,,! ,,s\l ,,( ,,! ,,indian  ,an         
,int]pretation  ,by ,*>les ,alex&]      
,ea/man 7,ohiyesa7         ,,to ,,my    
,,wife      ,,ela9e ,,goodale ,,ea/man  
,,9 ,,grateful ,,recognition ,,( ,,h]   
,,ev]-,,inspir+ ,,companion%ip      ,,9 
,,?\ght ,,& ,,"w      ,,& ,,9 ,,love ,,(
 ,,h] ,,mo/      ,,indian-,,l ,,virtues 
,i ,,d$icate ,,?is ,,book         ,i    
speak = ea* no-tongu$ tree      ,t1 spr+
 by spr+1 do? nobl] be1      ,& dumbly &
 mo/ wi/fully      ,8 mighty pray]ful   
arms outspreads1      ,& 8 big bless+   
d[nw>d %$s4      --,,sidney ,,lani]4    
,b !re's a dome ( nobl] span1           
,a temple giv5      ,?y fai?1 t bigots  
d>e n ban--          ,its space is      
heav56      ,x's ro( />-pictur$         
,nature's ceil+1      ,:]e1 tranc+ !    
rapt _s's feel+1      ,& ,god ,himself  
to man reveal+1          ,?' h>moni\s   
sph]es      ,make music1 ?\gh unhe>d _! 
peal+          ,by mortal e>s6          
--,,?omas ,,campbell4        ,god6 s+ ye
 mead[ /reams ) gladsome voice6      ,ye

 p9e-groves1 ) y\r s(t & s\l-l s\nds6   
,ye eagles1 playmates ( ! m\nta9 /orm6  
,ye lightn+s1 ! dread arr[s ( ! cl\ds6  
,ye signs & wond]s ( ! elem5ts1         
,utt] =? ,god1 & fill ! hills )         
praise6444      ,e>?1 ) h] ?\s& voices1 
praises ,,god6      --,,col]idge4       
,,=eword   8,we also h a religion :i* 0 
giv5 to our =efa!rs1 & has be5 h&$ d[n  
to u _! *ildr54 ,x tea*es u to be       
?ankful1 to be unit$1 & to love "o      
ano!r6 ,we nev] qu>rel ab\t religion40  
,?us spoke ! great ,s5eca orator1 ,r$   
,jacket1 9 8 sup]b reply to ,mission>y  
,cram m ?an a c5tury ago1 & ,i h (t5    
he>d ! same ?\ght express$ by my        
c\ntrym54  ,i h attempt$ to pa9t !      
religi\s life ( ! typical ,am]ican      
,indian z x 0 be=e he knew ! :ite man4  
,i h long wi%$ to d ?is1 because ,i _c  
f9d t x has ev] be5 s]i\sly1 adequately1
 & s9c]ely done4 ,! religion ( ! ,indian
 is ! la/ ?+ ab\t him t ! man ( ano!r   
race w ev] und]/&4  ,fir/1 ! ,indian    
does n speak ( ^! deep matt]s s long z  

he believes 9 !m1 & :5 he has ceas$ to  
believe he speaks inaccurately &        
slight+ly4  ,second1 ev5 if he c be     
induc$ to speak1 ! racial & religi\s    
prejudice ( ! o!r /&s 9 ! way ( 8       
sympa!tic compreh5sion4  ,?ird1         
practically all exi/+ /udies on ?is     
subject h be5 made dur+ ! transition    
p]iod1 :5 ! orig9al beliefs & philosophy
 ( ! native ,am]ican 7 already und]go+  
rapid dis9tegration4  ,!re are to be    
f\nd "h & !re sup]ficial acc\nts (      
/range cu/oms & c]emonies1 ( :i* !      
symbolism or inn] mean+ 0 l>gely hidd5 f
 ! obs]v]2 & !re has be5 a great deal ( 
mat]ial collect$ 9 rec5t ye>s :i* is )\t
 value because x is mod]n & hybrid1     
inextricably mix$ ) ,biblical leg5d &   
,caucasian philosophy4 ,"s ( x has ev5  
be5 inv5t$ = comm]cial purposes4 ,give a
 res]vation ,indian a pres5t1 & he w    
possibly provide y ) sacr$ songs1 a     
my?ology1 & folk-lore to ord]6  ,my     
little book does n pret5d to be a       
sci5tific treatise4 ,x is z true z ,i c 

make x to my *ildhood tea*+ & ance/ral  
ideals1 b f ! human1 n ! e?nological    
/&po9t4 ,i h n c>$ to pile up m dry     
bones1 b to clo! !m ) fle% & blood4 ,s  
mu* z has be5 writt5 by /rang]s ( our   
anci5t fai? & wor%ip treats x *iefly z  
matt] ( curiosity4 ,i %\ld l to         
emphasize its univ]sal quality1 its     
p]sonal appeal6  ,! fir/ mission>ies1   
good m5 imbu$ ) ! n>r[ness ( _! age1    
br&$ u z pagans & devil-wor%ip]s1 &     
dem&$ ( u t we abjure our false gods    
be=e b[+ ! knee at _! sacr$ alt>4 ,!y   
ev5 told u t we 7 et]nally lo/1 unless  
we adopt$ a tangible symbol & pr(ess$ a 
p>ticul> =m ( _! hydra-head$ fai?4  ,we 
( ! tw5tie? c5tury "k bett]6 ,we "k t   
all religi\s aspiration1 all s9c]e      
wor%ip1 c h b "o s\rce & "o goal4 ,we "k
 t ! ,god ( ! lett]$ & ! unlett]$1 ( !  
,greek & ! b>b>ian1 is aft] all ! same  
,god2 &1 l ,pet]1 we p]ceive t ,he is no
 respect] ( p]sons1 b t 9 e nation he t 
fe>e? ,him & worke? righte\sness is     
acceptable to ,him4  ,,*>les ,a4        

,,ea/man 7,,ohiyesa7     ,,cont5ts      
,i4 ,,! ,,great ,,my/]y          #a     
,,ii4 ,,! ,,family ,,alt>          #be  
,,iii4 ,,c]emonial ,,& ,,symbolic       
,,wor%ip  #ea     ,,iv4 ,,b>b>ism ,,&   
,,! ,,moral ,,code    #he      ,v4 ,,!  
,,unwritt5 ,,scriptures      #aag       
,,vi4 ,,on ,,! ,,bord]-,,l& ,,(         
,,spirits   #adg      ,i4 ,,! ,,great   
,,my/]y      ,solit>y ,wor%ip4 ,!       
,savage ,philosoph]4 ,! ,dual ,m9d4     
,spiritual ,gifts v]sus ,mat]ial        
,progress4 ,! ,p>adox (    8,*ri/ian    
,civilization40  ,! orig9al attitude ( !
 ,am]ican ,indian t[>d ! ,et]nal1 !     
8,great ,my/]y0 t surr\nds & embraces u1
 0 z simple z x 0 exalt$4 ,to him x 0 ! 
supreme conception1 br++ ) x ! fulle/   
measure ( joy & satisfaction possible 9 
?is life4  ,! wor%ip ( ! 8,great ,my/]y0
 0 sil5t1 solit>y1 free f all           
self-seek+4 ,x 0 sil5t1 because all     
spee* is ( necessity feeble & imp]fect2 
!re=e ! s\ls ( my ance/ors asc5d$ to    
,god 9 wordless adoration4 ,x 0 solit>y1

 because !y believ$ t ,he is ne>] to u 9
 solitude1 & !re 7 no prie/s au?oriz$ to
 come betwe5 a man & 8 ,mak]4 ,none     
might exhort or confess or 9 any way    
m$dle ) ! religi\s exp]i5ce ( ano!r4    
,among u all m5 7 creat$ sons ( ,god &  
/ood erect1 z consci\s ( _! div9ity4    
,our fai? might n be =mulat$ 9 cre$s1   
nor =c$ ^u any :o 7 unwill+ to receive  
x2 h5ce !re 0 no prea*+1 proselyt+1 nor 
p]secution1 nei!r 7 !re any sc(f]s or   
a!i/s4  ,!re 7 no temples or %r9es among
 u save ^? ( nature4 ,be+ a natural man1
 ! ,indian 0 int5sely poetical4 ,he w\ld
 deem x sacrilege to build a h\se = ,him
 :o may be met face to face 9 ! my/]i\s1
 %ad[y aisles ( ! primeval =e/1 or on ! 
sunlit bosom ( virg9 prairies1 ^u dizzy 
spires & p9nacles ( nak$ rock1 & yond] 9
 ! jewel$ vault ( ! night sky6 ,he :o   
enrobes ,himself 9 filmy veils ( cl\d1  
!re on ! rim ( ! visible _w :]e our     
,great-,gr&fa!r ,sun k9dles 8 ev5+      
camp-fire1 ,he :o rides ^u ! rigor\s w9d
 ( ! nor?1 or brea!s =? ,8 _s ^u        

aromatic s\!rn airs1 ^: w>-canoe is     
laun*$ ^u maje/ic riv]s & inl& seas--,he
 ne$s no less] ca!dral6  ,t solit>y     
communion ) ! ,unse5 :i* 0 ! highe/     
expression ( our religi\s life is p>tly 
describ$ 9 ! ^w bamb$ay1 lit]ally       
8my/]i\s feel+10 :i* has be5 v>i\sly    
translat$ 8fa/+0 & 8dream+40 ,x may     
bett] be int]pret$ z 8consci\sness ( !  
div9e40  ,! fir/ bamb$ay1 or religi\s   
retreat1 m>k$ an epo* 9 ! life ( ! y\?1 
:i* may be comp>$ to t ( confirmation or
 conv]sion 9 ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce4 ,hav+   
fir/ prep>$ himself by means ( ! purify+
 vapor-ba?1 & ca/ (f z f> z possible all
 human or fle%ly influ5ces1 ! "y man    
s\ght out ! noble/ height1 ! mo/ comm&+ 
summit 9 all ! surr\nd+ region4 ,kn[+ t 
,god sets no value ^u mat]ial ?+s1 he   
took ) him no (f]+s or sacrifices o!r   
?an symbolic objects1 su* z pa9ts &     
tobacco4 ,wi%+ to appe> be=e ,him 9 all 
humility1 he wore no clo?+ save 8       
moccas9s & bree*-cl\t4 ,at ! solemn h\r 
( sunrise or sunset he took up 8        

position1 ov]look+ ! glories ( e>? &    
fac+ ! 8,great ,my/]y10 & !re he rema9$1
 nak$1 erect1 sil5t1 & motionless1      
expos$ to ! elem5ts & =ces ( ,8 arm+1 = 
a night & a day to two days & nights1 b 
r>ely long]4 ,sometimes he w\ld *ant a  
hymn )\t words1 or (f] ! c]emonial      
8fill$ pipe40  ,9 ?is holy trance or    
ec/asy ! ,indian my/ic f\nd 8 highe/    
happ9ess & ! motive p[] ( 8 exi/5ce4    
,:5 he return$ to ! camp1 he mu/ rema9  
at a di/ance until he _h aga9 ent]$ !   
vapor-ba? & prep>$ himself = int]c\rse )
 8 fell[s4 ,( ! vision or sign v\*saf$  
to him he did n speak1 unless x _h      
includ$ "s commission :i* mu/ be        
publicly fulfill$4 ,sometimes an old    
man1 /&+ ^u ! br9k ( et]nity1 might     
reveal to a *os5 few ! oracle ( 8       
long-pa/ y\?4  ,! native ,am]ican has   
be5 g5]ally despis$ by 8 :ite conqu]ors 
= 8 pov]ty & simplicity4 ,!y =get1      
p]haps1 t 8 religion =bade !            
accumulation ( weal? & ! enjoym5t (     
luxury4 ,to him1 z to o!r s+le-m9d$ m5 9

 e age & race1 f ,diog5es to ! bro!rs ( 
,sa9t ,francis1 f ! ,montani/s to !     
,%ak]s1 ! love ( possessions has appe>$ 
a sn>e1 & ! burd5s ( a complex society a
 s\rce ( ne$less p]il & temptation4     
,fur!rmore1 x 0 ! rule ( 8 life to %>e !
 fruits ( 8 skill & success ) 8 less    
=tunate bro!rs4 ,?us he kept 8 _s free f
 ! clog ( pride1 cupidity1 or envy1 &   
c>ri$ out1 z he believ$1 ! div9e        
decree--a matt] pr(\ndly important to   
him4  ,x 0 n1 !n1 :olly f ignorance or  
improvid5ce t he fail$ to e/abli%       
p]man5t t[ns & to develop a mat]ial     
civilization4 ,to ! untutor$ sage1 !    
conc5tration ( population 0 ! prolific  
"m ( all evils1 moral no less ?an       
physical4 ,he argu$ t food is good1 :ile
 surfeit kills2 t love is good1 b lu/   
de/roys2 & n less dread$ ?an ! pe/il5ce 
foll[+ ^u cr[d$ & unsanit>y dwell+s 0 ! 
loss ( spiritual p[] insep>able f too   
close contact ) "o's fell[-m54 ,all :o h
 liv$ mu* out ( doors "k t !re is a     
magnetic & n]v\s =ce t accumulates 9    

solitude & t is quickly dissipat$ by    
life 9 a cr[d2 & ev5 8 enemies h        
recogniz$ ! fact t = a c]ta9 innate p[] 
& self-poise1 :olly indep5d5t (         
circum/ances1 ! ,am]ican ,indian is     
unsurpass$ among m54  ,! r$ man divid$  
m9d into two p>ts1--! spiritual m9d & ! 
physical m9d4 ,! fir/ is pure _s1       
conc]n$ only ) ! ess5ce ( ?+s1 & x 0 ?is
 he s\ght to /r5g!n by spiritual pray]1 
dur+ :i* ! body is subdu$ by fa/+ &     
h>d%ip4 ,9 ?is type ( pray] !re 0 no    
besee*+ ( favor or help4 ,all matt]s (  
p]sonal or selfi% conc]n1 z success 9   
hunt+ or w>f>e1 relief f sickness1 or ! 
sp>+ ( a belov$ life1 7 def9itely       
relegat$ to ! plane ( ! l[] or mat]ial  
m9d1 & all c]emonies1 *>ms1 or          
incantations design$ to secure a b5efit 
or to av]t a dang]1 7 recogniz$ z       
emanat+ f ! physical self4  ,! rites (  
?is physical wor%ip1 aga91 7 :olly      
symbolic1 & ! ,indian no m wor%ip$ !    
,sun ?an ! ,*ri/ian adores ! ,cross4 ,! 
,sun & ! ,e>?1 by an obvi\s p>able1     

hold+ sc>cely m ( poetic metaphor ?an ( 
sci5tific tru?1 7 9 8 view ! p>5ts ( all
 organic life4 ,f ! ,sun1 z ! univ]sal  
fa!r1 proce$s ! quick5+ pr9ciple 9      
nature1 & 9 ! pati5t & fruitful womb (  
our "m1 ! ,e>?1 are hidd5 embryos (     
plants & m54 ,!re=e our rev]5ce & love =
 !m 0 really an imag9ative ext5sion (   
our love = our imm$iate p>5ts1 & ) ?is  
s5tim5t ( filial piety 0 jo9$ a         
will+ness to appeal to !m1 z to a fa!r1 
= su* good gifts z we may desire4 ,?is  
is ! mat]ial or physical pray]4  ,!     
elem5ts & maje/ic =ces 9 nature1        
,lightn+1 ,w9d1 ,wat]1 ,fire1 & ,fro/1 7
 reg>d$ ) awe z spiritual p[]s1 b always
 second>y & int]m$iate 9 "*4 ,we believ$
 t ! _s p]vades all creation & t e      
creature possesses a s\l 9 "s degree1   
?\gh n necess>ily a s\l consci\s (      
itself4 ,! tree1 ! wat]fall1 ! grizzly  
be>1 ea* is an embodi$ ,=ce1 & z su* an 
object ( rev]5ce4  ,! ,indian lov$ to   
come into sympa?y & spiritual communion 
) 8 bro!rs ( ! animal k+dom1 ^:         

in>ticulate s\ls _h = him some?+ ( !    
s9less purity t we attribute to !       
innoc5t & irresponsible *ild4 ,he _h    
fai? 9 _! in/9cts1 z 9 a my/]i\s wisdom 
giv5 f above2 & :ile he humbly accept$ !
 suppos$ly volunt>y sacrifice ( _!      
bodies to pres]ve 8 own1 he paid homage 
to _! spirits 9 prescrib$ pray]s &      
(f]+s4  ,9 e religion !re is an elem5t (
 ! sup]natural1 v>y+ ) ! influ5ce ( pure
 reason ov] its devotees4 ,! ,indian 0 a
 logical & cle> ?9k] ^u matt]s )9 !     
scope ( 8 und]/&+1 b he _h n yet *>t$ ! 
va/ field ( nature or express$ h] wond]s
 9 t]ms ( sci5ce4 ,) 8 limit$ k ( cause 
& effect1 he saw miracles on e h&1--!   
miracle ( life 9 se$ & egg1 ! miracle ( 
dea? 9 lightn+ fla% & 9 ! swell+ deep6  
,no?+ ( ! m>vel\s c\ld a/oni% him2 z t a
 bea/ %\ld speak1 or ! sun /& /ill4 ,!  
virg9 bir? w\ld appe> sc>cely m         
miracul\s ?an is ! bir? ( e *ild t comes
 into ! _w1 or ! miracle ( ! loaves &   
fi%es excite m wond] ?an ! h>ve/ t spr+s
 f a s+le e> ( corn4  ,:o may condemn 8 

sup]/ition8 ,surely n ! dev\t ,ca?olic1 
or ev5 ,prote/ant mission>y1 :o tea*es  
,bible miracles z lit]al fact6 ,!       
logical man mu/ ei!r d5y all miracles or
 none1 & our ,am]ican ,indian my?s & h]o
 /ories are p]haps1 9 !mselves1 q z     
cr$ible z ^? ( ! ,hebrews ( old4 ,if we 
are ( ! mod]n type ( m9d1 t sees 9      
natural law a maje/y & gr&eur f> m      
impressive ?an any solit>y infraction ( 
x c\ld possibly be1 let u n =get t1 aft]
 all1 sci5ce has n expla9$ ev]y?+4 ,we h
 /ill to face ! ultimate miracle1--!    
orig9 & pr9ciple ( life6 ,"h is !       
supreme my/]y t is ! ess5ce ( wor%ip1   
)\t :i* !re c be no religion1 & 9 !     
pres5ce ( ?is my/]y our attitude _c be v
 unlike t ( ! natural philosoph]1 :o    
beholds ) awe ! ,div9e 9 all creation4  
,x is simple tru? t ! ,indian did n1 s  
long z 8 native philosophy held sway ov]
 8 m9d1 ei!r envy or desire to imitate !
 spl5did a*ievem5ts ( ! :ite man4 ,9 8  
own ?\ght he rose sup]ior to !m6 ,he    
scorn$ !m1 ev5 z a l(ty _s absorb$ 9 its

 /]n task rejects ! s(t b$s1 ! luxuri\s 
food1 ! pleasure-wor%ip+ dalliance ( a  
ri* neighbor4 ,x 0 cle> to him t virtue 
& happ9ess are indep5d5t ( ^! ?+s1 if n 
incompatible ) !m4  ,!re 0 und\bt$ly mu*
 9 primitive ,*ri/ianity to appeal to   
?is man1 & ,jesus' h>d say+s to ! ri* & 
ab\t ! ri* w\ld h be5 entirely          
compreh5sible to him4 ,yet ! religion t 
is prea*$ 9 our *ur*es & practic$ by our
 congregations1 ) its elem5t ( display &
 self-aggr&izem5t1 its active           
proselytism1 & its op5 contempt ( all   
religions b its own1 0 = a long "t      
extremely repell5t4 ,to 8 simple m9d1 ! 
pr(essionalism ( ! pulpit1 ! paid       
exhort]1 ! money$ *ur*1 0 an unspiritual
 & un$ify+ ?+1 & x 0 n until 8 _s 0     
brok5 & 8 moral & physical con/itution  
und]m9$ by trade1 conque/1 & /rong dr9k1
 t ,*ri/ian mission>ies obta9$ any real 
hold ^u him4 ,/range z x may seem1 x is 
true t ! pr\d pagan 9 8 secret s\l      
despis$ ! good m5 :o came to conv]t & to
 enlight5 him6  ,nor 7 its publicity &  

its ,ph>iseeism ! only elem5ts 9 ! ali5 
religion t (f5d$ ! r$ man4 ,to him1 x   
appe>$ %ock+ & almo/ incr$ible t !re 7  
among ?is p :o claim$ sup]iority _m     
irreligi\s1 :o did n ev5 pret5d to      
pr(ess ! national fai?4 ,n only did !y n
 pr(ess x1 b !y /oop$ s l[ z to insult  
_! ,god ) pr(ane & sacrilegi\s spee*6 ,9
 our own tongue ,8 "n 0 n spok5 al\d1   
ev5 ) utmo/ rev]5ce1 mu* less lightly or
 irrev]5tly4  ,m ?an ?is1 ev5 9 ^? :ite 
m5 :o pr(ess$ religion we f\nd mu*      
inconsi/5cy ( conduct4 ,!y spoke mu* (  
spiritual ?+s1 :ile seek+ only !        
mat]ial4 ,!y b\ght & sold ev]y?+3 "t1   
labor1 p]sonal indep5d5ce1 ! love (     
woman1 & ev5 ! m9i/rations ( _! holy    
fai?6 ,! lu/ = money1 p[]1 & conque/ s  
*>act]i/ic ( ! ,anglo-,saxon race did n 
escape moral condemnation at ! h&s ( 8  
untutor$ judge1 nor did he fail to      
contra/ ?is conspicu\s trait ( ! dom9ant
 race ) ! _s ( ! meek & l[ly ,jesus4    
,he might 9 "t come to recognize t !    
drunk>ds & lic5ti\s among :ite m51 ) :om

 he too frequ5tly came 9 contact1 7     
condemn$ by ! :ite man's religion z     
well1 & mu/ n be held to discr$it x4 ,b 
x 0 n s easy to ov]look or to excuse    
national bad fai?4 ,:5 di/+ui%$         
emiss>ies f ! ,fa!r at ,wa%+ton1 "s ( !m
 m9i/]s ( ! gospel & ev5 bi%ops1 came to
 ! ,indian nations1 & pl$g$ to !m 9     
solemn treaty ! national honor1 ) pray] 
& m5tion ( _! ,god2 & :5 su* treaties1 s
 made1 7 promptly & %amelessly brok51 is
 x /range t ! action %\ld ar\se n only  
ang]1 b contempt8 ,! hi/orians ( ! :ite 
race admit t ! ,indian 0 nev] ! fir/ to 
repudiate 8 oa?4  ,x is my p]sonal      
belief1 aft] ?irty-five ye>s' exp]i5ce (
 x1 t !re is no su* ?+ z 8,*ri/ian      
civilization40 ,i believe t ,*ri/ianity 
& mod]n civilization are oppos$ &       
irreconcilable1 & t ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity &
 ( our anci5t religion is ess5tially !  
same4     ,,ii4 ,,! ,,family ,,alt>     
,pre-natal ,influ5ce4 ,e>ly ,religi\s   
,tea*+4 ,!    ,function ( ! ,ag$4       
,woman1 ,m>riage & ! ,family4           

,loyalty1 ,hospitality1 ,fri5d%ip4  ,!  
,am]ican ,indian 0 an individuali/ 9    
religion z 9 w>4 ,he _h nei!r a national
 army nor an organiz$ *ur*4 ,!re 0 no   
prie/ to assume responsibility = ano!r's
 s\l4 ,t is1 we believ$1 ! supreme duty 
( ! p>5t1 :o only 0 p]mitt$ to claim 9  
"s degree ! prie/ly (fice & function1   
s9ce x is 8 creative & protect+ p[] :i* 
alone approa*es ! solemn function (     
,deity4  ,! ,indian 0 a religi\s man f 8
 "m's womb4 ,f ! mom5t ( h] recognition 
( ! fact ( conception to ! end ( !      
second ye> ( life1 :i* 0 ! ord9>y       
duration ( lactation1 x 0 suppos$ by u t
 ! "m's spiritual influ5ce c\nt$ = mo/4 
,h] attitude & secret m$itations mu/ be 
su* z to in/ill into ! receptive s\l ( !
 unborn *ild ! love ( ! 8,great ,my/]y0 
& a s5se ( bro!rhood ) all creation4    
,sil5ce & isolation are ! rule ( life = 
! expectant "m4 ,%e w&]s pray]ful 9 !   
/illness ( great woods1 or on ! bosom ( 
! untrodd5 prairie1 & to h] poetic m9d !
 imman5t bir? ( h] *ild prefigures !    

adv5t ( a ma/]-man--a h]o1 or ! "m (    
h]oes--a ?\ght conceiv$ 9 ! virg9 brea/ 
( primeval nature1 & dream$ out 9 a hu% 
t is only brok5 by ! sigh+ ( ! p9e tree 
or ! ?rill+ or*e/ra ( a di/ant wat]fall4
  ,& :5 ! day ( days 9 h] life dawns--! 
day 9 :i* !re is to be a new life1 !    
miracle ( ^: mak+ has be5 intru/$ to h]1
 %e seeks no human aid4 ,%e has be5     
tra9$ & prep>$ 9 body & m9d = ?is h]    
holie/ duty1 ev] s9ce %e c rememb]4 ,!  
ordeal is be/ met alone1 :]e no curi\s  
or pity+ eyes emb>rass h]2 :]e all      
nature says to h] _s3 8#8,tis love6     
#8tis love6 ! fulfill+ ( life60 ,:5 a   
sacr$ voice comes to h] out ( ! sil5ce1 
& a pair ( eyes op5 ^u h] 9 ! wild]ness1
 %e kn[s ) joy t %e has borne well h] "p
 9 ! great song ( creation6  ,pres5tly  
%e returns to ! camp1 c>ry+ ! my/]i\s1 !
 holy1 ! de>e/ bundle6 ,%e feels !      
ende>+ w>m? ( x & he>s its s(t brea?+4  
,x is /ill a "p ( h]self1 s9ce bo? are  
n\ri%$ by ! same m\?ful1 & no look ( a  
lov] c\ld be sweet] ?an its deep1 tru/+ 

gaze4  ,%e cont9ues h] spiritual tea*+1 
at fir/ sil5tly--a m]e po9t+ ( ! index  
f+] to nature2 !n 9 :isp]$ songs1       
bird-l1 at morn+ & ev5+4 ,to h] & to !  
*ild ! birds are real p1 :o live v close
 to ! 8,great ,my/]y02 ! murmur+ trees  
brea! ,8 pres5ce2 ! fall+ wat]s *ant ,8 
praise4  ,if ! *ild %\ld *ance to be    
fretful1 ! "m raises h] h&4 8,hu%6 hu%60
 %e cautions x t5d]ly1 8! spirits may be
 di/urb$60  ,%e bids x be /ill &        
li/5--li/5 to ! silv] voice ( ! asp51 or
 ! cla%+ cymbals ( ! bir*2 & at night %e
 po9ts to ! heav5ly1 blaz$ trail1 ?r\gh 
nature's galaxy ( spl5dor to nature's   
,god4 ,sil5ce1 love1 rev]5ce1--?is is ! 
tr9ity ( fir/ lessons2 & to ^! %e lat]  
adds g5]osity1 c\rage1 & *a/ity4  ,9 !  
old days1 our mo!rs 7 s+le-ey$ to ! tru/
 impos$ ^u !m2 & z a not$ *ief ( our p 0
 wont to say3 8,m5 may slay "o ano!r1 b 
!y c nev] ov]come ! woman1 = 9 !        
quietude ( h] lap lies ! *ild6 ,y may   
de/roy him once & aga91 b he issues z   
(t5 f t same g5tle lap--a gift ( !      

,great ,good to ! race1 9 :i* man is    
only an accomplice60  ,?is wild "m has n
 only ! exp]i5ce ( h] "m & gr&mo!r1 & ! 
accept$ rules ( h] p = a guide1 b %e    
humbly seeks to le>n a lesson f ants1   
bees1 spid]s1 beav]s1 & badg]s4 ,%e     
/udies ! family life ( ! birds1 s       
exquisite 9 its emotional int5sity & its
 pati5t devotion1 until %e seems to feel
 ! univ]sal "m-he>t beat+ 9 h] own      
brea/4 ,9 due "t ! *ild takes ( 8 own   
accord ! attitude ( pray]1 & speaks     
rev]5tly ( ! ,p[]s4 ,he ?9ks t he is a  
blood bro!r to all liv+ creatures1 & !  
/orm w9d is to him a mess5g] ( ! 8,great
 ,my/]y40  ,at ! age ( ab\t eight ye>s1 
if he is a boy1 %e turns him ov] to 8   
fa!r = m ,sp>tan tra9+4 ,if a girl1 %e  
is f ?is "t mu* "u ! gu>dian%ip ( h]    
gr&mo!r1 :o is consid]$ ! mo/ dignifi$  
protector = ! maid54 ,inde$1 ! di/9ctive
 "w ( bo? gr&p>5ts is t ( acqua9t+ ! y\?
 ) ! national traditions & beliefs4 ,x  
is res]v$ = !m to repeat ! "t-hall[$    
tales ) dignity & au?ority1 s z to lead 

him into 8 inh]itance 9 ! /or$-up wisdom
 & exp]i5ce ( ! race4 ,! old are d$icat$
 to ! s]vice ( ! "y1 z _! tea*]s &      
advis]s1 & ! "y 9 turn reg>d !m ) love &
 rev]5ce4  ,our old age 0 9 "s respects 
! happie/ p]iod ( life4 ,advanc+ ye>s   
br\ght ) !m mu* fre$om1 n only f ! burd5
 ( labori\s & dang]\s tasks1 b f ^?     
re/rictions ( cu/om & etiquette :i* 7   
religi\sly obs]v$ by all o!rs4 ,no "o :o
 is at all acqua9t$ ) ! ,indian 9 8 home
 c d5y t we are a polite p4 ,z a rule1 !
 w>rior :o inspir$ ! greate/ t]ror 9 !  
he>ts ( 8 enemies 0 a man ( ! mo/       
exempl>y g5tl5ess1 & almo/ fem99e       
ref9em5t1 among 8 family & fri5ds4 ,a   
s(t1 l[ voice 0 consid]$ an excell5t ?+ 
9 man1 z well z 9 woman6 ,inde$1 ! en=c$
 intimacy ( t5t life w\ld soon become   
intol]able1 7 x n = ^! in/9ctive res]ves
 & delicacies1 ?is unfail+ respect = !  
e/abli%$ place & possessions ( e o!r    
memb] ( ! family circle1 ?is habitual   
quiet1 ord]1 & decorum4  ,our p1 ?\gh   
capable ( /rong & durable feel+1 7 n    

demon/rative 9 _! affection at any "t1  
lea/ ( all 9 ! pres5ce ( gue/s or       
/rang]s4 ,only to ! ag$1 :o h j\rney$   
f>1 & are 9 a mann] exempt f ord9>y     
rules1 are p]mitt$ "s playful           
famili>ities ) *ildr5 & gr&*ildr51 "s   
pla9 speak+1 ev5 to h>%ness &           
objurgation1 f :i* ! o!rs mu/ rigidly   
refra94 ,9 %ort1 ! old m5 & wom5 are    
privileg$ to say :at !y please & h[ !y  
please1 )\t contradiction1 :ile !       
h>d%ips & bodily infirmities t (        
necessity fall to _! lot are s(t5$ s f> 
z may be by univ]sal consid]ation &     
att5tion4  ,!re 0 no religi\s c]emony   
connect$ ) m>riage among u1 :ile on !   
o!r h& ! relation betwe5 man & woman 0  
reg>d$ z 9 itself my/]i\s & holy4 ,x    
appe>s t :]e m>riage is solemniz$ by !  
*ur* & bless$ by ! prie/1 x may at !    
same "t be surr\nd$ ) cu/oms & ideas ( a
 frivol\s1 sup]ficial1 & ev5 pruri5t "*4
 ,we believ$ t two :o love %\ld be unit$
 9 secret1 be=e ! public ackn[l$gm5t (  
_! union1 & %\ld ta/e _! apo!osis alone 

) nature4 ,! betro?al might or might n  
be discuss$ & approv$ by ! p>5ts1 b 9   
ei!r case x 0 cu/om>y = ! "y pair to    
disappe> into ! wild]ness1 !re to pass  
"s days or weeks 9 p]fect seclusion &   
dual solitude1 aft]w>d return+ to !     
village z man & wife4 ,an ex*ange (     
pres5ts & ent]ta9m5ts betwe5 ! two      
families usually foll[$1 b ! nuptial    
bless+ 0 giv5 by ! ,high ,prie/ ( ,god1 
! mo/ rev]5d & holy ,nature4  ,! family 
0 n only ! social unit1 b also ! unit ( 
gov]nm5t4 ,! clan is no?+ m ?an a l>g]  
family1 ) its patri>*al *ief z ! natural
 head1 & ! union ( sev]al clans by      
int]m>riage & volunt>y connection       
con/itutes ! tribe4 ,! v "n ( our tribe1
 ,dakota1 means ,alli$ ,p4 ,! remot]    
degrees ( k9%ip 7 fully recogniz$1 & t n
 z a matt] ( =m only3 fir/ c\s9s 7 kn[n 
z bro!rs & si/]s2 ! "n ( 8c\s90         
con/itut$ a b9d+ claim1 & our rigid     
morality =bade m>riage betwe5 c\s9s 9   
any kn[n degree1 or 9 o!r words )9 !    
clan4  ,! h\sehold prop] consi/$ ( a man

 ) "o or m wives & _! *ildr51 all ( :om 
dwelt amicably toge!r1 (t5 "u "o ro(1   
al?\gh "s m5 ( rank & position provid$ a
 sep>ate lodge = ea* wife4 ,!re 71      
inde$1 few plural m>riages except among 
! old] & lead+ m51 & plural wives 7     
usually1 ?\gh n necess>ily1 si/]s4 ,a   
m>riage might honorably be dissolv$ =   
cause1 b !re 0 v little infidelity or   
immorality1 ei!r op5 or secret4  ,x has 
be5 said t ! position ( woman is ! te/ (
 civilization1 & t ( our wom5 0 secure4 
,9 !m 0 ve/$ our /&>d ( morals & !      
purity ( our blood4 ,! wife did n take !
 "n ( h] husb& nor ent] 8 clan1 & !     
*ildr5 belong$ to ! clan ( ! "m4 ,all ( 
! family prop]ty 0 held by h]1 desc5t 0 
trac$ 9 ! mat]nal l9e1 & ! honor ( !    
h\se 0 9 h] h&s4 ,mode/y 0 h] *ief      
adornm5t2 h5ce ! y\ng] wom5 7 usually   
sil5t & retir+3 b a woman :o _h atta9$  
to rip5ess ( ye>s & wisdom1 or :o _h    
display$ notable c\rage 9 "s em]g5cy1 0 
sometimes invit$ to a seat 9 ! c\ncil4  
,?us %e rul$ undisput$ )9 h] own doma91 

& 0 to u a t[] ( moral & spiritual      
/r5g?1 until ! com+ ( ! bord] :ite man1 
! soldi] & trad]1 :o ) /rong dr9k       
ov]?rew ! honor ( ! man1 & ?r\gh 8 p[]  
ov] a wor?less husb& pur*as$ ! virtue ( 
8 wife or 8 daught]4 ,:5 %e fell1 ! :ole
 race fell ) h]4  ,be=e ?is calamity    
came ^u u1 y c\ld n f9d any:]e a happi] 
home ?an t creat$ by ! ,indian woman4   
,!re 0 no?+ ( ! artificial ab\t h]      
p]son1 & v little dis+5u\sness 9 h] "*4 
,h] e>ly & consi/5t tra9+1 ! def9it5ess 
( h] vocation1 &1 above all1 h] pr(\ndly
 religi\s attitude gave h] a /r5g? &    
poise t c\ld n be ov]come by any ord9>y 
mis=tune4  ,indian names 7 ei!r         
*>act]i/ic nicknames giv5 9 a playful   
_s1 de$ names1 bir? names1 or su* z h a 
religi\s & symbolic mean+4 ,x has be5   
said t :5 a *ild is born1 "s accid5t or 
unusual appe>ance det]m9es 8 "n4 ,?is is
 sometimes ! case1 b is n ! rule4 ,a man
 ( =cible "*1 ) a f9e w> record1 usually
 be>s ! "n ( ! buffalo or be>1 lightn+  
or "s dread natural =ce4 ,ano!r ( m     

peaceful nature may be call$ ,swift     
,bird or ,blue ,sky4 ,a woman's "n      
usually sugge/$ some?+ ab\t ! home1 (t5 
) ! adjective 8pretty0 or 8good10 & a   
fem99e t]m9ation4 ,names ( any dignity  
or importance mu/ be conf]r$ by ! old   
m51 & especially s if !y h any spiritual
 significance2 z ,sacr$ ,cl\d1 ,my/]i\s 
,night1 ,_s ,woman1 & ! l4 ,su* a "n 0  
sometimes borne by ?ree g5]ations1 b ea*
 individual mu/ prove t he is wor?y ( x4
  ,9 ! life ( ! ,indian !re 0 only "o   
inevitable duty1--! duty ( pray]--!     
daily recognition ( ! ,unse5 & ,et]nal4 
,8 daily devotions 7 m necess>y to him  
?an daily food4 ,he wakes at daybreak1  
puts on 8 moccas9s & /eps d[n to !      
wat]'s edge4 ,"h he ?r[s h&fuls ( cle>1 
cold wat] into 8 face1 or plunges 9     
bodily4 ,aft] ! ba?1 he /&s erect be=e !
 advanc+ dawn1 fac+ ! sun z x dances ^u 
! horizon1 & (f]s 8 unspok5 orison4 ,8  
mate may prec$e or foll[ him 9 8        
devotions1 b nev] accompanies him4 ,ea* 
s\l mu/ meet ! morn+ sun1 ! new1 sweet  

e>?1 & ! ,great ,sil5ce alone6  ,:5ev]1 
9 ! c\rse ( ! daily hunt1 ! r$ hunt]    
comes ^u a sc5e t is /rik+ly beautiful  
or sublime--a black ?und]cl\d ) !       
ra9b['s gl[+ ar* above ! m\nta92 a :ite 
wat]fall 9 ! he>t ( a gre5 gorge2 a va/ 
prairie t+$ ) ! blood-r$ ( sunset--he   
pauses = an in/ant 9 ! attitude (       
wor%ip4 ,he sees no ne$ = sett+ ap>t "o 
day 9 sev5 z a holy day1 s9ce to him all
 days are ,god's4  ,e act ( 8 life is1 9
 a v real s5se1 a religi\s act4 ,he     
recognizes ! _s 9 all creation1 &       
believes t he draws f x spiritual p[]4  
,8 respect = ! immortal "p ( ! animal1 8
 bro!r1 (t5 leads him s f> z to lay out 
! body ( 8 game 9 /ate & decorate ! head
 ) symbolic pa9t or fea!rs4 ,!n he /&s  
be=e x 9 ! pray] attitude1 hold+ up !   
fill$ pipe1 9 tok5 t he has fre$ ) honor
 ! _s ( 8 bro!r1 ^: body 8 ne$ compell$ 
him to take to su/a9 8 own life4  ,:5   
food is tak51 ! woman murmurs a 8grace0 
z %e l[]s ! kettle2 an act s s(tly &    
unobtrusively p]=m$ t "o :o does n "k ! 

cu/om usually fails to cat* ! :isp]3    
8,_s1 p>take60 ,z h] husb& receives !   
b[l or plate1 he likewise murmurs 8     
invocation to ! _s4 ,:5 he becomes an   
old man1 he loves to make a notable ef=t
 to prove 8 gratitude4 ,he cuts (f !    
*oice/ morsel ( ! meat & ca/s x into !  
fire--! pure/ & mo/ e!real elem5t4  ,!  
hospitality ( ! wigwam is only limit$ by
 ! in/itution ( w>4 ,yet1 if an enemy   
%\ld honor u ) a call1 8 tru/ w n be    
misplac$1 & he w g away conv9c$ t he has
 met ) a royal ho/6 ,our honor is !     
gu>antee = 8 safety1 s long z he is )9 !
 camp4  ,fri5d%ip is held to be ! sev]e/
 te/ ( "*4 ,x is easy1 we ?9k1 to be    
loyal to family & clan1 ^: blood is 9   
our own ve9s4 ,love betwe5 man & woman  
is f\nd$ on ! mat+ in/9ct & is n free f 
desire & self-seek+4 ,b to h a fri5d1 & 
to be true "u any & all trials1 is ! m>k
 ( a man6  ,! highe/ type ( fri5d%ip is 
! relation ( 8bro!r-fri5d0 or           
8life-&-dea? fri5d40 ,?is bond is betwe5
 man & man1 is usually =m$ 9 e>ly y\?1 &

 c only be brok5 by dea?4 ,x is ! ess5ce
 ( comrade%ip & frat]nal love1 )\t ?\ght
 ( pleasure or ga91 b r = moral support 
& inspiration4 ,ea* is v[$ to die = !   
o!r1 if ne$ be1 & no?+ is d5i$ !        
bro!r-fri5d1 b nei!r is any?+ requir$ t 
is n 9 accord ) ! highe/ conceptions ( !
 ,indian m9d4     ,,iii4 ,,c]emonial ,,&
 ,,symbolic ,,wor%ip     ,mod]n         
,p]v]sions ( ,e>ly ,religi\s ,rites4 ,! 
,sun ,dance4    ,! ,great ,m$ic9e       
,lodge4 ,totems & ,*>ms4 ,! ,vapor-,ba? 
& ! ,c]emonial ( ! ,pipe4  ,! public    
religi\s rites ( ! ,pla9s ,indians are  
few1 & 9 l>ge "p ( mod]n orig91 belong+ 
prop]ly to ! s-call$ 8transition p]iod40
 ,t p]iod mu/ be held to beg9 ) ! fir/  
insidi\s effect ^u _! mann]s & cu/oms ( 
contact ) ! dom9ant race1 & _m ( !      
tribes 7 s influ5c$ long be=e !y ceas$  
to lead ! nomadic life4  ,! fur-trad]s1 
! 8,black ,robe0 prie/s1 ! milit>y1 &   
f9ally ! ,prote/ant mission>ies1 7 ! m5 
:o began ! dis9tegration ( ! ,indian    
nations & ! ov]?r[ ( _! religion1       

sev5ty-five to a hundr$ ye>s be=e !y 7  
=c$ to ent] ^u res]vation life4 ,we h no
 au!ntic /udy ( !m until well along 9 ! 
transition p]iod1 :5 :iskey & trade _h  
already debau*$ _! native ideals4  ,dur+
 ! era ( recon/ruction !y modifi$ _!    
cu/oms & beliefs cont9ually1 creat+ a   
s+ul> admixture ( ,*ri/ian ) pagan      
sup]/itions1 & an addition to ! old     
folk-lore ( disguis$ ,bible /ories "u an
 ,indian aspect4 ,ev5 _! music %[s !    
influ5ce ( ! ,ca?olic *ants4 ,mo/ ( !   
mat]ial collect$ by mod]n obs]v]s is    
necess>ily ( ?is promiscu\s "*4  ,x is  
notewor?y t ! fir/ effect ( contact ) ! 
:ites 0 an increase ( cruelty & b>b>ity1
 an int5sify+ ( ! d>k %ad[s 9 ! picture6
 ,9 ?is mann] ! 8,sun ,dance0 ( ! ,pla9s
 ,indians1 ! mo/ important ( _! public  
c]emonials1 0 abus$ & p]v]t$ until x    
became a horrible exhibition ( b>b>ism1 
& 0 ev5tually prohibit$ by ! ,gov]nm5t4 
,9 ! old days1 :5 a ,si\x w>rior f\nd   
himself 9 ! v jaws ( de/ruction1 he     
might (f] a pray] to 8 fa!r1 ! ,sun1 to 

prolong 8 life4 ,if rescu$ f imm95t     
dang]1 he mu/ ackn[l$ge ! div9e favor by
 mak+ a ,sun ,dance1 accord+ to ! v[    
embrac$ 9 8 pray]1 9 :i* he decl>$ t he 
did n fe> torture or dea?1 b ask$ life  
only = ! sake ( ^? :o lov$ him4 ,?us !  
physical ordeal 0 ! fulfillm5t ( a v[1 &
 a sort ( atonem5t = :at might o!rwise  
appe> to be repreh5sible weakness 9 !   
face ( dea?4 ,x 0 9 ! nature (          
confession & ?ank-(f]+ to ! 8,great     
,my/]y10 ?r\gh ! physical p>5t1 ! ,sun1 
& did n embrace a pray] = future favors4
  ,! c]emonies usually took place f six 
mon?s to a ye> aft] ! mak+ ( ! v[1 9    
ord] to admit ( suitable prep>ation2    
always 9 midsumm] & be=e a l>ge & impos+
 ga!r+4 ,!y naturally includ$ ! mak+ ( a
 fea/1 & ! giv+ away ( mu* savage weal? 
9 honor ( ! occasion1 al?\gh ^! 7 no    
ess5tial "p ( ! religi\s rite4  ,:5 !   
day came to procure ! pole1 x 0 br\ght 9
 by a p>ty ( w>riors1 head$ by "s man ( 
di/9ction4 ,! tree select$ 0 six to     
eight in*es 9 diamet] at ! base1 & tw5ty

 to tw5ty-five feet high4 ,x 0 *os5 &   
fell$ ) "s solemnity1 includ+ ! c]emony 
( ! 8fill$ pipe10 & 0 c>ri$ 9 ! fa%ion (
 a litt]1 symboliz+ ! body ( ! man :o   
made ! dance4 ,a solit>y teepee 0 pit*$ 
on a level spot at "s di/ance f !       
village1 & ! pole rais$ ne> at h& ) !   
same c]emony1 9 ! c5tre ( a circul>     
enclosure ( fre%-cut b\ghs4  ,mean:ile1 
"o ( ! mo/ not$ ( our old m5 _h c>v$ out
 ( ra:ide1 or lat] ( wood1 two figures1 
usually ^? ( a man & a buffalo4         
,sometimes ! figure ( a bird1 suppos$ to
 repres5t ! ,?und]1 0 sub/itut$ = !     
buffalo4 ,x 0 cu/om>y to pa9t ! man r$ &
 ! animal black1 & ea* 0 susp5d$ f "o   
end ( ! crossb> :i* 0 securely ti$ "s   
two feet f ! top ( ! pole4 ,i h nev] be5
 able to det]m9e t ?is cross _h any     
significance2 x 0 probably no?+ m ?an a 
dramatic co9cid5ce t surm\nt$ !         
,sun-,dance pole ) ! symbol (           
,*ri/ianity4  ,! pa9t indicat$ t ! man  
:o 0 ab\t to give ?anks publicly _h be5 
pot5tially dead1 b 0 all[$ to live by ! 

my/]i\s favor & int]f]5ce ( ! ,giv] (   
,life4 ,! buffalo hung opposite ! image 
( 8 own body 9 dea?1 because x 0 !      
support ( 8 physical self1 & a lead+    
figure 9 leg5d>y lore4 ,foll[+ ! same   
l9e ( ?\ght1 :5 he em]g$ f ! solit>y    
lodge ( prep>ation1 & approa*$ ! pole to
 dance1 nude save = 8 bree*cl\t &       
moccas9s1 8 hair loos5$ & daub$ ) clay1 
he mu/ drag aft] him a buffalo skull1   
repres5t+ ! grave f :i* he _h escap$4   
,! danc] 0 cut or sc>ifi$ on ! *e/1     
suffici5t to draw blood & cause pa91 !  
natural accompanim5ts ( 8 figurative    
dea?4 ,he took 8 position opposite !    
s+]s1 fac+ ! pole1 & dragg+ ! skull by  
lea!r ?ongs :i* 7 m]ely fa/5$ ab\t 8    
%\ld]s4 ,dur+ a lat] p]iod1 incisions 7 
made 9 ! brea/ or back1 sometimes bo?1  
?r\gh :i* wood5 skew]s 7 drawn1 & secur$
 by l>iats to ! pole or to ! skulls4    
,?us he danc$ )\t int]mission = a day & 
a night1 or ev5 long]1 ev] gaz+ at ! sun
 9 ! daytime1 & bl[+ f "t to "t a sacr$ 
:i/le made f ! bone ( a goose's w+4  ,9 

rec5t times1 ?is rite 0 exagg]at$ &     
di/ort$ into a m]e gha/ly display (     
physical /r5g? & endurance "u torture1  
almo/ on a level ) ! ,caucasian         
in/itution ( ! bull-fight1 or ! yet m   
mod]n prize-r+4 ,moreov]1 in/ead ( an   
atonem5t or ?ank-(f]+1 x became !       
accompanim5t ( a pray] = success 9 w>1  
or 9 a raid ^u ! horses ( ! enemy4 ,!   
numb] ( danc]s 0 increas$1 & !y 7 made  
to hang susp5d$ f ! pole by _! own fle%1
 :i* !y mu/ break loose be=e be+        
releas$4 ,i well rememb] ! comm5ts 9 our
 own home ^u ! pass+ ( ?is simple b     
impressive c]emony1 & its loss ( all    
mean+ & propriety "u ! demoraliz+       
additions :i* 7 "s ( ! fruits ( e>ly    
contact ) ! :ite man4  ,p]haps ! mo/    
rem>kable organization ev] kn[n among   
,am]ican ,indians1 t ( ! 8,gr& ,m$ic9e  
,lodge10 0 app>5tly an indirect result (
 ! labors ( ! e>ly ,jesuit mission>ies4 
,9 x ,caucasian ideas are easily        
recognizable1 & x seems reasonable to   
suppose t its f\nd]s desir$ to e/abli%  

an ord] t w\ld successfully resi/ !     
encroa*m5ts ( ! 8,black ,robes40 ,h[ev] 
t may be1 x is an unque/ionable fact t !
 only religi\s lead]s ( any note :o h   
aris5 among ! native tribes s9ce ! adv5t
 ( ! :ite man1 ! 8,%awnee ,prophet0 9   
#agfb1 & ! half-bre$ prophet ( ! 8,gho/ 
,dance0 9 #ahij1 bo? f\nd$ _! claims or 
prophecies ^u ! ,gospel /ory4 ,?us 9 ea*
 case an ,indian religi\s revival or    
craze1 ?\gh m or less ?reat5+ to !      
invad]1 0 ( di/9ctively ali5 orig94  ,! 
,m$ic9e ,lodge orig9at$ among !         
,algonqu9 tribe1 & ext5d$ gradually     
?r\gh\t its bran*es1 f9ally affect+ !   
,si\x ( ! ,mississippi ,valley1 & =m+ a 
/rong bulw>k aga9/ ! "w ( ! pione]      
mission>ies1 :o secur$1 inde$1 sc>cely  
any conv]ts until aft] ! outbreak (     
#ahfb1 :5 subjection1 />vation1 &       
imprisonm5t turn$ our brok5-he>t$ p to  
accept ,*ri/ianity1 :i* seem$ to (f] !m 
! only gleam ( k9dness or hope4  ,! ord]
 0 a secret "o1 & 9 "s respects n unlike
 ! ,free ,masons1 be+ a union or        

affiliation ( a numb] ( lodges1 ea* )   
its di/9ctive songs & m$ic9es4 ,lead]%ip
 0 9 ord] ( s5iority 9 degrees1 :i* c\ld
 only be obta9$ by m]it1 & wom5 7       
admitt$ to memb]%ip ^u equal t]ms1 ) !  
possibility ( atta9+ to ! highe/ honors4
 ,no p]son might become a memb] unless 8
 moral /&+ 0 excell5t1 all c&idates     
rema9$ on probation = "o or two ye>s1 & 
murd]]s & adult]]s 7 expell$4 ,!        
comm&m5ts promulgat$ by ?is ord] 7      
ess5tially ! same z ! ,mosaic ,t51 s t x
 ex]t$ a di/9ct moral influ5ce1 9       
addition to its o/5sible object1 :i* 0  
in/ruction 9 ! secrets ( legitimate     
m$ic9e4  ,9 ?is society ! uses ( all    
curative roots & h]bs kn[n to u 7 taught
 exhau/ively & practic$ ma9ly by ! old1 
! y\ng] memb]s be+ 9 tra9+ to fill !    
places ( ^? :o pass$ away4 ,my gr&mo!r 0
 a well-kn[n & successful practition]1 &
 bo? my "m & fa!r 7 memb]s1 b did n     
practice4  ,a m$ic9e or 8my/]y fea/0 0 n
 a public affair1 z memb]s only 7       
eligible1 & ^u ^! occasions all !       

8m$ic9e bags0 & totems ( ! v>i\s lodges 
7 display$ & _! peculi> 8m$ic9e songs0 7
 sung4 ,! food 0 only p>tak5 ( by invit$
 gue/s1 & n by ! ho/s1 or lodge mak+ !  
fea/4 ,! 8,gr& ,m$ic9e ,dance0 0 giv5 on
 ! occasion ( initiat+ ^? c&idates :o _h
 f9i%$ _! probation1 a suffici5t numb] (
 :om 7 designat$ to take ! places ( ^?  
:o _h di$ s9ce ! la/ meet+4 ,invitations
 7 s5t out 9 ! =m ( small bundles (     
tobacco4 ,two v l>ge teepees 7 pit*$    
fac+ "o ano!r1 a hundr$ feet ap>t1 half 
op51 & connect$ by a ro(less hall or    
colonnade ( fre%-cut b\ghs4 ,"o ( ^!    
lodges 0 = ! society giv+ ! dance & !   
novices1 ! o!r 0 occupi$ by ! 8soldi]s10
 ^: duty x 0 to di/ribute ! refre%m5ts1 
& to keep ord] among ! spectators4 ,!y 7
 select$ f among ! be/ & brave/ w>riors 
( ! tribe4  ,! prep>ations be+ complete1
 & ! memb]s ( ea* lodge g>b$ & pa9t$    
accord+ to _! rituals1 !y ent]$ ! hall  
sep>ately1 9 s+le file1 l$ by _! olde/  
man or 8,great ,*ief40  ,/&+ be=e !     
8,soldi]s' ,lodge10 fac+ ! sett+ sun1 _!

 *ief address$ ! 8,great ,my/]y0        
directly 9 a few words1 aft] :i* all    
ext5d+ ! "r arm horizontally f ! %\ld] )
 op5 palm1 sang a %ort invocation 9     
unison1 end+ ) a deep3 8,e-ho-ho-ho60   
,?is p]=mance1 :i* 0 really impressive1 
0 repeat$ 9 front ( ! headqu>t]s lodge1 
fac+ ! ris+ sun1 aft] :i* ea* lodge took
 its assign$ place1 & ! songs & dances  
foll[$ 9 regul> ord]4  ,! clos+ c]emony1
 :i* 0 int5sely dramatic 9 its "*1 0 !  
initiation ( ! novices1 :o _h receiv$ _!
 f9al prep>ation on ! night be=e4 ,!y 7 
n[ l$ out 9 front ( ! headqu>t]s lodge &
 plac$ 9 a kneel+ position ^u a c>pet ( 
ri* robes & furs1 ! m5 ^u ! "r h&1      
/ripp$ & pa9t$ black1 ) a r\nd spot ( r$
 j ov] ! he>t1 :ile ! wom51 dress$ 9 _! 
be/1 7 arrang$ ^u ! left4 ,bo? sexes    
wore ! hair loose1 z if 9 m\rn+ or      
expectation ( dea?4 ,an equal numb] (   
gr& m$ic9e-m51 ea* ( :om 0 especially   
appo9t$ to "o ( ! novices1 fac$ !m at a 
di/ance ( half ! l5g? ( ! hall1 or      
p]haps fifty feet4  ,aft] sil5t pray]1  

ea* m$ic9e-man 9 turn address$ himself  
to 8 *>ge1 exhort+ him to obs]ve all !  
rules ( ! ord] "u ! eye ( ! ,my/]i\s    
,"o1 & in/ruct+ him 9 8 duty t[>d 8     
fell[-man & t[>d ! ,rul] ( ,life4 ,all  
!n assum$ an attitude ( sup]b p[] &     
dignity1 cr\*+ slightly z if ab\t to    
spr+ =w>d 9 a foot-race1 & grasp+ _!    
m$ic9e bags firmly 9 bo? h&s4 ,sw++ _!  
arms =w>d at ! same mom5t1 !y utt]$ _!  
guttural 8,yo-ho-ho-ho60 9 p]fect unison
 & ) />tl+ effect4 ,9 ! mid/ ( a        
brea?less sil5ce1 !y took a /ep =w>d1 !n
 ano!r & ano!r1 end+ a rod or s f ! r[ (
 kneel+ victims1 ) a mighty sw+ ( !     
sacr$ bags t w\ld seem to project all _!
 my/ic p[] into ! bodies ( ! initiates4 
,in/antly !y all fell =w>d1 app>5tly    
lifeless4  ,) ?is ?rill+ climax1 ! drums
 7 vigor\sly p\nd$ & ! dance began aga9 
) en]gy4 ,aft] a few turns _h be5 tak5  
ab\t ! pro/rate bodies ( ! new memb]s1  
cov]+ !m ) f9e robes & o!r g>m5ts :i* 7 
lat] to be di/ribut$ z gifts1 !y 7      
p]mitt$ to come to life & to jo9 9 !    

f9al dance4 ,! :ole p]=mance 0 cle>ly   
symbolic ( dea? & resurrection4  ,:ile  
,i _c suppose t ?is elaborate ritual1 ) 
its use ( public & audible pray]1 (     
public exhortation or s]mon1 & o!r      
,caucasian features1 0 practic$ be=e    
comp>atively mod]n times1 !re is no d\bt
 t x 0 consci5ti\sly believ$ 9 by its   
memb]s1 & = a "t reg>d$ ) rev]5ce by !  
p4 ,b at a lat] p]iod x became /ill     
fur!r demoraliz$ & fell "u suspicion (  
wit*craft4  ,!re is no d\bt t ! ,indian 
held m$ic9e close to spiritual ?+s1 b 9 
?is also he has be5 mu* misund]/ood2 9  
fact ev]y?+ t he held sacr$ is          
indiscrim9ately call$ 8m$ic9e10 9 ! s5se
 ( my/]y or magic4 ,z a doctor he 0     
orig9ally v adroit & (t5 successful4 ,he
 employ$ only heal+ b>k1 roots1 & leaves
 ) ^: prop]ties he 0 famili>1 us+ !m 9 !
 =m ( a di/illation or tea & always     
s+ly4 ,! /oma* or int]nal ba? 0 a       
valuable discov]y ( 81 & ! vapor or     
,turki% ba? 0 9 g5]al use4 ,he c\ld set 
a brok5 bone ) fair success1 b nev]     

practic$ surg]y 9 any =m4 ,9 addition to
 all ?is1 ! m$ic9e-man possess$ mu*     
p]sonal magnetism & au?ority1 & 9 8     
treatm5t (t5 s\ght to ree/abli% !       
equilibrium ( ! pati5t ?r\gh m5tal or   
spiritual influ5ces--a sort ( primitive 
psy*o!rapy4  ,! ,si\x ^w = ! heal+ art  
is 8wah-pee-yah10 :i* lit]ally means    
readju/+ or mak+ anew4                  
8,pay-jee-hoo-tah10 lit]ally root1 means
 m$ic9e1 & 8wakan0 signifies _s or      
my/]y4 ,?us ! ?ree ideas1 :ile sometimes
 associat$1 7 c>efully di/+ui%$4  ,x is 
important to rememb] t 9 ! old days !   
8m$ic9e-man0  receiv$ no paym5t = 8     
s]vices1 :i* 7 ( ! nature ( an honorable
 function or (fice4 ,:5 ! idea ( paym5t 
& b>t] 0 introduc$ among u1 & valuable  
pres5ts or fees began to be dem&$ =     
treat+ ! sick1 ! ensu+ gre$ & rivalry l$
 to _m demoraliz+ practices1 & 9 "t to !
 rise ( ! mod]n 8conjur]10 :o is g5]ally
 a fraud & trick/] ( ! grosse/ k9d4 ,x  
is =tunate t 8 day is practically ov]4  
,ev] seek+ to e/abli% spiritual         

comrade%ip ) ! animal creation1 !       
,indian adopt$ ?is or t animal z 8      
8totem10 ! emblematic device ( 8        
society1 family1 or clan4 ,x is probable
 t ! creature *os5 0 ! traditional      
ance/ress1 z we are told t ! ,fir/ ,man 
_h _m wives among ! animal p4 ,! sacr$  
bea/1 bird1 or reptile1 repres5t$ by its
 /uff$ sk91 or by a rude pa9t+1 0 treat$
 ) rev]5ce & c>ri$ into battle to insure
 ! gu>dian%ip ( ! spirits4 ,! symbolic  
attribute ( beav]1 be>1 or tortoise1 su*
 z wisdom1 cunn+1 c\rage1 & ! l1 0      
suppos$ to be my/]i\sly conf]r$ ^u !    
we>] ( ! badge4 ,! totem or *>m us$ 9   
m$ic9e 0 ord9>ily t ( ! m$ic9e lodge to 
:i* ! practition] belong$1 ?\gh !re 7 "s
 great m5 :o boa/$ a special revelation4
  ,!re are two c]emonial usages :i*1 s  
f> z ,i h be5 able to asc]ta91 7        
univ]sal among ,am]ican ,indians1 &     
app>5tly fundam5tal4 ,^! h already be5  
ref]r$ to z ! 8eneepee10 or vapor-ba?1 &
 ! 8*an-du-hu-pah-yu-za-pee10 or        
c]emonial ( ! pipe4 ,9 our ,si\an leg5ds

 & traditions ^! two are preem95t1 z h&$
 d[n f ! mo/ anci5t "t & p]si/+ to !    
la/4  ,9 our ,creation my? or /ory ( !  
,fir/ ,man1 ! vapor-ba? 0 ! magic us$ by
 ,!-"o-:o-0-,fir/-,creat$1 to give life 
to ! dead bones ( 8 y\ng] bro!r1 :o _h  
be5 sla9 by ! mon/]s ( ! deep4 ,^u !    
%ore ( ! ,great ,wat] he dug two r\nd   
holes1 ov] "o ( :i* he built a l[       
enclosure ( fragrant c$> b\ghs1 & "h he 
ga!r$ toge!r ! bones ( 8 bro!r4 ,9 ! o!r
 pit he made a fire & heat$ f\r r\nd    
/ones1 :i* he roll$ "o by "o into !     
lodge ( b\ghs4 ,hav+ clos$ e ap]ture    
save "o1 he sang a my/ic *ant :ile he   
?ru/ 9 8 arm & spr9kl$ wat] ^u ! /ones )
 a bun* ( sage4 ,imm$iately /eam arose1 
& z ! leg5d says1 8!re 0 an appe>ance ( 
life40 ,a second "t he spr9kl$ wat]1 & !
 dry bones rattl$ toge!r4 ,! ?ird "t he 
seem$ to he> s(t s++ f )9 ! lodge2 & !  
f\r? "t a voice exclaim$3 8,bro!r1 let  
me out60 7,x %\ld be not$ t ! numb] f\r 
is ! magic or sacr$ numb] ( ! ,indian47 
,?is /ory gives ! traditional orig9 ( ! 

8eneepee10 :i* has ev] s9ce be5 deem$   
ess5tial to ! ,indian's ef=t to purify &
 recreate 8 _s4 ,x is us$ bo? by !      
doctor & by 8 pati5t4 ,e man mu/ ent] ! 
cleans+ ba? & take ! cold plunge :i*    
foll[s1 :5 prep>+ = any spiritual       
crisis1 = possible dea?1 or imm95t      
dang]4  ,n only ! 8eneepee0 itself1 b   
ev]y?+ us$ 9 connection ) ! my/]i\s     
ev5t1 ! aromatic c$> & sage1 ! wat]1 &  
especially ! wat]-worn b\ld]s1 are      
reg>d$ z sacr$1 or at ! lea/ adapt$ to a
 spiritual use4 ,= ! rock we h a special
 rev]5t "n--8,tunkan10 a contraction ( !
 ,si\x ^w = ,gr&fa!r4  ,! natural b\ld] 
ent]s into _m ( our solemn c]emonials1  
su* z ! 8,ra9 ,dance10 & ! 8,fea/ (     
,virg9s40 ,! lone hunt] & w>rior        
rev]5tly holds up 8 fill$ pipe to       
8,tunkan10 9 solit>y commemoration ( a  
miracle :i* to him is z au!ntic & holy z
 ! rais+ ( ,laz>us to ! dev\t ,*ri/ian4 
,!re is a leg5d t ! ,fir/ ,man fell     
sick1 & 0 taught by 8 ,eld] ,bro!r !    
c]emonial use ( ! pipe1 9 a pray] to !  

spirits = ease & relief4 ,?is simple    
c]emony is ! commone/ daily expression (
 ?anks or 8grace10 z well z an oa? (    
loyalty & good fai? :5 ! w>rior goes =? 
^u "s p]il\s ent]prise1 & x ent]s ev5   
into 8 8hamb$ay10 or solit>y pray]1     
asc5d+ z a ris+ vapor or inc5se to !    
,fa!r ( ,spirits4  ,9 all ! w> c]emonies
 & 9 m$ic9e a special pipe is us$1 b at 
home or on ! hunt ! w>rior employs 8    
own4 ,! pulv]iz$ we$ is mix$ ) aromatic 
b>k ( ! r$ will[1 & press$ lightly into 
! b[l ( ! long /one pipe4 ,! wor%ip]    
lights x gravely & takes a :iff or two2 
!n1 /&+ erect1 he holds x sil5tly t[>d !
 ,sun1 our fa!r1 & t[>d ! e>?1 our "m4  
,!re are mod]n v>iations1 z hold+ ! pipe
 to ! ,f\r ,w9ds1 ! ,fire1 ,wat]1 ,rock1
 & o!r elem5ts or objects ( rev]5ce4    
,!re are _m religi\s fe/ivals :i* are   
local & special 9 "*1 embody+ a pray] = 
success 9 hunt+ or w>f>e1 or = ra9 &    
b\ntiful h>ve/s1 b ^! two are !         
sacram5ts ( our religion4 ,= baptism we 
sub/itute ! 8eneepee10 ! purification by

 vapor1 & 9 our holy communion we p>take
 ( ! soo?+ inc5se ( tobacco 9 ! /ead (  
bread & w9e4     ,,iv4 ,,b>b>ism ,,& ,,!
 ,,moral ,,code     ,sil5ce !           
,corn]-,/one ( ,"*4 ,basic ,ideas (     
,morality4 8,give ,all or ,no?+60 ,rules
 ( ,honorable    ,w>f>e4 ,an ,indian    
,conception ( ,c\rage4  ,long be=e ,i   
ev] he>d ( ,*ri/1 or saw a :ite man1 ,i 
_h le>n$ f an untutor$ woman ! ess5ce ( 
morality4 ,) ! help ( de> ,nature       
h]self1 %e taught me ?+s simple b (     
mighty import4 ,i knew ,god4 ,i p]ceiv$ 
:at goodness is4 ,i saw & lov$ :at is   
really beautiful4 ,civilization has n   
taught me any?+ bett]6  ,z a *ild1 ,i   
und]/ood h[ to give2 ,i h =gott5 t grace
 s9ce ,i became civiliz$4 ,i liv$ !     
natural life1 :]eas ,i n[ live !        
artificial4 ,any pretty pebble 0        
valuable to me !n2 e gr[+ tree an object
 ( rev]5ce4 ,n[ ,i wor%ip ) ! :ite man  
be=e a pa9t$ l&scape ^: value is e/imat$
 9 doll>s6 ,?us ! ,indian is            
recon/ruct$1 z ! natural rocks are gr\nd

 to p[d]1 & made into artificial blocks 
:i* may be built into ! walls ( mod]n   
society4  ,! fir/ ,am]ican m+l$ ) 8     
pride a s+ul> humility4 ,spiritual      
arrogance 0 =eign to 8 nature & tea*+4  
,he nev] claim$ t ! p[] ( articulate    
spee* 0 pro( ( sup]iority ov] ! dumb    
creation2 on ! o!r h&1 x is to him a    
p]il\s gift4 ,he believes pr(\ndly 9    
sil5ce--! sign ( a p]fect equilibrium4  
,sil5ce is ! absolute poise or balance (
 body1 m9d1 & _s4 ,! man :o pres]ves 8  
selfhood ev] calm & un%ak5 by ! /orms ( 
exi/5ce--n a leaf1 z x 71 a/ir on !     
tree2 n a ripple ^u ! surface ( %9+     
pool--81 9 ! m9d ( ! unlett]$ sage1 is !
 ideal attitude & conduct ( life4  ,if y
 ask him3 8,:at is sil5ce80 he w answ]3 
8,x is ! ,great ,my/]y60 8,! holy sil5ce
 is ,8 voice60 ,if y ask3 8,:at are !   
fruits ( sil5ce80 he w say3 8,!y are    
self-control1 true c\rage or endurance1 
pati5ce1 dignity1 & rev]5ce4 ,sil5ce is 
! corn]/one ( "*40  8,gu>d y\r tongue 9 
y\?10 said ! old *ief1 ,waba%aw1 8& 9   

age y may mature a ?\ght t w be ( s]vice
 to y\r p60  ,! mom5t t man conceiv$ ( a
 p]fect body1 supple1 symmetrical1      
graceful1 & endur+--9 t mom5t he _h laid
 ! f\ndation ( a moral life6 ,no man c  
hope to ma9ta9 su* a temple ( ! _s      
beyond ! p]iod ( adolesc5ce1 unless he  
is able to curb 8 indulg5ce 9 !         
pleasures ( ! s5ses4 ,^u ?is tru? !     
,indian built a rigid sy/em ( physical  
tra9+1 a social & moral code t 0 ! law (
 8 life4  ,!re 0 ar\s$ 9 him z a *ild a 
high ideal ( manly /r5g? & beauty1 !    
atta9m5t ( :i* mu/ dep5d ^u /rict       
temp]ance 9 eat+ & 9 ! sexual relation1 
toge!r ) sev]e & p]si/5t ex]cise4 ,he   
desir$ to be a wor?y l9k 9 ! g5]ations1 
& t he might n de/roy by 8 weakness t   
vigor & purity ( blood :i* _h be5 a*iev$
 at ! co/ ( mu* self-d5ial by a long l9e
 ( ance/ors4  ,he 0 requir$ to fa/ f "t 
to "t = %ort p]iods1 & to "w (f 8       
sup]flu\s en]gy by means ( h>d runn+1   
swimm+1 & ! vapor-ba?4 ,! bodily fatigue
 ?us induc$1 especially :5 c\pl$ ) a    

r$uc$ diet1 is a reliable cure = undue  
sexual desires4  ,p]sonal mode/y 0 e>ly 
cultivat$ z a safegu>d1 toge!r ) a /rong
 self-respect & pride ( family & race4  
,?is 0 accompli%$ 9 "p by keep+ ! *ild  
ev] be=e ! public eye1 f 8 bir? onw>d4  
,8 entrance into ! _w1 especially 9 !   
case ( ! fir/-born1 0 (t5 publicly      
ann\nc$ by ! h]ald1 accompani$ by a     
di/ribution ( pres5ts to ! old & ne$y4  
,! same ?+ occurr$ :5 he took 8 fir/    
/ep1 :5 8 e>s 7 pi]c$1 & :5 he %ot 8    
fir/ game1 s t 8 *ildi% exploits &      
progress 7 kn[n to ! :ole clan z to a   
l>g] family1 & he grew into manhood ) ! 
sav+ s5se ( a reputation to su/a94  ,!  
y\? 0 enc\rag$ to enli/ e>ly 9 ! public 
s]vice1 & to develop a :olesome ambition
 = ! honors ( a lead] & fea/-mak]1 :i* c
 nev] be 8 unless he is tru?ful & g5]\s1
 z well z brave1 & ev] m9dful ( 8       
p]sonal *a/ity & honor4 ,!re 7 _m       
c]emonial cu/oms :i* _h a di/9ct moral  
influ5ce2 ! woman 0 rigidly seclud$ at  
c]ta9 p]iods1 & ! "y husb& 0 =bidd5 to  

approa* 8 own wife :5 prep>+ = w> or =  
any religi\s ev5t4 ,! public or tribal  
position ( ! ,indian is entirely dep5d5t
 ^u 8 private virtue1 & he is nev]      
p]mitt$ to =get t he does n live to     
himself alone1 b to 8 tribe & 8 clan4   
,?us habits ( p]fect self-control 7 e>ly
 e/abli%$1 & !re 7 no unnatural         
conditions or complex temptations to    
beset him until he 0 met & ov]?r[n by a 
/rong] race4  ,to keep ! "y m5 & "y wom5
 /rictly to _! honor1 !re 7 obs]v$ among
 u1 )9 my own recollection1 c]ta9 annual
 c]emonies ( a semi-religi\s nature4 ,"o
 ( ! mo/ impressive ( ^! 0 ! sacr$      
8,fea/ ( ,virg9s10 :i*1 :5 giv5 = ! fir/
 "t1 0 equival5t to ! public ann\ncem5t 
( a "y girl's arrival at a m>riageable  
age4 ,! h]ald1 mak+ ! r\nds ( ! teepee  
village1 w\ld publi% ! fea/ some?+ aft] 
?is fa%ion3  8,pretty ,weasel-woman1 !  
daught] ( ,brave ,be>1 w k9dle h] fir/  
maid5s' fire to-morr[6 ,all ye :o h nev]
 yield$ to ! plead+ ( man1 :o h n       
de/roy$ y\r innoc5cy1 y alone are       

invit$1 to proclaim anew be=e ! ,sun & !
 ,e>?1 be=e y\r companions & 9 ! sight (
 ! ,great ,my/]y1 ! *a/ity & purity (   
y\r maid5hood4 ,come ye1 all :o h n kn[n
 man60  ,! :ole village 0 at once ar\s$ 
to ! int]e/ ( ! com+ ev5t1 :i* 0        
consid]$ next to ! ,sun ,dance & ! ,gr& 
,m$ic9e ,dance 9 public importance4 ,x  
always took place 9 midsumm]1 :5 a numb]
 ( diff]5t clans 7 ga!r$ toge!r = !     
summ] fe/ivities1 & 0 held 9 ! c5tre ( !
 great circul> encampm5t4  ,"h two      
circles 7 describ$1 "o )9 ! o!r1 ab\t a 
rudely he>t-%ap$ rock :i* 0 t\*$ ) r$   
pa9t1 & ^u ei!r side ( ! rock !re 7 ?ru/
 into ! gr\nd a knife & two arr[s4 ,!   
inn] circle 0 = ! maid5s1 & ! out] "o = 
_! gr&mo!rs or *ap]ones1 :o 7 suppos$ to
 h pass$ ! climact]ic4 ,^u ! outskirts (
 ! fea/ !re 0 a great public ga!r+1 9   
:i* ord] 0 kept by c]ta9 w>riors (      
highe/ reputation4 ,any man among !     
spectators might approa* & *all5ge any  
"y woman :om he knew to be unwor?y2 b if
 ! accus] fail$ to prove 8 *>ge1 !      

w>riors 7 accu/om$ to puni% him sev]ely4
  ,ea* girl 9 turn approa*$ ! sacr$ rock
 & laid h] h& ^u x ) all solemnity4 ,?is
 0 h] religi\s decl>ation ( h] virg9ity1
 h] v[ to rema9 pure until h] m>riage4  
,if %e %\ld ev] violate ! maid5s' oa?1  
!n welcome t ke5 knife & ^? %>p arr[s6  
,our maid5s 7 ambiti\s to att5d a numb] 
( ^! fea/s be=e m>riage1 & x sometimes  
happ5$ t a girl 0 compell$ to give "o1  
on acc\nt ( gossip ab\t h] conduct4 ,!n 
x 0 9 ! nature ( a *all5ge to !         
sc&al-mong]s to prove _! words6 ,a      
simil> fea/ 0 sometimes made by ! "y m51
 = :om ! rules 7 ev5 m /rict1 s9ce no "y
 man might att5d ?is fea/ :o _h s mu* z 
spok5 ( love to a maid54 ,x 0 consid]$ a
 high honor among u to h won "s         
di/9ction 9 w> & ! *ase1 & above all to 
h be5 invit$ to a seat 9 ! c\ncil1 be=e 
"o _h spok5 to any girl save 8 own si/]4
  ,x 0 our belief t ! love ( possessions
 is a weakness to be ov]come4 ,its      
appeal is to ! mat]ial "p1 & if all[$   
its way x w 9 "t di/urb ! spiritual     

balance ( ! man4 ,!re=e ! *ild mu/ e>ly 
le>n ! beauty ( g5]osity4 ,he is taught 
to give :at he prizes mo/1 & t he may   
ta/e ! happ9ess ( giv+1 he is made at an
 e>ly age ! family almon]4 ,if a *ild is
 incl9$ to be grasp+1 or to cl+ to any (
 8 little possessions1 leg5ds are relat$
 to him1 tell+ ( ! contempt & disgrace  
fall+ ^u ! ung5]\s & mean man4  ,public 
giv+ is a "p ( e important c]emony4 ,x  
prop]ly belongs to ! celebration ( bir?1
 m>riage1 & dea?1 & is obs]v$ :5ev] x is
 desir$ to d special honor to any p]son 
or ev5t4 ,^u su* occasions x is common  
to give to ! po9t ( utt] impov]i%m5t4 ,!
 ,indian 9 8 simplicity lit]ally gives  
away all t he has1 to relatives1 to     
gue/s ( ano!r tribe or clan1 b above all
 to ! poor & ! ag$1 f :om he c hope = no
 return4 ,f9ally1 ! gift to ! 8,great   
,my/]y10 ! religi\s (f]+1 may be (      
little value 9 itself1 b to ! giv]'s own
 ?\ght x %\ld c>ry ! mean+ & rew>d (    
true sacrifice4  ,orphans & ! ag$ are   
inv>iably c>$ =1 n only by _! next ( k91

 b by ! :ole clan4 ,x is ! lov+ p>5t's  
pride to h 8 daught]s visit ! un=tunate 
& ! helpless1 c>ry !m food1 comb _!     
hair1 & m5d _! g>m5ts4 ,! "n 8,w5onah10 
be/[$ ^u ! elde/ daught]1 di/9ctly      
implies all ?is1 & a girl :o fail$ 9 h] 
*>itable duties 0 held to be unwor?y ( !
 "n4  ,! man :o is a skillful hunt]1 &  
^: wife is alive to h] opportunities1   
makes _m fea/s1 to :i* he is c>eful to  
invite ! old] m5 ( 8 clan1 recogniz+ t  
!y h outliv$ _! p]iod ( greate/         
activity1 & n[ love no?+ s well z to eat
 9 good company1 & to live ov] ! pa/4 ,!
 old m51 = _! "p1 d _! be/ to requite 8 
lib]ality ) a little spee*1 9 :i* !y are
 apt to relate ! brave & g5]\s de$s ( _!
 ho/'s ance/ors1 f9ally congratulat+ him
 ^u be+ a wor?y successor ( an honorable
 l9e4 ,?us 8 reputation is won z a hunt]
 & a fea/-mak]1 & almo/ z fam\s 9 8 way 
z ! great w>rior is he :o has a         
recogniz$ "n & /&+ z a 8man ( peace40   
,! true ,indian sets no price ^u ei!r 8 
prop]ty or 8 labor4 ,8 g5]osity is only 

limit$ by 8 /r5g? & ability4 ,he reg>ds 
x z an honor to be select$ = a difficult
 or dang]\s s]vice1 & w\ld ?9k x %ame to
 ask = any rew>d1 say+ r3 8,let him :om 
,i s]ve express 8 ?anks accord+ to 8 own
 br++ up & 8 s5se ( honor60  ,nev]!less1
 he recognizes rights 9 prop]ty4 ,to    
/eal f "o ( 8 own tribe w\ld be inde$   
disgrace1 & if discov]$1 ! "n (         
8,wamanon10 or ,?ief1 is fix$ ^u him    
=ev] z an unalt]able /igma4 ,! only     
exception to ! rule is 9 ! case ( food1 
:i* is always free to ! hungry if !re is
 none by to (f] x4 ,o!r protection ?an !
 moral law !re c\ld n be 9 an ,indian   
community1 :]e !re 7 nei!r locks nor    
doors1 & ev]y?+ 0 op5 & easy ( access to
 all com]s4  ,! prop]ty ( ! enemy is    
spoil ( w>1 & x is always all[able to   
confiscate x if possible4 ,h[ev]1 9 !   
old days !re 0 n mu* plund]4 ,be=e !    
com+ ( ! :ite man1 !re 0 9 fact little  
temptation or opportunity to despoil !  
enemy2 b 9 mod]n times ! practice (     
8/eal+ horses0 f ho/ile tribes has      

become common1 & is ?\ght f> f          
di%onorable4  ,w>f>e we reg>d$ z an     
in/itution ( ! 8,great ,my/]y0--an      
organiz$ t\rnam5t or trial ( c\rage &   
skill1 ) elaborate rules & 8c\nts0 = !  
covet$ honor ( ! eagle fea!r4 ,x 0 held 
to develop ! quality ( manl9ess & its   
motive 0 *ivalric or patriotic1 b nev] !
 desire = t]ritorial aggr&izem5t or !   
ov]?r[ ( a bro!r nation4 ,x 0 common1 9 
e>ly times1 = a battle or skirmi% to la/
 all day1 ) great display ( d>+ &       
horseman%ip1 b ) sc>cely m kill$ & w\nd$
 ?an may be c>ri$ f ! field dur+ a      
univ]sity game ( football4  ,! slay] ( a
 man 9 battle 0 expect$ to m\rn = ?irty 
days black5+ 8 face & loos5+ 8 hair     
accord+ to ! cu/om4 ,he ( c\rse consid]$
 x no s9 to take ! life ( an enemy1 &   
?is c]emonial m\rn+ 0 a sign ( rev]5ce =
 ! dep>t$ _s4 ,! kill+ 9 w> (           
non-combatants1 su* z wom5 & *ildr51 is 
p>tly expla9$ by ! fact t 9 savage life 
! woman )\t husb& or protector is 9     
pitiable case1 & x 0 suppos$ t ! _s ( ! 

w>rior w\ld be bett] cont5t if no wid[ &
 orphans 7 left to suff] want1 z well z 
to weep4  ,a scalp might orig9ally be   
tak5 by ! lead] ( ! w> p>ty only & at t 
p]iod no o!r mutilation 0 practic$4 ,x 0
 a small lock n m ?an ?ree in*es squ>e1 
:i* 0 c>ri$ only dur+ ! ?irty days'     
celebration ( a victory1 & aft]w>d giv5 
religi\s burial4 ,wanton cruelties & ! m
 b>b>\s cu/oms ( w> 7 greatly int5sifi$ 
) ! com+ ( ! :ite man1 :o br\ght ) him  
fi]y liquor & deadly weapons1 ar\s$ !   
,indian's wor/ passions1 provok+ 9 him  
rev5ge & cupidity1 & ev5 (f]$ b\nties = 
! scalps ( innoc5t m51 wom51 & *ildr54  
,murd] )9 ! tribe 0 a grave (f5se1 to be
 aton$ = z ! c\ncil might decree1 & x   
(t5 happ5$ t ! slay] 0 call$ ^u to pay !
 p5alty ) 8 own life4 ,he made no       
attempt to escape or to evade ju/ice4 ,t
 ! crime 0 committ$ 9 ! dep?s ( ! =e/ or
 at dead ( night1 witness$ by no human  
eye1 made no diff]5ce to 8 m9d4 ,he 0   
?or\ghly conv9c$ t all is kn[n to !     
8,great ,my/]y10 & h5ce did n hesitate  

to give himself up1 to /& 8 trial by !  
old & wise m5 ( ! victim's clan4 ,8 own 
family & clan might by no means attempt 
to excuse or to def5d him1 b 8 judges   
took all ! kn[n circum/ances into       
consid]ation1 & if x appe>$ t he slew 9 
self-def5se1 or t ! provocation 0 sev]e1
 he might be set free aft] a ?irty days'
 p]iod ( m\rn+ 9 solitude4 ,o!rwise !   
murd]$ man's next ( k9 7 au?oriz$ to    
take 8 life2 & if !y refra9$ f do+ s1 z 
(t5 happ5$1 he rema9$ an outca/ f !     
clan4 ,a willful murd] 0 a r>e occurr5ce
 be=e ! days ( :iskey & drunk5 r[s1 = we
 7 n a viol5t or a qu>relsome p4  ,x is 
well rememb]$ t ,cr[ ,dog1 :o kill$ !   
,si\x *ief1 ,spott$ ,tail1 9 #ahha1     
calmly surr5d]$ himself & 0 tri$ &      
convict$ by ! c\rts 9 ,s\? ,dakota4     
,aft] 8 conviction1 he 0 p]mitt$        
rem>kable lib]ty 9 prison1 su* z p]haps 
no :ite man has ev] enjoy$ :5 "u s5t5ce 
( dea?4  ,! cause ( 8 act 0 a solemn    
commission receiv$ f 8 p1 ne>ly ?irty   
ye>s e>li]1 at ! "t t ,spott$ ,tail     

usurp$ ! *iefta9%ip by ! aid ( !        
milit>y1 :om he _h aid$4 ,cr[ ,dog 0 "u 
a v[ to slay ! *ief1 9 case he ev]      
betray$ or disgrac$ ! "n ( ! ,brule     
,si\x4 ,!re is no d\bt t he _h committ$ 
crimes bo? public & private1 hav+ be5   
guilty ( misuse ( (fice z well z ( gross
 (f5ses aga9/ morality2 !re=e 8 dea? 0 n
 a matt] ( p]sonal v5geance b ( j       
retribution4  ,a few days be=e ,cr[ ,dog
 0 to be execut$1 he ask$ p]mission to  
visit 8 home & say f>ewell to 8 wife &  
tw9 boys1 !n n9e or t5 ye>s old4 ,/range
 to say1 ! reque/ 0 grant$1 & ! condemn$
 man s5t home "u escort ( ! deputy      
%]iff1 :o rema9$ at ! ,indian ag5cy1    
m]ely tell+ 8 prison] to report !re on !
 foll[+ day4 ,:5 he did n appe> at ! "t 
set1 ! %]iff dispat*$ ! ,indian police  
aft] him4 ,!y did n f9d him1 & 8 wife   
simply said t ,cr[ ,dog _h desir$ to    
ride alone to ! prison1 & w\ld rea* !re 
on ! day appo9t$4 ,all d\bt 0 remov$    
next day by a telegram f ,rapid ,city1  
two hundr$ miles di/ant1 say+3 8,cr[    

,dog has j report$ "h40  ,! incid5t drew
 public att5tion to ! ,indian murd]]1 ) 
! unexpect$ result t ! case 0 reop5$1 & 
,cr[ ,dog acquitt$4 ,he /ill lives1 a   
well-pres]v$ man ( ab\t sev5ty-five     
ye>s1 & is mu* respect$ among 8 own p4  
,x is said t1 9 ! v e>ly days1 ly+ 0 a  
capital (f5se among u4 ,believ+ t !     
delib]ate li> is capable ( committ+ any 
crime beh9d ! scre5 ( c[>dly untru? &   
d\ble-deal+1 ! de/roy] ( mutual         
confid5ce 0 summ>ily put to dea?1 t !   
evil might g no fur!r4  ,ev5 ! wor/     
enemies ( ! ,indian1 ^? :o accuse him ( 
trea*]y1 blood-?ir/9ess1 cruelty1 & lu/1
 h n d5i$ 8 c\rage1 b 9 _! m9ds x is a  
c\rage t is ignorant1 brutal1 &         
fanta/ic4 ,8 own conception ( brav]y    
makes ( x a high moral virtue1 = to him 
x consi/s n s mu* 9 aggressive          
self-ass]tion z 9 absolute self-control4
 ,! truly brave man1 we cont5d1 yields  
nei!r to fe> nor ang]1 desire nor agony2
 he is at all times ma/] ( himself2 8   
c\rage rises to ! heights ( *ivalry1    

patriotism1 & real h]oism4  8,let nei!r 
cold1 hung]1 nor pa91 nor ! fe> ( !m1   
nei!r ! bri/l+ tee? ( dang] nor ! v jaws
 ( dea? itself1 prev5t y f do+ a good   
de$10 said an old *ief to a sc\t :o 0   
ab\t to seek ! buffalo 9 midw9t] = !    
relief ( a />v+ p4 ,?is 0 8 *ildlike    
conception ( c\rage4     ,v4 ,,!        
,,unwritt5 ,,scriptures     ,a ,liv+    
,book4 ,! ,si\x ,/ory ( ,creation4 ,!   
,fir/    ,battle4 ,ano!r ,v]sion ( !    
,flood4 ,our ,animal ,ance/ry4  ,a      
mission>y once und]took to in/ruct a    
gr\p ( ,indians 9 ! tru?s ( 8 holy      
religion4 ,he told !m ( ! creation ( !  
e>? 9 six days1 & ( ! fall ( our fir/   
p>5ts by eat+ an apple4  ,! c\rte\s     
savages li/5$ att5tively1 &1 aft] ?ank+ 
him1 "o relat$ 9 8 turn a v anci5t      
tradition conc]n+ ! orig9 ( ! maize4 ,b 
! mission>y pla9ly %[$ 8 disgu/ &       
disbelief1 indignantly say+3--  8,:at ,i
 deliv]$ to y 7 sacr$ tru?s1 b ?is t y  
tell me is m]e fable & falsehood60  8,my
 bro!r10 gravely repli$ ! (f5d$ ,indian1

 8x seems t y h n be5 well gr\nd$ 9 !   
rules ( civility4 ,y saw t we1 :o       
practice ^! rules1 believ$ y\r /ories2  
:y1 !n1 d y refuse to cr$it ours80  ,e  
religion has its ,holy ,book1 & ours 0 a
 m+l+ ( hi/ory1 poetry1 & prophecy1 (   
precept & folk-lore1 ev5 su* z ! mod]n  
read] f9ds )9 ! cov]s ( 8 ,bible4 ,?is  
,bible ( ours 0 our :ole lit]ature1 a   
liv+ ,book1 s[$ z preci\s se$ by our    
wise/ sages1 & spr++ anew 9 ! wond]+    
eyes & ^u ! innoc5t lips ( little       
*ildr54 ,^u its ho>y wisdom ( prov]b &  
fable1 its my/ic & leg5d>y lore ?us     
sacr$ly pres]v$ & transmitt$ f fa!r to  
son1 0 bas$ 9 l>ge "p our cu/oms &      
philosophy4  ,naturally magnanim\s &    
op5-m9d$1 ! r$ man pref]s to believe t !
 ,_s ( ,god is n brea!d into man alone1 
b t ! :ole creat$ univ]se is a %>] 9 !  
immortal p]fection ( its ,mak]4 ,8      
imag9ative & poetic m9d1 l t ( ! ,greek1
 assigns to e m\nta91 tree1 & spr+ its  
_s1 nymph1 or div9ity ei!r b5efic5t or  
mis*iev\s4 ,! h]oes & demigods ( ,indian

 tradition reflect ! *>act]i/ic tr5d ( 8
 ?\ght1 & 8 attribution ( p]sonality & w
 to ! elem5ts1 ! sun & />s1 & all       
animate or inanimate nature4  ,9 ! ,si\x
 /ory ( creation1 ! great ,my/]i\s ,"o  
is n br\ght directly ^u ! sc5e or       
conceiv$ 9 an?ropomorphic fa%ion1 b     
rema9s sublimely 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,! ,sun 
& ! ,e>?1 repres5t+ ! male & female     
pr9ciples1 are ! ma9 elem5ts 9 8        
creation1 ! o!r planets be+ subsidi>y4  
,! enk9dl+ w>m? ( ! ,sun ent]$ into !   
bosom ( our "m1 ! ,e>?1 & =?) %e        
conceiv$ & br\ght =? life1 bo? vegetable
 & animal4  ,f9ally !re appe>$ my/]i\sly
 ,i%-na-e-*a-ge1 ! 8,fir/-,born10  a be+
 9 ! lik5ess ( man1 yet m ?an man1 :o   
roam$ solit>y among ! animal p &        
und]/ood _! ways & _! language4 ,!y     
beheld him ) wond] & awe1 = !y c\ld d   
no?+ )\t 8 k4 ,he _h pit*$ 8 t5t 9 !    
c5tre ( ! l&1 & !re 0 no spot impossible
 = him to p5etrate4  ,at la/1 l ,adam1 !
 8,fir/-,born0 ( ! ,si\x became we>y (  
liv+ alone1 & =m$ = himself a           

companion--n a mate1 b a bro!r--n out ( 
a rib f 8 side1 b f a spl9t] :i* he drew
 f 8 great toe6 ,?is 0 ! ,little ,boy   
,man1 :o 0 n creat$ full-gr[n1 b z an   
innoc5t *ild1 tru/+ & helpless4 ,8 ,eld]
 ,bro!r 0 8 tea*] ?r\gh\t e /age ( human
 progress f infancy to manhood1 & x is  
to ! rules :i* he laid d[n1 & 8 c\nsels 
to ! ,little ,boy ,man1 t we trace _m ( 
our mo/ deep-root$ beliefs & mo/ sacr$  
cu/oms4  ,=emo/ among ! animal p 0      
,unk-to-mee1 ! ,spid]1 ! orig9al        
tr\ble-mak]1 :o not$ ke5ly ! gr[? ( !   
boy 9 wit & +5uity1 & pres5tly advis$ ! 
animals to make an end ( him2 8=10 said 
he1 8if y d n1 "s day he w be ! ma/] ( u
 all60 ,b !y all lov$ ! ,little ,boy    
,man because he 0 s fri5dly & s playful4
 ,only ! mon/]s ( ! deep sea li/5$1 &   
pres5tly took 8 life1 hid+ 8 body 9 !   
bottom ( ! sea4 ,nev]!less1 by ! magic  
p[] ( ! ,fir/-,born1 ! body 0 recov]$ & 
0 giv5 life aga9 9 ! sacr$ vapor-ba?1 z 
describ$ 9 a =m] *apt]4  ,once m our    
fir/ ance/or roam$ happily among !      

animal p1 :o 7 9 ^? days a p[]ful       
nation4 ,he le>n$ _! ways & _!          
language--= !y _h a common tongue 9 ^?  
days2 le>n$ to s+ l ! birds1 to swim l !
 fi%es1 & to climb sure-foot$ ov] rocks 
l ! m\nta9 %eep4 ,not)/&+ t he 0 _! good
 comrade & did !m no h>m1 ,unk-to-mee   
once m s[$ diss5sion among ! animals1 & 
messages 7 s5t into all qu>t]s ( ! e>?1 
sea1 & air1 t all ! tribes might unite  
to decl>e w> ^u ! solit>y man :o 0 de/9$
 to become _! ma/]4  ,aft] a "t ! "y man
 discov]$ ! plot1 & came home v         
sorr[ful4 ,he lov$ 8 animal fri5ds1 & 0 
griev$ t !y %\ld comb9e aga9/ him4      
,besides1 he 0 nak$ & un>m$4 ,b 8 ,eld] 
,bro!r arm$ him ) a b[ & fl9t-head$     
arr[s1 a /one w>-club & a spe>4 ,he     
likewise toss$ a pebble f\r times into !
 air1 & ea* "t x became a cliff or wall 
( rock ab\t ! teepee4  8,n[10 said he1  
8x is "t to fight & to ass]t y\r        
supremacy1 = x is !y :o h br\ght !      
tr\ble ^u y1 & n y ^u !m60  ,night & day
 ! ,little ,boy ,man rema9$ ^u ! wat* = 

8 enemies f ! top ( ! wall1 & at la/ he 
beheld ! prairies black ) buffalo h]ds1 
& ! elk ga!r+ ^u ! edges ( ! =e/4 ,be>s 
& wolves 7 clos+ 9 f all directions1 &  
n[ f ! sky ! ,?und] gave 8 fe>ful       
w>-:oop1 answ]$ by ! wolf's long h[l4   
,! badg]s & o!r burr[]s began at once to
 und]m9e 8 rocky =tress1 :ile ! climb]s 
und]took to scale its p]p5dicul> walls4 
,!n = ! fir/ "t on e>? ! b[ 0 /rung1 &  
hundr$s ( fl9t-head$ arr[s f\nd _! m>k 9
 ! bodies ( ! animals1 :ile ea* "t t !  
,boy ,man swung 8 /one w>-club1 8       
enemies fell 9 c\ntless numb]s4  ,f9ally
 ! insects1 ! little p ( ! air1 attack$ 
him 9 a body1 fill+ 8 eyes & e>s1 &     
torm5t+ him ) _! poison$ spe>s1 s t he 0
 9 despair4 ,he call$ = help ^u 8 ,eld] 
,bro!r1 :o ord]$ him to /rike ! rocks ) 
8 /one w>-club4 ,z soon z he _h done s1 
sp>ks ( fire flew ^u ! dry grass ( !    
prairie & x bur/ into flame4 ,a mighty  
smoke asc5d$1 :i* drove away ! teas+    
sw>ms ( ! insect p1 :ile ! flames       
t]rifi$ & scatt]$ ! o!rs4  ,?is 0 ! fir/

 divid+ ( ! trail betwe5 man & ! animal 
p1 & :5 ! animals _h su$ = peace1 !     
treaty provid$ t !y mu/ ev] aft] furni% 
man ) fle% = 8 food & sk9s = clo?+1 ?\gh
 n )\t ef=t & dang] on 8 "p4 ,! little  
insects refus$ to make any concession1 &
 h ev] s9ce be5 ! torm5tors ( man2      
h[ev]1 ! birds ( ! air decl>$ t !y w\ld 
puni% !m = _! ob/9acy1 & ?is !y cont9ue 
to d unto ?is day4  ,our p h always     
claim$ t ! /one arr[s :i* are f\nd s    
g5]ally ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry are ! ones t ! 
fir/ man us$ 9 8 battle ) ! animals4 ,x 
is n record$ 9 our traditions1 mu* less 
is x )9 ! memory ( our old m51 t we h   
ev] made or us$ simil> arr[-heads4 ,"s h
 tri$ to make use ( !m = %oot+ fi% "u   
wat]1 b ) little success1 & !y are      
absolutely useless ) ! ,indian b[ :i* 0 
9 use :5 ,am]ica 0 discov]$4 ,x is      
possible t !y 7 made by "s pre-hi/oric  
race :o us$ mu* long] & /rong] b[s1 & :o
 7 work]s 9 /one1 :i* our p 7 n4 ,_!    
/one implem5ts 7 m]ely natural b\ld]s or
 fl9t *ips1 fitt$ ) h&les ( raw-hide or 

wood1 except ! pipes1 :i* 7 c>v$ f a    
species ( /one :i* is s(t :5 fir/       
qu>ri$1 & !re=e easily work$ ) ! mo/    
primitive tools4 ,practically all ! fl9t
 arr[-heads t we see 9 museums & else:]e
 7 pick$ up or pl\gh$ up1 :ile "s h be5 
di%one/ly sold by traffick+ ,indians &  
o!rs1 emb$d$ 9 trees & bones4  ,we _h   
nei!r devil nor hell 9 our religion     
until ! :ite man br\ght !m to u1 yet    
,unk-to-mee1 ! ,spid]1 0 d\btless ak9 to
 t old ,s]p5t :o tempt$ "m ,eve4 ,he is 
always *>act]iz$ z tricky1 trea*]\s1 &  
at ! same "t affable & *>m+1 be+ n )\t !
 gifts ( wit1 prophecy1 & eloqu5ce4 ,he 
is an adroit magician1 able to assume   
almo/ any =m at w1 & imp]vi\s to any    
am\nt ( ridicule & insult4 ,"h we h1 x  
appe>s1 ! elem5ts ( ! /ory 9 ,g5esis2 ! 
primal ,ed51 ! tempt] 9 animal =m1 & !  
br++ ( sorr[ & dea? ^u e>? ?r\gh !      
elem5tal s9s ( envy & jeal\sy4  ,! w>n+ 
convey$ 9 ! /ory ( ,unk-to-mee 0 ev] us$
 ) success by ,indian p>5ts1 &          
especially gr&p>5ts1 9 ! in/ruction ( _!

 *ildr54 ,i%-na-e-*a-ge1 on ! o!r h&1 0 
a demigod & my/]i\s tea*]1 ^: function x
 0 to initiate ! fir/ man into 8 tasks &
 pleasures "h on e>?4  ,aft] ! battle ) 
! animals1 !re foll[$ a battle ) !      
elem5ts1 :i* 9 "s measure p>allels !    
,old ,te/am5t /ory ( ! flood4 ,9 ?is    
case1 ! purpose seems to h be5 to de/roy
 ! wick$ animal p1 :o 7 too _m & too    
/rong = ! lone man4  ,! leg5d tells u t 
:5 fall came1 ! ,fir/-,born advis$ 8    
y\ng] bro!r to make = himself a w>m t5t 
( buffalo sk9s1 & to /ore up mu* food4  
,no soon] _h he done ?is ?an x began to 
sn[1 & ! sn[ fell /eadily dur+ _m moons4
 ,! ,little ,boy ,man made = himself    
sn[-%oes1 & 0 ?us enabl$ to hunt easily1
 :ile ! animals fl$ f him ) difficulty4 
,f9ally wolves1 foxes1 & rav5s came to 8
 door to beg = food1 & he help$ !m1 b _m
 ( ! fi]c] wild animals di$ ( cold &    
/>vation4  ,"o day1 :5 ! hungry ones    
appe>$1 ! sn[ 0 high] ?an ! tops ( !    
teepee poles1 b ! ,little ,boy ,man's   
fire kept a hole op5 & cle>4 ,d[n ?is   

hole !y pe]$1 & lo6 ! man _h rubb$ a%es 
on 8 face by ! advice ( 8 ,eld] ,bro!r1 
& !y bo? lay sil5t & motionless on ei!r 
side ( ! fire4  ,!n ! fox b>k$ & ! rav5 
caw$ 8 signal to ! w&]+ tribes1 & !y all
 rejoic$ & said3 8,n[ !y are bo? dy+ or 
dead1 & we %all h no m tr\ble60 ,b ! sun
 appe>$1 & a w>m w9d melt$ ! sn[-banks1 
s t ! l& 0 full ( wat]4 ,! "y man & 8   
,tea*] made a bir*-b>k canoe1 :i* float$
 ^u ! surface ( ! flood1 :ile ( !       
animals !re 7 sav$ only a few1 :o _h    
f\nd a foo?old ^u ! highe/ peaks4  ,!   
y\? _h n[ pass$ triumphantly ?r\gh !    
v>i\s ordeals ( 8 manhood4 ,"o day 8    
,eld] ,bro!r spoke to him & said3 8,y h 
n[ conqu]$ ! animal p1 & )/ood ! =ce ( !
 elem5ts4 ,y h subdu$ ! e>? to y\r w1 & 
/ill y are alone6 ,x is "t to g =? & f9d
 a woman :om y c love1 & by ^: help y   
may reproduce y\r k9d40  8,b h[ am ,i to
 d ?is80 repli$ ! fir/ man1 :o 0 only an
 inexp]i5c$ boy4 8,i am "h alone1 z y   
say1 & ,i "k n :]e to f9d a woman or a  
mate60  8,g =? & seek h]10 repli$ !     

,great ,tea*]2 & =?) ! y\? set out on 8 
w&]+s 9 se>* ( a wife4 ,he _h no idea h[
 to make love1 s t ! fir/ c\rt%ip 0 done
 by ! pretty & coquetti% maid5s ( !     
,bird1 ,beav]1 & ,be> tribes4 ,!re are  
"s t\*+ & :imsical love /ories :i* ! ri*
 imag9ation ( ! ,indian has wov5 into   
?is old leg5d4  ,x is said1 = example1 t
 at 8 fir/ camp he _h built = himself a 
lodge ( gre5 b\ghs 9 ! mid/ ( ! =e/1 & t
 !re 8 rev]ie 0 int]rupt$ by a voice f !
 wild]ness--a voice t 0 irresi/ibly &   
pr(\ndly sweet4 ,9 "s my/]i\s way1 ! s\l
 ( ! "y man 0 t\*$ z x _h nev] be5 be=e1
 = ?is call ( exquisite t5d]ness &      
allurem5t 0 ! voice ( ! et]nal woman6   
,pres5tly a *>m+ little girl /ood       
timidly at ! door ( 8 p9e-b\gh wigwam4  
,%e 0 mode/ly dress$ 9 gray1 ) a t\* (  
jet ab\t h] pretty face1 & %e c>ri$ a   
basket ( wild *]ries :i* %e %yly (f]$ to
 ! "y man4 ,s ! rov] 0 subdu$1 & love   
turn$ loose ^u ! _w to upbuild & to     
de/roy6 ,:5 at la/ %e left him1 he peep$
 ?r\gh ! door aft] h]1 b saw only a     

rob91 ) head turn$ ar*ly to "o side1    
flutt]+ away among ! trees4  ,8 next    
camp 0 beside a cle>1 runn+ /ream1 :]e a
 plump & indu/ri\s maid 0 busily at "w  
*opp+ wood4 ,he fell promptly 9 love )  
h] also1 & = "s "t !y liv$ toge!r 9 h]  
cosy h\se by ! wat]side4 ,aft] _! boy 0 
born1 ! w&]] wi%$ v mu* to g back to 8  
,eld] ,bro!r & to %[ him 8 wife & *ild4 
,b ! beav]-woman refus$ to g1 s at la/  
he w5t alone = a %ort visit4 ,:5 he     
return$1 !re 0 only a trickle ( wat]    
beside ! brok5 dam1 ! beautiful home 0  
left desolate1 & wife & *ild 7 gone     
=ev]6  ,! des]t$ husb& sat alone ^u !   
bank1 sleepless & fa9t ) grief1 until he
 0 consol$ by a comely "y woman 9 glossy
 black1 :o took compassion ^u 8 di/ress 
& soo!d him ) food & lov+ att5tions4    
,?is 0 ! be>-woman1 f :om aga9 he 0     
aft]w>d sep>at$ by "s mi%ap4 ,! /ory    
goes t he _h *ildr5 by ea* ( 8 _m wives1
 "s ( :om resembl$ _! fa!r1 & ^! became 
! ance/ors ( ! human race1 :ile ^? :o   
bore ! *>act]i/ics ( _! "m return$ to h]

 clan4 ,x is also said t su* z 7        
abnormal or mon/r\s 9 =m 7 =bidd5 to    
reproduce _! k9d1 & all love & mat+     
betwe5 man & ! animal creation 0 f t "t 
=? /rictly prohibit$4 ,!re are "s curi\s
 traditions ( "y m5 & maid5s :o         
transgress$ ?is law unkn[+ly1 be+ s$uc$ 
& deceiv$ by a magnific5t buck de]1     
p]haps1 or a graceful doe1 & ^: fall 0  
puni%$ ) dea?4  ,! animal totems s g5]al
 among ! tribes 7 said to h desc5d$ to  
!m f _! great-gr&mo!r's clan1 & ! leg5d 
0 (t5 quot$ 9 support ( our close       
fri5d%ip ) ! animal p4 ,i h sometimes   
wond]$ :y ! sci5tific doctr9e ( man's   
desc5t has n 9 ! same way app>5tly      
increas$ ! :ite man's respect = ^! our  
humbl] k94  ,( ! _m lat] h]oes or       
,hiawa?as :o appe> 9 ?is volum9\s       
unwritt5 book ( ours1 ea* introduc$ an  
epo* 9 ! long /ory ( man & 8 environm5t4
 ,!re is1 = example1 ! ,av5g] ( !       
,innoc5t1 :o sprang f a clot ( blood2 ! 
ragg$ little boy :o won fame & a wife by
 %oot+ ! ,r$ ,eagle ( fateful om52 & !  

,/> ,boy1 :o 0 ! (f-spr+ ( a mortal     
maid5 & a ,/>4  ,x 0 ?is la/ :o f\ght = 
man aga9/ 8 /ronge/ enemies1 su* z      
,wazeeyah1 ! ,cold or ,nor?-,w9d4 ,!re 0
 a desp]ate battle betwe5 ^! two1 9 :i* 
fir/ "o _h ! advantage & !n ! o!r1 until
 bo? 7 exhau/$ & decl>$ a truce4 ,:ile  
he re/$1 ,/> ,boy cont9u$ to fan himself
 ) 8 great fan ( eagle fea!rs1 & ! sn[  
melt$ s fa/ t ,nor?-,w9d 0 =c$ to       
arrange a treaty ( peace1 by :i* he 0   
only to control "o half ! ye>4 ,s x 0 t 
! ord]ly m>* ( ! seasons 0 e/abli%$1 & e
 ye> ,/> ,boy ) 8 fan ( eagle fea!rs    
sets 9 motion ! w>m w9ds t u%] 9 ! spr+4
     ,,vi4 ,,on ,,! ,,bord]-,,l& ,,(    
,,spirits     ,dea? & ,fun]al ,cu/oms4  
,! ,sacr$ ,lock ( ,hair4    ,re9c>nation
 & ! ,conv]se ( ,spirits4 ,occult &     
,psy*ic ,p[]s4 ,! ,gift ( ,prophecy4  ,!
 attitude ( ! ,indian t[>d dea?1 ! te/ &
 backgr\nd ( life1 is entirely consi/5t 
) 8 "* & philosophy4 ,dea? has no t]rors
 = him2 he meets x ) simplicity & p]fect
 calm1 seek+ only an honorable end z 8  

la/ gift to 8 family & desc5dants4      
,!re=e he c\rts dea? 9 battle2 on ! o!r 
h&1 he w\ld reg>d x z disgraceful to be 
kill$ 9 a private qu>rel4 ,if "o be dy+ 
at home1 x is cu/om>y to c>ry 8 b$ out (
 doors z ! end approa*es1 t 8 _s may    
pass "u ! op5 sky4  ,next to ?is1 !     
matt] t conc]ns him mo/ is ! p>t+ ) 8   
de> ones1 especially if he h any little 
*ildr5 :o mu/ be left beh9d to suff]    
want4 ,8 family affections are /rong1 & 
he grieves int5sely = ! lo/1 ev5 ?\gh he
 has unb\nd$ fai? 9 a spiritual         
companion%ip4  ,! outw>d signs ( m\rn+ =
 ! dead are f> m spontane\s & conv9c+   
?an is ! correct & well-ord]$ black (   
civilization4 ,bo? m5 & wom5 among u    
loos5 _! hair & cut x accord+ to !      
degree ( relation%ip or ( devotion4     
,consi/5t ) ! idea ( sacrific+ all      
p]sonal beauty & adornm5t1 !y trim (f   
likewise f ! dress its fr+es & ornam5ts1
 p]haps cut x %ort1 or cut ! robe or    
blanket 9 two4 ,! m5 black5 _! faces1 & 
wid[s or b]eav$ p>5ts sometimes ga% _!  

arms & legs till !y are cov]$ ) blood4  
,giv+ !mselves up :olly to _! grief1 !y 
are no long] conc]n$ ab\t any e>?ly     
possession1 & (t5 give away all t !y h  
to ! fir/ com]s1 ev5 to _! b$s & _!     
home4 ,f9ally1 ! wail+ = ! dead is      
cont9u$ night & day to ! po9t ( utt]    
voicelessness2 a musical1 weird1 &      
he>t-pi]c+ s\nd1 :i* has be5 comp>$ to !
 8ke5+0 ( ! ,celtic m\rn]4  ,! old-"t   
burial ( ! ,pla9s ,indians 0 ^u a       
scaffold ( poles1 or a plat=m among !   
b\ghs ( a tree--_! only means ( plac+ ! 
body out ( rea* ( wild bea/s1 z !y _h no
 implem5ts ) :i* to dig a suitable      
grave4 ,x 0 prep>$ by dress+ 9 ! f9e/   
clo!s1 toge!r ) "s p]sonal possessions &
 ornam5ts1 wrapp$ 9 sev]al robes1 &     
f9ally 9 a secure cov]+ ( raw-hide4 ,z a
 special m>k ( respect1 ! body ( a "y   
woman or a w>rior 0 sometimes laid out 9
 /ate 9 a new teepee1 ) ! usual h\sehold
 articles & ev5 ) a di% ( food left     
beside x1 n t !y suppos$ ! _s c\ld use !
 implem5ts or eat ! food b m]ely z a la/

 tribute4 ,!n ! :ole p w\ld break camp &
 dep>t to a di/ance1 leav+ ! dead alone 
9 an honorable solitude4  ,!re 0 no     
prescrib$ c]emony ( burial1 ?\gh ! body 
0 c>ri$ out ) m or less solemnity by    
select$ "y m51 & sometimes not$ w>riors 
7 ! pall-be>]s ( a man ( di/9ction4 ,x 0
 usual to *oose a prom95t hill ) a      
comm&+ outlook = ! la/ re/+-place ( our 
dead4 ,if a man 7 sla9 9 battle1 x 0 an 
old cu/om to place 8 body aga9/ a tree  
or rock 9 a sitt+ position1 always fac+ 
! enemy1 to indicate 8 undaunt$ defiance
 & brav]y1 ev5 9 dea?4  ,i recall a t\*+
 cu/om among u1 :i* 0 design$ to keep ! 
memory ( ! dep>t$ ne> & w>m 9 ! b]eav$  
h\sehold4 ,a lock ( hair ( ! belov$ dead
 0 wrapp$ 9 pretty clo?+1 su* z x 0     
suppos$ t he or %e w\ld l to we> if     
liv+4 ,?is 8_s bundle10 z x 0 call$1 0  
susp5d$ f a tripod1 & occupi$ a c]ta9   
place 9 ! lodge :i* 0 ! place ( honor4  
,at e meal "t1 a di% ( food 0 plac$ "u  
x1 & "s p]son ( ! same sex & age z ! "o 
:o 0 gone mu/ aft]w>d be invit$ 9 to    

p>take ( ! food4 ,at ! end ( a ye> f !  
"t ( dea?1 ! relatives made a public    
fea/ & gave away ! clo?+ & o!r gifts1   
:ile ! lock ( hair 0 int]r$ )           
appropriate c]emonies4  ,c]ta9ly !      
,indian nev] d\bt$ ! immortal nature ( !
 _s or s\l ( man1 b nei!r did he c>e to 
speculate ^u its probable /ate or       
condition 9 a future life4 ,! idea ( a  
8happy hunt+-gr\nd0 is mod]n & probably 
borr[$1 or inv5t$ by ! :ite man4 ,!     
primitive ,indian 0 cont5t to believe t 
! _s :i* ! 8,great ,my/]y0 brea!d into  
man returns to ,him :o gave x1 & t aft] 
x is fre$ f ! body1 x is ev]y:]e &      
p]vades all nature1 yet (t5 l+]s ne> !  
grave or 8_s bundle0 = ! consolation (  
fri5ds1 & is able to he> pray]s4 ,s mu* 
( rev]5ce 0 due ! disembodi$ _s1 t x 0 n
 cu/om>y ) u ev5 to "n ! dead al\d4  ,x 
is well kn[n t ! ,am]ican ,indian _h    
someh[ develop$ occult p[]1 & al?\gh 9 !
 latt] days !re h be5 _m impo/ors1 &1   
all[+ = ! vanity & weakness ( human     
nature1 x is fair to assume t !re mu/ h 

be5 "s ev5 9 ! old days1 yet !re are    
well-atte/$ in/ances ( rem>kable        
prophecies & o!r my/ic practice4  ,a    
,si\x prophet pr$ict$ ! com+ ( ! :ite   
man fully fifty ye>s be=e ! ev5t1 & ev5 
describ$ accurately 8 g>m5ts & weapons4 
,be=e ! /eamboat 0 inv5t$1 ano!r prophet
 ( our race describ$ ! 8,fire ,boat0 t  
w\ld swim ^u _! mighty riv]1 !          
,mississippi1 & ! date ( ?is prophecy is
 atte/$ by ! t]m us$1 :i* is long s9ce  
obsolete4 ,no d\bt1 _m pr$ictions h be5 
color$ to suit ! new age1 &             
unque/ionably false prophets1 fakirs1 & 
conjur]s h become ! pe/ ( ! tribes dur+ 
! transition p]iod4 ,nev]!less1 ev5 dur+
 ?is p]iod !re 0 "h & !re a man ( ! old 
type :o 0 implicitly believ$ 9 to ! la/4
  ,notable among ^! 0 ,ta-*ank-pee      
,ho-tank-a1 or ,8 ,w> ,club ,speaks     
,l\d1 :o =etold a ye> 9 advance !       
details ( a great w>-p>ty aga9/ !       
,ojibways4 ,!re 7 to be sev5 battles1   
all successful except ! la/1 9 :i* !    
,si\x 7 to be tak5 at a disadvantage &  

suff] cru%+ defeat4 ,?is 0 c>ri$ out to 
! lett]4 ,our p surpris$ & slew _m ( !  
,ojibways 9 _! villages1 b 9 turn 7     
foll[$ & cunn+ly l$ into an ambu% :5ce b
 few came out alive4 ,?is 0 only "o ( 8 
rem>kable prophecies4  ,ano!r fam\s     
8m$ic9e-man0 0 born on ! ,rum ,riv] ab\t
 "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s ago1 & liv$ to  
be ov] a c5tury old4 ,he 0 born dur+ a  
desp]ate battle ) ! ,ojibways1 at a     
mom5t :51 z x seem$1 ! b& ( ,si\x engag$
 7 to be annihilat$4 ,!re=e ! *ild's    
gr&mo!r exclaim$3 8,s9ce we are all to  
p]i%1 let him die a w>rior's dea? 9 !   
field60 & %e plac$ 8 cradle "u fire1 ne>
 ! spot :]e 8 uncle & gr&fa!rs 7 fight+1
 = he _h no fa!r4 ,b :5 an old man      
discov]$ ! new-born *ild1 he comm&$ !   
wom5 to take c>e ( him1 8=10 said he1   
8we "k n h[ preci\s ! /r5g? ( ev5 "o    
w>rior may "s day become to 8 nation60  
,?is *ild liv$ to become great among u1 
z 0 intimat$ to ! sup]/iti\s by !       
circum/ances ( 8 bir?4 ,at ! age ( ab\t 
sev5ty-five ye>s1 he sav$ 8 b& f utt]   

de/ruction at ! h&s ( _! ance/ral       
enemies1 by sudd5ly giv+ w>n+ receiv$ 9 
a dream ( ! approa* ( a l>ge w>-p>ty4 ,!
 m5 imm$iately s5t out sc\ts1 & fell$   
trees = a /ockade1 b>ely 9 "t to meet & 
repel ! pr$ict$ attack4 ,five ye>s lat]1
 he repeat$ ! s]vice1 & aga9 sav$ 8 p f 
awful slaught]4 ,!re 0 no confusion (   
figures or om5s1 z ) less] m$ic9e-m51 b 
9 e incid5t t is told ( him 8           
int]pretation ( ! sign1 :atev] x 01     
prov$ s+ul>ly correct4  ,! fa!r (       
,little ,cr[1 ! *ief :o l$ ! 8,m9nesota 
massacre0  ( #ahfb1 0 ano!r prophet ( "s
 note4 ,"o ( 8 *>act]i/ic prophecies 0  
made only a few ye>s be=e he di$1 :5 he 
_h decl>$ t1 al?\gh already an old man1 
he w\ld g once m ^u ! w>-pa?4 ,at ! f9al
 w>-fea/1 he decl>$ t ?ree ( ! enemy    
w\ld be sla91 b he %[$ great di/ress &  
reluctance 9 =etell+ t he w\ld lose two 
( 8 own m54 ,?ree ( ! ,ojibways 7 inde$ 
sla9 z he _h said1 b 9 ! battle ! old w>
 prophet lo/ bo? ( 8 two sons4  ,!re are
 _m tru/wor?y m51 & m5 ( ,*ri/ian fai?1 

to v\* = ^! & simil> ev5ts occurr+ z    
=etold4 ,i _c pret5d to expla9 !m1 b ,i 
"k t our p possess$ rem>kable p[]s (    
conc5tration & ab/raction1 & ,i         
sometimes fancy t su* ne>ness to nature 
z ,i h describ$ keeps ! _s s5sitive to  
impressions n commonly felt1 & 9 t\* ) !
 unse5 p[]s4 ,"s ( u seem$ to h a       
peculi> intuition = ! locality ( a      
grave1 :i* !y expla9$ by say+ t !y _h   
receiv$ a communication f ! _s ( !      
dep>t$4 ,my own gr&mo!r 0 "o ( ^!1 & z  
f> back z ,i c rememb]1 :5 camp+ 9 a    
/range c\ntry1 my bro!r & ,i w\ld se>* =
 & f9d human bones at ! spot %e _h      
indicat$ to u z an anci5t burial-place  
or ! spot :]e a lone w>rior _h fall54 ,(
 c\rse1 ! outw>d signs ( burial _h be5  
long s9ce oblit]at$4  ,! ,scot* w\ld    
c]ta9ly h decl>$ t %e _h ! 8second      
sight10 = %e _h o!r rem>kable           
premonitions or intuitions )9 my own    
recollection4 ,i h he>d h] speak ( a    
peculi> s5sation 9 ! brea/1 by :i*1 z %e
 said1 %e 0 advis$ ( any?+ ( importance 

conc]n+ h] abs5t *ildr54 ,o!r native    
wom5 h claim$ a simil> monitor1 b ,i    
nev] he>d ( "o :o c\ld int]pret x ) su* 
accuracy4 ,we 7 once camp+ on ,lake     
,manitoba :5 we receiv$ news t my uncle 
& 8 family _h be5 murd]$ sev]al weeks   
be=e1 at a =t "s two hundr$ miles       
di/ant4 ,:ile all our clan 7 wail+ &    
m\rn+ _! loss1 my gr&mo!r calmly bade !m
 cease1 say+ t h] son 0 approa*+1 & t !y
 w\ld see him %ortly4 ,al?\gh we _h no  
o!r reason to d\bt ! ill tid+s1 x is a  
fact t my uncle came into camp two days 
aft] 8 report$ dea?4  ,at ano!r "t1 :5  
,i 0 f\rte5 ye>s old1 we _h j left ,=t  
,ellis on ! ,ass9ibo9e ,riv]1 & my      
y\nge/ uncle _h select$ a f9e spot = our
 night camp4 ,x 0 already aft] sund[n1 b
 my gr&mo!r became unacc\ntably n]v\s1 &
 positively refus$ to pit* h] t5t4 ,s we
 reluctantly w5t on d[n ! riv]1 & camp$ 
aft] d>k at a seclud$ place4 ,! next day
 we le>n$ t a family :o 7 foll[+ close  
beh9d _h /opp$ at ! place fir/ select$  
by my uncle1 b 7 surpris$ 9 ! night by a

 rov+ w>-p>ty1 & massacr$ to a man4 ,?is
 incid5t made a great impression ^u our 
p4  ,_m ( ! ,indians believ$ t "o may be
 born m ?an once1 & !re 7 "s :o claim$  
to h full k ( a =m] inc>nation4 ,!re 7  
also ^? :o held conv]se ) a 8tw9 _s10 :o
 _h be5 born into ano!r tribe or race4  
,!re 0 a well-kn[n ,si\x w>-prophet :o  
liv$ 9 ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury1 s t he  
is /ill rememb]$ by ! old m5 ( 8 b&4    
,aft] he _h rea*$ middle age1 he decl>$ 
t he _h a _s bro!r among ! ,ojibways1 ! 
ance/ral enemies ( ! ,si\x4 ,he ev5 nam$
 ! b& to :i* 8 bro!r belong$1 & said t  
he also 0 a w>-prophet among 8 p4  ,^u  
"o ( _! hunts along ! bord] betwe5 ! two
 tribes1 ! ,si\x lead] "o ev5+ call$ 8  
w>riors toge!r1 & solemnly decl>$ to !m 
t !y 7 ab\t to meet a l b& ( ,ojibway   
hunt]s1 l$ by 8 _s tw94 ,s9ce ?is 0 to  
be _! fir/ meet+ s9ce !y 7 born z       
/rang]s1 he e>ne/ly begg$ ! "y m5 to    
resi/ ! temptation to jo9 battle ) _!   
tribal foes4  8,y w "k him at once10 !  
prophet said to !m1 8= he w n only look 

l me 9 face & =m1 b he w display ! same 
totem1 & ev5 s+ my w> songs60  ,!y s5t  
out sc\ts1 :o soon return$ ) news ( !   
approa*+ p>ty4 ,!n ! lead+ m5 />t$ ) _! 
peace-pipe = ! ,ojibway camp1 & :5 !y 7 
ne> at h& !y fir$ ?ree di/9ct volleys1 a
 signal ( _! desire = a peaceful meet+4 
,! response came 9 l mann]1 & !y ent]$ !
 camp1 ) ! peace-pipe 9 ! h&s ( !       
prophet4  ,lo1 ! /rang] prophet advanc$ 
to meet !m1 & ! p 7 greatly /ruck ) !   
resemblance betwe5 ! two m51 :o met &   
embrac$ "o ano!r ) unusual f]vor4  ,x 0 
quickly agre$ by bo? p>ties t !y %\ld   
camp toge!r = sev]al days1 & "o ev5+ !  
,si\x made a 8w>riors' fea/0  to :i* !y 
invit$ _m ( ! ,ojibways4 ,! prophet ask$
 8 tw9 bro!r to s+ "o ( 8 sacr$ songs1 &
 behold6 x 0 ! v song t he himself 0    
wont to s+4 ,?is prov$ to ! w>riors     
beyond d\bt or cavil ! claims ( _! se]4