,an ,amicable ,controv]sy ,) ,a ,jewi% ,rabbi1 ,on ,! ,messiah's ,com+3 ,unfold+ ,new ,views on ,prophecy ,& ,! ,nature ( ! ,mill5ium3 ,) an ,entirely ,new ,exposition ( ,ze*>iah1 ,on ,! ,messiah's ,k+dom ,by ,j4 ,r4 ,p>k1 ,m4,d4 c4 ,london3 ,smi?1 ,eld]1 ,& ,co4 #fe1 ,cornhill #ahcb ,,cont5ts ,preface4 ,introduction4 ,ze*>iah ,on ,! ,messiah's ,k+dom4 ,int]pretation3 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,notes ,to ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,hebrew ,punctuation4 ,! ,rabbi's ,exposition ,& ,reply1 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,ze*>iah1 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,rem>ks ,on ,! ,rabbi's ,exposition4 ,ze*>iah ,on ,! ,messiah's ,k+dom4 ,int]pretation3 ,*apt] ,x4 ,notes ,to ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,! ,rabbi's ,reply1 ,& ,! ,au?or's ,rem>ks ,^u ,x4 ,*apt] ,x4 ,ze*>iah ,on ,! ,messiah's ,k+dom4 ,int]pretation3 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,notes ,to ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,! ,rabbi's ,translation4 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,! ,rabbi's ,exposition4 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,ze*>iah ,on ,! ,messiah's ,k+dom4 ,int]pretation3 ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,notes ,to ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,! ,rabbi's ,exposition1 ,& ,! ,au?or's ,rem>ks4 ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,ze*>iah ,on ,! ,messiah's ,k+dom4 ,int]pretation3 ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,notes ,to ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,ze*>iah ,on ,! ,messiah's ,k+dom4 ,int]pretation3 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,notes ,to ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,! ,mill5ium4 ,,preface4 ,:at6 ano!r ,comm5t>y on ,ze*>iah6 ! read] is ready to exclaim4 ,h we n a ,l[? & a ,blayney8 ,:at c le>n+1 tal5t1 or rese>* effect1 t has n be5 effect$ already8 ,9 a ^w1 ,i answ]--no?+4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ,i ask1 :at h !y effect$8 ,) ! exception ( p>ticul> passages1 on :i* light has be5 ?r[n1 ! g5]al scope ( ! prophecy rema9s z obscure z ev]4 ,suffici5t pro( ( ?is appe>s 9 ! want ( consi/5cy 9 ! plan ( int]pretation1 :i* 9 "o v]se looks to future ev5ts1 & 9 ano!r to ev5ts long pa/1 = explanation2 9 "o "p supposes ! prophet to (f] a connect$ s]ies ( consecutive pr$ictions2 9 ! next supposes him to be c>ri$ away by a transport into a digression bord]+ ^u incoh]5cy2 v>y+1 moreov]1 cont9ually 9 ! pr9ciple ( exposition1 :i* is lit]al or figurative1 political or spiritual by turns4 ,surely ?is is n legitimate exposition1 b r bespeaks "s lat5t error1 "s radical defect 9 ! plan1 or pr9ciple ( inve/igation4 ,to po9t out t defect1 :i* ! writ] fancies he has discov]$1 is ! object ( ! pres5t attempt2 :e!r he be "r or wrong1 ! read] mu/ decide4 ,! travell] :o mi/akes 8 road1 only goes ! f>!r a/ray ! m he prolongs 8 j\rney4 ,s ! comm5tator on prophecy1 :o lab\rs to =ce ! text to a s5se :i* x 0 n int5d$ to be>1 ! m le>n+ & +5uity he employs1 ! m he becomes involv$ 9 intricacy & obscurity4 ,9 exp\nd+ ! prophecies relat+ to ! ,jews1 comm5tators h _h *iefly 9 view _! temporal & political /ate2 :]eas ! writ] conceives1 t _! moral & religi\s1 t is1 _! spiritual condition1 is really ! ma9 purport ( ^? :i* relate to ! re/oration ( ,israel4 ,let any "o read ! description ( ! ,new ,j]usalem 9 ! #ba/ *apt] ( ,revelations1 & ask himself1 if ?is c possibly apply to a lit]al city1 or political /ate4 ,x evid5tly _c2 & yet x mu/ apply to "s /ate ( ! ,jews on e>?2 = ! ,messiah's k+dom is always describ$ z a k+dom on e>?2 &1 !re=e1 if ! description does n apply to _! temporal1 x mu/ to _! spiritual condition4 ,! ,messiah's k+dom is all[$ to be ! *ief subject ( ^! prophecies2 b if ,*ri/ be ! ,messiah1 8 k+dom is a spiritual "o1 & :at relates to x mu/ be spiritually und]/ood4 ,we m>vel at ! bl9dness :i* prev5ts ! ,jews f p]ceiv+ 9 prophecy ! num]\s intimations ( a spiritual ,messiah1 all ( :i* appe> to u to h be5 di/9ctly fulfill$ 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/2 & yet t v bl9dness to _! spirituality is :at prev5ts ourselves f und]/&+ o!r prophecies relat+ to ! same subject4 ,let ?is be /eadily & uni=mly kept 9 view1 & mo/ ( ! difficulties w vani%2 & an int]pretation w unfold itself1 n only hi/orically m9ute1 & *ronologically accurate1 b :i* is1 moreov]1 z f> z scriptural language admits1 lit]al2 = 9 :at relates to spiritual affairs1 ! spiritual is ! mo/ lit]al int]pretation4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! pr9ciple ( ! foll[+ exposition1 & :5 x has be5 f\nd necess>y to correct ! translation1 x 0 n = ! purpose ( f9d+ out m recondite mean+s1 b to br+ back ! words ( ! text to _! ord9>y & lit]al signification4 ,) reg>d to ! controv]sial =m "u :i* ! treatise appe>s1 a ^w ( explanation may be requisite4 ,! writ] hav+ fram$ 8 views ( prophecy on pr9ciples mo/ at v>iance ) ^? ( ! ,jews1 & be+ only a self-taught ,hebrai/1 0 anxi\s to "k h[ f> 8 exposition might be controv]t$ by an ackn[l$g$ ,hebrew s*ol> ( ! ,jewi% p]suasion4 ,^u inquiry he 0 ref]r$ to 8 pres5t oppon5t1 z ! fitte/ p]son = t purpose2 & he _h ! satisfaction to f9d1 t h[ev] !y might diff] 9 ! plan ( int]pretation1 yet 8 oppon5t c\ld r>ely *all5ge ! accuracy or fidelity ( 8 translation2 :i* he ackn[l$g$ to be m 9 accordance ) ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple ( exposition1 ?an any he _h previ\sly met )4 ,at ! same "t he decl>$ ! views x unfold$1 to conta9 no?+ likely to h any weight ) a ,jew2 & readily pl$g$ himself to answ] ^? views1 %\ld ! writ] ev] be dispos$ to publi% !m4 ,! views & ! answ] are n[ be=e ! read]4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,s+le-^w ,hebrew quotations 9 ! orig9al book are (t5 r5d]$ "h 9 ! =m 8,a 7or ,b701 ) ! same ^w r5d]$ 9 8,a0 & 9 8,b01 b ) ! lett]s /or$ 9 opposite ord]s4 ,?is is to all[ ! same e-book to r5d] prop]ly 9 bo? ,,html & ,,pdf4 ,! full-p>agraph quotations %\ld appe> correct 9 all =mats4 ,,introduction4 8,! te/imony ( ,jesus 9 ! _s ( prophecy40 ,few1 p]haps1 ( ^? :o read ! ,scriptures are fully aw>e ( ! ext5t to :i* ! language ( !m ab\nds 9 metaphor2 yet is ?is k indisp5sable to ! "r und]/&+ ( bo? ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & especially ! prophetic p>ts ( ^! books4 ,prophecy1 ?\gh n ! l>ge/1 is beyond "q ! mo/ important "p ( ,scripture1 af=d+ ! only irrefragable pro(s ( ,god's moral gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 & ( ,*ri/'s be+ ! promis$ ,messiah4 ,^! pro(s dep5d ^u no human te/imony1 b c>ry _! evid5ce 9 !mselves1 n re/+ on man's cr$ibility4 ,deposit$ 9 ! h&s ( ^?1 ^: bl9dness und]/&s !m n1 & ^: prejudice w\ld gladly p]v]t _! mean+1 !y h be5 h&$ d[n to u1 :o are bl9d$ by simil> prejudices1 & 9 exp\nd+ ^! prophecies are only a %ade m enlight5$ ?an ! ,jews4 ,?is ri* m9e ( miracul\s evid5ce1 /ill rema9s1 almo/ :olly unexplor$1 al?\gh x is to ?is te/imony especially1 t ,*ri/ himself appeal$4 ,se>* ! ,scriptures1 said he1 = 9 !m ye ?9k ye h et]nal life1 & !y are !y :i* te/ify ( me4 ,?is te/imony /ill rema9s to ,*ri/ians ( ! pres5t day1 = ! mo/ "p1 a seal$ book2 = beyond a p>tially successful attempt1 to po9t out 9 x1 ! pr$iction ( a few lead+ ev5ts1 fulfill$ ne> two ?\s& ye>s ago1 & !re=e n[ no long] miracul\s evid5ce to u1 b re/+ on ! au!nticity ( hi/orical records1 all ! re/ is veil$ f _! sight4 ,! subsequ5t hi/ory ( ! progress ( our religion1 cont9u$ 9 ^! prophecies1 9 "o un9t]rupt$ s]ies ( pr$ictions up to ! pres5t day2 detail+ ! triumphant progress ( ! ,gospel--! d[nfall ( ,judaism--! subv]sion ( ,paganism--! corruption ( ,*ri/ianity by ! ,g5tiles--! long age ( d>kness consequ5t !reto--! rise & successful c>e] ( ,mahomm$ism1 :i* has supplant$ nom9al ,*ri/ianity ov] half ! globe--! exact b\nd>y l9e1 affix+ a limit to ! dom9ion ( ea* ( ^! gr& apo/acies--_! co-exi/5ce & simultane\s d[nfall--& ! revival ( true ,*ri/ianity--) o!r ev5ts1 cle>ly =etold1 & n[ fulfill+ be=e our eyes1 h all escap$ ! detection ( ! mo/ le>n$ comm5tators :e!r ,jewi% or ,*ri/ian4 ,! inability to expla9 ^! prophecies ?us tacitly ackn[l$g$1 :i* has accompani$ _! transmission to our h&s1 is 9 "s degree a pl$ge t !y h be5 fai?fully h&$ d[n to u2 = :o w\ld be at ! pa9s to int]polate :at none c\ld pret5d to expla9 or apply8 ,at ! same "t1 ! cause ( _! rema9+ unexpla9$1 & ( _! appe>+ inapplicable to pass+ ev5ts1 becomes a highly int]e/+ object ( inquiry2 & w be *iefly f\nd to arise f ! circum/ance alleg$ at ! outset1 namely1 ! mis9t]pretation ( ! figurative language ( ,scripture & ,prophecy4 ,! lead+ subject ( prophecy is ! ,messiah's k+dom2 a k+dom :i* ! ,jews expect$ to be a temporal "o1 & 9 ?is expectation1 reject$ ,*ri/ z a spiritual pr9ce4 ,:5ce arose _! error8--,f _! tak+ 9 a lit]al s5se ! language1 9 :i* ! prophets _h describ$ t k+dom4 ,! ,apo/les1 & fir/ disciples ( our ,"l 7 "u a simil> illusion2 & _h ,*ri/ at once undeceiv$ !m1 & bani%$ f _! m9ds all hope ( temporal dom9ion1 x is probable !y w\ld to a man h des]t$ him4 ,9 fact1 !y did s des]t him at 8 crucifixion2 nor did !y fully p]ceive _! error1 till aft] 8 resurrection1 :5 !y receiv$ ! gift ( ! ,_s on ! day ( ,p5teco/1 & _! eyes 7 at l5g? fully op5$ to ! spiritual nature ( 8 reign4 ,! ,jews /ill rema9 "u ?is illusion1 cont9u+ /ill to look = a temporal pr9ce1 & ! lit]al fulfilm5t ( prophecy4 ,?\s&s also ( ,*ri/ians1 :o look = ! second com+ ( ,*ri/1 expect 8 p]sonal adv5t2 t is1 t he w come 9 p]son to reign ) ! sa9ts on e>? = a ?\s& ye>s4 ,& ! title ( sa9ts1 :e!r assum$ by1 or be/[$ ^u ! mill5>ians1 seems to be fondly *]i%$ by !m1 9 anticipation ( ! %>e !y expect 9 ! glories ( t reign n[ approa*+1 or1 z !y suppose1 j at h&4 ,t !re be any among ^!1 :o w\ld1 l ! fir/ disciples1 des]t _! ,"l1 if robb$ ( ?is pleas+ expectation1 x 7 p]haps invidi\s to suppose4 ,:e!r1 l ! ,jews1 !y are l$ into ?is hope ( an e>?ly k+dom1 by _! misconception ( ! prophecies t relate to ?is p]iod1 x 7 premature z yet to enquire4 ,b c]ta9 x is1 t !y are = ! mo/ "p zeal\s advocates = ! lit]al s5se ( prophecy2 & equally adv]se ) ! ,jews1 to :at may be t]m$ ! spiritual exposition4 ,! t]m spiritual has1 h[ev]1 be5 s mu* misund]/ood1 9 reg>d to ! int]pretation ( prophecy1 t x may be well to expla9 "h :at is int5d$ by x4 ,no m is meant by ?is t]m1 ?an t ! prophecies relat+ to ! ,messiah's k+dom1 :i* ! ,*ri/ian mu/ all[ to be ( a spiritual nature1 =etel ev5ts :i* reg>d ! moral & religi\s1 & n ! political /ate ( ! _w4 ,9 a ^w1 t !y =e%[ ! progress1 & f9al e/abli%m5t ( true *ri/ianity on e>?2 ?is be+ ! ,messiah's k+dom1 or 8 spiritual reign4 ,9 ?is subject1 or ! progress ( our religion1 we h a hi/ory ab\nd+ 9 ev5ts m div]sifi$ 9 _! nature1 & m int]e/+ 9 _! consequ5ces1 because m influ5tial on ! happ9ess ( mank9d1 ?an any :i* political hi/ory c furni%4 ,_! *ronology & geography are 9 "s po9ts peculi>2 b1 rightly und]/ood1 ev5 ^! admit ( be+ m>k$ ) un]r+ precision1 & pres5t "s ( ! mo/ /rik+ pro(s ( div9e =ekn[l$ge4 ,we h intimat$ t prophetic language ab\nds 9 metaphor2 b ?is rema9s to be prov$1 z well z /at$2 & ! nature ( ^! metaphors requires to be po9t$ out & expla9$4 ,?is c only be done by citations f ! prophecies !mselves1 :i* %all1 h[ev]1 be made ) z mu* brevity z ! subject w admit (4 ,! passages %all all be tak5 f prophecies relat+ to ! ,messiah's k+dom2 & :ile _! purport is made manife/1 x %all at ! same "t be %ewn t !y are uni=mly employ$ 9 ! same s5se1 :5 ! ,messiah's k+dom is ! subject treat$ (1 ?r\gh\t ! ,new z well z ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,we proce$ to %[ ! metaphorical nature ( prophetic language4 ,:5 ,isaiah 7,*4 lxi47 uses su* phrases z1 trees ( righte\sness1 g>m5ts ( praise1 g>m5ts ( salvation1 x is manife/ t he _c mean lit]al trees or lit]al g>m5ts2 ! figurative & spiritual import express$ by ! epi!t affix$ to ea*1 namely righte\sness1 salvation & praise1 is ! only "o t c be giv5 to !m4 ,:5 ! same prophet 7,*4 lx47 =etell+ ! glory ( ! ,messiah's reign1 by ! conv]sion ( ! ,g5tiles1 says ,! abundance ( ! sea %all be conv]t$ unto !e2 ! =ces ( ! ,g5tiles %all come unto !e1 x is evid5t t ! sea does n mean ! lit]al sea1 b figuratively ! ,g5tile nations1 z aft]w>ds express$4 ,:5 he /yles ! ,messiah's k+dom1 ,zion1 ! city ( ! ,"l1 ^: walls %all be call$ salvation1 & ^: gates praise2 a spiritual & n a lit]al city mu/ be int5d$4 ,:51 *ang+ ! metaphor1 he calls ! city a bride 7,*4 lxii1 #e17 or describes x z a woman 9 lab\r1 & br++ =? a male *ild1 7,*4 lxvi4 #f4 #h47 x is cle> t all ^! expressions mu/ be metaphorical2 ! m\nta91 ! city1 ! bride & ! "m1 be+ alike us$ to express ! same object2 & t object1 z ! context decl>es1 ! spiritual glory ( ! ,messiah's reign2 spl5did 9 righte\sness1 abundant 9 salvation4 ,al?\gh ! spiritual import ( ^! expressions appe>s self-evid5t2 :ile ! context may satisfy ! ,*ri/ian t ^! *apt]s =e%[ ! nature ( ! ,messiah's k+dom1 metaphorically /yl$ by ! prophets1 ! ,zion ( ,god1 ,8 holy m\nta91 ! heav5ly ,j]usalem1 c41 t]ms :i* alone bespeak its spirituality2 yet h we moreov] ! direct sanction & au?ority ( ! ,apo/les ,paul & ,john = ?us und]/&+ !m4 ,/4 ,paul1 :5 comp>+ ! advantages ( ! two cov5ants1 & contra/+ ! rigor\s sev]ity ( ! law1 ) ! indulg5t mildness ( ! gospel1 borr[s ^! v metaphors f ! prophets1 call+ ! =m] ,m\nt ,s9ai1 & ! latt] ,m\nt ,zion4 7,heb4 xii4 #ah47 ,= ye are n come1 says he1 to ! m\nta9 t might be t\*$1 & t burn$ ) fire1 nor unto blackness & d>kness & tempe/1 c4 ,b ye are come unto ,m\nt ,zion1 & unto ! city ( ! liv+ ,god1 ! heav5ly ,j]usalem1 & to an innum]able company ( ,angels4 ,to ! g5]al assembly & *ur* ( ! fir/-born1 :i* are writt5 9 heav51 c4 ,"h we see ,m\nt ,s9ai1 f :i* ! law 0 deliv]$1 figuratively us$ to signify ! ,old ,cov5ant2 & ,m\nt ,zion1 & ! ,heav5ly ,j]usalem to signify ! ,new ,cov5ant1--call$ also ! g5]al assembly & *ur* ( ! fir/-born2 t is ( ! reg5]ate ?r\gh ,*ri/4 ,9 l mann] ,/4 ,john1 :5 =e%[+ ! f9al e/abli%m5t ( true ,*ri/ianity1 uses ! same metaphor ( a city & a bride1 t _h be5 previ\sly us$ by ,isaiah4 7,rev4 xxi4 #b47 ,& ,i1 ,john1 saw ! holy city1 new ,j]usalem com+ d[n f ,god out ( heav5 prep>$ z a bride1 adorn$ = h] husb&1 c4 ,b let x n be errone\sly suppos$ t ! figurative "* ( prophetic language consi/s m]ely 9 ! use ( ^! t]ms to express ! ,messiah's k+dom2 or t ! pro( ( its spirituality is conf9$ to ! employm5t1 h[ev] frequ5t1 ( su* phrases z trees ( righte\sness1 wat]s ( life1 wells ( salvation1 c42 ! fact is1 t e allusion to t k+dom is c\*$ 9 t]ms1 :i* admit only ( spiritual int]pretation3 & :]e any l5g!n$ description occurs1 ! language assumes ! =m ( cont9u$ allegory1 9 :i* ! moral & religi\s /ate ( mank9d is =e%ewn 9 t]ms appropriate only to ! physical _w4 ,z 9 ,ezekiel xxxiv4 #bf4 ,& ,i w make !m1 & ! places r\nd ab\t my hill a bless+2 & ,i w cause ! %[] to come d[n is 8 season2 !re %all be %[]s ( bless+4 ,& ! tree ( ! field %all yield h] fruit1 & ! e>? %all yield h] increase1 & !y %all be safe 9 _! l&1 & %all "k t ,i am ! ,"l4 ,:5 ,j]emiah 7xxxi4 #ab47 9 simil> language =etels ! abundance ( bless+s promis$ 9 ?is k+dom1 ev5 ! ,rabbi admits t ! figurative & n ! lit]al s5se is to be tak52 & t spiritual1 n temporal bless+s are "h int5d$ by ! prophet4 ,!re=e !y %all come & s+ 9 ! height ( ,zion1 & %all fl[ toge!r = ! goodness ( ! ,"l1 = :eat & = w9e1 & = oil1 & = ! "y ( ! flock1 & ( ! h]d1 c4 ,b ! ma9 po9t aim$ at 9 ! foll[+ exposition2 & :at ! writ] wi%es to be its di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic is1 t ( mak+ scripture its own int]pret]2 = 9 e passage t has be5 ref]r$ to1 & p]haps x may be said1 9 e "o t c be ref]r$ to1 !re w be f\nd 9 ! context suffici5t intimation ( ! purport ( ! figurative expressions employ$4 ,on ?is plan ! bolde/ metaphors w be f\nd to admit ( easy explanation2 & passages o!rwise inexplicable w f9d _! solution1 ^u "o consi/5t & uni=m pr9ciple ( int]pretation4 ,a few examples w af=d illu/ration ( ! propos$ plan ( exposition4 ,"o ( ! bolde/ metaphors us$ by ! prophets 9 ref]5ce to ! ,messiah's k+dom is1 t :i* repres5ts ! e/abli%m5t ( ?is new ord] ( ?+s1 promis$ 9 8 reign1 z a new heav5 & a new e>?2 9 fact z a new creation3 a mode ( expression1 :i* has no d\bt be5 (t5 und]/ood1 by ^? :o are n suffici5tly conv]sant ) ! nature ( prophetic language1 z lit]ally =etell+ a *ange 9 ! physical _w1 t we inhabit4 ,nor is ?is error conf9$ to ! unle>n$3 x appe>s to h be5 fall5 into by "o :o may p]haps be ju/ly /yl$ ! mo/ le>n$ comm5tator on prophecy ( ! pres5t age2 & moreov] ! v writ] :o has po9t$ out ! true pr9ciple ( exposition4 ,! intellig5t & pr(\nd ,dean ( ,li*field 9 8 "w on ! ,apocalypse1 aft] po9t+ out ! figurative s5se ( su* passages1 yet1 /range to say1 rel9qui%es ?is s5se :]e x seems ! mo/ appropriate1 & adopts ! lit]al4 ,9 allusion to ! fir/ e/abli%m5t ( ! ,jewi% ,!ocracy1 we f9d 9 ,isaiah 7li4 #af47 ! foll[+ figurative language4 ,:5 ,i h put my words 9 ?y m\?1 & cov]$ !e ) ! palm ( my h&1 t ,i may plant ! heav51 & lay ! f\ndation ( ! e>?4 ,?us1 select+ ! ,jews to be ,god's *os5 p1 & putt+ 8 words 9 ! m\? ( ! prophet1 are said to be plant+ ! heav5s & lay+ ! f\ndation ( ! e>?4 ,& 9 con=mity ) ?is /yle1 :5 ! old ,cov5ant 0 to be dissolv$1 & ! new "o to be e/abli%$1 new heav5s & a new e>? are said to be creat$4 7,isa4 lxv4 #ag47 ,= behold ,i create new heav5s & a new e>?1 & ! =m] %all n be rememb]$ nor come into m9d4 ,:5 ,/4 ,john1 9 ! ,rev4 vi4 #ab4 =etels ! corruption ( ,*ri/ianity1 9 a prophecy :i* appe>s di/9ctly applicable to ! ev5ts t occurr$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury2 he borr[s ! same metaphors1 & describes ! loss or corruption ( true religion z ! dep>ture ( ! heav5s1 & ! d>k5+ ( ! heav5ly lum9>ies4 7,rev4 vi4 #ab47 ,& ,i beheld :5 he _h op5$ ! six? seal1 & lo !re 0 a great e>?quake2 & ! sun became black z sackclo? ( hair1 & ! moon became z blood2 ,& ! />s ( heav5 fell unto ! e>?2 ev5 z a fig-tree ca/e? h] untimely figs1 :5 %e is %ak5 ( a mighty w9d4 ,& ! heav5 dep>t$ z a scroll :5 x is roll$ toge!r1 c4 ,! hi/orical view ( ?is p]iod1 tak5 by ,dr4 ,woodh\se1 exactly accords ) ! figurative s5se ( ! prophecy--yet1 to ! manife/ injury ( consi/5t int]pretation1 x is "h t he rel9qui%es ! figurative1 & adopts ! lit]al s5se1 suppos+ ! day ( judgm5t to be "h =etold4 ,:ile ?us compell$ to diss5t f "s p>ticul> views ( ?is writ]1 ,i _c pass by ?is opportunity ( express+ ! v high e/imation 9 :i* ,i o!rwise hold 8 mo/ valuable publication4 7,woodh\se on ! ,apocalypse47 ,o!r comm5tators on prophecy1 :o h = ! mo/ "p adopt$ ! political 9 pref]5ce to ! spiritual view1 reg>d ! heav5s1 z symboliz+ ! civil gov]nm5t or rul+ p[]s 9 a /ate2 & x is true t ^! expressions h n be5 always conf9$ 9 prophecy to ! pr$iction ( spiritual ev5ts2 b h be5 also us$ 9 =etell+ ! judgm5ts ( ,god ^u political /ates & k+doms4 ,b :5 ! ,messiah's k+dom is ! ackn[l$g$ subject1 to look to political ev5ts = its fulfilm5t1 is surely to run into ! error ( ! ,jews1 & to disreg>d ! intimation expressly giv5 by him2 :o decl>$ t 8 k+dom 0 )9 u2 or z ! prophets _h previ\sly =e%ewn--behold1 ,i w put my law 9 _! inw>d p>ts2 & write x 9 _! he>ts4 ,"o example m %all suffice1 = %ew+ ! sup]iority ( ! spiritual view1 9 af=d+ ! solution ( passages1 :i* ^u any o!r mu/ appe> utt]ly inexplicable4 ,x has be5 /at$ t ,zion is also repres5t$ z a woman1 & a "m2 ( :i* ! mo/ rem>kable in/ance occurs 9 ! foll[+ extraord9>y passage 9 ,isaiah lxvi4 #g1 #h4 ,be=e %e travail$ %e br\ght =?2 be=e h] pa9s came %e 0 deliv]$ ( a man-*ild4 ,:o ha? he>d su* a ?+8 ,:o ha? se5 su* ?+s8 ,%all ! e>? be made to br+ =? 9 "o day8 or %all a nation be born at once8 = z soon z ,zion travail$ %e br\ght =? h] *ildr54 ,! ,*ri/ian may p]haps suppose1 z "s h done1 t ,*ri/ is ! man-*ild "h int5d$2 b t _c be4 ,= ,zion is ! "m1 & a m\nta9 c nev] be lit]ally und]/ood to br+ =? a man2 ! m\nta9 is a figurative "m1 & ! *ild mu/ be a figurative *ild4 ,:at does ! "m figuratively signify8 is !n ! "q mo/ likely to lead u to ! nature ( ! *ild4 ,we h already se5 t ?is t]m is con/antly appli$ to ,israel1 & especially ) ref]5ce to _! spiritual /ate ( reg5]ation ?r\gh ,*ri/ianity4 ,su* we may presume1 !n1 is ! mean+ ( ,zion "h2 & t ! reg5]ation ( ! ,jews ?r\gh ,*ri/ianity is ! bir? & p>turition "h spok5 (4 ,^u ?is view ,judaism1 or ! ,jewi% ,*ur* w be ! "m1 & ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* or ,*ri/ianity h] *ild--! man-*ild1 :o 0 orda9$ to rule all nations4 ,ps4 ii4 ,! next "q is1 h[ ! bir? c be said to h prec$$ ! lab\r-pa9s4 ,mr4 ,l[?1 to :om m ?an any o!r ,i feel indebt$ = mu* valuable assi/ance 9 expla9+ ! ,old ,te/am5t prophecies1 supposes ! lab\r-pa9s to be 8! de/ruction ( ! ,jewi% ,polity1 mak+ way = ! gr[? ( ,*ri/ianity40 ,& ?is seems a plausible explanation1 z ^! tr\bles ( ! ,jewi% ,*ur* foll[$ ! bir? or promulgation ( ,*ri/ianity =ty ye>s4 ,b ! solution is only plausible2 = ! gr[? is n ! bir?2 or if x be tak5 z ! bir?1 !n x no long] prec$es b foll[s ! lab\r-pa9s1 = :atev] effect ! de/ruction ( ,judaism _h 9 promot+ ,*ri/ianity1 ?is effect 0 subsequ5t & n prior to t ev5t2 & ?us ! solution fails 9 ! ma9 po9t4 ,moreov]1 ^u ! spiritual plan ( exposition1 x may ju/ly be object$1 t ^! tr\bles ( ! ,jewi% ,*ur* 7 r ( a political ?an a spiritual "*2 & c]ta9ly 9 no way ess5tial to ! bir? ( ,*ri/ianity1 & _c !re=e be consid]$ z ! lab\r-pa9s1 or ev5 z ! aft]-pa9s ( t bir?4 ,?is objection be+ valid1 let a m spiritual view be tak51 & ! objection w vani%4 ,let ! worldly feel+s :i* prev5t$ ! ,jews f receiv+ ,*ri/ z _! ,messiah1 & ! inw>d /ruggle requir$ to ov]come ^!1 symbolise ! pa9s ( lab\r1 & ! connexion w be evid5t4 ,= ?is v /ruggle & victory ov] worldly feel+s con/itute ! reg5]ation ?r\gh ,*ri/2 & ?is !re=e is ess5tial to ! bir? ( ,*ri/ianity1 8! new bir? unto righte\sness40 ,b ) ! fir/ ,*ri/ians ?is /ruggle c\ld n prec$e ! bir?1 = !y receiv$ ,*ri/1 be=e !y 7 aw>e ( ! spiritual nature ( 8 mission2 ! ,apo/les did n look = a spiritual ,messiah until aft] ! day ( ,p5teco/1 & !re=e ! bir? prec$$ ! pa9s ) !m2 b once aw>e ( ! sacrifice requir$1 !y *e]fully submitt$ to e species ( p]secution1 & triumph$ ov] all worldly feel+s4 ,& 9 e individual :o receives ,*ri/ianity1 ?is /ruggle ) worldly feel+s mu/ 9 "s measure cont9ue dur+ _! :ole lives4 ,) ! ,jews1 ! preval5ce ( ^! worldly feel+s1 & ! hope ( a temporal ,messiah1 /ill prev5t _! receiv+ ,*ri/ianity1 or ob/ruct _! reg5]ation4 ,& :5 ! evid5ce ( its tru? %all be =c$ ^u !m1 x is probable t ?is conviction w prec$e r ?an foll[ ! entire conque/ ov] worldly feel+s2 s difficult is x to *ange our habits & feel+s at once4 ,& 9 ?is we may p]ceive ! s5se ( ! rema9+ v]se1 cit$ above2 ,c ! e>? be made to br+ =? at once8 ,c a nation be born 9 a day8 ,= z soon z ,zion travail$ %e br\ght =? h] *ildr54 ,! e>? & ! nation %ew t a :ole p1 or race ( m51 are "h spok5 (2 & ! man-*ild ( ! =m] v]se1 we "h f9d *ang$ into *ildr51 9 ! plural numb]4 ,su* appe>s to be ! solution ( ! difficulty1 on ! spiritual plan ( exposition4 ,if an equally satisfactory solution c be (f]$ by ref]5ce to political ev5ts1 ?is w no d\bt be ! be/ def5ce ( t mode ( exposition t c be (f]$4 ,h[1 !n1 is ! fact8 ,! fact is1 t su* comm5t>ies are oblig$ to consid] n9e-t5?s ( ^! prophecies /ill unaccompli%$1 al?\gh a p]iod ( two ?\s& five hundr$ ye>s has elaps$ s9ce !y 7 utt]$2 & mo/ ( ?is int]val is ?us left1 to ,*ri/ians z well z ,jews1 a p]fect blank 9 ?is prophetic hi/ory ( ! progress ( ! ,messiah's k+dom2 )\t any pro(1 dur+ ?is "t1 at lea/ z drawn f ^! prophecies ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ( ,god's =ekn[l$ge ( ev5ts1 ( 8 provid5ce 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 or ( 8 int]position 9 ! disposal ( human affairs4 ,"s eight or t5 v]ses1 out ( six *apt]s1 are all t appe> ^u ?is plan to admit ( explanation2 :]eas1 by apply+ ! prophecy to ! progress ( ,*ri/ianity1 z ,*ri/'s spiritual k+dom1 & look+ to spiritual in/ead ( political ev5ts1 all ! lead+ occurr5ces 9 ! hi/ory ( our religion1 f its fir/ promulgation to ! pres5t day1 already fulfill$1 or n[ 9 ! progress ( fulfilm5t1 w be f\nd to be cle>ly =e%ewn 9 "o un9t]rupt$ s]ies ( pr$ictions1 compris+ e v]se & e l9e 9 ^! *apt]s1 except a few v]ses :i* are /ill veil$ 9 futurity4 ,admitt+ ! spiritual int]pretation1 be+ 9 fact equival5t to admitt+ t ,*ri/ is ! ,messiah1 is ! ma9 po9t at issue betwe5 ! ,rabbi & ! ,au?or2 b z _m ,*ri/ians /ill reject ! figurative & spiritual exposition1 x is hop$ t to !m also ! =ego+ rem>ks may be n altoge!r useless2 nor an unsuitable introduction to ! foll[+ new plan ( exp\nd+ ,ze*>iah's prophetic view ( ! progress ( ! ,messiah's k+dom4 ,,ze*>iah ,,on ,,! ,,messiah',s ,,k+dom4 ,,int]pretation3 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,! subject ( ^! *apt]s appe>s to be t1 :i*1 f its con/ant repetition by all ! ,prophets f ! e>lie/ to ! late/1 0 evid5tly e/eem$ ! mo/ important to ! int]e/s ( mank9d2 namely1 ! com+ ( ! ,messiah4 ,?is great ev5t1 be+ promis$ z a bless+ to ! desc5dants ( ,abraham1 & p>ticul>ly to ! h\se ( ,judah1 x 0 natural t ! ,jews %\ld expect to obta9 by x peculi> advantages2 & accord+ly1 :atev] may be _! views at ?is "t1 we le>n f ! writ+s ( ,/4 ,paul1 t _! g5]al expectation !n 01 t to _! nation w\ld ! b5efits ( x be conf9$4 ,! nature ( ^! b5efits 0 moreov] expect$ to consi/1 *iefly1 9 ! political supremacy to be conf]r$ ^u !m by a great temporal pr9ce1 :o %\ld e/abli% _! dom9ion ov] all ! e>?4 ,su* 7 ! expectations ( ! ,jews2 :]eas ! ,*ri/ians :o equally believe ! prophecies :i* conta9 ^! promises1 h be5 taught to int]pret !m 9 a v diff]5t mann]4 ,!y conceive t ^! b5efits w ext5d to all mank9d2 & und]/& !m z hav+ no ref]5ce to political p[] or temporal affairs1 b z af=d+ ! means ( obta9+ advantages ( a f> high] & m p]man5t nature2 ev5 ! bless+s ( et]nal life1 & et]nal happ9ess4 ,n t ^! bless+s 7 by ! ,messiah's com+ to be directly & unconditionally conf]r$ ^u mank9d2 b t ! means ( obta9+ !m w\ld !reby be af=d$ to all su* z 7 dispos$ to seek aft] !m4 ,^! means !y conceive to be accompli%$ ?r\gh ! e/abli%m5t ( a k+dom on e>?2 a k+dom1 h[ev]1 n ( a temporal1 b ( a spiritual nature2 "o :i* consi/s 9 ! reign ( true religion 9 ! he>t ( man1 a real ,!ocracy2 by :i* man is enabl$ to ov]come ! _w1 t is1 to rule & direct 8 passions & worldly prop5sities1 & by mak+ 8 future exi/5ce a p>am\nt consid]ation1 to r5d] him meet to enjoy x4 ,su*1 accord+ to ! ,*ri/ian's view1 is ! victory to be ga9$2 su* ! k+dom to be e/abli%$ by ! ,messiah2 & h5ce ! app>5t contradiction1 t :ile battles & conflicts are spok5 (1 x is yet decl>$ to be a peaceful k+dom4 ,b conceiv+ ! prophecies :i* ann\nce ! com+ ( ! ,messiah to h be5 accompli%$ 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 ! ,*ri/ian supposes ?is k+dom to be already e/abli%$1 & t ,*ri/ does actually reign 9 ! he>t ( e true believ]4 ,t ! numb]s ( su* are comp>atively small1 & by no means to be e/imat$ by ! numb] ( ^? :o be> ! "n ( ,*ri/ian1 is a lam5table tru?2 b x is a tru?1 :i* he 0 fully prep>$ to look = by ! same un]r+ ^w ( prophecy2 :i* cle>ly ann\nc$1 t a long p]iod ( d>kness & apo/acy w\ld int]v5e betwe5 ! appe>ance ( ! ,messiah on e>?1 & ! univ]sal e/abli%m5t ( 8 k+dom4 ,x is true t ! ,*ri/ian f9ds ! cle>e/ annunciation ( ?is long p]iod ( anti*ri/ian d>kness1 9 books :i* are ( no au?ority 9 ! e/imation ( ! ,jew1 9 ^? ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 to wit2 b if x c be %ewn1 z we conceive x c1 t ! same ev5ts are also cle>ly =etold by ! ,prophets ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! subject w !n pref] an equal claim to ! att5tion ( bo?2 to t ( ! ,jew1 z call+ ^u him1 imp>tially to consid] ! evid5ce1 :i* seems to prove t 8 ,messiah has already appe>$ on e>?2 & to t ( ! ,*ri/ian1 z call+ ^u him c>efully to exam9e h[ f> ! religion he pr(esses may1 bo? 9 doctr9e & practice1 /ill be t9ctur$ ) ! corruptions ( anti*ri/ianity4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! po9t at issue2 :e!r or n1 we h 9 ^! six *apt]s ( ,ze*>iah1 "o ( ^? ,div9e revelations1 :i* displays a prophetic view ( ! com+ ( ! ,messiah2 ( 8 be+ reject$ by mo/ ( 8 own nation1 b receiv$ by ! ,g5tiles2 ( ! consequ5t abolition ( ,paganism1 7!n1 except ) ! ,jews1 ! univ]sal religion ( ! _w71 & ! sub/itution ( ,*ri/ianity 9 its /ead2 b :i* at ! same "t =etels ! corruption ( ?is religion by u ! ,g5tiles2 & ! long reign ( anti*ri/ian d>kness :i* has s9ce prevail$ 9 ! room ( x2 ) all ! mo/ notable ev5ts att5d+ ^! extraord9>y revolutions 9 ! human m9d2 ev5ts /ill fulfill+ be=e our eyes1 & op5 to ! obs]vation ( all :o ?9k ! subject wor?y ( _! att5tion4 ,:e!r all ?is be cle>ly intimat$ 9 ! *apt]s be=e u1 & c be made out )\t violat+ grammatical con/ruction 9 ! translation ( ! ,hebrew1 or legitimate consi/5cy 9 ! int]pretation ( prophetic language1 is ! "q we propose to consid]4 ,frequ5t p]usal & c>eful exam9ation h satisfi$ ! m9d ( ! writ]1 t ! subject ( !m is no o!r ?an an epitome ( ! prophetic hi/ory :i* 0 aft]w>ds amplifi$ 9 ! ,revelations ( ,/4 ,john2 :]e we f9d1 z occurs 9 o!r in/ances 9 :i* ! pr$ictions are repeat$1 t ! ev5ts are unfold$ ) great] precision & m9ut5ess z ! p]iod ( _! accompli%m5t draws nigh4 ,t no su* subject di/9ctly appe>s1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! au?oris$ translation conta9$ 9 our ,bibles1 is mo/ c]ta92 nor 0 x to be look$ =1 t any passages1 :i* admitt$ ( diff]5t modes ( con/ruction1 %\ld be r5d]$ 9 a way lea/ acceptable to ! expositor1 9 a translation :i* is almo/ :olly ,jewi%1 be+ f\nd$ on ! ,masoretic punctuation4 ,on ! contr>y1 x appe>s1 9 n a few in/ances1 t ! usual & lit]al s5se has be5 reject$ = "o m remote1 b m consonant to ! views & prejudices1 ( ^? :o fram$ ! punctuation4 ,t ?is /atem5t may n re/ on ! que/ionable gr\nd ( ass]tion or op9ion1 ! read] w f9d1 9 ! notes subjo9$1 a full /atem5t ( ! reasons = all ! *anges propos$2 & ! ,hebrew s*ol> w ?us h full opportunity to *all5ge _! validity1 if he f9d occasion4 ,x is ! writ]'s wi% t !y %\ld be freely canvass$2 tru? is ! only object he has 9 view2 & he asks no o!r conditions on ent]+ ! ar5a1 ?an t ( disclaim+ ! au?ority ( ! ,masoretic punctuation4 ,8 reasons = ?is w appe> suffici5tly obvi\s4 ,if1 )\t ! aid ( ! po9ts1 we obta9 a mean+ t is simple & satisfactory 9 _m passages1 :i* by !m are r5d]$ obscure or un9telligible2--if a connect$ & unbrok5 explanation ( ea* v]se be atta9able )\t !m1 :ile only a few v]ses deta*$ f ! context h be5 expla9$ by ! able/ comm5tators ?r\gh _! aid2 suffici5t reason w surely appe> = reject+ an au?ority :i*1 in/ead ( facilitat+ our progress1 only encumb]s ! subject ) unnecess>y difficulties4 ,! read] ne$ n1 h[ev]1 expect t e difficulty w be remov$ by ! propos$ alt]ations2 or t ev5 ! am5d$ translations w af=d su* an exposition z to admit ( no possible objection4 ,x 7 absurd to suppose t ! /r5g? ( ! argum5t c lie all on "o side1 :]e two are engag$ 9 ! controv]sy4 ,= ! ,jew is 9 ?is case no man ( /raw1 set up to be knock$ d[n at pleasure1 b a true ,jew1 a ,hebrew ( ! ,hebrews1 an advocate z zeal\s 9 ! cause he def5ds1 z 8 ,*ri/ian oppon5t4 ,ea* believes himself 9 ! "r2 ea* expects to obta9 ! victory2 & x is n improbable t ! read]1 :o sits z umpire 9 ! conte/1 may1 aft] all1 ?\gh unconsci\s ( p>tiality1 give judgm5t accord+ to ! bias ( 8 feel+s1 :e!r he be ,jew or ,*ri/ian1 r ?an accord+ to ! ab/ract m]its ( ! "q4 ,reg>d+ ! subject ( ! prophecy1 z ! com+ ( ! ,messiah1 ! introduction1 :i* is compris$ 9 ! fir/ eight v]ses ( ?is *apt]1 appe>s to be ! mo/ appropriate t c possibly be conceiv$4 ,x op5s ) a d5unciation aga9/ worldly-m9d$ness1 & a decl>ation ( ,god's purpose to fru/rate ! s*emes1 & cut (f ! hopes ( ambition1 pride1 & av>ice1 9 ! judgm5ts pron\nc$ aga9/ ^? cities1 :i* 7 !n ! mo/ conspicu\s = _! ri*es & p[]4 ,?is is imm$iately foll[$1 z if by way ( contra/1 by a view ( ! spiritual nature ( ! ,messiah's k+dom1 f\nd$ 9 meekness & humility1 & af=d+ b5efits ( a v diff]5t k9d1 namely1 ! tak+ away ( s91 & ! r$emption ( mank9d f a /ate ( s9 & p]dition2 b5efits :i* 7 n to be conf9$ to ! ,jews alone1 b to ext5d to ! ,g5tiles also1 & t on t]ms ( equal p>ticipation ) ! ,jews4 ,! d5unciations are conta9$ 9 ! fir/ six v]ses z foll[3 ,ze*4 ix4 ,! heavy burd5 ( ! ^w ( ! ,"l aga9/ ! l& ( ,hadra* & ,damascus2 8 s5d+ d[n1 7t is1 ! ,"l's7 = ! ,"l's is ! eye ( man1 7! eye ( ! se] :o receives ! vision17 & all ! tribes ( ,israel 7:om x imm$iately conc]ns74 ,hama? also %all h a limit set to h]2 ,tyre & ,sidon also1 ?\gh %e be v wise--7worldly-wise74 ,= %e ha? built h]self ,tyre1 a /rong hold1 & heap$ up silv] z ! du/1 & f9e gold z ! mire ( ! /reets4 ,behold ! ,"l w ca/ h] out1 & smite h] p[] 9 ! sea1 & %e %all be dev\r$ ) fire4 ,a%kalon %all see x & fe>1 ,gaza also %all see x & be v sorr[ful2 & ,ekron1 = h] hope %all be dri$ up1 & ! k+ %all p]i% f ,gaza1 & ,a%kalon %all n be inhabit$1 & a /rang] %all dwell 9 ,a%dod1 & ,i w cut (f ! pride ( ! ,phili/9es4 ,^! d5unciations are *iefly direct$ aga9/ ! ,phili/9es1 ! cities enum]at$ be+ ! mo/ conspicu\s ( any !y possess$1 & no d\bt1 ! pride ( _! nation4 ,"h1 !n1 appe>s suffici5t reason = ! ,jews to int]pret ! prophecy1 z altoge!r 9 _! fav\r1 d5\nc+ judgm5ts ^u _! enemies4 ,b yet x is possible !y may h view$ !m too p>tially1 & may ev5 h ov]look$ ! express objects ( d5unciation 9 ! prophecy2 :i* d5\nces _! av>ice & ambition1 & decl>es t ! pride r ?an ! cities ( ! ,phili/9es %all be cut (f4 ,z = ! cities !mselves1 heavy judgm5ts are pron\nc$ aga9/ !m all4 ,"o1 x is decl>$1 %all n be inhabit$2 ano!r1 ,sidon1 is ?reat5$ ) an ov]?r[1 :i* x receiv$ n long aft] f ,o*us1 k+ ( ,p]sia1 9 precisely ! mann] "h =etold2 :ile ,tyre1 ,gaza1 & o!rs1 7 tak5 by ,alex&] ! ,great2 b if we keep to ! lett] ( ! prophecy1 x is _! av>ice1 ambition1 & pride1 t are di/9ctly m>k$ z ! objects ( ,div9e displeasure2 & ev5 ! judgm5ts pron\nc$ aga9/ !m on ?is acc\nt1 are imm$iately c\pl$ ) ! succe$+ promise ( m]cy & r$emption1 ?r\gh ! means ( a meek & humble ,messiah1 :o %\ld take away s9 & pollution1 & speak peace to ! hea!n4 ,b :y1 x may be ask$1 7 ^! (f5ces condemn$ 9 ! ,phili/9es p>ticul>ly8 ,7 n ! ,jews also addict$ to pride1 av>ice1 & worldly ambition8 ,no d\bt !y 7 s2 & ! prophecy be+ address$ to !m1 x appe>s t ! admonition 0 expressly int5d$ = _! use4 ,pride 0 ev5 less excusable 9 ! ,jews1 :o c\ld f9d no sanction = x 9 _! religion2 :ile ?is 0 ! v basis ( ,pagan morality2 ! p$e/al on :i* hon\r 0 erect$2 t idol ( self-e/imation1 ! highe/ ( ,pagan virtues4 ,^! vices 7 !re=e m appropriately d5\nc$ 9 ! ,phili/9es1 z peculi>ly belong+ to !m1 ?\gh spread+1 by contagion1 to ! ,jews2 & if puni%able 9 ! =m]1 h[ c\ld !y be excusable 9 ! latt]8 ,! m9d ( ! ,*ri/ian read] w naturally rev]t to ! pride :i* revolt$ at ! idea ( a meek & humble ,messiah1 & caus$ ! ,jews to reject him4 ,b t _c be ! "q "h2 = ! ,jews are n "h po9t$ out z ! objects ( ,div9e displeasure2 nor is any intimation hi!rto giv5 ( _! (f5ce2 & t ( its puni%m5t c\ld n surely prec$e x4 ,! feel+ might inde$ be !re1 & a salut>y w>n+ ( its be+ displeas+ 9 ! sight ( ,heav51 & ( ! fatal consequ5ces ab\t to result f x1 seems "h int5d$2 b ! p5alty 0 n incurr$ till ! ov]t act 0 committ$1 & to =etell ! puni%m5t be=e ! (f5ce itself 0 intimat$1 w\ld h be5 a prophetical solecism4 ,z we proce$1 we %all f9d1 9 its prop] place1 due notice tak5 bo? ( ! "o & ! o!r4 ,9 ! next v]se we f9d ^! d5unciations1 c\pl$ ) promises ( m]cy & r$emption to ! rema9+ ,g5tiles1 v]se #g1 ,b ,i w take away 8 blood f out ( 8 m\?2 & 8 pollution f betwe5 8 tee?2 & he t rema9e?1 ev5 he %all be = our ,god2 t is1 ! rema9+ ,g5tiles %all h _! s9s =giv51 _! pollution wa%$ away1 !y %all be r$eem$ f ! d>kness ( ,paganism1 & reclaim$ to ! wor%ip ( ! true ,god2 ,& he %all be z a *ief 9 ,judah1 ,ekron1 z well z ! ,jebusite2 t is1 he 7! rema9+ ,g5tile7 %all atta9 !reby to a full p>ticipation ) ! ,jew1 9 all ! spiritual bless+s promis$ 9 ! ,messiah's k+dom4 ,! prophecy hav+ n[ decl>$ ! admission ( ! ,g5tiles1 promises t ! ,messiah's k+dom1 ?us e/abli%$1 %all ev] enjoy ,div9e protection & support4 ,& ,i w encamp ab\t m9e h\se1 aga9/ ! army1 aga9/ him t passe? ov]1 & aga9/ him t returne?1 & !re %all no oppressor pass ov] !m any m1 = n[ h ,i se5 ) m9e eyes4 ,9 ! foll[+ v]se1 ! subject ( ! prophecy is s di/9ctly ann\nc$ z ! com+ ( ! ,messiah1 t ,jews z well z ,*ri/ians concur on ?is po9t1 ?\gh !y h n p]ceiv$ h[ ! prec$+ v]ses ref] to ?is k+dom4 ,rejoice greatly1 daught] ( ,zion2 %\t1 ,o daught] ( ,j]usalem2 behold ?y ,k+ %all come unto !e1 j & hav+ salvation2 l[ly & rid+ ^u an ass1 ev5 a colt ! foal ( an ass4 ,! mann] ( ! ,messiah's com+ be+ "h s pla9ly =etold1 & 8 "* s di/9ctly describ$1 we wond] h[ ! ,jew c d5y t ?is 0 all fulfill$ 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/4 ,! reason is simply ?is2 he disbelieves ! facts4 ,! books 9 :i* !y are record$1 are ( no au?ority 9 8 e/imation2 he *all5ges _! te/imony on gr\nds too num]\s to be discuss$ "h4 ,to answ] 8 objections1 e disagreem5t betwe5 ! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t mu/ fir/ be reconcil$2 a task :i* appe>s to him to h hi!rto fail$ ) all :o h attempt$ x4 ,b ?is is n ! only objection he has to urge4 ,he *>ges ! ,*ri/ian ) p]v]t+ ! s5se ( prophecy2 & ?is v]se furni%es him ) an in/ance4 ,?us1 ! ,hebrew ^w r5d]$1 8hav+ salvation10 is really ! pa/ p>ticiple ( ! v]b 8to save10 lit]ally 8be+ sav$20 & t too foll[$ by ! emphatical pron\n himself1 8be+ sav$ himself40 ,surely ?is po9t might be safely conc$$ by ! ,*ri/ian1 :o admits t ,*ri/ 80 ! fir/ fruits ( !m t slept20 ! fir/ :o rose f ! dead1 to ev]la/+ life2 & t ?r\gh him we become p>tak]s 9 t resurrection4 ,! peaceful nature ( 8 k+dom1 ! p>ticipation ( ! hea!n 9 its bless+s1 & ! b\ndless ext5t ( its dom9ion are next decl>$3 ,& he w cut (f ! *>iot f ,ephraim1 & ! horse f ,j]usalem1 & ! battle b[ %all be cut (f2 & he %all speak peace to ! hea!n2 & 8 dom9ion %all be f ! sea ev5 to ! sea1 & f ! riv] to ! ends ( ! e>?4 ,! ,*ri/ian read] w f9d no difficulty 9 ! int]pretation ( ! v]se :i* foll[s4 ,z = !e1 by ! blood ( ?y cov5ant1 ,i h s5t =? ?y prison]s f ! pit :]e9 is no wat]4 ,! ,messiah is spok5 ( ?r\gh\t2 :o !n b ! ,messiah c be apo/rophis$ 9 ! words1 8,z = !e80 ,!n foll[s 8by ! blood ( ?y cov5ant40 ,:at blood b ! blood ( ,*ri/8 ,:at cov5ant1 b t seal$ by 8 blood1 c be allud$ to8 8,i h s5t ?y prison]s =?40 ,:at prison]s1 b ^? :o 7 9 ! bondage ( s98 8f ! pit :]e9 is no wat]40 ,:at pit1 b ! d>kness ( idolatry1 :i* _h none ( ! wat]s ( life8 ,surely ?is is a mo/ cle> & di/9ct intimation ( ! sacrifice ( ! ,messiah1 & ( ! b5efits !reby conf]r$ ^u mank9d 9 ! r$emption ( ! hea!n _w f ! d>kness ( idolatry2 ?us op5+ ! way to immortality1 to ! :ole human race4 ,b ! ,messiah "h appe>s to be promis$ to ! ,g5tiles1 hav+ be5 previ\sly promis$ to ! ,jews2 7 !n ^! promises retract$8 ,by no means4 ,to ! ,jews he 0 promis$1 & to !m he came1 exclusively address+ himself to ! h\se ( ,israel4 ,nor 0 x till aft] ! majority ( t nation _h reject$ & crucifi$ him1 t ! call+ ( ! ,g5tiles took place4 ,! bless+s he (f]$ be+ refus$ by ! =m]1 appe>s to h be5 ! imm$iate cause ( _! be+ giv5 to ! latt]4 ,accord+ly ?is seems to be ! purport ( ! next v]se1 :i* intimates t !re 0 "s reason :y ^! bless+s c\ld n be directly & unconditionally transf]r$ to ! ,g5tiles4 ,return ye to ! /rong hold1 my prison]s1 wait ?\ unto ! day ,i decl>e1 t ,i w repay !e d\ble2 t is1 wait = ! day :5 ^! bless+s w become y\rs1 ?r\gh ! ,jews' refusal ( !m4 ,nor yet 0 ! ,messiah reject$ by all ! ,jews2 = ! apo/les 7 ,jews2 ! disciples 7 ,jews2 by ,jews 0 ! ,gospel prea*$ & propagat$2 & to ! ,jews belongs ! hon\r ( ! fir/ triumph ( true religion ov] ,paganism1 & :at is m1 ov] ! passions & worldly prop5sities ( man2 & ?is triumphant progress ( ! ,gospel seems to be ! victory intimat$ 9 ! v]se :i* foll[s2 :]e9 ! reason is at ! same "t assign$ :y ,*ri/ did n address himself to ! ,g5tiles4 ,= ,i h b5t ,judah = me1 fill$ ! b[ ,ephraim2 & rais$ up ?y sons1 ,o ,zion1 aga9/ ?y sons1 ,o ,greece2 & made !e z ! sword ( a mighty man4 ,! triumphs ( ,judas ,maccabeus1 g5]ally suppos$ to be "h =etold1 _c be ! victories allud$ to2 = ,ephraim1 or ! t5 tribes1 "h decl>$ z be>+ a "p 9 !m1 _h already gone into captivity1 & bore no %>e :atev] 9 ^! subsequ5t w>s ( ,judah4 ,! true mean+ appe>s to be t ,judah 0 de/9$ to h ! hon\r ( fir/ e/abli%+ ! ,messiah's k+dom1 z promis$ f ! beg9n+4 ,h[ !n c\ld ,ephraim1 or ! t5 tribes1 x may be ask$1 be> a "p 9 ! triumphs ( ! ,gospel1 hav+ previ\sly gone into captivity8 ,! prophecy does n di/9ctly say s2 if we keep to ! lett]1 x is only said t ,ephraim z well z ,judah 0 prep>$ & m>%all$ = ! spiritual conflict3 ! triumph is decl>$ to ,zion ov] ,greece2 t is1 to true religion ov] ,pagan idolatry2 & 9 ?is w>f>e1 ?\gh n 9 ! w>s ( ,judas ,maccabeus1 ,ephraim did be> a "p2 = x is n to ! apo/olic age alone t we mu/ look = ! accompli%m5t ( ! great s*eme ( ,provid5ce = man's r$emption4 ,?is 0 only "o act 9 ! great drama2 :i* began "u ! ,old ,cov5ant1 & is n yet f9ally complet$ "u ! ,new4 ,9 ! =m]1 or ! ,old ,cov5ant1 all ! tribes ( ,israel bore _! %>e1 ,ephraim z well z ,judah2 & ! w>f>e n be+ f9ally conclud$1 :o %all say b ,ephraim may aga9 appe>1 & be> a fur!r "p 9 x8 ,hav+ decl>$ ! union ( ! ,g5tiles ) ! ,jews1 & _! jo9t p>ticipation 9 ! bless+s ( ! ,messiah's k+dom1 ! prophecy goes on to promise ! support & protection ( ,heav51 9 t]ms alike applicable to bo?4 ,& ! ,"l %all be se5 ov] !m1 & 8 arr[ %all g =? z ! lightn+2 & ! ,"l ,god %all bl[ ! trumpet1 & %all g =? ) :irlw9ds ( ! s\?4 ,& ! ,"l ( ho/s %all def5d !m1 & !y %all dev\r & subdue ) sl+-/ones2 & !y %all dr9k z w9e1 & !y %all be fill$ l b[ls1 l ! corn]s ( ! alt>4 7:i* 7 purposely s con/ruct$ z to receive ! blood ( ! sacrifices74 ,t ! :ole ( ^! expressions require to be tak5 figuratively & spiritually1 no "o conv]sant ) scriptural & prophetic language c surely d5y2 or = a mom5t suppose t lit]al drunk5ness & blood%$ are "h int5d$4 ,%\ld any d\bt rema9 t ! ,g5tiles are includ$ 9 ^! promises z well z ! ,jews1 ! next v]se appe>s to decide ! "q4 ,& ! ,"l _! ,god %all save !m 9 t day1 z ! flock ( 8 p4 ,if ! ,jews be call$ 8 p1 :o b ! ,g5tiles c be meant by ! o!r8 ,b ?is is foll[$ by ! direct decl>ation t all di/9ction betwe5 !m is on ! eve ( its abolition4 ,= ! wall ( sep>ation is tott]+ ov] 8 l&4 ,a rem>kable & /rik+ expression1 b /rangely p]v]t$ 9 our translation4 ,:y ! ,jews h lab\r$ to give a diff]5t turn to x1 by seek+ a m figurative & recondite mean+1 we ne$ be at no loss to conceive2 nor :y !y apply ^! v]ses to !mselves alone4 ,see note to ! translation ( ?is v]se4 ,b ?is view1 :i* w\ld limit ! b\nty ( ,heav5 to a p>ticul> race1 besides be+ at v>iance ) ! context1 seems little calculat$ to call =? ! feel+s ( adoration & praise ) :i* ?is *apt] concludes4 ,= h[ great is 8 goodness1 & h[ great is 8 beauty4 ,corn %all make ! "y m5 *e]ful1 & new w9e ! maids4 ,corn1 w9e1 c4 9 prophetic language ev] signify ! food ( spiritual k1 to be h5ce=? freely be/[$ on all1 ,g5tiles z well z ,jews4 ,,notes ,,to ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,hebrew ,,punctuation4 ,a ,summ>y ( ! argum5ts = & aga9/ ! antiquity & au?ority ( ! ,v[el ,po9ts1 is giv5 at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,second ,vol4 ( ,horne's ,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ! ,scriptures2 f :i* ! foll[+ consid]ations seem mo/ entitl$ to selection4 ,t ! e>lie/ traces ( ! po9ts are to be f\nd 9 ! t5? c5tury--t _m ( ! olde/ manuscripts n[ extant are )\t !m--t ! copies ( ! ,jewi% ,scriptures n[ us$ 9 ! ,synagogue & e/eem$ peculi>ly sacr$1 are )\t !m--t ! ,sam>itan lett]s :i* 7 ! same z ! ,hebrew be=e ! captivity1 are )\t !m--& ! ,sam>itan ,p5tateu* is )\t !m--t !re are no traces ( !m to be f\nd 9 ! %ekels 7co9s7 /ruck by ! k+s ( ,israel--t ! fa!rs1 p>ticul>ly ,orig5 & ,j]ome1 :o treat ( ! ,hebrew pronunciation1 make no m5tion ( !m--t all ! anti5t v>i\s read+s ( ! ,jews reg>d ! lett]s only1 n "o ( !m relates to ! v[el po9ts--to :i* may be add$1 t !re are five v[els 9 ! ,hebrew alphabet :i* are q suffici5t = read+ ! language1 ?\gh !y may n enable u to det]m9e ) precision ! anti5t pronunciation4 8,^! consid]ations10 says ,mr4 ,horne1 8h det]m9$ ! majority ( ,hebrew s*ol>s 9 ! pres5t day to reject _! au?ority40 ,/ill we may admit _! utility 9 fix+ ! pronunciation1 & p]haps also 9 facilitat+ ! con/ruction2 b ! ma9 objection to !m is1 t by *ang+ ! v[els1 !y frequ5tly alt] ! s5se1 z well z ! s\nd1 & t 9 passages :]e a ,jewi% int]pretation is p>ticul>ly op5 to suspicion4 ,?us 9 prophecies relat+ to ! ,messiah1 bo? _! prejudices & _! feel+s unfit !m = becom+ guides to a ,*ri/ian expositor4 ,v]se #a4 3 ,! heavy burd5 ( ! ^w ( ! ,"l 9 ! l& ( ,hadra*1 & ,damascus %all be ! re/ !re(2 :5 ! eyes ( man1 z ( all ! tribes ( ,israel1 %all be t[>ds ! ,"l4 ,^! are ! words ( ! translation 9 our ,bible2 b ! s5se ( !m ,i mu/ ackn[l$ge my inability to unravel4 ,( :at ,damascus is to be ! re/1 or :at p]iod is intimat$ by ! adv]b ( "t :51 ,i am at a loss to discov]4 ,! sep>ation ( ,hadra* & ,damascus by ! ins]tion ( a comma betwe5 !m1 evid5tly owes its orig9 to ! suppos$ necessity = r5d]+ ! ^w 7or 7 ! re/ !re(4 ,b if d]iv+ x f 7or 7 or 7or 7 does n af=d any intelligible s5se1 we are naturally l$ to seek ano!r d]ivation2 & we f9d "o 9 ! v]b 7or 7 to desc5d or s5d d[n1 :i* )\t violat+ grammatical con/ruction af=ds a mean+ n only intelligible1 b 9 p]fect unison ) ! context4 ,! ,hemantiv prefix$1 gives ! ?+ s5t d[n1 :ile ! suffix 81 evid5tly ref]s to ! ,"l :o s5ds ! vision or d5unciation4 ,! ,engli% con/ruction1 ( c\rse1 requires x %\ld be r5d]$ 8 s5d+ d[n1 t is1 ! ,"l's d5unciation1 aga9/ ,hadra* & ,damascus1 z well z ! o!r cities :i* are m5tion$ aft]w>ds2 = "h r5d]$ 91 may ) m propriety be r5d]$ aga9/ or ^u4 ,! v]b 7or 7 to s5d d[n1 occurs 9 ,joel iii4 #aa & else:]e3 b ! writ] freely ackn[l$ges t he has no au?ority = ! p>ticipial n\n ) ! ,hemantiv prefix$ to signify ! ?+ s5t d[n1 or ! act ( s5d+ d[n1 z ! s5se seems to require "h4 ,he !re=e re/s ?is con/ruction solely on ! gr\nd ( its be+ grammatically admissible1 consonant to analogy1 & 9 accordance ) ! context1 z af=d+ a satisfactory mean+4 ,let ^? :o are n satisfi$ ) su* reasons furni% a bett] solution ( ! difficulty4 ,9 ! next place1 !re is no necessity = r5d]+ 7or 7 :51 :i* m frequ5tly signifies =2 & :5 s r5d]$1 x w be f\nd to connect toge!r ! latt] & ! =m] "p ( ! v]se4 ,= ?is1 we only require to r5d] ! dative 1 z x frequ5tly is r5d]$ 9 ,hebrew1 z well z ,greek & ,lat91 to d5ote possession2 & ! v]se w run ?us4 ,= ! ,"l's is1 or to ! ,"l belongs1 ! eye ( man2 to wit1 ! eye ( ! ,se]1 :o receives ! vision1 & all ! tribes ( ,israel1 :om ! vision *iefly conc]ns4 ,mak+ ! tribes a g5itive case1 by ins]t+ ( be=e !m1 is :olly uncall$ = by ! text4 ,v]se #b4 3 ,& ,hama? also %all bord] !reby1 ,tyrus & ,sidon ?\gh x be v wise4 7or 7 to set b\nds to1 9 ! ,hiphil1 occurs 9 ,exod4 xix4 #ab #bc4--;,x "h appe>s to be ! ,huphal or passive ( ,hiphil--signify+ to be b\nd$1 or to be set b\nds to4 ,x is only necess>y to rem>k1 t leav+ aside ! punctuation1 ! =m ( ! future t5se w be id5tical 9 bo? ^! voices4 ,! s5se z x /&s is sc>cely intelligible4 ,:at is meant by bord] !reby1 x is n easy to conceive2 b by disc>d+ ! po9ts we readily obta9 a mean+ t is p]fectly intelligible4 7or 7 may !n be r5d]$ 9 ! passive voice1 in/ead ( ! active1 & w signify to be limit$1 or h b\nds set to2 & 7or 7 on or to h]1 :i* foll[s1 accords )1 & seems to dem& its be+ s r5d]$4 ,& ,hama? also %all h b\nds set to h]2 t is1 h] gr[+ greatness %all be *eck$4 ,tyre1 & also ,sidon ?\gh %e be v wise1 7or 71 wise1 no d\bt1 means "h1 worldly wise1 or v subtle4 ,v]se #e4 3 ,a%kalon %all see & fe>1 ,gaza also1 & %e %all be v sorr[ful1 & ,ekron = h] expectation %all be a%am$4 7or 7 may be d]iv$ ei!r f 7or 7 to be a%am$1 or f 7or 7 to dry up1 & :i!r z a plant = want ( moi/ure4 ,! latt] seems pref]able "h1 b x is n v mat]ial to ! s5se4 ,v]se #f4 3 ,a ba/>d %all dwell 9 ,a%dod1 & ,i w cut (f ! pride ( ! ,phili/9es4 7or 7 may be r5d]$ a /rang]1 z well z a ba/>d1 9 ! ,septuag9t1 :i* r5d]s ! s5se m obvi\s4 ,& ,i w cut (f ! pride ( ! ,phili/9es4 ,^! d5unciations appe> *iefly direct$ aga9/ ! ,phili/9es1 9 :om pride1 av>ice1 & ambition1 are specifi$ z ! great (f5ces4 ,! deliv]y ( ,a%dod into ! h&s ( a /rang] is ! judgm5t pron\nc$ aga9/ !m 9 ?is v]se1 z ! la/ means ( _! humiliation4 ,b "h ! tone ( ! prophecy *anges1 & in/ead ( fur!r puni%m5ts1 we f9d repeat$ promises ( bless+s & m]cy2 he t is left %all be = our ,god1 & z a ,gov]nor 9 ,judah1--& 9 ! v]se foll[+--,he 7! ,messiah be+ manife/ly meant "h7 %all speak peace to ! ,hea!n4--,:5ce !n ?is *ange8 ,we are l$ to seek1 & naturally expect to f9d1 "s gr\nd = x4 ,& accord+ly ! next v]se unfolds ! reason1 & expla9s ! occasion ( ?is *ange 9 ! c\nsel ( ,heav52 a *ange re/+ n on _! own m]its1 b on ,div9e ,m]cy4 ,= su* a con/ruction w ?is v]se be>1 q z well z ! "o usually put ^u x2 & ?is con/ruction is f> m 9 unison ) ! context1 ?an ! receiv$ "o4 ,v]se #g4 3 - ,& ,i w take away 8 blood f out ( 8 m\?1 & 8 abom9ations f betwe5 8 tee?1 & he t is left1 ev5 he %all be = our ,god1 & he %all be z a ,gov]nor 9 ,judah1 & ,ekron z a ,jebusite4 ,) sc>cely any alt]ation 9 ! translation1 ! words1 ev5 z !y /&1 admit ( a v diff]5t acceptation f t 9 :i* !y are commonly tak52 & in/ead ( be+ a figurative expression1 borr[$ f ! rescu+ its prey f ! jaws ( a lion2 9 :i* s5se ! ,jews take x1 z a promise to !mselves ( deliv]ance f _! enemies2 ! words m lit]ally tak51 w convey ! promise ( m]cy & r$emption to ! rema9+ ,g5tiles3 ^: s9 & pollution are to be tak5 away1 :o are to be reclaim$ to ! wor%ip ( ! true ,god1 & admitt$ to a full p>ticipation 9 all ! bless+s1 promis$ to ,israel by ! com+ ( ! ,messiah4 ,! ,g5tiles 7 e/eem$ pollut$ by eat+ ?+s unclean1 :i* 7 prohibit$ to ! ,jews4 ,c]ta9 animals--?+s /rangl$--& ! blood 9 p>ticul> 7 among ! =bidd5 food4 ,! new cov5ant remov$ ?is prohibition1 !reby tak+ away ! pollution f betwe5 8 tee?1 z x ceas$ to be a cause ( pollution4 ,! comm& giv5 to ,/4 ,pet]1 ,acts x4 #ad1 to kill & eat1 :]e all mann] ( food 0 pres5t$ to him1 0 expressly receiv$ by him z a comm& to prea* ! ,gospel to ! ,g5tiles1 or to admit !m into ! ,messiah's k+dom2 & ?is admission 0 unaccompani$ ) any su* prohibition1 nor 0 x subsequ5tly giv54 ,eat+ ?+s sacrific$ to idols 0 ano!r cause ( pollution :i* ! ,new ,cov5ant remov$1 by tak+ away ! cause 9 ! abolition ( idolatry4 ,?is lit]al fulfilm5t ( ! words ( ! prophecy may1 h[ev]1 be figuratively und]/ood1 to =e%ew ! remission ( s9s ?r\gh ,*ri/1 & ! admission ( ! ,hea!n nations to ! hopes ( ev]la/+ life f\nd$ on ! ,gospel4 ,! only *ange requir$ 9 ! ,engli% v]sion is to read ,b1 = ,&1 :i* are express$ alike by ! ,hebrew 1 & to und]/& 7or 7 8 abom9ations1 9 ! s5se mo/ appropriate to x1 z allud+ to ! wor%ip ( idols1 & we h ! s5se already express$1 :i* p]fectly h>monizes ) ! context4 ,:]eas1 tak5 9 ! o!r s5se1 :at becomes ( ! anti!sis8 ,:o is he t is left1 t %all be = our ,god1 & z a *ief 9 ,judah8 ,surely x _c be ! ,jew1 :o %all be z a ,jew4 ,b ! next words are decisive1 decl>+ t ,ekron & ! ,jebusite1 bo? ,g5tiles1 are "h int5d$4 ,& ,ekron z a ,jebusite4 ,?is mode ( r5d]+ leaves1 inde$1 ! =ce ( ^! words r ambigu\s2 b !re c be no intelligible s5se put ^u ! 7or 71 b t ( 9 l mann] z1 or1 z well z2 t is1 ,ekron z well z ! ,jebusite1 %all bo? be z ,gov]nors 9 ,judah4 ,v]se #h4 3 ,& ,i w encamp ab\t m9e h\se because ( ! army1 because ( him t passe? by1 & because ( him t returne?2 & no oppressor %all pass ?r\gh !m any m3 = n[ h ,i se5 ) m9e eyes4 ,x is n c]ta91 ?\gh probable1 f #a ,sam4 xxvi4 #e-g1 t ! ,jews _h entr5*$ camps2 if s1 ! passage w\ld be cle>] by r5d]+ 7or 7 ,i w entr5* in/ead ( encamp2 ?\gh ! s5se is suffici5tly obvi\s1 z mean+ to af=d protection aga9/ ! army1 c4 ,! h\se ( ,god1 to :i* protection is promis$1 is 8 ,temple1 figuratively d5ot+ true religion purifi$ f idolatry2 ! great spiritual adv]s>y con/antly w>r+ ) ,israel1 &1 z we le>n f ,scripture1 frequ5tly prevail+2 :i* is probably ! w>f>e "h allud$ to4 ,b if tak5 lit]ally1 ?is passage conveys ! promise t ! ,messiah's k+dom %\ld put an end to oppression & inju/ice4 ,! exact import ( ! expression1 = n[ h ,i se5 ) m9e eyes1 is n v evid5t2 b may imply ,god's =esee+ ! unfitness ( ! ,jews to receive a spiritual ,messiah2 :o1 9 consequ5ce ( _! rejection ( him1 w\ld be giv5 to ! ,g5tiles4 ,v]se #i4 3 - ,rejoice greatly1 ,daught] ( ,zion1 %\t1 oh ,daught] ( ,j]usalem1 behold ?y ,k+ come? unto !e2 he is j & hav+ salvation1 l[ly & rid+ ^u an ass1 & a colt ! foal ( an ass4 ,!re is no ambiguity 9 ! purport ( ?is v]se1 :i* is ! com+ ( ! ,messiah1 z all comm5tators all[2 b ,i c 9 no wise agree ) ,l[? & o!rs1 t ?is v]se is a rhapsodical digression f ! subject ( ! re/ ( ! *apt]1 9 :i* ! ,prophet be+ wr\ght up to ! highe/ pit* ( en?usiasm1 breaks (f f ! imm$iate object ( 8 vision to =etel ! com+ ( ! ,messiah1 & !n returns back to 8 =m] subject4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i c see no?+ l digression "h1 b "o connect$ & consi/5t object ?r\gh\t2 ?is v]se be+ ! key/one ( ! ar*1 :i* b9ds toge!r ^? :i* prec$e & ^? :i* foll[ x1 =m+ ! :ole into "o unit$ & compact body4 ,in/ead ( a digression f ! subject1 ,i reg>d ?is v]se z ! clue to guide u ?r\gh ! labyr9?1 by fix+ & det]m9+ ! subject ( all ! re/4 ,behold ?y ,k+ come? unto !e3 7or 7 is really ! future t5se1 lit]ally %all come1 & *ang+ x to ! pres5t1 come?1 seems unnecess>y1 if x does n 9 "s degree int]f]e ) ! *ronological ord] ( ! ev5ts pr$ict$ aft]w>ds4 ,j & hav+ salvation4 ,?is is c]ta9ly an ambigu\s r5d]+ ( 7or 7 ! pa/ p>ticiple ( ! v]b 7or 7 to save1 :i* lit]ally signifies be+ sav$1 & ! emphatic 7or 7 himself1 foll[+ x1 m /rongly m>ks ! s5se1 z hav+ obta9$ salvation himself4 ,rid+ on an ass1 & a colt1 ! foal ( an ass4 ,! connective &1 %\ld c]ta9ly be r5d]$ "h by ev51 or1 to wit1 & n by &1 :i* makes x appe> t ! ,messiah 0 to ride ^u two asses4 ,v]se #aa4 3 ,z = !e1 by ! blood ( ?y cov5ant1 ,i h s5t =? ?y prison]s1 f ! pit :]e9 is no wat]4 ,t ! ,messiah is apo/rophiz$ 9 ^! words1 _c1 surely1 admit ( d\bt or dispute2 & words m =cible1 or m pregnant ) mean+1 ^u ! ,*ri/ian's view ( !m1 x is n easy to conceive4 7or 7 ,i h s5t =?1 is really ! p]fect t5se1 ?\gh writt5 sev]al c5turies be=e ! com+ ( ,*ri/2 b x is n at all unusual 9 prophetic language to use ?is t5se1 :i* repres5ts z already accompli%$1 :at is det]m9$ 9 ! ,div9e purpose1 al?\gh ! fulfilm5t be /ill future4 ,! writ] is well aw>e ( a =midable objection pres5t$ by ! ,hebrew punctuation1 aga9/ ! application ( ?is v]se to ! ,messiah1 z ! pron\n 8!e0 7or 7 is by ! po9t+ made to be ( ! fem99e g5d]4 ,?is is "o ( _m in/ances 9 :i* ! punctuation t5ds to emb>rass in/ead ( elucidat+ ! subject ( ! prophecy--in/ances :i* h ma9ly contribut$ to ! det]m9ation ( ! writ] to disreg>d ! po9ts4 ,x rema9s = ^? :o reg>d !m z ( p>am\nt au?ority1 to (f] a solution ( ?is & o!r passages equally cle> & satisfactory1 & equally consi/5t ?r\gh\t4 ,if 8!e0 be meant to apo/rophise ! daught] ( ,zion1 :at blood--:at cov5ant--:at prison]s--:at pit1 are "h allud$ to8 ,^u ! view "h (f]$1 ! ev5t =e%ewn is ! dea? ( ! ,messiah1 an ev5t :olly at v>iance ) ! expectations ( ! ,jews1 b "h di/9ctly ann\nc$1 along ) ! mo/ /rik+ p>ticul>s att5dant on t ev5t2 su* z ! fru/ration ( ! hopes ( temporal advantages expect$ f 8 com+--! nature ( ! spiritual bless+s :i* x 0 really int5d$ to imp>t2 namely1 ! remission ( s9s1 & ! r$emption ( ! ,g5tile _w f idolatry4 ,along ) ^! is /at$ ! p]sonal "* ( ! ,messiah1 & ! express mann] ( 8 com+2 n 9 glory z expect$1 b 9 meekness & humility--! peaceful nature ( 8 k+dom--its b\ndless ext5t1 de/9$ to embrace all nations--yet 9 app>5t contradiction1 8 dea? is intimat$1 b also 8 resurrection :]eby he becomes 8! fir/ fruits ( !m t slept40 ,^! are all cle>ly intimat$ 9 ?is *apt]2 & ( ^!1 h[ _m h =m] comm5tators1 ) or )\t ! aid ( po9ts1 be5 able to make out8 ,at mo/1 only ?ree or f\r v]ses1 z :]e he is m5tion$ z rid+ into ,j]usalem on an ass2 & "h1 accord+ to ,blaney1 ! text requires to be alt]$1 to %ew t he 0 a ,savi\r1 7or 7 be+ sav$1 be+ alt]$ into 7or 7 a ,savi\r2 :ile1 accord+ to ,l[?1 all t "h relates to ! ,messiah is to be reg>d$ z a rhapsodical digression f ! subject ( ! context4 ,v]se #ab4 3 ,return to ! /rong hold1 ye prison]s ( hope1 ev5 today d ,i decl>e t ,i w repay y d\ble4 ,su* is ! receiv$ translation1 nor z x n[ /&s1 does ! s5se appe> at all ambigu\s1 signify+1 ,return to y\r prison-h\se until ! day ( y\r promis$ lib]ation arrives2 t is1 ! day ( ! ,messiah's com+4 ,!re c be no d\bt :o are meant by ! prison]s1 b ! *ange ( numb] 9 ! p]sonal pron\n1 f plural to s+ul>1 makes x n improbable t ! latt] "p ( ?is l9e is address$ to ! ,messiah1 :o 0 apo/rophiz$ 9 ! v]se prec$+4 ,^u ?is view ! ^w 7or 7 may be r5d]$1 my prison]s1 in/ead ( prison]s ( hope1 :i* is r obscure2 & 7or 7 z ! imp]ative hi?pael ( ! v]b 7or 7 to wait4 ,& ! s5se w !n be z giv5 9 ! text2 ,return to ! /rong hold1 my prison]s3 wait ?\ till ! day ,i decl>e t ,i w repay !e d\ble4 ,v]se #ac4 3 ,:5 ,i h b5t ,judah = me1 fill$ ! b[ ,ephraim1 & rais$ up ?y sons1 ,oh ,zion6 aga9/ ?y sons1 ,oh ,greece6 & made !e z ! sword ( a mighty man4 ,"h 7or 71 :i* signifies =1 is r5d]$ :51 ?us impos+ a future signification on ! v]bs t foll[4 ,?is has1 no d\bt1 aris5 f a suppos$ allusion to ! subsequ5t w>s ( ,judas ,maccabeus4 ,b ,ephraim1 or ! t5 tribes1 hav+ no %>e 9 ^? w>s1 militates aga9/ t supposition2 & x seems m probable t ?is v]se1 in/ead ( designat+ ! "t :5 ! promis$ bless+ w\ld be conf]r$ ^u ! ,g5tiles1 "h decl>es ! reason :y ! ,messiah c\ld n be s5t to !m directly & unconditionally2 namely1 because he 0 previ\sly promis$ to ,israel4 ,= ,i h b5t ,judah = me1 fill$ ! b[ ,ephraim2 t is1 ,i h *os5 ,israel z my p1 & appo9t$ !m my in/rum5ts = ! ov]?r[ ( paganism4 ,&1 accord+ly1 to ! h\se ( ,israel he came1 & 0 by "s ( !m receiv$2 nor until ! great body ( t p decl9$ ! (fice1 7 ! ,g5tiles call$ 9 to fill up ! ranks1 & c>ry on ! spiritual w>f>e2 a w>f>e :i* 0 !nce=w>d c>ri$ on by bo? 9 conjunction1 = ! fir/ ,*ri/ians /ill 7 ,jews1 ?\gh bl9dness came 9 "p ov] ,israel4 ,v]se #ad4 3 ,& ! ,"l %all be se5 ov] !m1 & 8 arr[ %all g =? z ! lightn+2 & ! ,"l ,god %all bl[ ! trumpet1 & %all g =? ) :irlw9ds ( ! ,s\?4 ,?is & ! foll[+ v]se evid5tly conta9 promises ( ,div9e protection1 & ( triumphant success2 b to :om ^! promises are giv5 may admit ( a "q4 7or 7 ov] !m1 may mean ! ,jews la/ spok5 (1 or ! ,g5tiles m5tion$ be=e1 or x may apply to bo?4 ,& if ! triumph ( true religion ov] ,pagan idolatry be ! victory "h spok5 (1 z ?is 0 obta9$ by bo? 9 conjunction1 dur+ ! ,apo/olic age at lea/1 s bo? mu/ be includ$ 9 ! promises4 ,nor c any con/ruction1 wor?y ( ! subject1 or adequate 9 dignity & importance1 be put ^u ! expression1 ! sons ( ,zion1 & ! sons ( ,greece1 b t :i* ref]s to ! religion ( ea*4 ,! triumph ( true religion ov] idolatry 0 "o t affect$ ! :ole _w1 includ+ e c\ntry1 & ext5d+ to e age1 & reg>d+ ! et]nal z well z temporal int]e/s ( mank9d4 ,v]se #ae4 4 ,& ! ,"l ( ho/s %all def5d !m2 & !y %all dev\r1 & subdue ) sl+ /ones2 & !y %all dr9k & make a noise z ?r\gh w9e2 & !y %all be fill$ l b[ls1 & z ! corn]s ( ! alt>4 ,to take ^! expressions 9 ! lit]al s5se1 z promis+ to man ! grosse/ ( s5sual indulg5ces1 w\ld surely be a /range miscon/ruction ( prophetic language2 7or 7 :i* is r5d]$1 & make a noise1 is n prec$$ by ! connective &2 x may1 !re=e1 be simply ! p]sonal pron\n !y1 be+ ! nom9ative to ! v]b dr9k2 !y %all dr9k z ( w9e1 c4 ,:o is int5d$ by ! pron\n !y1 if at all d\btful "h1 becomes suffici5tly cle> 9 ! next v]se1 :]e x is repeat$ 9 a mann] t leaves no ambiguity1 at lea/ z f> z conc]ns ! ,g5tiles4 ,v]se #af4 3 ,& ! ,"l _! ,god %all save !m 9 t day1 z ! flock ( 8 p1 = !y %all be z ! /ones ( a cr[n1 lift$ up z an ensign ^u 8 l&4 ,"h ! pron\n !m1 9 evid5t contradi/9ction ) 8 p1 %ews t two nations are spok5 (2 o!rwise ! passage might be r5d]$1 ! ,"l ,god1 %all save z a flock1 8 p4 ,b ! anti!sis m>k$ by ! pron\n !m1 is r5d]$ /ill m obvi\s1 if possible1 9 ! next l9e4 ,= ! wall ( sep>ation is wav+ 7or tott]+7 ov] 8 l&4 ,su* is ! lit]al mean+ ( ! ,hebrew1 :5 ! words are tak5 9 _! prim>y & ord9>y s5se4 ,?us1 7or 7 9 its usual s5se means1 /ones1 z ! /ones ( a wall2 b 9 a m remote & figurative s5se1 preci\s /ones3 7or 7 9 ! prim>y s5se1 signifies1 to sep>ate1 or1 sep>ation2 occurr+ 9 ?is s5se t5 times at lea/ 9 ,numb]s1 *4 vi42 b 9 ! second>y or m remote s5se1 a diadem1 :i* sep>ates or di/+ui%es ! pr9ce f ! p3 7or 7 9 ! prim>y s5se means to wave to & fro1 z a flag1 or z a wall be=e x is bl[n d[n by ! w9d2 b1 9 a second>y s5se x signifies1 z "s und]/& x "h1 to glitt] or sp>kle1 z a diamond1 :5 wav$ or mov$4 ,?us we see ! pa9s tak5 to avoid ! pla9 & obvi\s s5se ( ! passage2 b ! ,hebrew s*ol> w judge = himself4 ,! conclud+ v]se1 9 :i* ! prophet breaks =? into expressions ( adoration & praise = ! goodness ( ! ,"l1 well accords ) ?is view ( 8 b\nty be+ unlimit$1 & ext5d+ to all 8 creatures alike4 ,,! ,,rabbi',s ,,exposition ,,& ,,reply1 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,z ,i conclude t ! object ( ! ,*ri/ian1 :o ?9ks he sees 9 ?is ,prophecy a cle> pr$iction ( ! com+ ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 is to le>n 9 :at mann] x is exp\nd$ by ! ,jews2 x appe>s to me t ! simple/ way 9 :i* ,i c reply1 w be to lay be=e him :at ,i conceive to be ! prop] translation & int]pretation4 ,9 do+ ?is1 x w be unnecess>y to (f] any fur!r explanation or exposition1 beyond :at may be giv5 9 ! =m ( comm5t on ! translation2 :ile he is at lib]ty to conclude ) reg>d to ^? passages1 :]e no comm5t or explanation is (f]$1 n1 assur$ly1 t ,i ass5t to 8 int]pretation1 b m]ely t ,i acquiesce 9 ! reasons he assigns = my diss5t2 or t 8 anticipation ( my argum5t has r5d]$ its repetition sup]flu\s1 z is ! case 9 v]ses #i & #aj4 ,! foll[+ is my mode ( translat+ ?is *apt] & exp\nd+ x3-- ,ze*>iah1 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,v]se #a4 ,! burd5 ( ! ^w ( ! ,"l on ! l& ( ,hadra*1 & ,damascus1 8 resid5ce2 = to ! ,"l 7w be7 ! eye ( man1 & 7p>ticul>ly t7 ( all ! tribes ( ,israel4 ,?is prophecy is direct$ aga9/ a k+ nam$ ,hadra*1 & aga9/ ,damascus 8 resid5ce4 ,accord+ to "s :o h visit$ ,syria1 !re is to ?is day1 ne> ! des]t1 a village be>+ ! "n ( t k+1 ^: inhabitants ass]t t =m]ly a l>ge di/rict ab\t x1 t con/itut$ a p[]ful k+dom1 0 call$ by ! same "n4 ,= to ! ,"l1 sai? ! prophet1 w be ! eye ( man1 agreeably to :at he fur!r decl>e?1 t ! ext]m9ation ( ! wick$ w prec$e ! turn+ to ,god1 ! eyes ( ! residue ( man4 ,v]se #b4 ,& also 7on7 ,hama? :i* bord]s on h]2 7on7 ,tyre1 & 7on7 ,sidon1 ?\gh %e be v wise4 ,v]se #c4 ,& ,tyre did build h]self a /rong hold1 & heap$ up silv] z du/1 & gold z mire ( ! /reets4 ,! burd5 ( ! ,"l is also t\*+ ,hama?1 :i* 0 bord]+ on ! =m]2 also ,tyre1 & ,sidon1 :i* ?\ght h]self v wise2 yet h] wisdom avail$ h] no?+1 z 0 also =etold by ,ezekiel1 *ap4 xxvii4 v]4 #cb4 ,v]se #d4 ,behold ! ,"l w make h] poor1 & smite h] p[] 9 ! sea1 & %e %all be dev\r$ ) fire4 ,v]se #e4 ,a%kelon %all see x & fe>2 ,gaza also1 & %e %all be v sorr[ful4 ,ekron also1 = he 7,god7 has made a%am$ h] expectation3 & ! k+ %all p]i% f ,gaza3 & ,a%kelon %all n rema94 ,v]se #f4 ,& a =eign] %all dwell 9 ,a%dod1 & ,i w cut ( ! pride ( ! ,phili/9es4 ,all ! =ego+ is kn[n f hi/ory to h be5 already accompli%$1 ?r\gh ! conque/s ( ,alex&] ! ,mac$onian2 :o also de/roy$ ! fleet ( ,tyre1 & smote h] p[] on ! sea4 ,among o!rs also1 x is said1 ,ekron %all be v sorr[ful1 s9ce h] hope 0 bla/$2 ,tyre1 on :i* %e solely confid$1 be+ de/roy$4 ,v]se #g4 ,& :5 ,i %all h tak5 away 8 blood out ( 8 m\?1 & 8 abom9ations f betwe5 8 tee?2 !n ev5 he %all rema9 = our ,god1 & he %all be z a *ief 9 ,judah1 & ,ekron l ,jebusi4 ,n[ ! prophet cont9ues to pr$ict1 :at is yet to be accompli%$1 t aft] _! fil? & pollution %all h be5 tak5 away1 a remnant ( !m also w be to ,god2 ea* ( :om w n be inf]ior ev5 to a *ief 9 ,judah1 & ,ekron w be 9 a mann] z holy z ,jebusi1 :i* is ,j]usalem4 ,see ,jo%ua1 *ap4 xviii4 v]4 #bh4 ,?is1 & all t is connect$ ) x1 to ! end ( ! foll[+ *apt]1 may ref] to a remot] p]iod1 to :i* ! m9d ( ! prophet 0 sudd5ly transport$2 or ^! ev5ts may h be5 int5d$1 imm$iately aft] ! ov]?r[ ( ^! nations1 to h foll[$ "u "o ( ! pr9ces ( ,judah1 :o 0 already jo9$ by a "p ( ,ephraim2 & ! :ole ( :om w\ld h be5 ga!r$ "u 8 bann]s1 7 n ?is delay$ on acc\nt ( _! hav+ act$ contr>y to ! w ( ,god4 ,=1 t ! promises ( ,god are conditional1 & sometimes delay$1 if ^? to :om !y 7 made1 r5d] !mselves undes]v+ ( !m1 appe>s 9 _m in/ances4 ,see ,ze*4 *ap4 viii4 v]4 #ad-af4 ,j]emiah1 *ap4 xviii4 v]4 #i-aj4 ,among o!r in/ances1 may be cit$ :at took place ) our ance/ors1 :o w5t out ( ,egypt4 ,! l& ( ,canaan promis$ to ,abraham 7,g5esis1 *ap4 xv4 v]4 #af47 0 aga9 promis$ to !m1 ev5 aft] _! hav+ wor%ipp$ ! calf--,exodus1 *ap4 xxxiii4 v]4 #a4--yet1 = _! frequ5t rebellions1 0 ! fulfilm5t ( ?is promise f9ally delay$ to ano!r g5]ation4 7,numb4 *ap4 xiv4 v]4 #bc47 ,nay1 x ev5 appe>s t x w\ld h be5 retract$1 or at lea/ delay$ _m g5]ations1 b = ! int]cession ( ,moses4 7,exod4 *ap4 xxxii4 v]4 #aj47 ,&1 9 l mann]1 may ! fulfilm5t ( ^! promises1 & t ( o!rs1 :i* foll[1 respect+ ! re/oration ( ,israel1 be delay$1 9 consequ5ce ( ! wick$ness ( our p1 excit+ ! displeasure ( ! ,"l4 ,v]se #h4 ,& ,i w encamp ab\t my h\se 7to protect7 aga9/ an army1 aga9/ "o pass+ & return+1 & no oppressor %all pass ov] !m any m3 = n[ h ,i se5 x ) my eyes4 ,n[ h ,i se5 x ) m9e eyes1 means hav+ graci\sly turn$ 8 p>ticul> att5tion to !m1 z is simil>ly express$ 9 ,exod4 *ap4 ii4 v]4 #be4 ,v]4 #i4 ,rejoice greatly1 daught] ( ,zion1 %\t1 daught] ( ,j]usalem1 behold ?y ,k+ %all come unto !e j1 & he be+ sav$1 humble & rid+ ^u an ass1 ! foal ( an ass4 ,v]4 #aj4 ,& ,i w cut (f ! *>iot f ,ephraim1 & ! horse f ,j]usalem1 & ! battle b[ %all be cut (f1 & he %all speak peace unto nations2 & 8 dom9ion %all be f sea to sea1 & f ! riv] to ! end ( ! e>?4 ,v]se #aa4 ,also ?\1 by ! blood ( ?y cov5ant1 ,i h s5t away ?y prison]s out ( ! pit1 :]e9 is no wat]4 ,by ! blood ( ! cov5ant1 app>5tly1 is meant t relat$ 9 ,exod4 *ap4 xxiv4 v]4 #h4 ,a pit )\t wat] means a l& ( captivity4 ,v]se #ab4 ,return ye to ! /rong hold1 ye prison]s ( hope1 ev5 to-day 7,i7 decl>e 7,,t7 ,i w r5d] d\ble unto !e4 ,! prison]s are to return & %elt] 9 ?is /rong hold4 ,v]se #ac4 ,= ,i h b5t ,judah = me1 fill$ ! b[ ,ephraim1 & rais$ up ?y sons1 ,oh ,zion6 aga9/ ?y sons1 ,oh ,greece6 & made !e z ! sword ( a mighty man4 ,judah & ,ephraim are repres5t$ z w>like in/rum5ts 9 ! h& ( ,god1 ! sword1 & ! b[ :i* he b5ds1 & fills 8 h& )2 simil> to ! expression 9 #b ,k+s1 *ap4 ix4 v]4 #bd4 ,v]se #ad4 ,& ! ,"l %all be se5 ov] !m1 & 8 arr[ %all g =? z lightn+2 & ! ,"l ,god %all bl[ ! trumpet1 & %all g =? ) ! :irlw9ds ( ! ,s\?4 ,v]se #ae4 ,! ,"l ( ho/s %all def5d !m2 & !y %all dev\r1 & subdue ! sl+ /ones2 & noisily dr9k 7_! blood7 z w9e2 & !y %all be fill$ z a b[l1 z ! corn]s ( an alt>4 ,! prophet 9 d]ision "h comp>es _! enemies to sl+-/ones1 contra/$ ) :i* 9 v]se #af t foll[s1 ,israel is comp>$ to preci\s /ones2 & ( :om x 0 be=e said t !y 7 ! sword 9 ! h& ( ! ,"l1 to be fill$ ) ! blood ( _! rel5tless p]secutors4 ,see also ,isaiah1 *ap4 xxxiv4 v]4 #f4 ,v]se #af4 ,& ! ,"l _! ,god w save !m1 8 p z a flock1 = z ! /ones ( a cr[n %all !y be glitt]+ ^u 8 l&4 ,v]se #ag4 ,= h[ great is 8 goodness1 & h[ great is 8 beauty6 ,! "y m5 he w make z fruitful z corn1 & ! maids z w9e4 ,rem>ks ,on ,! ,rabbi's ,exposition4 ,7 ,i c&idly to express my s5tim5ts1 ,i might say1 p]haps1 t ! ,rabbi's answ] _h disappo9t$ me1 be+ nei!r s full nor s =cible z ,i expect$2 b if he1 z a ,jew1 be satisfi$1 x is n = me z a ,*ri/ian to compla94 ,!re are1 moreov]1 c]ta9 po9ts ( co9cid5ce 9 our translation1 9 :i* ! acquiesc5ce ( ! ,rabbi1 z a di/+ui%$ ,hebrew s*ol>1 is truly gratify+2 :ile !re are also "s po9ts ( disagreem5t1 9 :i* ,i am incl9$ to rel9qui% my own 9 fav\r ( ! ,rabbi's translation4 ,i propose briefly to adv]t to ea*2 b !re is "o circum/ance t fir/ des]ves to be notic$1 & :i*1 h[ev] s+ul> x may appe>1 might yet h be5 expect$4 ,x is ?is1 t :]ev] ,i h v5tur$ to diff] f ,*ri/ian comm5tators1 !re ,i am also at issue ) ! ,rabbi4 ,n[1 hav+ =m]ly /at$ t our receiv$ translation is *iefly f\nd$ on ! ,masoretic punctuation1 :i* is ,jewi%1 a co9cid5ce 0 naturally to be look$ = betwe5 ! ,jew's exposition1 & t :i* is 9 a great measure borr[$ f x4 ,& accord+ly su* is ! case1 ! ,jew's exposition diff]+ f t ( our own comm5tators1 pr9cipally on ^? po9ts :]e ! latt] discov] allusions to ,*ri/4 ,^!1 ! ,jew1 ( c\rse1 no :]e f9ds4 ,n[1 :at ! ,jew no :]e p]ceives1 & ! ,*ri/ian only "h & !re1 z x 7 incid5tally1 ,i ma9ta9 to be :olly & solely ! subject ( ^! *apt]s4 ,?is is1 at lea/1 a broad & well m>k$ l9e ( di/9ction3 b "h ,i un=tunately /& alone1 hav+ ,*ri/ian z well z ,jew oppos$ to me4 ,ev5 ! ,jew all[s t ! subject ( ! latt] "p ( ?is prophecy is ! ,messiah & 8 k+dom2 b if ,*ri/ be ! ,messiah1 z ! ,*ri/ian mu/ admit1 !n is ,*ri/ianity 8 k+dom1 & ! subject ( ! prophecy4 ,s mu* = ! /ate ( ! "q4 ,! fir/ po9t ( disagreem5t betwe5 u is unconnect$ ) ! punctuation1 & is "o ( little importance to ! "q1 beyond :at x may d]ive f ! concurr5ce ( my oppon5ts4 ,! ,rabbi & ,dr4 ,blaney agree 9 reg>d+ ,hadra* 9 ! fir/ v]se1 z ! "n ( a pr9ce1 in/ead ( a city or /ate4 ,! ,rabbi gives no au?ority = 8 op9ion1 & ,dr4 ,blaney supports 8 by ! conjecture t ,rehob1 spok5 ( 9 #b ,sam4 viii4 #c1 :o is by ,josephus nam$ or 1 may be ! pr9ce allud$ to4 ,n[ s9ce ! av[$ reason = resort+ to ?is supposition is ! want ( a city ( ?is "n1 ,i w\ld v5ture to sugge/1 t ,aradus be>s q z mu* resemblance to ,hadra* z does2 & to ,aradus 0 annex$ a consid]able di/rict ( c\ntry1 :i* 0 precisely ! fir/ conqu]$ by ,alex&]1 :5 he invad$ ,syria1 z appe>s by ! foll[+ citation f ,qu9tus ,curtius1 lib4 #d4 cap4 #a4 8,aradus quoque insula d$itur regi4 ,m>itimam tum oram1 pl]aque longius m>i resid5tia1 rex ejus insul ,/rato possidebat4 ,quo 9 fidem accepto1 ca/ra movet ad urbem ,m>a?on40 ,aradus1 l ,tyre1 0 ! daught] ( ,sidon1 z /at$ by ,/rabo2 1 1 4 ,^! !n1 are circum/ances :i* add weight to ! supposition t ,aradus may be "h int5d$2 b /ill x is no m ?an conjecture1 & z su*1 quod valet1 valeat4 ,9 ! same v]se1 ! ,rabbi's r5d]+ ( 7or 7 8 resid5ce1 mu/1 ( c\rse1 /& or fall ) ! previ\s "q1 ,:e!r ,hadra* be ! "n ( a man or a city8 ,if x be t ( a pr9ce1 ^: resid5ce 0 ,damascus1 ,i h only to obs]ve1 t no su* p]son appe>s to h resid$ !re at ! "t ! prophet wrote1 & ?is is ! only "t t c accord ) ! ,rabbi's translation4 ,) reg>d to ! la/ l9e ( ?is v]se1 :i* ! ,rabbi r5d]s ne>ly 9 ! same mann] z our comm5tators1 = to ! ,"l w be ! eye ( man1 c4 ,i c only say1 t he does n appe> to me to h ?r[n any new light ^u ! passage1 ! s5se rema9+ z vague & obscure z be=e4 ,b let ! read] judge = himself4 ,9 v]se #bnd1 ! ,rabbi agree+ ) ,l[?1 r5d]s 7or 7 z an active v]b1 8:i* bord]s on h]10 :ile ,blaney1 ) me1 makes x passive4 ,if1 by ,hadra*1 be int5d$ ! di/rict ( c\ntry ext5d+ inl& f ! t[n ( ,aradus1 ?is w\ld lead u directly to ,epiphania1 :i* 0 ! less] ,hama?2 & ?is expression might be meant to di/+ui% x f ! great] ,hama?1 ! mod]n ,antio*2 b ! ,rabbi does n acquiesce 9 ?is mean+ ( ,hadra*2 &1 ^u ! :ole1 ,i see no suffici5t reason to rel9qui% my own mode ( r5d]+4 ,9 v]se #d?1 ! ,rabbi's translation1 8,behold ! ,"l w make h] poor10 ,i c]ta9ly pref] to t ( our v]sion1 namely1 8%all ca/ h] out20 b 8 explanation ( ! rema9d] ( ?is v]se1 8& smite h] p[] 9 ! sea1 & %e %all be dev\r$ ) fire10 appe>s less satisfactory ?an t ( ,dr4 ,blaney1 :i* ,i h adopt$ f him4 ,! ,rabbi expla9s ! accompli%m5t ( ?is passage by ,alex&]'s defeat+ ! fleet ( ! ,tyrians1 & burn+ _! city2 b su* an int]pretation is h>dly borne out by hi/ory2 a few occasional skirmi%es by sea1 & a p>tial conflagration1 aft] ! city 0 tak51 be+ ! utmo/ t took place4 ,& accord+ly ?is v]se has be5 o!rwise expla9$ by ,l[?1 :o und]/&s ! 8smit+ h] p[] 9 ! sea10 z ref]r+ to ! insul> situation ( new ,tyre2 b ,dr4 ,blaney1 by a mode ( r5d]+ fully w>rant$ by ! ,hebrew text1 applies ^! words to ,sidon1 :]e !y receiv$ _! accompli%m5t 9 a mann] /rik+ly peculi>4 ,! diff]5ce ( translation consi/s 9 read+--8,= %e 7,sidon7 has built ,tyre1 a =tress = h]self10 in/ead ( 8,= ,tyre has built a =tress = h]self20 ?us apply+ ! expressions :i* foll[ to ,sidon1 in/ead ( ,tyre2 :i*1 h[ev]1 is n !reby exclud$ f a full p>ticipation 9 ! burd5 ( ! prophecy1 evid5tly d5\nc$ aga9/ bo?4 ,9 reg>d to ,sidon1 ! fulfilm5t 0 z foll[s3--,:5 besieg$ by ,artax]xes ,o*us1 "s ye>s e>li] ?an ! siege ( ,tyre by ,alex&]1 ! ,sidonians1 le/ individuals might be tempt$ to seek _! p]sonal safety by flight1 & ab&on ! def5ce ( ! city1 burn$ all _! %ipp+ 9 ! fir/ in/ance2 &1 :51 by ! c[>dly trea*]y ( _! k+1 ! enemy 0 admitt$ )9 _! walls2 !y !n set fire to _! h\ses1 & consum$ _! city1 _! families1 _! weal?1 & !mselves2 no less ?an =ty ?\s& p]i%+ 9 ! flames1 accord+ to ,diod4 ,sic43 1 1 4 ,lib4 #af4 cap4 #de4 ,9 v]se #e4 ,! fate ( ,gaza & its gov]nor1 :o 0 dragg$ r\nd ! city by ,alex&]1 9 imitation ( ,a*illes1 ?\gh notic$ by ,l[?1 is disreg>d$ by ,blaney1 = :at reason ,i "k n1 s9ce ?is seems z well intitl$ to notice z any o!r lit]al fulfilm5t ( prophecy4 ,9 v]se #g?1 ! ,rabbi's acquiesc5ce 9 ! mean+ ( ! words1 8:5 ,i h tak5 away 8 blood out ( 8 m\? & 8 pollution f betwe5 8 tee?20 z signify+1 lit]ally1 ! tak+ away ( s9 & pollution1 is highly important to ! ,*ri/ian exposition1 = x intimates ! fir/ & greate/ b5efit we d]ive f ! com+ ( ! ,messiah4 ,t ! ,rabbi does n s und]/& x1 z allud+ to ! remission ( s9s ?r\gh ,*ri/1 is n to be wond]$ at2 b x does seem s+ul> t ,l[? & ,blaney %\ld h disreg>d$ or misund]/ood s rem>kable a passage1 9 ! s5se ( :i* ev5 ! ,jew acquiesces1 ?\gh n 9 ! application4 7or 71 accord+ to ! ,rabbi1 means ,j]usalem1 t is1 8,ekron %all be z ,j]usalem40 ,n[ ! ,jebusites 7 ! orig9al inhabitants ( ,j]usalem1 x is true2 b :y ! prophet %\ld "h use ! ^w ,jebusi = ,j]usalem1 & "h only1 is r unacc\ntable1 & ,i _c b pref] ! translation ,i h giv54 ,9 v]ses #h1 #i1 #aj1 !re is no mat]ial disagreem5t betwe5 u ei!r 9 ! translation or ! int]pretation4 ,"h ,jew & ,*ri/ian agree 9 apply+ ^! v]ses to ! com+ ( ! ,messiah4 ,! only "q betwe5 u is1 :e!r ,*ri/ be ! ,messiah1 :i* ! ,rabbi1 ( c\rse1 d5ies4 ,v]se #aa4 ,9 ! words1 8,by ! blood ( ?y cov5ant10 c4 x 0 n to be expect$ t ! ,rabbi w\ld see any intimation ( a cov5ant = ! r$emption ( mank9d1 seal$ ) ! blood ( ,*ri/2 ?\gh we might h look$ = x 9 ,dr4 ,blaney4 ,! application ( ?is & ! two prec$+ v]ses to ,*ri/ianity1 0 s cle>ly p]ceiv$1 & s ably exp\nd$ by ,l[?1 t we only wond] he %\ld h conf9$ t view to ^! ?ree v]ses1 consid]+ !m z a digression1 :5 by ext5d+ ! same pr9ciple ( int]pretation to o!r p>ts ( ! prophecy1 he might h f\nd a clue to ! solution ( _m difficulties4 ,! want ( ?is clue obliges ,dr4 ,blaney to come to ! same conclusion z ! ,rabbi1 t ! rema9+ "p ( ! prophecy is /ill unaccompli%$2 a conclusion :i* ,i am compell$ mo/ /r5u\sly to oppose4 ,to ! ,jew1 ! susp5sion ( ! fulfilm5t ( ?is prophecy w\ld be almo/ equival5t to t ( all o!rs2 = ! ,messiah's k+dom is alike ! subject ( all1 & if ?is "o be unaccompli%$1 !n mu/ !y all be s4 ,to ! ,jew !n1 ,i w\ld say--,is ?is consonant ) ! previ\s ord9ations ( ,god 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 to leave an int]val ( m ?an two ?\s& ye>s1 )\t ! fulfilm5t ( prophecy1 :i* is to mank9d1 ! mo/ conv9c+ ( all pro(s ( 8 ,div9e sup]9t5dance & control ov] human affairs8 ,to ,dr4 ,blaney1 on ! o!r h&1 :o conceives t 8s9ce our ,savi\r's appe>ance on e>?1 no?+ has happ5$ to ! ,jewi% nation 9 any degree answ]able to :at is "h pr$ict$2 no return f captivity1 no victories1 no successes10 c42 to him ,i w\ld say1 :y may n 8! *ildr5 ( ! promise0 be "h includ$ z well z 8! *ildr5 ( ! fle%80 ,! fir/ ,*ri/ians 7 ,jews1 ! apo/les & disciples 7 ,jews1 :ile ! conv]t$ ,g5tiles 7 no less /yl$1 8,israelites by adoption20 & s !y are cont9ually call$ 9 prophetic language4 ,if !n ! t]ms1 8,sons ( ,zion0 & 8,israel ( ,god10 be n less applicable to ^? :o receiv$ ,*ri/ = _! ,messiah1 ?an to ^? :o reject$ him2 we _c surely say ) ,dr4 ,blaney1 t !re h be5 no return f captivity1 no victories1 no successes1 s9ce ! com+ ( ,*ri/2 = x w h>dly be ma9ta9$ t r$emption f ! bondage ( s9 is no return f captivity2 t ! triumph ( ,*ri/ianity ov] paganism is no victory1 & ! rapid propagation ( ! ,gospel no success4 ,9 v]se #ab1 8,! /rong hold10 :i* is evid5tly ! same z ! prison-h\se1 call$ 9 ! prec$+ v]se1 8! pit )\t wat]10 & :i* ! ,rabbi all[s to be a /ate ( captivity1 is "h1 some:at abruptly1 trans=m$ into a place ( %elt] & protection4 ,v]se #ae4 ,! ,rabbi's idea1 t ! prophet "h uses ! t]m 8sl+-/ones10 9 d]ision1 z an appellative = ! enemies ( ,israel1 :ile he applies to !mselves1 9 ! next v]se1 ! t]m 8preci\s /ones10 appe>s to me1 ,i mu/ ackn[l$ge1 some:at novel2 & z ,i dispute t translation ( ! next v]se altoge!r1 s ,i _c acquiesce 9 su* an explanation ( ?is4 ,) reg>d to ! r5d]+ ( 7or 7 9 ! same v]se1 :i* ,i h consid]$ z ! p]sonal pron\n1 8!y10 in/ead ( ! v]b 8to make a noise0--,i believe ! ,rabbi's1 ^u re-consid]+ ! passage1 to be ! m correct translation4 ,b ^! v]bal diff]5ces1 h[ev] !y may int]e/ ! ,hebrew s*ol>1 are ( trivial importance1 z reg>d+ ! gr& "q betwe5 u1 namely1 :e!r ! accompli%m5t ( ! pr$ictions conta9$ 9 ?is *apt]1 ceases be=e we arrive at v]se #i1 :i* is admitt$ to ann\nce ! com+ ( ! ,messiah4 ,^u ?is po9t1 !n1 ,i plead ! g5]al issue4 ,if ,i succe$ 9 %ew+ t e "p ( ! prophecy 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s1 z well z ! pres5t1 has be5 cle>ly accompli%$ 9 ! lead+ ev5ts ( ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,i ga9 my cause4 ,if ,i fail to d s1 let ! v]dict g = ! ,jew4 ,,ze*>iah ,,on ,,! ,,messiah',s ,,k+dom4 ,,int]pretation3 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,two po9ts appe>$ to be e/abli%$ 9 ! la/ *apt]2 "o1 t ! ,messiah's k+dom is ! subject ( ?is "p ( ! prophecy1 & ! o!r1 t t k+dom is a spiritual "o2 or ^! po9ts1 if n prov$1 71 at lea/1 %ewn to be 9 p]fect accordance ) e v]se1 & e l9e conta9$ 9 t *apt]4 ,t ! ,messiah's k+dom is ! subject1 appe>$ f ! express decl>ation ( ! #i? v]se1 8,behold1 ?y ,k+ come?10 c41 & f ! exact accordance ( e o!r ) ?is view4 ,! circum/ances t intimat$ ! spiritual nature ( t k+dom1 & %ew$ t ! prophecy ref]s to ,*ri/ianity1 7 ! foll[+3--! d5unciations aga9/ worldly-m9d$ness1 :]e) ! subject is prefac$ & introduc$2 ^! be+ imm$iately foll[$ by1 & contra/$ ) ! promise ( spiritual bless+s f ! ,messiah's com+2 :i* 7 decl>$ to be ! remission ( s9s1 & ! r$emption ( ! ,g5tile _w f ! d>kness ( idolatry2--next1 ! p]sonal "* ( ! ,messiah1 & ! express mann] ( 8 com+1 namely1 9 meekness & humility2--! peaceful nature ( 8 reign2--! %$d+ ( 8 blood = ! r$emption ( mank9d f ! bondage ( s92--! jo9t in/rum5tality ( ,israel 9 ! accompli%m5t ( ! great s*eme ( r$emption1 b ! admission ( ! ,g5tiles to a full p>ticipation 9 ! bless+s :i* result f x1 & ! removal ( ! p>tition wall1 m5tion$ by ,/4 ,paul1 7,ephes4 ii4 #ad17 by :i* !y _h be5 previ\sly exclud$ f !m4 ,^! are ! circum/ances t decl>e ! spirituality ( ! ,messiah's k+dom1 & ^! are cle>ly intimat$ 9 ! la/ *apt]4 ,! pres5t w be f\nd to conta9 some:at less v>iety ( incid5t1 ) m ( exhortations & promises ?an ! prec$+4 ,^! are m p>ticul>ly address$ to ! h\se ( ,judah1 b _! subsequ5t ext5sion to 8!m ( ,ephraim0 also1 is a circum/ance t calls = "s explanation1 )\t :i* x w\ld be difficult to %ew ! *ronological ord] ( ! ev5ts =etold4 ,ephraim1 or ! t5 tribes1 _h gone into captivity long be=e ! "t :5 ! prophecy 0 utt]$1 :i* 0 t ( ! build+ ( ! second temple2 nor h ^! tribes s9ce return$1 7:at is become ( !m1 or :e!r !y be n[ 9 exi/5ce1 be+ :olly unkn[n17 yet is _! return f captivity "h di/9ctly =etold4 ,:at1 !n1 are we to und]/& by ?is return1 or :o is int5d$ by 8!m ( ,ephraim10 is ! "q8 ,on ! spiritual view1 ! captivity means ! bondage ( s91 & especially ( idolatry1 into :i* ,ephraim _h fall5 by _! apo/acy2 & _! return w mean _! return to true religion1 :]eby !y obta9 ! remission ( _! s9s1 & ! gift ( et]nal life4 ,b :at is meant by 8!m ( ,ephraim08 ,are we to und]/& !reby ! orig9al t5 tribes :o revolt$ ) ,j]oboam1 & ^: desc5dants are n kn[n to be n[ 9 exi/5ce8 or ! remnant ( ^? tribes :o return$ to ,j]usalem1 7#b ,*ron4 xi4 #af17 & :o hav+ jo9$ ! tribe ( ,judah h s9ce become mix$ & id5tifi$ ) !m8 ,on ?is latt] view ! prophecy may already 9 "p h receiv$ its fulfilm5t1 z "s ( ?is remnant1 mix$ ) ! tribes ( ,judah & ,b5jam91 9 ! apo/olic age1 7 probably among ! numb] ( our ,"l's disciples1 & 7 ?us r$eem$ f ! bondage ( s91 & h already %>$ 9 ! triumphs & bless+s ( ! ,gospel4 ,on ! =m] view1 suppos+1 :at is n impossible1 t ^! tribes are /ill 9 exi/5ce1 we mu/ look *iefly to ! future1 z reg>ds !m1 = ! accompli%m5t ( ?is "p ( ! prophecy4 ,b :i*ev] view we embrace1 z to ^? :o con/itute n[ ! t5 tribes1 we mu/ /ill look to ! future1 7& ?is is ! po9t to be att5d$ to17 = ! full & p]fect fulfilm5t ( ! prophecy2 = s long z any ( ! h\se ( ,israel rema9 unr$eem$1 s long mu/ !y be reg>d$1 9 ! spiritual view1 :i* is ! view we embrace1 z /ill rema9+ 9 ! bondage ( s91 & n yet return$ f captivity4 ,?is !n is ! ess5tial po9t z reg>ds ! prophetic *ronology1 t :]e ev5ts are spok5 (1 :i*1 l ! re/oration ( ,israel1 are cont9u\s f age to age1 or de/9$ to occupy _m c5turies 9 _! fulfilm5t1 !re ! prophetic view mu/ ne$s accord ) ! nature ( ! ev5ts1 compris+ at "o glance ! comm5cem5t1 ! cont9uance1 & ! completion ( :at is =etold2 consequ5tly ^! ev5ts n be+ limit$ to p>ticul> p]iods l ! ord9>y occurr5ces ( hi/ory1 l ! fate ( a battle or ! fall ( a mon>*y1 _c be dat$ ) *ronological precision1 except x be f ! "t ( _! comm5cem5t4 ,& precisely ( ?is nature are ! ev5ts :i* =m ! subject ( ! *apt] be=e u4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 9 ord]1 z well z importance1 is ! progress ( ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/1 or ! triumph ( ,judah1 :i* began ) ! apo/olic age1 & has s9ce cont9u$ progressive1 ?\gh ) a fluctuat+ c>e]1 & unequal success1 up to ! pres5t "t1 :5 x ext5ds ov] a l>ge portion ( ! habitable _w2 b /ill )\t hav+ atta9$ to any ?+ l ! univ]sality ann\nc$ 9 prophecy4 ,?is !n is an ev5t1 :i* be+ /ill progressive1 is n limitable to a p>ticul> p]iod1 nor capable ( be+ dat$ ) precision except f its comm5cem5t4 ,next to ?is1 or to ! triumph ( ,judah1 is ! promis$ re/oration ( ,israel1 :i* _c be deem$ complete1 :ile s _m ( ! h\se ( ,israel1 disp]s$ ov] ! nations ( ,*ri/5dom1 /ill re/ _! hopes on ! cov5ant ( ! ,law2 a cov5ant :i* we z ,*ri/ians believe to h be5 annull$ at ! promulgation ( ! ,gospel2 b :i* f ! fir/ (f]$ only temporal rew>ds1 & unlike ! cov5ant ( grace1 gave no di/9ct promises ( et]nal life4 ,t ! rema9+ ,israelites w ultimately awak5 to a s5se ( ^! advantages1 we may confid5tly expect f ?is promise ( re/oration1 & f ! pr$ict$ univ]sality ( ! ,messiah's k+dom4 ,?is !n is also an ev5t yet imp]fectly accompli%$1 or /ill 9 a /ate ( progression1 & !re=e yet incapable ( be+ dat$ ) precision4 ,! abolition ( ,paganism is ano!r1 :i* ?\gh nom9ally effect$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury1 is yet s f> f be+ complete1 t ,paganism /ill prevails ov] ! l>ge/ portion ( ! globe2 & consequ5tly ?is1 l ! =m]1 is an ev5t :i* c be dat$ only f its comm5cem5t4 ,be>+ !n 9 m9d ! nature ( ^! ev5ts1 & ! impossibility ( limit+ ! date ( !m to def9ite p]iods1 we may n[ proce$ ) ! int]pretation ( ! prophecy4 ,z ! la/ *apt] op5$ ) d5unciations ( div9e wra? aga9/ worldly-m9d$ness1 :i* 7 foll[$ by1 & contra/$ ) ! unfold+ ( ! spiritual nature ( ! ,messiah's k+dom1 s ! pres5t *apt] op5s ) exhortations to seek = spiritual bless+s1 & ) ! promise ( _! abundant be/[al on ^? :o ask = !m4 ,ask ye ( ! ,"l ra9 9 ! "t ( ! latt] ra92 s ! ,"l caus+ lightn+1 %all br+ heavy %[]s1 & give to e "o grass 9 ! field4 ,?is language is metaphorical1 x is true1 & s is inv>iably t :i* is employ$ 9 describ+ ! pl5te\sness ( ! ,messiah's k+dom1 ab\nd+ 9 corn1 w9e1 & oil1 natural pl5ty signify+ abundance 9 spiritual bless+s4 ,7 any "o dispos$ to take su* expressions 9 a /rictly lit]al s5se1 he w\ld soon f9d x impossible1 =1 mo/ ( !m are mix$ metaphors1 su* z wat]s ( life1 trees ( righte\sness1 g>m5ts ( salvation1 ( :i* "p at lea/ mu/ be figurative2 & ! spiritual s5se is 9 fact ! mo/ lit]al ( any t c possibly be affix$ to !m4 ,ask ye ( ! ,"l ra91 signifies seek ! bless+s ( righte\sness1 & !y %all be freely giv5 to y4 ,:5 view$ 9 ?is light1 we %all readily p]ceive ! connection betwe5 ?is & ! next v]se1 :i* contra/s ! value ( true1 ) ! wor?lessness & deceitfulness ( false religion4 ,= ! idols h spok5 vanity1 & ! div9]s h se5 a lie2 & told false dreams2 !y com=t 9 va94 ,t is1 ! hea!n prie/s & oracles promise bless+s :i* !y h no p[] to be/[1 b delude _! vot>ies ) false hopes1 lead+ !m a/ray1 & leav+ !m to w&] z a flock )\t a %eph]d4 ,!re=e !y w5t _! way z a flock1 !y 7 tr\bl$ because !re 0 no %eph]d4 ,a religion l ,paganism1 :i* all[$ ! unre/ra9$ indulg5ce ( ! passions1 ( pride1 av>ice1 & ambition1 0 well calculat$ to s$uce2 & ! ,jews1 9 spite ( ! cont9ual exhortations ( _! prophets1 9 spite ( ! _m signal miracles display$ to !m1 & wr\ght 9 _! behalf1 _h frequ5tly relaps$ into idolatry4 ,nor c x be suppos$ t ! outw>d wor%ip ( idols 0 alone displeas+ to ,god1 & t ! indulg5ce ( ! passions1 :i* 0 ! s\l & _s ( idolatry1 0 disreg>d$4 ,! _s 0 at lea/ z likely z ! =m ( ,paganism to be (f5sive to ,heav52 & accord+ly x 0 cont9ually d5\nc$ by ! prophets1 & _h be5 frequ5tly puni%$ by signal acts ( judgm5t4 ,& 9 ?is did ! ,jewi% prie/s & rul]s /ill (f5d1 by _! av>ice & worldly-m9d$ness1 & ?us incur ! displeasure ( ,heav51 z already intimat$1 & "h repeat$4 ,m9e ang] is k9dl$ aga9/ ! %eph]ds1 & ,i w puni% ! goats4 ,! %eph]ds are ! gu>dians1 ! goats ! lead]s ( ! flock2 b ! ,jewi% %eph]ds & lead]s misl$ _! flock1 & z _! =efa!rs1 "u ,j]oboam1 _h embrac$ idolatry1 & 7 !re=e all[$ to be c>ri$ away into captivity1 s _! po/]ity1 s$uc$ by simil> passions1 reject$ ! bless+s ( ! ,gospel1 & 7 suff]$ to rema9 9 ! bondage ( s94 ,b ! h\se ( ,judah hav+ rema9$ fai?ful1 to !m 0 ! ,messiah promis$2 & giv5 to ^? :o 7 will+ to receive him4 ,b ! ,"l ( ho/s ha? visit$ 8 flock1 ! h\se ( ,judah1 & made !m z 8 goodly horse 9 battle4 ,out ( him %all come ! corn]-/one2 out ( him1 ! nail2 out ( him1 ! battle b[2 out ( him e rul] toge!r4 ,triumphant c>e] & success are h]e9 promis$ to ,judah1 b ! ,messiah's k+dom hav+ be5 already decl>$ to be a peaceful "o1 we _c suppose lit]al w>f>e to be "h int5d$4 ,! triumph ( true religion ov] ,paganism is no d\bt ! w>f>e to be und]/ood4 ,& !y %all be z mighty m5 :o tread d[n _! enemies 9 ! mire ( ! /reets 9 battle2 & !y %all fight because ! ,"l is ) !m1 & !y %all conf\nd ! rid]s on horses4 ,& :ile ?is triumph is promis$ to ,judah1 m]cy & =giv5ess are decl>$ to ,israel also1 & _! return f captivity is =etold4 ,& ,i w /r5g!n ! h\se ( ,judah1 & ,i w save ! h\se ( ,joseph1 & ,i w br+ !m aga9 to place !m1 = ,i h m]cy ^u !m1 & !y %all be z ?\gh ,i _h n ca/ !m (f2 = ,i am ! ,"l _! ,god1 & w he> !m4 ,& !y ( ,ephraim %all be l a mighty man1 & _! he>t %all rejoice z ?r\gh w9e1 yea _! *ildr5 %all see x & be glad1 _! he>t %all rejoice 9 ! ,"l4 ,! complete fulfilm5t ( ?is "p ( ! prophecy mu/ /ill be future1 :e!r we consid] x z ref]r+ to ! ,jews n[ disp]s$ ov] diff]5t c\ntries1 or to ! t5 tribes :o w5t into captivity4 ,9 mo/ c\ntries ( ,europe & probably ( ,asia also1 ! usual mode ( call to a p]son j )9 he>+ is a %rill k9d ( hiss1 :i* is ! m readily notic$ because diff]+ f all o!r s\nds4 ,?is expression is accord+ly us$ 9 ! prophecy to express ! recal ( ,israel1 :e!r spiritual or o!rwise4 ,i w hiss = !m1 & ga!r !m1 = ,i h r$eem$ !m1 & !y %all increase z !y h increas$4 ,! next v]se speaks ( s[+ !m aga9 among ! p1 :i* appe>s at fir/ z if aga9 decl>+ _! disp]sion2 b on ! spiritual view !re is no reason to suppose t su* is ! mean+4 ,s[+ !m among ! p1 on ?is view w signify ! bl5d+ toge!r ( ,jews & ,g5tiles1 by _! embrac+ "o common fai?2 :]eby !y at l5g? become "o race1 & all di/9ction is lo/ "u ! common d5om9ation ( ,*ri/ians4 ,?is also expla9s ! rapid increase ( _! numb]s "h =etold1 z well z _! return f captivity1 & _! liv+ aga94 ,! increase ( numb]s aris+ f ! accession ( conv]ts2 _! return f captivity1 signify+ r$emption f ! bondage ( s92 & _! liv+1 ! resurrection to et]nal life ?r\gh ,*ri/4 ,& ,i w s[ !m among ! p1 & !y %all rememb] me 9 f> c\ntries1 & !y %all live ) _! *ildr51 & turn aga94 ,! spirituality ( ?is return & ga!r+ becomes /ill cle>] z we proce$1 signify+ ! fl[+ toge!r ( all nations1 ,g5tiles z well z ,jews1 into ! h\se ( ! ,"l4 ,& ,i w br+ !m aga9 out ( ! l& ( ,egypt1 & ga!r !m out ( ,assyria1 & ,i w br+ !m into ! l& ( ,gilead & ,lebanon2 & place %all n be f\nd = !m4 ,?is extraord9>y increase ( numb]s1 :i* is to ov]fl[ all c\ntries1 /rongly fav\rs ! spiritual view1 = ! actual numb] ( ! ,hebrew nation is av[$ly dim9i%+1 & becom+ less & less likely to p]=m ! wond]ful *anges next intimat$4 ,! sea & ! isles 7 common expressions = ! ,g5tile nations1 7,g54 x4 #e17 :ile ! l& signifies always ! ,jews1 f ,pale/9e or ! ,holy ,l&--see note4 ,riv]s d5ote 9 prophetic language1 ! p resid+ on _! bord]s4 7,isaiah viii4 #g47 ,! riv]1 9 p>ticul>1 signifies ! ,euphrates & ! ,ea/]n nations bord]+ ^u x4 ,?is w s]ve z a key to ! mean+ ( ! next v]se1 :i* ann\nces ! subv]sion ( ,paganism 9 ^! diff]5t c\ntries4 ,?us1 afflict+ ! sea & smit+ ! waves1 d5ote its ext9ction 9 ! ,we/2 dry+ up ! dep?s ( ! riv]1 signify its ext9ction 9 ! ,ea/2 & br++ d[n ! pride ( ,assyria1 & ! dep>t+ ( ! sceptre f ,egypt bespeak its fur!r abolition4 ,& he %all cause affliction to pass ov] ! sea1 & %all smite ! waves ( ! sea3 & all ! deeps ( ! riv] %all dry up3 & ! pride ( ,assyria %all be br\ght d[n2 & ! sceptre ( ,egypt %all dep>t away4 ,surely ^! expressions ann\nce "s great] *anges ?an w\ld result f ! m]e emigration f ^! c\ntries ( a race1 poor1 afflict$1 & despis$1 z ! ,jews long h be54 ,& small inde$ is ! likelihood t ! lit]al subjugation ( all ^! c\ntries by t race1 c be "h int5d$4 ,! foll[+ v]se po9ts out a f> m probable & consi/5t solution ( ! problem1 9 ! ov]?r[ ( _! idolatry1 & ! turn+ ( all ^! nations to ! wor%ip ( ! "o true ,god4 ,& ,i w /r5g!n !m 9 ! ,"l1 & !y %all walk up & d[n 9 8 "n1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,,notes ,,to ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,v]se #a4 3 ,s ! ,"l %all make bright cl\ds1 & give !m %[]s ( ra94 ,! ,hebrew "h may be r5d]$ 7see ,l[? & ,p>khur/7 lightn+ in/ead ( bright cl\ds1 & ! connexion ) ra9 w !n be mu* m obvi\s2 especially ) heavy ra91 z ! ,hebrew ^w lit]ally signifies1 :i* usually foll[ lightn+4 ,! con/ruction w !n be z propos$ 9 ! text4 ,s ! ,"l caus+ lightn+1 %all br+ heavy ra91 c4 ,v]se #c4 3 ,m9e ang] 0 k9dl$ aga9/ ! %eph]ds1 & ,i puni%$ ! goats1 = ! ,"l1 c4 ,! app>5tly indiscrim9ate use ( ! pa/ & future t5ses1 9 scriptural & prophetic language1 has p]plex$ ! be/ ,hebrew s*ol>s4 ,on ! conv]sive p[] ( ! 1 ,granville ,%>pe's is p]haps ! be/ treatise4 ,9 ! pres5t case1 unless ! reta9 t p[] :5 disjo9$ f ! v]b1 !re is no reason = r5d]+ ! future 7or 7 z a p]fect1 or1 ,i puni%$1 in/ead ( ,i w puni%4 ,&1 z ,mr4 ,l[? obs]ves1 ! 7or 7 :i* foll[s w\ld be m prop]ly r5d]$ ,b ?an ,=1 & x w !n be--m9e ang] is k9dl$ aga9/ ! %eph]ds1 & ,i w puni% ! goats2 ,b ! ,"l ( ,ho/s1 c4 ,! %eph]ds & ! goats bo? signify lead]s ( ! flock4 ,v]se #d4 3 ,out ( him came =? ! corn]1 out ( him ! nail1 out ( him ! battle b[1 out ( him e oppressor toge!r4 ,! words corn]1 nail1 & oppressor1 mu/ be r p]plex+ to ! ,engli% read]1 nor c ! ,hebrew s*ol> be c]ta9 ( ! precise mean+ ( ea*1 ?\gh _! g5]al import is obvi\s en\gh4 ,?us 7or 7 corn]1 signifies 9 ! root to turn1 & z ! corn] /one is a guide to ! build] 9 lay+ ! o!rs1 x comes to signify a guide or lead]4 ,s 7or 71 a nail1 signifies "o on :om o!rs dep5d4 ,& 7or 71 an oppressor1 l ! ,greek 1 signifies g5]ally1 a pr9ce1 z well z a tyrant4 ,?us ^! t]ms are ea* ( !m equival5t to a *ief or lead]4 ,! v]b 7or 71 :i* foll[s1 may be ei!r pa/ or future1 b ! latt] accords be/ ) ! context1 z 9 ! propos$ translation4 ,out ( him %all come =? ! corn]-/one1 out ( him ! nail1 out ( him ! battle b[1 out ( him e lead] toge!r4 ,v]se #h4 4--,i w hiss = !m4 ,! ^w hiss1 does n to ! ,engli% read] convey ! correct mean+ "h4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ,europe1 &1 probably1 9 "s ( ,asia1 ! common made ( call is by a %rill s\nd1 v diff]5t f ei!r a hiss or a :i/le4 ,9 "s c\ntries x is effect$ by press+ ! tongue aga9/ ! tee? ) ! lips op51 & s\nd+ ! lett]s--tsz4 ,9 o!rs1 x is usual to beg9 ) ! lips compress$1 & )\t clos+ ! tee?1 ?us mak+ ! s\nd ( ! lett]s p%--b 9 bo?1 ! sibilant s\nd pr$om9ates1 & is he>d to a consid]able di/ance1 :ile its peculi>ity in/antly attracts att5tion f all t are )9 he>+2 & ?is is no d\bt ! s5se ( ! t]m1 z "h us$4 ,! ,hebrew closely resembles1 & probably gives ! etymology ( ! ,engli% ^w1 %riek4 7,see ,p>khur/47 ,v]se #aa4 3 ,& he %all pass ?r\gh ! sea ) affliction1 & %all smite ! waves ( ! sea4 ,?is mode ( r5d]+ gives a turn to ! s5se ( ! passage1 :i* is :olly uncall$ =1 if n unw>rant$ by ! orig9al3 :i* w\ld be m lit]ally translat$3 ,& affliction %all come ov] ! sea1 c4 ,b ! ,jew's mode ( r5d]+ is equally correct1 & bett] accords ) ! context1 ?us3 ,he %all cause tr\ble to pass 9 ! sea1 & %all smite ! waves ( ! sea4 ,! latt] expression amplify+ & expla9+ ! =m]4 ,:at is meant by ! expressions1 ! sea1 ! isles1 & ! l&1 is a po9t ( no small importance4 ,9 prophetic language1 ! sea & ! isles always signify ! we/]n ,g5tiles1 or ,european nations2 :ile ! l& signifies ,pale/9e1 or ! ,jewi% nation4 ,! ,hebrew ^w 7or 7 means ei!r ! sea or ! we/4 ,z ! sea ext5ds along ! :ole we/]n coa/ ( ,syria1 sea & we/ came to be us$ synonym\sly4 ,& z ! ,european nations lay beyond ! sea !y obta9$ ! "n ( ! isles1 or ! isles ( ! ,g5tiles1 z !y are call$ 9 ,g54 x4 #e4 ,mr4 ,l[? obs]ves1 on ,isa4 xi4 #aa4 8,! isl&s1 9 ! prophetic /yle1 seem p>ticul>ly to d5ote ! we/]n p>ts ( ! _w1 or ! ,european nations2 ! we/ be+ (t5 call$ ! sea 9 ! ,scripture language40 ,?us1 8caus+ affliction1 or tr\ble1 to come ov] ! sea10 & 8smit+ ! waves ( x10 signify1 z ! ,jew rightly expla9s1 to cause confusion & dismay among ! ,g5tile nations ( ! we/4 ,v]se #aa4 3 ,& all ! deeps ( ! riv] %all dry up4 ,t riv]s are meant1 9 prophetic language1 to repres5t ! p resid+ on _! bord]s1 appe>s 9 v>i\s passages4 ,see ,isa1 viii4 #g4 8,n[1 !re=e1 behold ! ,"l br+e? up ^u !m ! wat]s ( ! riv] /rong & _m1 ev5 ! k+ ( ,assyria & all 8 glory40 ,9 l mann]1 ! dry+ up ( ! ,euphrates1 is spok5 ( "u ! six? vial 9 ! ,revelations1 9 allusion to ! nations bord]+ ^u t riv]4 ,,! ,,rabbi',s ,,reply1 ,,& ,,! ,,au?or',s ,,rem>ks ,,^u ,,x4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,cont5d+1 z ! ,jew does1 t no "p ( ! prophecy relat+ to ! ,messiah's k+dom1 has yet be5 accompli%$1 he _c reasonably be expect$ to (f] a p>ticul> int]pretation ( :at1 accord+ to 8 view1 is /ill unfulfill$4 ,&1 accord+ly1 8 rem>ks on ?is *apt] are re/rict$ to an occasional correction ( ! receiv$ translation1 & a few %ort explanatory notes2 :ile 8 reply to my exposition1 if reply x c be call$1 may be compris$ 9 "o %ort s5t5ce1 namely1 t he consid]s ! :ole unaccompli%$1 & rejects altoge!r ! spiritual exposition1 admitt+ none b ! lit]al4 ,9 answ] to ?is1 ,i h to obs]ve1 t ! lit]al acceptation1 has already1 9 "s in/ances1 be5 %ewn to be impossible2 & w1 h]eaft]1 be s 9 _m m2 :ile ! figurative exposition (f]$1 is 9 p]fect accordance ) ! /yle & language ( prophecy 9 g5]al1 & is uni=m & consi/5t ?r\gh\t4 ,z ,i fully acquiesce 9 ! ,rabbi's corrections1 & 9 ! only in/ance :]e we diff]1 h adopt$ 8 view 9 pref]5ce to my own1 x is :olly unnecess>y to (f] 8 translation at l5g?2 b an objection :i* he makes to my exposition ( v]ses #crd & #d? ( ! la/ *apt]1 ,i feel call$ ^u to notice4 ,9 ^? v]ses1 ,i adopt$ ! view ( ,dr4 ,blayney1 t ! de/ruction by fire1 !re d5\nc$1 applies to ,sidon r ?an to ,tyre4 ,! common v]sion1 8,= ,tyre has built h]self a =tress10 be+ r5d]$ by him1 8,= %e 7,sidon7 has built h]self a =tress1 ,tyre20 ! ,sidonians be+ ?us made ! imm$iate object ( d5unciation1 :o are all[$ to h be5 ! build]s ( ,tyre1 :i* 0 !nce call$ ! daught] ( ,sidon4 ,n[ ! ,jew's objection is f\nd$ ^u collat]al prophecies1 9 :i* ! burd5 _c1 z "h1 be %ift$ f ,tyre to ,sidon1 ! =m] be+ di/9ctly nam$ 9 ^!2 & 9 "s1 ! precise mode ( de/ruction specifi$1 namely1 by fire3 ,?us1 9 ,amos i4 #aj1 8,i w s5d a fire ^u ! wall ( ,tyrus1 :i* %all dev\r ! palaces !re(30 see also ,isa4 xxiii41 9 :i* ! :ole burd5 is expressly on ,tyre2 & aga91 ,ezek4 xxvii4 #cb1 8& 9 _! wail+1 !y %all take up a lam5tation = !e1 & lam5t ov] !e1 say+1 ,:at city is l ,tyrus1 l ! de/roy$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! sea80 ,^!1 & simil> passages1 w\ld1 no d\bt1 be fatal to ! exposition ( ,dr4 ,blayney1 c\ld !y be %ewn to =etel "o & ! same ev5t2 b aga9/ ?is1 !re are1 :at appe> to me1 conclusive objections4 ,two ( ^! prophets n only wrote long be=e ! "t ( ,ze*>iah1 b be=e ! de/ruction ( ,old ,tyre by ,nebu*adnezz>1 :i* 0 !re=e mo/ likely to be ! object ( _! pr$ictions1 & n ,new ,tyre1 :i*1 at t "t 0 n 9 exi/5ce1 be+ built aft] ,old ,tyre 0 demoli%$2 ?is !n appe>s conclusive aga9/ ! objection drawn f :at occurs 9 ,amos & ,isaiah4 ,) reg>d to ,ezekiel1 ! case is some:at diff]5t1 & ! answ] mu/ re/ on o!r gr\nds4 ,ezekiel did write mu* ne>] to ! "t 9 "q1 & comm5tators appe> undecid$ :e!r "s ( 8 pr$ictions ref] to ! de/ruction ( ,old or ,new ,tyre1 or to bo?2 = if he utt]$ ?is prophecy be=e ! siege ( ,old ,tyre by ,nebu*adnezz>1 :i* c h>dly admit ( d\bt1 :5 he says1 *ap4 xxvi4 #g1 8,behold ,i w br+ ^u ,tyrus1 ,nebu*adnezz> k+ ( ,babylon20 /ill ! expression ( 8! de/roy$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! sea10 does seem peculi>ly applicable to ! insul> situation ( ,new ,tyre4 ,b if x be grant$ t ! siege ( ?is latt]1 by ,alex&]1 be intimat$ 9 t rem>kable expression2 yet ,ezekiel no :]e1 t ,i c f9d1 specifies fire z ! peculi> ag5t ( de/ruction2 !re=e1 x _c be inf]r$ f any ?+ he says1 t 9 ,ze*>iah's prophecy1 :i* appe>s to be direct$ aga9/ bo? ,tyre & ,sidon1 ?is p>ticul> mode ( de/ruction may n apply to ,sidon1 z ! text c]ta9ly w>rants t int]pretation4 ,?us ,i see no reason to rel9qui% ,dr4 ,blayney's view1 :i* ,i %\ld give up ) ! m reluctance1 z ,i h s r>ely be5 able to g along ) t le>n$ comm5tator2 :ile ?is exposition appe>$ to me a v happy solution ( a difficulty pres5t$ by ! receiv$ translation4 ,,ze*>iah ,,on ,,! ,,messiah',s ,,k+dom4 ,,int]pretation3 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,x 0 be=e /at$1 t we %\ld f9d 9 its prop] place1 due notice tak5 ( ! pride & worldly-m9d$ness :i* l$ ! ,jews to reject ! ,messiah1 z he (f]$ no temporal advantages2 & ( _! =feit+ !reby all claim to ! bless+s :i* 8 k+dom 0 calculat$ to af=d4 ,we are n[ come to t place4 ,! introduction to ?is *apt] ann\nces ! fru/ration ( _! hopes ( worldly greatness built ^u ! promis$ ,messiah2 & di/9ctly /ates :at portion ( _! nation w\ld be bl9d$ by su* motives1 & :at portion w\ld be exempt f !m4 ,! rul]s1 ! ri*1 & ! great are decl>$ to be ^? :o w\ld mislead ! flock2 :ile ! poor & ! humble are /at$ to be ^? :o w\ld recognise ! h& ( ,god 9 8 works1 & p]ceive t ?is 0 ! ^w ( ! ,"l4 ,at ! "t ( ,*ri/'s com+1 x is unque/ionable1 t a v g5]al expectation prevail$ among ! ,jews1 t ! p]iod = _! ,messiah's appe>ance 0 arriv$2 b s remote 0 ! "* ( ,jesus f :at !y expect$ 9 _! pr9ce1 & s diff]5t 7 ! advantages he (f]$ f :at !y _h hop$ to obta91 t ! majority ( ! p will+ly yield$ to ! p]suasion ( _! int]e/$ rul]s1 t he 0 n ! promis$ ,messiah2 & ?us ! misguid$ flock = ! mo/ "p ent]$ into ! views ( _! prie/s & rul]s1 & reject$ ,*ri/4 ,! motives = ?is rejection are manife/ ev5 to ?is day1 9 ! backw>dness ( ,israel to rel9qui% ! hopes ( a temporal ,messiah1 & 9 _! bl9dness to ! b5efits (f]$ !m by a spiritual "o2 al?\gh ! consequ5ce has hi!rto be5 to !m ! loss ( ev5 ! temporal advantages !y previ\sly enjoy$1 in/ead ( ! atta9m5t ( o!rs :i* !y expect$4 ,small1 h[ev]1 9 ! ,*ri/ian's e/imation1 are ^!1 9 comp>ison ) _! loss1 9 a spiritual po9t ( view1 or _! loss ( ! especial fav\r ( ,heav52 :i* f t "t has n only )held f !m any fur!r revelations1 b1 z we conceive1 has ev5 bl9d$ !m to ! true spiritual import ( ^? previ\sly v\*saf$4 ,?us1 9 :atev] light we view x1 :e!r spiritually or politically1 ! humiliation ( ,israel f t "t to ! pres5t1 has be5 abundantly manife/2 z decl>$ 9 ! prophecy1 "u ! metaphor ( ! fall ( ! l(tie/ trees1 ! pride ( ! =e/4 ,op5 ?y doors1 ,o ,lebanon6 t ! fire may dev\r ?y c$>s4 ,h[l1 fir-tree1 = ! c$> is fall51 because ! mighty is spoil$4 ,h[l1 ,o ye oaks ( ,ba%an1 = ! =e/ ( ! v9tage is come d[n4 ,!re is a voice ( ! h[l+ ( ! %eph]ds1 = _! glory is spoil$4 ,a voice ( ! ro>+ ( "y lions1 = ! pride ( ,jordan is spoil$4 ,?is language is highly figurative1 no d\bt2 yet is x int]sp]s$ ) expressions1 :i* almo/ preclude ! possibility ( its misapplication2 = ! c$>s ( ,lebanon1 & ! oaks ( ,ba%an1 are next1 by a *ange ( metaphor1 call$1 ! %eph]ds ( ! flock2 & soon aft]1 dropp+ ! metaphor entirely1 x appe>s t !y are ! ri* & ! great1 :o sacrifice _! flock to av>ice & ambition4 ,_! hopes1 h[ev]1 7 fru/rat$1 9 ! appe>ance ( a spiritual1 in/ead ( a temporal pr9ce1 & an exultation ov] _! disappo9t$ ambition =ms ! exordium to ?is *apt]1 :i* may be expla9$ z foll[s3-- ,lit]ally1 ! %eph]ds are suppos$ to h[l = ! loss ( _! ri* pa/ures on m\nt ,c>mel1 ! =e/ ( ! v9tage2 & ! lions to ro> = ! loss ( _! cov]t1 ! ?ickets on ! banks ( ,jordan1 ! pride ( ! riv]1 :i*1 ) o!r trees1 are doom$ to de/ruction2 b ! figurative mean+ is1 t ! prie/s & rul]s ( ,israel %\ld be disappo9t$ ( _! hopes ( worldly greatness at ! ,messiah's com+1 & be depriv$1 "u ! new disp5sation1 ( _! p[] & influ5ce4 ,! lam5tation ov] _! fru/rat$ hopes1 is next c\pl$ ) expressions ( compassion = _! misguid$ flock1 :om !y _h doom$ to ! slaught]2 t is1 by depriv+ !m ( ! life :i* is 9 ,*ri/4 ,?is flock1 ! prophet is comm&$ to fe$4 ,?us sai? ! ,"l my ,god4 ,fe$ ! flock ( ! slaught]1 ^: possessors slay !m1 & hold !mselves n guilty4 ,& !y t sell !m say1 ,bless$ be ! ,"l = ,i am ri*4 ,& _! own %eph]ds pity !m n4 ,av>ice is ?us =e%ewn to be ! vice :i* w\ld lead ! prie/s to reject ,*ri/2 ! s5d+ ( :om is next decl>$ to be ! la/ act ( ,div9e int]position 9 behalf ( ,israel2 ^? :o reject him be+ !nce=w>d left to !mselves4 ,= ,i w no m pity ! inhabitants ( ! l&1 sai? ! ,"l1 b1 lo6 ,i w deliv] ! m5 e "o into 8 neighb\r's h&1 & into ! h& ( 8 %eph]d1 & !y %all smite ! l&1 & out ( _! h& ,i w n deliv] !m4 ,b :ile fur!r int]position is ?us d5i$ to ^? :o reject ,*ri/1 be+ ! ri* & ! great2 spiritual food is expressly promis$ to ^? :o receive him1 :o 7 ! poor & ! meek4 ,b ,i w fe$ ! flock ( ! slaught]1 ev5 y1 ,o poor ( ! flock4 ,! food "h promis$ to ^? :o are will+ to receive x1 _c be any o!r ?an spiritual food2 t is1 ! k to disc]n tru? f falsehood1 & ! grace to make a prop] election betwe5 "r & wrong4 ,to ! poor1 ?is 0 giv51 ( :om ,*ri/ decl>$ t 8,!irs 0 ! k+dom ( ,heav530 to ! ri* x 0 n giv51 ( :om he decl>$1 8,t x 0 easi] = a camel to pass ?r\gh ! eye ( a ne$le10 ?an = !m to ent] 8 k+dom4 ,we n[ come to ! ev5ts to :i* ?is introductory matt] is int5d$ to lead u2 & to r5d] ! prophetic annunciation ! m impressive1 x is typically repres5t$ by actions1 z well z express$ by words4 ,?is is ! mo/ important "p ( ! prophecy2 t on :i* x may be said t ! :ole int]pretation h+es4 ,& yet x is "h t ! ,*ri/ian is at fault1 & t ! ,jew expects a c]ta9 triumph3 nor )\t reason1 :5 our able/ comm5tators disagree1 or ev5 ackn[l$ge ! difficulties to be insurm\ntable4 ,:e!r !y are remov$ by ! propos$ exposition1 ! read] mu/ decide2 & to enable him to d s1 we %all /ate !m z briefly z possible4 ,! ev5ts allud$ to w1 ) ! ,*ri/ian1 sc>cely admit ( d\bt1 = ! passage be=e u is cit$ 9 ! ,gospel ( ,mat!w1 ?\gh by "s error1 x is !re ascrib$ to ,j]emiah in/ead ( ,ze*>iah4 ,b 7 ! citation 9 "q ev5 suppos$ to be a m>g9al note1 :i* _h f\nd its way into ! text 9 transcrib+1 /ill ! purport ( ! prophecy w\ld be n ! less manife/1 = ! connection ( ?is ) ! context1 & ! unity ( ! :ole1 suffici5tly decl>e ! subject4 ,! ev5ts =e%ewn1 are ! dea? ( ,*ri/2 ! dissolution ( ! old1 & ! f\nd+ ( ! new cov5ant2 ! rejection ( ?is latt] by ! great body ( ! ,jewi% nation1 & _! imm$iate =feiture ( ! b5efits x af=ds2 ) o!r circum/ances att5d+ ^! ev5ts1 su* z ! betrayal ( ,*ri/ = ?irty pieces ( silv]2 ! employm5t ( ?is money 9 ! pur*ase ( ! pott]'s field2 ! sep>ation ( ! ,jews1 :o reject$ ,*ri/1 f ^? :o receiv$ him2 & ! evils entail$ ^u ^? :o1 hav+ reject$ ! true1 foll[$ aft] false ,messiahs4 ,^! are ! circum/ances %ad[$ =? 9 ! prophecy2 b to give a consi/5t explanation ( e "p ( x1 & to %ew ! exact adaptation ( ! ev5ts to ! pr$iction1 con/itute ! difficulty4 ,! typical actions ( ! prophet1 consi/ 9 8 tak+ two /aves1 or crooks2 fir/ affix+ to ea* ( !m a significant d5om9ation1 & !n break+ !m 9 succession2 accompany+ ?is action ) explanations1 decl>atory ( ! purport ( 8 do+ s4 ,yet is ! :ole highly my/ical1 & 9 p>ts s obscure1 t ,dr4 ,blayney ackn[l$ges he _c solve ^! difficulties2 an av[al t w\ld h be5 r5d]$ unnecess>y1 _h 8 pr$ecessor ,l[? be5 m successful4 ,_! failure seems *iefly to h aris5 f _! misconceiv+1 9 ! fir/ place1 :om ! prophet "h p]sonates 9 ! "* ( ! %eph]d2 &1 9 ! next1 :at ! /aves are int5d$ to repres5t2 = ! g5]al purport ( ! :ole1 is rightly und]/ood by bo? to be an allusion to ! dea? ( ,*ri/1 & ! completion ( 8 mission4 ,accord+ly1 ,l[? supposes ! %eph]d to p]sonate ! ,messiah1 z ! %eph]d ( 8 flock4 ,b ! ,messiah is ?r\gh\t ! p]son spok5 (1 r ?an ! speak]1 z w pres5tly appe>4 ,blayney also consid]s ! prophet z a type ( ! ,messiah2 b supposes him sometimes to speak 9 8 own "n1 z be+ himself ! %eph]d4 ,n to dwell on ! want ( consi/5cy 9 ?is *ange ( "*1 its av[$ inadequacy to furni% ! solution requir$1 is alone a suffici5t refutation ( x4 ,t ! prophet is ! actual speak] is cle>1 b he speaks 9 ! "n ( ! ,almighty1 z is di/9ctly decl>$ ?ree times at lea/ 9 ! pres5t *apt]4 ,! great ,%eph]d is !n no o!r ?an ,god himself2 & all mank9d are 8 flock4 ,:o are ! /aves1 or crooks1 we h next to inquire4 ,! /aff1 or crook1 is ! %eph]d's implem5t1 ) :i* he t5ds 8 flock1 protect+ !m on ! "o h&1 or correct+ !m on ! o!r4 ,h5ce ! two names adapt$ to ! two-fold (fice1 :i* might be r5d]$ ,pleasure & ,pa91 in/ead ( ,beauty & ,b&s2 b !re is no occasion to alt] ! translation1 :i* is equally lit]al1 & equally appropriate z x /&s4 ,x is1 p]haps1 wor?y ( note1 t two /aves 7 once 9 use = ^! diff]5t purposes4 ,:at are ^! /aves !n int5d$ to repres5t8 ,9 a ^w1 ,god be+ ! ,%eph]d1 & all mank9d 8 flock1 ! /aves appe> to be typical ( ,*ri/ & ,israel2 ^! be+ ! ag5ts employ$1 ! great in/rum5ts 9 ! h&s ( ,god1 9 accompli%+ ! "w ( man's r$emption1 f ! d>kness ( idolatry to ! light ( true religion4 ,"o /aff be+ ,israel1 ) :om 0 f\nd$ ! ,old ,cov5ant1 ! express object ( :i* 0 ! abolition ( idolatry2 a cov5ant :i* is cont9ually call$ ! 8bondage ( ! law20 & ! o!r /aff1 ,*ri/1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,new ,cov5ant1 call$ 8! beauty ( hol9ess0 :o decl>$ t 8 yoke 0 easy1 or pleasant2 ?us ! "n w be equally appropriate1 :i*ev] translation is adopt$4 ,& ,i took unto me two /aves1 ! "o ,i call$ ,beauty1 & ! o!r ,i call$ ,b&s1 & ,i f$ ! flock4 ,! p>allelism betwe5 ^! two /aves /rik+ly appe>s 9 ! circum/ance t ! mo/ rem>kable prophecies1 z ! liiid4 *apt] ( ,isaiah1 :i* ! ,*ri/ian conceives to be exactly fulfill$ 9 ! p]son & "* ( ,*ri/1 ! ,jew imag9es to accord z p]fectly ) ! circum/ances & condition ( ! h\se ( ,israel4 ,may we n suppose !m to be design$ly applicable to bo?8 in/rum5tal alike to ! same great purpose1 man's r$emption f idolatry4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ acts ( ,*ri/1 :o1 h[ev]1 did e ?+ 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 0 8 expos+ ! unfitness ( ! ,jewi% lead]s1 :o 7 ! prie/s1 ! scribes1 & ! eld]s1 to be ! spiritual guides ( ! flock4 ,_! selfi%ness & hypocrisy he unsp>+ly d5\nc$1 z r5d]+ !m unfit = su* an (fice2 ( :i* !y 7 consequ5tly depriv$ "u ! new disp5sation4 ,su* appe>s to be ! purport ( ! foll[+ v]se1 z ably exp\nd$ by ,l[?4 ,?ree %eph]ds also ,i cut (f 9 "o mon?1 & my s\l loa!d !m1 & _! s\l also abhorr$ me4 ,"o mon?1 is an indef9ite expression = a %ort "t1 z if ! prophet _h said1 at once4 ,:5 ! p _h be5 duly w>n$ aga9/ ^! trea*]\s guides2 ^? :o *ose to disreg>d t w>n+1 _h no reason to compla91 if x pleas$ ,heav5 to leave !m to _! fate1 z is next decl>$4 ,!n said ,i1 ,i w n fe$ y2 t t die?1 let x die1 & t t is to be cut (f1 let x be cut (f2 & let ! re/ eat e "o ! fle% ( ano!r4 ,! prophet next =e%ews1 by typical actions1 accompani$ by explanations decl>atory ( _! purport1 ! dea? ( ,*ri/1 & ! dissolution ( ! ,old ,cov5ant4 ,& ,i took my /aff1 ev5 ,beauty1 & cut x asund]2 t ,i might break my ,cov5ant1 :i* ,i made ) all ! p4 ,! ,cov5ant ) ,moses promis$ protection aga9/ all nations1 :ile ,israel rema9$ ob$i5t4 ,israel disobey$ & ! ,cov5ant 0 brok54 ,! ,cov5ant ) ,abraham promis$ bless+ to all nations ?r\gh 8 se$4 ,! ,gospel ( ,*ri/ 0 t bless+2 refus$ by ! ,jews1 & consequ5tly giv5 to ! ,g5tiles2 = a remnant only ( ,israel receiv$ ! ,gospel1 & ^? 7 ! poor ( ! flock4 ,& x 0 brok5 9 t day1 & s ! poor ( ! flock t wait$ ^u me1 knew t x 0 ! ^w ( ! ,"l4 8,! poor _h ! ,gospel prea*$ unto !m10 & receiv$ x ) gratitude2 b ! +ratitude ( _! lead]s t[>ds ! ,great ,%eph]d1 = ! c>e he _h s long tak5 ( !m2 & ! small e/imation 9 :i* !y held a spiritual ,messiah1 are aptly =e%ewn by ! prophet1 9 ! "n ( ! ,great ,%eph]d1 claim+ 8 rew>d at _! h&s1 & _! (f]+ ! precise sum :i* 0 giv5 = ,*ri/1 ?irty pieces ( silv]4 ,& ,i said1 ,if ye ?9k good give me my wages1 & if n1 =be>2 s !y weigh$ me = my rew>d1 ?irty pieces ( silv]4 ,! way 9 :i* ?is money 0 actually be/[$1 is next =e%ewn1 by ! ,%eph]d's reject+ x scornfully1 & desir+ x may be giv5 to ! pott]4 ,& ! ,"l said unto me1 ca/ x to ! pott]2 a goodly price t ,i 0 valu$ at by !m3 s ,i took ! ?irty pieces ( silv]1 & ca/ !m to ! pott] 9 ! h\se ( ! ,"l4 ,! price !y actually gave = ,*ri/1 aptly d5otes ! value !y put ^u ,god's goodness 9 s5d+ him1 ! ,great ,%eph]d's pr(f]$ remun]ation4 ,! h\se ( ! ,"l1 or ! temple1 is ! suppos$ sc5e ( action1 %ew+ ! spiritual import ( ! transaction4 ,! money be+ giv5 to ! pott]1 =e%ews h[ x w\ld be actually employ$1 to wit1 9 ! pur*ase ( ! pott]'s field2 9 fact1 x 0 giv5 to ! pott]4 ,if x be ask$ :at ! pott] _h to d 9 ! temple8 ! answ] is1 he w5t !re1 z o!rs did1 to pray4 ,8 be+ !re does n1 z "s suppose1 imply t he 0 at "w !re4 ,^? :o reject$ & crucifi$ ,*ri/1 are !nce=w>d reject$ f be+ ,god's *os5 p4 ,z ,*ri/ 0 cut (f f natural life1 s ,israel 0 cut (f f ! life 9 ,*ri/ z next intimat$4 ,!n ,i cut asund] my o!r /aff1 ev5 ,b&s1 t ,i might break ! bro!rhood betwe5 ,judah & ,israel4 ,! h\se ( ,jacob 0 f ?is "t divid$ into ,*ri/ians & ,jews1 :o appe> to be di/+ui%$ 9 ! prophecy "u ! types ( ,judah & ,israel2 ! =m] d5ot+ ^? :o receiv$1 & ! latt] ^? :o reject$ ,*ri/4 ,?is di/9ction appe>s to be ma9ta9$ till _! promis$ re-union 9 ! ,new ,j]usalem4 ,! spiritual evils entail$ on ^? :o reject ! true ,messiah1 to foll[ aft] false tea*]s1 are next =e%ewn4 ,& ! ,"l said unto me1 ,take unto !e yet ! in/rum5ts ( a fooli% %eph]d1 = ,i w raise up a ,%eph]d 9 ! l&1 :i* %all n visit ^? t be cut (1 nei!r %all seek ! "y1 nor heal t t is brok51 nor fe$ t t /&e? /ill1 b he %all eat ! fle% ( ! fat1 & te> _! ho(s asund]4 ,israel is ?us left to ! m]cy ( ^! false %eph]ds1 :ile spiritual bl9dness1 infatuation1 & utt] helplessness1 are ! awful judgm5ts d5\nc$ aga9/ ! selfi% & worldly-m9d$ prie/hood1 :o ?us mislead & sacrifice _! flock4 ,woe to ! idol %eph]d1 t leave? ! flock6 ! sword %all be ^u 8 arm1 & ^u 8 "r eye2 8 arm %all be clean dri$ up1 & 8 "r eye %all be utt]ly d>k5$4 ,! spiritual bl9dness :i* has s9ce d>k5$ ! m5tal vision ( ,israel1 appe>s to ! ,*ri/ian to be "h di/9ctly =etold4 ,,notes ,,to ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,v]4 #a4 --,op5 ?y doors1 ,o ,lebanon1 c4 ,t ,jewi% writ]s h und]/ood 8! =e/10 z metaphorically repres5t+ ,j]usalem ) h] /ately build+s1 & 8,lebanon10 z ! temple itself1 appe>s f ! foll[+ note ( ,mr4 ,l[?1 on ?is passage4 8,by ,lebanon1 mo/ int]pret]s und]/& ! temple1 ^: /ately build+s resemble ! tall c$>s ( t =e/4 ,?us ! ^w is commonly und]/ood10 ,hab4 ii4 #ag4 ,!re is a rem>kable /ory m5tion$ 9 ! ,jewi% writ]s to ?is purpose4 ,"s "t be=e ! de/ruction ( ! temple1 ! doors ( x op5$ ( _! own accord2 a circum/ance m5tion$ by ,josephus1 ,bell4 ,jud4 #a4 #g4 c4 #ab4 ,!n ,r4 ,johanan1 a disciple ( ,r4 ,hillel1 direct+ 8 spee* to ! temple said1 ,i "k ?y de/ruction is at h&1 accord+ to ! prophecy ( ,ze*>iah1 ,op5 ?y doors1 ,o ,lebanon1 c4 ,! passage 9 ,josephus 9 my edition is1 lib4 #f1 cap4 #e1 & a v rem>kable "o x is1 conta9+ _m o!r port5ts prec$+ ! de/ruction ( ! temple1 besides ! spontane\s op5+ ( ^! massive doors1 :i* 7 s pond]\s z to require tw5ty m5 to op5 & %ut !m4 ,v]4 #b4 --,= ! =e/ ( ! v9tage is come d[n4 ,by ! =e/ ( ! v9tage1 is und]/ood ,m\nt ,c>mel1 :i* 0 p>tly cov]$ ) v9ey>ds & ri* pa/ures1 = ! loss ( :i* ! %eph]ds are said to h[l1 9 ! foll[+ v]se4 ,! %eph]ds metaphorically designate ! lead]s ( ! p2 ! diff]5t trees ( ! =e/ d5ot+ ! diff]5t classes & ord]s ( m54 ,v]4 #c4 --,= ! pride ( ,jordan is spoil$4 ,by ! pride ( ,jordan is to be und]/ood1 z ,dr4 ,blayney obs]ves1 ! woods & ?ickets on ! banks ( t riv]4 ,^! s]v$ z cov]t = lions1 :i* (t5 infe/$ ! c\ntry :5 driv5 f !m by ! ris+ ( ! riv]4 ,^! trees be+ along ) o!rs doom$ to de/ruction1 ! lions ro> = ! loss ( _! %elt]1 z ! %eph]ds h[l = ! loss ( _! ri* pa/ures4 ,! lions d5ote metaphorically ! great & p[]ful among ! p4 ,_! disposition to prey ^u & dev\r ! flock1 well accords ) ! "* aft]w>ds giv5 to ! %eph]ds also1 & %ews ! consi/5cy ( ! metaphorical language4 ,v]4 #f4 --,= ,i w no m pity ! inhabitants ( ! l&1 c4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ! sea & ! l&1 has be5 already po9t$ out 9 ! note to v]4 #aa1 ( ! la/ *apt]1 & is "h too manife/ to admit ( d\bt4 ,lebanon1 ,ba%an1 ,c>mel1 & ,jordan1 cle>ly %ew :at l& is "h spok5 (1 :i* c be no o!r ?an ,pale/9e4 ,v]4 #aj4 --,t ,i might break my cov5ant1 c4 ,x might be suppos$ "h t ! two /aves 7 typical ( ! two cov5ants2 ! ,old & ! ,new4 ,b h[ is ! p>allelism !n to be support$8 ,if ! break+ ( "o /aff d5otes ! dissolv+ ( ! ,old ,cov5ant2 :at !n is d5ot$ by ! break+ ( ! o!r /aff8 = ! ,new ,cov5ant 0 n also dissolv$4 ,by ! propos$ solution1 ! p>allelism is ma9ta9$2 ,*ri/ & ,israel s exactly accord1 t ! prophecies seem1 9 _m po9ts1 alike applicable to ei!r4 ,bo? 7 in/rum5tal to ! great "w ( r$eem+ mank9d f idolatry1 & bo? 7 cut (2 ,*ri/ f natural life2 ,israel f ! life :i* is 9 ,*ri/4 ,to und]/& cle>ly ! cutt+ ( ! /aves1 ! mo/ intricate subject p]haps 9 ! :ole prophecy1 ! read] has to keep 9 view two di/9ct po9ts ( consid]ation1 ! conf\nd+ ( :i* w involve him 9 no little p]plexity2 ^! are1 fir/ ! symbolical mean+1 or ! ev5t =e%ewn by ! act ( cutt+2 & secondly1 ! end or purport ( ! cutt+2 = along ) ! act1 ! prophet also decl>es ! motive = ! act1 :i* mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ! act itself1 be+ ! effect or consequ5ce t foll[$ t act4 ,?us he says--,& ,i took my /aff ,beauty & cut x asund]1 t ,i might break my cov5ant1 :i* ,i _h made ) all ! p4 ,n[ ! cutt+ ( ! fir/ /aff1 ,beauty1 signifies or =e%ews ! dea? ( ,*ri/1 or ! cutt+ (f ( ! ,messiah4 ,?is is ! symbolical mean+ ( ! act4 ,b ! end or consequ5ce ( t act1 0 ! cessation ( ! cov5ant ( protection to ,israel4 8,! cov5ant10 z x may be r5d]$1 8conc]n+ all ! p40 ,f t "t1 ! ,jews ceas$ to be "u ! especial c>e & protection ( ,heav52 no m int]positions 7 manife/$ 9 _! behalf2 no prophet f t "t appe>$ 9 ,israel2 ^! bless+s be+ conf9$ to ! ,jews :o receiv$ ,*ri/1 or transf]r$ to ! ,g5tiles4 ,next foll[s ! cutt+ asund] ( ! second /aff1 ,b&s2 & ?is 9 fact appe>s to be precisely ! end or consequ5ce ( ! cutt+ ( ! fir/ /aff2 = ! cutt+ ( ?is /aff symbolically =e%ews ! rejection ( ,israel1 or ! cessation ( ! ,cov5ant ( protection4 ,su* appe>s to be ! ev5t symboliz$ by cutt+ ! /aff1 ,b&s4 ,b ! effect or consequ5ce ( t ev5t1 or ( ! rejection ( ,israel1 0 z decl>$ 9 ! prophecy1 a brea* 9 ! bro!rhood1 betwe5 ,judah & ,israel1 or betwe5 ! ,jews :o receiv$ & ^? :o reject$ ,*ri/2 9 %ort1 betwe5 ,*ri/ian & ,jew1 :o are "h suppos$ to be symbolis$ by ,judah & ,israel4 ,?is division or brea* 0 n ! ev5t =e%ewn by ! cutt+ ( ! /aff1 b ! end or consequ5ce ( t act2 & ?is di/9ction requires to be kept cle>ly 9 view4 ,x seems immat]ial :e!r ! symbolical mean+ ( cutt+ asund] ! second /aff1 ,b&s1 be express$ by ! rejection ( ,israel1 ! break+ ( ! cov5ant ( protection1 or ! abrogation ( ! law ( ,moses2 = all ^! ev5ts are s closely connect$1 or s ne>ly id5tical1 z sc>cely to admit ( _! be+ disjo9$ or di/+ui%$4 ,v]4 #ab4 --,give me my price4 ,f ! failure ( =m] comm5tators1 9 %ew+ h[ ?is c apply to ! betrayal ( ,*ri/1 :5 ! ^w 7or 7 is r5d]$1 z x %\ld be1 wages or rew>d1 in/ead ( price1 ! ,jew seems to h be5 s confid5t ( victory on ?is po9t1 t on ref]r+ to 8 exposition :i* foll[s1 x w appe> t he mu/ h writt5 x )\t hav+ read m9e1 to :i* x is any ?+ b an answ]1 z ,i h exp\nd$ ! passage precisely ^u 8 own mode ( r5d]+4 ,! correctness ( ?is translation 0 acquiesc$ 9 by ,dr4 ,blaney1 :o admitt$ ! difficulty x involv$1 & c&idly ackn[l$g$ 8 inability to solve x2 nor :ile ,*ri/ is consid]$ ! speak]1 z he & ,l[? suppose1 does ! removal ( x appe> practicable4 ,b :5 ,god himself is und]/ood to be ! ,%eph]d1 & ,*ri/1 ! /aff ,beauty1 x appe>s no long] insurm\ntable4 ,v]4 #ac4 3 ,& ,i took ! ?irty pieces ( silv] & ca/ !m to ! pott] 9 ! h\se ( ! ,"l4 ,! ^w 7or 71 is by ! ,jew *ang$ into 7or 7 ! alt]ation ( a lett] be+ all t is requir$ to sub/itute ! treasury1 9 ! room ( ! pott]4 ,b he _c d5y1 t ! ^w means pott] 9 ! orig9al1 & ! ,*ri/ian w f9d no occasion to alt] x1 to make s5se ( ! passage4 ,! objection1 t ! pott] c\ld n be at "w 9 ! temple1 :i* 0 urg$ by ! ,jew1 has be5 answ]$ 9 ! exposition4 ,v]4 #ag4 --,woe to ! idol %eph]d4 ,! idol might be r5d]$1 z ,mr4 ,l[? obs]ves1 wor?less1 or ( no value1 z x is1 ,job xiii4 #d1 & s ! ,jew r5d]s x4 ,?\gh a %eph]d1 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 is "h spok5 (1 yet a succession ( su* %eph]ds is cle>ly to be und]/ood2 & x is probable t ! *iefs & rul]s ( ,israel are int5d$ "h1 z well z ! false ,messiahs :o h f "t to "t aris51 & p>tially misl$ ! p1 be+ alike false guides1 :o h contribut$ to ! de/ruction ( ! flock4 ,a hi/ory ( ! false ,messiahs1 am\nt+ to n less ?an tw5ty1 :o h at diff]5t times made _! appe>ance2 ) an acc\nt ( ! numb]s & de/ruction ( _! infatuat$ foll[]s1 be+ too long = ins]tion "h1 may be f\nd by ! read] 9 ,dr4 ,jort9's ,rem>ks on ,eccles4 ,hi/42 pres5t+ a lam5table picture ( ! bl9dness & infatuation ( ?is wret*$ p4 ,,! ,,rabbi',s ,,translation4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 #a4 ,op5 ?y doors1 ,o ,lebanon1 t ! fire may dev\r ?y c$>s4 #b4 ,h[l1 fir tree2 = ! c$> is fall52 because ! mighty are spoil$2 h[l1 ye oaks ( ,ba%an2 = ! =e/ ( ! v9tage is come d[n4 #c4 ,!re is a voice ( ! h[l+ ( ! %eph]ds1 = _! glory is spoil$2 a voice ( ! ro>+ ( "y lions2 = ! pride ( ,jordan is spoil$4 #d4 ,?us sai? ! ,"l my ,god1 ,fe$ ! flock ( ! slaught]4 #e4 ,^: possessors slay !m1 & hold !mselves n guilty1 & !y t sell !m1 say1 ,bless$ be ! ,"l2 = ,i am ri*2 & _! own %eph]ds pity !m n4 #f4 ,= ,i w no m pity ! inhabitants ( ! l&1 sai? ! ,"l2 b1 lo6 ,i w deliv] ! m51 e "o into 8 neighb\r's h&1 & into ! h& ( 8 k+1 & !y %all smite ! l&1 & out ( _! h& ,i w n deliv] !m4 #g4 ,yea1 ,i f$ ! flock ( ! slaught]1 truly an afflict$ flock x 01 & ,i took unto me two /aves2 ! "o ,i call$ ,pleasant1 & ! o!r ,i call$ ,pa9ful1 & ,i f$ ! flock4 #h4 ,& :5 ,i _h cut (f ?ree %eph]ds 9 "o mon?2 !n my s\l loa!d !m1 & _! s\ls also abhorr$ me4 #i4 ,!n said ,i1 ,i w n fe$ y2 t t die?1 let x die2 & t t is miss$1 let x be miss$2 & let ! re/ eat e "o ! fle% ( ano!r4 #aj4 ,& ,i took my /aff1 ! ,pleasant1 & cut x asund]1 t ,i might break my cov5ant :i* ,i _h made 7= !m7 ) all ! nations4 #aa4 ,& x 0 brok5 9 t day1 & s ! afflict$ flock1 t wait$ ^u me1 knew t x 0 ! ^w ( ! ,"l4 #ab4 ,& ,i said unto !m1 ,if ye ?9k good1 give me my rew>d2 & if n1 =be>2 & !y weigh$ = my rew>d ?irty pieces ( silv]4 #ac4 ,& ! ,"l said unto me1 ,ca/ x into ! treasury1 ! magnanim\s1 ! preci\s1 t ,i h )drawn f !m2 & ,i took ! ?irty pieces ( silv]1 & ca/ !m into ! h\se ( ! ,"l1 into ! treasury4 #ad4 ,!n ,i cut asund] my o!r /aff1 ! ,pa9ful1 to break ! bro!rhood betwe5 ,judah1 & ,israel4 #ae4 ,& ! ,"l said unto me1 ,take unto !e1 yet ! in/rum5ts ( a fooli% %eph]d4 #af4 ,=1 lo1 ,i w raise up a %eph]d 9 ! l&1 :o %all n rememb] ^? t are miss$1 nor seek ! "y1 nor heal ! brok5 "o1 nor fe$ t t /&s /ill1 b he %all eat ! fle% ( ! fat1 & te> _! ho(s asund]4 #ag4 ,woe to ! wor?less %eph]ds1 :o leave ! flock6 ! sword %all be ^u 8 arm1 & ^u 8 "r eye3 8 arm %all be q dri$ up1 & 8 "r eye %all be utt]ly d>k5$4 ,,! ,,rabbi',s ,,exposition4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,v]se #a4 ,?is prophecy ,*ri/ians _c b consid] imp5etrable1 & mu/ be satisfi$ to break (f a few fragm5ts1 :i* may s]ve to cem5t _! religion2 = 9 :atev] mann] !y exp\nd ! import ( ! two /aves1 !y mu/ /ill be incompet5t to l9k its v>i\s p>ts toge!r1 s z to %ew t x ref]s to :at !y ?9k x necess>ily mu/1 namely1 ! sell+ ( ! ,messiah2 an int]pretation :i* an imp>tial exam9] mu/ f9d inconsi/5t ) t passage ev5 if disjo9$ f all ! re/1 s9ce !re1 wages1 or rew>d 7n price7 is spok5 (2 ?is be+ desir$1 or requir$ ( ,israel1 :ile ) him :o 0 sold x 0 q ! rev]se2 s f> 0 he f wi%+ to be betray$1 t he tri$ & pray$ to escape x4 ,! ,jew1 h[ev]1 consid]+ ! t5\r ( ! :ole1 cont5ds t ?is 0 no m ?an :at _h be5 already fulfill$ at ! "t :5 x 0 deliv]$1 ! allusion "h be+ hi/orical & n prophetic4 ,x comm5ces ) pr$ict+ to o!r nations 7:o are comp>$ to fir1 & oak trees17 de/ruction inevitable1 s9ce ! %eph]ds ( ,judah also 7:o are comp>$ to ! lions by ! ,jordan1 to ! v9e & ! c$>17 h[l = hav+ be5 spoil$ ( _! glory4 ,! prophet !n goes on1 9 call+ to ! m9ds ( 8 bre?r5 ! causes t br\ght !m s l[ f _! =m] exalt$ /ation1 9 ord] t ?is may s]ve !m z a w>n+ no m to deviate f ! way 9 :i* !y 7 in/ruct$ to walk3 he also rem9ds !m ) :at p>ticul> & provid5tial c>e !y _h be5 cont9ually l$ on by _! ,god1 9 "o or o!r ( ! diff]5t ways /at$1 ! pleasant1 or ! pa9ful1 z by a t5d] %eph]d1 ^: sole int5t is to lead 8 flock to ri* pa/ures1 & good wat]+ places4 ,9 ?is mann] did ,god t5d 8 flock1 ,israel1 to accompli% _! happ9ess1 indulg+ !m :5 ob$i5t to 8 w1 b *a/is+ !m1 :5 o!rwise1 z an indulg5t fa!r w\ld 8 *ildr51 9 ord] to reclaim !m4 ,& :5 we consid] ! circum/ances & condition ( our fa!rs dur+ ! fir/ temple1 we may easily trace out bo? ! times :5 !y enjoy$ un9t]rupt$ peace & com=t1 & ^?1 :5 !y 7 expos$ to tr\bles & afflictions1 :i* ,god 9 8 wisdom saw fit to visit ^u !m4 ,to ^! does ! prophet ref]1 repres5t+ !m by ?is beautiful metaphor ( ! two /aves4 ,v]4 #e4 ,! cruel %eph]ds d5ote ! tyrants into ^: h&s ,israel 0 deliv]$1 :o disda9$ to n\ri% t poor flock1 b sold "s to slav]y1 & gave up o!rs to be slaught]$4 ,v]4 #f4 ,& su* z escap$ ! fury ( _! own k+s 7 ravag$ by _! conqu]ors4 ,v]4 #g4 ,i f$ ! flock4--i4 e4 ,s9ce ,i h *os5 !m to me out ( ,egypt4 ,v]4 #h4 ,:5 ,i _h cut (f ?ree %eph]ds4--,! numb] ?ree z well z sev5 is well kn[n to be made use ( 9 ,scripture1 in/ead ( an indef9ite numb]2 ?is app>5tly ref]s to :at is relat$ 9 #b ,k+s1 *4 x4 v4 #cb1 t 9 ^? days ! ,"l began to be we>y ( ,israel2 x 0 aft] ! k+s ( ,judah & ,israel 7 kill$1 ! family ( ! "o ext]m9at$1 & t ( ! o!r ne>ly s4 ,v]4 #aj4 ,a cov5ant made = !m ) all ! nations2 t is1 t ^! nations %\ld n di/urb ,israel1 nor invade _! l&1 b leave !m to dwell !re 9 safety1 z 0 repeat$ly promis$ to !m4 ,exod4 xxxiv4 #bd2 ,lev4 xxvi4 #e2 ,deut4 xxviii4 #aj4 ,b :5 "u ! div9e displeasure1 t cov5ant 0 susp5d$1 & n only ! l& ( ! t5 tribes1 b also t ( ,judah 0 frequ5tly invad$1 & bo? 7 h>ass$ by _! enemies4 ,v]4 #ab4 ,! rew>d :i* ,god requir$ ( 8 p means1 t = ! _m bless+s he _h conf]r$ on !m1 !y %\ld be ob$i5t to 8 comm&m5ts4 ,yet he left x to _! *oice1 to =be> if dis9cl9$1 agreeably to ! message s5t to !m by ,ezek4 *4 iii4 v4 #bg2 & accord+ly "s few rema9$ fai?ful to him1 & ^! answ] to ! ?irty pieces ( silv]4 ,?irty z well z t5 sometimes imply an indef9ite numb]4 ,see ,dan1 i4 #bj2 ,g54 xxxi4 #g4 ,!y are nam$ silv] 7 7or 77 z ?is orig9ally meant desirable4 ,v]4 #ac4 ,!y are to be ca/ into ! treasury-- 7or 71 ?\gh translat$ ! pott]1 /&s = 771 ! treasury4 ,& aga91 7or 7 is ! same z 7or 7 7,mal4 iii4 #aj71 or ! /oreh\se ( ! ,"l1 viz4 ! temple4 ,! frequ5t int]*ange ( ! 7or 7 lett]s is well kn[n to ! ,hebrew s*ol>4 ,! temple is "h indicat$ z ! place :]e ! pure ones1 sep>at$ f ! dross1 %\ld fix _! eyes on ! ,mo/ ,high1 & ) pray]s appease 8 wra?1 t he might yet av]t ! approa*+ calamities4 7or 7 signifies ,i h )drawn1 n ,i 0 priz$ at4 ,see ,prov]bs xxv4 #ag1 :]e x means )draw ?y foot4 ,v]4 #ad4 ,cut asund] ! o!r /aff4 ,:ile ! two k+s liv$ 9 peace & h>mony1 ! "o 0 corrupt$ by ! wick$ness ( ! o!r1 & !re=e ! *a/5+ rod 0 appli$ = ! purpose ( break+ _! bro!rhood2 b t /aff 0 disp5s$ )1 :5 by ! dissolution ( "o ( ^! k+s1 ! cause = x ceas$4 ,v]4 #af4 ,i w raise up a %eph]d1 c4 ,judah has likewise to lam5t to ?is day hav+ be5 gov]n$ by fooli% %eph]ds dur+ bo? ! fir/ & second temple1 :o did nei!r rememb] ! miss$1 nor heal ! brok51 & in/ead ( fe$+ !m t /ood /ill1 !y f$ ^u !m1 & tore _! ho(s asund]4 ,yet z ! survivors /& to ?is day a liv+ monum5t ( ! lit]al accompli%m5t ( ?is prophecy f v]se #ae1 x s]ves !m z a sure pl$ge ( ! fulfilm5t ( t :i* foll[s4 ,,ze*>iah ,,on ,,! ,,messiah',s ,,k+dom4 ,,int]pretation3 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,( ! occurr5ces :i* succe$$ ! crucifixion ( ,*ri/1 "o ( ! fir/ 9 ord]1 z well z importance1 0 ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem2 an ev5t :i* mat]ially *ang$ ! condition ( ! ,jewi% nation1 bo? z reg>d$ _! polity & _! religion2 to ! full ex]cise ( :i* ! exi/5ce ( _! temple 0 indisp5sable4 ,x 0 !re=e to be expect$ t ! pr$iction ( ?is ev5t w\ld be eag]ly s\ght = by ,*ri/ian comm5tators1 9 a prophecy relat+ to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,messiah's k+dom1 especially by ^? :o *iefly look to political affairs = its fulfilm5t4 ,& accord+ly ?is *apt] appe>s to af=d di/9ct intimation ( su* an ev5t1 z x op5s ) ! express m5tion ( ! siege ( ,j]usalem4 ,yet is x m5tion$ 9 a way n a little emb>rass+ to ! political exposition2 =1 in/ead ( ! de/ruction1 ! prophecy decl>es ! triumph ( ,j]usalem2 &1 ) ! exception ( "o or two ambigu\s expressions at ! comm5cem5t1 ?is triumph =ms ! :ole subject ( ! *apt]4 ,b ,j]usalem really 0 tak5 & de/roy$1 nor h ! ,jews s9ce be5 able to rebuild ei!r _! city or _! temple1 nor has any ?+ approa*+ to a triumph1 9 ! ord9>y acceptation ( ! t]m1 occurr$ to !m f t "t to ! pres5t4 ,h[ !n %all we expla9 ! victory & triumph =etold 9 ! prophecy8 ,! solution appe>s to be ?is2 t ! ev5t "h =etold is no political1 b a spiritual siege2 namely1 ! w>f>e ( worldly feel+s aga9/ true religion1 = ?is is ! spiritual ,j]usalem4 ,! abrogation ( ! law1 & ! promulgation ( ! ,gospel1 are =e%ewn "u ! types ( ! ,old & ! ,new ,j]usalem2 :i* symbolically signify ! ,old & ,new ,cov5ant1 or ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity1 ! "o aboli%$ & ! o!r e/abli%$1 9 reality at ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 b o/5sibly at ! de/ruction ( ! city & temple1 :i* is probably on ?is acc\nt employ$ symbolically1 to repres5t ! spiritual *ange4 ,! prophecy1 h[ev]1 does n decl>e ! de/ruction ( ! old ,j]usalem1 b m]ely ! repeopl+ ( x1 9 v]se #f2 & 9 ! spiritual s5se x 0 n de/roy$1 ?\gh m]g$ 9 ! sup]ior spl5d\r & greatness ( ! ,new ,city2 = ,*ri/ianity is built on ! f\ndation ( ,judaism4 ,! new ,j]usalem "h spok5 (1 is !n1 ! new ,cov5ant1 or ,*ri/ianity1 ! spiritual ,city1 ! build+ ( :i* began at ?is "t1 :atev] may be ! p]iod requir$ = its completion4 ,9 ! spiritual s5se also mu/ be und]/ood ! triumph ( ,judah1 :i* 0 ! triumph ( ! ,gospel2 & h] salvation1 spok5 ( 9 v]se #g1 :i* 0 et]nal salvation4 ,h] victory 0 ! victory ov] ! _w1 :i* e true ,*ri/ian has to ga91 b :i* 0 fir/ ga9$ by ,judah1 = ! fir/ ,*ri/ians 7 ,jews2 al?\gh ! ,g5tiles 7 subsequ5tly admitt$ into ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 & became ! pr9cipal inhabitants ( ! spiritual ,j]usalem1 :5 des]t$1 = ! mo/ "p at lea/1 by its =m] inhabitants ! ,jews4 ,! ,g5tiles f ?is "t became ,israelites by adoption1 & ! di/9ction betwe5 ,jew & ,g5tile conv]ts1 or l9eal & adopt$ ,israelites1 is m>k$ 9 ! prophecy1 z might be expect$4 ,b ! "t ( ,israel's spiritual re/oration requires "s explanation1 be+ adv]t$ to 9 ?is & ! foll[+ *apt] t5 times at lea/1 ) ! def9ite expression ( 89 t day30 an expression :i* seems z little to accord ) ! "t requir$ = a :ole nation or p to *ange _! fai?1 z ) t :i* w\ld be requisite = _! lit]al return f all p>ts ( ! _w to be reunit$ 9 "o city1 z ! ,jews und]/& ! prophecy4 ,a lit]al day _c !re=e be und]/ood2 nor yet w\ld ! difficulty be remov$ by suppos+ x to mean a prophetic day1 or a ,jewi% ye> ( twelve mon?s1 be+ ?ree hundr$ & sixty days2 = ?is p]iod w\ld be alike inadequate to ! ev5t 9 "q4 ,h[ %all we !n und]/& ! expression1 8t day10 s (t5 recurr+ 9 ! prophecy8 ,! answ] appe>s to be simply ?is1 t x means "o day to ea* individual1 b n ! same day to all collectively4 ,z ! e>li] ,*ri/ians did n all embrace ,*ri/ianity on "o day1 s nei!r h we reason to expect t ! lat] ,*ri/ians w d s4 ,hi/ory decl>es to ! contr>y1 t "s ( ! h\se ( ,israel h be5 cont9ually fl[+ into ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ 9 e succe$+ c5tury1 f ! ,apo/olic age to ! pres5t "t4 ,& z "s und]/& ! ,day ( ,judgm5t to be to ea* individual ! day ( 8 dea?1 s to ea* w ! day ( 8 8,r$emption10 9 ,scriptural language1 be ! day ( 8 receiv+ ,*ri/4 ,/4 ,paul 9 ! #b ,cor9?4 vi4 #b1 says 8,behold n[ is ! accept$ "t1 n[ is ! day ( ,salvation10 & 9 ! same light mu/ x be view$ 9 ! passages be=e u2 t is1 z "o day to ea* individually1 n z ! same day to all collectively4 ,! op5+ ( ?is *apt] closely resembles t ( ! #i?1 & may help to ?r[ light on ^? p>ts ( x :i* appe>$ obscure4 ,bo? beg9 by decl>+ ,god's sup]9t5dance & control ov] human affairs1 & bo? ass]t 8 "r to ! disposal ( ev5ts on simil> gr\nds3 !re x 0 alleg$1 because all creatures belong to him1 = ! ,"l's is ! eye ( man1 & all ! tribes ( ,israel2 & "h1 because he creat$ all ?+s4 ,! burd5 ( ! ^w ( ! ,"l ^u ,israel1 sai? ! ,"l1 :i* /ret*e? =? ! heav5s1 & laye? ! f\ndations ( ! e>?1 & =me? ! _s ( man )9 him4 ,!re1 ! burd5 ( ! prophecy 0 laid on ! ,g5tiles1 b ! admonition meant = ! b5efit ( ,israel1 to :om x 0 address$2 "h1 ! burd5 is ^u ,israel1 b ! admonition expressly int5d$ = all nations1 8all ! p r\nd ab\t20 & ( su* 0 ! new ,j]usalem1 :i* is ! subject ( ?is *apt]1 *iefly compos$ aft] ! ov]?r[ ( _! idolatry & _! conv]sion to ,*ri/ianity4 ,?is appe>s to be ! spiritual w>f>e "h int5d$1 namely1 ! successful progress ( ! ,gospel aga9/ ,paganism4 ,behold1 ,i w make ,j]usalem a cup ( trembl+ unto all ! nations r\nd ab\t1 & ^u ,judah x %all be 9 ! siege aga9/ ,j]usalem4 ,^u ,judah is ! burd5 ( ! prophecy *iefly impos$1 = to ,judah 0 fir/ committ$ ! task ( promulgat+ ! ,gospel4 ,! ,apo/les1 & also ! disciples ( our ,"l 7 all ,jews1 !y 7 ! f\nd]s ( ?is city4 8,a cup ( trembl+10 mu/ n be "h und]/ood to signify an example by puni%m5t inflict$1 b z ! ,jew r5d]s x1 8a cup ( a/oni%m5t10 or confusion to all nations2 or1 z x is next t]m$1 8a burd5-/one10 to cru% its enemies2 & su* has be5 ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/1 z ! prophecy decl>es4 ,9 t day1 w ,i make ,j]usalem a burd5-/one = all p2 all t burd5 !mselves ) x %all be cut 9 pieces1 ?\gh all ! p ( ! e>? be ga!r$ toge!r aga9/ x4 ,! p1 "h spiritually signifies _! false religion1 :i* 0 to be aboli%$2 & ,j]usalem is "h und]/ood to mean ,*ri/ianity1 or true religion1 :i* 0 triumphant4 ,confusion is !n d5\nc$ aga9/ its enemies1 :ile ,div9e protection & support are promis$ to ! h\se ( ,judah1 :o receiv$ ,*ri/4 ,9 t day1 sai? ! ,"l1 ,i w smite e horse ) a/oni%m5t1 & 8 rid] ) madness1 b ,i w op5 m9e eyes ^u ! h\se ( ,judah1 & w smite e horse ( ! p ) bl9dness4 ,! bl9d rage ( ! hea!n & ! infatuat$ fr5zy ) :i* !y /rove to ext+ui% ! light ( ! ,gospel1 are "h cle>ly =e%ewn2 b ! spiritual ,j]usalem resi/$ all _! ef=ts4 ,& :5 ! l9eal ,israelites ab&on$ _! city1 its gates 7 ?r[n op5 to ! ,g5tiles1 :o ent]$ & repeopl$ x1 & became !nce=w>d 8,israelites by adoption40 ,! new ,j]usalem be+ ,*ri/ianity1 its inhabitants mu/ mean ! ,*ri/ians2 & :o 7 !y1 aft] ! ,jews reject$ ,*ri/ianity1 b ! ,g5tile conv]ts8 ,accord+ly1 !y are s /yl$ 9 ! next v]se1 z contradi/+ui%$ f ! fir/ ,jewi% conv]ts1 :o are call$ ! gov]nors ( ,judah1 be+ ! f\nd]s & build]s ( ! spiritual city4 ,& ! gov]nors ( ,judah %all say 9 _! he>ts1 ,! inhabitants ( ,j]usalem %all be my /r5g?1 9 ! ,"l ( ho/s _! ,god4 ,! fitness ( ! expression1 ,inhabitants ( ,j]usalem1 to symbolize ! ,g5tile conv]ts1 fur!r appe>s 9 ! fact1 t ! orig9al inhabitants ( ! city1 :o 7 nev] expell$1 7 ,g5tiles4 ,! gov]nors ( ,judah c signify no o!r ?an ! apo/les & disciples ( our ,"l1 ! fir/ tea*]s ( ,*ri/ianity1 or ! f\nd]s ( ! new ,city4 ,^!1 :5 ! ,jews 7 no long] will+ to he> !m1 turn$ _! att5tion to ! ,g5tiles1 & direct$ all _! ef=ts to effect _! conv]sion4 ,z ! /r5g? ( a city lies 9 its inhabitants1 s ! hope ( /r5g!n+ !irs1 f t "t1 re/$ 9 ga9+ ov] ! ,g5tiles3 8,! ,gov]nors ( ,judah say 9 _! he>ts1 ,! inhabitants ( ,j]usalem %all be my /r5g? 9 ! ,"l ( ho/s _! ,god40 ,does n ?is mean 9 ! ,"l ( ho/s becom+ _! ,god8 ,t is1 9 8 becom+ ! ,god ( ! ,g5tiles by _! conv]sion to ,*ri/ianity8 ,! extraord9>y success ( ! apo/les & disciples1 9 conv]t+ ! ,g5tiles & repeopl+ ! city1 is =e%ewn 9 ! next v]se4 ,9 t day w ,i make ! gov]nors ( ,judah l an he>? ( fire among ! wood1 & l a tor* ( fire 9 a %eaf1 & !y %all dev\r all ! nations r\nd ab\t on ! "r h& & on ! left1 & ,j]usalem %all be inhabit$ aga9 9 h] own place1 ev5 9 ,j]usalem4 ,if ! spiritual ,j]usalem be ,*ri/ianity1 x 0 c]ta9ly ! ,g5tiles :o repeopl$ ?is city1 :5 ! ,jews des]t$ x4 ,b /ill x 0 n des]t$ by all ! ,jews1 = ! fir/ ,*ri/ians 7 ,jews1 z emphatically express$ 9 ! next v]se4 ,! ,"l %all save ! t5ts ( ,judah fir/1 t ! glory ( ! h\se ( ,david1 & ! glory ( ! inhabitants ( ,j]usalem d n magnify !mselves aga9/ ,judah4 ,! salvation ( ,judah "h spok5 ( mu/ be salvation ?r\gh ,*ri/2 b if ,judah signify ! fir/ ,jewi% conv]ts to ,*ri/ianity1 & ! inhabitants ( ,j]usalem mean ^? f ! g5tile nations1 :o are ! h\se ( ,david1 "h spok5 (1 & class$ ) ! inhabitants ( ,j]usalem1 z receiv+ _! salvation subsequ5tly to t ( ,judah8 ,! h\se ( ,david mu/ surely mean ^? ( ! ,hebrew nations1 :o did n at fir/ receive ,*ri/ along ) ! h\se ( ,judah1 b subsequ5tly2 or1 ! prophecy be+ /ill prospective1 ^? :o %all h]eaft] embrace ,*ri/ianity mu/ be also includ$4 ,to ?is ! ,jew may probably answ]3 ,h[ c a ,*ri/ian believe t ! h\se ( ,david1 ! v h\se f :i* ,*ri/ came1 /ill rema9s unr$eem$8 ,i answ]1 t we are n[h]e assur$ t all ( 8 own family believ$ 9 him2 /ill less ! :ole h\se ( ,david1 ( :i* !y 7 only a bran*4 ,to ! fact1 :e!r any ( t family be /ill left among ! unr$eem$ ( ,israel1 let ! ,jew answ]4 ,if n1 !n :]e is _! expect$ ,messiah to come f8 ,b if !re be su*1 !n h ^! n yet receiv$ ! salvation :i* is ?r\gh ,*ri/2 & z f> z !y are conc]n$1 ! words ( ! prophecy yet rema9 to be fulfill$1 h[ev] x may h receiv$ its fulfilm5t 9 reg>d to o!rs4 ,:5 x %all please ,god to remove ! veil :i* is be=e _! eyes1 & to re/ore ! spiritual /r5g? :i* !y h lo/1 !n w ! foll[+ words be accompli%$ 9 !m also1 z x 0 to ,judah 9 ! apo/olic age4 ,9 t day %all ! ,"l def5d ! inhabitants ( ,j]usalem1 & he t is feeble among !m1 at t day %all be z ,david1 & ! h\se ( ,david %all be z ,god1 z ! ,angel ( ! ,"l be=e !m4 ,! e/eem & v5]ation ) :i* ! primitive ,*ri/ians1 & p>ticul>ly ! apo/les1 w\ld be reg>d$ = _! purity & hol9ess1 & = _! spiritual /r5g?1 not)/&+ t !y 7 design$ly *os5 f ! l[e/ & mo/ illit]ate class ( m51 is "h emphatically =etold4 ,_! consequ5t success 9 prea*+ ! gospel is next decl>$2 ! nations be+ de/roy$1 figuratively signifies _! false religion be+ ov]?r[n4 ,& x %all come to pass 9 t day1 sai? ! ,"l1 t ,i w seek to de/roy all ! nations t come up aga9/ ,j]usalem4 ,! next v]se1 :i* =etels ! p\r+ out ( ! ,_s1 s closely resembles ! prophecy ( ,joel1 ( :i* ,/4 ,pet] gave ! int]pretation on ! memorable day ( ,p5teco/2 & at ! same "t1 c\pl$ ! application ) a reproa* to ! ,jews = hav+ crucifi$ ,*ri/ 7,acts ii471 t ! ,*ri/ian c h>dly fail to see t !y ref] to ! same ev5t1 ?\gh n "h re/rict$ to t p>ticul> day1 z appe>s f 8! h\se ( ,david & ! inhabitants ( ,j]usalem0 be+ m5tion$2 nor 0 ! gift ( ! ,_s conf9$ to ! day ( ,p5teco/1 b cont9u$ to all on :om ! apo/les laid _! h&s4 ,& ,i w p\r out ^u ! h\se ( ,david1 & ^u ! inhabitants ( ,j]usalem1 ! _s ( grace & ( supplication2 & !y %all look to me = him :om !y pi]c$1 & !y %all m\rn = him z "o m\rne? = 8 only son2 & be 9 bitt]ness = him z "o t is 9 bitt]ness = 8 fir/born4 ,! mo/ solemn fa/ almo/ univ]sally obs]v$ ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom1 9 commemoration ( ,*ri/'s crucifixion1 is manife/ly ! ev5t :i* 0 "h =etold1 at lea/ f\r c5turies be=e its fulfilm5t4 ,! prospect ( its receiv+ a m evid5t accompli%m5t at any future p]iod1 seems to be r5d]$ hopeless by ! enum]ation ( ! diff]5t families t foll[s1 all su* di/9ctions be+ n[ lo/ among ! pres5t race ( ,jews4 ,& 9 t day !re %all be a great m\rn+ 9 ,j]usalem1 z ! m\rn+ ( ,hadadrimmon 9 ! valley ( ,megiddon2 ,& ! l& %all m\rn e family ap>t1 ! family ( ! h\se ( ,david ap>t1 & _! wives ap>t2 ! family ( ! h\se ( ,na?an ap>t1 & _! wives ap>t2 ,! family ( ! h\se ( ,levi ap>t1 & _! wives ap>t2 ! family ( ! h\se ( ,%imei ap>t1 & _! wives ap>t2 ,all ! families t rema91 e family ap>t1 & _! wives ap>t4 ,if any ?+ m be int5d$ by ?is emphatical repetition ( ! families m\rn+ ap>t1 beyond ! /rong expression ( ! dep? ( _! grief1 & ! s9c]ity ( _! rep5tance1 may x n be to conv9ce ! unbeliev+ ,jews ( ! hopelessness ( a m lit]al fulfilm5t aft] ! loss ( _! g5ealogies8 ,,notes ,,to ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,v]se #b4 3 ,:5 !y %all be 9 ! siege bo? aga9/ ,judah & aga9/ ,j]usalem4 ,su* is ! translation 9 our v]sion1 a s5se :i* c 9 no way be extort$ f ! words ( ! text1 z e ,hebrai/ mu/ be well aw>e4 ,! ,jew1 by ins]t+ ! relative :o1 z und]/ood aft] ! ^w ,judah1 r5d]s ! passage ?us1 ,& also ^u ,judah1 :o %all be 9 ! siege aga9/ ,j]usalem4 ,?is is c]ta9ly no violation ( ! text1 z ! relative pron\n is (t5 und]/ood 9 ,hebrew4 ,b /ill ,i hold x to be a rule n to ins]t a relative unless ! s5se requires x1 & ,i see no su* necessity "h1 z ei!r ( ! prec$+ nom9atives1 namely1 ! burd5 ( ! prophecy1 or ! cup ( trembl+1 may gov]n ! v]b %all be1 & ?us we h1 z ,i h r5d]$ x1 & also ^u ,judah x %all be1 9 ! siege aga9/ ,j]usalem2 by :i* ,i und]/& ! burd5 %all be ^u ,judah also4 ,v]se #c4 3 ,i w make ,j]usalem a burd5 /one = all p4 ,"h ! ,jew may probably ask1 ,h[ c ,j]usalem1 9 ! spiritual s5se1 z signify+ true religion1 become a burd5 /one1 or a cup ( confusion to ! hea!n8 ,i answ]1 9 e way4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 by fru/rat+1 z x did1 all _! ef=ts to suppress & ext+ui% x2--9 ! next place1 by its oppos+ & outrag+ all _! worldly feel+s1 condemn+ _! pride1 & tea*+ humility1 requir+ !m to receive _! religion f "o :om !y despis$ z ! mo/ degrad$ ( human be+s1 a crucifi$ malefactor2--&1 la/ly1 by /ultify+ all _! previ\s notions1 enjo9+ ! re/ra9t & control ( ! passions1 in/ead ( :i* _! religion sanctifi$ _! indulg5ce z an act ( devotion4 ,?us 0 ,*ri/ianity1 9 e way1 a cup ( confusion1 & a /umbl+-/one to ! hea!n nations4 ,b aga9/ ! spiritual exposition ( ! ,old & ,new ,j]usalem1 z symboliz+ ! ,old & ,new ,cov5ant1 ! ,jew may1 p]haps1 fur!r object1 t he 0 nev] taught to look = a ,new ,cov5ant1 & t he f9ds no intimation ( x 9 ! ,prophets4 ,?is be+ a "q ( fact1 r ?an ( reason+1 we mu/ look to ! ,scriptures = ! answ]4 ,)\t enum]at+ ! _m intimations ( ! sacrifices & c]emonies ( ! ,old ,cov5ant1 n be+ intr9sically acceptable to ,god1 b ( less e/imation ?an ! attributes ( moral excell5ce1 we f9d ! foll[+ direct decl>ations ( a ,new ,cov5ant to be e/abli%$ at ! ,messiah's com+1 :o is symbolically /yl$1 ,my s]vant ,david4 ,?us 9 ,isa4 lv4 #c1 we f9d1 ,incl9e ?9e e> & come unto me2 he> & y\r s\l %all live2 & ,i w make an ev]la/+ cov5ant ) y1 ev5 ! sure m]cies ( ,david4 ,ezekiel also says1 *ap4 xxxiv4 #bd1 ,& ,i ! ,"l w be _! ,god1 & my s]vant ,david a pr9ce among !m2 ,i ! ,"l h spok5 x2 & ,i w make ) !m a cov5ant ( peace1 c4 ,& aga9 9 *ap4 xxxvii4 #bf1 he says1 ,moreov]1 ,i w make a cov5ant ( peace ) !m2 x %all be an ev]la/+ cov5ant ) !m2 & ,i w place !m & multiply !m1 & ,i w set my sanctu>y 9 ! mid/ ( !m = ev]more4 ,b ,j]emiah /ill m expressly decl>es ! sup]s$+ ( ! ,old1 & ! sub/itution ( ! ,new ,cov5ant2 :ile he describes ! latt] 9 t]ms equival5t to ^? us$ by ,*ri/ himself1 8,! k+dom ( ,god is )9 y40 ,?us ,j]4 xxxi4 #ca1 ,behold ! days come1 sai? ! ,"l1 t ,i w make a ,new ,cov5ant ) ! h\se ( ,israel1 & ) ! h\se ( ,judah4 ,n accord+ to ! ,cov5ant t ,i made ) _! fa!rs1 9 ! day t ,i took !m by ! h& to br+ !m out ( ! l& ( ,egypt1 :i* my ,cov5ant !y brake1 al?\gh ,i 0 an husb& to !m1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,b ?is %all be ! ,cov5ant t ,i w make ) ! h\se ( ,israel1 ,aft] ^? days1 sai? ! ,"l1 ,i w put my law 9 _! inw>d p>ts1 & write x 9 _! he>ts1 & w be _! ,god1 & !y %all be my p4 ,"h we h cle> intimation ( a new law sup]s$+ ! old1 ! spiritual nature ( ! new be+ contra/$ ) ! c]emonial ( ! old1 by its be+ writt5 9 ! he>t2 :ile ! /ress laid by all ^u its ev]la/+ duration1 implies t ! "o prec$+ x 0 only meant to be tempor>y4 ,v]se #e4 3 ,& ! ,gov]nors ( ,judah %all say 9 _! he>ts1 ! inhabitants ( ,j]usalem %all be my /r5g? 9 ! ,"l ( ho/s _! ,god4 8,?is text10 says ,dr4 ,blayney1 8has be5 suppos$ corrupt1 & _m attempts made to am5d x4 ,b )\t any alt]ation1 x well expresses ! s5tim5ts ( ! m5 ( ,judah1 conc]n+ ! int]e/ !y _h 9 ! safety ( ,j]usalem & its inhabitants1 on :i* _! own safety & security dep5d$ 9 a great degree10 c4 ,i fully agree ) ,dr4 ,blayney 9 ! lit]al mean+ ( ! words1 :i* involves no difficulty2 b 9 look+ beyond ! lit]al1 to ! symbolical & spiritual s5se1 consid]able difficulty appe>s4 ,a diff]5t solution f t ,i h (f]$ at fir/ occurr$ to me1 :i* is ?is1 t z ,judah means ! e>lie/ conv]ts to ,*ri/ianity1 ^! be+ evid5tly contra/$ ) ! inhabitants ( ,j]usalem1 :o 7 subsequ5tly sav$1 ! latt] might mean ! yet unconv]t$ ,jews4 ,^u ?is view1 ! anxiety ( ,*ri/ians = ! conv]sion ( ! ,jews1 w\ld appe> to be ! subject intimat$ 9 ! v]se be=e u2 & z ?is idea may occur to o!rs z x did to myself1 ,i ?9k x "r to /ate my reasons = rel9qui%+ x4 ,"o objection to ?is view is1 t 9 v]se #aj1 ! unconv]t$ ,jews1 if !y be ! inhabitants ( ,j]usalem1 w\ld "h m\rn ! crucifi$ ,savi\r1 :i* w\ld be a complete solecism4 ,ano!r objection is1 t ! abolition ( idolatry 9 ! next *apt]1 in/ead ( be+ repres5t$ z op5+ ! way = ! admission ( ! ,pagans to ,*ri/ianity1 :i* x c]ta9ly did1 w\ld !n be repres5t$ z op5+ ! way to ! conv]sion ( ! ,jews1 :i* x c]ta9ly did n1 b r _h a contr>y effect1 z hi/ory decl>es4 ,&1 la/ly1 ^u ?is view1 ! corruption ( ,*ri/ianity1 lead+ to ! loss ( ! spiritual ,j]usalem1 m5tion$ at ! beg9n+ ( *ap4 xiv41 in/ead ( be+ ascrib$ to ! ,g5tile *ur*1 w\ld ?us appe> to be ! "w ( ! ,jews1 ei!r ( ^? m rec5tly conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity1 or ( ^? /ill unconv]t$1 bo? ( :i* w\ld be alike unreasonable4 ,su* are ! reasons :i* l$ me to reject t view1 & adopt ! "o propos$ 9 ! text4 ,) respect to ! h\se ( ,david1 z signify+ ! ,jewi% conv]ts :o embrac$ ,*ri/ianity subsequ5t to ! ,apo/olic age1 ^? objections d n apply4 ,v]se #aj4 3 ,& !y %all look ^u me :om !y h pi]c$4 ,blayney consid]s ! 7or 71 z simply a preposition1 n a comp\nd ( ) ! affix pron\n 1 ! antec$5t to 7or 71 be+ und]/ood1 & r5d]s ! passage ?us1 ,!y %all look t[>ds him :om !y pi]c$4 ,! ,jew argues f ! *ange ( p]son1 t our v]sion _c be "r1 & he r5d]s x1 ,!y %all look to me conc]n+ him :om !y pi]c$4 ,9 :atev] way ! passage be r5d]$1 no d\bt c rema9 9 ! m9d ( ! ,*ri/ian t ,*ri/1 :o 0 pi]c$1 is ! p]son "h allud$ to2 & ?is is ! only po9t mat]ial to ! pres5t exposition4 ,t ! ,jew %\ld admit ?is1 is n to be expect$4 ,,! ,,rabbi',s ,,exposition1 ,,& ,,! ,,au?or',s ,,rem>ks4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,9 ! rema9+ *apt]s1 ,i %all m]ely po9t out ^? p>ts 9 :i* ! con/ruction ( ! orig9al is1 or may be1 diff]5t f t ( ! ,engli% v]sion1 z !re seems no occasion to notice ^? passages :]e !y bo? agree4 ,v]se #b4 ,behold ,i w make ,j]usalem a cup ( confusion unto all ! p r\nd ab\t1 & also ^u ,judah1 :o w be 9 ! siege aga9/ ,j]usalem4 ,by ?is x appe>s t ,judah1 namely1 ^? :o w be )\t ! city1 w likewise be greatly confus$ at _! be+ compell$ by ! o!r nations to take "p 9 ! siege1 & fight aga9/ _! bre?r54 ,v]se #aj4 ,& ,i w p\r ^u ! h\se ( ,david1 & ^u ! inhabitants ( ,j]usalem1 ! _s ( grace & ( supplications2 & !y %all look unto me 7,,conc]n+7 :om !y h pi]c$1 & !y %all m\rn = him1 c4 ,! *ange ( p]son cle>ly proves1 t x is n he :o 0 pi]c$1 to :om !y w look2 b x mu/ be consid]$ z if x 7 7or 71 or 7or 7 p>ticles are well kn[n to be frequ5tly omitt$ or ex*ang$4 ,?is may ei!r allude to ^? :o _h be5 =m]ly sla9 = _! bold admonitions & w>n+s2 or to ^? :o w h]eaft] be sla9 9 battle4 ,!y :o apply ?is to ! ,*ri/ian ,messiah1 h ano!r difficulty to solve1 besides ! "o above m5tion$1 & t is1 to expla9 h[ a dea? is to be lam5t$1 :i*1 z !y believe1 0 indisp5sable to ! salvation ( s _m myriads ( s\ls4 ,& fur!r1 x may be ask$1 if x 0 ! especial w ( ,god t ?is %\ld be s accompli%$1 h[ c\ld ! p]petrators ( 8 dea? avoid x8 ,&1 la/ly1 :at cause _h ! h\se ( ,david1 compris+ ! ,messiah himself1 to supplicate = m]cy on acc\nt ( 8 dea?1 9 :i* !y1 be+ 8 own family1 _h surely no %>e8 ,v]4 #h4 7or 7 _c mean1 & ! h\se ( ,david %all be z ,god1 b only z a p[]ful be+1 z ! ,angel ( ! ,"l be=e !m4 ,! wit* ( ,endor1 :o saw 7or 7 asc5d+ out ( ! e>?1 surely did n mean to say t x 0 ,god4 ,& 9 _m o!r passages we f9d 7or 7 appli$ to mortals z well z to ,god4 ,9 answ] to ! difficulties propos$ by ! ,jew1 ! ,*ri/ian may say1 t he does n m\rn ! dea? ( ,*ri/1 b ! s9s t requir$ su* a sacrifice2 & z to ! free ag5cy ( ^? :o crucifi$ him1 he w say1 t ,god's see+ fit sometimes to employ ! wick$ 9 accompli%+ 8 purposes1 does n imply t he fir/ makes !m wick$ = ! purpose4 ,:5 0 !re ev] a "t1 t none c\ld be f\nd 9 ,israel :o 7 ready to slay ! prophets8 ,& z to ! difficulty 9 ! text ( v]se #aj1 x is "o ( ! ,jews' own creat+1 z ! ,*ri/ian f9ds none 9 receiv+ x z x /&s )\t ev5 ! propos$ alt]ation1 an alt]ation admitt$1 b n propos$ by him4 ,! only rema9+ objection1 :i* reg>ds ! h\se ( ,david1 has be5 anticipat$ & answ]$ 9 ! int]pretation ( v]se #g4 ,,ze*>iah ,,on ,,! ,,messiah',s ,,k+dom4 ,,int]pretation3 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,! progress ( ! ,messiah's k+dom be+ reg>d$ z t ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! next important /ep aft] ! abolition ( ,judaism1 0 t ( ,paganism1 :i* is evid5tly ! subject ( ! *apt] n[ be=e u2 b along ) ?is is c\pl$ 9 ! prophetic view ano!r ev5t1 no less important1 :i* arose out (1 & accompani$ ! nom9al conv]sion ( ! ,g5tile nations4 ,?is 0 ! corruption ( ,*ri/ianity by ! ,pagan conv]ts4 ,= in/ead ( rel9qui%+ _! =m] prejudices & sup]/itions1 !y reta9$1 & br\ght mo/ ( !m into ! bosom ( ! *ur*2 & !reby 9 a %ort "t totally *ang$ ! "* ( ! religion :i* !y pr(ess$ to embrace4 ,x is true t ?is is a po9t ( *ur* hi/ory n always v di/9ctly /at$ by ecclesia/ical hi/orians2 :o seem m incl9$ to repres5t ! conv]sion ( ,con/ant9e1 & ! ev5ts ( ! f\r? c5tury1 z e way fav\rable to ! ,*ri/ian cause4 ,b ! tru? is1 t precisely 9 proportion to ! *ur*'s advancem5t 9 worldly prosp]ity & p[]1 7 its spiritual decl9e & degradation2 9 s mu* t ! be/ hi/orians admit1 t f ?is p]iod are its deg5]acy & corruptions mo/ indubitably to be dat$4 ,s diff]5t is ! light "u :i* ! same ev5t appe>s1 accord+ z x is view$ ) reg>d to its spiritual or its political import4 ,:i* ( ! two be/ accords ) ! _s ( ?is prophecy1 ! read] w be at no loss to decide1 :5 he sees t no prosp]ity is "h spok5 (1 b on ! contr>y1 t ! cutt+ (f two-?irds ( ! inhabitants ( ! l&1 or _! spiritual dea?1 is ! ev5t :i* is c\pl$ 9 ! prophecy ) ! admission ( ! ,pagans into ! *ur* ( ,*ri/4 ,& su* 0 truly ! result t foll[$ to ! _m2 namely1 ! loss ( ! true _s ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,b if ! abolition ( ,paganism be ! subject ( ?is *apt]1 x may be ask$1 h[ comes ! purification ( ,israel to be ann\nc$ 9 ! op5+ ( x8 ,! answ] is pla94 ,adopt$ ,israel may be "h und]/ood4 ,to l9eal ,israel inde$ 0 ! prophecy giv52 & ) ,israel1 idolatry 01 & ev] _h be51 ! besett+ s92 mo/ ne>ly !re=e 7 ! ,jews also conc]n$ 9 its abolition4 ,view$1 h[ev]1 9 ! m enl>g$ s5se1 idolatry comprises ! indulg5ce ( e evil prop5sity2 = ,paganism1 by appo9t+ a presid+ ,deity ov] ea*1 _h sanction$ ! unre/ra9$ gratification ( e passion1 9 mak+ x an act ( devotion4 ,*ri/ianity1 on ! contr>y1 enjo9s ! re/ra9t & control ( our passions1 & ?us becomes ! natural antidote to ! poison ( ,hea!nism3 or ! f\nta9 ( purification f ! s9 & pollution ( idolatry1 z ! op5+ ( ?is *apt] decl>es4 ,9 t day !re %all be a f\nta9 op5$ to ! h\se ( ,david1 & to ! inhabitants ( ,j]usalem = s9 & = uncleanness4 ,t day1 z =m]ly expla9$1 is to e "o ! day ( 8 conv]sion to ,*ri/ianity4 ,! h\se ( ,david1 & ! inhabitants ( ,j]usalem1 "h1 z 9 ! la/ *apt]1 symbolically repres5t ! lat] conv]ts to ,*ri/ianity2 z ! h\se ( ,judah1 :i* 0 fir/ sav$1 signify ! e>li] ,*ri/ians4 ,! nature ( ! s9 & pollution to be ?us wa%$ away1 is next decl>$ to be idolatry1 & its abolition is =etold4 ,& x %all come to pass 9 t day1 sai? ! ,"l ( ho/s1 t ,i w cut (f ! names ( ! idols out ( ! l&1 & !y %all be no m rememb]$2 & also ,i w cause ! prophets1 & ! unclean _s to pass out ( ! l&4 ,x may be wor?y ( rem>k1 t ! names only ( ! idols1 & n ! _s ( idolatry1 is "h decl>$ to be cut (f2 & f ! l&1 :i* 9 prophetic language1 commonly means ! l& ( ,israel1 "h1 adopt$ ,israel1 or ,*ri/5dom4 ,n[1 ?is nom9al abolition took place 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 f :i* "t bo? ,jews & ,g5tiles h be5 prohibit$ f ! op5 wor%ip ( idols4 ,b we h n[ rea*$ ! n9ete5? c5tury )\t see+ ! _s ( idolatry really ext9ct2 if !n ! total abolition1 :i* is yet to come1 be "h intimat$1 x mu/ be symbolically =e%ewn by ! nom9al abolition :i* !n took place4 ,t day1 9 reg>d to ! inw>d & spiritual purification1 is to be tak5 z ! day ( 8 reg5]ation to ea* individual1 n z ! same day to all collectively2 b reg>d+ ! outw>d & o/5sible abolition1 ?is occurr$ :5 ! pa9s & p5alties ( ! ,!odosian code prohibit$ ! op5 practice ( ,pagan rites4 ,! prophetic view may1 h[ev]1 include bo?4 ,& x %all come to pass 9 t day1 :5 any %all get prophesy1 t 8 fa!r & 8 "m t begat him %all say1 ,?\ %alt n live1 = ?\ speake/ lies 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l3 & 8 fa!r & 8 "m t begat him1 %all ?ru/ him ?r\gh :5 he prophesie?4 ,to prophesy1 or =etel future ev5ts1 0 ! ma9 purport ( ,pagan rites2 no und]tak+ ( any mom5t be+ ent]$ ^u until ! prie/s & oracles _h be5 previ\sly consult$4 ,?is1 9 a sup]/iti\s age1 =m$ a lucrative pr(ession = ! soo?say]s & div9]s1 & 0 successfully practis$1 till ! d>kness ( ,hea!nism 0 dispell$ by ! light ( ,*ri/ianity1 z =etold 9 ! next v]se4 ,& x %all come to pass 9 t day1 t ! prophets %all be a%am$1 e "o ( 8 vision :5 he prophesie?2 nei!r %all !y we> a r\gh g>m5t to deceive4 ,! ,pagan1 z well z ! ,jewi% prophets1 appe> to h worn a di/9ct dress2 b aft] ,paganism 0 aboli%$1 ^? :o practis$ its rites 9 secret1 ( c\rse d5i$ & s\ght to conceal x4 ,b he %all say1 ,i am no prophet b a lab\r]2 = a husb&man b\ght me f my y\?4 ,slaves & bondm5 frequ5tly receiv$ a m>k 9 _! h&s1 to %ew ! ma/] to :om !y belong$2 & p]sons atta*$ to ! ,hea!n temples 7 sometimes m>k$ 9 a simil> mann]2 ! wor%ipp]s ( ,bac*us1 = in/ance1 7 di/+ui%$ by ! m>k ( an ivy leaf4 7,see ,l[? 9 loco47 ,?is expla9s ! foll[+ v]se4 ,& "o %all say unto him1 ,:at are ^! m>ks 9 ?9e h&s8 ,!n %all he answ]1 ,^? ) :i* ,i 0 m>k$ 9 ! h\se ( my fri5ds4 ,?us seek+ to avoid ! suspicion atta*$ to ! m>ks ( ,paganism1 "u ! pretext ( _! be+ ! indication ( bondage or s]vitude4 ,b ?is evasion d5otes t ! abolition ( ,paganism 0 o/5sible only1 z x 0 /ill practis$ 9 secret4 ,9 reality ! advancem5t ( ,*ri/ianity to ! imp]ial ?rone1 in/ead ( promot+ ! s9c]e conv]sion ( ! ,pagans1 only s]v$ to complete :at _h already begun1 namely1 ! corruption ( ! ,*ri/ians2 ^: "* & conduct soon totally *ang$1 aft] ! road to ! acquisition ( weal? & p[] 0 op5$ to !m4 ,9 ! conte/s = ! atta9m5t ( ^!1 :i* soon arose1 7witness ! ,donati/ faction17 ! majority ( ,*ri/ians 9 a %ort "t lo/ sight ( ! _s ( _! religion2 :ile ! ranc\r & cruelty ) :i* diff]5t sects p]secut$ ea* o!r1 sprang f ! same s\rce1 or _! rival%ip 9 ! /ruggle = worldly p[]1 z ,mo%eim decl>es4 ,su* 0 ! spiritual sword :i* und]m9$ ,*ri/ianity1 & de/roy$ ! life :i* is 9 ,*ri/2 z next =etold4 ,awake1 ,o sword1 aga9/ my %eph]d1 & aga9/ ! man t is next unto me1 sai? ! ,"l ( ho/s4 ,smite ! %eph]d & ! %eep %all be scatt]$2 & ,i w turn m9e h& aga9/ ! little ones4 ,! sword is ! symbol ( /rife & discord1 w>r+ aga9/ & de/roy+ spiritual life1 or ! life 9 ,*ri/2 = he is ! %eph]d :o is smitt5 by ! sword1 ! p]son ( ,*ri/ be+ "h figuratively put = 8 doctr9e or religion2 ! corruption ( :i* is ?us =e%ewn by ! disp]sion & slaught] ( 8 flock4 ,! little ones signify ! new conv]ts1 :o are yet weak 9 _! fai? & pr9ciples2 & !nce m liable to be misl$4 ,& x %all come to pass t 9 all ! l&1 sai? ! ,"l1 two p>ts %all be cut (f1 & die2 b ! ?ird "p %all be left !re94 ,! hi/ory ( ! f\r? c5tury1 "h prophetically =e%ewn1 amply te/ifies1 t only ! small] numb] ( ,*ri/ians1 amid/ ! g5]al corruption1 resi/$ ! allurem5ts ( av>ice & ambition1 & reta9$ _! purity2 ^! hav+ imbib$ ! true _s ( ,*ri/'s religion1 z next decl>$4 ,& ,i w br+ ! ?ird "p ?r\gh ! fire1 & w ref9e !m z silv] is ref9$1 & w try !m z gold is tri$3 !y %all call on my "n1 & ,i w he> !m3 ,i w say1 ,x is my p2 & !y %all say1 ,! ,"l is my ,god4 ,x seems sc>cely possible to give a m unequivocal intimation ( ! spiritual import ( ! :ole1 z n allud+ to political ev5ts1 b z reg>d+ ! progress ( true religion1 ?an is conta9$ 9 ^? expressions ( ! la/ v]se1 :i* decl>e1 t ! supplications ( ! small] numb] w be (f]$ up 9 a mann] acceptable to ,god1 :o w he> & answ] !m4 ,! p>ticul> p]iod allud$ to1 is di/9ctly m>k$ by ! nom9al abolition ( idolatry1 & ! g5]al corruption ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! only difficulty1 h[ev]1 if !re be any1 reg>ds ! *ronological ord] ( ! ev5ts2 z ! prophecy seems to =etel ! entire abolition ( ,paganism1 :i* has c]ta9ly n yet tak5 place2 b ?is difficulty w be 9 a great measure remov$1 by suppos+ ! prophetic view to look =w>d f ! p>tial to ! total1 f ! nom9al to ! real ext9ction ( idolatry4 ,) respect to ! division ( ! flock into two p>ts1 x mu/ n be suppos$ t any di/9ction ( sects is "h allud$ to1 = no "o c\ld1 m ?an ano!r1 claim ! "* ( purity & hol9ess4 ,true ,*ri/ianity mu/ be s\ght = 9 ! he>t1 & n 9 ! outw>d =m ( wor%ip1 or pr(ession ( fai?4 ,,notes ,,to ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,v]se #e4 3 ,= a man taught me to keep cattle f my y\?4 ,p>khur/1 9 8 ,lexicon1 rem>ks ^u ?is passage1 z be+ /rangely translat$ 9 our v]sion2 :ile ,dr4 ,blayney agrees ) him 9 ! translation4 ,= a man b\ght me1 7,,or ,,obta9$ ,,possession ,,( ,,me17 f my y\?4 ,! ,jew1 :ile he acquiesces 9 ! s5se ( 7or 7 signify+ to appropriate1 cont5ds t 7or 7 does n mean m]ely a man1 b a husb&man1 or lab\r]1 & r5d]s x1 ,= a husb&man ,i 0 appropriat$ f my y\?4 ,b nei!r ! s5se nor ! grammatical con/ruction ?us appe>+ cle> to my appreh5sion1 z ! v]b is n 9 ! fir/1 b ! ?ird p]son ) ! suffix me1 aft] x2 ,i propose to reconcile bo? by r5d]+ ! passage ?us3 ,= a husb&man b\ght or appropriat$ me f my y\?4 ,b 9 fact ! diff]5ce is immat]ial1 z ! s5se1 9 :atev] way express$1 is1 ,= ,i 0 a f>m]'s s]vant1 & a bondsman f my y\?4 ,v]se #f4 3 ,:at are ^! w\nds 9 ?9e h&s8 c4 ,bo? ,l[? & ,blayney agree 9 reg>d+ ^! words z an allusion to ! cu/om ( ! idolatr\s prie/s & prophets1 ( m>k+ !mselves 9 ! h&s4 ,_! be+ *all5g$ z ! m>ks ( ,paganism1 is a suffici5t pro( ( _! be+ s1 & ,i h r5d]$ x accord+ly1 m>ks in/ead ( w\nds4 ,= if1 z ,blayney /ates1 !y 7 made by cutt+ & sla%+ !mselves1 /ill ! m>ks1 & n ! w\nds1 w\ld rema9 :5 heal$4 ,v]se #g4 3 ,awake1 ,o sword1 aga9/ my %eph]d1 & aga9/ ! man t is my fell[1 c4 ,9 suppos+ ^! words to h _h no direct ref]5ce to ! dea? ( ,*ri/ 9 _! orig9al int5tion1 not)/&+ _! appe>+ f ,/4 ,john's ,gospel to h be5 us$ by him1 9 =ew>n+ 8 disciples ( :at 0 ab\t to befal him1 ,i (f] no new op9ion1 = ,dr4 ,blayney decl>es himself fully p]suad$ t !y _h n2 & :at gives weight to ?is op9ion is1 t x mu/ h be5 f\nd$ on o!r gr\nds ?an ^? :i* h l$ me to t conclusion4 ,= z ,dr4 ,blayney _h n embrac$ ! spiritual view 9 exp\nd+ ! prophecy1 he c\ld n be l$ to ?is inf]5ce by ! same tra9 ( reason+ z myself4 ,! words1 7or 7 he r5d]s1 8,! man t is next to me10 :i* is c]ta9ly mu* ne>] to ! s5se ( ! orig9al ?an1 ,! man t is my fell[4 ,two p>ts %all be cut (1 & die4 ,an awful annunciation6 =etell+ ! spiritual dea? ( two-?irds ( ! nom9al ,*ri/ian _w4 ,! correspond+ passages 9 ! ,apocalypse pr$ict ! same ev5t1 & "o ( !m 9 /ill /rong] t]ms1 = x is said1 t 8,e liv+ s\l 9 ! sea di$40 ,lit]ally1 ?is passage _c be tak51 = lit]ally !re are no liv+ s\ls 9 ! sea4 ,! sea means ! ,g5tile nations1 or ,europe4 ,! life is life 9 ,*ri/4 ,! loss ( t life1 or spiritual dea? is ! loss ( true ,*ri/ianity3 "h ext5d+ ov] ! :ole sea1 or compris+ all ! ,g5tile conv]ts2 & ! p]iod ( ?is dea? is yet sc>cely elaps$1 beg9n+ ) ! d>k ages1 & cont9u+ to ! mill5ium4 ,:at6 is ,europe !n /ill1 or has x s lately be5 9 a /ate ( spiritual dea? or p]dition8 ,su* is ! language ( prophecy1 & its mean+ _c be expla9$ away or evad$4 8,e liv+ s\l 9 ! sea dies40 ,! life 9 ,*ri/ is ext9ct4 ,true ,*ri/ianity no long] rema9s4 ,w none !n be sav$8 ,?is ! prophecy no :]e says4 ,! ,gospel tea*es t _m may be sav$ :o nev] he>d ( ,*ri/4 ,are all ,mahomm$ans1 & !y execrate ! "n ( ,*ri/ian1 doom$ to p]i%8 ,no ,*ri/ian w surely ma9ta9 ?is1 & /ill less t all misguid$ ,*ri/ians are doom$ to p]dition4 ,b /ill ! life 9 ,*ri/ is lo/4 ,true ,*ri/ianity no long] prevails4 ,if !n1 )\t x1 m5 may be sav$1 :]e1 x may be ask$1 is ! use ( x8 ,i answ]1 9 e way1 & e :]e x is useful4 ,did true ,*ri/ianity prevail1 ! myriads might be sav$2 ! few only w\ld p]i%4 ,)\t x ! few only c be sav$1 ! _m are left to p]i%4 ,by ,*ri/ianity1 all are taught to live = ! next _w2 )\t x1 ! _m w live = ?is2 few are ^? t w ?9k ( ano!r4 ,*ri/ianity n only diffuses peace & happ9ess on e>?1 b fits e man = enjoy+ et]nal happ9ess h]eaft]4 ,su* is ! sav+ virtue ( ,*ri/'s religion1 9 af=d+ to all ! means ( atta9+ to et]nal life & et]nal happ9ess4 ,b to return to ! age 9 :i* we live1 or f :i* we are j em]g+4 ,?is p]iod is peculi>ly ! age ( infidelity--all ,europe be>s te/imony to ! fact4 ,b are !y :o pr(ess belief1 really ,*ri/ians8 ,look to conduct1 & n pr(ession = ! pro(4 ,is ?is _w1 or ! next1 ! object ( pursuit8 ,if consci5ce :isp]1 t we :o believe1 lack ! true _s2 h[ c we expect x 9 ^? :o disbelieve8 ,:]e !n 9 true ,*ri/ianity8 ,z ?is *apt]1 accord+ to ! ,rabbi's view1 rema9s unfulfill$1 s he (f]s no p>ticul> exposition ( x1 b limits 8 rem>ks to a few em5dations ( ! receiv$ translation4 ,( ^! ! only "o any way mat]ial to ! pres5t discussion is t on v]se #e1 :i* has be5 already /at$ 9 ! note on t v]se4 ,,ze*>iah ,,on ,,! ,,messiah',s ,,k+dom4 ,,int]pretation3 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,! corruption ( ,*ri/ianity1 z =etold 9 ! la/ *apt]1 is all[$ to h be5 ! means t prep>$ ! way = ^? ev5ts :i* are ann\nc$ at ! op5+ ( ! pres5t "o4 ,! ambition ( ! cl]gy1 & ! /ate ( ignorance 9 :i* !y purposely kept _! flocks1 _h completely succe$$1 be=e ! end ( ! six? c5tury1 9 subjugat+ ! m9ds ( ! p1 & 9 e/abli%+ ! supremacy ( ! prie/hood 9 ! we/ ( ,*ri/5dom1 :ile ! la/ ( ^! causes s]v$ to facilitate 9 ! ea/ ! success ( ! ,mahom$an impo/ure1 :i*1 z well z ,papacy1 0 an (fspr+ ( ! spuri\s =m ( religion !n prevail+ "u ! "n ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,^! two usurpations "u ! mask ( religion1 divid$1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5? c5tury1 :at _h once be5 ! ,*ri/ian _w1 betwe5 !m2 "o occupy+ ! we/]n half ( x1 & ! o!r ! ea/]n1 accord+ to our mode ( expression2 b z reg>ds ,pale/9e1 :]e ! ,prophet wrote1 ?is division is m accurately repres5t$1 z express$ 9 ! ,prophecy1 by nor!rn & s\!rn2 ! nor!rn half engross$ by ! ,greek & ,lat9 *ur*es1 :i* be+ ess5tially ( ! same nature1 are "h tak5 z "o2 :ile ,mahom$ism usurp$ ! place ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ! c\ntries ly+ = ! mo/ "p s\? ( ,pale/9e1 z ,arabia1 ,egypt1 ,india1 ,p]sia1 & o!rs4 7,see note on ?is47 ,su* are ! occurr5ces =e%ewn 9 ! op5+ ( ! pres5t *apt]2 :i* n[ does1 if x did n previ\sly1 decl>e ! capture & pillage ( ! holy city1 or ! loss ( ! spiritual ,j]usalem1 true religion2 ?is be+ foll[$ by a port5t awfully expressive ( ! ev5ts :i* succe$$ ?is loss1 namely1 ! cleav+ asund] ( ,m\nt ,olivet2 7a symbol = nom9al ,*ri/ianity1 ,m\nt ,zion signify+ true ,*ri/ianity1 ,m\nt ,s9ai ,judaism27 "o "p ( :i* moves nor?w>d1 & ! o!r s\?w>d1 leav+ a deep valley betwe5 !m = ! escape ( ^? :o are n involv$ 9 ?is spiritual captivity or de/ruction4 ,aft] ?is foll[s ! intimation ( a p]iod ( spiritual obscurity1 :i* is decl>$ to be nei!r day nor night1 nei!r cle> day-light1 nor utt] d>kness2 b on ! ev5+ ( t day1 light is said to dawn aga91 & liv+ wat]s once m to fl[ out ( ,j]usalem4 ,at l5g? ?is is to be succe$$ by ! re/oration ( ,israel1 & ! univ]sal e/abli%m5t ( true religion 9 ! new ,j]usalem4 ,:ile ! loss ( true religion is cle>ly =e%ewn 9 ! capture ( ! spiritual ,j]usalem1 ) :i* ?is *apt] comm5ces2 & :ile ! rise ( ,papacy & ,mahom$ism is =etold 9 ! cleav+ ( ,m\nt ,olivet2 ! ,*ri/ian w readily p]ceive1 9 ! day ( obscurity t foll[s1 ! d>k ages %ad[$ =?2 & 9 ! dawn ( light t breaks =? at ! ev5+ "t1 he w see intimation ( ! re/oration ( true religion at ! re=mation1 :5 liv+ wat]s aga9 beg9 to fl[ out ( ,j]usalem4 ,! conclusion ( ?is *apt]1 & ( ! ,prophecy1 decl>es ! f9al & complete e/abli%m5t ( ! ,messiah's k+dom2 t happy p]iod = :i* we are taught to pray 9 ! words1 8,?y k+dom come40 ,conc]n+ ! nature ( ?is k+dom1 ! ,jew n only diff]s f ! ,*ri/ian1 b ,*ri/ians also diff] f "o ano!r4 ,be=e ,i attempt to decide s difficult a "q1 ,i %all /ate ! prevail+ op9ions1 & :at ! prophets h said on ! subject4 ,! ,jews expect1 at ! com+ ( _! ,messiah1 ! e/abli%m5t ( _! political1 z well z _! spiritual supremacy ov] all ! e>?4 ,! ,*ri/ians reject all idea ( a political k+dom1 b diff] 9 _! views ( x z a spiritual "o4 ,"s und]/& x to signify ! univ]sal e/abli%m5t ( true ,*ri/ianity on e>?1 ) ! full enjoym5t ( all ! bless+s :i* x is calculat$ to af=d2 o!rs at ?is second adv5t1 look = ! p]sonal appe>ance ( ,*ri/ on e>?1 to reign ) ! sa9ts1 :o w be rais$ f ! dead1 to receive ! rew>d ( virtue 9 8 k+dom2 :ile _m reg>d 8 k+dom z signify+ a future /ate ( happ9ess1 hav+ no connexion :atev] ) ! e>? we n[ inhabit1 b to be enjoy$ 9 an et]nal abode1 ( :i* !y h an indef9ite idea z exi/+ some:]e above ! firmam5t4 ,?is la/1 :i* is p]haps ! mo/ popul> notion1 seems lea/ consonant to ,scripture & prophecy2 :i* di/9ctly speak ( a k+dom on e>?1 z x is und]/ood by ! ,jews2 ?\gh n necess>ily1 z !y suppose1 a political "o4 ,z ?is is ! *ief po9t on :i* ,i am at issue ) my oppon5t1 ,i %all pres5tly /ate ! mann] 9 :i* ?is city1 ! ,new ,j]usalem1 is spok5 ( by ,isaiah & ,/4 ,john4 ,b previ\sly ,i ?9k x "r to notice a fallacy 9 :at ,i take to be ! gr\nd on :i* ! popul> notion ( ?is k+dom re/s2 namely1 because ,/4 ,john 9 ! ,revelations gives intimation ( a resurrection prec$+1 or accompany+ its e/abli%m5t4 ,n[1 we h1 z ,i conceive1 no j gr\nd = assum+1 9 a vision1 e o!r "p ( :i* is figurative1 t ?is "p alone is to be und]/ood lit]ally4 ,:y1 ,i %\ld ask1 may n ?is resurrection1 l ! re/1 be also symbolical1 or signify reg5]ation to newness ( life8 :i* our ,savi\r express$ by be+ born aga92 t is1 a total *ange 9 our nature & habits1 su* z 0 produc$ 9 8 apo/les & disciples by ! gift ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,b ev5 admitt+ ! lit]al resurrection to be "h intimat$1 7& no ,*ri/ian c d\bt ! reality ( a resurrection17 yet ?is w\ld n be at all incompatible ) a future exi/5ce on e>?1 a light 9 :i* x is view$ by _m3 we %all !re=e inquire :at ! ,prophets h said t may ?r[ light on ! nature ( ?is k+dom on e>?4 ,bo? ,isaiah & ,/4 ,john1 9 speak+ ( ! ,new ,j]usalem1 use ! two-fold metaphor ( a ,city & a ,woman4 ,9 ,isaiah liv4 #aa1 et seq4 ?is city is repres5t$ z hav+ f\ndations ( sapphire1 w9d[s ( agate1 & gates ( c>buncle2 & ,/4 ,john1 ,rev4 xxi4 #af1 describes x z built entirely ( preci\s /ones1 hav+ twelve gates1 ea* ( "o solid pe>l1 & its /reets pav$ ) gold2 be+1 moreov]1 equal 9 all its dim5sions1 t is1 z broad z x is long1 & z high z x is wide1 to wit1 twelve ?\s& furlongs1 or fifte5 hundr$ miles4 ,?is is surely v unlike a lit]al city2 b ?is ,city %ortly becomes a ,woman1 9 ,/4 ,john1 & is /yl$ 8,! ,lamb's ,bride20 :ile ,isaiah1 us+ ! same *ange ( metaphor1 says1 8,= ?y ,mak] is ?y husb&40 ,if we n[ look to ! context 9 ,isaiah1 = ! purport ( ?is figurative language1 we %all f9d t he says1 *apt] liv4 #ad1 8,9 righte\sness %alt ?\ be e/abli%$20 & aga91 *apt] lx4 #ai1 8,b ?\ %alt call ?y walls salvation1 & ?y gates praise20 & f *ap4 lxi4 x appe>s ?r\gh\t1 t ?is description is int5d$ to portray ! p]fection ( righte\sness1 ! beauty ( hol9ess1 & ! ri*es ( grace2 ^! be+1 z decl>$1 ! ornam5ts de/9$ to adorn ! ,bride4 ,x is ) a robe ( righte\sness1 & a g>m5t ( salvation1 t %e w adorn h]self1 z ,isaiah expresses x1 *ap4 lxi4 #aj42 :ile ,/4 ,john ab\nds 9 simil> expressions2 ?us 9 ,rev4 xix4 #i1 speak+ ( ! ,bride's app>el1 he says1 8,= ! f9e l95 is ! righte\sness ( ! sa9ts20 & ( ! ,city1 :i* no?+ impure is p]mitt$ to ent]1 he says1 *ap4 xxi4 #bc-bg1 8,= ! glory ( ,god did light5 x1 & ! ,lamb 0 ! light !re(40 ,?us bo?1 "u ?is highly figurative description1 appe> to signify no lit]al city1 or political /ate1 b "o :i* is altoge!r spiritual2 t is1 ! utmo/ possible degree ( purity & hol9ess1 :i* w con/itute ?is heav5 ^u e>?2 ! ,new ,j]usalem4 ,?is *apt] op5s ) ! d5unciation ( div9e wra? ab\t to fall ^u mank9d on acc\nt ( ! corrupt /ate ( religion4 ,! expression us$ to =etel ?is1 belongs m peculi>ly to ! day ( judgm5t1 call$ ! day ( ! ,"l2 b is (t5 employ$ 9 prophetically =e%ew+ p>ticul> judgm5ts on ! _w1 z "h3 ,behold ! day ( ! ,"l come?1 & ?y spoil %all be divid$ 9 ! mid/ ( !e4 ,= ,i w ga!r all nations aga9/ ,j]usalem to battle1 & ! city %all be tak51 & ! h\ses rifl$1 & ! wom5 ravi%$1 & half ( ! city %all g =? into captivity1 & ! residue ( ! p %all n be cut (f f ! city4 ,! loss ( ! holy city1 & ! spiritual captivity ( half its inhabitants1 :i* is ! bondage ( s91 is ! p>ticul> calamity "h =etold2 & ?is is foll[$ by ! puni%m5t ( ^? :o 7 ! au?ors ( ?is evil1 ! enemies ( true religion1 :o w> aga9/ ,j]usalem4 ,!n %all ! ,"l g =?1 & fight aga9/ ^? nations1 z :5 he f\ght 9 ! day ( battle4 ,! nations mu/ signify "h1 z else:]e1 ! ,g5tiles1 or ,pagans1 ^: spiritual ho/ility aga9/ true religion 0 %ewn1 z be=e /at$1 by _! corrupt+ & paganis+ ,*ri/ianity2 :ile ! judgm5t d5\nc$ aga9/ !m consi/s 9 ,god's p]mitt+ ! rise ( ! two great ,anti*ri/ian usurpations1 ,papacy & ,mahom$ism4 ,"o1 ! man ( s91 spok5 ( by ,/4 ,paul1 7#a ,tim4 iv4 #a1 & #b ,!ss4 ii4 #c17 a spiritual tyranny1 enslav+ ! m9ds ( m52 & ! o!r1 ! abom9ation ( desolation1 m5tion$ by ,daniel1 *ap4 viii4 v]ses #aj-ab1 &1 z he expressly =etold1 p]mitt$ by reason ( transgression1 or z a judgm5t on ! _w1 its av[$ object be+ ! propagation ( religion by ! sword4 ,! division ( ! corrupt =m ( religion !n prevail+1 into ^! two ,anti*ri/ian apo/acies1 is ?us =e%ewn4 ,& 8 feet %all /& 9 t day ^u ! ,m\nt ( ,olives1 :i* is be=e ,j]usalem ^u ! ,ea/1 & ! ,m\nt ( ,olives %all cleave 9 ! mid/ !re( t[>d ! ,ea/1 & t[>d ! ,we/1 & !re %all be a great valley1 & half ( ! m\nta9 %all move t[>d ! ,nor?1 & half ( x t[>d ! ,s\?4 ,a m\nta91 mean+ a place ( em95ce or p[]1 9 spiritual language signifies religion2 ,m\nt ,s9ai1 f :i* ! ,mosaic law 0 deliv]$1 means ,judaism1 & is contra/$ 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 *ap4 xii4 #ah-bb1 ) ,*ri/ianity1 :i* is !re call$ ,m\nt ,zion1 & ! heav5ly ,j]usalem4 ,! ,m\nt ( ,olives is nei!r ( ^!1 b "h symbolical ( nom9al ,*ri/ianity1 de/9$ to be split asund]2 leav+1 h[ev]1 a valley betwe5 ! two p>ts = ! escape ( ^? n involv$ 9 ?is spiritual de/ruction2 f :i* may be inf]r$1 t true ,*ri/ianity w\ld n become utt]ly ext9ct4 ,& ye %all flee to ! valley ( ! m\nta9s1 = ! valley ( ! m\nta9s %all rea* unto ,azal3 yea1 ye %all flee l z ye fl$ 9 ! days ( ,uzziah1 k+ ( ,judah1 & ! ,"l my ,god %all come1 & all ! sa9ts ) !e4 ,! true ,*ri/ian is ?us admoni%$ to fly1 or avoid ! prevail+ apo/acies2 :ile div9e fav\r & protection are promis$ to ^? :o %un ! g5]al corruption4 ,f ! e/abli%m5t ( ^! two ,anti*ri/ian dom9ations1 a long day ( spiritual d>kness is decl>$ to foll[2 :i* 0 accompli%$ 9 ! reign ( ignorance & sup]/ition1 dur+ ! p]iod expressively d5om9at$ ! d>k ages4 ,) ,god a ?\s& ye>s are b z a day4 ,& x %all come to pass 9 t day1 t ! light %all n be cle> nor d>k2 ,b x %all be "o day1 :i* %all be kn[n to ! ,"l1 n day nor night1 b x %all come to pass1 t at ev5+ "t x %all be light4 ,9 ! return ( light at ! ev5+ "t ( t long day ( obscurity1 we see intimation ( ! revival ( true religion at ! re=mation2 :i* is /ill m cle>ly express$ z foll[s4 ,& x %all be 9 t day t liv+ wat]s %all g out f ,j]usalem1 half ( !m t[>d ! =m] sea1 & half ( !m t[>d ! h9d] sea2 9 summ] & 9 w9t] x %all be4 ,! =m] & ! h9d] sea1 or z ,dr4 ,blayney proposes to r5d] x1 ! ,ea/]n & ! ,we/]n ,sea1 may lit]ally signify ! ,dead ,sea & ! ,m$it]ranean2 b figuratively ! ,ea/]n & ,we/]n ,g5tiles1 :o w receive ! b5efit ( ! spiritual wat]s4 ,! expression1 9 summ] & 9 w9t] x %all be1 signifies lit]ally1 t !y %all nei!r be dri$ up by ! summ]'s heat1 nor congeal$ by ! cold ( w9t]2 b figuratively mu/ mean1 t ! purity ( religion %all n aga9 be corrupt$ by ! heat ( fanaticism on ! "o h&1 nor froz5 by ! cold ( infidelity on ! o!r4 ,! univ]sal preval5ce ( true religion is !n decl>$4 7,see note47 ,& ! ,"l %all be k+ ov] all ! e>?2 9 t day %all !re be "o ,"l1 & 8 "n "o4 ,! fulfilm5t ( :at n[ rema9s ( ! prophecy appe>s to be /ill future1 & consequ5tly x does n fall )9 ! limits ( our plan to attempt ! p>ticul> exposition ( ea* "p ( x2 b suffici5t1 x is hop$1 w be f\nd 9 :at is already accompli%$1 to conv9ce ! ,*ri/ian read] ( ! g5]al purport ( ! :ole2 & to w>rant ! /atem5t made at ! outset1 t ^! six *apt]s are n1 z =m] comm5tators h suppos$ !m to be1 a collection ( unconnect$ pr$ictions relat+ to diff]5t subjects1 b "o cont9u$ & un9t]rupt$ prophecy1 pres5t+ a view ( ! progress ( our religion1 f its promulgation to its f9al e/abli%m5t 9 purity & p]fection4 ,t ! evid5ce ( ?is w be suffici5t to conv9ce ! ,jew1 ,i am f> f expect+1 be+ well aw>e ( ! _m objections he has /ill to urge aga9/ our exposition ( prophecy1 aft] ^? :i* are "h pres5t$1 may h be5 remov$4 ,b x may possibly h "s weight ) him1 :5 he f9ds ^u exam9ation1 ! same view ( ! subject (f]$ by ,isaiah1 ,j]emiah1 ,ezekiel1 & o!rs2 :i* ! ,*ri/ian w f9d m circum/antially display$ 9 ! ,revelation ( ,/4 ,john4 ,9 fact1 my exposition ( ! ,apocalypse1 has furni%$ me ) ! clue to guide me ?r\gh all ! prophecies1 t relate to ! progress ( ! ,messiah's k+dom2 = ,i f9d t ea* succe$+ prophet has help$ to fill up ! outl9e giv5 by 8 pr$ecessors2 :ile ! picture is f9ally complet$ by ,/4 ,john1 ! la/ ( !m all4 ,b z a portrait is mo/ easily recognis$ :5 ! lik5ess is complete2 s ! prophecy la/ utt]$1 be+ mo/ p]fect1 is mo/ easily int]pret$1 & naturally becomes ! key to all ! o!rs2 t is1 ! la/ deliv]$ ought to be ! fir/ exp\nd$1 :i* is ! ord] ,i h pursu$4 ,z ,i h made no *ange 9 ! translation ( ?is *apt]1 few explanatory notes are requir$2 & ! ,rabbi's reply to ?is1 z to ! "o prec$+1 may be compris$ 9 ?is s+le objection2 t no "p has yet be5 lit]ally fulfill$1 su* be+ ! only fulfilm5t :i* he looks = or admits4 ,! impossibility ( a m lit]al fulfilm5t has be5 %ewn 9 _m places1 b especially at ! beg9n+ ( *apt] x42 & until ! ,jew answ]s ?is1 ,i mu/ consid]1 :at to me appe>s to be ! ma9 pill> ( 8 argum5t1 z fairly ov]?r[n4 ,& ! gr& "q1 :e!r ,*ri/ be ! ,messiah1 re/+ ^u ?is1 namely1 :e!r 8 k+dom be a spiritual or a temporal "o1 mu/ be decid$1 z reg>ds ! pres5t argum5t1 by %ew+ :e!r ! prophecies relat+ to x h reg>d to spiritual or temporal affairs4 ,_m :o object to ! spiritual view1 misconceive :at is meant by ! spiritual exposition2 & consid] x z sett+ aside altoge!r ! hi/orical fulfilm5t ( prophecy2 :]eas ! "q is simply betwe5 religion & politics1 betwe5 *ur* & /ate2 9 %ort1 :e!r ! spiritual or temporal hi/ory ( ! _w %\ld be look$ to1 = ! fulfilm5t ( ^? prophecies :i* =etel ! progress ( ,*ri/ianity1 or ! ,messiah's k+dom4 ,by direct+ _! view to temporal affairs1 ! able/ expositors h hi!rto discov]$ only an occasional allusion to ,*ri/ianity 9 a few v]ses ( p>ticul> *apt]s1 & 9 o!rs no allusion to x :atev]2 :]eas1 by adh]+ closely to ! spiritual view1 & und]/&+ ! prophecy z =etell+ ! progress ( true religion2 ! battles & conflicts =etold1 repres5t+ ! opposition :i* x has exp]i5c$1 & ! corruptions :i* x has und]gone f ! evil passions & worldly prop5sities ( man2 we h be5 enabl$ to %ew ! hi/orical fulfilm5t ( ! :ole2 n select+1 z o!rs h done1 p>ticul> passages1 b %ew+ t e *apt] & e v]se relates to ! same subject1 & ?is subject1 ! progress ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,,notes ,,to ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,v]4 #d4 ,half ( ! m\nta9 %all move t[>d ! nor?1 & half ( x t[>d ! s\?4 ,al?\gh ?is passage is left 9 ! text z x orig9ally /ood1 yet ! writ] ackn[l$ges a manife/ inadv]t5cy 9 suppos+ ! division "h spok5 ( into nor!rn & s\!rn to h ref]5ce to ! position ( ! prophet1 any m ?an to t ( ! read]2 ) nei!r ( :i* x has any connection4 ,x has be5 object$ by a judici\s fri5d ( ! au?or1 t ,mahomm$ism has prevail$1 & /ill does prevail 9 c\ntries ly+ nor? ( ,judea1 :]e ! prophet wrote4 ,! objection is p]fectly j1 n 0 x unp]ceiv$ by ! writ]1 ?\gh he did n at fir/ see h[ to remove x1 simple z is ! solution ( ! difficulty1 & /rik+ z !n appe>s ! fulfilm5t ( ! prophecy4 ,! solution is--t ?is division ( ! nom9al ,*ri/ian _w "h =etold1 into two gr& apo/acies1 ,anti-*ri/ianism & ,mahomm$ism1 :i* 7 de/9$ to occupy a position nor?w>d & s\?w>d1 _h no relation to ! prophet1 b simply to ea* o!r--t is1 !y 7 to be nor? & s\? ( ea* o!r4--,n[ let a l9e be drawn1 su* z might be expect$ f ! fracture ( a m\nta9 by an e>?quake1 ext5d+ f ! we/ ( ,europe to ! ea/ ( ,asia1 ov] a surface ( n less ?an #ahj degrees ( longitude1 & no :]e deviat+ m ?an #aj degrees ( latitude1 & we %all f9d ! ,greek & ,lat9 *ur*es occupy+ ! :ole portion ly+ to ! nor?1 :ile ,mahomm$ism engrosses all to ! s\?4 ,& we %all f9d ^? p>ts only ( ,europe cut (f :i* 7 pre-orda9$ to fall "u ! ,moslem yoke1 z ,spa91 ,sicily1 ,corsica1 & ,s>d9ia1 ,calabria1 ,greece1 & ,turkey 9 ,europe2 :ile ,russia =ms ! b\nd>y l9e f all ! ,mahomm$an nations ly+ to ! s\? ( x4 ,?is l9e w be compris$ betwe5 #dj & #ej deg4 ( nor4 lat4 ,?us s+ul>ly h ! words ( ! prophecy be5 accompli%$4 ,& ?us /rik+ly is ! w ( ,heav51 9 ! pre-ord9ation & disposal ( human ev5ts1 made manife/ to ! m9d ( man4 ,v]4 #h4 ,9 summ] & 9 w9t] x %all be4 ,c su* a /ate ( ! _w1 x may be ask$1 :i* %all be exempt f fanaticism on ! "o h&1 & f infidelity on ! o!r1 be br\ght ab\t )\t "s miracul\s int]position to alt] ! nature & con/itution ( ! human m9d8 ,& does x comport ) ! usual ord9ances ( ,provid5ce1 :o seems to effect 8 purposes by natural means1 to deviate 9 ?is in/ance1 f ! ord9>y c\rse ( nature8 ,x c]ta9ly does n appe> s2 & x w\ld1 no d\bt1 be m satisfactory1 & be m likely to obta9 belief1 if natural means c\ld be po9t$ out1 adequate to produce ?is m>vell\s *ange 9 ! /ate ( ! _w1 )\t call+ = ! necessity ( miracul\s int]position4 ,let u see !n--! mo/ f]tile s\rce ( infidelity w be f\nd 9 ! my/]ies & dogmata inv5t$ by prie/craft1 :i* reason revolts at & rejects4 ,are1 ^! !n1 ess5tial to true ,*ri/ianity8 is ! "q4 ,if n--& ,*ri/ ev] appeal$ to ! reason ( 8 he>]s1 advanc+ no?+ t reason c\ld ga9say--!n true ,*ri/ianity requires only to be taught1 & ,infidelity w h no gr\nd left to /& ^u4 ,) reg>d to fanaticism1 !re c be no d\bt t false ideas ( religion eng5d] ?is extreme2 ignorance1 enc\rag+ ! hopes ( a s5sual p>adise on ! "o h&2 & fe>1 inspir+ ! dread ( et]nal torm5ts on ! o!r1 z 9 ! ,mahomm$an & ,romi% *ur*es1 h be5 mo/ fruitful 9 produc+ ?is extravagance4 ,) j ideas ( religion & ! ,div9e b5efic5ce1 su* feel+s are incompatible4 ,a religion ( love1 & su* is ,*ri/ianity :5 ju/ly appreciat$1 c nev] lead to fanaticism4 ,we may love ,god ) all our he>t1 ) all our m9d1 ) all our s\l1 & ) all our /r5g?1 & x c nev] di/urb our reason1 or lead to any b ! happie/ & mo/ rational frame ( m9d4 ,?us1 ! dissem9ation ( true ,*ri/ianity1 ! j appreciation ( its precepts & _! fai?ful practice1 appe>s to furni% a rem$y adequate to ! removal ( bo? ^! evils1 )\t requir+ ! aid ( any miracul\s int]position to effect ?is purpose4 ,,! ,,mill5ium4 ,z ! view ( ,*ri/'s k+dom1 tak5 9 ! prec$+ exposition1 is t :i* reg>ds x z n only t /ate or condition ( man1 :i* is mo/ calculat$ to prep>e him =1 & enable him to atta9 et]nal happ9ess h]eaft]2 b also z t :i* is adapt$ to produce ! highe/ possible degree ( felicity "h on e>?1 x w be prop] to consid] a few ( ! argum5ts t may be br\ght = & aga9/ ?is view ( ! ,mill5ium1 & to /ate ! view itself m di/9ctly4 ,! happy /ate :i* ! _w may atta9 to1 "u ! univ]sal preval5ce ( true religion1 x is m easy to imag9e1 ?an to describe2 = a volume w\ld h>dly suffice to enum]ate all ! bless+s x is calculat$ to af=d4 ,! cessation ( =eign w>1 ) all ! mis]ies att5d+ x2 ! end ( all tyranny & oppression at home2 ( inju/ice & misrule1 are ! mo/ di/9ctly ann\nc$1 & _! b5efit p]haps ! mo/ obvi\s4 ,b _! influ5ce on society is limit$ 9 comp>ison ) ! wide diffusion ( happ9ess t w\ld ensue f ! improvem5t 9 private life1 & ! amelioration ( individual "*4 ,7 ! vices preval5t 9 ea* class ( society bani%$ f ! _w2 ambition & o/5tation f ! high]1 inord9ate love ( ga9 f ! middle & comm]cial1 idl5ess & improvid5ce f ! l[] class1 su* a *ange w\ld ensue1 t ! gold5 age ( ! poets w\ld be reviv$4 ,=tunes w\ld no long] be squ&]$1 & families be ru9$ by extravagance & dissipation2 gambl+ speculation1 extortion & *ican]y w\ld be unkn[n 9 trade2 pov]ty & di%one/y w\ld be bani%$ f ! work+ classes4 ,?us1 litigation & crime ceas+1 ! civil & crim9al code w\ld become a dead lett]1 & e man w\ld enjoy 9 security ! fruits ( 8 indu/ry2 :ile ! peace & h>mony ( families w\ld be insur$ by ! increas$ preval5ce ( k9dness & bro!rly love1 =be>ance & self-control1 *>ity & b5evol5ce1 ) o!r dome/ic virtues4 ,among ! bless+s promis$ 9 ?is /ate1 is increas$ l5g? ( life2 nor is ?is at all difficult to conceive or acc\nt =4 ,! torm5t+ passions ( ambition & av>ice subsid+2 ! m9d be+ no long] tortur$ by ! crav+s !y occasion1 nor ! _s brok5 by ! disappo9tm5ts t att5d !m2 ! con/itution be+ no long] worn out by ! toils & c>es !y give rise to1 ! l>g] portion ( diseases incid5tal to man1 7& m proce$ f ! m9d ?an ! body7 w\ld be prev5t$4 ,b ^? aris+ f bodily causes1 w\ld likewise = ! mo/ "p vani%1 f a prop] re/ra9t on ! indulg5ce ( ! passions & appetites4 ,nor is dim9ution ( disease ! only cause t w\ld l5g!n life4 ,! heal+ art be+ m zeal\sly /udi$1 & m consci5ti\sly practis$1 ) m reg>d = ! welf>e ( ! pati5t1 & less = ! emolum5t2 x is n unreasonable to suppose t great improvem5t w\ld take place 9 e bran* ( x4 ,& ?us ano!r s\rce w\ld be op5$ = produc+ increas$ l5g? ( days4 ,b ) ! moral & physical bless+s1 let n ! spiritual pass unnotic$4 ,et]nal life is ! rew>d promis$ to ^? :o /rive to obta9 x1 & r5d] !mselves wor?y ( x4 ,surely !n ! univ]sal preval5ce ( peace1 *>ity & good-w among mank9d is m likely to produce a fitness = ?is /ate1 ?an ! pres5t ord] ( ?+s4 ,?us our et]nal & our temporal int]e/s w\ld be alike promot$ by x4 ,! prophetic language1 suppos$ to =etel ?is /ate be+ metaphorical its mean+ may be que/ion$2 & x may be object$1 t reason & exp]i5ce are alike adv]se to ! supposition t ! _w w ev] be mat]ially diff]5t f :at x has be54 ,w\ld n ?is argum5t1 if urg$ two ?\s& ye>s ago1 h be5 !n deem$ conclusive aga9/ ! possibility ( ev5ts1 hav+ previ\sly no p>allel 9 ! hi/ory ( man1 :i* nev]!less did aft]w>ds take place4 ,t any consid]able body ( m5 %\ld be f\nd1 :o %\ld prove !mselves above ! allurem5ts ( ! _w2 despis+ weal? & hon\rs2 disreg>d+ e ?+ be=e held mo/ e/imable by mank9d2 & brav+ ignom9y1 tortures & dea?3--w\ld n ! argum5t1 t su* ?+s _h nev] be51 h be5 deem$ conclusive aga9/ ! supposition t !y ev] w\ld be8 ,& yet all ?is did occur 9 ! apo/olic age4 ,if ! pa/ !n af=d any presage = ! future1 x is n aga9/1 b 9 fav\r ( ! conclusion1 t :at has be51 may be aga94 ,p]haps x may be object$1 t ! purity & h]oic virtue ( ! apo/olic age 7 transi5t1 & c nev] be p]man5t2 !y 7 p>tial1 b c nev] be g5]al4 ,?is mode ( reason+ is p]haps less philosophical ?an x may at fir/ appe>4 ,:at has obta9$ among/ "o race ( m51 may obta9 among/ o!rs4 ,:at has cont9u$ = "o g5]ation1 may cont9ue = m4 ,! life ( man is no transi5t p]iod1 b to ea* individual ! longe/ p]iod possible4 ,a :ole race is n a p>tial1 b z reg>ds !m1 a g5]al preval5ce4 ,& if !re be any tru? 9 hi/ory1 ! pr9ciples & practices ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians p]vad$ _! :ole race1 & la/$ dur+ _! :ole lives4 ,true ,*ri/ianity has h[ev] vani%$1 x may be said2 & :at %\ld revive x8 ,! evil passions ( man h prevail$ aga9/ x2 & :y %\ld !y n aga98 ,i answ]2 ! same causes t produc$ x1 may revive x2 & ! p]man5cy ( ^? causes1 may r5d] x p]man5t4 ,conviction 0 ! cause t produc$ x2 t inw>d1 he>tfelt1 active conviction1 :i* nev] leaves ! m9d = a mom5t1 & admits no %ad[ ( d\bt2 n t in]t1 li/less1 passive =m ( belief1 :i* ass5ts1 x kn[s n :y2 & believes1 x kn[s n :at4 ,i h he>d a di/+ui%$ *ur*man affirm 8 p]suasion1 t ! mo/ preval5t evil 9 ! *ur* is infidelity4 ,i w\ld fa9 disbelieve x4 ,x surely is n t bold & op5 infidelity :i* d5ies reveal$ religion4 ,if x prevail at all1 x mu/ be t secret wav]+ prop5sity to d\bt1 apt to arise 9 m9ds n fully satisfi$ ( ! tru?1 & :i* feel regret t its evid5ce is n m conclusive4 ,?is may be1 & is mu* to be regrett$4 ,= su* belief c nev] produce effective influ5ce on ! life & conduct2 nor awak5 t impassion$ eloqu5ce 9 ! prea*]1 :i* animat$ ! fir/ tea*]s ( ,*ri/ianity1 & c>ri$ conviction to ! he>ts ( _! he>]s4 ,:5ce arises ?is /ate ( m9d8 ,are ! pro(s ( ,*ri/ianity !n inconclusive8 ,f> o!rwise4 ,?\gh its prophetic pro(s are clo!d 9 metaphor1 & require /udy to und]/& !m2 ?\gh its hi/ory is by no means free f contradictions2 ?\gh "t may h obscur$ "s passages1 & int]polation ?r[n a d\bt ^u o!rs2 yet is !re left suffici5t2 amply suffici5t to satisfy ! m9d ( any :o ?9k ! subject wor?y ( s]i\s exam9ation4 ,b "h is ! mis=tune4 ,mo/ m5 ?9k o!rwise4 ,! laity are too (t5 cont5t to take _! religion on tru/2 & ! cl]gy = ! mo/ "p want leisure = /udies t dem& s mu* "t & att5tion2 :ile _! foll[+ hi!rto 9 a beat5 track1 & pay+ undue def]5ce to ! au?ority ( ! ,masoretic punctuation1 h encumb]$ !m ) difficulties almo/ insurm\ntable4 ,h5ce x is1 t z f> z reg>ds ! prophetic evid5ce ( our religion--! elucidation ( t miracul\s te/imony to its tru?1 ! =ce ( :i* is ev] progressively increas+ & :i* alone c place u on an equal gr\nd ( belief ) ! fir/ ,*ri/ians1--! _w has rema9$ ne>ly /ation>y above a ?\s& ye>s4 ,( le>n+ !re has be5 no want2 ( tal5t abundance2 ( read+ no end2 b beyond v]bal criticisms1 ! settl+ ( d\btful words & passages1 = ! improvem5t ( ! text1 little has be5 done4 ,! g5]al scope1 z well z ! p>ticul> int]pretation ( ! ,old ,te/am5t prophecies1 ! ultimate evid5ce ( ,*ri/ianity1 has receiv$ little elucidation s9ce ! days ( ! ,apo/les4 ,"h is "o fruitful s\rce ( conviction yet unop5$4 ,:5 fully op5$1 f m p]fect conviction w fl[ m zeal 9 ! tea*+1 & m influ5ce on ! m9ds ( ! he>]s4 ,if x be d\bt$ :e!r ! mo/ p]fect religi\s in/ruction t c be giv51 or ! fulle/ conviction ( an endless futurity ( happ9ess or mis]y :5 impress$ on ! m9d1 c suffice to control ! passions & prop5sities ( man2 let ! effect ( tra9+ on ! brute creation be consid]$4 ,x w n surely be cont5d$1 t man has less p[] ( controll+ 8 prop5sities1 or is less capable ( culture ?an !y4 ,if !n we f9d t creatures ! mo/ opposite 9 disposition1 & suppos$ to be natural enemies1 may be tra9$ to live toge!r peaceably & amicably2 :at may n be expect$ f man1 hav+ moreov] ! aid ( reason to guide & assi/ him8 ,let adequate motives = controll+ 8 passions be furni%$2 let true ,*ri/ian pr9ciples be e>ly inculcat$2 let religion be m practical & less doctr9al2 let precept be en=c$ by example1 & !re is no?+ =etold 9 ?is new ord] ( ?+s t may n be accompli%$2 no?+ promis$ 9 x t may n be reasonably expect$4 ,,f9is4