,,the ,,story ,,of ,,our ,,hymns by ,,ernest ,,edwin ,,ryden ,pastor of ,gloria ,dei ,lutheran ,church ,st4 ,paul1 ,minnesota ,augustana ,book ,concern ,rock ,island1 ,illinois ,copyright #aicj by ,augustana ,book ,concern ,first ,edition1 ,december1 #aicj ,second ,edition1 ,april1 #aica ,augustana ,book ,concern ,rock ,island1 ,illinois ,to the ,sweet ,memory of ,our ,bonnie ,boy ,richard ,edward ,ryden ,who at the ,age of ,ten ,years ,went ,home to ,sing with the ,angels4 ,he is not dead3 he only sleeps1 ,safe in the arms of ,him who keeps ,his lambs secure from earth's alarm1 ,from grief and sin and foes that harm4 ,he is not dead3 he is at rest1 ,content upon his ,saviour's breast2 ,dear little child1 we loved you so1 ,but ,jesus loved you more1 we know4 ,he is not dead3 the ,shepherd came ,to call ,his little lamb by name2 ,the gentle ,shepherd watch will keep1 ,while ,his beloved child doth sleep4 ,he is not dead3 by angel bands ,now welcomed to the heavenly lands1 ,with theirs a childish voice shall sing ,hosannas to the children's ,king4 ,he is not dead3 though tears may flow1 ,faith whispers3 ,it is better so4 ,with joy we'll meet on that fair shore1 ,where ,god's own children weep no more4 ,,foreword ,the hymn lore of the ,christian ,church offers a fascinating field for profitable research and study4 ,to know the hymns of the ,church is to know something of the spiritual strivings and achievements of the people of ,god throughout the centuries4 ,henry ,ward ,beecher has well said3 ,hymns are the jewels which the ,church has worn1 the pearls1 the diamonds1 the precious stones1 formed into amulets more potent against sorrow and sadness than the most famous charm of the wizard or the magician4 ,and he who knows the way that hymns flowed1 knows where the blood of true piety ran1 and can trace its veins and arteries to the very heart4 ,this volume has been inspired by a desire on the part of the author to create deeper love for the great lyrics of the ,christian ,church4 ,in pursuing this purpose an effort has been made to present such facts and circumstances surrounding their authorship and composition as will result in a better understanding and appreciation of the hymns themselves4 ,a hymn is a child of the age in which it was written4 ,for this reason the author has followed a chronological arrangement in an endeavor1 not only to set forth the historical background of the hymns1 but also to trace the spiritual movements within the ,church that gave them birth4 ,the materials contained in this volume have been gathered from sources too numerous to mention here4 ,the author feels a special sense of gratitude for information drawn from ,david ,r4 ,breed's ,the ,history and ,use of ,hymns and ,hymn-,tunes1 ,edward ,s4 ,ninde's ,the ,story of the ,american ,hymn1 and ,john ,julian's monumental work1 ,dictionary of ,hymnology4 ,no claim is made to originality1 except in the manner of presentation and interpretation4 ,a popular style has been adopted in order to appeal to the lay reader4 ,thus we send forth this book with the earnest prayer that it may inspire many hearts to sing with greater devotion the praises of ,him who redeemed us with ,his blood and made us to be kings and priests unto ,god4 ,ernest ,edwin ,ryden4 ,st4 ,paul1 ,minnesota1 ,november #ad1 #aicj4 ,,table ,,of ,,contents ,,part ,i3 ,,early ,,christian ,,hymnody ,the ,early ,christian ,chants #ac ,greek and ,syriac ,hymns #ai ,the ,rise of ,latin ,hymnody #be ,an ,ancient ,singer ,who ,glorified the ,cross #ca ,the ,golden ,age of ,latin ,hymnody #ce ,,part ,,ii3 ,,german ,,hymnody ,martin ,luther1 ,father of ,evangelical ,hymnody #dc ,the ,hymn-,writers of the ,reformation #ec ,hymnody of the ,controversial ,period #ei ,the ,king and ,queen of ,chorales #fe ,hymns of the ,thirty ,years' ,war #fi ,a ,hymn ,made ,famous on a ,battle ,field #gg ,the ,lutheran ,te ,deum #ha ,paul ,gerhardt1 ,prince of ,lutheran ,hymnists #he ,joachim ,neander1 the ,paul ,gerhardt of the ,calvinists #ic ,a ,roman ,mystic and ,hymn-writer #ii ,hymn-writers of the ,pietist ,school #ajc ,the ,wuerttemberg ,hymn-writers #aaa ,how a ,great ,organist ,inspired ,two ,hymnists #aag ,gerhard ,tersteegen1 ,hymn-writer and ,mystic #abc ,zinzendorf and ,moravian ,hymnody #abg ,two ,famous ,hymns and some ,legends #aca ,hymnody in the ,age of ,rationalism #ace ,hymns of the ,spiritual ,renaissance #ada ,,part ,,iii3 ,,scandinavian ,,hymnody ,the ,swedish ,reformers and ,their ,hymns #adi ,a ,hymn-,book ,that ,failed #aee ,david's ,harp in the ,northland #afa ,the ,golden ,age of ,swedish ,hymnody #afi ,the ,fanny ,crosby of ,sweden and the ,pietists #agg ,kingo1 the ,poet of ,easter-,tide #ahe ,brorson1 the ,poet of ,christmas #aia ,grundtvig1 the ,poet of ,whitsuntide #aig ,landstad1 a ,bard of the ,frozen ,fjords #bjc ,,part ,,iv3 ,,english ,,hymnody ,the ,dawn of ,hymnody in ,england #bji ,isaac ,watts1 ,father of ,english ,hymnody #bae ,doddridge3 ,preacher1 ,teacher1 and ,hymnist #bba ,wesley1 ,the ,sweet ,bard of ,methodism #bbe ,a ,great ,hymn that ,grew out of a ,quarrel #bcc ,the ,bird of a ,single ,song #bci ,england's ,first ,woman ,hymnist #bde ,a ,slave-trader ,who ,wrote ,christian ,lyrics #bdi ,an ,afflicted ,poet ,who ,glorified ,god #bec ,an ,irish ,poet and ,his ,hymns #bei ,the ,hymn ,legacy of an ,english ,editor #bfc ,heber1 ,missionary ,bishop and ,hymnist #bfi ,an ,invalid ,who ,blessed the ,world #bge ,how ,hymns ,helped ,build a ,church #bgi ,a ,famous ,hymn by a ,proselyte of ,rome #bhe ,henry ,francis ,lyte and ,his ,swan ,song #bia ,sarah ,adams and the ,rise of ,women ,hymn-writers #big ,a ,hymn ,written in a ,stage-coach #cja ,an ,archbishop's ,wife ,who ,wrote ,hymns #cje ,bonar1 the ,sweet ,singer of ,scotland #caa ,two ,famous ,translators of ,ancient ,hymns #cag ,baring-,gould and ,his ,noted ,hymn #cbc ,frances ,ridley ,havergal1 the ,consecration ,poet #cbg ,a ,unitarian ,who ,gloried in the ,cross #ccc ,a ,model ,hymn by a ,model ,minister #ccg ,matheson and ,his ,song in the ,night #cda ,part ,v3 ,,american ,,hymnody ,the ,beginning of ,hymnody in ,america #cdg ,america's ,first ,woman ,hymnist #cec ,thomas ,hastings1 ,poet and ,musician #cei ,francis ,scott ,key1 ,patriot and ,hymnist #cfc ,america's ,first ,poet and ,his ,hymns #cfg ,the ,hymn-writer of the ,muhlenbergs #cga ,the ,lyrics of ,bishop ,doane #cge ,the ,quaker ,poet as a ,hymn-writer #cgi ,america's ,greatest ,hymn and ,its ,author #chc ,samuel ,smith1 a ,patriotic ,hymn-writer #chi ,two ,famous ,christmas ,hymns and ,their ,author #cie ,harriet ,beecher ,stowe and ,her ,hymns #cii ,a ,hymn ,written on ,two ,shores #djg ,a ,hymn ,that ,grew out of ,suffering #daa ,a ,famous ,hymn ,written for ,sailors #dae ,a ,tragedy ,that ,inspired a ,great ,hymn #dai ,anna ,warner and ,her ,beautiful ,hymns #dbc ,phillips ,brooks and ,his ,carols #dbg ,women ,who ,wrote ,hymns for ,children #dca ,fanny ,crosby1 ,america's ,blind ,poet #dce ,one of ,america's ,earliest ,gospel ,singers #dda ,the ,lyrist of ,chautauqua #dde ,gladden's ,hymn of ,christian ,service #ddi ,a ,hymn with a ,modern ,message #dec ,a ,lutheran ,psalmist of ,today #deg ,survey of ,american ,lutheran ,hymnody #dfc ,index of ,notable ,hymns #dga ,alphabetical ,index of ,hymns and ,sources #dgg ,authors' and ,general ,index #dic ,bibliography #ejc ,,part ,i ,early ,christian ,hymnody ,the ,angelic ,hymn ,glory be to ,god on high1 and on earth peace1 good will toward men4 ,we praise ,thee1 we bless ,thee1 we worship ,thee1 we glorify ,thee1 we give thanks to ,thee for ,thy great glory1 ,o ,lord ,god1 ,heavenly ,king1 ,god the ,father ,almighty4 ,o ,lord1 the ,only-begotten ,son1 ,jesus ,christ2 ,o ,lord ,god1 ,lamb of ,god1 ,son of the ,father1 that takest away the sin of the world1 have mercy upon us4 ,thou that takest away the sin of the world1 receive our prayer4 ,thou that sittest at the right hand of ,god the ,father1 have mercy upon us4 ,for ,thou only art holy2 ,thou only art the ,lord2 ,thou only1 ,o ,christ1 with the ,holy ,ghost1 art most high in the glory of ,god the ,father4 ,amen4 ,,the ,,early ,,christian ,,chants ,the first ,christians sang hymns4 ,the ,saviour went to ,his passion with a song on ,his lips4 ,matthew and ,mark agree that the last act of worship in the ,upper ,room was the singing of a hymn4 ,and when they had sung a hymn1 they went out unto the ,mount of ,olives4 ,how we wish that the words of that hymn might have been preserved6 ,perhaps they have4 ,many ,biblical scholars believe that they may be found in the so-called ,hallel series in the ,psaltery1 consisting of ,psalms #aac to #aah inclusive4 ,it was a practice among the ,jews to chant these holy songs at the paschal table4 ,fraught as they were with ,messianic hope1 it was fitting that such a hymn should ascend to the skies in the hour when ,god's ,paschal ,lamb was about to be offered4 ,the ,christian ,church followed the example of ,jesus and ,his disciples by singing from the ,psaltery at its worship4 ,paul admonished his converts not to neglect the gift of song4 ,to the ,ephesians he wrote3 ,be filled with the ,spirit2 speaking one to another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs1 singing and making melody with your heart to the ,lord4 ,and his exhortation to the ,colossians rings like an echo3 ,let the word of ,christ dwell in you richly2 in all wisdom teaching and admonishing one another with psalms and hymns and spiritual songs1 singing with grace in your hearts unto ,god4 ,the praying and singing of ,paul and ,silas in the midnight gloom of the ,philippian dungeon1 their feet being made fast in the stocks1 also is a revelation of the large place occupied by song in the lives of the early ,christians4 ,the double reference of the ,apostle to psalms1 hymns and spiritual songs would indicate that the ,christian ,church very early began to use chants and hymns other than those taken from the ,psaltery4 ,the younger ,pliny1 in #aab ,a4,d41 wrote to ,emperor ,trajan from ,bithynia that the ,christians came together before daylight and sang hymns alternately 7invicem7 to ,christ as ,god4 ,these distinctively ,christian chants were the ,gloria in ,excelsis1 or the ,angelic ,hymn1 so called because its opening lines are taken from the song of the angels at ,jesus' birth2 the ,magnificat1 ,mary's song of praise2 the ,benedictus1 the song of ,zacharias1 father of ,john the ,baptist2 and the ,nunc ,dimittis1 the prayer of the aged ,simeon when he held the ,christ-child in his arms4 ,other chants that were used very early in the ,christian ,church included the ,ter ,sanctus1 based on the thrice holy of ,isaiah #f3c and ,revelation #d3h2 the ,gloria ,patri1 or ,lesser ,doxology2 the ,benedicite1 the ,song of the ,three ,hebrew ,children1 from the ,apocrypha2 and the ,te ,deum ,laudamus1 which is sometimes regarded as a later ,latin chant1 but which undoubtedly was derived from a very ancient hymn of praise4 ,eminent ,biblical scholars believe that fragments of other primitive ,christian hymns have been preserved in the ,epistles of ,paul and in other portions of the ,new ,testament4 ,such a fragment is believed to be recorded in #a ,timothy #c3af3 ,he who was manifested in the flesh1 ,justified in the spirit1 ,seen of angels1 ,preached among the nations1 ,believed on in the world1 ,received up in glory4 ,the faithful saying to which ,paul refers in #b ,timothy #b3aa also is believed to be a quotation from one of these hymns so dear to the ,christians3 ,if we died with ,him1 ,we shall also live with ,him3 ,if we endure1 ,we shall also reign with ,him3 ,if we shall deny ,him1 ,he will also deny us3 ,if we are faithless1 ,he abideth faithful2 ,for ,he cannot deny ,himself4 ,it will be noted how well these passages adapt themselves to responsive1 or antiphonal1 chanting1 which was the character of the ancient ,christian songs4 ,other passages that are believed to be fragments of ancient hymns are ,ephesians #e3ad2 #a ,timothy #f3ae1 #af2 ,james #a3ag1 and ,revelation #a3e-g4 ,there are strong evidences to support the claim that responsive singing in the churches of ,asia ,minor was introduced during the latter part of the first century by ,ignatius1 bishop of ,antioch1 a pupil of the ,apostle ,john4 ,the ,gloria in ,excelsis was used in matin services about this time1 while the ,magnificat was sung at vespers4 ,ignatius suffered martyrdom about #ajg ,a4,d4 by being torn to pieces by lions in the circus as a despiser of the gods4 ,liturgies also were employed very early in the worship of the ,christian ,church4 ,an ancient service known as the ,jerusalem liturgy was ascribed to the ,apostle ,james1 while the so-called ,alexandrian liturgy claimed as its author ,mark1 fellow laborer of ,paul and companion of ,peter4 ,there is much uncertainty surrounding these claims1 however4 ,both ,tertullian and ,origen record the fact that there was a rich use of song in family life as well as in public worship4 ,the singing of the early ,christians was simple and artless4 ,augustine describes the singing at ,alexandria under ,athanasius as more like speaking than singing4 ,musical instruments were not used4 ,the pipe1 tabret1 and harp were associated so intimately with the sensuous heathen cults1 as well as with the wild revelries and shameless performances of the degenerate theatre and circus1 that it is easy to understand the prejudice against their use in the ,christian worship4 ,a ,christian maiden1 says ,jerome1 ought not even to know what a lyre or a flute is1 or what it is used for4 ,clement of ,alexandria writes3 ,only one instrument do we use1 viz41 the word of peace wherewith we honor ,god1 no longer the old psaltery1 trumpet1 drum1 and flute4 ,chrysostom expresses himself in like vein3 ,david formerly sang in psalms1 also we sing today with him2 he had a lyre with lifeless strings1 the ,church has a lyre with living strings4 ,our tongues are the strings of the lyre1 with a different tone1 indeed1 but with a more accordant piety4 ,the language of the first ,christian hymns1 like the language of the ,new ,testament1 was ,greek4 ,the ,syriac tongue was also used in some regions1 but ,greek gradually attained ascendancy4 ,the hymns of the ,eastern ,church are rich in adoration and the spirit of worship4 ,because of their exalted character and ,scriptural language they have found an imperishable place in the liturgical forms of the ,christian ,church4 ,as types of true hymnody1 they have never been surpassed4 ,the ,oldest ,christian ,hymn ,shepherd of tender youth1 ,guiding in love and truth ,through devious ways2 ,christ1 our triumphant ,king1 ,we come ,thy ,name to sing1 ,and here our children bring ,to join ,thy praise4 ,thou art our holy ,lord1 ,o all-subduing ,word1 ,healer of strife3 ,thou didst ,thyself abase1 ,that from sin's deep disgrace ,thou mightest save our race1 ,and give us life4 ,ever be near our side1 ,our ,shepherd and our ,guide1 ,our staff and song3 ,jesus1 ,thou ,christ of ,god1 ,by ,thine enduring ,word1 ,lead us where ,thou hast trod2 ,our faith make strong4 ,so now1 and till we die1 ,sound we ,thy praises high1 ,and joyful sing3 ,let all the holy throng ,who to ,thy ,church belong ,unite to swell the song ,to ,christ our ,king6 ,clement of ,alexandria1 about #bjj ,a4,d4 ,,greek ,,and ,,syriac ,,hymns ,very soon the early ,christians began to use hymns other than the ,psalms and ,scriptural chants4 ,in other words1 they began to sing the praises of the ,lord in their own words4 ,eusebius informs us that in the first half of the third century there existed a large number of sacred songs4 ,some of these have come down to us1 but the authorship of only one is known with any degree of certainty4 ,it is the beautiful children's hymn1 ,shepherd of ,tender ,youth4 ,just how old this hymn is cannot be stated with certainty4 ,however1 it is found appended to a very ancient ,christian work entitled ,the ,tutor1 written in ,greek by ,clement of ,alexandria4 ,clement1 whose real name was ,titus ,flavius ,clemens1 was born about #agj ,a4,d4 ,he was one of the first great scholars in the ,christian ,church4 ,an eager seeker after truth1 he studied the religions and philosophical systems of the ,greeks1 the ,assyrians1 ,egyptians1 and ,jews4 ,in the course of time he entered the ,catechetical ,school conducted by ,pantaenus at ,alexandria1 ,egypt1 and there he became a convert to ,christianity4 ,some years later ,clement himself became the head of the institution1 which was the first ,christian school of its kind in the world4 ,among the students who received instruction from ,clement was the famous ,origen1 who became the greatest scholar in the ancient ,christian church4 ,another of his pupils was ,alexander1 afterwards ,bishop of ,jerusalem1 and still later ,bishop of ,cappadocia4 ,one of ,clement's most celebrated works was ,the ,tutor4 ,it was in three volumes4 ,the first book described the ,tutor1 who is ,christ ,himself2 the second book contained sundry directions concerning the daily life and conduct2 and the third1 after dwelling on the nature of true beauty1 condemned extravagance in dress1 on the part of both men and women4 ,two poems are appended to this work1 the first of which is entitled1 ,a ,hymn to the ,saviour4 ,this is the hymn known as ,shepherd of tender youth4 ,the ,hymn to the ,saviour in all the manuscripts in which it is found is attributed to ,clement himself1 but some critics believe that he was merely quoting it1 and that it was written by a still earlier poet4 ,be that as it may1 we do know that1 aside from the hymns derived from the ,bible1 it is the oldest ,christian hymn in existence1 and it has always been referred to as ,clement's hymn4 ,clement was driven from ,alexandria during the persecution of ,severus in #bjb ,a4,d4 ,of his subsequent history practically nothing is known4 ,it is believed he died about #bbj ,a4,d4 ,a number of other beautiful ,greek hymns have come down to us from the same period1 but their date and authorship remain in doubt4 ,longfellow has given us an exquisite translation of one of these in ,the ,golden ,legend3 ,o ,gladsome ,light ,of the ,father immortal1 ,and of the celestial ,sacred and blessed ,jesus1 our ,saviour6 ,now to the sunset ,again hast ,thou brought us2 ,and seeing the evening ,twilight1 we bless ,thee1 ,praise ,thee1 adore ,thee1 ,father omnipotent6 ,son1 the ,life-giver6 ,spirit1 the ,comforter6 ,worthy at all times ,of worship and wonder6 ,an inspiring little doxology1 also by an unknown author1 reads3 ,my hope is ,god1 ,my refuge is the ,lord1 ,my shelter is the ,holy ,ghost2 ,be ,thou1 ,o ,holy ,three1 adored6 ,doctrinal controversies gave the first real impetus to hymn writing in the ,eastern church4 ,as early as the second century1 ,bardesanes1 a ,gnostic teacher1 had beguiled many to adopt his heresy by the charm of his hymns and melodies4 ,his son1 ,harmonius1 followed in the father's footsteps4 ,their hymns were written in the ,syriac language1 and only a few fragments have been preserved4 ,the ,arians and other heretical teachers also seized upon the same method to spread their doctrines4 ,it was not until the fourth century1 apparently1 that any effort was made by orthodox ,christians to meet them with their own weapons4 ,ephrem ,syrus1 who has been called the cithern of the ,holy ,spirit1 was the greatest teacher of his time in the ,syrian ,church1 as well as her most gifted hymnist4 ,this unusual man was born in northern ,mesopotamia about #cjg ,a4,d4 ,his zeal for orthodox ,christianity was no doubt kindled by his presence at the ,council of ,nicaea in #cbe ,a4,d41 and thenceforth he was ever an eager champion of the faith4 ,not only did he write hymns and chants1 but he trained large choirs to sing them4 ,he exerted a profound influence over the entire ,syrian ,church1 and even today his hymns are used by the ,maronite ,christians4 ,the greatest name among the ,greek hymnists of this period is ,gregory ,nazianzen4 ,born in #cbe ,a4,d41 the son of a bishop1 he was compelled by his father to enter the priesthood at the age of thirty-six years4 ,he labored with much zeal1 however1 and eventually was enthroned by the ,emperor's own hand as ,patriarch of ,constantinople4 ,through the machinations of the ,arians he was later compelled to abdicate his office1 whereupon he retired to his birthplace4 ,here he spent the last years of his life in writing sacred poetry of singular beauty and lofty spirit4 ,another of the important writers of the early ,greek period was ,anatolius4 ,concerning this man very little is known except that he lived in the seventh or eighth century4 ,he has left about one hundred hymns1 among them1 at least three that are still in common use1 ,fierce was the wild billow1 ,the day is past and over1 and ,a great and mighty wonder4 ,this last is a little ,christmas hymn of unusual charm4 ,his description of the storm of ,galilee is one of the classics of ,greek hymnology3 ,fierce was the wild billow1 ,dark was the night2 ,oars labored heavily1 ,foam glimmered white2 ,trembled the mariners1 ,peril was nigh2 ,then said the ,god of ,god1 ,peace6 ,it is ,i4 ,to ,john of ,damascus1 who died about #ghj ,a4,d41 we are indebted for two of the most popular ,easter hymns in use today1 namely1 ,the day of resurrection and ,come1 ye faithful1 raise the strain4 ,further reference to these will be found in the chapter on the great translator of ,greek and ,latin hymns1 ,john ,mason ,neale4 ,when ,john of ,damascus forsook the world and left behind him a brilliant career to enter a monastery founded in #ebj ,a4,d41 by ,st4 ,sabas1 he took with him his ten-year-old nephew1 ,stephen4 ,the boy grew up within the walls of this cloister1 which is situated in one of the deep gorges of the brook ,kedron1 near ,bethlehem1 overlooking the ,dead ,sea4 ,stephen1 who came to be known as the ,sabaite1 was likewise a gifted hymnist1 and it is he who has given us the hymn made famous by ,neale's translation3 ,art thou weary1 art thou languid8 ,stephen died in #gid ,a4,d4 ,the last name of importance among the great hymn-writers of the ,greek ,church is that of ,joseph the ,hymnographer1 who lived at ,constantinople in the ninth century4 ,it is he who wrote the hymn on angels for ,st4 ,michael's ,day3 ,stars of the morning1 so gloriously bright1 ,filled with celestial resplendence and light1 ,these that1 where night never followeth day1 ,raise the ,thrice ,holy1 ,lord6 ever and aye4 ,as early as the fourth century the ,council of ,laodicea had decreed that besides the appointed singers1 who mount the ambo1 and sing from the book1 others shall not sing in the church4 ,how far this rule may have discouraged or suppressed congregational singing is a subject of dispute among historians4 ,however1 it is a matter of record that hymnody suffered a gradual decline in the ,eastern division of the ,christian ,church and eventually assumed more of a liturgical character4 ,an ,ambrosian ,advent ,hymn ,come1 ,thou ,saviour of our race1 ,choicest ,gift of heavenly grace6 ,o ,thou blessed ,virgin's ,son1 ,be ,thy race on earth begun4 ,not of mortal blood or birth1 ,he descends from heaven to earth3 ,by the ,holy ,ghost conceived1 ,god and man by us believed4 ,wondrous birth6 ,o wondrous child ,of the virgin undefiled6 ,though by all the world disowned1 ,still to be in heaven enthroned4 ,from the ,father forth ,he came1 ,and returneth to the same2 ,captive leading death and hell-- ,high the song of triumph swell6 ,equal to the ,father now1 ,though to dust ,thou once didst bow1 ,boundless shall ,thy kingdom be2 ,when shall we its glories see8 ,brightly doth ,thy manger shine6 ,glorious in its light divine3 ,let not sin o'ercloud this light1 ,ever be our faith thus bright4 ,aurelius ,ambrose 7#cdj-cig ,a4,d47 ,,the ,,rise ,,of ,,latin ,,hymnody ,the first hymns and canticles used in the ,western churches came from the ,east4 ,they were sung in their original ,greek form4 ,it was not until the beginning of the fourth century that any record of ,latin hymns is found4 ,isadore of ,seville1 who died in the year #fcf ,a4,d41 tells us that ,hilary of ,gaul1 bishop of ,poitiers1 was the first who flourished in composing hymns in verse4 ,hilary1 who died in the year #cfh1 himself records the fact that he brought some of them from the ,east4 ,his most famous ,latin hymn is ,lucis largitor splendide4 ,the father of ,latin hymnody1 however1 was the great church father1 ,aurelius ,ambrose1 bishop of ,milan4 ,it was he who taught the ,western ,church to glorify ,god in song4 ,concerning this remarkable bishop1 ,mabillon writes3 ,st4 ,ambrose took care that1 after the manner of the ,eastern ,fathers1 psalms and hymns should be sung by the people also1 when previously they had only been recited by individuals singly1 and among the ,italians by clerks only4 ,the father of ,ambrose was prefect of the ,gauls1 and it is believed that the future bishop was born at ,treves about #cdj ,a4,d4 ,the youthful ,ambrose1 like his father1 was trained for government service1 and in #cgd ,a4,d4 he was appointed ,consular of ,liguria and ,aemilia4 ,during the election of a bishop in ,milan1 a bitter conflict raged between the orthodox ,christians and the ,arians1 and ,ambrose found it necessary to attend the church where the election was taking place in order to calm the excited assembly4 ,according to tradition1 a child's voice was heard to cry out in the church1 ,ambrosius6 ,this was accepted at once by the multitude as an act of divine guidance and the whole assembly began shouting1 ,ambrose shall be our bishop6 ,ambrose had been attracted to the ,christian religion but as yet had not received baptism4 ,he therefore protested his election and immediately fled from the city4 ,he was induced to return1 however1 was baptized1 and accepted the high office for which he had been chosen4 ,the story of his subsequent life is one of the most remarkable chapters in the annals of the early ,christian ,church4 ,selling all his possessions1 he entered upon the duties of his bishopric with such fervent zeal and untiring devotion that his fame spread far and wide4 ,he early recognized the value of music in church worship and immediately took steps to introduce congregational singing4 ,he was the author of a new kind of church music1 which1 because of its rhythmical accent1 rich modulation1 and musical flow1 made a powerful appeal to the emotions4 ,withal1 because it was combined with such artless simplicity1 it was easily mastered by the common people and instantly sprang into great popularity4 ,by the introduction of responsive singing he also succeeded in securing the active participation of the congregation in the worship4 ,empress ,justina favored the ,arians and sought to induce ,ambrose to open the church of ,milan for their use4 ,when ,ambrose replied with dignity that it did not behoove the state to interfere in matters of doctrine1 soldiers were sent to enforce the imperial will4 ,the people of ,milan1 however1 rallied around their beloved bishop1 and1 when the soldiers surrounded the church1 ,ambrose and his congregation were singing and praying4 ,so tremendous was the effect of the song that the soldiers outside the church finally joined in the anthems4 ,the effort to compel ,ambrose to yield proved fruitless1 and the empress abandoned her plan4 ,augustine1 who later became the most famous convert of ,ambrose1 tells of the great impression made on his soul when he heard the singing of ,ambrose and his congregation4 ,in his ,confessions he writes3 ,how mightily ,i was moved by the overwhelming tones of ,thy ,church1 my ,god6 ,thy voices flooded my ears1 ,thy truth melted my heart1 the sacred fires of worship were kindled in my soul1 my tears flowed1 and a foretaste of the joy of salvation was given me4 ,ambrose himself has left us this testimony3 ,they say that people are transported by the singing of my hymns1 and ,i confess that it is true4 ,ambrose was no respecter of persons4 ,although he was a warm friend of the ,emperor ,theodosius1 he denounced the latter's cruel massacre of the people of ,thessalonica1 and1 when ,theodosius came to the church of ,ambrose to worship1 he was met at the door by the brave bishop and denied admittance4 ,do you1 he cried1 who have been guilty of shedding innocent blood1 dare to enter the sanctuary8 ,the emperor for eight months refrained from communion2 then he applied for absolution1 which was granted him after he had done public penance4 ,he also promised in the future never to execute a death sentence within thirty days of its pronouncement4 ,it was at ,milan that the pious ,monica experienced the joy of seeing her tears and prayers answered in the conversion of her famous son1 ,augustine4 ,the latter1 who had come to ,milan in the year #chd as a teacher of oratory1 was attracted at first by the eloquence of ,ambrose's preaching4 ,it was not long1 however1 before the ,word of ,god began to grip the heart of the skeptical1 sensual youth4 ,at length he was induced to begin anew the study of the ,scripture1 and his conversion followed4 ,it was on ,easter ,sunday1 #chg ,a4,d41 that he received the rite of holy baptism at the hands of ,bishop ,ambrose4 ,there is a beautiful tradition that the ,te ,deum ,laudamus was composed under inspiration and recited alternately by ,ambrose and ,augustine immediately after the latter had been baptized4 ,however1 there is little to substantiate this legend1 and it is more likely that the magnificent hymn of praise was a compilation of a later date1 based on a very ancient ,greek version4 ,as ,athanasius was the defender of the doctrine of the ,trinity in the ,east1 so ,ambrose was its champion in the ,west4 ,it is natural1 therefore1 that many of the hymns of ,ambrose center around the deity of ,christ4 ,there are at least twelve ,latin hymns that can be ascribed with certainty to him4 ,perhaps his best hymn is ,veni1 ,redemptor gentium1 which ,luther prized very highly and which was one of the first he translated into ,german4 ,the ,english translation1 ,come1 ,thou ,saviour of our race1 is by ,william ,r4 ,reynolds4 ,another ,advent hymn1 ,now hail we our ,redeemer1 is sometimes ascribed to ,ambrose4 ,the beloved bishop1 whose life had been so stormy1 passed peacefully to rest on ,easter evening1 #cig ,a4,d4 ,thus was seemingly granted beautiful fulfilment to the prayer ,ambrose utters in one of his hymns3 ,grant to life's day a calm unclouded ending1 ,an eve untouched by shadows of decay1 ,the brightness of a holy deathbed blending ,with dawning glories of the eternal day4 ,while ,ambrose was defending the faith and inditing sacred songs at ,milan1 another richly-endowed poet was writing sublime ,latin verse far to the ,west4 ,he was ,aurelius ,clemens ,prudentius1 the great ,spanish hymnist4 ,of his personal history we know little except that he was born #cdh ,a4,d4 in northern ,spain1 probably at ,saragossa4 ,in early life he occupied important positions of state1 but in his latter years he retired to a monastery4 ,here he exercised his high poetic gifts in writing a series of sacred ,latin poems4 ,he was preeminently the poet of the martyrs1 never ceasing to extol their ,christian faith and fortitude4 ,bentley called ,prudentius the ,horace of the ,christians4 ,rudelbach declared that his poetry is like gold set with precious stones1 and ,luther expressed the desire that the works of ,prudentius should be studied in the schools4 ,the finest funeral hymn ever written has come to us from the pen of this early ,spanish bard4 ,it consists of forty-four verses1 and begins with the line1 ,deus ignee fons animarum4 ,it is sometimes referred to as the song of the catacombs4 ,archbishop ,trench of ,england called this hymn the crowning glory of the poetry of ,prudentius1 and another archbishop1 ,johan ,olof ,wallin1 the great hymnist of ,sweden1 made four different attempts at translating it before he produced the hymn now regarded as one of the choicest gems in the ,psalm-book of his native land4 ,an ,english version1 derived from the longer poem1 begins with the stanza3 ,despair not1 ,o heart1 in thy sorrow1 ,but hope from ,god's promises borrow2 ,beware1 in thy sorrow1 of sinning1 ,for death is of life the beginning4 ,a ,prophetic ,easter ,hymn ,welcome1 happy morning6 age to age shall say1 ,hell today is vanquished1 heaven is won today4 ,lo1 the ,dead is living1 ,god for evermore6 ,him1 their true ,creator1 all ,his works adore4 ,welcome1 happy morning6 age to age shall say4 ,maker and ,redeemer1 ,life and ,health of all1 ,thou from heaven beholding human nature's fall1 ,thou of ,god the ,father1 true and only ,son1 ,manhood to deliver1 manhood didst put on4 ,hell today is vanquished2 heaven is won today6 ,thou1 of life the ,author1 death didst undergo1 ,tread the path of darkness1 saving strength to show2 ,come then1 ,true and ,faithful1 now fulfil ,thy word2 ',tis ,thine own third morning3 rise1 ,o buried ,lord6 ,welcome1 happy morning6 age to age shall say4 ,loose the souls long prisoned1 bound with ,satan's chain2 ,all that now is fallen raise to life again2 ,show ,thy face in brightness1 bid the nations see2 ,bring again our daylight2 day returns with ,thee6 ,welcome1 happy morning6 ,heaven is won today6 ,venantius ,fortunatus 7#ecj-fji ,a4,d47 ,,an ,,ancient ,,singer ,,who ,,glorified ,,the ,,cross ,the joyous1 rhythmical church-song introduced by ,bishop ,ambrose made triumphant progress throughout the ,western ,church4 ,for three centuries it seems to have completely dominated the worship4 ,its rich melodies and native freshness made a strong appeal to the human emotions1 and therefore proved very popular with the people4 ,however1 when ,gregory the ,great in #eij ,a4,d4 ascended the papal chair a reaction had set in4 ,many of the ,ambrosian hymns and chants had become corrupted and secularized and therefore had lost their ecclesiastical dignity4 ,gregory1 to whose severe1 ascetic nature the bright and lively style of ,ambrosian singing must have seemed almost an abomination1 immediately took steps to reform the church music4 ,a school of music was founded in ,rome where the new ,gregorian liturgical style1 known as ,cantus ,romanus1 was taught4 ,the ,gregorian music was sung in unison4 ,it was slow1 uniform and measured1 without rhythm and beat1 and thus it approached the old recitative method of psalm singing4 ,while it is true that it raised the church music to a higher1 nobler and more dignified level1 its fatal defect lay in the fact that it could be rendered worthily only by trained choirs and singers4 ,congregational singing soon became a thing of the past4 ,the common people thenceforth became silent and passive worshipers1 and the congregational hymn was superseded by a clerical liturgy4 ,one of the last hymnists of the ,ambrosian school and the most important ,latin poet of the sixth century was ,venantius ,fortunatus1 bishop of ,poitiers4 ,he was born at ,ceneda1 near ,treviso1 about #ecj ,a4,d41 and was converted to ,christianity at an early age4 ,while a student at ,ravenna he almost became blind4 ,having regained his sight through what he regarded a miracle1 he made a pilgrimage to the shrine of ,st4 ,martin at ,tours1 and as a result of this journey the remainder of his life was spent in ,gaul4 ,although all of the poetry of ,fortunatus is not of the highest order1 he has bequeathed some magnificent hymns to the ,christian ,church4 ,no one has ever sung of the ,cross with such deep pathos and sublime tenderness3 ,faithful ,cross6 above all other1 ,one and only noble tree6 ,none in foliage1 none in blossom1 ,none in fruit thy peer may be2 ,sweetest wood and sweetest iron6 ,sweetest weight is hung on thee4 ,bend thy boughs1 ,o ,tree of ,glory6 ,thy relaxing sinews bend2 ,for awhile the ancient rigor ,that thy birth bestowed1 suspend2 ,and the ,king of heavenly beauty ,on thy bosom gently tend6 ,thou alone wast counted worthy ,this world's ,ransom to uphold2 ,for a shipwrecked race preparing ,harbor1 like the ,ark of old2 ,with the sacred blood anointed ,from the smitten ,lamb that rolled4 ,and again3 ,o ,tree of beauty1 ,tree of ,light6 ,o ,tree with royal purple dight6 ,elect on whose triumphal breast ,those holy limbs should find their rest3 ,on whose dear arms1 so widely flung1 ,the weight of this world's ,ransom hung3 ,the price of humankind to pay1 ,and spoil the spoiler of his prey4 ,fortunatus' famous ,passion hymn1 ,pange lingua glorioso1 is also the basis for the beautiful ,easter hymn3 ,praise the ,saviour ,now and ever6 ,praise ,him all beneath the skies6 ,prostrate lying1 ,suffering1 dying1 ,on the ,cross1 a ,sacrifice2 ,victory gaining1 ,life obtaining1 ,now in glory ,he doth rise4 ,another ,easter hymn1 ,welcome1 happy morning6 age to age shall say1 has a triumphant ring in its flowing lines4 ,his odes to ,ascension day and ,whitsunday are similar in character4 ,that ,fortunatus had a true evangelical conception of ,christ and ,his atonement may be seen in his well-known hymn1 ,lustra sex qui jam peregit3 ,holy ,jesus1 grant us grace ,in ,thy sacrifice to place ,all our trust for life renewed1 ,pardoned sin and promised good4 ,a ,tribute to the ,dying ,saviour ,o sacred ,head1 now wounded1 ,with grief and shame weighed down1 ,now scornfully surrounded1 ,with thorns ,thine only crown6 ,once reigning in the highest ,in light and majesty1 ,dishonored now ,thou diest1 ,yet here ,i worship ,thee4 ,how art ,thou pale with anguish1 ,with sore abuse and scorn6 ,how does that visage languish1 ,which once was bright as morn6 ,what ,thou1 my ,lord1 hast suffered1 ,was all for sinners' gain2 ,mine1 mine was the transgression1 ,but ,thine the deadly pain4 ,lo1 here ,i fall1 my ,saviour1 ',tis ,i deserve ,thy place3 ,look on me with ,thy favor1 ,vouchsafe to me ,thy grace4 ,receive me1 my ,redeemer2 ,my ,shepherd1 make me ,thine1 ,of every good the ,fountain1 ,thou art the ,spring of mine6 ,what language shall ,i borrow ,to thank ,thee1 dearest ,friend1 ,for this1 ,thy dying sorrow1 ,thy pity without end6 ,o make me ,thine forever1 ,and should ,i fainting be1 ,lord1 let me never1 never1 ,outlive my love to ,thee4 ,bernard of ,clairvaux 7#ajia-aaec ,a4,d47 ,,the ,,golden ,,age ,,of ,,latin ,,hymnody ,during the ,middle ,ages1 when evil days had fallen upon the ,church1 there was very little to inspire sacred song4 ,all over ,europe the ,gregorian chants1 sung in ,latin1 had crowded out congregational singing4 ,the barbarian languages were considered too crude for use in worship1 and much less were they regarded as worthy of being moulded into ,christian hymns4 ,religious poetry was almost invariably written in ,latin4 ,however1 in the midst of the spiritual decay and worldly depravity that characterized the age there were noble souls whose lives shone like bright stars in the surrounding darkness4 ,their sacred poetry1 a great deal of which was written for private devotion1 bears witness of their deep love for the ,saviour4 ,the beautiful ,palm ,sunday hymn1 ,all glory1 laud1 and honor1 was composed by ,bishop ,theodulph of ,orleans in a prison cell1 probably in the year #hba4 ,the immortal ,veni1 ,creator ,spiritus also dates from the same period1 being usually ascribed to ,rhabanus ,maurus1 archbishop of ,mainz1 who died in the year #hef4 ,the religious fervor inspired by the ,crusades1 which began in the year #ajih1 resulted in the production during the twelfth century of ,latin poetry of singular lyrical beauty4 ,this may be regarded as the golden age of ,latin hymnody4 ,it was during this period that the most touching of all ,good ,friday hymns1 ,o sacred ,head1 now wounded1 was written4 ,it is ascribed to ,bernard of ,clairvaux1 preacher of the ,second ,crusade1 and one of the most brilliant of ,latin hymn-writers4 ,although composed in the twelfth century1 the hymn did not achieve unusual fame until five centuries later1 when it was rendered into ,german by the greatest of all ,lutheran hymnists1 ,paul ,gerhardt4 ,lauxmann has well said3 ,bernard's original is powerful and searching1 but ,gerhardt's hymn is still more powerful and profound1 as re-drawn from the deeper spring of evangelical ,lutheran1 ,scriptural knowledge and fervency of faith4 ,gerhardt's version in turn was translated into ,english by ,james ,w4 ,alexander of ,princeton1 a ,presbyterian4 ,thus1 as ,dr4 ,philip ,schaff puts it3 ,this classic hymn has shown in three tongues--,latin1 ,german and ,english--and in three confessions--,roman1 ,lutheran and ,reformed--with equal effect the dying love of our ,saviour and our boundless indebtedness to ,him4 ,yet another ,lutheran1 none other than ,john ,sebastian ,bach1 high priest of church music1 has contributed to the fame of the hymn by giving the gripping tune to which it is sung its present form4 ,strangely enough1 this remarkable minor melody was originally a rather frivolous ,german folksong1 and was adapted by ,hans ,leo ,hassler in #afja to the hymn1 ,herzlich thut mich verlangen4 ,it was ,bach1 however1 who moulded the tune into the ,passion ,chorale1 one of the world's masterpieces of sacred music4 ,many touching stories have been recorded concerning this famous hymn4 ,in #agih1 when ,christian ,schwartz1 the great ,lutheran missionary to ,india1 lay dying1 his ,indian pupils gathered around his bed and sang in their own ,malabar tongue the last verses of the hymn1 ,schwartz himself joining in the singing till his voice was silenced in death4 ,of ,bernard of ,clairvaux1 the writer of the hymn1 volumes might be written4 ,luther paid him an eloquent tribute1 when he said3 ,if there has ever been a pious monk who feared ,god it was ,st4 ,bernard1 whom alone ,i hold in much higher esteem than all other monks and priests throughout the globe4 ,probably no preacher ever exerted a more profound influence over the age in which he lived than did this ,cistercian monk4 ,it was the death of his mother1 when he was twenty years old1 that seemed to have been the turning point in his life4 ,the son of a ,burgundian knight1 he had planned to become a priest1 but now he determined to enter a monastery4 ,he did not go alone1 however1 but took with him twelve companions1 including an uncle and four of his five brothers6 ,when he was only twenty-four years old1 in the year #aaae1 he founded a monastery of his own1 which was destined to become one of the most famous in history4 ,it was situated in a valley in ,france called ,wormwood1 a wild region famous as a robber haunt4 ,bernard changed the name to ,clara ,vallis1 or ,beautiful ,valley1 from which is derived the designation ,clairvaux4 ,among his pupils were men who afterwards wielded great influence in the ,roman ,church4 ,one became a pope1 six became cardinals1 and thirty were elevated to the office of bishop in the church4 ,as abbot of ,clairvaux1 the fame of ,bernard spread through all ,christendom4 ,he led such an ascetic life that he was reduced almost to a living skeleton4 ,his haggard appearance alone made a deep impression on his audiences4 ,but he also was gifted with extraordinary eloquence and deep spiritual fervor4 ,frequently he would leave his monastery to appear before kings and church councils1 always swaying them at will4 ,during the year #aadf he traveled through ,france and ,germany1 preaching a second crusade4 ,the effect of his preaching was almost miraculous4 ,in some instances the whole population of cities and villages seemed to rise en masse1 flocking to the crusade standards4 ,in the towns where ,i have preached1 he said1 scarcely one man is left to seven women4 ,emperor ,conrad and ,louis1 ,king of ,france1 were easily won to the cause1 and in #aadg the vast horde of crusaders started for the ,holy ,land4 ,probably only one-tenth reached ,palestine1 and the expedition resulted in failure4 ,a miserable remnant returned home1 defeated and disgraced4 ,the blame was thrown on ,bernard and it was no doubt this sorrow that hastened his death1 in the year #aaec4 ,his noble ,good ,friday hymn1 which in ,latin begins with the words1 ,salve caput cruentatum1 alone would have gained undying fame for ,bernard1 but we are indebted to this gifted monk for another remarkable poem1 ,de ,nomine ,jesu1 from which at least three of our most beautiful ,english hymns have been derived4 ,one of these is a translation by the ,englishman1 ,edward ,caswall3 ,jesus1 the very thought of ,thee ,with sweetness fills my breast2 ,but sweeter far ,thy face to see ,and in ,thy presence rest4 ,a second by the same translator is equally beautiful3 ,o ,jesus6 ,king most wonderful1 ,thou ,conqueror renowned1 ,thou sweetness most ineffable1 ,in whom all joys are found4 ,the third derived from ,bernard's ,latin lyric is by the ,american hymnist1 ,ray ,palmer3 ,o ,jesus1 ,joy of loving hearts6 ,thou ,fount of life6 ,thou ,light of men6 ,from fullest bliss that earth imparts1 ,we turn unfilled to ,thee again4 ,throughout the ,middle ,ages the verses of ,bernard were a source of inspiration to faithful souls1 and it is said that even the ,crusaders who kept guard over the holy sepulchre at ,jerusalem sang his ,de ,nomine ,jesu4 ,a noted contemporary1 ,bernard of ,cluny1 shares with ,bernard of ,clairvaux the distinction of occupying the foremost place among the great ,latin hymn-writers4 ,this ,bernard was born in ,morlaix in ,brittany of ,english parents very early in the twelfth century4 ,after having entered the ,abbey of ,cluny1 which at that time was the most wealthy and luxurious monastery in ,europe1 he devoted his leisure hours to writing his famous poem1 ,de contemptu mundi4 ,this poem1 which is a satire against the vices and follies of his age1 contains #c1jjj lines4 ,from this poem have been derived three glorious hymns--,jerusalem the golden1 ,brief life is here our portion1 and ,for thee1 ,o dear1 dear country4 ,other noted ,latin hymn-writers who followed the two ,bernards included ,thomas of ,celano who1 in the thirteenth century1 wrote the masterpiece among judgment hymns1 ,dies irae1 dies illa1 of which ,walter ,scott has given us the ,english version1 ,that day of wrath1 that dreadful day2 ,adam of ,st4 ,victor1 who was the composer of more than one hundred sequences of high lyrical order2 ,jacobus de ,benedictis1 who is thought to be the writer of ,stabat mater dolorosa1 the pathetic ,good ,friday hymn which in its adapted form is known as ,near the cross was ,mary weeping2 and ,thomas ,aquinas1 who was the author of ,lauda1 ,sion1 salvatorem1 a glorious hymn of praise4 ,with these writers the age of ,latin hymnody is brought to a close4 ,,part ,,ii ,german ,hymnody ,the ,battle ,hymn of the ,reformation ,a mighty ,fortress is our ,god1 ,a trusty ,shield and ,weapon1 ,he helps us in our every need ,that hath us now o'ertaken4 ,the old malignant foe ,e'er means us deadly woe3 ,deep guile and cruel might ,are his dread arms in fight1 ,on earth is not his equal4 ,with might of ours can naught be done1 ,soon were our loss effected2 ,but for us fights the ,valiant ,one ,whom ,god ,himself elected4 ,ask ye who this may be8 ,christ ,jesus1 it is ,he1 ,as ,lord of ,hosts adored1 ,our only ,king and ,lord1 ,he holds the field forever4 ,though devils all the world should fill1 ,all watching to devour us1 ,we tremble not1 we fear no ill1 ,they cannot overpower us4 ,for this world's prince may still ,scowl fiercely as he will1 ,we need not be alarmed1 ,for he is now disarmed2 ,one little word o'erthrows him4 ,the ,word they still shall let remain1 ,nor any thanks have for it2 ,he's by our side upon the plain1 ,with ,his good gifts and ,spirit4 ,take they1 then1 what they will1 ,life1 goods1 yea1 all2 and still1 ,e'en when their worst is done1 ,they yet have nothing won1 ,the kingdom ours remaineth4 ,martin ,luther1 #aebg8 ,,martin ,,luther1 ,,father ,,of ,,evangelical ,,hymnody ,the father of evangelical hymnody was ,martin ,luther4 ,it was through the efforts of the great ,reformer that the lost art of congregational singing was restored and the ,christian hymn again was given a place in public worship4 ,luther was an extraordinary man4 ,to defy the most powerful ecclesiastical hierarchy the world has known1 to bring about a cataclysmic upheaval in the religious and political world1 and to set spiritual forces into motion that have changed the course of human history--this would have been sufficient to have gained for him undying fame4 ,but those who know ,luther only as a ,reformer know very little about the versatile gifts and remarkable achievements of this great prophet of the ,church4 ,philip ,schaff has characterized ,luther as the ,ambrose of ,german hymnody1 and adds3 ,to ,luther belongs the extraordinary merit of having given to the ,german people in their own tongue the ,bible1 the ,catechism1 and the hymn book1 so that ,god might speak directly to them in ,his word1 and that they might directly answer ,him in their songs4 ,he also refers to him as the father of the modern ,high ,german language and literature4 ,luther was divinely endowed for his great mission4 ,from childhood he was passionately fond of music4 ,as a student at ,magdeburg1 and later at ,eisenach1 he sang for alms at the windows of wealthy citizens4 ,it was the sweet voice of the boy that attracted the attention of ,ursula ,cotta and moved that benevolent woman to give him a home during his school days4 ,the flute and lute were his favorite instruments1 and he used the latter always in accompanying his own singing4 ,john ,walther1 a contemporary composer who later aided ,luther in the writing of church music1 has left us this testimony3 ,it is to my certain knowledge that that holy man of ,god1 ,luther1 prophet and apostle to the ,german nation1 took great delight in music1 both in choral and figural composition4 ,i spent many a delightful hour with him in singing2 and ofttimes ,i have seen the dear man wax so happy and merry in heart over the singing that it is well-nigh impossible to weary or content him therewithal4 ,and his discourse concerning music was most noble4 ,in his ,discourse in ,praise of ,music1 ,luther gives thanks to ,god for having bestowed the power of song on the nightingale and the many thousand birds of the air1 and again he writes1 ,i give music the highest and most honorable place2 and every one knows how ,david and all the saints put their divine thoughts into verse1 rhyme1 and song4 ,luther had little patience with the iconoclasts of his day4 ,he wrote in the ,preface to ,walther's collection of hymns1 in #aebe3 ,i am not of the opinion that all sciences should be beaten down and made to cease by the ,gospel1 as some fanatics pretend1 but ,i would fain see all the arts1 and music1 in particular1 used in the service of ,him who hath given and created them4 ,at another time he was even more emphatic3 ,if any man despises music1 as all fanatics do1 for him ,i have no liking2 for music is a gift and grace of ,god1 not an invention of men4 ,thus it drives out the devil and makes people cheerful4 ,then one forgets all wrath1 impurity1 sycophancy1 and other vices4 ,luther loved the ,latin hymns that glorified ,christ4 ,he recognized1 however1 that they were so permeated with ,mariolatry and other errors of the ,roman ,church that a refining process was necessary in order to rid them of their dross and permit the fine gold to appear4 ,moreover1 the ,latin hymns1 even in their most glorious development1 had not grown out of the spiritual life of the congregation4 ,the very genius of the ,roman ,church precluded this1 for church music and song was regarded as belonging exclusively to the priestly office4 ,moreover1 since the entire worship was conducted in ,latin1 the congregation was inevitably doomed to passive silence4 ,brave efforts by ,john ,huss and his followers to introduce congregational singing in the ,bohemian churches had been sternly opposed by the ,roman hierarchy4 ,the ,council of ,constance1 which in #adae burned the heroic ,huss at the stake1 also sent a solemn warning to ,jacob of ,misi1 his successor as leader of the ,hussites1 to cease the practice of singing hymns in the churches4 ,it decreed3 ,if laymen are forbidden to preach and interpret the ,scriptures1 much more are they forbidden to sing publicly in the churches4 ,luther's ringing declaration that all believers constitute a universal priesthood necessarily implied that the laity should also participate in the worship4 ,congregational singing therefore became inevitable4 ,luther also realized that spiritual song could be enlisted as a powerful ally in spreading the evangelical doctrines4 ,during the birth throes of the ,reformation he often expressed the wish that someone more gifted than himself might give to the ,german people in their own language some of the beautiful pearls of ,latin hymnody4 ,he also wanted original hymns in the vernacular1 as well as strong1 majestic chorales that would reflect the heroic spirit of the age4 ,we lack ,german poets and musicians1 he complained1 or they are unknown to us1 who are able to make ,christian and spiritual songs of such value that they can be used daily in the house of ,god4 ,then something happened that opened the fountains of song in ,luther's own bosom4 ,the ,reformation had spread from ,germany into other parts of ,europe1 and the ,catholic authorities had commenced to adopt stern measures in an effort to stem the revolt4 ,in the ,augustinian cloister at ,antwerp1 the prior of the abbey and two youths1 ,heinrich ,voes and ,johannes ,esch1 had been sentenced to death by the ,inquisition for their refusal to surrender their new-born faith4 ,the prior was choked to death in his prison cell4 ,the two youths were led to the stake at ,brussels1 on ,july #a1 #aebc4 ,before the faggots were kindled they were told that they might still be freed if they would recant4 ,they replied that they would rather die and be with ,christ4 ,before the fire and smoke smothered their voices1 they sang the ancient ,latin hymn1 ,lord ,god1 we praise thee4 ,when news of the ,brussels tragedy reached ,luther the poetic spark in his soul burst into full flame4 ,immediately he sat down and wrote a festival hymn commemorating the death of the first ,lutheran martyrs4 ,it had been reported to ,luther that when the fires began to lick the feet of ,voes1 witnesses had heard him exclaim1 ,behold1 blooming roses are strewn around me4 ,luther seized upon the words as prophetic and concluded his hymn with the lines3 ,summer is even at the door1 ,the winter now hath vanished1 ,the tender flowerets spring once more1 ,and ,he who winter banished ,will send a happy summer4 ,the opening words of the hymn are also significant1 ,ein neues ,lied wir heben an4 ,although the poem must be regarded as more of a ballad than a church hymn1 ,luther's lyre was tuned1 the springtime of evangelical hymnody was indeed come1 and before another year had passed a little hymn-book called ,the ,achtliederbuch appeared as the first-fruits4 ,it was in #aebd that this first ,protestant hymnal was published4 ,it contained only eight hymns1 four by ,luther1 three by ,speratus1 and one probably by ,justus ,jonas4 ,the little hymn-books flew all over ,europe1 to the consternation of the ,romanists4 ,luther's enemies lamented that the whole people are singing themselves into his doctrines4 ,so great was the demand for hymns that a second volume known as the ,erfurt ,enchiridion was published in the same year4 ,this contained twenty-five hymns1 eighteen of which were ,luther's4 ,the nightingale of ,wittenberg had begun to sing4 ,this was the beginning of evangelical hymnody1 which was to play so large a part in the spread of ,luther's teachings4 ,the number of hymn-books by other compilers increased rapidly and so many unauthorized changes were made in his hymns by critical editors that ,luther was moved to complain of their practice4 ,in a preface to a hymn-book printed by ,joseph ,klug of ,wittenberg1 in #aedc1 ,luther writes3 ,i am fearful that it will fare with this little book as it has ever fared with good books1 namely1 that through tampering by incompetent hands it may get to be so overlaid and spoiled that the good will be lost out of it1 and nothing kept in use but the worthless4 ,then he adds1 naively3 ,every man may make a hymn-book for himself and let ours alone and not add thereto1 as we here beg1 wish and assert4 ,for we desire to keep our own coin up to our own standard1 preventing no one from making better hymns for himself4 ,now let ,god's name alone be praised and our name not sought4 ,amen4 ,of the thirty-six hymns attributed to ,luther none has achieved such fame as ,a mighty fortress is our ,god4 ,it has been translated into practically every language and is regarded as one of the noblest and most classical examples of ,christian hymnody4 ,not only did it become the battle hymn of the ,reformation1 but it may be regarded as the true national hymn of ,germany4 ,heine called it the ,marseillaise of the ,reformation4 ,frederick the ,great referred to it as ,god ,almighty's grenadier march4 ,the date of the hymn cannot be fixed with any certainty4 ,much has been written on the subject1 but none of the arguments appear conclusive4 ,d',aubigne's unqualified statement that ,luther composed it and sang it to revive the spirits of his friends at the ,diet of ,augsburg in #aecj can scarcely be accepted1 since it appeared at least a year earlier in a hymn-book published by ,joseph ,klug4 ,the magnificent chorale to which the hymn is sung is also ,luther's work4 ,never have words and music been combined to make so tremendous an appeal4 ,great musical composers have turned to its stirring theme again and again when they have sought to produce a mighty effect4 ,mendelssohn has used it in the last movement of his ,reformation symphony2 ,meyerbeer uses it to good advantage in his masterpiece1 ,les ,huguenots2 and ,wagner's ,kaisermarsch1 written to celebrate the triumphal return of the ,german troops in #ahgj1 reaches a great climax with the whole orchestra thundering forth the sublime chorale4 ,bach has woven it into a beautiful cantata1 while ,raff and ,nicolai make use of it in overtures4 ,after ,luther's death1 when ,melanchthon and his friends were compelled to flee from ,wittenberg by the approach of the ,spanish army1 they came to ,weimar4 ,as they were entering the city1 they heard a little girl singing ,luther's great hymn4 ,sing on1 my child1 exclaimed ,melanchthon1 thou little knowest how thy song cheers our hearts4 ,when ,gustavus ,adolphus1 the hero king of ,sweden1 faced ,tilly's hosts at the battlefield of ,leipzig1 ,sept4 #g1 #afca1 he led his army in singing ,ein feste ,burg4 ,then shouting1 ,god is with us1 he went into battle4 ,it was a bloody fray4 ,tilly fell and his army was beaten4 ,when the battle was over1 ,gustavus ,adolphus knelt upon the ground among his soldiers and thanked the ,lord of ,hosts for victory1 saying1 ,he holds the field forever4 ,at another time during the ,thirty ,years' ,war a ,swedish trumpeter captured the ensign of the ,imperial army4 ,pursued by the enemy he found himself trapped with a swollen river before him4 ,he paused for a moment and prayed1 ,help me1 ,o my ,god1 and then thrust spurs into his horse and plunged into the midst of the current4 ,the ,imperialists were afraid to follow him1 whereupon he raised his trumpet to his lips and sounded the defiant notes3 ,a mighty fortress is our ,god6 ,george ,n4 ,anderson1 a missionary in ,tanganyika ,province1 ,british ,east ,africa1 tells how he once heard an assembly of #b1jjj natives sing ,luther's great hymn4 ,i never heard it sung with more spirit2 the effect was almost overwhelming1 he testifies4 ,a ,west ,african missionary1 ,christaller1 relates how he once sang ,ein feste ,burg to his native interpreter4 ,that man1 ,luther1 said the ,african1 must have been a powerful man1 one can feel it in his hymns4 ,thomas ,carlyle's estimate of ,ein feste ,burg seems to accord with that of the ,african native4 ,it jars upon our ears1 he says1 yet there is something in it like the sound of ,alpine avalanches1 or the first murmur of earthquakes1 in the very vastness of which dissonance a higher unison is revealed to us4 ,carlyle1 who refers to ,luther as perhaps the most inspired of all teachers since the ,apostles1 has given us the most rugged of all translations of the ,reformer's great hymn4 ,there are said to be no less than eighty ,english translations1 but only a few have met with popular favor4 ,in ,england the version by ,carlyle is in general use1 while in ,america various composite translations are found in hymn-books4 ,carlyle's first stanza reads ,a sure stronghold our ,god is ,he1 ,a trusty ,shield and ,weapon2 ,our help ,he'll be1 and set us free ,from every ill can happen4 ,that old malicious foe ,intends us deadly woe2 ,armed with might from hell ,and deepest craft as well1 ,on earth is not his fellow4 ,the greater number of ,luther's hymns are not original4 ,many are paraphrases of ,scripture1 particularly the ,psalms1 and others are based on ,latin1 ,greek1 and ,german antecedents4 ,in every instance1 however1 the great ,reformer so imbued them with his own fervent faith and militant spirit that they seem to shine with a new luster4 ,the hymns of ,luther most frequently found in hymn-books today are ,come1 ,thou ,saviour of our race1 ,good news from heaven the angels bring1 ,in death's strong grasp the ,saviour lay1 ,come1 ,holy ,spirit1 ,god and ,lord1 ,come1 ,holy ,spirit1 from above1 ,lord1 keep us steadfast in ,thy word1 ,lord1 ,jesus ,christ1 to ,thee we pray1 ,dear ,christians1 one and all rejoice1 ,out of the depths ,i cry to ,thee1 and ,we all believe in one true ,god4 ,a ,metrical ,gloria in ,excelsis ,all glory be to ,thee1 ,most ,high1 ,to ,thee all adoration6 ,in grace and truth ,thou drawest nigh ,to offer us salvation4 ,thou showest ,thy good will toward men1 ,and peace shall reign on earth again2 ,we praise ,thy ,name forever4 ,we praise1 we worship ,thee1 we trust1 ,and give ,thee thanks forever1 ,o ,father1 for ,thy rule is just ,and wise1 and changes never4 ,thy hand almighty o'er us reigns1 ,thou doest what ,thy will ordains2 ',tis well for us ,thou rulest4 ,o ,jesus ,christ1 our ,god and ,lord1 ,son of the ,heavenly ,father1 ,o ,thou1 who hast our peace restored1 ,the straying sheep dost gather1 ,thou ,lamb of ,god1 to ,thee on high ,out of the depths we sinners cry3 ,have mercy on us1 ,jesus6 ,o ,holy ,ghost1 ,thou precious gift1 ,thou ,comforter1 unfailing1 ,from ,satan's snares our souls uplift1 ,and let ,thy power1 availing1 ,avert our woes and calm our dread2 ,for us the ,saviour's blood was shed1 ,we trust in ,thee to save us6 ,nicolaus ,decius1 #aebf1 #aeci ,,the ,,hymn-,,writers ,,of ,,the ,,reformation ,the hymns of the ,reformation were like a trumpet call1 proclaiming to all the world that the day of spiritual emancipation had come4 ,what they lacked in poetic refinement they more than made up by their tremendous earnestness and spiritual exuberance4 ,they faithfully reflect the spirit of the age in which they were born1 a period of strife and conflict4 ,the strident note that often appears in ,luther's hymns can easily be understood when it is remembered that the great ,reformer looked upon the pope as ,antichrist himself and all others who opposed the ,lutheran teachings as confederates of the devil4 ,in #aeda1 when the ,turkish invasion from the ,east threatened to devastate all ,europe1 special days of humiliation and prayer were held throughout ,germany4 ,it was for one of these occasions that ,luther wrote the hymn1 ,lord1 keep us steadfast in ,thy word4 ,in its original form1 however1 it was quite different from the hymn we now sing4 ,the first stanza ran3 ,lord1 keep us in ,thy word and work1 ,restrain the murderous pope and ,turk1 ,who fain would tear from off ,thy throne ,christ ,jesus1 ,thy beloved ,son4 ,when ,luther1 on the other hand1 sang of ,god's free grace to men in ,christ ,jesus1 or extolled the merits of the ,saviour1 or gave thanks for the word of ,god restored to men1 there was such a marvelous blending of childlike trust1 victorious faith and spontaneous joy that all ,germany was thrilled by the message4 ,the popularity of the ,lutheran hymns was astonishing4 ,other hymn-writers sprang up in large numbers1 printing presses were kept busy1 and before ,luther's death no less than sixty collections of hymns had been published4 ,wandering evangelists were often surrounded by excited crowds in the market places1 hymns printed on leaflets were distributed1 and the whole populace would join in singing the songs of the ,reformers4 ,paul ,speratus1 ,paul ,eber1 and ,justus ,jonas were the most gifted co-laborers of ,luther4 ,it was ,speratus who contributed three hymns to the ,achtliederbuch1 the first hymn-book published by ,luther4 ,his most famous hymn1 ,to us salvation now is come1 has been called the poetic counterpart of ,luther's preface to the ,epistle to the ,romans4 ,it was the great confessional hymn of the ,reformation4 ,luther is said to have wept tears of joy when he heard it sung by a street singer outside his window in ,wittenberg4 ,speratus wrote the hymn in a ,moravian prison into which he had been cast because of his bold espousal of the ,lutheran teachings4 ,immediately upon his release he proceeded to ,wittenberg1 where he joined himself to the ,reformers4 ,he later became the leader of the ,reformation movement in ,prussia and before his death in #aeea was chosen bishop of ,pomerania4 ,his poetic genius may be seen reflected in the beautiful paraphrase of the ,lord's ,prayer which forms the concluding two stanzas of his celebrated hymn3 ,all blessing1 honor1 thanks1 and praise ,to ,father1 ,son1 and ,spirit1 ,the ,god who saved us by ,his grace1 ,all glory to ,his merit3 ,o ,father in the heavens above1 ,thy glorious works show forth ,thy love1 ,thy worthy ,name be hallowed4 ,thy kingdom come1 ,thy will be done ,in earth1 as 'tis in heaven3 ,keep us in life1 by grace led on1 ,forgiving and forgiven2 ,save ,thou us in temptation's hour1 ,and from all ills2 ,thine is the power1 ,and all the glory1 ,amen6 ,eber was the sweetest singer among the ,reformers4 ,as professor of ,hebrew at ,wittenberg ,university and assistant to ,melanchthon1 he had an active part in the stirring events of the ,reformation4 ,he possessed more of ,melanchthon's gentleness than ,luther's ruggedness1 and his hymns are tender and appealing in their childlike simplicity4 ,there is wondrous consolation in his hymns for the dying1 as witness his pious swan-song3 ,in ,thy dear wounds ,i fall asleep1 ,o ,jesus1 cleanse my soul from sin3 ,thy bitter death1 ,thy precious blood ,for me eternal glory win4 ,by ,thee redeemed1 ,i have no fear1 ,when now ,i leave this mortal clay1 ,with joy before ,thy throne ,i come2 ,god's own must die1 yet live alway4 ,welcome1 ,o death6 thou bringest me ,to dwell with ,god eternally2 ,through ,christ my soul from sin is free1 ,o take me now1 dear ,lord1 to ,thee6 ,another hymn for the dying1 ,lord ,jesus ,christ1 true man and ,god1 breathes the same spirit of hope and trust in ,christ4 ,during the years of persecution and suffering that followed the ,reformation1 the ,protestants found much comfort in singing ,eber's ,when in the hour of utmost need4 ,justus ,jonas1 the bosom friend of ,luther who spoke the last words of peace and consolation to the dying ,reformer and who also preached his funeral sermon1 has left us the hymn1 ,if ,god were not upon our side1 based on ,psalm #abd4 ,from this period we also have the beautiful morning hymn1 ,my inmost heart now raises1 by ,johannes ,mathesius1 the pupil and biographer of ,luther1 and an equally beautiful evening hymn1 ,sunk is the sun's last beam of light1 by ,nicholas ,hermann4 ,mathesius was pastor of the church at ,joachimsthal1 in ,bohemia1 and ,hermann was his organist and choirmaster4 ,it is said that whenever ,mathesius preached a particularly good sermon1 ,hermann was forthwith inspired to write a hymn on its theme6 ,he was a poet and musician of no mean ability1 and his tunes are among the best from the ,reformation period4 ,the example of the ,wittenberg hymnists was quickly followed by evangelicals in other parts of ,germany1 and hymn-books began to appear everywhere4 ,as early as #aebf a little volume of hymns was published at ,rostock in the ,platt-,deutsch dialect4 ,in this collection we find one of the most glorious hymns of the ,reformation1 ,all glory be to ,thee1 ,most ,high1 or1 as it has also been rendered1 ,all glory be to ,god on high1 a metrical version of the ancient canticle1 ,gloria in ,excelsis4 ,five years later another edition was published in which appeared a metrical rendering of ,agnus ,dei3 ,o ,lamb of ,god1 most holy1 ,on ,calvary an offering2 ,despised1 meek1 and1 lowly1 ,thou in ,thy death and suffering ,our sins didst bear1 our anguish2 ,the might of death didst vanquish2 ,give us ,thy peace1 ,o ,jesus6 ,the author of both of these gems of evangelical hymnody was ,nicolaus ,decius1 a ,catholic monk in the cloister of ,steterburg who embraced the ,lutheran teachings4 ,he later became pastor of ,st4 ,nicholas church in ,stettin1 where he died under suspicious circumstances in #aeda4 ,in addition to being a popular preacher and gifted poet1 he also seems to have been a musician of some note4 ,the two magnificent chorals to which his hymns are sung are generally credited to him1 although there is a great deal of uncertainty surrounding their composition4 ,luther prized both hymns very highly and included them in his ,german liturgy4 ,a ,beautiful ,confirmation ,hymn ,let me be ,thine forever1 ,my gracious ,god and ,lord1 ,may ,i forsake ,thee never1 ,nor wander from ,thy ,word3 ,preserve me from the mazes ,of error and distrust1 ,and ,i shall sing ,thy praises ,forever with the just4 ,lord ,jesus1 bounteous ,giver ,of light and life divine1 ,thou didst my soul deliver1 ,to ,thee ,i all resign3 ,thou hast in mercy bought me ,with blood and bitter pain2 ,let me1 since ,thou hast sought me1 ,eternal life obtain4 ,o ,holy ,ghost1 who pourest ,sweet peace into my heart1 ,and who my soul restorest1 ,let not ,thy grace depart4 ,and while ,his ,name confessing ,whom ,i by faith have known1 ,grant me ,thy constant blessing1 ,make me for aye ,thine own4 ,nicolaus ,selnecker1 #aegb1 et al4 ,,hymnody ,,of ,,the ,,controversial ,,period ,many of our great ,christian hymns were born in troublous times4 ,this is true in a very special sense of the hymns written by ,nicolaus ,selnecker1 ,german preacher and theologian4 ,the age in which he lived was the period immediately following the ,reformation4 ,it was an age marked by doctrinal controversy1 not only with the ,romanists1 but among the ,protestants themselves4 ,in these theological struggles1 ,selnecker will always be remembered as one of the great champions of pure ,lutheran doctrine4 ,the ,formula of ,concord1 the last of the ,lutheran confessions1 was largely the work of ,selnecker4 ,published in #aegg1 it did more than any other single document to clarify the ,lutheran position on many disputed doctrinal points1 thus bringing to an end much of the confusion and controversy that had existed up to that time4 ,selnecker early in life revealed an artistic temperament4 ,born in #aecb at ,hersbruck1 ,germany1 we find him at the age of twelve years organist at the chapel in the ,kaiserburg1 at ,nuernberg1 where he attended school4 ,later he entered ,wittenberg ,university to study law4 ,here he came under the influence of ,philip ,melanchthon1 and was induced to prepare himself for the ministry4 ,it is said that ,selnecker was ,melanchthon's favorite pupil4 ,following his graduation from ,wittenberg1 he lectured for a while at the university and then received the appointment as second court preacher at ,dresden and private tutor to ,prince ,alexander of ,saxony4 ,many of the ,saxon theologians at this time were leaning strongly toward the ,calvinistic teaching regarding the ,lord's ,supper1 and when ,selnecker came out boldly for the ,lutheran doctrine he incurred the hostility of those in authority4 ,later1 when he supported a ,lutheran pastor who had dared to preach against ,elector ,august's passion for hunting1 he was compelled to leave ,dresden4 ,for three years he held the office of professor of theology at the ,university of ,jena1 but in #aefh he again found favor with the ,elector ,august and was appointed to the chair of theology in the ,university of ,leipzig4 ,it was here that ,selnecker again became involved in bitter doctrinal disputes regarding the ,lord's ,supper1 and in #aegf and #aegg he joined a group of theologians1 including ,jacob ,andreae and ,martin ,chemnitz1 in working out the ,formula of ,concord4 ,upon the death of ,elector ,august the ,calvinists again secured ecclesiastical control1 and ,selnecker once more was compelled to leave ,leipzig4 ,after many trials and vicissitudes1 he finally returned1 ,may #ai1 #aeib1 a worn and weary man1 only to die in ,leipzig five days later4 ,during the stormy days of his life1 ,selnecker often sought solace in musical and poetical pursuits4 ,many of his hymns reflect his own personal troubles and conflicts4 ,let me be thine forever is believed to have been written during one of the more grievous experiences of his life4 ,it was a prayer of one stanza originally1 but two additional stanzas were added by an unknown author almost a hundred years after ,selnecker's death4 ,in its present form it has become a favorite confirmation hymn in the ,lutheran ,church4 ,selnecker's zeal for his ,church is revealed in many of his hymns1 among them the famous ,abide with us1 ,o ,saviour dear4 ,the second stanza of this hymn clearly reflects the distressing controversies in which he was engaged at the time3 ,this is a dark and evil day1 ,forsake us not1 ,o ,lord1 we pray2 ,and let us in our grief and pain ,thy ,word and sacraments retain4 ,in connection with his work as professor in the ,university of ,leipzig1 he also served as pastor of the famous ,st4 ,thomas church in that city4 ,it was through his efforts that the renowned ,motett choir of that church was built up1 a choir that was afterward conducted by ,john ,sebastian ,bach4 ,about #aej hymns in all were written by ,selnecker4 ,in addition to these he also was author of some #age theological and controversial works4 ,one of the contemporaries of ,selnecker was ,bartholomaeus ,ringwalt1 pastor of ,langfeld1 near ,sonnenburg1 ,brandenburg4 ,this man also was a staunch ,lutheran and a poet of considerable ability4 ,his judgment hymn1 ,the day is surely drawing near1 seems to reflect the feeling held by many in those distressing times that the ,last ,day was near at hand4 ,it was used to a large extent during the ,thirty ,years' ,war1 and is still found in many hymn-books4 ,another hymnist who lived and wrought during these turbulent times was ,martin ,behm1 to whom we are indebted for three beautiful lyrics1 ,o ,jesus1 ,king of glory1 ,lord ,jesus ,christ1 my ,life1 my ,light1 and ,o holy1 blessed ,trinity4 ,behm1 who was born in ,lauban1 ,silesia1 ,sept4 #af1 #aeeg1 served for thirty-six years as ,lutheran pastor in his native city4 ,he was a noted preacher and a gifted poet4 ,his hymn on the ,trinity is one of the finest ever written on this theme4 ,it concludes with a splendid paraphrase of the ,aaronic benediction4 ,two of its stanzas are3 ,o holy1 blessed ,trinity1 ,divine1 eternal ,unity1 ,god1 ,father1 ,son and ,holy ,ghost1 ,be ,thou this day my guide and host4 ,lord1 bless and keep ,thou me as ,thine2 ,lord1 make ,thy face upon me shine2 ,lord1 lift ,thy countenance on me1 ,and give me peace1 sweet peace from ,thee4 ,valerius ,herberger was another heroic representative of this period of doctrinal strife1 war1 famine1 and pestilence4 ,while pastor of ,st4 ,mary's ,lutheran ,church at ,fraustadt1 ,posen1 he and his flock were expelled from their church in #afjd by ,king ,sigismund ,,iii1 of ,poland1 and the property turned over to the ,roman ,catholics4 ,nothing daunted1 however1 ,herberger and his people immediately constructed a chapel out of two houses near the gates of the city4 ,they gave the structure the name of ,kripplein ,christi1 since the first service was held in it on ,christmas ,eve4 ,during the great pestilence which raged in #afac1 the victims in ,fraustadt numbered #b1ace4 ,herberger1 however1 stuck to his post1 comforting the sick and burying the dead4 ,it was during these days that he wrote his famous hymn1 ,valet will ich dir geben1 one of the finest hymns for the dying in the ,german language4 ,the hymn was published with the title1 ,the farewell 7,valet7 of ,valerius ,herberger that he gave to the world in the autumn of the year #afac1 when he every hour saw death before his eyes1 but mercifully and also as wonderfully as the three men in the furnace at ,babylon was nevertheless spared4 ,the famous chorale tune for the hymn was written in #afac by ,melchior ,teschner1 who was ,herberger's precentor4 ,other ,lutheran hymn-writers of this period were ,joachim ,magdeburg1 ,martin ,rutilius1 ,martin ,schalling and ,philipp ,nicolai4 ,the last name in this group is by far the most important and will be given more extensive notice in the following chapter4 ,to ,magdeburg1 a pastor who saw service in various parts of ,germany and ,hungary during a stormy career1 we owe a single hymn1 ,who trusts in ,god a strong abode4 ,rutilius has been credited with the authorship of the gripping penitential hymn1 ,alas1 my ,god6 my sins are great1 although the claim is sometimes disputed4 ,he was a pastor at ,weimar1 where he died in #afah4 ,schalling likewise has bequeathed but a single hymn to the ,church1 but it may be regarded as one of the classic hymns of ,germany4 ,its opening line1 ,o ,lord1 devoutly love ,i ,thee1 reflects the ardent love of the author himself for the ,saviour4 ,it was entitled1 ,a prayer to ,christ1 the ,consolation of the soul in life and death1 and surely its message of confiding trust in ,god has been a source of comfort and assurance to thousands of pious souls in the many vicissitudes of life as well as in the valley of the shadow4 ,although ,schalling was a warm friend of ,selnecker1 he hesitated to subscribe to the ,formula of ,concord1 claiming that it dealt too harshly with the followers of ,melanchthon4 ,for this reason he was deposed as ,general ,superintendent of ,oberpfalz and court preacher at ,heidelberg4 ,five years later1 however1 he was appointed pastor of ,st4 ,mary's church in ,nuernberg1 where he remained until blindness compelled him to retire4 ,he died in #afjh4 ,a ,masterpiece of ,hymnody ,wake1 awake1 for night is flying3 ,the watchmen on the heights are crying1 ,awake1 ,jerusalem1 arise6 ,midnight's solemn hour is tolling1 ,his chariot wheels are nearer rolling1 ,he comes2 prepare1 ye virgins wise4 ,rise up with willing feet1 ,go forth1 the ,bridegroom meet3 ,alleluia6 ,bear through the night your well trimmed light1 ,speed forth to join the marriage rite4 ,zion hears the watchmen singing1 ,and all her heart with joy is springing1 ,she wakes1 she rises from her gloom2 ,forth her ,bridegroom comes1 all-glorious1 ,the strong in grace1 in truth victorious2 ,her ,star is risen1 her ,light is come6 ,all hail1 ,thou precious ,one6 ,lord ,jesus1 ,god's dear ,son6 ,alleluia6 ,the joyful call we answer all1 ,and follow to the nuptial hall4 ,lamb of ,god1 the heavens adore ,thee1 ,and men and angels sing before ,thee1 ,with harp and cymbal's clearest tone4 ,by the pearly gates in wonder ,we stand1 and swell the voice of thunder1 ,that echoes round ,thy dazzling throne4 ,to mortal eyes and ears ,what glory now appears6 ,alleluia6 ,we raise the song1 we swell the throng1 ,to praise ,thee ages all along4 ,philipp ,nicolai1 #aeii4 ,,the ,,king ,,and ,,queen ,,of ,,chorales ,at rare intervals in the history of ,christian hymnody1 we meet with a genius who not only possesses the gift of writing sublime poetry but also reveals talent as a composer of music4 ,during the stirring days of the ,reformation such geniuses were revealed in the persons of ,martin ,luther and ,nicolaus ,decius4 ,we now encounter another1 ,philipp ,nicolai1 the writer of the glorious hymn1 ,wachet auf4 ,nicolai's name would have been gratefully remembered by posterity had he merely written the words of this hymn2 but1 when we learn that he also composed the magnificent chorale to which it is sung1 we are led to marvel4 ,it has been called the ,king of ,chorales1 and well does it deserve the title4 ,but ,nicolai was also the composer of the ,queen of ,chorales4 ,that is the name often given to the tune of his other famous hymn1 ,wie schoen leuchtet der ,morgenstern4 ,both of ,nicolai's great tunes have been frequently appropriated for other hymns4 ,the ,king of ,chorales has lent inspiration to ,holy ,majesty1 before ,thee1 while the ,queen of ,chorales has helped to glorify such hymns as ,all hail to thee1 ,o blessed morn1 ,now ,israel's hope in triumph ends1 and ,o ,holy ,spirit1 enter in4 ,some of the world's greatest composers have recognized the beauty and majesty of ,nicolai's inspiring themes and have seized upon his chorales to weave them into a number of famous musical masterpieces4 ,the strains of the seventh and eighth lines of ,wachet auf may be heard in the passage1 ,the kingdoms of this world1 of ,handel's ,hallelujah chorus4 ,mendelssohn introduces the air in his overture to ,st4 ,paul1 and the entire chorale occurs in his ,hymn of ,praise4 ,the latter composer has also made use of the ,wie schoen theme in the first chorus of his unpublished oratorio1 ,christus4 ,the circumstances that called forth ,nicolai's two great hymns and the classic chorales to which he wedded them are tragic in nature4 ,a dreadful pestilence was raging in ,westphalia4 ,at ,unna1 where ,nicolai was pastor1 #a1cjj villagers died of the plague between ,july1 #aeig1 and ,january1 #aeih4 ,during a single week in the month of ,august no less than #agj victims were claimed by the messenger of death4 ,from the parsonage which overlooked the churchyard1 ,nicolai was a sad witness of the burials4 ,on one day thirty graves were dug4 ,in the midst of these days of distress the gifted ,lutheran pastor wrote a series of meditations to which he gave the title1 ,freuden ,spiegel1 or ,mirror of ,joy4 ,his purpose1 as he explains in his preface1 dated ,august #aj1 #aeih1 was to leave it behind me 7if ,god should call me from this world7 as the token of my peaceful1 joyful1 ,christian departure1 or 7if ,god should spare me in health7 to comfort other sufferers whom ,he should also visit with the pestilence4 ,there seemed to me1 he writes in the same preface1 nothing more sweet1 delightful and agreeable1 than the contemplation of the noble1 sublime doctrine of ,eternal ,life obtained through the ,blood of ,christ4 ,this ,i allowed to dwell in my heart day and night1 and searched the ,scriptures as to what they revealed on this matter1 read also the sweet treatise of the ancient doctor ,saint ,augustine 7,the ,city of ,god7 444 ,then day by day ,i wrote out my meditations1 found myself1 thank ,god6 wonderfully well1 comforted in heart1 joyful in spirit1 and truly content4 ,both of ,nicolai's classic hymns appeared for the first time in his ,mirror of ,joy4 ,as a title to ,wachet auf ,nicolai wrote1 ,of the voice at ,midnight1 and the ,wise ,virgins who meet their ,heavenly ,bridegroom4 ,mt4 #be4 ,the title to ,wie schoen reads1 ,a spiritual bridal song of the believing soul concerning ,jesus ,christ1 her ,heavenly ,bridegroom1 founded on the #deth ,psalm of the prophet ,david4 ,it is said that the melody to ,wie schoen became so popular that numerous church chimes were set to it4 ,nicolai's life was filled with stirring events4 ,he was born at ,mengerinhausen1 ,august #aj1 #aeef4 ,his father was a ,lutheran pastor4 ,after completing studies at the ,universities of ,erfuert and ,wittenberg1 he too was ordained to the ministry in #aehc4 ,his first charge was at ,herdecke1 but since the town council was composed of ,roman ,catholic members1 he soon was compelled to leave that place4 ,later he served at ,niederwildungen and ,altwildungen1 and in #aeif he became pastor at ,unna4 ,after the dreadful pestilence of #aeig there came an invasion of ,spaniards in #aeih1 and ,nicolai was forced to flee4 ,in #afja he was chosen chief pastor of ,st4 ,katherine's church in ,hamburg4 ,here he gained fame as a preacher1 being hailed as a second ,chrysostom4 ,throughout a long and bitter controversy with the ,calvinists regarding the nature of the ,lord's ,supper1 ,nicolai was looked upon as the pillar of the ,lutheran ,church1 and the guardian of its doctrines4 ,he died ,october #bf1 #afjh4 ,a ,tribute to the ,dying ,saviour ,ah1 holy ,jesus1 how hast ,thou offended1 ,that man to judge ,thee hast in hate pretended8 ,by foes derided1 by ,thine own rejected1 ,o most afflicted6 ,who was the guilty8 ,who brought this upon ,thee8 ,alas1 my treason1 ,jesus1 hath undone ,thee6 ',twas ,i1 ,lord ,jesus1 ,i it was denied ,thee3 ,i crucified ,thee4 ,lo1 the ,good ,shepherd for the sheep is offered2 ,the slave hath sinned1 and the ,son hath suffered2 ,for man's atonement1 while he nothing heedeth1 ,god intercedeth4 ,for me1 kind ,jesus1 was ,thine incarnation1 ,thy mortal sorrow1 and ,thy life's oblation2 ,thy death of anguish and ,thy bitter passion1 ,for my salvation4 ,therefore1 kind ,jesus1 since ,i cannot pay ,thee1 ,i do adore ,thee1 and will ever pray ,thee3 ,think on ,thy pity and ,thy love unswerving1 ,not my deserving4 ,johann ,heermann1 #afcj4 ,,hymns ,,of ,,the ,,thirty ,,years' ,,war ,times of suffering and affliction have often brought forth great poets4 ,this was especially true of that troublous period in ,european history known as the ,thirty ,years' ,war4 ,although it was one of the most distressing eras in the ,protestant ,church1 it gave birth to some of its grandest hymns4 ,it was during this dreadful period1 when ,germany was devastated and depopulated by all the miseries of a bloody warfare1 that ,johann ,heermann lived and wrought4 ,he was born at ,rauden1 ,silesia1 ,october #aa1 #aehe1 the son of a poverty-stricken furrier4 ,there were five children in the family1 but four of them were snatched away by death within a short time4 ,johann1 who was the youngest1 was also taken ill1 and the despairing mother was torn by fear and anguish4 ,turning to ,god in her hour of need1 she vowed that if ,he would spare her babe1 she would educate him for the ministry4 ,she did not forget her promise4 ,the child whose life was spared grew to manhood1 received his training at several institutions1 and in #afaa entered the holy ministry as pastor of the ,lutheran church at ,koeben1 not far from his birthplace4 ,a few years later the ,thirty ,years' ,war broke out1 and all of ,germany began to feel its horrors4 ,four times during the period from #afbi to #afcd the town of ,koeben was sacked by the armies of ,wallenstein1 who had been sent by the king of ,austria to restore the ,german principalities to the ,catholic faith4 ,previous to this1 in #afaf1 the city was almost destroyed by fire4 ,in #afca it was visited by the dreadful pestilence4 ,again and again ,heermann was forced to flee from the city1 and several times he lost all his earthly possessions4 ,once1 when he was crossing the ,oder1 he was pursued and nearly captured by enemy soldiers1 who shot after him4 ,twice he was nearly sabred4 ,it was during this period1 in #afcj1 that his beautiful hymn1 ,herzliebster ,jesu1 was first published4 ,one of the stanzas which is not usually given in translations reflects very clearly the unfaltering faith of the noble pastor during these hard experiences4 ,it reads3 ,whate'er of earthly good this life may grant me ,i'll risk for ,thee2 no shame1 no cross shall daunt me2 ,i shall not fear what man can do to harm me1 ,nor death alarm me4 ,the hymn immediately sprang into popularity in ,germany1 perhaps through the fact that it reflected the feelings of ,protestants everywhere1 and partly because of the gripping tune written for it in #afdj by the great musician ,johann ,crueger4 ,heermann has been ranked with ,luther and ,gerhardt as one of the greatest hymn-writers the ,lutheran ,church has produced4 ,because his hymns were written during such times of distress and suffering1 they seemed to grip the hearts of the ,german people to an extraordinary degree4 ,one of his hymns1 published in #afcj under the group known as ,songs of ,tears1 is entitled ,treuer ,waechter ,israel4 ,it contains a striking line imploring ,god to build a wall around us4 ,a very interesting story is told concerning this hymn4 ,on ,january #e1 #ahad1 the ,allied forces were about to enter ,schleswig4 ,a poor widow and her daughter and grandson lived in a little house near the entrance of the town4 ,the grandson was reading ,heermann's hymns written for times of war1 and when he came to this one1 he exclaimed1 ,it would be a good thing1 grandmother1 if our ,lord would build a wall around us4 ,next day all through the town cries of terror were heard1 but not a soldier molested the widow's home4 ,when on the following morning they summoned enough courage to open their door1 lo1 a snowdrift had concealed them from the view of the enemy6 ,on this incident ,clemens ,brentano wrote a beautiful poem1 ,draus vor ,schleswig4 ,another remarkable story is recorded concerning ,heermann's great hymn1 ,o ,jesus1 ,saviour dear4 ,at ,leuthen1 in ,silesia1 ,december #e1 #ageg1 the ,prussians under ,frederick the ,great were facing an army of ,austrians three times their number4 ,just before the battle began some of the ,prussians began to sing the second stanza of the hymn4 ,the regimental bands took up the music4 ,one of the commanders asked ,frederick if it should be silenced4 ,no1 said the king1 let it be4 ,with such men ,god will today certainly give me the victory4 ,when the bloody battle ended with victory for the ,prussians1 ,frederick exclaimed ,my ,god1 what a power has religion6 ,other famous hymns by ,heermann include ,o ,christ1 our true and only ,light1 ,lord1 ,thy death and passion give and ,faithful ,god1 ,i lay before ,thee4 ,many other noted hymn-writers belong to the period of the ,thirty ,years' ,war1 among them ,martin ,opitz1 ,george ,weissel1 ,heinrich ,held1 ,ernst ,homburg1 ,johannes ,olearius1 ,josua ,stegmann1 and ,wilhelm ,,ii1 ,duke of ,saxe-,weimar4 ,opitz was somewhat of a diplomat and courtier1 as well as a poet4 ,he was a man of vacillating character1 and did not hesitate to lend his support to the ,romanists whenever it served his personal interests4 ,however1 he has left to posterity an imperishable hymn in ,light of ,light1 ,o ,sun of heaven4 ,he is credited with having reformed the art of verse-writing in ,germany4 ,he died of the pestilence in ,danzig in #afci4 ,homburg and ,held were lawyers4 ,homburg was born near ,eisenach in #afje1 and later we find him practising law in ,naumburg1 ,saxony4 ,he was a man of great poetic talent1 but at first he devoted his gifts to writing love ballads and drinking songs4 ,during the days of the dread pestilence he turned to ,god1 and now he began to write hymns4 ,in #afei he published a collection of #aej spiritual songs4 ,in a preface he speaks of them as his ,sunday labor1 and he tells how he had been led to write them by the anxious and sore domestic afflictions by which ,god 444 has for some time laid me aside4 ,the ,lenten hymn1 ,christ1 the ,life of all the living1 is found in this collection4 ,held1 who practiced law in his native town of ,guhrau1 ,silesia1 also was a man chastened in the school of sorrow and affliction4 ,he is the author of two hymns that have found their way into the ,english language--,let the earth now praise the ,lord and ,come1 ,o come1 ,thou quickening ,spirit4 ,weissel1 a ,lutheran pastor at ,konigsberg1 has given us one of the finest ,advent hymns in the ,german language1 ,lift up your heads1 ye mighty gates4 ,olearius1 who wrote a commentary on the ,bible and compiled one of the most important hymn-books of the #agth century1 has also bequeathed to the ,church a splendid ,advent hymn1 ,comfort1 comfort ye ,my people4 ,stegmann1 a theological professor at ,rinteln who suffered much persecution at the hands of ,benedictine monks during the ,thirty ,years' ,war1 was the author of the beautiful evening hymn1 ,abide with us1 our ,saviour4 ,wilhelm ,,ii1 ,duke of ,saxe-,weimar1 who wrote the inspiring hymn1 ,o ,christ1 ,thy grace unto us lend1 was not only a poet and musician1 but also a man of war4 ,he was twice wounded in battle with the ,imperial forces1 and was once left for dead4 ,he was taken prisoner by ,tilly1 but was released by the emperor4 ,when ,gustavus ,adolphus came to ,germany to save the ,protestant cause1 ,wilhelm after some hesitation joined him4 ,however1 when the ,duke in #afce made a separate peace with the emperor1 the ,swedish army ravaged his territory4 ,johann ,meyfart also belongs to this period4 ,he was a theological professor at the ,university of ,erfuert1 and died at that place in #afdb4 ,one of his hymns1 ,jerusalem1 thou city fair and high1 has found its way into ,english hymn books4 ,the beautiful hymn1 ,o how blest are ye1 which was translated into ,english by ,henry ,wadsworth ,longfellow1 comes to us from the pen of ,simon ,dach1 another ,lutheran theologian who lived during these stirring days4 ,dach1 who was professor of poetry and dean of the philosophical faculty of the ,university of ,koenigsberg1 wrote some #afe hymns4 ,they are marked by fulness of faith and a quiet confidence in ,god in the midst of a world of turmoil and uncertainty4 ,dach died in #afei after a lingering illness4 ,the first stanza of his funeral hymn reads ,o how blest are ye1 whose toils are ended6 ,who through death have unto ,god ascended6 ,ye have arisen ,from the cares which keep us still in prison4 ,tobias ,clausnitzer1 who has bequeathed to the ,church the hymn1 ,blessed ,jesus1 at ,thy ,word1 was the chaplain of a ,swedish regiment during the ,thirty ,years' ,war4 ,he preached the thanksgiving sermon at the field service held by command of ,general ,wrangel at ,weiden1 in the ,upper ,palatine1 on ,january #a1 #afdi1 after the conclusion of the ,peace of ,westphalia4 ,he afterwards became pastor at ,weiden1 where he remained until his death in #afhd4 ,johann ,quirsfeld1 archdeacon in ,pirna1 has given us a very impressive ,good ,friday hymn1 ,sinful world1 behold the anguish4 ,quirsfeld died in #afhf4 ,christian ,knorr von ,rosenroth1 a noted ,orientalist1 scientist and statesman of the seventeenth century1 in addition to duties of state edited several ,rabbinical writings and works on ,oriental mysticism4 ,he also wrote hymns1 among them ,dayspring of eternity1 which has been referred to by one writer as one of the freshest1 most original1 and spirited of morning hymns1 as if born from the dew of the sunrise4 ,he died at ,sulzbach1 ,bavaria1 ,may #h1 #afhi1 at the very hour1 it is said1 which he himself had predicted4 ,the extent to which ,lutheran laymen of this period devoted themselves to spiritual exercises is revealed in the life of ,johann ,franck1 a lawyer who became mayor of his native town of ,guben1 ,brandenburg1 in #affa4 ,to him we are indebted for the finest communion hymn in the ,german language1 ,deck thyself1 my soul1 with gladness4 ,he also was the author of such gems as ,light of the ,gentile nations1 ,lord1 to ,thee ,i make confession1 ,lord ,god1 we worship ,thee1 ,jesus1 priceless ,treasure1 and the glorious song of praise3 ,praise the ,lord1 each tribe and nation1 ,praise ,him with a joyful heart2 ,ye who know ,his full salvation1 ,gather now from every part2 ,let your voices glorify ,in ,his temple ,god on high4 ,it was ,franck who began the long series of so-called ,jesus hymns1 which reached their fullest development in the later ,pietistic school of hymnists4 ,franck held that poetry should be the nurse of piety1 the herald of immortality1 the promoter of cheerfulness1 the conqueror of sadness1 and a foretaste of heavenly glory4 ,his hymns reflect his beautiful spirit of ,christian cheerfulness and hope4 ,the last name that we would mention is ,heinrich ,theobald ,schenk1 a pastor at ,giessen4 ,not much is known of this man except that he was the writer of a single hymn1 but it is a hymn that has gained for him the thanks of posterity4 ,there is scarcely a hymn-book of any communion today that does not contain1 ,who are these1 like stars appearing8 ,schenk died in #agbg1 at the age of #ga years4 ,the ,swan-song of ,gustavus ,adolphus ,be not dismayed1 thou little flock1 ,although the foe's fierce battle shock ,loud on all sides assail thee4 ,though o'er thy fall they laugh secure1 ,their triumph cannot long endure1 ,let not thy courage fail thee4 ,thy cause is ,god's--go at ,his call1 ,and to ,his hand commit thine all2 ,fear thou no ill impending2 ,his ,gideon shall arise for thee1 ,god's ,word and people manfully ,in ,god's own time defending4 ,our hope is sure in ,jesus' might2 ,against themselves the godless fight1 ,themselves1 not us1 distressing2 ,shame and contempt their lot shall be2 ,god is with us1 with ,him are we2 ,to us belongs ,his blessing4 ,johann ,michael ,altenberg1 #afca ,a ,hymn ,made ,famous on a ,battle ,field ,be not dismayed1 thou little flock will always be known as the swan-song of the ,swedish hero king1 ,gustavus ,adolphus4 ,no incident in modern history is more dramatic than the sudden appearance in ,germany of ,gustavus ,adolphus and his little ,swedish army during the critical days of the ,thirty ,years' ,war4 ,it was this victorious crusade that saved ,germany1 and probably all of northern ,europe1 for ,protestantism4 ,the untimely death of the ,swedish monarch on the battlefield of ,luetzen1 ,november #f1 #afcb1 while leading his men against ,wallenstein's host1 not only gained immortal fame for ,gustavus1 but will always cause the world to remember the hymn that was sung by his army on that historic day4 ,when ,gustavus ,adolphus landed in ,germany in #afcj with his small but well-trained army1 it seemed that the ,protestant cause in ,europe was lost4 ,all the ,protestant princes of ,germany had been defeated by ,tilly and ,wallenstein1 leaders of the ,imperial armies1 and the victors were preparing to crush every vestige of ,lutheranism in ,germany4 ,the ,margrave of ,brandenburg and the ,duke of ,saxony1 however1 furnished a few troops to ,gustavus1 and in a swift1 meteoric campaign the ,swedish king had routed the army of the ,catholic ,league and had marched all the way across ,germany4 ,in the spring of #afcb ,gustavus moved into the heart of ,bavaria and captured ,munich4 ,the ,imperial forces who had sneered at the ,snow ,king1 as they called him1 and who had predicted that he would melt as he came southward1 were now filled with dismay4 ,the ,snow ,king proved to be the ,lion of the ,north4 ,wallenstein rallied the ,catholic forces for a last stand at ,luetzen1 the battle that was to prove the decisive conflict4 ,on the morning of ,november #f1 #afcb1 the two armies faced each other in battle array4 ,dr4 ,fabricius1 chaplain of the ,swedish army1 had been commanded by ,gustavus to lead his troops in worship4 ,the king himself raised the strains of ,be not dismayed1 thou little flock1 and led the army in singing the stirring hymn4 ,then he knelt in fervent prayer4 ,a heavy fog prevented the ,protestant forces from moving forward to the attack1 and1 while they were waiting for the fog to lift1 ,gustavus ordered the musicians to play ,luther's hymn1 ,a mighty ,fortress is our ,god4 ,the whole army joined with a shout4 ,the king then mounted his charger1 and1 drawing his sword1 rode back and forth in front of the lines1 speaking words of encouragement to his men4 ,as the sun began to break through the fog1 ,gustavus himself offered a prayer1 ,jesus1 ,jesus1 ,jesus1 help me today to do battle for the glory of ,thy holy name1 and then shouted1 ,now forward to the attack in the name of our ,god6 ,the army answered1 ,god with us6 and rushed forward1 the king galloping in the lead4 ,when his aid offered him his coat of mail1 ,gustavus refused to put it on1 declaring1 ,god is my ,protector4 ,the battle raged fiercely4 ,for a time the outcome seemed ominous for the ,lutherans4 ,at #aa o'clock ,gustavus was struck by a bullet and mortally wounded4 ,as he fell from his horse1 the word spread quickly throughout the ,swedish lines1 ,the king is wounded6 ,it proved to be the turning point in the battle4 ,instead of losing heart and fleeing1 the ,swedish troops charged the foe with a fierceness born of sorrow and despair1 and before the day was ended another glorious victory had been won4 ,the ,protestant cause was saved1 but the noble ,gustavus had made the supreme sacrifice4 ,the authorship of his famous battle-hymn has been the subject of much dispute4 ,the ,german poet and hymnologist1 ,albert ,knapp1 has called it a little feather from the eagle wing of ,gustavus ,adolphus4 ,most ,swedish authorities1 too1 unite in naming their hero king as the author4 ,however1 the weight of evidence seems to point to ,johann ,michael ,altenberg1 a ,german pastor of ,gross ,sommern1 ,thueringen1 as the real writer of the hymn4 ,it is said that ,altenberg was inspired to write it upon hearing of the great victory gained by ,gustavus ,adolphus at the battle of ,leipzig1 ,september #g1 #afca1 about a year before the battle of ,luetzen4 ,in any event1 it is a matter of record that the ,swedish king adopted it immediately1 and that he sang it as his own swan-song just before he died at ,luetzen4 ,someone has aptly said1 ,whether ,german or ,swede may claim this hymn is a question4 ,they both rightly own it4 ,rinkart's ,hymn of ,praise ,now thank we all our ,god1 ,with hearts and hands and voices1 ,who wondrous things hath done1 ,in whom ,his earth rejoices2 ,who from our mother's arms ,hath blessed us on our way ,with countless gifts of love1 ,and still is ours today4 ,o may this bounteous ,god ,through all our life be near us1 ,with ever joyful hearts ,and blessed peace to cheer us2 ,and keep us in ,his grace1 ,and guide us when perplexed1 ,and free us from all ills1 ,in this world and the next4 ,all praise and thanks to ,god ,the ,father now be given1 ,the ,son1 and ,him who reigns ,with them in highest heaven2 ,the ,one eternal ,god1 ,whom earth and heaven adore2 ,for thus it was1 is now1 ,and shall be evermore6 ,martin ,rinkart 7#aehf-afdi74 ,,the ,,lutheran ,,te ,,deum ,the last of the great ,lutheran hymn-writers belonging to the period of the ,thirty ,years' ,war was ,martin ,rinkart4 ,except for the time of the ,reformation1 this period was probably the greatest creative epoch in the history of ,lutheran hymnody4 ,but of all the glorious hymns that were written during those stirring years1 there is none that equals ,rinkart's famous hymn1 ,now thank we all our ,god4 ,the date of this remarkable hymn is obscure4 ,the claim has been made that it was written as a hymn of thanksgiving following the ,peace of ,westphalia1 which in #afdh brought to an end the long and cruel war4 ,this claim has been based on the fact that the first two stanzas are a paraphrase of the words of the high priest ,simeon1 recorded in the ,apocryphal book ,ecclesiasticus #ej3bi-cb3 ,and now let all praise ,god1 who hath done great things1 who hath glorified our days1 and dealeth with us according to ,his loving-kindness4 ,he giveth us the joy of our hearts1 that we may find peace in ,israel as in the days of yore1 thus ,he lets ,his loving-kindness remain with us1 and ,he will redeem us in our day4 ,inasmuch as this was the ,scripture passage on which all regimental chaplains were ordered to preach in celebration of the conclusion of peace1 it has been inferred that ,rinkart was inspired to write his hymn at that time4 ,it is probable1 however1 that these circumstances were merely a coincidence1 and that the hymn was written several years previous to #afdh4 ,in ,rinkart's own volume1 ,jesu ,hertz-,buchlein1 it appears under the title ,tisch-,gebetlein1 or a short prayer before meals1 and many believe that it was originally written for ,rinkart's children4 ,it will be noticed that1 while the first two stanzas are based on the passage from ,ecclesiasticus1 the last stanza is the ancient doxology1 ,gloria ,patri4 ,no hymn except ,luther's famous ,a mighty ,fortress is our ,god has been used more generally in the ,lutheran ,church than ,rinkart's glorious paean of praise4 ,in ,germany1 where it has become the national ,te ,deum1 it is sung at all impressive occasions4 ,after the battle of ,leuthen1 the army of ,frederick the ,great raised the strains of this noble hymn1 and it is said that even the mortally wounded joined in the singing4 ,in his history of the ,franco-,prussian ,war1 ,cassel tells of a stirring incident that took place on the day following the battle of ,sedan1 where the ,germans had won a decisive victory over the ,french4 ,a multitude of ,prussian troops who were marching toward ,paris were billeted in the parish church of ,augecourt4 ,they could not sleep because of the extreme excitement of the day4 ,suddenly a strain of music came from the organ1 first very softly but gradually swelling in volume until the whole sanctuary shook4 ,it was the grand old hymn--,nun danket alle ,gott6 ,instantly men and officers were upon their feet1 singing the stirring words4 ,then followed ,luther's ,ein feste ,burg1 after which the terrible strain seemed relieved1 and they laid themselves down to peaceful slumber4 ,it is recorded that the hymn was also sung at the opening of the magnificent ,cathedral of ,cologne1 ,august #ad1 #ahhj1 as well as at the laying of the cornerstone of the ,parliament building in ,berlin1 ,june #i1 #ahhd4 ,it has also achieved great popularity in ,england1 where it was sung as a ,te ,deum in nearly all churches and chapels at the close of the ,boer ,war in #aijb4 ,rinkart's life was a tragic one4 ,the greater part of his public service was rendered during the horrors of the ,thirty ,years' ,war4 ,he was born at ,eilenburg1 ,saxony1 ,april #bc1 #aehf4 ,after attending a ,latin school in his home town1 he became a student at the ,university of ,leipzig4 ,in #afag1 by invitation of the town council of ,eilenburg1 he became pastor of the church in the city of his birth4 ,it was at the beginning of the ,thirty ,years' ,war1 and1 because ,eilenburg was a walled city1 it became a refuge for thousands who had lost everything in the conflict4 ,famine and pestilence added to the horror of the situation1 and the other two pastors of the city having died1 ,rinkart was left alone to minister to the spiritual needs of the populace4 ,twice ,eilenburg was saved from the ,swedish army through the intercession of ,rinkart1 first in #afcg and again in #afci4 ,a levy of #cj1jjj thaler had been made on the city by the ,swedish general to aid the ,protestant cause4 ,knowing the impoverished condition of his townsmen1 ,rinkart went out to the ,swedish camp to plead their cause1 but to no avail4 ,turning to those who were with him1 ,rinkart exclaimed1 ,come1 my children1 we can find no mercy with men1 let us take refuge with ,god4 ,he then fell on his knees and uttered a fervent prayer1 after which they sang the hymn of ,paul ,eber so much used in those trying days1 ,when in the hour of utmost need4 ,the scene made such an impression on the ,swedish commander that he relented and reduced his demand to #b1jjj florins or #a1cej thaler4 ,rinkart lived only a year after the close of the bloody war4 ,he died1 a worn and broken man1 in #afdi4 ,a ,joyous ,christmas ,carol ,all my heart this night rejoices1 ,as ,i hear1 ,far and near1 ,sweetest angel voices3 ,christ is born1 their choirs are singing1 ,till the air ,everywhere ,now with joy is ringing4 ,come and banish all your sadness1 ,one and all1 ,great and small1 ,come with songs of gladness2 ,love ,him who with love is yearning2 ,hail the star ,that from far ,bright with hope is burning4 ,hither come1 ye heavy-hearted1 ,who for sin1 ,deep within1 ,long and sore have smarted2 ,for the poisoned wounds you're feeling ,help is near1 ,one is here ,mighty for their healing4 ,faithfully ,thee1 ,lord1 ,i'll cherish1 ,live to ,thee1 ,and with ,thee ,dying1 shall not perish1 ,but shall dwell with ,thee forever1 ,far on high1 ,in the joy ,that can alter never4 ,paul ,gerhardt1 #afef4 ,,paul ,,gerhardt1 ,,prince ,,of ,,lutheran ,,hymnists ,the greatest ,lutheran hymnist of the seventeenth century1 and perhaps of all time1 was ,paul ,gerhardt4 ,not even the hymns of ,martin ,luther are used so generally throughout the ,christian world as those of ,gerhardt4 ,more of the beautiful lyrics of this sweet singer have found their way into the ,english language than the hymns of any other ,german writer1 and with the passing of years their popularity increases rather than diminishes4 ,in the ,lutheran church at ,luebden1 in ,germany1 there hangs a life-size painting of ,gerhardt4 ,beneath it is this inscription3 ,theologus in cribro ,satanae versatus1 ,a divine sifted in ,satan's sieve4 ,that inscription may be said to epitomize the sad life-story of ,germany's great psalmist4 ,gerhardt was born ,march #ab1 #afjg1 in ,graefenhaynichen1 a village near the celebrated ,wittenberg4 ,his father1 who was mayor of the village1 died before ,paul reached maturity4 ,when he was twenty-one years of age he began the study of theology at the ,university of ,wittenberg4 ,the ,thirty ,years' ,war was raging1 and all ,germany was desolate and suffering4 ,because of the difficulty of securing a parish1 ,gerhardt served for several years as a tutor in the home of ,andreas ,barthold1 whose daughter ,anna ,maria became his bride in #afee4 ,it was during this period that ,gerhardt's poetic gifts began to flourish4 ,no doubt he was greatly stimulated by contact with the famous musician ,johann ,crueger1 who was cantor and director of music in the ,church of ,st4 ,nicholas in ,berlin4 ,in #afdh many of ,gerhardt's hymns were published in ,crueger's ,praxis ,pietatis ,melica4 ,through the recommendation of the ,berlin clergy1 he was appointed ,lutheran provost at ,mittenwalde1 and was ordained to this post ,november #ah1 #afea4 ,six years later he accepted the position of third assistant pastor of the ,church of ,st4 ,nicholas in ,berlin4 ,his hymns continued to grow in popularity1 and his fame as a preacher drew large audiences to hear him4 ,the controversy between the ,lutherans and ,calvinists1 which had continued from the days of the ,reformation1 flared up again at this time as the result of efforts on the part of ,elector ,friedrich ,wilhelm of ,prussia to unite the two parties4 ,friedrich ,wilhelm1 who was a ,calvinist1 sought to compel the clergy to sign a document promising that they would abstain from any references in their sermons to doctrinal differences4 ,gerhardt was sick at the time1 and1 although he had always been moderate in his utterances1 he felt that to sign such a document would be to compromise the faith4 ,summoning the other ,lutheran clergymen of ,berlin to his bedside1 he urged them to stand firm and to refuse to surrender to the demands of the ,elector4 ,soon after this the courageous pastor was deposed from office4 ,he was also prohibited from holding private services in his own home4 ,though he felt the blow very keenly1 he met it with true ,christian fortitude4 ,this1 he said1 is only a small ,berlin affliction2 but ,i am also willing and ready to seal with my blood the evangelical truth1 and1 like my namesake1 ,st4 ,paul1 to offer my neck to the sword4 ,to add to his sorrows1 ,gerhardt's wife and a son died in the midst of these troubles4 ,three other children had died previous to this1 and now the sorely tried pastor was left with a single child1 a boy of six years4 ,in ,may1 #affi1 he was called to the church at ,luebden1 where he labored faithfully and with great success until his death1 on ,june #g1 #afgf4 ,the glorious spirit that dwelt in him1 and which neither trials nor persecutions could quench1 is reflected in the lines of his famous hymn1 ,if ,god ,himself be for me1 based on the latter part of the eighth chapter of ,romans3 ,though earth be rent asunder1 ,thou'rt mine eternally2 ,not fire1 nor sword1 nor thunder1 ,shall sever me from ,thee2 ,not hunger1 thirst1 nor danger1 ,not pain nor poverty1 ,nor mighty princes' anger1 ,shall ever hinder me4 ,catherine ,winkworth1 who has translated the same hymn in a different meter under the title1 ,since ,jesus is my ,friend1 has probably succeeded best in giving expression to the triumphant faith and the note of transcendent hope and joy in the final stanza3 ,my heart for gladness springs2 ,it cannot more be sad2 ,for very joy it smiles and sings-- ,sees naught but sunshine glad4 ,the ,sun that lights mine eyes ,is ,christ1 the ,lord ,i love2 ,i sing for joy of that which lies ,stored up for me above4 ,because of his own warm1 confiding1 childlike faith in ,god1 ,gerhardt's hymns have become a source of special comfort to sorrowing and heavy-laden souls4 ,they not only breathe a spirit of tender consolation but of a joy unspeakable and full of glory4 ,we have a beautiful example of this in his ,advent hymn1 ,o how shall ,i receive ,thee3 ,rejoice then1 ye sad-hearted1 ,who sit in deepest gloom1 ,who mourn o'er joys departed1 ,and tremble at your doom2 ,he who alone can cheer you ,is standing at the door2 ,he brings ,his pity near you1 ,and bids you weep no more4 ,in ,gerhardt's hymns we find a transition to the modern subjective note in hymnody4 ,sixteen of his hymns begin with the pronoun1 ,i4 ,they are not characterized1 however1 by the weak sentimentality so often found in the hymns of our own day1 for ,gerhardt never lost sight of the greatest objective truth revealed to men--justification by faith alone4 ,nevertheless1 because of his constant emphasis on the love of ,god and because his hymns are truly songs of the heart1 they possess a degree of emotional warmth that is lacking in the earlier ,lutheran hymns4 ,his hymns on the glories of nature have never been surpassed4 ,in contemplating the beauty of created things he is ever praising the ,creator4 ,his famous evening hymn1 ,nun ruhen alle ,waelder1 has been likened to the beauty and splendor of the evening star4 ,in a marvelous manner the temporal and the eternal1 the terrestrial and the celestial are contrasted in every stanza4 ,it was a favorite hymn of the great ,german poet1 ,friedrich von ,schiller1 who first heard it sung by his mother as a cradle song4 ,probably no hymn is so generally used by the children of ,germany as an evening prayer as this one4 ,the most familiar ,english translation begins with the line1 ,now rest beneath night's shadow4 ,a more recent translation of rare beauty runs3 ,the restless day now closeth1 ,each flower and tree reposeth1 ,shade creeps o'er wild and wood3 ,let us1 as night is falling1 ,on ,god our ,maker calling1 ,give thanks to ,him1 the ,giver good4 ,the tune to which this hymn is sung is as famous as the hymn itself4 ,it is ascribed to ,heinrich ,isaak1 one of the first of the great ,german church musicians4 ,it is believed to have been composed by him in #adij1 when he was leaving his native town1 ,innsbruck1 to establish himself at the court of ,emperor ,maximilian ,i4 ,it was set to the plaintive words1 ,innsbruck1 ich muss dich lassen4 ,according to tradition1 ,isaak first heard the beautiful melody sung by a wandering minstrel4 ,bach and ,mozart regarded it as one of the sublimest of all chorales1 and each is said to have declared that he would rather have been the composer of this tune than any of his great masterpieces4 ,gerhardt wrote #abc hymns in all4 ,in addition to the hymns already mentioned1 probably his most famous is ,o sacred ,head1 now wounded1 based on the ,latin hymn of ,bernard of ,clairvaux4 ,other hymns in common use are ,immanuel1 we sing ,thy praise1 ,holy ,ghost1 dispel our sadness1 ,o enter1 ,lord1 ,thy temple1 ,shun1 my heart1 the thought forever1 ,commit thou all thy griefs1 ,all my heart this night rejoices1 ,beside ,thy manger here ,i stand1 ,awake1 my heart1 and marvel1 ,go forth1 my heart1 and seek delight1 ,o ,saviour dear1 and ,a pilgrim and a stranger4 ,only the briefest mention can be made of other ,german ,lutheran hymn-writers of this period4 ,one of these1 ,johan ,rist1 pastor in ,wedel1 was crowned poet laureate of ,germany by ,emperor ,ferdinand ,,iii in #afdd1 and nine years later was raised to the nobility4 ,rist wrote some #fhj hymns1 but all are not of uniform excellence4 ,among those in common use to-day are ,arise1 the kingdom is at hand1 ,help us1 ,o ,lord1 behold we enter1 ,rise1 ,o ,salem1 rise and shine1 ,o ,living ,bread from heaven1 ,o ,jesus ,christ1 ,thou ,bread of ,life1 ,father1 merciful and holy1 which has also been translated ,soul of mine1 to ,god awaking1 ,o darkest woe1 and ,arise1 arise ye ,christians4 ,georg ,neumark1 court poet and secretary of archives under ,duke ,wilhelm ,,ii of ,saxe-,weimar1 has left us the hymn of trust in ,god3 ,let1 ,o my soul1 thy ,god direct thee1 which is also known by the ,english translation1 ,if thou but suffer ,god to guide thee4 ,the hymn was written in #afda1 at ,kiel1 when1 after being robbed of practically all he possessed except his prayer-book1 ,neumark succeeded in obtaining employment as tutor in a wealthy family4 ,he was a destitute student at the time4 ,michael ,schirmer1 an educator and poet who lived in ,berlin during the ,thirty ,years' ,war and for two decades after its close1 is the author of a number of beautiful hymns1 among them the ,pentecost hymn1 ,o ,holy ,spirit1 enter in4 ,because of poverty and afflictions suffered during a period of war and pestilence1 he has been called the ,german ,job4 ,ahasuerus ,fritsch1 chancellor and president of the ,consistory of ,rudolstadt1 is credited with the authorship of ,jesus is my ,joy1 my ,all1 a hymn that reflects the spirit of true evangelical piety4 ,he died in #agja4 ,caspar ,neumann1 another of ,gerhardt's contemporaries1 has bequeathed to the ,church the sublime hymn1 ,god of ,ages1 all transcending1 the last stanza of which is unusually striking in language3 ,say ,amen1 ,o ,god our ,father1 ,to the praise we offer ,thee2 ,now1 to laud ,thy name we gather2 ,let this to ,thy glory be4 ,fill us with ,thy love and grace1 ,till we see ,thee face to face4 ,neumann1 who was a celebrated preacher and professor of theology at ,breslau from #afgh to #agae1 was the author of some thirty hymns1 all of which became very popular in ,silesia4 ,he was also author of a famous devotional book1 ,kern aller ,gebete4 ,a ,glorious ,paean of ,praise ,praise to the ,lord1 the ,almighty1 the ,king of creation6 ,o my soul1 praise ,him1 for ,he is thy health and salvation6 ,all ye who hear1 ,now to ,his temple draw near1 ,join me in glad adoration4 ,praise to the ,lord1 who doth prosper thy work and defend thee6 ,surely ,his goodness and mercy here daily attend thee2 ,ponder anew ,what the ,almighty can do1 ,if with ,his love ,he befriend thee6 ,praise thou the ,lord1 who with marvelous wisdom hath made thee1 ,decked thee with health1 and with loving hand guided and stayed thee4 ,how oft in grief ,hath not ,he brought thee relief1 ,spreading ,his wings to o'ershade thee6 ,praise to the ,lord6 ,o let all that is in me adore ,him6 ,all that hath life and breath1 come now with praises before ,him6 ,let the ,amen ,sound from ,his people again2 ,gladly for aye we adore ,him4 ,joachim ,neander1 #afhj4 ,,joachim ,,neander1 ,,the ,,paul ,,gerhardt ,,of ,,the ,,calvinists ,while all ,germany during the latter half of the seventeenth century was singing the sublime lyrics of ,paul ,gerhardt1 prince of ,lutheran hymnists1 the spirit of hymnody was beginning to stir in the soul of another ,german poet--,joachim ,neander4 ,this man1 whose name will always be remembered as the author of one of the most glorious hymns of praise of the ,christian ,church1 was the first hymn-writer produced by the ,reformed1 or ,calvinistic1 branch of the ,protestant ,church4 ,hymnody in the ,reformed ,church had been seriously retarded by the iconoclastic views of ,calvin and ,zwingli4 ,these ,reformers at first frowned on church choirs1 organs1 and every form of ecclesiastical art4 ,even hymns1 such as those used by the ,lutherans1 were prohibited because they were the production of men4 ,god could be worshiped in a worthy manner1 according to ,calvin's principles1 only by hymns which were divinely inspired1 namely1 the ,psalms of the ,old ,testament ,psaltery4 ,this gave rise to the practice of versifying the ,psalms4 ,calvin's insistence that there should be the strictest adherence to the original text often resulted in crude paraphrases4 ,the exclusive use of the ,psalms explains the development of so-called psalmody in the ,reformed ,church as over against hymnody in the ,lutheran ,church4 ,psalmody had its inception in ,france1 where ,clement ,marot1 court poet to ,king ,francis ,i1 rendered a number of the ,psalms into metrical form4 ,marot was a gifted and versatile genius1 but not inclined to piety or serious-mindedness4 ,however1 his versified ,psalms became immensely popular with the ,french ,huguenots and exerted a great influence in the struggle between the ,protestants and the papal party4 ,when ,marot was compelled to flee to ,geneva because of ,roman persecution1 he collaborated with ,calvin in publishing the famous ,genevan ,psalter1 which appeared in #aedc4 ,following the death of ,marot in #aedd1 ,calvin engaged ,theodore de ,beza to continue the work1 and in #aefb the ,genevan ,psalter was published in completed form1 containing all the ,psalms in versified dress4 ,the musical editor during the greater part of this period was ,louis ,bourgeois1 to whom is generally ascribed the undying honor of being the composer of probably the most famous of all ,christian hymn tunes1 ,old ,hundredth4 ,the ,genevan ,psalter was translated into many languages1 and became the accepted hymn-book of the ,reformed ,church in ,germany1 ,england1 ,scotland1 and ,holland1 as well as in ,france4 ,in ,germany the most popular version was a translation by ,ambrosius ,lobwasser1 a professor of law at ,koenigsberg1 who1 oddly enough1 was a ,lutheran4 ,for more than #aej years ,lutheran hymn-writers had been pouring out a mighty stream of inspired song1 but the voice of hymnody was stifled in the ,reformed ,church4 ,then came ,joachim ,neander4 ,his life was short--he died at the age of thirty--and many of his hymns seem to have been written in the last few months before his death2 but the influence he exerted on the subsequent hymnody of his ,church earned for him the title1 the ,gerhardt of the ,reformed ,church4 ,neander's hymns are preeminently hymns of praise4 ,their jubilant tone and smooth rhythmical flow are at once an invitation to sing them4 ,they speedily found their way into ,lutheran hymn-books in ,germany1 and from thence to the entire ,protestant world4 ,neander's most famous hymn1 ,praise to the ,lord1 the ,almighty1 with its splendid chorale melody1 grows in popularity with the passing of years1 and promises to live on as one of the greatest ,te ,deums of the ,christian ,church4 ,joachim ,neander was born in ,bremen1 ,germany1 in #afej4 ,he came from a distinguished line of clergymen1 his father1 grandfather1 great grandfather and great great grandfather having been pastors1 and all of them bearing the name ,joachim ,neander4 ,young ,joachim entered the ,academic ,gymnasium of ,bremen at the age of sixteen years4 ,it seems that he led a careless and profligate life1 joining in the sins and follies that characterized student life in his age4 ,in the year #afgj1 when ,neander was twenty years old1 he chanced to attend services in ,st4 ,martin's church1 ,bremen1 where ,theodore ,under-,eyck had recently come as pastor4 ,two other students accompanied ,neander1 their main purpose being to criticize and scoff at the sermon4 ,however1 they had not reckoned with the ,spirit of ,god4 ,the burning words of ,under-,eyck made a powerful impression on the mind and heart of the youthful ,neander1 and he who went to scoff came away to pray4 ,it proved the turning point in the spiritual life of the young student4 ,under the guidance of ,under-,eyck he was led to embrace ,christ as his ,saviour1 and from that time he and ,under-,eyck were life-long friends4 ,the following year ,neander became tutor to five young students1 accompanying them to the ,university of ,heidelberg4 ,three years later he became rector of the ,latin school at ,duesseldorf4 ,this institution was under the supervision of a ,reformed pastor1 ,sylvester ,luersen1 an able man1 but of contentious spirit4 ,at first the two men worked together harmoniously1 ,neander assisting with pastoral duties1 and preaching occasionally1 although he was not ordained as a clergyman4 ,later1 however1 he fell under the influence of a group of separatists1 and began to imitate their practices4 ,he refused to receive the ,lord's ,supper on the grounds that he could not partake of it with the unconverted4 ,he induced others to follow his example4 ,he also became less regular in his attendance at regular worship1 and began to conduct prayer meetings and services of his own4 ,in #afgf the church council of ,duesseldorf investigated his conduct and dismissed him from his office4 ,fourteen days after this action was taken1 however1 ,neander signed a declaration in which he promised to abide by the rules of the church and school1 whereupon he was reinstated4 ,there is a legend to the effect that1 during the period of his suspension from service1 he spent most of his time living in a cave in the beautiful ,neanderthal1 near ,mettmann1 on the ,rhine1 and that he wrote some of his hymns at this place4 ,it is a well-established fact that ,neander's great love for nature frequently led him to this place1 and a cavern in the picturesque glen still bears the name of ,neander's ,cave4 ,one of the hymns which tradition declares was written in this cave bears the title ,unbegreiflich ,gut1 ,wahrer ,gott alleine4 ,it is a hymn of transcendent beauty4 ,one of the stanzas reads3 ,thee all the mountains praise2 ,the rocks and glens are full of songs of ,thee6 ,they bid me join my lays1 ,and laud the mighty ,rock1 who1 safe from every shock1 ,beneath ,thy shadow here doth shelter me4 ,many of ,neander's hymns are odes to nature1 but there is always a note of praise to nature's ,god4 ,witness1 for instance3 ,heaven and earth1 and sea and air1 ,all their ,maker's praise declare2 ,wake1 my soul1 awake and sing1 ,now thy grateful praises bring6 ,here behold me1 as ,i cast me1 a penitential hymn by ,neander1 has found favor throughout all ,christendom4 ,in #afgi ,neander's spiritual friend1 ,pastor ,under-,eyck1 invited him to come to ,bremen and become his assistant in ,st4 ,martin's church4 ,although his salary was only #dj thalers a year and a free house1 ,neander joyfully accepted the appointment4 ,the following year1 however1 he became sick1 and after a lingering illness passed away ,may #ca1 #afhj1 at the age of only thirty years4 ,during his illness he experienced severe spiritual struggles1 but he found comfort in the words1 ,it is better to hope unto death than to die in unbelief4 ,on the day of his death he requested that ,hebrews #g3i be read to him4 ,when asked how he felt1 he replied3 ,the ,lord has settled my account4 ,lord ,jesus1 make also me ready4 ,a little later he said in a whisper3 ,it is well with me4 ,the mountains shall be moved1 and the hills shall tremble1 yet the grace of ,god shall not depart from me1 and ,his covenant of peace shall not be moved4 ,a ,hymn ,classic by ,scheffler ,thee will ,i love1 my ,strength1 my ,tower1 ,thee will ,i love1 my ,joy1 my ,crown2 ,thee will ,i love with all my power1 ,in all ,thy works1 and ,thee alone2 ,thee will ,i love1 till ,thy pure fire ,fill all my soul with chaste desire4 ,i thank ,thee1 uncreated ,sun1 ,that ,thy bright beams on me have shined2 ,i thank ,thee1 who hast overthrown ,my foes1 and healed my wounded mind2 ,i thank ,thee1 whose enlivening voice ,bids my freed heart in ,thee rejoice4 ,uphold me in the doubtful race1 ,nor suffer me again to stray2 ,strengthen my feet with steady pace ,still to press forward in ,thy way2 ,that all my powers1 with all their might1 ,in ,thy sole glory may unite4 ,thee will ,i love1 my ,joy1 my ,crown2 ,thee will ,i love1 my ,lord1 my ,god2 ,thee love beneath ,thy smile or frown1 ,beneath ,thy scepter or ,thy rod4 ,what though my flesh and heart decay8 ,thee shall ,i love in endless day4 ,johann ,scheffler1 #afeg4 ,a ,,roman ,,mystic ,,and ,,hymn-,,writer ,in ,johann ,scheffler we have the singular example of a man who forsook the ,lutheran ,church to become a ,romanist1 but whose hymns have been adopted and sung by the very ,church he sought to oppose and confound4 ,scheffler was a contemporary of ,gerhardt and ,neander4 ,he was born in ,breslau1 ,silesia1 in #afbd4 ,his father1 ,stanislaus ,scheffler1 was a ,polish nobleman who had been compelled to leave his native land because of his ,lutheran convictions4 ,young ,scheffler became a medical student at ,strassburg1 ,leyden1 and ,padua1 returning to ,oels1 ,silesia1 in #afdi to become the private physician to ,duke ,sylvius ,nimrod of ,wuerttemberg-,oels4 ,during his sojourn in foreign lands he had come in contact with the writings of various mystics and he began to lean strongly toward their teachings4 ,at ,oels he began to flaunt his separatist views by absenting himself from public worship and the ,lord's ,supper4 ,when the ,lutheran authorities refused to permit the publication of some poems he had written1 because of their strong mystical tendencies1 ,scheffler resigned his office and betook himself to ,breslau1 where he joined himself to a group of ,jesuits4 ,here he pursued the study of the medieval mystics of the ,roman ,catholic ,church1 and in #afec was confirmed as a member of that communion4 ,at this time he took the name of ,angelus ,silesius1 probably after a ,spanish mystic named ,john ab ,angelis4 ,in #affa he was ordained a priest of the ,roman ,church4 ,he became a prolific writer and took special delight in directing bitter polemics against the ,church of his childhood4 ,of these writings1 it has been well said3 ,he certainly became more ,roman than the ,romans2 and in his more than fifty controversial tractates1 shows little of the sweetness and repose for which some have thought he left the ,lutheran ,church4 ,scheffler1 however1 was a poet of the first rank4 ,his poems1 always tinged by the spirit of mysticism1 sometimes attain to sublime heights1 and again they descend to a coarse realism1 particularly when he describes the terrors of judgment and hell4 ,his hymns1 on the other hand1 are almost uniformly of a high order4 ,they are marked by a fervent love for ,christ the heavenly ,bridegroom1 although the imagery1 largely based on the ,song of ,solomon1 is sometimes overdrawn1 almost approaching the sensual4 ,few of his hymns reveal his ,catholic tendencies1 and therefore they were gladly received by the ,protestants4 ,indeed1 they came into more general use among the ,lutherans than among the ,catholics4 ,they were greatly admired by ,count von ,zinzendorf1 who included no less than #gi of them in his ,moravian collection4 ,the mysticism of ,scheffler often brought him dangerously near the border-line of pantheism4 ,vaughn1 in his ,hours with the ,mystics1 compares ,scheffler with ,emerson1 and declares that both resemble the ,persian ,sufis4 ,something of ,scheffler's pantheistic ideas may be seen in the following lines3 ,god in my nature is involved1 ,as ,i in the divine2 ,i help to make ,his being up1 ,as much as ,he does mine4 ,and again in this3 ,i am as rich as ,god2 no grain of dust ,that is not mine1 too3 share with me ,he must4 ,duffield1 commenting on these astonishing lines1 observes1 ,we need not wonder that this high-flown self-assumption carried him to the door of a ,jesuit convent4 ,it is in the very key of much that passes with ,romanist theology for heavenly rapture and delight in ,god4 ,the pantheistic views of ,scheffler may be discerned even in his dying prayer3 ,jesus and ,christ1 ,god and man1 bridegroom and brother1 peace and joy1 sweetness and delight1 refuge and redemption1 heaven and earth1 eternity and time1 love and all1 receive my soul4 ,however1 we must agree with ,albert ,knapp in his judgment of ,scheffler's beautiful hymns1 that whencesoever they may come1 they are an unfading ornament of the ,church of ,jesus ,christ4 ,the gem among them is ,thee will ,i love1 my ,strength1 my ,tower4 ,others that have come into general use are ,earth has nothing sweet or fair1 ,thy soul1 ,o ,jesus1 hallow me1 ,come1 follow me1 the ,saviour spake1 ,jesus1 ,saviour1 come to me1 ,thou holiest ,love1 whom most ,i love1 and ,loving ,shepherd1 kind and true4 ,a ,gem among ,pietistic ,hymns ,o ,jesus1 ,source of calm repose1 ,thy like no man nor angel knows1 ,fairest among ten thousand fair6 ,e'en those whom death's sad fetters bound1 ,whom thickest darkness compassed round1 ,find light and life1 if ,thou appear4 ,renew ,thine image1 ,lord1 in me1 ,lowly and gentle may ,i be2 ,no charms but these to ,thee are dear2 ,no anger may'st ,thou ever find1 ,no pride1 in my unruffled mind1 ,but faith1 and heaven-born peace1 be there4 ,a patient1 a victorious mind1 ,that life and all things casts behind1 ,springs forth obedient to ,thy call1 ,a heart that no desire can move1 ,but still to praise1 believe1 and love1 ,give me1 my ,lord1 my ,life1 my ,all6 ,johann ,anastasius ,freylinghausen1 #agjd4 ,,hymn-,,writers ,,of ,,the ,,pietist ,,school ,spiritual revivals in the ,christian ,church have always been accompanied by an outburst of song4 ,this was true of the ,reformation1 which witnessed the birth of the ,lutheran ,church1 and it was also characteristic of the ,pietistic movement1 which infused new life and fervor into that communion4 ,the ,pietistic revival1 which in many respects was similar to the ,puritan and ,wesleyan movements in ,england1 had its inception in ,germany in the latter part of the #agth century and continued during the first half of the #ahth century4 ,it quickly spread to other ,lutheran countries1 particularly ,scandinavia1 and its influence has been felt even to the present time4 ,the leader of the movement was ,philipp ,jacob ,spener1 pastor of ,st4 ,nicolai ,church1 in ,berlin4 ,spener1 although a loyal and zealous son of the ,lutheran ,church1 was not blind to the formalism and dead orthodoxy which had overtaken it following the ,thirty ,years' ,war and which threatened to dry up the streams of spiritual life4 ,to stimulate spiritual endeavor and personal piety1 ,spener and his followers organized ,bible study groups4 ,they also encouraged private assemblies for mutual edification4 ,these were known as collegia pietatis1 which gave rise to the name1 ,pietists4 ,august ,hermann ,francke1 the foremost disciple of ,spener1 succeeded the latter as leader of the movement4 ,the ,university of ,halle1 where ,francke was called as professor in #afia1 became the center of ,pietism4 ,here ,francke laid the foundations for the remarkable philanthropic and educational institutions that made his name known throughout the ,christian world4 ,it began in #afie when the great-hearted man opened a room in his own house for the instruction of poor children4 ,within a few years he had established his great orphanage1 a high school1 and a home for destitute students4 ,the orphans' home was erected on a site where there had been a beer and dancing garden4 ,when ,francke began he had no money1 nor did he receive any support from the state1 but as the marvelous work progressed funds poured in from all quarters4 ,in the year of his death1 #agbg1 more than #b1jjj children were receiving care and instruction from #agj teachers4 ,altogether1 some #f1jjj graduates of theology left ,halle during ,francke's career1 men imbued with his spirit1 good exegetes1 and devoted pastors1 who spread their doctrines all over ,germany1 and in the early decades of the #ahth century occupied a majority of the pulpits4 ,halle also became the cradle of the modern missionary movement4 ,from this place1 in #agje1 ,bartholomew ,ziegenbalg and ,henry ,pluetschau1 were sent forth as the first missionaries to ,india1 nearly a century before ,william ,carey left ,england for the same field4 ,at ,halle the youthful ,count von ,zinzendorf became a pupil under ,francke and received the inspiration that in later years led to the establishment of the far-reaching missions of the ,moravians4 ,to ,halle the founder of ,methodism1 ,john ,wesley1 came in #agch1 shortly after his conversion in ,london1 in order to become more familiar with the teachings of ,luther and the ,pietists4 ,the secret of the marvelous success of ,francke's efforts may be read in the simple inscription on the monument erected to his memory in front of the famous orphanage at ,halle4 ,it reads3 ,he trusted in ,god4 ,neither ,francke nor ,spener were hymn-writers of note1 although each composed a few songs4 ,the ,pietist movement1 however1 gave birth to a great revival in hymnody in ,germany1 both in ,lutheran and ,reformed circles4 ,at ,halle it was ,johann ,anastasius ,freylinghausen who not only became the representative hymnist of the ,pietists1 but also succeeded ,francke as head of the great ,halle institutions4 ,freylinghausen was a student at the ,university of ,jena when he first heard the preaching of ,francke4 ,shortly afterward he followed him to ,halle1 and in #afie became ,francke's colleague4 ,he preached at vesper services1 conducted midweek meetings1 taught classes in the orphanage school1 and delivered lectures on homiletics4 ,he served without salary for ten years1 since ,francke was obliged to use all his income for the support of his institutions of mercy4 ,in #agae ,freylinghausen married ,francke's only daughter4 ,at her baptism as an infant he had been her sponsor1 and she had received his name1 ,johanna ,anastasia4 ,it was after ,francke's death in #agbg that the ,halle institutions reached their highest development under the direction of ,freylinghausen4 ,when the latter died in #agci1 he was buried beside his beloved friend4 ,freylinghausen's ,geistreiches ,gesangbuch became the standard hymn-book of the ,pietistic movement4 ,the first edition appeared in #agjd and contained #fhc hymns4 ,a second hymn-book was published in #agad1 containing #hae additional hymns4 ,the two collections were combined in #agda by ,g4 ,a4 ,francke and published as one hymn-book1 containing #a1ehb hymns and #fjj tunes4 ,freylinghausen was the author of forty-four of these hymns1 and is also said to have composed some of the melodies4 ,the hymns of ,freylinghausen are the most worthy of all those produced by the ,pietistic school4 ,they are marked by genuine piety1 depth of feeling1 rich ,christian experience1 and faithfulness in ,scriptural expression4 ,the tunes employed1 however1 were often a distinct departure from the traditional ,lutheran chorales1 and were not always suited to congregational worship4 ,freylinghausen's most famous hymn1 ,o ,jesus1 ,source of calm repose1 was greatly admired by ,john ,wesley1 who translated it into ,english in #agcg4 ,the so-called ,jesus hymns1 which reached their greatest development among the ,pietists1 find their sweetest expression in ,freylinghausen's3 ,who is there like ,thee1 ,jesus1 unto me8 ,none is like ,thee1 none above ,thee1 ,thou art altogether lovely2 ,none on earth have we1 ,none in heaven like ,thee4 ,it is not strange that from ,halle1 from whence such mighty missionary influences flowed1 should also go forth the first ,protestant missionary hymn4 ,it was in #agej that ,karl ,heinrich von ,bogatzky1 while working among the orphans of the ,franckean institutions1 wrote his famous hymn1 ,awake1 thou ,spirit1 who didst fire4 ,bogatzky1 who came from a noble ,hungarian family1 was disowned by his father when he chose to enroll as a theological student at ,halle rather than to prepare for a career as an army officer4 ,his health failed him1 however1 and he was unable to enter the ministry4 ,for many years he devoted himself to hymn-writing and devotional literature4 ,he also traveled as a lay preacher4 ,because of his noble birth he was able to exert a considerable influence in the higher circles of ,german society4 ,from #agdf to his death in #aggd1 he lived at the ,halle orphanage4 ,he was the author of some #daa hymns1 but few of them possess the poetic and spiritual fire of his missionary hymn4 ,two of its glorious stanzas read3 ,awake1 ,thou ,spirit1 who didst fire ,the watchmen of the ,church's youth1 ,who faced the foe's envenomed ire1 ,who day and night declared ,thy truth1 ,whose voices loud are ringing still1 ,and bringing hosts to know ,thy will4 ,o haste to help1 ere we are lost6 ,send preachers forth1 in spirit strong1 ,armed with ,thy ,word1 a dauntless host1 ,bold to attack the rule of wrong2 ,let them the earth for ,thee reclaim1 ,thy heritage1 to know ,thy ,name4 ,johann ,jacob ,rambach was another important hymn-writer of this period4 ,the son of a cabinet maker of ,halle1 young ,rambach attended the free school established by ,francke and came under the direct influence of the great ,pietist leader4 ,like many a youth1 however1 he felt that his education was complete at the age of thirteen years1 at which time he left school to work in his father's shop4 ,the ,lord1 on the other hand1 seems to have had other plans for the lad1 and it was not long before young ,rambach suffered a dislocated ankle4 ,confined to his bed for several weeks1 he again turned to his books1 and1 before he had recovered1 the desire to resume his studies took possession of him4 ,rambach eventually became one of the outstanding theologians of ,halle1 as well as preacher at the school church4 ,in #agca he removed to ,giessen to become superintendent and first professor of theology4 ,here he found conditions vastly different from those at ,halle4 ,he was particularly grieved over the fact that his preaching did not seem to bear fruit4 ,often his efforts to bring about healthier spiritual conditions met with opposition and scoffing on the part of his adversaries4 ,he died in #agce at the early age of forty-two years--from intense sorrow over the spiritual indifference of his flock1 so it has been said4 ,rambach wrote many splendid hymns1 among them the confirmation hymn1 ,baptized into ,thy ,name most holy4 ,his fame rests principally on his work as a hymnologist1 however4 ,during his life-time he published a number of collections from all sources4 ,these hymns were chosen with fine discrimination1 and ,rambach was the first hymn editor to make a distinction between hymns for congregational worship and those particularly suited for private devotion4 ,the beautiful ,advent hymn1 ,rejoice1 all ye believers1 as well as the ,epiphany hymn1 ,o ,saviour of our race1 also date from the ,pietistic period4 ,both hymns apparently were written in #agjj by ,laurentius ,laurentii1 cantor and director of music in the ,lutheran cathedral at ,bremen4 ,laurentii was not only a splendid musician1 but also a hymn-writer of high order1 and no less than thirty-four of his hymns were included in the ,freylinghausen collections4 ,other hymnists of the ,pietistic school include ,christian ,scriver1 writer of the famous devotional book1 ,seelenschatz2 ,gottfried ,arnold1 a noted church historian2 ,ernst ,gottlieb ,woltersdorf1 founder of an orphanage at ,bunzlau1 and ,christian ,richter1 a pious physician and an associate of ,francke4 ,few of their hymns1 however1 are in common use today4 ,a ,hymn of ,longing for ,christ ,o ,son of ,god1 we wait for ,thee1 ,we long for ,thine appearing2 ,we know ,thou sittest on the throne1 ,and we ,thy ,name are bearing4 ,who trusts in ,thee may joyful be1 ,and see ,thee1 ,lord1 descending ,to bring us bliss unending4 ,we wait for ,thee1 'mid toil and pain1 ,in weariness and sighing2 ,but glad that ,thou our guilt hast borne1 ,and cancelled it by dying4 ,hence1 cheerfully may we with ,thee ,take up our cross and bear it1 ,till we the crown inherit4 ,we wait for ,thee2 here ,thou hast won ,our hearts to hope and duty2 ,but while our spirits feel ,thee near1 ,our eyes would see ,thy beauty2 ,we fain would be at rest with ,thee ,in peace and joy supernal1 ,in glorious life eternal4 ,we wait for ,thee2 soon ,thou wilt come1 ,the time is swiftly nearing2 ,in this we also do rejoice1 ,and long for ,thine appearing4 ,o bliss 'twill be when ,thee we see1 ,homeward ,thy people bringing1 ,with ecstasy and singing6 ,philipp ,friedrich ,hiller1 #agfg4 ,,the ,,wuerttemberg ,,hymn-,,writers ,the ,pietistic movement quickly made its influence felt in all parts of ,germany4 ,in some quarters1 especially in the latter stages of the movement1 it assumed more radical forms4 ,sometimes it developed into emotionalism and mysticism4 ,the hymns were often of a subjective type1 which led the worshiper to think more about his own inner processes and feelings than to direct his thoughts to ,him alone who can redeem and sanctify4 ,some of the ,pietistic hymnists1 notably ,woltersdorf1 were given to the use of inordinate language and even sensuous descriptions for the purpose of arousing intense emotion4 ,in one of ,woltersdorf's passion hymns1 he dwells morbidly on every detail of the physical sufferings of ,christ1 and in another hymn he borrows ,scheffler's figure which likens the soul to a bee deriving sustenance from the crimson wounds of ,christ4 ,on the other hand1 the ,pietistic hymn is exemplified in its highest and noblest form in the writings of the so-called ,wuerttemberg school of hymnists1 the chief exponent of which was ,philipp ,friedrich ,hiller4 ,wuerttemberg was blessed with the famous scholar and theologian1 ,johann ,albrecht ,bengel1 whose sound doctrinal views and profound understanding of human nature not only led to a healthy development of ,pietism in southern ,germany1 but also left a lasting impression on all the theological students who came under his influence at the training schools at ,denkendorf1 near ,esslingen4 ,hiller was one of these4 ,hiller's hymns and those of the other ,wuerttemberg hymnists never indulge in the weak emotional effusions of which the later ,halle hymn-writers were often guilty4 ,hiller was a man sorely tried in the school of adversity4 ,shortly after he began his pastorate at ,steinheim1 in #agdh1 he lost his voice and was unable to continue his pulpit duties4 ,however1 he believed implicitly in the ,pauline teaching that to them that love ,god all things work together for good1 and1 when his voice became silent1 his spirit began to sing hymns richer and sweeter than ever4 ,witness1 for example1 the note of tenderness in the last stanza of his baptismal hymn1 ,god1 in human flesh appearing3 ,feeble is the love of mother1 ,father's blessings are as naught1 ,when compared1 my ,king and ,brother1 ,with the wonders ,thou hast wrought2 ,thus it pleased ,thy heavenly meekness2 ,pleasing also be my praise1 ,till my songs of earthly weakness ,burst into celestial lays4 ,hiller was a prolific writer1 his hymns numbering no less than #a1jge in all4 ,most of these were written for his devotional book1 ,geistliches ,liederkaestlein1 a work that holds an honored place beside the ,bible in many pious homes in southern ,germany4 ,indeed1 it has been carried by ,german emigrants to all parts of the world4 ,it is related that when a ,germany colony in the ,caucasus was attacked by a fierce ,circassian tribe about a hundred years ago1 the parents cut up their copies of the ,liederkaestlein and distributed its leaves among their children who were being carried off into slavery4 ,hiller's hymns1 though simple in form and artless in expression1 have retained a strong hold on the people of ,wuerttemberg and are extensively used to this day4 ,among the more popular are ,o boundless joy1 there is salvation1 ,jesus ,christ as ,king is reigning1 and ,o ,son of ,god1 we wait for ,thee4 ,hiller's rule for hymn-writing1 as set forth in one of his prefaces1 could be followed with profit by many modern writers of sentimental tendencies4 ,he says3 ,i have always striven for simplicity4 ,bombastic expressions of a soaring imagination1 a commonplace and too familiar manner of speaking of ,christ as a brother1 of kisses and embraces1 of individual souls as the particular ,bride of ,christ1 of naive and pet images for the ,christ-child1--all these ,i have scrupulously avoided1 and serious-minded men will not blame me if1 in this respect1 ,i have revered the majesty of our ,lord4 ,another representative of the ,wuerttemberg school was ,baron ,christoph ,carl ,ludwig von ,pfeil1 a diplomat of high attainments and noble1 ,christian character4 ,in ,september1 #agfc1 he was appointed by ,frederick the ,great as ,prussian ambassador to the ,diets of ,swabia and ,franconia4 ,he was created a baron by ,emperor ,joseph ,,ii shortly afterwards4 ,pfeil began writing hymns at the age of eighteen years and continued it as his chief diversion throughout life4 ,he was a prolific writer1 his published hymns numbering about #hej4 ,he was a warm friend of ,bengel1 who wrote the introduction to one of ,pfeil's hymn collections4 ,pfeil wrote hymns on various phases of civil life4 ,his hymn on the ,christian home is typical3 ,o blest the house1 whate'er befall1 ,where ,jesus ,christ is ,all in all2 ,yea1 if ,he were not dwelling there1 ,how poor and dark and void it were6 ,the ,silesian pastors1 ,johann ,andreas ,rothe and ,johann ,mentzer1 also may be regarded as belonging to the more conservative ,pietistic hymn-writers4 ,rothe was pastor at ,berthelsdorf1 having been brought there through the influence of ,count von ,zinzendorf1 who had heard him preach in ,silesia4 ,the ,moravian community of ,herrnhut formed a part of ,rothe's parish1 and he took a keen interest in the activities of ,zinzendorf and his followers4 ,however1 when ,rothe1 in #agcg1 found it necessary to report to the ecclesiastical authorities that the ,moravians were deviating from sound ,lutheran doctrine1 the friendship between him and ,zinzendorf ceased1 and ,rothe found it advisable to remove to ,thommendorf1 where he died in #ageh4 ,rothe wrote approximately forty hymns1 the most famous of which is ,now ,i have found the ground wherein4 ,this hymn was greatly admired by ,john ,wesley and was translated by him in #agdj4 ,because it first appeared in the ,moravian hymn-book1 the ,lutherans suspected that ,zinzendorf was the author4 ,upon discovering that it was by ,rothe1 they quickly adopted it4 ,the first stanza reads3 ,now ,i have found the ground wherein ,my soul's sure anchor may remain3 ,the wounds of ,jesus1 for my sin ,before the world's foundation slain2 ,whose mercy shall unshaken stay ,when heaven and earth are fled away4 ,mentzer1 who has given us the beautiful hymn1 ,o would1 my ,god1 that ,i could praise ,thee1 was born at ,jahmen1 ,silesia1 in #afeh4 ,for thirty-eight years he was pastor at ,kemnitz1 ,saxony1 at which place he wrote his hymns1 about thirty in number4 ,there is an exalted strain in his hymns of praise3 ,o all ye powers that ,he implanted1 ,arise1 keep silence thus no more1 ,put forth the strength that ,he hath granted1 ,your noblest work is to adore2 ,o soul and body1 be ye meet ,with heartfelt praise your ,lord to greet4 ,this hymn sometimes begins with the line1 ,o that ,i had a thousand voices4 ,a ,noble ,hymn of ,worship ,light of light1 enlighten me1 ,now anew the day is dawning2 ,sun of grace1 the shadows flee1 ,brighten ,thou my ,sabbath morning4 ,with ,thy joyous sunshine blest1 ,happy is my day of rest6 ,fount of all our joy and peace1 ,to ,thy living waters lead me2 ,thou from earth my soul release1 ,and with grace and mercy feed me4 ,bless ,thy ,word1 that it may prove ,rich in fruits that ,thou dost love4 ,kindle ,thou the sacrifice ,that upon my lips is lying2 ,clear the shadows from mine eyes1 ,that1 from every error flying1 ,no strange fire may in me glow ,that ,thine altar doth not know4 ,let me with my heart today1 ,holy1 holy1 holy1 singing1 ,rapt awhile from earth away1 ,all my soul to ,thee upspringing1 ,have a foretaste inly given1 ,how they worship ,thee in heaven4 ,benjamin ,schmolck1 #agae4 ,,how ,a ,,great ,,organist ,,inspired ,,two ,,hymnists ,while all the hymn-writers of ,germany in the early part of the eighteenth century were more or less influenced by the ,pietistic movement1 there were some who nevertheless refused to be carried away by the emotional extravagances of which some of the ,halle song-writers were often guilty4 ,in the hymns of these more conservative psalmists we find a happy blending of objective teaching and a warm1 personal faith that reminds us of the earlier hymns of ,gerhardt4 ,the chief representatives of this more typical ,lutheran school were ,benjamin ,schmolck1 a beloved pastor and a poet of rare ability1 and ,erdmann ,neumeister1 creator of the ,church ,cantata4 ,it was the age in which ,john ,sebastian ,bach lived and wrought1 and this prince of ,lutheran organists1 whose title of high priest of church music has never been disputed1 gave of his musical genius to help make the hymns of ,schmolck and ,neumeister immortal4 ,next to ,gerhardt1 there is no ,german hymnist whose name is so frequently found in hymn-books today as that of ,schmolck4 ,born at ,brauchitzdorf1 ,silesia1 where his father was pastor1 he was sent to school at ,lauban at the age of sixteen4 ,after an absence of five years the young man returned home and was invited to fill his father's pulpit4 ,the sermon he preached so pleased the father that he determined to send him to the ,university of ,leipzig to study for the ministry4 ,in #afig he returned to ,brauchitzdorf to be ordained as his father's assistant4 ,in #agjb ,schmolck became pastor of ,friedenskirche at ,schweidnitz1 in ,silesia4 ,according to the terms of the ,peace of ,westphalia in #afdh1 all of the churches in this district had been turned over to the ,catholics1 and only a meeting-house1 built of timber and clay and without tower or bells1 was allowed to the ,lutherans4 ,here ,schmolck labored patiently for thirty-five years under the most trying circumstances1 not even being permitted to administer communion to the dying except by consent of the ,catholic authorities4 ,schmolck's hymns and spiritual songs1 numbering #a1ahc in all1 brought him fame all over ,germany4 ,many have been translated into ,english4 ,his fervent love for the ,saviour is beautifully reflected in the hymn3 ,my ,jesus1 as ,thou wilt6 ,o may ,thy will be mine6 ,into ,thy hand of love ,i would my all resign2 ,through sorrow or through joy1 ,conduct me as ,thine own1 ,and help me still to say1 ,my ,lord1 ,thy will be done6 ,light of light1 enlighten me1 a noble hymn of praise and adoration1 has been happily wedded to a glorious chorale by ,bach4 ,other hymns that have won renown throughout the ,christian world include ,open now thy gates of beauty1 ,welcome1 ,thou ,victor in the strife1 ,blessed ,jesus1 here we stand1 ,what our ,father does is well1 ,my ,god1 ,i know that ,i must die1 ,hallelujah1 ,lo1 ,he wakes1 ,my truest ,friend abides in heaven1 and ,precious ,word from ,god in heaven4 ,the joyous spirit in many of ,schmolck's hymns may be seen reflected in the beautiful temple hymn3 ,open now thy gates of beauty1 ,zion1 let me enter there4 ,where my soul in joyful duty ,waits for ,him who answers prayer2 ,o how blessed is this place1 ,filled with solace1 light1 and grace6 ,neumeister followed the example of ,schmolck in becoming an ardent champion of the older1 conservative ,lutheranism4 ,although he was greatly influenced as a youth by the writings of ,francke1 he later became convinced that there were dangerous tendencies in the ,halle and ,herrnhut movements1 and he did not hesitate to issue violent polemics against them4 ,his hymns1 on the other hand1 offer a curious contrast to his other writings4 ,often they reveal a warmth and tenderness of feeling that would have merited a place for them in any ,pietistic hymn-book4 ,this may be seen in the hymn1 ,jesus sinners doth receive1 which has also been translated ,sinners may to ,christ draw near3 ,jesus sinners doth receive6 ,word of surest consolation2 ,word all sorrow to relieve1 ,word of pardon1 peace1 salvation6 ,naught like this can comfort give3 ,jesus sinners doth receive6 ,neumeister became pastor of ,st4 ,james church in ,hamburg in #agae1 where he remained for forty-one years until his death in #agef4 ,his fame does not rest merely upon his hymns1 although he wrote #fej in all1 but ,neumeister will also be remembered as the originator of the ,church ,cantata4 ,in this new field of musical art he was fortunate in having the cooperation of such a genius as ,bach4 ,bach belonged to the fifth generation of a remarkable family of musicians4 ,as many as thirty-seven of the family are known to have held important musical positions4 ,john ,sebastian1 who is by far the greatest musician the ,protestant ,church has produced1 was born in ,eisenach1 on ,march #ba1 #afhe4 ,the greater part of his life was spent in ,leipzig1 where he labored from #agbc until his death in #agej as cantor of the ,thomas school and director of music at the ,thomas and ,nicolai churches4 ,bach's devotion to the ,lutheran ,church has been likened to that of ,palestrina to the ,catholic ,church4 ,there is no loftier example of musical genius dedicated to the service of the ,christian religion than we find in the life of ,bach4 ,he felt that his life was consecrated to ,god1 to the honor of his ,church1 and to the blessing of mankind4 ,although it was the age when the opera was flourishing in ,europe1 ,bach gave no attention to it1 but devoted all his remarkable talent to church music4 ,as master of the organ1 ,bach has never been equaled4 ,his chorales and passion music also belong in a class by themselves4 ,a famous critic has written3 ,mozart and ,beethoven failed in oratorio1 ,schubert in opera2 the ,italian operas of ,gluck and ,handel have perished4 ,even in the successful work of these men there is a strange inequality4 ,but upon all that ,bach attempted--and the amount of his work is no less a marvel than its quality--he affixed the stamp of final and inimitable perfection4 ,with the passing of years1 ,bach's genius is being recognized more and more throughout the ,christian ,church4 ,the performance of his cantatas by the ,catholic ,schola ,cantorum of ,paris is one of the many testimonies to the universality of the art of this son of ,lutheranism4 ,there is something in his mighty productions that touches the deepest chords of religious emotion1 regardless of creed or communion4 ,a ,hymn on the ,mystical ,union ,thou hidden love of ,god1 whose height1 ,whose depth unfathomed no man knows1 ,i see from far ,thy beauteous light1 ,inly ,i sigh for ,thy repose3 ,my heart is pained1 nor can it be ,at rest2 till it find rest in ,thee4 ,is there a thing beneath the sun ,that strives with ,thee my heart to share8 ,ah6 tear it thence1 and reign alone1 ,the ,lord of every motion there4 ,then shall my heart from earth be free1 ,when it hath found repose in ,thee4 ,o hide this self from me1 that ,i ,no more1 but ,christ in me1 may live6 ,my base affections crucify1 ,nor let one favorite sin survive2 ,in all things nothing may ,i see1 ,nothing desire1 or seek1 but ,thee4 ,each moment draw from earth away ,my heart that lowly waits ,thy call6 ,speak to my inmost soul1 and say3 ,i am thy ,love1 thy ,god1 thy ,all6 ,to feel ,thy power1 to hear ,thy voice1 ,to taste ,thy love1 be all my choice6 ,gerhard ,tersteegen1 #agbi4 ,,gerhard ,,tersteegen1 ,,hymn-,,writer ,,and ,,mystic ,while ,benjamin ,schmolck must be regarded as the greatest of ,lutheran hymn-writers in ,germany during the eighteenth century1 ,gerhard ,tersteegen holds the same distinction among ,german ,reformed hymnists4 ,except for the ,wesleys in ,england1 no man during his age exerted so great a spiritual influence in evangelical circles of all lands as did ,tersteegen4 ,in some respects his religious views bordered on fanaticism1 but no one could question his deep sincerity and his earnest desire to live the life hidden with ,christ in ,god4 ,born at ,moers1 ,rhenish ,prussia1 ,november #be1 #afig1 ,tersteegen was only six years old when his father died4 ,it had been the plan of his parents that he should become a ,reformed minister1 but the death of the father made it impossible for the mother to carry out this purpose4 ,at the age of sixteen he was apprenticed to a merchant1 and four years later entered business on his own account4 ,although he was only twenty years old at this time1 he began to experience seasons of deep spiritual despondency4 ,this lasted for nearly five years1 during which time he changed his occupation to that of silk weaving1 since he desired more time for prayer and meditation4 ,it was not until the year #agbd1 while on a journey to a neighboring town1 that light seemed to dawn on his troubled soul1 and he was filled with the assurance that ,god's grace in ,christ ,jesus was sufficient to atone for all sin4 ,in the joy and peace which he had found1 he immediately wrote the beautiful hymn1 ,how gracious1 kind and good1 my great ,high ,priest1 art ,thou4 ,from this time until the close of his life1 ,tersteegen began to devote his energies more and more to religious work and literary activities4 ,an independent religious movement known as ,stillen im ,lande had begun about this time1 and he soon became known as a leader among these people4 ,tersteegen had already ceased to associate with his friends in the ,reformed ,church1 and had gone over to religious mysticism4 ,in one of his strange spiritual moods he wrote what he called a covenant between himself and ,god and signed it with his own blood4 ,finally he gave up business pursuits entirely1 and his home became the refuge of multitudes of sick and spiritually troubled people4 ,it came to be known as the ,pilgrim's ,hut1 from the fact that many found a temporary retreat there1 as well as spiritual help and guidance4 ,tersteegen also traveled extensively in his own district1 and made frequent visits to ,holland to hold meetings there4 ,tersteegen never married1 and for this reason he was accused of teaching celibacy4 ,several sects1 including the ,moravians1 sought to induce him to become one of their number1 but he steadfastly refused to identify himself with any organized church body4 ,he died at ,muelheim1 ,april #cj1 #agfi4 ,tersteegen's hymns1 as well as his other writings1 reflect his spirit of mysticism4 ,his soul was imbued with the sense of the nearness of ,god1 and1 through a life of spiritual communion and a renunciation of the world1 he developed a simplicity of faith and a child-like trust that found beautiful expression in his hymns4 ,two of these1 ,thou hidden love of ,god whose height and ,lo1 ,god is here1 let us adore1 made a deep impression on ,john ,wesley1 who translated the former during his visit to ,georgia in #agcf4 ,wesley became familiar with ,tersteegen's hymns through contact with ,moravian pilgrims who were crossing the ,atlantic on the same ship on which he sailed4 ,lo1 ,god is here1 let us adore has several ,english versions1 including ,god is in ,his temple and ,god ,himself is present4 ,another of ,tersteegen's hymns1 ,god calling yet6 shall ,i not hear8 is one of the most stirring calls to repentance in all the realm of ,christian hymnody4 ,it was rendered into ,english by ,mrs4 ,sarah ,borthwick ,findlater in the series of translations known as ,hymns from the ,land of ,luther4 ,other noted hymns by ,tersteegen include ,jesus1 whom ,thy ,church doth own1 ,o ,love divine1 all else transcending1 and ,triumph1 ye heavens1 the latter a ,christmas lyric of exultant strain4 ,tersteegen's conception of the high place which hymnody should occupy in ,christian worship is revealed in his writings4 ,he says3 ,the pious1 reverential singing of hymns has something angelic about it and is accompanied by divine blessing4 ,it quiets and subdues the troubled emotions2 it drives away cares and anxieties2 it strengthens1 refreshes and encourages the soul2 it draws the mind unconsciously from external things1 lifts up the soul to joyful adoration1 and thus prepares us to worship in spirit and in truth4 ,we should sing with the spirit of reverence1 with sincerity1 simplicity and hearty desire4444 ,when you sing1 ,o soul1 remember that you are as truly communing with the holy and omnipresent ,god as when you are praying4 ,consider that you are standing in spirit before the throne of ,god with countless thousands of angels and spirits of the just and that you are blending your weak praises with the music of heaven4 ,serve the ,lord with fear1 and rejoice with trembling4 ,following a ,heavenly ,leader ,jesus1 still lead on1 ,till our rest be won1 ,and although the way be cheerless1 ,we will follow1 calm and fearless4 ,guide us by ,thy hand ,to our ,fatherland6 ,if the way be drear1 ,if the foe be near1 ,let not faithless fear o'ertake us1 ,let not faith and hope forsake us2 ,for through many a foe ,to our home we go6 ,when we seek relief ,from a long-felt grief1 ,when temptations come alluring1 ,make us patient and enduring1 ,show us that bright shore ,where we weep no more6 ,jesus1 still lead on1 ,till our rest be won2 ,heavenly ,leader1 still direct us1 ,still support1 console1 protect us1 ,till we safely stand ,in our ,fatherland6 ,nicolaus ,ludwig1 ,count ,zinzendorf1 #agba ,,zinzendorf ,,and ,,moravian ,,hymnody ,the church of the ,moravian ,brethren is famous for two things3 its missionary zeal and its love for church music4 ,it owes both of these distinguishing characteristics to its great founder and patron leader1 ,nicolaus ,ludwig1 ,count von ,zinzendorf4 ,not only was this very unusual man a gifted writer of hymns1 but he was also an ardent exponent of foreign missions4 ,zinzendorf was only ten years old when his soul was fired with a passionate desire to do something to help win the world for ,christ4 ,he was a pupil at the famous ,pietist school of ,francke at ,halle1 ,germany1 at the time1 and through his endeavors a mission society known as ,the ,order of the ,grain of ,mustard ,seed1 was organized among the lads of his own age4 ,a few years later he chanced to see a copy of ,sternberg's masterpiece1 ,ecce ,homo1 depicting ,christ wearing ,his crown of thorns before ,pilate and the ,jewish mob4 ,beneath the famous picture were inscribed the words3 ,this have ,i done for thee2 ,what hast thou done for ,me8 ,from that moment ,zinzendorf took as his life motto3 ,i have but one passion1 and that is ,he and only ,he4 ,on his wedding day1 in #agbb1 he and his young bride decided to renounce their rank and to dedicate their lives to the task of winning souls for ,christ4 ,the ,lord took them at their word4 ,in that same year a number of ,protestant refugees from ,moravia1 who had been compelled to leave their homes because of ,roman ,catholic persecution1 arrived in ,saxony and found refuge on ,zinzendorf's large estate4 ,they were a remnant of the ,bohemian ,brethren1 a heroic religious communion which dated back to the days of the noble martyr1 ,john ,huss4 ,though relentlessly hunted and persecuted for more than three centuries1 this early evangelical body had continued to maintain its existence in the form of secret religious circles known as the hidden seed4 ,under the protection of ,count ,zinzendorf1 the little band of ,moravian refugees established a religious center which they called ,herrnhut4 ,zinzendorf1 who was a ,lutheran1 induced them to adopt the ,augsburg ,confession as a statement of their doctrine1 but they continued to exist as an independent church body4 ,people from all over ,europe1 hearing that religious freedom was enjoyed on the ,zinzendorf estates1 flocked to ,herrnhut in large numbers to escape persecution1 and it soon became a flourishing colony4 ,in #agcg ,zinzendorf accepted ordination as a bishop of the ,brethren1 and thus became the real leader of the organization4 ,he immediately began to impart his own missionary zeal to the ,moravian movement4 ,two of the earliest missionaries1 ,david ,nitschmann and ,leonard ,dober1 were sent to the island of ,st4 ,thomas1 in the ,west ,indies1 to preach the gospel to the negro slaves4 ,the blacks were so embittered because of the cruel treatment received at the hands of their taskmasters that they refused to listen to the missionaries1 and very little progress could be made4 ,at last1 in order to gain their confidence1 ,dober sold himself as a slave and shared their hardships with them4 ,he soon died1 however1 as a result of this deed4 ,the story of his heroic sacrifice so moved the heart of ,prime ,minister ,wilberforce of ,england that he forthwith determined to begin the movement which eventually led to the emancipation of all slaves in the ,british empire4 ,missionary zeal continued to flourish among the ,moravians1 and the little colony of ,herrnhut became known as one of the most famous missionary centers of ,christendom4 ,every one of its members felt that he possessed no permanent habitation in this world1 and was prepared every day to be sent to any part of the globe4 ,though still a small organization today1 the ,moravian ,church has never lost its missionary spirit4 ,it is claimed that for every fifty-eight members of the ,church at home1 there is one missionary in foreign lands4 ,when ,carey went to ,india1 the ,moravians already had #afe missionaries in the pagan world4 ,zinzendorf was a great lover of music4 ,even as a boy1 he wrote hymns4 ,the first was written at the age of twelve1 and he was still producing hymns in #agfj1 the year of his death4 ,altogether1 he is credited with the authorship of more than #b1jjj lyrics4 ,his most famous is ,jesus1 still lead on1 which is also known as ,jesus1 lead the way4 ,john ,wesley was a great admirer of ,zinzendorf's hymns and has given us the beautiful ,english translation of ,jesus1 thy blood and righteousness4 ,james ,montgomery1 the noted ,english hymnist1 was a member of the ,moravian communion4 ,a ,glorious ,hymn of ,adoration ,beautiful ,saviour6 ,king of ,creation6 ,son of ,god and ,son of ,man6 ,truly ,i'd love ,thee1 ,truly ,i'd serve ,thee1 ,light of my soul1 my ,joy1 my ,crown4 ,fair are the meadows1 ,fair are the woodlands1 ,robed in flowers of blooming spring2 ,jesus is fairer1 ,jesus is purer2 ,he makes our sorrowing spirit sing4 ,fair is the sunshine1 ,fair is the moonlight1 ,bright the sparkling stars on high2 ,jesus shines brighter1 ,jesus shines purer ,than all the angels in the sky4 ,beautiful ,saviour6 ,lord of the nations6 ,son of ,god and ,son of ,man6 ,glory and honor1 ,praise1 adoration1 ,now and for evermore be ,thine6 ,muenster ,gesangbuch1 #afgg4 ,,two ,,famous ,,hymns ,,and ,,some ,,legends ,every hymn has a story4 ,ofttimes1 however1 the origin is obscure1 and it is difficult to trace its birth out of the misty past4 ,again there are so many legends that have gathered around the great lyrics of the ages1 many of them generally accepted1 that it becomes a painful process to get rid of these excrescences4 ,two beautiful ,german hymns1 ,schoenster ,herr ,jesu and ,stille ,nacht6 ,heilige ,nacht6 may serve to illustrate these difficulties4 ,in innumerable hymn-books the former hymn1 sometimes translated ,beautiful ,saviour and sometimes ,fairest ,lord ,jesus1 is designated as ,the ,crusaders' ,hymn4 ,the hymn was first introduced to ,american worshipers by ,richard ,storrs ,willis1 who included it in his ,church ,chorals and ,choir ,studies1 published in #ahej4 ,it was accompanied with this explanation3 ,this hymn1 to which the harmony has been added1 was lately 7#ahej7 discovered in ,westphalia4 ,according to the traditionary text by which it is accompanied1 it was wont to be sung by the ,german knights on their way to ,jerusalem4 ,the only hymn of the same century which in point of style resembles this is one quoted by ,burney from the ,chatelaine de ,coucy1 set about the year #aaij1 very far inferior1 however1 to this4 ,in a ,london hymn-book1 ,heart ,melodies by ,morgan and ,chase1 the same error is repeated4 ,there it is referred to as ,crusader's ,hymn of the ,twelfth ,century4 ,this air and hymn used to be sung by the ,german pilgrims on their way to ,jerusalem4 ,for these statements1 writes ,james ,mearns1 there does not seem to be the shadow of foundation1 for the air referred to has not been traced earlier than #ahdb1 nor the words than #afgg4 ,the hymn appeared anonymously in the ,muenster ,gesangbuch of #afgg1 where it was published as the first of ,three beautiful selected new hymns4 ,in a book of ,silesian folk songs1 published in ,leipzig in #ahdb1 the text is found in altered form and the beautiful melody to which it is now sung is given for the first time4 ,both text and melody1 it is explained in this book1 were taken down from oral recitation in the district of ,glaz1 in lower ,silesia4 ,from these facts we are compelled to draw the conclusion that this glorious hymn of adoration to the ,saviour probably dates back to the seventeenth century1 while the melody is undoubtedly a ,silesian folk song of much later origin4 ,the ,english translation1 ,beautiful ,saviour1 has come to us from the pen of ,joseph ,a4 ,seiss1 the noted ,lutheran preacher of ,philadelphia4 ,silent night1 holy night also is a hymn around which numerous legends have clustered4 ,the most unfortunate of these deals with its origin4 ,according to this story1 the hymn was written on a ,christmas ,eve by a ,mr4 ,mohr1 whose wife that very day had gone to celebrate ,christmas in heaven4 ,in an adjoining room the grief-stricken husband and father could see his little motherless children sleeping4 ,outside the house of mourning the stillness of the night was broken suddenly by the singing of ,christmas carolers4 ,they were singing the very songs his wife and children used to sing4 ,now1 he thought1 she is blending her voice with the angels4 ,then came the inspiration for the hymn1 and in a few moments he had penned the now famous ,stille ,nacht4 ,this is a very touching story1 but its fatal defect lies in the fact that ,mr4 ,mohr was a ,roman ,catholic priest4 ,the true story of the origin of the hymn has much less of the emotional appeal4 ,the author1 ,joseph ,mohr1 was born at ,salzburg1 ,austria1 ,december #aa1 #agib4 ,he was ordained as a priest at the age of twenty-three1 becoming assistant at ,laufen1 near his native city4 ,it was here1 three years later1 that the beautiful ,christmas carol was written4 ,it seems that a shipowner at ,oberndorf named ,maier and his wife had invited the young priest to be their guest at a pre-,christmas party4 ,as a special surprise for the priest1 ,maier had invited some wandering minstrels to stage a crude representation of the ,christmas story as recounted in the ,bible4 ,the thoughtful hospitality of the ,maier couple and the touching simplicity of the festival play so stirred the heart of ,mohr that1 instead of going straightway home1 he climbed the so-called ,totenberg1 7mountain of the dead7 overlooking ,oberndorf1 and stood in silent meditation4 ,the silence of the night1 the starry splendor of the winter sky1 the murmur of the ,salzach river thrilled his soul4 ,quickly he descended to his parish house1 and late that night wrote the words of ,stille ,nacht4 ,the next day he hurried to his friend and co-worker1 ,franz ,gruber1 organist and school teacher1 and asked him to write music for his lines4 ,the latter eagerly embraced the opportunity1 and thus was given to the world one of the most exquisite of ,christmas carols4 ,a ,classical ,harvest ,hymn ,we plow the fields and scatter ,the good seed on the land1 ,but it is fed and watered ,by ,god's almighty hand2 ,he sends the snow in winter1 ,the warmth to swell the grain1 ,the breezes and the sunshine1 ,and soft1 refreshing rain4 ,he only is the ,maker ,of all things near and far2 ,he paints the wayside flower1 ,he lights the evening star2 ,the winds and waves obey ,him1 ,by ,him the birds are fed2 ,much more to us1 ,his children1 ,he gives our daily bread4 ,we thank ,thee1 then1 ,o ,father1 ,for all things bright and good1 ,the seedtime and the harvest1 ,our life1 our health1 our food2 ,no gifts have we to offer ,for all ,thy love imparts1 ,but that which ,thou desirest1 ,our humble1 thankful hearts4 ,matthias ,claudius1 #aghb4 ,,hymnody ,,in ,,the ,,age ,,of ,,rationalism ,in religion1 as in other things1 the pendulum often swings from one extreme to the other4 ,scarcely had the ,pietistic movement run its course before the rationalistic tendencies which had thrown religious thought into confusion in ,france and ,england began to make their appearance in ,germany4 ,rationalism was an attempt to subject all revealed religion to the test and judgment of the human reason4 ,that which seemed to contradict reason was rejected as superstitious and untrue4 ,strangely enough1 the ,university of ,halle1 which had been the citadel of ,pietism1 became the stronghold of ,rationalism in ,germany4 ,christian ,wolff and ,johann ,semler1 noted philosophers of ,halle1 were leaders in the movement4 ,it was not their purpose to establish a new religion of reason1 but to purge ,christianity of the things that seemed unreasonable4 ,but the results of the movement were devastating4 ,the miracles of the ,bible that could not be explained by natural causes were rejected as fables4 ,christ was robbed of ,his glory as a divine ,saviour and was regarded only as a teacher of morals4 ,religion became merely the knowledge of ,god and the pursuit of virtue4 ,what remained of ,christianity was a mere shadow3 a hypothesis concerning ,god and immortality1 and a teaching of external morality1 the attainment of which was largely a matter of man's own efforts4 ,rationalism cast its blight over the hymnody of all ,europe1 but particularly in ,germany4 ,it was the golden age of ,german literature1 but such geniuses as ,goethe1 ,schiller1 ,lessing and ,wieland were not filled with the ,christian zeal of earlier poets1 and they wrote no hymns4 ,most of the hymns that were produced were so tinged with the spirit of the new theology that they contained no elements of vitality to give them permanent value4 ,the ,rationalists were not satisfied with criticizing the ,bible2 they also sought to purge the hymn-books4 ,the old hymns of ,luther1 ,heermann1 ,selnecker1 and ,gerhardt were so completely altered that a noted ,german hymnologist1 ,albert ,knapp1 was moved to observe ironically3 ,the old hymns were subjected to a kind of transmigration of soul by which their spirits1 after having lost their own personality1 entered into other bodies4 ,only a few writers1 such as ,friedrich ,gottlieb ,klopstock1 ,balthasar ,muenter1 ,christian ,gellert and ,matthias ,claudius1 wrote hymns of any abiding worth4 ,klopstock1 the ,german ,milton1 whose epic1 ,messiah1 thrilled ,germany as had no other poetic work in centuries1 essayed to write a few hymns1 but he soared too high4 ,his hymns lacked simplicity of style and were too emotional and subjective to be used for public worship4 ,only two ,english translations are familiar--,blessed are the heirs of heaven1 a funeral hymn1 and ,grant us1 ,lord1 due preparation1 a communion hymn4 ,klopstock spent nearly twenty years of his life at the ,danish court1 having been invited there by ,king ,fredrik ,v through the influence of ,count von ,bernstorff1 who had become greatly interested in the epic1 ,messiah4 ,the ,danish monarch gave the poet an annual pension in order to assist him in completing his famous poem without being oppressed by financial worries4 ,in #aggj ,klopstock returned to ,hamburg1 where he died in #ahjc4 ,gellert1 who was born in ,hainichen1 ,saxony1 ,july #d1 #agae1 intended to become a ,lutheran pastor4 ,after completing his theological course at the ,university of ,leipzig1 however1 he found it difficult to deliver sermons without the use of a manuscript1 and therefore decided to take up teaching4 ,in #agde he became a member of the faculty of the ,university of ,leipzig1 where he remained until his death in #agfi4 ,among his pupils were many famous men of ,germany1 including ,goethe and ,lessing4 ,gellert's hymns1 although influenced by the age in which he lived1 are singular for their genuine1 evangelical utterance4 ,it is said that he never attempted to write a hymn except when he was in the proper frame of mind1 and only after a season of prayer4 ,his ,easter hymn1 ,jesus lives6 thy terrors now1 has gained great popularity1 both in ,england and in ,america4 ,in the former country it has been sung at the funerals of some of ,england's greatest churchmen4 ,his communion hymn also breathes a spirit of true faith in ,christ3 ,crushed by my sin1 ,o ,lord1 to ,thee ,i come in my affliction3 ,o full of pity1 look on me1 ,impart ,thy benediction4 ,my sins are great1 where shall ,i flee8 ,the blood of ,jesus speaks for me2 ,for all my sins ,he carried4 ,matthias ,claudius1 the author of the splendid hymn1 ,we plow the fields and scatter1 like ,gellert1 had intended to prepare himself for the ,lutheran ministry4 ,while attending the ,university of ,jena1 however1 the ,rationalistic teachings with which he came in contact caused him to lose interest in religion1 and he decided to take up journalism instead4 ,in #aggg he became editor of a newspaper at ,darmstadt1 at which place he became acquainted with ,goethe and a group of freethinking philosophers4 ,stricken by a serious illness1 ,claudius began to realize something of the spiritual emptiness of the life he had been living1 and in his hour of need he turned again to his childhood faith4 ,when he had recovered1 he gave up his position and removed to ,wandsbeck1 where he edited the ,wandsbecker ,bote in a true ,christian spirit4 ,in the life-story of ,claudius we may discern something of the reaction that was already taking place in many quarters against the deadening influence of ,rationalism4 ,men were hungering for the old evangel of salvation1 and there were evidences everywhere of the dawn of a happier day4 ,although ,claudius' poems were not essentially ,church hymns1 they were lyrics that seemed to strike anew some of the strings of ,gerhardt's harp4 ,this is seen especially in his surpassingly beautiful ode to evening1 ,the silent moon is risen1 written in the same spirit and meter as ,gerhardt's famous evening hymn4 ,the first stanza has been translated3 ,the silent moon is risen1 ,the golden star-fires glisten ,in heaven serene and bright2 ,the forest sleeps in shadow1 ,and slowly off the meadow ,a mist is curling1 silver-white4 ,another stanza1 reflecting something of ,claudius' own spiritual groping and1 at the same time1 confessing the futility of all human efforts to attain moral perfection1 reads3 ,we1 poor1 frail mortals1 groping1 ,half fearing and half hoping1 ,in darkness seek our way2 ,our airy cobwebs spinning ,with erring and with sinning1 ,far from the mark we sadly stray4 ,in the lyrics of ,claudius we may observe a transition from the spiritually impoverished hymn production of the rationalistic period to a new type of hymnody1 giving expression to the old rugged faith in a more elegant form4 ,men's souls could no longer be satisfied with the dry husks of philosophical speculation and were turning again to the ,bread of ,god which cometh down from heaven and giveth life unto the world4 ,balthasar ,muenter was another faithful witness to the truth in this unhappy age of widespread skepticism and unbelief4 ,born at ,luebeck in #agce1 he became ,lutheran court pastor at ,gotha and afterwards of the ,german ,church of ,st4 ,peter in ,copenhagen4 ,he was the writer of about #ajj hymns1 many of which were set to tunes composed for them by the greatest musicians of the day4 ,among the best known hymns of ,muenter are ,lord1 ,thou ,source of all perfection1 ,full of reverence1 at ,thy ,word1 ,behold the man6 how heavy lay1 and ,woe unto him who says1 ,there is no ,god4 ,a ,picture of a ,christian ,home ,o happy home1 where ,thou art loved the dearest1 ,thou loving ,friend and ,saviour of our race1 ,and where among the guests there never cometh ,one who can hold such high and honored place6 ,o happy home1 where two1 in heart united1 ,in holy faith and blessed hope are one1 ,whom death a little while alone divideth1 ,and cannot end the union here begun6 ,o happy home1 whose little ones are given ,early to ,thee in humble faith and prayer1 ,to ,thee1 their ,friend1 who from the heights of heaven ,guides them1 and guards with more than mother's care4 ,o happy home1 where each one serves ,thee lowly1 ,whatever his appointed work may be1 ,till every common task seems great and holy1 ,when it is done1 ,o ,lord1 as unto ,thee6 ,o happy home1 where ,thou art not forgotten ,when joy is overflowing1 full and free1 ,o happy home1 where every wounded spirit ,is brought1 ,physician1 ,comforter1 to ,thee4 ,and when at last all earthly toil is ended1 ,all meet ,thee in the blessed home above1 ,from whence ,thou camest1 where ,thou hast ascended-- ,thine everlasting home of peace and love4 ,carl ,johann ,philipp ,spitta1 #ahcc4 ,,hymns ,,of ,,the ,,spiritual ,,renaissance ,in the early part of the nineteenth century a great spiritual revival swept over ,germany and other parts of evangelical ,europe4 ,in some respects it resembled the earlier ,pietistic movement in ,germany and the ,wesleyan revival in ,england1 except that it was more conservative than either4 ,in ,germany the old orthodox conservatives and the more radical ,pietists joined forces to fight ,rationalism1 and the union was of benefit to both groups4 ,there were many influences that contributed to the overthrow of ,rationalism4 ,chief among these was the widespread suffering and distress in ,germany1 both physical and spiritual1 following the ,napoleonic wars4 ,jacobs has well said3 ,when earthly props fall and temporal foundations crumble1 men turn1 almost perforce1 to ,god4 ,the downfall of ,napoleon and the great empire he had founded was an object lesson to the world of the transitory character of all things material4 ,the great thinker1 ,immanuel ,kant1 also helped to undermine the walls of ,rationalism by pointing out the limitatations of the human reason4 ,he was followed by the famous theologian1 ,friedrich ,schleiermacher1 who taught that the seat of religion is not to be found in either the reason or will1 but in feeling--the feeling of absolute dependence upon ,god4 ,the way was thus paved for the zealous efforts of ,claus ,harms1 who in #ahag1 the #cjjth anniversary of the ,reformation1 published a new set of ninety-five theses and called upon his countrymen to return again to the pure evangelical teachings of ,luther4 ,spring-time always brings song-birds and flowers4 ,it was spring-time in the religious life of ,germany1 and the sweet notes of evangelical hymnody again were heard throughout the land4 ,carl ,johann ,philipp ,spitta was the greatest ,german hymn-writer of the nineteenth century4 ,he was born ,august #a1 #ahja1 in ,hannover4 ,his father1 who was a descendant of a ,huguenot family that fled from ,france during the ,catholic persecutions1 died when ,carl was only four years old4 ,his mother was a ,christian ,jewess1 and it is a beautiful tribute to her fostering care that the finest hymn ever written on the ,christian home came from the pen of her son4 ,no doubt it was the memory of his childhood home that led ,spitta to write3 ,o happy home1 whose little ones are given ,early to ,thee in humble faith and prayer1 ,to ,thee1 their ,friend1 who from the heights of heaven ,guides them1 and guards with more than mother's care4 ,spitta began to write verse at the age of eight4 ,it was his mother's ambition that he should study for the ministry1 but1 because of his frail health1 it was decided that he should become a watchmaker1 and a younger brother was sent to school instead4 ,the latter died1 however1 and now ,carl was given his opportunity4 ,he completed his theological studies in #ahbd1 taught school for four years in ,luene1 and in #ahbh he was ordained to the ,lutheran ministry4 ,during his university days1 ,spitta had become a bosom friend of ,heinrich ,heine1 the famous poet and prose writer4 ,when the latter visited ,spitta at ,luene1 however1 and scoffed at holy things in the presence of ,spitta's pupils1 the friendship came to an abrupt end4 ,it was about this time that ,spitta passed through a deep spiritual experience1 the result of which was the composition of some of his finest hymns4 ,writing to a friend in #ahbf1 he says1 ,in the manner in which ,i formerly sang1 ,i sing no more4 ,to the ,lord ,i dedicate my life1 my love1 and likewise my song4 ,he gave to me song and melody4 ,i give it back to ,him4 ,spitta's hymns aroused unparalleled enthusiasm4 ,his ,psalter und ,harfe1 first published in #ahcc1 appeared in a second and larger edition the following year4 ,thereafter a new edition appeared every year1 and by #ahhi no less than fifty-five editions had been published4 ,a second collection of hymns was printed in #ahdc1 and by #ahhg it had passed through forty-two editions4 ,the popularity of ,spitta's hymns also spread to other lands1 and a large number are found in ,english and ,american hymn-books4 ,spitta's child-like faith and his fervent love to the ,saviour may be seen reflected in such a hymn as3 ,i know no life divided1 ,o ,lord of life1 from ,thee3 ,in ,thee is life provided ,for all mankind and me2 ,i know no death1 ,o ,jesus1 ,because ,i live in ,thee2 ,thy death it is that frees us ,from death eternally4 ,other well-known hymns from this consecrated writer are ,o come1 ,eternal ,spirit1 ,by the holy hills surrounded1 ,i place myself in ,jesus' hands1 ,thou1 whose coming seers and sages1 ,we are the ,lord's3 ,his all-sufficient merit1 ,how blessed from the bonds of sin1 ,we praise and bless ,thee1 gracious ,lord1 ,brethren1 called by one vocation1 ,withhold not1 ,lord1 the help ,i crave1 ,o blessed ,sun1 whose splendor1 and ,say1 my soul1 what preparation4 ,the beloved ,german psalmist passed away suddenly while seated at his desk1 ,september #bh1 #ahei4 ,most noted among the contemporaries of ,spitta was ,albert ,knapp1 who1 although his hymns never met with the popular favor that attended ,spitta's efforts1 nevertheless excelled the latter as a poet4 ,knapp was born at ,tuebingen1 ,july #be1 #agih1 and was educated for the ,lutheran ministry in the ,university at that place4 ,his most important post after ordination was at ,st4 ,leonard's church in ,stuttgart1 where he served from #ahde until his death in #ahfd4 ,knapp was not only a hymnist but also a hymnologist4 ,perhaps the greatest service he rendered his ,church was the editing of a collection of more than #c1jjj of the great hymns of ,germany4 ,this monumental work1 known as ,evangelischer ,lieder-,schatz1 is the most comprehensive hymn collection ever published in ,german1 and is a veritable gold-mine of the classics of ,protestant hymnody4 ,knapp has been severely criticized1 however1 for the liberties he took in revising the hymns of some of the older writers4 ,the best known of his own works is a baptismal hymn1 ,father1 who hast created all4 ,a hymn for church dedication begins with the line1 ,o ,god1 whom we as ,father know4 ,carl ,bernhard ,garve1 a ,moravian pastor1 also contributed a number of compositions to the hymns of this period1 the best known of which is the beautiful tribute to the ,holy ,scripture3 ,thy ,word1 ,o ,lord1 like gentle dews1 ,falls soft on hearts that pine2 ,lord1 to ,thy garden ne'er refuse ,this heavenly balm of ,thine4 ,watered by ,thee1 let every tree ,forth-blossom to ,thy praise1 ,by grace of ,thine bear fruit divine ,through all the coming days4 ,garve served congregations in ,amsterdam1 ,ebersdorf1 ,berlin1 and ,neusalz4 ,he spent the last years of his life in ,herrnhut1 where he died in #ahda4 ,garve was the most important among the later ,moravian hymn-writers4 ,many of his hymns have been adopted by other communions1 particularly the ,lutheran ,church4 ,to ,friedrich ,adolf ,krummacher1 a ,reformed pastor1 we owe the highly prized hymn3 ,thou art the ,way1 the ,truth1 the ,life from heaven1 ,this blest assurance ,thou to us hast given2 ,o wilt ,thou teach us1 ,lord1 to win ,thy pleasure ,in fullest measure8 ,krummacher was a teacher of theology in the ,reformed ,university of ,duisburg4 ,after the battle of ,jena in #ahjf ,duisburg was taken from ,prussia by ,napoleon and the salaries of the professors were cut off4 ,krummacher continued to lecture1 however1 until his class consisted of one student6 ,he afterwards served as pastor in a number of cities1 finally accepting appointment to ,st4 ,ansgarius church in ,bremen4 ,he died in ,bremen in #ahde4 ,of the more modern hymn-writers of ,germany the best known is ,karl von ,gerok1 chief court preacher at ,stuttgart1 where he died as recently as #ahij4 ,an eloquent preacher and able writer1 he attained fame principally through the publication in #aheg of a collection of poems known as ,palmblaetter4 ,this work received a marvelous circulation in ,germany1 and by #aiaf no less than #acj editions had been printed4 ,although most of ,gerok's compositions are poems rather than hymns1 a few have found their way into hymn-books4 ,a devotional hymn by von ,gerok reads3 ,holy1 holy1 holy1 blessed ,lord1 ,all the choirs of heaven now adore ,thee2 ,o that ,i might join that great white host1 ,casting down their golden crowns before ,thee4 ,look on me1 a creature of the dust1 ,pity me1 though ,i have naught of merit2 ,let me bring to ,thee for ,jesus' sake ,humble praises of a contrite spirit4 ,bend ,thine ear1 dear ,lord1 and hear my prayer2 ,cleanse me in ,thy blood for sinners given2 ,deck me in the robe of spotless white ,thou hast promised to ,thy bride in heaven4 ,,part ,,iii ,scandinavian ,hymnody ,a ,hymn in ,luther's ,style ,our ,father1 merciful and good1 ,who dost to ,thee invite us1 ,o cleanse us in our ,saviour's blood1 ,and to ,thyself unite us6 ,send unto us ,thy ,holy ,word1 ,and let it guide us ever2 ,then in this world of darkness1 ,lord1 ,shall naught from ,thee us sever3 ,grant us1 ,o ,lord1 this favor6 ,o ,god and man1 ,christ ,jesus blest6 ,our sorrows ,thou didst carry4 ,our wants and cares ,thou knowest best1 ,for ,thou with us didst tarry4 ,o ,jesus ,christ1 our ,brother dear1 ,to us and every nation ,thy ,spirit send1 let ,him draw near ,with truth and consolation1 ,that we may see salvation4 ,come1 ,holy ,ghost1 ,thy grace impart1 ,tear ,satan's snares asunder4 ,the ,word of ,god keep in our heart1 ,that we its truth may ponder4 ,then1 sanctified1 for evermore1 ,in ,christ alone confiding1 ,we'll sing ,his praise and ,him adore1 ,his precious ,word us guiding ,to heavenly joys abiding4 ,olavus ,petri1 #aecj4 ,,the ,,swedish ,,reformers ,,and ,,their ,,hymns ,the ,reformation fires kindled by ,luther and his contemporaries in ,wittenberg spread with amazing rapidity to all parts of ,europe4 ,in the year that ,luther nailed his famous theses on the chapel door at ,wittenberg1 two brothers--,olavus and ,laurentius ,petri--arrived from ,sweden to study at the university made famous by ,luther and ,melanchthon4 ,they were sons of a village blacksmith at ,orebro1 ,sweden4 ,in #aeai they returned to their native land1 full of reforming zeal4 ,olavus was the more fiery of the two brothers1 and he lost no time entering into the political and spiritual storm that was threatening to break over their country4 ,in the ,stockholm massacre the following year ,olavus almost lost his life when he cried out in protest at the cruel beheading of his friend1 the bishop of ,strengnas4 ,only the intervention of a ,wittenberg acquaintance1 who asserted that ,olavus was a ,german citizen1 saved the young man from a similar fate4 ,the massacre had been instigated by ,roman intrigue4 ,olavus preached boldly against the sale of indulgences and other abuses of the papal church1 and1 when the ,swedish revolution placed ,gustavus ,vasa on the throne in #aebc1 the young reformer found a powerful ally in the new monarch4 ,despite protests of the ecclesiastical authorities1 the king ordered a pulpit placed in the cathedral church of ,stockholm and gave ,olavus permission to preach to the populace in the native tongue4 ,the following year the two brothers were summoned to appear before the papal authorities at ,upsala1 but1 when neither threats nor bribes could induce them to desist from their high-minded purpose1 they were placed under the ban4 ,this1 however1 made them only the more determined to carry out their ,reformation plans4 ,laurentius ,andreae1 archdeacon of ,strengnas1 also had been converted to the principles of the ,reformation and powerfully espoused the cause championed by the ,petri brothers4 ,in #aebc he was appointed by ,gustavus ,vasa as chancellor to the king1 and it was largely through his influence that the ,lutheran teachings were approved by the ,diet af ,vesteras in #aebg4 ,the younger of the ,petri brothers1 ,laurentius1 was named ,archbishop of ,upsala1 ,primate of ,sweden1 in #aeca4 ,the ,swedish reformers were apt pupils of ,luther and quickly made use of the same spiritual weapons in their own country that he had found so effective in ,germany4 ,it is significant that the ,word of ,god and a hymn-book in the vernacular were given to the ,swedish people in the same year4 ,it was in #aebf that ,laurentius ,andreae published his translation of the ,new ,testament in ,swedish1 and simultaneously ,olavus ,petri issued a little hymn-book entitled1 ,swedish ,hymns or ,songs4 ,this marked the beginning of evangelical hymnody in ,sweden4 ,the little book contained only ten hymns1 five of which are believed to have been original productions of ,olavus ,petri himself1 and the other five translations from ,luther's first hymn-book of #aebd4 ,although no copy of the first ,swedish hymn-book is now known to exist1 it is believed that ,petri's beautiful hymn1 ,our ,father1 merciful and good1 appeared in this historic collection4 ,it occurs in a second edition1 called ,a ,few ,godly ,songs ,derived from ,holy ,writ1 published by the ,swedish reformer in #aecj4 ,a few fragmentary pages of this hymn-book were discovered in #ahga4 ,how far ,olavus ,petri had imbibed the spirit of ,luther is reflected not only by the fiery zeal with which he proclaimed the doctrines of the ,reformation in ,sweden1 but also in the character of his hymns4 ,our ,father1 merciful and good is so strongly suggestive of ,luther's style that it was regarded for a long time as a translation of one of ,luther's hymns4 ,it is now known that there is no such hymn of ,german origin4 ,most of ,petri's hymns1 however1 are translations of ,german or ,latin originals4 ,one of these is the beautiful ,advent hymn3 ,now hail we our ,redeemer1 ,eternal ,son of ,god1 ,born in the flesh to save us1 ,and cleanse us in ,his blood4 ,the ,morning ,star ascendeth1 ,light to the world ,he lendeth1 ,our ,guide in grief and gloom4 ,although this hymn was translated by ,petri from the ,german1 it is believed that it dates back to a ,latin hymn by ,ambrose in the fourth century4 ,another of ,latin origin is the glad ,easter hymn3 ,blest ,easter day1 what joy is thine6 ,we praise1 dear ,lord1 ,thy ,name divine1 ,for ,thou hast triumphed o'er the tomb2 ,no more we need to dread its gloom4 ,petri1 like ,luther1 never ceased praising ,god for restoring ,his ,word to the ,church through the ,reformation4 ,this may be seen in one of his more polemic hymns1 which is regarded as original4 ,a translation by ,ernst ,w4 ,olson reads3 ,thy sacred ,word1 ,o ,lord1 of old ,was veiled about and darkened1 ,and in its stead were legends told1 ,to which the people harkened2 ,thy ,word1 for which the people yearned1 ,the worldlings kept in hiding1 ,and into human fables turned ,thy truth1 the all-abiding4 ,now thanks and praise be to our ,lord1 ,who boundless grace bestoweth1 ,and daily through the sacred ,word ,his precious gifts forthshoweth4 ,his ,word is come to light again1 ,a trusty lamp to guide us2 ,no strange and divers teachings then ,bewilder and divide us4 ,the last hymn-book published by ,olavus ,petri appeared in #aecf4 ,it contained some thirty new hymns1 most of them translations from ,german sources4 ,in addition to his labors in the realm of hymnody1 ,petri must also be credited with the authorship of the ,swedish ,church-,book1 which appeared in #aebi4 ,he was the creator of the liturgy of the ,church of ,sweden4 ,his hymnological endeavors were continued by his brother ,laurentius1 who1 as archbishop1 brought out in #aefg1 and later in #aegb1 the most important of all the earlier hymn-books of the ,swedish ,church4 ,laurentius is sometimes given the title1 ,father of ,swedish hymnody1 but the honor more rightly belongs to his older brother1 ,olavus4 ,the latter years of ,olavus were darkened through an unfortunate misunderstanding with the ,swedish king4 ,as a consequence of the reformer's sturdy opposition to ,gustavus ,vasa's plan to make himself the head of the ,church1 he fell into royal disfavor4 ,when a plot against the king's life was discovered in #aedj1 ,olavus was convicted of having guilty knowledge of it1 and was condemned to die4 ,through the intervention of the populace of ,stockholm1 he was pardoned1 but the king never forgave him4 ,he was permitted to resume his work in #aedc1 and continued to preach the gospel with great zeal until his death in #aeeb4 ,a ,model ,hymn of ,invocation ,o ,lord1 give heed unto our plea1 ,o ,spirit1 grant ,thy graces1 ,that we who put our trust in ,thee ,may rightly sing ,thy praises4 ,thy ,word1 ,o ,christ1 unto us give1 ,that grace and power we may receive ,to follow ,thee1 our ,master4 ,touch ,thou the shepherd's lips1 ,o ,lord1 ,that in this blessed hour ,he may proclaim ,thy sacred ,word ,with unction and with power2 ,what ,thou wouldst have ,thy servant say1 ,put ,thou into ,his heart1 we pray1 ,with grace and strength to say it4 ,let heart and ear be opened wide ,unto ,thy ,word and pleading2 ,our minds1 ,o ,holy ,spirit1 guide ,by ,thine own light and leading4 ,the law of ,christ we would fulfil1 ,and walk according to ,his will1 ,his ,word our rule of living4 ,jesper ,swedberg 7#afec-agce74 ,a ,,hymn-,,book ,,that ,,failed ,when the ,swedish colonists along the ,delaware gathered in their temples to worship ,god in the latter part of the #agth century1 they sang songs from a hymn-book the use of which had been prohibited in ,sweden4 ,it was the much-mooted hymn-book of ,jesper ,swedberg4 ,originally published by the author in #afid and intended for the ,church of ,sweden1 it immediately came under suspicion on the ground that it contained unorthodox teachings and was promptly confiscated4 ,this1 however1 did not hinder the authorities from sending the book in large quantities to ,america1 and it was used on this side of the ,atlantic for many years4 ,swedberg1 who was born near ,falun1 ,sweden1 in the year #afec1 was the first important hymnist of his native land4 ,from the days of the ,reformation no noteworthy advance had been made in ,swedish hymnody until ,swedberg began to tune his lyre4 ,the official ,psalm-book had been revised on several occasions1 but the ,upsala edition of #afde contained only #ahb hymns1 far too few to meet the needs of church worship and private devotion4 ,it was in #afia that ,swedberg received the royal commission to prepare a new hymn-book4 ,he was fortunate in having the aid of such gifted poets as ,haqvin ,spegel1 ,petrus ,lagerlof1 ,israel ,kolmodin and ,jacob ,boethius in the execution of his task4 ,the new book1 containing #dhb ,swedish hymns and a few in ,latin1 made its appearance in #afid4 ,a large edition was printed1 the financial cost of which was borne largely by ,swedberg himself4 ,it met with immediate opposition1 particularly from ,bishop ,carl ,carlsson1 who charged that the hymn-book contained innumerable heresies of a theological1 anthropological1 ,christological1 soteriological and eschatological nature4 ,it was enough4 ,king ,karl ,,xi immediately appointed a new commission to revise ,swedberg's work1 with the result that #ge hymns were omitted and six new hymns added4 ,it was printed in #afif and remained in use as the ,psalm-book of the ,church of ,sweden for more than a century1 until it was succeeded in #ahai by ,wallin's masterpiece4 ,the unsold copies of the first edition1 about #bj1jjj in number1 were confiscated and stored away4 ,from time to time quantities of these books were sent to the ,swedish colonists in ,america1 for whose preservation in the true faith1 as the hymnologist ,soderberg ironically remarks1 the ,swedish authorities seemed less concerned4 ,swedberg felt the slight keenly and often made significant references in his diary regarding those who had been instrumental in rejecting his work4 ,one of these notations tells how the ,cathedral of ,upsala was destroyed by fire in #agjb1 and how the body of ,archbishop ,o4 ,svebilius1 although encased in a copper and stone sarcophagus1 was reduced to ashes4 ,but my hymn-books1 he adds1 which were only of paper1 unbound and unprotected1 were not even scorched by the flames4 ,the final form in which his hymn-book was published nevertheless still retained so many of his own hymns1 and the entire book was so impregnated with his own spirit1 that it has always been known as ,swedberg's ,psalm-book4 ,a noted critic has called it the most precious heritage he left to his native land4 ,it was ,swedberg who wrote the sublime stanza that has become the doxology of the ,church of ,sweden3 ,bless us1 ,father1 and protect us1 ,be our souls' sure hiding-place2 ,let ,thy wisdom still direct us1 ,light our darkness with ,thy grace6 ,let ,thy countenance on us shine1 ,fill us all with peace divine4 ,praise the ,father1 ,son1 and ,spirit1 ,praise ,him all that life inherit6 ,swedberg was elevated to the bishopric of ,skara in #agjb4 ,he died in #agce1 universally mourned by the ,swedish people4 ,haqvin ,spegel1 who collaborated with ,swedberg in the preparation of his hymn-book1 was the more gifted poet of the two4 ,it was he who1 by his hymns1 fixed the language forms that subsequently became the model for ,swedish hymnody4 ,although ,spegel never stooped to sickly sentimentality1 his hymns are so filled with the spirit of personal faith and fervent devotion that they rise to unusual lyric heights4 ,a sweet pastoral fragrance breathes through the hymn1 ,we ,christians should ever consider1 as the following stanza testifies3 ,the lilies1 nor toiling nor spinning1 ,their clothing how gorgeous and fair6 ,what tints in their tiny orbs woven1 ,what wondrous devices are there6 ,all ,solomon's stores could not render ,one festival robe of such splendor ,as modest field lilies do wear4 ,his communion hymn1 ,the death of ,jesus ,christ1 our ,lord1 is a classic example of how ,spegel could set forth in song the objective truths of the ,christian faith4 ,the death of ,jesus ,christ1 our ,lord1 ,we celebrate with one accord2 ,it is our comfort in distress1 ,our heart's sweet joy and happiness4 ,he blotted out with ,his own blood ,the judgment that against us stood2 ,he full atonement for us made1 ,and all our debt ,he fully paid4 ,that this is so and ever true ,he gives an earnest ever new1 ,in this ,his ,holy ,supper1 here ,we taste ,his love1 so sweet1 so near4 ,for ,his true body1 as ,he said1 ,and ,his own blood1 for sinners shed1 ,in this communion we receive3 ,his sacred ,word we do believe4 ,o sinner1 come with true intent ,to turn to ,god and to repent1 ,to live for ,christ1 to die to sin1 ,and thus a holy life begin4 ,spegel was given the highest ecclesiastical honor bestowed by his country when he was created archbishop in #agaa4 ,he died three years later4 ,among the other hymn-writers who contributed hymns to ,swedberg's noted book was ,jacob ,arrhenius1 professor of history in the ,university of ,upsala4 ,this man1 who devoted a great deal of his time to the financial affairs of the ,university1 was also a richly-endowed spiritual poet4 ,the intimate tenderness with which he sang the ,saviour's praise had never before been attained in ,swedish hymnody4 ,it was he who wrote3 ,jesus is my ,friend most precious1 ,never friend did love as ,he2 ,can ,i leave this ,friend so gracious1 ,spurn ,his wondrous love for me8 ,no6 nor friend nor foe shall sever ,me from ,him who loves me so2 ,his shall be my will forever1 ,there above1 and here below4 ,wallin's ,sublime ,morning ,hymn ,again ,thy glorious sun doth rise1 ,i praise ,thee1 ,o my ,lord2 ,with courage1 strength1 and hope renewed1 ,i touch the joyful chord4 ,on good and evil1 ,lord1 ,thy sun ,is rising as on me2 ,let me in patience and in love ,seek thus to be like ,thee4 ,may ,i in virtue and in faith1 ,and with ,thy gifts content1 ,rejoice beneath ,thy covering wings1 ,each day in mercy sent4 ,safe with ,thy counsel in my work1 ,thee1 ,lord1 ,i'll keep in view1 ,and feel that still ,thy bounteous grace ,is every morning new4 ,johan ,olof ,wallin1 #ahaf4 ,,david',s ,,harp ,,in ,,the ,,northland ,when ,longfellow translated ,tegner's ,swedish poem1 ,children of the ,lord's ,supper1 he introduced ,johan ,olof ,wallin to the ,english-speaking world in the following lines3 ,and with one voice ,chimed in the congregation1 and sang an anthem immortal ,of the sublime ,wallin1 of ,david's harp in the ,northland4 ,wallin is ,scandinavia's greatest hymnist and perhaps the foremost in the entire ,christian ,church during the ,nineteenth century4 ,the ,swedish ,psalm-book of #ahai1 which for more than a century has been the hymn-book of the ,swedish people in the homeland and in other parts of the world1 is in large measure the work of this one man4 ,of the #ejj hymns in this volume1 #abh are original hymns from his pen1 #agh are revisions by ,wallin1 twenty-three are his translations1 and thirteen are semi-originals based on the hymns of other authors4 ,in brief1 no less than #cdb of the hymns of the ,psalm-book reflect the genius of this remarkable writer4 ,early in life ,wallin began to reveal poetic talent4 ,born at ,stora ,tuna1 ,dalarne province1 in #aggi1 he overcame the handicaps of poverty and poor health and at the age of twenty-four he had gained the degree of ,doctor of ,philosophy at the ,university of ,upsala4 ,in #ahje1 and again in #ahji1 he won the chief prize for poetry at the ,university4 ,in #ahjf he was ordained to the ,lutheran ministry4 ,very soon he began to attract attention by his able preaching4 ,in #ahab he was transferred to ,stockholm1 and in #ahaf he became dean of ,vesteras4 ,in #ahbd he was elevated to the bishopric1 and thirteen years later became ,primate of the ,church of ,sweden when he was made ,archbishop of ,upsala4 ,he died in #ahci4 ,as early as #ahjg ,wallin had begun to publish collections of old and new hymns4 ,he possessed the rare ability of translating sacred poetry of other lands in such a way that often the translation excelled the original in virility and beauty4 ,in #ahaa a commission was appointed by the ,swedish parliament to prepare a new hymn-book to succeed that of ,jesper ,swedberg1 which had been in use for more than a century4 ,wallin was made a member of this body4 ,within three years the commission presented its labors in the form of a first draft4 ,however1 it did not meet with universal favor1 nor was ,wallin himself satisfied with the result4 ,by this time ,wallin's genius had been revealed so clearly that the commission was moved to charge him with the entire task of completing the ,psalm-book4 ,he gladly undertook the work and on ,november #bh1 #ahaf1 he was able to report that he had finished his labors4 ,a few minor changes were subsequently made1 but on ,january #bi1 #ahai1 the new hymn-book was officially authorized by ,king ,karl ,,xiv4 ,it has remained in use until the present day4 ,unfortunately1 ,wallin's hymns have not become generally known outside of his own native land4 ,it is only in recent years that a number have been translated into ,english4 ,one of these is his famous ,christmas hymn1 which for more than a century has been sung in every sanctuary in ,sweden as a greeting to the dawn of ,christmas day4 ,the first stanza reflects something of the glory of the ,christmas evangel itself3 ,all hail to thee1 ,o blessed morn6 ,to tidings long by prophets borne ,hast thou fulfilment given4 ,o sacred and immortal day1 ,when unto earth1 in glorious ray1 ,descends the grace of heaven6 ,singing1 ,ringing ,sounds are blending1 ,praises sending ,unto heaven ,for the ,saviour to us given4 ,although ,wallin reverenced the old traditional hymns of the ,church in spite of their many defects in form and language1 he was unrelenting in his demand that every new hymn adopted by the ,church should be tested by the severest classical standards4 ,a new hymn1 he declared1 aside from the spiritual considerations which should never be compromised in any way1 should be so correct1 simple and lyrical in form1 and so free from inversions and other imperfections in style1 that after the lapse of a hundred years a father may be able to say to his son1 ',read the ,psalm-book1 my boy1 and you will learn your mother tongue6' ,the profound influence which ,wallin's hymns have exerted over the ,swedish language and literature for more than a century is an eloquent testimony1 not only to his poetic genius1 but also to the faithfulness with which he adhered to the high standards he cherished4 ,the charge has sometimes been made that a number of ,wallin's hymns are tinged by the spirit of rationalism4 ,it is true that in his earlier years the great ,swedish hymnist was strongly influenced by the so-called ,new ,theology1 which had swept over all ,europe at that time4 ,his poems and hymns from this period bear unmistakable marks of these rationalizing tendencies4 ,even some of the hymns in the first part of the ,psalm-book1 dealing with the person and attributes of ,god1 are not entirely free from suspicion4 ,however1 as ,wallin became more and more absorbed in his great task1 his own spiritual life seems to have been deepened and a new and richer note began to ring forth from his hymns4 ,in #ahaf this change was made manifest in an address ,wallin delivered before the ,swedish ,bible ,society1 in which he declared war on rationalism and the ,new ,theology1 and took his stand squarely upon the faith and confessions of the ,lutheran ,church4 ,he said3 ,so far had we traveled in what our age termed 'enlightenment' and another age shall call 'darkness1' that the very ,word of ,god 444 was regarded as a sort of contribution to the ancient history which had already served its purpose and was needed no more4 ,the atonement of ,christ now became the central theme in his hymn-book1 the pure evangelical tone of which may be heard in one of his own hymns3 ,there is a truth so dear to me1 ,i'll hold it fast eternally1 ,it is my soul's chief treasure3 ,that ,jesus for the world hath died1 ,he for my sins was crucified-- ,o love beyond all measure6 ,o blessed tidings of ,god's grace1 ,that ,he who gave the thief a place ,to paradise will take me ,and ,god's own child will make me6 ,kind ,shepherd1 ,son of ,god1 to ,thee ,mine eyes1 my heart1 so yearningly1 ,and helpless hands are lifted4 ,from ,thee ,i strayed2 ah1 leave me not1 ,but cleanse my soul from each dark blot1 ,for ,i am sore afflicted4 ,a wandering sheep1 but now restored1 ,ah1 bear me to ,thy fold1 dear ,lord1 ,and let me leave ,thee never1 ,o ,thou who lovest ever6 ,again we find him giving expression to faith's certainty in a stanza that has become very dear to the ,swedish people3 ,blessed1 blessed he who knoweth ,that his faith on ,thee is founded1 ,whom the ,father's love bestoweth ,of eternal grace unbounded1 ,jesus ,christ1 to every nation ,a ,redeemer freely given1 ,in whose ,name is our salvation1 ,and none else in earth or heaven4 ,the poetic utterance and exalted language of ,wallin's hymns made him the hymnist par excellence for festival days1 as witness the quotation above from his ,christmas hymn and the following stanza from his ,ascension hymn3 ,to realms of glory ,i behold ,my risen ,lord returning2 ,while ,i1 a stranger on the earth1 ,for heaven am ever yearning4 ,far from my heavenly ,father's home1 ',mid toil and sorrow here ,i roam4 ,his metrical version of the ,te ,deum ,laudamus is also an impressive example of the poetic genius of this master psalmist3 ,jehovah1 ,thee we glorify1 ,ruler upon ,thy throne on high6 ,o let ,thy ,word ,through all the earth be heard4 ,holy1 holy1 holy art ,thou1 ,o ,lord6 ,thou carest gently for ,thy flock2 ,thy ,church1 firm-founded on the ,rock1 ,no powers dismay ,until ,thy dreadful day4 ,holy1 holy1 holy art ,thou1 ,o ,lord6 ,all nations1 in her fold comprised1 ,shall bow their knees unto the ,christ1 ,all tongues shall raise ,their orisons and praise3 ,holy1 holy1 holy art ,thou1 ,o ,lord6 ,around ,thy throne the countless throng ,at last in triumph swell the song1 ,when ,cherubim ,shall answer ,seraphim3 ,holy1 holy1 holy art ,thou1 ,o ,lord6 ,although a hymn usually loses much of its original expression in translation1 something of the rare beauty in ,wallin's poetry is still apparent in the following3 ,where is the ,friend for whom ,i'm ever yearning8 ,my longing grows when day to night is turning2 ,and though ,i find ,him not as day recedeth1 ,my heart still pleadeth4 ,his hand ,i see in every force and power1 ,where waves the harvest and where blooms the flower2 ,in every breath ,i draw1 my spirit burneth3 ,his love discerneth4 ,when summer winds blow gently1 then ,i hear ,him2 ,where sing the birds1 where rush the streams1 ,i'm near ,him2 ,but nearer still when in my heart ,he blesses ,me with caresses4 ,o where such beauty is itself revealing ,in all that lives1 through all creation stealing1 ,what must the ,source be whence it comes1 the ,giver8 ,beauty forever6 ,other noble hymns by the ,swedish archbishop recently translated into ,english include ,behold1 the joyful day is nigh1 ,guardian of pure hearts1 ,i know in ,whom ,i trust1 ,great joy and consolation1 ,he lives6 ,o fainting heart1 anew1 ,mute are the pleading lips of ,him1 ,thine agony1 ,o ,lord1 is o'er1 ,a voice1 a heavenly voice ,i hear1 ,heavenly ,light1 benignly beaming1 ,father of lights1 eternal ,lord1 ,in my quiet contemplation1 ,jerusalem1 lift up thy voice1 ,jesus1 ,lord and precious ,saviour1 ,o blessed is the man who stays1 ,o let the children come to ,me1 ,strike up1 ,o harp and psaltery1 ,watch1 my soul and pray1 and ,again ,thy glorious sun doth rise4 ,wallin's ,psalm-book has aroused the greatest admiration wherever it has become known4 ,the hymnologists of ,germany1 including ,mohnike1 ,knapp1 ,weiss and ,wackernagel1 have given it undivided praise4 ,mohnike declared1 ,this is undoubtedly the most excellent hymn-book in the entire ,evangelical ,church1 and1 if translated1 it would become the hymn-book for all ,christian people4 ,knapp concurs by saying1 ,the ,scriptural content of this book is clothed in the most beautiful classical language2 there is nothing in ,evangelical ,germany to equal it4 ,a ,vision of ,christ's ,triumph ,thy scepter1 ,jesus1 shall extend ,as far as day prevaileth4 ,thy glorious kingdom1 without end1 ,shall stand when all else faileth1 ,thy blessed ,name shall be confessed1 ,and round ,thy cross1 forever blest1 ,shall kings and people gather4 ,the child when born to ,thee we take1 ,to ,thee in death we hasten2 ,in joy we often ,thee forsake1 ,but not when sorrows chasten4 ,where truth and virtue are oppressed1 ,where sorrow dwells1 pain and unrest1 ,thy help alone availeth4 ,come1 ,jesus1 then1 in weal and woe1 ,in life and death be near us2 ,thy grace upon our hearts bestow1 ,and let ,thy ,spirit cheer us1 ,for every conflict strength afford1 ,and gather us in peace1 ,o ,lord1 ,when all the world ,thou judgest4 ,frans ,michael ,franzen1 #ahaf ,,the ,,golden ,,age ,,of ,,swedish ,,hymnody ,archbishop ,wallin was not alone in the preparation of that masterpiece of ,northern hymnody known as the ,swedish ,psalm-book of #ahai4 ,although the lion's share of the task fell to the lot of the gifted psalmist1 he was aided by a number of the greatest spiritual poets in ,scandinavian history4 ,it was the golden age in ,swedish hymnody1 when such men as ,franzen1 ,hedborn1 ,geijer1 ,astrom1 ,afzelius and ,nystrom were singing the glories of the ,lamb4 ,foremost in this unusual group was the beloved ,frans ,michael ,franzen1 a lyric poet of singular talent4 ,born at ,uleaborg1 ,finland1 in #aggb1 he held a number of positions at the ,university of ,abo1 and later removed to ,sweden1 where he became pastor of ,st4 ,clara church1 in ,stockholm1 and eventually ,bishop of ,hernosand4 ,he died in #ahdg4 ,franzen early became associated with ,wallin and exerted a strong influence over the latter4 ,though not as prolific a writer as ,wallin1 the hymns of ,franzen are rich in content and finished in form4 ,because of their artless simplicity it has been said that the cultured man will appreciate them and the unlettered man can understand them4 ,among the most popular are two evening hymns--,the day departs1 yet ,thou art near and ,when vesper bells are calling4 ,the latter is a hymn of solemn beauty3 ,when vesper bells are calling ,the hour of rest and prayer1 ,when evening shades are falling1 ,and ,i must hence repair1 ,i seek my chamber narrow1 ,nor my brief day deplore1 ,for ,i shall see the morrow1 ,when night shall be no more4 ,o take me in ,thy keeping1 ,dear ,father1 good and just1 ,let not my soul be sleeping ,in sin1 and pride1 and lust4 ,if in my life ,thou guide me ,according to ,thy will1 ,i may in death confide me ,into ,thy keeping still4 ,the voice of gracious invitation heard in ,franzen's communion hymn1 ,thine own1 ,o loving ,saviour1 has called millions of hungering souls to the ,lord's ,supper4 ,his hymn for the first communion of catechumens1 ,come1 ,o ,jesus1 and prepare me1 is also regarded as the most appealing of its kind in ,swedish hymnody4 ,the stirring note in his hymn of repentance1 ,awake1 the watchman crieth1 reveals ,franzen as a poet of power and virility as well as a writer of the more meditative kind4 ,the same solemn appeal1 although expressed in less severe language1 is also heard in his other call to repentance3 ,ajar the temple gates are swinging1 ,lo6 still the grace of ,god is free4 ,perhaps when next the bells are ringing ,the grave shall open unto thee1 ,and thou art laid beneath the sod1 ,no more to see this house of ,god4 ,franzen was recently accorded a unique honor in ,america when his soul-gripping ,advent hymn1 ,prepare the way1 ,o ,zion1 was made the opening hymn in the ,hymnal of the ,augustana ,synod4 ,this hymn-book contains more translations of ,swedish hymns than any other volume published in ,america4 ,when we add to the hymns already mentioned such beautiful compositions as ,thy scepter1 ,jesus1 shall extend1 ,look to ,jesus ,christ thy ,saviour1 and ,the little while ,i linger here1 it will readily be understood why ,franzen ranks so high among the foremost hymnists of the ,north4 ,to ,samuel ,johan ,hedborn1 another of ,wallin's contemporaries1 posterity will ever be grateful for ,holy ,majesty1 before ,thee1 a magnificent hymn of praise that for loftiness of poetic sentiment and pure spiritual exaltation has probably never been excelled4 ,the first stanza suggests something of the heavenly beauty of this noble hymn3 ,holy ,majesty1 before ,thee ,we bow to worship and adore ,thee2 ,with grateful hearts to ,thee we sing4 ,earth and heaven tell the story ,of ,thine eternal might and glory1 ,and all ,thy works their incense bring4 ,lo1 hosts of ,cherubim ,and countless ,seraphim ,sing1 ,hosanna1 ,holy is ,god1 almighty ,god1 ,all-merciful and all-wise ,god6 ,hedborn1 who was the son of a poverty-stricken ,swedish soldier1 was born in ,heda1 ,sweden1 in the year #aghc4 ,he began his career as a school teacher1 served for a while as court preacher1 and finally became pastor at ,askeryd1 where he died in #ahdi4 ,he was a gifted writer1 and his lyric poetry and folk-songs struck a responsive chord in ,swedish hearts4 ,in #ahab he published a collection of hymns1 and in the following year a second volume appeared4 ,it is claimed that the ,christo-centric note in ,hedborn's hymns profoundly influenced ,wallin and helped to establish the latter in the orthodox ,lutheran teaching4 ,in addition to the sublime ,te ,deum mentioned above1 two other hymns of ,hedborn have been given ,english dress4 ,one of these is the beautiful ,epiphany hymn1 ,now ,israel's hope in triumph ends2 the other is the communion hymn1 ,with holy joy my heart doth beat4 ,erik ,gustav ,geijer1 professor of history in ,upsala ,university1 was another of the poetic geniuses of this golden age in ,swedish hymnody4 ,he was born at ,ransater1 ,varmland1 ,sweden1 in the same year that witnessed ,hedborn's birth--#aghc4 ,like ,hedborn1 he also published a little collection of hymns in #ahab which immediately focused attention upon him as a poet of unusual ability4 ,although his hymns do not rise to the artistic heights attained by his other poems1 it is believed that ,geijer purposely avoided high-sounding phrases as unworthy of the dignity and spirit of hymnody4 ,his passion hymn1 ,thy ,cross1 ,o ,jesus1 ,thou didst bear1 is a gripping portrayal of the conquering power of the ,saviour's sacrificial love4 ,there is likewise a glorious note of victory heard in his ,easter hymn3 ,in triumph our ,redeemer ,is now to life returned4 ,all praise to ,him who1 dying1 ,hath our salvation earned6 ,no more death's fetter galls us1 ,the grave no more appalls us1 ,for ,jesus lives again4 ,in glory ,thou appearest1 ,and earth is filled with light2 ,with resurrection radiance ,the very tomb is bright2 ,there's joy in heavenly places ,when o'er all earthly races ,the dawn of mercy breaks4 ,in the preparation of the ,psalm-book1 there was no one on whom ,archbishop ,wallin leaned so heavily for help and counsel as ,johan ,astrom1 parish priest in ,simtuna and ,altuna4 ,this man1 who was born in #agfg1 was a lyric poet of unusual ability1 and ,wallin valued his judgment very highly1 even to the extent of seeking his criticism of his own hymns4 ,eighteen of the hymns in the ,psalm-book are from ,astrom's pen4 ,many of them1 however1 are unfortunately tinged by the spirit of rationalism1 from which influence ,astrom had not quite been able to free himself4 ,instead of emphasizing trust in the ,saviour's merits as the true way to eternal life1 there is a strong suggestion in ,astrom's hymns that the heavenly goal is achieved by walking in the ,saviour's footsteps4 ,witness1 for example3 ,lord1 disperse the mists of error1 ,in ,thy light let me see light2 ,give ,thou me that faith and visior ,whereby ,i may walk aright1 ,in my ,saviour's path discerning1 ,through this vale of doubt and strife1 ,footsteps to eternal life4 ,we are immeasurably indebted to ,astrom1 however1 for the present form of the glorious ,all ,saints' hymn1 ,in heaven above1 in heaven above4 ,this hymn1 in which we almost may discern something of the celestial radiance and beauty of the heavenly country1 is ranked as one of the finest hymns in the ,swedish ,psalm-book4 ,it is more than three centuries old1 dating back in its original form to #afbj4 ,it was written by ,l4 ,laurentii ,laurinus1 parish pastor in ,haradshammar1 at the time of his wife's death1 and was appended to the funeral sermon preached by a brother pastor4 ,astrom recognized the rare beauty of the hymn and through his poetic genius it was clothed in immortal language4 ,william ,maccall1 a ,scotchman1 has in turn rendered it into ,english in such a faithful manner that much of its original beauty is preserved4 ,in heaven above1 in heaven above1 ,where ,god our ,father dwells3 ,how boundless there the blessedness6 ,no tongue its greatness tells3 ,there face to face1 and full and free1 ,ever and evermore we see-- ,we see the ,lord of hosts6 ,in heaven above1 in heaven above1 ,what glory deep and bright6 ,the splendor of the noon-day sun ,grows pale before its light3 ,the mighty ,sun that ne'er goes down1 ,around whose gleam clouds never frown1 ,is ,god the ,lord of hosts4 ,in heaven above1 in heaven above1 ,no tears of pain are shed3 ,there nothing e'er shall fade or die2 ,life's fullness round is spread1 ,and like an ocean1 joy o'erflows1 ,and with immortal mercy glows ,our ,god the ,lord of hosts4 ,in heaven above1 in heaven above1 ,god hath a joy prepared ,which mortal ear hath never heard1 ,nor mortal vision shared1 ,which never entered mortal breast1 ,by mortal lips was ne'er expressed1 ,o ,god the ,lord of hosts6 ,arvid ,afzelius1 court chaplain and pastor at ,enkoping1 was another member of this remarkable group of ,swedish hymnists that contributed to the ,psalm-book of ,wallin4 ,afzelius1 who was an authority on folk songs1 has given us the inspiring hymn of praise beginning3 ,unto the ,lord of all creation ,thy voice1 my soul1 in anthems raise4 ,let every heart a fit oblation ,bring unto ,him with songs of praise4 ,o contemplate in humbleness ,the power and riches of ,his grace4 ,johan ,hjerten1 an obscure country pastor at ,hellstad1 was the author of six hymns in the ,psalm-book1 among them the devotional hymn1 ,jesus1 in my walk and living4 ,it is said that the artless simplicity of his hymns provided an excellent pattern for the other writers of his day1 many of whom were fond of the grandiloquent phrases so characteristic of the rationalist hymnody4 ,the last name of this group we would mention is that of a layman1 ,per ,olof ,nystrom4 ,this man1 who was a high naval officer1 wrote many excellent hymns1 among them a devotional lyric that for more than a hundred years has been cherished almost as a national prayer by the pious folk of ,sweden4 ,its first stanza reads3 ,o ,fount of truth and mercy1 ,thy promise cannot fail2 ,what ,thou hast said must ever ,in heaven and earth prevail2 ,call upon ,me in trouble1 ,and ,i will help afford4 ,yea1 to my latest moment1 ,i'll call upon ,thee1 ,lord4 ,a ,longing for ,home ,jerusalem1 ,jerusalem1 ,thou city ever blest1 ,within thy portals first ,i find ,my safety1 peace1 and rest4 ,here dangers always threaten me1 ,my days in strife are spent1 ,and labor1 sorrow1 worry1 grief1 ,i find at best their strength4 ,no wonder1 then1 that ,i do long1 ,o blessed home1 for thee1 ,where ,i shall find a resting-place1 ,from sin and sorrow free2 ,where tears and weeping are no more1 ,nor death1 nor pain1 nor night1 ,for former things are passed away1 ,and darkness turned to light4 ,now all for me has lost its charm ,which by the world is praised1 ,since on the cross1 through faith1 ,i saw ,my ,saviour ,jesus raised2 ,my goal is fixed1 one thing ,i ask1 ,whate'er the cost may be1 ,jerusalem1 ,jerusalem1 ,soon to arrive in thee4 ,carolina ,vilhelmina 7,sandell7 ,berg 7#ahcb-aijc74 ,,the ,,fanny ,,crosby ,,of ,,sweden ,,and ,,the ,,pietists ,as will be noted in a subsequent chapter1 the ,nineteenth century witnessed the phenomenon of gifted ,christian women assuming a place of primary importance among the foremost hymn-writers of the ,church4 ,just as ,england had its ,charlotte ,elliott and ,frances ,havergal1 and ,america had its ,fanny ,crosby1 so ,sweden had its ,lina ,sandell4 ,the rise of women hymn-writers came simultaneously with the great spiritual revival which swept over ,america and evangelical ,europe in successive tidal waves from #ahjj to #ahge4 ,in ,sweden the religious renaissance received its first impulse1 no doubt1 from ,lutheran ,germany4 ,however1 the ,wesleyan movement in ,england and ,america also began to make its influence felt in wider circles1 and the coming to ,stockholm of such a man as ,george ,scott1 an ,english ,methodist1 gave added impetus to the evangelical movement which was already under way4 ,carl ,olof ,rosenius1 ,sweden's greatest lay preacher and the most prominent leader in the ,pietistic movement in that country1 was one of ,scott's disciples1 although he remained faithful to the ,lutheran doctrine and a member of the ,established ,church to the close of his life4 ,it was in the midst of the ,rosenius movement that ,lina ,sandell became known to her countrymen as a great song-writer4 ,she was born ,october #c1 #ahcb1 at ,froderyd1 her father being the parish pastor at that place4 ,she was a frail child who preferred to spend her hours in her father's study rather than join her comrades in play4 ,when she was twenty-six years old1 she accompanied him on a journey to ,gothenburg1 but they never reached their destination4 ,at ,hastholmen the vessel on which they sailed gave a sudden lurch and the father fell overboard1 drowning before the eyes of his devoted daughter4 ,this tragedy proved a turning point in ,lina ,sandell's life4 ,in the midst of her grief she sought comfort in writing hymns4 ,her songs seemed to pour forth in a steady stream from the depths of a broken heart4 ,fourteen of her hymns were published anonymously the same year 7#aheh7 in a ,christian periodical1 ,budbararen4 ,although she lived to write #fej hymns in all1 these fourteen from the pen of the grief-stricken #bf-year-old girl have retained a stronger hold on the hearts of her countrymen than most of her later productions4 ,among these first-fruits born in sorrow are such hymns as3 ,saviour1 ,o hide not ,thy loving face from me1 ,others ,he hath succored1 and ,children of the heavenly ,father ,safely in ,his bosom gather2 ,nestling bird nor star in heaven ,such a refuge e'er was given4 ,the remarkable popularity which ,lina ,sandell's hymns attained within a comparatively short time was due to a large extent to the music written for them by ,oskar ,ahnfelt1 a spiritual troubadour of his day4 ,ahnfelt not only possessed the gift of composing pleasing melodies that caught the fancy of the ,swedish people1 but he traveled from place to place throughout the ,scandinavian countries and sang them to the accompaniment of a guitar4 ,miss ,sandell once said3 ,ahnfelt has sung my songs into the hearts of the people4 ,the inspiration for her songs came to ,miss ,sandell at sundry times and places4 ,sometimes in the midst of the noise and confusion of the city's streets1 she would hear the words of a new song4 ,sometimes she would awake in the still hours of the night with the verses of a hymn ringing in her ears4 ,by her bedside she always kept a slate on which she might instantly record these heaven-born thoughts4 ,in #ahfg ,miss ,sandell was married to a ,stockholm merchant1 ,c4 ,o4 ,berg1 but she continued to sign her hymns with the initials1 ,l4 ,s4 by which she was familiarly known throughout ,sweden4 ,she died on ,july #bg1 #aijc4 ,not only ,ahnfelt1 but also ,jenny ,lind helped to make ,lina ,sandell's hymns known4 ,the ,swedish nightingale was herself a ,pietist and found great delight in listening to the preaching of ,rosenius and the singing of ,ahnfelt4 ,at these conventicles the marvelous singer who had gained the homage of two continents sat with common workingmen on crude benches and joined with her sweet voice in singing the ,pietist hymns4 ,ahnfelt1 in visiting the home of the great singer1 spoke of his ambition to publish these hymns4 ,when ,jenny ,lind learned that financial difficulties stood in the way1 she quickly provided the necessary funds1 and so the first edition of ,ahnfelt's ,songs1 which in reality were mostly the hymns of ,lina ,sandell and ,rosenius1 was made possible4 ,rosenius and ,ahnfelt encountered much persecution in their evangelical efforts4 ,king ,karl ,,xv was petitioned to forbid ,ahnfelt's preaching and singing4 ,the monarch refused until he had had an opportunity to hear the spiritual troubadour4 ,ahnfelt was commanded to appear at the royal palace4 ,being considerably perturbed in mind as to what he should sing to the king1 he besought ,lina ,sandell to write a hymn for the occasion4 ,she was equal to the task and within a few days the song was ready4 ,with his guitar under his arm and the hymn in his pocket1 ,ahnfelt repaired to the palace and sang3 ,who is it that knocketh upon your heart's door ,in peaceful eve8 ,who is it that brings to the wounded and sore ,the balm that can heal and relieve8 ,your heart is still restless1 it findeth no peace ,in earth's pleasures2 ,your soul is still yearning1 it seeketh release ,to rise to the heavenly treasures4 ,the king listened with tears in his eyes4 ,when ,ahnfelt had finished1 the monarch gripped him by the hand and exclaimed3 ,you may sing as much as you like in both of my kingdoms6 ,mention has already been made of the hymns of ,rosenius4 ,these1 like the songs of ,lina ,sandell1 were likewise a powerful factor in the spread of the evangelical movement in ,sweden4 ,rosenius was the son of a parish pastor in ,norrland1 ,sweden4 ,from the time of his birth1 ,february #c1 #ahaf1 he was dedicated by his pious parents to the holy ministry4 ,after having pursued studies for a short time at ,upsala ,university1 however1 he became disgusted with the low moral and spiritual standards existing among the students1 and for a while his own faith was severely shaken4 ,during these spiritual difficulties he came in contact with ,george ,scott1 the ,methodist evangelist in ,stockholm1 and eventually he began to hold meetings as a lay preacher4 ,in #ahdb ,scott and ,rosenius began the publication of ,pietisten1 a religious monthly that was destined to play a most important part in the spiritual revival in ,sweden4 ,when ,scott was constrained the same year to leave ,sweden because of violent opposition to his movement1 ,rosenius became his successor1 not only as editor of ,pietisten1 but also as the outstanding leader among those who were trying to bring about the dawn of a new spiritual day4 ,rosenius centered his activity in the ,swedish capital1 preaching and writing4 ,he also traveled extensively throughout the country1 and so the movement spread4 ,numerous lay preachers1 known as lasare1 sprang up everywhere1 holding private meetings in homes and in so-called mission houses that were built nearby the parish churches4 ,agitation for separation from the ,established ,church found no sympathy with ,rosenius1 who stood firmly on the ,lutheran doctrine and regularly took communion at the hands of its ordained ministers4 ,how long do you intend to remain within the ,church8 he once was asked4 ,as long as ,jesus is there1 was the answer of ,rosenius4 ,but how long do you think ,he will be there8 ,as long as men are there born anew1 for that is not the work of the devil4 ,in #ahef ,rosenius1 together with many earnest-minded ecclesiasts and leaders in the ,established ,church1 organized the ,national ,evangelical ,foundation1 which originally was intended to promote home and inner mission activities4 ,it subsequently embraced the cause of foreign missions also and became one of the greatest spiritual influences emanating from ,scandinavia4 ,rosenius died in #ahfh1 at the age of fifty-two4 ,his hymns1 like those of ,lina ,sandell1 became known largely through the musical genius of ,ahnfelt4 ,everywhere ,ahnfelt's ,songs were on the lips of the so-called believers4 ,emigrants from ,sweden to ,america brought them with them to the ,new ,world1 where they were a source of solace and strength in the midst of spiritual and material difficulties4 ,perhaps no song verse was heard more often in their humble gatherings than the concluding stanza of ,rosenius' hymn1 ,with ,god and ,his mercy1 ,his ,spirit1 and ,word3 ,o ,shepherd1 abide with us1 care for us still1 ,and feed us and lead us and teach us ,thy will2 ,and when in ,thy heavenly fold we shall be1 ,our thanks and our praises1 ,our thanks and our praises we'll render to ,thee4 ,then there is that other hymn by ,rosenius1 so dear to thousands of pious souls1 ,i have a ,friend1 so patient1 kind1 forbearing1 as well as that other one which ,miss ,anna ,hoppe has so beautifully rendered into ,english3 ,o precious thought6 some day the mist shall vanish2 ,some day the web of gloom shall be unspun4 ,a day shall break whose beams the night shall banish1 ,for ,christ1 the ,lamb1 shall shine1 the glorious ,sun6 ,although the songs of ,lina ,sandell and ,rosenius do not attain to the poetic excellence and spiritual power of the noble hymns of ,wallin's ,psalm-book1 it is a significant fact that seven of ,lina ,sandell's and three of ,rosenius' songs were included in an appendix adopted in #aibj4 ,this appendix is the first authorized change in ,archbishop ,wallin's masterpiece in #ajb years4 ,the #ejj hymns of the ,psalm-book still remain unchanged1 however1 as they came from his hand in #ahai4 ,although a number of commissions have endeavored since #ahfe to make revisions of ,wallin's work1 their proposals have been consistently rejected4 ,the addition of #agc hymns in the form of an appendix was a compromise adopted by the ,church of ,sweden in #aibj4 ,it was sanctioned by the king and authorized for tentative use in the churches beginning ,nov4 #bg1 #aiba1 thus being given precedence over a revision made by a commission and sanctioned by the church but indefinitely deferred4 ,in the #aiba appendix hymn-writers of the ,reformed ,church are represented for the first time in the ,swedish ,psalm-book4 ,among the ,reformed hymns found there may be mentioned ,joachim ,neander's ,lobe den ,herren1 ,sarah ,flower ,adams' ,nearer1 my ,god1 to ,thee1 ,henry ,francis ,lyte's ,abide with me1 fast falls the eventide1 ,john ,marriot's ,thou1 ,whose almighty ,word1 and ,lydia ,baxter's ,there is a gate that stands ajar4 ,classical ,lutheran hymns1 such as ,gerhardt's ,o sacred ,head1 now wounded and ,luther's ,lord1 keep us steadfast in ,thy ,word1 have also been added1 while other ,lutheran writers1 such as the great ,danish hymnists1 ,brorson and ,grundtvig1 and the ,norwegian psalmist1 ,landstad1 are given recognition4 ,then there is the beautiful ,christmas hymn1 ,silent night1 holy night1 by the ,catholic priest1 ,joseph ,mohr4 ,the more important of recent ,swedish hymnists are ,johan ,alfred ,eklund1 bishop of ,karlstad1 who is represented by thirty-six hymns in the appendix2 ,svante ,alin1 pastor at ,sventorp1 eleven of whose hymns are included2 the late ,edvard ,evers1 pastor in ,norrkoping and a writer of some note1 who contributed twelve hymns1 and ,erik ,soderberg1 writer and publicist1 who is the author of seven4 ,eleven hymns by two of ,finland's great poets1 ,johan ,ludvig ,runeberg and ,zachris ,topelius1 are also found in the appendix4 ,kingo's ,sunrise ,hymn ,the sun arises now ,in light and glory1 ,and gilds the rugged brow ,of mountains hoary2 ,be glad1 my soul1 and lift ,thy voice in singing ,to ,god from earth below1 ,thy heart with joy aglow ,and praises ringing4 ,like countless grains of sand1 ,beyond all measure1 ,and wide as sea and land ,is heaven's treasure ,of grace which ,god anew ,each day bestoweth1 ,and which1 like pouring rain1 ,into my soul again ,each morning floweth4 ,keep ,thou my soul today ,from sin and blindness2 ,surround me on my way ,with loving-kindness1 ,and fill my heart1 ,o ,god1 ,with joy from heaven2 ,i then shall ask no more ,than what ,thou hast of yore ,in wisdom given4 ,thou knowest best my needs1 ,my sighs ,thou heedest2 ,thy hand ,thy children feeds1 ,thine own ,thou leadest2 ,what should ,i more desire1 ,with ,thee deciding ,the course that ,i must take ,than follow in the wake ,where ,thou art guiding8 ,thomas ,kingo 7#afcd-agjc74 ,,kingo1 ,,the ,,poet ,,of ,,easter-,,tide ,denmark's first great hymnist1 ,thomas ,kingo1 hailed from the land of ,robert ,burns4 ,his grandfather1 who also bore the name of ,thomas1 emigrated from ,scotland to ,denmark near the end of the #agth century to become a tapestry weaver for ,christian ,,iv4 ,the boy who was destined to become one of ,denmark's most famous spiritual bards was born in ,slangerup1 ,december #ae1 #afcd4 ,at the age of six years he entered the ,latin school of his native city1 and ten years later became a student of the school in ,frederiksborg4 ,the principal of this institution1 ,albert ,bartholin1 discovered unusual gifts in the lad and took him into his own home4 ,after completing theological studies at the university1 he returned in #affh to his native city of ,slangerup as ,lutheran parish pastor4 ,about this time he began to attract attention as a writer of secular poetry4 ,it was not until #afgc1 however1 that his first collection of hymns appeared under the title1 ,spiritual ,songs1 ,first ,part4 ,the profound impression created by this production is evidenced by the fact that in #afgg he was elevated from an obscure parish to the bishopric of the diocese of ,fyen4 ,kingo had dedicated his ,spiritual ,songs to ,christian ,v1 and thus had attracted the attention of the ,danish monarch4 ,in his address to the king1 ,kingo deplored the fact that the ,danish people in their worship had depended so largely upon hymns of foreign origin4 ,the soul of the ,danes1 he added significantly1 is not so bound and impoverished but that it can soar as high toward heaven as that of other peoples1 even if it be not upborne by strange and foreign wings4 ,the ,second ,part of his ,spiritual ,songs appeared in #afha1 this collection being dedicated to the ,danish queen4 ,many of ,kingo's hymns were written to be sung to popular folk melodies4 ,in justification of this practice the poet wrote3 ,if a pleasing melody set to a song of ,sodom delights your ear1 how much more1 if you are a true child of ,god1 should not that same melody delight your soul when sung to a song of ,zion6 ,in his dedicatory address to ,queen ,charlotte1 the poet of ,scotch forebears gave expression to his great love for the ,danish language1 praised her for her heroic efforts to master the language before coming to ,denmark as its queen1 and ironically flayed certain foreign courtiers who for thirty years had eaten the bread of the ,fatherland in the service of the king without making an effort to learn thirty ,danish words4 ,by this time the ,danish people had come to a full realization that a poet of the first magnitude had risen in their midst4 ,in ,june1 #afgi1 ,kingo was created a member of the nobility1 and in #afhb he received the honorary degree of doctor of theology4 ,the following year came the royal appointment to prepare a hymn-book for the ,church of ,denmark4 ,the king's decree specifically stated that ,kingo should include a number of his own hymns1 but he was directed to make few changes in the old1 traditional hymns1 and under no circumstances to alter the meaning of ,luther's hymns4 ,the first part of ,kingo's new book appeared in #afhi4 ,it met with a storm of disapproval that was not altogether unmerited4 ,of the #bfg hymns in this book1 #acf were by ,kingo himself4 ,members of the ,danish court who had been objects of ,kingo's merciless satire now found an opportunity to secure revenge4 ,kingo's book1 which had been published at his own expense1 was rejected1 and ,soren ,jonassen1 dean of ,roskilde1 was appointed to take over the task4 ,his work1 which was completed in #afic1 did not contain a single one of ,kingo's hymns6 ,it too was promptly disapproved4 ,a commission was then appointed by the king to supervise the work1 and again ,kingo came into favor4 ,the new hymn-book1 which was officially approved in #afii1 was based largely on ,kingo's work1 and contained #he of his original hymns4 ,although ,kingo lived to see his life-work crowned with success1 he never recovered from the indignity and humiliation he had suffered4 ,his death occurred on ,october #ad1 #agjc4 ,the day before his death1 he exclaimed3 ,tomorrow1 ,lord1 we shall hear glorious music4 ,kingo has been called the poet of ,easter-tide4 ,a biographer declares that ,kingo was in love with the sun1 and that he regarded light as the true element4 ,this is reflected in his morning hymns1 which are among the finest songs of praise ever written4 ,it may also be seen in his ,easter hymns1 one of which begins with the words1 ,like the golden sun ascending4 ,however1 ,kingo could also dwell on the theme of ,christ's passion with gripping pathos3 ,such a night was ne'er before1 ,even heaven has shut its door2 ,jesus1 ,thou our ,sun and ,light1 ,now must bear the shame of night4 ,and in this3 ,see how1 in that hour of darkness1 ,battling with the evil power1 ,agonies untold assail ,him1 ,on ,his soul the arrows shower2 ,and the gardens flowers are wet ,with the drops of bloody sweat ,from ,his anguished frame distilling-- ,our redemption thus fulfilling4 ,when the commission appointed by the ,danish king was revising his hymn-book1 ,kingo pleaded that his ,lenten hymns might be retained4 ,among the most soul-stirring of these in the famous hymn1 ,over ,kedron ,jesus treadeth4 ,in its original form it contained fourteen stanzas4 ,although objective in character1 ,kingo's hymns never fail to make a strong personal appeal4 ,witness1 for example1 the following from his ,good ,friday hymn3 ,on my heart imprint ,thine image1 ,blessed ,jesus1 ,king of grace1 ,that life's riches1 cares1 and pleasures ,never may ,thyself efface2 ,this the superscription be3 ,jesus1 crucified for me1 ,is my life1 my hope's foundation1 ,and my glory and salvation4 ,other hymns of ,kingo that have been translated into ,english include ,praise to ,thee and adoration1 ,dearest ,jesus1 draw ,thou near me1 ,he that believes and is baptized1 ,o dearest ,lord1 receive from me1 ,i come1 invited by ,thy ,word1 ,softly now the day is ending1 and ,the sun arises now4 ,grundtvig1 a later ,danish hymn-writer1 pays ,kingo this tribute3 ,he effected a combination of sublimity and simplicity1 a union of splendor and fervent devotion1 a powerful and musical play of words and imagery that reminds one of ,shakespeare4 ,the ,great ,white ,host ,behold a host1 arrayed in white1 ,like thousand snow-clad mountains bright1 ,with palms they stand--who are this band ,before the throne of light8 ,lo1 these are they1 of glorious fame1 ,who from the great affliction came1 ,and in the flood of ,jesus' blood ,are cleansed from guilt and blame2 ,now gathered in the holy place ,their voices they in worship raise1 ,their anthems swell where ,god doth dwell ',mid angels' songs of praise4 ,despised and scorned1 they sojourned here1 ,but now1 how glorious they appear6 ,these martyrs stand a priestly band1 ,god's throne forever near4 ,so oft1 in troubled days gone by1 ,in anguish they would weep and sigh2 ,at home above1 the ,god of love ,the tears of all shall dry4 ,they now enjoy their ,sabbath rest1 ,the paschal banquet of the blest2 ,the ,lamb1 their ,lord1 at festal board ,himself is host and guest4 ,then hail1 ye mighty legions1 yea1 ,all hail6 now safe and blest for aye2 ,and praise the ,lord1 who with ,his ,word ,sustained you on the way4 ,ye did the joys of earth disdain1 ,ye toiled and sowed in tears and pain2 ,farewell1 now bring your sheaves1 and sing ,salvation's glad refrain4 ,swing high your palms1 lift up your song1 ,yea1 make it myriad voices strong3 ,eternally shall praise to ,thee1 ,god1 and the ,lamb1 belong6 ,hans ,adolph ,brorson1 #agfc4 ,,brorson1 ,,the ,,poet ,,of ,,christmas ,no ,scandinavian hymn has attained such popularity in recent years as ,behold a host4 ,this sublime glory song was first given to the world after its writer1 ,hans ,adolph ,brorson1 had gone to join the host1 arrayed in white that sings before the throne of light4 ,it was published by his son in a collection entitled ,hans ,adolph ,brorson's ,swan-,song1 which appeared in #agfe1 a year after the famous ,danish hymn-writer had gone to his final rest4 ,the collection contained seventy hymns1 all written in the last year of the poet's life4 ,brorson was a product of the ,pietistic movement emanating from ,halle1 in ,germany4 ,born ,june #bj1 #afid1 at ,randrup1 ,denmark1 he early came under the influence of the great spiritual awakening which was then sweeping through the ,lutheran ,church4 ,brorson's father was a ,lutheran pastor1 and all of his three sons1 including the hymn-writer1 entered the service of the ,church4 ,brorson's first pastorate was in his native city of ,randrup1 a place he dearly loved and to which he often returned in later life when he found himself oppressed by manifold cares4 ,it was during his ministry in ,randrup that ,brorson began to write his first hymns4 ,he speaks of the eight years spent at this place as the happiest in his life4 ,in #agbi he was called to become ,danish preacher at ,tonder1 where he labored side by side with ,johan ,herman ,schrader1 who was also a hymnist of some note4 ,because of the mixed ,danish and ,german population of ,tonder1 a curious situation existed in the church worship4 ,although ,brorson preached in ,danish1 the congregation sang in ,german6 ,to remedy this1 ,brorson1 in #agcb1 wrote a number of his famous ,christmas hymns1 among them ',den yndigste ,rose er funden1' one of the most exquisite gems in sacred poetry4 ,a free rendering of four of its eleven stanzas by ,august ,w4 ,kjellstrand follows3 ,the sweetest1 the fairest of roses ,i've found4 ,among thorns it reposes3 ',tis ,jesus1 my soul's dearest ,treasure1 ,of sinners a ,friend above measure4 ,e'er since the sad day when frail mortals ,were thrust from fair ,eden's bright portals1 ,the world has been dark1 full of terror1 ,and man dead in sin1 lost in error4 ,then mindful of promises given1 ,god sent from the gardens of heaven ,a ,rose1 'mid the thorns brightly blowing1 ,and freely its fragrance bestowing4 ,wherever this ,rose ,tree is grounded1 ,the kingdom of ,god there is founded2 ,and where its sweet fragrance is wafted1 ,there peace in the heart is engrafted4 ,as ,kingo was known among the ,danes as the poet of ,easter1 so ,brorson from this time was hailed as the poet of ,christmas4 ,in #agdg ,brorson was appointed by ,christian ,,vi to become bishop of the diocese of ,ribe4 ,it is said that the ,danish monarch upon meeting ,brorson at a certain occasion inquired of him if he was the author of the hymn1 ,awake1 all things that ,god has made4 ,when the poet modestly answered in the affirmative1 so the story runs1 the king promised him the bishopric4 ,when ,erik ,pontoppidan1 later bishop of ,bergen1 was appointed to revise ,kingo's hymnal1 which for forty years had served the churches of ,denmark and ,norway1 he found his task a comparatively simple one through the valuable assistance rendered by ,brorson4 ,kingo's hymns were changed only slightly1 and the greater part of the new material was from ,brorson's pen4 ,the later years of the poet were darkened by sad experiences4 ,in the year that ,brorson was elevated to the bishopric1 his beloved wife died while giving birth to their thirteenth child4 ,this and other troubles served to make him melancholy in spirit1 but he did not cease to compose poems of rarest beauty4 ,his thoughts1 however1 turned more and more toward heaven and the blessedness of the life hereafter4 ,a celestial radiance is reflected in the hymns of his ,swan-,song4 ,this is particularly true of ,behold1 a host arrayed in white1 a lyric that has become a favorite in ,america as well as in ,europe through its association with ,edvard ,grieg's famous adaptation of a ,norwegian folk song4 ,brorson's earnest character and pious nature made him deeply concerned about the salvation of souls4 ,many of his poems and hymns contain solemn warnings touching on the uncertainty of life and the need of seeking salvation4 ,his gripping hymn1 ,jeg gaar i ,fare1 hvor jeg gaar1 gave ,archbishop ,wallin1 the great ,swedish hymnist1 the inspiration for his noble stanzas3 ,i near the grave1 where'er ,i go1 ,where'er my pathway tendeth2 ,if rough or pleasant here below1 ,my way at death's gate endeth4 ,i have no other choice2 ,between my griefs and joys ,my mortal life is ordered so3 ,i near the grave1 where'er ,i go4 ,i go to heaven1 where'er ,i go1 ,if ,jesus' steps ,i follow2 ,the crown of life ,he will bestow1 ,when earth this frame shall swallow4 ,if through this tearful vale ,i in that course prevail1 ,and walk with ,jesus here below1 ,i go to heaven1 where'er ,i go4 ,other well-known hymns by ,brorson are ,thy little ones1 dear ,lord1 are we1 ,o ,father1 may ,thy ,word prevail1 ,o watch and pray1 ,life's day is ended1 ,my heart1 prepare to give account1 ,by faith we are divinely sure1 ,children of ,god1 born again of ,his ,spirit1 ,o seek the ,lord today1 ,i see ,thee standing1 ,lamb of ,god1 ,stand fast1 my soul1 stand fast1 ,jesus1 ,name of wondrous grace1 and ,who will join the throng to heaven8 ,brorson's childlike spirit may be seen reflected in the first of these1 a children's ,christmas hymn3 ,thy little ones1 dear ,lord1 are we1 ,and come ,thy lowly bed to see2 ,enlighten every soul and mind1 ,that we the way to ,thee may find4 ,with songs we hasten ,thee to greet1 ,and kiss the dust before ,thy feet2 ,o blessed hour1 ,o sweetest night1 ,that gave ,thee birth1 our soul's delight4 ,now welcome6 ,from ,thy heavenly home ,thou to our vale of tears art come2 ,man hath no offering for ,thee1 save ,the stable1 manger1 cross1 and grave4 ,jesus1 alas6 how can it be ,so few bestow a thought on ,thee1 ,or on the love1 so wondrous great1 ,that drew ,thee down to our estate8 ,o draw us wholly to ,thee1 ,lord1 ,do ,thou to us ,thy grace accord1 ,true faith and love to us impart1 ,that we may hold ,thee in our heart4 ,a ,prayer to the ,holy ,spirit ,holy ,spirit1 come with light1 ,break the dark and gloomy night ,with ,thy day unending2 ,help us with a joyful lay ,greet the ,lord's triumphant day ,now with might ascending4 ,comforter1 so wondrous kind1 ,noble ,guest of heart and mind1 ,fix in us ,thy dwelling4 ,give us peace in storm and strife1 ,fill each weary heart and life ,with ,thy joy excelling4 ,make salvation clear to us1 ,who1 despite our sin and cross1 ,are in ,thee confiding4 ,lest our life be void and vain1 ,with ,thy light and love remain ,aye in us abiding4 ,raise or bow us with ,thine arm1 ,break temptation's evil charm1 ,clear our clouded vision4 ,fill our hearts with longings new1 ,cleanse us with ,thy morning dew1 ,tears of deep contrition4 ,thou who givest life and breath1 ,let our hope in sight of death ,blossom bright and vernal2 ,and above the silent tomb ,let the ,easter lilies bloom1 ,signs of life eternal4 ,nikolai ,grundtvig 7#aghc-ahgb74 ,,grundtvig1 ,,the ,,poet ,,of ,,whitsuntide ,nikolai ,f4 ,s4 ,grundtvig was the last and greatest of the celebrated triumvirate of ,danish hymn-writers4 ,as ,kingo was the bright star of the #agth century and ,brorson of the #ahth century1 so ,grundtvig shone with a luster all his own in the #aith century4 ,the poet of ,easter and the poet of ,christmas were succeeded by the poet of ,whitsuntide4 ,the appellation given to ,grundtvig was not without reason1 for it was he1 above all others1 who strove mightily in ,denmark against the deadening spirit of rationalism which had dried up the streams of spirituality in the ,church4 ,no one as he labored with such amazing courage and zeal to bring about the dawn of a new day4 ,nor did ,grundtvig strive in vain4 ,before his life-work was ended1 fresh ,pentecostal breezes began to blow1 the dry bones began to stir1 and the ,church1 moved by the ,spirit of ,god1 experienced a new spiritual birth4 ,the spirit of rationalism had worked havoc with the most sacred truths of the ,christian religion4 ,as some one has said1 ,it converted the banner of the ,lamb into a blue-striped handkerchief1 the ,christian religion into a philosophy of happiness1 and the temple dome into a parasol4 ,under the influence of the new theology1 ministers of the gospel had prostituted the church worship into lectures on science and domestic economy4 ,it is said that one minister in preaching on the theme of the ,christ-child and the manger developed it into a lecture on the proper care of stables1 and another1 moved by the story of the coming of the holy women to the sepulcher on the first ,easter morning1 delivered a peroration on the advantages of getting up early6 ,god was referred to as ,providence or the ,deity1 ,christ as the founder of ,christianity1 sin as error1 salvation as happiness1 and the essence of the ,christian life as morality4 ,grundtvig's father was one of the few ,lutheran pastors in ,denmark who had remained faithful to evangelical truth4 ,the future poet1 who was born in ,udby1 ,september #h1 #aghc1 had the advantage1 therefore1 of being brought up in a household where the spirit of true ,christian piety reigned4 ,it was not long1 however1 before young ,grundtvig1 as a student1 came under the influence of the new theology4 ,although he planned to become a minister1 he lost all interest in religion during his final year at school1 and finished his academic career without spirit and without faith4 ,a number of circumstances1 however1 began to open his eyes to the spiritual poverty of the people4 ,morality was at a low ebb1 and a spirit of indifference and frivolity banished all serious thoughts from their minds4 ,it was a rude shock to his sensitive and patriotic nature to observe1 in #ahjg1 how the population of ,copenhagen laughed and danced while the ,danish fleet was being destroyed by ,english warships and the capital city itself was being bombarded by the enemy4 ,in #ahaj he preached his famous probation sermon on the striking theme1 ,why has the ,word of ,god departed from ,his house8 ,the sermon produced a sensation1 and from this time ,grundtvig came to be known as a mystic and fanatic4 ,his career as a pastor was checkered1 but throughout his life he exerted a powerful influence by his literary activity as well as by his preaching4 ,his poetry and hymns attracted so much attention that it was said that ,kingo's harp has been strung afresh4 ,grundtvig's strongest hymns are those that deal with the ,church and the sacraments4 ,the divine character of the ,church is continually stressed1 for ,christ not only founded it1 but1 as the ,living ,word1 ,he is present in it and in the sacraments unto the end of time4 ,built on the ,rock1 the ,church doth stand is probably his most famous hymn4 ,grundtvig was more concerned about the thought he was trying to convey than the mode of expression2 therefore his hymns are often characterized by strength rather than poetic beauty4 ,they are also so deeply tinged by national spirit and feeling that they lose much of the color and fragrance of their native heath when translated4 ,that ,grundtvig could rise to lyrical heights is revealed especially in his festival hymns4 ,there is a charming freshness in the sweet ,christmas hymn3 ,chime1 happy ,christmas bells1 once more6 ,the heavenly ,guest is at the door1 ,the blessed words the shepherds thrill1 ,the joyous tidings1 ,peace1 good will4 ,o let us go with quiet mind1 ,the gentle ,babe with shepherds find1 ,to gaze on ,him who gladdens them1 ,the loveliest flower of ,jesse's stem4 ,come1 ,jesus1 glorious heavenly ,guest1 ,keep ,thine own ,christmas in our breast1 ,then ,david's harp-strings1 hushed so long1 ,shall swell our jubilee of song4 ,the ,danish hymnologist ,brandt has pointed out the distinctive characteristics of his country's three great hymnists by calling attention to their favorite symbols4 ,that of ,kingo was the sun1 ,brorson's the rose1 and ,grundtvig's the bird4 ,kingo extols ,christ as the risen1 victorious ,saviour--the ,sun that breaks through the dark shades of sin and death4 ,brorson glorifies ,christ as the ,friend of the spiritually poor and needy4 ,they learn to know ,him in the secret prayer chamber as the ,rose that spreads its quiet fragrance4 ,grundtvig's hymns are primarily hymns of the ,spirit4 ,they laud the ,holy ,spirit1 the ,giver and ,renewer of life1 who bears us up on mighty wings toward the mansions of light4 ,among ,danes and ,norwegians there are few hymns more popular than ,grundtvig's hymn on the ,church4 ,the first stanza reads3 ,built on the ,rock the ,church doth stand1 ,even when steeples are falling2 ,crumbled have spires in every land1 ,bells still are chiming and calling2 ,calling the young and old to rest1 ,but above all the soul distressed1 ,longing for rest everlasting4 ,other noted hymns by ,grundtvig include ,love1 the fount of light from heaven1 ,as the rose shall blossom here1 ,the ,lord to thee appealeth1 ,splendid are the heavens high1 ,a ,babe is born in ,bethlehem1 ,from the grave remove dark crosses1 ,o let ,thy ,spirit with us tarry1 ,fair beyond telling1 ,this is the day that our ,father hath given1 ,hast to the plow thou put thy hand1 ,the peace of ,god protects our hearts1 ,o wondrous kingdom here on earth1 ,with gladness we hail this blessed day1 ,he who has helped me hitherto1 and ,peace to soothe our bitter woes4 ,because of his intensive efforts to bring about reforms in the educational methods of his day1 ,grundtvig became known as the father of the public high school in ,scandinavia4 ,in #ahfa1 when he celebrated his golden jubilee as pastor1 ,grundtvig was given the title of bishop4 ,the good old man passed away peacefully on ,september #b1 #ahgb1 at the age of eighty-nine years4 ,he preached his last sermon on the day before his death4 ,a distinguished contemporary of ,grundtvig's who also gained renown as a ,danish hymn-writer was ,bernhardt ,severin ,ingemann1 author of the famous hymn1 ,through the night of doubt and sorrow4 ,ingemann was born in ,falster1 ,denmark1 in #aghi1 the son of a ,lutheran pastor1 ,soren ,ingemann4 ,the father died when ,bernhardt was #aa years old1 but the mother made it possible for the gifted lad to receive a liberal education4 ,at the age of #bb years he published his first volume of poems1 and three years later his famous epic1 ,the ,black ,knights1 appeared4 ,a number of dramas followed1 and in #ahbb he was appointed lector of ,danish language and literature at the ,academy of ,soro4 ,here he remained for forty years1 writing novels1 secular poetry and hymns4 ,he was a warm friend of ,grundtvig's1 who constantly encouraged him in his literary efforts4 ,ingemann's ,morning ,hymns appeared in #ahbb1 and in #ahbe his ,hymns of ,worship was published4 ,in #ahed he was charged with the task of completing the ,psalm ,book for ,church and ,private ,devotion1 edited by the ministerial conference at ,roskilde4 ,a ,norwegian ,miserere ,before ,thee1 ,god1 who knowest all1 ,with grief and shame ,i prostrate fall2 ,i see my sins against ,thee1 ,lord1 ,the sins of thought1 of deed1 and word1 ,they press me sore1 ,i cry to ,thee2 ,o ,god1 be merciful to me6 ,o ,lord1 ,my ,god1 to ,thee ,i pray3 ,o cast me not in wrath away1 ,let ,thy good ,spirit ne'er depart1 ,but let ,him draw to ,thee my heart1 ,that truly penitent ,i be2 ,o ,god1 be merciful to me6 ,o ,jesus1 let ,thy precious blood ,be to my soul a cleansing flood2 ,turn not1 ,o ,lord1 ,thy guest away1 ,but grant that justified ,i may ,go to my house with peace from ,thee2 ,o ,god1 be merciful to me6 ,magnus ,brorstrup ,landstad1 #ahfa4 ,,landstad1 ,a ,,bard ,,of ,,the ,,frozen ,,fjords ,this is the story of a man whose chance purchase of two books at an auction sale for the sum of four cents was probably the means of inspiring him to become one of the foremost ,christian poets of the ,north4 ,magnus ,brorstrup ,landstad was a poverty-stricken student at the ,university of ,christiania 7now ,oslo71 ,norway1 when he happened to pass a house in which a sale of books was being conducted4 ,moved by curiosity1 he entered the place just as a package of old books was being offered4 ,we will let him tell the remainder of the story3 ,i made a bid of four cents1 the deal was made1 and ,i walked home with my package4 ,it contained two volumes in leather binding4 ,one was ',freuden-,spiegel des ewigen ,lebens' by ,philipp ,nicolai4 ,on the last few pages of this book four of ,nicolai's hymns were printed4 ,the other book was ,bishop ,a4 ,arrebo's ',hexaemeron1 ,the ,glorious and ,mighty ,works of the ,creation ,day4' ,in this manner two splendid hymn collections1 one ,german and the other ,danish-,norwegian1 unexpectedly came into my possession4 ,i was not acquainted with either of these works before4 ,nicolai's hymns made a deep impression on me1 and ,i at once attempted to translate them4444 ,my experience with these hymn collections1 ,i believe1 gave me the first impetus in the direction of hymn writing4 ,furthermore1 it gave me a deeper insight into the life and spirit of the old church hymns4 ,two of the hymns of ,nicolai that ,landstad attempted to translate were ,wachet auf1 ruft uns die ,stimme and ,wie schoen leuchtet der ,morgenstern1 noble classics that have never been excelled4 ,the young student was so successful in his rendering of the former hymn that it subsequently found a place in the ,norwegian church hymnary4 ,landstad was born ,october #g1 #ahjb1 in ,maaso1 ,finnmarken1 ,norway1 where his father was pastor of the ,lutheran church4 ,this parish is at the extreme northern point of ,norway1 and so ,landstad himself wrote1 ,i was baptized in the northernmost church in the world4 ,later the family moved to ,oksnes1 another parish among the frozen fjords of the ,norse seacoast4 ,the waves of the icy ,arctic1 he writes poetically1 sang my cradle lullaby2 but the bosom of a loving mother warmed my body and soul4 ,the stern character of the relentless ,north1 with its solitude1 its frozen wastes1 its stormy waters and its long months of winter darkness1 no doubt left a profound and lasting impression upon the lad whose early years were spent in such environments4 ,the ,napoleonic wars were also raging1 and it was a time of much sorrow and suffering among the common people4 ,when the boy was nine years old the family removed to ,vinje4 ,although they continued to suffer many hardships1 the natural surroundings at this place were more congenial1 and in summer the landscape was transformed into a magic beauty that must have warmed the heart and fired the childish imagination of the future hymnist4 ,magnus was the third in a family of ten children4 ,although sorely pressed by poverty1 the father recognized unusual talent in the boy1 and at the age of twenty years he was sent to the university in ,christiania4 ,during his first year at the institution two of his brothers died4 ,young ,landstad was greatly cast down in spirit1 but out of the bitterness of this early bereavement came two memorial poems that are believed to represent his first attempt at verse-writing4 ,in #ahbg he completed his theological studies at the university and the following year he was appointed resident vicar of the ,lutheran church at ,gausdal4 ,during his pastorate at this place he wrote his first hymn4 ,in #ahcd he became pastor at ,kviteseid1 where he continued the writing of hymns and other poems4 ,five years later he became his father's successor as pastor of the parish at ,seljord4 ,it was here1 in #ahda1 that he published his first work1 a book of daily devotions that has been highly prized among his countrymen4 ,for centuries ,norway and ,denmark had been closely connected politically and culturally4 ,the ,lutheran ,church was1 moreover1 the state church of both countries4 ,as a consequence of this relationship ,norway had always looked to ,denmark for its hymn literature1 and no hymnist of any note had ever risen in the northern country4 ,now1 however1 it began to dawn on the ,norwegians that a native singer dwelt in their own midst4 ,the political ties with ,denmark having been broken as a result of the ,napoleonic wars1 the spirit of nationalism began to assert itself and the demand for a new hymn-book for the ,church of ,norway constantly grew stronger4 ,in #ahdh the ,norwegian ecclesiastical authorities requested ,landstad to undertake the task1 but not until four years later could he be prevailed upon to assume the arduous duties involved in so great an endeavor4 ,in #ahfa the first draft of his ,kirke-,salmebog was published4 ,it did not meet with universal approval4 ,in defense of his work1 ,landstad wrote3 ,we must1 above all1 demand that our hymns possess the elements of poetic diction and true song4 ,we must consider the historical and churchly elements1 and the orthodox objectivity which shows respect for church tradition and which appreciates the purity1 clearness1 and force of confession4 ,but the sickly subjectivity1 which 'rests' in the varying moods of pious feelings and godly longings1 and yet does not possess any of the boldness and power of true faith such as we find in ,luther's and ,kingo's hymns--this type of church hymn must be excluded4 ,finally1 we must also emphasize the aesthetic feature4 ,art must be made to serve the ,church1 to glorify the name of ,god1 and to edify the congregation of worshipers4 ,but it must always be remembered that art itself is to be the servant and not the master4 ,nevertheless1 ,landstad continued for several years to revise his own work1 and in #ahfi the hymn-book was finally published and authorized for use in the ,church of ,norway4 ,within a year it had been introduced into #fdh of the #ibc parishes of the country4 ,in #ahgf ,landstad retired from active service after the ,norwegian parliament had unanimously voted him an annual pension of #d1jjj crowns in appreciation of the great service he had rendered his country4 ,he died in ,christiania1 ,october #i1 #ahhj4 ,among the hymns of ,landstad that have been translated into ,english are1 ,i know of a sleep in ,jesus' ,name1 ,i come to ,thee1 ,o blessed ,lord1 ,there many shall come from the ,east and the ,west1 ,when sinners see their lost condition1 and ,before ,thee1 ,god1 who knowest all4 ,although ,landstad's hymns do not attain to lofty poetic heights1 they are marked by a spirit of unusual intimacy1 deep earnestness1 and a warmth of feeling that make a strong appeal to the worshiper4 ,,part ,,iv ,,english ,,hymnody ,ken's ,immortal ,evening ,hymn ,glory to ,thee1 my ,god1 this night1 ,for all the blessings of the light3 ,keep me1 ,o keep me1 ,king of kings1 ,beneath ,thine own almighty wings4 ,forgive me1 ,lord1 for ,thy dear ,son1 ,the ill that ,i this day have done3 ,that1 with the world1 myself1 and ,thee1 ,i1 ere ,i sleep1 at peace may be4 ,teach me to live1 that ,i may dread ,the grave as little as my bed2 ,to die1 that this vile body may ,rise glorious at the judgment day4 ,o then shall ,i in endless day1 ,when sleep and death have passed away1 ,with all ,thy saints and angels sing ,in endless praise to ,thee1 my ,king4 ,thomas ,ken1 #afie4 ,,the ,,dawn ,,of ,,hymnody ,,in ,,england ,owing to the strong prejudice in the ,reformed ,church to hymns of human composure1 the development of hymnody in ,england1 as well as other countries where ,calvin's teachings were accepted1 was slow4 ,crude paraphrases of the ,psalms1 based on the ,genevan ,psalter1 appeared from the hands of various versifiers and were used generally in the churches of ,england and ,scotland4 ,it was not until #afcg1 more than a century after ,luther had published his first hymn-books1 that ,england's first hymn-writer was born4 ,he was ,bishop ,thomas ,ken4 ,this first sweet singer in the early dawn of ,english hymnody holds the distinction of having written the most famous doxology of the ,christian ,church4 ,it is the so-called long meter doxology3 ,praise ,god1 from whom all blessings flow2 ,praise ,him1 all creatures here below2 ,praise ,him above1 ye heavenly host2 ,praise ,father1 ,son1 and ,holy ,ghost4 ,his sublime evening hymn1 ,glory to ,thee1 my ,god1 this night1 is ranked as one of the four masterpieces of ,english praise4 ,his beautiful morning hymn1 ,awake1 my soul1 and with the sun1 is scarcely less deserving of high distinction4 ,as originally written1 both hymns closed with the famous doxology given above4 ,bishop ,ken looms as a heroic figure during turbulent times in ,english history4 ,left an orphan in early childhood1 he was brought up by his brother-in-law1 the famous fisherman1 ,izaak ,walton4 ,ken's name has been found cut in one of the stone pillars at ,winchester1 where he went to school as a boy4 ,when1 in #afgi1 the wife of ,william of ,orange1 the niece of the ,english monarch1 asked ,charles ,,ii1 king of ,england1 to send an ,english chaplain to the royal court at ,the ,hague1 ,ken was selected for the position4 ,however1 he was so outspoken in denouncing the corrupt lives of those in authority in the ,dutch capitol that he was compelled to leave the following year4 ,charles thereupon appointed him one of his own chaplains4 ,ken continued to reveal the same spirit of boldness1 however1 rebuking the sins of the dissolute ,english monarch4 ,on one occasion1 when ,charles asked the courageous pastor to give up his own dwelling temporarily in order that ,nell ,gwynne1 a notorious character1 might be housed1 ,ken answered promptly3 ,not for the ,king's kingdom4 ,instead of punishing the bold and faithful minister1 ,charles so admired his courage that he appointed him bishop of ,bath and ,wells4 ,charles always referred to ,ken as the good little man and1 when it was chapel time1 he would usually say3 ,i must go in and hear ,ken tell me of my faults4 ,when ,charles died1 and the papist ,james ,,ii came to the throne1 ,ken1 together with six other bishops1 was imprisoned in the ,tower of ,london4 ,although he was acquitted1 he was later removed from his bishopric by ,william ,,iii4 ,the last years of his life were spent in a quiet retreat1 and he died in #agaa at the age of seventy-four years4 ,he had requested that six of the poorest men in the parish should carry him to his grave1 and this was done4 ,it was also at his request that he was buried under the east window of the chancel of ,frome church1 the service being held at sunrise4 ,as his body was lowered into its last resting-place1 and the first light of dawn came through the chancel window1 his friends sang his immortal morning hymn3 ,awake1 my soul1 and with the sun ,thy daily stage of duty run4 ,shake off dull sloth1 and joyful rise ,to pay thy morning sacrifice4 ,wake and lift up thyself1 my heart1 ,and with the angels bear thy part1 ,who all night long unwearied sing ,high praise to the eternal ,king4 ,all praise to ,thee1 who safe hast kept1 ,and hast refreshed me while ,i slept3 ,grant1 ,lord1 when ,i from death shall wake1 ,i may of endless life partake4 ,it is said that after ,bishop ,ken had written this hymn1 he sang it to his own accompaniment on the lute every morning as a part of his private devotion4 ,although he wrote many other hymns1 only this one and his evening hymn have survived4 ,the two hymns were published in a devotional book prepared for the students of ,winchester ,college4 ,in this work ,bishop ,ken urged the students to sing the hymns devoutly in their rooms every morning and evening4 ,the historian ,macaulay paid ,ken a beautiful tribute when he said that he came as near to the ideal of ,christian perfection as human weakness permits4 ,it was during the life-time of ,bishop ,ken that ,joseph ,addison1 the famous essayist1 was publishing the ,spectator4 ,addison was not only the leading literary light of his time1 but a devout ,christian as well4 ,from time to time he appended a poem to the charming essays which appeared in the ,spectator1 and it is from this source that we have received five hymns of rare beauty4 ,they are the so-called ,creation hymn1 ,the spacious firmament on high1 which ,haydn included in his celebrated oratorio2 the ,traveler's hymn1 beginning with the line1 ,how are ,thy servants blest1 ,o ,lord2 and three other hymns1 almost equally well-known3 ,the ,lord my pasture shall prepare1 ,when rising from the bed of death1 and ,when all ,thy mercies1 ,o my ,god4 ,the latter contains one of the most striking expressions in all the realm of hymnody3 ,through all eternity to ,thee ,a joyful song ,i'll raise3 ,but oh1 eternity's too short ,to utter all ,thy praise6 ,in the essay introducing this hymn1 ,addison writes3 ,if gratitude is due from man to man1 how much more from man to his ,maker4 ,the ,supreme ,being does not only confer upon us those bounties which proceed immediately from ,his hand1 but even those benefits which are conveyed to us by others4 ,any blessing which we enjoy1 by what means soever derived1 is the gift of ,him who is the great ,author of ,good and the ,father of ,mercies4 ,the ,traveler's hymn1 ,how are ,thy servants blessed1 ,o ,lord1 was written after ,addison's return from a perilous voyage on the ,mediterranean4 ,in addition to his literary pursuits1 ,addison also occupied several important positions of state with the ,english government4 ,he died on ,june #ag1 #agai1 at the age of forty-seven4 ,when he was breathing his last1 he called for the ,earl of ,warwick and exclaimed3 ,see in what peace a ,christian can die6 ,the hymns of ,addison and ,bishop ,ken may be regarded as the heralds of a new day in the worship of the ,reformed ,church4 ,while ,addison was still writing his essays and verses for the ,spectator1 ,isaac ,watts1 peer of all ,english hymnists1 was already tuning his lyre of many strings4 ,psalmody was beginning to yield to hymnody4 ,the ,pearl of ,english ,hymnody ,when ,i survey the wondrous cross ,on which the ,prince of glory died1 ,my richest gain ,i count but loss1 ,and pour contempt on all my pride4 ,forbid it1 ,lord1 that ,i should boast1 ,save in the death of ,christ1 my ,god2 ,all the vain things that charm me most1 ,i sacrifice them to ,his blood4 ,see1 from ,his head1 ,his hands1 ,his feet1 ,sorrow and love flow mingled down6 ,did e'er such love and sorrow meet1 ,or thorns compose so rich a crown6 ,were the whole realm of nature mine1 ,that were a tribute far too small2 ,love so amazing1 so divine1 ,demands my soul1 my life1 my all4 ,isaac ,watts1 #agjg4 ,,isaac ,,watts1 ,,father ,,of ,,english ,,hymnody ,by universal consent the title1 ,father of ,english ,hymnody1 is bestowed upon ,isaac ,watts4 ,english hymns had been written before the time of ,watts1 notably the beautiful classics of ,ken and ,addison2 but it remained for the genius of ,watts to break the iron rule of psalmody in the ,reformed ,church which had continued uninterrupted since the days of ,calvin4 ,watts was born in ,southampton1 ,england1 ,july #ag1 #afgd4 ,his father was a dissenter1 and twice was imprisoned for his religious views4 ,this was during the time when ,isaac was still a baby1 and the mother often carried the future poet in her arms when she went to visit her husband in prison4 ,when ,isaac grew up1 a wealthy man offered to give him a university education if he would consent to become a minister in the ,established ,church4 ,this he refused to do1 but prepared instead for the ,independent ministry4 ,early in life young ,watts had revealed signs of poetic genius4 ,as a boy of seven years he had amused his parents with his rhymes4 ,as he grew older he became impatient with the wretched paraphrases of the ,psalms then in use in the ,reformed churches4 ,these views were shared generally by those who possessed a discriminating taste in poetry4 ,scandalous doggerel was the term applied by ,samuel ,wesley1 father of the famous ,wesley brothers1 to the versified ,psalms of ,sternhold and ,hopkins1 who had published the most popular psalm-book of the day4 ,when young ,watts ventured to voice his displeasure over the psalm-singing in his father's church in ,southampton1 one of the church officers retorted3 ,give us something better1 young man4 ,although he was only eighteen years old at the time1 he accepted the challenge and wrote his first hymn1 which was sung at the following ,sunday evening services4 ,the first stanza seems prophetic of his future career3 ,behold the glories of the ,lamb ,amidst ,his ,father's throne2 ,prepare new honors for ,his ,name1 ,and songs before unknown4 ,the hymn met with such favorable reception that the youthful poet was encouraged to write others1 and within the next two years he produced nearly all of the #baj hymns that constituted his famous collection1 ,hymns and ,spiritual ,songs1 published in #agjg4 ,this was the first real hymn-book in the ,english language4 ,twelve years later he published his ,psalms of ,david1 a metrical version of the ,psalter1 but1 as he himself stated1 rendered in the language of the ,new ,testament1 and applied to the ,christian state and worship4 ,indeed1 the ,psalms were given such a distinctively ,christian flavor that their ,old ,testament origin is often overlooked4 ,witness1 for example1 the opening lines of his rendition of the ,seventy-second ,psalm3 ,jesus shall reign where'er the sun ,does his successive journeys run4 ,in addition to being a preacher and a poet1 ,watts was an ardent student of theology and philosophy1 and wrote several notable books4 ,always frail in health from childhood1 his intense studies finally resulted in completely shattering his constitution1 and he was compelled to give up his parish4 ,during this period of physical distress1 the stricken poet was invited to become a guest for a week in the home of ,sir ,thomas ,abney1 an intimate friend and admirer4 ,the friendship continued to grow1 and inasmuch as ,watts did not improve in health1 he was urged to remain4 ,he finally so endeared himself to the ,abney family that they refused to let him go1 and he who had come to spend a week remained for the rest of his life--thirty-six years6 ,the great hymnist died on ,november #be1 #agdh1 and was buried at ,bunhill ,fields1 ,london1 near the graves of ,john ,bunyan and ,daniel ,defoe4 ,a monument to his memory was placed in ,westminster ,abbey1 the highest honor that can be bestowed upon an ,englishman4 ,to ,isaac ,watts we are indebted for some of our most sublime hymns4 ,when ,i survey the wondrous cross has been named by ,matthew ,arnold as the finest hymn in the ,english language1 and most critics concur in the judgment4 ,certainly it is one of the most beautiful4 ,john ,julian1 the noted hymnologist1 declares that it must be classified with the four hymns that stand at the head of all ,english hymns4 ,other hymns of ,watts continue to hold their grip on the ,christian ,church after the passing of two centuries4 ,no ,christmas service seems complete without singing his beautiful paraphrase of the ninety-eighth ,psalm1 ,joy to the world1 the ,lord is come6 ,another hymn1 ,o ,god1 our help in ages past1 based on the ninetieth ,psalm1 is indispensable at ,new ,year's time4 ,then there is the majestic hymn of worship1 ,before ,jehovah's awful throne1 as well as the appealing ,lenten hymn1 ,alas1 and did my ,saviour bleed8 ,and who has not been stirred by the challenge in ,am ,i a soldier of the cross8 ,other hymns by ,watts include such favorites as ,there is a land of pure delight1 ,come1 ,holy ,spirit1 ,heavenly ,dove1 ,o that the ,lord would guide my ways1 ,my dear ,redeemer and my ,lord1 ,how beauteous are their feet1 ,come1 sound ,his praise abroad1 ,my soul1 repeat ,his praise1 ,o bless the ,lord1 my soul1 ,lord of the worlds above1 ,lord1 we confess our numerous faults1 ,in vain we seek for peace with ,god1 ,not all the blood of beasts1 ,so let our lips and lives express1 ,the ,lord my ,shepherd is1 and ,when ,i can read my title clear4 ,although ,watts never married1 he deeply loved little children1 and he is the author of some of the most famous nursery rhymes in the ,english language4 ,the profound genius that produced ,o ,god1 our help in ages in past also understood how to appeal to the childish mind by means of such happy little jingles as1 ,how doth the little busy bee and ,let dogs delight to bark and bite1 as well as by the exquisite cradle-song3 ,hush1 my dear1 lie still and slumber2 ,holy angels guard thy bed2 ,heavenly blessings without number ,gently falling on thy head4 ,sleep1 my babe1 thy food and raiment1 ,house and home1 thy friends provide2 ,all without thy care or payment1 ,all thy wants are well supplied4 ,how much better thou'rt attended ,than the ,son of ,god could be1 ,when from heaven ,he descended1 ,and became a child like thee4 ,soft and easy is thy cradle1 ,coarse and hard thy ,saviour lay1 ,when ,his birthplace was a stable1 ,and ,his softest bed the hay4 ,seeking the ,heavenly ,prize ,awake1 my soul1 stretch every nerve1 ,and press with vigor on2 ,a heavenly race demands thy zeal1 ,and an immortal crown4 ,a cloud of witnesses around ,hold thee in full survey3 ,forget the steps already trod1 ,and onward urge thy way4 ',tis ,god's all-animating voice ,that calls thee from on high2 ',tis ,his own hand presents the prize ,to thine aspiring eye3 ,that prize with peerless glories bright ,which shall new luster boast1 ,when victors' wreaths and monarchs' gems ,shall blend in common dust4 ,blest ,saviour1 introduced by ,thee1 ,have ,i my race begun2 ,and1 crowned with victory1 at ,thy feet ,i'll lay my honors down4 ,philip ,doddridge 7#agjb-agea74 ,,doddridge3 ,,preacher1 ,,teacher ,,and ,,hymnist ,philip ,doddridge was one of ,england's gifted evangelical preachers4 ,like the ,wesley brothers1 he came from a large family4 ,while there were nineteen children in the ,wesley family1 ,philip ,doddridge was the last of twenty children4 ,the religious background of the ,doddridge family was significant4 ,although his father was an oil merchant in ,london1 his grandfather had been one of the ,independent ministers under the ,commonwealth who were ejected in #affb4 ,both of his parents were pious people1 and ,philip1 who was born ,june #bf1 #agjb1 was brought up in a religious atmosphere4 ,he was such a delicate child that his life was despaired of almost from birth4 ,his parents died while he was yet quite young1 but kind friends cared for the orphan boy and sent him to school4 ,because he revealed such unusual gifts as a student1 the ,duchess of ,bedford offered to give him a university training on condition that he would become a minister of the ,church of ,england4 ,this1 however1 ,philip declined to do1 and he entered a nonconformist seminary instead4 ,at the age of twenty-one years he was ordained as pastor of the ,independent congregation at ,kibworth1 ,england4 ,six years later he began his real life work at ,northampton1 where he served as the head of a theological training school and preached in the local congregation4 ,to this school came young men from all parts of the ,british ,isles and even from the continent4 ,most of them prepared to become ministers in the ,independent ,church4 ,doddridge himself was practically the whole faculty4 ,among his subjects were ,hebrew1 ,greek1 ,algebra1 ,philosophy1 ,trigonometry1 ,logic1 and theological branches4 ,as a hymn-writer ,doddridge ranks among the foremost in ,england4 ,he was a friend and admirer of ,isaac ,watts1 whose hymns at this time had set all ,england singing4 ,in some respects his lyrics resemble those of ,watts4 ,although they do not possess the strength and majesty found in the latter's hymns1 they have more personal warmth and tenderness4 ,witness1 for instance1 the children's hymn3 ,see ,israel's gentle ,shepherd stand ,with all-engaging charms2 ,hark6 how ,he calls the tender lambs1 ,and folds them in ,his arms4 ,note also the spiritual joy that is reflected in the hymn so often used at confirmation3 ,o happy day1 that stays my choice ,on ,thee1 my ,saviour and my ,god6 ,well may this glowing heart rejoice1 ,and tell its raptures all abroad4 ,something of ,doddridge's own confiding trust in ,god is expressed in the beautiful lines3 ,shine on our souls1 eternal ,god6 ,with rays of beauty shine2 ,o let ,thy favor crown our days1 ,and all their round be ,thine4 ,did we not raise our hands to ,thee1 ,our hands might toil in vain2 ,small joy success itself could give1 ,if ,thou ,thy love restrain4 ,other noted hymns by ,doddridge include such gems as ,hark1 the glad sound1 the ,saviour comes1 ,great ,god1 we sing that mighty hand1 ,o ,fount of good1 to own ,thy love1 and ,father of all1 ,thy care we bless4 ,doddridge wrote about four hundred hymns4 ,most of them were composed for use in his own congregation in connection with his sermons4 ,none of them was published during his life-time1 but manuscript copies were widely circulated among the ,independent congregations in ,england4 ,the fact that about one-third of his hymns are still in common use on both sides of the ,atlantic bears witness of their unusual merit4 ,though ,doddridge struggled under the burden of feeble health1 his life was filled with arduous duties4 ,when he was only forty-eight years old it became apparent that he had fallen a victim to tubercular infection4 ,he was advised to leave ,england for ,lisbon1 ,portugal4 ,lacking funds for the voyage1 friends in all parts of ,england came to his aid4 ,the journey was undertaken1 but on ,october #bf1 #agea1 he died at ,lisbon4 ,a ,hymn of the ,ages ,jesus1 ,lover of my soul1 ,let me to ,thy bosom fly1 ,while the nearer waters roll1 ,while the tempest still is high6 ,hide me1 ,o my ,saviour1 hide1 ,till the storm of life is past2 ,safe into the haven guide3 ,o receive my soul at last6 ,other refuge have ,i none2 ,hangs my helpless soul on ,thee2 ,leave1 ah1 leave me not alone1 ,still support and comfort me6 ,all my trust in ,thee is stayed1 ,all my help from ,thee ,i bring3 ,cover my defenseless head ,with the shadow of ,thy wing4 ,thou1 ,o ,christ1 art all ,i want2 ,more than all in ,thee ,i find4 ,raise the fallen1 cheer the faint1 ,heal the sick1 and lead the blind4 ,just and holy is ,thy name1 ,i am all unrighteousness2 ,false and full of sin ,i am1 ,thou art full of truth and grace4 ,plenteous grace with ,thee is found1 ,grace to cover all my sin2 ,let the healing streams abound1 ,make and keep me pure within4 ,thou of life the ,fountain art1 ,freely let me take of ,thee3 ,spring ,thou up within my heart1 ,rise to all eternity4 ,charles ,wesley1 #agdj4 ,,wesley1 ,,the ,,sweet ,,bard ,,of ,,methodism ,every great religious movement has witnessed an outburst of song4 ,this was particularly true of the ,lutheran ,reformation in ,germany and other lands and of the ,methodist revival in ,england4 ,john and ,charles ,wesley1 like ,martin ,luther1 understood something of the value of sacred song in impressing religious truths upon the hearts and minds of men4 ,while ,john ,wesley was undoubtedly a preacher of marvelous spiritual power1 the real secret of the success of the ,wesleyan movement more likely must be sought in the sublime hymns written by his brother ,charles4 ,with ,isaac ,watts1 ,charles ,wesley holds the foremost place in the realm of ,english hymnody4 ,no less than #f1ejj hymns are said to have been written by this sweet bard of ,methodism4 ,naturally they are not all of the highest order1 but it is surprising how many of them rise to real poetic excellence4 ,of the #ggj hymns in the ,wesleyan ,hymn ,book1 #fbc are from the pen of ,charles ,wesley6 ,wesley did not write hymns merely as a duty1 nor yet as a pastime4 ,his soul seemed filled with music and poetry1 and when his genius became touched by the divine spark of ,christ's ,spirit1 it burst into full flame4 ,it has been said of ,franz ,schubert that he had to write music4 ,the same was true of ,charles ,wesley4 ,when his soul was full of song1 he had to give expression to it by writing his immortal hymns4 ,the inspiration came to him under all sorts of conditions4 ,some of his hymns were written on horseback1 others in a stage-coach or on the deck of a vessel4 ,even as he was lying on his deathbed1 at the age of eighty years1 he dictated his last hymn to his faithful and devoted wife4 ,it begins with the words1 ,in age and feebleness extreme4 ,charles ,wesley was the next to the youngest of nineteen children born to ,rev4 ,samuel ,wesley and his remarkable wife ,susannah4 ,the father1 who was a clergyman in the ,church of ,england1 possessed more than ordinary literary gifts4 ,he is the author of at least one hymn that has survived the passing of time1 ,behold1 the ,saviour of mankind4 ,the mother presided over the rectory at ,epworth1 where both of the distinguished sons were born1 and also looked after the education of the younger children of the large family4 ,concerning this very unusual mother and the spiritual influence she exerted over her children1 volumes have been written4 ,poverty and other tribulations descended upon the ,epworth rectory like the afflictions of ,job4 ,the crowning disaster came in #agji1 when the ,wesley home was completely destroyed by fire4 ,john1 who was only six years old at the time1 was left behind in the confusion and when the entire house was aflame he was seen to appear at a second-story window4 ,the agonized father fell upon his knees and implored ,god to save his child4 ,immediately a neighbor mounted the shoulders of another man and managed to seize the boy just as the roof fell in4 ,thus was spared the child who was destined to become the leader of one of the greatest spiritual movements in the ,christian ,church4 ,while ,john and ,charles were students at ,oxford ,university1 they became dissatisfied with the spiritual conditions existing among the students4 ,soon they formed an organization devoted to spiritual exercises4 ,because of their strict rules and precise methods1 they were nicknamed the ,methodists1 a name that afterwards became attached to their reform movement4 ,the hymns of ,charles ,wesley are so numerous that only a few of the more outstanding can be mentioned here4 ,hark6 the herald angels sing1 ,love divine1 all love excelling and ,jesus1 ,lover of my soul form a triumvirate of hymns never surpassed by a single author4 ,add to these such hymns as ,a charge to keep ,i have1 ,arise1 my soul1 arise1 ,christ1 whose glory fills the sky1 ,come1 ,thou long-expected ,jesus1 ,soldiers of ,christ1 arise1 ,hail the day that sees ,him rise1 and ,suffering ,son of ,man1 be near me1 and it will readily be understood why the name of ,charles ,wesley is graven in such large letters in the hymnody of the ,christian ,church4 ,jesus1 ,lover of my soul is generally recognized as the finest hymn of ,wesley4 ,this is all the more remarkable since it was one of the earliest written by him4 ,it was first published in #agdj in a collection of #aci hymns known as ,hymns and ,sacred ,poems1 by ,john and ,charles ,wesley4 ,this was at the beginning of the ,wesleyan movement1 which soon began to spread like fire all over ,england4 ,there are several stories extant as to the origin of the hymn4 ,the most trustworthy of these tells how the author was deeply perplexed by spiritual difficulties one day1 when he noticed through his open study window a little song bird pursued by a hungry hawk4 ,presently the bird fluttered exhausted through the window and straight into the arms of ,wesley1 where it found a safe refuge4 ,pondering on this unusual incident1 the thought came to ,wesley that1 in like manner1 the soul of man must flee to ,christ in doubts and fears4 ,then he took up his pen and wrote3 ,jesus1 ,lover of my soul1 ,let me to ,thy bosom fly4 ,the reference to the tempest and the storm of life may have been prompted by the memory of an earlier experience1 when he and his brother ,john were on their way to the colony of ,georgia on a missionary journey4 ,it was in the year #agce the brothers formed a friendship with a band of ,moravians who were sailing on the same ship for ,america4 ,during the crossing a terrible tempest was encountered and for a while it was feared the ship would sink4 ,while all of the other passengers were filled with terror1 the ,wesleys were impressed by the calmness and courage of the ,moravians1 who sang hymns in the midst of the raging storm4 ,seeking for a reason for their spiritual fortitude1 the brothers found that the ,moravians seemed to possess a positive certainty of salvation through faith in ,jesus ,christ4 ,the ,wesleys also made the sad discovery that they themselves did not really possess this assurance1 but had been trying to work out their salvation by methods of their own4 ,john ,wesley later made the confession that he and his brother had gone to ,georgia to convert the people there1 whereas they themselves had need to be converted6 ,upon their return to ,london the brothers fell in with other ,moravians1 and through them they became familiar with ,luther's teachings4 ,charles came to a saving faith in ,christ during a severe illness1 and a week later his brother had a similar spiritual experience4 ,it was on ,may #bd1 #agch1 that ,john ,wesley attended a meeting in ,aldersgate ,street1 where some one was reading ,luther's preface to the ,epistle to the ,romans4 ,then for the first time light dawned on his soul1 and he found peace with ,god through ,christ4 ,soon afterwards ,john ,wesley left for ,halle1 ,germany1 the seat of the ,pietist movement1 in order to become more familiar with the teachings of ,luther and the evangelical methods of the ,pietists4 ,at ,halle he also became deeply imbued with missionary zeal4 ,upon his return to ,england he launched1 with ,john ,whitefield1 the greatest spiritual movement his country had ever known4 ,revivals flamed everywhere4 ,no buildings were large enough to house the crowds that gathered to hear the evangelists1 and1 because the ,english clergy were hostile to the movement1 most of the meetings were held in the open air4 ,charles at first aided in preaching1 but eventually devoted his time mainly to hymns4 ,it is estimated that ,john ,wesley held no less than forty thousand preaching services1 and traveled nearly a quarter of a million miles4 ,it was he who said1 ,the world is my parish4 ,john wrote some original hymns1 but his translations of ,german hymns are more important4 ,we are indebted to him for the ,english versions of ,paul ,gerhardt's ,commit thou all thy griefs1 ,tersteegen's ,thou hidden love of ,god whose height1 ,freylinghausen's ,o ,jesus1 ,source of calm repose1 ,zinzendorf's ,jesus1 ,thy blood and righteousness1 and ,scheffler's ,thee will ,i love1 ,my ,strength1 my ,tower4 ,charles ,wesley died ,march #bi1 #aghh1 after fifty years of service to the ,church4 ,the day before he was taken ill1 he preached in ,city ,road chapel1 ,london4 ,the hymn before the sermon was ,watts' ,i'll praise my ,maker1 while ,i've breath4 ,the following evening1 although very sick1 he amazed his friends by singing the entire hymn with a strong voice4 ,on the night of his death he tried several times to repeat the hymn1 but could only say1 ,i'll praise--,i'll praise--1 and with the praise of his ,maker on his lips1 he went home to ,god4 ,john ,wesley survived his brother three years1 entering his eternal rest on ,march #b1 #agia4 ,the text of his last sermon was1 ,seek ye the ,lord while ,he may be found4 ,whether ,charles ,wesley or ,isaac ,watts should be accorded first place among ,english hymnists has been a subject of much dispute4 ,the fact is that each occupies a unique position1 and the one complements the other4 ,while ,watts dwells on the awful majesty and glory of ,god in sublime phrases1 ,wesley touches the very hem of ,christ's garment in loving adoration and praise4 ,dr4 ,breed compares the two in the following striking manner3 ,watts is more reverential2 ,wesley more loving4 ,watts is stronger2 ,wesley sweeter4 ,watts appeals profoundly to the intellect2 ,wesley takes hold of the heart4 ,watts will continue to sing for the ,pauls and ,peters of the ,church2 ,wesley for the ,thomases and the ,johns4 ,where both are so great it would be idle to attempt to settle their priority4 ,let us only be grateful that ,god in ,his gracious providence has given both to the ,church to voice the praises of various classes4 ,henry ,ward ,beecher uttered one of the most beautiful of all tributes to ,jesus1 ,lover of my soul when he said3 ,i would rather have written that hymn of ,wesley's than to have the fame of all the kings that ever sat on the earth4 ,it is more glorious4 ,it has more power in it4 ,i would rather be the author of that hymn than to hold the wealth of the richest man in ,new ,york4 ,he will die4 ,he is dead1 and does not know it4444 ,but that hymn will go singing until the last trump brings forth the angel band2 and then1 ,i think1 it will mount up on some lip to the very presence of ,god4 ,george ,duffield1 author of ,stand up1 stand up for ,jesus1 called ,wesley's lyric the hymn of the ages4 ,no one will ever know how much help and consolation it has brought to souls in affliction4 ,allan ,sutherland tells of the following pathetic incident3 ,on an intensely warm day1 as ,i stood on the corner of a sun-baked street in ,philadelphia1 waiting for a car to take me to the cool retreats of ,fairmount ,park1 ,i heard a low1 quavering voice singing1 with inexpressible sweetness1 ',jesus1 ,lover of my soul4' ,looking up to an open window whence the sound came1 ,i saw on the sill a half-withered plant--a pathetic oasis of green in a desert of brick and mortar--and resting tenderly and caressingly upon it was an emaciated hand4 ,i could not see the person to whom the voice and hand belonged1 but that was unnecessary--the story was all too clearly revealed3 ,i knew that within that close1 uncomfortable room a human soul was struggling with the great problem of life and death1 and was slowly but surely reaching its solution2 ,i knew that in spite of her lowly surroundings her life was going out serenely and triumphantly4 ,i shall never forget the grave1 pathetic pleading in the frail young voice as these words were borne to me on the oppressive air3 ,other refuge have ,i none2 ,hangs my helpless soul on ,thee2 ,leave1 ah1 leave me not alone1 ,still support and comfort me6 ,another ,hymn of the ,ages ,rock of ,ages1 cleft for me1 ,let me hide myself in ,thee3 ,let the water and the blood ,from ,thy riven side which flowed ,be of sin the perfect cure1 ,save me1 ,lord1 and make me pure4 ,not the labors of my hands ,can fulfil ,thy ,law's demands2 ,could my zeal no respite know1 ,could my tears forever flow1 ,all for sin could not atone2 ,thou must save1 and ,thou alone4 ,nothing in my hand ,i bring1 ,simply to ,thy cross ,i cling2 ,naked1 come to ,thee for dress2 ,helpless1 look to ,thee for grace2 ,foul1 ,i to the ,fountain fly3 ,wash me1 ,saviour1 or ,i die6 ,when ,i draw this fleeting breath1 ,when my eyelids close in death1 ,when ,i soar to worlds unknown1 ,see ,thee on ,thy judgment throne1 ,rock of ,ages1 cleft for me1 ,let me hide myself in ,thee4 ,august ,toplady1 #aggf4 ,a ,,great ,,hymn ,,that ,,grew ,,out ,,of ,a ,,quarrel ,although ,isaac ,watts' beautiful hymn1 ,when ,i survey the wondrous cross1 is regarded by most critics as the finest hymn in the ,english language1 ,toplady's ,rock of ,ages holds the distinction of being the most popular4 ,perhaps no hymn ever written has so gripped the hearts of ,christians of all communions as this noble hymn4 ,a ,british magazine once invited its readers to submit a list of the hundred ,english hymns that stood highest in their esteem4 ,a total of #c1ejj persons responded1 and ,rock of ,ages was named first by #c1bae4 ,we have tried the same experiment with a group of ,bible students1 and ,rock of ,ages easily headed the list4 ,augustus ,montague ,toplady1 the writer of this hymn1 was born on ,november #d1 #agdj1 at ,farnham1 ,england4 ,his father1 a major in the ,english army1 was killed the following year at the siege of ,carthagena4 ,the widowed mother later removed to ,ireland1 where her son was educated at ,trinity ,college1 ,dublin4 ,it was during this period of his life that ,augustus1 then sixteen years of age1 chanced to attend an evangelistic service held in a barn4 ,the preacher was an unlettered layman1 but his message so gripped the heart of the lad that he determined then and there to give his heart to ,god4 ,of this experience ,toplady afterward wrote3 ,strange that ,i who had so long sat under the means of grace in ,england should be brought right unto ,god in an obscure part of ,ireland1 amidst a handful of people met together in a barn1 and by the ministry of one who could hardly spell his own name4 ,surely it was the ,lord's doing and is marvelous4 ,toplady was ordained at the age of twenty-two as a minister of the ,church of ,england4 ,he was frail of body1 and after some years he was stricken with consumption4 ,it was while fighting the ravages of this disease that he wrote his famous hymn1 two years before his death4 ,the hymn first appeared in the ,march issue of the ,gospel ,magazine1 of which ,toplady was editor1 in the year #aggf4 ,it was appended to a curious article in which the author attempted to show by mathematical computation how dreadful is the sum total of sins committed by a man during a lifetime1 and how impossible it is for a sinner to redeem himself from this debt of guilt4 ,but ,christ1 who is the sinner's refuge1 has paid the entire debt4 ,it was this glorious thought that inspired him to sing3 ,rock of ,ages1 cleft for me1 ,let me hide myself in ,thee4 ,for some years ,john ,wesley1 the great founder of ,methodism1 and ,toplady had been engaged in a theological dispute4 ,toplady was a confirmed ,calvinist and was intolerant of ,wesley's ,arminian views4 ,both men were intemperate in their language and hurled unseemly and sometimes bitter invectives at each other4 ,wesley characterized ,toplady as a chimney-sweep and a lively coxcomb4 ,toplady retorted by calling ,wesley ,pope ,john and declaring that his forehead was petrified and impervious to a blush4 ,there are reasons for believing that the article in the ,gospel ,magazine by ,toplady to which we have alluded was for the purpose of refuting ,wesley's teachings1 and that ,rock of ,ages was written at the conclusion of the article as an effective way of clinching the argument4 ,in our day1 when we find ,rock of ,ages on one page of our hymnals and ,charles ,wesley's ,jesus1 ,lover of my soul1 on the next1 it is hard to understand the uncharitable spirit that existed between these servants of ,christ4 ,perhaps1 had they really understood each other1 they were more in accord than they suspected4 ,nevertheless1 ,god is able to use the most imperfect of human instruments for ,his praise1 and surely ,rock of ,ages has been the means of bringing multitudes to ,god through ,christ4 ,its strength lies undoubtedly in the clear and simple manner in which it sets forth the glorious truth that we are saved by grace alone1 through the merits of ,christ4 ,even a child can understand the meaning of the words1 ,nothing in my hand ,i bring1 ,simply to ,thy cross ,i cling4 ,or these1 ,not the labors of my hands ,can fulfil ,thy ,law's demands2 ,could my zeal no respite know1 ,could my tears forever flow1 ,all for sin could not atone2 ,thou must save1 and ,thou alone4 ,in this comforting and triumphant faith ,toplady himself passed into glory in his thirty-eighth year4 ,a few hours before his death he exclaimed3 ,my heart beats every day stronger and stronger for glory4 ,sickness is no affliction1 pain no curse1 death itself no dissolution4 ,his last words were3 ,my prayers are all converted into praises4 ,during his illness some friends had expressed the hope that he might soon be restored4 ,toplady shook his head4 ,no mortal man can live1 he said1 after the glories which ,god has manifested to my soul4 ,at another time he told how he enjoyed a heaven already in his soul1 and that his spiritual experiences were so exalted that he could ask for nothing except a continuation of them4 ,before his death ,toplady had requested that he be buried beneath the gallery over against the pulpit of ,totenham ,court ,chapel4 ,strangely enough1 this building was intimately associated with the early history of ,methodism4 ,it was built by ,whitefield1 and here also ,wesley preached ,whitefield's funeral sermon4 ,perhaps it was ,toplady's way of expressing the hope that all the bitterness and rancor attending his controversy with ,wesley might be buried with him4 ,rock of ,ages has been translated into almost every known language1 and to all peoples it seems to bring the same wondrous appeal4 ,an old ,chinese woman was trying to do something of merit in the eyes of her heathen gods by digging a well twenty-five feet deep and fifteen in diameter4 ,she was converted to ,christianity1 and when she was eighty years old1 she held out the crippled hands with which she had labored all her life and sang3 ,nothing in my hands ,i bring4 ,a missionary to ,india once sought the aid of a ,hindu to translate the hymn into one of the numerous dialects of ,india4 ,the result was not so happy4 ,the opening words were3 ,very old stone1 split for my benefit1 ,let me get under one of your fragments4 ,this is a fair example of the difference between poetry and prose4 ,the translator was faithful to the idea1 but how common-place and unfortunate are his expressions when compared with the language of the original6 ,the ,coronation ,hymn ,all hail the power of ,jesus' ,name6 ,let angels prostrate fall2 ,bring forth the royal diadem1 ,and crown ,him ,lord of all4 ,ye seed of ,israel's chosen race1 ,ye ransomed from the fall1 ,hail ,him1 who saves you by ,his grace1 ,and crown ,him ,lord of all4 ,hail ,him1 ye heirs of ,david's line1 ,whom ,david ,lord did call2 ,the ,lord incarnate1 ,man divine1 ,and crown ,him ,lord of all4 ,sinners1 whose love can ne'er forget ,the wormwood and the gall2 ,go1 spread your trophies at ,his feet1 ,and crown ,him ,lord of all4 ,let every kindred1 every tribe1 ,on this terrestrial ball ,to ,him all majesty ascribe1 ,and crown ,him ,lord of all4 ,o that with yonder sacred throng ,we at ,his feet may fall6 ,we'll join the everlasting song1 ,and crown ,him ,lord of all4 ,edward ,perronet1 #aggi4 ,,the ,,bird ,,of ,a ,,single ,,song ,some men gain fame through a long life of work and achievement2 others through a single notable deed4 ,the latter is true in a very remarkable sense of ,edward ,perronet1 author of the ,church's great coronation hymn1 ,all hail the power of ,jesus' ,name4 ,perronet1 bird of a single song1 but ,o how sweet6 is the charming tribute of ,bishop ,fess in referring to this inspired hymn and its author4 ,although ,perronet was a man of more than ordinary ability1 his name probably would have been lost to posterity had he not written the coronation hymn4 ,an associate of the ,wesleys for many years1 ,perronet also wrote three volumes of sacred poems1 some of unusual merit4 ,all of them1 however1 have been practically forgotten except his one immortal hymn4 ,so long as there are ,christians on earth1 it will continue to be sung1 and after that--in heaven6 ,perronet came from a distinguished line of ,french ,protestants who had found refuge in ,england during times of religious persecution in their homeland4 ,his father1 ,rev4 ,vincent ,perronet1 was vicar of ,shoreham4 ,both father and son1 though ardent supporters of the ,established ,church1 became intensely interested in the great evangelical revival under ,whitefield and the ,wesleys4 ,at one time young ,perronet traveled with ,john ,wesley4 ,much opposition had been stirred up against the ,wesleyan movement1 and in some places the preachers were threatened by mobs4 ,concerning these experiences1 ,wesley makes the following notation in his diary3 ,from ,rockdale we went to ,bolton1 and soon found that the ,rockdale lions were lambs in comparison with those of ,bolton4 ,edward ,perronet was thrown down and rolled in mud and mire4 ,stones were hurled and windows broken4 ,on another occasion it is recorded that ,wesley wanted to hear ,perronet preach4 ,the author of our hymn1 however1 seems to have been somewhat reluctant about preaching in the presence of the great reformer4 ,wesley1 nevertheless1 without consulting ,perronet1 announced in church that the young man would occupy the pulpit on the following morning4 ,perronet said nothing1 but on the morrow he mounted the pulpit and explained that he had not consented to preach4 ,however1 he added1 ,i shall deliver the best sermon that has ever been preached on earth1 whereupon he read the ,sermon on the ,mount from beginning to end1 adding not a word of comment6 ,all hail the power of ,jesus' ,name has been translated into almost every language where ,christianity is known1 and wherever it is sung it seems to grip human hearts4 ,one of the most remarkable stories of the power of this hymn is related by ,rev4 ,e4 ,p4 ,scott1 a missionary to ,india4 ,having learned of a distant savage tribe in the interior to whom the gospel had not yet been preached1 this missionary1 despite the warnings of his friends1 packed his baggage and1 taking his violin1 set out on his perilous venture4 ,after traveling several days1 he suddenly came upon a large party of the savages who surrounded him and pointed their spears at him4 ,believing death to be near1 the missionary nevertheless took out his violin and with a prayer to ,god began to sing ,all hail the power of ,jesus' ,name6 ,he closed his eyes as he sang1 expecting every moment to be pierced through with the threatening spears4 ,when he reached the stanza1 ,let every kindred1 every tribe1 he opened his eyes4 ,what was his surprise to see every spear lowered1 and many of the savages moved to tears6 ,he remained for two years and a half1 preaching the story of redemption and leading many of the natives to ,jesus4 ,when he was about to return to ,america on furlough1 they pleaded1 ,o missionary1 come back to us again6 ,he did so1 and finally passed away in the midst of these people who had learned to love the man who had brought them the gospel of ,christ4 ,it is interesting to know that1 while the people of both ,england and ,america prize this hymn very highly1 they sing it to different melodies4 ,the tune used in ,america is called ,coronation and was composed by a carpenter of ,charlestown1 ,mass41 by the name of ,oliver ,holden4 ,this man was very fond of music and spent his spare time in playing a little organ on which he composed his tunes4 ,the organ may still be seen in ,boston4 ,thus an ,english minister and an ,american carpenter have united in giving the world an immortal hymn4 ,perronet died ,january #b1 #agib4 ,his last words were3 ,glory to ,god in the height of ,his divinity6 ,glory to ,god in the depth of ,his humanity6 ,glory to ,god in ,his all-sufficiency6 ,into ,his hands ,i commend my spirit4 ,two other hymn-writers who1 like ,perronet1 were associated with the ,wesleyan movement may be mentioned in this connection4 ,they were ,john ,cennick and ,william ,williams4 ,like ,perronet1 too1 each was the author of one great hymn1 and through that hymn their names have been preserved to posterity4 ,cennick1 who was of ,bohemian ancestry1 first met ,john ,wesley in #agci4 ,of that meeting ,wesley has the following notation in his diary3 ,on ,friday1 ,march #agci1 ,i came to ,reading1 where ,i found a young man who had in some measure known the powers of the world to come4 ,i spent the evening with him and a few of his serious friends1 and it pleased ,god much to strengthen and comfort them4 ,for a while ,cennick assisted ,wesley as a lay preacher1 but in #agda he forsook the ,methodist movement on account of ,wesley's free grace doctrines and organized a society of his own along ,calvinistic lines4 ,later he joined himself to ,john ,whitefield as an evangelist1 but finally he went over to the ,moravians1 in which communion he labored abundantly until his death in #agee at the early age of thirty-seven years4 ,to ,cennick we are indebted for the majestic hymn on the theme of ,christ's second coming1 ,lo6 ,he comes1 with clouds descending4 ,james ,king1 in his ,anglican ,hymnology1 gives this hymn third place among the hymns of the ,anglican ,church1 it being excelled in his estimation only by ,bishop ,ken's ,all praise to ,thee1 my ,god1 this night and ,wesley's ,hark6 the herald angels sing4 ,cennick has also bequeathed to the ,church the lovely hymn1 ,children of the heavenly ,king4 ,though he wrote and published many more hymns1 they are mostly of an inferior order4 ,williams1 a ,welshman by birth1 has also left a hymn that has gone singing down through the centuries4 ,it is the rugged and stirring hymn that sets forth in such striking imagery the experiences of the ,israelites in the wilderness1 ,guide me1 ,o ,thou great ,jehovah4 ,williams1 who earned the title of the ,watts of ,wales1 wrote the hymn originally in ,welsh4 ,of him it has been said that ,he did for ,wales what ,wesley and ,watts did for ,england1 or what ,luther did for ,germany4 ,his first hymn-book1 ,hallelujah1 was published in #agdd1 when he was only twenty-seven years old4 ,the ,welsh hymnist originally intended to enter the medical profession1 but1 after passing through a spiritual crisis1 he was ordained as a deacon in the ,church of ,england4 ,because of his free methods of evangelism1 he was denied full ordination1 and later identified himself with the ,wesleyan revival4 ,like ,cennick and ,perronet1 however1 he soon forsook the ,wesleys1 and now we find him a ,calvinistic ,methodist1 having adopted ,wales as his parish4 ,he was a powerful preacher and an unusual singer1 and for forty-five years he carried on a blessed work until1 on ,january #aa1 #agia1 he passed through the swelling current and was landed safe on ,canaan's side4 ,in ,praise of the ,word of ,god ,father of ,mercies1 in ,thy ,word ,what endless glory shines6 ,forever be ,thy ,name adored ,for these celestial lines4 ,here the ,redeemer's welcome voice ,spreads heavenly peace around2 ,and life and everlasting joys ,attend the blissful sound4 ,o may these heavenly pages be ,my ever dear delight2 ,and still new beauties may ,i see1 ,and still increasing light4 ,divine ,instructor1 gracious ,lord1 ,be ,thou forever near2 ,teach me to love ,thy sacred ,word1 ,and view my ,saviour there4 ,anne ,steele1 #agfj4 ,,england',s ,,first ,,woman ,,hymnist ,while ,isaac ,watts was working on his immortal version of ,psalms of ,david1 a baby girl was born to a ,baptist minister at ,broughton1 fifteen miles away4 ,the baby was ,anne ,steele1 destined to become ,england's first woman hymn-writer4 ,this was in #agaf4 ,her father1 who was a merchant as well as a minister1 served the church at ,broughton for sixty years1 the greater part without pay4 ,the mother died when ,anne was only a babe of three years4 ,from childhood the future hymnist was delicate in health1 and in #agce she suffered a hip injury which made her practically an invalid for life4 ,the hardest blow1 however1 came in #agcg1 when her lover1 ,robert ,elscourt1 was drowned on the day before he and ,anne were to have been married4 ,the grief-stricken young woman with heroic faith nevertheless rose above her afflictions and found solace in sacred song4 ,it is believed that her first hymn1 a poem of beautiful resignation1 was written at this time3 ,father1 whate'er of earthly bliss ,thy sovereign will denies1 ,accepted at ,thy throne1 let this ,my humble prayer arise3 ,give me a calm and thankful heart1 ,from every murmur free2 ,the blessings of ,thy grace impart1 ,and make me live to ,thee4 ,let the sweet hope that ,thou art mine ,my life and death attend1 ,thy presence through my journey shine1 ,and crown my journey's end4 ,that the ,lord heard her prayer may be attested by the fact that she became the greatest hymn-writer the ,baptist ,church has produced4 ,throughout her life she remained unmarried1 living with her father and writing noble hymns4 ,in #agfj her first poems appeared in print under the pen name of ,theodosia4 ,her father at this time makes the following notation in his diary3 ,this day ,nanny sent part of her composition to ,london to be printed4 ,i entreat a gracious ,god1 who enabled and stirred her up to such a work1 to direct it and bless it for the good of many4 ,i pray ,god to make it useful1 and keep her humble4 ,the book proved immensely popular1 and the author devoted the profits from its sale to charity4 ,miss ,steele is the author of #add hymns and #cd paraphrases of the ,psalms4 ,that many of them breathe a spirit of melancholy sadness is not to be wondered at1 when we consider the circumstances under which they were written4 ,although they do not rise to great poetic heights1 their language is so artless and simple they seem to sing their way into the heart of the worshiper4 ,when ,trinity ,episcopal ,church of ,boston1 in #ahjh1 printed its own hymn-book of #aea hymns1 fifty-nine of them1 or more than one-third1 were selected from ,miss ,steele's compositions4 ,the fact that so many of them are still found in the hymnals of today is another testimony of their worth4 ,among the more famous hymns from her pen are3 ,father of ,mercies1 in ,thy ,word1 ,how helpless guilty nature lies1 ,dear ,refuge of my weary soul1 ,o ,thou whose tender mercy hears1 ,thou only ,sovereign of my heart1 and ,thou lovely source of true delight4 ,england's pioneer woman hymnist fell asleep in ,november1 #aghh1 her last words being1 ,i know that my ,redeemer liveth4 ,her epitaph reads3 ,silent the lyre1 and dumb the tuneful tongue1 ,that sung on earth her great ,redeemer's praise2 ,but now in heaven she joins the angelic song1 ,in more harmonious1 more exalted lays4 ,the decades during which ,miss ,steele lived and wrought were remarkable for the number of hymn-writers of her own communion who flourished in ,england4 ,in addition to ,miss ,steele1 the ,baptist ,church produced such hymnists as ,samuel ,medley1 ,samuel ,stennett and ,john ,fawcett4 ,benjamin ,beddome also was a prolific writer of this period1 but his hymns are not of a high order4 ,medley lived a dissipated life in the navy until he was severely wounded in battle in #agei4 ,the reading of a sermon led to his conversion1 and he later became pastor of a ,baptist congregation in ,liverpool4 ,his most famous hymns are ,o could ,i speak the matchless worth and ,awake1 my soul1 to joyful lays4 ,stennett in #ageg succeeded his father as pastor of a ,baptist church in ,london1 where he gained fame as a preacher4 ,his best hymns are ,majestic sweetness sits enthroned and ',tis finished1 so the ,saviour cried4 ,fawcett was minister of an humble ,baptist congregation in ,wainsgate when1 in #aggb1 he received a call to a large ,london church4 ,he preached his farewell sermon and had loaded his household goods on wagons1 when the tears of his parishioners constrained him to remain4 ,a few days later he wrote the tender lyric1 ,blest be the tie that binds4 ,among his other hymns are ,how precious is the ,book divine and ,lord1 dismiss us with ,thy blessing4 ,the ,name above ,all ,names ,how sweet the ,name of ,jesus sounds ,in a believer's ear6 ,it soothes his sorrows1 heals his wounds1 ,and drives away his fear4 ,it makes the wounded spirit whole1 ,and calms the troubled breast2 ',tis ,manna to the hungry soul1 ,and to the weary ,rest4 ,dear ,name6 the ,rock on which ,i build1 ,my ,shield and ,hiding-place2 ,my never-failing ,treasury1 filled ,with boundless stores of grace4 ,by ,thee my prayers acceptance gain1 ,although with sin defiled3 ,satan accuses me in vain1 ,and ,i am owned a child4 ,weak is the effort of my heart1 ,and cold my warmest thought2 ,but when ,i see ,thee as ,thou art1 ,i'll praise ,thee as ,i ought4 ,till then ,i would ,thy love proclaim ,with every fleeting breath2 ,and may the music of ,thy ,name ,refresh my soul in death4 ,john ,newton1 #aggi4 ,a ,,slave-,,trader ,,who ,,wrote ,,christian ,,lyrics ,in one of ,england's famous old churches there is a tablet marking the last resting-place of one of its rectors1 and on the tablet this epitaph3 ,john ,newton1 clerk1 once an ,infidel and ,libertine1 a servant of slavers in ,africa1 was1 by the rich ,mercy of our ,lord and ,saviour ,jesus ,christ1 preserved1 restored1 pardoned1 and appointed to preach the ,faith he had long labored to destroy4 ,this inscription1 written by ,newton himself before his death1 tells the strange story of the life of the man who wrote ,how sweet the ,name of ,jesus sounds1 and scores of other beautiful hymns4 ,newton was born in ,london1 ,july #bd1 #agbe4 ,his father was a sea captain4 ,his mother1 a deeply pious woman1 though frail in health1 found her greatest joy in teaching her boy ,scripture passages and hymns4 ,when he was only four years old he was able to read the ,catechism4 ,the faithful mother often expressed the hope to her son that he might become a minister4 ,however1 when the lad was only seven years of age1 the mother died1 and he was left to shift largely for himself4 ,on his #aath birthday he joined his father at sea1 and made five voyages to the ,mediterranean4 ,through the influence of evil companions and the reading of infidel literature1 he began to live a godless and abandoned life4 ,being pressed into the navy when a war seemed imminent1 young ,newton deserted4 ,he was captured1 however1 and flogged at the mast1 after which he was degraded4 ,at this point his life teems with reckless adventures and strange escapes4 ,falling into the hands of an unscrupulous slave-dealer in ,africa1 he himself was reduced practically to the abject condition of a slave4 ,in his misery he gave himself up to nameless sins4 ,the memory of his mother1 however1 and the religious truths which she had implanted in his soul as a child gave his conscience no peace4 ,the reading of ,the ,imitation of ,christ1 by ,thomas a ,kempis1 also exerted a profound influence over him1 and a terrifying experience in a storm at sea1 together with his deliverance from a malignant fever in ,africa1 served to bring the prodigal as a penitent to the throne of mercy4 ,after six years as the captain of a slaveship1 during which time ,newton passed through many severe struggles in trying to find peace with ,god through the observance of a strict moral life1 he met on his last voyage a pious captain who helped to bring him to a truer and deeper faith in ,christ4 ,for nine years at ,liverpool he was closely associated with ,whitefield and the ,wesleys1 studying the ,scriptures in ,hebrew and ,greek1 and occasionally preaching at religious gatherings of the dissenters4 ,in #agfd he was ordained as curate of ,olney1 where he formed the famous friendship with the poet ,william ,cowper that gave to the world so many beautiful hymns4 ,it was at ,newton's suggestion that the two undertook to write a hymn-book4 ,the famous collection known as ,the ,olney ,hymns1 was the result of this endeavor4 ,of the #cdi hymns in this book1 ,cowper is credited with sixty-six1 while ,newton wrote the remainder4 ,how sweet the ,name of ,jesus sounds appeared for the first time in this collection4 ,it is a hymn of surpassing tenderness1 and ranks among the finest in the ,english language4 ,other notable hymns1 by ,newton are3 ,come1 my soul1 thy suit prepare1 ,approach1 my soul1 the mercy-seat1 ,while with ceaseless course the sun1 ,one there is above all others1 ,for a season called to part1 ,safely through another week1 ,on what has now been sown1 ,may the grace of ,christ our ,saviour1 ,though troubles assail us1 and dangers affright1 ,day of judgment1 day of wonders1 and ,glorious things of thee are spoken4 ,newton's life came to a close in ,london in #ahjg1 after he had served for twenty-eight years as rector of ,st4 ,mary ,woolnoth4 ,among his converts were numbered ,claudius ,buchanan1 missionary to the ,east ,indies1 and ,thomas ,scott1 the ,bible commentator4 ,in #ahje1 when his eyesight began to fail and he could no longer read his text1 his friends advised him to cease preaching4 ,his answer was3 ,what6 shall the old ,african blasphemer stop while he can speak8 ,when he was nearly eighty years old it was necessary for a helper to stand in the pulpit to help him read his manuscript sermons4 ,one ,sunday ,newton had twice read the words1 ,jesus ,christ is precious4 ,you have already said that twice1 whispered his helper2 go on4 ,john1 said ,newton1 turning to his assistant in the pulpit1 ,i said that twice1 and ,i am going to say it again4 ,then the rafters rang as the old preacher shouted1 ,jesus ,christ is precious6 ,newton's whole life may be said to be summed up in the words of one of his appealing hymns3 ,amazing grace6 how sweet the sound ,that saved a wretch like me6 ,i once was lost1 but now am found-- ,was blind1 but now ,i see4 ,a ,hymn on ,god's ,providence ,god moves in a mysterious way1 ,his wonders to perform3 ,he plants ,his footsteps in the sea1 ,and rides upon the storm4 ,deep in unfathomable mines ,of never-failing skill1 ,he treasures up ,his bright designs1 ,and works ,his sovereign will4 ,ye fearful saints1 fresh courage take3 ,the clouds ye so much dread ,are big with mercy1 and shall break ,in blessings on your head4 ,judge not the ,lord by feeble sense1 ,but trust ,him for ,his grace2 ,behind a frowning ,providence ,he hides a smiling face4 ,his purposes will ripen fast1 ,unfolding every hour4 ,the bud may have a bitter taste1 ,but sweet will be the flower4 ,blind unbelief is sure to err1 ,and scan ,his works in vain4 ,god is ,his own interpreter1 ,and ,he will make it plain4 ,william ,cowper1 #aggd4 ,,an ,,afflicted ,,poet ,,who ,,glorified ,,god ,paul once wrote to the ,corinthians3 ,god chose the weak things of the world1 that he might put to shame the things that are strong4 ,in a very special sense this truth was exemplified in the life of the poet ,william ,cowper4 ,if ,god ever made use of a frail instrument through which to glorify ,himself1 ,he did it in this man4 ,feeble in health from childhood1 with a sensitive1 high-strung mind that ever was on the point of breaking1 he still worked and wrought in such a way that his sad and feverish life certainly was not lived in vain4 ,cowper was born at ,great ,berkhamstead1 ,england1 in #agca4 ,his father was an ,english clergyman4 ,his mother died when the child was only six years old4 ,even as a youth1 he was distressed by frequent mental attacks4 ,he once wrote pathetically3 ,the meshes of that fine network1 the brain1 are composed of such mere spinner's threads in me that when a long thought finds its way into them it buzzes1 and twangs1 and bustles about at such a rate as seems to threaten the whole contexture4 ,in the previous sketch we related how the famous friendship between the poet and ,john ,newton led to the joint publication of ,the ,olney ,hymns4 ,newton's idea in suggesting this project was not merely to perpetuate the remembrance of an intimate and endeared friendship1 as he states in the preface of the noted collection1 but also to occupy ,cowper's mind1 which already had given signs of approaching madness4 ,in #aggc1 two years after the two friends had begun ,the ,olney ,hymns1 ,cowper passed through a mental crisis that almost ended in tragedy4 ,obsessed with the idea that it was the divine will that he should offer up his life by drowning himself in the ,ouse river1 the afflicted poet ordered a post chaise1 and instructed the driver to proceed to a certain spot near ,olney1 where he planned to leap into the river4 ,when he reached the place1 ,cowper was diverted from his purpose when he found a man seated at the exact place where he had intended to end his life4 ,returning home1 he is said to have thrown himself on his knife1 but the blade broke4 ,his next attempt was to hang himself1 but the rope parted4 ,after his recovery from this dreadful experience1 he was so impressed by the realization of ,god's overruling providence that he was led to write the hymn1 ,god moves in a mysterious way4 ,it is regarded by many critics as the finest hymn ever written on the theme of ,god's providence4 ,james ,t4 ,fields declares that to be the author of such a hymn is an achievement that angels themselves might envy4 ,that ,god had a purpose in sparing the life of the sorely tried man is made clear when we learn that ,cowper lived for twenty-seven years after passing through this crisis4 ,although he continued to experience some distressing periods1 it was during these years that he wrote some of his most beautiful hymns4 ,among these are ,o for a closer walk with ,god1 ,sometimes a light surprises1 ,jesus1 where'er ,thy people meet1 ,in holy contemplation1 and ,there is a fountain filled with blood4 ,the latter hymn has often been criticized because of its strong figurative language4 ,the expression1 a fountain filled with blood1 has proved so offensive to modern taste that many hymn-books have omitted this touching hymn4 ,dr4 ,ray ,palmer1 writer of ,my faith looks up to ,thee1 opposed these views vigorously4 ,he once wrote3 ,such criticism seems to us superficial4 ,it takes the words as if they were intended to be a literal prosaic statement4 ,it forgets that what they express is not only poetry1 but the poetry of intense and impassioned feeling1 which naturally embodies itself in the boldest metaphors4 ,the inner sense of the soul1 when its deepest affections are moved1 infallibly takes these metaphors in their true significance1 while a cold critic of the letter misses that significance entirely4 ,he merely demonstrates his own lack of the spiritual sympathies of which1 for fervent ,christian hearts1 the hymn referred to is an admirable expression4 ,certainly it is a hymn that has spread blessings in its path1 and countless are the stories of how it has broken down the resistance of hardened human hearts4 ,one of these tells how a ,belfast minister once visited a mill where two hundred girls were employed1 many of them from his own congregation4 ,one girl1 when she saw her pastor entering1 began to sing ,there is a fountain filled with blood4 ,other girls took up the lines1 and soon the glorious song was ringing above the noise of all the looms4 ,the manager1 who was an unbeliever1 was so moved that he seized his hat and ran from the building4 ,later he confessed to the minister1 ,i never was so hard put to it in all my life4 ,it nearly broke me down4 ,cowper also wrote a number of secular poems that achieved great fame4 ,the ,task1 has been called one of the wisest books ever written1 and one of the most charming4 ,another poem1 ,john ,gilpin1 is a very happy and mirthful narrative4 ,although ,cowper's mother died in his early childhood1 he never forgot her4 ,when he was fifty-six years old1 a cousin sent him a miniature of his mother4 ,in acknowledging the gift1 he wrote3 ,i had rather possess my mother's picture than the richest jewel in the ,british crown2 for ,i loved her with an affection that her death1 fifty years since1 has not in the least abated4 ,cowper died in #ahjj4 ,three years before his death1 he lost his lifelong comforter and friend1 ,mrs4 ,morley ,unwin1 who had cared for him with the solicitude of a mother4 ,the sorrow was almost too great for his feeble nature1 and he again sank into deepest gloom4 ,at times he thought ,god had forsaken him4 ,only at intervals was he able to resume his literary work4 ,his last poem was ,the ,castaway1 written ,march #bj1 #agii4 ,through all his spiritual and mental depression1 however1 he was ever submissive to the will of ,god4 ,but the time of release for this chastened child of ,god was at hand4 ,bishop ,moule tells the story of his departure thus3 ,about half an hour before his death1 his face1 which had been wearing a sad and hopeless expression1 suddenly lighted up with a look of wonder and inexpressible delight4 ,it was as if he saw his ,saviour1 and as if he realized the blessed fact1 ',i am not shut out of ,heaven after all6' ,this look of holy surprise and of joyful adoration remained until he had passed away1 and even as he lay in his coffin the expression was still there4 ,one who saw him after death wrote that 'with the composure and calmness of the face1 there mingled also a holy surprise4' ,mrs4 ,browning1 in her poem entitled ,cowper's ,grave1 concludes with these lines3 ,o poets1 from a maniac's tongue was poured the deathless singing6 ,o ,christians1 at your cross of hope a hopeless hand was clinging6 ,o men1 this man in brotherhood your weary paths beguiling1 ,groaned inly while he taught you peace1 and died while you were smiling4 ,it is a noble tribute to the deathless work of an afflicted man1 and reminds us that ,cowper is still singing his wondrous theme of redeeming love1 although his poor lisping1 stammering tongue ,lies silent in the grave4 ,a ,hymn of ,gracious ,invitation ,come ye disconsolate1 where'er ye languish2 ,come to the mercy-seat1 fervently kneel3 ,here bring your wounded hearts1 here tell your anguish2 ,earth has no sorrow that ,heaven cannot heal4 ,joy of the desolate1 light of the straying1 ,hope of the penitent1 fadeless and pure6 ,here speaks the ,comforter1 tenderly saying1 ,earth has no sorrow that ,heaven cannot cure4 ,here see the ,bread of ,life2 see waters flowing ,forth from the throne of ,god1 pure from above1 ,come to the feast of love2 come1 ever knowing ,earth has no sorrow but ,heaven can remove4 ,thomas ,moore 7#aagi-aheb74 ,,an ,,irish ,,poet ,,and ,,his ,,hymns ,there are probably few ,protestants who1 when they have sung ,come1 ye disconsolate1 where'er ye languish1 have been conscious of the fact that it was written by a ,roman ,catholic4 ,there is indeed no place where the communion of saints becomes so apparent as in the hymn-books of ,christendom4 ,the authors of our great hymns have come from practically every ,christian communion1 proving that in every church group there are souls who are living in the grace that is in ,christ ,jesus4 ,thomas ,moore1 the author of the hymn mentioned above1 is probably better known for his ballads and other poems than for his hymns4 ,lovers of ,english lyric poetry will always remember him as the writer of ,the last rose of summer1 ,believe me1 if all those endearing young charms1 ,the harp that once through ,tara's halls1 ,oft in the stilly night1 and a number of other ballads that have lived through the years and have made the name of ,thomas ,moore famous4 ,moore1 who was born in ,dublin1 ,ireland1 ,may #bh1 #aggi1 was a man of curious make-up4 ,true to his ,celtic nature1 he possessed a fiery temper that often brought him into embarrassing situations4 ,jeffrey1 the famous critic1 once aroused ,moore's ire by saying unkind things about his poetry4 ,moore resented this and promptly challenged ,jeffrey to a duel4 ,the authorities interfered before any blood was shed4 ,it was then discovered that one of the pistols contained no bullet1 whereupon the two men became fast friends4 ,moore was one of the few men who ever made a financial success of the business of writing poetry4 ,for ,lalla ,rookh he received #ae1jjj before a single copy had been sold4 ,moore's hymns1 thirty-two in number1 first appeared in his volume of ,sacred ,songs1 published in #ahaf4 ,most of these hymns were written to popular airs of various nations4 ,they have attained greater popularity in ,america than in ,great ,britain4 ,one of the most famous of his hymns is ,sound the loud timbrel o'er ,egypt's dark sea4 ,like most men of poetic bent1 ,moore was a poor financier and business man4 ,at one time he accepted a government position in the revenue service at ,bermuda4 ,he did not enjoy his tasks1 and so he placed his duties in the hands of a deputy1 while he went on a tour of ,america4 ,the deputy1 however1 absconded with the proceeds of a ship's cargo1 whereupon ,moore found himself liable for the loss of #cj1jjj4 ,come1 ye disconsolate was so changed by ,thomas ,hastings1 the great ,american hymnist1 that it almost became a new hymn4 ,the second line of the first stanza1 as ,moore originally wrote it1 was3 ,come1 at the shrine of ,god fervently kneel4 ,the second line of the second stanza was also changed by ,dr4 ,hastings1 the original version by ,moore being3 ,hope1 when all others die1 fadeless and pure4 ,the third line of the second stanza was greatly improved by the ,american critic4 ,moore's line read3 ,here speaks the ,comforter1 in ,god's name saying4 ,but the greatest change was made in the third stanza4 ,this was practically rewritten by ,dr4 ,hastings4 ,moore's third stanza departs very radically and abruptly from true hymn style4 ,it originally read3 ,come1 ask the infidel what boon he brings us1 ,what charm for aching hearts he can reveal1 ,sweet is that heavenly promise ,hope sings us-- ,earth has no sorrow that ,god cannot heal4 ,the last three years of ,moore's life were very unhappy4 ,a nervous affliction rendered him practically helpless4 ,his death occurred on ,february #bf1 #aheb1 at the age of seventy-three years4 ,a ,beautiful ,lyric on ,prayer ,prayer is the soul's sincere desire1 ,uttered or unexpressed2 ,the motion of a hidden fire ,that trembles in the breast4 ,prayer is the simplest form of speech ,that infant lips can try2 ,prayer the sublimest strains that reach ,the majesty on high4 ,prayer is the contrite sinner's voice1 ,returning from his ways2 ,while angels in their songs rejoice ,and cry1 ,behold1 he prays6 ,prayer is the ,christian's vital breath1 ,the ,christian's native air2 ,his watchword at the gates of death2 ,he enters heaven with prayer4 ,o ,thou1 by whom we come to ,god1 ,the ,life1 the ,truth1 the ,way1 ,the paths of prayer ,thyself hast trod3 ,lord1 teach us how to pray6 ,james ,montgomery1 #ahah ,,the ,,hymn ,,legacy ,,of ,,an ,,english ,,editor ,shortly before ,james ,montgomery died1 a friend asked him1 ,which of your poems will live8 ,he answered1 ,none1 sir2 nothing1 except perhaps a few of my hymns4 ,montgomery was right4 ,although he wrote a number of pretentious poems1 they have been forgotten4 ,but his hymns live on4 ,a perusal of almost any evangelical hymn-book will probably reveal more hymns by this gifted and consecrated man than by any other author1 excepting only ,isaac ,watts and ,charles ,wesley4 ,what a rich legacy was bequeathed to the ,christian ,church by the man who wrote ,hail to the ,lord's ,anointed1 ,prayer is the soul's sincere desire1 ,angels1 from the realms of glory1 ,in the hour of trial1 ,who are these in bright array8 ,according to ,thy gracious ,word1 ,come to ,calvary's holy mountain1 ,forever with the ,lord1 ,the ,lord is my shepherd1 no want shall ,i know1 ,jerusalem1 my happy home1 and ,go to dark ,gethsemane6 ,montgomery wrote about four hundred hymns in all1 and nearly one-fourth of these are still in common use4 ,montgomery began writing hymns as a little boy4 ,he was born at ,irvine1 ,ayrshire1 ,scotland1 ,november #d1 #agga4 ,his father was a ,moravian minister1 and it had been determined that the son ,james should also be trained for the same calling4 ,accordingly he was sent to the ,moravian seminary at ,fulneck1 ,yorkshire1 ,england4 ,the parents1 however1 were sent to the ,west ,indies as missionaries1 and their death there made it necessary for ,james to discontinue his schooling4 ,for a while he worked as a clerk in a store1 but this was entirely distasteful to one who possessed the literary gifts of ,montgomery4 ,at the age of nineteen we find him in ,london with a few of his poems in manuscript form1 trying to find a publisher who would print them4 ,in this he was unsuccessful1 and two years later we follow him to ,sheffield1 where he became associated with ,robert ,gales1 editor of the ,sheffield ,register4 ,gales was a radical1 and1 because he displeased the authorities by some of his articles1 he found it convenient in #agid to leave ,england for ,america4 ,montgomery1 then only twenty-three years old1 took over the publication of the paper and changed its name to the ,sheffield ,iris4 ,montgomery1 however1 proved as indiscreet as ,gales had been1 and during the first two years of his editorship he was twice imprisoned by the government1 the first time for publishing a poem in commemoration of ,the ,fall of ,bastille1 and the second time for his account of a riot at ,sheffield4 ,in #agig he published a volume of poems called ,prison ,amusements1 so named from the fact that some of them had been written during his imprisonment4 ,in later years the ,british government granted him a pension of #a1jjj per year in recognition of his achievements and perhaps by way of making amends for the indignity offered him by his two imprisonments4 ,in ,montgomery's hymns we may hear for the first time the missionary note in ,english hymnody1 reflecting the newly-awakened zeal for the evangelization of the world which had gripped the ,english people4 ,the ,baptist ,missionary ,society had been organized in #agib2 ,carey had gone to ,india as its great apostle2 and in #agii the ,english ,church ,missionary ,society had been formed4 ,in the fervor aroused for foreign missions in ,england we may discern a continuation of the impulses which went forth from the ,pietistic movement at ,halle1 ,germany1 nearly a century earlier1 when ,bartholomew ,ziegenbalg and ,henry ,pluetschau were sent from that cradle of the modern missionary movement as the first missionaries to ,india4 ,we may also see something of the influences emanating from the great ,moravian missionary center at ,herrnhut4 ,john ,wesley visited both these places before he began his great revival in ,england1 and became deeply imbued with zeal for missions4 ,moravian contact with ,england had resulted in the formation of many ,moravian societies1 and it was one of these that had sent ,montgomery's parents as missionaries to the ,west ,indies4 ,it was not without reason1 therefore1 that ,montgomery became the first ,english hymnist to sound the missionary trumpet4 ,he could never forget that his parents had given their lives in bringing the gospel to the wretched blacks of the ,west ,indies4 ,his father's grave was at ,barbadoes and his mother was sleeping on the island of ,tobago4 ,and for the same reason1 ,montgomery was a bitter opponent of slavery4 ,the first missionary note is heard in ,montgomery's great ,advent hymn1 ,hail to the ,lord's ,anointed1 written in #ahba4 ,one of the stanzas not usually found in hymn-books reads3 ,kings shall fall down before ,him1 ,and gold and incense bring2 ,all nations shall adore ,him1 ,his praise all people sing2 ,for ,he shall have dominion ,o'er river1 sea1 and shore1 ,far as the eagle's pinion ,or dove's light wing can soar4 ,two other missionary hymns are ,lift up your heads1 ye gates of brass and ,hark6 the song of jubilee4 ,the latter sweeps along in triumphant measures3 ,he shall reign from pole to pole1 ,with illimitable sway2 ,he shall reign1 when like a scroll ,yonder heavens have passed away2 ,then the end3 beneath ,his rod ,man's last enemy shall fall3 ,hallelujah6 ,christ in ,god1 ,god in ,christ1 is all in all6 ,although ,jerusalem1 my happy home6 ranks highest among the hymns of ,montgomery1 judged by the standard of popular favor1 his hymn on prayer and ,forever with the ,lord have aroused the most enthusiasm on the part of literary critics4 ,julian says of the latter that it is full of lyric fire and deep feeling1 and ,dr4 ,theodore ,cuyler declares that it contains four lines that are as fine as anything in hymnody4 ,this beautiful verse reads3 ,here1 in the body pent1 ,absent from ,thee ,i roam1 ,yet nightly pitch my moving tent ,a day's march nearer home4 ,montgomery's last words were words of prayer4 ,after his usual evening devotion on ,april #cj1 #ahed1 he went to sleep1 a sleep from which he never woke on earth4 ,and so was fulfilled in his own experience the beautiful thought contained in his glorious hymn on prayer3 ,prayer is the ,christian's vital breath1 ,the ,christian's native air1 ,his watchword at the gates of death-- ,he enters heaven with prayer4 ,a ,sublime ,hymn of ,adoration ,holy1 ,holy1 ,holy1 ,lord ,god ,almighty6 ,early in the morning our song shall rise to ,thee3 ,holy1 ,holy1 ,holy6 merciful and mighty2 ,god in three ,persons1 blessed ,trinity6 ,holy1 ,holy1 ,holy6 all the saints adore ,thee1 ,casting down their golden crowns upon the glassy sea2 ,cherubim and ,seraphim falling down before ,thee1 ,which wert1 and art1 and evermore shalt be4 ,holy1 ,holy1 ,holy6 though the darkness hide ,thee1 ,though the eyes of sinful man ,thy glory may not see1 ,only ,thou art holy3 there is none beside ,thee1 ,perfect in power1 in love1 in purity4 ,holy1 ,holy1 ,holy1 ,lord ,god ,almighty6 ,all ,thy works shall praise ,thy ,name1 in earth1 and sky1 and sea3 ,holy1 ,holy1 ,holy6 merciful and mighty2 ,god in three ,persons1 blessed ,trinity6 ,reginald ,heber1 #ahbf4 ,,heber1 ,,missionary ,,bishop ,,and ,,hymnist ,in the glorious hymns of ,reginald ,heber1 missionary bishop to ,india1 we find not only the noblest expression of the missionary fervor which in his day was stirring the ,church1 but also the purest poetry in ,english hymnody4 ,christians of all ages will gratefully remember the name of the man who wrote the most stirring of all missionary hymns1 ,from ,greenland's icy mountains1 as well as that sublime hymn of adoration1 ,holy1 holy1 holy1 ,lord ,god ,almighty6 ,the latter was regarded by ,alfred ,tennyson as the world's greatest hymn4 ,born ,april #ba1 #aghc1 at ,malpas1 ,cheshire1 ,england1 ,heber was educated at ,oxford1 where he formed the friendship of ,sir ,walter ,scott4 ,his gift for writing poetry revealed itself in this period of his life1 when he won a prize for a remarkable poem on ,palestine4 ,it is said that ,heber1 who was only seventeen years old at the time1 read the poem to ,scott at the breakfast table1 and that the latter suggested one of the most striking lines4 ,following the award of the prize1 for which young ,heber had been earnestly striving1 his parents found him on his knees in grateful prayer4 ,for sixteen years ,heber served in the obscure parish of ,hodnet as a minister of the ,church of ,england4 ,it was during this period that all of his hymns were written4 ,he was also engaged in other literary activities that brought him some fame4 ,all this while1 however1 he nourished a secret longing to go to ,india4 ,it is said that he would work out imaginary journeys on the map1 while he hoped that some day he might become bishop of ,calcutta4 ,his missionary fervor at this time is also reflected in the famous hymn1 ,from ,greenland's icy mountains1 written in #ahai4 ,the allusions to ,india's coral strand and ,ceylon's isle are an indication of the longings that were running through his mind4 ,his earnest prayer was answered in #ahbb1 when at the age of forty years he was called to the episcopate as bishop of ,calcutta4 ,after three years of arduous work in ,india1 the life of the gifted bishop was cut short4 ,during this period he ordained the first native pastor of the ,episcopal ,church--,christian ,david4 ,a man of rare refinement and noble ,christian personality1 ,heber was greatly beloved by all who knew him4 ,one of the best of ,english gentlemen1 was the tribute accorded him by ,thackeray4 ,it was not until after his death1 however1 that he leaped into fame through his hymns4 ,the story of how ,from ,greenland's icy mountains was written reveals something of the poetic genius of ,heber4 ,it seems that he was visiting with his father-in-law1 ,dr4 ,shipley1 vicar and dean of ,wrexham1 on the ,saturday before ,whitsunday1 #ahai4 ,the dean1 who was planning to preach a missionary sermon the following morning1 asked young ,heber to write a missionary hymn that could be sung at the service4 ,the latter immediately withdrew from the circle of friends to another part of the room4 ,after a while the dean asked1 ,what have you written8 ,heber replied by reading the first three stanzas of the hymn4 ,the dean expressed satisfaction1 but the poet replied1 ,no1 no1 the sense is not complete4 ,and so he added the fourth verse--,waft1 waft1 ye winds1 ,his story--and the greatest missionary hymn of the ages had been born4 ,the story of the tune to which the hymn is sung is equally interesting4 ,a ,christian woman in ,savannah1 ,georgia1 had come into possession of a copy of ,heber's words4 ,the meter was unusual1 and she was unable to find music to fit the words4 ,learning of a young bank clerk who was said to be gifted as a composer1 she sent the poem to him4 ,within a half hour it was returned to her with the beautiful tune1 ,missionary ,hymn1 to which it is now universally sung4 ,the young bank clerk was none other than ,lowell ,mason1 who afterwards achieved fame as one of ,america's greatest hymn-tune composers4 ,the marvel is that both words and music were written almost in a moment--by real inspiration1 it would seem4 ,bishop ,heber's hymns are characterized chiefly by their lyrical quality4 ,they are unusually rich in imagery4 ,this may be seen particularly in his beautiful ,epiphany hymn1 ,brightest and best of the sons of the morning4 ,in some respects the hymns of ,heber resemble the later lyrics of ,henry ,francis ,lyte1 writer of ,abide with me1 fast falls the eventide4 ,they ring1 however1 with a much more joyous note than the hymns of ,lyte1 in which are always heard strains of sadness4 ,we have already referred to ,tennyson's estimate of ,heber's hymn to the ,holy ,trinity4 ,it should be observed that this great hymn is one of pure adoration4 ,there is nothing of the element of confession1 petition or thanksgiving in it1 but only worship4 ,its exalted language is ,scriptural throughout1 indeed it is the ,word of the ,most ,high4 ,it is doubtful if there is a nobler hymn of its kind in all the realm of hymnody4 ,the tune to which it is always sung1 ,nicaea1 was written by the great ,english composer1 ,rev4 ,john ,b4 ,dykes1 and is comparable to the hymn itself in majesty4 ,other fine hymns by ,heber include ,the ,son of ,god goes forth to war1 ,god that madest earth and heaven1 ,o ,thou1 whose infant feet were found1 ,when through the torn sail1 ,bread of the world in mercy broken1 and ,by cool ,siloam's shady rill4 ,altogether ,heber wrote fifty-seven hymns1 all of which were published in a single collection after his death4 ,it is said that every one of them is still in use1 a rare tribute to the genius of this consecrated writer4 ,heber's life was closely paralleled in many respects by another great hymn-writer who lived in the same period4 ,his name was ,sir ,robert ,grant4 ,he was born two years later than the gifted missionary bishop and1 like ,heber1 died in ,india4 ,although he did not enter the service of the ,church but engaged in secular pursuits1 he was a deeply spiritual man and his hymns bear testimony of an earnest1 confiding faith in ,christ4 ,between his hymns and those of ,heber there is a striking similarity4 ,the language is chaste and exalted4 ,the rhythm is faultless4 ,the lines are chiseled as perfectly as a cameo4 ,the imagery is almost startling in its grandeur4 ,take1 for example1 a stanza from his magnificent hymn1 ,o worship the ,king3 ,o tell of ,his might1 and sing of ,his grace1 ,whose robe is the light1 whose canopy space2 ,his chariots of wrath the deep thunder-clouds form1 ,and dark is ,his path on the wings of the storm4 ,there is something beautifully tender in that other hymn of ,grant's in which he reveals childlike trust in ,christ3 ,when gathering clouds around ,i view1 ,and days are dark1 and friends are few1 ,on ,him ,i lean1 who1 not in vain1 ,experienced every human pain2 ,he sees my wants1 allays my fears1 ,and counts and treasures up my tears4 ,nor would we forget his other famous hymn1 ,saviour1 when in dust to ,thee1 based on the ,litany4 ,when we learn that the man who wrote these hymns was never engaged in religious pursuits1 but that his whole life was crowded with arduous tasks and great responsibilities in filling high government positions1 we have reason to marvel4 ,sir ,robert ,grant was born in the county of ,inverness1 ,scotland1 in #aghe4 ,his father was a member of ,parliament and a director of the ,east ,india ,company4 ,the son also was trained for political life1 and1 after graduating from ,cambridge ,university in #ahjf1 he began the practice of law4 ,in #ahbf he was elected to ,parliament1 five years later became privy counselor1 and in #ahcd he was named governor of ,bombay4 ,he died at ,dapoorie1 in western ,india1 in #ahch4 ,while a member of ,parliament1 ,sir ,robert introduced a bill to remove the restrictions imposed upon the ,jews4 ,the historian ,macaulay made his maiden speech in ,parliament in support of this measure4 ,brief mention should also be made here of another of ,bishop ,heber's contemporaries who gained undying fame by a great hymn4 ,he was ,john ,marriott1 a minister of the ,church of ,england1 whose missionary hymn1 ,thou1 whose almighty word1 is ranked among the finest in the ,english language4 ,marriott was born in #aghj1 three years before ,heber's birth1 and he died in #ahbe1 a year before the death of the famous missionary bishop4 ,a ,hymn ,that ,wins ,souls ,just as ,i am1 without one plea ,but that ,thy blood was shed for me1 ,and that ,thou bidd'st me come to ,thee1 ,o ,lamb of ,god1 ,i come1 ,i come6 ,just as ,i am1 and waiting not ,to rid my soul of one dark blot1 ,to ,thee whose blood can cleanse each spot1 ,o ,lamb of ,god1 ,i come1 ,i come6 ,just as ,i am1 though tossed about ,with many a conflict1 many a doubt1 ,fightings and fears1 within1 without1 ,o ,lamb of ,god1 ,i come1 ,i come6 ,just as ,i am1 poor1 wretched1 blind2 ,sight1 riches1 healing of the mind1 ,yea1 all ,i need1 in ,thee ,i find1 ,o ,lamb of ,god1 ,i come1 ,i come6 ,just as ,i am1 ,thou wilt receive1 ,wilt welcome1 pardon1 cleanse1 relieve1 ,because ,thy promise ,i believe1 ,o ,lamb of ,god1 ,i come1 ,i come6 ,just as ,i am2 ,thy love unknown ,hath broken every barrier down2 ,now to be ,thine1 yea1 ,thine alone1 ,o ,lamb of ,god1 ,i come1 ,i come6 ,charlotte ,elliott1 #ahcf4 ,,an ,,invalid ,,who ,,blessed ,,the ,,world ,just as ,i am will doubtlessly be sung to the end of time1 and as often as ,christians sing it they will praise ,god and bless the memory of the woman who wrote it--,charlotte ,elliott4 ,this hymn will have a greater value1 too1 when we know something of the pain and effort that it cost the writer to produce it4 ,miss ,elliott was one of those afflicted souls who scarcely know what surcease from suffering is4 ,though she lived to be eighty-two years old1 she was never well1 and often endured seasons of great physical distress4 ,she could well understand the sacrifice made by one who ,strikes the strings ,with fingers that ache and bleed4 ,of her own afflictions she once wrote3 ,he knows1 and ,he alone1 what it is1 day after day1 hour after hour1 to fight against bodily feelings of almost overpowering weakness1 languor and exhaustion1 to resolve not to yield to slothfulness1 depression and instability1 such as the body causes me to long to indulge1 but to rise every morning determined to take for my motto3 ',if a man will come after ,me1 let him deny himself1 take up his cross daily1 and follow ,me4' ,but ,god seemed to have had a purpose in placing a heavy cross upon her4 ,her very afflictions made her think of other sufferers like herself and made her the better fitted for the work that ,he had prepared for her--the ministry of comfort and consolation4 ,how beautifully she resigned herself to the will of ,god may be seen in her words3 ,god sees1 ,god guides1 ,god guards me4 ,his grace surrounds me1 and ,his voice continually bids me to be happy and holy in ,his service1 just where ,i am4 ,just as ,i am was written in #ahcf1 and appeared for the first time in the second edition of ,the ,invalid's ,hymn ,book1 which was published that year and to which ,miss ,elliott had contributed #aae pieces4 ,the great ,american evangelist1 ,dwight ,l4 ,moody1 once said that this hymn had probably touched more hearts and brought more souls to ,christ than any other ever written4 ,miss ,elliott's own brother1 who was a minister in the ,church of ,england1 himself wrote3 ,in the course of a long ministry1 ,i hope to have been permitted to see some fruit of my labors2 but ,i feel far more has been done by a single hymn of my sister's4 ,it is said that after the death of ,miss ,elliott1 more than a thousand letters were found among her papers1 in which the writers expressed their gratitude to her for the help the hymn had brought them4 ,the secret power of this marvelous hymn must be found in its true evangelical spirit4 ,it sets forth in very simple but gripping words the all-important truth that we are not saved through any merit or worthiness in ourselves1 but by the sovereign grace of ,god through faith in ,jesus ,christ4 ,it also pictures the utter helplessness and wretchedness of the human soul1 and its inability to rise above its own sins2 but very lovingly it invites the soul to come to ,him whose blood can cleanse each spot4 ,the hymn was born out of the author's personal spiritual experiences4 ,though a daughter of the ,church1 brought up in a pious home1 it seems that ,miss ,elliott had never found true peace with ,god4 ,like so many other seeking souls in all ages1 she felt that men must do something themselves to win salvation1 instead of coming to ,christ as helpless sinners and finding complete redemption in ,him4 ,when ,dr4 ,caesar ,malan1 the noted ,swiss preacher of ,geneva1 came to visit the ,elliott home in ,brighton1 ,england1 in #ahbb1 he soon discovered the cause of her spiritual perplexity1 and became a real evangelical guide and counsellor4 ,you have nothing of merit to bring to ,god1 he told her4 ,you must come just as you are1 a sinner1 to the ,lamb of ,god that taketh away the sin of the world4 ,throughout the remainder of her life1 ,miss ,elliott celebrated every year the day on which her friend had led her to ,christ1 for she considered it to be her spiritual birthday4 ,although it was fourteen years later that she wrote her immortal hymn1 it is apparent that she never forgot the words of ,dr4 ,malan1 for they form the very core and essence of it4 ,the inspiration for the hymn came one day when the frail invalid had been left alone at the home of her brother4 ,she was lying on a couch and pondering on the words spoken by ,dr4 ,malan many years before1 when suddenly the whole glorious truth of salvation as the free gift of ,god flashed upon her soul4 ,then came the heavenly gift4 ,rising from her couch1 she wrote3 ,just as ,i am1 without one plea1 ,but that ,thy blood was shed for me1 ,and that ,thou bidd'st me come to ,thee1 ,o ,lamb of ,god1 ,i come1 ,i come6 ,miss ,elliott was the author of some #aej hymns4 ,perhaps her finest1 aside from her great masterpiece1 is ,my ,god1 my ,father1 while ,i stray4 ,by common consent1 ,miss ,elliott is given first place among ,english women hymn-writers4 ,the ,sun ,that ,ne'er ,goes ,down ,sun of my soul1 ,thou ,saviour dear1 ,it is not night if ,thou be near2 ,o may no earthborn cloud arise ,to hide ,thee from ,thy servant's eyes4 ,when the soft dews of kindly sleep ,my wearied eyelids gently steep1 ,be my last thought1 how sweet to rest ,forever on my ,saviour's breast4 ,abide with me from morn till eve1 ,for without ,thee ,i cannot live2 ,abide with me when night is nigh1 ,for without ,thee ,i dare not die4 ,if some poor wandering child of ,thine ,have spurned today the voice divine1 ,now1 ,lord1 the gracious work begin2 ,let him no more lie down in sin4 ,watch by the sick2 enrich the poor ,with blessings from ,thy boundless store2 ,be every mourner's sleep tonight1 ,like infant's slumber1 pure and light4 ,come near and bless us when we wake1 ,ere through the world our way we take2 ,till in the ocean of ,thy love ,we lose ourselves in heaven above4 ,john ,keble1 #ahbg4 ,,how ,,hymns ,,helped ,,build ,a ,,church ,many of the classic hymns of the ,christian ,church have been derived from devotional poems that were never intended as hymns by their writers4 ,this is true of the beautiful morning hymn1 ,new every morning is the love1 and the equally beautiful evening hymn1 ,sun of my soul1 ,thou ,saviour dear4 ,both of these gems in the treasury of hymnody have been taken from one of the most famous devotional books ever written--,john ,keble's ,the ,christian ,year4 ,keble was born at ,fairford1 ,england1 ,april #be1 #agib1 the son of a country vicar4 ,the only elementary training he received was at the hands of his gifted father1 but at the age of fifteen years he was ready to enter ,oxford ,university4 ,here he distinguished himself as a brilliant scholar1 and at the age of twenty-three he was ordained as a clergyman of the ,church of ,england4 ,he remained as a tutor at ,oxford for a number of years1 but when his mother died he returned to ,fairford to assist his father4 ,although he received a number of tempting offers at this time1 he preferred to labor in this obscure parish1 where he might be of help and comfort to his father and his two sisters4 ,it was not until #ahce1 when his father died and the home was broken up1 that ,keble accepted the vicarage of ,hursley1 another humble and scattered parish1 with a population of #a1ejj people4 ,he married in the same year1 and here he and his devoted wife labored until #ahff1 when they passed away within six weeks of each other4 ,it was in #ahbg1 when ,keble was only twenty-seven1 that he yielded to the strong entreaties of his father and many of his friends and consented to publish the volume of poems known as ,the ,christian ,year4 ,the verses follow the church calendar1 and it was the author's desire that the book should be a devotional companion to the ,book of ,common ,prayer4 ,for this reason it has been called ,the ,prayer ,book in ,poetry4 ,keble was so modest concerning his work that he refused to permit the volume to bear his name1 and so it was given to the world anonymously4 ,the work was a marvelous success4 ,from #ahbg to #ahfg1 a year after the author's death1 the book had passed through one hundred and nine editions4 ,keble used a large part of the proceeds derived from the sales of his book in helping to rebuild the church at ,hursley4 ,he also was instrumental in having churches built at ,otterbourne and ,ampfield1 hamlets that belonged to his parish4 ,religious leaders1 as well as literary critics1 have been unanimous in rendering tribute to this remarkable volume4 ,dr4 ,arnold1 the great schoolmaster of ,rugby1 speaking of ,keble's poems1 says3 ,nothing equal to them exists in our language4 ,the knowledge of ,scripture1 the purity of heart1 and the richness of poetry1 ,i never saw equaled4 ,it is a book1 says ,canon ,barry1 which leads the soul up to ,god1 not through one1 but through all of the various faculties which ,he has implanted in it4 ,and ,dr4 ,pusey adds3 ,it taught1 because his own soul was moved so deeply2 the stream burst forth1 because the heart that poured it out was full2 it was fresh1 deep1 tender1 loving1 because he himself was such2 he was true1 and thought aloud1 and conscience everywhere responded to the voice of conscience4 ,the publication of ,the ,christian ,year brought ,keble such fame that1 in #ahca1 he was elected professor of poetry at ,oxford4 ,he did not remove thither1 but in #ahcc he preached at ,oxford his famous sermon on ,national ,apostasy which is credited with having started the so-called ,oxford ,movement4 ,this movement had its inception in the earnest desire on the part of many prominent leaders of the ,church of ,england1 including ,john ,newman1 to bring about a spiritual awakening in the ,church4 ,they looked askance at the evangelistic methods of the ,wesleyan leaders and turned to the other extreme of high church ritualism4 ,all ,england was profoundly stirred by a series of ,tracts for the ,times1 written by ,newman and his friends1 among them ,keble4 ,a disastrous result of the movement was the desertion of ,newman and a large number of others to the ,church of ,rome2 but ,keble shrank from this final step and remained a high church ,episcopalian4 ,although a great part of his later life was occupied with religious controversy1 we would like to remember ,keble as a consecrated ,christian poet and an humble parish pastor4 ,for more than thirty years he labored faithfully among his people1 visiting from house to house4 ,if it was impossible for a candidate to attend confirmation instruction during the day1 ,keble would go to his house at night1 armed with cloak and lantern4 ,he gave each candidate a ,bible1 in which he had marked the passages that were to be learned4 ,these ,bibles were highly prized1 and some of them are to be found in ,hursley to this day4 ,it was noticed that1 whenever the ,vicar prepared to read and explain a passage of ,scripture1 he would first bow his head and close his eyes while he asked for the guidance of the ,holy ,spirit4 ,keble's famous morning hymn1 ,new every morning is the love1 is taken from a poem of sixteen verses4 ,the first line reads1 ,o timely happy1 timely wise4 ,it contains the two oft quoted stanzas that ought to be treasured in the heart of every ,christian3 ,the trivial round1 the common task1 ,will furnish all we ought to ask1 ,room to deny ourselves2 a road ,to bring us daily nearer ,god4 ,only1 ,o ,lord1 in ,thy dear love ,fit us for perfect rest above2 ,and help us this1 and every day1 ,to live more nearly as we pray4 ,the evening hymn is also taken from a longer poem1 in which the author first describes in graphic words the setting of the sun3 ',tis gone6 that bright and orbed blaze1 ,fast fading from our wistful gaze2 ,yon mantling cloud has hid from sight ,the last faint pulse of quivering light4 ,in darkness and in weariness ,the traveler on his way must press1 ,no gleam to watch on tree or tower1 ,whiling away the lonesome hour4 ,then comes the beautiful and reassuring thought3 ,sun of my soul6 ,thou ,saviour dear1 ,it is not night if ,thou be near6 ,o may no earthborn cloud arise ,to hide ,thee from ,thy servant's eyes4 ,the peculiar tenderness in ,keble's poetry is beautifully illustrated in the second stanza3 ,when the soft dews of kindly sleep ,my wearied eyelids gently steep1 ,be my last thought1 how sweet to rest ,forever on my ,saviour's breast4 ,other familiar hymns by ,keble are ,the ,voice that breathed o'er ,eden1 ,blest are the pure in heart1 and ,when ,god of old came down from heaven4 ,the ,hymn of a ,perplexed ,soul ,lead1 kindly light1 amid th' encircling gloom1 ,lead ,thou me on6 ,the night is dark1 and ,i am far from home2 ,lead ,thou me on6 ,keep ,thou my feet2 ,i do not ask to see ,the distant scene2 one step enough for me4 ,i was not ever thus1 nor prayed that ,thou ,shouldst lead me on2 ,i loved to choose and see my path2 but now ,lead ,thou me on6 ,i loved the garish day1 and1 spite of fears1 ,pride ruled my will4 ,remember not past years6 ,so long ,thy power hath blest me1 sure it still ,will lead me on ,o'er moor and fen1 o'er crag and torrent1 till ,the night is gone1 ,and with the morn those angel faces smile1 ,which ,i have loved long since1 and lost awhile4 ,john ,henry ,newman1 #ahcc4 ,a ,,famous ,,hymn ,,by ,a ,,proselyte ,,of ,,rome ,when the children of ,israel were about to resume the march from ,mount ,sinai and ,moses had received the command to lead the people into the unknown wilderness1 we are told in ,exodus that ,moses hesitated4 ,see1 said the great leader1 ,thou sayest unto me1 ',bring up this people'3 and ,thou hast not let me know whom ,thou wilt send with me4 ,and ,god answered1 ,my presence shall go with thee1 and ,i will give thee rest4 ,it was this sublime thought of the guiding presence of ,god that gave to ,john ,henry ,newman the inspiration for ,lead1 kindly ,light4 ,there was much of tragedy in the strange life of ,newman4 ,he was born in ,london1 the son of a banker1 ,february #ba1 #ahja4 ,it is said that he was extremely superstitious as a boy1 and that he would cross himself1 after the custom of ,roman ,catholics1 whenever he entered a dark place4 ,he also came to the conclusion that it was the will of ,god that he should never marry4 ,he graduated from ,trinity ,college1 ,oxford1 at the age of nineteen1 and four years later was ordained as a minister of the ,church of ,england4 ,he soon began to be attracted by ,roman ,catholic teachings and to associate with leaders of that communion4 ,in #ahcc he was in poor health1 and determined to go to ,italy4 ,this was the year of the famous ,oxford ,movement1 which was destined to carry so many high ,anglicans into the ,roman communion4 ,while in ,rome he came still further under the influence of the ,romanists1 who lost no opportunity to take advantage of his perplexed state of mind4 ,leaving ,rome1 he went down to ,sicily1 where he was stricken with fever and was near death4 ,after his recovery1 his one thought was to return to his native shores4 ,he writes3 ,i was aching to get home2 yet for want of a vessel was kept at ,palermo for three weeks4 ,at last ,i got an orange-boat bound for ,marseilles4 ,we were becalmed a whole week on the ,mediterranean ,sea4 ,then it was 7,june #af1 #ahcc7 that ,i wrote the lines3 ',lead1 kindly ,light4' ,the hymn1 therefore1 may be said to be the work of a man who found himself in deep mental1 physical1 and spiritual distress4 ,newman was greatly dissatisfied with conditions within his own ,church4 ,in his perplexity he scarcely knew where to turn1 but he had no intention at this time1 as he himself states1 to forsake the ,church of ,england for the ,roman ,catholic communion4 ,this step was not taken by him until twelve years later4 ,lead1 kindly ,light was published for the first time in ,the ,british ,magazine1 in the month of ,march1 #ahcd4 ,it bore the title1 ,faith--,heavenly ,leadings4 ,two years later he printed it with the title1 ,light in the ,darkness1 and the motto1 ,unto the godly there ariseth up light in the darkness4 ,at a later date he published it under the title1 ,the ,pillar of the ,cloud4 ,newman ascribed its popularity as a hymn to the appealing tune written for it in #ahfe by ,dr4 ,john ,b4 ,dykes4 ,as to its poetic qualities there has been the widest divergence of opinion4 ,while one critic has called it one of the outstanding lyrics of the nineteenth century1 ,william ,t4 ,stead observes1 caustically1 that ,it is somewhat hard for the staunch ,protestant to wax enthusiastic over the invocation of a ',kindly ,light' which led the author straight into the arms of the ,scarlet ,woman of the ,seven ,hills4 ,the hymn has often been attacked on the ground that it is not definitely ,christian in character4 ,in this respect it is similar to ,mrs4 ,adams' famous hymn1 ,nearer1 my ,god1 to ,thee4 ,when the ,parliament of ,religions convened in ,chicago a few years ago1 ,newman's hymn was the only one sung by representatives of all creeds from every part of the world4 ,bishop ,bickersteth of ,england1 feeling the need of the ,christian note in the hymn1 added the following stanza3 ,meantime along the narrow rugged path ,thyself hast trod1 ,lead1 ,saviour1 lead me home in childlike faith1 ,home to my ,god ,to rest for ever after earthly strife ,in the calm light of everlasting life4 ,this was done1 said ,bishop ,bickersteth1 from a deep conviction that the heart of the belated pilgrim can only find rest in the ,light of ,light4 ,the additional stanza1 however1 has not come into general use4 ,many interpretations have been given to the closing lines1 ,and with the morn those angel faces smile1 ,which ,i have loved long since1 and lost awhile4 ,some have believed that ,newman by angel faces had in mind loved ones lost through death4 ,yet others are convinced that the author had reference to the actual visions of angels which are said to have come to him in youth1 and the loss of which greatly grieved him in later life4 ,newman himself1 in a letter written ,january #ah1 #ahgi1 refused to throw further light on the lines1 pleading that he had forgotten the meaning that he had in mind when the hymn was written forty-six years before4 ,rome honored its distinguished proselyte by making him a cardinal4 ,it is said1 however1 that ,newman was never again a happy man after having surrendered the faith of his fathers4 ,he died at ,birmingham1 ,england1 ,august #aa1 #ahij1 at the age of eighty-nine years4 ,a disciple of ,newman's1 ,frederick ,william ,faber1 may be mentioned in this connection1 for the lives of the two men were strangely intertwined4 ,faber1 who was the son of an ,english clergyman1 was born at ,yorkshire1 ,june #bh1 #ahad4 ,he was graduated from ,oxford in #ahcf1 and became a minister of the ,english ,church at ,elton in #ahdc4 ,while at ,oxford he came under the influence of the ,oxford ,movement and formed a deep attachment for ,newman4 ,it was inevitable1 therefore1 that he too should be carried into the ,roman ,church1 which communion he joined in #ahdf4 ,for some years he labored with ,newman in the ,catholic church of ,st4 ,philip ,neri in ,london4 ,he died in #ahfc at the age of forty-nine years4 ,faber wrote a large number of hymns1 many of them before his desertion to the ,church of ,rome4 ,others1 written after his defection1 containing eulogies of ,mary and petitions addressed to the saints1 have been changed in order to make them suitable for ,protestant hymn-books4 ,his inordinate use of the word sweet1 and his familiar manner of addressing ,christ as sweet ,saviour has called down harsh criticism on his hymns as sentimental and effeminate4 ,however1 such hymns as ,there's a wideness in ,god's mercy1 ,hark1 hark1 my soul6 angelic songs are swelling1 ,o ,saviour1 bless us ere we go1 ,o ,paradise1 ,o ,paradise1 and ,faith of our fathers1 living still have probably found a permanent place in the hymn-books of the ,church ,universal1 and will be loved and cherished both for their devotional spirit and their poetic beauty4 ,faber wrote ,faith of our fathers after his defection to the ,church of ,rome4 ,in its original form the author expressed the hope that ,england would be brought back to the papal fold4 ,the opening lines1 as ,faber wrote them1 were3 ,faith of our fathers6 ,mary's prayers ,shall win our country back to thee4 ,a ,hymn ,written in the ,shadows ,abide with me6 fast falls the eventide2 ,the darkness deepens2 ,lord1 with me abide6 ,when other helpers fail1 and comforts flee1 ,help of the helpless1 ,o abide with me6 ,swift to its close ebbs out life's little day2 ,earth's joys grow dim1 its glories pass away2 ,change and decay in all around ,i see2 ,o ,thou who changest not1 abide with me6 ,i need ,thy presence every passing hour3 ,what but ,thy grace can foil the tempter's power8 ,who like ,thyself my guide and stay can be8 ,through cloud and sunshine1 ,o abide with me6 ,i fear no foe1 with ,thee at hand to bless3 ,ills have no weight1 and tears no bitterness4 ,where is death's sting8 where1 grave1 thy victory8 ,i triumph still1 if ,thou abide with me6 ,hold ,thou ,thy cross before my closing eyes1 ,shine through the gloom1 and point me to the skies2 ,heaven's morning breaks1 and earth's vain shadows flee2 ,in life1 in death1 ,o ,lord1 abide with me6 ,henry ,francis ,lyte1 #ahdg4 ,,henry ,,francis ,,lyte ,,and ,,his ,,swan ,,song ,many a man who has labored in obscure places1 practically unnoticed and unpraised by his own generation1 has achieved a fame after his death that grows in magnitude with the passing years4 ,when ,henry ,francis ,lyte died in #ahdg1 he was little known beyond his humble seashore parish at ,lower ,brixham1 ,england2 but today1 wherever his beautiful hymns are sung throughout the ,christian world1 he is gratefully remembered as the man who wrote ,abide with me4 ,in response to a questionnaire sent to ,american readers recently by ,the ,etude1 a musical magazine1 #g1ejj out of nearly #cb1jjj persons who replied named ,abide with me as their favorite hymn4 ,it easily took first rank1 displacing such older favorites as ,rock of ,ages and ,jesus1 ,lover of my soul4 ,how often we have sung this hymn at the close of an evening service1 and a settled peace has come into our hearts as we have realized the nearness of ,him who said1 ,and lo6 ,i am with you always4 ,yet1 this is not in reality an evening hymn4 ,its theme is the evening of life1 and it was written when ,lyte felt the shadows of death gathering about his own head4 ,we catch his meaning in the second stanza3 ,swift to its close ebbs out life's little day2 ,earth's joys grow dim1 its glories pass away4 ,lyte was always frail in health4 ,he was born in ,scotland1 ,june #a1 #agic1 and was early left an orphan4 ,nevertheless1 despite the handicap of poverty1 he struggled through college1 and on three occasions won prizes with poems4 ,his first ambition was to become a physician1 but during his college days he determined to enter the ministry4 ,the death of a young friend1 a brother clergyman1 brought about a profound change in the spiritual life of ,lyte4 ,called to the bedside of his friend to give him consolation1 he discovered to his sorrow that both he and the dying man were blind guides who were still groping for light4 ,through a prayerful search of the ,scriptures1 however1 they both came to a firm faith in ,christ4 ,lyte wrote of his friend3 ,he died happy under the belief that though he had deeply erred1 there was ,one whose death and sufferings would atone for his delinquencies1 and that he was forgiven and accepted for ,his sake4 ,concerning the change that came into his own life1 he added3 ,i was greatly affected by the whole matter1 and brought to look at life and its issue with a different eye than before2 and ,i began to study my ,bible and preach in another manner than ,i had previously done4 ,for nearly twenty-five years after this incident ,lyte labored among humble fisherfolk and sailors of the parish at ,lower ,brixham1 and his deep spiritual zeal and fervor led him to overtax his physical powers4 ,from time to time he was obliged to spend the winters in more friendly climes4 ,in the autumn of #ahdg he wrote to a friend that the swallows were flying southward1 and he observed1 ,they are inviting me to accompany them2 and yet alas2 while ,i am talking of flying1 ,i am just able to crawl4 ,the ,sunday for his farewell service came4 ,his family and friends admonished him not to preach a sermon1 but the conscientious minister insisted4 ,it is better1 he said1 to wear out than to rust out4 ,he did preach1 and the hearts of his hearers were full that day1 for they seemed to realize that it would probably be the last time they would hear him4 ,the faithful pastor1 too1 seemed to have a premonition that it would be his last sermon4 ,the service closed with the ,lord's ,supper1 administered by ,lyte to his sorrowing flock4 ,though necessarily much exhausted by the exertion and excitement of this effort1 his daughter afterward wrote1 yet his friends had no reason to believe that it had been hurtful to him4 ,this was ,september #d1 #ahdg4 ,that afternoon he walked out along the shore to watch the sun as it was setting in a glory of crimson and gold4 ,it was a peaceful1 beautiful ,sabbath evening4 ,returning to his home1 he shut himself up in his study for the brief space of an hour1 and when he came out1 he handed a near relative the manuscript containing the famous hymn1 ,abide with me4 ,he also had composed a tune of his own for the words1 but this never came into general use4 ,during the following week ,lyte left his beloved ,england for ,italy4 ,however1 he got no farther than ,nice1 in ,france1 where he was obliged to discontinue his journey4 ,here he passed away ,november #bj of the same year4 ,his last words were1 ,joy6 ,peace6 and then he fell asleep4 ,a little cross marks his grave in the ,english cemetery at ,nice1 for he was buried there4 ,every year hundreds of pilgrims visit his grave and tell touching stories of how ,lyte's hymn brought them to faith in ,christ ,jesus4 ,it was ,lyte's life-long wish that he might leave behind him such a hymn as this4 ,in an earlier poem he had voiced the longing that he might write ,some simple strain1 some spirit-moving lay1 ,some sparklet of the soul that still might live ,when ,i was passed to clay4444 ,o ,thou6 whose touch can lend ,life to the dead1 ,thy quick'ning grace supply1 ,and grant me1 swanlike1 my last breath to spend ,in song that may not die6 ,lyte's prayer was fulfilled4 ,as long as men shall worship the crucified and risen ,lord1 so long will they continue to sing the sad and beautiful words of ,lyte's swan song4 ,in ,lyte we have a hymn-writer of the first rank4 ,indeed1 he is comparable to any of ,england's greatest hymnists1 not excepting ,watts or ,wesley4 ,his hymns are real lyrics1 ,scriptural in language1 rich in imagery1 and exalted in poetic conception4 ,in no other author1 says an eminent authority1 is poetry and religion more exquisitely united4 ,aside from the sublime hymn we have mentioned1 ,lyte has given to the ,church such noble lyrics as ,jesus1 ,i my cross have taken1 ,pleasant are ,thy courts above1 ,praise1 my soul1 the ,king of heaven1 ,god of mercy1 ,god of grace1 ,my spirit on ,thy care1 ,as pants the hart for cooling streams1 and ,o that the ,lord's salvation4 ,the latter hymn is one of the few ever written that voice a prayer for the salvation of ,israel4 ,the poetic rapture to which ,lyte's poetry sometimes rises is most beautifully reflected in his hymn of adoration3 ,praise1 my soul1 the ,king of heaven2 ,to ,his feet thy tribute bring2 ,ransomed1 healed1 restored1 forgiven1 ,who like thee ,his praise should sing8 ,alleluia6 ,alleluia6 ,praise the everlasting ,king6 ,praise ,him for ,his grace and favor ,to our fathers in distress2 ,praise ,him1 still the same as ever1 ,slow to chide1 and swift to bless3 ,alleluia6 ,alleluia6 ,glorious in ,his faithfulness6 ,a ,woman's ,gift to the ,church ,nearer1 my ,god1 to ,thee6 ,nearer to ,thee6 ,e'en though it be a cross ,that raiseth me1 ,still all my song shall be1 ,nearer1 my ,god1 to ,thee1 ,nearer to ,thee6 ,though1 like the wanderer1 ,the sun gone down1 ,darkness be over me1 ,my rest a stone1 ,yet in my dreams ,i'd be ,nearer1 my ,god1 to ,thee1 ,nearer to ,thee6 ,there let my way appear ,steps unto heaven2 ,all that ,thou sendest me ,in mercy given2 ,angels to beckon me ,nearer1 my ,god1 to ,thee1 ,nearer to ,thee6 ,then with my waking thoughts1 ,bright with ,thy praise1 ,out of my stony griefs ,bethel ,i'll raise1 ,so by my woes to be ,nearer1 my ,god1 to ,thee1 ,nearer to ,thee6 ,or if on joyful wing1 ,cleaving the sky1 ,sun1 moon1 and stars forgot1 ,upwards ,i fly2 ,still all my song shall be1 ,nearer1 my ,god to ,thee1 ,nearer to ,thee6 ,sarah ,adams1 #ahdj4 ,,sarah ,,adams ,,and ,,the ,,rise ,,of ,,women ,,hymn-,,writers ,nineteenth century hymnody was characterized by an extraordinary number of women hymn-writers4 ,it is significant that this development came1 as we have noted in a previous chapter1 with the great spiritual revivals which aroused evangelical ,europe and ,america from #ahjj to #ahge4 ,it was also coincident with the general movement resulting in the enlargement of women's influence and activity in all spheres of human endeavor4 ,in the realm of hymnody women have become the chief exponents of church song4 ,dr4 ,breed has pointed out that the large increase of women hymnists1 as well as the preponderance of hymn translations1 is indicative of a period of decadence in sacred song4 ,while this is probably true of the latter half of the nineteenth century1 which saw the rise of the so-called ,gospel song1 we must cheerfully recognize the fact that such women as ,charlotte ,elliott1 ,sarah ,adams1 ,cecil ,alexander and ,frances ,havergal in ,england and ,mary ,lathbury1 ,anna ,warner1 ,catherine ,esling1 ,harriet ,beecher ,stowe1 ,phoebe ,gary1 ,elizabeth ,prentiss and ,fanny ,crosby in ,america have contributed some of the most precious gems to the treasure-store of ,christian hymns4 ,indeed1 the hymnody of the ,church would have been immeasurably poorer had these consecrated women failed to make use of their heaven-born talent4 ,and1 although we must deplore the apparent fact that original utterance in sacred song is departing from the ,church1 we must be forever grateful to such gifted women as ,catherine ,winkworth and the ,borthwick sisters1 who1 through their excellent translations1 gave to the ,english-speaking world some of the choicest pearls of ,german hymnody4 ,charlotte ,elliott was the forerunner of the long line of women hymnists4 ,then came ,sarah ,flower ,adams1 the writer of ,nearer1 my ,god1 to ,thee1 one of the greatest sacred lyrics ever given to the world1 and probably the finest ever written by a woman4 ,sarah ,flower was born at ,harlow1 ,england1 ,february #bb1 #ahje1 the daughter of ,benjamin ,flower1 editor of the ,cambridge ,intelligencer4 ,the mother died when ,sarah was only five years old4 ,a sister1 ,eliza1 was a gifted musician1 while ,sarah early showed talent along literary lines4 ,in later years ,eliza wrote music for the hymns of her sister4 ,sarah was fond of the stage4 ,she believed that it could be made to teach great moral truths as well as the pulpit4 ,her dreams of becoming an actress1 however1 failed to materialize because of poor health4 ,in #ahcd she became the wife of ,john ,bridges ,adams1 a civil engineer1 after which she made her home in ,london4 ,her health was seriously impaired through caring for her sister1 who died a consumptive in #ahdf1 and she survived her less than two years4 ,her great hymn was written in #ahdj4 ,it was published the following year in a volume of hymns and anthems edited by her pastor1 ,rev4 ,william ,johnson ,fox4 ,this man was a ,unitarian1 and for this reason ,mrs4 ,adams has also been classified with that sect4 ,it is said1 however1 that she became a ,baptist near the close of her life4 ,other hymns written by her indicate that she had arrived at a living faith in ,christ4 ,perhaps the many trials she suffered proved in the end to be the means of bringing her to the ,saviour4 ,and thus was fulfilled in her own life the beautiful lines3 ,e'en though it be a cross ,that raiseth me4 ,nearer1 my ,god1 to ,thee has probably aroused more discussion than any other hymn4 ,because it is based entirely on the story of ,jacob at ,bethel and omits reference to ,christ1 it has been called more ,unitarian than ,christian4 ,many efforts have been made1 but without much success1 to write a substitute hymn with a definite ,christian note4 ,in #ahfd ,bishop ,how of ,london wrote a hymn1 the first stanza of which reads3 ,nearer1 ,o ,god1 to ,thee6 ,hear ,thou our prayer2 ,e'en though a heavy cross ,fainting we bear4 ,still all our prayer shall be ,nearer1 ,o ,god1 to ,thee1 ,nearer to ,thee6 ,prof4 ,henry ,eyster ,jacobs of ,philadelphia1 in #ahhg1 also wrote a version3 ,nearer1 my ,god1 to ,thee1 ,nearer to ,thee6 ,through ,word and ,sacrament ,thou com'st to me4 ,thy grace is ever near1 ,thy ,spirit ever here ,drawing to ,thee4 ,the hymn was a favorite with ,william ,mc,kinley1 the martyred president4 ,when he was dying1 his attending physician heard him murmur1 ',nearer1 my ,god1 to ,thee1 ,e'en though it be a cross1' has been my constant prayer4 ,that ,sweet ,story of ,old ,i think1 when ,i read that sweet story of old1 ,when ,jesus was here among men1 ,how ,he called little children as lambs to ,his fold1 ,i should like to have been with them then4 ,i wish that ,his hand had been placed on my head1 ,that ,his arm had been thrown around me1 ,and that ,i might have seen ,his kind look when ,he said1 ,let the little ones come unto ,me4 ,yet still to ,his footstool in prayer ,i may go1 ,and ask for a share in ,his love2 ,and if only ,i earnestly seek ,him below1 ,i shall see ,him and hear ,him above4 ,in that beautiful place ,he has gone to prepare ,for all who are washed and forgiven1 ,full many dear children are gathering there1 ,for of such is the kingdom of heaven ,but thousands and thousands who wander and fall ,never heard of that heavenly home3 ,i should like them to know there is room for them all1 ,and that ,jesus has bid them to come4 ,and ,o how ,i long for that glorious time1 ,the sweetest and brightest and best1 ,when the dear little children of every clime ,shall crowd to ,his arms and be blest6 ,jemima ,luke1 #ahda4 ,a ,,hymn ,,written ,,in ,a ,,stage-,,coach ,some one has said1 ,let me write the songs of a nation1 and ,i care not who may write its laws4 ,it is a wise saying2 for who can estimate the influence of the songs we sing1 especially the songs of children8 ,there is no better way to teach ,christian truths to children than to have them sing those truths into their hearts and souls4 ,when ,jemima ,luke sat in an ,english stage-coach in #ahda composing the lines of a little poem that had been ringing in her mind1 she could scarcely have known she was writing a hymn that would gladden the hearts of thousands of children in many years to come4 ,but that is how she wrote ,i think when ,i read that sweet story of old1 and that is the happy fate that was in store for her labor of love4 ,her maiden name was ,jemima ,thompson4 ,her father was a missionary enthusiast1 and she herself was filled with zeal for mission enterprises4 ,even as a child1 at the age of thirteen1 she was an anonymous contributor to ,the ,juvenile ,magazine4 ,when she was twenty-eight years old she visited a school where the children had been singing a fine old melody as a marching song4 ,what a lovely children's hymn it would make1 she thought1 if only there were suitable religious words for it4 ,she hunted through many books for the words she desired1 but could find none that satisfied her4 ,some time later1 as she was riding in a stage coach with nothing to occupy her1 she thought of the tune again4 ,taking an old envelope from her pocket1 she recorded on the back of it the words that have come to be loved on both sides of the ,atlantic1 and some day probably will be sung by the children of all the world4 ,when she returned home1 she taught the words and the melody to her ,sunday school class4 ,her father1 who was superintendent of the school1 chanced to hear them one day4 ,where did that hymn come from8 he asked4 ,jemima made it6 was the proud answer of the youngsters4 ,without telling his daughter about it1 the father sent a copy of the words to the ,sunday ,school ,teachers' ,magazine1 and in a few weeks it appeared for the first time in print4 ,since that time it has continued to find a place year after year in almost every juvenile hymnal published in the ,english language4 ,the last stanza of the hymn1 which begins with the words1 ,but thousands and thousands who wander and fall1 was added subsequently by the author1 who desired to make it suitable for missionary gatherings4 ,her interest in foreign missions continued unabated throughout her life4 ,at one time she was accepted as a missionary to the women of ,india1 but poor health prevented her from carrying out her purpose4 ,however1 she edited ,the ,missionary ,repository1 the first missionary magazine for children1 and numbered among her contributors such famous missionaries as ,david ,livingstone1 ,robert ,moffatt and ,james ,montgomery4 ,in #ahdc she married a minister1 ,rev4 ,samuel ,luke4 ,after his death in #ahfh she devoted much of her time to promoting the erection of parsonages in parishes that were too poor to provide them for their pastors4 ,when an international convention of the ,christian ,endeavor society was held in ,baltimore in #aijd1 ,mrs4 ,luke sent the following message to the young people3 ,dear children1 you will be men and women soon1 and it is for you and the children of ,england to carry the message of a ,saviour's love to every nation of this sin-stricken world4 ,it is a blessed message to carry1 and it is a happy work to do4 ,the ,lord make you ever faithful to ,him1 and unspeakably happy in ,his service6 ,i came to ,him at ten years of age1 and at ninety-one can testify to ,his care and faithfulness4 ,she died in #aijf at the age of ninety-three years4 ,although she wrote a great deal of inspiring ,christian literature1 it is only her beautiful ,sweet ,story of ,old that has come down to us4 ,redemption's ,story in a ,hymn ,there is a green hill far away1 ,without a city wall1 ,where the dear ,lord was crucified1 ,who died to save us all4 ,we may not know1 we cannot tell1 ,what pains ,he had to bear2 ,but we believe it was for us ,he hung and suffered there4 ,he died that we might be forgiven1 ,he died to make us good1 ,that we might go at last to heaven1 ,saved by ,his precious blood4 ,there was no other good enough ,to pay the price of sin2 ,he only could unlock the gate ,of heaven1 and let us in4 ,o dearly1 dearly has ,he loved1 ,and we must love ,him too1 ,and trust in ,his redeeming blood1 ,and try ,his works to do4 ,cecil ,frances ,alexander1 #ahdh4 ,,an ,,archbishop',s ,,wife ,,who ,,wrote ,,hymns ,shortly before the death in #aiaa of ,archbishop ,william ,alexander1 primate of the ,anglican ,church in ,ireland1 he remarked that he would be remembered as the husband of the woman who wrote ,the roseate hues of early dawn and ,there is a green hill far away4 ,the humble prelate was right4 ,although he occupied an exalted position in the ,church less than two decades ago1 few people today recall his name4 ,but who has not heard the name of ,cecil ,frances ,humphreys ,alexander1 who1 in spite of multitudinous duties as wife and mother1 found time to be a parish worker among the poor and to write hymns that shall never die8 ,when ,cecil ,frances was only a little girl1 she began to reveal poetic talent4 ,because her father was an officer in the ,royal ,marines and rather a stern man1 she was not sure that he would be pleased with her efforts and therefore she hid her poems under a carpet6 ,when he finally discovered what his nine-year-old daughter was busying herself with1 he set aside a certain hour every ,saturday evening1 at which time he read aloud to the family the poems she had written4 ,the family numbered among its friends none other than ,john ,keble1 writer of the famous collection of devotional poems known as ,the ,christian ,year1 and he1 too1 gave encouragement to the youthful poet4 ,in #ahdh1 at the age of twenty-five1 she published a volume of hymns for little children that probably has never been excelled by a similar collection4 ,two years later she became the bride of ,rev4 ,william ,alexander1 afterwards ,bishop of ,derry and ,raphoe1 and later ,archbishop of ,armaugh4 ,he was rector of a country parish in the county of ,tyrone at the time1 and there was much poverty among his people4 ,among these needy folk the young minister's wife moved about like a ministering angel4 ,a beautiful tribute to her memory from the pen of her husband reads3 ,from one poor home to another1 from one bed of sickness to another1 from one sorrow to another1 she went4 ,christ was ever with her1 and in her1 and all felt her influence4 ,but the poetic spark within her was not permitted to languish4 ,even when children began to bless this unusual household and the cares of the mother increased1 her harp was tuned anew and sweeter songs than ever began to well up from her joyous1 thankful heart4 ,practically all of the four hundred hymns and poems written by ,mrs4 ,alexander were intended for children1 and for this reason their language is very simple4 ,at the same time she succeeds in teaching some of the most profound truths of the ,christian faith4 ,witness1 for example1 the simple language of ,there is a green hill far away4 ,a child has no difficulty in comprehending it1 and yet this precious hymn sets forth in a most touching way the whole story of the ,atonement4 ,he died that we might be forgiven1 ,he died to make us good1 ,that we might go at last to heaven1 ,saved by ,his precious blood4 ,again1 the infinite value of the sacrifice which ,christ made when ,he1 the ,sinless ,one1 died for sinners is expressed in these simple1 appealing words3 ,there was no other good enough ,to pay the price of sin1 ,he only could unlock the gate ,of heaven1 and let us in4 ,archbishop ,alexander mentioned two hymns by which his wife's name1 and incidentally his own1 would be remembered4 ,he might have added several others1 such as the challenging hymn1 ,jesus calls us2 o'er the tumult1 or the two beautiful children's hymns1 ,once in royal ,david's city and ,all things bright and beautiful4 ,and among her splendid poems he might have mentioned the sublime verses entitled ,the ,burial of ,moses4 ,her own spirit of confiding trust in ,god is reflected in the lines3 ,o lonely tomb in ,moab's land6 ,o dark ,beth-peor's hill6 ,speak to these curious hearts of ours1 ,and teach them to be still2 ,god has ,his mysteries of grace1 ,ways that we cannot tell2 ,he hides them deep1 like the secret sleep ,of him ,he loved so well4 ,mrs4 ,alexander died in #ahie at the age of seventy-two years4 ,she was buried in ,londonderry1 ,ireland4 ,at ,archbishop ,alexander's funeral sixteen years later ,the roseate hues of early dawn was sung in ,londonderry cathedral1 and when the body was lowered into the grave the mourners sang1 ,there is a green hill far away4 ,during the years when ,mrs4 ,alexander was penning her beautiful lyrics1 three other women were giving hymns to the ,english people in another way4 ,they were ,catherine ,winkworth and the sisters ,jane ,borthwick and ,sarah ,borthwick ,findlater1 all three of whom had conceived a deep love for the wonderful hymns of ,germany and were translating them into their native tongue4 ,miss ,winkworth1 who is the foremost translator of ,german hymns1 was born in ,london1 ,september #ac1 #ahbi4 ,her ,lyra ,germanica1 published in #ahee1 met with such favorable reception that a second series was issued in #aheh4 ,her ,christian ,singers of ,germany was published in #ahfi4 ,miss ,winkworth possessed a marvelous ability of preserving the spirit of the great ,german hymns while she clothed them in another language4 ,it was she who gave us in ,english dress such magnificent hymns as ,rinkart's ,now thank we all our ,god1 ,luther's ,out of the depths ,i cry to ,thee1 ,decius' ,all glory be to ,god on high1 ,neander's ,praise to the ,lord1 the ,almighty1 the ,king of creation1 ,schmolck's ,open now thy gates of beauty1 and ,gerhardt's ,all my heart this night rejoices4 ,miss ,winkworth1 more than any other one person1 is responsible for having aroused in ,england and ,america an appreciation of the treasure store of ,german hymnody4 ,she died in #ahfi4 ,the two ,borthwick sisters1 ,jane ,laurie and ,sarah1 were born in ,edinburgh1 ,scotland1 the former in #ahac and the latter in #ahbc4 ,they came from an old ,scotch family4 ,sarah married a ,rev4 ,eric ,findlater and lived for a time in ,perthshire4 ,the ,borthwick sisters collaborated in the preparation of the translations entitled ,hymns from the ,land of ,luther4 ,these appeared first in #ahed and continued in four series until #ahfb4 ,although it is difficult to distinguish the individual work of the sisters1 ,jane is generally credited with the translation of such noble hymns as ,zinzendorf's ,jesus1 still lead on1 and ,schmolck's ,my ,jesus1 as ,thou wilt1 while ,sarah is believed to be the translator of ,tersteegen's ,god calling yet1 ,spitta's ,o happy home1 where ,thou art loved the dearest1 ,schmolck's ,my ,god1 ,i know that ,i must die1 and a large number of other famous ,german hymns4 ,jane ,borthwick died in #ahig1 and her younger sister followed her ten years later4 ,the ,voice of ,jesus ,i heard the voice of ,jesus say3 ,come unto ,me and rest2 ,lay down1 thou weary one1 lay down ,thy head upon ,my breast4 ,i came to ,jesus as ,i was1 ,weary1 and worn1 and sad2 ,i found in ,him a resting-place1 ,and ,he has made me glad4 ,i heard the voice of ,jesus say1 ,behold1 ,i freely give ,the living water1 thirsty one1 ,stoop down1 and drink1 and live4 ,i came to ,jesus and ,i drank ,of that life-giving stream2 ,my thirst was quenched1 my soul revived1 ,and now ,i live in ,him4 ,i heard the voice of ,jesus say1 ,i am this dark world's ,light2 ,look unto ,me1 thy morn shall rise1 ,and all thy day be bright4 ,i looked to ,jesus1 and ,i found ,in ,him my ,star1 my ,sun2 ,and in that ,light of life ,i'll walk1 ,till traveling days are done4 ,horatius ,bonar1 #ahdf4 ,,bonar1 ,,the ,,sweet ,,singer ,,of ,,scotland ,one of ,scotland's most earnest soul-winners was also its greatest hymnist4 ,he was ,horatius ,bonar1 a name that will be forever cherished by all who are filled with a fervent love for the ,saviour and who find that love so beautifully expressed in the spiritual songs of the noble ,scotchman4 ,like the hymns of ,mrs4 ,alexander1 ,dr4 ,bonar wrote his songs for children2 but they are so profound and intensely spiritual in their very simplicity they will always satisfy the most mature ,christian mind4 ,no matter how old we become1 our hearts will ever be stirred as we sing the tender words3 ,i long to be like ,jesus1 ,meek1 loving1 lowly1 mild2 ,i long to be like ,jesus1 ,the ,father's holy ,child4 ,i long to be with ,jesus1 ,amid the heavenly throng1 ,to sing with saints ,his praises1 ,to learn the angels' song4 ,the subjective1 emotional element is strongly present in the hymns of ,bonar4 ,in this respect there is a striking resemblance to the hymns of the great ,german writer1 ,benjamin ,schmolck4 ,both use the name ,jesus freely1 and both become daringly intimate1 yet the hymns of neither are weak or sentimental4 ,in ,bonar we behold the strange anomaly of a man with a strong physique and powerful intellect combined with the gentle1 sympathetic nature of a woman and the simple1 confiding faith of a child4 ,the warmth and sincerity of his personal faith in ,christ may be seen reflected in all his hymns4 ,i try to fill my hymns with the love and light of ,christ1 he once said1 and certainly he has drawn many souls to the ,saviour by the tenderness of their appeal4 ,bonar is ever pointing in his hymns to ,christ as an all-sufficient ,saviour1 dwelling in simple language on the blessings of the ,atonement and the willingness of ,god to accept all who come to ,him through ,christ4 ,in these days of modernistic teachings when practically all stress is placed on living the ,christ-life while the meritorious work of ,christ on behalf of the sinner is largely ignored and forgotten1 it would be salutary for the ,church to listen anew to such words as these3 ,upon a ,life ,i have not lived1 ,upon a ,death ,i did not die1 ,another's ,life2 ,another's ,death3 ,i stake my whole eternity4 ,not on the tears which ,i have shed2 ,not on the sorrows ,i have known3 ,another's tears2 ,another's griefs3 ,on them ,i rest1 on them alone4 ,jesus1 ,o ,son of ,god1 ,i build ,on what ,thy cross has done for me2 ,there both my death and life ,i read2 ,my guilt1 my pardon there ,i see4 ,lord1 ,i believe2 ,o deal with me ,as one who has ,thy ,word believed6 ,i take the gift1 ,lord1 look on me ,as one who has ,thy gift received4 ,bonar was born in ,edinburgh1 ,december #ai1 #ahjh4 ,his father was a lawyer1 but he came from a long line of eminent ,scottish ministers4 ,his mother was a gentle1 pious woman1 and it was largely through her influence that her three sons1 ,john1 ,horatius and ,andrew1 entered the ministry of the ,church of ,scotland4 ,andrew became a noted ,bible commentator4 ,after completing his course at the ,university of ,edinburgh1 ,horatius began mission work in ,leith1 under ,rev4 ,james ,lewis4 ,in one of the most squalid parts of the city he conducted services and ,sunday school in a hall4 ,the children did not seem to enjoy singing the ,psalm paraphrases1 which were still exclusively used by the ,church of ,scotland at that late date1 and therefore ,bonar decided to write songs of his own4 ,like ,luther1 he chose happy tunes familiar to the children1 and wrote words to fit them4 ,his first two hymns were ,i lay my sins on ,jesus and ,the morning1 the bright and beautiful morning4 ,still others were ,i was a wandering sheep and ,a few more years shall roll4 ,needless to say1 the children sang and enjoyed them4 ,at this time1 also1 he wrote his first hymn for adults1 ,go1 labor on6 ,spend and be spent6 ,it was intended to encourage those who were working with him among the poor of his district4 ,after four years ,bonar was ordained as a minister of the ,church of ,scotland1 assuming charge of a new church at ,kelso4 ,he was a man of prayer1 and his first sermon to his people was an exhortation to prayer4 ,it is said that a young servant in his home was converted by his prayers4 ,hearing his earnest supplications from his locked study1 she thought3 ,if he needs to pray so much1 what will become of me1 if ,i do not pray6 ,many stories are related of his methods of dealing with seeking souls4 ,a young man who was troubled by a grievous sin came to ,bonar for help4 ,the latter told him that ,god was willing to forgive and that the blood of ,jesus ,his ,son cleanseth from all sin4 ,the despairing young man seemed unable to believe the gospel message1 however1 and continually reminded ,bonar of the greatness of his transgression4 ,finally an inspiration came to the pastor4 ,tell me1 he demanded1 which is of greater weight in the eyes of ,god--your sin1 black as it is1 or the blood of ,jesus1 shed for sinners8 ,light dawned on the soul of the troubled young man1 and he cried joyfully1 ,oh1 ,i am sure the blood of ,jesus weighs more heavily than even my sin6 ,and so he found peace4 ,bonar was a man of boundless energy4 ,when he was not preaching1 he was writing hymns or tracts or books4 ,one of his tracts1 ,believe and ,live1 was printed in more than a million copies1 and the late ,queen ,victoria of ,england was much blessed by it4 ,his hymns number about #fjj1 and the fact that at least #ajj are in common use today is a testimonial to their worth4 ,dr4 ,bonar never used his hymns in his own church worship1 but when1 on a certain occasion near the close of his life1 he broke the rule1 two of his elders showed their emphatic disapproval by walking out of church4 ,perhaps the finest hymn we have received from his pen1 if we except ,i lay my sins on ,jesus1 is ,i heard the voice of ,jesus say4 ,other familiar hymns are ,thy works1 not mine1 ,o ,christ1 ,not what my hands have done1 ,blessing1 and honor1 and glory1 and power1 ,all that ,i was1 my sin1 my guilt1 ,thy way1 not mine1 ,o ,lord1 and ,a few more years shall roll4 ,in #ahdc ,dr4 ,bonar married ,miss ,jane ,lundie1 and for forty years they shared joy and sorrow4 ,she1 too1 was a gifted writer1 and it is she who has given us the beautiful gem1 ,fade1 fade1 each earthly joy4 ,sorrow was one of the means used by the ,lord to enrich and mellow the life of ,bonar4 ,five of his children died in early years4 ,it required much of divine grace in such experiences to write lines like these3 ,spare not the stroke2 do with us as ,thou wilt2 ,let there be naught unfinished1 broken1 marred4 ,complete ,thy purpose1 that we may become ,thy perfect image1 ,o our ,god and ,lord4 ,bonar himself was sorely afflicted during the last two years of his life4 ,he died in #ahhi1 deeply mourned by all ,scotland as well as by ,christians throughout the world who had come to know him through his tracts and hymns4 ,at his funeral one of his own hymns was sung4 ,it was written on the theme of his family motto1 ,heaven at ,last4 ,what a city6 what a glory6 ,far beyond the brightest story ,of the ages old and hoary3 ,ah1 'tis heaven at last6 ,christ ,himself the living splendor1 ,christ the sunlight mild and tender2 ,praises to the ,lamb we render3 ,ah1 'tis heaven at last6 ,now1 at length1 the veil is rended1 ,now the pilgrimage is ended1 ,and the saints their thrones ascended3 ,ah1 'tis heaven at last6 ,broken death's dread bands that bound us1 ,life and victory around us2 ,christ1 the ,king1 ,himself hath crowned us2 ,ah1 'tis heaven at last6 ,the ,dayspring from on ,high ,o very ,god of very ,god1 ,and very ,light of ,light1 ,whose feet this earth's dark valley trod1 ,that so it might be bright6 ,our hopes are weak1 our foes are strong1 ,thick darkness blinds our eyes2 ,cold is the night1 and ,o we long ,for ,thee1 our ,sun1 to rise6 ,and even now1 though dull and gray1 ,the east is brightening fast1 ,and kindling to the perfect day ,that never shall be past4 ,o guide us till our path be done1 ,and we have reached the shore ,where ,thou1 our everlasting ,sun1 ,art shining evermore6 ,we wait in faith1 and turn our face ,to where the daylight springs1 ,till ,thou shalt come our gloom to chase1 ,with healing on ,thy wings4 ,john ,mason ,neale1 #ahdf4 ,,two ,,famous ,,translators ,,of ,,ancient ,,hymns ,little more than a century ago--in the year #ahah1 to be exact--there was born in the great city of ,london a child who was destined to become an unusual scholar4 ,he was christened ,john ,mason ,neale1 a name that may be found today throughout the pages of the world's best hymn-books4 ,when he was only five years old1 his father died1 and1 like so many other men who have achieved fame1 he received the greater part of his elementary training from a gifted mother4 ,at ,cambridge ,university1 which he entered at an early age1 he became a brilliant student1 leading his classes and winning numerous prizes4 ,after his graduation he was ordained as a minister in the ,church of ,england4 ,his interest in the ancient hymns of the ,christian ,church led him to spend much time in the morning lands of history1 particularly in ,greece4 ,to him1 more than any one else1 we owe some of the most successful translations from the classical languages4 ,by his sojourn in eastern lands1 he seems to have been enabled to catch the spirit of the ,greek hymns to such a degree that his translations read almost like original poems4 ,for instance1 in order to do justice to the famous ,easter hymn of ,john of ,damascus1 written some time during the eighth century1 ,neale celebrated ,easter in ,athens and heard the glorious old hymn of victory1 as he called it1 sung by a great throng of worshipers at midnight4 ,the result is his sublime translation3 ,the day of resurrection6 ,earth1 tell it out abroad6 ,the ,passover of gladness1 ,the ,passover of ,god6 ,from death to ,life eternal1 ,from earth unto the sky1 ,our ,christ hath brought us over1 ,with hymns of victory4 ,another very famous translation from the ,greek by ,neale is the hymn3 ,art thou weary1 art thou languid1 ,art thou sore distressed8 ,come to me1 saith ,one1 and1 coming1 ,be at rest4 ,this hymn is often regarded as an original by ,neale1 but the author was ,st4 ,stephen the ,sabaite1 a monk who received his name from the monastery in which he spent his life1 that of ,st4 ,sabas1 near ,bethlehem1 overlooking the ,dead ,sea4 ,st4 ,stephen1 who was born in #gbe ,a4,d41 had been placed in the monastery at the age of ten years by his uncle4 ,he lived there more than half a century until his death in #gid ,a4,d4 ,neale was equally successful in the translation of ancient ,latin hymns4 ,perhaps the most notable is his rendering of ,bernard of ,cluny's immortal hymn3 ,jerusalem1 the golden1 ,with milk and honey blest6 ,beneath thy contemplation ,sink heart and voice oppressed3 ,i know not1 ,o ,i know not1 ,what blissful joys are there1 ,what radiancy of glory1 ,what light beyond compare6 ,so facile was ,neale in the art of writing either ,english or ,latin verse1 that he often astounded his friends4 ,it is said that on one occasion ,john ,keble1 author of ,the ,christian ,year1 was visiting him4 ,absenting himself from the room for a few minutes1 ,neale returned shortly and exclaimed3 ,i thought1 ,keble1 that all your poems in ',the ,christian ,year' were original2 but one of them1 at least1 seems to be a translation4 ,thereupon he handed ,keble1 to the latter's amazement1 a very fine ,latin rendering of one of ,keble's own poems4 ,he had made the translation during his absence from the room4 ,but ,neale did not confine himself to translations4 ,he also wrote a large number of splendid original hymns4 ,he was fond of writing hymns for holy days and festivals of the church year4 ,the hymn printed in connection with this sketch is for ,advent4 ,oh ,thou1 who by a star didst guide1 for ,epiphany1 and ,blessed ,saviour1 who hast taught me1 for confirmation1 are among his other original hymns4 ,because of his high church tendencies1 accentuated no doubt by the influence of the ,oxford ,movement1 ,neale incurred the suspicion of some that he leaned toward the ,church of ,rome4 ,however1 there is nothing of ,roman error to be found in his hymns4 ,the evangelical note rings pure and clear1 and for this reason they will no doubt continue to be loved and sung through centuries yet to come4 ,neale died ,august #f1 #ahff1 at the age of forty-eight years1 trusting in the atoning blood of ,christ1 and with the glorious assurance expressed in his version of ,st4 ,stephen's hymn3 ,if ,i still hold closely to ,him1 ,what hath ,he at last8 ,sorrow vanquished1 labor ended1 ,jordan passed4 ,if ,i ask ,him to receive me1 ,will ,he say me nay8 ,not till earth and not till heaven ,pass away4 ,another ,englishman who gained renown by translations of the old classical hymns of the ,church was ,edward ,caswall4 ,he was a contemporary of ,neale1 and1 like the latter1 came under the influence of the ,oxford ,movement1 which cost the ,church of ,england some of its ablest men4 ,while ,neale1 however1 remained faithful to his own communion1 ,caswall resigned as a minister of the ,english ,church and became a ,romanist4 ,he was made a priest in the ,congregation of the ,oratory1 which ,cardinal ,newman had established in ,birmingham1 a position he continued to fill until his death in #ahgh4 ,two of the most beautiful hymns in the ,english language--,jesus1 the very thought of ,thee and ,o ,jesus1 ,king most wonderful--were derived by ,caswall from the famous ,latin poem1 ,de ,nomine ,jesu1 by ,bernard of ,clairvaux4 ,of the former hymn ,dr4 ,robinson has said3 ,one might call this poem the finest in the world and still be within the limits of all extravagance4 ,among other fine translations from the ,latin by ,caswall are ,hark6 a thrilling voice is sounding and ,glory be to ,jesus4 ,he also has given us some hymns from the ,german1 including the exquisite morning hymn1 ,when morning gilds the skies4 ,this is such a free rendering1 however1 that it may rather be regarded as an original hymn by ,caswall4 ,three of its stanzas read3 ,when morning gilds the skies1 ,my heart1 awaking1 cries1 ,may ,jesus ,christ be praised6 ,alike at work and prayer1 ,to ,jesus ,i repair2 ,may ,jesus ,christ be praised6 ,in heaven's eternal bliss ,the loveliest strain is this1 ,may ,jesus ,christ be praised6 ,let air1 and sea1 and sky ,from depth to height reply1 ,may ,jesus ,christ be praised6 ,be this1 while life is mine1 ,my canticle divine1 ,may ,jesus ,christ be praised6 ,be this the eternal song ,through all the ages on1 ,may ,jesus ,christ be praised6 ,a ,great ,marching ,song ,onward1 ,christian soldiers1 ,marching as to war1 ,with the cross of ,jesus ,going on before4 ,christ1 the royal ,master1 ,leads against the foe2 ,forward into battle1 ,see1 ,his banners go6 ,at the sign of triumph ,satan's armies flee2 ,on1 then1 ,christian soldiers1 ,on to victory6 ,hell's foundations quiver ,at the shout of praise2 ,brothers1 lift your voices1 ,loud your anthems raise4 ,crowns and thrones may perish1 ,kingdoms rise and wane1 ,but the church of ,jesus ,constant will remain2 ,gates of hell can never ',gainst that church prevail2 ,we have ,christ's own promise1 ,and that cannot fail4 ,onward1 then1 ye people6 ,join our happy throng1 ,blend with ours your voices ,in the triumph-song2 ,glory1 laud1 and honor ,unto ,christ the ,king1 ,this through countless ages ,men and angels sing4 ,sabine ,baring-,gould1 #ahfe4 ,,baring-,,gould ,,and ,,his ,,noted ,,hymn ,when ,rev4 ,sabine ,baring-,gould1 on ,whitsunday1 #ahfe1 sat up a greater portion of the night to compose a hymn1 he did not realize he was writing words that would be sung through the centuries2 but that no doubt will be the result of his zeal4 ,the hymn he wrote was ,onward1 ,christian soldiers4 ,the story is an interesting one4 ,at that time ,baring-,gould was minister of the ,established ,church at ,lew-,trenchard1 ,england4 ,on ,whitmonday the children of his village were to march to an adjoining village for a ,sunday school rally4 ,if only there was something they could sing as they marched1 the pastor thought1 the way would not seem so long4 ,he searched diligently for something suitable but failed to find what he wanted4 ,finally he decided to write a marching song4 ,it took the greater part of the night to do it1 but the next morning the children's pilgrimage was made the lighter and happier by ,onward1 ,christian soldiers4 ,commenting on the hymn some thirty years later1 the author said3 ,it was written in great haste1 and ,i am afraid some of the rhymes are faulty4 ,certainly1 nothing has surprised me more than its popularity4 ,in this instance1 as in many others that might be mentioned1 the tune to which it is inseparably wedded1 has no doubt contributed much to make it popular4 ,sir ,arthur ,seymour ,sullivan1 the great ,english organist who wrote ,the ,lost ,chord1 in #ahgb composed the stirring music now used for ,baring-,gould's hymn4 ,objection has sometimes been voiced against the hymn because of its martial spirit4 ,however1 it should be noted that this hymn gives not the slightest hint of warfare with carnal weapons4 ,the allusion is to spiritual warfare1 and the warrior is the ,christian soldier4 ,we are reminded throughout this hymn of ,paul's martial imagery in the sixth chapter of ,ephesians1 where he tells us that our wrestling is not against flesh and blood1 but against the principalities1 against the powers1 against the world-rulers of this darkness1 against the spiritual hosts of wickedness in the heavenly places1 and admonishes us to put on the whole armor of ,god4 ,we also recall the same apostle's exhortation to ,timothy to war the good warfare1 and to fight the good fight of faith4 ,it is salutary to be reminded by such a hymn as this of the heroic character of the ,christian life4 ,the follower of ,jesus is not to sit with folded hands and sing his way into ,paradise4 ,a sickly1 sentimental religion has no more place in the ,christian ,church today than it had in those early days when apostles and martyrs sealed their faith with their life-blood4 ,baring-,gould's hymn seems almost an exultant answer to ,isaac ,watts' challenging stanza3 ,must ,i be carried to the skies ,on flowery beds of ease1 ,while others fought to win the prize1 ,and sailed through bloody seas8 ,we sometimes hear it said that the ,church of ,christ has fallen on evil days1 and more than one faithful soul fears for the future4 ,baring-,gould has reminded us here of ,christ's own promise that1 though kingdoms may rise and fall1 ,his kingdom shall ever remain1 for the gates of hell shall not prevail against it4 ,during a desperate battle between the ,french and ,austrians in the ,napoleonic wars1 a ,french officer rushed to his commander and exclaimed1 ,the battle is lost6 ,quietly the general answered1 ,one battle is lost1 but there is time to win another4 ,inspired by the commander's unconquerable optimism1 the ,french army renewed the struggle and snatched victory out of the jaws of defeat4 ,that has ever been the history of the ,church of ,christ4 ,baring-,gould was one of ,england's most versatile ministers4 ,in addition to his hymn-writing1 he was a novelist of considerable reputation4 ,for many years he regularly produced a novel every year4 ,his ,lives of the ,saints in fifteen volumes1 his ,curious ,myths of the ,middle ,ages and his ,legends of the ,old ,testament are all notable works4 ,it is said that he did all his writing in long hand without the aid of a secretary4 ,he once declared that he often did his best work when he felt least inclined to apply himself to his task4 ,he never waited for an inspiration1 but plunged into his work and then stuck to it until it was finished4 ,the beautiful evening hymn1 ,now the day is over1 is also from ,baring-,gould's pen1 and1 to show his versatility1 he also composed the tune for it4 ,he was also the translator of ,bernhardt ,severin ,ingemann's famous ,danish hymn1 ,through the night of doubt and sorrow4 ,despite his arduous and unceasing labors1 ,baring-,gould lived to the ripe old age of ninety years4 ,he died in #aibd1 but his hymn goes marching on4 ,a ,rapturous ,hymn of ,adoration ,o ,saviour1 precious ,saviour1 ,whom1 yet unseen1 we love2 ,o ,name of might and favor1 ,all other names above3 ,we worship ,thee1 we bless ,thee1 ,to ,thee alone we sing2 ,we praise ,thee and confess ,thee1 ,our holy ,lord and ,king4 ,o ,bringer of salvation1 ,who wondrously hast wrought1 ,thyself the revelation ,of love beyond our thought2 ,we worship ,thee1 we bless ,thee1 ,to ,thee alone we sing2 ,we praise ,thee and confess ,thee1 ,our gracious ,lord and ,king4 ,in ,thee all fulness dwelleth1 ,all grace and power divine2 ,the glory that excelleth1 ,o ,son of ,god1 is ,thine4 ,we worship ,thee1 we bless ,thee1 ,to ,thee alone we sing2 ,we praise ,thee and confess ,thee1 ,our glorious ,lord and ,king4 ,o grant the consummation ,of this our song above1 ,in endless adoration ,and everlasting love2 ,then shall we praise and bless ,thee ,where perfect praises ring1 ,and evermore confess ,thee1 ,our ,saviour and our ,king4 ,frances ,ridley ,havergal1 #ahgj4 ,,frances ,,ridley ,,havergal1 ,,the ,,consecration ,,poet ,the beauty of a consecrated ,christian life has probably never been more perfectly revealed than in the life of ,frances ,ridley ,havergal4 ,to read the story of her life is not only an inspiration1 but it discloses at once the secret of her beautiful hymns4 ,she lived her hymns before she wrote them4 ,this sweetest of all ,english singers was born at ,astley1 ,worcestershire1 ,december #ad1 #ahcf4 ,she was such a bright1 happy and vivacious child that her father1 who was a minister of the ,church of ,england and himself a hymn-writer of no mean ability1 called her ,little ,quicksilver4 ,her father was also a gifted musician1 and this quality too was inherited by the daughter1 who became a brilliant pianist and passionately fond of singing4 ,however1 because she looked upon her talents as gifts from ,god to be used only in ,his service1 she would sing nothing but sacred songs4 ,her sunshiny nature became even more radiant following a deep religious experience at the age of fourteen4 ,of this she afterwards wrote3 ,i committed my soul to the ,saviour1 and earth and heaven seemed brighter from that moment4 ,at the age of eighteen she was confirmed4 ,it is evident that she looked upon her confirmation as one of the most blessed experiences of her life1 for when she returned home she wrote in her manuscript book of poems3 ,,thine ,,for ,,ever ,oh6 ,thine for ever1 what a blessed thing ,to be for ever ,his who died for me6 ,my ,saviour1 all my life ,thy praise ,i'll sing1 ,nor cease my song throughout eternity4 ,she also wrote a hymn on ,confirmation1 ,in full and glad surrender4 ,this hymn her sister declared was the epitome of her life and the focus of its sunshine4 ,four years later1 while pursuing studies in ,duesseldorf1 ,germany1 ,miss ,havergal chanced to see ,sternberg's celebrated painting1 ,ecce ,homo1 with the inscription beneath it3 ,this have ,i done for thee2 ,what hast thou done for me8 ,this was the same painting that once made such a profound impression on the youthful mind of ,count ,zinzendorf4 ,miss ,havergal was likewise deeply moved1 and immediately she seized a piece of scrap paper and a pencil and wrote the famous hymn3 ,i gave ,my life for thee1 ,my precious blood ,i shed1 ,that thou might'st ransomed be1 ,and quickened from the dead4 ,i gave ,my life for thee3 ,what hast thou given for ,me8 ,she thought the verses so poor after she had read them over that she tossed them into a stove4 ,the piece of paper1 however1 fell out untouched by the flames4 ,when she showed the words to her father a few months later1 he was so touched by them he immediately composed a tune by which they could be sung4 ,this seems to have been one of the great turning points in the life of the young hymnist4 ,her hymns from this period reveal her as a fully surrendered soul1 her one ambition being to devote all her talents to ,christ4 ,she did not consider herself to be a poet of a high order1 but so filled was she with the love of ,christ that her heart overflowed with rapturous praise4 ,indeed1 her hymns may be said to be the record of her own spiritual experiences4 ,always she was proclaiming the evangel of full and free salvation through ,jesus' merits to all who believe4 ,she is often referred to as the consecration poet4 ,this is an allusion to her famous consecration hymn1 written in #ahgd3 ,take my life1 and let it be ,consecrated1 ,lord1 to ,thee4 ,take my moments and my days2 ,let them flow in ceaseless praise4 ,the circumstances that led to the writing of this hymn are interesting4 ,miss ,havergal was spending a few days in a home where there were ten persons1 some of them unconverted1 and the others rather half-hearted ,christians who seemed to derive no joy from their religion4 ,a great desire came upon her that she might be instrumental in bringing them all to true faith in ,christ4 ,her prayer was wonderfully answered1 and on the last night of her stay her heart was so filled with joy and gratitude she could not sleep4 ,instead1 she spent the night writing the consecration hymn4 ,her prayer1 ,take my silver and my gold2 not a mite would ,i withhold1 was not an idle petition with her4 ,in ,august1 #ahgh1 she wrote to a friend3 ,the ,lord has shown me another little step1 and of course ,i have taken it1 with extreme delight4 ',take my silver and my gold1' now means shipping off all my ornaments to the ,church ,missionary ,house 7including a jewel cabinet that is really fit for a countess71 where all will be accepted and disposed of for me4 ,i retain a brooch or two for daily wear1 which are memorials of my dear parents1 also a locket containing a portrait of my dear niece in heaven1 my ,evelyn1 and her two rings2 but these ,i redeem1 so that the whole value goes to the ,church ,missionary ,society4 ,nearly fifty articles are being packed up4 ,i don't think ,i ever packed a box with such pleasure4 ,in addition to her other accomplishments1 ,miss ,havergal was a brilliant linguist1 having mastered a number of modern languages4 ,she was also proficient in ,greek and ,hebrew4 ,her sister records that she always had her ,hebrew ,bible and ,greek ,new ,testament at hand when she read the ,scriptures4 ,the study of the ,bible was one of her chief joys4 ,during summer she began her ,bible reading at seven in the morning1 and in winter at eight o'clock4 ,when1 on cold days1 her sister would beg her to sit near the fire1 she would answer3 ,but then1 ,marie1 ,i can't rule my lines neatly4 ,just see what a find ,i've got4 ,if one only searches1 there are such extraordinary things in the ,bible6 ,her ,bible was freely underscored and filled with notations4 ,she was able to repeat from memory the four ,gospels1 the ,epistles1 ,revelation and all the ,psalms1 and in later years she added ,isaiah and the ,minor ,prophets to the list4 ,miss ,havergal was only forty-two at the time of her death1 on ,june #c1 #ahgi4 ,when her attending physician told her that her condition was serious1 she replied1 ,if ,i am really going1 it is too good to be true6 ,at the bottom of her bed she had her favorite text placed where she could see it3 ,the blood of ,jesus ,christ ,his ,son cleanseth us from all sin4 ,she also asked that these words be inscribed upon her coffin and on her tombstone4 ,once she exclaimed3 ,splendid6 ,to be so near the gates of heaven6 ,and again1 ,so beautiful to go6 ,so beautiful to go6 ,she died while singing3 ,jesus1 ,i will trust ,thee1 ,trust ,thee with my soul2 ,guilty1 lost1 and helpless1 ,thou hast made me whole3 ,there is none in heaven ,or on earth like ,thee2 ,thou hast died for sinners1 ,therefore1 ,lord1 for me6 ,some of the more popular hymns by ,miss ,havergal1 aside from those already mentioned1 are3 ,o ,saviour1 precious ,saviour1 ,i am trusting ,thee1 ,lord ,jesus1 ,thou art coming1 ,o my ,saviour1 ,lord1 speak to me1 that ,i may speak1 and ,singing for ,jesus1 our ,saviour and ,king4 ,while she was writing the hymns that were destined to make her famous1 another remarkable young woman1 ,fanny ,crosby1 ,america's blind hymn-writer1 was also achieving renown by her hymns and songs4 ,miss ,havergal and ,miss ,crosby never met1 but each was an ardent admirer of the other1 and on one occasion the ,english poet sent a very touching greeting to the ,american hymn-writer4 ,it read3 ,dear blind sister over the sea1 ,an ,english heart goes forth to thee4 ,we are linked by a cable of faith and song1 ,flashing bright sympathy swift along3 ,one in the ,east and one in the ,west ,singing for ,him whom our souls love best2 ,singing for ,jesus1 telling ,his love ,all the way to our home above1 ,where the severing sea1 with its restless tide1 ,never shall hinder and never divide4 ,sister6 ,what shall our meeting be1 ,when our hearts shall sing1 and our eyes shall see6 ,the ,emblem ,that ,survives ,in the cross of ,christ ,i glory1 ,towering o'er the wrecks of time2 ,all the light of sacred story ,gathers round its head sublime4 ,when the woes of life o'ertake me1 ,hopes deceive1 and fears annoy1 ,never shall the cross forsake me2 ,lo6 it glows with peace and joy4 ,when the sun of bliss is beaming ,light and love upon my way1 ,from the cross the radiance streaming ,adds new luster to the day4 ,bane and blessing1 pain and pleasure1 ,by the cross are sanctified2 ,peace is there that knows no measure1 ,joys that through all time abide4 ,john ,bowring1 #ahbe4 ,a ,,unitarian ,,who ,,gloried ,,in ,,the ,,cross ,among the great hymns of the cross1 ,sir ,john ,bowring's classic1 ,in the cross of ,christ ,i glory1 occupies a foremost place4 ,this is all the more remarkable when we are reminded that ,bowring was known as a ,unitarian1 a communion which not only denies the deity of ,christ1 but ignores the true significance of the cross4 ,and yet he has given us a hymn that every evangelical ,christian rejoices to sing1 for it is a hymn that magnifies the cross and makes it the very center of the ,christian religion4 ,in justice to ,bowring it ought to be stated that he himself was a devoted and evangelical believer1 and that his connection with the ,unitarian ,church was merely accidental and nominal4 ,when he died1 in #ahgb1 the opening line of his famous hymn was inscribed in bold letters upon his tombstone3 ,in the ,cross of ,christ ,i ,glory ,knowing these things1 every true ,christian will cherish an inner conviction that the man who wrote so beautiful a tribute to ,christ and the cross did not really die but only fell asleep1 trusting in the atoning death of a ,saviour who is ,god4 ,bowring was a learned man1 especially famed as a linguist4 ,he is said to have been able to speak twenty-two languages fluently1 and was able to converse in at least one hundred different tongues4 ,he found special delight in translating poems from other languages4 ,his published works contain translations from ,bohemian1 ,slavonic1 ,russian1 ,servian1 ,polish1 ,slovakian1 ,illyrian1 ,teutonic1 ,esthonian1 ,dutch1 ,frisian1 ,lettish1 ,finnish1 ,hungarian1 ,biscayan1 ,french1 ,provencal1 ,gascon1 ,italian1 ,spanish1 ,portuguese1 ,catalonian and ,galician sources4 ,sir ,john was particularly fond of the study of hymns4 ,even at the age of eighty years he was said to begin the day with some new song of thanksgiving4 ,in addition to all his other accomplishments1 ,bowring had a very distinguished career in ,english politics4 ,he was twice a member of the ,british parliament4 ,later he became consul general for the ,english government at ,hong ,kong1 ,china4 ,during this period he chanced to sail down the ,chinese coast to ,macao1 where nearly #djj years earlier the ,portuguese explorer1 ,vasco da ,gama1 had built an imposing cathedral4 ,the structure had been wrecked by a typhoon1 but the tower still remained1 and surmounting it a great bronze cross1 sharply outlined against the sky4 ,far above the wreckage surrounding it1 the cross seemed to ,bowring to be a symbol of ,christ's ,kingdom1 glorious and eternal1 living through the centuries while other kingdoms have come and gone4 ,so inspired was he by the sight1 the words of the hymn seemed to suggest themselves to him at once1 and in a short while a famous poem had been written4 ,the plan of the hymn is interesting4 ,the first stanza declares the cross of ,christ to be the central fact in divine revelation and the one theme in which the ,christian never ceases to glory4 ,the second stanza pictures the cross as the ,christian's refuge and comfort in time of affliction1 while the third tells how it also adds luster to the days of joy and sunshine4 ,the final stanza summarizes these two ideas1 and the hymn closes by telling of the eternal character of the peace and joy that flow from the cross4 ,an interesting story is told of this hymn in connection with the ,boxer uprising in ,china4 ,all foreigners in ,peking had been besieged by the infuriated ,chinese for several weeks4 ,when the allied troops finally reached the city and the terrible strain was ended1 the ,christian missionaries gathered in the ,temple of ,heaven1 the remarkable pagan shrine where the ,emperor of ,china was accustomed to worship1 and1 lifting up their voices in thanksgiving1 the messengers of the cross sang3 ,in the cross of ,christ ,i glory1 ,towering o'er the wrecks of time2 ,all the light of sacred story ,gathers round its head sublime4 ,sir ,john ,bowring eventually became governor of ,hong ,kong1 and wielded great influence in the ,orient4 ,he did much to promote ,christian benevolences and other enterprises for the good of the peoples in the ,far ,east4 ,when his health began to fail1 his friends warned him to cease some of his activities1 but in vain4 ,his answer was1 ,i must do my work while life remains to me2 ,i may not long be here4 ,he was often gratified to hear his hymns sung at unexpected times and in unusual places4 ,in #ahbe he wrote a poem beginning with the words1 ,watchman1 tell us of the night4 ,he did not know it was being used as a hymn until ten years later1 when he heard it sung by ,christian missionaries in ,turkey4 ,among other hymns of ,bowring that have come into general use is the beautiful one beginning with the words3 ,god is ,love2 ,his mercy brightens ,all the path in which we rove2 ,bliss ,he wakes1 and woe ,he lightens3 ,god is ,wisdom1 ,god is ,love4 ,a ,hymn ,that ,opens ,hearts ,o ,jesus1 ,thou art standing ,outside the fast-closed door1 ,in lowly patience waiting ,to pass the threshold o'er3 ,shame on us1 ,christian brothers1 ,his ,name and sign who bear3 ,o shame1 thrice shame upon us1 ,to keep ,him standing there6 ,o ,jesus1 ,thou art knocking2 ,and lo1 that hand is scarred1 ,and thorns ,thy brow encircle1 ,and tears ,thy face have marred3 ,o love that passeth knowledge1 ,so patiently to wait6 ,o sin that hath no equal1 ,so fast to bar the gate6 ,o ,jesus1 ,thou art pleading ,in accents meek and low1 ,i died for you1 ,my children1 ,and will ye treat ,me so8 ,o ,lord1 with shame and sorrow ,we open now the door2 ,dear ,saviour1 enter1 enter1 ,and leave us nevermore4 ,william ,walsham ,how1 #ahfg4 ,a ,,model ,,hymn ,,by ,a ,,model ,,minister ,it is a significant fact that many of the greatest hymns of the ,church have been written by pastors who have been noted for their zeal in winning souls4 ,their hymns have been a part of their spiritual stratagem to draw the wayward and erring into the gospel net4 ,bishop ,william ,walsham ,how1 one of the more recent hymnists of ,england1 is a shining example of true devotion in a ,christian shepherd4 ,bishop ,how once gave a striking description of the characteristics which he believed should be found in an ideal minister of the gospel4 ,such a minister1 he said1 should be a man pure1 holy1 and spotless in his life2 a man of much prayer2 in character meek1 lowly1 and infinitely compassionate2 of tenderest love to all2 full of sympathy for every pain and sorrow1 and devoting his days and nights to lightening the burdens of humanity2 utterly patient of insult and enmity2 utterly fearless in speaking the truth and rebuking sin2 ever ready to answer every call1 to go wherever bidden1 in order to do good2 wholly without thought of self2 making himself the servant of all2 patient1 gentle1 and untiring in dealing with the souls he would save2 bearing with ignorance1 wilfulness1 slowness1 cowardice1 in those of whom he expects most2 sacrificing all1 even life itself1 if need be1 to save some4 ,those who knew ,how best said it was almost a perfect description of his own life and character4 ,when ,queen ,victoria1 in #ahgi1 made him ,bishop of ,bedford1 with ,east ,london as his diocese1 he was tireless in his efforts to alleviate conditions in that poverty-stricken district4 ,when he first began his work in the slums1 people would point to him and say1 ,there goes a bishop4 ,but as they came to know him better1 they said1 ,there goes the bishop4 ,and finally1 when they learned to love him1 they exclaimed1 ,there goes our bishop4 ,bishop ,how's most celebrated hymn is ,o ,jesus1 ,thou art standing4 ,it is based on the impressive words of the ,saviour in the ,book of ,revelation1 ,behold1 ,i stand at the door1 and knock3 ,if any man hear my voice1 and open the door1 ,i will come in to him1 and will sup with him1 and he with me4 ,though the language of the hymn is commonplace1 there are striking expressions here1 as in ,how's other hymns1 that arrest the attention of the worshiper4 ,in the first stanza we are reminded that there are many nominal ,christians bearing ,his ,name and sign who yet are keeping the waiting1 patient ,saviour outside a fast-closed door4 ,in the succeeding verse we are told that it is sin that bars the gate4 ,then there is the concluding stanza with its gripping appeal1 picturing the surrender of the human heart to the pleading ,christ4 ,the imagery in the hymn was1 no doubt1 suggested by ,holman ,hunt's celebrated painting1 ,the ,light of the ,world4 ,this was executed by ,hunt in #ahee1 while the hymn by ,how was written twelve years later4 ,those who are familiar with the ,hunt masterpiece will remember how it pictures the ,saviour standing patiently and knocking earnestly at a fast-closed door4 ,the high weeds1 the tangled growth of vines1 as well as the unpicked fruit lying on the ground before the door1 suggest that it has not been opened for a long time4 ,a bat is hovering in the vines overhead4 ,ruskin tells us that the white robe worn by the heavenly ,stranger shows us that ,he is a ,prophet1 the jeweled robe and breastplate indicate a ,priest1 and the crown of gold a ,king4 ,the crown of thorns is now bearing leaves for the healing of the nations4 ,in ,his scarred hand ,he carries a lighted lantern1 signifying the ,light of the world4 ,when ,holman ,hunt's picture was first exhibited1 it excited considerable comment4 ,some one1 however1 ventured the criticism that there was a fault in the painting inasmuch as ,hunt had forgotten to indicate a latch on the door4 ,there is no mistake1 said the great artist4 ,i did not put a latch on the outside of the door because it can only be opened from within4 ,the ,lord ,jesus ,christ ,himself cannot enter an unwilling heart2 it must be opened to ,him4 ,he must be invited to enter4 ,bishop ,how's hymn pictures in language what ,holman ,hunt put into his celebrated canvass4 ,o ,jesus1 ,thou art standing is not the only famous hymn written by ,bishop ,how4 ,his lovely ,new ,year's hymn1 ,jesus1 ,name of wondrous love1 and his ,all ,saints' hymn1 ,for all the saints who from their labors rest1 have won a place forever in ,english hymnody4 ,o ,word of ,god ,incarnate1 ,we give ,thee but ,thine own and ,summer suns are glowing also have found their way into a large number of the standard hymn-books4 ,the talented bishop died in the year #ahig1 mourned not only by those who had learned to love him because of his noble ,christian character1 but also by those who had come to know him through his beautiful hymns4 ,with the passing of only three decades since his death1 there is increasing evidence that ,bishop ,how will be numbered among the great hymn-writers of the ,christian ,church4 ,a ,blind ,man's ,hymn of ,faith ,o ,love that wilt not let me go1 ,i rest my weary soul in ,thee3 ,i give ,thee back the life ,i owe1 ,that in ,thine ocean depths its flow ,may richer1 fuller be4 ,o ,light that followest all my way1 ,i yield my flickering torch to ,thee3 ,my heart restores its borrowed ray1 ,that in ,thy sunshine's blaze its day ,may brighter1 fairer be4 ,o ,joy that seekest me through pain1 ,i cannot close my heart to ,thee3 ,i trace the rainbow through the rain1 ,and feel the promise is not vain ,that morn shall tearless be4 ,o ,cross that liftest up my head1 ,i dare not ask to fly from ,thee3 ,i lay in dust life's glory dead1 ,and from the ground there blossoms red ,life that shall endless be4 ,george ,matheson1 #ahhb4 ,,matheson ,,and ,,his ,,song ,,in ,,the ,,night ,the most recent of ,english hymn-writers to gain recognition in the standard hymn-books of the ,church is ,george ,matheson4 ,the fame of this man will probably rest on a single hymn1 ,o ,love that wilt not let me go1 written on a summer evening in #ahhb4 ,a deeper appreciation and understanding will be felt for this hymn when we know that it is truly a song in the night1 for ,matheson was blind when he wrote it4 ,born in ,glasgow1 ,scotland1 ,march #bg1 #ahdb1 ,matheson enjoyed partial vision as a boy4 ,however1 after he entered ,glasgow ,university at the age of fifteen1 his sight began to fail and he became totally blind4 ,nevertheless1 in spite of this handicap1 he was a brilliant scholar and graduated with honor in #ahfa4 ,having decided to enter the ministry1 he remained four additional years for theological studies4 ,it was while he was parish minister at ,innellan1 a seaport summer resort in ,scotland1 that the famous hymn was written4 ,he tells the story in his own words3 ,it was written in the manse of my former parish 7,innellan7 one summer evening in #ahhb4 ,it was composed with extreme rapidity2 it seemed to me that its construction occupied only a few minutes1 and ,i felt myself rather in the position of one who was being dictated to than an original artist4 ,i was suffering from extreme mental distress1 and the hymn was the fruit of pain4 ,many conjectures have been made regarding the cause of the mental distress from which the author was suffering4 ,because of the opening line1 ,o ,love that wilt not let me go1 it has been suggested that ,matheson had been bitterly disappointed in his hopes of marrying a young woman to whom he had become deeply attached4 ,it is said that her refusal to marry him was due to his blindness4 ,although this story cannot be vouched for1 there are many significant hints in the hymn to his sad affliction1 such as the flickering torch and the borrowed ray in the second stanza1 the beautiful thought of tracing the rainbow through the rain in the third stanza1 and the cross referred to in the final stanza4 ,the hymn is so artistically constructed and is so rich in poetic thought and symbolic meaning1 it will well repay careful study4 ,despite his handicap1 ,dr4 ,matheson was blessed with a fruitful ministry4 ,a devoted sister who had learned ,greek1 ,latin and ,hebrew in order to aid him in his theological studies remained his co-worker and helper throughout life4 ,in all of his pastoral calls she was his constant guide4 ,during the early part of his ministry1 he wrote all his sermons in full4 ,he possessed such a remarkable memory that after a sermon had been read to him twice1 he was able to repeat it perfectly4 ,after he had followed this practice for twelve years1 he suffered a complete collapse of memory one ,sunday in the midst of a sermon4 ,unable to proceed1 he calmly announced a hymn and sat down4 ,at the conclusion of the singing he told the congregation what had happened1 and then preached a sermon of great appeal from another text4 ,after a ministry at ,innellan lasting for eighteen years1 he was called as pastor of ,st4 ,bernard's church in ,edinburgh4 ,here he remained for thirteen years1 attracting large multitudes by his preaching4 ,the later years of his life were spent in literary work4 ,he was the author of several volumes in prose1 among them a very fine devotional book called ,moments on the ,mount4 ,he fell asleep ,august #bh1 #aijf1 to await the break of eternity's dawn1 confident in the assurance that 444 the promise is not vain ,that morn shall tearless be4 ,,part ,v ,,american ,,hymnody ,the ,first ,american ,hymn ,i love ,thy ,zion1 ,lord1 ,the house of ,thine abode2 ,the ,church our blest ,redeemer saved ,with ,his own precious blood4 ,i love ,thy ,church1 ,o ,god2 ,her walls before ,thee stand1 ,dear as the apple of ,thine eye1 ,and graven on ,thy hand4 ,for her my tears shall fall2 ,for her my prayers ascend3 ,to her my cares and toil be given1 ,till toils and cares shall end4 ,beyond my highest joy ,i prize her heavenly ways1 ,her sweet communion1 solemn vows1 ,her hymns of love and praise4 ,jesus1 ,thou ,friend divine1 ,our ,saviour and our ,king1 ,thy hand from every snare and foe ,shall great deliverance bring4 ,sure as ,thy truth shall last1 ,to ,zion shall be given ,the brightest glories earth can yield1 ,and brighter bliss of heaven4 ,timothy ,dwight1 #ahjj4 ,,the ,,beginnings ,,of ,,hymnody ,,in ,,america ,the rise of hymnody in ,america ran parallel with the development of hymn-singing in ,england4 ,the ,puritans who came from ,holland in the ,mayflower in #afbj were separatists from the ,church of ,england1 hence they used a psalm-book of their own1 published by ,henry ,ainsworth at ,amsterdam in #afab4 ,this was the book that cheered their souls on the perilous crossing of the ,atlantic and during the hard and trying years that followed their landing at ,plymouth4 ,amid the storm they sang1 ,and the stars heard and the sea2 ,and the sounding aisles of the dim woods rang ,with the anthems of the free4 ,this was also the book that comforted ,priscilla1 when ,john ,alden stole in and found that ,open wide on her lap lay the well-worn psalm-book of ,ainsworth4 ,the later ,puritans who came directly from ,england1 on the other hand1 were not separatists1 hence they brought with them the psalm-book of ,sternhold and ,hopkins1 which was the version of the ,psaltery approved at that time by the ,established ,church4 ,the wretched paraphrases of the ,psalms in both the ,ainsworth and the orthodox version of ,sternhold and ,hopkins eventually led to an insistent demand among the ,new ,england ,puritans for an entirely new psalm-book which should also adhere more closely to the ,hebrew original4 ,the result was the famous ,bay ,psalmist of #afdj1 which was the first book printed in ,british ,america4 ,the ,puritan editors of this first attempt at ,american psalmody cared no more for poetic effect than did their brother versifiers across the waters4 ,this they made quite plain in the concluding words of the ,preface to the ,bay ,psalmist3 ,if therefore the verses are not always so smooth and elegant as some may desire or expect2 let them consider that ,god's ,altar needs not our pollishings3 ,ex4 #bj1 for wee have respected rather a plaine translation1 than to smooth our verses with the sweetness of any paraphrase1 and soe have attended to ,conscience rather than ,elegance1 fidelity rather than poetry1 in translating the hebrew words into english language1 and ,david's poetry into english meetre3 that soe wee may sing in ,sion the ,lords songs of praise according to his own will2 untill hee take us from hence1 and wipe away all our tears1 bid us enter into our masters joye to sing eternall ,halleluiahs4 ,the editors scarcely needed to apprise the worshiper that he should not look for artistic verses1 for a glimpse within its pages was sufficient to disillusion any one who expected to find sacred poetry4 ,the metrical form given the #acgth ,psalm is an example of the ,puritan theologians' contempt for polished language3 ,the rivers on of ,babilon there when wee did sit downe3 yea even then wee mourned1 when wee remembred ,sion4 ,our ,harps wee did hang it amid1 upon the willow tree4 ,because there they that us away led in captivitee1 ,required of us a song1 thus askt mirth3 us waste who laid1 sing us among a ,sions song1 unto us then they said4 ,the lords song sing can wee8 being in strangers land4 ,then let loose her skill my right hand1 if ,i ,jerusalem forget4 ,let cleave my tongue my pallate on1 if minde thee doe not ,i3 if chiefe joyes o'er ,i prize not more ,jerusalem my joye4 ,nevertheless1 strange as it may seem1 the ,bay ,psalmist passed through twenty-seven editions1 and was even reprinted several times abroad1 being used extensively in ,england and ,scotland4 ,gradually1 however1 psalmody began to lose its hold on the ,reformed churches1 both in ,europe and ,america1 and hymnody gained the ascendancy4 ,the publication in #agjg of the epoch-making work of ,isaac ,watts1 ,hymns and ,spiritual ,songs1 was the first step in breaking down the prejudice in the ,calvinistic churches against hymns of human composure4 ,in ,america the ,great ,awakening under ,jonathan ,edwards1 which began in #agcd and which received added impetus from the visit of ,john ,whitefield in #agdj1 also brought about a demand for a happier form of congregational singing4 ,then came the influence of the ,wesleyan revival with its glorious outburst of song4 ,jonathan ,edwards himself1 stern ,puritan that he was1 was finally forced to confess that it was really needful that we should have some other songs than the ,psalms of ,david4 ,accordingly hymn singing grew rapidly in favor among the people4 ,the first attempt to introduce hymns in the authorized psalm-books was made by ,joel ,barlow1 a chaplain in the ,revolutionary ,war4 ,instructed by the ,general ,association of ,congregational ,churches of ,connecticut to revise ,watts' ,psalms of ,david in order to purge them of their ,british flavor1 he was likewise authorized to append to the ,psalms a collection of hymns4 ,he made a selection of seventy hymns1 and the new book was published in #aghf4 ,it was received with delight by the ,presbyterians1 but the ,congregationalists who had sponsored it were thoroughly dissatisfied4 ,as an example of the morbid character of ,puritan theology1 ,edward ,s4 ,ninde has called attention to the fact that while ,barlow failed to include ,wesley's ,jesus1 ,lover of my soul or ,watts' ,when ,i survey the wondrous cross1 he did select such a hymn by ,watts as ,hark1 from the tombs1 a doleful sound1 and another beginning with the lines1 ,my thoughts on awful subjects roll1 ,damnation and the dead4 ,a second attempt to make a complete revision of ,watts' ,psalms of ,david was decided upon by the ,congregational churches1 and this time the task was entrusted to ,timothy ,dwight1 president of ,yale ,college4 ,dwight1 who was a grandson of ,jonathan ,edwards1 was born in #ageb4 ,he entered ,yale at the age of thirteen and graduated with highest honors in #agfi4 ,at the outbreak of the ,revolutionary ,war he was commissioned a chaplain and throughout the conflict he wrote songs to enthuse the ,american troops4 ,in #agie he was elected president of ,yale ,college1 in which position he served his ,alma ,mater for twenty years4 ,dwight exhibited a spirit of bold independence when he added to the revised ,psalms by ,watts a collection of two hundred and sixty-three hymns4 ,of these hymns1 one hundred and sixty-eight were also by ,watts1 indicating the hold which that great hymnist retained on the ,english-speaking world4 ,other hymn-writers represented in ,dwight's book included ,stennett1 ,doddridge1 ,cowper1 ,newton1 ,toplady1 and ,charles ,wesley4 ,only one of the latter's hymns was chosen1 however1 and ,toplady's ,rock of ,ages was not included6 ,dwight himself wrote thirty-three paraphrases of the ,psalms1 but they were so freely rendered that they are properly classified as original hymns4 ,among these is his splendid version of the #acgth ,psalm1 ,i love ,thy ,zion1 ,lord1 which may be regarded as the earliest hymn of ,american origin still in common use today4 ,it is usually dated #ahjj1 which is the year when ,dwight's work was published4 ,dwight1 who will always be remembered as the outstanding figure in the beginnings of ,american hymnody1 died in #ahag4 ,the story of his life is an inspiring one1 illustrating how his heroic qualities conquered despite a thorn in the flesh4 ,a chronicler records that during the greater part of forty years he was not able to read fifteen minutes in the twenty-four hours2 and often1 for days and weeks together1 the pain which he endured in that part of the head immediately behind the eyes amounted to anguish4 ,the ,hymn of a ,wounded ,spirit ,i love to steal awhile away ,from every cumbering care1 ,and spend the hour of setting day ,in humble1 grateful prayer4 ,i love in solitude to shed ,the penitential tear1 ,and all ,his promises to plead ,where none but ,god can hear4 ,i love to think of mercies past1 ,and future good implore1 ,and all my cares and sorrows cast ,on ,him whom ,i adore4 ,i love by faith to take a view ,of brighter scenes in heaven2 ,the prospect doth my strength renew1 ,while here by tempests driven4 ,thus when life's toilsome day is o'er1 ,may its departing ray ,be calm as this impressive hour ,and lead to endless day4 ,phoebe ,hinsdale ,brown1 #ahah4 ,,america',s ,,first ,,woman ,,hymnist ,less than twenty years after ,timothy ,dwight's hymns were published1 a very poor and unpretentious ,american woman began to write lyrics that have been treasured by the ,church until this present day1 nor will they soon be forgotten4 ,her name was ,phoebe ,hinsdale ,brown1 and the story of her life is the most pathetic in the annals of ,american hymnody4 ,as to my history1 she wrote near the end of her life1 it is soon told2 a sinner saved by grace and sanctified by trials4 ,she was born at ,canaan1 ,n4 ,y41 ,may #a1 #aghc4 ,both parents died before she was two years old and the greater part of her childhood was spent in the home of an older sister who was married to a keeper of a county jail4 ,the cruelties and privations suffered by the orphaned child during these years were such that her son in later years declared that it broke his heart to read of them in his mother's diary4 ,she was not permitted to attend school1 and could neither read nor write4 ,she was eighteen years old before she escaped from this bondage and found opportunity to attend school for three months4 ,this was the extent of her education within school walls4 ,in #ahje1 at the age of twenty-two1 she married ,timothy ,h4 ,brown1 a house painter4 ,he was a good man1 but extremely poor4 ,moving to ,ellington1 ,mass41 they lived in a small1 unfinished frame house at the edge of the village4 ,four little children and a sick sister who occupied the only finished room in the house added to the domestic burdens of ,mrs4 ,brown4 ,in the summer of #ahah a pathetic incident occurred that led to the writing of her most famous hymn4 ,there being no place in her crowded home where she might find opportunity for a few moments of quiet prayer and meditation1 she would steal away at twilight to the edge of a neighboring estate1 where there was a magnificent home surrounded by a beautiful garden4 ,as there was seldom any one passing that way after dark1 she afterwards wrote1 ,i felt quite retired and alone with ,god4 ,i often walked quite up to that beautiful garden 444 and felt that ,i could have the privilege of those few moments of uninterrupted communion with ,god without encroaching upon any one4 ,but her movements had been watched1 and one day the lady of the mansion turned on her in the presence of others and rudely demanded3 ,mrs4 ,brown1 why do you come up at evening so near our house1 and then go back without coming in8 ,if you want anything1 why don't you come in and ask for it8 ,mrs4 ,brown tells how she went home1 crushed in spirit4 ,after my children were all in bed1 except my baby1 she continues1 ,i sat down in the kitchen1 with my child in my arms1 when the grief of my heart burst forth in a flood of tears4 ,i took pen and paper1 and gave vent to my oppressed heart in what ,i called ',my ,apology for my ,twilight ,rambles1 addressed to a ,lady4' ,the ,apology1 which was sent to the woman who had so cruelly wounded her began with the lines3 ,yes1 when the toilsome day is gone1 ,and night1 with banners gray1 ,steals silently the glade along ,in twilight's soft array4 ,then continued the beautiful verses of her now famous ,twilight ,hymn3 ,i love to steal awhile away ,from little ones and care1 ,and spend the hours of setting day ,in gratitude and prayer4 ,seven years later1 when ,dr4 ,nettleton was preparing his volume of ,village ,hymns1 he was told that ,mrs4 ,brown had written some verses4 ,at his request she brought forth her ,twilight ,hymn and three other lyrics1 and they were promptly given a place in the collection4 ,only a few slight changes were made in the lines of the ,twilight ,hymn1 including the second line1 which was made to read ,from every cumbering care1 and the fourth line1 which was changed to ,in humble1 grateful prayer4 ,four stanzas were omitted1 otherwise the hymn remains almost exactly in the form of the ,apology4 ,one of the omitted stanzas reveals a beautiful ,christian attitude toward death4 ,mrs4 ,brown wrote3 ,i love to meditate on death6 ,when shall his message come ,with friendly smiles to steal my breath ,and take an exile home8 ,one of the other hymns by ,mrs4 ,brown included in ,village ,hymns is a missionary lyric1 ,go1 messenger of love1 and bear4 ,this was written a year earlier than her ,twilight ,hymn4 ,her little son ,samuel was seven years old at the time1 and the pious mother's prayer was that he might be used of the ,lord in ,his service4 ,it was the period when the ,english-speaking world was experiencing a tremendous revival of interest in foreign missions1 and in her heart she cherished the fond hope that her own boy might become a messenger of the gospel4 ,then came the inspiration for the hymn3 ,go1 messenger of love1 and bear ,upon thy gentle wing ,the song which seraphs love to hear1 ,the angels joy to sing4 ,go to the heart with sin oppressed1 ,and dry the sorrowing tear2 ,extract the thorn that wounds the breast1 ,the drooping spirit cheer4 ,go1 say to ,zion1 ,jesus reigns-- ,by ,his resistless power ,he binds ,his enemies with chains2 ,they fall to rise no more4 ,tell how the ,holy ,spirit flies1 ,as ,he from heaven descends2 ,arrests ,his proudest enemies1 ,and changes them to friends4 ,her prayer was answered4 ,the son1 ,samuel ,r4 ,brown in #ahch sailed as a missionary to ,china1 and eleven years later1 when ,japan was opened to foreigners1 he was transferred to that field4 ,he was the first ,american missionary to the ,japanese4 ,mrs4 ,brown died at ,henry1 ,illinois1 ,october #aj1 #ahfa4 ,she was buried at ,monson1 ,mass41 where some thirty years of her life had been spent4 ,her son1 the missionary1 has written this beautiful tribute to her memory3 ,her record is on high1 and she is with the ,lord1 whom she loved and served as faithfully as any person ,i ever knew2 nay1 more than any other4 ,to her ,i owe all ,i am2 and if ,i have done any good in the world1 to her1 under ,god1 it is due4 ,she seems even now to have me in her hands1 holding me up to work for ,christ and ,his cause with a grasp that ,i can feel4 ,i ought to have been and to be a far better man than ,i am1 having had such a mother4 ,a ,triumphant ,missionary ,hymn ,hail to the brightness of ,zion's glad morning6 ,joy to the lands that in darkness have lain6 ,hushed be the accents of sorrow and mourning1 ,zion in triumph begins her glad reign4 ,hail to the brightness of ,zion's glad morning1 ,long by the prophets of ,israel foretold6 ,hail to the millions from bondage returning6 ,gentiles and ,jews the blest vision behold4 ,lo1 in the desert rich flowers are springing1 ,streams ever copious are gliding along2 ,loud from the mountain-tops echoes are ringing1 ,wastes rise in verdure1 and mingle in song4 ,hark1 from all lands1 from the isles of the ocean1 ,praise to ,jehovah ascending on high2 ,fallen the engines of war and commotion1 ,shouts of salvation are rending the sky4 ,thomas ,hastings4 ,,thomas ,,hastings1 ,,poet ,,and ,,musician ,high among the names of those who in the early days of ,america labored to raise the standard of hymnody must be inscribed the name of ,thomas ,hastings1 ,doctor of ,music4 ,poet and musician by nature1 ,hastings may truly be said to have devoted his entire life to the elevation of sacred song4 ,the story of his life is typical of the struggles and hardships of many ,american pioneers who conquered in spite of the most adverse circumstances4 ,born at ,washington1 ,conn41 ,october #ae1 #aghd1 young ,hastings removed with his parents to ,clinton1 ,n4 ,y41 when he was only twelve years old4 ,the journey was made in ox-sleds through unbroken wilderness in the dead of winter4 ,the frontier schools of those days offered little opportunity for education1 but the eager lad trudged six miles a day to receive the instruction that was given4 ,a passionate fondness for music was first satisfied when he secured a musical primer of four pages costing six pence4 ,the proudest moment in his life came when he was named leader of the village choir4 ,it was not until he was thirty-two years old that ,hastings was able to secure employment as a music teacher1 but from that time until his death1 in #ahgb1 he devoted all his energies to the work he loved4 ,hastings was ever tireless in contending that good music should have a recognized place in religious worship4 ,from #ahbc to #ahcb1 during which time he edited the ,western ,recorder1 in ,utica1 ,n4 ,y41 he had an excellent opportunity to spread his views on music4 ,in the latter year twelve churches in ,new ,york ,city jointly engaged his services as choir director1 and for the remainder of his life ,hastings made the great ,american metropolis his home4 ,though seriously handicapped by eye trouble1 ,hastings produced a prodigious amount of work4 ,it is claimed that he wrote more than one thousand hymn tunes4 ,he also published fifty volumes of church music4 ,some of the finest tunes in our ,american hymnals were composed by him4 ,who has not found inspiration in singing that sweet and haunting melody known as ,ortonville8 ,and how can we ever be sufficiently grateful for the tune called ,toplady1 which has endeared ,rock of ,ages to millions of hearts8 ,besides these there are at least a score of other beautiful hymn tunes that have been loved by the singing ,church for nearly a century1 any one of which would have won for the composer an enduring name4 ,through the composing of tunes1 ,hastings was led to write words for hymns4 ,more than six hundred are attributed to him1 although many were written anonymously4 ,hail to the brightness of ,zion's glad morning is generally regarded as his best hymn4 ,it strikingly reflects the spirit of the missionary age in which ,hastings lived4 ,another very popular and stirring missionary hymn1 written by ,hastings in #ahca1 is a song of two stanzas3 ,now be the gospel banner ,in every land unfurled2 ,and be the shout1 ,hosannah6 ,reechoed through the world2 ,till every isle and nation1 ,till every tribe and tongue1 ,receive the great salvation1 ,and join the happy throng4 ,yes1 ,thou shalt reign forever1 ,o ,jesus1 ,king of kings6 ,thy light1 ,thy love1 ,thy favor1 ,each ransomed captive sings3 ,the isles for ,thee are waiting1 ,the deserts learn ,thy praise1 ,the hills and valleys1 greeting1 ,the songs responsive raise4 ,a hymn with the title1 ,pilgrimage of ,life1 though very simple1 is singularly beautiful and very tender in its appeal4 ,the first stanza reads3 ,gently1 ,lord1 ,o gently lead us1 ,pilgrims in this vale of tears1 ,through the trials yet decreed us1 ,till our last great change appears4 ,hastings did not cease writing and composing hymns until three days before his death4 ,it is said that more of his hymns are found in the standard church hymnals of ,america than those of any other ,american writer4 ,their survival through almost a century is a testimony to their enduring quality4 ,key's ,hymn of ,praise ,lord1 with glowing heart ,i'd praise thee ,for the bliss ,thy love bestows1 ,for the pardoning grace that saves me1 ,and the peace that from it flows4 ,help1 ,o ,god1 my weak endeavor2 ,this dull soul to rapture raise2 ,thou must light the flame1 or never ,can my love be warmed to praise4 ,praise1 my soul1 the ,god that sought thee1 ,wretched wanderer1 far astray2 ,found thee lost1 and kindly brought thee ,from the paths of death away2 ,praise1 with love's devoutest feeling1 ,him who saw thy guilt-born fear1 ,and1 the light of hope revealing1 ,bade the blood-stained cross appear4 ,lord1 this bosom's ardent feeling ,vainly would my lips express2 ,low before ,thy footstool kneeling1 ,deign ,thy suppliant's prayer to bless2 ,let ,thy grace1 my soul's chief treasure1 ,love's pure flame within me raise2 ,and1 since words can never measure1 ,let my life show forth ,thy praise4 ,francis ,scott ,key1 #ahbc4 ,,francis ,,scott ,,key1 ,,patriot ,,and ,,hymnist ,francis ,scott ,key is known to every ,american child as the author of our national anthem1 ,the star spangled banner2 but his fame as a ,christian hymnist has not gone abroad to the same degree4 ,and yet1 as the author of ,lord1 with glowing heart ,i'd praise ,thee1 he ranks among the foremost of ,american hymn-writers4 ,key lived during the stirring days of our country's early history4 ,his father was an officer in the ,continental army who fought with distinction during the ,revolutionary ,war4 ,francis was born at ,frederick1 ,maryland1 ,august #a1 #aggi4 ,after receiving a legal education he began to practice law in ,washington1 and served as ,united ,states district attorney for three terms1 holding that office at the time of his death4 ,the story of how he came to write ,star spangled banner scarcely needs to be repeated4 ,it was during the ,war of #ahab that ,key was authorized by ,president ,madison to visit the ,british fleet near the mouth of the ,potomac in order to obtain the release of a friend who had been captured4 ,the ,british admiral granted ,key's request1 but owing to the fact that an attack was about to be made on ,fort ,mc,henry1 which guarded the harbor of ,baltimore1 ,key and his party were detained all night aboard the truce-boat on which they had come4 ,it was a night of great anxiety4 ,a fierce bombardment continued during the hours of darkness1 and as long as the shore fortifications replied to the cannonading1 ,key and his friends were certain that all was well4 ,toward morning1 the firing ceased1 and they were filled with dark forebodings4 ,the others went below to obtain some sleep1 but ,key continued to pace the deck until the first streaks of dawn showed that the flag was still there4 ,his joy was so unbounded that he seized a piece of paper1 and hastily wrote the words of his famous anthem4 ,it was not completed until later in the day1 when he reached ,baltimore and joined in the victorious joy that filled the city4 ,while ,star spangled banner is not a ,christian hymn1 there are noble sentiments in it that reveal the writer at once as a devout ,christian1 and this was eminently true of ,key4 ,as a member of the ,protestant ,episcopal ,church he held a lay reader's license1 and for many years read the service and visited the sick4 ,he also conducted a ,bible class in ,sunday school4 ,although he lived in a slave state1 he was finally moved by conscientious scruples to free his slaves4 ,he also did much to alleviate conditions among other unfortunate blacks4 ,when the ,protestant ,episcopal ,church in #ahbc appointed a committee to prepare a new hymn-book for that body1 ,key was made a lay member of it4 ,another member of the committee was ,dr4 ,william ,muhlenberg1 who in that same year had published a little hymnal for use in his own congregation4 ,it was in this hymnal1 known as ,church ,poetry1 that ,key's beautiful hymn1 ,lord1 with glowing heart ,i'd praise ,thee1 was first published4 ,in ,dr4 ,muhlenberg's hymn-book the hymn had only three stanzas1 and that is the form in which it has since appeared in all other hymnals4 ,in #aijj1 however1 ,key's autograph copy of the hymn was discovered1 and it was found that the hymn originally had four stanzas4 ,the missing one reads3 ,praise thy ,saviour ,god that drew thee ,to that cross1 new life to give1 ,held a blood-sealed pardon to thee1 ,bade thee look to ,him and live4 ,praise the grace whose threats alarmed thee1 ,roused thee from thy fatal ease1 ,praise the grace whose promise warmed thee1 ,praise the grace that whispered peace4 ,another excellent hymn1 ,before the ,lord we bow1 was written by ,key in #ahcb for a ,fourth of ,july celebration4 ,a bronze statue of ,key1 placed over his grave at ,frederick1 ,md41 shows him with his hand outstretched1 as at the moment when he discovered the flag still there1 while his other hand is waving his hat exultantly4 ,bryant's ,home ,mission ,hymn ,look from ,thy sphere of endless day1 ,o ,god of mercy and of might6 ,in pity look on those who stray ,benighted1 in this land of light4 ,in peopled vale1 in lonely glen1 ,in crowded mart1 by stream or sea1 ,how many of the sons of men ,hear not the message sent from ,thee6 ,send forth ,thy heralds1 ,lord1 to call ,the thoughtless young1 the hardened old1 ,a scattered1 homeless flock1 till all ,be gathered to ,thy peaceful fold4 ,send them ,thy mighty ,word to speak1 ,till faith shall dawn1 and doubt depart1 ,to awe the bold1 to stay the weak1 ,and bind and heal the broken heart4 ,then all these wastes1 a dreary scene ,that makes us sadden1 as we gaze1 ,shall grow with living waters green1 ,and lift to heaven the voice of praise4 ,william ,cullen ,bryant1 #ahdj4 ,,america',s ,,first ,,poet ,,and ,,his ,,hymns ,william ,cullen ,bryant1 ,america's first great poet1 was also a hymn-writer4 ,although he did not devote much of his thought and genius to sacred lyrics1 he wrote at least two splendid hymns that merit a place in every hymn collection4 ,the one1 ,thou1 whose unmeasured temple stands1 is a church dedication hymn of rare beauty2 the other1 ,look from ,thy sphere of endless day1 is unquestionably one of the finest home mission hymns ever written4 ,born at ,cummington1 ,mass41 ,november #c1 #agid1 he was educated at ,williams ,college to be a lawyer4 ,it was his writing of ,thanatopsis as a boy of seventeen years that gave the first notice to the world that ,america had produced a great poet4 ,it is said that when the lines of ,thanatopsis were submitted to ,richard ,h4 ,dana1 editor of the ,north ,american ,review1 he was skeptical4 ,no one on this side of the ,atlantic1 he declared1 is capable of writing such verses4 ,bryant was brought up in a typical ,new ,england ,puritan home4 ,family worship and strict attendance at public worship was the rule in the ,bryant household4 ,every little while the children of the community would also gather in the district schoolhouse1 where they would be examined in the ,catechism by the parish minister1 a venerable man who was loved by old and young alike4 ,while yet a little child ,bryant began to pray that he might receive the gift of writing poetry4 ,no doubt he had been influenced to a large degree in this desire by the fact that his father was a lover of verse and possessed a splendid library of the great ,english poets4 ,the youthful ,bryant was taught to memorize the noble hymns of ,isaac ,watts1 and when he was only five years old he would stand on a chair and recite them to imaginary audiences4 ,early in life ,bryant came under the influence of the ,unitarian doctrines which were then sweeping through ,new ,england as a reaction against the stern1 harsh teachings of ,puritanism4 ,when he was only twenty-six years old he was invited to contribute to a volume of hymns then in course of preparation by the ,unitarians4 ,he responded by writing five hymns4 ,six years later he wrote ,thou1 whose unmeasured temple stands for the dedication of the ,second ,unitarian ,church of ,new ,york ,city4 ,he usually attended the ,first ,congregational ,unitarian ,church of that city4 ,about thirty years later1 however1 when ,bryant was sixty-four years old1 a profound change occurred in his religious convictions4 ,during a trip abroad his wife became critically ill in ,naples4 ,at first her life was despaired of1 but when she finally was on the road to recovery ,bryant sent for a warm friend of the family1 ,rev4 ,r4 ,c4 ,waterston1 who was in ,naples at the time4 ,the latter tells of his meeting with the aged poet in the following words3 ,on the following day1 the weather being delightful1 we walked in the royal park or garden overlooking the ,bay of ,naples4 ,never can ,i forget the beautiful spirit that breathed through every word he 7,bryant7 uttered1 the reverent love1 the confiding trust1 the aspiring hope1 the rooted faith4444 ,he said that he had never united himself with the ,church1 which1 with his present feeling1 he would most gladly do4 ,he then asked if it would be agreeable to me to come to his room on the morrow and administer the communion1 adding that1 as he had never been baptized1 he desired that ordinance at the same time4 ,the day following was the ,sabbath1 and a most heavenly day4 ,in fulfilment of his wishes1 in his own quiet room1 a company of seven persons celebrated together the ,lord's ,supper4444 ,previous to the breaking of bread1 ,william ,cullen ,bryant was baptized4 ,with snow-white head and flowing beard1 he stood like one of the ancient prophets1 and perhaps never1 since the days of the apostles1 has a truer disciple professed allegiance to the divine ,master4 ,twenty years after this experience1 in the last year of the poet's life1 he made some contributions to the ,methodist ,episcopal hymnal4 ,a revision of one of the hymns which he had written in #ahbj for the ,unitarian hymnal reveals his changed attitude toward the ,lord ,jesus ,christ4 ,for the ,unitarian book he had written3 ,deem not that they are blest alone ,whose days a peaceful tenor keep2 ,the ,god who loves our race has shown ,a blessing for the eyes that weep4 ,for the ,methodist hymn-book he changed the third line to read3 ,the anointed ,son of ,god makes known4 ,the hymn was sung in its changed form at the poet's funeral1 as well as another beautiful hymn entitled ,the ,star of ,bethlehem1 written in #ahge for the semi-centennial of the ,church of the ,messiah in ,boston4 ,an ,exquisite ,baptismal ,hymn ,saviour1 who ,thy flock art feeding ,with the shepherd's kindest care1 ,all the feeble gently leading1 ,while the lambs ,thy bosom share4 ,now1 these little ones receiving1 ,fold them in ,thy gracious arm2 ,there1 we know1 ,thy word believing1 ,only there secure from harm4 ,never1 from ,thy pasture roving1 ,let them be the lion's prey2 ,let ,thy tenderness1 so loving1 ,keep them through life's dangerous way4 ,then1 within ,thy fold eternal1 ,let them find a resting place1 ,feed in pastures ever vernal1 ,drink the rivers of ,thy grace4 ,william ,augustus ,muhlenberg1 #ahbf4 ,,the ,,hymn-,,writer ,,of ,,the ,,muhlenbergs ,william ,augustus ,muhlenberg1 one of ,america's early hymn-writers1 came from a most distinguished family4 ,his great grandfather1 ,henry ,melchior ,muhlenberg1 was the patriarch of the ,lutheran ,church in ,america1 having come to these shores from ,germany in #agdb1 and being the founder in that year of the first permanent ,lutheran organization in the new world4 ,a son of the patriarch and grandfather of the hymn-writer bore the name of ,frederick ,augustus ,muhlenberg4 ,he1 too1 was a ,lutheran minister1 but during the stirring days of the ,revolutionary period he entered into the political affairs of the struggling colonies4 ,he was president of the convention which ratified the ,constitution of the ,united ,states and also served as first speaker of the new ,house of ,representatives4 ,his brother1 ,rev4 ,peter ,muhlenberg1 was also a distinguished patriot4 ,when the ,revolution broke out1 he was serving a congregation at ,woodstock1 ,va4 ,it was he who stood in the pulpit of his church and1 throwing aside his clerical robe1 stood revealed in the uniform of a ,continental colonel4 ,there is a time to preach and a time to pray1 he cried1 but these times have passed away4 ,there is a time to fight1 and that time has now come6 ,thereupon he called upon the men of his congregation to enlist in his regiment4 ,before the war ended he had risen to the rank of major general4 ,william ,augustus ,muhlenberg1 the hymn-writer1 was born in ,philadelphia in #agif4 ,since the ,german language was then being used exclusively in the ,german ,lutheran churches1 he and his little sister were allowed to attend ,christ ,episcopal ,church4 ,in this way ,william ,augustus drifted away from the ,church of his great forbears1 and when he grew up he became a clergyman in the ,episcopal communion4 ,it is evident that ,muhlenberg brought something of the spirit of the singing church into the church of his adoption1 for in #ahba he issued a tract with the title1 ,a ,plea for ,christian ,hymns4 ,it appears that the ,episcopal ,church at this time was using a prayer-book that included only fifty-seven hymns1 and no one felt the poverty of his ,church in this respect more keenly than did ,muhlenberg4 ,two years later the ,general ,convention of the ,episcopal body voted to prepare a hymn-book1 and ,muhlenberg was made a member of the committee4 ,one of his associates was ,francis ,scott ,key1 author of ,star spangled banner4 ,as a member of the committee ,muhlenberg contributed four original hymns to the new collection4 ,they were ,i would not live alway1 ,like ,noah's weary dove1 ,shout the glad tidings1 triumphantly sing1 and ,saviour1 who ,thy flock art leading4 ,the latter is a baptism hymn and is one of the most exquisite lyrics on that theme ever written4 ,although ,muhlenberg never married1 he had a very deep love for children4 ,no service seemed so hallowed to him as the baptism of a little child4 ,it is said that shortly after his ordination1 when asked to officiate at such a rite1 ,muhlenberg flushed and hesitated1 and then asked a bishop who was present to baptize the babe4 ,the latter1 however1 insisted that the young clergyman should carry out the holy ordinance1 and from that day there was no duty that afforded ,muhlenberg more joy4 ,muhlenberg often expressed regret that he had written ,i would not live alway4 ,it seems that the poem was called into being in #ahbd1 following a heart-breaking disappointment in the matter of love4 ,muhlenberg was a young man at the time1 and in his later years he sought to alter it in such a way that it would breathe more of the hopeful spirit of the ,new ,testament4 ,he contended that ,paul's words1 ,for me to live is ,christ were far better than ,job's lament1 ,i would not live alway4 ,however1 the hymn as originally written had become so fixed in the consciousness of the ,church1 that all efforts of the author to revise it were in vain4 ,nearly all the hymns of ,muhlenberg that have lived were written during his earlier years4 ,his later ministry centered in ,new ,york ,city1 where he was head of a boys' school for a number of years1 and later rector of the ,church of the ,holy ,communion4 ,he soon became an outstanding leader in the great metropolis4 ,after having founded ,st4 ,luke's hospital1 the first church institution of its kind in ,new ,york ,city1 he spent the last twenty years of his life as its superintendent4 ,his death occurred when he was past eighty years4 ,it is said that when the end was drawing near1 the hospital chaplain came to his bedside to pray for his recovery4 ,let us have an understanding about this1 said the dying ,muhlenberg4 ,you are asking ,god to restore me and ,i am asking ,god to take me home4 ,there must not be a contradiction in our prayers1 for it is evident that ,he cannot answer them both4 ,the ,way1 the ,truth1 and the ,life ,thou art the ,way2 to ,thee alone ,from sin and death we flee1 ,and he who would the ,father seek1 ,must seek ,him1 ,lord1 by ,thee4 ,thou art the ,truth2 ,thy ,word alone ,sound wisdom can impart2 ,thou only canst inform the mind1 ,and purify the heart4 ,thou art the ,life2 the rending tomb ,proclaims ,thy conquering arm2 ,and those who put their trust in ,thee ,nor death nor hell shall harm4 ,thou art the ,way1 the ,truth1 the ,life2 ,grant us that ,way to know1 ,that ,truth to keep1 that ,life to win ,whose joys eternal flow4 ,george ,washington ,doane1 #ahbd4 ,,the ,,lyrics ,,of ,,bishop ,,doane ,critics will forever disagree on the subject of the relative merits of great hymns4 ,bishop ,george ,washington ,doane's fine hymn1 ,thou art the ,way2 to ,thee alone1 has been declared by some to be the foremost of all hymns written by ,american authors4 ,dr4 ,breed1 on the other hand1 declares that it is by no means the equal of other hymns by ,doane4 ,another authority observes that it rather stiffly and mechanically paraphrases the passage on which it is founded1 while ,edward ,s4 ,ninde rejects this conclusion by contending that although metrical expositions of ,scriptures are apt to be stilted and spiritless 444 this one is a success4 ,ninde1 however1 does not agree that it is the first of ,american hymns1 reserving this honor1 as do most critics1 for ,ray ,palmer's ,my faith looks up to ,thee4 ,bishop ,doane was born in ,trenton1 ,n4 ,j41 ,may #bg1 #agii4 ,this was the year in which ,george ,washington died4 ,the future hymn-writer was named after the great patriot4 ,at the age of nineteen he was graduated by ,union ,college with the highest scholastic honors4 ,after teaching for a season1 he became pastor of ,trinity ,episcopal ,church1 ,boston1 ,mass41 the church afterwards made famous by ,phillips ,brooks4 ,when only thirty-three years old he was elevated to the bishopric of ,new ,jersey1 which position he held until his death in #ahei4 ,by this time he had already won fame as a hymn-writer4 ,it was in #ahbd1 at the age of twenty-five1 that ,doane published a little volume of lyrics entitled ,songs by the ,way4 ,one of the hymns in this collection was the beautiful paraphrase1 ,thou art the ,way2 to ,thee alone4 ,this hymn alone would have been sufficient to have perpetuated the name of the young poet1 but there was another gem in the same collection that will always be treasured by those who love ,christian song4 ,it is the exquisite evening hymn3 ,softly now the light of day ,fades upon my sight away2 ,free from care1 from labor free1 ,lord1 ,i would commune with ,thee4 ,among the many achievements of this versatile bishop was the founding of ,saint ,mary's ,hall1 a school for young women1 at ,burlington1 ,n4 ,j4 ,doane lies buried in the neighboring churchyard1 and it is said that the students on every ,wednesday evening at chapel services sing ,softly now the light of day as a memorial tribute to the founder of the institution4 ,both of these hymns were quickly recognized as possessing unusual merit1 and almost immediately found their way into ,christian hymn-books4 ,today there is scarcely a hymnal published in the ,english language that does not contain them4 ,but ,bishop ,doane's fame does not rest on these two hymns alone4 ,he was destined to write a third one1 equally great but of a very different character from the other two4 ,it is the stirring missionary hymn3 ,fling out the banner6 let it float ,skyward and seaward1 high and wide2 ,the sun that lights its shining folds1 ,the cross1 on which the ,saviour died4 ,it was written in #ahdh in response to a request from the young women of ,st4 ,mary's ,hall for a hymn to be used at a flag-raising4 ,the third stanza is one of rare beauty3 ,fling out the banner6 heathen lands ,shall see from far the glorious sight1 ,and nations1 crowding to be born1 ,baptize their spirits in its light4 ,the hymn1 as may be surmised1 is based on the passage from the ,psaltery3 ,thou hast given a banner to them that fear thee1 that it may be displayed because of the truth4 ,bishop ,doane was a zealous advocate of missions4 ,it was during his childhood that the modern missionary movement had its inception and swept like a tidal wave over the ,christian world4 ,fling out the banner is a reflection of the remarkable enthusiasm that filled his own soul and that revealed itself in his aggressive missionary leadership4 ,indeed1 he became known in his own ,church as the missionary bishop of ,america4 ,a son1 ,william ,c4 ,doane1 also became one of the most distinguished bishops of the ,episcopal ,church4 ,writing of his father's rare gifts as a hymnist1 he declares that his heart was full of song4 ,it oozed out in his conversation1 in his sermons1 in everything that he did4 ,sometimes in a steamboat1 often when the back of a letter was his only paper1 the sweetest things came4 ,the ,quaker ,poet's ,prayer ,dear ,lord and ,father of mankind1 ,forgive our feverish ways2 ,reclothe us in our rightful mind1 ,in purer lives ,thy service find1 ,in deeper reverence1 praise4 ,in simple trust like theirs who heard1 ,beside the ,syrian sea1 ,the gracious calling of the ,lord1 ,let us1 like them1 without a word ,rise up and follow ,thee4 ,o ,sabbath rest by ,galilee6 ,o calm of hills above1 ,where ,jesus knelt to share with ,thee ,the silence of eternity ,interpreted by love4 ,drop ,thy still dews of quietness1 ,till all our strivings cease2 ,take from our souls the strain and stress1 ,and let our ordered lives confess ,the beauty of ,thy peace4 ,breathe through the heat of our desire ,thy coolness and ,thy balm2 ,let sense be dumb1 let flesh retire1 ,speak through the earthquake1 wind1 and fire1 ,o still1 small voice of calm4 ,john ,greenleaf ,whittier1 #ahgb4 ,,the ,,quaker ,,poet ,,as ,a ,,hymn-,,writer ,of all ,american poets1 there is none who is so genuinely loved as ,john ,greenleaf ,whittier4 ,a man of the people1 a true ,american1 and full of the milk of human kindness1 ,whittier's poetry reflects so much of his own character that it will never lose its singular charm and beauty4 ,whittier's life is a story of struggle4 ,he was born of humble ,quaker parents at ,haverhill1 ,mass41 ,december #ag1 #ahjg4 ,instead of receiving the advantages of an education1 he knew of nothing but drudgery and hard work throughout his childhood4 ,but the poetic spark was in him even as a child4 ,one day1 when a small boy1 he sat before the kitchen fire and wrote on his slate3 ,and must ,i always swing the flail ,and help to fill the milking pail8 ,i wish to go away to school2 ,i do not wish to be a fool4 ,no doubt it was the memory of these childhood experiences that later inspired him to write with such depth of feeling and understanding the lines of ,the ,barefoot ,boy3 ,blessings on thee1 little man1 ,barefoot boy1 with cheek of tan6 ,with thy turned-up pantaloons1 ,and thy merry whistled tunes2 ,with thy red lips1 redder still ,kissed by strawberries on the hill2 ,with the sunshine on thy face1 ,through thy torn brim's jaunty grace3 ,from my heart ,i give thee joy-- ,i was once a barefoot boy6 ,through hard work he managed to save enough to attend ,haverhill academy two seasons4 ,though this was the extent of his scholastic training1 he never ceased to be a student4 ,a wandering ,scotchman who chanced to visit the quiet ,quaker home and sang such rollicking 767 lyrics as ,bonny ,doon1 ,highland ,mary1 and ,auld ,lang ,syne kindled the boy's imagination4 ,he immediately borrowed a copy of ,burns' poems from the village schoolmaster1 and now for the first time he seriously began to think of becoming a poet4 ,when he was only twenty-five years old he had already begun to attract attention by his poetry4 ,he had also achieved some success in politics and was planning to run for ,congress4 ,soon1 however1 came the call of the ,abolition movement1 and ,whittier1 always true to his ,quaker conception of the inner voice1 determined to sacrifice all of his political ambitions to become a champion of the slaves4 ,it was not long before he was recognized as preeminently the poet of anti-slavery1 as ,phillips was its orator1 ,mrs4 ,stowe its novelist1 and ,sumner its statesman4 ,the fervor with which he threw himself into the cause may be seen reflected in the stirring lines of his poems written in those days1 notably ,the ,star of ,bethlehem4 ,however1 since his anti-slavery poems are more vehement than inspiring1 and as the events which suggested them were temporary1 they will be read with constantly waning interest4 ,the vigor with which he espoused the ,abolition cause stirred up deep resentment among his enemies4 ,at ,philadelphia1 where he published ,the ,pennsylvania ,free-man1 the office of the paper was attacked by a mob and burned4 ,but ,whittier was not dismayed4 ,when ,daniel ,webster in #ahej made his notable defense of the ,fugitive ,slave law in the ,united ,states senate1 ,whittier wrote ,ichabod in reply4 ,at a time when the ,abolition movement seemed to be losing1 rather than gaining1 ground1 the poet gave expression to his faith in ,god in the beautiful poem1 ,seed-,time and ,harvest4 ,his duty1 as he saw it1 was to sow the seed2 ,god would take care of the harvest4 ,because the ,quakers do not sing in their services1 ,whittier knew little of music4 ,however1 he once wrote3 ,a good hymn is the best use to which poetry can be devoted1 but ,i do not claim that ,i have succeeded in composing one4 ,and yet1 the poems of ,whittier1 notably ,our ,master and ,the ,eternal ,goodness1 have been the source of some of the finest hymns in the ,english language4 ,there are at least seventy-five hymns now in use that bear his name4 ,practically all of them are extracts from longer poems4 ,dear ,lord and ,father of mankind1 ,i bow my forehead to the dust1 and ,we need not climb the heavenly steeps are among the best loved of ,whittier's hymns4 ,probably his most famous poem is ,snowbound4 ,whittier died in #ahib4 ,his last words were1 ,love--love to all the world4 ,a friend bent over the dying man and whispered the words of his poem1 ,at ,last4 ,palmer's ,famous ,hymn ,my faith looks up to ,thee1 ,thou ,lamb of ,calvary1 ,saviour divine2 ,now hear me while ,i pray1 ,take all my guilt away1 ,o let me from this day ,be wholly ,thine4 ,may ,thy rich grace impart ,strength to my fainting heart1 ,my zeal inspire2 ,as ,thou hast died for me1 ,o may my love for ,thee ,pure1 warm1 and changeless be1 ,a living fire4 ,when life's dark maze ,i tread1 ,and griefs around me spread1 ,be ,thou my ,guide2 ,bid darkness turn to day1 ,wipe sorrow's tears away1 ,nor let me ever stray ,from ,thee aside4 ,when ends life's transient dream1 ,when death's cold1 sullen stream ,shall o'er me roll1 ,blest ,saviour1 then1 in love1 ,fear and distrust remove2 ,o bear me safe above1 ,a ransomed soul4 ,ray ,palmer1 #ahcj4 ,,america',s ,,greatest ,,hymn ,,and ,,its ,,author ,although a number of ,america's great poets wrote hymns1 it was not given to any one of them to compose ,america's finest ,christian lyric4 ,bryant wrote ,look from ,thy sphere of endless day1 ,whittier was the author of ,dear ,lord and ,father of mankind1 ,holmes composed ,o ,love ,divine1 that stooped to share1 and ,longfellow has given us ,i heard the bells of ,christmas day2 but1 beautiful as these hymns are1 none of them can compare with ,my faith looks up to ,thee4 ,this1 the most precious contribution which ,american genius has yet made to the hymnology of the ,christian ,church1 came from the pen of a very humble but gifted minister1 ,ray ,palmer4 ,palmer1 who was born at ,little ,compton1 ,r4 ,i41 ,november #ab1 #ahjh1 was a direct descendant of ,john ,alden and his good wife1 ,priscilla4 ,one of his forebears was ,william ,palmer1 who came to ,plymouth in #afba4 ,through pressure of poverty ,ray found it necessary to leave home at the age of thirteen1 after having received a grammar education4 ,for two years he clerked in a ,boston dry goods store1 during which time he passed through some deep spiritual experiences1 with the result that he gave his heart to ,god4 ,friends who recognized unusual gifts in the young man urged him to attend school4 ,eventually he graduated from ,phillips ,andover ,academy and from ,yale4 ,for a while he taught in ,new ,york and ,new ,haven1 but in #ahce he was ordained to the ,congregational ministry4 ,he served a congregation in ,bath1 ,maine1 for fifteen years1 and another at ,albany1 ,n4 ,y41 for a like period1 after which he became ,corresponding ,secretary of the ,american ,congregational ,union1 a position which he held until #ahgh1 when he was compelled to retire because of failing health4 ,it was while he was teaching in ,new ,york ,city that ,my faith looks up to ,thee was written4 ,he was only twenty-two years old at the time1 and he had no thought when writing it that he was composing a hymn for general use4 ,he tells in his own account of the hymn how he had been reading a little ,german poem of two stanzas1 picturing a penitent sinner before the cross4 ,deeply moved by the lines1 he translated them into ,english1 and then added the four stanzas that form his own hymn4 ,the words of the hymn1 he tells us1 were born out of his own spiritual experience4 ,i gave form to what ,i felt1 by writing1 with little effort1 the stanzas1 he said4 ,i recollect ,i wrote them with very tender emotion1 and ended the last lines with tears4 ,a ransomed soul6 ,who would not have been moved to deep emotion after having written a poem with such a sublime closing line6 ,this happened in the year #ahcb1 almost a hundred years ago4 ,palmer copied the poem into a little note-book which he constantly carried in his pocket4 ,frequently he would read it as a part of his private devotion4 ,it never seemed to occur to him that it might some day be used as a hymn4 ,but ,god was watching over that little poem4 ,one day as ,palmer was walking along the busy streets of ,boston1 he chanced to meet ,lowell ,mason1 the famous musician and composer of ,savannah1 ,ga4 ,mason was compiling a hymn-book at the time and asked ,palmer1 who had established something of a reputation as a poet1 if he could give him some words for which he could compose music4 ,palmer remembered the poem in his note-book1 and1 while the two men stepped into a nearby store1 a copy of the poem was made and given to ,mason4 ,when the two men met again a few days later1 ,mason exclaimed3 ,dr4 ,palmer1 you may live many years and do many good things1 but ,i think you will be best known to posterity as the author of ',my faith looks up to ,thee4' ,mason wrote the beautiful tune known as ,olivet for the hymn1 and perhaps the music contributed as much as the words to endear it to the hearts of millions4 ,certainly here is an instance where words and music are wedded1 and should never be parted asunder4 ,palmer wrote many other splendid hymns4 ,some of his most famous are translations from the ,latin4 ,his rendering of the noted hymn of ,bernard of ,clairvaux1 ,o ,jesus1 ,joy of loving hearts1 is a gem of wondrous beauty4 ,it has become a favorite communion hymn4 ,in his ministry ,palmer laid much emphasis on the ,lord's ,supper1 and many of his hymns were written for communion services4 ,he once said1 in a communion address3 ,when the cares and the business of life have hurried me hither and thither with no little distraction of mind1 ,i love to come back again1 and sit down before the cross1 and gaze on the blessed ,sufferer with silent1 tender memories4 ,it is like coming once more into the sunshine after long walking through gloom and mist4 ,palmer's whole life was characterized by a warm1 almost passionate1 devotion to ,christ4 ,his faith in the ,saviour was so childlike and strong that it enabled him to rise above all external burdens and trials4 ,something of his personal love to ,christ may be seen beautifully reflected in his hymn1 ,jesus1 these eyes have never seen1 which was his own favorite and which many regard as inferior only to ,my faith looks up to ,thee4 ,it is such an appealing lyric1 we feel we must quote it in full4 ,jesus1 these eyes have never seen ,that radiant form of ,thine6 ,the veil of sense hangs dark between ,thy blessed face and mine6 ,i see ,thee not1 ,i hear ,thee not1 ,yet art ,thou oft with me6 ,and earth hath ne'er so dear a spot ,as where ,i meet with ,thee4 ,like some bright dream that comes unsought1 ,when slumbers o'er me roll1 ,thine image ever fills my thought1 ,and charms my ravished soul4 ,yet though ,i have not seen1 and still ,must rest in faith alone1 ,i love ,thee1 dearest ,lord1 and will1 ,unseen1 but not unknown4 ,when death these mortal eyes shall seal1 ,and still this throbbing heart1 ,the rending veil shall ,thee reveal1 ,all glorious as ,thou art4 ,palmer looked upon his hymns as gifts from heaven1 and therefore he refused to accept money for their use4 ,he insisted1 however1 that those who published his hymns should print them exactly as they were written4 ,he regarded the somewhat common practice of tampering with texts as immoral4 ,palmer died in #ahhg4 ,on the day before he breathed his last1 he was heard repeating feebly the last stanza of his favorite hymn3 ,when death these mortal eyes shall seal1 ,and still this throbbing heart1 ,the rending veil shall ,thee reveal1 ,all glorious as ,thou art4 ,a ,hopeful ,missionary ,lyric ,the morning light is breaking2 ,the darkness disappears2 ,the sons of earth are waking ,to penitential tears2 ,each breeze that sweeps the ocean ,brings tidings from afar1 ,of nations in commotion1 ,prepared for ,zion's war4 ,see heathen nations bending ,before the ,god we love1 ,and thousand hearts ascending ,in gratitude above2 ,while sinners1 now confessing1 ,the gospel call obey1 ,and seek the ,saviour's blessing1 ,a nation in a day4 ,blest river of salvation1 ,pursue thine onward way2 ,flow thou to every nation1 ,nor in thy richness stay2 ,stay not till all the lowly ,triumphant reach their home3 ,stay not till all the holy ,proclaim3 ,the ,lord is come6 ,samuel ,francis ,smith1 #ahcb4 ,,samuel ,,smith1 ,a ,,patriotic ,,hymn-,,writer ,nearly a century has now elapsed since our national hymn1 ,america1 was written1 and1 despite all efforts to displace it by other anthems1 it seems to retain its hold on the hearts of the people4 ,samuel ,francis ,smith will always be gratefully remembered as the author of this hymn1 but we should not lose sight of the fact that the ,new ,england pastor who gave his country such an inspiring patriotic song has also given to the ,christian ,church some of the choicest gems in her hymnody4 ,associated with ,my country1 'tis of thee will be the stirring missionary hymn1 ,the morning light is breaking1 the two being regarded as the foremost of ,dr4 ,smith's poetical works4 ,both were written in the winter of #ahcb1 when he was only twenty-four years old4 ,he was a student at ,andover ,theological ,seminary at the time4 ,altogether ,dr4 ,smith contributed nearly #aej hymns to ,american hymnody1 many of them on missionary themes4 ,they were written in an era that witnessed a remarkable revival of interest in foreign missions4 ,the famous ,haystack ,meeting at ,williams ,college1 which marked the beginning of the modern missionary movement in ,america1 was held in #ahjf1 just two years before ,smith was born4 ,smith himself1 while a theological student at ,andover1 caught the spirit of the times and felt constrained to become a missionary4 ,at this time reports came from ,adoniram ,judson in ,burmah that1 after years of painful disappointment and failure1 the light was breaking1 and multitudes were turning to ,christ4 ,smith was fired with hopeful enthusiasm1 and it was in this spirit of glad exultation that he sat down to write his immortal missionary hymn3 ,the morning light is breaking1 ,the darkness disappears2 ,the sons of earth are waking ,to penitential tears4 ,many other missionary hymns came from the gifted writer in succeeding years1 and immediately after his graduation from ,andover he became editor of a missionary magazine1 through which he wielded a great influence4 ,when the ,lone ,star mission in ,india was in danger of being abandoned because of lack of funds1 ,smith did much to save it by writing a poem with the title1 ,lone ,star4 ,another missionary hymn by him begins with the line1 ,onward speed thy conquering flight4 ,however1 it does not attain to the poetic heights of ,the morning light is breaking1 which has been compared to ,heber's ,from ,greenland's icy mountains in spiritual fervor and literary merit4 ,another interesting hymn written by ,smith during his student days is called ,the ,missionary's ,farewell4 ,the first stanza reads3 ,yes1 my native land1 ,i love thee2 ,all thy scenes1 ,i love them well2 ,friends1 connections1 happy country1 ,can ,i bid you all farewell8 ,can ,i leave you1 ,far in heathen lands to dwell8 ,although ,dr4 ,smith never carried out his earlier resolve to become a missionary1 he visited many foreign fields and had the satisfaction of hearing his own hymns sung in many tongues4 ,referring to ,the morning light is breaking1 he once wrote3 ,it has been a great favorite at missionary gatherings1 and ,i have myself heard it sung in five or six different languages in ,europe and ,asia4 ,it is a favorite with the ,burmans1 ,karens and ,telugus in ,asia1 from whose lips ,i have heard it repeatedly4 ,a son of the distinguished hymn-writer became a missionary to the ,burmans4 ,dr4 ,smith filled many important pulpits in ,new ,england during his long and illustrious career4 ,at one time he was a professor in modern languages4 ,he was an unusual linguist1 being familiar with fifteen tongues4 ,in #ahid1 a year before his death1 he was still vigorous in mind and body1 writing and preaching1 although he was eighty-six years old4 ,it was in this year that he was found looking around for a textbook that would enable him to begin the study of ,russian4 ,it was in this year1 too1 that he wrote one of his finest hymns1 for a church dedication4 ,founded on ,thee1 our only ,lord1 ,on ,thee1 the everlasting ,rock1 ,thy ,church shall stand as stands ,thy ,word1 ,nor fear the storm1 nor dread the shock4 ,for ,thee our waiting spirits yearn1 ,for ,thee this house of praise we rear2 ,to ,thee with longing hearts we turn2 ,come1 fix ,thy glorious presence here4 ,come1 with ,thy ,spirit and ,thy power1 ,the ,conqueror1 once the ,crucified2 ,our ,god1 our ,strength1 our ,king1 our ,tower1 ,here plant ,thy throne1 and here abide4 ,accept the work our hands have wrought2 ,accept1 ,o ,god1 this earthly shrine2 ,be ,thou our ,rock1 our ,life1 our ,thought1 ,and we1 as living temples1 ,thine4 ,the celebrated hymnist happily has left a personal account of how he wrote ,america4 ,lowell ,mason1 the composer1 had given him a collection of ,german books containing songs for children with the request that ,smith should examine them and translate anything of merit4 ,one dismal day in ,february1 #ahcb1 he wrote long afterward1 about half an hour before sunset1 ,i was turning over the leaves of one of the music books when my eye rested on the tune which is now known as ',america4' ,i liked the spirited movement of it1 not knowing it at that time to be ',god save the ,king4' ,i glanced at the ,german words and saw that they were patriotic1 and instantly felt the impulse to write a patriotic hymn of my own1 adapted to the tune4 ,picking up a scrap of waste paper which lay near me1 ,i wrote at once1 probably within half an hour1 the hymn ',america' as it is now known everywhere4 ,the whole hymn stands today as it stood on the bit of waste paper1 five or six inches long and two and a half wide4 ,dr4 ,smith was a member of the celebrated ,harvard class of #ahbi1 to which ,oliver ,wendell ,holmes also belonged4 ,the latter wrote a poem for one of the class reunions1 in which he referred to the distinguished hymn-writer in the following lines3 ,and there's a nice youngster of excellent pith-- ,fate tried to conceal him by naming him ,smith2 ,but he shouted a song for the brave and the free-- ,just read on his medal1 ',my country1' 'of thee4' ,on ,november #ai1 #ahie1 the venerable pastor and poet was called suddenly to his eternal home4 ,he died as he was taking a train from ,boston to preach in a neighboring town4 ,a ,pearl among ,christmas ,carols ,it came upon the midnight clear1 ,that glorious song of old1 ,from angels bending near the earth ,to touch their harps of gold2 ,peace on the earth1 good will to men1 ,from heaven's all-gracious ,king3 ,the world in solemn stillness lay ,to hear the angels sing4 ,still through the cloven skies they come ,with peaceful wings unfurled1 ,and still their heavenly music floats ,o'er all the weary world2 ,above its sad and lowly plains ,they bend on hovering wing1 ,and ever o'er its ,babel sounds ,the blessed angels sing4 ,and ye1 beneath life's crushing load1 ,whose forms are bending low1 ,who toil along the climbing way ,with painful steps and slow-- ,look now6 for glad and golden hours ,come swiftly on the wing3 ,o rest beside the weary road1 ,and hear the angels sing6 ,for lo6 the days are hastening on ,by prophet-bards foretold1 ,when with the ever-circling years ,comes round the age of gold2 ,when peace shall over all the earth ,its ancient splendors fling1 ,and the whole world send back the song ,which now the angels sing4 ,edmund ,hamilton ,sears1 #ahcd4 ,,two ,,famous ,,christmas ,,hymns ,,and ,,their ,,author ,to be the writer of one great hymn classic on the nativity is an enviable distinction1 but to be the author of two immortal ,christmas lyrics is fame that has probably come to only one man1 and he an ,american4 ,his name was ,edmund ,hamilton ,sears1 and so long as ,christians celebrate ,christmas1 they will sing the two hymns he wrote--,it came upon a midnight clear and ,calm on the listening ear of night4 ,strangely enough1 an interval of sixteen years separated the writing of the two hymns4 ,sears had just graduated from ,union ,college at the age of twenty-four when he wrote ,calm on the listening ear of night4 ,it appeared in the ,boston ,observer1 and was immediately recognized as a poem of unusual merit4 ,oliver ,wendell ,holmes spoke of it as one of the finest and most beautiful hymns ever written4 ,sixteen years elapsed1 and then at ,christmas time in #ahej the ,christian world was delighted to find in the ,christian ,register another lyric1 ,it came upon the midnight clear1 which many believe is superior to the earlier hymn4 ,the language of this hymn is so surpassingly lovely and its movement so rhythmical1 it fairly sings itself4 ,there is1 in fact1 a close resemblance between the two hymns1 and yet they are different4 ,while the earlier hymn is largely descriptive1 the later one is characterized by a note of joyous optimism and triumphant faith4 ,in ,sears' ,sermons and ,songs he published the one at the beginning1 and the other at the close1 of a sermon for ,christmas ,eve on #a ,tim4 #b3f4 ,each of the two hymns had five stanzas in its original form4 ,the fourth stanza of the older hymn is usually omitted4 ,it reads3 ,light on thy hills1 ,jerusalem6 ,the ,saviour now is born2 ,more bright on ,bethlehem's joyous plains ,breaks the first ,christmas morn2 ,and brighter on ,moriah's brow1 ,crowned with her temple-spires1 ,which first proclaim the new-born light1 ,clothed with its orient fires4 ,the stanza omitted from the second ,christmas hymn sounds the only minor note heard in that otherwise hopeful and joyous lyric3 ,yet with the woes of sin and strife ,the world hath suffered long2 ,beneath the angel-strain have rolled ,two thousand years of wrong2 ,and man1 at war with man1 hears not ,the love song which they bring3 ,o hush the noise1 ye men of strife1 ,and hear the angels sing6 ,sears was a native of ,new ,england1 having been born in ,berkshire ,county1 ,massachusetts1 in #ahaj4 ,he completed his theological course at ,harvard ,divinity ,school in #ahcg1 whereupon he entered the ,unitarian ,church1 serving as a pastor for nearly forty years4 ,surprise has often been expressed that a ,unitarian could write such marvelous hymns on the nativity2 but ,sears was a ,unitarian in name rather than in fact4 ,he leaned strongly toward ,swedenborgian teachings1 and believed implicitly in the deity of ,christ4 ,in addition to his hymns1 he wrote a few works in prose4 ,his books on ,regeneration1 ,foregleams of ,immortality1 and ,the ,fourth ,gospel the ,heart of ,christ were widely read in his day4 ,these have now been almost entirely forgotten1 but his two great hymns go singing through the years4 ,they are found in practically all standard hymn-books1 although the final stanza of ,it came upon the midnight clear is often altered4 ,sears died in #ahgf4 ,mrs4 ,stowe's ,hymn ,masterpiece ,still1 still with ,thee1 when purple morning breaketh1 ,when the bird waketh1 and the shadows flee2 ,fairer than morning1 lovelier than the daylight1 ,dawns the sweet consciousness1 ,i am with ,thee6 ,alone with ,thee1 amid the mystic shadows1 ,the solemn hush of nature newly born2 ,alone with ,thee1 in breathless adoration1 ,in the calm dew and freshness of the morn4 ,when sinks the soul1 subdued by toil1 to slumber1 ,its closing eye looks up to ,thee in prayer2 ,sweet the repose beneath ,thy wings o'ershading1 ,but sweeter still to wake and find ,thee there4 ,so shall it be at last1 in that bright morning1 ,when the soul waketh1 and life's shadows flee2 ,o for that hour when fairer than the dawning ,shall rise the glorious thought1 ,i am with ,thee6 ,harriet ,beecher ,stowe1 #ahee ,,harriet ,,beecher ,,stowe ,,and ,,her ,,hymns ,through the fame that her book1 ,uncle ,tom's ,cabin1 brought her1 the name of ,harriet ,beecher ,stowe has become almost a household word on both sides of the ,atlantic4 ,but not many1 perhaps1 are familiar with ,mrs4 ,stowe the hymn-writer4 ,and yet she wrote a number of hymns that are worthy of finding a place in the best of collections4 ,indeed1 for sheer poetic beauty there is probably not a single ,american lyric that can excel ,still1 still with ,thee1 when purple morning breaketh4 ,it was her brother1 ,henry ,ward ,beecher1 who introduced ,mrs4 ,stowe as a hymn-writer1 when he included three of her hymns in the ,plymouth ,collection1 which he edited in #ahfe4 ,one of the three was the hymn mentioned above2 the other two were ,that mystic word of ,thine1 ,o sovereign ,lord and ,when winds are raging o'er the upper ocean4 ,like the ,wesley family in ,england1 the ,beecher family became one of the most famous in religious and literary circles in ,america4 ,harriet ,beecher was born in ,litchfield1 ,conn41 ,june #ad1 #ahab4 ,her father was the noted ,dr4 ,lyman ,beecher1 a distinguished clergyman of his day4 ,her mother1 a very devout ,christian1 died when ,harriet was less than four years of age4 ,her dying prayer was that her six sons might be called into the ministry4 ,that prayer was answered1 and the youngest of them1 ,henry ,ward ,beecher1 who was only a boy when the mother died1 became one of ,america's greatest preachers4 ,we do not know what the dying mother's prayer for her daughter was1 but we do know that ,harriet ,beecher achieved fame such as comes to few women4 ,even as a child she revealed a spiritual nature of unusual depth4 ,an earnest sermon preached by her father when she was fourteen made such an impression on her youthful heart that she determined to give herself wholly to ,christ4 ,she tells of the experience in these words3 ,as soon as my father came home and was seated in his study1 ,i went up to him and fell in his arms1 saying1 ',father1 ,i have given myself to ,jesus1 and ,he has taken me4' ,i never shall forget the expression of his face as he looked down into my earnest childish eyes2 it was so sweet1 so gentle1 and like sunlight breaking out upon a landscape4 ',is it so8' he said1 holding me silently to his heart1 as ,i felt the hot tears fall on my head4 ',then has a new flower blossomed in the kingdom this day4' ,in #ahcb the father removed to ,cincinnati1 ,ohio1 where he became president of ,lane ,theological ,seminary4 ,here ,harriet married ,prof4 ,calvin ,e4 ,stowe1 a member of the faculty4 ,many misfortunes and sorrows came into her life1 but always she was sustained by her strong faith in ,god1 and she bore them with unusual ,christian fortitude4 ,in #ahdi her infant boy was snatched from her by the dreadful cholera scourge4 ,her husband1 broken in health1 was in an ,eastern sanatorium at the time1 and all the cares and anxieties of the household fell upon the shoulders of the brave young wife4 ,a letter written to her husband1 dated ,june #bi1 #ahdi1 gives a graphic description of the plague as it was then raging in ,cincinnati4 ,she wrote3 ,this week has been unusually fatal4 ,the disease in the city has been malignant and virulent4 ,hearse drivers have scarce been allowed to unharness their horses1 while furniture carts and common vehicles are often employed for the removal of the dead4 ,the sable trains which pass our windows1 the frequent indications of crowding haste1 and the absence of reverent decency have1 in many cases1 been most painful4444 ,on ,tuesday1 one hundred and sixteen deaths from cholera were reported1 and that night the air was of that peculiarly oppressive1 deathly kind that seems to lie like lead on the brain and soul4 ,as regards your coming home1 ,i am decidedly opposed to it4 ,under date of ,july #bf1 she wrote again3 ,at last it is over and our dear little one is gone from us4 ,he is now among the blessed4 ,my ,charley--my beautiful1 loving1 gladsome baby1 so loving1 so sweet1 so full of life1 and hope and strength--now lies shrouded1 pale and cold1 in the room below4444 ,i write as though there were no sorrow like my sorrow1 yet there has been in this city1 as in the land of ,egypt1 scarce a house without its dead4 ,this heart-break1 this anguish1 has been everywhere1 and when it will end ,god alone knows4 ,the succeeding years brought other tragedies to the sorely tried family4 ,in #aheg the eldest son1 ,henry1 pride of his mother's heart1 was drowned at the close of his freshman year at ,dartmouth ,college4 ,then came the ,civil ,war with its bloody battles4 ,at ,gettysburg a third son1 ,fred1 was wounded in the head by a piece of shrapnel4 ,although it did not prove fatal1 his mental faculties were permanently impaired4 ,through all these afflictions the marvelous faith of ,mrs4 ,stowe remained firm and unshaken4 ,many years afterwards1 in looking back upon these bitter experiences1 she wrote3 ,i thank ,god there is one thing running through all of them from the time ,i was thirteen years old1 and that is the intense unwavering sense of ,christ's educating1 guiding presence and care4 ,it was in the midst of these dark tragedies that ,mrs4 ,stowe wrote a hymn entitled ,the ,secret4 ,when winds are raging o'er the upper ocean1 ,and billows wild contend with angry roar1 ',tis said1 far down1 beneath the wild commotion1 ,that peaceful stillness reigneth evermore4 ,far1 far beneath1 the noise of tempests dieth1 ,and silver waves chime ever peacefully2 ,and no rude storm1 how fierce soe'er it flieth1 ,disturbs the ,sabbath of that deeper sea4 ,so to the heart that knows ,thy love1 ,o ,purest6 ,there is a temple sacred evermore1 ,and all the babble of life's angry voices ,dies in hushed stillness at its sacred door4 ,far1 far away1 the roar of passion dieth1 ,and loving thoughts rise calm and peacefully2 ,and no rude storm1 how fierce soe'er it flieth1 ,disturbs that deeper rest1 ,o ,lord1 in ,thee6 ,o ,rest of rests6 ,o ,peace serene1 eternal6 ,thou ever livest1 and ,thou changest never2 ,and in the secret of ,thy presence dwelleth ,fulness of joy1 forever and forever4 ,it was the writing of ,uncle ,tom's ,cabin that brought world-wide fame to this unusual mother4 ,the family had moved from ,cincinnati to ,brunswick1 ,maine1 where ,professor ,stowe had accepted a position in the faculty of ,bowdoin ,college4 ,there were six children now and the father's income was meager4 ,in order to help meet the family expenses1 ,mrs4 ,stowe began to write articles for a magazine known as the ,national ,era4 ,she labored under difficulties4 ,if ,i sit by the open fire in the parlor1 she wrote1 my back freezes1 if ,i sit in my bedroom and try to write my head and my feet are cold4444 ,i can earn four hundred dollars a year by writing1 but ,i don't want to feel that ,i must1 and when weary with teaching the children1 and tending the baby1 and buying provisions1 and mending dresses1 and darning stockings1 ,i sit down and write a piece for some paper4 ,the passage of the ,fugitive ,slave ,act aroused the deepest feeling among ,abolitionists in the ,north4 ,while living in ,cincinnati her family had aided the so-called underground railway1 by which runaway slaves were helped in their efforts to reach the ,canadian boundary4 ,now ,mrs4 ,stowe's spirit burned within her4 ,i wish1 she writes at this period1 some ,martin ,luther would arise to set this community right4 ,it was then she conceived the idea of writing ,uncle ,tom's ,cabin4 ,in the month of ,february1 #ahea1 while attending communion service in the college church at ,brunswick1 the scene of the death of ,uncle ,tom passed before her mind like the unfolding of a vision4 ,when she returned home she immediately wrote down the mental picture she had seen4 ,then she gathered her children around her and read what she had written4 ,two of them broke into violent weeping1 the first of many thousands who have wept over ,uncle ,tom's ,cabin4 ,the first chapter was not completed until the following ,april1 and on ,june #e it began to appear in serial form in the ,national ,era4 ,she had intended to write a short tale of a few chapters1 but as her task progressed the conviction grew on her that she had been intrusted with a holy mission4 ,afterwards she said3 ,i could not control the story2 it wrote itself4 ,at another time she remarked3 ,the ,lord himself wrote it1 and ,i was but the humblest of instruments in ,his hand4 ,to ,him alone should be given all the praise4 ,mrs4 ,stowe received #cjj for her serial story6 ,however1 scarcely had the last instalment appeared when a ,boston publisher made arrangements to print it in book form4 ,within one year it had passed through #abj editions1 and four months after the book was off the press the author had received #aj1jjj in royalties4 ,almost in a day ,mrs4 ,stowe had become one of the most famous women in the world1 and the specter of poverty had been banished forever4 ,uncle ,tom's ,cabin exerted a profound influence not only over the ,american people1 but its fame spread to ,europe4 ,the year following its publication ,jenny ,lind came to ,america4 ,asked to contribute to a fund ,mrs4 ,stowe was raising for the purpose of purchasing the freedom of a slave family1 the ,swedish ,nightingale gladly responded1 also writing a letter to ,mrs4 ,stowe in the following prophetic vein3 ,i have the feeling about ',uncle ,tom's ,cabin' that great changes will take place by and by1 from the impression people receive from it1 and that the writer of that book can fall asleep today or tomorrow with the bright1 sweet consciousness of having been a strong means in the ,creator's hand of having accomplished essential good4 ,tributes like this came to ,mrs4 ,stowe from the great and lowly in all parts of the world4 ,concerning ,jenny ,lind's singing1 ,mrs4 ,stowe wrote to her husband from ,new ,york3 ,well1 we have heard ,jenny ,lind1 and the affair was a bewildering dream of sweetness and beauty4 ,her face and movements are full of poetry and feeling4 ,she has the artless grace of a little child1 the poetic effect of a wood-nymph4 ,mrs4 ,stowe died in #ahif at the ripe age of eighty-four4 ,not long before her death she wrote to a friend3 ,i have sometimes had in my sleep strange perceptions of a vivid spiritual life near to and with ,christ1 and multitudes of holy ones1 and the joy of it is like no other joy--it cannot be told in the language of the world4444 ,the inconceivable loveliness of ,christ6444 ,i was saying as ,i awoke3 ',tis joy enough1 my ,all in all1 ,at ,thy dear feet to lie4 ,thou wilt not let me lower fall1 ,and none can higher fly4 ,bishop ,coxe's ,missionary ,hymn ,saviour1 sprinkle many nations1 ,fruitful let ,thy sorrows be2 ,by ,thy pains and consolations ,draw the ,gentiles unto ,thee4 ,of ,thy cross the wondrous story1 ,be it to the nations told2 ,let them see ,thee in ,thy glory1 ,and ,thy mercy manifold4 ,far and wide1 though all unknowing1 ,pants for ,thee each mortal breast3 ,human tears for ,thee are flowing1 ,human hearts in ,thee would rest4 ,thirsting as for dews of even1 ,as the new-mown grass for rain1 ,thee they seek1 as ,god of heaven1 ,thee as ,man1 for sinners slain4 ,saviour1 lo1 the isles are waiting1 ,stretched the hand1 and strained the sight1 ,for ,thy ,spirit1 new-creating1 ,love's pure flame1 and wisdom's light4 ,give the word1 and of the preacher ,speed the foot1 and touch the tongue1 ,till on earth by every creature1 ,glory to the ,lamb be sung4 ,arthur ,cleveland ,coxe1 #ahea4 ,a ,,hymn ,,written ,,on ,,two ,,shores ,saviour1 sprinkle many nations has been called the loveliest of missionary hymns4 ,the praise is scarcely too great4 ,all the elements that make a great hymn are present here4 ,scriptural in language and devotional in spirit1 it is fervent and touching in its appeal and exquisitely beautiful in poetic expression4 ,it was given to the ,church by ,arthur ,cleveland ,coxe1 an ,american bishop1 in #ahea1 and since that time it has made its victorious course around the world4 ,a study of the hymn is interesting4 ,the first stanza at once suggests the words of ,jesus1 uttered in the last week of ,his life1 when ,greek pilgrims in ,jerusalem came seeking for ,him3 ,and ,i1 if ,i be lifted up from the earth1 will draw all men unto me4 ,in the second stanza the author no doubt had in mind the immortal words of ,st4 ,augustine3 ,thou1 ,o ,lord1 hast made me for ,thyself1 and my heart can find no rest till it rest in ,thee4 ,and in the final stanza we find almost an echo of the thought expressed by ,paul in ,romans3 ,how then shall they call on him in whom they have not believed8 and how shall they believe in him of whom they have not heard8 and how shall they hear without a preacher8 ,and how shall they preach1 except they be sent8 as it is written1 ,how beautiful are the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace1 and bring glad tidings of good things6 ,curiously enough1 this beautiful missionary lyric was written on two shores of the ,atlantic4 ,it was on ,good ,friday1 in the year #ahej1 that the first stanza was written by ,bishop ,coxe at his home in ,hartford1 ,conn4 ,for lack of time1 however1 or because the needed inspiration did not come to him the unfinished manuscript was laid aside4 ,the next year he visited ,england1 and one day1 while wandering about the campus of ,magdalen ,college1 ,oxford1 the thought flashed through his mind that he had never completed the hymn4 ,finding a scrap of paper and a pencil1 he sat down to write1 and in a few moments the touching words of the two concluding stanzas were composed1 and the hymn was sent on its way to stir the heart of the world4 ,bishop ,coxe was not primarily a hymn-writer4 ,his fame rests chiefly on his religious ballads4 ,it was in #ahdj1 when a young student of twenty-two1 that he published his first volume1 entitled ,christian ,ballads4 ,these are mostly moral poems1 impressive and challenging in character1 but not usually suitable as hymns4 ,one of them1 however1 bearing the name of ,chelsea1 has yielded the famous hymn1 ,o where are kings and empires now8 ,an interesting story is told concerning this hymn4 ,in #ahgc the ,general ,conference of the ,evangelical ,alliance was held in ,new ,york ,city4 ,it was a period when many scientific objections had been raised regarding the value of prayer1 and many anxious souls were fearful that the faith of the ,church was being shaken to its foundations4 ,president ,woolsey of ,yale ,university gave the opening address4 ,after he had referred to the wave of skepticism that had swept over the world1 particularly in regard to prayer1 he looked out upon the assembly with a quiet1 confident smile lighting his features1 and then quoted the first stanza of ,bishop ,coxe's hymn3 ,o where are kings and empires now1 ,of old that went and came8 ,but1 ,lord1 ,thy church is praying yet1 ,a thousand years the same4 ,for a moment1 writes an eye-witness1 there was silence4 ,in another moment the full significance of the reference had flashed on every mind1 and the response was instantaneous and universal4 ,shouts1 waving of handkerchiefs1 clapping of hands1 stamping of feet--,i never knew anything like it4 ,round after round continued1 until the storm of applause ended in a burst of grateful tears4 ,no one doubted that the ,church still believed in prayer and that the tempest had passed without the loss of a sail4 ,in the same volume of ,christian ,ballads there appears another little poem1 most appealing in its simplicity3 ,in the silent midnight-watches1 ,list--thy bosom door6 ,how it knocketh1 knocketh1 knocketh1 ,knocketh1 evermore6 ,say not 'tis thy pulse is beating3 ',tis thy heart of sin2 ',tis thy ,saviour knocks1 and crieth1 ,rise1 and let ,me in6 ,for a time ,coxe gave promise of becoming the ,john ,keble of ,america1 but after his election as a bishop in the ,episcopal ,church1 pressing duties interfered with his literary work1 and in later years he wrote few poems4 ,bishop ,coxe was the son of a noted ,presbyterian minister1 ,rev4 ,samuel ,h4 ,cox4 ,he was born in ,menham1 ,n4 ,j41 in #ahah4 ,after his graduation from the ,university of the ,city of ,new ,york1 he decided to leave the ,presbyterian ,church and to enter the ,episcopalian fold4 ,at the same time he added an e to the end of his name1 much to his father's displeasure6 ,he died in #ahif at the age of seventy-eight years4 ,the ,hymn of a ,consecrated ,woman ,more love to ,thee1 ,o ,christ1 ,more love to ,thee2 ,hear ,thou the prayer ,i make ,on bended knee2 ,this is my earnest plea1 ,more love1 ,o ,christ1 to ,thee1 ,more love to ,thee4 ,once earthly joy ,i craved1 ,sought peace and rest2 ,now ,thee alone ,i seek1 ,give what is best2 ,this all my prayer shall be1 ,more love1 ,o ,christ1 to ,thee1 ,more love to ,thee4 ,then shall my latest breath ,whisper ,thy praise2 ,this be the parting cry ,my heart shall raise2 ,this still its prayer shall be1 ,more love1 ,o ,christ1 to ,thee1 ,more love to ,thee4 ,elizabeth ,payson ,prentiss1 #ahef4 ,a ,,hymn ,,that ,,grew ,,out ,,of ,,suffering ,the fruits of a sanctified life are often seen long after the person who lived that life has ceased from earthly strivings4 ,this was true in a very special sense of ,elizabeth ,payson ,prentiss1 author of ,more love to ,thee1 ,o ,christ4 ,although it is fifty years since ,mrs4 ,prentiss went home to glory1 her beautiful ,christian life still radiates its spirit of trust and hope through her hymns and devotional writings4 ,as a child she was blessed with an unusual home4 ,her father1 ,edward ,payson1 was one of ,new ,england's most famous clergymen1 revered and beloved by thousands because of his saintly life4 ,it is said that after his death the name of ,edward ,payson was given in baptism to thousands of children whose parents had been blessed through his consecrated ministry4 ,the daughter1 who was born in #ahah1 was much like her father4 ,spiritually minded from childhood1 she possessed unusual gifts as a writer4 ,when she was only sixteen years old she contributed verses and prose to ,the ,youth's ,companion4 ,later she taught school at ,portland1 ,me41 her birthplace1 and in ,ipswich1 ,mass41 and ,richmond1 ,va41 at each place being greatly beloved by her pupils4 ,in #ahde she became the bride of ,rev4 ,george ,l4 ,prentiss1 who later was a professor in ,union ,theological ,seminary1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,her home life was beautiful4 ,those who knew her best1 described her as a very bright-eyed little woman1 with a keen sense of humor1 who cared more to shine in her own happy household than in a wide circle of society4 ,but all the while she was carrying a heavy burden4 ,throughout life she was a sufferer1 and scarcely knew what it meant to be well4 ,chronic insomnia added to her afflictions1 but as her body languished under physical chastening her spirit rose above pain and tribulation1 daily growing more radiant and beautiful4 ,it was out of these trying experiences that she wrote her famous story1 ,stepping ,heavenward4 ,the purpose of the book1 as she herself explained1 was for strengthening and comforting other souls4 ,it met with instant success1 more than #bjj1jjj copies being sold4 ,it also was translated into many foreign languages4 ,another story1 ,the ,flower of the ,family1 likewise became very popular4 ,it was as poet and hymn-writer1 however1 that ,mrs4 ,prentiss was destined to achieve fame4 ,her volume1 ,religious ,poems1 numbering one hundred and twenty-three1 breathes a spirit of fervent devotion to ,christ4 ,to love ,christ more1 she said1 is the deepest need1 the constant cry of my soul4444 ,out in the woods1 and on my bed1 and out driving1 when ,i am happy and busy1 and when ,i am sad and idle1 the whisper keeps going up for more love1 more love1 more love6 ,it is easy to understand how such a longing should finally find expression in her most famous hymn1 ,more love to ,thee1 ,o ,christ4 ,the hymn in reality was the prayer of her life4 ,it was born in #ahef during a time of great physical suffering and spiritual anxiety4 ,it was written in great haste1 and the last stanza was left incompleted4 ,not until thirteen years later did ,mrs4 ,prentiss show it to her husband4 ,she then added a final line with a pencil and gave it to the printer1 intending it only for private distribution4 ,the following year1 however1 the ,great ,revival swept over ,america1 and the hymn sprang into popularity everywhere4 ,when in ,august1 #ahgh1 the mortal remains of the sanctified singer were lowered into the grave1 a company of intimate friends stood with bared heads and sang ,more love to ,thee1 ,o ,christ4 ,the whole ,christian world seemed to join in mourning her death4 ,from far-off ,china came a message of sympathy to the bereaved husband in the form of a fan on which ,christian ,chinese had inscribed the famous hymn in native characters4 ,after her death the following verse was found written on the flyleaf of one of her favorite books3 ,one hour with ,jesus6 ,how its peace outweighs ,the ravishment of earthly love and praise2 ,how dearer far1 emptied of self to lie ,low at ,his feet1 and catch1 perchance1 ,his eye1 ,alike content when ,he may give or take1 ,the sweet1 the bitter1 welcome for ,his sake4 ,a ,hymn of the ,sea ,jesus1 ,saviour1 pilot me ,over life's tempestuous sea2 ,unknown waves before me roll1 ,hiding rock and treacherous shoal2 ,chart and compass came from ,thee3 ,jesus1 ,saviour1 pilot me4 ,as a mother stills her child1 ,thou canst hush the ocean wild2 ,boisterous waves obey ,thy will ,when ,thou say'st to them1 ,be still6 ,wondrous ,sovereign of the sea1 ,jesus1 ,saviour1 pilot me4 ,when at last ,i near the shore1 ,and the fearful breakers roar ',twixt me and the peaceful rest1 ,then1 while leaning on ,thy breast1 ,may ,i hear ,thee say to me1 ,fear not1 ,i will pilot thee4 ,edward ,hopper1 #ahga4 ,a ,,famous ,,hymn ,,written ,,for ,,sailors ,it does not surprise us that the writer of ,jesus1 ,saviour1 pilot me was the pastor of a sailors' church4 ,rev4 ,edward ,hopper1 who for many years was minister of the ,church of ,sea and ,land in ,new ,york harbor1 had in mind the daily life of the seamen attending his church when he wrote his famous lyric4 ,a hymn on the theme of the stormy sea1 picturing ,jesus as the divine ,pilot--this1 he felt1 would appeal to sailors and be a source of constant comfort and encouragement4 ,perhaps ,hopper got his idea from ,charles ,wesley4 ,it was a common practice of the great ,english hymn-writer to compose hymns that were particularly adapted to the audiences he addressed4 ,when he visited the men who worked in the ,portland quarries in ,england1 he wrote the hymn containing the lines3 ,strike with the hammer of ,thy ,word1 ,and break these hearts of stone4 ,in any event1 ,hopper's beautiful hymn at once sprang into popular use1 not only with sailors1 but with ,christians everywhere4 ,it appeared for the first time anonymously in ,the ,sailors' ,magazine1 but several hymn-books adopted it4 ,it was not until #ahhj1 nine years after it was published1 however1 that the author's name became known4 ,in that year the anniversary of the ,seamen's ,friend ,society was held in ,broadway ,tabernacle1 ,new ,york ,city1 and ,hopper was asked to write a hymn for the occasion4 ,he responded by producing ,jesus1 ,saviour1 pilot me1 and the secret was out4 ,hopper wrote several other hymns1 but only this one has lived4 ,like ,edward ,perronet1 the author of ,all hail the power of ,jesus' ,name1 he was a bird of a single song4 ,we could have wished that the fires of inspired genius had continued to burn with both of these men4 ,here1 however1 apply the words3 ,happy is the man who can produce one song which the world will keep on singing after its author shall have passed away4 ,the author of ,jesus1 ,saviour1 pilot me was a child of the city4 ,he was born in ,america's great metropolis1 ,new ,york ,city1 in the year #ahah4 ,his father was a merchant4 ,his mother was a descendant of the ,huguenots1 the persecuted ,french ,protestants4 ,he was educated for the ministry1 and1 after serving several churches in other places1 he returned to ,new ,york in #ahgj to begin his work among the men who go down to the sea in ships4 ,he remained as pastor of the ,church of ,sea and ,land until his death in #ahhh1 and we scarcely need to add that his ministry was singularly successful4 ,the beautiful prayer in the third stanza of ,hopper's hymn was answered in his own passing4 ,he was sitting in his study-chair1 pencil in hand1 when the final summons came4 ,on the sheet before him were found some freshly written lines on ,heaven4 ,thus was fulfilled in his own death the beautiful prayer expressed in the final stanza of his hymn3 ,when at last ,i near the shore1 ,and the fearful breakers roar ',twixt me and the peaceful rest1 ,then1 while leaning on ,thy breast1 ,may ,i hear ,thee say to me1 ,fear not1 ,i will pilot thee4 ,a ,rally ,hymn of the ,church ,stand up1 stand up for ,jesus1 ,ye soldiers of the cross2 ,lift high ,his royal banner1 ,it must not suffer loss2 ,from victory unto victory ,his army ,he shall lead1 ,till every foe is vanquished1 ,and ,christ is ,lord indeed4 ,stand up1 stand up for ,jesus1 ,the trumpet call obey2 ,forth to the mighty conflict ,in this ,his glorious day3 ,ye that are men1 now serve ,him ,against unnumbered foes2 ,your courage rise with danger1 ,and strength to strength oppose4 ,stand up1 stand up for ,jesus1 ,stand in ,his strength alone2 ,the arm of flesh will fail you1 ,ye dare not trust your own2 ,put on the gospel armor1 ,and watching unto prayer1 ,where duty calls or danger1 ,be never wanting there4 ,stand up1 stand up for ,jesus1 ,the strife will not be long2 ,this day the noise of battle1 ,the next the victor's song3 ,to him that overcometh1 ,a crown of life shall be2 ,he with the ,king of glory ,shall reign eternally4 ,george ,duffield1 #aheh ,a ,,tragedy ,,that ,,inspired ,a ,,great ,,hymn ,the ,christian ,church has many stirring rally hymns1 but none that is more effective when sung by a large assembly than ,george ,duffield's ,stand up1 stand up for ,jesus4 ,who has not been moved to the depths of his soul by the inspiring words and resounding music of this unusual hymn8 ,a tragedy lies in its background4 ,it was in the year #aheh1 and a great spiritual awakening was gripping the city of ,philadelphia4 ,men referred to this revival afterwards as the work of ,god in ,philadelphia4 ,one of the most earnest and zealous leaders in the movement was a young pastor1 ,dudley ,a4 ,tyng1 not quite thirty years old4 ,because of his evangelical convictions and his strong opposition to slavery he had shortly before been compelled to resign as rector of the ,church of the ,epiphany1 and in #aheg he had organized a little congregation that met in a public hall4 ,in the midst of the revival in #aheh he preached a powerful sermon at a noon-day meeting in ,jayne's ,hall to a gathering of #e1jjj men4 ,his text was ,exodus #aj3aa3 ,go now1 ye that are men1 and serve the ,lord4 ,it is said that the effect was overwhelming1 no less than a thousand men giving themselves to the ,lord4 ,a few weeks later the young pastor was watching a corn-shelling machine when his arm was caught in the machinery and terribly mangled4 ,though every effort was made to save his life1 he died within a few hours4 ,shortly before the end came he cried to the friends who were gathered about him1 ,sing1 sing1 can you not sing8 ,he himself then began the words of ,rock of ,ages1 with the others trying to join him in the midst of their grief4 ,when his father1 the distinguished clergyman1 ,stephen ,h4 ,tyng1 bent over him to ask if he had a last message for his friends1 the dying soldier of the cross whispered3 ,tell them to stand up for ,jesus6 ,rev4 ,george ,duffield1 also of ,philadelphia and a close friend of the greatly lamented ,tyng1 felt that the words were too impressive to be lost4 ,on the following ,sunday he preached a sermon in his own church on ,ephesians #f3ad1 ,stand1 therefore1 having your loins girt about with truth1 and having on the breastplate of righteousness4 ,as he concluded his sermon1 he read the words of a poem he had written1 ,stand up1 stand up for ,jesus4 ,not only did ,duffield preserve the dying words of his devoted friend1 but it will be noted that the second stanza also contains the challenge of ,tyng's last revival sermon3 ,go now1 ye that are men1 and serve the ,lord4 ,the superintendent of ,duffield's ,sunday school printed the words of the poem for distribution among his scholars4 ,one of these leaflets found its way to a religious periodical1 where it was published4 ,soon it began to appear in hymn-books1 being generally set to a tune composed by ,george ,j4 ,webb a few years earlier4 ,it is said that the first time the author heard it sung outside of his own church was in #ahfd1 when the ,christian men in the ,army of the ,james sang it in their camp1 just before they were about to enter into a bloody battle4 ,as originally written1 the hymn contained six stanzas4 ,the second and fifth are omitted from most hymn-books4 ,these stanzas read3 ,stand up1 stand up for ,jesus1 ,the solemn watchword hear2 ,if while ye sleep ,he suffers1 ,away with shame and fear2 ,where'er ye meet with evil1 ,within you or without1 ,charge for the ,god of ,battles1 ,and put the foe to rout4 ,stand up1 stand up for ,jesus1 ,each soldier to his post3 ,close up the broken column1 ,and shout through all the host3 ,make good the loss so heavy1 ,in those that still remain1 ,and prove to all around you ,that death itself is gain4 ,the omission of these lines is really no loss1 since they sink far beneath the literary level of the remaining verses4 ,they also carry the military imagery to needless length4 ,a ,hymn of ,spiritual ,yearning ,we would see ,jesus1 for the shadows lengthen ,across this little landscape of our life2 ,we would see ,jesus1 our weak faith to strengthen ,for the last weariness1 the final strife4 ,we would see ,jesus1 the great ,rock-foundation ,whereon our feet were set by sovereign grace3 ,nor life nor death1 with all their agitation1 ,can thence remove us1 if we see ,his face4 ,we would see ,jesus3 other lights are paling1 ,which for long years we have rejoiced to see2 ,the blessings of our pilgrimage are failing3 ,we would not mourn them1 for we go to ,thee4 ,we would see ,jesus3 this is all we're needing2 ,strength1 joy1 and willingness come with the sight2 ,we would see ,jesus1 dying1 risen1 pleading2 ,then welcome day1 and farewell1 mortal night4 ,anna ,bartlett ,warner1 #ahea4 ,,anna ,,warner ,,and ,,her ,,beautiful ,,hymns ,in the last week of our ,saviour's life1 a very beautiful and touching incident occurred in the city of ,jerusalem4 ,the ,evangelist ,john tells the story in the following words3 ,now there were certain ,greeks among those that went up to worship at the feast3 these therefore came to ,philip1 who was of ,bethsaida of ,galilee1 and asked him1 saying1 ,sir1 we would see ,jesus4 ,philip cometh and telleth ,andrew3 ,andrew cometh1 and ,philip1 and they tell ,jesus4 ,and ,jesus answereth them1 saying1 ,the hour is come1 that the ,son of man should be glorified4 ,it was the petition of these ,gentile pilgrims from the land of the ,spartans and ,athenians that inspired an ,american young woman to write one of our beautiful hymns1 ,we would see ,jesus4 ,her name was ,anna ,bartlett ,warner1 and for almost a century she lived at a beautiful retreat in the ,hudson river known as ,constitution island1 under the very shadows of the great military academy at ,west ,point4 ,she had a sister named ,susan who achieved even greater literary fame than she1 but it is ,anna's name1 after all1 that will live on and be cherished for her songs4 ,we wonder if any child in ,america during the last half century has not learned to know and to love the little hymn-- ,jesus loves me1 this ,i know1 ,for the ,bible tells me so4 ,children throughout the world are singing it now1 and missionaries tell us that the simplicity of its message also makes a wonderful appeal to the newly-converted heathen4 ,this hymn is one of the reasons why the name of ,anna ,warner will never be forgotten4 ,an exquisite lullaby1 also written by ,miss ,warner1 begins with the words1 ,o little child1 lie still and sleep4 ,two volumes of sacred song were composed by this gifted young woman4 ,the first bore the title1 ,hymns of the ,church ,militant1 and was published in #aheh4 ,the second1 called ,wayfaring ,hymns1 ,original and ,translated1 appeared in #ahfi4 ,we would see ,jesus was included in the first of these collections4 ,it appears1 however1 that it was written at least seven years before its publication4 ,an interesting item from her sister ,susan's diary1 under date of ,february #h1 #ahea1 tells of the impression the hymn made on her when she first read it4 ,she writes3 ,the next day1 ,sunday1 in the afternoon1 ,anna had been copying off some hymns for ,emmelin's book1 and left them with me to look over4 ,i had not read two verses of ',we would see ,jesus1' when ,i thought of ,anna1 and merely casting my eye down1 the others so delighted and touched me that ,i left it for tears and petitions4 ,i wished ,anna might prove the author--and after ,i found she was1 ,i sat by her a little while with my head against her1 crying such delicious tears4 ,another hymn that has found a place in many hearts bears the title1 ,the ,song of the ,tired ,servant4 ,it was inspired by a letter received by ,miss ,warner from a friend who was a pastor1 in which he spoke of the weariness he felt after the tasks of an arduous day1 but of the joy that his soul experienced in serving the ,master4 ,the first stanza reads3 ,one more day's work for ,jesus1 ,one less of life for me6 ,but heaven is nearer1 ,and ,christ is dearer ,than yesterday1 to me2 ,his love and light ,fill all my soul tonight4 ,although the two ,warner sisters lived in a corner apart from the busy world1 they made their influence felt in widespread circles4 ,they felt a particular responsibility in reference to the many thousands of young men from all parts of the ,united ,states who were being trained at ,west ,point for service in the army1 and for many years they conducted a ,bible class for the cadets4 ,military honors were accorded each of the sisters when they were buried4 ,anna ,warner was ninety-five years old when she died in #aiae4 ,a ,famous ,christmas ,carol ,o little town of ,bethlehem ,how still we see thee lie2 ,above thy deep and dreamless sleep ,the silent stars go by2 ,yet in thy darkness shineth ,the everlasting ,light2 ,the hopes and fears of all the years ,are met in thee tonight4 ,for ,christ is born of ,mary1 ,and gathered all above1 ,while mortals sleep1 the angels keep ,their watch of wondering love4 ,o morning stars1 together ,proclaim the holy birth1 ,and praises sing to ,god the ,king1 ,and peace to men on earth4 ,how silently1 how silently1 ,the wondrous ,gift is given6 ,so ,god imparts to human hearts ,the blessings of ,his heaven4 ,no ear may hear ,his coming1 ,but in this world of sin1 ,where meek souls will receive ,him still1 ,the dear ,christ enters in4 ,o holy ,child of ,bethlehem6 ,descend to us1 we pray2 ,cast out our sin1 and enter in1 ,be born in us today4 ,we hear the ,christmas angels ,the great glad tidings tell3 ,o come to us1 abide with us1 ,our ,lord ,immanuel6 ,phillips ,brooks1 #ahfh4 ,,phillips ,,brooks ,,and ,,his ,,carols ,phillips ,brooks was a great man4 ,not only was he a giant in stature1 but he possessed a great mind and a great heart4 ,also1 he was a great preacher--one of ,america's greatest--and he just missed being a great poet4 ,indeed1 the flashes of poetic genius revealed in the few verses he wrote indicate that he might have become famous as a hymn-writer had he chosen such a career4 ,his poetic gift had its roots in childhood4 ,phillips was brought up in a pious ,new ,england home4 ,every ,sunday the children of the ,brooks household were required to memorize a hymn1 and1 when the father conducted the evening devotion on the ,lord's day1 the children recited their hymns4 ,when ,phillips was ready to go to college1 he could repeat no less than two hundred hymns from memory4 ,in his later ministry this knowledge proved to be of inestimable value1 and he frequently made effective use of hymn quotations in his preaching4 ,but1 more than that1 the childhood training unconsciously had made of him a poet6 ,o little town of ,bethlehem1 his most famous ,christmas carol1 was written for a ,sunday school ,christmas festival in #ahfh1 when ,brooks was rector of ,holy ,trinity ,episcopal ,church in ,philadelphia4 ,he was only thirty-two years old at the time4 ,three years earlier he had visited the ,holy ,land1 and on ,christmas eve he had stood on the star-lit hills where the shepherds had watched their flocks4 ,below the hills he had seen the little town of ,bethlehem1 slumbering in the darkness just as it had done in the night when ,jesus was born4 ,later he had attended midnight services in the ,church of the ,nativity in ,bethlehem4 ,he could never entirely forget the impressions of that sublime night1 and1 when he was asked in #ahfh to write a ,christmas hymn for his ,sunday school1 he put down on paper the song that long had been ringing in his mind4 ,the beautiful tune ,st4 ,louis1 to which the hymn is usually sung1 also has an interesting story4 ,it was composed by ,lewis ,h4 ,redner1 who was organist and ,sunday school superintendent of ,dr4 ,brooks' church4 ,when ,brooks asked ,redner to write a suitable tune for the words1 the latter waited for the inspiration that never seemed to come4 ,christmas eve arrived and ,redner went to sleep without having written the tune4 ,in the middle of the night1 however1 he dreamed that he heard angels singing4 ,he awoke with the melody still sounding in his ears4 ,quickly he seized a piece of paper1 and jotted it down1 and next morning he filled in the harmony4 ,redner always insisted that the hymn tune was a gift from heaven1 and those who have learned to love its exquisite strains are more than willing to believe it6 ,phillips ,brooks1 though he never had a family of his own1 possessed a boundless love for children4 ,that1 perhaps1 is one reason why the ,christmas season so fascinated him1 and why he wrote so many ,christmas carols for children4 ,one of these is famous for its striking refrain1 ,everywhere1 everywhere1 ,christmas tonight4 ,the voice of the ,christ-child is the title of another ,christmas carol4 ,he also wrote a number of ,easter carols1 among them1 ,god hath sent ,his angels4 ,but ,phillips ,brooks not only made a strong appeal to children2 it was not long before the great and learned men of ,america began to realize that a great preacher and prophet had risen among them4 ,there was need of such a spiritual leader1 for ,unitarianism had threatened to engulf all ,new ,england4 ,in its beginnings this movement was merely a protest against the stern and forbidding aspects of the ,christian religion as it had been exemplified in ,new ,england ,puritanism4 ,it grew more and more radical1 however1 until the deity of ,christ was denied4 ,the old-fashioned religion of ,christ and ,him crucified was all but forgotten in the intellectual circles of ,new ,england when a young man thirty-four years of age began preaching in ,trinity church1 ,boston4 ,he was preaching ,jesus ,christ1 but he was presenting ,him in a new and wonderful light4 ,crowds began to fill the church4 ,even sedate old ,harvard was stirred4 ,that was the beginning of the ministry of ,phillips ,brooks in ,boston1 a ministry that made him famous throughout the land4 ,it marked the turning point in religious tendencies in ,new ,england1 and perhaps was the most potent factor in checking the spread of the ,unitarian doctrine4 ,brooks was later elevated to a bishopric in his ,church4 ,he died in #ahic4 ,it is said that when a little girl of five years was told by her mother that ,bishop ,brooks has gone to heaven1 the child exclaimed1 ,oh1 mamma1 how happy the angels will be6 ,the ,story that ,never ,grows ,old ,i love to hear the story ,which angel voices tell1 ,how once the ,king of glory ,came down to earth to dwell4 ,i am both weak and sinful1 ,but this ,i surely know1 ,the ,lord came down to save me1 ,because ,he loved me so4 ,i'm glad my blessed ,saviour ,was once a child like me1 ,to show how pure and holy ,his little ones should be2 ,and if ,i try to follow ,his footsteps here below1 ,he never will forget me1 ,because ,he loves me so4 ,to sing ,his love and mercy ,my sweetest songs ,i'll raise6 ,and though ,i cannot see ,him1 ,i know ,he hears my praise2 ,for ,he has kindly promised ,that even ,i may go ,to sing among ,his angels1 ,because ,he loves me so4 ,emily ,huntington ,miller1 #ahfg4 ,,women ,,who ,,wrote ,,hymns ,,for ,,children ,everybody loves the hymns the children sing4 ,and that1 perhaps1 is the reason why ,emily ,huntington ,miller's name will not soon be forgotten1 for the hymns she wrote were children's hymns indeed--hymns that came from the heart of one who understood the heart of a child4 ,the daughter of a ,methodist clergyman1 ,emily ,huntington was born in ,brooklyn1 ,conn41 ,october #bb1 #ahcc4 ,the spiritual and cultural influence of a ,new ,england parsonage was not lost on this little child1 who early in life began to reveal unusual literary gifts4 ,it was very unusual in those days for young women to attend college1 but ,emily enrolled at ,oberlin ,college and graduated in the class of #aheg4 ,ten years later she became one of the editors of ,the ,little ,corporal1 a very popular magazine for children4 ,each month she contributed a poem to this publication4 ,like all other contributors1 she often found it difficult to have her poem ready each month on the required day4 ,one month in #ahfg she was handicapped by illness4 ,the final day came1 and her poem was not written4 ,in spite of her weakness1 she aroused herself to the task4 ,the inspiration seemed to come immediately1 and1 so she tells us1 in less than fifteen minutes the hymn was written and sent away without any correction4 ,the hymn referred to was ,i love to hear the story4 ,almost immediately it sprang into popularity4 ,in ,england it was admitted in #ahge to ,hymns ,ancient and ,modern1 the hymn-book of the ,church of ,england4 ,this was a very unusual honor1 since very few hymns of ,american origin have been included in that famous collection4 ,it is said that no one was more surprised at the popularity achieved by the hymn than the author herself4 ,another of her hymns that has won a place in the hearts of the smaller children is the sweet little gem3 ,jesus bids us shine ,with a clear1 pure light ,like a little candle ,burning in the night2 ,in the world is darkness1 ,so we must shine1 ,you in your small corner1 ,and ,i in mine4 ,another of her hymns for children1 though not so well known as the other two mentioned1 possesses unusual merit3 ,father1 while the shadows fall1 ,with the twilight over all1 ,deign to hear my evening prayer1 ,make a little child ,thy care4 ,take me in ,thy holy keeping ,till the morning break2 ,guard me thro' the darkness sleeping1 ,bless me when ,i wake4 ,emily ,huntington became the wife of ,prof4 ,john ,e4 ,miller in #ahfj4 ,after his death she became dean of the ,woman's ,college of ,northwestern ,university1 in which position she exerted a blessed influence over large numbers of young women4 ,she died in #aiac4 ,another ,american woman who at this time was also writing hymns for children was ,mrs4 ,lydia ,baxter4 ,although born at ,petersburg1 ,n4 ,y41 ,september #b1 #ahji1 it was not until nearly fifty years later that she seems to have begun to exercise her gifts as a song writer4 ,her ,gems by the ,wayside were published in #ahee1 after which she became a frequent contributor to hymn collections for ,sunday schools and evangelistic services4 ,mrs4 ,baxter may be regarded as one of the forerunners of the ,gospel hymn movement of ,america4 ,her lyrics fall short of the severer standards required in a true hymn1 and for this reason few of her hymns have been admitted to the authorized collections of the principal church communions4 ,however1 the woman who wrote ,take the ,name of ,jesus with you and ,there is a gate that stands ajar will not soon be forgotten by pious ,christians1 even though the author receives scant notice at the hands of hymnologists4 ,it is a significant fact that in #aiba the ,church of ,sweden included a translation of the latter hymn in the appendix to its ,psalm-book1 one of the most conservative hymn collections in ,christendom4 ,mrs4 ,baxter died in ,new ,york1 ,june #bb1 #ahgd4 ,a ,hymn of ,sweet ,consolation ,safe in the arms of ,jesus1 ,safe on ,his gentle breast1 ,there by ,his love o'ershaded1 ,sweetly my soul shall rest4 ,hark6 'tis the voice of angels1 ,borne in a song to me1 ,over the fields of glory1 ,over the jasper sea4 ,safe in the arms of ,jesus1 ,safe from corroding care1 ,safe from the world's temptations1 ,sin cannot harm me there4 ,free from the blight of sorrow1 ,free from my doubts and fears2 ,only a few more trials1 ,only a few more tears6 ,jesus1 my heart's dear refuge1 ,jesus has died for me2 ,firm on the ,rock of ,ages ,ever my trust shall be4 ,here let me wait with patience1 ,wait till the night is o'er2 ,wait till ,i see the morning ,break on the golden shore4 ,frances ,jane ,crosby1 #ahfi4 ,,fanny ,,crosby1 ,,america',s ,,blind ,,poet ,blindness is not always an affliction4 ,if it serves to give the soul a clearer vision of ,christ and of ,his redeeming love1 as it did with ,fanny ,crosby1 it may rather be regarded as a blessing4 ,america's most famous hymn-writer could never remember having seen the light of day1 nevertheless her life was one of the most happy and fruitful ever lived4 ,always she radiated a sweet and cheerful spirit1 refusing to be pitied1 while her soul poured out the songs that brought joy and salvation to countless multitudes4 ,born of humble parents at ,southeast1 ,n4 ,y41 ,march #bd1 #ahbc1 she was only six weeks old when1 through the application of a poultice to her eyes1 her sight was forever destroyed4 ,such a disaster would have cast a perpetual gloom over most lives1 but not so with ,fanny ,crosby4 ,even at the age of eight years she gave evidence not only of her happy optimism but also of her poetic genius by penning the following cheerful lines3 ,o what a happy soul am ,i6 ,although ,i cannot see1 ,i am resolved that in this world ,contented ,i will be4 ,how many blessings ,i enjoy1 ,that other people don't2 ,to weep and sigh because ,i'm blind1 ,i cannot1 and ,i won't6 ,when she was fifteen years old she entered the ,institution for the ,blind in ,new ,york ,city1 where she soon began to develop her remarkable talent for writing verse4 ,at first she wrote only secular songs4 ,one of these1 ,rosalie1 the ,prairie ,flower1 brought the blind girl nearly #c1jjj in royalties4 ,strange to state1 it was not until she was forty-one years old that her first hymn was written4 ,it was in #ahfd that she met the famous composer1 ,w4 ,b4 ,bradbury1 and it was at his request that she made her first attempt at hymn-writing4 ,her first hymn began3 ,we are going1 we are going1 ,to a home beyond the skies1 ,where the fields are robed in beauty1 ,and the sunlight never dies4 ,she now felt that she had found her real mission in life1 and she wrote that she was the happiest creature in all the land4 ,until her death in #aiae1 hymns flowed from her inspired pen in a ceaseless stream4 ,for a long time she was under contract to furnish her publishers1 ,biglow ,main1 with three hymns every week4 ,it has been estimated that no less than #h1jjj hymns and songs were written by this unusual woman4 ,not all of her hymns possess high poetical excellence4 ,in fact1 they have been subjected to the most severe criticism4 ,john ,julian1 the ,english hymnologist1 with his usual candor1 declares that they are1 with few exceptions1 very weak and poor1 their simplicity and earnestness being their redeeming features4 ,however1 whether we consider her hymns of high poetic standard or not1 the fact remains that no one has written more hymns that are being sung and loved today than ,fanny ,crosby4 ,certainly the hymnody of the ,christian ,church is infinitely richer for ,pass me not1 ,o gentle ,saviour1 ,sweet hour of prayer1 ,safe in the arms of ,jesus1 ,all the way my ,saviour leads me1 ,jesus is tenderly calling thee home1 ,i am thine1 ,o ,lord1 ,rescue the perishing1 ,speed away1 ,blessed assurance1 ,jesus is mine1 ,jesus keep me near the ,cross1 ,some day the silver cord will break1 and scores of other inspiring gems that have come to us from this blind genius4 ,practically all her hymns are very subjective in character4 ,although this is doubtless an element of weakness1 it probably explains their unusual personal appeal4 ,it was the prayer of ,miss ,crosby that she might win a million souls for ,christ1 and there are many who believe that her prayer has been more than realized4 ,a strong ,scriptural note is heard in most of her hymns4 ,when she was yet a child1 she committed to memory the first four books of the ,old ,testament1 as well as the four ,gospels1 and this proved a rich treasure store from which she drew in later life4 ,fanny ,crosby's fault apparently lay in the fact that she was too prolific a writer4 ,most of her songs were composed in a few minutes4 ,often the lines came as rapidly as they could be dictated4 ,it was this circumstance that led ,dr4 ,s4 ,w4 ,duffield to observe rather facetiously that ,it is more to her credit as a writer that she has occasionally found a pearl than that she has brought to the surface so many oyster shells4 ,however1 before his death he evidently had altered his opinion1 for he wrote3 ,i rather think her talent will stand beside that of ,watts or ,wesley1 especially if we take into consideration the number of hymns she has written4 ,certainly there are many pearls among the #h1jjj songs she wrote1 and perhaps none has given more solace to broken hearts than ,safe in the arms of ,jesus4 ,often the themes of her hymns were suggested to her by publishers or musical composers4 ,at other times a musician would play a tune for her and ask her to write words for it4 ,it was in #ahfh that ,william ,h4 ,doane1 the popular hymn composer1 came to her one day and said3 ,fanny1 ,i have a tune ,i would like to have you hear4 ,he played it for her1 and she exclaimed1 ,that says ',safe in the arms of ,jesus6' ,she went to her room immediately1 and within half an hour the words had been written4 ,although ,fanny ,crosby never permitted the fact of her blindness to make her life gloomy1 there are many touching allusions in her hymns to her affliction4 ,all the way my ,saviour leads me suggests how much a guiding hand means to the blind4 ,the same thought appears in the song1 ,god will take care of you1 especially in the lines1 ,tenderly watching1 and keeping ,his own1 ,he will not leave you to wander alone4 ,there also are pathetic passages in her hymns that reflect the hope that some day the long night of blindness would be ended--in heaven4 ,here let me wait with patience1 ,wait till the night is o'er2 ,wait till ,i see the morning ,break on the golden shore4 ,that is also the constant refrain heard in the exquisite hymn1 ,some day the silver cord will break4 ,and ,i shall see ,him face to face1 ,and tell the story--,saved by grace4 ,nevertheless1 she never permitted any one to express sympathy on account of her blindness4 ,once a ,scotch minister remarked to her1 ,i think it is a great pity that the ,master1 when ,he showered so many gifts upon you1 did not give you sight4 ,she answered3 ,do you know that1 if at birth ,i had been able to make one petition to my ,creator1 if would have been that ,i should be made blind8 ,why8 asked the surprised clergyman4 ,because1 when ,i get to heaven1 the first face that shall ever gladden my sight will be that of my ,saviour1 was the unexpected reply4 ,at a summer religious conference in ,northfield1 ,mass41 ,miss ,crosby was sitting on the platform when the evangelist1 ,dwight ,l4 ,moody1 asked her for a testimony concerning her ,christian experience4 ,at first she hesitated1 then quietly rose and said3 ,there is one hymn ,i have written which has never been published4 ,i call it my ,soul's poem1 and sometimes when ,i am troubled ,i repeat it to myself1 for it brings comfort to my heart4 ,she then recited3 ,some day the silver chord will break1 ,and ,i no more as now shall sing3 ,but1 the joy when ,i shall wake ,within the palace of the ,king6 ,and ,i shall see ,him face to face1 ,and tell the story--,saved by grace4 ,the sight of her uplifted face1 with its wistful expression1 made a deep impression upon the vast audience1 and many were moved to tears4 ,in #aheh ,miss ,crosby married ,alexander ,van ,alstyne1 a blind musician1 wherefore she is often referred to as ,mrs4 ,frances ,jane ,van ,alstyne4 ,she died on ,february #ab1 #aiae4 ,the ,call of the ,gospel ,song ,sing them over again to me1 ,wonderful words of life1 ,let me more of their beauty see1 ,wonderful words of life4 ,words of life and beauty1 ,teach me faith and duty2 ,beautiful words1 ,wonderful words1 ,wonderful words of life4 ,christ1 the blessed ,one1 gives to all ,wonderful words of life2 ,sinner1 list to the loving call1 ,wonderful words of life4 ,all so freely given1 ,wooing us to heaven1 ,beautiful words1 ,wonderful words1 ,wonderful words of life4 ,sweetly echo the gospel call1 ,wonderful words of life2 ,offer pardon and peace to all1 ,wonderful words of life4 ,jesus1 only ,saviour1 ,sanctify forever1 ,beautiful words1 ,wonderful words1 ,wonderful words of life4 ,philip ,p4 ,bliss 7#ahch-ahgf74 ,,one ,,of ,,america',s ,,earliest ,,gospel ,,singers ,among hymn-books that have exerted a profound influence over the spiritual lives of ,christian people none has probably achieved greater fame or wider circulation than the volume known as ,gospel ,hymns4 ,it was issued in a series of six editions1 but now is usually found combined in a single book4 ,philip ,p4 ,bliss1 the subject of this chapter1 was the first editor of ,gospel ,hymns4 ,associated with him in the publication of the first two editions was the renowned ,ira ,d4 ,sankey1 who gained world-wide fame through his evangelistic campaigns with ,dwight ,l4 ,moody4 ,the story of the life of ,bliss reads like romance4 ,like many a poor lad endowed with love for the artistic1 he was compelled to struggle almost all his life for the opportunity that finally came to him4 ,born at ,rome1 ,pa41 in #ahch1 he early revealed a passion for music when1 as a boy1 he made crude instruments on which he tried to produce tones4 ,the story is told of how ,philip1 when a ragged and barefoot boy of ten years1 heard piano music for the first time4 ,so entranced did he become that he entered the home unbidden1 and stood listening at the parlor door4 ,when the young woman at the instrument ceased playing1 the child who hungered for music cried3 ,o lady1 play some more6 ,instead of complying with the request1 the startled young woman is said to have invited young ,bliss to leave the house forthwith6 ,although he received practically no musical education1 except from occasional attendance at a singing school1 he wrote his first song at the age of twenty-six years4 ,it was called ,lora ,vale1 and because of its popular reception1 ,bliss was encouraged to devote all his time to writing songs and giving concerts4 ,bliss usually wrote both the words and music of his hymns4 ,his work was done very quickly1 the inspiration for the whole song1 text and melody1 being born in his mind at once4 ,any incident of an unusually impressive nature would immediately suggest a theme to his mind4 ,he heard the story of a shipwreck4 ,the doomed vessel was abandoned1 and the captain ordered the sailors to exert their utmost strength to pull for the shore4 ,immediately he wrote his well-known song with the words as a refrain4 ,one night he listened to a sermon in which the preacher closed with the words1 ,he who is almost persuaded is almost saved1 but to be almost saved is to be entirely lost4 ,he went home from the service and wrote ,almost persuaded1 a hymn that is said to have brought more souls to ,christ than anything else ,bliss ever composed4 ,in #ahgj he heard ,major ,whittle1 an evangelist1 tell the story of how the message1 ,hold the fort6 was signalled to the besieged garrison at ,allatoona ,pass4 ,the words suggested the passage from ,revelations #b3be1 ,that which ye have1 hold fast till ,i come4 ,the result was one of his most famous ,gospel songs1 the chorus of which runs3 ,hold the fort1 for ,i am coming1 ,jesus signals still1 ,wave the answer back to heaven1-- ,by ,thy grace we will4 ,other popular songs by ,bliss are ,whosoever heareth1 shout1 shout the sound1 ,i am so glad that our ,father in heaven1 ,there's a light in the valley1 ,sing them over again to me1 ,let the lower lights be burning1 ,free from the law1 ,oh1 happy condition1 ,down life's dark vale we wander and ,where hast thou gleaned today8 ,these songs1 like the greater number of the ,gospel ,hymns1 do not possess high literary merit4 ,the most that can be said for them is that they are imaginative and picturesque4 ,they are usually strong in emotional appeal4 ,the same is true of the tunes composed for them4 ,they are usually very light in character1 with a lilt and movement that make them easily singable1 but lacking in the rich harmony found in the standard hymns and chorales4 ,no doubt there will always be a certain demand for this type of religious song1 and a few of the ,gospel ,hymns will probably live on1 but the present trend in all of the principal ,christian denominations is toward a higher standard of hymnody4 ,a terrible tragedy brought the life of the ,gospel singer to a close in his thirty-eighth year4 ,he had visited the old childhood home at ,rome1 ,pa41 at ,christmas time in #ahgf1 and was returning to ,chicago in company with his wife when a railroad bridge near ,ashtabula1 ,ohio1 collapsed on the evening of ,december #bi4 ,their train plunged into a ravine1 sixty feet below1 where it caught fire1 and one hundred passengers perished miserably4 ,bliss managed to escape from the wreckage1 but crawled back into a window in search for his wife4 ,that was the last seen of him4 ,the song-writer's first name was originally ,philipp4 ,he disliked the unusual spelling1 however1 and in later years he used the extra ,p as a middle initial4 ,chautauqua ,vesper ,hymn ,day is dying in the west2 ,heaven is touching earth with rest3 ,wait and worship while the night ,sets her evening lamps alight ,through all the sky4 ,refrain3 ,holy1 holy1 holy1 ,lord ,god of ,hosts6 ,heaven and earth are full of ,thee6 ,heaven and earth are praising ,thee1 ,o ,lord ,most ,high6 ,lord of life1 beneath the dome ,of the universe1 ,thy home1 ,gather us who seek ,thy face ,to the fold of ,thy embrace1 ,for ,thou art nigh4 ,while the deepening shadows fall1 ,heart of ,love1 enfold us all2 ,through the glory and the grace ,of the stars that veil ,thy face1 ,our hearts ascend4 ,when forever from our sight ,pass the stars1 the day1 the night1 ,lord of angels1 on our eyes ,let eternal morning rise1 ,and shadows end4 ,mary ,artimisia ,lathbury1 #ahhj1 #ahij4 ,,the ,,lyrist ,,of ,,chautauqua ,those who have had the privilege of attending a vesper service in the great ,chautauqua ,institution auditorium on the shores of beautiful ,lake ,chautauqua1 ,n4 ,y41 have come away with at least one impression that is lasting4 ,it is the singing by the vast assembly of ,mary ,lathbury's famous vesper hymn1 ,day is dying in the west4 ,this beautiful evening lyric1 which was written especially for the ,chautauqua vesper hour1 has been called by a distinguished critic one of the finest and most distinctive hymns of modern times1 and there are few who will not concur in his judgment4 ,the lyrist of ,chautauqua was born in ,manchester1 ,n4 ,y41 ,august #aj1 #ahda4 ,as a child she began to reveal artistic tendencies4 ,she developed a special talent in drawing pictures of children1 and her illustrations in magazines and periodicals made her name widely known4 ,she also wrote books and poetry1 illustrating them with her own sketches4 ,very early in life she felt constrained to dedicate her talent to ,christian service4 ,she tells how she seemed to hear a voice saying to her3 ,remember1 my child1 that you have a gift of weaving fancies into verse1 and a gift with the pencil of producing visions that come to your heart2 consecrate these to ,me as thoroughly and as definitely as you do your inmost spirit4 ,an opportunity to serve her ,lord in a very definite way came in #ahgd1 when ,dr4 ,john ,h4 ,vincent1 then secretary of the ,methodist ,sunday ,school ,union1 employed her as his assistant4 ,the ,chautauqua movement had just been launched the previous year and the formal opening on the shores of the beautiful lake from which the institution has received its name took place on ,august #d1 #ahgd4 ,dr4 ,vincent became the outstanding leader of the movement1 and he began to make use of ,miss ,lathbury's literary talent almost immediately4 ,dr4 ,jesse ,lyman ,hurlbut1 historian of ,chautauqua1 writes3 ,in ,dr4 ,vincent's many-sided nature was a strain of poetry1 although ,i do not know that he ever wrote a verse4 ,yet he always looked at life and truth through poetic eyes4 ,who otherwise would have thought of songs for ,chautauqua and called upon a poet to write them8 ,dr4 ,vincent found in ,mary ,a4 ,lathbury a poet who could compose fitting verses for the expression of the ,chautauqua spirit4 ,the beautiful evening hymn1 ,day is dying in the west1 was written in #ahhj1 at ,dr4 ,vincent's request1 for the vesper services which are held every evening4 ,it originally consisted of only two stanzas1 and it was not until ten years later that ,miss ,lathbury1 at the strong insistence of friends1 added the last two stanzas4 ,we are happy that she did so1 for the last two lines1 with their allusion to the eternal morning when shadows shall end1 bring the hymn to a sublime conclusion4 ,it was also in #ahhj that she wrote another hymn of two stanzas that has shared in the fame that has come to her evening hymn4 ,it was composed for the ,chautauqua ,literary and ,scientific ,circle1 and ,miss ,lathbury called it ,a ,study ,song4 ,its beautiful reference to the ,sea of ,galilee is made the more interesting when we are reminded that the hymn was written on the shores of lovely ,lake ,chautauqua4 ,the hymn is particularly adapted for ,bible study1 and it is said that the great ,london preacher1 ,g4 ,campbell ,morgan1 always announced it before his mid-week discourse4 ,the hymn reads3 ,break ,thou the ,bread of life1 ,dear ,lord1 to me1 ,as ,thou didst break the loaves ,beside the sea2 ,beyond the sacred page ,i seek ,thee1 ,lord2 ,my spirit pants for ,thee1 ,o living ,word6 ,bless ,thou the truth1 dear ,lord1 ,to me1 to me1 ,as ,thou didst bless the bread ,by ,galilee2 ,then shall all bondage cease1 ,all fetters fall2 ,and ,i shall find my peace1 ,my ,all-in-all6 ,miss ,lathbury was greatly esteemed1 not only for her lovely lyrics which have given inspiration to thousands of souls1 but also for her gentle1 ,christian character4 ,there was an indescribable charm about her personality1 and she exerted an abiding influence over those who came in contact with her devout and consecrated spirit4 ,she died in ,new ,york ,city in #aiac4 ,in ,his ,footsteps ,o ,master1 let me walk with ,thee ,in lowly paths of service free2 ,tell me ,thy secret1 help me bear ,the strain of toil1 the fret of care4 ,help me the slow of heart to move ,by some clear winning word of love2 ,teach me the wayward feet to stay1 ,and guide them in the homeward way4 ,teach me ,thy patience2 still with ,thee ,in closer1 dearer company1 ,in work that keeps faith sweet and strong1 ,in trust that triumphs over wrong4 ,in hope that sends a shining ray ,far down the future's broadening way1 ,in peace that only ,thou canst give1 ,with ,thee1 ,o ,master1 let me live6 ,washington ,gladden1 #ahgi4 ,,gladden',s ,,hymn ,,of ,,christian ,,service ,for more than half a century1 until his death in #aiah1 the name of ,washington ,gladden was known throughout the length of the country as one of ,america's most distinguished clergymen4 ,a prolific writer1 his books and his magazine contributions were widely read by the ,american people4 ,like most literary productions1 however1 his books and pamphlets have already been largely forgotten4 ,it is only a little hymn1 written on a moment's inspiration1 that seems destined to preserve ,gladden's name for posterity4 ,that hymn is ,o ,master1 let me walk with ,thee4 ,the author was born in ,pottsgrove1 ,pa41 ,february #aa1 #ahcf4 ,after his graduation from ,williams ,college in #ahei1 he was called as pastor to a ,congregational church in ,brooklyn4 ,in #ahhb he removed to ,columbus1 ,o41 where he remained as pastor until #aiad1 a period of thirty-two years4 ,during these years he exerted a profound influence1 not only over the city of ,columbus1 but in much wider circles4 ,gladden was deeply interested in social service1 believing that it is the duty of the ,christian ,church to elevate the masses not only spiritually and morally1 but in a social and economic sense as well4 ,by sermons1 lectures and by his writings1 he was ever trying to bring about more cordial relationship between employer and employee4 ,gladden was often the center of a storm of criticism on the part of those who charged him with liberalism4 ,his beautiful hymn1 written in #ahgi1 seems to be in part an answer to his critics4 ,it originally consisted of three stanzas of eight lines each4 ,the second stanza1 which was omitted when the poem was first published as a hymn1 indicates how keenly ,gladden felt the condemnation of his opponents3 ,o ,master1 let me walk with ,thee ,before the taunting ,pharisee2 ,help me to bear the sting of spite1 ,the hate of men who hide ,thy light1 ,the sore distrust of souls sincere ,who cannot read ,thy judgments clear1 ,the dulness of the multitude1 ,who dimly guess that ,thou art good4 ,dr4 ,gladden always insisted that he was nothing but a preacher1 and he gloried in his high calling4 ,in spite of busy pastorates1 however1 he always found time to give expression to his literary talent4 ,at one time he was a member of the editorial staff of the ,new ,york ,independent4 ,later he was an editor of the ,sunday ,afternoon1 a weekly magazine4 ,it was in this magazine that ,o ,master1 let me walk with ,thee was first published4 ,the writer had no idea of composing a hymn when it was written1 and no one was more surprised than he at its popularity4 ,he himself agreed that the second stanza quoted above was not suitable for hymn purposes4 ,whatever judgment may be passed on ,dr4 ,gladden's liberalistic views1 it will be agreed that he looked upon ,christianity as an intensely practical thing2 and1 if he underestimated the value of ,christian dogma1 it was because he emphasized so strongly the necessity of ,christian life and practice4 ,he was always buoyed up by a hopeful spirit1 and he believed implicitly that the ,kingdom of ,light was gradually overcoming the forces of evil4 ,in one of his last sermons1 he said3 ,i have never doubted that the ,kingdom ,i have always prayed for is coming2 that the gospel ,i have preached is true4 ,i believe 444 that the nation is being saved4 ,something of his optimism may be seen reflected in the words of his hymn4 ,a ,hymn of the ,city ,where cross the crowded ways of life1 ,where sound the cries of race and clan1 ,above the noise of selfish strife1 ,we hear ,thy voice1 ,o ,son of man6 ,in haunts of wretchedness and need1 ,on shadowed thresholds dark with fears1 ,from paths where hide the lures of greed1 ,we catch the vision of ,thy tears4 ,from tender childhood's helplessness1 ,from woman's grief1 man's burdened toil1 ,from famished souls1 from sorrow's stress1 ,thy heart has never known recoil4 ,the cup of water given for ,thee ,still holds the freshness of ,thy grace2 ,yet long these multitudes to see ,the sweet compassion of ,thy face4 ,o ,master1 from the mountain-side1 ,make haste to heal these hearts of pain1 ,among these restless throngs abide1 ,o tread the city's streets again1 ,till sons of men shall learn ,thy love ,and follow where ,thy feet have trod2 ,till glorious from ,thy heaven above ,shall come the city of our ,god4 ,frank ,mason ,north1 #aije4 ,a ,,hymn ,,with ,a ,,modern ,,message ,among the more recent hymns that have found their way into the hymn-books of the ,christian churches in ,america1 there is none that enjoys such popularity and esteem as ,frank ,mason ,north's hymn1 ,where cross the crowded ways of life4 ,it is a hymn of the highest order1 beautiful in thought and unusually tender in expression4 ,it is typical of the trend in modern hymns to emphasize the ,church's mission among the lowly and the fallen4 ,from beginning to end this hymn is a picture of the modern city with its sins and sorrows and spiritual hunger4 ,we see the city as the meeting place of all races and tongues2 we hear the din and noise of selfish striving2 we behold the haunts of poverty and sin and wretchedness2 we catch a glimpse of the sufferings of helpless childhood1 of woman's secret griefs and man's ceaseless toil4 ,and all these multitudes are hungering for ,christ6 ,north has1 consciously or unconsciously1 made a striking distinction between mere social service work1 which aims at the alleviation of human need and suffering1 and inner mission work1 which seeks to help men spiritually as well as physically4 ,the cup of water is never to be despised1 but when it is given in ,christ's ,name it has double value2 for it is ,christ ,himself1 after all1 that men need1 and it is only ,christ who can truly satisfy4 ,social service can never take the place of salvation4 ,what a beautiful prayer is that contained in the fifth stanza1 where the ,master is entreated to tread the city's streets again6 ,and then1 as a fitting climax to this whole remarkable poem1 comes the triumphant thought expressed in the final lines of the coming of the ,new ,jerusalem from above--the city of our ,god4 ,north was well qualified to write such a hymn4 ,he himself was a child of the city1 having been born in ,america's greatest metropolis in #ahej4 ,his early education1 too1 was received in ,new ,york ,city and after his graduation from ,wesleyan ,university in #ahgb he served several congregations in the city of his birth4 ,in #ahib he was made ,corresponding ,secretary of the ,new ,york ,city ,church ,extension and ,missionary ,society and in #aiab he was elected a ,corresponding ,secretary of the ,methodist ,episcopal ,board of ,foreign ,missions4 ,thus1 almost his whole life has been devoted to missionary activities at home and abroad4 ,it was in #aije1 in response to a request from the ,methodist hymnal committee1 that ,north wrote his celebrated hymn4 ,he tells the story in the following words3 ,my life was for long years1 both by personal choice1 and official duty1 given to the people in all phases of their community life4 ,new ,york was to me an open book4 ,i spent days and weeks and years in close contact with every phase of the life of the multitudes1 and at the morning1 noon and evening hours was familiar with the tragedy1 as it always seemed to me1 of the jostling1 moving currents of the life of the people as revealed upon the streets and at great crossings of the avenues2 and ,i have watched them by the hour as they passed1 by tens of thousands4 ,this is no more than many another man whose sympathies are with the crowd and with the eager1 unsatisfied folk of the world1 has done4 ,as ,i recall it1 ,i came to write the hymn itself at the suggestion of ,professor ,c4 ,t4 ,winchester1 who1 as a member of the committee on the new hymnal1 was struggling with the fact that we have so few modern missionary hymns4 ,he said to me one day1 ',why do you not write us a missionary hymn8' ,i wrote what was in my thought and feeling4444 ,that it has found its way into so many of the modern hymnals and by translation into so many of the other languages1 is significant not as to the quality of the hymn itself but as to the fact that it is an expression of the tremendous movement of the soul of the gospel in our times which demands that the follower of ,christ must make the interest of the people his own1 and must find the heart of the world's need if he is in any way to represent his ,master among men4 ,another lovely hymn by ,north was written in #ahhd4 ,the first stanza reads3 ,jesus1 the calm that fills my breast ,no other heart than ,thine can give2 ,this peace unstirred1 this joy of rest1 ,none but ,thy loved ones can receive4 ,the spirit of this hymn reminds us very much of the two classic hymns of ,bernard of ,clairvaux--,o ,jesus1 joy of loving hearts and ,jesus1 the very thought of ,thee4 ,the last line quoted above is evidently inspired by a line from the latter hymn4 ,a ,gripping ,hymn by a ,girl ,o'er ,jerusalem ,thou weepest ,in compassion1 dearest ,lord6 ,love divine1 of love the deepest1 ,o'er ,thine erring ,israel poured1 ,crieth out in bitter moan1 ,o loved city1 hadst thou known ,this thy day of visitation1 ,thou wouldst not reject salvation4 ,by the love ,thy tears are telling1 ,o ,thou ,lamb for sinners slain1 ,make my heart ,thy temple dwelling1 ,purged from every guilty stain6 ,o forgive1 forgive my sin6 ,cleanse me1 cleanse me1 ,lord1 within6 ,i am ,thine since ,thou hast sought me1 ,since ,thy precious blood hath bought me4 ,o ,thou ,lord of my salvation1 ,grant my soul ,thy blood-bought peace4 ,by the tears of lamentation ,bid my faith and love increase4 ,grant me grace to love ,thy ,word1 ,grace to keep the message heard1 ,grace to own ,thee as my ,treasure1 ,grace to love ,thee without measure4 ,anna ,hoppe1 #aiai4 ,a ,,lutheran ,,psalmist ,,of ,,today ,it is gratifying to know that the spirit of hymnody is not dead1 and that still today consecrated men and women are being inspired to sing new songs unto ,jehovah1 ,in ,milwaukee1 ,wis41 lives a young woman who for several years has been attracting wide-spread attention by her ,christian lyrics4 ,her name is ,anna ,hoppe1 and the hymns she writes suggest strongly something of the style and spirit of the ,lutheran hymns of a by-gone age4 ,born of ,german parents in ,milwaukee in #ahhi1 she began to write verse in early childhood4 ,most of them were on patriotic themes1 such as ,washington1 ,lincoln1 ,the ,battle of ,gettysburg1 and ,paul ,jones4 ,at the age of about eleven1 ,miss ,hoppe tells us1 ,i wrote a few lines on ,angels4 ,it was at the age of twenty-five years1 however1 that she began in earnest the writing of spiritual poetry4 ,many of her poems were published in religious periodicals and aroused much interest4 ,in the hymnal of the ,augustana ,synod1 published in #aibe1 twenty-three of her hymns were included4 ,since that time a collection of her hymns under the title1 ,songs of the ,church ,year1 has appeared4 ,in #aicj eight of her lyrics were published in the ,american ,lutheran ,hymnal4 ,as a prolific writer of hymns1 ,miss ,hoppe probably has no equal in the ,lutheran ,church today4 ,her unusual talent seems all the more remarkable when it is known that she is practically self-educated4 ,after she had finished the eighth grade in the ,milwaukee public schools1 she entered a business office4 ,since that time she has worked continuously1 and has received the benefit of only a few months' training at evening schools4 ,at present she is employed in the office of the ,westinghouse ,company4 ,her hymns are composed in the midst of the stress and hurry of modern life4 ,many of my hymns1 she writes1 have been written on my way to and from church1 and to and from work4 ,i utilize my lunch hours for typing the hymns and keeping up correspondence4 ,i used to do quite a bit of writing on ,sunday afternoons1 but now we have a ,layman's ,hour in our church at that time1 and ,i do not like to miss it4 ,i also attend our ,fundamentalist ,bible lectures1 ,jewish mission meetings1 and the like4 ,still ,i find a minute here and there in which to jot down some verse4 ,although few of ,miss ,hoppe's hymns rise to heights of poetic rapture1 they are characterized by a warmth of feeling and fervency of spirit that make them true lyrics4 ,they are thoroughly ,scriptural in language1 although they sometimes become too dogmatic in phraseology4 ,a deep certainty of faith1 however1 breathes through their lines and saves them from becoming prosaic4 ,one of her most beautiful hymns is for ,new ,year's4 ,its opening stanza reads3 ,jesus1 ,o precious ,name1 ,by heaven's herald spoken1 ,jesus1 ,o holy ,name1 ,of love divine the token4 ,jesus1 in ,thy dear ,name ,this new year we begin2 ,bless ,thou its opening door1 ,inscribe ,thy ,name within4 ,a hymn for ,epiphany reflects something of the same spirit of adoration3 ,desire of every nation1 ,light of the ,gentiles1 ,thou6 ,in fervent adoration ,before ,thy throne we bow2 ,our hearts and tongues adore ,thee1 ,blest ,dayspring from the skies4 ,like incense sweet before ,thee1 ,permit our songs to rise4 ,the final stanza of her ,ascension hymn is full of poetic fire3 ,ascend1 dear ,lord6 ,thou ,lamb for sinners slain1 ,thou blest ,high ,priest1 ascend6 ,o ,king of kings1 in righteousness e'er reign1 ,thy kingdom hath no end4 ,thy ransomed host on earth rejoices1 ,while angels lift in song their voices4 ,ascend1 dear ,lord6 ,her fidelity to ,scriptural language may be seen in the following simple verses3 ,have ye heard the invitation1 ,sinners ruined by the fall8 ,famished souls who seek salvation1 ,have ye heard the loving call8 ,hark6 a herald of the ,father ,bids you of ,his supper taste4 ,round the sacred table gather2 ,all is ready2 sinners1 haste6 ,o ye chosen1 have ye slighted ,this sweet call to you proclaimed8 ,lo6 the ,king hath now invited ,all the halt1 the blind1 the maimed3 ,come1 ye poor from out the highways1 ,come1 a feast awaits you1 come6 ,leave the hedges and the byways1 ,hasten to the ,father's home4 ,we have heard ,thee call1 dear ,father1 ,in ,thy ,word and sacrament2 ,round ,thy festal board we'll gather ,till our life's last day is spent4 ,ours the risen ,saviour's merit1 ,ours the bounties of ,thy love1 ,ours ,thy peace1 till we inherit ,endless life in heaven above4 ,miss ,hoppe speaks in glowing terms of the spiritual impressions received in childhood from pious parents and a consecrated pastor1 the sainted ,john ,bading1 who both baptized and confirmed her4 ,her father died in #aiaj4 ,he was a very pious ,lutheran1 she writes1 and so is mother4 ,they often spoke of afternoon prayer meetings they attended in ,germany4 ,some of her hymns not already mentioned are1 ,by nature deaf to things divine1 ,heavenly ,sower1 ,thou hast scattered1 ,how blest are they who through the power1 ,lord ,jesus ,christ1 the children's ,friend1 ,o dear ,redeemer1 crucified1 ,o precious ,saviour1 heal and bless1 ,o'er ,jerusalem ,thou weepest1 ,precious ,child1 so sweetly sleeping1 ,repent1 the ,kingdom draweth nigh1 ,the ,sower goeth forth to sow1 ,thou camest down from heaven on high1 ,thou hast indeed made manifest1 ,thou ,lord of life and death1 ,thou virgin-born incarnate ,word1 ,o ,lord1 my ,god1 ,thy holy law1 ,jesus1 ,thine unbounded love1 ,he did not die in vain1 ,i open wide the portals of my heart1 ,rise1 my soul1 to watch and pray1 ,o joyful message1 sent from heaven1 ,o ,thou who once in ,galilee1 and ,thou goest to ,jerusalem4 ,she is the translator of ,o precious thought6 some day the mist shall vanish1 a hymn from the ,swedish1 as well as some eighty gems from ,german hymnody4 ,thirty-two of her ,german translations appeared in ,the ,selah ,song ,book1 edited by ,adolf ,t4 ,hanser in #aibb4 ,many of ,miss ,hoppe's hymns have been written on the pericopes of the ,church ,year4 ,she has consistently refused to have her hymns copyrighted1 believing that no hindrance should be put in the way of any one who desires to use them4 ,up to #aicj nearly #djj hymns had appeared from ,miss ,hoppe's pen4 ,her ambition is to write a thousand original ,christian lyrics4 ,a ,song of ,victory ,rise1 ye children of salvation1 ,all who cleave to ,christ1 the ,head6 ,wake1 arise1 ,o mighty nation1 ,ere the foe on ,zion tread3 ,he draws nigh1 and would defy ,all the hosts of ,god ,most ,high4 ,saints and heroes1 long before us1 ,firmly on this ground have stood2 ,see their banner waving o'er us1 ,conquerors through the ,saviour's blood6 ,ground we hold whereon of old ,fought the faithful and the bold4 ,fighting1 we shall be victorious ,by the blood of ,christ our ,lord2 ,on our foreheads1 bright and glorious1 ,shines the witness of ,his ,word2 ,spear and shield on battlefield1 ,his great ,name2 we cannot yield4 ,when ,his servants stand before ,him1 ,each receiving his reward-- ,when ,his saints in light adore ,him1 ,giving glory to the ,lord-- ,victory6 our song shall be1 ,like the thunder of the sea4 ,justus ,falckner1 #afig4 ,,survey ,,of ,,american ,,lutheran ,,hymnody ,it is a significant fact that the first ,lutheran pastor to be ordained in ,america was a hymn-writer4 ,he was ,justus ,falckner1 author of the stirring hymn1 ,rise1 ye children of salvation4 ,falckner1 who was born on ,november #bb1 #afgb1 in ,langenreinsdorf1 ,saxony1 was the son of a ,lutheran pastor at that place4 ,he entered the ,university of ,halle in #afic as a student of theology under ,francke1 but for conscientious reasons refused to be ordained upon the completion of his studies4 ,together with his brother ,daniel he became associated with the ,william ,penn colony in ,america and arranged for the sale of #aj1jjj acres of land to ,rev4 ,andreas ,rudman1 who was the spiritual leader of the ,swedish ,lutherans along the ,delaware4 ,through ,rudman's influence ,falckner was induced to enter the ministry1 and on ,november #bd1 #agjc1 he was ordained in ,gloria ,dei ,lutheran ,church at ,wicacoa1 ,philadelphia4 ,the ordination service was carried out by the ,swedish ,lutheran pastors1 ,rudman1 ,erik ,bjork1 and ,andreas ,sandel4 ,falckner was the first ,german ,lutheran pastor in ,america1 and he also had the distinction of building the first ,german ,lutheran church in the ,new ,world--at ,falckner's ,swamp1 ,new ,hanover1 ,pa4 ,later he removed to ,new ,york1 where for twenty years he labored faithfully among the ,german1 ,dutch1 and ,scandinavian settlers in a parish that extended some two hundred miles from ,albany to ,long ,island4 ,it seems that ,falckner's hymn1 ,rise1 ye children of salvation1 was written while he was a student at ,halle4 ,it appeared as early as #afig in ,geistreiches ,gesangbuch1 and in #agjd it was given a place in ,freylinghausen's hymn-book4 ,there is no evidence that ,falckner ever translated it into ,english4 ,since the ,lutheran ,church in ,america to a large extent employed the ,german and ,scandinavian languages in its worship1 it was content for nearly two hundred years to depend on hymn-books originating in the ,old ,world4 ,not until the latter half of the nineteenth century were serious efforts made to provide ,lutheran hymn-books in the ,english language4 ,writers of original hymns were few in number1 but a number of excellent translators appeared4 ,through the efforts of these translators1 an increasing number of ,lutheran hymns from the rich store of ,german and ,scandinavian hymnody are being introduced in the hymn-books of this country4 ,pioneers in this endeavor about half a century ago were ,charles ,porterfield ,krauth1 noted theologian and vice-provost of the ,university of ,pennsylvania2 ,joseph ,a4 ,seiss1 of ,philadelphia1 pastor and author1 to whom we are indebted for the translation of ,beautiful ,saviour and ,winter reigns o'er many a region2 and ,charles ,william ,schaeffer1 ,philadelphia theologian1 who translated ,held's ,come1 ,o come1 ,thou quickening ,spirit and ,rambach's beautiful baptism hymn1 ,father1 ,son1 and ,holy ,spirit4 ,mrs4 ,harriet ,krauth ,spaeth also belongs to this group1 her most notable contribution being the translation of the medieval ,christian hymn1 ,behold1 a ,branch is growing4 ,later translators of ,german hymns were ,matthias ,loy1 for many years president of ,capital ,university1 ,columbus1 ,ohio2 ,august ,crull1 professor of ,german at ,concordia ,college1 ,fort ,wayne1 ,ind41 and ,conrad ,h4 ,l4 ,schuette1 professor of theology at ,capital ,university and later president of the ,joint ,synod of ,ohio4 ,loy was not only a translator but also an author of no mean ability4 ,among his original hymns that seem destined to live are ,jesus took the babes and blessed them1 ,i thank ,thee1 ,jesus1 for the grief1 and ,o great ,high ,priest1 forget not me4 ,his splendid translations include such hymns as ,selnecker's ,let me be ,thine forever1 ,schenck's ,now our worship sweet is o'er and ,hiller's ,god in human flesh appearing4 ,from ,schuette we have received in ,english dress ,behm's ,o holy1 blessed ,trinity1 while ,crull's most successful translations are ,homburg's ,where wilt ,thou go1 since night draws near8 and ,ludaemilia ,elizabeth of ,schwartzburg-,rudolstadt's beautiful hymn1 ,jesus1 ,jesus1 ,jesus only4 ,among the living translators of ,german hymns1 ,h4 ,brueckner1 professor at ,hebron ,college1 ,hebron1 ,nebraska1 takes first rank4 ,in the ,american ,lutheran ,hymnal1 published in #aicj by a ,lutheran intersynodical committee1 he is represented by some seventy translations from the ,german1 three from the ,french1 and four original hymns4 ,although ,brueckner's work is too recent to be properly evaluated1 his hymns reveal evidences of genuine lyrical quality and true devotional spirit4 ,other successful translators of ,german hymns are ,john ,caspar ,mattes1 ,lutheran pastor at ,scranton1 ,pa42 ,emmanuel ,cronenwett1 pastor emeritus at ,butler1 ,pa41 and ,paul ,e4 ,kretzmann1 of ,concordia ,seminary1 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo41 ,lutheran theologian and commentator4 ,to ,mattes we are indebted for the ,english version of ,gotter's ,friend of the weary1 ,o refresh us and ,albinus' ,smite us not in anger1 ,lord4 ,cronenwett and ,kretzmann have written a number of excellent original hymns in addition to their translations4 ,the ,american ,lutheran ,hymnal contains nine of these by the former and seventeen from the pen of the latter4 ,cronenwett's hymns are chiefly didactic1 but occasionally he soars to lyrical heights1 as in ,of omnipresent grace ,i sing4 ,among ,kretzmann's best efforts are ,lead on1 ,o ,lord and ,praise and honor to the ,father4 ,a note of praise to the ,holy ,trinity is heard in practically all of ,kretzmann's hymns4 ,the foremost translator of ,swedish hymns is ,ernst ,w4 ,olson1 office editor of ,augustana ,book ,concern1 ,rock ,island1 ,ill4 ,from his gifted pen we have received the ,english version of such gems as ,wallin's ,all hail to thee1 ,o blessed morn1 ,from peaceful slumber waking1 ,jerusalem1 lift up thy voice1 ,mute are the pleading lips of ,him1 and ,heavenly ,light1 benignly beaming2 ,franzen's ,ajar the temple gates are swinging1 ,come1 ,o ,jesus1 and prepare me1 and ,when vesper bells are calling2 ,soderberg's ,in the temple where our fathers1 ,geijer's ,in triumph our ,redeemer1 ,petri's ,now hail we our ,redeemer and ,thy sacred ,word1 ,o ,lord1 of old1 and ,carl ,olof ,rosenius' ,with ,god and ,his mercy1 ,his ,spirit and ,word4 ,olson has also written a number of excellent original hymns1 including ,mine eyes unto the mountains1 ,behold1 by sovereign grace alone1 and ,glorious yuletide1 glad bells proclaim it4 ,other translators of ,swedish hymns include ,claude ,w4 ,foss1 professor of history at ,augustana ,college1 ,rock ,island1 ,ill42 ,victor ,o4 ,peterson1 formerly with the same institution1 but now deceased2 ,george ,h4 ,trabert1 ,lutheran pastor at ,minneapolis1 ,minn42 ,augustus ,nelson1 ,lutheran pastor at ,gibbon1 ,minn42 ,olof ,olsson1 for many years president of ,augustana ,college1 and ,august ,w4 ,kjellstrand1 who until his death in #aicj was professor of ,english at the same institution4 ,among the finest contributions by ,foss are translations of ,nystrom's ,o ,fount of truth and mercy1 ,hedborn's ,with holy joy my soul doth beat1 and ,franzen's ,thy scepter1 ,jesus1 shall extend4 ,nelson has given us beautiful renderings of ,franzen's ,prepare the way1 ,o ,zion and ,awake1 the watchman crieth1 and ,wallin's ,jesus1 ,lord and precious ,saviour4 ,peterson is the translator of ,arrhenius' ,jesus is my friend most precious and ,wallin's ,advent hymn1 ,o bride of ,christ1 rejoice4 ,olsson1 who was one of the earliest translators of ,swedish lyrics1 has given us ,franzen's communion hymn1 ,thine own1 ,o loving ,saviour1 and another on the ,lord's ,supper by ,spegel1 ,the death of ,jesus ,christ1 our ,lord4 ,kjellstrand's version of ,hedborn's sublime hymn of praise1 ,holy ,majesty1 before ,thee1 is one of the most successful efforts at converting ,swedish hymns into the ,english language4 ,to these translators should also be added the name of ,anders ,o4 ,bersell1 for many years professor of ,greek at ,augustana ,college1 who gave poetic ,english form to ,lina ,sandell's ,jerusalem1 ,jerusalem and ,rutstrom's ,come1 ,saviour dear1 with us abide4 ,a number of translators and writers besides those here named made new contributions to the ,hymnal of the ,augustana ,synod published in #aibe4 ,about twenty-five years ago a group of literary men within the ,norwegian ,lutheran ,synods undertook the task of translating some of the gems of ,danish and ,norwegian hymnody4 ,among these were ,c4 ,doving1 now a city missionary in ,chicago2 ,george ,t4 ,rygh1 also residing at the present time in ,chicago2 ,c4 ,k4 ,solberg1 pastor of ,st4 ,paul's ,lutheran ,church1 ,minneapolis1 ,minn42 ,o4 ,t4 ,sanden1 and ,o4 ,h4 ,smedby1 former ,lutheran pastor at ,albert ,lea1 ,minn41 now deceased4 ,doving's masterpiece undoubtedly is his translation of ,grundtvig's ,built on the ,rock1 the ,church doth stand1 although he will also be remembered for his rendering of ,holm's ,how blessed is the little flock1 and ,landstad's ,before ,thee1 ,god1 who knowest all4 ,rygh's contribution consists of the translation of such hymns as ,grundtvig's ,peace to soothe our bitter woes1 ,kingo's ,our table now with food is spread1 ,landstad's ,speak1 ,o ,lord1 ,thy servant heareth1 ,boye's ,o ,light of ,god's most wondrous love1 and ,brun's ,heavenly ,spirit1 all others transcending4 ,sanden has translated ,brun's ,the sun has gone down1 while ,smedby has left us a fine version of ,boye's ,abide with us1 the day is waning4 ,while ,solberg has translated some hymns1 he is known better as a writer of original lyrics4 ,among these are ,lift up your eyes1 ye ,christians1 ,fellow ,christians1 let us gather1 and ,o blessed ,light from heaven4 ,foremost among recent translators of ,danish hymns are ,j4 ,c4 ,aaberg1 pastor of ,st4 ,peter's ,danish ,lutheran church1 ,minneapolis1 ,minn41 and ,p4 ,c4 ,paulsen1 pastor of ,golgotha ,danish ,lutheran church1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,in the ,american ,lutheran ,hymnal there are nineteen translations by ,aaberg1 while ,paulsen is represented by a like number4 ,through the efforts of these men1 both of whom possess no mean poetic ability1 many of the finest hymns of ,brorson1 ,kingo1 ,grundtvig1 ,ingemann1 ,vig1 and ,pawels have been introduced to ,american ,lutherans4 ,paulsen is the author of three original hymns1 ,blest is he who cries to heaven1 ,take my heart1 ,o ,jesus1 and ,let us go to ,galilee1 while ,aaberg has written ,there is a blessed power4 ,one of the most richly endowed hymn-writers in the ,lutheran ,church today is ,a4 ,f4 ,rohr1 pastor at ,fremont1 ,o4 ,from his pen we have received such hymns as ,eternal ,god1 omnipotent1 ,lord of life and light and blessing1 ,from afar1 across the waters1 and ,living ,fountain1 freely flowing4 ,for poetic expression and graceful rhythm his hymns are unsurpassed by any contemporary writer4 ,he also combines such depth of feeling with the lyrical qualities of his hymns1 they no doubt possess enduring qualities4 ,witness the following hymn3 ,living ,fountain1 freely flowing ,in the sheen of heaven's day1 ,grace and life on us bestowing1 ,wash ,thou all our sins away4 ,fountain whence alone the living ,draw the life they boast as theirs1 ,by ,thy grace1 a gift whose giving ,life of life forever shares4 ,who ,thy mighty depths can measure8 ,who can sound1 with earthly line1 ,thy profundity of treasure1 ,thy infinity divine8 ,they who quaff ,thy wave shall never ,thirst again2 for springing free ,in their hearts1 a fount forever ,thou to them of life shall be4 ,may we drink of ,thee rejoicing1 ,till on heaven's sinless shore ,we ,thy virtues shall be voicing ,with the blest for evermore4 ,samuel ,m4 ,miller1 dean of the ,lutheran ,bible ,institute1 ,minneapolis1 ,minn41 is the writer of a number of spiritual songs and hymns that have become popular in ,bible conference circles4 ,among his hymns are ,in the holy ,father's keeping and ,when ,jesus comes in glory4 ,w4 ,h4 ,lehmann1 superintendent of home missions in the ,american ,lutheran ,church1 has written ,take ,thou my life1 dear ,lord1 and ,beneath ,thy cross ,i stand1 the latter a passion hymn of rare beauty3 ,beneath ,thy cross ,i stand ,and view ,thy marred face2 ,o ,son of man1 must ,thou thus die ,to save a fallen race8 ,alone ,thou bear'st the wrath ,that should on sinners fall1 ,while from ,thy holy wounds forthflows ,a stream of life for all4 ,o ,lamb of ,god so meek1 ,beneath ,thy cross ,i bow3 ,heart-stricken1 all my sins confess-- ,o hear1 forgive me now6 ,o ,son of ,god1 look down ,in mercy now on me ,and heal my wounds of sin and death1 ,that ,i may live to ,thee6 ,,index ,,of ,,notable ,,hymns ,,especially ,,presented ,,in ,,this ,,volume ,the ,angelic ,hymn #ab ,glory be to ,god on high4 ,the ,oldest ,christian ,hymn #ah ,shepherd of tender youth4--,clement of ,alexandria4 ,an ,ambrosian ,advent ,hymn #bd ,come1 ,thou ,saviour of our race4--,aurelius ,ambrose4 ,a ,prophetic ,easter ,hymn #cj ,welcome1 happy morning6--,venantius ,fortunatus4 ,a ,tribute to the ,dying ,saviour #cd ,o sacred ,head1 now wounded4--,bernard of ,clairvaux4 ,the ,battle ,hymn of the ,reformation #db ,a mighty ,fortress is our ,god4--,luther4 ,a ,metrical ,gloria in ,excelsis #eb ,all glory be to ,thee1 ,most ,high4--,nicolaus ,decius4 ,a ,beautiful ,confirmation ,hymn #eh ,let me be ,thine forever4--,nicolaus ,selnecker4 ,a ,masterpiece of ,hymnody #fd ,wake1 awake1 for night is flying4--,philipp ,nicolai4 ,a ,tribute to the ,dying ,saviour #fh ,ah1 holy ,jesus1 how hast ,thou offended4--,johann ,heermann4 ,the ,swan ,song of ,gustavus ,adolphus #gf ,be not dismayed1 thou little flock4--,johann ,michael ,altenberg4 ,rinkart's ,hymn of ,praise #hj ,now thank we all our ,god4--,martin ,rinkart4 ,a ,joyous ,christmas ,carol #hd ,all my heart this night rejoices4--,paul ,gerhardt4 ,a ,glorious ,paean of ,praise #ib ,praise to the ,lord1 the ,almighty4--,joachim ,neander4 ,a ,hymn ,classic by ,scheffler #ih ,thee will ,i love1 my ,strength1 my ,tower4--,johann ,scheffler4 ,a ,gem among ,pietistic ,hymns #ajb ,o ,jesus1 ,source of calm repose4--,johann ,anastasius ,freylinghausen4 ,a ,hymn of ,longing for ,christ #aaj ,o ,son of ,god1 we wait for ,thee4--,philipp ,friedrich ,hiller4 ,a ,noble ,hymn of ,worship #aaf ,light of light1 enlighten me4--,benjamin ,schmolck4 ,a ,hymn on the ,mystical ,union #abb ,thou hidden love of ,god4--,gerhard ,tersteegen4 ,following a ,heavenly ,leader #abf ,jesus1 still lead on4--,nicolaus ,ludwig ,count ,zinzendorf4 ,a ,glorious ,hymn of ,adoration #acj ,beautiful ,saviour4 ,a ,classical ,harvest ,hymn #acd ,we plow the fields4--,matthias ,claudius4 ,a ,picture of a ,christian ,home #adj ,o happy home1 where ,thou art loved the dearest4--,carl ,johann ,spitta4 ,a ,hymn in ,luther's ,style #adh ,our ,father1 merciful and good4--,olavus ,petri4 ,a ,model ,hymn of ,invocation #aed ,o ,lord1 give heed unto our plea4--,jesper ,swedberg4 ,wallin's ,sublime ,morning ,hymn #afj ,again ,thy glorious sun doth rise4--,johan ,olof ,wallin4 ,a ,vision of ,christ's ,triumph #afh ,thy scepter1 ,jesus1 shall extend4--,frans ,michael ,franzen4 ,a ,longing ,for ,home #agf ,jerusalem1 ,jerusalem4--,carolina ,vilhelmina ,sandell ,berg4 ,kingo's ,sunrise ,hymn #ahd ,the sun arises now4--,thomas ,kingo4 ,the ,great ,white ,host #aij ,behold1 a host arrayed in white4--,hans ,adolph ,brorson4 ,a ,prayer to the ,holy ,spirit #aif ,holy ,spirit1 come with light4--,nicolai ,grundtvig4 ,a ,norwegian ,miserere #bjb ,before ,thee1 ,god1 who knowest all4--,magnus ,brorstrup ,landstad4 ,ken's ,immortal ,evening ,hymn #bjh ,glory to ,thee1 my ,god1 this night4--,thomas ,ken4 ,the ,pearl of ,english ,hymnody #bad ,when ,i survey the wondrous cross4--,watts4 ,seeking the ,heavenly ,prize #bbj ,awake1 my soul1 stretch every nerve4--,philip ,doddridge4 ,a ,hymn of the ,ages #bbd ,jesus1 ,lover of my soul4--,charles ,wesley4 ,another ,hymn of the ,ages #bcb ,rock of ,ages1 cleft for me4--,augustus ,m4 ,toplady4 ,the ,coronation ,hymn #bch ,all hail the power of ,jesus' ,name4--,edward ,perronet4 ,in ,praise of the ,word of ,god #bdd ,father of ,mercies4--,anne ,steele4 ,the ,name above ,all ,names #bdh ,how sweet the ,name of ,jesus sounds4--,john ,newton4 ,a ,hymn on ,god's ,providence #beb ,god moves in a mysterious way4--,william ,cowper4 ,a ,hymn of ,gracious ,invitation #beh ,come1 ye disconsolate1 where'er ye languish4--,thomas ,moore4 ,a ,beautiful ,lyric on ,prayer #bfb ,prayer is the soul's sincere desire4--,james ,montgomery4 ,a ,sublime ,hymn of ,adoration #bfh ,holy1 ,holy1 ,holy1 ,lord ,god ,almighty4--,reginald ,heber4 ,a ,hymn ,that ,wins ,souls #bgd ,just as ,i am1 without one plea4--,charlotte ,elliott4 ,the ,sun ,that ,ne'er ,goes ,down #bgh ,sun of my soul1 ,thou ,saviour dear4--,john ,keble4 ,the ,hymn of a ,perplexed ,soul #bhd ,lead1 kindly ,light4--,john ,henry ,newman4 ,a ,hymn ,written in the ,shadows #bij ,abide with me6 fast falls the eventide4--,henry ,francis ,lyte4 ,a ,woman's ,gift to the ,church #bif ,nearer1 my ,god1 to ,thee4--,sarah ,adams4 ,that ,sweet ,story of ,old #cjj ,i think1 when ,i read that sweet story of old4--,jemima ,luke4 ,redemption's ,story in a ,hymn #cjd ,there is a green hill far away4--,cecil ,frances ,alexander4 ,the ,voice of ,jesus #caj ,i heard the voice of ,jesus say4--,horatius ,bonar4 ,the ,dayspring from on ,high #caf ,o very ,god of very ,god4--,john ,mason ,neale4 ,a ,great ,marching ,song #cbb ,onward1 ,christian soldiers4--,sabine ,baring-,gould4 ,a ,rapturous ,hymn of ,adoration #cbf ,o ,saviour1 precious ,saviour4--,frances ,ridley ,havergal4 ,the ,emblem that ,survives #ccb ,in the cross of ,christ ,i glory4--,john ,bowring4 ,a ,hymn ,that ,opens ,hearts #ccf ,o ,jesus1 ,thou art standing4--,william ,walsham ,how4 ,a ,blind ,man's ,hymn of ,faith #cdj ,o ,love that wilt not let me go4--,george ,matheson4 ,the ,first ,american ,hymn #cdf ,i love ,thy ,zion1 ,lord4--,timothy ,dwight4 ,the ,hymn of a ,wounded ,spirit #ceb ,i love to steal awhile away4--,phoebe ,hinsdale ,brown4 ,a ,triumphant ,missionary ,hymn #ceh ,hail to the brightness of ,zion's glad morning4--,thomas ,hastings4 ,key's ,hymn of ,praise #cfb ,lord1 with glowing heart ,i'd praise ,thee4--,francis ,scott ,key4 ,bryant's ,home ,mission ,hymn #cff ,look from ,thy sphere of endless day4--,william ,cullen ,bryant4 ,an ,exquisite ,baptismal ,hymn #cgj ,saviour1 who ,thy flock art feeding4--,william ,augustus ,muhlenberg4 ,the ,way1 the ,truth1 and the ,life #cgd ,thou art the ,way1 the ,truth1 the ,life4--,george ,washington ,doane4 ,the ,quaker ,poet's ,prayer #cgh ,dear ,lord and ,father of mankind4--,john ,greenleaf ,whittier4 ,palmer's ,famous ,hymn #chb ,my faith looks up to ,thee4--,ray ,palmer4 ,a ,hopeful ,missionary ,lyric #chh ,the morning light is breaking4--,samuel ,francis ,smith4 ,a ,pearl among ,christmas ,carols #cid ,it came upon the midnight clear4--,edmund ,hamilton ,sears4 ,mrs4 ,stowe's ,hymn ,masterpiece #cih ,still1 still with ,thee4--,harriet ,beecher ,stowe4 ,bishop ,coxe's ,missionary ,hymn #djf ,saviour1 sprinkle many nations4--,arthur ,cleveland ,coxe4 ,the ,hymn of a ,consecrated ,woman #daj ,more love to ,thee1 ,o ,christ4--,elisabeth ,payson ,prentiss4 ,a ,hymn of the ,sea #dad ,jesus1 ,saviour1 pilot me4--,edward ,hopper4 ,a ,rally ,hymn of the ,church #dah ,stand up1 stand up for ,jesus4--,george ,duffield4 ,a ,hymn of ,spiritual ,yearning #dbb ,we would see ,jesus4--,anna ,bartlett ,warner4 ,a ,famous ,christmas ,carol #dbf ,o little town of ,bethlehem4--,phillips ,brooks4 ,the ,story ,that ,never ,grows ,old #dcj ,i love to hear the story4--,emily ,huntington ,miller4 ,a ,hymn of ,sweet ,consolation #dcd ,safe in the arms of ,jesus4--,frances ,jane ,crosby4 ,the ,call of the ,gospel ,song #ddj ,sing them over again to me4--,philip ,p4 ,bliss4 ,chautauqua ,vesper ,hymn #ddd ,day is dying in the west4--,mary ,artimisia ,lathbury4 ,in ,his ,footsteps #ddh ,o ,master1 let me walk with ,thee4--,washington ,gladden4 ,a ,hymn of the ,city #deb ,where cross the crowded ways of life4--,frank ,mason ,north4 ,a ,gripping ,hymn by a ,girl #def ,o'er ,jerusalem ,thou weepest4--,anna ,hoppe4 ,a ,song of ,victory #dfb ,rise1 ye children of salvation4--,justus ,falckner4 ,,alphabetical ,,index ,,of ,,hymns ,,and ,,sources ,,page ,a ,babe is born in ,bethlehem #bjj ,a charge to keep ,i have #bbg ,a few more years shall roll #cac1 #cad ,a great and mighty wonder #bb ,a mighty ,fortress is our ,god #db1 #gh ,a pilgrim and a stranger #hi ,a voice1 a heavenly voice ,i hear #afg ,abide with me1 fast falls the eventide #ahc1 #bga1 #bij1 #bia ,abide with us1 ,our ,saviour #gc ,abide with us1 the day is waning #dfh ,according to ,thy gracious ,word #bfc ,again ,thy glorious sun doth rise #afj1 #afg ,agnus ,dei #eg ,ah1 holy ,jesus1 how hast ,thou offended #fh ,ajar the temple gates are swinging #agj1 #dff ,alas1 and did my ,saviour bleed #bah ,alas1 my ,god1 my sins are great #fc ,all blessing1 honor1 thanks1 and praise #ed ,all glory be to ,god on high #eb1 #ef1 #cjh ,all glory be to ,thee1 ,most ,high #eb1 #ef ,all glory1 laud1 and honor #ce ,all hail the power of ,jesus' ,name #bch1 #bci1 #bda1 #daf ,all hail to thee1 ,o blessed morn #fe1 #dff ,all my heart this night rejoices #hd1 #hi1 #cjh ,all praise to ,thee1 my ,god1 this night #bdb ,all that ,i was1 my sin1 my guilt #cad ,all the way my ,saviour leads me #dcg ,all things bright and beautiful #cjg ,almost persuaded #ddb ,amazing grace6 how sweet the sound #bea ,am ,i a soldier of the cross #bah ,angels1 from the realms of glory #bfc ,approach1 my soul1 the mercy seat #bea ,arise1 arise1 ye ,christians #ij ,arise1 my soul1 arise #bbg ,arise1 the kingdom is at hand #ij ,art thou weary #bc1 #cah ,ascend1 dear ,lord #dei ,as pants the hart for cooling streams #bid ,as the rose shall blossom here #bjj ,awake1 all things that ,god has made #aib ,awake1 my heart1 and marvel #hi ,awake1 my soul1 and with the sun #bji1 #baa ,awake1 my soul1 stretch every nerve #bbj ,awake1 my soul1 to joyful lays #bdg ,awake1 the watchman crieth #agj1 #dfg ,awake1 ,thou ,spirit1 who didst fire #ajf1 #ajg ,baptized into ,thy ,name most holy #ajh ,beautiful ,saviour #acj1 #aca1 #acb1 #dfd ,before ,jehovah's awful throne #bah ,before ,thee1 ,god #bjb1 #bjf1 #dfh ,behold1 a ,branch is growing #dfd ,behold a host1 arrayed in white #aij1 #aia1 #aic ,behold1 by sovereign grace alone #dff ,behold the glories of the lamb #baf ,behold1 the joyful day is nigh #afg ,behold the man6 how heavy lay #aci ,behold1 the ,saviour of mankind #bbf ,benedicite #ad ,benedictus #ad ,be not dismayed1 thou little flock #gf1 #gg1 #gh1 #gi ,beneath ,thy ,cross ,i stand #dgj ,beside ,thy manger here ,i stand #hi ,blessed assurance1 ,jesus is mine #dcg ,blessed1 blessed1 he who knoweth #afe ,blessed ,jesus1 at ,thy ,word #gd ,blessed ,jesus1 here we stand #aah ,blessed ,saviour1 who hast taught me #cai ,blessing1 and honor1 and glory1 and power #cad ,bless us1 ,father1 and protect us #aeg ,blest are the pure in heart #bhc ,blest be the tie that binds #bdg ,blest ,easter day1 what joy is thine #aea ,blest is he who cries to heaven #dfi ,bread of the world in mercy broken #bgb ,break ,thou the ,bread of life #ddg ,brethren1 called by one vocation #adc ,brief life is here our portion #ci ,built on the ,rock1 the ,church doth stand #aii1 #bjj1 #dfh ,by cool ,siloam's shady rill #bgb ,by faith we are divinely sure #aid ,by nature deaf to things divine #dfj ,by the holy hills surrounded #adc ,calm on the listening ear of night #cie1 #cif ,chime1 happy ,christmas bells1 once more #aii ,children of ,god1 born again of ,his ,spirit #aid ,children of the heavenly ,father #agh ,children of the heavenly ,king #bdb ,christ1 the ,life of all the living #gb ,christ1 whose glory fills the sky #bbg ,come1 follow me1 the ,saviour spake #aja ,come1 ,holy ,spirit1 from above #ea ,come1 ,holy ,spirit1 ,god and ,lord #ea ,come1 ,holy ,spirit1 heavenly ,dove #bah ,come1 my soul1 thy suit prepare #bea ,come1 ,o come1 ,thou quickening ,spirit #gb1 #dfd ,come1 ,o ,jesus1 and prepare me #agj1 #dff ,come1 ,saviour dear1 with us abide #dfg ,come1 sound ,his praise abroad #bah ,come1 ,thou long-expected ,jesus #bbg ,come1 ,thou ,saviour of our race #bd1 #bh1 #ea ,come to ,calvary's holy mountain #bfc ,come1 ye disconsolate #bbh1 #bfj ,come1 ye faithful1 raise the strain #bc ,comfort1 comfort ye ,my people #gc ,commit thou all thy griefs #hi1 #bbi ,crushed by my sin1 ,o ,lord1 to ,thee #acg ,day is dying in the west #ddd1 #dde ,day of judgment1 day of wonders #bea ,dayspring of eternity #gd ,de contemptu mundi #ci ,de ,nomine ,jesu #ch1 #ci ,dear ,christians1 one and all rejoice #ea ,dear ,lord and ,father of mankind #cgh1 #cha1 #chc ,dear ,refuge of my weary soul #bdf ,dearest ,jesus1 draw ,thou near me #ahh ,deck thyself1 my soul1 with gladness #gd ,deem not that they are blest alone #cfi ,den yndigste ,rose er funden #aib ,desire of every nation #dei ,despair not1 ,o heart1 in thy sorrow #bi ,deus ignee fons animarum #bi ,dies irae1 dies illa #ci ,down life's dark vale we wander #ddc ,earth has nothing sweet or fair #aja ,ein ,feste ,burg #di1 #hb ,eternal ,god1 omnipotent #dfi ,everywhere1 everywhere1 ,christmas tonight #dbh ,fade1 fade1 each earthly joy #cae ,fair beyond telling #bjj ,fairest ,lord ,jesus #acj1 #aca1 #acb ,faith of our fathers1 living still #bhh1 #bhi ,faithful cross6 above all other #cb ,faithful ,god1 ,i lay before ,thee #ga ,father1 merciful and holy #ij ,father of all1 ,thy care we bless #bbc ,father1 whate'er of earthly bliss #bde ,father of lights1 eternal ,lord #afg ,father of mercies1 in ,thy ,word #bdd1 #bdf ,father1 ,son1 and ,holy ,spirit #dfd ,father1 while the shadows fall #dcb ,father1 who hast created all #add ,fellow ,christians1 let us gather #dfh ,fierce was the wild billow #bb ,fling out the banner6 let it float #cgf1 #cgg ,for all the saints who from their labors rest #ahc1 #cci ,for a season called to part #bea ,for thee1 ,o dear1 dear country #ci ,forever with the ,lord #bfc1 #bff ,founded on ,thee1 our only ,lord #cia ,free from the law1 ,o happy condition #ddc ,friend of the weary1 ,o refresh us #dff ,from afar1 across the waters #dfi ,from ,greenland's icy mountains #bfi1 #bgj1 #cij ,from peaceful slumber waking #dff ,from the grave remove dark crosses #bjj ,full of reverence1 at ,thy ,word #aci ,gently1 ,lord1 ,o gently lead us #cfa ,gloria in ,excelsis1 ,a metrical #eb1 #ef ,gloria in ,excelsis #ad1 #ae ,gloria ,patri #ad1 #hb ,glorious things of ,thee are spoken #bea ,glorious yuletide1 glad bells proclaim it #dff ,glory be to ,god on high #ab ,glory be to ,jesus #cbj ,glory to ,thee1 my ,god1 this night #bjh1 #bji ,god calling yet6 shall ,i not hear #abe1 #cji ,god hath sent his angels #dbh ,god ,himself is present #abe ,god1 in human flesh appearing #aab1 #dfe ,god is ,love2 ,his mercy brightens #cce ,god is in ,his temple #abe ,god moves in a mysterious way #beb1 #bed ,god of ,ages1 all transcending #ia ,god of mercy1 ,god of grace #bid ,god save the ,king #cib ,god that madest earth and heaven #bgb ,god will take care of you #dch ,go forth1 my heart1 and seek delight #hi ,go1 labor on6 ,spend and be spent6 #cac ,go1 messenger of love1 and bear #cee1 #cef ,go to dark ,gethsemane #bfc ,good news from heaven the angels bring #ea ,great ,god1 we sing that mighty hand #bbc ,great joy and consolation #afg ,great ,white ,host1 ,the #aij1 #aia1 #aic ,guardian of pure hearts #afg ,guide me1 ,o ,thou great ,jehovah #bdc ,hail the day that sees ,him rise #bbg ,hail to the brightness of ,zion's #ceh1 #cfj ,hail to the ,lord's ,anointed #bfc ,hallelujah1 ,lo1 ,he wakes #aah ,hark6 a thrilling voice is sounding6 #cbj ,hark1 from the tombs a doleful sound #cej ,hark1 hark1 my soul6 angelic songs #bhh ,hark1 the glad sound1 the ,saviour comes #bbc ,hark6 the herald angels sing #bbg1 #bdb ,hark6 the song of jubilee #bff ,hast to the plow thou put thy hand #bjj ,have ye heard the invitation #dei ,heaven and earth1 and sea and air #ig ,heavenly ,light1 benignly beaming #afg1 #dff ,heavenly ,sower1 ,thou hast scattered #dfj ,heavenly ,spirit1 all others transcending #dfh ,he did not die in vain #dfj ,he lives6 ,o fainting heart1 anew #afg ,he that believes and is baptized #ahh ,he who has helped me hitherto #bja ,help us1 ,o ,lord1 behold we enter #ij ,here behold me1 as ,i cast me #ig ,herzlich thut mich verlangen #cf ,herzliebster ,jesu #gj ,hold the fort1 for ,i am coming #ddb ,holy ,ghost1 dispel our sadness #hi ,holy1 holy1 holy1 blessed ,lord #adf ,holy1 holy1 holy1 ,lord ,god ,almighty #bfh1 #bfi1 #bga ,holy ,majesty1 before ,thee #fe1 #aga1 #dfg ,how art ,thy servants blest1 ,o ,lord #bab ,how beauteous are their feet #bah ,how blessed from the bonds of sin #adc ,how blessed is the little flock #dfh ,how blest are they who through the power #dfj ,how doth the busy little bee #bah ,how gracious1 kind and good1 my great ,high ,priest #abd ,how helpless guilty nature lies #bdf ,how precious is the ,book divine #bdg ,how sweet the ,name of ,jesus sounds #bdh1 #bdi1 #bej ,hush1 my dear1 lie still and slumber #bah ,i am so glad that our ,father in heaven #ddc ,i am ,thine1 ,o ,lord #dcg ,i am trusting ,thee1 ,lord ,jesus #cca ,i bow my forehead to the dust #cha ,i come1 invited by ,thy ,word #ahi ,i come to ,thee1 ,o blessed ,lord #bjf ,i gave ,my life for thee #cbh ,i have a ,friend1 so patient1 kind1 forbearing #ahb ,i heard the bells of ,christmas day #chc ,i heard the voice of ,jesus say #caj1 #cad ,i know in whom ,i trust #afg ,i know no life divided #adc ,i know of a sleep in ,jesus' ,name #bjf ,i lay my sins on ,jesus #cac1 #cad ,i love ,thy ,zion1 ,lord #cdf1 #cea ,i love to hear the story #dcj;ff ,i love to steal awhile away #ceb1 #ced1 #cee ,i near the grave1 where'er ,i go #aid ,i open wide the portals of my heart #dfj ,i place myself in ,jesus' hands #adc ,i see ,thee standing1 ,lamb of ,god #aid ,i thank ,thee1 ,jesus1 for ,thy grief #dfe ,i think1 when ,i read that sweet story #cjj;ff ,i was a wandering sheep #cac ,i would not live alway #cgb1 #cgc ,i'll praise my ,maker1 while ,i've breath #bbi ,if ,god ,himself be for me #hg ,if ,god were not upon our side #ef ,if thou but suffer ,god to guide thee #ij ,immanuel1 we sing ,thy praise #hi ,in age and feebleness extreme #bbf ,in death's strong grasp the ,saviour lay #ea ,in heaven above1 in heaven above #agc1 #agd ,in holy contemplation #bed ,in my quiet contemplation #afg ,in the cross of ,christ ,i glory #ccb;ff ,in the ,holy ,father's keeping #dgj ,in the temple where our fathers #dff ,in the hour of trial #bfc ,in the silent midnight watches #dji ,in ,thy dear wounds ,i fall asleep #ee ,in triumph our ,redeemer #afb1 #dff ,in vain we seek for peace with ,god #bah ,it came upon the midnight clear #cid;ff ,jeg gaar i ,kare1 hvor jeg gaar #aic ,jehovah1 ,thee we glorify #aff ,jerusalem1 ,jerusalem #agf1 #dfg ,jerusalem1 lift up thy voice #afg1 #dff ,jerusalem1 my happy home #bfc1 #bff ,jerusalem the golden #ci1 #cah ,jerusalem1 thou city fair and high #gc ,jesus bids us shine #dcb ,jesus calls us2 o'er the tumult #cjg ,jesus ,christ as ,king is reigning #aac ,jesus1 ,i my cross have taken #bid ,jesus1 ,i will trust ,thee #cca ,jesus is my ,friend most precious #aei1 #dfg ,jesus is my ,joy1 my ,all #ij ,jesus is tenderly calling thee home #dcg ,jesus1 ,jesus1 ,jesus only #dfe ,jesus1 keep me near the cross #dcg ,jesus1 lead the way #abf1 #abi ,jesus lives6 thy terrors now #acg ,jesus1 ,lord and precious ,saviour #afg1 #dfg ,jesus1 ,lover of my soul #bbd1 #bbg1 #bcj1 #bca1 #bce1 #bia1 #cej ,jesus loves me1 this ,i know #dbc1 #dbd ,jesus1 ,name of wondrous grace #aid ,jesus1 ,name of wondrous love #cci ,jesus1 ,o precious ,name #deh ,jesus1 priceless ,treasure #ge ,jesus1 ,saviour come to me #aja ,jesus1 ,saviour1 pilot me #dad;ff ,jesus shall reign where'er the sun #baf ,jesus sinners doth receive #aai ,jesus1 still lead on #abf1 #abi1 #cjh ,jesus1 the very thought of ,thee #ch1 #cbj1 #dee ,jesus1 these eyes have never seen #chf ,jesus1 ,thine unbounded love #dfj ,jesus1 ,thou ,joy of loving hearts 7,o ,jesus1 ,joy of loving hearts7 ,jesus1 ,thy blood and righteousness #abi1 #bbi ,jesus took the babes and blessed them #dfe ,jesus1 where'er ,thy people meet #bed ,jesus1 whom ,thy ,church doth own #abe ,joy to the world1 the ,lord is come #bag ,just as ,i am1 without one plea #bgd;ff ,lauda1 ,sion1 salvatorem #dj ,lead1 kindly ,light1 amid th' encircling gloom #bhd;ff ,lead on1 ,lord #dff ,let dogs delight to bark and bite #bah ,let me be thine forever #eh1 #dfe ,let1 ,o my soul1 thy ,god direct thee #ij ,let the earth now praise the ,lord #gb ,let the lower lights be burning #ddc ,let us go to ,galilee #dfi ,life's day is ended #aid ,lift up your eyes1 ye ,christians #dfh ,lift up your heads1 ye gates of brass #bff ,lift up your heads1 ye mighty gates #gb ,light of light1 enlighten me #aaf1 #aah ,light of ,light1 ,o ,sun of heaven #gb ,light of the ,gentile nations #gd ,like ,noah's weary dove #cgb ,like the golden sun ascending #ahg ,living ,fountain1 freely flowing #dfi ,lobe den ,herren #ib1 #ie1 #ahc ,lo1 ,god is here1 let us adore #abd ,lo1 ,he comes1 with clouds descending #bdb ,look from ,thy sphere of endless day #cff;ff1 #chc ,look to ,jesus ,christ thy ,saviour #aga ,lord1 dismiss us with ,thy blessing #bdg ,lord1 disperse the mists of error #agc ,lord ,god1 we praise ,thee #df ,lord ,god1 we worship ,thee #ge ,lord ,jesus ,christ1 my ,life1 my ,light #fa ,lord ,jesus ,christ1 the children's ,friend #dfj ,lord1 ,jesus ,christ1 to ,thee we pray #ea ,lord ,jesus ,christ1 true man and ,god #ef ,lord1 keep us in ,thy ,word and work #ec ,lord1 keep us steadfast in ,thy ,word #ea1 #ec1 #ahc ,lord of life and light and blessing #dfi ,lord of the worlds above #bah ,lord1 speak to me #cca ,lord1 ,thou ,source of all perfection #aci ,lord1 ,thy death and passion give #ga ,lord1 to ,thee ,i make confession #gd ,lord1 we confess our numerous faults #bah ,lord1 with glowing heart ,i'd praise ,thee #cfb;ff ,love divine1 all love excelling #bbg ,love1 the fount of light from heaven #bjj ,loving ,shepherd1 kind and true #aja ,lustra sex qui jam peregit #cc ,magnificat #ad1 #ae ,majestic sweetness sits enthroned #bdg ,may the grace of ,christ our ,saviour #bea ,mine eyes unto the mountains #dff ,more love to ,thee1 ,o ,christ #daj;ff ,mute are the pleading lips of ,him #afg1 #dff ,my country1 'tis of thee #chi1 #cib1 #cic ,my dear ,redeemer and my ,lord #bah ,my faith looks up to ,thee #cge1 #chb;ff ,my ,god1 ,i know that ,i must die #aah1 #cji ,my ,god1 my ,father1 while ,i stray #bgg ,my heart1 prepare to give account #aid ,my hope is ,god #ba ,my inmost heart now raises #ef ,my ,jesus1 as ,thou wilt #aah1 #cjh ,my soul1 repeat ,his praise #bah ,my spirit on ,thy care #bid ,my thoughts on awful subjects roll #cej ,my truest ,friend abides in heaven #aah ,nearer1 my ,god1 to ,thee #ahc1 #bhg1 #bif;ff ,near the cross was ,mary weeping #dj ,new every morning is the love #bgi ,not all the blood of beasts #bah ,not what my hands have done #cad ,now be the gospel banner #cfj ,now hail we our ,redeemer #bh1 #aea1 #dff ,now ,i have found the ground wherein #aad ,now our worship sweet is o'er #dfe ,now ,israel's hope in triumph ends #fe1 #agb ,now rest beneath night's shadow #hi ,now thank we all our ,god #hj1 #ha1 #hb1 #cjh ,now the day is over #cbe ,nunc ,dimittis #ad ,nun danket alle ,gott #hj1 #ha1 #hb ,nun ruhen alle ,walder #hh1 #hi ,o bless the ,lord1 my soul #bah ,o blessed is the man who stays #afa ,o blessed ,light from heaven #dfh ,o blessed sun1 whose splendor #add ,o blest the house1 whate'er befall #aac ,o boundless joy1 there is salvation #aac ,o bride of ,christ1 rejoice #dfg ,o ,christ1 our true and only ,light #ga ,o ,christ1 ,thy grace unto us lend #gc ,o come1 ,eternal ,spirit #adc ,o could ,i speak the matchless worth #bdg ,o darkest woe #ij ,o dear ,redeemer1 crucified #dfj ,o dearest ,lord1 receive from me #ahh ,o enter1 ,lord1 ,thy temple #hi ,o for a closer walk with ,god #bed ,o ,fount of good1 to own ,thy love #bbc ,o ,fount of truth and mercy #age1 #dfg ,o gladsome ,light #bj ,o ,god1 our help in ages past #bag1 #bah ,o ,god1 whom we as ,father know #add ,o great ,high ,priest1 forget not me #dfe ,o happy home where ,thou art loved the dearest #adj1 #adb1 #cji ,o happy day1 that stays my choice #bbb ,o holy1 blessed ,trinity #fa1 #fb1 #dfe ,o ,holy ,spirit1 enter in #fe1 #ij ,o how blest are ye #gc1 #gd ,o how shall ,i receive ,thee #hh ,o ,jesus1 ,saviour dear #ga ,o ,jesus ,christ1 ,thou ,bread of ,life #ij ,o ,jesus1 ,joy of loving hearts #ci1 #che1 #dee ,o ,jesus6 ,king most wonderful #ci1 #cbj ,o ,jesus1 ,king of glory #fa ,o ,jesus1 ,source of calm repose #ajb1 #ajf1 #bbi ,o ,jesus1 ,thou art standing #ccf ,o joyful message1 sent from heaven #dfj ,o ,lamb of ,god1 most holy #eg ,o let the children come to ,me #afg ,o let ,thy ,spirit with us tarry #bjj ,o ,light of ,god's most wondrous love #dfh ,o little child1 lie still and sleep #dbd ,o little town of ,bethlehem #dbf;ff ,o ,living ,bread from heaven #ij ,o ,love divine1 all else transcending #abe ,o ,love divine1 that stooped to share #chc ,o ,love that wilt not let me go #cdj;ff ,o ,lord1 devoutly love ,i ,thee #fc ,o ,lord1 give heed unto our plea #aed ,o ,lord1 my ,god1 ,thy holy law #dfj ,o ,master1 let me walk with ,thee #ddh1 #ddi ,o ,paradise1 ,o ,paradise #bhh ,o precious ,saviour1 heal and bless #dfj ,o precious thought6 some day the mist shall vanish #ahb1 #dfj ,o sacred ,head1 now wounded #cd1 #ce1 #hi1 #ahc ,o ,saviour1 bless us ere we go #bhh ,o ,saviour dear #hi ,o ,saviour of our race #ajh ,o ,saviour1 precious ,saviour #cbf1 #cca ,o seek the ,lord today #aid ,o ,shepherd1 abide with us1 care for us still #ahb ,o ,son of ,god1 we wait for ,thee #aaj1 #aac ,o that ,i had a thousand voices #aae ,o that the ,lord would guide my ways #bah ,o that the ,lord's salvation #bid ,o ,thou1 who by a star didst guide #cai ,o ,thou who once in ,galilee #dfj ,o ,thou1 whose infant feet were found #bgb ,o ,thou whose tender mercy hears #bdg ,o timely happy1 timely wise #bhb ,o ,tree of beauty1 ,tree of light #cc ,o very ,god of very ,god #caf ,o watch and pray #aid ,o where are kings and empires now #djh1 #dji ,o wondrous kingdom here on earth #bjj ,o ,word of ,god ,incarnate #cci ,o worship the ,king #bgb ,o would1 my ,god1 that ,i could praise ,thee #aad ,o'er ,jerusalem ,thou weepest #def1 #dfj ,of omnipresent grace ,i sing #dff ,on my heart imprint ,thine image #ahh ,on what has now been sown #bea ,once in ,david's royal city #cjg ,one more day's work for ,jesus #dbe ,one there is above all others #bea ,onward1 ,christian soldiers #cbb;ff ,onward speed thy conquering flight #cij ,open now thy gates of beauty #aah1 #cjh ,others ,he hath succored #agh ,our ,father1 merciful and good #adh1 #aej1 #aea ,our table now with food is spread #dfh ,out of the depths ,i cry to ,thee #ea1 #cjh ,over ,kedron ,jesus treadeth #ahh ,pange lingua glorioso #cc ,pass me not1 ,o gentle ,saviour #dcg ,peace to soothe our bitter woes #baj1 #dfh ,pleasant are ,thy courts above #bid ,praise and honor to the ,father #dff ,praise1 my soul1 the ,king of heaven #bid1 #bie ,praise the ,lord1 each tribe and nation #ge ,praise the ,saviour #cc ,praise to ,thee and adoration #ahh ,praise to the ,lord1 the ,almighty #ib1 #ie1 #cjh ,prayer is the soul's sincere desire #bfb1 #bfc ,precious ,child1 so sweetly sleeping #dfj ,precious ,word from ,god in heaven #aah1 #aai ,prepare the way1 ,o ,zion #agj1 #dfg ,rejoice1 all ye believers #ajh ,repent1 the ,kingdom draweth nigh #dfj ,rescue the perishing #dcg ,rise1 my soul1 to watch and pray #dfj ,rise1 ,o ,salem1 rise and shine2 #ij ,rise1 ye children of salvation #dfb1 #dfc1 #dfd ,rock of ,ages1 cleft for me #bcb;ff1 #bia1 #cea1 #dbj ,safely through another week #bea ,safe in the arms of ,jesus #dcd1 #dch ,salve caput cruentatum #ch ,saviour1 ,o hide not ,thy loving face from me #agh ,saviour1 sprinkle many nations #djf1 #djg ,saviour1 when in dust to ,thee #bgc ,saviour1 who ,thy flock art feeding #cgj1 #cgb ,say1 my soul1 what preparation #add ,schoenster ,herr ,jesu #acj1 #aca1 #acb ,see ,israel's gentle ,shepherd stand #bbb ,shepherd of tender youth #ah1 #ai1 #bj ,shine on our souls1 eternal ,god #bbb ,shout the glad tidings #cgb ,shun1 my heart1 the thought forever #hi ,silent night1 holy night #ahc ,sinful world1 behold the anguish #gd ,sing them over again to me #ddj1 #ddc ,singing for ,jesus1 our ,saviour #cca ,sinners may to ,christ draw near #aai ,smite us not in anger1 ,lord #dff ,so let our lips and lives express #bah ,softly now the day is ending #ahi ,softly now the light of day #cgf ,soldiers of ,christ1 arise #bbg ,some day the silver cord will break #dcg1 #dci ,sometimes a light surprises #bed ,soul of mine1 to ,god awaking #ij ,spare not the stroke #cae ,speak1 ,o ,lord1 ,thy servant heareth #dfh ,speed away #dcg ,splendid are the heavens high #bjj ,stabat mater dolorosa #dj ,stand fast1 my soul1 stand fast #aid ,stand up1 stand up for ,jesus #dah;ff ,stars of the morning #bc ,stille ,nacht6 heilige ,nacht #aca1 #acb1 #acc ,still1 still with ,thee #cih1 #cii ,strike up1 ,o harp and psaltery #ajg ,strike with the hammer of ,thy ,word #dae ,suffering ,son of ,man1 be near me #bbg ,summer suns are glowing #cci ,sun of my soul1 ,thou ,saviour dear #bgh1 #bgi1 #bhb1 #bhc ,sunk is the sun's last beam of light #ef ,sweet hour of prayer #dcg ,sweet ,saviour1 bless us ere we go #bhh ,take my heart1 ,o ,jesus #dfi ,take my life1 and let it be #cbi ,take the ,name of ,jesus with you #dcc ,take ,thou my life1 dear ,lord #dgj ,te ,deum1 ,german #hb ,te ,deum ,laudamus #ad1 #bh1 #afe ,ter ,sanctus #ad ,that day of wrath1 that dreadful day #dj ,that mystic word of ,thine1 ,o sovereign ,lord #cii ,the day departs1 yet ,thou art near #afi ,the day is past and over #bb ,the day of resurrection #bc1 #cah ,the day is surely drawing nigh #fa ,the death of ,jesus ,christ1 our ,lord #aeg1 #aeh1 #dfg ,the kingdoms of this world #ff ,the last rose of summer #bei ,the little while ,i linger here #aga ,the ,lord is my ,shepherd #bfc ,the ,lord my ,shepherd is #bah ,the ,lord my pasture shall prepare #bab ,the ,lord to thee appealeth #bjj ,the morning light is breaking #chh1 #chi1 #cij ,the morning1 the bright and beautiful morning #cac ,the peace of ,god protects our hearts #bjj ,the restless day now closeth #hi ,the roseate hues of early dawn #cje1 #cjg ,the silent moon is risen #ach ,the ,son of ,god goes forth to war #bgb ,the ,sower goeth forth to sow #dfj ,the spacious firmament on high #bab ,the sun arises now #ahd1 #ahi ,the sun has gone down #dfh ,the sweetest1 the fairest of roses #aib ,the voice of the ,christ-child #dbh ,the voice that breathed o'er ,eden #bhc ,thee will ,i love1 my ,strength1 my ,tower #ih1 #aja1 #bbi ,there is a blessed power #dfi ,there is a ,fountain filled with blood #bed1 #bee ,there is a gate that stands ajar #ahc1 #dcc ,there is a green hill far away #cje1 #cjf1 #cjg ,there is a land of pure delight #bah ,there is a truth so dear to me #afd ,there many shall come from the ,east and the ,west #bjf ,there's a light in the valley #ddc ,there's a wideness in ,god's mercy #bhh ,thine agony1 ,o ,lord1 is o'er #afg ,thine own1 ,o loving ,saviour #agj1 #dfg ,this is the day that our ,father hath given #bjj ,thou art coming1 ,o my ,saviour #cca ,thou art the way2 to ,thee alone #cgd1 #cge1 #cgf ,thou camest down from heaven on high #dfj ,thou art the ,way1 the ,truth1 the ,life from heaven #ade ,thou goest to ,jerusalem #dfj ,thou hast indeed made manifest #dfj ,thou hidden love of ,god1 whose height #abb1 #abd1 #bbi ,thou holiest ,love1 whom most ,i love #aja ,thou ,lord of life and death #dfj ,thou lovely source of true delight #bdg ,thou only ,sovereign of my heart #bdg ,thou virgin-born ,incarnate ,word #dfj ,thou whose almighty ,word #ahc1 #bgc ,thou1 whose coming seers and sages #adc ,thou1 whose unmeasured temple stands #cfg1 #cfh ,though troubles assail us and dangers affright #bea ,through the night of doubt and sorrow #cbe ,thy cross1 ,o ,jesus1 ,thou didst bear #agb ,thy little ones1 dear ,lord1 are we #aid ,thy sacred ,word1 ,o ,lord1 of old #dff ,thy scepter1 ,jesus1 shall extend #afh1 #aga1 #dfg ,thy soul1 ,o ,jesus1 hallow me #aja ,thy way1 not mine1 ,o ,lord #cad ,thy ,word1 ,o ,lord1 like gentle dews #add ,thy works1 not mine1 ,o ,christ #cad ',tis finished1 so the ,saviour cried #bdg ',tis gone6 that bright and orbed blaze #bhb ,to realms of glory ,i behold #afe ,to us salvation now is come #ed ,triumph1 ye heavens #abe ,unbegreiflich ,gut1 ,wahrer ,gott alleine #if ,unto the ,lord of all creation #age ,upon a ,life ,i have not lived #cab ,valet will ich dir geben #fb ,veni1 ,creator ,spiritus #ce ,veni1 ,redemptor gentium #bh ,wachet auf 7,wake1 awake1 for night is flying7 #fe1 #ff1 #fg1 #bjc ,wake1 awake1 the night is flying #fd1 #fe1 #ff1 #fg1 #bjc ,watch1 my soul1 and pray #afg ,watchman1 tell us of the night #cce ,we all believe in one true ,god #ea ,we are going1 we are going #dcf ,we are the ,lord's3 ,his all-sufficient merit #adc ,we ,christians should ever consider #aeg ,we give ,thee but ,thine own #cci ,we would see ,jesus #dbb1 #dbc ,we need not climb the heavenly steeps #cha ,we plow the fields and scatter #acd1 #acg ,we praise and bless ,thee1 gracious ,lord #adc ,welcome1 happy morning #cj1 #cc ,welcome1 ,thou ,victor in the strife #aah ,what a city6 what a glory #cae ,what our ,father does is well #aah ,when all ,thy mercies1 ,o my ,god #bab ,when gathering clouds around ,i view #bgc ,when ,god of old came down from heaven #bhc ,when ,i can read my title clear #bah ,when ,i survey the wondrous cross #bad1 #bag1 #cej ,when in the hour of utmost need #ef1 #hc ,when ,jesus comes in glory #dgj ,when morning gilds the skies #cbj ,when rising from the bed of death #bab ,when sinners see their lost condition #bjf ,when through the torn sail #bgb ,when vesper bells are calling #afi1 #dff ,when winds are raging o'er the upper ocean #cii1 #djb ,where cross the crowded ways of life #deb1 #dec ,where hast thou gleaned today #ddc ,where is the ,friend for whom #aff ,where wilt ,thou go1 since night draws near #dfe ,while with ceaseless course the sun #bea ,who are these in bright array #bfc ,who are these1 like stars appearing #ge ,who is there like ,thee #ajf ,who trusts in ,god1 a strong abode #fc ,who will join the throng to heaven #aid ,whosoever heareth1 shout1 shout the sound #ddc ,wie schoen leuchtet der ,morgenstern #fe1 #ff1 #fg1 #bjd ,winter reigns o'er many a region #dfd ,with gladness we hail this blessed day #bjj ,with ,god and ,his mercy1 ,his ,spirit1 and ,word #ahb1 #dff ,with holy joy my heart doth beat #agb1 #dfg ,withhold not1 ,lord1 the help ,i crave #add ,woe unto him who says1 ,there is no ,god #aci ,,authors' ,,and ,,general ,,index ,aaberg1 ,j4 ,c41 #dfh;f4 ,abney1 ,sir ,thomas1 #bag4 ,abolition movement1 #chj1 #cha1 #djc4 ,achtliederbuch1 #dg1 #ed4 ,adam of ,st4 ,victor1 #dj4 ,adams1 ,sarah1 #ahc1 #bhg1 #bif1 #big;ff4 ,adams1 ,sarah ,flower1 #ahc4 ,addison1 ,joseph1 #baa1 #bab1 #bac1 #bae4 ,a ,few ,godly ,hymns ,derived from ,holy ,writ1 #aea4 ,afzelius1 ,arvid1 #afi1 #age4 ,ahnfelt1 ,oskar1 #agh;ff4 ,ahnfelt's ,songs1 #agi4 ,ainsworth1 ,henry1 #cdg4 ,albinus1 #dff4 ,alden1 ,john1 #cdg4 ,alexander1 ,archbishop ,william1 #cje4 ,alexander1 bishop of ,jerusalem1 #ai4 ,alexander1 ,cecil1 #big1 #cjd1 #cje;ff1 #caa4 ,alexander1 ,james ,w41 #cf4 ,alexandrian liturgy1 #af4 ,alin1 ,svante1 #ahc4 ,altenberg1 ,johann ,m41 #gf1 #gi4 ,ambrose1 #bd1 #be1 #bf1 #bg1 #bh1 #bi1 #ca4 ,america1 #chi1 #cib4 ,american ,hymnody1 #cde;ff4 ,american ,lutheran ,church1 #dgj4 ,american ,lutheran ,hymnal1 #deg1 #dfe1 #dfh1 #dgj4 ,american ,lutheran ,hymnody1 #dfc;ff4 ,america's first woman hymnist1 #cec;ff4 ,american translators of ,lutheran hymns1 #dfd;ff4 ,america's greatest hymn1 #chc;ff4 ,anatolius1 #bb4 ,anderson1 ,george ,n41 #di4 ,andreae1 ,jacob1 #fj4 ,andreae1 ,laurentius1 #aej4 ,anglican ,hymnology1 #bdb4 ,angelic hymn1 #ab1 #ac4 ,antichrist1 ,pope as1 #ec4 ,aquinas1 ,thomas1 #dj4 ,arians1 #ba1 #bb1 #be1 #bf4 ,arminianism1 #bcd4 ,arnold1 ,dr41 #bhj4 ,arnold1 ,gottfried1 #aji4 ,arnold1 ,matthew1 #bag4 ,arrebo1 ,bishop ,a41 #bjc4 ,arrhenius1 ,jacob1 #aeh1 #aei1 #dfg4 ,astrom1 ,johan1 #afi1 #agc1 #agd4 ,athanasius1 #bh4 ,augsburg ,confession1 #abh4 ,augustana ,synod ,hymnal1 #agj1 #deg1 #dfg4 ,augustine1 #af1 #bg1 #bh1 #fg1 #djg4 ,bach1 ,john ,s41 #cf1 #fa1 #hi1 #aag;ff4 ,baptist ,church1 ,greatest hymnist of1 #bdf4 ,baptist ,missionary ,society1 #bfd4 ,bardesanes1 #ba4 ,baring-,gould1 ,sabine1 #cbb1 #cbc;ff4 ,barlow1 ,joel1 #cej4 ,battle ,hymn of the ,reformation1 #db4 ,baxter1 ,lydia1 #ahc1 #dcc4 ,bay ,psalmist1 #cdh;ff4 ,beddome1 ,benjamin1 #bdg4 ,beecher1 ,henry ,ward1 #bcj1 #cii4 ,beecher1 ,lyman1 #cii4 ,beethoven1 #abj4 ,behm1 ,martin1 #fa1 #dfe4 ,believe me1 if all those endearing young charms1 #bei4 ,bentley1 #bi4 ,bengel1 ,johann ,a41 #aaa1 #aac4 ,berg1 ,carolina ,v4 7,sandell71 #agf1 #agg;ff1 #dfg4 ,bernard of ,clairvaux1 #cd1 #ce1 #cf1 #cg1 #ch1 #ci1 #hi1 #cbj1 #che1 #dee4 ,bernard of ,cluny1 #ci1 #cah4 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