,illu/ration3 ,slab ) fossil impressions
                                        
,,rem>ks                                
,,on ,,"s                               
,,fossil ,,impressions                  
,,9                  ,,! ,,s&/one       
,,rocks ,,( ,,connecticut ,,riv]4       
,,by                          ,,john ,c4
 ,,w>r51 ,m4,d4           ,,presid5t ,,(
 ,,! ,,bo/on ,,society ,,( ,,natural    
,,hi/ory4                               
,illu/ration3 ,logo                     
,,bo/on3                                
,,ticknor ,,& ,,fields1                 
#ace1 ,wa%+ton ,/reet4                  
#ahed4                                  
,,bo/on3                    ,,pr9t$ ,,by
 ,,john ,,wilson ,,& ,,son1             
#bb1 ,s*ool ,/reet4     ,! pr9cipal "p (
 ^! rem>ks 7 made at ! meet+s ( !       
,,bo/on ,,society ,,( ,,natural         
,,hi/ory4 ,a portion ( !m also h be5    
pr9t$ 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society4  ,!   
object ( ?is publication is to af=d to  
^? :o are n memb]s ( ! ,society an      

opportunity ( obta9+ "s k ( ,fossil     
,impressions1 :i* !y might n be able to 
obta9 else:]e s conv5i5tly4  ,"s acc\nt 
( ! ,epyornis seems to be v prop]ly     
connect$ ) ,orni?i*nites4  ,! fir/ ( ^! 
pap]s 0 writt5 9 ,octob]1 #ahec2 ! o!rs 
9 ! e>li] "p ( ! pres5t ye>4            
,illu/ration3 ,epyornis                 
,,! ,,epyornis2                         
,,or1                   ,,great ,,bird  
,,( ,,madagasc>1 ,,& ,,its ,,eggs4   ,9 
! c\rse ( ! ye> #ahea1 an acc\nt 0      
circulat$ ( ! discov]y ( an imm5se egg1 
or eggs1 9 ! ,isl& ( ,madagasc>4 ,! size
 ( ! eggs spok5 ( 0 s disproportionate  
to t ( any previ\sly kn[n1 t mo/ p]sons 
receiv$ ! acc\nt ) incr$ulity2 &1 ,i mu/
 confess1 ,i 0 "o ( ?is numb]4 ,be+ 9   
,p>is soon aft] he>+ ( ?is report1 ,i   
made inquiry on ! subject1 & 0 surpris$ 
to le>n1 t ! great egg 0 actually exi/+ 
9 ! ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory 9 ,p>is4 
,9 a few days ,i _h an opportunity (    
see+ a ca/ ( x 9 ! h&s ( ! arti/1 ,m4   
,/rahl1 ( :om ,i solicit$ "o4 ,he in=m$ 

me t x c\ld n be obta9$ at t mom5t2 b t1
 if my reque/ 7 made kn[n to !          
,adm9i/ration ( ! ,museum1 he _h no d\bt
 !y w\ld acc$e to x4 ,i accord+ly did   
apply1 & also pres5t$ !m ) ! ca/ ( a    
p]fect head ( ,ma/odon ,giganteus2 & !y 
v lib]ally grant$ my reque/4  ,!        
di/+ui%$ naturali/1 ,pr(essor ,ge(froy  
,/4 ,hilaire1 ! second ( t honorable "n1
 has made a /atem5t to ! ,academy (     
,sci5ces1 :i*1 ?\gh only initiatory1    
conta9s _m facts ( a v int]e/+ nature1  
"s ( :i* ,i h _h an opportunity (       
v]ify+2 & to him we are indebt$ = a     
great] "p ( ! o!rs4  ,! eggs s5t to me  
are1 9 numb]1 two2 "o ( :i* 0 pur*as$ by
 ,m4 ,abadie1 capta9 ( a ,fr5* vessel1 f
 ! natives4 ,ano!r 0 soon aft]w>ds f\nd1
 equal 9 size4 ,a ?ird egg 0 discov]$ 9 
an alluvial /ratum ne> a /ream ( wat]1  
toge!r ) o!r valuable relics ( ! animal 
:i* _h probably produc$ !m2 b1          
un=tunately1 x 0 brok5 dur+             
transportation4 ,( ! two eggs1 "o is (  
an ovoid =m1 hav+ mu* ! %ape ( a h5's   

egg2 & ! o!r is an ellipsoid4  ,! ovoid 
egg is ( enorm\s size1 ev5 :5 comp>$ ) !
 l>ge/ egg we are acqua9t$ )4 ,its long 
diamet] exce$s ?irte5 in*es ( our       
,engli% measure1 its %ort diamet] eight1
 & its long circumf]5ce ?irty-?ree      
in*es4 ,its capacity is ?\ght to be     
equal to eighte5 liquid p9ts1 or to be  
six times great] ?an t ( ! l>ge/ egg    
kn[n to u 7! o/ri*71 al?\gh b twice its 
l5g?4 ,x is said to be equal to a hundr$
 & =ty-eight h5 eggs4 ,! ellipsoid egg  
has its longe/ diamet] some:at less ?an 
t ( ! ovoid2 its %ort diamet] ne>ly     
equals t ( ! o!r egg1 be+ m ?an eight   
in*es4 ,! ?ird egg1 al?\gh brok51 has   
be5 v useful to sci5ce1 by display+ !   
?ickness ( ! %ell1 :i* is ab\t "o-t5? ( 
an in*4  ,! bones1 ( :i* ,i h receiv$ ! 
ca/s1 are ?ree 9 numb]1 & ( great       
int]e/4 ,"o ( !m is a *>act]i/ic fragm5t
 ( ! upp] "p ( a fibula2 ! o!r two1 /ill
 m int]e/+1 z enabl+ u to det]m9e !     
class & g5us ( ! animal to :i* !y       
belong1 exhibit ! extremities ( ! "r &  

left t>so-metat>sal bones4 ,! =m] is    
some:at brok52 ! latt] is ne>ly p]fect1 
& exhibits ! triple division ( ! inf]ior
 extremity ( ! bone into ! ?ree tro*leae
 or pulley-%ap$ processes ( ! /ru?i\s   
birds4 ,x might be mi/ak5 = a bone ( !  
great ,d9ornis1 b is di/+ui%$ f ?is by !
 flatness ( ! portion above ! tro*leae4 
,/ill less is x "o ( ! bones ( ! o/ri*1 
its ?ree pulleys be+ sep>at$ f ea* o!r  
by di/9ct int]vals2 :]eas ! pulleys ( ! 
o/ri* h only "o su* sep>ation1 con/itut+
 two di/9ct em95ces4  ,m4 ,ge(froy ,/4  
,hilaire consid]$ himself ju/ifi$1 f ^! 
& o!r facts1 9 decid+ ?is bone to belong
 to a bird ( a new g5us1 to :i* he gives
 ! "n ( ,,epyornis1 f aipys1 high1 tall1
 & ornis1 bird2 &1 z probably x is a    
specim5 ( ! l>ge/ animal ( ! family1 he 
affixes ! specific "n ( maximus4  ,!    
size ( ?is bird1 inf]r$ f t ( its egg1  
w\ld be va/ly sup]ior to t ( ! o/ri*4 ,b
 if we notice ! comp>ative size ( !     
tro*leat$ extremity ( ! t>so-metat>sal  
bone1 we %all see t its height w\ld be  

greatly exagg]at$ by adopt+ su* a basis 
= its e/abli%m5t2 9 fact1 x w\ld n      
probably exce$ a height d\ble t ( !     
o/ri*4 ,&1 ?\gh x mu/ h be5 sup]ior to t
 ( ! ,d9ornis maximus ( ,pr(4 ,ow51 x   
might p]haps excel x only by ! diff]5ce 
( two or ?ree feet4 ,a bird ( twelve or 
?irte5 feet 9 height w\ld1 h[ev]1 if we 
/ood 9 its pres5ce1 appe> enorm\s1 & mu/
 h greatly a/oni%$ & t]rifi$ ! natives (
 ,madagasc>4 ,:e!r x n[ exi/s is        
unc]ta91 z x may possibly h a habitation
 9 ! wild recesses ( ! isl&1 :i* h nev] 
yet be5 visit$ by any ,european         
travell]4  ,! cr$it ( mo/ ( !           
obs]vations & discov]ies relat+ to ?is  
rem>kable bird is attributable to ,fr5* 
naturali/s2,a & x seems to be a duty    
devolv+ on ,engli% & ,am]ican navigators
 to complete ! hi/ory ?us happily begun1
 & to tell u :e!r ! ,epyornis /ill exi/s
 9 ! m\nta9-=e/s ( ,madagasc>1 or at    
lea/ pres5t u ) its extraord9>y relics4 
,footnote ,a3 ,! foll[+ are ! names (   
,fr5* travell]s1 :o   h be5 suppos$ to h

 se5 ! eggs ( ! ,epyornis 9 !   ,isl& ( 
,madagasc>3 ,m4 ,sganz91 9 #ahca2 ,m4   
,g\dot1 9 #ahcc2 ,m4   ,dum>ele1 9      
#ahdh2 & ,m4 ,abadie1 9 #ahej4          
,,fossil ,,impressions4--,i4            
,i*nology1 a newly creat$ bran* (       
sci5ce1 takes its "n f ! ,greek ^w      
i*nos1 a track or foot/ep1 & ! tracks   
!mselves h be5 d5om9at$ ,i*nites1 or1 :5
 !y ref] to birds only1 ,orni?i*nites1 f
 ornis1 a bird4 ,& ?is la/ t]m has by   
cu/om be5 g5]ally appli$ to anci5t      
impressions1 ?\gh n correctly4  ,geology
 has reveal$ to u n only ! rema9s (     
animals & vegetables1 b ! impressions   
made by !m dur+ _! lives1 & ev5 !       
impressions ( unorganiz$ bodies4 ,! fir/
 notice ( ^! appe>ances 01 z (t5 happ5s1
 reg>d$ ) indiff]5ce or scepticism2 b _!
 numb] & v>iety enlight5$ ! public m9d1 
& op5$ a new s\rce ( in=mation &        
improvem5t4  ,! fir/ rem>kable          
obs]vation made on fossil foot/eps 0 t (
 ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,duncan1 ( ,scotl&1 9     
#ahbh4 ,he notic$1 9 a new r$ s&/one    

qu>ry 9 ,dumfries%ire1 impressions ( !  
feet ( small animals ( ! tortoise k9d1  
hav+ f\r feet1 & five toes on ea* foot4 
,!y 7 se5 9 v>i\s lay]s ?r\gh a ?ickness
 ( =ty feet or m4  ,s&/one1 9 :i* ^!    
impressions are pr9cipally discov]$1 is 
a rock compos$ *iefly ( silice\s &      
micace\s p>ticles cem5t$ toge!r by      
calc>e\s or argillace\s pa/e1 conta9+   
salt1 & color$ ) v>i\s %ades ( ! oxide (
 iron1 p>ticul>ly ! r$1 gray1 br[n4 ,x  
has be5 rem>k$ by ,pr(4 ,h4 ,d4 ,rog]s1 
t ! p]fection ( ! surface conta9+ fossil
 footm>ks is (t5 attributable to a      
micace\s deposit4 ,! lay]s ( s&/one h   
be5 =m$ by deposits f sea-wat]1 dri$ 9  
succession2 su* lay]s are also se5 9 !  
ro(+ slate4 ,^! deposits on ! %ores ( ! 
ocean1 hav+ 9 a s(t condition receiv$ ! 
impressions ( ! feet ( birds1 o!r       
animals1 vegetables1 & also ( ra9-drops1
 "u favorable circum/ances dri$1 h>d5$1 
& =m$ a rock ( great] or less solidity4 
,our colleague1 ,dr4 ,g\ld1 has exhibit$
 to u a specim5 ( dri$ clay f ! %ores ( 

! ,bay ( ,fundy1 conta9+ beautiful      
impressions1 rec5tly made1 ( ! foot/eps 
( birds4 ,! p>ticles br\ght by ! waves1 
& deposit$ 9 ! mann] describ$1 7 d]iv$ f
 ! de/ruction ( o!r rocks previ\sly     
exi/+1 p>ticul>ly granite & fl9t1 or    
silex1 ! %9+ atoms ( :i* compose no     
small "p ( ! s&/one rock4  ,x is easy to
 conceive1 t1 :ile ^! deposits 7 tak+   
place 9 ! s(t condition1 portions (     
vegetable matt]s might become int]mix$2 
& t ^!1 ) ! impressions ( ! feet & o!r  
p>ts ( animals & unorganiz$ sub/ances1  
might be pres]v$ by ! process (         
desiccation4 ,! ag5cy ( int]nal heat may
 h also be5 employ$ 9 "s cases 9 bak+ & 
h>d5+ ^! cru/y lay]s4  ,! s&/one rock1  
?\gh 9 "s places actually 9 a /ate (    
=mation at ! pres5t "t1 lies 9 su* a    
mann] 9 ! e>?'s cru/ z to indicate an   
imm5se antiquity4 ,! age ( ^! b$s v>ies 
9 diff]5t situations4 ,! s&/one rocks   
:i* conta9 ! great] "p ( ! impressions  
are call$ new r$ s&/one1 to di/+ui% !m f
 ! old r$1 :i* is ( a great] age4 ,!    

deposits on ,connecticut ,riv] may n be 
attribut$ to ! action ( ?is riv]1 b are 
( high] antiquity1 probably1 ?an ! riv] 
itself1 & proce$$ f ! waves ( an anci5t 
sea1 exi/+ 9 a /ate ( ! surface ( !     
globe v diff]5t f t ( ! pres5t day4  ,9 
#ahcd1 tracks 7 discov]$ ne>            
,hildb]ghaus5 9 ,saxony1 to :i* ,pr(4   
,kaup1 ( ,d>m/adt1 gave ! "n (          
,*iro!rium1 f ! resemblance to !        
impressions ( ! human h&4 ,on a         
subsequ5t exam9ation1 ,pr(4 ,ow5 pref]r$
 ! "n ( ,labyr9?odon1 f ! resemblance ( 
! folds 9 ! tee? to ! convolutions ( !  
bra94  ,v>i\s o!r in/ances ( impressions
 7 se52 &1 9 ! ye> #ahce1 ,dr4 ,deane & 
,mr4 ,m>%1 resid5ts ( ,gre5field1 notic$
 impressions resembl+ ! feet ( birds 9  
s&/one rocks ( t neighborhood4 ,^!      
obs]vations hav+ come to ! k ( ,presid5t
 ,hit*cock1 ( ,amh]/ ,college1 t        
g5tleman began a ?or\gh inve/igation ( !
 subject1 foll[$ x up ) unremitt$ ardor1
 & has1 s9ce #ahcf 7! date ( 8 fir/     
publication71 laid be=e ! public a great

 am\nt ( i*nological in=mation1 & really
 creat$ a new sci5ce4 ,dr4 ,deane1 on 8 
"p1 has n be5 idle3 besides mak+        
valuable discov]ies1 he has writt5 a    
numb] ( excell5t pap]s to record "s     
portion ( 8 num]\s obs]vations4  ,9     
#ahcg1 at ! reque/ ( my fri5d ,dr4      
,boott1 ,i c>ri$ to ,london1 = ! ,museum
 ( ! ,royal ,college ( ,surgeons1 v>i\s 
sci5tific objects peculi> to ?is c\ntry2
 among :i* 7 a numb] ( ca/s (           
,orni?i*nites4  ,^! ca/s 7 k9dly furni%$
 me by ,presid5t ,hit*cock1 & !         
,gov]nm5t ( ! ,royal ,college !reon vot$
 to pres5t to ,presid5t ,hit*cock &     
,amh]/ ,college ca/s ( ! skeleton ( !   
fam\s ,mega!rium ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,^!    
ca/s 7 pack$1 & s5t to be emb>k$ 9 a %ip
 de/9$ = ,bo/on1 b 7 unluckily deliv]$  
to a wrong %ipp+ h\se 9 ,london1 & ,i   
lo/ sight ( !m = "s "t4 ,!y 7 at l5g?   
discov]$4 ,aft] rema9+ 9 ?is situation =
 m ?an a ye>1 !y 7 sold at public       
auction2 &1 not)/&+ _m ef=ts on my "p1  
,i 0 unable to obta9 & transmit !m to   

,amh]/ ,college4  ,! fossil impressions 
:i* h be5 di/+ui%$ 9 v>i\s places 9 !   
new r$ s&/one are ^? ( birds1 frogs1    
turtles1 liz>ds1 fi%es1 mollusca1       
cru/acea1 worms1 & zoophytes4 ,besides  
^!1 ! impressions made by ra9-drops1    
ripple-m>ks 9 ! s&1 coprolites or       
indurat$ rema9s ( faeces ( animals1 &   
ev5 impressions ( vegetables1 h be5     
pres]v$ & transmitt$ f a remote         
antiquity4 ,no au!ntic human impressions
 h yet be5 e/abli%$2 & none ( !         
mammalia1 except ! m>supials4787 ,we    
mu/1 h[ev]1 rememb] t1 al?\gh ! e>ly    
paleontology conta9s no record ( birds1 
! anci5t exi/5ce ( ^! animals is n[     
fully asc]ta9$4 ,rema9s ( birds 7       
discov]$ 9 ! ,p>is gypsum by ,cuvi]     
previ\s to #ahcj4 ,s9ce t "t1 !y h be5  
f\nd 9 ! ,l[] ,eoc5e 9 ,engl&1 & !      
,swiss ,alps2 & !re is reason to believe
 t osse\s relics may be met ) 9 ! same  
deposits :i* conta9 ! foot-m>ks4 ,mo/ ( 
! bird-tracks :i* h be5 obs]v$1 belong  
to ! wad+ birds1 or ,grallae4  ,! numb] 

( toes 9 exi/+ birds v>ies f two to     
five4 ,9 ! fossil bird-tracks1 ! mo/    
frequ5t numb] is ?ree1 call$            
tridactyl\s2 b !re are in/ances also (  
f\r or tetradactyl\s1 & two or          
didactyl\s4 ,! numb] ( articulations    
corresponds 9 orni?i*nites ) liv+ birds3
 :5 !re are f\r toes1 ! inn] or h9d toe 
has two articulations1 ! second toe     
?ree1 ! ?ird toe f\r1 ! out] toe five4  
,! impressions ( ! articulations are    
sometimes v di/9ct1 & ev5 t ( ! sk9     
cov]+ !m4  ,presid5t ,hit*cock has      
di/+ui%$ m ?an ?irty species ( birds1   
f\r ( liz>ds1 ?ree ( tortoises1 & six ( 
batra*ians4  ,! great diff]5ce 9 !      
*>act]s ( _m fossil animals f ^? ( exi/+
 g5]a & species1 9 ! op9ion ( ,pr(4     
,agassiz1 makes x probable t 9 v>i\s    
in/ances ! traces ( suppos$ birds may be
 9 fact traces ( o!r animals1 z1 =      
example1 ^? ( ! liz>d or frog4 ,& he    
supports ?is op9ion1 among o!r reasons1 
by ! disappe>ance ( ! heel 9 a great    
numb] ( ,orni?i*nites4  ,d',orbigny1 to 

:om we are indebt$ = ! mo/ ample &      
sy/ematic "w on ,paleontology 7,c\rs    
,elem5taire de ,paleontologie et de     
,geologie1 #e vols4 #ahdi-eb71 does n   
accept ! arrangem5t ( ,presid5t         
,hit*cock4 ,he objects to ! t]m         
,orni?i*nites1 & proposes :at he        
consid]s a m compreh5sive arrangem5t    
into organic1 physiological1 & physical 
impressions4 ,organic impressions are ^?
 :i* h be5 produc$ by ! rema9s (        
organiz$ sub/ances1 su* z vegetable     
impressions f calamites1 c4             
,physiological impressions are ^?       
produc$ by ! feet & o!r p>ts ( animals4 
,physical impressions are ^? f ra9-drops
 & ripple-m>ks2 & to ^! may be add$     
coprolites 9 sub/ance4 ,?is plan (      
,d',orbigny seems to exclude ! curi\s & 
int]e/+ di/9ctions ( gr\ps1 g5]a1 &     
species2 9 ?is way dim9i%+ ! importance 
( ! sci5ce ( ,i*nology4  ,fossil        
impressions h be5 f\nd on ?is cont95t 9 
! c>bonif]\s /rata ( ,nova ,scotia1 & ( 
! ,allegh5ies2 9 ! s&/one ( ,new ,j]sey1

 & 9 t ( ! ,connecticut ,valley 9 a     
great numb] ( places1 f ! t[n ( ,gill 9 
,massa*usetts to ,middlet[n 9           
,connecticut1 a di/ance ( ab\t eighty   
miles4  ,a slab f ,turn]'s ,falls1      
obta9$ = me by ,dr4 ,deane 9 #ahde1     
measur+ two feet by two & a half1 & two 
in*es 9 ?ickness1 conta9s at lea/ t5    
diff]5t sets ( impressions1 v>y+ f five 
in*es 9 l5g? to two & a half1 ) a       
proportionate l5g? ( /ride f ?irte5     
in*es to six4 ,all ^! are tridactyl\s1 &
 repres5t at lea/ f\r diff]5t species4  
,9 mo/ ( !m ! di/9ction ( articulation  
is q cle>4 ,! articulations ( ea* toe c 
readily be c\nt$1 & !y are f\nd to agree
 ) ! g5]al /atem5t made above z to      
numb]4 ,! impressions are s+ul>ly v>i$ z
 to dep?2 "s ( !m1 p]fectly di/9ct1 are 
sup]ficial1 l ^? made by ! f+]s laid    
lightly on a mass ( d\gh1 :ile o!rs are 
( suffici5t dep? ne>ly to bury ! toes2  
"s ( ! tracks cross ea* o!r1 &1 be+ (   
diff]5t sizes1 belong to animals (      
diff]5t ages or diff]5t species4 ,!re is

 "o curi\s in/ance ( ! tracks ( a l>ge &
 heavy bird1 9 :i*1 f ! s(tness ( ! mud1
 ! bird slipp$ 9 a lat]al direction1 &  
!n ga9$ a firm foot+2 ! m>k ( ! fir/    
/ep1 ?\gh deep1 is ill-def9$ & unc]ta92 
! space int]v5+ betwe5 ! tracks is      
sup]ficially furr[$2 9 ! settl$ /ep1 :i*
 is ! deepe/1 ! toes are v /rongly      
indicat$4 ,on ! same surface are        
impressions ( nails1 :i* may h belong$  
to birds or *elonians4  ,! inf]ior      
surface ( ! same slab exhibits          
appe>ances m sup]ficial1 less num]\s1 b 
g5]ally regul>4 ,!re are ?ree sets (    
tracks entirely di/9ct f ea* o!r2 two ( 
!m conta9+ ?ree tracks1 & "o conta9+    
two1--! latt] be+ mu* ! l>ge/ 9 size4 ,9
 addition1 !re is "o set ( tracks1 :i*  
are probably ^? ( a tortoise4 ,^! m>ks  
pres5t two o!r po9ts q obs]vable &      
int]e/+4 ,"o is t !y are display$ 9     
relief1 :ile ^? on ! upp] surface are 9 
depression4 ,! relief 9 ?is l[] surface 
w\ld be ! ca/ ( a cavity 9 ! lay] bel[2 
s ! depressions 9 ! upp] surface w\ld be

 m\lds ( ca/s above4 ,! second po9t is !
 non-correspond5ce ( ! upp] & l[]       
surfaces2 i4e4 ! depressions 9 ! upp]   
surface h n a g5]al correspond5ce ) !   
elevations on its inf]ior surface4 ,!   
tracks above 7 made by diff]5t          
individuals & diff]5t species f ^? bel[4
 ,?is leads to ano!r int]e/+            
consid]ation1 t 9 ! ?ickness ( ?is slab 
!re mu/ be a numb] ( diff]5t lay]s1 & 9 
ea* ( !m !re may be a diff]5t s]ies (   
tracks4  ,to ^! la/ rem>ks !re is "o    
exception3 ! deep impression 9 :i* !    
bird slipp$ 9 a lat]al direction        
corresponds ) an elevation on ! l[]     
surface1 9 :i* ! impression ( ^! toes is
 v di/9ctly display$1 & ev5 !           
articulations4 ,moreov]1 "o ( ! tracks  
on ! inf]ior surface int]f]es ) ! out]  
track 9 ! sup]ior1 & t5ds 9 an opposite 
direction1 s t ?is la/-describ$ foot/ep 
mu/ h be5 made be=e ! o!r4 ,x is also   
obs]vable1 t1 :ile all ! o!r tracks are 
sup]ficial1 ?is la/ p5etrates ! :ole    
?ickness ( ! slab2 ?us %[+ t ! diff]5t  

deposits cont9u$ "s "t 9 a s(t /ate4    
,on ! surfaces ( ?is slab1 p>ticul>ly on
 ! upp]1 !re are v>i\s m>ks besides ^? (
 ! feet1 "s ( :i* seem to h be5 made by 
/raws1 or portions ( grass1 or /icks2 & 
!re is a curv$ l9e "s in*es 9 l5g?1 :i* 
seems to h aris5 f %r9kage4  ,9 !       
collection ( ,mr4 ,m>%1,b !re 7 two     
slabs ( great size1 ea* measur+ t5 by   
six feet1 hav+ a great numb] (          
impressions ( feet1 & ab\t ! same       
?ickness z ! slab "u exam9ation4 ,"o (  
^! pres5t$ depressions2 & ! o!r1        
correspond+ reliefs4 ,^! v int]e/+      
relations 7 necess>ily p>t$ 9 ! sale (  
,mr4 ,m>%'s collection2 "o ( !m be+     
obta9$ = ! ,bo/on ,society ( ,natural   
,hi/ory1 & ! o!r = ! collection ( ,amh]/
 ,college4    ,footnote ,b3 ,mr4 ,m>% 0 
a me*anic ( ! t[n ( ,gre5field1   &     
procur$ 8 subsi/5ce by 8 daily labor4   
,be+ employ$ by   ,dr4 ,deane 9 obta9+ !
 s&/one slabs ( ,orni?i*nites1 he       
acquir$ a ta/e = ! pursuit1 ent]$ into x
 )   extraord9>y ardor1 & accumulat$ by 

8 own labors a great   collection ( f9e 
specim5s4 ,he un=tunately fell into a   
consumption1 & di$ 9 #aheb4 ,!          
collection 0 sold at public   auction = 
a sum betwe5 two & ?ree ?\s& doll>s4 ,! 
specim5s 7 pur*as$ by ! ,bo/on ,society 
( ,natural ,hi/ory1   by ,amh]/         
,college1 & by v>i\d colleges &         
sci5tific   associations 9 ?is c\ntry4  
,! ,physical ,impressions1 accord+ to   
,pr(essor ,d',orbigny1 are ( ?ree k9ds1 
viz43 #a/1 ,ra9-drops2 #b;d1            
,ripple-m>ks2 & #c;d1 ,coprolites4 ,i h 
a slab :i* exhibits two leptodactyl\s   
tracks v di/9ct1 ab\t an in* & a half   
long1 surr\nd$ by impressions (         
ra9-drops & ripple-m>ks4 ,ano!r specim5 
exhibits ! impressions ( ra9 9 a m      
di/9ct & rem>kable mann]4 ,! impr9ts are
 ( v>i\s sizes1 f ^? :i* might be made  
by a common pea to o!rs f\r times its   
diamet]2 "s are deep1 o!rs sup]ficial & 
almo/ imp]ceptible4 ,!y are g5]ally     
circul>1 b "s are ovoid4 ,"s h ! edge   
equally rais$ ar\nd1 z if /ruck by a    

p]p5dicul> drop2 & o!rs h ! edge on "o  
"p fa9tly develop$1 :ile ano!r "p is v  
%>p & well def9$1 z if ! drop _h /ruck  
obliquely4 ,x has be5 sugge/$1 t ^!     
fossil ra9-drops may h be5 made by      
p>ticles ( hail2 b ,i ?9k ! v>iety (    
size & dep? ( depression w\ld h be5 m   
consid]able if ?us made4  ,al?\gh we h  
necess>ily treat$ ! subject ( fossil    
footm>ks 9 a v brief way1 suffici5t has 
be5 said to %[ t ?is new bran* (        
,paleontology may lead to int]e/+       
results4 ,! fact t !y are1 9 "s mann]1  
peculi> to ?is region1 seems to call ^u 
our ,society to obta9 a suffici5t numb] 
( specim5s to exhibit to sci5tific m5 a 
fair repres5tation ( ! condition (      
,i*nology 9 ?is qu>t] ( our c\ntry2 & we
 h !re=e great reason to congratulate   
ourselves1 t1 ?r\gh ! vigilance & _s (  
our memb]s1 ! ,society has ! expectation
 ( obta9+ a ri* collection ( i*nological
 specim5s4                              
,,fossil ,,impressions4--,,ii4   ,s9ce  
writ+ ! prec$+ article1 ,i h be5 able to

 obta91 ?r\gh ! k9dness ( ,presid5t     
,hit*cock1 a numb] ( additional specim5s
 ( fossil impressions4 ,by ! aid ( ^!1  
,i may hope to give an idea ( ! sy/em ( 
impressions1 s f> z x has be5 discov]$1 
)\t1 h[ev]1 attempt+ to ent] into m9ute 
details4 ,= ^!1 ,i w\ld ref] to ! acc\nt
 ( ! ,geology ( ,massa*usetts1 by       
,presid5t ,hit*cock2 to 8 valuable      
article publi%$ 9 ! ,memoirs ( !        
,am]ican ,academy2 & to 8 geological    
works g5]ally4  ,! num]\s tracks :i* h  
be5 assembl$ toge!r 9 ! neighborhood (  
,connecticut ,riv] h af=d$ an           
opportunity ( prosecut+ ^! /udies to an 
ext5t unusual 9 ! primitive rocky soil (
 ,new ,engl&4 ,^! appe>ances are n1     
inde$1 :olly new4 ,su* traces _h be5    
previ\sly met ) 9 o!r c\ntries2 b1 9 _! 
numb] & v>iety1 ! valley ( !            
,connecticut ab\nds above all places    
hi!rto inve/igat$4  ,tw5ty ye>s h elaps$
 s9ce ! /udy ( ,i*nology has be5        
prosecut$ 9 ?is c\ntry2 &1 9 ?is p]iod (
 "t1 ab\t =ty-n9e species ( animal      

tracks h be5 di/+ui%$ 9 ! locality      
m5tion$1 accord+ to ,presid5t ,hit*cock2
 :i* h be5 regul>ly arrang$ by him 9    
gr\ps1 g5]a1 & species4  ,i propose n[  
to lay ! specim5s1 rec5tly obta9$1 be=e 
! ,society1 z a slight prep>ation = ! m 
num]\s & m valuable articles :i* !y are 
soon to receive4  ,! traces f\nd on     
anci5t rocks1 z has be5 %[n 9 ! previ\s 
article1 are ^? ( animals1 vegetables1 &
 unorganiz$ sub/ances4 ,! traces (      
animals are produc$ by quadrup$s1 birds1
 liz>ds1 turtles1 frogs1 mollusca1      
worms1 cru/acea1 & zoophytes4 ,^!       
impressions are ( v>i\s =ms3 "s ( !m    
simple excavations2 "s l9es1 ei!r       
/raight or curv$1 & o!rs complicat$ into
 v>i\s figures4  ,presid5t ,hit*cock has
 bas$ 8 di/9ctions ( fossil animal      
impressions on ! foll[+ *>act]s1 viz43--
       #a4 ,toes ?ick1 pa*ydactyl\s2 or 
?91 leptodactyl\s4      #b4 ,feet w+$4  
#c4 ,numb] ( toes f two to five1        
inclusive4      #d4 ,absolute & relative
 l5g? ( ! toes4      #e4 ,div>ication ( 

! lat]al toes4      #f4 ,angle made by !
 inn] & middle1 out] & middle toes4     
#g4 ,projection ( ! middle beyond !     
lat]al toes4      #h4 ,di/ance betwe5   
tips ( lat]al toes4      #i4 ,di/ance   
betwe5 tips ( middle & inn] & out] toes4
     #aj4 ,position & direction ( h9d   
toe4     #aa4 ,"* ( claw4     #ab4 ,wid?
 ( toes4     #ac4 ,numb] & l5g? (       
phalangeal expansions4     #ad4 ,"* ( ! 
heel4     #ae4 ,irregul>ities ( "u side 
( foot4     #af4 ,v]s$ s9e ( curvature (
 toes4     #ag4 ,angle ( axis ( foot )  
l9e ( direction4     #ah4 ,di/ance (    
po/]ior "p ( ! foot f l9e ( direction4  
#ai4 ,l5g? ( /ep4     #bj4 ,size ( foot4
     #ba4 ,"* ( ! integum5ts ( ! foot4  
#bb4 ,coprolites4     #bc4 ,means (     
di/+ui%+ bip$al f quadrup$al tracks4    
,by ^! *>act]s1 ,presid5t ,hit*cock has 
di/+ui%$ physiological tracks1 or ^?    
made by animat$ be+s1 into t5 gr\ps     
provisionally4 ,to ^! may be add$1      
organic impressions1 made by organiz$   
bodies2 & ! impressions made by         

inanimate bodies1 call$ physical        
impressions4  ,! specim5s "u our h&s    
enable u to give "s notion ( !          
di/9ctions :i* *>act]ize ! great] "p (  
^! gr\ps4         99       99       99  
99       99                       ,,gr\p
 ,,fir/--,,/ru?iones4  ,! o/ri*-tracks  
pres5t a num]\s natural & mo/ rem>kable 
gr\p2 rem>kable f ! great size ( "s     
species1--all ( !m tridactyl\s &        
pa*ydactyl\s4 ,! o/ri* ( ! ,old ,_w has 
only two toes1 b ?is family exi/s 9 ,s\?
 ,am]ica at ! pres5t "t "u ! "n ( ,rhea 
,am]icana2 & tracks ( an animal1        
probably ( ! same family1 are f\nd 9 !  
num]\s impressions ne> ,connecticut     
,riv]1--all ( !m hav+ ?ree toes 9 front1
 & ! rudim5t ( a f\r? beh9d4  ,?is gr\p 
conta9s a numb] ( g5]a4 ,! ,,fir/       
,,g5us1 d5om9at$ ,brontoz\m1 pres5ts !  
tracks ( a mo/ extraord9>y bird4 ,^!    
tracks appe> less que/ionable s9ce !    
discov]y 9 ,madagasc> ( ! eggs ( !      
,epyornis4  ,! tracks ( ! l>ge/ species1
 ! ,,brontoz\m ,,giganteum1 are f\r     

times ! magnitude ( ^? made by ! exi/+  
o/ri* ( ,africa4 ,!y are v num]\s1 &    
congregat$ toge!r4 ,! foot ( !          
,brontoz\m ,giganteum1 includ+ ! inf]ior
 extremity ( ! t>so-metat>sal bone1 :i* 
makes a "p ( ! foot1 measures 9 our     
specim5 tw5ty in*es2 9 ! ,ma/odon       
,giganteus1 ! foot measures tw5ty-sev5  
in*es2 ! wid? also is less1 be+ t5 in*es
 across ! metac>pals1 :ile t ( !        
,ma/odon is tw5ty-two3 b ! "o is a bird1
 ! o!r a quadrup$4 ,! toes are ?ree 9   
numb]1 & pres5t ! same divisions ) exi/+
 birds2 ! inn] toe hav+ ?ree1 ! middle  
f\r1 ! out] five phalanges4 ,"s ( !     
articulations ( ! toes ( ?is noble      
specim5 are rem>kable = ! mann] 9 :i* !y
 illu/rate ! mode ( =mation ( ! tracks4 
,^! phalanges h become sep>at$ f ! solid
 rock 9 :i* !y 7 encas$1 s z to be      
removable at pleasure2 & !y ?us %[ t !  
:ole foot is n a simple impression 9 !  
rock :i* conta9s x1 b a depression fill$
 by =eign mat]ials1 i4e4 by s&1 clay1 & 
o!r relics ( pre-exi/+ rocks4 ,^!       

mat]ials _h be5 gradually deposit$ 9 !  
m\ld =m$ by ! bird's foot1 & are !re=e  
indep5d5t ( ?is rock1 9 ! same way z !  
pla/]-(-,p>is ca/ ( a too?1 or any o!r  
body1 is indep5d5t ( ! m\ld to :i* x    
owes its =m4 ,! impressions are 9 gray  
s&/one4  ,on ! rev]s$ surface ( ! slab  
is se5 a small piece ( brok5 qu>tz1 ab\t
 half an in* squ>e4 ,?is piece =ms a    
beautiful illu/ration ( a "p ( ! process
 by :i* ! s&/one rocks are =m$4  ,!     
second species ( ! same g5us is !       
,,brontoz\m ,,sillimanium4 ,( ?is we h  
?ree specim5s2 ! tracks h ! same g5]al  
"* ) ! prec$+1 b are small]4  ,! ?ird   
species ( ?is g5us is /yl$ ! ,,brontoz\m
 ,,loxonyx1 f loxos1 a b[1 & onyx1 a    
nail1--a curv$ nail4 ,x is small] ?an ! 
,sillimanium1 & has ! nail set to "o    
side4  ,! f\r? species1 /ill small]1 is 
! ,brontoz\m ,gracillimum4 ,on ?is slab 
! impressions are 9 relief2 viz43 #a/1 (
 ,brontoz\m ,gracillimum2 #b;d1 (       
,brontoz\m ,p>allelum2 #c;d1 ( ! track (
 a tortoise1 f\rte5 in*es long1 & two   

wide4 ,o!r ext5sive em95ces &           
depressions1 ) ra9-drops1 may be obs]v$ 
on ! same surface4  ,! fif? species is  
call$ ,,brontoz\m ,,p>allelum1 f !      
tracks be+ on a l9e ) ea* o!r4 ,( ?is   
!re are two specim5s1 "o ( !m1 h[ev]1   
be+ a s+le track4 ,on ! surface ( ! o!r 
slab !re are at lea/ five di/9ct tracks1
 "o ( !m be+ a small new & undescrib$   
species1--?us mak+ ! :ole numb] (       
species ( ,brontoz\m :i* we possess to  
be at lea/ six4  ,! ,,second ,,g5us (   
,/ru?iones is call$ ,a,ethyopus1 f      
ai?uia1 a gull1 & p\s1 a                
foot1--gull-foot$4 ,?is g5us is small]  
?an ! ,brontoz\m ,giganteum2 & we h two 
species1 viz4 ! ,,ae?yopus ,,lyellianus1
 :i* is ! l>g]1 & two specim5s (        
,,ae?yopus ,,m9or4 ,all ( ^! are        
di/+ui%$ f ! prec$+ g5us by ! w+$ foot1 
& 9 ! ,lyellianus by ! %all[ness ( !    
impression4 ,! ,a,ethyopus ,m9or is n   
always di/+ui%$ by ! sup]ficiality ( its
 impression4 ,?is is sometimes deep4    
,!re=e ?is "* may n be consid]$ a       

di/9ctive "o1 or ! ,a,ethyopus ,m9or    
might be ref]r$ to ano!r g5us4 ,( ! two 
specim5s ( ?is latt] species1 ! fir/ is 
9 depression1 tridactyl\s4 ,!           
depressions are deep ) ra9-drops1 m>ks (
 quadrup$s & zoophytes ov] ! :ole       
surface4 ,! orni?i*nic impressions are  
two 9 numb]2 "o sup]ficial1 ! o!r v     
deep4 ,! rev]s$ surface ( ?is slab      
conta9s "o tridactyl\s impression 9     
relief4 ,! second specim5 has ?ree      
depressions2 two ( :i* are sup]ficial1 &
 ! ?ird is q deep1 display+1 by a       
depress$ surface1 ! webb$ "* ( ! foot4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,,gr\p ,,second4  ,we %all take1 to     
*>act]ize ?is gr\p1 ! ,argoz\m1 f arges1
 swift1 w+$4  ,( ?is g5us !re are two   
species1 ! l>g] ( :i* is ! ,,argoz\m    
,,disp>idigitatum4 ,x is leptodactyl\s1 
& rem>kable = ! l5g? ( ! middle toe4 ,we
 h ano!r species1 :i* is small] ?an !   
la/ nam$1 & 9 :i* ! toes are ne>ly (    
equal l5g?2 h5ce call$ ,,argoz\m        
,,p>idigitatum4  ,! o!r g5us ( ?is gr\p 

is ! ,,platypt]na1 & our specim5 is nam$
 ,deaniana4 ,?is g5us is rem>kable = !  
wid? ( ! heel2 h5ce ! "n1 f platys1     
broad1 & pt]na1 a heel4 ,x has ?ree toes
 l ! o!r g5]a ( ?is gr\p4         99    
99       99       99       99           
,,gr\p ,,?ird4  ,?is & ! succe$+ gr\p   
are tetradactyl\s2 hav+ "o toe beh9d1   
?ree =w>ds4  ,! ?ird gr\p is            
leptodactyl\s2 foot usually small1 b    
sometimes ( m$ium size4 ,( x we h two   
specim5s1 viz43 ,,orni?opus             
,,gall9aceus1 & ,,orni?opus ,,gracilis4 
,! =m] is s call$ f ! resemblance to !  
dome/ic f[l3 = conv5i5ce sake1 9 ?is &  
o!r in/ances1 we use ! :ole = a "p4 ,x  
is ab\t ?ree in*es 9 l5g?1 & !          
,orni?opus ,gracilis ab\t two4  ,?is    
latt] specim5 is p>ticul>ly int]e/+4 ,x 
consi/s ( two p>ts1 :i* op5 l ! cov]s ( 
a book4 ,^! cov]s pres5t f\r            
impressions3 fir/1 ! sup]ficial1 :i* is 
di/9ct1 sl5d]1 & beautiful--! heel is   
broad2 second1 correspond+ ) ?is        
depression & on ! inside1 is a figure 9 

relief z di/9ct z ! depression2 ?ird1 on
 ! inside ( ! second cov] is a          
depression correspond+ ) ! relief la/   
m5tion$2 f\r?1 on ! out] side is a      
second relief correspond+ ) ! second    
depression1 b less di/9ct ?an ei!r ( !  
o!r ?ree1 /ill1 h[ev]1 exhibit+ ?ree    
toes po9t+ ant]iorly1 b ! h9d toe is    
want+4 ,! :ole ( ?is d\ble slab =ms a   
s]ies ( cameos & intaglios1 measur+ f\r 
in*es by ?ree1 & 9 ?ickness an in* & a  
qu>t]4         99       99       99     
99       99                             
,,gr\p ,,f\r?4  ,( ! f\r? gr\p we h five
 specim5s4 ,! ,tria5opus1 s call$ f its 
resemblance to a trid5t1 has besides    
?ree leptodactyl\s toes po9t+ =w>ds1 a  
f\r? ext5d+ backw>ds 9 a rem>kable way1 
l ! h&le ( a trid5t2 ! impression1      
h[ev]1 be+ exp&$ s z to %[ an ext5sive  
displacem5t ( ! mud4 ,all ! specim5s (  
,tria5opus are 9 a beautiful r$ %ale1 v 
?9 & fragile1 b pres5t+ well-def9$      
impressions1 g5]ally ab\t ?ree in*es    
long4  ,!re are two species to ?is g5us4

 ,( ! ,,tria5opus ,,emmonsianus we      
notice ?ree impressions 9 relief4 ,9    
ano!r specim5 !re is ! appe>ance ( a "p 
( ! toes ( ! ,anomoepus ,scambus1 & on !
 upp] side are se5 two excavations      
correspond+ ) ! ?ree impressions4 ,9 !  
la/ slab1 ! track ( ! ,,tria5opus       
,,baileyanus appe>s to h be5 made by two
 feet plac$ successively 9 ! same spot1 
:i* l$ ,presid5t ,hit*cock to suspect x 
might h be5 made by a quadrup$4 ,"o ( ! 
specim5s has ! ,tria5opus tracks        
int]mix$ 9 a peculi> way ) o!r          
impressions4  ,! specim5 repres5t+ !    
g5us ,,h>p$actylus is l>g] ?an ! prec$+2
 &1 ?\gh leptodactyl\s1 ! toes are mu*  
broad] & also m curv$1 :5ce ! "n        
,h>p$actylus1 sickle-f+]1 f h>pe &      
daktylos4         99       99       99  
99       99                             
,,gr\p ,,fif?4  ,! fif? gr\p diff]s mu* 
f ! f\r previ\s ones4 ,9 ?is & ! foll[+ 
gr\ps we pass f ! ve/iges ( birds to ^? 
( o!r animals1 "s ( :i* are bip$s1 "s   
quadrup$s4 ,_m impressions are )\t any  

di/9ct "*1 belong+ probably to ! l[]    
animals1 to vegetables1 & unorganiz$    
bodies4  ,! fif? gr\p compreh5ds !      
tracks ( an extraord9>y animal1 !       
,,otoz\m4,c ,! "n :i* has be5 giv5 to x 
is tak5 f t ( an anci5t giant1 ,otus1 :o
 ) 8 bro!r ,ephialtes1 accord+ to hea!n 
my?ology1 made w> ) ! gods4 ,^! fabl$   
giants 71 at n9e ye>s ( age1 n9e cubits 
9 wid? & n9e fa?oms 9 height4           
,footnote ,c3 ,! specific "n ( ,moodii  
has be5 atta*$ to !   ,otoz\m1 f its    
hav+ be5 discov]$ by ,mr4 ,moody4  ,!   
foot is divid$ into f\r toes2 ! two out]
 ( :i* seem to be connect$ by a common  
basis4 ,! inn] toe has ?ree phalanges2 !
 second toe1 also ?ree2 ! ?ird & f\r?   
toes1 f\r ea*4 ,! fir/ is ! %orte/1 !   
second long]1 ! ?ird longe/1 ! f\r?     
%ort] ?an ! ?ird4 ,x w appe>1 !n1 t ?is 
track diff]s f t ( birds 9 ! numb] (    
toes po9t+ =w>ds2 ^! be+ f\r1 :ile 9    
birds ! =w>d toes are only ?ree4 ,!re is
 a diff]5ce also 9 ! numb] & arrangem5t 
( ! articulations4  ,! track 9 our      

possession is tw5ty in*es long by ?irte5
 & a half in*es broad4 ,! rock 9 :i* x  
is imb$d$ is a d>k-color$ s&/one4       
,presid5t ,hit*cock has a slab %[+ a    
regul> s]ies ( tracks ( ?is animal2 !   
di/ance betwe5 ! /eps be+ ab\t ?ree     
feet1 & ! tracks equidi/ant & alt]nate1 
:i* w\ld n be ! case if ! animal _h be5 
quadrup$al4 ,9 a quadrup$1 ! horse =    
example1 ! h9d feet are set d[n ne> ! =e
 feet1 & sometimes ev5 /rike !m4 ,h5ce x
 mu/ be inf]r$ t ! track 9 "q 0 t ( a   
bip$1 or ( a quadrup$ :i* did n use its 
=e feet 9 progression1 l a kang>oo4 ,we 
naturally ask1 ,:at k9d ( bip$ c\ld ?is 
h be58 ,evid5tly n a man1 ! size ( !    
foot be+ too l>ge to admit su* a        
supposition2 nor c\ld x h be5 a bird1 ! 
numb] ( toes & _! direction n admitt+   
?is hypo!sis4  ,tetradactyl\s birds1 or 
^? :i* h f\r toes1 h only ?ree ( !m     
direct$ =w>ds1 & ! f\r? backw>ds1       
g5]ally4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 exceptions2 "s
 birds h f\r toes direct$ =w>ds3 ?is is 
! fact ) ! ,hirundo ,cypselus & !       

,pelicanus ,aquilus ( ,l9naeus1 or      
,man-(-w> ,bird4 ,b ! articulations are 
diff]5t 9 ! two animals1 birds hav+     
regul>ly two1 ?ree1 f\r1 & five         
phalanges1 & ! spur1 :]e x exi/s1       
support$ by a s+le osse\s phalanx2 :]eas
 ! ,otoz\m has ?ree phalanges 9 ! inn] &
 second toe1 f\r 9 ! ?ird & f\r? toes4  
,9 ?is la/ arrangem5t1 ! ,otoz\m is     
decid$ly diff]5t f all kn[n birds4 ,x is
 n likely to h be5 a tortoise or a      
liz>d4 ,! kang>oo has f\r feet1 & uses  
only two 9 progression1 mov+ =w>d by    
leaps2 also1 l ! ,otoz\m1 x has f\r     
toes2 b ! size ( ! toes does n accord ) 
t ( ! ,otoz\m1 nor is ! /ructure ( !    
foot ! same1 s f> z we "k4 ,x has be5   
sugge/$ by ,pr(essor ,agassiz1 t ?is    
animal might h be5 a two-foot$ frog4    
,nature _h1 9 ^? days1 animal =ms       
diff]5t f ^? we are acqua9t$ )2 & ?is   
might h be5 ! fact ) ! ,otoz\m4         
99       99       99       99       99  
,,gr\p ,,six?4  ,we h 9 ?is gr\p a      
specim5 ( ! track ( a f\r-foot$ animal1 

:i* may h be5 a frog1 ?\gh diff]5t f    
ours4 ,! feet are unequal 9 size1 &     
pres5t a diff]5t numb] ( toes4 ,9 exi/+ 
frogs !re are f\r toes 9 ! =e feet1 &   
five 9 ! h9d2 b1 9 ! specim5 be=e u1 !  
front toes are five 9 numb]1 & ! back   
toes ?ree4 ,x is call$1 !re=e1          
,,anomoepus1 unequal-foot$4 ,^!         
impressions are 9 ! r$ %ale ( ,hadley1 &
 v di/9ct4 ,9 "s ( !m ! l[] leg is      
indicat$1 =m+ an impression six or sev5 
in*es long4 ,! feet be+ small] ?an !    
legs1 ! impression made by ! latt] is m 
exp&$1 sup]ficial1 & broad]1 yet /ill v 
def9ite4 ,! op9ion ( ,presid5t ,hit*cock
 & ,dr4 ,deane is1 t ! diff]5t          
impressions ( five & ?ree toes are ^? ( 
! ant]ior & po/]ior extremities ( "o    
animal1 :i*1 f ! size ( ! limbs1 might  
be a frog ?ree feet high4  ,on ! same   
s*i/ ) ^! footm>ks1 are o!r curi\s      
impressions4 ,! back ( ! slab is almo/  
cov]$ ) ! impr9ts ( ra9-drops4 ,9 ! mid/
 ( ^! is a tridactyl\s impression1      
probably ( a quadrup$1 cross$ at its    

root by a s+le depression1 ne>ly an in* 
broad1 & two & a half long3 ?is seems to
 =m "p ( ano!r broad sup]ficial         
impression ( ab\t sev5 by f\r in*es1 :i*
 is probably also quadrup$al4 ,o!r p>ts 
pres5t ! impressions ( nails &          
worm-tracks4 ,at ! opposite end is a    
deep1 smoo?1 regul> excavation1 :i*     
might h be5 made by a ,m$usa4         99
       99       99       99       99    
,,gr\p ,,sev5?4  ,! sev5? gr\p conta9s !
 impressions ( ! feet ( ,saurians or    
liz>ds4 ,we h a specim5 ( quadrup$al    
m>ks1 ) five toes to ea* foot1 ab\t an  
in* long1 :i* may h be5 made by ^!      
animals4 ,! impressions are small1 b v  
di/9ct4 ,!re are liz>ds ( ! pres5t day )
 five toes1 ab\t ! size ( ^!            
impressions2 & ^! may1 !re=e1 be set d[n
 z belong+ to ?is ord] ( reptiles4 ,l a 
numb] ( ! la/-nam$ specim5s1 !y are 9 r$
 %ale4         99       99       99     
99       99                             
,,gr\p ,,eigh?4  ,! eigh? gr\p is       
assign$ by ,presid5t ,hit*cock to !     

,*elonian or turtle tribe4 ,! slab be>+ 
impressions ( ,brontoz\m ,gracillimum   
has a m>k ab\t f\rte5 in*es long & two  
wide1 :i* may be attribut$ to ! pla/ron 
or brea/-plate ( ! tortoise4 ,on ! slab 
f ,turn]'s ,falls !re is a longitud9al  
furr[1 :i* might h be5 made by ! tail ( 
a turtle2 & 9 v>i\s ( our slabs are     
impressions :i* we ?9k belong to ?is    
tribe4 ,we %all h occasion to notice    
h]eaft] rem>kable tracks ( ^! animals 9 
! old r$ ( ,moray%ire1 9 ,scotl&4  ,!   
mo/ di/9ct ( ! traces ( *elonians are on
 ! l>ge slab lately obta9$ = me by      
,presid5t ,hit*cock f ,gre5field4 7,vide
 ,plate47 ,?is int]e/+ slab conta9s !   
traces ( quadrup$s1 v>i\s birds1 & two  
trails ( *elonians3 ! l>ge/ ( ^! is     
ne>ly five feet long1 & f\r in*es 9     
diamet]4 ,! trail is compos$ ( a numb] (
 p>allel elevations1 comp>atively       
sup]ficial4         99       99       99
       99       99                      
,,gr\p ,,n9?4  ,( ! n9? gr\p1 conta9+ ! 
m>ks ( ,annelidae1 ,cru/acea1 &         

,zoophytes1 we h v>i\s specim5s4  ,!    
impressions ( insects d n seem z yet to 
h be5 di/+ui%$ on ! anci5t rocks4 ,!re  
is reason to believe1 h[ev]1 t _m ( !   
m>ks we discov] 9 ! rocky b$s might h   
be5 made by ! feet & bodies ( l>ge      
insects2 & small species ( ! same tribes
 h be5 f\nd imb$d$ 91 & actually        
con/itut+1 imm5se masses ( calc>e\s &   
silice\s rocks4  ,! tracks ( worms are  
num]\s4 ,no d\bt ^! worms drew toge!r a 
conc\rse ( birds to ! %ores on :i* !y   
roll$4 ,on v>i\s slabs we f9d long      
cyl9drical furr[s1 ab\t ! eigh? ( an in*
 9 diamet]1 & ( diff]5t l5g?s2 "o ( !m1 
9 ! slab f ,dr4 ,deane1 be+ eight or n9e
 in*es long4 ,to ^! impressions ! "n (  
,,h]py/ez\m1 f h]py/es1 crawl+1 has be5 
giv54 ,!y v>y1 h[ev]1 & "s ( !m are v   
likely to be ! tracks ( ! common        
e>?-worm1 or ( "s species ( worm :i*    
exi/$ :5 ^! rocks 7 =m$4 ,^! impressions
 v>y 9 l5g? & 9 diamet]2 "s ( !m are    
mod]ately regul>1 & o!rs irregul>ly     
curv$4  ,v int]e/+ tracks h be5 f\nd 9 !

 anci5t ,potsdam :ite s&/one (          
,beauh>nais1 on ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 by ,mr4 
,logan1 an excell5t geologi/ ( ,canada1 
& det]m9$ by ,pr(essor ,ow5 to belong to
 ,cru/acea1 crabs4 ,! numb] (           
impressions made by ea* foot is         
sometimes sev51 sometimes eight1 & ev5  
m4 ,?is track1 %[+ ! traces ( ,cru/acea1
 goes to =m ano!r l9k 9 ! *a9 ( fossil  
foot/eps4  ,! ,m$usae1 commonly call$   
jelly-fi%1 dissolv+ z !y d "u ! influ5ce
 ( ! sun & air1 w\ld h>dly be expect$ to
 leave _! traces impress$ on anci5t     
rocks4 ,pr(essor ,d',orbigny1 h[ev]1 has
 wat*$ ! dissolution ( ^! animals on !  
sea-%ore1 & f\nd t1 aft] wa/+1 !y may   
leave _! impressions on ! s&2 :i*1 n be+
 di/urb$ by a high tide = ne>ly a mon?1 
reta9s ! impression ( ! zoophyte1 &     
s]ves z a m\ld to receive mat]ials :i*  
take a ca/ & transmit x to subsequ5t    
ages4 ,we f9d "o ( ^! impressions on !  
slab ( ! ,anomoepus ,scambus2 &         
,presid5t ,hit*cock1 hav+ exam9$ x1 is (
 op9ion t x reta9s ! traces ( a ,m$usa4 

,! impression is ab\t five in*es 9      
diamet]1 ( a d>k] color & smoo!r texture
 ?an ! re/ ( ! rock4 ,its edges fade    
away gradually 9 ! surface ( ! subjac5t 
s&/one4 ,a simil> impression is f\nd on 
! sup]ior surface ( ! slab conta9+ !    
,argoz\m4         99       99       99  
99       99                             
,,gr\p ,,t5?4  ,! t5? gr\p conta9s !    
,,h>pagopus1 a "n d]iv$ f h>page1       
seizure1 rap9e4 ,x is repres5t$ by      
,presid5t ,hit*cock z hav+ ! =m ( a     
drag4 ,! figure giv5 by him resembles 9 
a degree ! foot ( ! ,african o/ri*2 be+ 
a long ?ick toe1 ) a %ort] "o1 n unlike 
a ?umb1 on ! side4 ,an impression       
approximat+ ?is1 b ( small size1 may be 
se5 on ! slab ( ! ,anomoepus ,scambus4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,! =mation ( bird-tracks is well        
repres5t$ by a clay specim51 ab\t an in*
 ?ick1 & t5 in*es long4 ,?is is a piece 
( dri$ clay1 obta9$ by ,presid5t        
,hit*cock f ! banks ( ! ,connecticut1 & 
produc$ by wa%+s f clay on ! %ore above1

 cov]$ ) foot-impressions ( a small     
tridactyl\s bird1 & dri$ 9 ! sun4 ,?is  
piece %[s1 9 a way n to be que/ion$1 !  
mann] 9 :i* ! anci5t ve/iges 7 produc$4 
,sir ,*>les ,lyell notic$ a simil> fact 
on ! banks ( ! ,bay ( ,fundy4           
,,organic ,,impressions4   ,! second    
great division ( fossil impressions is  
call$ ,,organic1 mean+ impressions made 
by organiz$ bodies2 ! bones ( animals1  
fi%es1 & vegetables4  ,ne> "o extremity 
( ! slab ( ! ,orni?opus ,gall9aceus is  
an elevation1 ab\t a foot long1 & betwe5
 "o & two in*es wide1 project+ f !      
surface ne>ly half an in*4 ,x has !     
appe>ance ( a r\nd b> ( iron imb$d$ 9 ! 
rock1 :i* is clayey s&/one4 ,?is app>5t 
b> ( iron 0 probably a bone1 buri$ 9 !  
/one1 n[ silicifi$ & impregnat$ ) iron2 
! animal matt] hav+ entirely disappe>$4 
,9 ! slab ( ! ,brontoz\m ,sillimanium is
 a projection ab\t sev5 or eight in*es  
long1 & half an in* wide2 probably !    
bone ( an animal1 p]haps a clavicle ( ! 
,brontoz\m ,giganteum4  ,! ve/iges (    

fi%es are v num]\s 9 ! s&/one rocks (   
,connecticut ,riv]4 ,we h n less ?an two
 doz5 specim5s f ?is locality2 a numb]  
equal to all ! o!r specim5s 9 our       
collection4 ,^! impressions ( fi%es are 
g5]ally f ?ree to six in*es long1 & ?ree
 or f\r in*es wide4 ,!y are ( ! gr&     
division d5om9at$ by ,pr(essor ,agassiz 
het]oc]cal1 hav+ _! tails unequally     
bilob$1 f ! p>tial prolongation ( !     
dorsal sp9e2 & !y are consid]$ to be (  
l[] antiquity ?an ! fi%es :i* are       
entirely het]oc]cal4 ,! mo/ rem>kable ( 
! fi%-specim5s 9 our collection is a    
,,cephalaspis 7873 ?is fi% is f\nd 9 !  
specim5 conta9+ tracks ( ! ,brontoz\m   
,gracillimum1 & traces ( a turtle or    
tortoise4 ,?is fossil 0 discov]$ 9 !    
upp] lay] ( ! old r$ s&/one ( ,scotl&1 &
 _h be5 mi/ak5 by "s = a trilobite3 to u
 x appe>$ to be a ,limulus1 b fur!r     
obs]vation leads u to believe x to be a 
,cephalaspis4 ,x exhibits a convex disc1
 f\r in*es across1 by two in*es f above 
d[nw>ds1 & a tail at "r angles ) ! disc1

 ! uncov]$ "p ( :i* is ?ree in*es long4 
,! animal has be5 describ$ by ,pr(essor 
,agassiz z be+ compos$ ( a /rong buckl]1
 ) a po9t$ horn at ei!r t]m9ation ( !   
cresc5t1 & an angul> tail4  ,to !       
vegetable impressions discov]$ among !  
s&/one rocks a peculi> "n has n yet be5 
assign$4 ,:51 h[ev]1 we consid] ! /rong 
probability t _m impressions ( /alks1   
leaves1 fruits1 & o!r p>ts ( vegetables1
 may be h]eaft] discov]$ 9 ^! rocks1 x w
 be f\nd conv5i5t to h a di/9ctive      
d5om9ation4 ,va/ numb]s ( vegetable     
impressions ( a di/9ct & beautiful      
appe>ance1 & 9 great v>iety1 h be5 f\nd 
9 ! coal-=mation1 :i* is ne>ly alli$ to 
! s&/one3 su* are ! ,sigill>ia1         
,/igm>ia1 ,equisetaceae1 ,lycopodiaceae1
 ,conif]ae1 ,cycadeae1 c4 ,x is         
suffici5t to say t ! numb] ( ^! has be5 
already swell$ to _m hundr$s3 we mu/    
also believe1 t "s ( ! impressions 9    
s&/one rocks :i* h be5 assign$ to o!r   
sub/ances ought to be attribut$ to      
vegetables4 ,we may1 !re=e1 v5ture to   

call ! vegetable impressions            
phytological4  ,a numb] ( our slabs be> 
impressions ( vegetables2 ei!r twigs (  
trees1 or spires ( plants4 ,9 a fragm5t 
brok5 f "o ( ! toes ( ! ,brontoz\m      
,giganteum1 we see a cyl9drical         
depression1 ?ree in*es long1 & half an  
in* 9 diamet]1 m>k$ by transv]se l9es1  
ab\t ! six? ( an in* ap>t1 & pres5t+ an 
unque/ionable appe>ance ( a fragm5t ( a 
twig ( an anci5t vegetable1 :i* _h be5  
trodd5 "u ! foot ( ! mighty ,brontoz\m4 
,on ! rev]s$ surface ( ! same slab are  
f\nd impressions1 :i* 7 produc$ by a    
numb] ( fragm5ts ( /icks1 five or six   
in*es long1 ly+ at "r angles1 or ne>ly  
s4 ,"o ( ^! /icks has be5 brok51 & its  
pieces are slightly displac$ f ea* o!r4 
,v>i\s o!r specim5s conta9 ! m>ks (     
/icks1 or twigs ( trees4 ,! /riae1 s    
di/9ctly disc]nable 9 a numb] ( ^!      
portions1 hav+ be5 comp>$ ) twigs ( !   
exi/+ conif]ae 7871 7 f\nd to resemble  
!m4 ,"s ( ^! /icks %[ ! appe>ance (     
incipi5t c>bonization2 yet ! rock is    

s&/one1 pres5t+1 z already m5tion$1     
di/9ct appe>ances ( qu>tz1 & o!r        
sub/ances ( :i* ! ar5ace\s rocks are    
compos$4                                
,,physical ,,impressions4   ,! ?ird     
great division ( impressions 9 ! s&/one 
rocks is call$ ,,physical1 mean+ ^? made
 by inanimate & unorganiz$ sub/ances2   
su* are ra9-drops1 ripple-m>ks1 &       
coprolites4  #a4 ,m>ks ( ra9-drops1     
describ$ on page #bj1 appe> to be q     
common4 ,we h two or ?ree specim5s 9    
relief1 & z _m 9 depression4 ,!y occur z
 foll[s3 #a/1 on ! upp] surface ( ! slab
 fir/ describ$2 #b;d1 on t ( !          
,platypt]na2 #c;d1 on t ( ! ,a,ethyopus 
,lyellianus2 #d?1 on t ( ! ,brontoz\m   
,gracillimum2 #e?1 on t ( ! ,a,ethyopus 
,m9or2 #f?1 on t ( ! ,anomoepus         
,scambus2 #g?1 on ! rec5t clay2 also 9  
"o small h&-specim51 & 9 a second       
conta9+ two fi%es4 ,!y %[ t1 9 ^? anci5t
 p]iods :5 ! ,brontoz\m ,giganteum & !  
,otoz\m resid$ 9 ^! p>ts1 %[]s 7        
frequ5t1 & probably abundant = ! supply 

( ! wants & ! gratification ( !         
appetites ( ^! animals1 !n common1 b :i*
 n[ appe> to u s extraord9>y4  #b4      
,ripple-m>ks are se5 9 a numb] ( ^!     
pieces2 = example1 on ! slab fir/       
describ$1 on ! ,brontoz\m ,sillimanium  
slab1 on ! ,brontoz\m ,gracillimum slab1
 on "o ( ! ,tria5opus1 & on ! upp]      
surface ( ! ,gre5field slab4 ,^! m>ks   
are repres5t$ by p>allel curves1 or     
/raight l9es1 di/ant f ea* o!r f half an
 in* to an in*1 & pres5t+ a slight      
degree ( prom95ce4 ,!re is ano!r =m (   
ripple-m>ks7871 diff]+ f ^? above       
describ$4 ,^! are ( a circul> &         
mammill>y =m3 !y are /rew$ ?ickly1 l    
little islets1 approximat+ to ea* o!r4  
,!y are se5 di/9ctly on "o ( ! slabs ( !
 ,brontoz\m ,sillimanium1 on t ( !      
,a,ethyopus ,lyellianus1 & "s o!rs4     
,:e!r !y are to be consid]$ z           
accumulations ( s& & clay1 =m$ by !     
action ( ! sea1 we are unc]ta92 b !re   
seems to be no o!r cause to :i* !y c be 
assign$ ) s great probability4  #c4     

,coprolites1 ! fossiliz$ ejections (    
animals1 are int]mix$ ) o!r animal      
ve/iges 9 ! s&/one ( ,connecticut ,riv]1
 & af=d additional pro( ( ! =m] exi/5ce 
( animals ab\t ^! rocks4         99     
99       99       99       99  ,! late/ 
acc\nts ( fossil footpr9ts we h _h      
occasion to notice are ^? ( ! ,cru/acea1
 already m5tion$1 z f\nd 9 ,canada1 & ( 
! ,*elonian 9 ,scotl&4 ,! ,canadian     
impressions1 call$ by ,pr(essor ,ow5    
,proti*nites1 7 discov]$ 9 ! ye> #ahdg1 
& 7 laid be=e ! ,london ,geological     
,society 9 #ahea4 ,! mo/ rem>kable      
circum/ance ab\t !m 0 _! exi/5ce1 z     
already /at$1 9 a :ite s&/one1 ne> !    
banks ( ! ,riv] ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 at        
,beauh>nais4 ,?is s&/one1 :i* has be5   
describ$ by ,new ,york geologi/s "u ! "n
 ( ,potsdam1 is ?\ght to belong to !    
,silurian sy/em1 & to h a high]         
antiquity ?an ev5 ! old r$4  ,! ,scot*  
foot/eps are situat$ 9 ! old r$ s&/one1 
& are ^? ( a ,*elonian4 ,s t we h n[ two
 s]ies ( tracks1 ! ,cru/acea 9 ,canada &

 ! ,*elonian 9 ,scotl&1 ( high]         
antiquity ?an any :i* _h be5 previ\sly  
discov]$4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,on a review ( ! labors (  
,presid5t ,hit*cock1 we are /ruck )     
admiration at ! imm5se details t1 9 !   
mid/ ( ardu\s (ficial & lit]>y duties1  
he has be5 able to g ?r\gh ) 9 ! p]iod  
s9ce ! foot-tracks 7 discov]$ on        
,connecticut ,riv]4 ,al?\gh 8 labors    
%\ld be modifi$ by succe$+ obs]v]s1     
,sci5ce mu/ be ev] grateful to him =    
lay+ ! f\ndation1 & do+ s mu* = !       
completion1 ( a "w s great1 novel1 &    
int]e/+4  ,?is inquiry seems to u to    
promise a ri* v>iety2 & we hope t       
,presid5t ,hit*cock & o!r obs]v]s w     
cont9ue to explore & cultivate x )      
undim9i%$ zeal4                         
,,description ,,( ,,! ,,plate4   ,we are
 indebt$ to ,photography = enabl+ u to  
repres5t ! rem>kable slab f ,gre5field1 
& its num]\s objects1 9 a small space1  
yet ) p]fect accuracy4 ,?is slab is f\r 
feet sev5 & "o-half in*es 9 "o          

direction1 & f\r feet "o in* transv]sely
 to ?is2 9 ?ickness x measures ab\t an  
in*4 ,x is compos$ ( gray s&/one1 9 :i* 
! micace\s elem5t is conspicu\s1 &      
conta9s _m int]e/+ impressions on bo?   
surfaces4  ,! mo/ int]e/+ surface is !  
inf]ior2 & ! objects are1 ( c\rse1      
pres5t$ 9 relief4 ,!y are1 fir/1 two    
,*elonian tracks2 second1 f\r sets (    
bird-tracks2 ?ird1 foot/eps ( an unkn[n 
animal4 ,! ,*elonian tracks are two 9   
numb]3 ! longe/ measures f\r feet t5    
in*es2 ! %ort]1 two feet n9e in*es4 ,bo?
 ( ^! impressions are made app>5tly by !
 pla/ron ( ! turtle4 ,!y are f f\r to   
eight in*es 9 wid?1 & compos$ ( elevat$ 
/riae4 ,^! /riae are =m$ by rais$ l9es1 
pursu+ a c\rse g5]ally regul>1 b        
accompani$ ) "s inflections3 !y are1 z !
 plate repres5ts1 v di/9ct4 ,! %ort]    
track appe>$ to me to be cross$ by      
ano!r2 b ! photographic impression1 ?\gh
 only a few in*es long1 enabl$ me to    
asc]ta9 t ?is appe>ance 0 produc$ by    
bird-tracks above & bel[4  ,!           

bird-tracks are all tridactyl\s4 ,! fir/
 set lies above & to ! "r ( ! %ort]     
turtle-track1 & is compos$ ( only two   
/eps1 proce$+ 9 ! c\rse ( ! plate       
d[nw>ds4 ,! second set ( bird-tracks has
 five impressions1 ext5d+ f ! "r sup]ior
 po9t$ angle ( ! slab across ! small    
turtle-track to ! l>g]1 9 :i* x is lo/4 
,! ?ird set ( bird-tracks beg9s by an   
impression l>g] ?an any o!r on ! piece  
at ! left extremity ( ! long]           
turtle-track2 & ! rema9d]1 ?ree 9 numb]1
 desc5d+ t[>ds ! "r1 are ! lea/ di/9ct (
 any4 ,! f\r? set ( bird-tracks beg9s   
bel[ ! long] turtle-track1 & asc5ds by  
f\r impressions1 cross+ ! track till x  
meets ! fir/4  ,! mo/ curi\s track1     
consi/+ ( six digitat$ impressions1 /ill
 rema9s4 ,! fir/ is se5 on ! left ( !   
long] turtle-track1 ne> ! l>ge/         
bird-track2 ! second is on ! track2 !   
?ird is above ! track2 ! o!rs cross !   
slab by fa9t] impressions4 ,ea* ( !m is 
compos$ by two feet1 & ea* foot conta9s 
f\r toes1 :i* are se5 m di/9ctly 9 "s   

impressions ?an 9 o!rs4 ,! l>ge/ ( ^!   
d\ble tracks is ab\t ?ree in*es 9       
diamet]4 ,p]haps x w\ld be useless to   
speculate ^u :at k9d ( animal !y 7 made 
by4 ,!re is a simil>ity betwe5 ^! & !   
tracks ( ! ,anomoepus ,scambus1 spok5 ( 
9 ! six? gr\p4 ,9 ! latt]1 h[ev]1 ! toes
 are five & ?ree4 ,"s exp]i5c$ p]sons   
?9k !y are tracks ( ! m9k1 ,mu/ela      
,lutreola1 an animal common at ! pres5t 
day 9 ^! p>ts4 ,?is has five toes2 b x  
may be 9 ?is z 9 "s o!r digitigrades1 t 
"o ( ! toes 9 ea* foot does n make an   
impression2 or p]haps x is saf] to      
believe1 till fur!r inve/igation is     
made1 t x 0 an animal ( a con/ruction n 
n[ exi/+4  ,! direction ( ^! tracks     
pres5ts a puzzle we are n able to       
unravel2 x exhibits ! impressions ( f\r 
toes1 & we h suppos$ x might possess    
five4 ,9 ei!r ( ^! cases1 we h no "r to 
consid] x a bird-track1 b probably a    
reptile or a mammal4 ,admitt+ ?is to be 
! fact1 we are unable to acc\nt = !     
direction ( ! /eps1 :i* is n alt]nate1 z

 9 ! quadrup$1 b 9 /raight l9es4 ,9 o!r 
words1 ?is animal1 suppos$ to h f\r     
legs1 gives u ! impressions ( two only1 
& bo? ( ^! plac$ toge!r4  ,:5 !         
tridactyl\s tracks are att5tively       
consid]$1 comp>$ ) ea* o!r1 & ) !       
digitat$ tracks1 !y appe> to exhibit !  
"* ( ! impressions ( ! feet ( birds s v 
decid$ly1 t x w\ld require some?+ m ?an 
a philosophic incr$ulity to "q _!       
orni?ic orig94  ,! o!r side ( ?is slab  
conta9s int]e/+ impressions4 ,9 ! fir/  
place1 ?is surface is cov]$ )           
ripple-m>ks1 ea* ab\t two in*es broad1  
ext5d+ ) v>i\s degrees ( di/9ctness     
across ! slab1 & hav+ an int]val ( an   
in*4 ,! wid? ( ! ridges is great] ?an 9 
any ( ! specim5s we h se54  ,?is surface
 is almo/ cov]$ by ra9-drops4 ,x has    
also1 among o!r impressions1 "o :i* has 
be5 drawn by ,mr4 ,silsbee1 our         
photographi/1 & repres5t$ by ! figure   
bel[ ( its prop] size4 ,?is figure1     
ne>ly f\r & a half in*es 9 l5g?1 is an  
exact resemblance 9 =m1 b n 9 size1 ( ! 

great ,otoz\m1 z depict$ by ,presid5t   
,hit*cock1 & %[n by ! actual impression1
 9 our h&s1 ( ! great foot1 tw5ty in*es 
long1 & ( proportionate bread?4 ,! =m ( 
! heel1 or po/]ior "p ( ! foot1 is !    
same 9 ! two figures2 ! toes are equal 9
 bo?1 viz4 f\r 9 numb]2 ! two int]nal   
toes correspond 9 _! articulations1 & ! 
two ext]nal are ne>ly alike1 ) a little 
all[ance = a diff]5t am\nt ( adipose    
texture4 ,:e!r ?is 0 ! impression ( an  
infant ,otoz\m1 ,i pret5d n to det]m9e3 
! draw+ 0 tak5 by a g5tleman :o knew    
no?+ ( ! ,otoz\m4 ,!re are simil>       
impressions1 small] ?an t la/ describ$1 
on ! same surface4  ,! /one1 ?\gh n[ v  
h>d & intractable1 hav+ resi/$ all !    
*emical ag5ts we c\ld employ1 mu/ h     
rema9$ 9 a s(t /ate = "s "t2 = !        
impressions ( ! foot %[n bel[ p5etrate  
to ! opposite surface4                  
,illu/ration3 ,fossil foot impression   
,9 ?is description we h n attempt$ to   
po9t out all ! objects wor?y ( int]e/ on
 bo? sides ( ?is curi\s slab4 ,e "p ( x 

is full ( int]e/1 & pres5ts a field =   
protract$ obs]vations4 ,! surface       
repres5t$ 9 ! plate may1 by ! aid ( a   
magnifi]1 be /udi$ )\t ! pres5ce ( !    
/one itself2 = ! photographic art       
displays ! mo/ m9ute objects )\t        
alt]ation or omission4            99    
99       99       99       99           
,transcrib]'s ,notes4  ,) ! exception ( 
sev]al presum$ typographical error :i* h
 be5 *ang$ z not$ bel[1 ! text pres5t$  
is t %[n 9 ! orig9al pr9t$ v]sion4 ,!   
orig9al text includ$ ,greek *>act]s4 ,= 
?is text v]sion ^! lett]s h be5 replac$ 
) translit]ations4 ,also1 ! ',,ae' &    
'ae' ligatures are includ$ 7= examples1 
,a,ethyopus & /riae72 b ! 'oe' ligatures
 7= example1 ,anomoepus7 are %[n z 'oe' 
= readability z ! ligature "* is n      
pres5t 9 _m fonts4  ,typographical      
,errors3      ,alleghanies  ,allegh5ies 
7,pg4 #ah7     ,ma/odon ,giganteus4     
,ma/odon ,giganteus1 7,pg4 #be7         
,emphasis ,notation3       text   -     
italiciz$