,,raemaekers'  ,,cartoon  ,,history ,,of
 ,,the ,,war  ,illustration3 ,louis     
,raemaekers      ,,raemaekers'          
,,cartoon  ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,war   
,,compiled ,,by  ,j4 ,,murray ,,allison 
,editor of ,raemaekers' ,cartoons1      
,kultur in ,cartoons1  ,the ,century    
,edition de ,luxe ,raemaekers'          
,cartoons1 etc4   ,,volume ,,one  ,,the 
,,first ,,twelve ,,months ,,of ,,war    
,,new ,,york  ,,the ,,century ,,co4     
#aiah      ,copyright1 #aiah1 by  ,,the 
,,century ,,co4     ,,foreword   ,in all
 the welter of the tragic upheaval which
 is shattering institutions once thought
 immutable1 condemning millions to      
physical death and awakening other      
millions to spiritual life1 making      
staggering discoveries of unexpected    
human strength or weakness1 thrusting   
men into fame one day or to oblivion the
 next1 there has been nothing more      
dramatic than the sudden manifestation  
of the genius of the ,dutchman1 ,louis  
,raemaekers1 who1 as ,europe recoiled   

from the first shock of ,german         
barbarity1 threw down his brush for his 
pencil and by the intensity of his      
spirit aroused the compassion and fired 
the anger of the world with his cartoons
 of the ,belgian violation4  ,he1 more  
than any other individual1 has made     
intensely clear to the people the single
 issue upon which the war is joined4    
,more than cartoonist1 he is teacher and
 preacher1 with the vision1 faith1 and  
intensity of a ,st4 ,francis1 a ,luther1
 or a ,joan of ,arc4  ,on ,august #a1   
#aiad1 we find him a quiet1 gentle man1 
the son of a country editor1 happy in   
his family1 devout1 contemplative1      
loving beauty and peace1 contentedly    
painting the good and lovely things he  
saw among the tulip-fields and          
waterways1 the cattle and the wind-mills
 of his own native ,holland before the  
gray-clad millions of the ,kaiser burst 
into the low countries with fire and    
sword4  ,then comes the miracle of his  
transformation2 the idyllic is thrust   

aside by the hideous reality2 beauty is 
drowned in a bestial orgy of force2 and 
in place of the passive painter arises  
the fiery preacher2 the brush is        
discarded for the pencil1 and the pencil
 in his hands becomes an avenging sword1
 because by it millions of people have  
been aroused to a clear-cut realization 
of the fact that the issue of this war  
is no less than ,slavery and ,autocracy 
versus ,freedom and ,democracy4  ,the   
very first of his war cartoons indicated
 the prophetic vision of the man1 and   
gave the first evidence of his          
inspiration and genius4 ,it is called   
,christendom after ,twenty ,centuries   
and shows a bowed and weeping figure    
crouching under the sword and lash4 ,it 
was drawn on that fateful day ,august   
#ast1 #aiad4 ,the intensity of emotion  
shown in this drawing revealed his power
 for the first time4 ,to ,raemaekers    
himself it came as a vision and a       
summons4 ,the landscape painter         
disappeared1 and in his place arose a   

champion of civilization1 throbbing with
 sublime rage and pity1 clothed with    
authority1 and invested with a weapon   
more powerful than the ruthlessness it  
indicts4  ,when the stories of the      
,belgian horror began to circulate in   
,holland1 ,raemaekers1 like the rest of 
the humane world1 refused to credit     
them4 ,his own mother was ,german2 he   
had spent many happy years in ,germany2 
he knew the ,german peasant as a kindly 
and happy1 if rather stupid fellow2 it  
was incredible that such men could have 
done the awful things alleged4 ,but the 
tales persisted1 and although the       
evidence of the wracked and broken      
refugees who poured into his country by 
tens of thousands seemed irrefutable1 he
 could not believe it1 and readily      
seized upon the common supposition that 
the terrible stories were the product of
 the imagination of an overwrought and  
panic-stricken people4 ,at length he    
could remain in doubt no longer1 and    
quietly slipped over the frontier to    

verify for himself the truth or         
falsehood of the accusations that had   
already made ,germany guilty of the     
foulest crimes ever perpetrated in the  
name of war since the dawn of           
civilization4  ,what he actually saw    
with his own eyes he does not tell4 ,but
 a hundred of his early cartoons bear   
witness to the burning impression made  
upon his soul4 ,raemaekers1 like others 
who have seen them1 cannot speak of     
these unnamable horrors1 but can only   
express his consuming pity or his       
white-hot rage in the medium that lies  
nearest his hand4 ,on one occasion only 
has he publicly referred to his         
experiences in ,belgium4 ,it was at a   
dinner given him by the artists and     
literary men of ,london at the ,savage  
,club1 where1 pointing to the portraits 
and trophies of ,peary1 ,scott1 ,nansen1
 ,shackleton1 and other explorers which 
hang on the walls1 he said3 ,i1 too1    
have been an explorer1 ,gentlemen4 ,i   
have explored a hell1 and it was terror 

unspeakable4  ,it did not take long for 
the ,high ,command in ,berlin to learn  
through its agents in ,holland of the   
impression that was being created in the
 public mind by ,raemaekers' cartoons4  
,the publication of his first series of 
cartoons in the ,amsterdam ,telegraaf1  
reflecting the unspeakable horror of the
 atrocities in ,belgium and denouncing  
with burning scorn the ,kaiser and his  
infamous captains1 gave such offense to 
the ,all-,highest in ,potsdam that the  
,german ,government offered twelve      
thousand guilders for his body dead or  
alive6 ,further magnificent testimony to
 the hurt he inflicted on our common    
adversaries lies in the fact that the   
,german ,government1 not content with   
offering a reward for his body1 induced 
the ,dutch ,government to prosecute him 
for endangering the neutrality of       
,holland6 ,he was actually tried on this
 charge1 but although he had not spared 
the burghers and junkers of his own     
country for what he considered their    

criminal laxity in the matter of        
preparedness and their greed in aiding  
,germany by the smuggling of foodstuffs1
 etc41 across the frontier1 the jury    
acquitted him and the court tacitly     
confirmed his right to express his      
opinions4  ,it was after this that the  
,cologne ,gazette in an editorial       
addressed to the ,dutch people1         
obviously seeking to intimidate what its
 government could not suppress1 said3   
,after the war ,germany will settle     
accounts with ,holland1 and for each    
calumny1 for each cartoon of            
,raemaekers1 she will demand payment    
with the interest that is her due4      
,german wrath followed him further4 ,his
 life was constantly endangered at the  
hands of ,german agents infesting       
,holland1 and he had to be always on his
 guard1 especially during his periodical
 excursions into ,belgian territory     
occupied by the enemy4 ,even before he  
crossed to ,england1 his wife received  
anonymous letters warning her that any  

ship he might sail on would surely be   
torpedoed4  ,as late as ,november1      
#aiaf1 an exhibition of his cartoons in 
,madrid was forbidden by the ,spanish   
,government upon the insistence of the  
,german embassy in that capital4  ,it is
 significant to note that these         
attempted persecutions had an effect    
directly opposite to that intended4     
,they not only failed to stop the       
publication of his cartoons but were    
largely instrumental in drawing the     
attention of the ,allies and neutrals to
 the great champion that had arisen4    
,for eighteen months his cartoons had   
been appearing in the ,amsterdam        
,telegraaf without exciting a more than 
mild interest outside ,holland4         
,american and ,british                  
war-correspondents returning to ,london 
from ,amsterdam talked enthusiastically 
of the ,great ,raemaekers and a few     
stray cartoons appeared in the press of 
,london and ,paris4 ,but he was         
practically unknown outside of ,holland 

until ,christmas week in ,december1     
#aiae1 a year and a half after his first
 war-cartoon had appeared4  ,a two-line 
advertisement announced his arrival in  
the ,british metropolis4 ,exhibition of 
war-cartoons by ,raemaekers1 ,fine ,arts
 ,galleries1 ,bond ,street1 admission   
one shilling1 was all it said4 ,while   
,londoners are generally interested in  
new artists1 ,raemaekers appeared at an 
inopportune time4 ,for one thing1 the   
public had been rather surfeited with   
war-literature and war-pictures and the 
work of an unknown foreign artist was   
scarcely likely to attract them1 and for
 another1 it was within a few days of   
,christmas1 everybody was leaving       
,london1 and those who remained in town 
were bent on giving the troops and the  
war-sufferers as merry a time as        
possible4  ,it was quite by chance that 
the art critic of the ,london ,times    
visited the ,bond ,street ,galleries a  
day or so before ,christmas1 and        
,raemaekers' world-wide fame as it      

exists to-day may be said to date from  
the day that the ,times in a two-column 
notice said1 among other things1 this   
neutral is the only genius produced by  
the war4  ,the campaign of publicity    
launched by the ,times was taken up by  
the ,british and ,french press4 ,the    
public flocked to view1 and were stunned
 as they had never been before by the   
damning record4 ,the cumulative effect  
of such pictures as ,the ,shields of    
,rosselaere1 showing men1 women1 and    
children forced to march in front of the
 ,german armies1 ,men to the right1     
women to the left1 in which women and   
children are being beaten with the butts
 of rifles2 ,the ,exodus from ,antwerp1 
,the ,mothers of ,belgium1 ,the ,widows 
of ,belgium1 and others which revealed  
unimaginable depths of human agony1     
impressed the ,london crowd as by a     
solemn ritual4 ,they saw with a         
vividness hitherto unapproached the     
hideousness of the war1 the unequivocal 
brutality of the ,german method1 and the

 naked1 insatiable greed in the ,german 
purpose4 ,not now could the timidest    
soul believe that ,germany was fighting 
a war of defense4 ,here was the fact    
inescapable that civilization itself was
 threatened2 here was the whole carnival
 of lust and conquest as mercilessly    
depicted on the faces of its agents as  
they themselves had trampled onward to  
their shocking goal4  ,the exhibition   
was crowded daily for twenty weeks4     
,from nine in the morning till six at   
night the galleries were packed with    
people of every grade of society4 ,it is
 not too much to say that no oration1 no
 literature1 no art had brought the real
 meaning of the war home so convincingly
 to ,londoners as these cartoons4       
,parents who had already given their    
sons1 wives who had given husbands1 were
 strengthened in their resignation and  
comforted in their sorrow2 those who yet
 had the sacrifice to make were         
fortified in their resolve4 ,as ,i have 
said1 the cumulative effect of these    

hundred and fifty cartoons on the       
emotions of a people just awakening to  
and suffering from the desperate        
realities of the war was almost         
overwhelming1 and many a man and woman  
quivered and cried under this pitiless  
revelation of the stupendous suffering  
that had been and was yet to be4  ,the  
exhibition was carried from ,london to  
the principal ,english and ,scottish    
cities1 and thence to ,paris4           
,everywhere the story was the same4     
,crowds flocked to see and heed the     
artist's fiery records2 statesmen1      
soldiers1 artists did him honor4 ,in    
,london he was received by the ,prime   
,minister and the artistic and learned  
societies2 in ,paris he was made a      
,chevalier of the ,legion of ,honor and 
given a reception at the ,sorbonne--the 
highest purely intellectual honor that  
can be bestowed upon any man4 ,france1  
equally with ,england1 acclaimed him as 
the new champion of humanity4 ,in the   
provincial cities of ,england1 as in    

,london1 crowds thronged the galleries  
daily for weeks at a time4 ,in          
,liverpool alone five thousand persons  
visited the exhibition in one afternoon2
 ,birmingham1 ,manchester1 ,leeds1      
,glasgow1 ,edinburgh told the same story
 of the people being aroused and        
inspirited as though a new evangel had  
come to tell them that their cause was  
sacred and their sacrifice not vain4    
,in a few months his genius was         
universally recognized and his position 
as the supreme cartoonist of the war    
firmly established4 ,and now that he had
 the appreciation and the scope that    
were his due1 he threw himself into his 
work with even greater ardor4 ,he made  
recruiting posters for the army and     
navy2 he depicted the shortage of shells
 and called on men and women to man the 
munition factories2 he contributed      
posters to stimulate thrift and industry
 and contributions to the ,government   
funds2 he worked for both the ,british  
and the ,french ,red ,cross1 and for    

private and public charities            
innumerable2 his pen never flagged4     
,while the wrongs of ,belgium had been  
the first incentive to his genius1 he   
now dealt with the war in all its later 
phases1 and found subjects wherever the 
blight of ,kaiserism traveled--in       
,france1 ,russia1 ,serbia1 ,rumania1    
,italy1 and the ,far ,east2 and in the  
,zeppelin raids1 the ,armenian          
massacres1 the ,belgian and ,french     
deportations1 the ,red ,cross outrages1 
and the submarine infamies4  ,as a mere 
material record of industry1            
,raemaekers' is probably unique in the  
world's history4 ,since the beginning of
 the war he has drawn nearly #ajjj      
cartoons4 ,there is not a single phase  
of the war1--military1 naval1 or        
political1--that has not formed a basis 
for his artistic comment4 ,some three   
hundred of the cartoons have been       
reproduced in facsimile form1 and in    
that state have been exhibited in       
hundreds of cities throughout the world4

  ,in book form his work exists already 
in a dozen editions1 from the sumptuous 
edition-de-luxe at one hundred dollars  
to the popular 7,british7 edition at    
four cents4  ,post-card editions of the 
cartoons run into many millions2 his    
cartoons have been filmed1 exist as     
lantern-slides1 and leading actors and  
actresses have reproduced them in the   
form of tableaux4 ,but it is in the     
world's press that the greatest         
distribution has taken place4 ,he is    
cartoonist to half a hundred newspapers1
 and literally thousands of different   
publications have reproduced his        
pictures at one time or another4 ,he has
 been translated into a score of        
languages1 the writer having seen one   
edition in ,basque and another in       
,arabic4 ,in the ,united ,states alone  
his cartoons in one year have reached a 
newspaper circulation of over           
#cjj1jjj1jjj1 and exhibitions have been 
held in over one hundred of the leading 
cities4  ,and all this gigantic         

distribution has grown during the two   
years that have passed since his        
cartoons were first exhibited in        
,london4 ,it is a record that has never 
yet been equalled4 ,what is the secret  
of this man's appeal to men and women in
 all stations of life1 to people of     
every creed and nationality8 ,in ,europe
 nearly all1 and in ,america a great    
many1 of the leading writers and        
thinkers have acclaimed the genius of   
,raemaekers1 but none have been able to 
tell us why it is that his pictures     
appeal with equal intensity to the      
,briton1 the ,latin1 the ,slav1 and the 
,american4 ,a writer in the ,boston     
,transcript perhaps comes nearest to the
 truth4 ,he says3 ,the mantle of ,dante 
has fallen upon ,raemaekers2 he leads   
the conscience of the world to-day      
through an inferno of wrong4  ,this     
world-wide recognition is conclusive    
testimony to the universality of his    
genius4 ,raemaekers appeals to all      
mankind4 ,the value of his contribution 

to the cause of civilization in this war
 lies in the fact that he has seen and  
depicted with the directness and clarity
 of genius the truth that the issue is  
joined between the forces of evil and   
good4 ,for him there are no other       
considerations1 no qualifications1 no   
compromises4 ,he has but one enemy1 and 
that is the destroyer of peace and      
civilization2 he has but one hero1 and  
that is the defender of them4 ,he sees  
in war itself no pomp and glitter1 but  
only the burning village1 the devastated
 home1 the agonized women and children1 
and the brave and faithful dead4 ,he    
depicts militarism as hideous1 brutal1  
coarse1 and cunning4 ,his one thought   
seems to be that those things which all 
kindly and gentle men and women hold    
dear and sacred are being trampled upon 
and threatened by a monstrous wrong2 and
 that the ideals of justice1 order1 and 
human liberty which have been           
established in the conscience of        
humanity after centuries of painful     

struggle are in danger of annihilation4 
,in thus narrowing the issue1 in thus   
resolving all doubt1 he has1 in the     
words of ,theodore ,roosevelt1 rendered 
the most powerful of the honorable      
contributions by neutrals to the cause  
of civilization4 ,raemaekers' name and  
work will live long after many of the   
men and their achievements in this war  
have faded from the general mind4       
,future generations will look at his    
cartoons and will find in them at once  
the cause and the justification of the  
rising of the world's free peoples to   
give their lives for freedom and the    
safety of democracy4         99       99
       99       99       99  ,the       
historical value of the cartoons have   
frequently been insisted upon by critics
 and reviewers and ,i have been urged to
 publish them in the form of a cartoon  
,history of the ,war4 ,the present      
attempt is the outcome of these         
suggestions4  ,it has not been possible 
to adhere to any very definite method of

 arrangement4 ,many of the cartoons were
 drawn long after the events with which 
they deal took place1 as1 for instance1 
the ,wittenberg pictures4 ,the typhus   
outbreak amongst the prisoners at       
,wittenberg happened in ,december1      
#aiad1 but the facts were not made      
public until ,may1 #aiaf4 ,on the other 
hand1 the cartoon depicting ,count von  
,bernstorff's dismissal from ,washington
 was published two years before he was  
handed his passports4 ,it was a cartoon 
based upon the activities of ,dumba4 ,a 
great number of cartoons1 particularly  
those published during the early months 
of the war1 have no direct historical   
significance4 ,the ,belgian cartoons    
constitute a general indictment of the  
,german method of warfare1 while the    
,nurse ,cavell drawings 7,vol4 ,,ii47   
represent a specific comment upon an    
actual example of that method4 ,the     
letterpress has been compiled mainly    
from official communiques and reports1  
and from the speeches and public        

statements of the leading men of the    
belligerents and some of the neutrals4  
,i have also quoted freely from         
newspapers1 magazines1 and books1 and   
whenever possible ,i have made          
acknowledgment of these sources4 ,my    
object has been not to explain the      
cartoons1 but to show their great value 
as historical documents and to make     
sure1 so far as is possible1 that the   
basis of truth upon which they rest     
shall not be forgotten4                 
,j4 ,,murray ,,allison4  ,,new ,,york1  
,christmas ,day1 #aiag4     ,,note ,,on 
,,the ,,belgian ,,cartoons   ,the       
cartoons which appear on the following  
pages up to and including page #hf call 
for special reference4  ,they represent 
,raemaekers' impression of the behaviour
 of the ,german troops in ,belgium      
during the first weeks of the invasion4 
,the great majority of them were drawn  
long before any ,official ,reports were 
published1 and not1 as would seem       
natural1 as illustrations of the        

,reports which were eventually published
 by the ,belgian1 ,french1 and ,british 
,governments4 ,the cartoon on page #hf  
was drawn after the publication of the  
,british ,government's ,official        
,report4 ,it is important to realise    
this4 ,it is also necessary to remember 
that the ,german atrocities began       
actually at the moment that the ,german 
troops crossed the frontier on the      
evening of ,august #crd and continued in
 unabated violence until the defeat at  
the ,marne4  ,after the retreat of the  
,germans from ,paris the ,german        
,general ,staff appear to have altered  
its cold-blooded policy in ,belgium and 
,france4 ,from that moment1 when the    
carefully prepared blow at the heart of 
,france had failed and when the         
possibility of defeat began to dawn upon
 the ,potsdam mind1 organised robbery1  
murder1 arson and rape were discontinued
 or at least toned down as a feature of 
,german warfare4 ,whilst that           
method--the ,official ,reports of the   

,allied ,governments' ,commissions of   
,enquiry prove conclusively it was a    
method--continued1 ,raemaekers          
concentrated his pencil upon it and     
neglected the strictly military and     
political happenings4 ,that is why ,i   
have grouped the ,belgian cartoons at   
the beginning of this volume4 ,they do  
really represent the first phase of the 
war4 ,with regard to the extracts that  
,i have selected to face the ,belgian   
cartoons ,i would ask the reader to     
remember that they have been taken      
largely from ,official ,reports issued  
after the drawings were published4      
,raemaekers' pictorial indictment came  
first4 ,he was justified later by the   
sworn evidence of eye-witnesses4  ,i    
think perhaps that it is necessary to   
make these observations in case the     
letterpress facing the ,belgian cartoons
 should not in many cases be considered 
quite apt4                              
,j4 ,m4 ,a4          99       99        
99       99       99     ,,christendom  

,,after ,,twenty ,,centuries            
,raemaekers' first war cartoon1         
originally published on the first of    
,august1 #aiad4  ,illustration3 ,,de    
,,menschheid ,,na #bj ,,eeuwen          
,,christendom     ,,the ,,harvest ,,is  
,,ripe   ,on the evening of ,august #c  
the ,german troops cross the frontier4  
,the storm burst so suddenly that       
neither party had time to adjust its    
mind to the situation4 ,the ,germans    
seem to have expected an easy passage4  
,the ,belgian population1 never dreaming
 of an attack1 were startled and        
stupefied4  ,from the very beginning of 
the operations the civilian population  
of the villages lying upon the line of  
the ,german advance were made to        
experience the extreme horrors of war4  
,on the #dth of ,august1 says one       
witness1 at ,herve ,i saw at about #b   
o'clock in the afternoon1 near the      
station1 five ,uhlans2 these were the   
first ,german troops ,i had seen4 ,they 
were followed by a ,german officer and  

some soldiers in a motor car4 ,the men  
in the car called out to a couple of    
young fellows who were standing about   
thirty yards away4 ,the young men1 being
 afraid1 ran off and then the ,germans  
fired and killed one of them named ,d4  
,the murder of this innocent fugitive   
civilian was a prelude to the burning   
and pillage of ,herve and of other      
villages in the neighborhood1 to the    
indiscriminate shooting of civilians of 
both sexes1 and to the organized        
military execution of batches of        
selected males4       ,british          
,government ,committee's ,report4       
,illustration     ,i ,,crush ,,whatever 
,,resists ,,me   ,the wrong--,i speak   
openly--that we are committing we will  
endeavor to make good as soon as our    
military goal has been reached4 ,anybody
 who is threatened as we are threatened1
 and is fighting for his highest        
possessions1 can have only one          
thought--how is he to hack his way      
through4            ,,von               

,,bethmann-,,hollweg4     ,reichstag1   
,august #d1 #aiae4  ,with a clear       
conscience ,germany goes to the         
battlefield4       ,,the ,,kaiser1      
,august1 #aiad4  ,illustration          
,,this ,,is ,,how ,i ,,deal ,,with      
,,small ,,fry   ,we are now in a state  
of necessity1 and necessity knows no    
law4 ,our troops have occupied          
,luxemburg and perhaps are already on   
,belgian soil4 ,gentlemen1 that is      
contrary to the dictates of             
international law4 ,it is true that the 
,french ,government has declared at     
,brussels that ,france is willing to    
respect the neutrality of ,belgium1 so  
long as her opponent respects it4 ,we   
knew1 however1 that ,france stood ready 
for invasion4 ,france could wait1 but we
 could not wait4 ,a ,french movement    
upon our flank upon the lower ,rhine    
might have been disastrous4 ,so we were 
compelled to override the just protest  
of the ,luxemburg and ,belgian          
,governments4                     ,,von 

,,bethmann-,,hollweg1     ,reichstag1   
,berlin1 #dth ,august1 '#ad4            
,illustration     ,,gott ,,mitt ,,uns   
,remember that the ,german people are   
the chosen of ,god4 ,on me1 the ,german 
,emperor1 the spirit of ,god has        
descended4 ,i am ,his sword1 ,his weapon
 and ,his vicegerent4 ,woe to the       
disobedient and death to cowards and    
unbelievers4      ,from ,,the           
,,kaiser',s speech to his      soldiers 
on the way to the front4  ,illustration 
,,satan',s ,,partner  ,bernhardi3 ,war  
is as divine as eating and drinking     
,satan3 ,here is a partner for me   ,the
 inevitableness1 the idealism1 the      
blessing of war as an indispensable and 
stimulating law of development must be  
repeatedly emphasized4  444 ,war is the 
greatest factor in the furtherance of   
culture and power4 ,efforts to secure   
peace are extraordinarily detrimental as
 soon as they influence politics4  444  
,efforts directed toward the abolition  
of war are not only foolish1 but        

absolutely immoral1 and must be         
stigmatized as unworthy of the human    
race4  444 ,in fact1 the ,state is a law
 unto itself4 ,weak nations have not the
 same right to live as powerful and     
vigorous nations4      ,germany and the 
,next ,war4 #aiaa4                      
,,gen4 ,,von ,,bernhardi4  ,illustration
     ,,mon ,,fils4 ,,belgium1 #aiad     
,ah6 was your boy among the twelve this 
morning8 ,then you'll find him among    
this lot   ,when the ,german cavalry    
occupied the village of ,linsmeau not a 
man of the civilian population took part
 in the fighting4 ,nevertheless the     
village was invaded at dusk on ,august  
#aj and all the male inhabitants were   
compelled to come forward and hand over 
whatever arms they possessed4 ,no       
recently discharged firearms were found4
 ,the invaders divided these peasants in
 three groups1 those in one were bound1 
and #aa of them placed in a ditch1 where
 they were afterwards found dead4       
,,belgian ,,gov4 ,,commission',s        

,,report4  ,illustration     ,,the      
,,shields ,,of ,r,oe,s,s,e,l,a,e,r,e    
,in a cafe1 lower down1 near the canal1 
,i saw a number of ,german soldiers1 and
 was successful in having a chat with   
the inn-keeper1 at the farthest corner  
of the bar4 ,i asked1 of course1 what   
they meant by burning the village1 and  
he told me that the ,germans had made a 
number of successful attacks on ,fort   
,pontisse1 until at last they had       
reduced it to silence4 ,they were now so
 near that they could open the final    
assault4 ,they were afraid1 however1 of 
some ambush1 or underground mine1 and   
the ,friday before they had collected   
the population1 whom they forced to     
march in front of them4 ,when they had  
got quite near they dared not enter it  
yet1 and drove the priest and twelve of 
the principal villagers before them4    
,the ,german ,fury in ,belgium1         
,by ,l4 ,,mokveld4  ,illustration       
,,they ,,shot ,,her ,,as ,a             
,,franc-,,tireur   ,we ourselves regret 

deeply that during these fights the town
 of ,loewen has been destroyed to a     
great extent4 ,needless to say that     
these consequences are not intentional  
on our part1 but cannot be avoided in   
this infamous franc-tireur war being led
 against us4  ,whoever knows the        
good-natured character of our troops    
cannot seriously pretend that they are  
inclined to needless or frivolous       
destruction4       ,,german ,,general   
,,staff4     ,berlin1 ,august1 #aiad4   
,illustration     ,,aerschot ,,and      
,,afterwards   ,the ,german troops      
penetrated into ,aerschot1 a town of    
#h1jjj inhabitants1 on ,wednesday1 ,aug4
 #ai1 in the morning4 ,no ,belgian      
forces remained behind4 ,no sooner did  
the ,germans enter the town than they   
shot five or six inhabitants whom they  
caused to leave their houses4 ,in the   
evening1 pretending that a superior     
,german officer had been killed on the  
,grand ,place by the son of the         
,burgomaster1 or1 according to another  

version of the story1 that a conspiracy 
had been hatched against the superior   
commandant by the ,burgomaster and his  
family1 the ,germans took every man who 
was inside of ,aerschot2 they led them1 
fifty at a time1 some distance from the 
town1 grouped them in lines of four men1
 and1 making them run ahead of them1    
shot them and killed them afterward with
 their bayonets4 ,more than forty men   
were found thus massacred4              
,,belgian ,,gov4 ,,commission',s        
,,report4  ,illustration                
,,bernhardism3  ,it's all right4 ,if ,i 
hadn't done it someone else might   ,as 
regards private property1 respect among 
,german troops simply does not exist4   
,by the universal testimony of every    
,british officer and soldier ,i have    
interrogated the progress of the ,german
 troops is like a plague of locusts over
 the land4 ,what they can not carry off 
they destroy4 ,furniture is thrown into 
the street1 pictures are riddled with   
bullets and pierced by sword cuts1      

municipal registers burnt1 the contents 
of shops scattered on the floor1 drawers
 rifled1 live stock slaughtered and     
carcasses left to rot in the fields4    
,cases of petty larceny by ,german      
soldiers appear to be innumerable2 they 
take whatever seizes their fancy1 and   
leave the towns they evacuate laden like
 pedlars4 ,empty ammunition wagons were 
drawn up in front of private houses and 
filled with their contents for despatch 
to ,germany4  ,i have had the reports of
 local commissions of police placed     
before me1 and they show that in smaller
 villages like those of ,caestre and    
,merris1 with a population of about     
#a1ejj souls or less1 pillaging to the  
extent of ,l#d1jjj and ,l#f1jjj was     
committed by the ,german troops4        
,,professor ,j4 ,h4 ,,morgan in ,german 
,atrocities1 an ,official               
,investigation4  ,illustration          
,,from ,,liege ,,to                     
,,aix-,,la-,,chapelle  ,illustration    
,,spoils ,,for ,,the ,,victors   ,they  

sang1 shouted and waved their arms4     
,most of them carried bottles full of   
liquor1 which they put into their mouths
 frequently1 smashed them on the ground1
 or handed them to their comrades1 when 
unable to drink any more themselves4    
,each of a troop of cavalry had a bottle
 of pickles1 and enjoyed them immensely4
  ,other soldiers kept on running into  
the burning houses1 carrying out vases1 
pictures1 plate1 or small pieces of     
furniture4 ,they smashed everything on  
the cobbles and then returned to wreck  
more things that would have been        
destroyed by the fire all the same4 ,it 
was a revelry of drunken vandalism4     
,they seemed mad1 and even risking being
 burned alive at this work of           
destruction4 ,most of the officers were 
also tipsy2 not one of them was saluted 
by the soldiers4       ,the ,german     
,fury in ,belgium1                      
,by ,l4 ,,mokveld4  ,illustration       
,,seduction  ,ain't ,i a lovable fellow8
   ,there is very strong reason to      

suspect that young girls were carried   
off to the trenches by licentious       
,german soldiery1 and there abused by   
hordes of savage and licentious men4    
,people in hiding in the cellars of     
houses have heard the voices of women in
 the hands of ,german soldiers crying   
all night long until death or stupor    
ended their agonies4 ,one of our        
officers1 a subaltern in the sappers1   
heard a woman's shrieks in the night    
coming from the ,german trenches near   
,richebourg l',avoue2 when we advanced  
in the morning and drove the ,germans   
out1 a girl was found lying naked on the
 ground pegged out in the form of a     
crucifix4 ,i need not go on with this   
chapter of horrors4 ,to the end of time 
it will be remembered1 and from one     
generation to another1 in the plains of 
,flanders1 in the ,valleys of the       
,vosges1 and on the rolling fields of   
the ,marne1 the oral tradition of men   
will perpetuate this story of infamy and
 wrong4           ,,professor ,j4 ,h4   

,,morgan in ,german      ,atrocities1 an
 ,official ,investigation4              
,illustration     ,,the ,,hostages      
,father1 what have we done8   ,the      
municipal ,government of ,liege remind  
their fellow citizens1 and all staying  
within the city1 that international law 
most strictly forbids civilians to      
commit hostilities against the ,german  
soldiers occupying the country4  ,every 
attack on ,german troops by others than 
the military in uniform not only exposes
 those who may be guilty to be shot     
summarily1 but will also bring terrible 
consequences on the leading citizens of 
,liege now detained in the citadel as   
hostages by the commander of the ,german
 troops4  ,we beseech all residents of  
the municipality to guard the highest   
interests of all the inhabitants and of 
those who are hostages of the ,german   
,army1 and not to commit any assault on 
the soldiers of this army4  ,we remind  
the citizens that by order of ,general  
commanding the ,german troops1 those who

 have arms in their possession must     
deliver them immediately to the         
authorities at the ,provincial ,palace  
under the penalty of being shot4        
,the ,acting ,burgomaster1              
,v4 ,,henault4            ,liege1       
,august #hth4  ,illustration            
,,husbands ,,and ,,fathers   ,thousands 
of ,belgian citizens have in like manner
 been deported to the prisons of        
,germany to ,munsterlagen1 to ,celle1 to
 ,magdeburg4 ,at ,munsterlagen alone1   
#c1ajj civil prisoners were numbered4   
,history will tell of the physical and  
moral torments of their long martyrdom4 
,hundreds of innocent men were shot4 ,i 
possess no complete necrology2 but ,i   
know there were ninety-one shot at      
,aerschot and that there1 under pain of 
death1 their fellow-citizens were       
compelled to dig their graves4 ,in the  
,louvain group of communes #agf persons1
 men and women1 old men and sucklings1  
rich and poor1 in health and sickness1  
were shot or burned4       ,,cardinal   

,,mercier1 ,archbishop               of 
,malines1 ,belgium4  ,illustration      
,,it',s ,,fattening ,,work   ,in        
,hofstade a number of houses had been   
set on fire and many corpses were seen1 
some in houses1 some in back yards1 and 
some in the streets4  ,several examples 
are given below4  ,two witnesses speak  
to having seen the body of a young man  
pierced by bayonet thrusts with the     
wrists cut also4  ,on a side road the   
corpse of a civilian was seen on his    
doorstep with a bayonet wound in his    
stomach1 and by his side the dead body  
of a boy of #e or #f with his hands     
nearly severed4  ,the corpses of a woman
 and boy were seen at the blacksmith's4 
,they had been killed with the bayonet4 
,in a cafe a young man1 also killed with
 the bayonet1 was holding his hands     
together as if in the attitude of       
supplication4  ,two young women were    
lying in the back yard of the house4    
,one had her breasts cut off1 the other 
had been stabbed4  ,a young man had been

 hacked with the bayonet until his      
entrails protruded4 ,he also had his    
hands joined in the attitude of prayer4 
,in the garden of a house in the main   
street bodies of two women were         
observed1 and in another house the body 
of a boy of #af with two bayonet wounds 
in the chest4       ,british ,government
 ,committee's ,report4  ,illustration   
,,kultur ,,has ,,passed ,,here   ,it is 
nothing but fanaticism to expect very   
much from humanity when it has forgotten
 how to wage war4 ,for the present we   
know of no other means whereby the rough
 energy of the camp1 the deep impersonal
 hatred1 the cold-bloodedness of murder 
with a good conscience1 the general     
ardour of the system in the destruction 
of the enemy 444 can be as forcibly and 
certainly communicated to enervated     
nations as is done by every great war4  
,kultur can by no means dispense with   
passions1 vices and malignities4        
,,friedrich ,,nietzsche4  ,illustration 
,,peace ,,reigns ,,at ,,dinant   ,in    

short1 the town of ,dinant is destroyed4
 ,of #a1djj houses only #bjj remained   
standing4 ,the factories where the      
laboring population got their bread and 
butter were wrecked systematically4     
,many inhabitants were sent to ,germany1
 where they are still kept as prisoners4
 ,the majority of the others are        
scattered all over ,belgium4 ,those who 
stayed in the towns were starved4  ,the 
,belgian ,committee has a list of       
victims4 ,it contains #gjj names1 and is
 not complete4 ,among those killed are  
seventy-three women1 thirty-nine        
children between six months and fifteen 
years old4  ,dinant has #g1fjj          
inhabitants1 of whom ten per cent4 were 
put to death2 not a family exists which 
has not to mourn the death of some      
victims2 many families have been        
exterminated completely4       ,the     
,german ,fury in ,belgium1              
,by ,l4 ,,mokveld4  ,illustration       
,,les ,,beautes ,,de ,,la ,,guerre      
,folk who do not understand them   ,it  

is only in war that we find the action  
of true heroism1 the realization of     
which on earth is the care of           
militarism4 ,that is why war appears to 
us1 who are filled with militarism1 as  
in itself a holy thing1 as the holiest  
thing on earth4       ,,prof4 ,,werner  
,,sombart4   ,during the three months of
 invasion1 more than #ba1jjj houses had 
been burnt down in five alone of the    
nine provinces of ,belgium1 and a far   
greater number pillaged--more than      
#af1jjj1 for instance1 in the single    
,province of ,brabant4 ,of the civilian 
population1 between #e1jjj and #f1jjj   
men1 women1 and children had been       
massacred1 some singly and some in      
batches1 some by clean killing and some 
after lingering tortures1 some in frenzy
 and some in cold blood1 but all with   
the object of terrorization and with    
that result4 ,fleeing before the terror1
 many hundreds of thousands of          
,belgians1 especially of the middle and 
upper classes1 had taken refuge in      

,holland and the ,british ,isles4       
,times ,history of the ,war4            
,illustration     ,,dinant3 ,i ,,see    
,,father   ,an hour later the women and 
children were separated and the         
prisoners were brought back to ,dinant1 
passing the prison on their way4 ,just  
outside the prison the witness saw three
 lines of bodies which he recognized as 
being those of neighbors4 ,they were    
nearly all dead1 but he noticed movement
 in some of them4 ,there were about #abj
 bodies4 ,the prisoners were then taken 
up to the top of the hill outside       
,dinant and compelled to stay there till
 eight o'clock in the morning4 ,on the  
following day they were put into cattle 
trucks and taken thence to ,coblenz4    
,for three months they remained         
prisoners in ,germany4  ,unarmed        
civilians were killed in masses at other
 places near the prison4 ,about ninety  
bodies were seen lying on the top of one
 another in a grass square opposite the 
convent4       ,,british ,,government   

,,committee',s ,,report4  ,illustration 
,,mater ,,dolorosa   ,the inhabitants   
fled through the village 7near          
,blamont74 ,it was horrible4 ,the walls 
of houses are bespattered with blood and
 the faces of the dead are hideous to   
look upon4 ,they were buried at once1   
some sixty of them4 ,among them many old
 women1 old men1 and one woman          
pregnant--the whole a dreadful sight4   
,three children huddled together--all   
dead4 ,altar and arches of the church   
shattered4 ,telephone communication with
 the enemy was found there4 ,this       
morning1 ,sept4 #b1 all the survivors   
were driven out2 ,i saw four little boys
 carrying on two poles a cradle with a  
child some five or six months old4 ,the 
whole makes a fearful sight4 ,blow upon 
blow6 ,thunderbolt on thunderbolt6      
,everything given over to plunder4 ,i   
saw a mother with her two little        
ones--one of them had a great wound in  
the head and an eye put out4            
,from the ,diary of                     

,,gefreiter ,,paul ,,spellman1          
,capt4 ,first ,brigade of ,infantry     
,guard                        7,prussian
 ,guards74  ,illustration     ,,is ,,it 
,,you1 ,,mother8   ,a corporal named    
,houston narrated that while he lay     
wounded on the ground1 after the battle 
of ,soissons1 he saw a young ,english   
soldier lying near him1 delirious4 ,a   
,german soldier gave the poor lad water 
from his flask4 ,the young ,englishman1 
his mind wandering1 said1 ,is it you1   
mother8 ,the ,german comprehended1 and  
to maintain the illusion1 caressed his  
face with a mother's soft touch4 ,the   
poor boy died shortly afterwards and the
 ,german soldier1 on getting to his     
feet1 was seen to be crying4            
,illustration     ,,men ,,to ,,the      
,,right1 ,,women ,,to ,,the ,,left   ,on
 ,sunday1 ,august #bcrd1 at half past   
six in the morning1 the soldiers of the 
#ajhth regiment of the line drove       
worshippers of the ,premonstratensian   
,church1 separated the men from the     

women1 and shot about fifty of the      
former through the head4 ,between seven 
and nine o'clock there was house to     
house looting and burning by soldiers   
who chased the inhabitants into the     
street4 ,those who tried to escape were 
shot off-hand4  ,at about nine o'clock  
the soldiers drove all who had been     
found in the houses in front of them by 
means of blows from their rifle-butts4  
,they crowded them together in ,place   
d',armes1 where they kept them until six
 o'clock in the evening4 ,their guards  
amused themselves by telling the men    
repeatedly that they would soon be shot4
  ,at six o'clock a captain separated   
the men from the women and children4    
,the women were placed behind a line of 
infantry4 ,the men had to stand         
alongside a wall2 those in the first row
 were told to sit on their haunches1 the
 others to remain standing behind them4 
,a platoon took a stand right opposite  
the group4 ,the women prayed in vain for
 the mercy of their husbands1 their     

sons1 and their brothers2 the officer   
gave the order to fire4 ,he had not made
 the slightest investigation1 pronounced
 no sentence of any sort4       ,belgian
 ,gov4 ,committee's ,report4            
,illustration     ,a ,,pitiful ,,exodus 
,in many groups were to be seen old1 old
 people1 grandfathers and grandmothers  
of a family1 and these in their shaking 
frailty and terror1 which they could not
 withstand1 were the more pitiable      
objects in the great gathering of       
stricken townsfolk4 ,this pathetic      
clinging together of the family was one 
of the most affecting sights ,i         
witnessed1 and ,i have not the slightest
 doubt that in the mad rush for refuge  
beyond the borders of their native land 
many family groups of this sort         
completely perished4  ,all day and      
throughout the night these pitiful      
scenes continued1 and when ,i went down 
to the quayside early ,thursday1 when   
the dawn was throwing a wan light over  
this part of the world1 ,i found again a

 great host of citizens awaiting their  
chance of flight4       ,london ,daily  
,chronicle on            ,the ,fall of  
,antwerp4               ,october #aa1   
#aiad4  ,illustration     ,,sympathy    
,if ,i find you again looking so sad1   
,i'll send you to ,germany after your   
father  ,illustration     ,,we ,,wage   
,,war ,,on ,,divine ,,principles   ,the 
names of the priests and monks of the   
diocese of ,malines1 who1 to my         
knowledge1 were put to death by the     
,german troops1 are as follows3         
,dupierreux1 of the ,company of ,jesus2 
,brother ,sebastien ,allard1 of the     
,society of ,st4 ,joseph2 ,brother      
,candide1 of the ,society of the        
,brothers of ,our ,lady of ,pity2       
,father ,vincent1 ,conventual ,carette1 
a professor2 ,lombaerts1 ,goris de      
,clerck2 ,dergent1 ,wouters1 ,van       
,bladel1 cures4  ,at ,christmas time ,i 
was not perfectly certain what had been 
the fate of the ,cure of ,herent4 ,since
 then his dead body has been discovered 

at ,louvain and identified4             
,from a letter from ,,cardinal          
,,mercier1      to ,the ,kreischef of   
,district of ,malines4                  
,december1 #aiad4   ,the ,cathedral of  
,rheims has many companions in distress4
 ,the ,german army1 when it invaded the 
north of ,france1 destroyed1 totally or 
partially1 by bombardment or            
incendiarism1 churches and chapels at   
,albert1 ,serres1 ,vieille-,capelle1    
,etavigny1 ,soissons1 ,hebuterne1       
,ribecourt1 ,suippes1 ,montceau1 ,barcy1
 ,revigny1 ,souain1 ,maurupt1           
,berry-au-,bac1 ,mandray1               
,heiltz-le-,maurupt1                    
,sermaize-les-,bains1 ,doncieres1 etc4  
,from ,is ,war ,civilization8      ,by  
,,prof4 ,,christophe ,,nyrop1           
,university of ,copenhagen4             
,illustration     ,,prosperity ,,reigns 
,,in ,,flanders  ,four hundred and      
eighty millions of francs have been     
imposed as a war tax but soup is given  
gratis   ,,proclamation  ,a ,war        

,contribution1 amounting to #dhj1jjj1jjj
 francs1 to be paid in monthly          
installments over the course of a year1 
is imposed on the population of         
,belgium4  ,the payment of these sums   
devolves upon the ,nine ,provinces1     
which are held collectively responsible 
for the discharge of it4  ,the two first
 installments are to be paid up1 at     
latest1 on ,january #ae1 #aiae1 and the 
following installments on the #ajth1 at 
latest1 of each following month1 to the 
,field ,army ,treasury of the ,imperial 
,governor-,generalship at ,brussels4    
,in case the ,provinces have to resort  
to the issue of bonds in order to obtain
 the funds necessary1 the form and terms
 of these bonds will be settled by the  
,imperial ,commissary-,general for the  
,banks in ,belgium4                     
,,baron ,,von ,,bissing1                
,governor-,general in ,belgium4         
,brussels1 ,december #aj1 #aiad4        
,illustration     ,a ,,fact  ,this      
brutalism by ,major ,tille of the       

,german ,army on a small boy of         
,maastricht was vouched for by an       
eye-witness4  ,illustration     ,,to    
,,your ,,health1 ,,civilization6        
,,conclusions  ,it is proved--  7i47    
,that there were in many parts of       
,belgium deliberate and systematically  
organized massacres of the civil        
population1 accompanied by many isolated
 murders and other outrages4  7ii47     
,that in the conduct of the war         
generally innocent civilians1 both men  
and women1 were murdered in large       
numbers1 women violated1 and children   
murdered4  7iii47 ,that looting1 house  
burning1 and the wanton destruction of  
property were ordered and countenanced  
by the officers of the ,german ,army1   
that elaborate provision had been made  
for systematic incendiarism at the very 
outbreak of the war1 and that the       
burnings and destruction were frequent  
where no military necessity could be    
alleged1 being indeed part of a system  
of general terrorization4  7iv47 ,that  

the rules and usages of war were        
frequently broken1 particularly by the  
using of civilians1 including women and 
children1 as a shield for advancing     
forces exposed to fire1 to a less degree
 by killing the wounded and prisoners1  
and in the frequent abuse of the ,red   
,cross and the white flag4              
,british ,government ,committee's       
,report4  ,illustration     ,a          
,,conflict ,,of ,,testimony  ,sire1 it's
 quite easy2 for every witness who      
swears we've murdered innocent people we
 will produce two who will swear they   
did not see it   ,all that ,i care to   
say about the ,belgian charges is that  
,i have officially informed the ,state  
,department in ,washington that there is
 not one word of truth in the statements
 made to the ,president yesterday by the
 ,belgian ,commission4                  
,,count ,,von ,,bernstorff1             
,german ,ambassador1      at            
,washington1 ,september #ag4            
,illustration     ,,the ,,mothers ,,of  

,,belgium   ,christian mothers1 be proud
 of your sons4 ,of all griefs1 of all   
our human sorrows1 yours is perhaps the 
most worthy of veneration4 ,i think ,i  
behold you in your affliction4 ,suffer  
us to offer you not only our condolence1
 but our congratulation4 ,not all our   
heroes obtain temporal honors1 but for  
all we expect the immortal crown of the 
elect4 ,for this is the virtue of a     
single act of perfect charity--it       
cancels a whole lifetime of sins4 ,it   
transforms a sinful man into a saint4   
,,cardinal ,,mercier1      ,archbishop  
of ,malines4  ,illustration             
,,kreuzland1 ,,kreuzland ,ue,b,e,r      
,,alles   ,where are our fathers8       
,belgium1 #aiad  ,illustration     ,,the
 ,,widows ,,of ,,belgium  ,illustration 
,,famine ,,in ,,belgium   ,in ,belgium  
,i saw this3  ,homeless men1 women1 and 
children by thousands and hundreds of   
thousands4 ,many of them had been       
prosperous1 a few had been wealthy1     
practically all had been comfortable4   

,now1 with scarcely an exception1 they  
stood all upon one common plane of      
misery4 ,they had lost their homes1     
their farms1 their workshops1 their     
livings1 and their means of making      
livings4  ,i saw them tramping aimlessly
 along windswept1 rain-washed roads1    
fleeing from burning and devastated     
villages4 ,i saw them sleeping in open  
fields upon the miry earth1 with no     
cover and no shelter4 ,i saw them herded
 together in the towns and cities to    
which many of them ultimately fled1     
existing ,god alone knows how4 ,i saw   
them--ragged1 furtive                   
scarecrows--prowling in the shattered   
ruins of their homes1 seeking salvage   
where there was no salvage to be found4 
,i saw them living like the beasts of   
the field1 upon such things as the      
beasts of the field would reject4       
,,irvin ,s4 ,,cobb4        ,new ,york   
,times4      ,december #b1 #aiad4       
,illustration     ,,bluebeard',s        
,,chamber   ,our function is ended when 

we have stated what the evidence        
establishes1 but we may be permitted to 
express our belief that these           
disclosures will not have been made in  
vain if they touch and rouse the        
conscience of mankind1 and we venture to
 hope that as soon as the present war is
 over the nations of the world in       
council will consider what means can be 
provided and sanctions devised to       
prevent the recurrence of such horrors  
as our generation is now witnessing4    
,,bryce1           ,f4 ,,pollock1       
,,edward ,,clarke1           ,,kenelm   
,e4 ,,digby1           ,,alfred         
,,hopkinson1           ,h4 ,a4 ,l4      
,,fisher1           ,,harold ,,cox1     
,concluding words of the ,report of the 
,committee      appointed by the        
,british ,government      to investigate
 alleged ,german atrocities      in     
,belgium4  ,illustration     ,,the      
,,prisoners   ,in the first days of the 
war it was undoubtedly and unfortunately
 true that prisoners of war taken by the

 ,germans1 both at the time of their    
capture and in transit to the prison    
camps1 were often badly treated by the  
soldiers1 guards or the civil           
population4  ,the instances were too    
numerous1 the evidence too overwhelming1
 to be denied4444 ,from him 7,u4,s4     
,consul at ,kiel7 ,i learned that some  
unfortunate prisoners passing through   
the town 7in a part of ,germany         
inhabited by ,scandinavians7 had made   
signs that they were suffering from     
hunger and thirst1 that some of the     
kind-hearted people among the           
,scandinavian population had given them 
something to eat and drink and for this 
they were condemned to fines1 to prison 
and to have their names held up to the  
contempt of ,germans for all time4  ,i  
do not know of any one thing that can   
give a better idea of the official hate 
for the nations with which ,germany was 
at war than this4                       
,,james ,w4 ,,gerard      in ,my ,four  
,years in ,germany4  ,illustration      

,,the ,,ex-,,convict3  ,i was a 'lifer'2
 but they found ,i had so many abilities
 for teaching civilisation amongst our  
neighbours1 that ,i am now a soldier    
,crimes against women and young girls   
have been of appalling frequency4 ,we   
have proved a great number of them1 but 
they only represent an infinitesimal    
proportion of those which we could have 
taken up4 ,owing to a sense of decency1 
which is deserving of every respect1 the
 victims of these hateful acts usually  
refuse to disclose them4 ,doubtless     
fewer would have been committed if the  
leaders of an army whose discipline is  
most rigorous had taken any trouble to  
prevent them2 yet1 strictly speaking1   
they can only be considered as the      
individual and spontaneous acts of      
uncaged beasts4       ,french           
,government's ,official ,report1        
,september1 #aiad4  ,illustration       
,,war ,,loan ,,music  ,was blazen die   
,trompeten ,moneten heraus8   ,early in 
,september1 #aiad1 the ,government made 

the first ,war ,loan issue4 ,it took the
 form of ,l#ej1jjj1jjj of #e per cent4  
,treasury ,bonds with a five years'     
currency1 and a #e per cent4 ,loan of   
undefined amount1 irredeemable until    
#aibd4 ,the price of both the ,treasury 
,bills and the ,loan was #ig-a_/b4      
,during the ten days in which the lists 
remained open1 a tremendous propaganda  
was carried on in the ,press--this      
quotation is typical3  ,the victories   
which our glorious ,army has already won
 in the west and east justify the hopes 
that now1 as in #ahgj1 the expenses and 
burdens of the war will fall ultimately 
upon those who have disturbed the peace 
of the ,german ,empire4 ,but first we   
must help ourselves4 ,great interests   
are at stake4  ,german capitalists1 show
 that you are inspired by the same      
spirit as our heroes1 who shed their    
hearts' blood in the fight4 ,germans who
 have saved money1 show that you have   
saved1 not only for yourselves1 but also
 for the ,fatherland4 ,german           

corporations1 companies1 savings banks1 
and all institutions which have         
blossomed and grown up under the        
powerful protection of the ,empire1     
repay the ,empire with your gratitude in
 this hour of fate4 ,german banks and   
bankers1 show what your brilliant       
organization and your influence on your 
customers are able to produce4          
,times ,history of the ,war4            
,illustration     ,,liberte6 ,,liberte  
,,cherie6   ,soldiers1--,upon the       
memorable fields of ,montmirail1 of     
,vauchamps1 of ,champaubert1 which a    
century ago witnessed the victories of  
our ancestors over ,bluecher's          
,prussians1 your vigorous offensive has 
triumphed over the resistance of the    
,germans4 ,held on his flanks1 his      
centre broken1 the enemy is now         
retreating towards east and north by    
forced marches4 ,the most renowned army 
corps of ,old ,prussia1 the contingents 
of ,westphalia1 of ,hanover1 of         
,brandenburg1 have retired in haste     

before you4  ,this first success is no  
more than a prelude4 ,the enemy is      
shaken1 but not yet decisively beaten4  
,you have still to undergo severe       
hardships1 to make long marches1 to     
fight hard battles4  ,may the image of  
your country1 soiled by barbarians1     
always remain before your eyes4 ,never  
was it more necessary to sacrifice all  
for her4  ,saluting the heroes who have 
fallen in the fighting of the last few  
days1 my thoughts turn towards you--the 
victors in the next battle4  ,forward1  
soldiers1 for ,france4                  
,,franchet ,d',,esperey1      ,general  
,commanding the ,vth ,army4             
,montmirail1 ,september #i1 #aiad4      
,illustration     ,,the ,,junker  ,what 
,i have most admired in you1 ,bethmann1 
is that you have made ,socialists our   
best supporters   ,england is playing a 
perfectly shameful role in this war4    
,even though ,france were allied to     
,russia by an unfortunate treaty1       
,england was not so allied6 ,but        

,england1 who has ever been jealous of  
the industrial development of our       
country1 used the violation of our      
treaty of neutrality with ,belgium1     
which was incurred only in dire need and
 which was yielded openly and honestly  
in the ,reichstag by the ,chancellor1 as
 a pretext to declare war against us4   
,,philipp ,,scheidemann1      ,socialist
 ex-,vice-,president                 of 
the ,reichstag4  ,illustration     ,,the
 ,,higher ,,politics  ,the ,kaiser3 ,we 
will propose peace terms2 if they accept
 them1 we are the gainers2 if they      
refuse them1 the responsibility will    
rest with them   ,germany has suggested 
informally that the ,united ,states     
should undertake to elicit from ,great  
,britain1 ,france1 and ,russia a        
statement of the terms under which the  
,allies would make peace4  ,the         
suggestion was made by the ,imperial    
,chancellor1 von ,bethmann-,hollweg1 to 
,ambassador ,gerard at ,berlin as a     
result of an inquiry sent by the        

,american ,government to learn whether  
,emperor ,william was desirous of       
discussing peace1 as recently had been  
reported4                 ,the          
,associated ,press4      ,washington1   
,september #ag1 #aiad4  ,illustration   
,,luther-,,liebknecht ,,in ,,the        
,,reichstag  ,it is a ,war of ,rapine6  
,on that ,i take my stand4 ,i cannot do 
otherwise   ,i understand that several  
members of the ,socialist ,party have   
written all sorts of things to the press
 with regard to the deliberations of the
 ,socialist ,party in the ,reichstag on 
,august #c and #d4  ,according to these 
reports there were no serious           
differences of opinion in our party in  
regard to the political situation1 and  
our own position and decision to assent 
to war credits are alleged to have been 
arrived at unanimously4  ,in order to   
prevent the dissemination of an         
inadmissible legend ,i feel it to be my 
duty to put on record the fact that the 
issues involved gave rise to            

diametrically opposite views within our 
parliamentary party1 and these opposing 
views found expression with a violence  
hitherto unknown in our deliberations4  
,it is also entirely untrue to say that 
assent to the war credits was given     
unanimously4            ,,dr4 ,,carl    
,,liebknecht1      ,member of the       
,reichstag4           ,september #ah1   
#aiad4  ,illustration     ,,the ,,land  
,,mine  ,illustration     ,,the ,,very  
,,stones ,,cry ,,out1  ,thou art the man
   ,the ,german ,government states      
officially in contradiction of the      
report made by the ,havas ,agency that  
,german artillery purposely destroyed   
important buildings at ,rheims1 that1 on
 the contrary1 orders were given to     
spare the ,cathedral by all means4      
,,count ,,von ,,bernstorff4             
,washington1 ,september1 #aiad4   ,on   
,sept4 #ai the cathedral was fairly     
riddled by bombs during the entire day1 
and at about #c3de the scaffolding      
surrounding the north tower caught fire4

 ,this fire lasted about one hour1 and  
during that time two further bombs      
struck the roof1 setting it also on     
fire4  ,the monument1 about which no    
troops were massed1 towers above the    
rest of the town2 to avoid it1 in view  
of the uselessness of destroying it and 
because it was serving as a hospital1   
would have been an easy matter4  ,it    
would seem that the only explanation    
which can be offered was blind rage upon
 the part of the besieging army4        
,,mr4 ,,whitney ,,warren',s             
,official ,report to the ,french        
,government4                            
,september1 #aiad4  ,illustration       
,,the ,,braggart  ,it was ,i who opened 
fire on ,rheims ,cathedral   ,my dear   
,sir1 how is it possible to fight these 
people8 ,they seem to have no mercy1 no 
decency4 ,it really seems impossible to 
know how to meet them4       ,,general  
,,castelnau ,,to      ,,mr4 ,,whitney   
,,warren4   ,the bells sound no more in 
the cathedral with two towers4 ,finished

 is the benediction6444 ,with lead1 ,o  
,rheims1 we have shut your house of     
idolatry6                               
,m4 ,,rudolf ,,herzog      in ,berlin   
,lokal-,anzeiger4 ,jan41 #aiae4         
,illustration     ,,rheims--,,war ,,and 
,,christ   ,the commonest1 ugliest stone
 put to mark the burial-place of a      
,german grenadier is a more glorious and
 venerable monument than all the        
cathedrals of ,europe put together4     
,,gen4 ,,von ,,disfurth      ,in        
,hamburger ,nachrichten4   ,reduce to   
ashes the basilica of ,rheims where     
,klodovig was anointed1 where that      
,empire of ,franks was born--the false  
brothers of the noble ,teutons2 burn    
that cathedral6       ,written in the   
year #ahad by                           
,,jean-,,joseph ,,goerres      in the   
,rheinische ,merkin4  ,illustration     
,,liquid ,,fire   ,in ,october1 #aiad1  
the headquarters of the second ,german  
army at ,st4 ,quentin had issued an     
,order regulating the use of            

fire-squirts ejecting inflammable       
liquid4 ,a special ,corps of ,pioneers1 
attachable to any unit which might need 
them1 had been organized to handle this 
novel weapon4 ,the ,order explained that
 the instrument could squirt a flame    
which would cause mortal injury and     
which1 owing to the heat generated1     
would drive the enemy to a considerable 
distance4 ,it was recommended           
particularly for street fighting4       
,times ,history of the ,war4            
,illustration     ,,we ,,are ,,on ,,our 
,,way ,,to ,,calais6   ,in those days   
the ,german headquarters gave           
continuously the order1 ,to ,calais1 to 
,calais1 and the staff considered no    
difficulties1 calculated no sacrifices1 
in order to achieve success4  ,what     
these frenzied orders have cost in human
 lives history will tell later on4      
,the ,german ,fury in ,belgium1         
,by ,l4 ,,mokveld4   ,then the seventy  
fives were brought up at a gallop and   
poured a hail of shell at the           

demoralized ,german infantry wading     
frantically through the water towards   
the canal4 ,rifles and machine guns     
joined the work of destruction1 and the 
placid lake between the railway and     
canal was soon dotted with drowning     
,germans fallen from the demoralized    
crowds struggling to reach a haven of   
safety over the bridges of ,st4         
,georges1 ,schoorbakke1 and ,tervaete4  
,the crisis of the battle of the ,yser  
was over2 the ,germans had made their   
great effort and had failed4            
,the ,times ,history of the ,war4       
,battle of the ,yser4 ,october1 #aiad4  
,illustration     ,,write ,,it ,,down1  
,,schoolmaster  ,william3 ,write it     
down1 ,schoolmaster4 ,monday shall be   
,copper ,day2 ,tuesday1 ,potato ,day2   
,wednesday1 ,leather ,day2 ,thursday1   
,gold ,day2 ,friday1 ,rubber ,day2      
,saturday1 no ,dinner ,day1 and ,sunday1
 ,hate ,day6       ,take you the folk of
 the ,earth in pay1     ,with bars of   
gold your ramparts lay1     ,bedeck the 

ocean with bow on bow1     ,ye reckon   
well1 but not well enough now1          
,french and ,russian1 they matter not1  
,a blow for a blow1 a shot for a shot1  
,we fight the battle with bronze and    
steel1     ,and the time that is coming 
,peace will seal1     ,you we will hate 
with a lasting hate1     ,we will never 
forego our hate1     ,hate by water and 
hate by land1     ,hate of the head and 
hate of the hand1     ,hate of the      
hammer and hate of the crown1     ,hate 
of seventy millions choking down1       
,we love as one1 we hate as one1     ,we
 have one foe and one alone1            
,,england6        ,hymn of ,hate1 by    
,,ernst ,,lissauer4      ,translation by
 ,,barbara ,,henderson4             ,new
 ,york ,times1 ,oct41 #aiad4            
,illustration     ,,barbed ,,wire       
,illustration     ,,the ,,sea ,,mine    
,take the very first incident of the    
war1 the mine laying by the ,koenigin   
,luise4 ,here was a vessel1 which was   
obviously made ready with freshly       

charged mines some time before there was
 any question of a general ,european    
war1 which was sent forth in time of    
peace1 and which1 on receipt of a       
wireless message1 began to spawn its    
hellish cargo across the ,north ,sea at 
points fifty miles from land in the     
track of all neutral merchant shipping4 
,there was the keynote of ,german       
tactics struck at the first possible    
instant4 ,so promiscuous was the effect 
that it was a mere chance which         
prevented the vessel which bore the     
,german ,ambassador from being destroyed
 by a ,german mine4 ,from first to last 
some hundreds of people have lost their 
lives on this tract of sea1 some of them
 harmless ,british trawlers1 but the    
greater number sailors of ,danish and   
,dutch vessels pursuing their commerce  
as they had every right to do4 ,it was  
the first move in a consistent policy of
 murder4       ,,sir ,,arthur ,,conan   
,,doyle       ,in ,the ,german ,war4    
,illustration     ,,his ,,master',s     

,,voice   ,the ,vlaamsche ,stem         
7,flemish ,voice71 a ,flemish newspaper1
 was bought by the ,germans1 whereupon  
the whole of the staff resigned1 as it  
no longer represented its title4        
,illustration     ,,the ,,promise   ,we 
shall never sheathe the sword which we  
have not lightly drawn until ,belgium   
recovers in full measure all and more   
than she has sacrificed1 until ,france  
is adequately secured against the menace
 of aggression1 until the rights of the 
smaller nationalities of ,europe are    
placed upon an unassailable foundation1 
and until the military domination of    
,prussia is wholly and finally          
destroyed4                    ,h4 ,h4   
,,asquith1      ,prime ,minister of     
,england4                 ,november1    
#aiad4  ,illustration     ,,the ,,raid  
,do you remember ,black ,mary of        
,hamburg8  ,aye1 well4  ,she got six    
years for killing a child1 whilst we get
 the ,iron ,cross for killing twenty at 
,hartlepool4   ,this morning a ,german  

cruiser force made a demonstration upon 
,yorkshire coast1 in the course of which
 they shelled ,hartlepool1 ,whitby1 and 
,scarborough4  ,a number of their       
fastest ships were employed for this    
purpose1 and they remained about an hour
 on the coast4 ,they were engaged by    
patrol vessels on the spot4  ,during the
 bombardment1 especially in ,west       
,hartlepool1 the people crowded in the  
streets1 and approximately twenty-two   
were killed and fifty wounded4          
,british ,admiralty report4             
,december1 #aiad4  ,illustration        
,,the ,,typhus ,,inferno ,,at           
,,wittenberg   ,they were received in   
apathetic silence 7,dec41 #aiad74 ,the  
rooms were unlighted1 the men were      
aimlessly marching up and down1 some    
were lying on the floor1 probably       
sickening for typhus4 ,when they got    
into the open air again ,major ,fry     
broke down4 ,the horror of it all was   
for the moment more than he could bear4 
,major ,priestly saw delirious men      

waving arms brown to the elbow with     
faecal matter4 ,the patients were alive 
with vermin2 in the half light he       
attempted to brush what he took to be an
 accumulation of dust from the folds of 
a patient's clothes1 and he discovered  
it to be a moving mass of lice4 ,in one 
room in ,compound ,no4 #h the patients  
lay so close to one another on the floor
 that he had to stand straddle-legged   
across them to examine them4  ,what the 
prisoners found hardest to bear in this 
matter were the jeers with which the    
coffins were frequently greeted by the  
inhabitants of ,wittenberg who stood    
outside and were permitted to insult    
their dead4       ,report of the        
,british ,committee4  ,illustration     
,,remember ,,wittenberg   ,these medical
 officers protested with the camp       
commander against the herding together  
of the ,french and ,british prisoners   
with the ,russians1 who1 as ,i have     
said1 were suffering from typhus fever4 
,but the camp commander said1 ,you will 

have to know your ,allies2 and kept all 
of his prisoners together1 and thus as  
surely condemned to death a number of   
,french and ,british prisoners of war as
 though he had stood them against the   
wall and ordered them shot by a firing  
squad4 ,conditions in the camp during   
the period of this epidemic were        
frightful4 ,the camp was practically    
deserted by the ,germans4  ,at the time 
,i visited the camp the typhus epidemic1
 of course1 had been stamped out4 ,the  
,germans employed a large number of     
police dogs in this camp and these dogs 
not only were used in watching the      
outside of the camp in order to prevent 
the escape of prisoners but also were   
used within the camp4 ,many complaints  
were made to me by prisoners concerning 
these dogs1 stating that men had been   
bitten by them4 ,it seemed undoubtedly  
true that the prisoners there had been  
knocked about and beaten in a terrible  
manner by their guards4                 
,,james ,w4 ,,gerard      in ,my ,four  

,years in ,germany4  ,illustration      
,,the ,,wonders ,,of ,,culture   ,on    
,january #bi1 #aiae1 the first ,zeppelin
 raid upon ,paris took place4           
,twenty-four people were killed outright
 by the exploding bombs and over #cj    
were injured4 ,with one exception all   
the dead and injured were civilians and 
the majority were women and children4   
,illustration     ,,tirpitz' ,,last     
,,hope--,,piracy   ,the waters around   
,great ,britain and ,ireland1 including 
the whole ,english ,channel1 are        
declared a war zone on and after        
,february #ah1 #aiae4  ,every enemy     
merchant ship found in this war zone    
will be destroyed1 even if it is        
impossible to avert dangers which       
threaten the crew and passengers4  ,also
 neutral ships in the war zone are in   
danger1 as in consequence of the misuse 
of neutral flags ordered by the ,british
 ,government on ,january #ca1 and in    
view of the hazards of naval warfare1 it
 cannot always be avoided that attacks  

meant for enemy ships endanger neutral  
ships4  ,shipping northward1 around the 
,shetland ,islands1 in the eastern basin
 of the ,north ,sea1 and a strip of at  
least thirty nautical miles in breadth  
along the ,dutch coast1 is endangered in
 the same way4       ,german ,navy      
,official ,communication4 ,berlin1      
,february #d1 #aiae4  ,illustration     
,,alcoholism--,,britons ,,never ,,will  
,,be ,,slaves   ,the vast majority      
belong to a class we can depend upon4   
,the others are a minority4  ,but1 you  
must remember1 a small minority of      
workmen can throw a whole works out of  
gear4 ,what is the reason8 ,sometimes it
 is one thing1 sometimes it is another1 
but let us be perfectly candid4 ,it is  
mostly the lure of the drink4 ,they     
refuse to work full time1 and when they 
return their strength and efficiency are
 impaired by the way in which they have 
spent their leisure4 ,drink is doing us 
more damage in the war than all the     
,german submarines put together4        

,d4 ,,lloyd ,,george ,,at ,,bangor4     
,february #bh1 #aiae4  ,illustration    
,the ,crown ,prince3 ,isn't it an       
enjoyable war8  ,william3 ,perhaps1 but 
hardly as much so as ,i anticipated     
,to sum up1 the ,german ,general ,staff 
has placed upon its record since the    
beginning of the campaign--apart from   
the failure of its great plan1 which    
aimed at the crushing of ,france in a   
few weeks--seven defeats of high        
significance1 namely1 the defeat of the 
sudden attack on ,nancy1 the defeat of  
the rapid march on ,paris1 the defeat of
 the envelopement of our left in        
,august1 the defeat of the same         
envelopement in ,november1 the defeat of
 the attempt to break through our centre
 in ,september1 the defeat of the coast 
attack on ,dunkirk and ,calais1 and the 
defeat of the attack on ,ypres4         
,french ,official report1 ,february1    
#aiae4  ,illustration     ,a ,,letter   
,,from ,,the ,,german ,,trenches  ,we   
have gained a good bit3 our cemeteries  

now extend as far as the sea   ,the     
wastage of ,german effectives is easy to
 establish4 ,we have for the purpose two
 sources--the official lists of losses  
published by the ,german ,general ,staff
 and the notebooks1 letters1 and        
archives of soldiers and officers killed
 and taken prisoners4 ,these different  
documents show that by the middle of    
,january the ,german losses on the two  
fronts were #a1hjj1jjj men4  ,these     
figures are certainly less than the     
reality1 because1 for one thing1 the    
sick are not comprised1 and1 for        
another1 the losses in the last battle  
in ,poland are not included4 ,let us    
accept them1 however2 let us accept also
 that out of these #a1hjj1jjj men       
#ejj1jjj--this is the normal            
proportion--have been able to rejoin    
after being cured4 ,thus the final loss 
for five months of the campaign has been
 #a1cjj1jjj men1 or #bfj1jjj men per    
month4       ,french ,government        
,official ,report4                      

,march1 #aiae4  ,illustration           
,,neuve ,,chapelle  ,order of the ,crown
 ,prince of ,bavaria3 ,you must give    
those ,english heavy blows4  ,tommy to  
prisoners after ,neuve ,chapelle3       
,weren't they heavy8   ,soldiers of the 
,sixth ,army6 ,we have now the good luck
 to have also the ,englishmen opposite  
us on our front1 troops of that race    
whose envy was at work for years to     
surround us with a ring of foes and to  
throttle us4 ,that race especially we   
have to thank for this war4 ,therefore1 
when now the order is given to attack   
this foe1 practice retribution for their
 hostile treachery and for the many     
heavy sacrifices6 ,show them that the   
,germans are not so easily to be wiped  
out of history4 ,show them that1 with   
,german blows of a special kind4 ,here  
is the opponent who most blocks a       
restoration of the peace4 ,up and at    
him6       ,,crown ,,prince ,,rupprecht4
   ,after several days of severe        
fighting the ,british captured ,neuve   

,chapelle1 on the #aath ,march1 #aiae4  
,the ,german loss was estimated at      
#ah1jjj4  ,illustration     ,,the       
,,munition ,,shortage  ,fired at but    
unable to reply   ,we have unfortunately
 found that the output is not only not  
equal to our necessities1 but does not  
fulfil our expectations4444 ,i can only 
say that the supply of war material at  
the present moment and for the next two 
or three months is causing me very      
serious anxiety1 and ,i wish all those  
engaged in the manufacture and supply of
 these stores to realize that it is     
absolutely essential not only that the  
arrears in the deliveries of our        
munitions of war should be wiped off1   
but that the output of every round of   
ammunition is of the utmost importance  
and has a large influence on our        
operations in the field4                
,,lord ,,kitchener4      ,house of      
,commons1 ,march #ae1 #aiae4            
,illustration     ,,submarine ,,bags    
,on ,march #ah a month had passed since 

the beginning of our sharp procedure    
against our worst foe4 ,we can in every 
way be satisfied with the results       
achieved in the meantime6 ,in spite of  
all steps taken before and thereafter1  
the ,english have everywhere had        
important losses to show at sea--some   
#bjj ships lost since the beginning of  
the war1 according to the latest        
statements of the ,allies4  ,in the     
innocent exalted island kingdom many a  
fellow is already striking2 why should  
not even the recruit strike1 who is also
 beginning to get a glimmer of the truth
 that there are no props in the ocean   
waves8  ,the more opponents come before 
the bows of our ships and are sunk1 the 
better6 ,down with them to the bottom of
 the sea2 that alone will help6 ,let us 
hope that we shall soon receive more    
such cheerful news4                     
,,vice-,,admiral ,,kirchoff4            
,hamburger ,framdenblatt4               
,march #ai1 #aiae4  ,illustration     ,i
 had such a delightful dream that the   

whole thing was not true   ,the         
strategic retreat of the ,french ,army1 
the facility with which the ,german     
armies were able to advance from ,august
 #be to ,september #e1 gave our         
adversaries a feeling of absolute and   
final superiority1 which manifested     
itself at that time by all the          
statements gleaned and all the documents
 seized4  ,at the moment of the battle  
of the ,marne the first impression was  
one of failure of comprehension and of  
stupor4 ,a great number of ,german      
soldiers1 notably those who fell into   
our hands during the first days of that 
battle1 believed fully1 as at the end of
 ,august1 that the retreat they were    
ordered to make was only a means of     
luring us into a trap4 ,german military 
opinion was suddenly converted when the 
soldiers saw that this retreat          
continued1 and that it was being carried
 out in disorder1 under conditions which
 left no doubt as to its cause and its  
extent4       ,french ,government       

,official ,report4                      
,march1 #aiae4  ,illustration     ,,fox 
,,tirpitz ,,preaching ,,to ,,the ,,geese
  ,you see1 my little ,dutch ,geese1 ,i 
am fighting for the freedom of the ,seas
   ,on ,march #be1 #aiae1 the ,dutch    
vessel ,medea1 on the way from ,valencia
 to ,london1 was sunk by a ,german      
submarine1 ,u #bh1 near ,beachy ,head1  
after the crew had had time to save     
themselves in the boats4 ,the submarine 
towed the two boats for a quarter of an 
hour and then left the occupants to     
their fate4  ,the ,german ,government   
considered that the ,declaration of     
,london gave it the right to sink       
neutral prizes laden with contraband4   
,the ,dutch ,government held firmly to  
its standpoint that the destruction of a
 neutral prize was in all circumstances 
an illegal act and that the prescription
 of the ,declaration of ,london         
allowing1 by way of exception1          
destruction of neutral prizes1 could not
 be regarded as established             

international law4  ,its offer to submit
 the case to international arbitration  
was rejected by the ,german ,government4
       ,times ,history of the ,war4     
,illustration     ,,iron ,,crosses  ,you
 laugh1 ,muller6 but there are still    
people who like them1 and besides it    
gives me exercise   ,from the very      
beginning there was a wholesale         
distribution of ,iron ,crosses4 ,before 
the war the possession of an ,iron      
,cross was a rare distinction and a     
cherished memory of the war of #ahgj4   
,iron ,crosses soon became as plentiful 
as blackberries4 ,according to official 
statistics there had up to the end of   
,march1 #aiae1 been distributed five    
,grand ,crosses1 #f1dhh ,iron ,crosses  
of the ,first ,class1 and #cch1bfa ,iron
 ,crosses of the ,second ,class4 ,during
 the whole of the war of #ahgj only     
#a1cjd ,iron ,crosses of the ,first     
,class and #de1gia ,iron ,crosses of the
 ,second ,class had been distributed4   
,times ,history of the ,war4            

,illustration     ,,bethmann-,,hollweg  
,,and ,,truth  ,truth is on the path and
 nothing will stay her   ,a ,german has 
written this book4 ,no ,frenchman1 no   
,russian1 no ,englishman4  ,a ,german   
who is unbribed and unbribable1 not     
bought and not for sale4  ,a ,german who
 loves his ,fatherland as much as any   
man2 but just because he loves it1 he   
has written this book4  ,opening lines  
of ,j'accuse--a ,german to              
,germans--published in ,switzerland1    
,april1 #aiae4   ,the book sets out to  
prove that the war had long been planned
 and prepared by ,germany and ,austria1 
not only from the military but from the 
political point of view4  ,that it had  
long been determined to represent this  
aggressive war to the ,german people as 
a war of liberation1 since it was known 
that only thus could the needful        
enthusiasm be aroused4  ,that the object
 of this war is the establishment of    
,german hegemony on the ,continent1 and 
in due course the conquest of ,england's

 position as a world power on the       
principle ,ote-toi de la que je m'y     
mette4  ,illustration     ,,the ,,falaba
  ,we have better luck with passenger   
boats than with war ships1 for they     
cannot shoot   ,on ,march #bh1 #aiae1   
the ,british steamer ,falaba was        
torpedoed by a ,german submarine4 ,the  
torpedoes were fired while the crew and 
passengers were entering the small      
boats4 ,more than #ajj persons1         
including ,mr4 ,thrasher1 an ,american  
citizen1 perished with the ship4  ,while
 some of the boats were still on their  
davits the submarine fired a torpedo at 
short range4 ,this action made it       
absolutely certain that there must be   
great loss of life and it must have been
 committed knowingly with the intention 
of producing that result4               
,,british ,,official ,,press ,,bureau4  
,april #h1 #aiae4  ,illustration        
,,the ,,gas ,,fiend   ,at some time     
between #d and #e ,p4,m4 7#bb;d ,april7 
the ,germans started operations by      

releasing gases with the result that a  
cloud of poisonous vapor rolled swiftly 
before the wind from their trenches     
toward those of the ,french west of     
,langemarck1 held by a portion of the   
,french ,colonial ,division4 ,allowing  
sufficient time for the fumes to take   
full effect on the troops facing them1  
the ,germans charged forward over the   
practically unresisting enemy in their  
immediate front1 and1 penetrating       
through the gap thus created1 pressed on
 silently and swiftly to the south and  
west4       ,,british ,,official        
,,eyewitness4                  ,april   
#bg1 #aiae4   ,we shall not allow these 
wonderful weapons1 which ,german        
intelligence invented1 to grow rusty4   
,the ,cologne ,gazette4   ,germany was a
 signatory to the declaration at the    
,hague ,conference of #ahii1 and an     
article in that ,declaration ran as     
follows3 ,the contracting ,powers agree 
to abstain from the use of projectiles  
the sole object of which is the         

diffusion of asphyxiating or deleterious
 gases4  ,illustration     ,,slow       
,,asphyxiation   ,these men were lying  
struggling for breath and blue in the   
face4 ,on examining the blood with the  
spectroscope and by other means1 ,i     
ascertained that the blueness was not   
due to the presence of any abnormal     
pigment4 ,there was nothing to account  
for the blueness 7cyanosis7 and struggle
 for air but the one fact that they were
 suffering from acute bronchitis1 such  
as is caused by inhalation of an        
irritant gas4 ,their statements were    
that when in the trenches they had been 
overwhelmed by an irritant gas produced 
in front of the ,german trenches and    
carried toward them by a gentle breeze4 
,official ,investigation by       ,,dr4 
,j4 ,s4 ,,haldane1 ,f4,r4,s4            
,illustration     ,hullo6 ,potsdam8 ,did
 you thank your dear old ,god for this  
new success8   ,the ,royal ,highlanders 
of ,montreal1 #acth ,battalion1 and the 
#dhth ,highlanders1 #aeth ,battalion1   

were more especially affected by the    
discharge4 ,the ,royal ,highlanders1    
though considerably shaken1 remained    
immovable on their ground4 ,the #dhth   
,highlanders1 who no doubt received a   
more poisonous discharge1 were for the  
moment dismayed1 and1 indeed1 their     
trench1 according to the testimony of   
very hardened soldiers1 became          
intolerable4  ,the ,battalion retired   
from the trench1 but for a very short   
distance and for a very short time4 ,in 
a few moments they were again their own 
men4 ,they advanced on and reoccupied   
the trenches which they had momentarily 
abandoned4444  ,the sorely tried        
,battalion 7the #acth7 held on for a    
time in dug-outs1 and1 under cover of   
darkness1 retired again to a new line   
being formed by reinforcements4 ,the    
rearguard was under ,lieut4             
,greenshields4 ,but ,major ,mc,cuaig    
remained to see that the wounded were   
removed4 ,it was then1 after having     
escaped a thousand deaths through the   

long battle of the night1 that he was   
shot down and made a prisoner4          
,,sir ,,max ,,aitken1      in ,canada in
 ,flanders4  ,illustration     ,,the    
,,adoration ,,of ,,the ,,magi           
,illustration     ,,all ,,is ,,quiet    
,,in ,,belgium   ,i asked ,general von  
,bissing if there was much need for this
 military tribunal 7,the ,feld          
,gericht74 ,i shall not forget his      
reply4  ,we have a few serious cases1 he
 said4 ,occasionally there is a little  
sedition but for the most part it is    
only needle pricks4 ,they are quiet now4
 ,they know why1 and1 slowly shaking his
 head1 von ,bissing1 who is known as the
 sternest disciplinarian in the entire  
,german ,army1 smiled4       ,from an   
interview given by the                  
,,governor-,,general ,,of ,,belgium to  
,,edward ,,lyall ,,fox1        ,new     
,york ,times1 ,april1 #aiae4            
,illustration     ,germany3 ,gott strafe
 ,england6 or ,i will do it myself      
,,notice6  ,travellers intending to     

embark on the ,atlantic voyage are      
reminded that a state of war exists     
between ,germany and her allies and     
,great ,britain and her allies2 that the
 zone of war includes the waters        
adjacent to the ,british ,isles2 that1  
in accordance with formal notice given  
by the ,imperial ,german ,government1   
vessels flying the flag of ,great       
,britain1 or of any of her allies1 are  
liable to destruction in those waters   
and that travellers sailing in the war  
zone on ships of ,great ,britain or her 
allies do so at their own risk4         
,,imperial ,,german ,,embassy4          
,washington1 ,d4 ,c41 ,april #bb1 #aiae4
      ,advertisement published in ,new  
,york newspapers4  ,illustration        
,well1 have you nearly done8   ,the     
,cunard liner ,lusitania was yesterday  
torpedoed by a ,german submarine and    
sank4 ,the ,lusitania was naturally     
armed with guns4 ,moreover1 as is well  
know here1 she had large quantities of  
war material in her cargo4              

,,berlin ,,official ,,report1 ,may #h1  
#aiae4   ,this report is not correct4   
,the ,lusitania was inspected before    
sailing1 as is customary4 ,no guns were 
found1 mounted or unmounted1 and the    
vessel sailed without any armament4     
,,collector ,,port ,,of ,,new ,,york1   
,may #i1 #aiae4   ,the sinking of the   
,british passenger steamer ,falaba by a 
,german submarine on ,march #bh1 through
 which ,leon ,c4 ,thrasher1 an ,american
 citizen1 was drowned2 the attack on    
,april #bh on the ,american vessel      
,cushing by a ,german aeroplane2 the    
torpedoing on ,may #a of the ,american  
vessel ,gulflight by a ,german submarine
 as a result of which two or more       
,american citizens met their death2 and1
 finally1 the torpedoing and sinking of 
the steamship ,lusitania1 constitute a  
series of events which the ,government  
of the ,united ,states has observed with
 growing concern1 distress1 and         
amazement4       ,,from ,,united        
,,states ,,note ,,to ,,germany1         

,may #ac1 #aiae4  ,illustration         
,,the ,,lusitania--,,herod',s           
,,nightmare  ,are they crying           
',mother'--or ',murder'8   ,this        
represents not merely piracy1 but piracy
 on a vaster scale of murder than       
old-time pirates ever practiced4 ,this  
is the warfare which destroyed ,louvain 
and ,dinant and hundreds of men1 women1 
and children in ,belgium4 ,it is a      
warfare against innocent men1 women1 and
 children traveling on the ocean1 and   
our own fellow-countrymen and           
countrywomen1 who are among the         
sufferers4  ,it seems inconceivable that
 we can refrain from taking action in   
this matter1 for we owe it not only to  
humanity1 but to our own national       
self-respect4       ,,col4 ,,theodore   
,,roosevelt4                 ,may #g1   
#aiae4  ,illustration     ,,victims ,,of
 ,,german ,,kultur   ,whatever be the   
other facts regarding the ,lusitania1   
the principal fact is that a great      
steamer1 primarily and chiefly a        

conveyance for passengers1 and carrying 
more than a thousand souls having no    
part or lot in the conduct of the war1  
was torpedoed and sunk without so much  
as a challenge or a warning1 that men1  
women and children were sent to their   
death in circumstances unparalleled in  
modern warfare4       ,,united ,,states 
,,government',s      ,,note ,,to        
,,germany4  ,illustration     ,,the     
,,verdict  ,it is the ,hour1 come   ,we 
find that this appalling crime was      
contrary to ,international law and the  
conventions of all civilized nations1   
and we therefore charge the officers of 
the said submarine1 and the ,emperor of 
the ,government of ,germany1 under whose
 orders they acted1 with the crime of   
wilful and wholesale murder before the  
tribunal of the civilized world4 ,we    
desire to express our sincere condolence
 with the relatives of deceased2 the    
,cunard ,company2 and the ,united       
,states of ,america1 so many of whose   
citizens perished in this murderous     

attack on an unarmed liner4       ,the  
unanimous verdict of the ,irish jury at 
the inquest of the ,lusitania victims4  
,illustration     ,,this ,,is ,,too     
,,boring1 ,,do ,,suggest ,,something    
,,new   ,some ,german achievements in   
the first months of the ,great ,war3    
,the violation of ,belgium and          
,luxemburg4  ,massacre of civilian      
populations in ,belgium and ,france4    
,bombardment by warships of open towns4 
,murder of civilians by air raids4      
,murder of civilians on the high seas4  
,the introduction of liquid fire and    
poison gas4  ,enslavement of conquered  
civilian communities4  ,illustration    
,,have ,,another ,,piece8   ,without a  
drop of blood flowing1 and without the  
life of a single ,italian being         
endangered1 ,italy could have secured   
the long list of concessions which ,i   
recently read to the ,house--territory  
in ,tyrol and on the ,isonzo as far as  
the ,italian speech is heard1           
satisfactions of the national           

aspirations in ,trieste1 a free hand in 
,albania1 and the valuable port of      
,valona4           ,,von                
,,bethmann-,,hollweg4      ,reichstag1  
,may #bh1 #aiae4  ,illustration         
,,the ,,wolf-,,trap  ,italy3 ,you would 
make me believe that ,i shall have my   
cub given back to me1 but ,i know ,i    
shall have to fight for it   ,the       
discussion continued for months from the
 first days of ,december to ,march1 and 
it was not until the end of ,march that 
,barion ,burian offered a zone of       
territory comprised within a line       
extending from the existing boundary to 
a point just north of the ,city of      
,trent4  ,in exchange for this proposed 
cession the ,austro-,hungarian          
,government demanded a number of        
pledges1 including among them an        
assurance of entire liberty of action in
 the ,balkans4 ,note should be made of  
the fact that the cession of the        
territory around ,trent was not intended
 to be immediately effective as we      

demanded1 but was to be made only upon  
the termination of the ,european ,war4  
,,signor ,,sonnino4      ,italian       
,minister of ,foreign ,affairs4         
,may #be1 #aiae4  ,illustration         
,,the ,,broken ,,alliance ,,and ,,italy 
,twenty years and more you've forced me 
to wear this chain   ,for the           
guardianship1 therefore1 of these       
treaties the government of the kingdom  
of ,italy found itself constrained to   
notify the ,imperial ,austrian          
,government on the fourth of this month1
 ,may1 #aiae1 that it must withdraw all 
of its proposals of agreement1 denounce 
the treaty of the alliance1 and declare 
its own liberty of action4 ,nor1 on the 
other hand1 was it more possible to     
leave ,italy in isolation without       
security and without prestige1 just at  
the moment in which the history of the  
world was taking on a decisive phase4   
,everything else we must forget from    
this moment1 and remember only this3 to 
be ,italians1 to love all ,italy with   

the same faith and fervor4 ,the forces  
of all must be cemented into one single 
heart2 only one single will must guide  
all toward the wished for end2 and      
force1 and art1 and will must find their
 expression one1 alive1 and heroic in   
the army and navy of ,italy and in the  
august leader who conducts them toward  
the destiny of the new history4         
,,antonio ,,salandra4      ,president of
 the ,ministerial ,council4             
,rome4 ,may #bj1 #aiae4  ,illustration  
,,gott ,,strafe ,,italien   ,neither    
,serbia nor ,russia1 despite a long and 
costly war1 is hated4 ,italy1 however1  
or rather those ,italian would be       
politicians and business men who offer  
violence to the majority of peaceful    
,italian people1 are so unutterably     
hated with the most profound honesty    
that this war can produce4       ,the   
,frankfurter ,zeitung1 ,may #be1 #aiae4 
,illustration     ,,the ,,latin         
,,sisters  ,italy3 ,indeed she is my    
sister   ,giuseppe ,garibaldi with a    

corps of ,italian soldiers went to the  
defense of the ,french ,republic in the 
war of #ahgj against the ,prussians1    
performing heroic deeds at ,dijon worthy
 of an epopee4  ,ricciotti ,garibaldi1  
living son of the ,hero1 with a corps of
 ,italian volunteers went to the defense
 of ,greece against ,turkey in #ahig1   
performing heroic deeds worthy of an    
epopee at ,domokos4  ,peppino           
,garibaldi1 living son of ,ricciotti1   
with a corps of ,italian volunteers went
 to the defense of the ,french ,republic
 in the present war against ,germany1   
performing heroic deeds worthy of an    
epopee in the ,argonne4       ,from ,why
 ,italy entered the ,great ,war4        
,,luigi ,,carnovale4  ,illustration     
,,the ,,zeppelin ,,triumph  ,but ,mother
 had done nothing wrong1 had she1       
,daddy8   ,the first ,zeppelin attack on
 ,london was made on the evening of the 
last day of ,may1 #aiae4 ,zeppelins     
passed over ,colchester at #aj o'clock1 
and at twenty-three minutes past ten the

 people in one of the poorest and most  
crowded quarters of ,east ,end were     
startled to find bomb after bomb1 mainly
 of incendiary type1 dropping among     
them4 ,a large number of civilians      
including many women and children were  
killed4       ,by shell from sea1 by    
bomb from air1     ,our greeting shall  
be sped1     ,making each ,english      
homestead     ,a mansion of the dead4   
,and even ,grey will tremble     ,as    
falls each iron word2     ,god punish   
,england1 brother8     ,yea6 ,punish    
her1 ,o ,lord6        ,a ,hymn of ,hate 
by ,,herr ,,hochstetter4                
,translated by               ,,capt4 ,g4
 ,,valentine ,,williams4                
,london ,daily ,mail4  ,illustration    
,,my ,,son1 ,,go ,,and ,,fight ,,for    
,,your ,,motherland  ,,is ,,your        
,,conscience ,,clear8   ,ask your       
conscience why you are staying          
comfortably at home instead of doing    
your share for your ,king and ,country4 
#a4 ,are you too old8       ,the only   

man who is too old is the man who is    
over #ch4  #b4 ,are you physically fit8 
,the only man who can say honestly that 
he is not physically fit is      the man
 who has been told so by a ,medical     
,officer4  #c4 ,do you suggest you      
cannot leave your business8       ,in   
this great crisis the only man who      
cannot leave his business is      the   
man who is himself actually doing work  
for the ,government4  ,if your          
conscience is not clear on these three  
points your duty is plain4              
,,enlist ,,to-,,day       ,,god ,,save  
,,the ,,king       ,newspaper           
advertisement in        ,british ,press1
 ,may1 #aiae4  ,illustration     ,,the  
,,sacrifice--,,for ,,humanity',s ,,sake 
,the women of ,great ,britain will never
 forget what ,belgium has done for all  
that women hold most dear4  ,in the days
 to come mothers will tell their        
children how a small but great-souled   
nation fought to the death against      
overwhelming odds and sacrificed all    

things to save the world from an        
intolerable tyranny4  ,the story of the 
,belgian people's defense of freedom    
will inspire countless generations yet  
unborn4             ,,emmeline          
,,pankhurst1      in ,king ,albert's    
,book4  ,illustration     ,,on          
,,ticket-,,of-,,leave  ,next time ,i'll 
wear a ,german ,helmet and plead        
',military ,necessity'   ,the ,german   
went into this war with a mind which had
 been carefully trained out of the idea 
of every moral sense or obligation1     
private1 public1 or international4 ,he  
does not recognize the existence of any 
law1 least of all those he has          
subscribed to himself1 in making war    
against women and children4  ,all       
mankind bears witness to-day that there 
is no crime1 no cruelty1 no abomination 
that the mind of man can conceive which 
the ,german has not perpetrated1 is not 
perpetrating1 and will not perpetrate if
 he is allowed to go on4  ,these horrors
 and perversions were not invented by   

him on the spur of the moment4 ,they    
were arranged beforehand4 ,their        
outlines are laid down in the ,german   
war book4 ,they are part of the system  
in which ,germany has been              
scientifically trained4 ,it is the      
essence of that system to make such a   
hell of countries where their armies set
 foot that any terms she may offer will 
seem like heaven to the people whose    
bodies she has defiled and whose minds  
she has broken of set purpose and       
intention4                              
,,rudyard ,,kipling1      at ,southport1
 ,england1 ,june1 #aiae4  ,illustration 
,,another ,,german ,,victory   ,in ,june
 the ,germans once more turned to the   
,east and the ,north-,east ,coast4 ,on  
,june #d1 #aiae1 there was a raid1 doing
 some slight damage2 and two days later 
there was another1 by far the most      
serious of any that had yet happened4   
,the raiders succeeded in reaching a    
town on the ,east ,coast during the     
night and bombed it at their leisure4   

,one large drapery house was struck and 
was completely wrecked1 the entire      
building--a somewhat old                
one--collapsing4 ,some working-class    
streets were very badly damaged1 a      
number of houses destroyed1 and many    
people injured4 ,it was one of the      
peculiarities of this raid that1 unlike 
most of the others1 all the people      
injured were struck while indoors4 ,the 
total casualties here were twenty-four  
killed1 about sixty seriously injured1  
and a larger number slightly injured4   
,times ,history of the ,war4            
,illustration     ,he was a brave       
',zepp1' he had already killed over one 
hundred women and children   ,the       
outrage 7see preceding page7 was quickly
 avenged by a young ,british naval      
airman1 ,flight ,sub-,lieut4 ,r4 ,a4 ,j4
 ,warneford1 in one of the most         
brilliant aerial exploits of the war4   
,on the morning of ,june #g at #c ,a4   
,m4 he encountered a ,zeppelin returning
 from the coast of ,flanders to ,ghent1 

and chased it1 mounting above it and    
sailing over it at a height of #f1jjj   
feet4 ,zeppelin and aeroplane exchanged 
shots1 and when the ,zeppelin was       
between one and two hundred feet        
immediately below him he dropped six    
bombs on it4 ,one bomb hit the ,zeppelin
 fairly1 causing a terrific explosion1  
and setting the airship on fire from end
 to end4 ,warneford's aeroplane was     
caught by the force of the explosion and
 turned upside down1 but he succeeded in
 righting it before it touched the      
ground4 ,he was forced to alight within 
the ,german lines4 ,nevertheless he     
restarted his engine1 though not without
 great difficulty1 and in due course    
returned to his station without damage4 
,only the framework of the ,zeppelin was
 left1 the crew being all burned or     
mangled1 and the body of the machine    
being completely destroyed4       ,times
 ,history of the ,war4  ,illustration   
,,the ,,great ,,surprise  ,moses ,,ii4  
leads his chosen people through the     

channel to the promised 7,eng47 land    
,from a military or political or        
economic point of view one should look  
at the matter 7the capture of ,calais7  
with the eyes of ,great ,britain and    
define the ,calais idea as a possibility
 for a seafaring continental power to   
conduct a war against ,great ,britain   
from the continental coast channel and  
with all military resources while       
holding open communication between the  
,atlantic ,ocean and the ,north ,sea4   
,,count ,,von ,,reventlow4              
,june1 #aiae4  ,illustration     ,,botha
 ,,to ,,britain  ,i have carried out    
everything in accordance with our       
compact at ,vereeniging   ,on ,july #i1 
#aiae1 a despatch from ,general ,botha  
was published stating that he had       
brought his campaign in ,south-,west    
,africa to a triumphant close1 and had  
received the unconditional surrender of 
,governor ,sietz and the ,german forces 
of #c1ejj men4 ,the campaign1 commencing
 in ,february1 had lasted five months4  

,the patriotic devotion of ,general     
,botha and the loyalty of the great     
majority of the ,dutch people to the    
cause of the ,british ,empire were a    
magnificent vindication of the ,liberal 
,cabinet's policy of reconciliation     
after the close of the ,south ,african  
war4  ,illustration     ,,the ,,british 
,,commonwealth ,,in ,,arms   ,the       
self-governing ,colonies in the ,british
 ,empire have at their disposal a       
'militia1' which is sometimes only a    
process of formation4 ,they can be      
completely ignored so far as concerns   
any ,european theatre of war4           
,,von ,,bernhardi1 #aiaa4   ,our        
thoughts naturally turn to the splendid 
efforts of the ,oversea ,dominions and  
,india1 who1 from the earliest days of  
the war1 have ranged themselves side by 
side with the ,mother ,country4 ,the    
prepared armed forces of ,india were the
 first to take the field1 closely       
followed by the gallant ,canadians--who 
are now fighting alongside their        

,british and ,french comrades in        
,flanders4 ,in the ,dardanelles the     
,australians and ,new                   
,zealanders--combined with the same     
elements1 have already accomplished a   
feat of arms of almost unexampled       
brilliancy4 ,in each of these great     
,dominions new and large contingents are
 being prepared1 while ,south ,africa1  
not content with the successful         
conclusion of the arduous campaign in   
,south-,west ,africa1 is now offering   
large forces to engage the enemy in the 
main theatre of war4       ,,lord       
,,kitchener1 ,guildhall speech1 ,july   
#i1 #aiae4   ,there are now in training 
or in the field #cej1jjj troops of the  
overseas dominions alone1 while this    
country1 on estimate1 has at least      
#b1gge1jjj men in the field or in       
training4       ,,sir ,,gilbert         
,,parker1 ,july1 #aiae4  ,illustration  
,,john ,,bull3 ,,come ,,on1 ,,michael1  
,i',m ,,awake ,,now   ,rightly or       
wrongly1 we have in the past devoted our

 energies and our intelligence1 not to  
preparations for war1 but to that social
 progress which makes for the happiness 
and contentment of the mass of our      
people4 ,and this1 no doubt1 is the     
reason why other nations imagine that   
we1 as a nation of shopkeepers1 are too 
indolent and apathetic to fight for and 
maintain these priceless liberties won  
by the men who laid the foundation of   
our vast empire4  ,but they are entirely
 mistaken in forming any such estimate  
of the temperament or determination of  
our people4 ,great ,britain hates war1  
and no nation enters more reluctantly   
upon its horrible and devastating       
operations2 but at the same time no     
nation1 when it is driven to war by the 
machinations of its foes who desire to  
filch from it or from its co-champions  
of liberty any portion of their         
inherited freedom1 is more resolved to  
see the matter through1 at whatever     
cost1 to a successful issue4       ,,sir
 ,,edward ,,carson1 ,british            

,attorney-,general4          ,statement 
on first twelve months of war4          
,illustration     ,l',,avenir   ,the    
only peace which the republic can accept
 is that which guarantees the security  
of ,europe and which will permit us to  
breathe and to live and to work to      
reconstruct our dismembered country and 
repair our ruins1 a peace which will    
effectively protect us against any      
offensive return of the ,germanic       
ambitions4  ,the present generations are
 accountable for ,france to posterity4  
,they will not permit the profanation of
 the trust which their ancestors        
confided to their charge4 ,france is    
determined to conquer2 she will conquer4
         ,president of the ,french      
,republic4      ,from speech on the     
conclusion of the                       
first year of war4  ,illustration       
,,oranje ,,boven        ,german         
,oculist1 trying on spectacles3         
,what do you read now8       ,dutchman3 
,deutschland ueber ,alles4       ,german

 ,oculist3 ,that is right3 that pair    
exactly suits you4       ,oranje ,boven 
is the ,dutch cry which answers to the  
,german      ,deutschland ueber ,alles4 
,the cartoons reproduced upon the       
opposite and following pages are        
selected examples of the series drawn   
for and published in ,the ,amsterdam    
,telegraaf1 at the time when ,holland   
was invaded by an army of spies and     
secret agents who carried on a vast     
system of pro-,german propaganda4 ,these
 cartoons represent ,raemaekers' reply4 
,it was during the publication of these 
pictures that a price was set upon his  
head by the ,german ,government1 and he 
was charged by the ,dutch ,government1  
at the instance of the representatives  
of the ,central ,powers with endangering
 the neutrality of ,holland1 a form of  
persecution which had an effect quite   
opposite to that intended1 as it        
resulted only in drawing the attention  
of the ,allies and other ,neutrals to   
the power and significance of           

,raemaekers' cartoons1 which was        
followed by a much wider distribution of
 his work4  ,illustration     ,,the     
,,envoy ,,to ,,her ,,majesty  ,madam1   
your soldiers will get splendid         
,prussian uniforms and ,your ,majesty   
will have a place of honour in the      
retinue of the ,kaiser  ,illustration   
,,better ,a ,,living ,,dog ,,than ,a    
,,dead ,,lion  ,the ,driver3 ,you are a 
worthy ,dutchman4 ,he who lies in that  
grave was a foolish idealist            
,illustration     ,,the ,,dutch         
,,junkers  ,at least we shall get posts 
as gamekeepers when ,germany takes us   
after the war  ,illustration     ,,the  
,,eagle ,,in ,,the ,,hen ,,run  ,german 
,eagle3 ,come along1 ,dutch chicken1 we 
will easily arrange an agreement4  ,the 
,dutch chicken3 ,yes1 in your stomach4  
,illustration     ,,our ,,candid        
,,friend  ,i shall have to swallow you  
up if only to prevent those ,english    
taking your ,colonies  ,illustration    
,,the ,,free ,,sea  ,germany's idea of  

what it would make of it for ,holland   
,illustration