owe my life to two of my hounds4 ,i was lost once in the woods in a blinding snow storm4 ,this was in ,western ,ontario amongst a range of sappy pine hills4 ,i was about five miles from camp4 ,in the morning when ,i left the weather was very fine but it soon started to snow and the storm lasted until about #i ,p4 ,m4 ,i was soaking wet and ,i had left my compass at camp1 my matches were all wet and ,i slept in the bush4 ,at #aj ,a4 ,m4 ,i had started my two hounds and about #aa ,a4 ,m4 they came back to me4 ,it was just commencing to snow heavily but thinking it would not last long1 ,i made for another hill where ,i was aware1 if any deer started from there it was a sure run for our men1 so ,i arrived there in due time and got a start4 ,it was still snowing very heavily4 ,i then pointed for home4 ,i had about five miles more to reach our camp when ,i came to a place where a deer had just left his nest1 so ,i thought that ,i could get a shot at him but after having followed him for about an hour1 ,i gave him up and ,i tried to make for camp4 ,well1 instead of making for camp1 ,i made a circle and came back to the same place where ,i had left the deer's track4 ,it was #d ,p4 ,m41 when my dogs came back to me4 ,i knew then that ,i was completely turned so ,i decided to spend the night right there4 ,i looked for a sheltered place and after removing all the snow ,i could ,i lay down with my back against a big flat stone and with my two dogs lying near me4 ,we were quite comfortable and early in the morning1 ,i pointed for camp4 ,now if these dogs had not returned to me1 ,i really believe that ,i would not be able to write this1 as their heat preserved me from freezing to death4 ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,training--,,specific ,,things ,,to ,,teach4 ,to teach the dog to bark treed1 it is best1 of course1 to take him out with an old dog1 but if you have no old dog1 you can train him without one4 ,this can be done by catching a live ground hog1 'coon or opossum4 ,take the animal you have to some small tree1 a dogwood for instance1 and let it climb from the ground up4 ,it would be better if you could lead it or even drag it a short distance--ten feet1 say1 at first1 to a tree4 ,don't let your dog look on while doing this4 ,after you have your animal treed1 get your dog and bring him to the tree and give him the scent on the ground4 ,if he is new at the business1 he will not likely look up the tree1 but will hunt for trail4 ,if he finds where the animal is himself1 try to get him to bark1 but if he doesn't find it1 then show him4 ,try to make him bark4 ,that is one of the objects at this point as well as to find where the animal is4 ,have your gun along1 and as soon as you get your dog to bark1 shoot into the air and at the same time1 pull the animal out of the tree by the string by which he is tied4 ,but whatever you do1 don't let the animal get the best of your young dog or you will have a spoiled dog4 ,i always liked a possum for this work because they are easy to handle and don't fight your dog4 ,illustration3 ,good ,friends ,get ,along ,best4 ,you must remember that1 at this point1 you are not training your dog to fight4 ,the object is first to find where the animal goes and second to get your dog to bark up4 ,continue this practice for some time2 then put your animal in a larger tree out of sight but don't put in the same tree each time1 ,after you have your dog trained so he will trail and bark up in the manner just described1 the chances are that he will tree 'coon1 if he gets a fresh trail4 ,of course1 he will not be a good 'coon dog at once2 that comes by experience4 ,next to a good dog in the 'coon hunting business1 is a good gun and lantern4 ,don't try to hunt 'coon with a common open lantern4 ,a good kind of lantern to find their eyes with is a dark or police lantern1 as you don't have to put them on your head to find their eyes4 ,but whatever kind you use1 have one with a good bulls-eye and a reflector4 ,use a good shot gun4 ,i generally use ,no4 #b shot4 ,having prepared ourselves with a good dog1 gun and lantern1 we are now ready for business4 ,we will go out first on a cloudy night4 ,we will go into the woods and walk slowly1 giving the dog plenty of time to hunt and if we don't see him pretty soon1 we will sit down on a log and wait a while4 ,don't go thru the woods as if some one were after you or as if you were in a hurry and then call your dog as soon as you get thru the woods4 ,you will never have a good 'coon dog if you do so1 especially if he is new at the business4 ,if you want a dog that will stay by the trail1 you want to stay with him4 ,if you use your dog properly that is1 if you hunt slow and sit down on a log or wait for your dog until he comes in and then move on as soon as he does come in1 you will find that your dog will soon catch on to this and will always come in as soon as he has a woods or a portion of a woods hunted over1 unless he trees4 ,another brother offers the following suggestions3 ,let me give you a few pointers in regard to breaking them to hunt 'coon4 ,when the pup is five or six months old1 teach him to speak or bark by holding up a piece of meat or bread1 and when you get him so he will bark1 take him into the woods where there are squirrels4 ,be sure and take your gun along and chase every squirrel or cat up a tree and shoot the squirrel4 ,be sure and make the dog help to chase the squirrel then skin the squirrel4 ,cut it up in small pieces and feed it to your dog4 ,do this as often as possible and you will be surprised how quickly he will learn4 ,commence early in the fall to hunt 'coon1 and keep away as much as possible from the haunts of the rabbit with your dog1 but if he gets after a rabbit1 get him off as soon as possible and scold him4 ,i wouldn't advise anyone to hunt rabbits with dog until thoroughly broken to hunt 'coon4 ,,teaching ,,the ,,dog ,,how ,,to ,,swim4 ,as for swimming1 we are aware that all dogs when thrown in the water can swim1 but the question is1 will they swim right and take to water at once4 ,i say no1 they all need training before they will take to water when told1 swim and float right and remain in the water for hours when necessary1 and also return game from water when required whether it be for fur or feathers4 ,to teach a dog to swim1 take him often to a nice shore and let him play at the edge of the water and say nothing to him4 ,after you have done this during three or four days1 tie him and row about thirty yards from shore4 ,use a flat bottom boat or a good safe one and place him gently in the water1 hold his head above the water till he floats1 then row to the shore4 ,he will follow and as soon as you land1 get out of the boat and call him to the shore4 ,this will teach him to land because should you stay in the boat1 he will try to get in the boat with you4 ,now allow him to play for five or ten minutes1 then repeat the same tactics but row a little further4 ,after two or three days lessons such as these1 the dog will take the water4 ,to make him do this1 row a few yards from the shore and call him4 ,he will at once follow you4 ,row slowly away and the moment you see he is getting tired1 pull him on board or row to shore4 ,never train your dog to swim during cold weather but when it is warm and sunny4 ,a nice sunny morning is the best time to teach them to swim4 ,once he knows how to swim right1 take him across a small river or lake and then come back and make him swim back4 ,he will then never be afraid of water4 ,to teach a hound to properly ride in a canoe1 tie him and have a whip or a small switch and make him lie down4 ,always speak to him kindly4 ,mention the dog's name and say lie down4 ,if he does not obey1 whip but do so carefully4 ,avoid whipping1 because there has been many dogs that would have been good hunters that have been completely spoiled by the whip4 ,always speak to your dog1 then give one single stroke2 if he does not obey give another stroke and so on until he does so4 ,as soon as he lies down1 you can allow him to put up his head and look above the boat and row across the river or lake4 ,once on the other side1 order him off and hold your rope which must be a long one4 ,if he goes to jump1 give him a good check and make him walk off easily4 ,once he is landed1 hold him and pet him4 ,stay there five minutes or so1 then get in the boat again1 hold the boat and order your dog to get in the boat4 ,i use the word ,board4 ,mention the dog's name and say board and to order him out1 say move4 ,as soon as the dog gets in the boat say1 ,lie down or just down and if he does not obey1 show him the whip and command him1 then whip4 ,as soon as he is down1 get in and row a few hundred yards further and repeat the same a dozen of times4 ,the moment the dog obeys1 you must pet him so as to make him understand that what he does is right4 ,if you will repeat the same tactics for three or four days1 the dog will soon know how to balance himself and will be very steady--you will never have any bother with him4 ,thus a dog trained to water and canoe is a very handy thing for you as well as for the dog4 ,should you have no room in the canoe1 he will swim4 ,if you have room1 just for him he will be as safe for you to take on board as a stone4 ,a pair of hounds so trained will just balance your canoe right4 ,it is a good thing to put some hay1 straw or a bag in the bottom of the boat or canoe for the dog to lie down on4 ,they will soon know their place to lay4 ,a ,,quick ,,method4 ,having many years of experience in the breeding and training of hounds to hunt nearly all kind of game1 a ,canadian brother hunter tells how to train dogs for 'coon when he has no old dog to teach the young one4 #ast4 ,set a trap where you see 'coon signs as follows3 ,take the skin or part of a good sized green codfish1 tie it to a string and drag it along the bank of a creek or place where you see their signs1 to the place you wish to set your trap4 #bnd4 ,take a good sized stick about #d feet long1 drive it well on a nice flat piece of land1 then tie what you have dragged to this stick about #bj inches from the ground4 ,have the bait well tied so that ,mr4 ',coon will have a hard job to pull a piece off4 #crd4 ,take three ,no4 #a #a_/b or larger size steel traps1 but not very stiff spring1 set them #h inches from the stick and arrange in such a way as to form a triangle4 ,have the chains well secured so that ,mr4 ',coon will only be caught in one of the traps4 ,dig holes for four traps and cover chain and traps with dry grass or leaves4 ,be careful not to put anything to interfere with the jaws of your traps and make things look as natural as possible4 ,visit your traps the next morning and the chances will be that you will have one or two 'coons waiting you4 ,i have often found three waiting me in one setting as above4 ,when you have a coon or two1 take one at a time to an open field about #djj yards from the bush1 then tie a long clothes line to the ring of the chain in such a way that it will not slip off4 ,at the other end of the line1 tie something white1 and allow ,mr4 ',coon to make for the bush4 ,have a friend with you that will keep an eye on ,mr4 ',coon4 ,then take your dog to the spot in the field where the coon started from1 and make him take the scent1 and once he has it in the right direction and commences to pull1 turn him loose and follow him4 ,if the hound comes from good stock1 he will soon find ,mr4 ',coon and will bark at him4 ,encourage him and have your friend pull on the line in order to make the 'coon move4 ,the dog will then catch him2 after the hound has pinched the 'coon a couple of times1 throw the line over a branch of some good sized tree and help the 'coon to climb4 ,allow the dog to bark for a while4 ,shoot the coon1 open him at once and blood your dog well by rubbing the blood on his front legs and over his body4 ,if you have another coon1 repeat the same with the second as you have done with the first1 but in another direction of the field and bush4 ,always allow the 'coon to go far enough so that your dog will not see him4 ,when you take him where the coon scent is1 after the 'coon is dead and your dog well blooded1 go home with your dog and 'coon4 ,chain your dog and put the 'coon near him for three or four hours before skinning and while doing this1 have your dog near you4 ,the next day1 take your dog where 'coons are moving and he will soon have one for you4 ,repeat the blooding every time and you will soon have a ,no4 #a 'coon dog4 ,illustration3 ,co-operation ,between the ,man and ,his ,dogs ,brings ,results4 ,,chapter ,x4 ,,training--,,random ,,suggestions ,,from ,,many ,,sources4 ,summing up we find much pointed and valuable information relating to the training of dogs omitted thru lack of space4 ,from this we present a chapter of nuggets in paragraph form1 which will no doubt prove interesting and beneficial to those interested in training hunting dogs4 ,here are a few things not to do3 ,don't allow your dogs to run into every farmyard as you pass along the road4 ,don't allow them to be used with which to run stock4 ,don't let them get into the habit of running other dogs4 ,don't let them run house-cats4 ,don't teach him to be called by shooting4 ,don't1 when out hunting1 keep urging him all the time4 ,don't let every one have him to hunt with or he will soon be everybody's dog4 ,don't allow them to come into the house and get into every pan and kettle1 if your wife is good-natured4 ,don't correct him by pulling his ears1 for a fox dog needs his hearing4 ,don't feed but twice a day1 and don't stint him on his feed before starting on a race4 ,don't allow him to run loose when you are not using him4 99 99 99 ,did you ever try using a sheep bell on a still trailer on windy1 stormy nights8 ,it's a such bells on sheep and disregard them until the dog but 'coon usually become accustomed to sheep bells on sheep and disregards them until the dog gets too close for them to escape4 ,then1 where not accustomed to the bell1 their curiosity overcomes their fear4 ,the best pair of 'coon dogs ,i ever owned was ,sport1 a fox hound and collie1 half and half1 a slow semi-mute trailer1 and ,simon1 a full blood fox terrier1 a fast mute trailer4 ,i used a bell on ,sport4 ,this and his occasional barks on the trail kept the attention of the 'coon while ,simon cut across lots and invariably took him unawares4 ,i have learned at considerable expense that the best at most any price is the cheapest4 ,if you want a good1 cheap 'coon dog1 get a half pup collie and half fox hound4 ,never give him a taste of nor let him see a rabbit1 teach him a few tricks 7to make him pay for his meals71 such as jumping over a stick1 then a pole1 then a fence4 ,this is to teach him to obey every word4 ,never scold or whip him1 gain his confidence1 teach him to speak for bits of meat so when the time comes to hunt 'coon you can get him to bark up2 get him to catch and carry and he will often catch an opossum or maybe a mink or 'coon and kill it when away from you1 and if you teach him to bring everything 7rats1 woodchucks7 home to you1 he will do the same in the woods after night4 ,never let him get whipped by another dog or woodchuck1 'coon or even a big rat4 ,always help him kill or whip everything he jumps on to or that jumps on to him4 ,a defeat will discourage him4 ,when your young dog is ready for a night hunt in the woods or cornfield1 choose the best and most favorable night for the first trip4 ,feed no meat nor milk for #bd hours previous to the first or any subsequent trip1 for that matter1 for the best dogs1 full of meat or milk1 cannot do good work on the most favorable night4 ,feed him a good dinner of vegetables1 but no supper until you return from the hunt1 then give him anything4 ,choose a dark and cloudy night1 the darker the better1 not too still1 as usually on very still nights the atmosphere is heavy and smoke settles to the earth1 so likewise does the scent of the 'coon trail1 and many a fine dog has been condemned for failing to locate his 'coon when started under such a condition as this4 99 99 99 ,do not return home and leave your hounds in the woods1 rather walk a mile or two to catch them and they will be in better shape to hunt the next day than if you had allowed them to run all night4 99 99 99 ,i notice so many of the boys in telling of their 'coon hunting say when ,old ,jack or ,trailer1 or whatever his name might be1 strikes a trail they follow him as fast as they can run until out of wind1 then as soon as he barks treed1 they go to him on the double quick1 over logs1 brush1 barb wire fences1 thru brier patches1 swamps and so on4 ,now1 this may be all right1 ,i am not condemning any one else's method of hunting1 but just want to exchange ideas4 ,when my dog strikes a trail or ,i have reason to think there is anything doing1 ,i just wait right where ,i am until they tree or come back to me4 ,if they bark treed1 ,i just take my time and if ,i know of a way around that will save going thru some thicket or up some very steep hill1 ,i just go around and save those hardships4 ,and another thing ,i never do is whoop and hallo at my dogs when they are working4 ,i think that has spoiled many a good dog1 and never run to a dog as soon as he barks up1 but give him time to think it over and circle the tree a few times2 then1 when he settles down again you can go to him and depend upon the 'coon being there4 ,,part ,,ii4 ,,breeding ,,and ,,care ,,of ,,dogs4 ,illustration3 ,some ,ideals4 ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,selecting ,,the ,,dog4 ,different hunters have different ideas as to the style of dog best suited to their purposes4 ,we can only approach the subject1 by giving views of experienced breeders1 and the reader may choose as he is inclined4 ,from a ,canadian ,hunter comes the following3 ,this question of the right kind of dogs to select is a matter on which many sportsmen differ in opinion4 ,some prefer the small1 some the medium and others the large hound4 ,for me ,i like a hound to be from #bd to #bg inches high at the shoulder and well put together1 with a lot of bones1 straight front legs with strong and compact feet1 but not too large with good strong nails well set in1 the body to be long and not short of flank with a wide chest and a moderate deep chest and with a strong broad back1 hind legs with the right kind of bend1 that is neither straight or too much curved in1 with well furnished thighs4 ,dogs with straight hind legs cannot run and jump over logs and fences with the same ease as those having a marked bend4 ,these dogs can buckle and unbuckle with more quickness and power1 such as is required in the gallop than dogs having a round barrel shaped chest1 with both the front and hind legs straight4 ,dogs having a nearly round chest cannot stand any length of hard running1 such as those having a narrow chest because a dog with a moderate deep and narrow chest has better wind as he is able to alter the cubic contents of his chest more rapidly and thus inhale and expire a larger volume of air4 ,therefore1 a dog with a deep or flat chest will always have a greater speed than one with a round one4 ,this is a well known fact in all animals remarkable for their speed1 such as deer1 wolf and greyhound4 ,i like dogs with good muscular thighs with a fine long tapering and graceful wavering stern1 ears to be well set and not too long and not thick and slabby1 neck to be long and well set between the shoulders1 the head and muzzle1 this is only a matter of taste4 ,those ,i prefer are those having a long and narrow forehead and a fairly square muzzle1 ears from #g to #i inches long1 lips loose but not hanging low1 throat loose and roomy in the skin and a good coat of hair so they can stand cold and water1 and with a good loud tongue and keen nose4 ,the color has nothing to do1 the main point is the staying quality1 the speed1 scent and endurance2 the intelligence and the particular style of ranging or beating the ground for trail as well as to run it once found1 with great speed4 ,some say a fine looking hound should be a good hunter4 ,well1 any hunter of experience in the handling of hounds is fully aware that it is not always the dog which carries the prizes at the shows that is the best dog in the field4 ,the same thing exists with the horse4 ,some people claim that it all depends on the breeding1 others on the training4 ,the fact is that both are required as well as the right shape the dog should have to be able to stand hard work day after day4 99 99 99 ,the most essential thing to the value and working capabilities of fox hounds is purity of blood1 declares another4 ,too much care1 therefore1 cannot be taken in selecting and breeding fox hounds4 ,hounds for running the red fox should be selected from the best possible blood that can be obtained4 ,i like a hound with a long clear voice--one that can be heard at least two miles away on an ordinary calm day--and one that gives tongue freely when running and trailing but not one that gives tongue when he has run over the trail and lost scent4 99 99 99 ,in selecting a night hunting dog ,i prefer one that is three-quarters or at least one-half fox hound4 ,the reason is1 the fox hound has a good nose1 also a good voice and speed4 ,while ,i do not condemn a dog that is bred in any other way1 ,i prefer one bred as ,i have stated for the reasons given above4 ,some prefer a dog that is part beagle1 but if any reader of this book has ever tried to train a dog with good beagle blood in his veins to hunt coon1 he has been up against the real thing4 ,the trouble is1 the beagle has it bred right in him to run rabbits1 and blood will tell4 ,the only point in favor of the beagle is his nose4 ,with the exception of the bird dog the beagle has the finest scent of the whole dog family4 ,i know this to be true by observation4 ,a fox gives off more scent than a rabbit1 so does a coon and all the other animals4 ,during the nesting season birds give scarcely any4 ,this is a wise provision of ,nature to protect them from their enemies during this important period4 ,one day ,i saw a fine ,english setter almost step on a grouse that was sitting on her nest4 ,he never scented her until she went whirling out the ridge right in front of his nose4 ,that dog's actions told more plainly than words could have done1 how deeply he regretted the incident4 ,i have also seen a beagle run a rabbit after a heavy rain1 the rabbit1 to my knowledge1 having run before the rain fell4 99 99 99 ,many writers say that a dog's pedigree and his being registered1 does not amount to the paper it is written on4 ,now ,i do not wish to criticize any of my brother sportsmen1 but ,i think it is the only way to know if one's dog is well bred1 and to have a well bred dog means much less trouble in training him4 ,do not get discouraged if your dog does not train as easily as he should1 and always remember that much depends upon you4 ,stay with your dog if you want him to be a good sticker4 ,many a dog has been spoiled by leaving him to run for nothing4 ,in selecting a dog to hunt all kinds of game1 get a good bred hound4 ,i have no use for mongrels or curs4 ,they are dear at any price4 ,get a thick1 hard1 round-footed1 long ears coming out of head low down1 well developed chest1 shortish tail1 large at root or next to body1 long from hip to gamble joint1 with broad strong back1 wide nostrils and long pendant lip4 ,now this is my idea of a good all around hunting dog4 ,i don't expect you to find all of these qualifications in any one dog4 99 99 99 ,have decided that for my use1 a full blooded hound4 ,that is a good1 fast and reliable trailer1 one that will stay with the trail1 cold or hot1 and never think of giving up until asked to4 ,one that will bark treed on a cold trail just the same as if he had run him up a sight chase4 ,one that should he in cold trailing run across a hot trail and tree1 will after catching go and take up cold trail again and tree4 99 99 99 ,when it comes to large hounds for coon1 fox1 etc41 a cross of the right kind of ,american fox hounds and the right kind of blood hounds fills the bill to perfection4 ,the blood hound has the keenest scent of any dog living4 ,the ,american fox hound has the speed4 ,if a man has a combination of the two he is starting on the right trail4 ,i prefer a fox hound bitch bred to bloodhound dog4 ,how many ever saw a thoroughbred bloodhound8 ,they are a heavy built hound1 medium size heavy head1 long ears1 square deep muzzle1 with heavy rolls of wrinkles on head just over the eyes1 which gives him a surly look4 ,i have seen what were called and sold for bloodhounds to a sheriff to trail man4 ,they would trail fairly well1 but they came a long ways from being thoroughbred bloodhounds4 ,any hound trained when young can be taught to trail man or beast4 ,hunters differ as to the kind of dog to use for coon hunting4 ,the best coon dog ,i ever had 7and ,i've had a good many7 was a half ,scotch terrier and ,i don't know what the other half was4 ,he was black and white spotted with curly hair and weighed but thirty-two pounds4 ,some hunters prefer the shepherd dog and again some would hunt with nothing else but a hound4 ,i don't know as it makes much difference what kind of a dog one uses1 just so it is one of the hunting kind1 a good trailer and thoroughly well trained4 ,of course1 not every dog1 even of the hunting kind1 will make a good coon dog2 about the only way to tell is to try4 99 99 99 ,as to picking a pup for a coon hound1 it is very hard to do1 but ,i want a full bloodhound1 one that tongues on trail and a free barker at tree4 ,i want the old style hound1 as the modern fox hounds are too nervous for good coon hounds1 although you may get one once in a while that will work a cold trail very well4 ,a cross between the old style1 long eared hound and the fast trailing hound with large1 heavy shoulders1 deep chest1 a large fore leg1 large broad head1 long ears1 rather short coupled back1 slightly roached back1 with a good square nose1 rather large neck1 set well down in the shoulders4 ,while this is my kind of hound for coon1 do not understand me to say that ,i want an extra slow trailer1 for ,i do not1 but ,i want him to be steady1 and when he has a trail he can work it fast4 ,this is my kind of a dog for coon1 but he would not be in it with an up to date fox hound on a fox chase1 but running fox and coon are different1 and ,i want a different kind of a hound4 99 99 99 ,we have made a success in raising bear hounds1 and find the only way to get a good pup with the hunting habit1 is to have it bred in them first1 says a ,california ,brother4 ,one has to have good parent hounds1 and while the mother dog is carrying the pups she must be worked on whatever you want your pups to run4 ,for instance1 we have a black and tan long eared bitch1 bred her to a good hound1 one quarter stag4 ,before she had these puppies we caught three bears with others1 letting her get in and fight hard4 ,these puppies when a month old would crawl on a bear hide rug1 chew and shake at it1 and when three months old1 would track1 bark and fight4 ,now they are five months old and know considerable about it4 ,we treed an old bear1 and these pups kept right on and treed two cubs1 and barked up and stayed until we found them after we had the old one skinned and cut up4 ,they have the instinct in them1 and are beauties with just enough stag in them to have a good crop of whiskers4 ,illustration3 ,embryo ,trailers4 ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,,care ,,and ,,breeding4 ,as we must raise the dog before concerning ourselves with his culture1 let us begin with the pup4 ,i commence to care for the pups by giving the bitch plenty of exercise before they are born4 ,then as soon as they are born1 put them in a clean1 dry place1 where they will be comfortable1--if in winter1 where cold winds cannot reach them2 if in summer1 in a cool place out of the hot sun4 ,feed the bitch well on good food of different varieties2 do not chain her1 but rather shut her up in a park of something of the kind1 where she can exercise but not get out to run1 for if she should run she gets hot and you may loose some if not all of your puppies4 ,by the time the pups are three weeks old1 you will need to commence feeding some milk twice each day1 gradually increasing the amount as the bitch becomes dry1 and when she weans them1 feed three times a day1 until about six months old2 after which ,i only feed twice a day4 ,in this connection we quote from an article in a current magazine1 the truth of the contentions being borne out to a greater or less extent by our own observations3 ,after her puppies are about five weeks of age a bitch will begin to vomit the contents of her stomach for the puppies4 ,i have known many breeders of experience argue that but few bitches do so4 ,over and over again have ,i been able to convince persons who1 having immediate care of the bitch and her litter1 deny that the bitch ever vomits to her puppies1 that they are wrong4 ,many bitches never vomit when the attendant is about1 and only appear to do so at night2 hence the belief that they do not do so at all4 ,it is the natural manner in which the bitch feeds her whelp with partially digested food1 after her milk supply ceases to suffice for their requirements4 ,if the bitch is of good constitution and in good health1 the puppies flourish remarkably on the diet thus provided1 and in such cases my experience leads me to believe that puppies left with their dams do better than when separated from them and1 strange to say1 bitches who are in the habit of picking up all sorts of apparently undesirable odds and ends do not seem to do their puppies less well under these circumstances than cleaner feeders do4 ,many bitches eat the young soon as they come if not closely watched1 especially the first time4 ,there should be an attendant at time of whelping4 ,whelps must be removed to a basket of warm cloths and kept away till all have come and then place to matron for nursing4 ,there is no danger of her devouring them thereafter4 ,to resume3 ,this is what ,i feed pups3 grind rye without bolting and sometimes oats ground very fine2 then run through a coarse sieve1 and bake into bread without soda or baking powder1 or make into a thick mush and feed it with plenty of milk if convenient4 ,as they grow older add cornmeal and scraps from the butcher shop to the feed1 and give them enough to keep them nice and sleek1 but do not overfeed4 ,by the time they are three weeks old they will be running everywhere1 and let them have plenty of room to run and play4 ,change their beds as often as needed1 which is a good way to prevent fleas4 ,should fleas get on them as they are sure to do1 put a tablespoonful of oil of tar in a quart of warm water1 take a fine tooth comb1 dip in tar water1 and comb them until the hair is thoroughly saturated2 repeating as often as needed4 ,for bedding1 the best is leaves from the woods2 straw will answer1 but ,i prefer the leaves to anything ,i have ever tried1 but whatever is used it should be changed often and kept dry4 ,for the dog with a damp place to sleep1 will soon have the mange1 and it is far easier to keep a dog healthy than to cure him after he has become diseased4 ,in warm weather ,i use no bedding as it is only a harbor for vermin4 ,the best place by far1 to keep your dogs1 is in a park1 where there is shade in summer1 with running water1 and slope enough to the land1 to allow it to be well washed whenever it rains4 ,then provide dry1 comfortable quarters to sleep1 and you have an ideal home for dogs4 ,in case you cannot have a place of this kind nor even a small park1 and must keep your dog chained1 attach a good heavy wire to the dog house and the other end to a tree1 where your dog can get to a shade if possible2 then attach a chain to the wire so your dog can travel along the wire2 but be sure that he cannot get tangled up and have to lay out some wet night4 ,some are situated far better than others for taking care of dogs and ,i am sorry to say there is an occasional sportsman 7or at least he owns a dog or two71 who is inclined to let his dogs shift for themselves4 ,i pity the dog that is unfortunate enough to have such an owner4 ,my experience is that too much meat is not good for the foxhound1 and if they get a mess of old stale meat just before you want to run them1 the chances are that they can't make the race4 ,i have seen good dogs that couldn't run an hour1 simply because they were filled up with old dead hog or horse4 ,if you want to make a good race with your dog1 keep him tied two or three days before you intend to run him1 feed him corn bread 7well baked7 and sweet milk4 ,if you run at night1 give your dog a good feed at noon and very little at night when you start1 and if your hound has the stuff in him he is good for all night4 ,i think rotten meat will affect the smelling of a dog as well as heat them up1 so they can't make a good race4 ,to let your dog run loose until you are ready for a chase1 where he can find slop and such stuff to be filled up on1 and have your friend meet you with his hounds in fine shape and lead your hound all the time1 well you know how you would feel4 ,some say you must have it bred in a hound to run4 ,that is all true enough1 but a well bred hound with all grit can't make a good race if he isn't in shape to do it4 ,the foregoing is borne out and added detail given in the following contribution from ,new ,york ,state3 ,i find that fox hounds which ,i feed on old stinking pork or stinking meat of any kind are quite stupid and very careless about hunting4 ,they cannot keep on the trail1 neither do they wish to run fast or continue running long4 ,old stinking pork seems to be the worst ,i could feed to a fox hound1 and corn bread and some milk on it seems to be the best4 ,when my dogs are fed on cornbread and milk they display the most activity1 and can follow a fox or rabbit more accurately and accordingly run faster4 ,when ,i want to make my hound run slow ,i feed him some meat1 and the more it stinks the less he can smell anything but the fumes of this in his stomach4 ,i can easily tell by the smell of my dog's breath whether he has eaten fresh mutton or rotten horse recently1 and ,i think any healthy person can easily4 ,here are another hunter's views on this same subject3 ,in rearing hounds1 to have them hardy and intelligent you must feed them right and provide them with a lot of good fresh water as well as to give them daily exercise4 ,when ,i feed beef1 ,i have a small axe with which ,i chop all the bones into fine pieces4 ,they also get scraps from the table with some vegetables mixed with cooked rolled oats4 ,i feed the old ones once a day with raw meat and once with porridge4 ,i see that they get just enough to keep them always in good running condition1 that is neither fat nor thin4 ,i like a dog with a good rolling skin4 ,i never take a skeleton dog in the woods as ,i have often seen hunters going deer hunting with dogs which you could read a newspaper through4 ,now of what use are such animals as these8 ,some say that a thin dog will run better than a fat one4 ,yes1 if the fat one is hog fat2 but a dog with about one-half inch of hard fat on the ribs will out-do a dozen of these starved dogs of which you can count the bones at one hundred yards from them4 ,no1 a dog with just the skin and bones cannot stand any work for the reason that he has no bottom4 ,young pups should be fed at the very least three times daily1 four times is still better4 ,never give them more than what they can eat1 and in the meantime see that they just get enough so as to clean the dish well at every meal and in no case should the pan containing the food be left in the intervals with the puppies if they have not cleaned it out as they will become disgusted with it and next time refuse to feed4 ,keep everything clean and dry and always feed at the same hour daily4 ,it is much easier to rear a pair of pups than a single one4 ,before weaning the dew-claw should always be removed4 ,these are of no use but only serve to bother the dogs and hounds should always have them cut off4 ,worm medicine should always be given to all young dogs and kennels should be lime washed at least three times a year and never allow your dogs to sleep near the stove and then turn them out in the cold4 ,if you desire a lazy hound allow him to burn himself at the stove1 but if on the contrary you wish a lively dog1 provide him with a good dry kennel and if you keep several dogs see that each one has his own stall4 ,this has the advantage of preventing them from fighting and from the risk of taking cold by lying out of the kennel4 ,when your dogs return from the hunt always examine their feet and legs and if you find any sore spots attend to them at once4 ,if the dogs return wet to camp always allow them to dry near a stove before turning them to their kennel which should be a good dry one4 ,if you desire your dogs to stand hard work day after day you must look after them with as much care as a jockey attends to his horse4 ,the very moment you notice your dog is looking dull ascertain at once what is the cause1 and if you are of the opinion that it is a cold or distemper1 don't wait until you see his eyes and nose running1 to doctor him1 but attend to him immediately4 ,illustration3 ,a ,versatile ,ontario1 ,canada1 ,dog ,family4 ,,chapter ,,xiii4 ,,breeding4 ,the main and most important question in breeding race horses as well as hounds is to get always the very best and to do this1 one has to be on the move and watch the hunting and staying quality as well as the style of looking for trails1 etc42 and a breeder should always be ready to pay the price for a good sire or dam4 ,and he should always bear in mind that there is no more trouble or bother and that it does not cost more to raise a pair of dogs from well known hunting stock than from unknown stock but where it tells is when the dogs are of age for training4 ,it is here where the great difference exists and where a sportsman is willing to look at the right side of the matter finds his mistake and where he regrets not having paid a few dollars more for the right stock4 ,some say that if pedigreed dogs were trained they would beat the other dogs4 ,the question is to train them4 ,hounds which come from untrained or from partly or badly trained stock will always be poor hunters4 ,they will never be the dogs that they would have been had they come from highly trained stock1 that is that their sire and dam and grand sire and grand dam were all trained by persons who thoroughly understood the way of breeding and rearing as well as the age and proper way of training4 ,a hound coming from such selected stock will learn and pick up in a day what will take others months and probably a whole season to learn4 ,i never kept a hound which after having shown him the game and also blooded him once or twice would not at once start to hunt because ,i consider that the sooner a sportsman will shoot such dogs the better4 ,there are plenty of fox dogs that are good coon dogs1 and a great many coon dogs will run a fox to a finish1 but the fox and coon dogs are two very different dogs4 ,there is also a greater difference in the opinions of hunters1 in regard to the coon dog than in any other dogs4 ,some want the full blooded hound1 and some a cross with a foxhound2 here they differ again as to what dog to cross with2 others want no hound blood at all1 but a shepherd2 one wants a collie and another just a dog4 ,then here is a hunter who insists on a silent dog2 and the next one says the silent trailer doesn't camp with him4 ,now as ,i am not looking for trouble1 ,i will agree with all of you4 ,where coons are plentiful and you are likely to strike a coon track in every cornfield1 the half hound or even a cur dog1 will get coons2 but where they are scarce and you may tramp until near morning1 and then strike a trail five or six hours old1 if you get that coon1 you will need a dog with a good nose and one that tongues on a trail4 ,but there is one point on which you will all agree--if your dog does not stay at a tree and bark good and plenty1 he isn't much of a coon dog4 ,consequently in breeding for coon dogs1 this is the most important point4 ,get as many other coon points as you can1 but be sure his ancestors have been good tree dogs1 as far back as you can trace them4 ,the very reason that there are so many culls in this country1 is because many hunters think a dog is a dog1 and that any dog with long ears is a hound4 ,ears count for nothing but looks2 bent legs1 ditto2 the only way that you can perfect the breed1 which in your estimation1 is the ideal1 is by choosing the dogs of the best particular kind which you prefer4 ,for instance1 how could a hunter expect to produce a strain of dogs with good1 loud voices1 if he chooses as his breeders the poorest squallers in the lot8 ,nature is nature1 and it is only by studying her laws that we are able to produce our ideal of any kind2 also1 if he wants an intelligent dog1 he must pick out the one with the most desired good points1 and then he is on the fair way to success4 ,in short1 in order to have a hound that will repay you for his training1 he must be bred right in every detail or the hunter is doomed to disappointment4 ,if the hunter does not own a first class pair to breed from and cannot secure a good strain in his locality1 he should buy from a reliable dealer1 one whom he knows has made a success of breeding this class of dogs4 ,it is also advisable to buy a young pup as the chances of securing the best are alike to all1 or even though the parent dogs are ,no4 #a in every respect1 there will be some in the litter that will be weak in points before they have reached the age of eight months1 the breeder himself will have difficulty in choosing any one as the best4 ,there is a standard for judging the so-called high class pedigree show dogs but which does not cut much ice with a fox and coon hunter4 ,regardless of color1 the qualities most desirable in an all around fox hound are3 #ast1 staying qualities and powers of endurance4 #b;d1 voice1 feet and general make up4 ,illustration3 ,one-half ,english ,bloodhound ,pups4 ,personally1 ,i like a hound that stands from #bj to #bd inches at shoulder1 long in body1 deep chested1 heavy boned with a coat of rather long hair1 the feet should be round in shape with a good covering of hair to protect the soles or pads4 ,a foxhound should not have a second claw on the hind leg for this shows a cross in his breeding4 ,a dog that has these claws will not stand much hard running in crust for by rubbing against trees1 etc41 they will gradually become sore and bleeding1 and the hound although willing enough is handicapped with a pair of sore legs4 ,some hunters cut these claws off while young4 ,in the pure strain of fox dogs this would be unnecessary as they would not have them on4 ,the first cost of a young hound is nothing compared with the time and trouble it takes to bring him to a hunting age4 ,therefore1 it is advisable to buy the best obtainable for even though the price be high at first cost1 the hunter will be better satisfied for his time and money when the dog has fully developed for the chase4 ,in making a choice for breeding1 select a pair that has been thoroughly tried and are known to have no weak points1 such as poor voice1 quitters1 back trackers1 etc4 ,it is also advisable to hunt with the bitch as much as possible up to the very time the pups are whelped4 ,the pups will be stronger and better in every way than if the mother had been housed in all the time1 and a hunter will find that a pup so bred will take to hunting almost as soon as he can run4 ,do not breed a pair of young dogs1 rather select if possible1 an old dog for a young bitch for by breeding two young dogs their pups are apt to be hot-headed1 over-anxious and these qualities are not wanted in a foxhound4 ,to be sure of a strain of dogs the breeder must know their ancestors three generations back for it is surprising how far back a pup will breed from1 not only in color but in characteristics1 habits1 etc4 ,illustration3 ,fox ,hounds4 ,illustration3 ,some ,young ,hunters4 ,,chapter ,,xiv--,,breeding 7,continued74 ,crossing for ,coon ,dogs4 ,my experience has been that the crossing of an ,english pointer dog and ,american fox hound slut for 'coon dogs1 are the best ,i ever saw1 writes an ,ohio night hunter of rare judgment and experience1 and ,i will illustrate by relating the accomplishments of a certain dog of the breeding4 ,i will say further that the sire of this dog ,i mention was the most remarkable ,i ever heard of--a fine large pointer1 and often when hunting quails or pheasants in the woods he would bark up and had done it many times before they found out the cause4 ,one day while hunting pheasants he began to bark up a hollow beech stub1 and when called1 refused to leave his post1 and his hair was slightly raised1 which excited the hunter's curiosity and they procured an axe and felled the stub4 ,to their surprise1 two large 'coons came rolling out and were dispatched4 ,this solved the problem1 and after that1 he was the cause of many 'coons losing their life1 as he located them in the den and trees where they had not stepped a foot on the ground4 ,i for one can surely recommend this cross to make good 'coon dogs4 99 99 99 ,a few points in regard to a stud dog for fox4 ,pick a dog with a deep chest1 good strong loin1 long head and stands with his feet well under him4 ,about the feet--take the foot in your hand1 press gently1 and if it feels firm and springy like a piece of rubber1 that dog has a good foot1 which is very necessary in a fox dog1 but if he has a soft1 mushy foot1 let that dog alone1 no matter how good he looks1 for he will not stand long chases1 and the old adage that like begets like1 will surely show itself in this case4 99 99 99 ,there are a great many worthless dogs1 but the dogs are not to blame4 ,i am writing on fox dogs1 but it holds good on all dogs4 ,there is always a worthless bitch1 and sometimes several of them to be had for nothing1 and some fellow who wants a dog but don't want to pay a fair price says1 ,i'll get that bitch and breed her to that dog down at ,graysville4 ,they say he's a crackerjack1 and ,i'll get some good dogs and they won't cost me anything either4 ,well1 when the time comes to breed it's five miles to ,graysville1 and the roads are awful muddy1 and he concluded to breed to ,jim ,jones' dog just over the way1 saying he ain't much of a dog1 and a cousin to the bitch1 but his great-grandmother got more foxes than any dog over in these parts1 and some of the pups will breed back4 ,he gets eight or ten pups1 which he gets perhaps #a4jj a piece for1 and it costs just as much to raise a poor one as a good one4 ,the owners spend a lot of time trying to make dogs of them and have nothing at last4 ,in a running dog these are the qualities ,i think are needed4 ,first1 endurance1 because no dog can make a race after a red fox without it4 ,then speed1 a good nose1 lots of ambition1 good sense and the more of that the better2 and will need to be able to hear well to enable him to cut corners if he happens to get behind1 as any dog is liable to do4 ,after the pups are born1 don't let the bitch run until they are weaned1 for it will hurt both mother and puppies4 ,should she get very hot and then get to her pups you would likely lose some or perhaps all of them4 ,here we have still another favorite breed for 'coon hunting1 advanced by an old and tried hunter4 ,says he3 ,my choice of a breed of coon dog is a grade hound crossed on a bull or one-half hound1 one-fourth rat terrier and one-fourth ,scotch collie or shepherd or fox hound and beagle4 ,says another3 ,a hound to be a fine ranger does not require many years of training if he comes from a sire and dam that were both good rangers and which their own sire and dam and grand sire and grand dam were all good and highly trained dogs4 ,he is sure to hang from them and any sportsman having dogs of that strain will enjoy the use of his dog at once1 but where it takes three or five seasons and sometimes more to make a good dog1 is when they come from exhibition stock or from stock that have never been broken right4 ,if a hound is wrongly taught to hunt he will always be a crazy dog and will1 if bred1 give poor hunters exactly like himself4 ,an ,ohio ,fox ,hunter goes on record thus3 ,in breeding hounds some seem to expect great work on any line they wish to see the hound1 not stopping to think everything to its kind and everything to be perfect must be true to his nature4 ,the bloodhound is true to his nature with reasonable opportunity4 ,he is a man trailer1 a large1 strong dog1 built for strength and endurance but not for fleetness which all breeders concede the 'coon dog should be built upon4 ,strong in my opinion with strong jaws1 good size and a good muzzle1 a good scent with as much speed and determination as you can inject into their blood4 ,i am now speaking of coon dogs4 ,they may be bred almost any way and yet be good coon dogs but ,i find it is just as necessary to have them bred from coon hunting stock as for any dog or animal to be trained for any specific or especial purpose4 ,it must be bred with that object in view and as much of that blood and disposition injected into the veins as is possible to get4 ,the fox hound is a special or specific type or breed of dog4 ,he is bred for it1 built for it1 trained for it and if a true type of hound1 is it4 ,not all well bred dogs are fox dogs nor are all well bred horses fast4 ,only one in many4 ,but in order to have grounds to expect speed1 we must have breeding1 as the saying goes1 ,blood will tell4 ,some are daffy on pedigree1 others must have everything registered1 others ask only for the swing and staying qualities of their ancestors1 etc4 ,all breeds of hounds have some worthless1 yet some may be fairly good along some particular line and very much at fault in others4 ,some have speed but cannot be got to use it1 will not get in with a pack and run to a finish4 ,some will run with a slow pack all right but put them in with a fast pack and they will have their gallop out in from one to two hours4 ,they seem to have all the courage necessary but not the speed4 ,some will go after the first fox trail they ever smell of and others you have to train to follow4 ,i think this difference largely between the dog that is allowed to run at large and one raised in a corral4 ,one is fearful of everything1 the other fearless and full of self-confidence4 ,confidence is worth much in both dog and man4 ,so many cannot run unless they have their noses directly over the trail and have no driving instinct4 ,if they lose the trail1 go back and get it and bring it up to where they lost it before4 ,so for several times1 perhaps1 before getting away1 the dog running all the time1 ,mr4 ,fox sitting down waiting1 resting4 ,you never hear of such dogs catching or holding a fox4 ,they seem to be willing but lack the tact and fox sense4 ,i would say to breeders there are only a few characteristics necessary for good foxhounds and every breeder should see to this with careful study and tests4 ,first--,courage4 ,do not breed a dog on either side that has not got it4 ,it will crop out to make you ashamed of your dog some time4 ,second--,speed4 ,it is just as natural for the lover of a chase to want to be ahead1 as for the lover of the horse race1 but we cannot all be so2 often we find it easy to beat our slow packs in the neighborhood and how we swell up and think we can best anybody until we get away from home and get that bubble pricked4 ,other qualifications as to form and shape4 ,a dog should be compact enough to be strong4 ,he should be just as long as he can be to gather quickly4 ,a dog too long turning on all kinds of ground is like a horse with a very long stride trying to go fast on a short track4 ,his stride is too long for the lay of the ground4 ,another qualification and not in the least1--is voice4 ,the dog that has no voice holds not the highest place in his owner's pride4 ,a good hound1 one prized by his owner and loved by the lover of the chase must do three things at once1 run fast1 carry the trail and tongue well4 ,these requisitions make a good fox dog and if his shape and symmetry is good1 he is a valued dog4 ,breeders should look to it that these qualities are bred for at the sacrifice of everything else4 ,there may be places1 especially in very hilly country1 that a small hound is best4 ,in this section1 give me a good1 medium large dog1 say from #bb to #bd inches at shoulder and built in proportion with from #af to #ah inches earage4 ,color is a matter of taste4 ,i believe that our ,english cousins breed them so straight that the spots and marks are stamped on all alike4 ,i have heard it said so much that a stranger could hardly see any difference in a pack and when the ,american breeder gets to giving so much attention to their breeding1 then we will soon have a true type of hound4 ,then ,i will say courage1 driving with courage goes largely1 speed and voice1 good sound chest and body1 good wide head and long muzzle1 good bone and heavy forearm1 good long back1 good sound feet1 well padded1 with black upper mouth1 a hazel eye1 a strong loin and not too much flank4 ,regardless of color you have my ideal fox hound4 ,,chapter ,,xv4 ,,peculiarities ,,of ,,dogs ,,and ,,practical ,,hints4 ,never purchase a dog from an unknown party unless the said party can supply good references and testimonials regarding the square dealing and the merits of his strain of dogs4 ,if a man cannot give you this1 wait until you find one who can4 ,some people are inclined to believe that a big dog cannot compete with a smaller one4 ,most of them have to come to this conclusion because they have seen some big sloppy and lazy hound1 but take a big1 well built1 lively1 fleet and nervous hound1 and full of grit and he will hold his own and more4 ,it is just like trying to make a pony cover the same ground as a roadster1 declares a lover of hounds4 ,a pup of most any large breed of dogs will make a good watch dog if properly brought up4 ,if fondled and played with while young by everybody that happened to come to the house1 then the dog will be playful and friendly with people always later on4 ,if to be made cross and shun strangers1 the pup should be reared in a lot with high board fence to prevent him seeing what goes on outside4 ,the owner1 in disguise1 or better still some other person1 should now and then pound against the fence1 look over the top so the dog gets a glimpse at supposed intruders2 partly open the gate and peek in1 let the dog make a rush towards him but slam gate shut before quite coming up1 etc4 ,such practice will make any dog watchful and cross towards all strangers1 and will never make friends with any but his master4 ,for an imposing1 powerful and the best of watch dogs get a ,mastiff or a ,great ,dane4 ,it is not wise to expect too much of a new dog4 ,some of them will fret and worry after their friends and home for a long time1 will hardly eat or drink1 and it takes the best of care and attention to bring good results4 ,eventually they will become acquainted and regain their old form1 if properly encouraged4 ,i never pet my dogs while hunting except after killing game which in my opinion is pretty good policy as a dog like a man likes to have credit for what he had done4 ,remember also1 though contrary to the old fashioned theory that it is just as unreasonable to ask a dog to hunt without food as it would be to hitch up a horse and drive him all day without either hay or grain1 there has been many a good dog called a quitter simply because he was weak from the lack of food4 ,as for a quitter1 in my opinion a vast majority of them have never commenced1 not because they had a yellow streak1 as most hunters say1 but because like the ,irishman's pig1 they have too many streaks of lean4 ,as your dog is a better friend to you than most people of the ,j4 ,sneakum caliber1 why not treat him right8 ,in some journals there is considerable criticism and complaints1 and sometimes one feels like steering shy of many advertisements of fox hounds4 ,one publication invites all persons to inform its editor where any dog has been misrepresented and sold through its columns4 ,no doubt in many instances it may be the fault of the purchaser handling a strange dog4 ,i purchased a dog that followed at my heels for several trips and would not leave me until one day he put his nose in a fresh trail4 ,the other dog was out of hearing when he went out in a good race1 tongueing in good shape1 and was a ,no4 #a fox hound4 ,when a sportsman wishes to purchase a strange hound if he desires to get a good one he must pay the price and the way for him to not be fooled is to deposit his money at the express office and then have the dog sent on trial and if not satisfactory1 he returns the dog and pays the express charges one way4 ,this is the only safe way to get a good dog1 as a man that will accept these conditions will most certainly send you the right stuff at once and not a cull1 that he has scraped somewhere for #e4jj and sells you from #ae to #cj4 ,it's detrimental to allow a bird dog to roam and go self-hunting4 ,not being restricted he gets in all sorts of mischief4 ,keeping at home is the only remedy4 ,to give ample exercise arrange a trolley in the yard by driving two stakes into ground without projecting2 fasten a strong wire to top of posts and on this slip a ring to slide on2 to this snap the chain and the dog can run up and down the full length of wire4 ,within a few days he will learn the extent of run and chase up and down the full length for hours at a time1 then be content and restful4 ,by nature dogs are cleanly and will not soil their bed or kennel if to be avoided4 ,being shut up in a small place may cause them to be uncleanly and soil the floor1 making it disagreeable1 as by rolling in play all the dogs will constantly present soiled appearance4 ,however1 even in a small kennel this can be regulated as follows3 ,thoroughly clean out the place and scrub2 in one corner bore some holes into floor and spread sawdust over this part only2 litter the rest of space with clean straw and besprinkle this with some strong disinfectant4 ,turn in the dogs4 ,at once one or more will go to sawdust portion1--this done the ice is broken and henceforth all the dogs will use this part only as retiring place1 leaving the remainder perfectly clean4 ,teach your hound not to be afraid of water1 and to circle the tree and to keep an eye on the coon and to bark treed1 but never allow him to get whipped by any coon at first as this will discourage him4 ,not only this1 but the coon may blind him should he strike him in the eye4 ,it is better always to hold or tie the dog before shooting the coon1 and when he drops to make sure that he cannot fight much more before allowing the dog near him4 ,,chapter ,,xvi4 ,,ailments ,,of ,,the ,,dog4 ,dogs as well as people sometimes fall ill4 ,proper care and sanitary lodgings will reduce the danger1 but sickness will occasionally occur1 no matter how great the precautions4 ,dog owners should therefore acquaint themselves with the commoner forms of ailment to which dogs are subject and thus be in a position to quickly administer such relief as is possible1 thereby frequently stopping a sick spell promptly that might otherwise result seriously if not fatally4 ,the dog is very similar to man in his ailments as well as in his susceptibility to drugs4 ,as a general thing medicine that is good for a human being is good for a dog under similar circumstances4 ,while no definite rule can be laid down says an eminent authority1 it may be said that a dose suitable for an adult person is correct for the largest dogs1 such as ,st4 ,bernards2 for dogs from forty to fifty pounds the dose should correspond with that given to a child twelve to fourteen years of age1 and so on down4 ,few veterinarians make a study of the dog1 and they rarely are of any use when called4 ,however1 those who have made a special study may be consulted with advantage and saving4 ,we have not the space here to go into an exhaustive recitation of dog diseases1 symptoms1 treatment and remedies4 ,if you are at a loss concerning your dog1 write to one of the ,dog ,doctors1 whose advertisements appear in sporting magazines1 and he can no doubt diagnose the case and forward the medicine you require at a minimum cost4 ,in nearly all cases he will forward you a free booklet describing the prevalent diseases and his remedies applicable to same4 ,the following from the pen of ,h4 ,clay ,glover1 ,v4 ,s41 will no doubt give many readers some light on one of the common afflictions that prove so troublesome4 ,,indigestion ,,in ,,dogs4 ,eczema is a frequent symptom1 and let me state right here that ,i find more cases of eczematous eruptions arising from a disordered condition of the digestion than any other cause4 ,doubtless many who will read this will recognize the fact that at some time some certain dog has had some obstinate skin trouble1 all kinds of which are by the layman diagnosed as mange1 and that1 after trying various mange cures to which the trouble has not yielded1 the blood has been treated with no better results4 ,to any one who have1 or may have in the future1 indigestion cases1 let me advise the following treatment1 viz43 ,feed rather sparingly three times a day on raw or scraped beef1 this being the most readily accepted and most easily digested of all foods when the digestion is disordered1 allowing no other diet1 and giving immediately after each meal one of the digestive pills4 ,add to the drinking water lime water in the proportion of one to thirty4 ,by following this treatment as laid down1 many cases of eczema will disappear4 ,some probably1 may be accelerated by the use of a skin lotion in conjunction4 ,eczema in these cases is merely a symptom appearing in evidence of disordered digestion4 ,indigestion may be considered as a mild form of gastritis1 which if not corrected1 will be followed by true gastritis1 the stomach then being in such condition that nothing is retained1 even water being returned immediately after drinking4 ,this will be accompanied by fever1 colic1 emaciation and only too often followed by death4 ,,distemper4 ,we quote further from ,dr4 ,glover's booklet1 some practical information on another of the more common dog ailments3 ,the term distemper is particularly applied to animals of the brute creation2 to the dog when afflicted with that disease somewhat resembling typhus fever in the human race4 ,we have now become quite familiar with the nature of the disease and the remedies indicated2 consequently the loss by death is comparatively small when proper treatment and attention are employed4 ,in early days1 those dogs that were fortunate enough to survive this disease did so merely through strength of constitution and not from the assistance of any remedial agent1 as utter ignorance of the subject then prevailed4 ,the disease doubtless then appeared in a much milder form than that with which our present highly bred animals are afflicted4 ,owing to more or less inbreeding that has been indulged in to intensify certain forms and characteristics in dogs of most all breeds1 constitution has to some extent been sacrificed4 ,animals bred in this way are in consequence less able to resist or combat disease than those with less pretentious claims to family distinction4 ,,causes--,bad sanitary conditions1 crowded or poorly drained kennels1 exposure to dampness1 insufficient or over feeding1 improper diet1 lack of fresh air and exercise1 all conduce to the development of distemper4 ,it is contagious1 infectious1 and will frequently appear spontaneously without any apparent cause in certain localities1 assuming an epidemic form4 ,age is no exemption from distemper1 though it more frequently attacks young animals than adults4 ,very few dogs pass through life without having it at some period4 ,,symptoms--,in early stages1 dullness1 loss of appetite1 sneezing1 chills1 fever1 undue moisture of the nose1 congestion of the eyes1 nausea1 a gagging cough accompanied by the act of vomition1 though rarely anything is voided 7if anything1 it will be a little mucous71 thirst1 a desire to lie in a warm place1 and rapid emaciation4 ,this is quickly followed by mucopurulent discharge from the eyes and nose2 later1 perhaps1 ulceration of either eyes or eyelids4 ,labored respiration1 constipation or obstinate diarrhoea1 usually the latter1 which frequently runs into inflammation of the bowels4 ,in some cases many of the above symptoms will be absent1 the bowels being the first parts attacked4 ,the following1 which sometimes1 but not necessarily1 occur with distemper1 ,i classify as complications1 viz43 ,fits1 ,chorea1 ,paralysis1 ,pneumonia or ,bronco-,pneumonia1 ,jaundice1 and ,inflammation of the ,bowels1 and will require treatment independent of any one remedy that may be given4 ,,treatment--,the animal should be placed in warm1 dry quarters1 and hygienic conditions strictly observed4 ,with puppies1 at the start give vermifuge1 as nearly all have worms which add greatly to the irritation of stomach1 bowels and nervous system4 ,the bedding should be changed daily and the apartment disinfected twice a week4 ,feed frequently on easily digested1 nutritious diet1 such as beef tea or mutton broth1 thickened with rice4 ,let all food be slightly cool1 and keep fresh cold water at all times within reach of the animal4 ,if constipation be present give warm water and glycerine enemas1 and an occasional dose of castor oil if necessary4 ,should the bowels become too much relaxed with any tendency to inflammation1 feed entirely upon food1 such as arrowroot1 farina or corn starch with well boiled milk1 as even beef tea is somewhat of an irritation to the stomach and bowels4 ,in the treatment of distemper1 one great object is to keep up the general strength1 so in case of extreme debility a little whisky in milk or milk punches may be allowed4 ,if your efforts are not successful and you are in danger of losing one or more good dogs1 write a specialist4 ,it would require fifty pages of this book to go into the subject fully4 ,,rheumatism4 ,acute rheumatism in the dog is similar to that in the human body1 effecting the joints4 ,muscular rheumatism settles in the muscles4 ,if given early #e to #ae grains1 twice a day1 of salicate of sodium is a most excellent preventative measure4 ,a severe case demands more elaborate care4 ,,rickets4 ,those accustomed to dogs have seen cases of rickets4 ,it is a constitutional or inherited affliction1 and attacks puppies most frequently4 ,nothing can be done save kill the sufferer if the attack is severe1 or build up the health generally1 toward outgrowing the trouble1 if mild4 ,these are only a few of the ailments the faithful dog is heir to2 yet in a general way1 a healthy dog is no more subject to disease than a healthy person1 and in many cases the old family watch dog will pass a long and useful life with no more serious trouble than he can readily cope with1 with the assistance of nature4 ,we add some practical advice from ,mr4 ,amer ,braley of ,dade ,co41 ,florida1 as to what will cure canker in the ears of dogs1 a prevalent and aggravating trouble3 ,will say ,i have cured cases of it of long standing by working boracic acid well into their ears1 usually a few applications does the work4 ,there is a disease that kills more dogs in ,florida than all the other causes put together4 ,it is called sore mouth1 black tongue1 new disease and other names4 ,i lost some fine hounds of this disease1 usually dying from six to eight days from the time of showing disease4 ,symptoms of it are generally languor1 dullness about the eyes1 little or no appetite1 sometimes feverish and a dryness about the mouth and at other times slobbers hang down from the mouth4 ,they seem anxious to drink water but are unable to swallow it4 ,their tongues seem to be somewhat paralyzed1 they can hardly pick up anything4 ,they usually want to roam around where they will not be molested4 ,i will give a remedy that ,i have which has cured several cases of this disease with the only ones ,i ever knew to survive it4 ,i will give it for it may be the means of saving the lives of some good dogs4 ,a gelatin coated pill or capsule of quinine containing five grains twice a day for two days1 then one each day for a week4 ,also swab out their mouth with the following3 ,chlorate potassium half ounce1 murvate tincture iron half ounce4 ,put into one pint of water and shake well4 ,tie rag or cotton to stick1 letting it protrude over the end1 and swab out the mouth two or three times a day4 ,you want to go right at once to giving the remedy for if the disease runs #cf hours ,i don't think there is any cure for it4 ,the size doses mentioned here are for good-sized dogs as grown hounds4 ,smaller ones and pups reduce accordingly4 ,there is another disease that dogs are sometimes taken with in this country4 ,some say it is caused by ticks4 ,it is called staggers as the dog that is affected with it staggers as he walks4 ,it seems as though they can't manage their hind parts4 ,sometimes they break down and have to drag their hind parts 7sled fashion47 ,a remedy that ,i have never known to fail yet for that is3 ,lard and spirits of turpentine about equal parts mixed and bathe in well across the kidneys and also across the back of head where it joins to neck4 ,usually two or three applications makes a cure4 ,,part ,,iii4 ,,dog ,,lore4 ,,chapter ,,xvii4 ,,still ,,trailers ,,vs4 ,,tonguers4 ,,music4 ,perhaps no more mooted question enters in for so widely separated opinion as the comparative superiority of the ,still ,trailing dog and the ,tonguers4 ,the still or mute trailer is the deer1 rabbit or night dog which does not give tongue on the trail4 ,he keeps his silence1 until his game is treed or in sight and about to tree4 ,the tonguer gives forth a joyous and lusty cry as soon as he makes a strike1 and continues to do so until the chase terminates4 ,when treed he changes his bark1 so that usually the hunter can distinguish between the signals4 ,we shall withhold personal opinion as to the preferable style1 and present the arguments of a number of adherents on both sides of the question1 allowing the reader to come to his own conclusion4 ,a ,west ,virginia 'coon expert says1 in favor of the tonguer3 ,i have had several good 'coon dogs1 both tonguers and silent trailers4 ,this is a hilly1 brushy country1 with lots of deep hollows4 ,the best 'coon dog ,i ever had was a three-fourths fox hound1 one-fourth bull dog4 ,he was very fast with a good nose and a wide hunter4 ,he never struck a cold trail and went straight ahead all the time4 ,he has started a 'coon half a mile away from me and would go right out of hearing of me1 and ,i would follow the way ,i would judge the 'coon to travel and would be hours finding him barking treed4 ,if he had been a mute trailer ,i would have left him in the woods without the slightest idea where he was and that is no fun when you have gone three or four miles walk from home to get a 'coon chase4 ,another brother puts it this way3 ,some hunters prefer a still trailer on a cold trail4 ,i have handled both kinds but it is an advantage to the hunter in keeping in touch with his hound if the hound will wind his horn occasionally on a cold trail for very often a wide hound will travel a couple of miles on a cold trail before starting the game4 ,in windy weather1 the hunters might be at a loss to know in which direction his dog was working1 if he did not hear him4 ,i like a dog with a loud1 clear voice and one that keeps the music going steady once the game is afoot4 ,still another gives voice to his sentiment thus3 ,i want a good tonguer1 one that will give me no trouble in keeping the direction they are going4 ,one that is a courser1 that is1 that never foots around trying to find every track a 'coon makes1 but keeps on finding ahead anywhere from a hundred yards to a quarter of a mile4 ,that kind of a dog keeps you awake when cold trailing1 and is apt to warm up at any time4 ,a ,western tonguer adherent says3 ,for 'coon ,i like the cold trailer that lets you know where he is going1 and don't believe they will hole any sooner for him than a still trailer1 and ,i never saw a full blooded hound still track4 ,my hounds give a long whoop every few rods on cold trail1 and will back brush a 'coon or wolf that is many hours old but will find him1 and you can follow up so as to keep in hearing4 ,my dogs are quite fast but ,i do not go back on a moderately slow dog to shoot after4 ,i think they circle better4 ,from ,indian ,territory comes this addition to the testimony3 ,the thoroughbred hound for 'coon is my view after #dj years' experience4 ,a good many are giving their idea as to which is best1 the still trailer or the dog that gives tongue4 ,i have never known a thoroughbred hound fail to give tongue on trail4 ,the thoroughbred has the greatest powers of scent and this is very important as you do not have to travel so much ground to find a trail that he can run4 ,what we want when we go after 'coon is to start and catch all we can4 ,if we cannot start one we cannot catch him1 sure4 ,i have followed behind over the same ground with my hound that another party had been over with their still trailers and caught more 'coon than they4 ,and again if you are out on a windy night and your still trailer gets a 'coon treed to the windward of you1 you might as well go home as there will be no more fun for you if he is a good tree dog4 ,now just one thing more in regard to still trailers catching 'coon on the ground4 ,that has not been my experience1 for you all know when you go a rabbit hunting with a still trailer1 how soon the rabbit will hole4 ,he has no warning where the dog is1 so in trailing 'coon1 the 'coon will wait and listen to the hound and if he is a fast runner1 ,mr4 ',coon has waited too long4 ,he must make for the nearest tree or get caught4 ,with the still trailer1 the 'coon hears the leaves and brush snapping and without any more warning makes for his home tree4 ,hundreds of hunters take this view1 that is1 favor the dog which barks from the time he takes up the trail4 ,the principal advantage as has been pointed out1 is that the hound and hunter may thus keep in closer touch1 and that the hunter is treated to music1 so sweet to the ear of the average enthusiast4 ,another considerable following1 however1 at once take issue and present an array of argument in favor of the dog which keeps his silence4 ,let us first consider the views of a conservative ,pennsylvania brother1 in favor of the still trailer3 ,i see a good many 'coon hunters disagree on 'coon dogs1 still trailers vs4 tongueing dogs4 ,now in my experience1 ,i have used nearly all kinds of 'coon dogs1 some good ones and some not so good4 ,i think the difference is in the kind of country to be hunted1 for hunting in a very rough country that is cut up by long hollows and large tracts of timber ,i prefer a tongueing dog4 ,for hunting in this locality where it is all cut up into small fields with principally all rail fences and timber in small blocks1 mostly cut over by lumbermen and nothing left but hollow trees and brush1 ,i prefer a still trailer by long odds1 as the noisy dog gives the 'coon warning as soon as he strikes the trail1 then ,mr4 ',coon takes to the rail fence or a jungle of briers and old tree tops and begins to get busy and is soon in one of those hollow trees1 where he is perfectly safe as far as ,i am concerned1 for ,i never cut down any den trees4 ,the still trailer does his work quietly and is right on to the 'coon before it is aware that the dog is after it4 ,so ,mr4 ',coon is obliged to climb whatever kind of a tree there is handy and very often is taken on the ground4 ,from a ,central ,states hunter's letter3 ,i used to be a dear lover of a dog that would bark on trail and raise some of them1 but now my choice is a still trailer1 as a quiet trailer suits this locality best on account of the thickly populated country and the great amount of stock raised1 and a great many farmers claim the constant barking of dogs frightens their sheep4 ,for that reason fox chasing is fast losing its interest and foxes are becoming quite a nuisance in the destruction of quail1 pheasant1 rabbit and such like game4 ,a brother of conviction on this question writes3 ,it takes patience1 perseverance and skill to properly train a hound for 'coon4 ,first1 the dog must be silent until he finds the hot scent1 so as not to give ,mr4 ,coon time to commence his sunny ways1 as the 'coon has a good knowledge box and lots of strings to his bow which he uses to evade ,mr4 ,hound4 ,he will swim down and sometimes up stream and often crosses them4 ,will never miss a hollow log and comes out at the other end1 and will climb leaning trees and leap from them to others and may return to the stream for a good long swim before he will make quietly for his den4 ,this is what an old 'coon will often do with a noisy dog1 but with a swift and silent one he will have to climb at once and stay there4 ,another telling stroke for silence3 ,regarding silent trailers3 ,by silent trailer ,i mean a dog that will not tongue the very instant he finds an old trail when there is yet some scent1 but that will work it quietly until he starts the game4 ,i have often seen hounds roar on an old scent as well as on a new one4 ,these dogs have generally a special gait1 which they keep steady whether the trail is cold or hot1 and give the full cry the whole time1 and also often come to a full stop to blast away a few louder roars4 ,these dogs dwell too long on the scent for me4 ,my strain of dogs will open only when they are on a hot scent2 if cold1 they will cover the ground silently and fast4 ,a swift dog cannot keep up the full cry1 but will give a roar now and then and not bark often as it takes a lot of wind to roar4 ,therefore1 a dog cannot be a flyer and a roarer in the meantime1 and a deer1 fox1 lynx or 'coon1 chased by a fleet and silent dog as above mentioned1 will have to point at once for safety1 and will have no spare time for tricks4 ,the lynx or 'coon will have to climb in a hurry the first tree he finds1 while with a noisy dog ,mr4 ',coon will commence with his tricks as soon as he will hear the music1 and ,i maintain and stand ready to prove that a silent trailer as ,i have described will water more deer in five hours in this country than a noisy one will in five days4 ,illustration3 ,he ,was ,here a ,moment ,ago6 ,,the ,,music ,,of ,,the ,,hound4 ,the term music as applied to the barking of trailing hunting dogs1 is to the uninitiated a gross misnomer4 ,isn't that music grand6 exclaimed an enthusiast afield4 ,i can hear no music for the noise those dogs are making1 replied the other4 ,and so it goes4 ,the hound is the master orator1 with a command of language that varies from uncertainty1 joy1 anxiety1 conviction1 eagerness with great clearness and truth4 ,his shades of meaning are accurately intonated and perfectly comprehendible to the well versed hunter4 ,the hound is looked upon with disdain by people who know not his capabilities1 and is considered in the nature of the dunce of the tribe4 ,well do the well informed know that he is the most delicately strung and the most highly emotional type we have4 ,every note that he utters is an expression of emotion4 ,because emotion is more susceptible to music than any other agency1 his code of expression is likened unto notes of music1 and with more fidelity than some instrumental sound producers committed in the name of music4 ,a student of this pure and undefiled language says3 ,each note represents a particular feeling1 and the whole harmoniously blended1 tells a simple story in a pleasing way4 ,now the hound takes up the cold trail4 ,he signals his master--there are notes of expectancy and hope in the tone4 ,as the scent grows warmer1 his tone of hope rises4 ,he makes a loss4 ,could anything express regret and chagrin any more plainly than his doleful cry8 ,back on the trail4 ,then joy again4 ,then comes the excited1 imperative1 anxious yet joyous fortissimo scale running when the quarry trees4 ,illustration3 ,here ,he ,is6 ,he who has not been schooled in classical music sits bored and alone at the production of an opera1 or yawns and wishes he were at home in bed1 as the vigorous long haired performer spells out his emotions on the piano key board4 ,so it is that one with no ear for music of the hound is disgusted thruout the sally to the woods at night1 or the fields by day4 ,he can dwell upon nothing save the scratches1 falls and efforts required1 all of which another forgets in fixing his attention on the action and music of the chase4 ,some hounds are better singers than others1 just as is the case with people4 ,also he must be trained to perform pleasingly and truly4 ,if he is well trained and is certain in his movements it will be reflected in his music4 ,if he is faulty in foot and head work he will also betray these faults in his voice4 ,anxious to cover his own shortcomings1 he takes to guessing and guesses wrong4 ,he becomes a liar1 and his singing is like unto the fellow with a cracked voice who insists on singing in the church choir1 thereby annoying everybody4 ,an experienced hunter can tell by the song of a hound how capable he is1 even if there were not many other ways of fixing values4 ,bring up a hound under proper training methods1 and he is almost certain to prove a rare musician4 ,if you are not versed in music of this kind1 you are unfortunate1 and should join the fox or 'coon hunters and take a course of lessons4 ,it is well worth while4 ,,chapter ,,xviii4 ,,the ,,dog ,,on ,,the ,,trap ,,line4 ,some trappers will take issue in regard to the advantages and disadvantages of the dog on the trap line4 ,the subject holds sufficient interest1 however1 to warrant a chapter1 and if some lonesome trappers benefit thereby1 our effort shall stand justified4 ,now1 we will say first that there is as much or more difference in the man who handles the dog as there is in the different breeds of dogs4 ,we have heard men say that they wanted no dog on the trap line with them1 and that they didn't believe that any one who did want a dog on the trap line knew but very little about trapping at the best4 ,now those are the views and ideas of some trappers1 while my experience has led me to see it otherwise4 ,one who is so constituted that they must give a dog the growl or perhaps a kick every time they come in reach1 will undoubtedly find a dog of but little use on the trap line4 ,we have known some dogs to refuse to eat1 and would lay out where they could watch in the direction in which their master had gone and piteously howl for hours1 waiting the return of the master and friend4 ,i have seen other dogs that would take for the barn or any other place to get out of the way at the first sight or sound of their master4 ,this man's dog is usually more attached to a stranger than to his master4 ,the man who cannot treat his dog as a friend and companion will have good cause to say that a dog is a nuisance on the trap line4 ,i have seen men training dogs for bird hunting1 who would treat the dog most cruelly and claim that a dog could not be trained to work a bird successfully under any other treatment4 ,though ,i have seen others train the same breed of dogs to work a bird to perfection and that their most harsh treatment would be a tap or two with a little switch4 ,i will say that one who cannot understand the wag of a dog's tail1 the wistful gaze of the eye1 the quick lifting of the ears1 the cautious raising of a foot1 and above all1 treat his dog as a friend1 need expect his dog to be but little else than a nuisance on the trap line4 ,several years ago ,i had a partner who had a dog1 part stag hound and the other part just dog1 ,i think4 ,one day he 7my partner7 asked if ,i would object to his bringing the dog to camp1 saying that his wife was going on a visit and he had no place to leave the dog4 ,i told him that if he had a good dog ,i would be glad to have him in camp4 ,in a day or two pard went home and brought in the dog4 ,well1 when he came the dog was following along behind his master with tail and ears drooping1 and looking as though he never heard a kind word in his life4 ,i asked if the animal was any good and he replied that he did not know how good he was4 ,i asked the name of the dog4 ,he said1 ,oh1 ,i call him ,pont4 ,i spoke to the dog1 calling him by name4 ,he looked at me wistfully1 wagging his tail4 ,the look that dog gave me said to me as plainly as words that this was the first kind word he had ever heard4 ,we went inside and the dog started to follow1 when his master in a harsh voice said1 get out of here4 ,i said1 where do you expect the dog to go8 ,i then took an old coat that was in the camp1 placed it in the corner and called gently to ,pont1 patted the coat and told him to lay down on the coat1 which he did4 ,i patted him saying that is a good place for ,pont1 and ,i can see that wistful gaze the dog gave me1 now4 ,after we had our supper ,i asked my partner if he wasn't going to fix ,pont some supper4 ,oh1 after a while ,i will see if ,i can't find something for him4 ,i took a biscuit from the table1 spread some butter on it1 called the dog to me1 broke the biscuit in pieces1 and gave it to the dog from my hand2 then ,i found an old basin that chanced to be about the camp and fixed the dog a good supper4 ,after the dog had finished his supper ,i went to the coat in the corner1 spoke gently to ,pont1 patted the coat1 and told him to lay down on the coat4 ,that was the end of that1 ,pont knew his place and took it without any further trouble4 ,the next morning when we were about ready to start out on the trap line ,i asked ,pard what he intended to do with ,pont4 ,he said that he would tie him to a tree that stood against the shanty close to the door4 ,we were going to take different lines of traps4 ,i said1 ,what is the harm of ,pont's going with me8 ,all right1 if you want him1 ,i don't want any dog with me4 ,i said1 ,am1 7that was ,pard's given name1 for short7 ,i don't believe the dog wants to go with you any more than you want him to4 ,am's reply was that he guessed he would go all right if he wanted him4 ,i said4 ,am1 just for shucks1 say nothing to the dog and see which one he will follow4 ,so we stepped outside the shack and the dog stood close to me4 ,i said1 ,go on ,am1 and we will see who the dog will follow4 ,he started off and the dog only looked at him4 ,am stopped and told the dog to come on4 ,the dog got around behind me4 ,am said1 ,if ,i wanted you to come1 you would come or ,i would break your neck4 ,i said1 ,no1 ,am1 you won't break ,pout's neck while ,i am around2 it would not look nice4 ,i started on my way1 ,pont following after ,i had gone a little ways4 ,i spoke to ,pont1 patting him on the head and told him what a good dog he was4 ,he jumped about and showed more ways than one how pleased he was1 and from that day until we broke camp1 ,pont stayed with me4 ,he showed plainly the disgust he had for his master4 ,it so happened that the first trap ,i came to was a trap set in a spring run1 and it had a 'coon in it4 ,i allowed ,pont to help kill the 'coon1 and after the 'coon was dead1 ,i patted ,pont and told him what great things he had done in capturing the 'coon4 ,pont showed what pride he took in the hunt1 so much so that he did not like to have ,am go near the pelt4 ,i saw from the very first day out that all that ,pont needed was kind treatment and proper training to make a good help on the trap line4 ,i was careful to let him know what ,i was doing when setting a trap1 and when he would go to smell at the bait after a trap had been set1 ,i would speak to him in a firm voice and let him know that ,i did not approve of what he was doing4 ,when making blind sets1 ,i took the same pains to show and give him to understand what ,i was doing4 ,i would sometimes1 after giving him fair warning1 let him put his foot into a trap4 ,i would scold him in a moderate manner and release him4 ,then all the time ,i was resetting the trap ,i would talk trap to him1 and by action and word teach him the nature of the trap4 ,mr4 ,trapper1 please do not persuade yourself to believe that the intelligent dog cannot understand if you go about it right4 ,in two weeks ,pont had advanced so far in his training that ,i no longer had to pay any attention to him on account of the traps4 ,the third day ,pont was with me he found a 'coon that had escaped with a trap nearly two weeks before4 ,my route called me up a little draw from the main stream4 ,i had not gone far up this when ,pont took the trail of some animal and began working it up the side of the hill4 ,i stood and watched him until the trail took him to an old log1 when ,pont began to sniff at a hole in the log4 ,he soon raised his head and gave a long howl1 as much as to say he is here and ,i want help4 ,after running a stick in the hole ,i soon discovered that the log was hollow4 ,i took my belt axe and pounded along on the log until ,i thought ,i was at the right point and then chopped a hole in the log1 and as good luck would have it1 ,i made the opening right on to the 'coon1 and almost the first thing ,i saw on looking into the log was the trap4 ,pont soon had the 'coon out1 and when ,i saw it was the 'coon that had escaped with our trap1 ,i gave ,pont praise for what he had done1 petting him and telling him of his good deed1 and he seemed to understand it all4 ,not long after this ,am came into camp at night and reported that a fox had broken the chain on a certain trap and gone off with the trap1 saying that he would take ,pont in the morning and see if he could find the fox4 ,in the morning when we were ready to go ,am tried to have ,pont follow him1 but it was no go1 ,pont would not go with him4 ,then ,am put a rope on to him and tried to lead him1 but ,pont would sulk and would not be led4 ,then ,am lost his temper and wanted to break ,pont's neck again4 ,i said that ,i did not like to have ,pont abused and that ,i would go along with him4 ,when we came to the place where the fox had escaped with the trap ,am at once began to slap his hands and hiss ,pont on4 ,pont only crouched behind me for protection4 ,i persuaded ,am to go on down the run and look at the traps down that way while ,i and ,pont would look after the escaped fox4 ,as soon as ,am was gone ,i began to look about where the fox had been caught and search for his trail1 and soon ,pont began to wag his tail4 ,i merely worked ,pont's way and said1 ,has he gone that way8 ,pont gave me to understand that the fox had gone that way and that he knew what was wanted4 ,the trail soon left the main hollow and took up a little draft4 ,a little way up this we found where the fox had been fast in some bushes but had freed himself and left and gone up the hillside4 ,pont soon began to get uneasy1 and when ,i said hunt him out ,pont1 away he went and in a few minutes ,i heard ,pont give a long howl and ,i knew that he had holed his game4 ,when ,i came up to ,pont he was working in a hole in some shell rocks4 ,i pulled away some loose rocks and could see the fox1 and we soon had him out1 and ,pont seemed more pleased over the hunt than ,i was4 ,there was scarcely a week that ,pont did not help us out on the trap line4 ,not unfrequently did ,pont show me a 'coon den4 ,i had some difficulty in teaching ,pont to let the porcupines alone1 but after a time he learned that they were not the kind of game that he wanted1 and he paid no more attention to them4 ,i have had many different dogs on the trap line with me1 and ,i can say to any one who can understand dog's language1 has a liking for a dog and has a reasonable amount of patience and is willing to use it1 will find a well trained dog of much benefit on the trap line1 and often a more genial companion than some partners one may fall in with4 ,but if one is so constituted that he must give his dog a growl or a kick every time he comes in reach1 and perhaps only give his dog half enough to eat and cannot treat a dog as a friend1 then ,i say1 leave the dog off the trap line4 ,illustration3 ,a ,group of ,typical ,sledge ,dogs4 ,,chapter ,,xix4 ,,sledge ,,dogs ,,of ,,the ,,north4 ,not a hunting dog in a strict sense of the word1 yet most important in that connection1 is the sledge dog1 in transportation of hunters and their outfits to and from the hunting and trapping scenes4 ,following is a first hand1 specially written article by ,colonel ,f4 ,h4 ,buzzacott1 the intrepid ,arctic explorer4 ,that he writes from experience is evident1 which necessarily adds interest and value to his highly interesting contribution4 ,what the ,indian pony is to the plain ,indian1 the ,pack ,horse or ,mule is to the ,white ,settler1 ,hunter or ,trapper1 the ,sledge ,dog or ,reindeer is to natives of the distant and ,far ,north4 ,an old saying among frontiersmen is that a white man will abandon a horse as broken down and utterly unable to go when a ,mexican will take that same horse and make him go a hundred miles further1 while an ,indian after all of this will mount and ride him for a week still4 ,with all ,indians1 natives of the north or ,esquimaux1 knives are luxuries1 ponies and dogs1 necessities4 ,yet1 for all that1 they are never stabled1 curried1 washed1 blanketed1 shod1 seldom protected or even fed4 ,when the icy cold wintry blasts sweep the drifting snows over plain and valley and buries under his white mantle his food he either digs for it1 finds and eats what he can1 or starves4 ,in my plains experience with the ,indians or in the ,polar ,regions with the natives of the north or ,esquimaux1 ,i have observed that the love of an ,indian for his ponies1 an ,esquimaux for his dogs or ,laplander for his reindeer consists in seeing how much he really can get out of them with the least trouble or effort to him4 ,i have seen the ,indians or natives of the northwest and the ,esquimaux of ,hudson's and ,baffin's ,bay1 ,greenland1 etc41 drive half starved dogs to the sledge until they fell or froze1 only to be eaten by their masters or mates1 whom for a lifetime they had pulled with or served faithfully4 ,necessity recognizes no law--man is but an animal himself--and in the struggle for life or gain it is everywhere but the ,survival of the ,fittest or strongest and passing of the weak1 be it white man or ,indian4 ,the best of the ,sledge ,dogs of the ,north are to be found in ,greenland or ,siberia1 ,samoyed dogs or its ,esquimaux cousin1 the ,immit ,dog1 used by explorers and ,esquimaux generally4 ,those with short1 thick hair1 medium build1 size and full breed are considered the best for all around work4 ,they will exist and work well on one pound of food per day1 or a big feast once a week4 ,their food consists mostly of dried and fresh fish1 carrion or fresh1 or1 if with explorers1 dog biscuit added4 ,they closely resemble a wolf and howl like one4 ,are of various colors and sizes1 iron grey predominating4 ,they average about two feet four inches in height by three feet six inches in length1 of unusually light weight for their size1 owing to the bristle out appearance of their hair which adds to their real size4 ,as a rule females are killed at birth1 except those few to suffice for breeding4 ,commence training at six months to a year old and when two or three years old and seasoned to work are considered prime and preferable for long heavy distant sledging and hunting4 ,the best trained of the team 7eight1 twelve or more in number7 is selected as a leader4 ,they are guided by voice and whip1 a loud ,brr-,brr taking the place of our ,gee in starting and the word ,sass-,sass used as ,whoa4 ,hi and ,he for right and left1 ,ho to correct1 or speed1 as they are trained1 of course4 ,a good leader possesses the quality of rarely failing to lead one safely over any route once traveled by them1 bringing you safely to the place even if buried under the snow4 ,they eat each other's flesh wolf-like with gusto and will tear their fellows to pieces in fight or injury1 unless beaten1 torn apart or separated by a man of whom they are afraid4 ,they hate water in winter as much as they love it in summer when they frequent the salmon streams and support themselves by fishing1 pounce upon nearing fish of any size that approach them1 much as does the bear1 two of them even tackling an immensely big fish and fighting to secure and bring it to shore4 ,as bear1 muskox1 or reindeer1 dogs1 a pack of them will invariably round up1 hold or drive anything sighted within reasonable distance so long as the hunters will follow on1 needing but little urging1 as they realize the prospect of a good big feast1 hence get busy to the end2 younger dogs often paying the penalty with their lives but seldom older ones4 ,as a rule1 rawhide or seal harness is used in the far north1 ,alaska and ,greenland and by the ,esquimaux but with the explorers these consist mostly of canvas collar like attachments made of fourfold strips1 two of which pass or slip over the critter's back1 the other two between the forelegs1 the whole united to a trace and this in turn fastened by a toggle1 hook or ring to the sledge or drag rope4 ,the dogs are hitched to this1 either side of the drag1 or alternately single or double1 distant a few feet from each other4 ,the guiding dog or leader is ahead leading while the others follow4 ,where canvas harness or steel wire rope is used on the drag by ,expeditions it is because it lessens the chances of the harness being stolen1 chewed or eaten1 when rations become scarce4 ,in heavy traveling they are used and hitched double for fast travel1 alternate and single as exigencies require and will travel from #aj to #ej miles a day according to conditions of road1 load1 snow1 ice1 etc4 ,when hitched or prior to it1 they are usually lightly fed so as to bring them to reach their destination and ,tether1 loafers soon learn that they must earn their food4 ,at times when worked hard1 they get off feed1 so to speak1 sulk and refuse to come up to a drag4 ,in which case the remaining dogs must do the work and rarely do they fail to whine1 show their contempt for such action and punish ,his ,nibs at the first chance later on1 even pining to get at him1 sled and all1 as they observe him following behind alone4 ,on hard pulls1 or uneven drags1 they play out easily1 act mulish1 refusing to budge until the sled is started or at variance with each other4 ,otherwise1 the start is a steady pull until well under way4 ,a good team double will pull easily a load of #a1jjj pounds or more1 single about one-half1 depending largely on condition of themselves and the road they travel4 ,the ,esquimaux seldom spares them or the whip1 ,brring them on and ,hi-ying if needs be4 ,about eight hours' work constitutes a day's travel or they go until played out1 the latter case most likely4 ,when traveling they are fairly obedient and preserve a steady equal pulling that occasionally is relieved by a jerky1 gallop-like pace4 ,well trained dogs preserve their pace and tug on the harness for hours at a time4 ,usually they stop every hour or so for breathing spells as the atmosphere in those regions winds them easily4 ,if traveling fast on ice and one falls or slips1 he is dragged along1 half strangled1 until he regains his feet1 place and position in line again1 or1 becoming tangled he is loosened up4 ,by this time he has been snapped a few times by the dogs about him as if to punish him for his carelessness4 ,ordinarily1 the leader responds promptly to the driver's voice1 guiding1 turning1 halting or increasing speed at the given command4 ,when1 however1 they scent game1 they become difficult to manage1 requiring utmost application of the whip to keep the trail or direction and this invariably ends in confusion1 hopeless tangle and upset sledge4 ,handling1 feeding1 training calls for more judgment and patience than skill1 driving especially4 ,they refuse to cross apparently weak yet tested ice1 pressure ridges1 ice or snow cracks and mule-like1 will make a plunging jump over a depression 7when in trace7 which ordinarily would not call for a leap at all4 ,they require watchfulness on the part of the driver over cross country or when not following the trail1 lest they sheer off from a given direction or straight line4 ,illustration3 ,sledge ,dog4--,photo ,from ,life4 ,when following the trail much confidence is vested in the leader and should perchance it strike a blind or cross trail1 it will howl to attract the attention of the driver and by these means verify directions1 as if to ask if it is leading right4 ,in case it loses the track it will slow up1 whine1 run up or criss-cross its tracks1 sniffing and smelling in an anxious1 expectant way1 until it finds or is led correct1 when it howls with delight and pulls off like blazes again4 ,they have strange likes and dislikes4 ,as entire pack will punish one who incurs the displeasure at times to an extent of crippling or killing each other4 ,if a strange dog comes amongst them he is pretty sure to get mauled or his scraping abilities put to test1 which usually ends in a free-for-all fight1 catch as catch can rules predominating4 ,when in harness training a young dog gets punished frequently by its mates for any awkwardness it shows4 ,old dogs especially show contempt for a new or strange dog which takes its mate's place1 be it pup or otherwise1 and will often sulk if their place is changed4 ,each seems to think his place is best1 the leader especially being particularly proud of his honored position in ,dogdom4 ,as a rule1 existing difficulties or arguments in harness are stored up until that day's march is over1 because of fear of punishment from the driver1 but as soon as turned loose1 they settle the difficulty of the day by another scrap1 in which often one bunch will participate in1 take sides1 and chew up each other1 until all pitch in1 aiming to settle things somehow4 ,if too tired1 they await the morrow4 ,as a rule1 the best sledge dogs are the poorest scrappers 7so we have to be partial at times7 especially to the leader who is usually the most intelligent2 hence favored4 ,in a pinch1 when game and rations are scarce1 they make good eating1 of course1 being sacrificed4 ,at these times1 their peculiar savage nature asserts itself1 when you kill one for food1 by signs of joy1 rather than fear for they seem to be devoid of sympathy or unaffected by the scene4 ,their flesh is pale1 tender and tasteless much like rabbit1 bloodless and poor1 and they will eat anything from a tin can label to ,kipling's ,rag1 ,bone or ,hank of ,hair4 ,when meat is plenty1 they take on flesh and fatten quickly but seldom does this happen as the ,esquimaux says1 ,him no good1 lazy1 much fat4 ,wolf-like1 stolen food tastes better and one will leave his own ration to steal a fellow's equal share and risking by his greediness both1 as it is stolen in turn by another4 ,their thieving propensities are great1 a tin can of meat1 skin boots1 oil lamp1 old soup kettle1 or their own harness if sealskin or rawhide4 ,illustration3 ,rough and ,ready ,sledge ,dog4 ,tied1 penned up or left harnessed any length of time1 they assert their belief in ,liberty and ,equality by chewing their way to freedom if it takes a week to do it4 ,as a rule1 the dogs respect a female and will seldom molest her4 ,these give birth to a litter of from #d to #h pups which are generally killed at birth1 unless a scarcity of them1 fat puppy dog being with the paunch of the reindeer considered a regular ,delmonico dish4 ,the average usefulness of their existence is about #f to #h years1 the old dogs following the same road as fat puppies1 after their usefulness has seen the limit4 ,fall bred dogs are best4 ,alaskan dogs are larger and heavier and the same rule applies to ,labrador species1 but as they are of mixed breed1 lazier and require more food they are only used to advantage where they belong--at home4 ,as a rule1 they exist1 breed and sleep in the open1 the soft side of a drifting snow bank being a luxury1 especially if it drifts about them up to the muzzle1 and it is only vacated when dangerous4 ,they seek the warmest spots they can find1 a rope coil1 rag or paper1 or even a tin can to lie on1 in preference to ice or hard snow4 ,failing in this1 they will dig a hole in the soft snow and bury themselves in this1 lying one on top of the other in bitter weather4 ,the best of ,arctic or ,polar dogs1 while they withstand cold to surprising degree1 nevertheless1 suffer with the cold and danger of freezing1 especially in winter time when food is scarce or frozen and snow serves to quench thirst1 a wet foot or crippled limb being the first to suffer4 ,in bitter weather ,i have seen them roll and run to maintain circulation4 ,they huddle together1 shivering1 hold up their paws and whine pitifully and appealingly4 ,they receive a kind word by a show of teeth instead of a wag--indeed1 are anything but friendly1 except at chuck time and then limit it to the grub with a few exceptions1 of course4 ,most of them1 however1 ,indian-like1 believe in the old maxim ,familiarity breeds contempt and thus they treat kindness with suspicion and turn tail as if it preceded work or a licking and perhaps both4 ,if left alone any length of time1 one will start up a coyote-like howl and all join in one after the other in the chorus that takes the appearance of a man with a big stick to quell4 ,if left alone they will keep it up for hours1 stopping as it commenced by degrees1 apparently without reason4 ,they are fed when circumstances permit and if permitted1 will gorge themselves to the point of bursting1 eating enough to last a week and camping alongside of it until even the bones are cleaned up and not enough left to feed a fly4 ,indian-like1 however1 they are always on hand for the next meal1 hungry again4 ,when traveling1 they are fed a little daily1 but when not1 exist on wind1 bones and kicks1 fish offal and refuse thrown out1 or hunt for themselves like wolves1 after ,arctic hares1 lemmings or anything they can find4 ,in winter time1 dogs are often the main food of the ,esquimaux and as fat or oil is generally scarce1 are eaten raw instead of cooked1 oil being too valuable at this time to be wasted on dog4 ,its taste to the white man largely depends on one's hunger or digestive cravings4 ,if half-starved1 it is voted just excellent4 ,if not1 it is just dog1 that's all4 ,yet1 if the pangs of hunger gnaw one's vitals1 repugnance1 position in life1 creed1 superstition1 opinions1 likes and dislikes1 self-respect1 all give way to the cravings of an empty stomach2 especially in that trackless great white desert called the ,distant ,polar ,regions4 ,such is the life and existence of these1 the sledge dogs of the north4 ,,part ,,iv4 ,,the ,,hunting ,,dog ,,family4 ,illustration3 ,worthy of the ,name1 ,fox ,hounds4 ,,chapter ,,xx4 ,,american ,,fox ,,hounds4 ,those who make a science of breeding and training fox hounds1 and indulge in the chase for sport only1 have a nearly identical standard of the ideal the country over4 ,even he who chases the fox for profit may find valuable information and interest in such a standard1 even though they may be convinced that their hounds1 though without pedigree1 are capable dogs4 ,at a gathering of the foremost sportsmen of this country1 in #aije1 the following standard was fixed as ideal3 ,the ,american foxhound should be smaller and lighter in muscle and bone1 than the ,english foxhound4 ,dogs should not be under #ba nor over #bc #a_/b in41 nor weigh more than #eg pounds4 ,bitches should not be under #bj nor over #bb #a_/b inches nor weigh more than #ej pounds4 ,the head 7value #ae7 should be of medium size with muzzle in harmonious proportions4 ,the skull should be rounded cross-wise with a slight peak1 line of profile nearly straight1 with sufficient stop to give symmetry to the head4 ,ears should meet to within one inch of end of muzzle1 should be thin1 soft in coat1 low set and closely pendant4 ,eyes soft1 medium size1 and varying shades of brown4 ,nostrils slightly expanded4 ,the head as a whole should denote hound character4 ,the neck 7value #e7 must be clean and of good length1 slightly arched1 strong where it springs from the shoulders and gradually tapering to the head1 without trace of throatiness4 ,the shoulders 7value #aj7 must be of sufficient length to give leverage and power1 well sloped1 muscular1 but with clean run and not too broad4 ,chest and back ribs 7value #aj74 ,the chest should be deep for lung space1 narrower in proportion to depth than the ,english hound1 #bh inches in a #bc #a_/b inch hound being good4 ,well sprung ribs1 back ribs should extend well back1 a three-inch flank allowing springiness4 ,back and loin 7value #aj7 should be broad1 short and strong1 slightly arched4 ,the hindquarters and lower thighs 7value #aj7 must be well muscled and very strong4 ,the stifle should be low set1 not too much bent1 nor yet too straight1 a happy medium4 ,the elbows 7value #e7 should set straight1 neither in nor out4 ,legs and feet 7value #bj7 are of great importance4 ,legs should be straight and placed squarely under shoulder1 having plenty of bone without clumsiness1 strong pasterns well stood upon4 ,feet round1 cat like1 not too large1 toes well knuckled1 close and compact1 strong nails1 pad thick1 tough and indurated by use4 ,color and coat 7value #e74 ,black1 white and tan are preferable1 though the solids and various pies are permissible4 ,coat should be rough and course without being wiry or shaggy4 ,symmetry 7value #e74 ,the form of the hound should be harmonious thruout4 ,he should show his blood quality and hound character in every aspect and movement4 ,if he scores high in other properties1 symmetry is bound to follow4 ,the stern 7value #e7 must be strong in bone at the root1 of a medium length1 carried like a sabre on line with the spine and must have a good brush4 ,a docked stern shall not disqualify1 but simply handicap according to extent of docking4 ,,summary4 ,head #ae1 neck #e1 shoulders #aj1 chest and back ribs #aj1 hindquarters and lower thighs #aj1 back and loin #aj1 elbows #e1 legs and feet #bj1 color and coat #e1 stern #e1 symmetry #e4 ,total #ajj4 ,,the ,,grey ,,hound4 ,without doubt1 the grey hound1 bred almost solely for speed1 is the fleetest runner on earth4 ,in a general way it may be said that the grey hound pursues by sight only1 yet some experienced hunters will contend that they can follow a fairly warm trail successfully1 if trained to it4 ,it is not natural for them1 however1 to take and follow an old track until the game is started1 but what they lack in that way is made up in speed4 ,illustration3 ,good ,specimens4 ,it has been a favorite practice for decades to take advantage of his speed1 by crossing with other strains1 resulting in courage1 tenacity and trailing powers1 very useful in several kinds of hunting4 ,this type of dog1 either pure bred or crossed lends himself readily to deer1 wolf1 fox or rabbit chasing1 and is especially successful if hunted in company with good trailers4 ,the latter start the game when the grey hound goes forward and effects a capture1 or so interferes with progress1 that the other dogs come up and finish the work4 ,a bit of practical talk on the subject from the pen of a grey hound enthusiast is appended3 ,i have always had grey hounds4 ,if they are let run with the track hounds when they are young they soon learn to take a track1 run away from the pack and catch the game4 ,i have some one-half grey hound and one-half bloodhound or fox hound4 ,no better dogs living4 ,great fighters1 stay as long as the game runs4 ,this kind are good bear dogs4 ,i keep live 'coon to train pups on and commence to train them at #d or #e months old4 ,the older they get the longer races ,i give them4 ,,scotch ,,deer ,,hound4 ,an excellent deer hound is half scotch deer hound and one-half grey hound1 and ,i will say there is no breed called stag hound1 writes a well informed ,canadian deer hunter4 ,all that claim that name are overgrown fox hounds used in ,england for that purpose4 ,thompson ,gray in ,dogs of ,scotland1 written in #ahij1 says that the first mention of the ,scotch deer hound was in ,pitcotts ,history of ,scotland4 ,it is of the same family as the grey hound and has been spoken of by early writers as the ,rough ,scotch ,grey ,hound4 ,he is more massive1 is about three inches taller than the grey hound and has a rough coat4 ,his vocation is to course the stag and the deer4 ,he1 like the grey hound must not use his nose when hunting his quarry and for this reason great speed is absolutely necessary4 ,his head is somewhat longer and wider across the skull than that of the grey hound and the hair on the sides of the lip form a mustache4 ,small ears are a sign of good breeding4 ,they should be set on high and at the back of the skull and be semi-erect when at attention4 ,the coat is hard in texture1 without any silkiness4 ,the color most admired is blue grizzle with its various shades but brindle and fawn1 either light or dark are admirable4 ,there should be no white on any part of the body4 ,as to formation1 he should be made on the same lines as the grey hound4 ,,the ,,blood ,,hound4 ,the original and oldest of the hound family is the blood hound4 ,he takes his name from having originally been used to track wounded animals to their lairs4 ,their fame to the public is based on their use as man trailers1 which gained more notice at about the time of the ,civil ,war than before or since4 ,there is considerable question as to their infallibility and powers in this direction4 ,while nearly any dog can1 if he wishes1 trail a human being1 and while the blood hound is the best scented of the dog family1 it is rather doubtful if all the things that have been written about the blood hounds and slave fugitives are true4 ,illustration3 ,blood ,hound4 ,bloodhounds are known under several names1 such as1 ,cuban1 ,siberian1 ,st4 ,hubert blood hounds1 etc4 ,civil authorities and detectives1 the country over1 employ the blood hounds to trail criminals1 or rather ostensibly to bring them to justice4 ,rarely do they succeed in actually capturing a fleeing culprit1 however1 if he has passed over sections trampled over by many other people4 ,the blood hound1 as has been mentioned before1 is quite useful in breeding hunting dogs for specific purposes4 ,some light of experience is furnished us by a ,pennsylvania breeder1 as follows3 ,in regard to blood hounds or a cross between the blood hound and fox hound1 they are good hunters on wolf1 fox1 'coon and bear4 ,in fact1 they are all around good dogs1 great fighters on game4 ,they are tough1 active1 will stand a long run and come home and not seem to be tired4 ,the blood hound is a good man as well as an animal hunter4 ,they will stand the longest races and not tire4 ,in fifty years breeding from the best1 these dogs are all that are needed in a hound dog4 ,on the same subject a ,western brother says3 ,i have bred dogs for #ee years from most of the kennels in this country1 ,england and other countries4 ,i like ,english blood hound or one-half hound and one-half fox hound4 ,they are sharp scented1 fast runners1 good stayers1 good fighters and game for fox and wolf hunting4 ,illustration3 ,as ,pretty as a ,picture4 7,beagles47 ,,chapter ,,xxi4 ,,the ,,beagle ,,dachshund ,,and ,,basset ,,hounds4 ,a few years ago ,i gave up the large hound for the beagle hound1 as ,i hunt rabbit a good deal now and ,i find it good sport with the right kind of beagles1 writes a beagle enthusiast of the middle west1 but1 of course1 they are just like fox hounds or any other breed of dogs1 many of them would be better training themselves in the happy hunting grounds4 ,the main thing is to get the right strain of beagles1 of which there are several4 ,champion ,bannerman1 imported by ,j4 ,crane1 ,esq41 about #ahhd1 has had a great influence towards producing the smaller size4 ,of course every man to his opinion as to size4 ,some prefer the small1 while others the larger size4 ,the importation by ,general ,rowett1 of ,carlinsville1 ,ill41 which has been known since as the ,rowett strain1 when it comes to beauty and hunting qualities combined1 are very good1 in fact1 are among the best4 ,the blue cap strain imported into the country by ,captain ,william ,ausheton from the kennels of ,sir ,arthur ,ashburnham along in the seventies4 ,this strain seems to have a stronger love for the scent of the rabbit than anything else4 ,by crossing strains it is possible to get beagles with a fierce hunting disposition1 that will hunt and fight anything that wears fur1 keen scent 7remember the beagle is strong in the blood hound blood7 wide chest1 heavy bone1 round fat feet that can put up a hard day's work every day4 ,,the ,,dachshund4 ,we are indebted to ,mr4 ,william ,loeffler for the following comprehensive1 entertaining special article on the little understood ,dachshund3 ,of the many breeds of dogs in existence1 none have gained more friends and won more hearts and a stronger hold in ,american home in a comparative short time than the ,dachshund4 ,those who have not seen a single specimen and are entirely ignorant regarding his characteristics1 know him by continued caricature4 ,for centuries back he was the most favored pet of ,german aristocracy1 carefully guarded and upheld in his purity1 and it was only occasionally that an outsider received a specimen4 ,a gift of a ,dachshund was considered a token of high esteem4 ,illustration3 ,true ,dachshund ,specimens4 ,though he has not lost a particle of his prestige in this respect1 and has strong admirers in the royal families of ,europe1 he is rapidly becoming a cosmopolitan2 with his little crooked legs he now travels over many lands1 making friends wherever he lands4 ,at all times ,dachshunde were in charge of professional hunters1 who developed their instinct for hunting wonderfully1 and the courage1 endurance and strength exhibited in pursuing their game is astonishing and marvelous4 ,the long body1 short and muscular legs1 the entire strength being centered in his deep chest1 indicate that he is intended for work under ground4 ,to attack a badger or a fox in his own burrow requires bravery of a high degree1 especially as the dog is in most cases much smaller than his game4 ,he relies upon the strength of his jaws and his wonderfully developed set of teeth for his work and does not snap or bite at random1 but his attack is usually well aimed and effective4 ,the game-keeper's duty is to destroy all enemies of the game entrusted to his care1 consequently foxes1 badgers1 minks and other vermin are at all times subject to extermination1 and the ,dachshund is his untiring and able assistant in this work4 ,his scenting power is of the keenest and he will locate his prey very quickly when he strikes a trail4 ,a fox generally leaves his burrow when the dog enters his domain and falls a victim to the gunner's aim2 not so with the badger1 who crawl into a corner of his burrow1 and two dogs in most cases attack him from different entries1 and finally crowd him so that he will stay at bay4 ,the location of the badger can easily be given by the barking of the dogs1 and the hunter digs down with pick and spade1 when the ground permits such work1 until the badger can be seen4 ,by means of a fork pushed over his neck the badger is held and captured4 ,the ,dachshund is also invaluable for finding wounded deer2 for which purpose the hunter usually chains the dog1 who then leads his master over the trail to locate the game4 ,at home the ,dachshund's disposition changes entirely2 he is now a most affectionate and docile animal1 and shows by his every expression his attachment for his master and his family4 ,his intelligence is surprising2 as a watch or house dog he has few equals1 the slightest disturbance will not escape his keen senses and the alarm is given4 ,most always one member of the family he selects as his special idol1 in many cases a child1 and it is amusing to watch him1 how he does everything in his power to show his affection1 following every step taken by his beloved friend4 ,he will frolic for hours and never seem to tire or lose his good temper1 and he is always on hand when wanted4 ,he knows the friends of the family and never molests them1 but he will not tolerate tramps4 ,the color of the ,dachshund is of great variety1 the original stock being black and tan1 from which later developed chocolate and tan1 gray and tan and single color red1 ranging from fawn to dark mahogany red4 ,the spotted ,dachshund1 such as black and tan as a ground color showing silver gray patches of irregular sizes throughout the black field is of comparatively recent development4 ,most all have short and glossy coats4 ,the unusual shape of this dog1 combined with a beautiful color1 the graceful and dignified walk1 the aristocratic bearing1 will draw the attention and admiration of every one who sees him4 ,,the ,,basset ,,hound4 ,the ,american beagle has a brother in ,france1 called the ,basset4 ,he is slow1 acute scenter and in general has characteristics in common with the beagle4 ,those few dogs in this country erroneously called ,basset hounds1 7aside from a very few imported for bench show purposes7 are doubtless resulted from beagle and mongrel crossed4 ,illustration3 ,a ,pure ,pointer4 ,,chapter ,,xxii4 ,,pointers ,,and ,,setters4--,,spaniels4 ,it is not within our province to dwell at length upon the subject of bird dogs4 ,we will content ourselves with briefly pointing out some more salient points of appearance and character4 ,those who wish to make a study and follow extensively wing shooting1 and raise and train suitable dogs for the purpose1 may obtain books relating exclusively to that subject4 ,while adapted to the same purposes in the field1 there are differences in the appearance and methods of pointers and setters that give rise to two distinct classes4 ,in the field1 if we may take for granted the claims of men long schooled in wing shooting1 we may say in a general way1 that the pointer excels in woods--heavy cover1 and brushy sections4 ,in such places a slower dog is required as well as one that willingly hunts close to the shooter4 ,for work in open fields or over prairie land1 the setter is perhaps better suited1 because he1 as a rule1 has greater speed1 wider range1 greater endurance and staying qualities4 ,if retrieving from water came into play1 the setter also would have the preference4 ,as to which of the two breeds has the best nose1 and which is the better bird finder1 nothing can be said with a degree of certainty--they are equal1 but there is a vast difference in individuals4 ,the same is true as to retaining inculcated training4 ,illustration3 ,royal ,sports4--,pointers in ,action4 ,the pointer is the older breed1 being a product of the middle ages4 ,he bobs up1 ever and anon1 in the history of hunting down to the present4 ,there has been now and again some inclination to cross the pointer and fox hounds1 among huntsmen1 some claiming even in this day that it improves either type of dog for his given duties4 ,purists1 however1 insist on keeping them pure and undefiled4 ,in appearance the pointer is larger than the setter1 and gives one an impression of solidity and strength2 his coat should be soft and mellow1 but not absolutely silky4 ,the hair is short and straight4 ,the setter's coat should be long1 straight and silky 7a slight wave is admissible7 which should be the case with the breeches and fore legs1 which1 nearly down to the feet1 should be well feathered4 ,the color may be either white and black1 white and orange1 white and lemon1 white and liver1 or black1 white and tan2 those without heavy patches on the body1 but flecked all over1 called ,belton1 preferred4 ,there is1 as in most other questions of hunting and shooting experiences1 wide difference of opinion as to the relative values of the two breeds for practical field work and bench purposes4 ,the casual field shooter will not go wrong in selecting either kind1 so long as he secures a creditable and really representative individual4 ,illustration3 ,setter4 ,a distinct setter strain is the black and tan ,gordon4 ,writes an authority3 ,the ,gordon is a much heavier dog in all his parts than the ,english setter2 coarser in skull1 thicker in shoulders and usually carrying lots of useless lumber4 ,as a consequence he lacks the speed of his ,english brethren1 and for this reason he is not a desirable field trial candidate1 but as a steady1 reliable dog1 with more than average bird finding ability1 he will always have a number of admirers4 ,the ,irish setter is another interesting one of the setter family4 ,he is not as popular in ,america as the others1 though a handsome and capable performer4 ,his color is red1 with white on chest1 throat or toes1 or a small star on the forehead4 ,the manner of judging pedigreed field dogs has been reduced to an almost exact science4 ,after all1 however1 all this is not for the casual hunter and many an embryo sportsman tramps the fields after capable1 though not so high-toned dogs1 and enjoys it all more than the nervous owner watching his dog in the field trial4 ,,spaniels4 ,spaniels are not utilized to any extent as hunting dogs in this country1 although they are sometimes crossed to good advantage with other hunting dogs4 ,about the water1 the water spaniel is well adapted4 ,for instance some spaniel blood in a mink dog is well worth considering4 ,all of the spaniels1 readily develop into retrievers1 and this is their principal use at present1 although they can be taught to hunt with considerable effect and judgment1 where too much is not expected of them4 ,they are lively1 happy little workers1 and on grouse in dense coverts1 no dog possesses a better nose for the purpose4 ,their size1 too1 is against them for most practical purposes4 ,,chapter ,,xxiii4 ,,terriers--,,airedales4 ,practical hunters have no interest in the numerous ,terrier family1 save perhaps two types4 ,we find those who urge the use of the terrier for some purposes4 ,for instance1 a ,canadian brother has the following to say as to the ,fox ,terrier3 ,i like the hound1 but give me a well trained fox terrier as his companion1 and ,i will get most every fox4 ,they have no trouble to hole in less than six hours1 there is where the terrier shines and puts in his work4 ,he will enter the hole and that is the end of ,mr4 ,fox4 ,sometimes he will bring him out of the hole to kill him1 but more often he will kill him1 then bring him out4 ,there are times when he kills one that he cannot get out1 owing to a short bend or other obstruction in the hole4 ,no doubt there will be many of the readers think this is a far-fetched claim1 nevertheless it is true and many in this section can vouch for this statement4 ,illustration3 ,the ,fox ,terrier--,useful in ,many ,ways4 ,the dozens of types of this interesting1 though generally impracticable terrier family we pass over1 permitting us to give wider attention to the one or two types that have earned recognition4 ,the ugly1 little ,irish terrier is sometimes used to good advantage for crossing1 where heedless1 reckless pluck is sought4 ,these dogs are very game1 yet remarkably good tempered with man4 ,but they dearly love a fight1 and have earned their commonly used nick-name ,dare-devils4 ,thus lightly skipping over the whole family we come to a type that has earned notice in the hunting world1 and is rapidly growing in popular favor4 ,illustration3 ,airedale4 ,,the ,,airedale4 ,first we cite a bit of practical testimony on the matter1 from a gentleman who knows whereof he speaks3 ,i have found out that the pure ,airedale terrier and the hound make the very best dogs for coon1 lynx1 mink1 etc4 ,get a good ,airedale and a good hound and you will have a pair of hounds hard to beat4 ,the airedale are great water dogs and very hard workers and easily trained to hunt any kind of game4 ,they are full of grit and they fear nothing and are always ready to obey your command4 ,i have hunted with them and found this breed of dog away ahead of the water spaniel1 collie1 etc4 ,once you own one you will never be without it4 ,the ,airedales were first imported into this country in #ahig or #ahih1 from ,england1 and as companion and guard dogs1 as well as hunters and retrievers have made wonderful strides1 and are becoming more popular as they become better known4 ,in disposition and intelligence they are unexcelled4 ,they will guard their master's family night and day1 but on the other hand are affectionate and kind to children4 ,they are natural hunters of both large and small game1 in which they need but little training1 and have been used and worked as hunters and retrievers with much success1 as they are easily taught and very intelligent4 ,in size1 the standard calls for males #de pounds1 females a little less4 ,color1 black and badger gray with tan extremities4 ,we should name the ,airedale as a promising bear dog4 ,his grit1 courage1 staying ,quality and strength are all points of advantage in a dog that is expected to try conclusions with the hard-swatting bruin4 ,also we frequently hear of noteworthy success of the ,airedale in hunting and dispatching coyotes1 coons1 badger and bay-lynx1 any one of which is capable of putting up a good fight4 ,also he is a hunter1 retriever1 trailer of coon1 'possum1 bear1 wildcat1 mink1 coyote1 deer1 lynx1 fox or small game4 ,the tendency nowadays is to produce larger ,airedales1 which shall retain the terrier qualities4 ,the practical callings upon the breed's usefulness seems to justify that he be bred over #ej pounds1 rather than between #de and #ej pounds1 which has in the past been the aim4 ,one writer says that it was in the valley of the ,aire river that the ,otter hound was crossed with the ,bull ,terrier1 that product was the ,scotch terrier1 that with the ,scotch collie1 that with the ,pointer1 and that with the ,setter dog and then the standard having been secured1 the crossing was discontinued4 ,in that dale of the ,aire1 then1 was the great breed of dogs first experimented upon1 that made the ,airedale4 ,,chapter ,,xxiv4 ,,scotch ,,collies4 ,,house ,,and ,,watch ,,dogs4 ,the ,scotch collie dog will make the best friend of all the dogs in the canine race1 writes a collie admirer4 ,of all useful animals ,god gave to man what can excel the dog1 at least with the stockmen2 in affection no other dog can compare with him1 he is a dog that every farmer needs4 ,he has almost human intelligence1 a pure bred collie can always be depended upon in sunshine or adversity4 ,he can do his work in a manner that should put the average boy to shame4 ,the pure bred ,scotch ,collies are of a kind and affectionate disposition and they become strongly attached to their master4 ,there can be no friend more honest and enduring than the noble1 willing and obedient thoroughbred ,scotch ,collie4 ,as a devoted friend and faithful companion he has no equal in the canine race1 he will guard the household and property day and night4 ,the ,scotch ,collies are very watchful and always on the alert1 while their intelligence is really marvelous4 ,illustration3 ,collie4 ,at one year old they are able to perform full duty herding sheep1 cattle and other stock1 attending them all day when necessary1 keeping them together and where they belong and driving off all strange intruders4 ,they learn to know their master's animals from others in a very short time1 and a well-trained dog will gather them home and put each into its right stall4 ,they have a dainty carriage and line style1 profuse silky hair of various colors4 ,others incline to the conviction that practical purposes have been lost sight of in breeding1 and that appearances have been sought to such an extent that the present day pure bred collies lack some of the attributes of intelligence and hardihood that made the collie famous4 ,in view of this fact it is quite likely that for general purposes and certainly for hunting purposes1 a dash of alien blood is advantageous4 ,the crossed collie1 or the well-known shepherd dog1 so common to the farm1 are very often used with success in all forms of night hunting4 ,there are some who go so far as to maintain that the shepherd or a cross of shepherd and fox hound are ideal for coon1 rabbit and squirrel hunting4 ,the use of these dogs as sheep herders has deteriorated in this country1 although they are still bred for practical purposes with marked success in parts of ,england4 ,,how ,,to ,,train ,a ,,collie4 ,the best way to make a start is to get a pure-bred puppy from a good working strain4 ,to gain the best results and secure the full worth of a ,collie as a stock dog1 ,i would say1 take him as a little puppy4 ,there are many reasons why we favor the little puppy to the dog nearly or quite grown4 ,most collies are sensitive and suspicious and of fine temperament and this characteristic often makes them appear rather more cowardly than brave4 ,a ,collie that has been properly cared for and considerably handled during his puppyhood up to maturity should have plenty of courage4 ,a puppy should never be permitted to have a place of refuge where he can run away and hide on hearing a slight noise or unusual disturbance of any kind1 or at the sight of a stranger4 ,if he is kept under conditions where he can see all that may be going on1 and in that way become familiar with active life1 learning that noises and strange persons do not harm him1 he will develop plenty of courage1 without which there is but little hope of great usefulness4 ,first1 teach him his name1 and to come when you call him4 ,teach him to mind but always by kind methods4 ,let him love and trust you1 gaining his affection by gentle treatment4 ,he should be accustomed to the collar and chain when young1 though it is much better to keep him in the yard than confined by a chain while he is growing4 ,teach him one thing at a time--to lie down and remain in that position until excused2 to follow at your will1 and stop at the word1 to come in at once at command1 and to turn to the right or left4 ,all these lessons can be easily managed by use of a small cord and always using the appropriate word with emphasis4 ,he should always be made to keep at your heels when out for a walk with you4 ,in that way1 after telling him to go to heel whenever he tries to run away1 he will understand the word better when he goes with you to drive the cattle for the first time4 ,let him keep back of the stock with you1 while you drive the cattle to and from the field or pasture without undertaking to teach him1 for as he learns by observation1 he must have the example made plain4 ,he will quickly show a desire to help and then you may take advantage of this act1 encouraging him to help you1 and after he has been with you a time or two1 he will soon become a driver at the heel4 ,give him plenty of practice1 and when he becomes a good driver at the heel1 taking a positive interest in his work1 he can then be easily taught to turn the cattle to the right or left1 to head them off1 stop them or go alone into the distant fields and bring the cattle to the stable4 ,he should never be allowed to drive the cattle fast for if once allowed to run them1 he will become careless and develop a disposition to worry them4 ,illustration3 ,shepherd ,puppies4 ,do not weary him with over-commanding nor notice every little mistake which unnoticed may not occur again4 ,if you gain his affection and do not forget to tell him that he has been a good dog when he has done well for you1 he will learn fast for he has a wonderful memory and never forgets the things he has learned to do4 ,thus we are amply repaid for the care and time used in making the lesson plain4 ,i might say a few words about feeding the puppy1 as he should have good food when young4 ,the first few months he should be fed on bread and milk1 never giving him any meat at any time1 and as he grows older1 give him the bread dry and the milk as a drink4 ,a comfortable sleeping place should also be given him4 ,the best place is in the house or stable and he should be kept in at night at all times of the year4 ,you will find that a well looked after ,collie is a valuable and life-long friend and helper4 ,,house ,,and ,,watch ,,dogs4 ,the ,great ,dane1 ,mastiff1 ,st4 ,bernard1 ,newfoundland1 ,poodle1 ,dalmatian ,chow-,chow1 ,english and ,french ,bulldog have their places and purposes1 but are entirely outside the province of hunting dogs4 ,most hunters admire these noble beasts1 but inasmuch as they have no practical importance or use to the hunter1 detailed description is omitted4 ,,chapter ,,xxv4 ,a ,,farmer ,,hunter--,,his ,,views4 ,i am a farmer by trade and a raccoon hunter for sport1 and nothing but a fox hound for me1 and the better his breeding is the better ,i like it4 ,i don't care how much noise he makes if he is fast4 ,i like a good tonguer4 ,i only have four hounds at this writing4 ,i have caught #bg 'coon and #aj opossum4 ,on the night of ,november #ith1 some friends of mine went out 'coon hunting with me4 ,they had three 'coon dogs and ,i had four1 seven hounds in all4 ,we went about two miles south of where ,i live to where we sometimes hunt the 'coon4 ,the first thing when we got there the dogs struck a trail and treed on top of a hill with an old coal entry just below it4 ,we got up to the tree all right and could hear one of the dogs barking treed about one-half mile south1 so ,i left the boys to attend to that tree and ,i went to the lone hound4 ,he was barking up a large black oak in the corn field4 ,i soon spied an eye up the tree and shot him out and down came ,mr4 ',coon4 ,i looked up in the tree again and saw two eyes4 ,the little #bj-;gauge spoke again and down came 'coon ,no4 #b4 ,the other fellows did not have such good luck1 as their coon got into the coal entry4 ,we then started on and the dogs caught another trail and gave us some music for about twenty minutes4 ,when they barked treed we went over to them and there were six of the dogs barking up a bushy oak and the lone dog was barking about eighty rods west of there4 ,one of the boys started up the tree and got only part way up when out jumps ,mr4 ',coon4 ,the dogs all went for him and out comes another 'coon and into the corn field he went just about at the top of his speed1 and ,i guess he had no slow orders either by the way he was going the last time ,i saw him4 ,we got a couple of the dogs after the runaway 'coon but he made a hole1 so we then went to the lone dog and he had one up4 ,we got that and started west4 ,we had not gone far when the dogs struck another trail and they circled to the northwest of us1 came around west and south and turned east4 ,just across the hollow from us was a large tree that ,mr4 ',coon was trying to make but he couldn't get speed enough to make it1 so the dogs caught him as he got to the bottom of the tree4 ,the lone dog was with them on that chase4 ,we left our 'coon at a farmer's and started on4 ,the dogs struck another trail and that 'coon got into a hole and he was safe1 so we ate our lunch1 rested a little while and started on west4 ,the dogs hit another trail and went south about a mile and barked but not treed4 ,we went to them and they had run this 'coon into a shallow hole in the corn field4 ,we tried to get one of the dogs to pull him out but the 'coon got first hold every time1 so we got a stick and dug in a little ways4 ,we could then see ,mr4 ',coon's eyes down in the hole4 ,we sent three dogs in after him but they came out without him4 ,i had an old speckled hound we called ,teddy4 ,he went in and when he backed out he had company with him1 and he seemed to think a great deal of his company1 for he was hanging right on to him just as though he thought his company might leave him if he got a chance4 ,ted was doing all he could1 but he got him up so the other dogs could see ,mr4 ',coon's back and then he had plenty of help and the 'coon's troubles were soon over4 ,we then started northwest4 ,the dogs were working a trail and they were puzzled on it2 did not seem able to get away4 ,there were a black oak and hazel bush where we were then1 so we sat down to let the dogs work it out if they could4 ,we were sitting within #aj feet of an oak tree1 the lone dog came up1 circles the tree and barks up1 then three of the other dogs come up and start to bark4 ,one of the boys says there might be a 'coon up that tree but ,i doubt it4 ,well1 ,i said1 when four good 'coon dogs bark up a tree at the same time1 there is liable to be something up there1 so up went one of the boys and down came ,mr4 ',coon4 ,we got him and the dogs were not long in starting another trail4 ,they started south but it was a cold one1 but they struck right after ,mr4 ',coon1 and ,i guess they must have taken us a mile and a half on that trail to another patch of timber1 and we were about a half a mile behind them when they barked treed4 ,they had ,mr4 ',coon up a tall red oak4 ,we shot him out and soon had another trail going4 ,they took this one south1 and it was a warm one1 right out into a corn field1 and they caught him on the ground4 ,we could hear the fracas and went to them as quick as possible1 but we were not quick enough for they had killed ,mr4 ',coon and we met them coming back4 ,we went to where we thought they were when they caught the 'coon but we did not find the right place for we did not find that coon4 ,the dogs soon had another trail going and gave us some fine music for a little while and barked treed4 ,we went to them and they had two 'coons up4 ,we shot them out1 and they soon had another one going south4 ,it was getting pretty frosty about that time and they worked that trail about one hour south and west4 ,we followed their music and they barked treed4 ,we shot him out4 ,that makes eleven 'coon and one killed in the field that we could not find4 ,now there may be some of the trappers that will think ,i have added a few 'coon to this hunt1 but ,i have not4 ,i have given you this 'coon hunt as near as it happened as ,i can remember1 but we had seven as good 'coon dogs as you generally run across4 ,i do not say seven of the best dogs ever went into the woods or the best in the ,united ,states1 but they were 'coon dogs and fast ones4 ,it seems that about every man that has a 'coon dog or dogs and they tree a few 'coons1 gets it into his head that nobody has a dog quite as good as his4 ,i have one pair of hounds from a ,williams bitch and a dog owned by ,mr4 ,williams--,hodo is his name--but he is a pure ,trigg dog4 ,his pedigree runs back over forty years4 ,one of ,haiden ,c4 ,trigg's dogs1 ,trigg1 is the most successful hound breeder in the ,united ,states today4 ,he started on the old original ,american fox hound1 these long eared fellows with a deep mellow voice1 called by some nigger chasers1 as they used them in the south for that purpose1 and some dealers are selling the old ,american ,fox ,hound today for ,american ,blood ,hounds4 ,the only genuine blood hound we have is the ,english4 ,see what the ,trigg dog is today1 short ears or much shorter than the dog ,mr4 ,trigg started to improve on1 with narrow muzzle1 and stands up well with good feet and built on speedy lines1 a red fox dog1 and when he started on there were few of them that could hole a red fox inside of eight hours1 and the ,trigg dog of today will hole a red fox in a comparatively short time4 ,of course the fox they are running and the kind of country they have to run in1 have a great deal to do with it4 ,i run fox myself sometimes1 or my hounds do rather4 ,now ,i see some of the hunters like a still trailer1 but ,i want to hear my dogs work and ,i want to know which way they are going1 and when they begin to get away ,i can follow and keep in hearing of my dogs4 ,i can tell by their baying just about what they are doing1 if the trail is cold or warm1 and can tell which way they are going4 ,i wouldn't give a cent to hunt with dogs that couldn't make a little music when on the trail4 ,i see some of the brothers think nothing but a still trailer catches his 'coon on the ground4 ,if you have fast trailers they will catch 'coon on the ground if they tongue every other jump4 ,my dogs are all good tonguers and ,i often have them catch 'coon on the ground and big 'coon1 not little young 'coon any more than old ones4 ,a young 'coon will take to a tree quicker than an old one4 ,i have got to see my first well bred 'coon hound that will still trail4 ,i have never seen him yet1 that is1 a fox hound4 ,i have tried shepherd and hound cross1 bull dog and hound cross1 and beagle and fox hound cross1 but give me the pure bred fox hound every time for a 'coon dog1 and ,i don't care how long his pedigree is either4 ,let me tell you1 you cannot get a fox hound too fast for 'coon1 the faster he is the better4 ,i read where a brother made the statement that you wanted a slow hound for a 'coon dog4 ,well1 he may want a slow one1 yet ,i am sure ,i do not4 ,he goes on to say that a fast dog will run over the trail if the 'coon makes a short or square turn1 the fast hound will run by and lose too much time finding the trail again4 ,let me tell you right here1 the fast hound can't help but run over1 but he knows right where he lost that trail4 ,if he happens to circle the right way he only has to make a half circle and he is off again4 ,on the other hand1 if he circles the other way he makes a full circle and hits the trail and is going just as fast as ever4 ,if he has a good nose on him he has not lost four seconds4 ,a fast hound will make that turn in a trail quicker every time than a slow one will4 ,i have had both slow and fast and have hunted 'coons about #bc years4 ,am now a man #ch years old1 and if ,i don't know what a hound is ,i sure never will4 ,i don't claim to know it all1 for a man never gets too old to learn4 ,he could learn something every day if he lived a thousand years1 or for all time to come4 ,there is no dog that will work a cold trail out like a good hound4 ,he will work out a trail and tree a 'coon when a cur dog would pass right over the trail and pay no attention to it whatever4 ,it must be the brothers that like the still trailers that never had a good 'coon hound1 for ,i have never seen good 'coon dogs but ,i have seen the best ones wrapped up in a fox hound hide4 ,i have a black and tan hound that will fight for me at any time4 ,i can't scuffle with any one outside of my own family for he will bite them just as quick as he can get close enough to them4 ,i had to give him several hard whippings to make him quit rabbits4 ,now they don't bother him any when he is looking for 'coon with me at night4 ,his father was the hardest dog to break off of rabbits that ,i ever broke1 but when he was three years old he would not notice a rabbit at night but would trail them in the day time4 ,he turned out to be a very valuable hound4 ,he would retrieve as good as a retriever on land or in water1 would catch any hog that ,i told him to catch and hold it until ,i told him to let it go4 ,i could point out any chicken ,i wanted him to catch and he would get it for me and would not hurt the chicken any4 ,some people think a hound don't know anything but trail1 but a good hound is a very smart dog and a poor hound is about as worthless a dog as you can find4 ,take the hound as a breed and ,i must say they are a noble breed4 ,the fox hound requires1 ,i think1 more exercise than any other breed of dogs4 ,i have a #be gallon caldron4 ,i put most any kind of meat that ,i can get1 beef1 horse flesh1 'coon1 when there is one that is pretty badly bruised up1 pork or any kind of meat that is not decomposed1 and put it into this caldron4 ,of course1 ,i put water in first then put in my meat and boil until it will all stir off the bone4 ,i then take all the bones out and stir in corn meal until ,i have enough so that when the meal is done it will be a very stiff mush4 ,when it is done and cooled off you can take it out in chunks4 ,use no salt1 if any1 very little1 as a very little salt will physic a dog4 ,i sometimes bake corn bread for the dogs for a change1 which makes a good food for them but not so strong a food as the other4 ,i think a hound will do more running and keep in better order on that mush with meat than any food you can give them4 ,of course1 if a person has but one dog1 he can generally get enough from the house scraps from the table1 but when you have a dozen or so you will have to get your dog food elsewhere4 ,in warm weather this mush will sour in a few hours1 but in cold weather it will keep sweet4 ,i feed my dogs once a day when they are idle1 but when ,i am hunting them ,i feed them twice a day4 ,feed each dog by himself4 ,now as to their sleeping places1 if you can let your dogs run loose1 and they will find warm places to sleep1 with plenty of bedding in the barn or other out buildings where the ventilation is good1 but no drafts of air to blow on them1 that is the best place for them4 ,i keep part of my dogs tied up1 as they would be off hunting if ,i let them run loose4 ,for those ,i use on the chain ,i use a #bj-;foot chain4 ,build a good1 warm dog house with a shingle roof1 an individual house for one dog4 ,cut a hole that he can get thru easily and then tack some burlap just above the hole and let it hang down over the hole4 ,when it is cold weather ,i leave it down1 but when it is pleasant ,i fasten it up so that it leaves the hole open4 ,the air can get thru the burlap but it breaks the wind off of the dog and keeps the snow from blowing in on his nest1 or rain if it is raining4 ,he can go out and in when the burlap is down4 ,another easy way to make a good place for a dog is cut a hole in the side of a building that has a good roof1 and put a box large enough so that it will give your dog plenty of room right tight up against the inside of the building where you cut the holes thru4 ,knock one side of your box out and put it to the hole on inside of building4 ,put your burlap on the outside at the hole as before described1 and you have a fine place for your dog4 ,make the hole just large enough so he can get thru it easily1 and cut it high enough so that when he lays down in the box1 the bottom of the hole will be above the dog4 ,give your dog good1 clean bedding at least once a week4 ,twice a week is not too often4 ,use some disinfectant about two or three times a month inside of dog house4 ,the best cure for mange that ,i have ever used1 or for sores to heal them is black gun powder1 powdered sulphur and lard1 mixed and well rubbed in4 ,it is a sure cure for mange4 ,it will soon kill the germs1 if properly applied4 ,i notice where a brother1 in telling how to break a young dog to tree ',coon said1 to let the 'coon chew the dog for a while1 help the 'coon1 let him eat the dog for about #bj minutes and the dog would go to hunting them to get revenge1 or something to that effect4 ,now it is my opinion that the dog would not want any more revenge as he would get a plenty right there1 and the chances are that he would ever after be afraid of a 'coon1 if he were a pup and got that kind of treatment4 ,help your dog kill a 'coon whenever you can1 if you can do it without danger to the dog4 ,i never let my dogs kill a 'coon when it can be avoided4 ,if ,i can find the 'coon with my light in the tree ,i shoot him out1 and then sometimes he has plenty of fight in him when he comes down4 ,other times he is dead when he hits the ground4 ,any one of my dogs will kill a 'coon if necessary1 but they don't get the chance very often4 ,there has been a few times that ,i let them kill the 'coon1 when ,i could have killed him myself1 when there were some of the boys with me that wanted to see them kill the 'coon1 but it is tiresome work on a dog to kill a 'coon1 harder a great deal than treeing one4 ,my dogs will not stay at a hole unless the 'coon is very close to the top of the ground1 as where ,i hunt there are a great many old coal entries and it would be a nuisance to have them bark at such places as you could not get them out1 so ,i never encourage them to stay at a hole when they run one in4 ,i have seen some discussion about the size of 'coons4 ,the largest 'coon ,i ever caught weighed #cj pounds4 ,he measured from the tip of his tail to the end of his nose1 #d feet and #d inches4 ,i caught another one last winter that weighed #be pounds and measured four feet and #b inches from his nose to the end of his tail4 ,i catch a good many that weigh over #bj pounds4 ,another thing ,i want to tell you is this1 in over #bj years of 'coon hunting ,i have never cut a tree down to get a 'coon4 ,there is too much of that kind of work done4 ,where are all of the 'coons going to stay when you get all of the den trees cut down8 ,i want to ask you where is the land owner that wants 'coon hunters cutting his timber down8 ,think of cutting a fine1 large tree down because it has a hole in it with a 'coon inside4 ,if ,i get a 'coon in such a tree and can't climb it1 ,i just call the dogs away from the tree and let him go until some other time4 ,i make it my business to go that way again some night1 and the chances are ,i get that same 'coon in such a tree and can't climb it1 ,i just tree a head of ,mr4 ',coon if ,i can1 and he goes up some tree that ,i can get him out of when he sees he is cut off from his den tree1 and the tree is left for the next 'coon that comes along4 ,so1 brothers1 please cut the tree cutting out1 as it is for your own good to let those kind of trees stand if you want to hunt 'coon4 ,when you go around thru the timber destroying it1 some one is going to call a halt on ,,you1 and on the other hand it is not at all necessary to cut the timber to get the 'coon1 and the tree is undoubtedly worth more to the man that own the land than the 'coon is to you4 ,of course1 if the owner of the tree gives you permission to cut the tree1 that clears you on that score1 but after the tree is down1 you will never find another 'coon in that tree4 ,,chapter ,,xxvi4 ,,descriptive ,,table ,,of ,,technical ,,terms ,,as ,,applied ,,to ,,the ,,dog4 ,the following table of definitions are used descriptive of the parts of the dog's anatomy1 and are used and understood generally by professionals3 ,illustration3 7,the numbers refer to the picture47 ,apple-headed4--,skull round instead of flat on top4 #a4 ,,arm4 ,blaze4--,a white mark up the face4 ,brush4--,the tail of a ,collie1 or any bushy tail4 #b4 ,,brisket4--,the part of the body between the chest and the neck4 ,front part of chest4 ,butterfly-nose4--,a spotted nose4 ,button-ear4--,an ear which falls over in front1 concealing the inside1 as in ,fox-,terriers4 ,broken-up ,face4--,refers more particularly to the face of the ,bulldog or ,toy ,spaniel1 and comprises the receding nose1 or lay-back1 deep stop1 and wrinkle4 ,burr4--,the inside of the ears4 ,breeching4--,the tan-colored hairs on the back of the thighs of a ,black-and-tan ,terrier4 ,beefy4--,big1 beefy hind-quarters4 ,cat-foot4--,a short1 round foot1 with the knuckles high and well developed2 like a cat's1 short1 round and compact4 #c4 ,,chest4--,the chest of a dog must not be confounded with the brisket2 the breast or chest extends between the fore-legs from the brisket to the belly4 ,cheeky4--,when the cheek bumps are strongly defined2 thick in cheek4 ,chaps or ,chops4--,the pendulous lips of the ,bulldog2 the foreface of a ,bulldog4 ,cobby4--,well ribbed up2 short and compact4 ,cloddy or ,cobby4--,thick-set1 short-coupled and low in stature4 ,couplings4--,the length or space between the tops of the shoulder-blades and tops of the hip-joints1 or buckle-bones4 ,a dog is accordingly spoken of as long or short in the couplings4 ,cow-hocked4--,the hocks turning inward2 hocks that turn in1 like those of a cow4 ,cushion4--,fulness in the top lips4 ,crook-tail4--,the crooked tail of a ,bulldog4 ,crank-tail4--,same as above4 ,culotte4--,the feather on the thighs1 as in the ,schipperke and ,pomeranian4 ,character4--,the combination of points contributing to the whole make-up and giving to a dog that which is desired in his particular variety4 ,corky4--,compact and active looking2 springy and lively in action4 ,dew-claws4--,the extra claws found occasionally on the legs of all breeds1 but especially of the ,st4 ,bernard2 the superfluous claws inside the hind-leg just above the foot4 ,dewlap4--,pendulous skin under the throat as in case of ,blood-hound4 ,dish-faced4--,this term describes a dog whose nasal bone is higher at the nose than at the stop--a feature not infrequently seen in pointers4 ,dudley-nose4--,a flesh-colored nose4 ,domed ,skull4--,round skull4 ,deep in ,brisket4--,deep in chest2 deep from withers to point where chest and brisket meet4 #d4 ,,elbow4--,the joint at the top of the forearm4 ,elbows ,out or ,out at ,elbows4--,this term defines itself4 ,bulldogs and ,dachshunde are desirable with elbows so shaped1 but it may occur as a fault through weakness4 ,expression4--,the expression of a dog is largely but not wholly determined by the size1 angular position1 and degree of prominence of the eye4 ,for instance in a ,st4 ,bernard the eye is small1 somewhat sunken1 showing a little haw4 ,this gives a dignified and rather benevolent expression4 ,collie expression depends largely on the angle at which eyes are set to each other4 ,feather4--,the fringe of hair on the back of legs of some breeds1 notably ,setters1 ,spaniels1 and ,sheep-dogs4 ,the feathering on legs1 as in the ,setter and ,spaniel4 ,flag4--,the tail of a ,setter4 ,flews4--,the chops1 or overhanging lips of the upper jaw4 ,the term is chiefly applied to hounds or other deep-mouthed dogs4 ,the lips4 #e4 ,,forearm4--,this makes the principal length of the fore-leg and extends from elbow to pastern4 ,frill4--,the long hair on the brisket of some dogs1 and especially of the ,collie4 ,the profuse hair under the neck4 ,frog-face or ,down-face4--,nose not receding4 ,flat-sided4--,flat in ribs2 opposite of well-ribbed up4 ,grizzle4--,a bluish-gray color4 ,hare-foot4--,foot like that of a hare1 long and narrow4 ,haw4--,the red inside eyelid1 usually hidden1 but visible in ,bloodhounds and ,st4 ,bernards2 the red membrane inside the lower eyelid4 #f4 ,,hocks4--,the lower joint of hind-leg4 ,height4--,the height of a dog is measured at the shoulder1 bending the head gently down4 ,the proper method is to place the dog on level ground close by a wall1 and to lay a flat rule across his shoulders so as to touch the wall2 then measure to the point touched by the rule4 #g4 ,,huckle-,,bones4--,tops of the hip-joints4 ,the space between these and the tops of the shoulders is called the couplings4 ,harlequin4--,pied1 mottled1 or patchy in color4 #h4 ,,knee4--,the joint attaching the fore-pasterns and the forearm4 ,kink-tail4--,a tail with a single break or kink in it4 ,leather4--,the ears i4 e41 the loose visible part of them4 ,layback4--,receding nose4 ,loins4--,that part of the anatomy of the dog between the last rib and hindquarters4 ,long in ,flank4--,long in back and loins4 ,lumber4--,superfluous flesh4 ,mask4--,the dark muzzle of a ,mastiff or ,pug4 ,mane4--,the profuse hair on top of neck4 ,merle4--,a bluish-gray color splashed with black4 ,monkey-faced4--,see ,dish-faced4 #i4 ,,nasal ,,bone4 ,occiput4--,the prominent bone at the back or top of the skull2 particularly prominent in ,bloodhounds2 the bony bump on the top of the head4 ,overshot4--,the upper teeth projecting over the lower4 ,this fault in excess makes a dog pig-jawed4 ,the top jaw protruding beyond the lower jaw4 ,out at ,shoulders4--,shoulders set on outside1 as in the ,bulldog4 ,out at ,elbows4--,elbows turning out4 #aj4 ,,pastern4--,the lowest section of the leg1 below the knee or hock respectively1 usually only applied to those joints on front legs4 ,pig-jawed4--,the upper jaw protruding over the lower1 so that the upper incisor teeth are in advance of the lower1 an exaggeration of an over-shot jaw4 ,pily4--,a peculiar quality of coat found on some dogs1 which show on examination a short woolly jacket next the skin1 out of which springs the longer visible coat4 ,this short woolly coat is pily4 ,when an ordinary coat is described as pily1 it means that it is soft and woolly1 instead of hard4 ,prick ,ear1--7,see ,tulip ear74 ,an erect ear2 not turned down or folded4 ,plume4--,the tail of a ,pomeranian4 ,pad4--,the under portion or sole of the foot4 ,penciling4--,the black marks or streaks divided by tan on the toes of a ,black-and-tan ,terrier4 ,rose-ear4--,an ear of which the tip turns backward and downward1 so as to disclose the inside of the ear4 #ac4 ,,rump-,,bone4 ,ring-tail4--,a tail curving round in circular fashion4 ,roach ,back or ,arched ,loins4--,the arched or wheel formation of loin1 as in a ,greyhound1 ,dachshunde1 ,dandie ,dinmont ,terrier1 and ,bulldog4 ,racy4--,slight in build and leggy1 as in the ,greyhound or ,whippet4 ,septum4--,the division between the nostrils4 #aa4 ,,shoulders4--,top of the shoulder-blades1 the point at which the height of a dog is measured4 ,splay-foot4--,a flat1 awkward front foot1 usually turned outward2 and the opposite of ,cat-foot4 ,stern4--,the tail4 #ab4 ,,stifle-,,joints4--,stifles4 ,the joints of hind-leg next above the hocks4 ,stop4--,the indentation across the skull between the nose and the eyes4 ,this feature is strongly developed in ,bulldogs1 ,pugs and short-faced ,spaniels1 and considerably so in many other dogs4 ,the step or indentation between the forehead and nose4 ,snipy4--,too pointed in muzzle4 ,semi-prick ,ear4--,an erect ear of which the end falls over forward4 ,sickle-tail4--,a tail forming a semicircle1 like a sickle4 ,short-coupled4--,short in back and loins4 ,shelly4--,too narrow and light in body4 ,second ,thighs4--,the muscular development between stifle-joint and hock4 ,style4--,showy1 spirited1 or gay demeanor4 ,tulip-ear4--,an upright or prick ear4 ,topknot4--,the hair on top of the head1 as in the ,irish ,water ,spaniel1 ,dandie ,dinmont1 and ,bedlington ,terrier4 ,throatiness4--,overmuch loose skin or flesh under throat4 ,twist4--,the curled tail of a ,pug4 ,trace4--,the dark mark down the back of a ,pug4 ,tucked-up4--,tucked-up loin1 as in the ,greyhound4 ,tricolor4--,black1 tan and white4 ,thumb ,marks4--,the round1 black spots on the forelegs of a ,black-and-tan ,terrier4 ,timber4--,bone4 ,undershot4--,the lower incisor teeth1 projecting beyond the upper1 as in ,bulldogs4 ,the under jaw protruding beyond the upper jaw4 ,upright ,shoulders4--,shoulders that are set in an upright1 instead of an oblique position2 not laid back4 ,vent4--,the tan colored hair below root of tail4 ,varmint ,expression4--,as in the eye of the ,fox ,terrier1 which is free from ,haw1 is not ,sunken1 is round but rather small than large1 and set horizontally1 not obliquely1 giving a keen1 rather cussed look4 ,wall-eye4--,a blue mottled eye4 ,wrinkle4--,loose-folding skin over the skull4 ,wheaten4--,pale yellowish color4 ,withers4--,same as #aa4 ,,end ,,of ,,hunting ,,dogs