,libr>ies47          ,a ,brief ,sket* ( 
! ,"w  (  ,,mat!w ,,fonta9e ,,maury     
,dur+ ! ,w> #ahfa-ahfe   ,,by ,,8 ,,son 
,,ri*>d ,l4 ,,maury  ,,ri*mond          
,ri*mond  ,,:ittet  ,,%epp]son  #aiae   
,,copyright$1 #aiae1 ,,by  ,,ka!r9e ,c4 
,,/iles     ,,introduction   ,:5 ,i took
 *>ge ( ! ,georgia ,room1 9 ! ,conf$]ate
 ,museum1 9 ,ri*mond1 ,virg9ia 9 #ahig1 
,i f\nd among ! ,de ,r5ne collection an 
engrav+ ( ! pleasant1 intellectual face 
( ,commodore ,mat!w ,fonta9e ,maury1 s  
,i w5t to 8 son1 ,colonel ,ri*>d ,l4    
,maury1 :o _h be5 ) 8 fa!r 9 all 8 "w   
"h1 & urg$ him to write ! hi/ory ( x1   
:ile memory1 pap]s & books c\ld be      
ref]r$ to2 ?is c>efully writt51 accurate
 pap] 0 ! result4  ,at "o "t1 :5        
,commodore ,maury 0 v sick1 he ask$ "o (
 8 daught]s to get ! ,bible & read to   
him4 ,%e *ose ,psalm #h1 ! eigh? v]se ( 
:i* speaks ( :atsoev] walke? ?r\gh !    
pa?s ( ! sea1 he repeat$ ! pa?s ( ! sea1
 ! pa?s ( ! sea1 if ,god says ! pa?s ( !
 sea1 !y are !re1 & if ,i ev] get out ( 

?is b$ ,i w f9d !m4  ,he did beg9 8 deep
 sea s\nd+s z soon z he 0 /rong en\gh1 &
 f\nd t two ridges ext5d$ f ! ,new ,york
 coa/ to ,engl&1 s he made *>ts = %ips  
to sail ov] "o pa? to ,engl& & return   
ov] ! o!r4  ,! proce$s f ! sale ( ?is   
little pamphlet w be us$ z ! beg9n+ ( a 
fund = ! erection ( a monum5t to        
,commodore ,maury 9 ,ri*mond4  ,,ka!r9e 
,c4 ,,/iles4     ,,torp$oes   ,torp$oes 
z effective weapons 9 actual w> 7 fir/  
utiliz$ by ! ,conf$]ate navy1 & ,capta9 
,mat!w ,f4 ,maury introduc$ !m into t   
s]vice1 & cont9ually improv$ & p]fect$  
_! use until !y _h become ! mighty eng9e
 ( mod]n w>f>e & revolutioniz$ ! art (  
coa/ & h>b\r def5se4 ,he1 x 01 :o 9     
#ahfa m9$ ,james ,riv]1 :o1 9 p]son     
comm&$ ! fir/ attack ) torp$oes ^u !    
,f$]al fleet 9 ,hampton ,roads1 & x 0 ! 
developm5t & improvem5t ( ?is plan (    
def5se :i* held ! enemy's %ips ?r\gh\t !
 ,s\? at bay1 & caus$ ! loss (          
fifty-eight ( ! %ips1 & ! ,secret>y ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates ,navy to report to        

,congress 9 #ahfe t ! ,conf$]ates _h    
de/roy$ ) _! torp$oes m vessels ?an 7   
lo/ f all o!r causes comb9$4 ,_! use 0  
soon ext5d$ f ,james ,riv] to ! o!r     
,s\!rn wat]s by elev5 "y naval (fic]s1  
active & al]t1 :o plant$1 direct$ &     
explod$ torp$oes :]ev] !re occurr$      
favorable opportunity1 & ) a d>+ &      
coolness nev] surpass$2 (fic]s ^:       
ability 0 abundantly %[n by ! rem>kable 
in]tness ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,navy aft] !y
 _h left t s]vice 9 response to ! call (
 _! ,/ates to come & help protect _!    
invasion4  ,h>dly _h ,capta9 ,maury     
arriv$ 9 ,ri*mond ?an 8 active m9d 0    
direct$ to ! problem ( protect+ ! ,s\!rn
 coa/s4 ,! ,s\? _h n a s+le vessel ( w>1
 & b scanty means ( mak+1 equipp+ or    
mann+ "o2 ! ,nor? _h all ! old navy     
fully arm$ & equipp$1 ) unlimit$ means =
 mak+ m4  ,p5etrat$ z ! c\ntry is by    
innum]able navigable wat]s1 & save at ! 
entrance ( a few ( h] l>ge/ riv]s1      
altoge!r un=tifi$1 he urg$ t ! only     
available def5se 0 to m9e ! *annel ways 

) torp$oes1 float+ & fix$1 :i* %\ld be  
explod$ by contact or by electricity1 :5
 ! enemy attempt$ to pass4 ,at t "t !re 
0 no?+ save a few %ore batt]ies to      
prev5t any %ip ^: capta9 0 bold en\gh to
 run pa/ _! fires f asc5d+ ,james ,riv] 
to ,ri*mond1 or f rea*+ any o!r m>itime 
t[n 9 ! ,s\?4 ,=tunately !re 7 b few    
bold en\gh = ! attempt4  ,9 ! beg9n+ !re
 0 mu* prejudice aga9/ ?is mode ( w>f>e1
 :i*1 not)/&+1 has s9ce1 "u ,capta9     
,maury's in/ruction1 become ! *ief      
reliance ( mo/ m>itime nations4 ,x 0    
consid]$ unciviliz$ w>f>e ?us to attack 
& de/roy an unsuspect+ enemy1 & ! ,unit$
 ,/ates1 & _m ( h] naval (fic]s 7       
specially l\d 9 _! d5unciations ( ^? :o 
resort$ to x4 ,!re 0 (ficial apa?y too1 
& opposition ( fri5ds1 b reg>dless (    
su*1 he proce$$ to exp]im5t &           
demon/rate1 & ) su* success t 9 "t !    
nations ( ,europe became 8 pupils1 & !re
 7 ho/s ( foll[]s & fell[-work]s at     
home1 & ! ,conf$]ate ,congress          
appropriat$ six millions ( doll>s =     

torp$oes4  ,8 initial exp]im5ts to      
explode m9ute *>ges ( p[d] "u wat]1 7   
made ) an ord9>y tub 9 8 *amb] at ! h\se
 ( 8 c\s91 ,rob]t ,h4 ,maury1 a few     
doors f ! ,museum 9 ,ri*mond1 ,va4 ,!   
tanks = actual use 7 made at ! ,tr$eg>  
,works1 & at ! works ( ,talbott & ,son  
on ,c>y ,/reet2 ! batt]ies 7 loan$ by ! 
,ri*mond ,m$ical ,college1 :i* also     
freely t5d]$ ! use ( its laboratory4 ,9 
! e>ly summ] ( #ahfa ! ,secret>y ( !    
,navy1 ! ,gov]nor ( ,virg9ia1 ! *airman 
( ! ,committee ( ,naval ,affairs1 & o!r 
prom95t (ficials 7 ask$ by him to       
witness a trial & an explosion (        
torp$oes 9 ,james ,riv] at ,rocketts4   
,! torp$oes 7 compos$ ( two small kegs (
 rifle p[d]1 weight$ to s9k a few feet  
bel[ ! surface4 ,!y 7 fitt$ ) hair      
trigg]s & friction prim]s1 & ?irty feet 
( lany>d atta*$ to ! trigg]s connect$ ! 
keys4 ,:5 9 use !y 7 to be set afloat 9 
! *annel way z ne> z possible to a      
vessel & to drift d[n ) ! curr5t until !
 connect+ lany>d f\l$ ! an*or *a91 or ! 

b[ ( ! vessel & ! kegs swung ar\nd aga9/
 h] side :5 ! tight5$ lany>d w\ld fire !
 trigg] & cause ! torp$o to explode4 ,s 
! ,patrick ,h5ry's gig 0 borr[$1 ) a    
c\ple ( sailors to pull1 & ! torp$o hav+
 be5 emb>k$1 ) ! trigg] at half-cock1   
,capta9 ,maury & ! writ] got on bo>d & 7
 r[$ out to ! buoy j opposite :]e !     
,james ,riv] ,/eamboat ,company's :>f n[
 is1 :]e ! invit$ spectators /ood to    
witness ! explosion4 ,! trigg]s 7 !n    
set1 ! kegs c>efully l[]$ into ! wat]1  
tak+ great c>e n to /ra9 ! lany>d1 all 0
 ca/ (f1 ! boat pull$ cle>1 & we wait$  
to see ! torp$o float d[n until ! buoy 0
 rea*$1 ! lany>d f\l /ra9 & explode !   
torp$o4 ,b !re 0 delay1 ! lany>d f\l$ ! 
buoy all "r1 ! kegs float$ pa/ & /ra9$ !
 lany>d1 b !re 0 no explosion4 ,impati5t
 we back$ wat] to ! buoy & ! writ] lean$
 ov] ! /]n & caught ! lany>d to give !  
necess>y pull1 b 9 ! v act ! explosion  
took place1 a column ( wat] w5t up tw5ty
 feet or m1 & desc5d+1 gave u a good    
wett+ & fill$ ! surr\nd+ wat] ) /unn$ & 

dead fi%4 ,! (ficials on ! :>f applaud$ 
& 7 conv9c$1 & t ! exp]im5ts might      
cont9ue ,gov]nor ,let*] loan$ p[]1 &    
%ortly aft] ! ,naval ,bureau ( ,coa/1   
,h>b\r1 & ,riv] ,def5se 0 organiz$ )    
ample funds = ! "w1 & ! v be/ (         
intellig5t & devot$ "y (fic]s z         
assi/ants & an (fice 0 op5$ 9 ,ri*mond  
at ! corn] ( ,n9? & ,bank ,/reets1 :]e  
,rueg]'s n[ is4  ,9 a few mon?s he _h   
m9$ ,james ,riv] ) fix$ torp$oes to be  
explod$ by electricity %\ld ! enemy     
attempt to pass1 & a means ?us indicat$ 
to protect ! city4 ,dur+ ! summ] & fall 
attacks 7 made ^u ! ,f$]al squadron at  
,=tress ,monroe1 "u ! p]sonal comm& (   
,capta9 ,maury f ,norfolk4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 
0 e>ly 9 ,july1 #ahfa1 f ,seawell's     
,po9t1 at ! m\? ( ! ,james ,riv]1 & 0   
direct$ aga9/ two ( ! fleet !re--!      
,m9nesota & ! ,roanoke4 ,friday &       
,saturday night he s5t an (fic] 9 a boat
 to reconnoitre1 b !re 0 a /eam picket  
on wat*1 ,sunday z he 0 spy+ !m ?r\gh a 
glass1 not+ _! relative positions1 he   

saw ! *ur* flag on two ( !m1 a :ite flag
 be>+ a cross display$1 fly+ j a little 
above ! %ip ensign4 ,:5 he ?\ght t ^? m5
 7 wor%ipp+ ,god 9 s9c]ity & tru?1 &1 no
 d\bt1 ?9k+ !mselves 9 ! l9e ( _! duty1 
he c\ld b feel = !m :5 he rememb]$ h[   
soon he might be ! means ( s5d+ _m ( !m 
into et]nity4 ,t night ! attack+ p>ty 9 
five boats set (f ab\t t5 o'clock4      
,capta9 ,maury 0 9 ! fir/ boat ) ! pilot
 & f\r o>s4 ,ea* ( ! o!rs mann$ by an   
(fic] & f\r m5 c>ri$ a magaz9e ) ?irty  
fa?oms ( rope atta*$4 ,^! magaz9es 7 oak
 casks ( p[d] ) a fuse 9 ea*4 ,two jo9$ 
by ! rope 7 /ret*+ across ! ebbtide & :5
 directly ahead ( ! %ips 7 let g1 &     
float+ d[n ! rope caught across ! cable1
 ! torp$o w\ld drift & ! %ip /ra9 !     
trigg]1 ignite ! fuse & explode4 ,!     
night 0 /ill1 calm1 cle>1 lovely4       
,?at*]'s comet 0 flam+ 9 ! sky4 ,we /e]$
 by x1 pull+ 9 ! plane ( its spl5did    
tra94 ,all ! noise & turmoil ( ! enemy's
 camp & fleet 0 hu%$4 ,!y _h no gu>d    
boats ( any k9d1 & z ) muffl$ o>s we    

ne>$ !m we he>d sev5 bells /rike4 ,aft] 
putt+ ! torp$oes "u "o %ip ! boats t    
c>ri$ !m w5t back1 & ,capta9 ,maury ) ! 
o!r two1 plant$ ! o!r torp$oes4 ,!y !n  
r[$ away & wait$1 b ! explosion did n   
come & ! enemy nev] knew ( ! attempt4   
,lieut4 ,r4 ,d4 ,m9or1 "o ( 8 skilful & 
d>+ assi/ants1 comm&$ ! second exp$ition
 :i* he ?us describes3  ,c4 ,s4 ,s4     
,patrick ,h5ry1  ,mulb]ry ,po9t1 ,octob]
 #aa?1 #ahfa4  ,sir1--,ow+ to an        
unexpect$ delay 9 ! completion ( !      
magaz9e ,i 0 unable to leave ,ri*mond   
be=e ! morn+ ( ! #i?1 & did n rea* ?is  
%ip until ye/]day ab\t #h ,a4,m4 :5 ,i  
laid y\r plan ( ! int5d$ attack on !    
,unit$ ,/ates %ips at an*or (f ,newport 
,news be=e ,comm&] ,tuck]1 :o )         
,lieut5ant ,p[ell1 ! executive (fic]1   
plac$ e facility at my disposal = c>ry+ 
x into execution4 ,act+ ,ma/] ,?omas ,l4
 ,dorn9 & ,mid%ipman ,alex&] ,m4 ,mason1
 hav+ volunte]$ to accompany me1 ! ev5+ 
0 pass$ 9 prep>+ ! magaz9e & 9 expla9+ 9
 detail to ! (fic]s ! mann] ( h&l+ &    

work+ !m4 ,9 fill+ ! tanks ,i f\nd t ,i 
w\ld h #cib p\nds to op]ate )1 in/ead ( 
#djj1 :i* ,i _h calculat$ ^u2 & to      
insure !m f s9k+ ,i _h "s cork atta*$ to
 ! buoys1 :i* subsequ5tly prov$ ( great 
advantage4 ,! day 0 a /ormy "o1 ) a fre%
 breeze f ! nor?w>d ) ra9 & mi/ well    
suit$ = our op]ations aga9/ ! enemy4    
,ab\t sunset ,comm&] ,tuck] got und]way 
f 8 an*orage (f ?is place1 & ) lights   
%ad$ /eam$ sl[ly d[n ! riv] on a /rong  
ebbtide till ! %ips 7 se5 ahead ( u1 :5 
we came to )9 a mile & a half ( ! po9t1 
dropp+ ! an*or ) a haws] b5t on to x to 
prev5t noise f ! rattl+ ( ! *a9s4 ,!    
boats 7 !n l[]$1 ! magaz9es c>efully    
slung1 buoys b5t on at int]vals ( sev5  
feet1 & :5 all 0 ready ! crews arm$ )   
cutlasses took _! places1 & 7 caution$ 9
 a few words by me to keep sil5t & obey 
implicitly ! (fic]s4 ,act+ ,ma/] ,dorn9 
) ,mid%ipman ,mason took ! left side ( !
 *annel1 :ile ,i took ! "r ) ,mr4 ,edw>d
 ,moore z boatswa9 ( ! %ip to pilot me4 
,pull+ d[n ! riv] "s #fjj or #gjj y>ds !

 boats 7 !n all[$ to drift ) ! rapid    
ebbtide1 :ile ! end ( ! cork l9e 0 pass$
 ov] to ,mr4 ,dorn91 & ! l9e tight5$ by 
! boats pull+ 9 opposite directions4 ,! 
buoys 7 !n ?r[n ov]bo>d1 ! gu>d l9es on 
! trigg]s cut1 ! lev]s fitt$ & p9n$1 !  
trip l9e made fa/ to ! bight at ! end ( 
! lev]1 ! safety screws remov$1 !       
magaz9e c>efully l[]$ 9 ! wat]1 :]e !y 7
 well support$ by ! buoys1 ! slack l9e  
7?ree fa?oms ( :i* 0 kept 9 h& = safety7
 ?r[n ov]bo>d1 & all set adrift )9 #hjj 
y>ds ( ! %ip1 & #djj y>ds ( ! batt]y on 
! bluff above ! po9t4 ,s ne> 7 we t     
voices 7 he>d on ! %ore & ,mr4 ,moore   
report$ a boat ab\t #ajj y>ds (f1 :i*1  
h[ev]1 ,i did n see1 be+ too mu* engag$ 
9 prep>+ ! magaz9e = its s]vice4 ,pull+ 
back a %ort di/ance & he>+ no explosion 
we return$ to ! %ip :i* we f\nd cle>$ = 
action & ready to cov] u 9 ev5t ( be+   
attack$1 & ! boats _h j be5 hoi/$ up :5 
signal lights 7 obs]v$ fla%+ 9 ! vic9ity
 ( ! po9t ) consid]able rapidity1       
indicat+ a suspicion on ! "p ( ! enemy t

 an attack ( "s k9d 0 int5d$4 ,leav+ our
 an*orage1 we /eam$ rapidly up ! riv] & 
took up our =m] position (f ?is place   
ab\t #ab3cj at night4 ,on go+ to !      
cros/rees ?is morn+ two %ips 7 se5 at   
an*or (f ! po9t1 & lat] 9 ! day :5 se5 f
 ,w>wick ,riv]1 :]e ,comm&] ,tuck] & ,i 
w5t to get a bett] view ( !m1 !y 7      
app>5tly unh>m$1 & ,i conclud$ t !      
magaz9e c\ld n h f\l$ !m1 ?\gh plant$   
fairly & 9 good drift+ di/ances & ) an  
int]val betwe5 ( "s #bjj feet1 p]haps   
some:at less z ! l9e became entangl$    
slightly :ile play+ out4  ,i h ?us      
m9utely describ$ to y1 sir1 ! :ole      
op]ation1 believ+1 z its orig9ator1 x   
w\ld be int]e/+ to y1 &1 p]haps1 s]ve z 
a guide 9 ! fur!r prosecution ( ?is mode
 ( w>f>e4  ,i beg leave to return my    
s9c]e ?anks to ,comm&] ,tuck]1          
,lieut5ant ,p[ell & o!r (fic]s & m5 ( ! 
,patrick ,h5ry1 = _! he>ty co-op]ation1 
& ,i p>ticul>ly desire to call y\r      
att5tion to ! coolness & brav]y ( act+  
,ma/] ,dorn9 & ,mid%ipman ,mason1 & !   

boat crews associat$ on duty ) me4  ,i  
am1 sir respectfully y\r ob$i5t s]vant1 
,r4 ,d4 ,,m9or1  ,lieut5ant ,c4 ,s4     
,navy4  ,comm&] ,m4 ,f4 ,maury1 ,c4 ,s4 
,navy1  ,fr$]icksburg1 ,va4  ,! torp$oes
 us$ by ,capta9 ,maury 9 8 attack ^u !  
,m9nesota1 at ,=tress ,monroe1 & by     
,lieut5ant ,m9or ^u ! ,congress1 (f     
,newport ,news1 7 z foll[s3 ,!y 7 9     
pairs connect$ by a span #ejj feet long4
 ,! span 0 float$ on ! surface by corks1
 & ! torp$o1 conta9+ #bjj p\nds ( p[d]1 
also float$ at a dep? ( tw5ty feet4     
,empty b>regas1 pa9t$ lead color1 s z n 
readily to be se51 s]v+ = ! purpose4  ,!
 span 0 connect$ ) a trigg] 9 ! head (  
ea* b>rel1 s set & arrang$ t :5 ! torp$o
 be+ let g 9 a tideway "u ! b[s & a?w>t 
! haws] _h f\l$1 !y w\ld be drift$      
alongside1 & s drift$ w\ld taut5 ! span 
& set (f ! fuse1 :i* 0 driv5 precisely z
 a t5 second %ot fuse1 only x 0         
calculat$ to burn fifty-f\r seconds1    
because x c\ld n be kn[n exactly 9 :i*  
"p ( ! sweep alongside ! /ra9 w\ld be   

suffici5t to set (f ! trigg]4 ,t !y did 
n explode 0 attribut$ to ! fact t ! fuse
 w\ld n burn "u a pressure ( tw5ty feet 
( wat]1 :i* conjecture 0 confirm$ by    
aft] exp]im5ts1 :5 x 0 f\nd t ! fuse    
w\ld v surely at a dep? ( fifte5 feet b 
nev] at tw5ty4 ,sometime aft] ^!        
torp$oes 7 f\nd d[n ! bay by ! enemy4   
,spans1 b>rels1 b>regas & c>ri$ to      
,wa%+ton--?us ! enemy =ew>n$1 =e/all$   
fur!r attempts ( ?is "* by dropp+ ! end 
( 8 l[] /udd+ sail boom 9 ! wat] e      
night1 & an*or+ boats1 or beams ahead4  
,to obta9 insulat$ wire1 ( :i* ! ,s\? _h
 none1 an ag5t 0 s5t secretly to ,new   
,york1 b )\t success1 & z !re 0 nei!r   
factory nor mat]ial = its manufacture 9 
! ,conf$]acy1 ! difficulties ( prep>+   
electrical torp$oes1 to :i* ,capta9     
,maury atta*$ ! mo/ importance & greatly
 pref]r$1 seem$ insup]able1 until by a  
rem>kable piece ( good =tune1 9 ! foll[+
 spr+1 x happ5$ t ! enemy1 attempt+ to  
lay across ,*esapeake ,bay 7 =c$ to     
ab&on ! attempt & left _! wire to ! m]cy

 ( ! waves1 :i* ca/ x ^u ! bea* ne>     
,norfolk1 :]e1 by ! k9dness ( a fri5d1 x
 0 secur$ = ,capta9 ,maury's use4 ,) "p 
( ?is he connect$ 8 m9es 9 ,james ,riv]1
 bel[ ! ob/ructions1 ) ! %ore /ations1  
:i* aft]w>d de/roy$ ! ,commodore ,b>ney1
 & lat] ! ,commodore ,jones1 & ) "p     
enabl$ o!r ,s\!rn ports to be simil>ly  
protect$4  ,( 8 ,james ,riv] torp$oes1  
,capta9 ,maury ?us report$ to !         
,secret>y ( ! ,navy3  ,ri*mond1 ,june   
#ai?1 #ahfb4  ,sir1--,! ,james ,riv] is 
m9$ ) fifte5 tanks bel[ ! ,iron ,batt]y 
at ,*aff9's ,bluff4 ,!y are to be       
explod$ by means ( ,electricity4 ,f\r ( 
! tanks conta9 #afj p\nds ( p[d]1 !     
elev5 o!r hold #gj p\nds4 ,all are made 
( boil] plate4  ,!y are arrang$ 9 r[s1 z
 p] diagram1 ^? ( ea* r[ be+ ?irty feet 
ap>t4 ,ea* tank is conta9$ 9 a          
wat]-tight wood5 cask1 capable ( float+ 
x1 b an*or$1 & held bel[ ! surface f    
?ree to eight feet1 accord+ to ! /ate ( 
! tide4 ,! an*or to ea* is an eighte5   
in* %ell & a piece ( k5tl$ge s plac$ z  

to prev5t ! b>rels f f\l+ ! buoy ropes  
at ! *ange ( ! tide4 ,ea* %ell ( a r[ is
 connect$ ) ! next "o to x by a /\t rope
 ?irty feet long1 & capable ( lift+ x 9 
case ! cask be c>ri$ away4 ,! casks are 
wat]-tight1 z are also ! tanks1 !       
electric cord ent]+ & return+ ?r\gh !   
same head4 ,! wire = ! return curr5t f !
 batt]y is pass$ f %ell to %ell & along 
! connect+ rope1 :i* lies at ! bottom4  
,! wire t passes f cask to cask is /opp$
 aslack to ! buoy rope f ! %ell up to ! 
cask to :i* x is securely seiz$1 to     
prev5t any /ra9 ^u t "p :i* ent]s !     
cask4 ,! return wire is /opp$ 9 l mann] 
d[n ! buoy ropes to ! %ell1 & !n along !
 span to ! next %ell4 ,at #d ! two cords
 are rapp$ toge!r1 load$ ) trace *a9s a 
fa?om ap>t & c>ri$ a%ore to ! galvanic  
batt]y4 ,= batt]ies we h #ba ,wolla/ons1
 ea* tr\gh conta9+ #ah pairs ( plates1  
z9c & wire1 #aj x #ab in*es4 ,! fir/    
range is call$ #a3 ! second #b3 ! ?ird  
#c1 & ! wires are s labell$4 ,?us all ( 
ea* range are explod$ at once4  ,besides

 ^! !re are two ranges ( two tanks ea*1 
plant$ opposite ! batt]y at ,*aff9's    
,bluff4 ,:5 !y 7 plant$ x 0 n kn[n t a  
batt]y 0 to be erect$ bel[4 ,^! f\r     
tanks conta9 ab\t #f1jjj p\nds ( p[d]4  
,! great fre%ets ( la/ mon? c>ri$ away !
 wires t 7 to op]ate ! fir/ pair4       
,lieut4 ,davidson1 :o1 ) ! ,teas] & h]  
crew1 has assi/$ me ) ! mo/ he>ty good  
w1 has dragg$ = ! tanks1 b )\t success1 
!y re/ on ! bottom4 ,c\ld !y be f\nd x 0
 my int5tion to raise ! f\r1 exam9e !m &
 if 9 good condition1 place !m l[] d[n4 
,lieut4 ,wm4 ,l4 ,maury1 assi/$ by ,act+
 ,ma/] ,w4 ,f4 ,c>t]1 & ,r4 ,roll9s1 0  
*>g$ ) ! duty ( prov+ ! tanks & pack+ !m
 9 casks4 ,!re are elev5 o!rs1 ea*      
conta9+ #gj p\nds ( p[d]4 ,:5 te/$ 9 !  
b>rels & f\nd ready = use1 !y w be held 
9 res]ve 9 case ( accid5t to ^? already 
d[n4 ,a l>g] numb] 0 n prep>$ = want (  
p[d]4 ,!re are a quantity ( admirably   
insulat$ wires1 a numb] ( %ells = an*or 
or torp$oes & a suffici5t quantity (    
*a9s = ! wires rema9+4 ,!y w be put 9 ! 

navy /ore = safe keep+4  ,! galvanic    
batt]ies1 viz43 #ba ,wolla/on & "o      
,cruick%ank 7! latt] loan$ by ,dr4      
,maup9 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,virg9ia71 )    
sp>e acids are at ,*aff9's ,bluff 9 *>ge
 ( ,act+ ,ma/] ,*e5ey4 ,he has also 9   
pigs a suffici5t quantity mix$ to "w !  
batt]ies1 & ready to be p\r$ 9 = use4   
,x is prop] t ,i %\ld m5tion to !       
dep>tm5t1 9 t]ms ( comm5dation ! ready &
 valuable assi/ance af=d$ by ,dr4       
,morris1 presid5t ( ! ,telegraph        
,company1 & 8 assi/ants1 especially ,mr4
 ,goldwell4  ,my duties 9 connection )  
^? batt]ies be+ ?us clos$1 ,i h ! honor 
to await y\r fur!r ord]s4               
,respectfully1 etc41  ,m4 ,f4 ,,maury1  
,comm&] ,c4 ,s4 ,navy4  ,hon4 ,s4 ,r4   
,mallory1  ,secret>y ( ! ,navy1 ,pres5t4
  ,%ortly aft]1 ,capta9 ,maury 0 ord]$  
to ,london on secret s]vice = ! ,navy   
,dep>tm5t1 & t he might avail himself ( 
laboratories & work%ops = exp]im5t &    
improvem5t ( 8 new sci5ce1 9 :i* he 0 n[
 reg>d$ z supreme au?ority4 ,he 0 to    

report progress & improvem5t 9 ?is new  
means ( mak+ successful w> f "t to "t to
 ! ,navy ,dep>tm5t1 :i* 0 con/antly done
 dur+ ! next two ye>s1 & ?us ! result ( 
8 lab\rs & inv5tions communicat$ to !   
(fic]s 9 *>ge ( ! torp$o /ations n[     
e/abli%$ along our ,atlantic ,coa/4 ,8  
devices & inv5tions1 :i* h n s9ce be5   
surpass$ & "s ( :i* are /ill 9 use1 _h  
ref]5ce *iefly to explod+ ! torp$o2 to  
det]m9+ ) c]ta9ty f a di/ance ! mom5t :5
 a %ip %\ld ent] )9 explosive range1 &  
at all times to te/ its condition & to  
v]ify its location4  ,lieut4 ,hunt]     
,davidson1 8 valu$ assi/ant1 succe$$ him
 9 *>ge ( ! ,james ,riv] batt]ies1 & 9  
"t ext5d$ ! m9es "s di/ance bel[4 ,dur+ 
! two ye>s :5 he 0 9 *>ge he plant$ _m  
electrical torp$oes 9 ! *annel ( ! riv]1
 to be fir$ f conceal$ /ations on %ore4 
,"s ( ^! conta9$ #a1hjj p\nds ( p[d]4   
,9 ,augu/1 #ahfb1 ! ,f$]al /eam]        
,commodore ,b>ney 0 badly disabl$ by "o 
( ^!1 & 9 #ahfd ! ,comm4 ,jones 0       
totally de/roy$1 ) ne>ly all on bo>d1 ! 

fir/ fruits ( ,maury's electrical torp$o
 def5se4 ,! fir/ vessel de/roy$ by a    
subm>9e torp$o 0 !                      
gunboat--ironclad--,cairo1 9 ! ,yazoo   
,riv]4 ,! torp$o 0 a demijohn ( p[d]    
enclos$ 9 a box sunk 9 ! riv] & fir$ by 
a /r+ f ! %ore4 ,lieut4 ,bev]ley ,k5non 
claim$ ! cr$it = ?is b ,ma/]s ,mc,daniel
 & ,ew+ did ! actual "w4  ,e>ly 9 #ahfd 
,davidson1 9 a /eam laun*1 specially    
con/ruct$ = him1 call$ ,! ,torp$o1 hav+ 
made #abj mile run d[n ,james ,riv]1 all
 )9 ! enemies' l9es1 explod$ a torp$o   
aga9/ ! flag%ip ,m9nesota1 at an*or (f  
,newport ,news4 ,! riv] sw>m$ ) !       
enemy's vessels1 & ! gu>d boat 0 ly+ by 
! ,m9nesota1 b h] capta9 _h all[$ 8 /eam
 to g d[n4 ,davidson hit ! great %ip    
full & fair1 caus+ great con/]nation on 
bo>d1 b ! torp$o *>ge 0 only fifty-?ree 
p\nds ( p[d] & x fail$ to break 9 h]    
sides1 al?\gh consid]able damage 0 done4
 ,davidson suff]$ no injury & return$ to
 ,ri*mond )\t incid5t4  ,on ,augu/ #i1  
#ahfd1 !re 0 a great explosion 9        

,grant's l9es at ,city ,po9t1 on !      
,james1 caus$ by a torp$o ) a clock     
atta*$ :i* caus$ x to explode at a giv5 
h\r4 ,) d>+ unexcell$ ,john ,maxwell &  
,r4 ,k4 ,dill>d1 ( ! torp$o corps1 made 
_! way into ! l9es1 c>ry+ ! ma*9e neatly
 box$ ) !m1 :i* ,maxwell h&$ abo>d "o ( 
! boats ly+ at ! :>f1 say+ t ! capta9 _h
 direct$ him to d s4 ,9 half an h\r !re 
0 a t]rible explosion1 kill+ & w\nd+    
fifty m5 & de/roy+ mu* prop]ty & _m     
/ores besides1 injur+ _m ne>by vessels1 
:i* brave ,john ,maxwell quietly        
witness$ seat$ ^u a log ^u a hillside   
close by4  ,lieut4 ,bev]ly ,k5non 0 also
 mo/ active 9 ?is sy/em ( def5se &      
p]sonally plant$ _m torp$oes 9 !        
,potomac1 ,rappahannock & ! ,james4 ,he 
& ,lieut4 ,j4 ,pembroke ,jones succe$$  
,lieut5ant ,davidson 9 *>ge ( ! torp$o  
def5se ( ! ,james4 ,a def5se 9 itself   
equival5t to a well appo9t$ fleet or    
army1 s9ce1 z is well kn[n1 x s]v$ to   
keep ! enemy out ( ,ri*mond till ! close
 ( ! w>1 & conv]t$ !m into e>ne/        

advocates ( its use4  ,g5]al ,ra9es1    
*ief ( ! ,army ,torp$o ,bureau1 _h e>ly 
adopt$ z ! be/ =m ( torp$o1 ! be] b>rel 
fill$ ) p[d] & fitt$ ) a p]cussion prim]
 at ea* end4 ,!y 7 set adrift 9 pairs   
d[n ! riv] by ! hundr$ to be c>ri$ by   
curr5t & tide aga9/ ! enemy's %ips bel[4
 ,?\gh _m necess>ily fail$ & drift$ out 
to sea1 if b a s+le "o 9 a great numb]  
succe$$ ! ,conf$]acy 0 well repaid4 ,at 
times z _m z a hundr$ a day 7 caught by 
! enemy's nett+ set out = t purpose 9 ! 
,james ,riv] alone4  ,capta9 ,francis   
,d4 ,lee1 ( ,g5]al ,beaureg>d's /aff1   
recomm5d$ ! sp> torp$o1 :i* 0 v         
successfully us$1 especially 9 ! wat]s  
ar\nd ,*>le/on4 ,x 0 a case to conta9   
sev5ty p\nds ( p[d] set on ! end ( a    
tw5ty foot sp> & rigg$ on ! b[ ( a boat4
 ,x 0 explod$ by contact on ! side ( !  
vessel attack$4  ,9 #ahfb ,dr4 ,/4      
,juli5 ,rav5al1 ,mr4 ,!odore ,/oney &   
o!r g5tlem5 ( ,*>le/on1 aft]            
consultation ) ,capta9 ,maury1 design$ &
 _h con/ruct$ a semi-subm>9e torp$o     

boat1 ! fir/ ( its type4 ,x 0 call$ !   
,david1 = x 0 int5d$ to attack ! ,golia?
 ( ! f$]al blockad+ fleet4 ,aft] its    
rem>kable exp]i5ce & success1 its "n 0  
us$ z ! "n = its type & ! ,conf$]acy _h 
_m ,davids on ! /ock :5 ! w> end$4 ,x 0 
cig> %ap$1 tw5ty feet long1 five 9      
diamet] at ! c5t]4 ,! boil] 0 =w>d1 !   
m9iature eng9e aft1 & betwe5 !m a cuddy 
hole = capta9 & crew4 ,! torp$o 0 c>ri$ 
on a sp> protrud+ fifte5 feet f ! b[1 & 
c\ld be rais$ or l[]$ by a l9e pass+    
back into ! cuddy hole4 ,x 0 ( copp]    
conta9+ #ajj p\nds ( rifle p[d] &       
provid$ ) f\r s5sitive tubes ( lead1    
conta9+ explosive mixture4 ,a two blad$ 
propellor drove ! craft at a six or sev5
 knot rate4 ,:5 ready = action ! boat 0 
s well subm]g$ t no?+ 0 visible save !  
/unt smoke-/ack1 ! hat* comb+s & !      
/an*ion1 ^u :i* ! torp$o l9e 0 br\ght   
aft4 ,! torp$o 0 subm]g$ ab\t six feet4 
,lieut5ant ,w4 ,t4 ,glassel1 ( !        
,conf$]ate ,navy ( ,virg9ia1 "o ( !     
brave/ ( ! brave1 volunte]$ to take *>ge

 ( h]4 ,he says ,assi/ant ,eng9e] ,j4   
,h4 ,toombs volunte]$ 8 s]vices1 ,major 
,frank ,lee gave me 8 zeal\s s]vice 9   
fitt+ a torp$o4 ,james ,/u>t1 or        
,sullivan1 volunte]$ to g z fireman1 & !
 s]vices ( ,j4 ,w4 ,cannon z pilot 7    
secur$4 ,i _h an armam5t on deck ( f\r  
d\ble-b>rel %otguns1 & z _m navy        
revolv]s2 also f\r cork life pres]v]s _h
 be5 ?r[n on bo>d to make u feel safe4  
,on ! fif? ( ,octob]1 #ahfc1 !y left    
,*>le/on a little aft] d>k1 b\nd = !    
f$]al fleet outside1 & especially = !   
,new ,ironsides1 ! mo/ p[]ful %ip       
afloat4 ,he ?us graphically describes   
:at occurr$3 ,we pass$ ,=t ,sumt] &     
beyond ! l9e ( picket boats )\t be+     
discov]$4 ,sil5tly /eam+ along j inside 
! b>1 ,i _h a good opportunity to       
reconnoit] ! :ole fleet at an*or betwe5 
me & ! camp fires on ,morris ,isl&4  ,! 
admiral's %ip1 ',new ,ironsides1' lay 9 
! mid/ ( ! fleet1 h] />bo>d side pres5t$
 to my view1 ,i det]m9$ to pay h] !     
highe/ complim5t4 ,i _h be5 in=m$ ?r\gh 

prison]s lately captur$ f ! fleet1 t !y 
7 expect+ an attack f torp$o boats & 7  
prep>$ = x4 ,i c\ld h>dly1 !re=e1 expect
 to accompli% my object )\t enc\nt]+ "s 
dang] f riflem51 &1 p]haps1 a dis*>ge ( 
grape or cani/] f ! h[itz]s4 ,my guns 7 
load$ ) buck%ots4 ,i knew t if ! (fic] (
 ! deck c\ld be disabl$ to beg9 )1 x    
w\ld cause !m "s confusion1 & increase  
our *ance ( escape1 s ,i det]m9$ t if ! 
occasion (f]$ ,i w\ld comm5ce by fir+ ! 
fir/ %ot4 ,accord+ly1 hav+ on a full    
head ( /eam1 ,i took *>ge ( ! helm1 x   
be+ s arrang$ t ,i c\ld sit on ! deck1 &
 "w ! :eel ) my feet4 ,!n direct+ !     
eng9e] & fireman to keep bel[1 & give me
 all ! spe$ possible1 ,i gave a         
d\ble-b>rel gun to ! pilot1 )           
in/ructions n to fire until ,i %\ld d s1
 & /e]$ directly = ! monitor4 ,i int5d$ 
to /rike h] j "u ! gangway1 b ! tide    
/ill runn+ out c>ri$ u to a po9t ne>] ! 
qu>t]4 ,?us we rapidly approa*$ ! enemy4
 ,:5 )9 #cjj y>ds ( h] a s5t9el hail$ u4
 ,boat ahoy6 repeat+ ! hail sev]al times

 v rapidly4 ,we 7 com+ t[>d !m ) all    
spe$ & ,i made no answ] b cock$ bo?     
b>rels ( my gun4 ,! (fic] ( ! deck next 
made 8 appe>ance & l\dly dem&$1 ',:at   
boat is t4' ,be+ n[ )9 =ty y>ds ( ! %ip 
& ) pl5ty ( head way to c>ry me on1 ,i  
?\ght x ab\t "t ! fight %\ld comm5ce &  
fir$ my gun4 ,! (fic] ( ! deck fell back
 mortally w\nd$ 7poor fell[71 & ,i ord]$
 ! eng9e /opp$4 ,! next mom5t ! torp$o  
/ruck ! vessel & explod$4 ,:at am\nt (  
direct damage ! enemy receiv$ ,i w n    
attempt to say4 ,my little boat plung$  
viol5tly & a l>ge body ( wat]1 :i* _h   
be5 ?r[n up1 desc5d$ ^u h] deck1 & d[n !
 smoke-/ack & hat*way4  ,i imm$iately   
gave ord]s to rev]se ! eng9e & back (f4 
,mr4 ,toombs in=m$ me !n t ! fires 7 put
 out1 & some?+ _h be5 jamm$ 9 ! ma*9]y1 
s t x w\ld n move4 ,:at c\ld be done 9  
?is situation8 ,9 ! meantime ! enemy1   
recov]+ f ! %ock1 beat to qu>t]s & g5]al
 al>m spread ?r\gh ! fleet4 ,i told my  
m5 ,i ?\ght our only *ance ( escape 0 by
 swimm+ & ,i ?9k ,i told ,mr4 ,toombs to

 cut ! wat] pipes & let ! boat s9k4 ,!n 
tak+ "o ( ! cork floats ,i got into !   
wat] & swam (f z fa/ z ,i c\ld4  ,!     
enemy 9 no amiable mood p\r$ d[n ^u !   
bubbl+ wat] a hail/orm ( rifle & pi/ol  
%ots f ! deck ( ! ',ironsides1' & f !   
ne>e/ monitor4 ,sometimes !y /ruck v    
close to my head1 b swimm+ = life ,i    
soon disappe>$ f sight & f\nd myself    
alone 9 ! wat]4 ,i hop$ t ) ! assi/ance 
( ! flood tide ,i might be able to rea* 
,=t ,sumt]1 b a nor? w9d 0 aga9/ me1 &  
aft] ,i _h be5 9 ! wat] m ?an an h\r ,i 
became numb ) cold & 0 ne>ly exhau/$4 ,j
 !n ! boat ( a transport s*oon] pick$ me
 up & f\nd to _! surprise t !y _h       
captur$ a 'rebel4' ,i 0 h&$ ov] next    
morn+ to ! m]cy ( ,admiral ,dahlgr51 :o 
ord]$ me to be put 9 irons1 & if        
ob/rep]\s1 9 d\ble irons4 ,:5 on !      
flag%ip ,i le>n$ t my fireman _h clung  
to h] rudd] *a9s & be5 tak5 on bo>d4    
,eng9e] ,toombs />t$ to swim t[>ds !    
',monitor1' ) ! int5tion ( cat*+ h]     
*a9s1 b *ang$ 8 m9d :5 he saw t !       

',david' 0 afloat1 & _h drift$ away f ! 
frigate4 ,swimm+ to h] he f\nd ,pilot   
,cannon1 :o n be+ able to swim1 :5 !    
fires 7 ext+ui%$ jump$ ov]bo>d & clung  
to ! unexpos$ side ( ! ',david4' ,aft]  
drift+ ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile he got back
 on bo>d & see+ some?+ 9 ! wat] he hail$
 & he>d1 to 8 surprise1 a reply f       
,toombs1 :o soon got on bo>d4 ,f9d+ !   
boat un9jur$1 ?\gh a bull's eye cante5  
af=d$ a m>k to ! ,f$]al cannone]1 !y    
fix$ ! eng9e1 />t$ up ! fires1 got up   
/eam & />t$ back to ,*>le/on1 rea*+ !   
,atlantic dock ab\t midnight4  ,z !     
result ( ?is mo/ d>+ feat x 0 f\nd t !  
torp$o _h explod$ "u ?ree feet ( wat] & 
aga9/ f\r & "o-half in*es ( arm\r1 &    
tw5ty-sev5 in*es ( wood back+4 ,!       
pond]\s %ip 0 %ak5 f /em to /]n1 & 0    
dock$ = repairs until ! attack on ,=t   
,fi%]1 :ile ! ,david & h] crew 7        
un9jur$4 ,capta9 ,r[an report$ t ! %ip 0
 v s]i\sly injur$ & ought to be s5t home
 = repairs1 & ,admiral ,dahlgr5 in=m$ ! 
,secret>y ( ! ,navy t1 ,among ! _m      

inv5tions ) :i* ,i h be5 famili>1 ,i h  
se5 none t act$ s p]fectly at fir/      
trial4 ,! secrecy1 rapidity ( movem5t1  
control ( direction & precise explosion1
 indicate1 ,i ?9k1 ! introduction ( !   
torp$o elem5t z a means ( c]ta9 w>f>e4  
,x c be ignor$ no long]4 ,if sixty p\nds
 ( p[d] :y n #fjj1 & ! ,secret>y ( !    
,conf$]ate ,navy report$3 ,on ! ev5+ ( !
 #e? ( ,octob] ,lieut5ant ,w4 ,t4       
,glassell1 9 *>ge ( ! torp$o boat1      
,david1 ) ,assi/ant ,eng9e] ,tomb1      
,pilot ,walk] ,cannon1 & ,seaman ,james 
,sullivan1 left ,*>le/on to attempt !   
de/ruction ( ! enemy's %ip1 ',new       
,ironsides4' ,pass+ undiscov]$ ?r\gh !  
enemy's fleet1 he 0 hail$ by ! wat* z he
 approa*$ ! %ip & answ]+ ! hail ) a %ot1
 he da%$ 8 boat aga9/ h] & explod$ !    
torp$o "u h] bilge4 ,! fires 7 ext+ui%$1
 & ! boat 0 ne>ly swamp$ by ! concussion
 & ! desc5d+ wat]1 & ,lieut5ant         
,glassell & ,sullivan1 suppos+ h] to be 
lo/ swam (f & 7 pick$ up by ! enemy4    
,eng9e] ,tomb & ,pilot ,cannon succe$$ 9

 rea*+ ,*>le/on ) ! boat4  ,al?\gh      
,lieut5ant ,glassell fail$ to accompli% 
8 *ief object1 x is believ$ t he        
inflict$ s]i\s injury ^u ! ',ironsides1'
 :ile 8 unsurpass$ d>+ mu/ be productive
 ( an important moral influ5ce1 z well  
^u ! enemy z ^u our own naval =ce4  ,!  
annals ( naval w>f>e record few         
ent]prises :i* exhibit m /rik+ly ?an ?is
 ( ,lieut5ant ,glassell ! highe/        
qualities ( a sea (fic]4  ,at ?is "t !re
 7 sixty (fic]s & m5 on torp$o duty at  
,*>le/on alone4  ,! mo/ rem>kable c>e] 9
 all torp$o hi/ory 0 t ( a little boat  
built 9 ,mobile ,bay1 & op]at$ ^u !     
fleet (f ,*>le/on4 ,%e 0 ! pione] ( all 
subm>9e torp$o boats1 z %e 0 ! fir/ to  
a*ieve success4  ,%e 0 built 9 #ahfc-d  
at ,mobile by ,mr4 ,horace ,l4 ,hundley1
 at 8 own exp5se4 ,%e 0 made ( boil]    
plate1 0 %ap$ l a fi% tw5ty-f\r feet    
long1 five feet deep1 ?ree feet wide2 %e
 _h f9s on ea* side1 rais$ or depress$ f
 ! int]ior2 h] motive p[] 0 a small     
propell] work$ by manual p[] ( h] crew  

seat$ on ea* side ( ! %aft2 %e 0 provid$
 ) tanks :i* c\ld be fill$ or empiti$ ( 
wat] to increase or dimi% h]            
displacem5t2 b _h no provision = air    
/orage4 ,! capta9 /ood 9 a circul>      
hat*way well =w>d & /e]$ ! boat1 &      
regulat$ ! dep? at :i* %e %\ld proce$4  
,:5 %e div$ all 0 made tight until %e   
rose aga94 ,%e _h no v5tilation4 ,%e 0  
design$ to t[ a torp$o a/]n1 dive "u !  
vessel attack$1 dragg+ ! torp$o aft]2 %e
 w\ld !n rise to ! surface on ! o!r     
side1 :5 ! torp$o w\ld explode by       
contact ) ! bottom ( ! vessel1 & !      
torp$o boat make (f 9 ! d>kness &       
confusion4 ,g5]al ,maury /ates t on h]  
trial trip1 :i* he saw1 %e t[$ a float+ 
torp$o1 div$ "u a %ip1 dragg+ ! torp$o1 
:i* fairly explod$ "u ! %ip's bottom1 & 
blew ! fragm5ts "o hundr$ feet into !   
air2 & t n be+ able to use h] 9 ,mobile1
 he s5t h]1 & h] crew to ,*>le/on4 ,x is
 said t dur+ ano!r trial 9 ,mobile %e   
sank & all on bo>d p]i%$ be=e %e 0      
rais$4  ,lieut5ant ,payne1 ( ! ,navy1   

volunte]s to take h] out1 & secur$ a    
volunte] crew ( sailors4 ,%e 0 nam$ !   
,h4 ,l4 ,hundley4 ,:ile ti$ to ! :>f at 
,=t ,john/on1 :5ce x 0 to />t at night  
to make ! attack1 a /eam] pass+ close   
by1 fill$ & sank x1 dr[n+ all h&s save  
,payne1 :o 0 at ! "t /&+ 9 "o ( !       
manholes4 ,%e 0 promptly rais$1 b 0 aga9
 sunk1 ?is "t at ,=t ,sumt] :>f1 :5 six 
m5 7 dr[n$1 ,payne & two o!rs escap+4   
,:5 %e 0 br\ght to ! surface aga94      
,mc,kinley & a tra9$ crew came f        
,mobile1 br++ ) him ,lieut5ant ,dixon1 (
 ! ,tw5ty-fir/ ,alabama ,infantry1 to   
fight ! boat4 ,he made repeat$ desc5ts 9
 ! h>b\r1 div+ "u ! receiv+ %ip aga9 &  
aga9 successfully4 ,b "o day1 :5 ,dixon 
0 abs5t f ! city1 ,mr4 ,hundley1 wi%+ to
 h&le ! boat himself1 un=tunately made !
 attempt2 x 0 readily subm]g$ b did n   
rise aga9 & all on bo>d p]i%$1 f        
asphyxiation4 ,:5 ! boat 0 discov]$1    
rais$ & op5$ ! spectacle 0 indescribably
 gha/ly1 ! un=tunate m5 7 contort$ into 
all k9ds ( attitudes horrible to see2 "s

 clut*+ c&les1 evid5tly endeav\r+ to =ce
 op5 ! manholes2 o!rs ly+ on ! bottom   
tightly grappl$ toge!r2 & ! black5$     
faces ( all pres5t$ ! expression ( _!   
agony & despair4  ,! ,hundley _h ?us co/
 ! lives ( ?irty-?ree brave m51 b       
nev]!less1 !re 7 /ill f\nd volunte]s to 
risk !irs = _! c\ntry--& ,lieut5ant     
,dixon f\nd no difficulty 9 enli/+ eight
 m h]oes to attack ! ,f$]al /eam sloop (
 w>1 ,h\satonic1 a p[]ful new vessel (  
elev5 guns1 ly+ on ! nor? *annel1       
opposite ,bea* ,inlet1 (f ,*>le/on4     
,g5]al ,beaureg>d _h refus$ to let x be 
us$ aga91 b ,lieut5ant ,dixon1 hav+     
und]tak5 to use ! boat ) a sp> torp$o 9 
! same mann] z ! ,david1 cons5t 0 giv5 &
 prep>ations = ! attack 7 aga9 made4    
,dixon 0 a ,k5tuckian & 0 mov$ by !     
highe/ pr9ciple & patriotism 9 mak+ ?is 
v5ture4 ,he _h tak5 an active "p 9 !    
con/ruction ( ! vessel1 & _h caus$ o!r  
m5 to p]i% 9 h] by dang]s he _h n %>$1  
n[ bravely dem&$ ?is opportunity4 ,8    
crew 7 ,arnold ,beck]1 ,c4 ,simpk9s1    

,james ,a4 ,wick1 ,t4 ,coll9s & ----    
,ridgeway1 ( ! ,navy1 & ,corporal ,j4   
,f4 ,c>lson1 ( ! artill]y4 ,all knew !  
fe>ful risk !y ran--& all 7 will+ to    
sacrifice _! lives = _! c\ntry1 c\nt+ ! 
co/ z no?+ if !reby !y c\ld procure !   
de/ruction ( ! ,h\satonic4  ,ev]y?+ be+ 
ready at twilight on ! #ag? ( ,febru>y1 
#ahfd1 ^! devot$ h]oes took _! places 9 
! boat at ,sullivan's ,isl&1 & set (f ^u
 _! p]il\s adv5ture4 ,?is "t %e got away
 successfully1 b t is ! la/ t we he> (  
h] save ! (ficial report f ! enemy1 t   
ab\t #i o'clock an object l a plank 0   
se5 approa*+1 :i* 9 a mom5t m /ruck !   
%ip ) a great explosion1 bl[+ up ! aft] 
"p ( ! %ip1 caus+ h] to s9k imm$iately  
to ! bottom1 dr[n+ five m5 & injur+ _m  
m4  ,! ,hundley 0 nev] he>d ( aga9 till 
sev]al ye>s aft] ! w>1 div]s s5t d[n to 
wreck ! ,h\satonic1 f\nd h] little      
antagoni/ ly+ on ! bottom ne> by4       
,admiral ,dahlgr5 report$ to ! ,secret>y
 ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,navy1 z foll[s3  ,sir1 ,i 
mu* regret to in=m ! ,dep>tm5t t ! ,u4  

,s4 ,s4 ,h\satonic1 on ! blockade (f    
,*>le/on1 ,s4 ,c41 0 torp$o$ by a rebel 
,david & sunk on ! night ( ,febru>y     
#ag?1 ab\t #i o'clock4  ,f ! "t ! ,david
 0 se5 until ! vessel 0 on ! bottom1 a v
 brief p]iod mu/ h elaps$1 z f> z !     
executive (fic] c judge1 x did n exce$  
five or sev5 m9utes4  ,! (fic] ( ! deck 
p]ceiv$ a mov+ object on ! wat] q ne> & 
ord]$ ! *a9 to be slipp$3 ! capta9 & !  
executive (fic] w5t on deck1 saw !      
object1 & ea* fir$ at x ) a small arm4  
,9 an in/ant ! %ip 0 /ruck on ! />bo>d  
side betwe5 ! ma9 & mizz5 ma/s4 ,^? on  
deck ne> 7 /unn$1 ! vessel began to s9k1
 & w5t d[n almo/ imm$iately4  ,!        
,dep>tm5t w readily p]ceive !           
consequ5ces likely to result f ?is ev5t3
 ! :ole l9e ( blockade w be infe/$ ) ^! 
*eap1 conv5i5t & =midable def5ses1 & we 
mu/ gu>d e po9t4 ,! measures ( prev5tion
 are n s obvi\s4 ,i am incl9$ to !      
belief t 9 addition ! v>i\s devices =   
keep+ ! torp$oes f ! vessels1 an        
effectual prev5tion may be f\nd 9 ! use 

( simil> contrivances4 99 99 99  ,i h   
atta*$ m importance to ! use ( torp$oes 
?an o!rs h done1 & believe !m to        
con/itute ! mo/ =midable ( !            
difficulties 9 ! way to ,*>le/on4 ,_!   
effect on ! ,ironsides 9 ,octob]1 & n[  
on ! ,h\satonic1 su/a9s me 9 ! idea4 ,& 
!reupon he makes application to be      
furni%$ a numb] ( torp$o boats made ^u !
 model ( ! ,david1 a sket* ( :i* is     
submitt$1 & also a quantity ( float+    
torp$oes1 & sugge/s t z he has in=mation
 t ! ,conf$]ates h a numb] ( ,davids    
complet$ & 9 an advanc$ /ate (          
con/ruction1 ! ,dep>tm5t w\ld d well to 
(f] a l>ge rew>d ( prize money = !      
capture or de/ruction ( any ( !m1 say   
#bj1jjj or #cj1jjj = ea*1 add+1 !y are  
wor? m ?an t to u4  ,ab\t ! same "t     
,admiral ,f>ragut1 :o _h little fai? 9  
torp$oes at fir/1 & :o l o!r naval      
(fic]s _h d5\nc$ _! use by !            
,conf$]ates1 & ord]$ t no qu>t] %\ld be 
%[n ^? captur$ op]at+ !m1 also appli$ to
 be furni%$ !m1 say+1 ,torp$oes are n s 

v agreeable :5 us$ on bo? sides1 !re=e1 
,i h reluctantly br\ght myself to x4 ,i 
h always deem$ x unwor?y ( a *ivalr\s   
nation1 b x does n d to give y\r enemy  
su* a decid$ sup]iority ov]4 ,& !       
,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :o _h      
savagely d5\nc$ ! ,conf$]ates = us+ !m1 
n[ invit$ plans f inv5tors & me*anics = 
_! con/ruction1 & op]ation1 & soon      
suppli$ !m abundantly to ,army &        
,navy--adopt+ g5]ally ! ,conf$]ates z ! 
be/4  ,9 ,augu/1 #ahfd1 ! ,f$]al fleet  
advanc$ ^u ,=t ,morgan at ! entrance (  
,mobile ,bay1 ! l9e be+ l$ by ,tecumseh1
 ! newe/ & mo/ p[]ful ( ! enemy's       
ironclads1 :i* 0 completely de/roy$ by a
 torp$o plant$ "u ! direction ( ,g5]al  
,ra9es1 ,*ief ( ! ,conf$]ate ,army      
,torp$o ,bureau4 ,%e sunk 9 a mom5t1    
c>ry+ d[n ) h] h] entire crew ( "o      
hundr$ & =ty s\ls1 save ab\t fifte5 or  
tw5ty :o escap$ by swimm+ to ,=t        
,morgan4  ,?is 0 ! greate/ a*ievem5t ( a
 s+le torp$o dur+ our w> & s]v$ to      
/imulate ! ,conf$]ate au?orities to     

r5ew$ vig\r4 ,!nce=w>d1 ! ,bay ( ,mobile
 & adjac5t wat]s became ! *ief sc5es (  
torp$o op]ation4 ,g5l4 ,maury /at$ t he 
_h caus$ to be plac$ #ahj 9 h] *annel & 
wat]ways1 t !y held ! p[]ful fleet (    
,admiral ,f>ragut = t5 mon?s at bay1 &  
de/roy$ fully a doz5 ,unit$ ,/ates      
vessels1 ( :i* six 7 gunboats & f\r 7   
monitors4 ,regul> torp$o /ations 7      
e/abli%$ 9 ,ri*mond1 ,wilm+ton1         
,*>le/on1 ,savannah & ,mobile1 at :i*   
sixty naval (fic]s & m5 7 on duty1      
prep>+ ^! new eng9es ( w>4 ,!           
*annel-ways1 riv]s & h>b\rs 7 protect$  
by !m f ,virg9ia to ,texas4 ,sometimes a
 hundr$ 7 tak5 out ( ,james ,riv] 9 a   
s+le day1 & :5 ! ,s\!rn seaports fell   
hundr$s ( torp$oes 7 f\nd float+ 9 _!   
wat]s ready to explode ^u ! fir/        
contact4 ,at fir/ ! old] ,conf$]ate     
(fic]s :o reg>d$ !m ) disfav\r1 z       
,capta9 ,wm4 ,h4 ,p>k] says he did1 7 n[
 torp$o mad4 ,commodore ,tuck] & ,i1 he 
said1 _h torp$o on ! bra91 & !          
de/ruction ( ! enemy's vessels increas$ 

s rapidly t 9 ! la/ t5 mon?s ( ! w> =ty 
or fifty 7 bl[n up1 & 9 ! la/ ?ree weeks
 t5 or m 7 de/roy$4 ,its possibilities  
became bett] & bett] appreciat$ e day4  
,?9k ( ! de/ruction ?is ma*9e affect$1 &
 be> 9 m9d its use came to be fairly    
und]/ood only dur+ ! la/ "p ( ! w>4     
,dur+ t p]iod1 :5 b few ,f$]al vessels 7
 lo/ & few] /ill sev]ely damag$ by ! mo/
 p[]ful guns 9 use1 we f9d ?is long l9e 
( disa/]s f ! ,conf$]ate use ( ?is new &
 9 ! beg9n+ despis$ com] into ! ar5a (  
naval w>f>e4 ,our successes h made !    
torp$o a "n spok5 ( ) loa?+ & contempt  
by ! self-suffici5t ,yankee1 a recogniz$
 factor 9 mod]n naval w>f>e1 & n[ we see
 on all sides ! greate/ activity & g5ius
 9 improv+ x4  ,! wond]ful inv5tive     
g5ius & en]getic action ( ! ,conf$]ate  
(fic]s1 & eng9e]s a/\nd$ ! _w by _!     
a*ievem5ts 9 ! unkn[n & untri$ sci5ce 9 
naval w>f>e4 ,!y n only made x mo/      
effective = sea coa/ & h>b\r def5ce1 b  
t]rible z an ag5cy ( attack on ho/ile   
%ips ( w>4 ,n only t1 b !y br\ght !     

sy/em to su* a high /ate ( p]fection t  
little or no advance or improvem5t has  
s9ce be5 made 9 x1 & )9 a %ort p]iod ( !
 inception ( ! design a sy/em 0 =m$ s   
p]fect & complete z t ! advance ^u !    
wat] by ! enemy 0 mat]ially *eck$4 ,!y  
/>tl$ naval con/ructors & (fic]s 9 !    
civiliz$ _w by ! rapidity1 audacity &   
novelty ( _! orig9al me?ods1 & w be kn[n
 ?r\gh all ages = _! wond]ful           
a*ievem5ts4 ,maury1 ,bu*anan1 ,brook1   
,jones & _! assi/ants are ! c5tral      
figures ar\nd :i* revolve to ! pres5t   
day ! *anges f ! old to ! new 9 naval   
w>f>e4  ,meantime ,capta9 ,maury 0 mo/  
dilig5tly employ$ 9 ,london1 "u ! ord] (
 ! ,navy ,dep>tm5t 9 develop+ & improv+ 
8 sy/em1 af=d$ by ! work%ops &          
laboratories !re = exp]im5t &           
con/ruction4 ,"h he cont9u$ dur+ #ahfc &
 #ahfd1 pursu+ ^! rese>*es1 p]fect+ _m  
valuable inv5tions1 & in/rum5ts ) signal
 success4 ,he report$ to ! ,secret>y ( !
 ,navy at home1 s f> z x 0 safe to d s1 
by :om results 7 pass$ on to (fic]s 9   

*>ge = _! in/ruction & guidance & %ipp+ 
cont9u\sly to ! dep>tm5t supplies (     
insulat$ wire1 explod]s1 & o!r inv5tions
 & devices ^: object 0 to increase !    
de/ructiv5ess ( ! torp$o & to te/ x     
cont9ually )\t remov+ x4 ,9 ! spr+ (    
#ahfe1 he sail$ = ,galve/on ) ! mo/     
p[]ful & p]fect equipm5t ( electric     
torp$o mat]ial ev] assembl$4 ,great     
results 7 confid5tly expect$ f ?is      
armam5t1 b be=e he rea*$ ,havana news   
arriv$ ( ,g5]al ,lee's surr5d]4  ,b 8   
exp]i5ce & /udy & 8 sci5tific r5[n _h n[
 made him ! lead+ au?ority 9 ?is new    
weapon ( w> ma9ly p]fect$ by him4 ,he 0 
also n[ reliev$ f ! seal ( secrecy      
hi!rto impos$ ^u him1 s t :5 a ye>      
aft]w>ds he return$ to ,europe he felt  
himself at lib]ty to imp>t to ! sov]eign
 !re ! secret ( 8 discov]ies conc]n+ 8  
new made sci5ce4 ,mo/ ( ! ,european p[]s
 s5t repres5tatives to 8 s*ool (        
in/ruction--& all ( !m h built ^u 8     
beg9n+s1 ! mo/ p[]ful bran* ( _! naval  
armam5ts4  ,to ,france he fir/ imp>t$ 8 

secret & ! ,emp]or witness$ ! exp]im5t &
 himself clos$ ! circuit & explod$ a    
torp$o plac$ 9 ! ,se9e1 ne> ,/4 ,cl\d1  
to ! p]fect satisfaction ( all4 ,russia1
 ,sw$51 ,holl&1 ,engl& & o!rs soon also 
receiv$ 8 in/ructions & !y1 too1 h s9ce 
built up a new me?od ( def5ce second to 
none4  ,my own exp]im5ts1 ,capta9 ,maury
 says1 %[ t ! electrical torp$o1 or m9e 
has n hi!rto be5 prop]ly appreciat$ z a 
means ( def5ce 9 w>4 ,x is z effective =
 ! def5ce z ironclads & rifl$ guns are =
 ! attack4 ,inde$1 su* is ! progress    
made 9 :at may be call$ ?is new         
,dep>tm5t ( ,milit>y ,eng9e]+ t ,i feel 
ju/ifi$ 9 ! op9ion t h]eaft] 9 all plans
 = coa/1 h>b\r & riv] def5ces & 9 all   
works = ! protection ( cities & places  
:e!r aga9/ attacks by armies on l& or   
%ips afloat1 ! electrical torp$o is to  
play an important "p4 ,x w n only modify
 & /r5g!n exi/+ plans1 b greatly r$uce !
 exp5se ( future sy/ems4  ,^! exp]im5ts 
h result$ 9 "s important improvem5ts &  
contrivances1 n to say inv5tions &      

discov]ies :i* z yet h be5 made kn[n    
only to ! ,conf$]ate ,gov]nm5t4 ,!y are 
*iefly z foll[s3  ,fir/4 ,a plan =      
det]m9+ by cross be>+ :5 ! enemy is 9 ! 
field ( de/ruction1 & = mak+ connections
 among ! torp$o wires 9 a c]ta9 way & by
 :i* 7! concurr5ce ( two op]ators7      
becomes necess>y = ! explosion ( any "o 
or m torp$oes4 ,?is plan requires ea*   
op]ator to be s plac$1 or /ation$ t a   
l9e drawn /raight f !m to ! place ( !   
torp$oes may int]sect z ne>ly z         
practicable at "r angles1 & x requires !
 connections to be su* t ea* op]ator may
 put 8 /ation 9 or out ( circuit at w4  
,:5 ! torp$oes are laid1 a range f ea*  
/ation is e/abli%$ = e torp$o or gr\p ( 
torp$oes4 ,:5 ei!r op]ator obs]ves an   
enemy 9 range ) any torp$o he closes 8  
circuit = t torp$o4 ,if ! enemy be=e    
gett+ out ( ?is range %\ld ent] ! range 
= any torp$o f ! o!r /ation ! op]ator !n
 closes 8 circuit1 & dis*>ges ! ignit+  
sp>k4  ,consequ5tly if ! range belongs  
to ! same torp$o its explosion takes    

place4 ,b if n !re w be no explosion2   
h5ce1 "h is an artifice by :i* explosion
 becomes impossible :5 ! enemy is n )9 !
 field ( de/ruction1 & sure :5 %e is4   
,second4 ,! ,electrical ,gauge1 a       
contrivance ( my own1 by means ( :i* "o 
( ! te/s :i* ! ignit+ fuse has to und]go
 be=e x is accept$1 is appli$4 ,by means
 ( x ! op]ators c telegraph ?r\gh ! fuse
 to ea* o!r )\t risk to ! torp$oes1 & by
 :i* ! torp$oes1 may )\t detrim5t to _! 
explosibility be te/$ daily1 or z (t5 z 
requir$4 ,& ?us ! op]ator c at all times
 make sure t all is "r4  ,?ird4 ,a plan 
= plant+ torp$oes :]e ! wat] is too deep
 = !m to lie on ! bottom & explode )    
effect1 by :i* !y w n int]f]e ) !       
navigation ( ! *annel1 & by :i* :5 !    
enemy makes 8 appe>ance !y may1 by ! t\*
 ( a key be br\ght in/antly into !      
requir$ position & at ! prop] dep?4  ,^!
 contrivances are all v simple2 !y are  
readily und]/ood f v]bal in/ruction1 !y 
require nei!r models or draw+s1 & enable
 ! op]ator *iefly to use ! self same    

wire = te/+ 8 torp$oes daily aft] !y are
 plant$1 & !n to explode !m at w4  ,?\gh
 ^! torp$oes1 ow+ to ! lack 9 !         
,conf$]acy ( ! prop] mat]ials &         
appliances = _! con/ruction & use1 7    
make-%ifts1 yet s effective _h _! use   
become1 especially dur+ ! la/ ye> ( !   
w>1 t ! ,secret>y ( ! ,am]ican ,navy1 9 
8 annual report ( ,decemb]1 #ahfe1 to ! 
,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ?us        
te/ifies to _! effici5cy3 ,torp$oes     
always =midable 9 h>b\rs & int]nal      
wat]s1 h be5 m de/ructive to our naval  
vessels ?an all o!r means comb9$4  ,s9ce
 #ahfb1 f9d+ myself 9 rea* ( !          
facilities af=d$ 9 ,engl&1 ,i h made !  
/udy ( ,electrical torp$oes a specialty1
 & ! results are su*1 to say ! lea/1 z  
to %[ t x is capable ( do+ q z mu* = !  
def5ce z ironclads & rifl$ guns are     
likely to d = ! attack4  ,^! results    
consi/ 9 improvem5ts & discov]ies :i*   
enable ! adept 9 t new dep>tm5t (       
milit>y eng9e]+ to explode 8 torp$oes   
:e!r buri$ on l& or subm]g$ 9 ! wat]1   

s+ly or 9 gr\ps1 in/ante\sly & at any   
di/ance to transmit ?r\gh !m )\t ! risk 
( explosion1 ord]s & comm&s1 & z readily
 z ?r\gh ! ord9>y l9e ( telegraph4 ,to  
det]m9e ) un]r+ c]ta9ty :5 ! enemy is 9 
! field ( de/ruction ( ?is or t torp$o4 
,to r5d] its explosion impossible1      
unless he be 9 su* field1 ev5 ?\gh !    
ignit+ sp>k %\ld be dis*>g$2 & s to set 
an electrical curr5t to wat* x1 z to    
make ! injur+ ( x )\t 8 k impossible1 & 
! removal ( x by an enemy1 if n         
impossible1 extremely difficult &       
dang]\s4  ,electrical torp$oes are also 
available = ! def5se ( m\nta9 passes1   
roadways & =tifi$ positions on l&4  ,i  
am n aw>e t electricity 0 us$ at all 9 !
 ,conf$]ate w> = spr++ m9es on l&4 ,%ell
 ca/ = ?is purpose %\ld be us$ b 9 an   
em]g5cy1 t9 cani/]s1 or o!r p]fectly    
wat]-tight cases1 w answ]4 ,^! %ells    
%\ld be "o-f\r? ( an in* ?ick to "o in*1
 accord+ to size & probable h&l+ 9      
transportation4 ,!y %\ld be sph]ical    
only in/ead ( a hole = ! fuse z 9 a     

holl[ %ot !y %\ld h a neck l a bottle1 )
 a cap to screw ov]1 n 9 ! neck4 ,! case
 %\ld be *>g$ ?r\gh ! neck1 & ! wires   
let 9 ?r\gh two holes c\nt] sunk        
diametrically opposite1 ! c\nt] s9k+ be+
 = ! purpose ( receiv+ pit* or o!r      
res9\s matt]1 to keep ! wat] out4 ,!    
fuse be+ adju/$ to ! wires %\ld be held 
9 place by a /r+ ?r\gh ! neck :ile !    
wires drawn out taut & seal$ )9 & )\t4  
,hav+ prov$ ! fuse1 fir/ fill & !n drive
 9 ! peg4 ,!n fill ! space betwe5 x & ! 
screw-cap ) r$ lead & screw d[n s z to  
make wat]-tight4 ,n[ secure ! tails ( ! 
wires s t !y w n be *af$ or bruis$1 & ! 
m9e is ready = transportation4  ,!y are 
g5]al to be us$ 9 /one f\gasses1 ! wire 
be+ buri$ at conv5i5t dep?s & all m>ks (
 f\gasses & tr5*es remov$ z completely z
 possible4 ,any numb] n exce$+          
tw5ty-five or ?irty may be arrang$ 9 a  
s+le circuit = ! ,ebonite2 b if !       
magnetic explod] ( ,:eat/one be pref]r$1
 & ! gr\nd be p]fectly dry1 hundr$s may 
be plant$ 9 a latt] circuit4  ,! op]ator

 may be at any di/ance f ^! primas :5 he
 explodes !m1 provid$ only he has       
e/abli%$ "s m>k or po9t :i* on be+ se5  
by ! enemy %\ld s]ve z a signal4 ,! area
 ( de/ruction ( f\gasses prop]ly        
con/ruct$ ) a *>ge ( tw5ty or ?irty     
p\nds ( p[d] may be assum$ to be t ( a  
circle sev5ty-five or eighty y>ds 9     
diamet]4 ,tw5ty m9es w\ld !re=e s]ve = a
 mile4 ,sev]al miles may be plant$ 9 a  
night & ! assailants may be entic$1 or  
invit$ out 9 ! morn+4 ,passes be=e an   
invad+ army may be m9$ 9 advance & ?us  
if he _c be de/roy$1 8 progress may be s
 ret>d$ by dress m9es or %am m9es z     
almo/ lit]ally to dig 8 way4  ,! p[] to 
telegraph ?r\gh ^! torp$oes is ( little 
consequ5ce1 9 z mu* z !re ne$ be b "o   
/ation & "o op]ator4 ,us+ ! te/+ fuse   
manufactur$ by ,abel & a weak voltaic   
curr5t1 ! op]ator c at any "t satisfy   
himself z to cont9uity4 ,?us bridge &   
gulfs or breaks are n requir$ = ! l& z  
!y are 9 sea-m9+4 ,ebonite has ! fur!r  
advantage on l& t x takes b a s+le wire4

  ,=ts may be protect$ aga9/ assault &  
y\r own rifle pits f occupation by an   
enemy simply by a prop] di/ribution ( ^!
 new eng9es ( w>4 ,!y may be plant$ l9e 
)9 l9e & "o r[ above ano!r1 & s arrang$ 
t volcanoes c be sprung at w "u ! feet (
 assault+ columns4 ,& ^! improvem5ts &  
discov]ies enable ! eng9e] at small co/1
 & %ort notice effectually to def5d any 
road/ead1 or block any riv]1 h>b\r or   
pass aga9/ ! l& & naval =ces ( an enemy 
)\t 9 ! lea/ int]f]+ ) ! free use ( !   
same by fri5dly p[]s4  ,to ?is admirable
 /ate ( effici5cy 0 ! new & t]rible     
sci5ce ( w> p]fect$1 *iefly by !        
,conf$]ate ,navy1 & ma9ly ?r\gh !       
in/rum5tality ( its fai?ful1 & devot$   
(fic] ,capta9 ,mat!w ,f4 ,maury1 & 8    
brave & d>+ "y assi/ants1 ,m9or1        
,davidson1 ,k5non1 ,dixon1 ,glassel1 &  
_m o!rs1 & ^? crews ( ! ,hundley1 :o    
mov$ by ! l(ty fai? t ) !m di$1         
volunte]$ = ent]prise ( extreme/ p]il 9 
! def5se ( ,*>le/on ,h>b\r1 9 :i* !y all
 p]i%$1 9 ?is desp]ate s]vice1 ( :om !  

names ( b ! foll[+ are kn[n3 ,horace ,l4
 ,hundley1 ,george ,e4 ,dixon1 ,rob]t   
,brookl&1 ,jos4 ,patt]son1 ,?omas ,w4   
,p>k1 ,*as4 ,mc,hugh1 ,h5ry ,be>d1 ,john
 ,m>%all1 ,c4 ,l4 ,sprague1 ,c4 ,f4     
,c>lson1 ,arnold ,beek]1 ,jos4 ,a4      
,wicks1 ,c4 ,simpk9s1 ,f4 ,coll9s1      
,ridgway1 ,mill]1 ^: monum5t erect$ by !
 ladies ( ,*>le/on1 /&s ^u ! batt]y !re 
9 p]petual memory & hon\r4  ,,ri*>d ,l4 
,,maury1  ,army ,nor!rn ,virg9ia4