http3_/_/www4ar*ive4org_/details_/dantee ssayt[hic#jj;*ur47 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,spell+ & punctuation h be5 reta9$ z !y appe> 9 ! orig9al1 b obvi\s pr9t] errors h be5 correct$ )\t note4 ,pr9t] errors 9 ,italian passages f ,! ,div9e ,com$y h be5 correct$ us+ ! ,italian-,engli% ,pr9ceton ,univ]sity ,press edition 7trans4 ,*>les ,s4 ,s+leton1 #aigc74 ,a ,table ( ,cont5ts has be5 add$ = ! read]'s conv5i5ce4 ,! orig9al conta9s a sep>ate ,cont5ts ( ,de ,mon>*ia at ! end ( ,de ,mon>*ia4 ,,dante ,,& ,,de ,,mon>*ia4 ,illu/ration ,,dante4 ,an ,essay4 ,,by ,r4 ,w4 ,,*ur*1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,c4,l4 ,,dean ,,( ,,/4 ,,paul',s1 ,,& ,,honor>y ,,fell[ ,,( ,,oriel ,,college1 ,,ox=d4 ,to :i* is add$ ,a ,,translation ,,( ,,de ,,mon>*ia4 ,,by ,f4 ,j4 ,,*ur*4 ,london3 ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co4 #ahgi4 ,,*>les ,,dick5s ,,& ,,evans1 ,,cry/al ,,palace ,,press4 ,,cont5ts ,,notice ,,dante ,,de ,,mon>*ia ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,de ,,mon>*ia ,,publi%]',s ,,catalogue ,,notice4 ,! foll[+ ,essay fir/ appe>$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,remembranc] ( ,janu>y1 #ahej1 & x 0 repr9t$ 9 a volume ( ,essays & ,reviews1 publi%$ 9 #ahed4 ,x 0 writt5 be=e ! appe>ance 9 ,g]many & ,engl& ( ! abundant rec5t lit]ature on ! subject4 ,) ! exception ( a few trifl+ corrections1 x is republi%$ )\t *ange4 ,by ! desire ( ,mr4 ,macmillan1 a translation ( ! ,de ,mon>*ia is subjo9$4 ,i am indebt$ = x to my son1 ,mr4 ,f4,j4 ,*ur*1 late ,s*ol> ( ,new ,college4 ,x is made f ! text ( ,witte's second edition ( ! ,de ,mon>*ia1 #ahgd4 ,! ,de ,mon>*ia has be5 m ?an once translat$ into ,italian & ,g]man1 9 e>li] or lat] times4 ,b ,i d n "k t any ,engli% translation has yet appe>$4 ,x is analys$ 9 ! fifte5? *apt] ( ,mr4 ,bryce's ,holy ,roman ,empire4 ,witte1 ) mu* probability1 ,i ?9k1 places ! composition ( ! "w 9 ! fir/ "p ( ,dante's life1 be=e 8 exile 9 #acja1 :ile ! pret5sions & argum5ts ( ,boniface ,,viii4 7#abid-acjc7 7 be+ discuss$ by ,guelf & ,ghibell9e p>tisans1 b be=e !y 7 =mally embodi$ 9 ! fam\s ,bull ,unam ,sanctam1 #acjb4 ,! "* ( ! composition1 = ! mo/ "p1 =mal1 g5]al1 & s*ola/ic1 sangu9e 9 tone & ) little p]sonal allusion1 is 9 /rong contra/ ) ! passionate & despair+ language ( res5tm5t & disappo9tm5t :i* m>ks 8 lat] writ+s4 ,z an example ( ! political speculation ( ! "t1 x %\ld be comp>$ ) ! ,de ,regim9e ,pr9cipum1 ascrib$ to ,?omas ,aqu9as4 ,! :ole subject ( ! m$ival idea ( ! ,empire is admirably discuss$ 9 ,mr4 ,bryce's book ref]r$ to above4 ,r4,w4,c4 ,,/4 ,,paul',s1 ,novemb]1 #ahgh4 ,,dante4#a ,,jan4 #ahej4 ,footnote #a3 ,dante's ,div9e ,com$y1 ! ,inf]no2 a lit]al ,prose ,translation1 ) ! ,text ( ! ,orig9al4 ,by ,j4,a4 ,,c>lyle1 ,m4,d41 ,london3 #ahdi4 ,i h nev] q =giv5 myself = n hav+ said m ( ! unpret5d+ b hone/ & mo/ useful volume :i* /ood at ! head ( ?is essay :5 x fir/ appe>$ z an article4 ,x 0 plac$ !re1 accord+ to :at 0 !n a cu/om ( article writ]s1 z a peg to hang rem>ks ^u :i* might or might n be criticisms ( ! p>ticul> book s notic$4 ,x did n (f] itself specially to my use1 & my att5tion 0 busy ) my own "w4 ,b ?is 0 no excuse = avail+ myself ( a good book1 & n giv+ x ! notice :i* x des]v$4 ,to an ,engli% /ud5t beg9n+ ,dante1 & wi%+ to /udy him 9 a s*ol>ly mann]1 x is really m useful ?an a v]se translation c be2 & ,i h always greatly regrett$ t ! plan ( translat+ ! :ole "w 0 dropp$ = want ( ! appreciation :i* ! fir/ in/alm5t ought to h _h4 7#ahgh47 ,! ,div9a ,comm$ia is "o ( ! l&m>ks ( hi/ory4 ,m ?an a magnific5t poem1 m ?an ! beg9n+ ( a language & ! op5+ ( a national lit]ature1 m ?an ! inspir] ( art1 & ! glory ( a great p1 x is "o ( ^? r>e & solemn monum5ts ( ! m9d's p[]1 :i* measure & te/ :at x c rea* to1 :i* rise up ineffaceably & = ev] z "t goes on1 m>k+ out its advance by gr&] divisions ?an its c5turies1 & adopt$ z epo*s by ! cons5t ( all :o come aft]4 ,x /&s ) ! ,iliad & ,%aksp]e's ,plays1 ) ! writ+s ( ,ari/otle & ,plato1 ) ! ,novum ,organon & ! ,pr9cipia1 ) ,ju/9ian's ,code1 ) ! ,p>!non & ,s4 ,pet]'s4 ,x is ! fir/ ,*ri/ian poem2 & x op5s ,european lit]ature1 z ! ,iliad did t ( ,greece & ,rome4 ,&1 l ! ,iliad1 x has nev] become out ( date2 x accompanies 9 undim9i%$ fre%ness ! lit]ature :i* x began4 ,we approa* ! hi/ory ( su* works1 9 :i* g5ius seems to h pu%$ its a*ievem5ts to a new limit1 ) a k9d ( awe4 ,! beg9n+s ( all ?+s1 _! bur/+ out f no?+1 & gradual evolution into sub/ance & %ape1 ca/ on ! m9d a solemn influ5ce4 ,!y come too ne> ! f\nt ( be+ to be foll[$ up )\t our feel+ ! %ad[s :i* surr\nd x4 ,we _c b fe>1 _c b feel ourselves cut (f f ?is visible & famili> _w--z we ent] into ! cl\d4 ,& z ) ! processes ( nature1 s x is ) ^? (fspr+s ( man's m9d1 by :i* he has add$ p]man5tly "o m great feature to ! _w1 & creat$ a new p[] :i* is to act on mank9d to ! end4 ,! my/]y ( ! inv5tive & creative faculty1 ! subtle & incalculable comb9ations by :i* x 0 l$ to its "w1 & c>ri$ ?r\gh x1 are out ( ! rea* ( inve/igat+ ?\ght4 ,(t5 ! idea recurs ( ! prec>i\sness ( ! result2 by h[ little ! _w might h lo/ "o ( its ornam5ts--by "o %>p pang1 or "o *ance meet+1 or any o!r among ! c\ntless accid5ts among :i* man runs 8 c\rse4 ,& !n ! solemn recollection sup]v5es1 t p[]s 7 =m$1 & life pres]v$1 & circum/ances arrang$1 & actions controll$1 t ?us x %\ld be3 & ! "w :i* man has brood$ ov]1 & at la/ creat$1 is ! fo/]-*ild too ( t ,wisdom :i* rea*es f end to end1 /rongly & sweetly dispos+ all ?+s4 ,x does n abate ^! feel+s1 t we c foll[ 9 "s cases & to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ! progress ( a "w4 ,inde$1 ! sight ( ! p>ticul> accid5ts among :i* x 0 develop$--:i* belong p]haps to a het]og5e\s & widely discordant ord] ( ?+s1 :i* are out ( proportion & out ( h>mony ) x1 :i* d n expla9 x1 :i* h1 z x may seem to u1 no natural "r to be connect$ ) x1 to be> on its "*1 or contribute to its accompli%m5t1 to :i* we feel1 z x 71 a%am$ to owe :at we c lea/ sp>e1 yet on :i* its =m+ m9d & purpose 7 dep5d5t1 & ) :i* !y _h to conspire--affects ! imag9ation ev5 m ?an cases :]e we see no?+4 ,we are tempt$ less to mus+ & wond] by ! ,iliad1 a "w )\t a hi/ory1 cut (f f its pa/1 ! sole relic & ve/ige ( its age1 unexpla9$ 9 its orig9 & p]fection1 ?an by ! ,div9a ,comm$ia1 de/9$ = ! highe/ ends & mo/ univ]sal sympa?y1 yet ! reflection ( a p]sonal hi/ory1 & issu+ seem+ly f its *ance incid5ts4 ,! ,div9a ,comm$ia is s+ul> among ! great works ) :i* x ranks1 = its /rong /amp ( p]sonal "* & hi/ory4 ,9 g5]al we associate little m ?an ! "n--n ! life--( a great poet ) 8 works2 p]sonal int]e/ belongs m usually to greatness 9 its active ?an its creative =ms4 ,b ! :ole idea & purpose ( ! ,comm$ia1 z well z its fill+ up & col\r+1 are det]m9$ by ,dante's peculi> hi/ory4 ,! l(tie/1 p]haps1 9 its aim & flight ( all poems1 x is also ! mo/ individual2 ! writ]'s own life is *ronicl$ 9 x1 z well z ! issues & up%ot ( all ?+s4 ,x is at once ! mirror to all "t ( ! s9s & p]fections ( m51 ( ! judgm5ts & grace ( ,god1 & ! record1 (t5 ! only "o1 ( ! transi5t names1 & local factions1 & obscure ambitions1 & =gott5 crimes1 ( ! poet's own day2 & 9 t awful company to :i* he leads u1 9 ! mo/ une>?ly ( 8 sc5es1 we nev] lose sight ( himself4 ,& :5 ?is peculi>ity s5ds u to hi/ory1 x seems z if ! poem :i* 0 to hold su* a place 9 ,*ri/ian lit]ature hung ^u & grew out ( *ance ev5ts1 r ?an ! delib]ate design ( its au?or4 ,hi/ory inde$ "h1 z g5]ally1 is b a feeble expon5t ( ! c\rse ( gr[? 9 a great m9d & great ideas4 ,x %[s u e>ly a b5t & purpose--! man consci\s ( p[] & int5d+ to use x--& !n ! accid5ts among :i* he work$3 b h[ t curr5t ( purpose ?read$ its way among !m1 h[ x 0 ?r[n back1 deflect$1 deep5$1 by !m1 we _c le>n f hi/ory4 ,x pres5ts b a brok5 & my/]i\s picture4 ,a boy ( quick & en?usia/ic temp] gr[s up into y\? 9 a dream ( love4 ,! lady ( 8 my/ic passion dies e>ly4 ,he dreams ( h] /ill1 n z a wond] ( e>?1 b z a ,sa9t 9 ,p>adise1 & relieves 8 he>t 9 an autobiography1 a /range & p]plex+ "w ( fiction--qua9t & subtle en\gh = a metaphysical conceit2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 ) f> too mu* ( g5u9e & deep feel+4 ,x is a fir/ essay2 he closes x abruptly z if dissatisfi$ ) 8 "w1 b ) ! resolution ( rais+ at a future day a wor?y monum5t to ! memory ( h] :om he has lo/4 ,x is ! promise & purpose ( a great "w4 ,b a prosaic *ange seems to come ov] ?is half-ideal "*4 ,! lov] becomes ! /ud5t--! /ud5t ( ! #ac? c5tury--/ruggl+ pa9fully aga9/ difficulties1 eag] & hot aft] k1 wa/+ eyesight & /9t+ sleep1 subtle1 inquisitive1 active-m9d$ & sangu9e1 b omnivor\s1 ov]fl[+ ) dialectical =ms1 loose 9 premiss & o/5tati\sly rigid 9 syllogism1 fett]$ by ! ref9em5ts ( half-awak5$ ta/e1 & ! mann]isms ( ! ,prov5als4 ,boe?ius & ,cic]o1 & ! mass ( mix$ le>n+ )9 8 rea*1 are accept$ z ! consolation ( 8 human griefs3 he is fill$ ) ! passion ( univ]sal k1 & ! desire to communicate x4 ,philosophy has become ! lady ( 8 s\l--to write allegorical poems 9 h] hon\r1 & to comm5t on !m ) all ! app>atus ( 8 le>n+ 9 prose1 8 mode ( celebrat+ h]4 ,fur!r1 he m>ries2 x is said1 n happily4 ,! antiqu>ies1 too1 h di/urb$ romance by discov]+ t ,beatrice also 0 m>ri$ "s ye>s be=e h] dea?4 ,he appe>s1 z "t goes on1 z a burgh] ( ,flor5ce1 ! fa!r ( a family1 a politician1 an envoy1 a magi/rate1 a p>tisan1 tak+ 8 full %>e 9 ! qu>rels ( ! day4 ,at l5g? we see him1 at once an exile1 & ! poet ( ! ,comm$ia4 ,beatrice reappe>s--%ad[y1 melt+ at times into symbol & figure--b f> too liv+ & real1 address$ ) too int5se & natural feel+ to be ! m]e p]sonification ( any?+4 ,! lady ( ! philosophical ,canzoni has vani%$4 ,! /ud5t's dream has be5 brok51 z ! boy's _h be52 & ! e>ne/ness ( ! man1 enlight5$ by sorr[1 ov]leap+ ! /ud5t's =malities & ab/ractions1 rev]t$ 9 sympa?y to ! e>ne/ness ( ! boy1 & brood$ once m on t ,sa9t 9 ,p>adise1 ^: pres5ce & memory _h once be5 s soo?+1 & :o n[ seem$ a real l9k betwe5 him & t /able c\ntry1 :]e ! angels are 9 peace4 ,r\nd h] image1 ! reflection ( purity1 & tru?1 & =be>+ love1 0 gr\p$ t confus$ sc5e ( tr\ble & ef=t1 ( failure & success1 :i* ! poet saw r\nd him2 r\nd h] image x arrang$ itself 9 awful ord]--& t image1 n a metaphysical ab/raction1 b ! liv+ memory1 fre%5$ by sorr[1 & se5 ?r\gh ! s(t5+ & hall[+ vi/a ( ye>s1 ( ,beatrice ,port9>i--no figm5t ( imag9ation1 b ,god's creature & s]vant4 ,a *ildi% love1 dissipat$ by /udy & bus9ess1 & reviv$ 9 memory by heavy sorr[--a boyi% resolution1 made 9 a mom5t ( feel+1 int]rupt$1 ?\gh x w\ld be haz>d\s to say 9 ,dante's case1 laid aside1 = app>5tly m manly /udies1 gave ! idea & sugge/$ ! =m ( ! ,sacr$ poem ( e>? & heav54 ,& ! occasion ( ?is />tl+ unfold+ ( ! poetic gift1 ( ?is passage ( a s(t & dreamy boy1 into ! ke5e/1 bolde/1 /]ne/ ( poets1 ! free & mighty lead] ( ,european song1 01 :at is n ord9>ily held to be a s\rce ( poetical inspiration1--! political life4 ,! boy _h s5sibility1 high aspirations1 & a v]satile & passionate nature2 ! /ud5t add$ to ?is en]gy1 v>i\s le>n+1 gifts ( language1 & noble ideas on ! capacities & ends ( man4 ,b x 0 ! factions ( ,flor5ce :i* made ,dante a great poet4 ,b = !m1 he might h be5 a mod]n critic & essayi/ born be=e 8 "t1 & h held a high place among ! writ]s ( fugitive v]ses2 9 ,italy1 a graceful b trifl+ & idle tribe1 (t5 ca/+ a deep & beautiful ?\ght into a m\ld ( expressive diction1 b (t5] toy+ ) a fooli% & glitt]+ conceit1 & ^: languid g5ius 0 exhau/$ by a sonnet4 ,he might h ?r[n into ! %ade ! ,guidos & ,c9os ( 8 day1 to be eclips$ by ,petr>*4 ,b he le>n$ 9 ! bitt] feuds ( ,italy n to trifle2 !y op5$ to 8 view1 & he _h an eye to see1 ! true spr+s & abysses ( ?is mortal life--motives & passions /rong] ?an lov]s' s5tim5ts1 evils beyond ! consolations ( ,boe?ius & ,cic]o2 & f t fi]y trial :i* )\t se>+ 8 he>t1 anneal$ 8 /r5g? & purpose1 he drew t great gift & p[]1 by :i* he /&s pre-em95t ev5 among 8 high compe]s1 ! gift ( be+ real4 ,& ! idea ( ! ,comm$ia took %ape1 & exp&$ into its endless =ms ( t]ror & beauty1 n "u ! ro(-tree ( ! lit]>y citiz51 b :5 ! exile _h be5 driv5 out to ! highways ( ! _w1 to /udy nature on ! sea or by ! riv] or on ! m\nta9 track1 & to /udy m5 9 ! c\rts ( ,v]ona & ,rav5na1 & 9 ! s*ools ( ,bologna & ,p>is--p]haps ( ,ox=d4 ,! connexion ( ^! feuds ) ,dante's poem has giv5 to ! middle age hi/ory ( ,italy an int]e/ ( :i* x is n undes]v+ 9 itself1 full z x is ( curi\s exhibitions ( "* & contrivance1 b to :i* politically x _c lay claim1 amid ! social ph5om5a1 s f> gr&] 9 scale & purpose & m felicit\s 9 issue1 ( ! o!r we/]n nations4 ,x is rem>kable = keep+ up an antique phase1 :i*1 9 spite ( mod]n arrangem5ts1 x has n yet lo/4 ,x is a hi/ory ( cities4 ,9 anci5t hi/ory all t is mo/ memorable & in/ructive ga!rs r\nd cities2 civilisation & empire 7 conc5trat$ )9 walls2 & x baffl$ ! anci5t m9d to conceive h[ p[] %\ld be possess$ & wield$1 by numb]s l>g] ?an might be collect$ 9 a s+le m>ket-place4 ,! ,roman ,empire inde$ aim$ at be+ "o 9 its adm9i/ration & law2 b x 0 n a nation1 nor 7 its prov9ces nations4 ,yet ev]y:]e b 9 ,italy1 x prep>$ !m = becom+ nations4 ,& :ile ev]y:]e else p>ts 7 unit+ & union 0 becom+ organisation--& nei!r geographical remot5ess1 nor unwield9ess ( numb]s1 nor local int]e/s & diff]5ces1 7 untractable ob/acles to t _s ( fusion :i* 0 at once ! ambition ( ! few & ! in/9ct ( ! _m2 & cities1 ev5 :]e mo/ p[]ful1 _h become ! c5tres ( ! attract+ & jo9+ =ces1 knots 9 ! political network--:ile ?is 0 go+ on m or less happily ?r\gh\t ! re/ ( ,europe1 9 ,italy ! anci5t classic idea l+]$ 9 its simplicity1 its n>r[ness & jeal\sy1 :]ev] !re 0 any political activity4 ,! hi/ory ( ,s\!rn ,italy inde$ is ma9ly a =eign "o1 ! hi/ory ( mod]n ,rome m]ges 9 t ( ! ,papacy2 b ,nor!rn ,italy has a hi/ory ( its own1 & t is a hi/ory ( sep>ate & indep5d5t cities--po9ts ( reciprocal & inde/ructible repulsion1 & )91 !atres ( action :]e ! bl9d t5d5cies & traditions ( classes & p>ties weigh$ little on ! fre$om ( individual "*1 & citiz5s c\ld wat* & measure & /udy "o ano!r ) ! m9ut5ess ( private life4 ,two cities 7 ! c5tres ( anci5t hi/ory 9 its mo/ int]e/+ "t4 ,& two cities ( mod]n ,italy repres5t1 ) entirely undesign$ b curi\sly exact co9cid5ce1 ! p>ts ( ,a!ns & ,rome4 ,v5ice1 sup]ficially s unlike1 is yet 9 _m ( its accid5tal features1 & /ill m 9 its _s1 ! c\nt]p>t ( ,rome1 9 its obscure & mix$ orig91 9 its /eady gr[?1 9 its quick s5se ( ord] & e>ly settlem5t ( its polity1 9 its gr& & s]i\s public _s1 9 its subord9ation ( ! individual to ! family1 & ! family to ! /ate1 9 its comb9ation ( remote dom9ion ) ! lib]ty ( a solit>y & sov]eign city4 ,& ?\gh ! associations & ! scale ( ! two 7 s diff]5t--?\gh ,rome _h its hills & its legions1 & ,v5ice its lagunes & galleys--! long empire ( ,v5ice1 ! heir ( ,c>?age & pr$ecessor ( ,engl& on ! seas1 ! great ari/ocratic republic ( #ajjj ye>s1 is ! only empire t has yet mat*$ ,rome 9 l5g? & /ead9ess ( t5ure4 ,br5nus & ,hannibal 7 n resi/$ ) great] con/ancy ?an ,doria & ,l\is ,,xii42 & t great ari/ocracy1 long s pr\d1 s high-spirit$1 s intellig5t1 s practical1 :o comb9$ ! ent]prise & weal? ( m]*ants1 ! self-devotion ( soldi]s & gravity ( s5ators1 ) ! uni=mity & ob$i5ce ( a religi\s ord]1 may comp>e )\t %ame its ,giu/9iani1 & ,z5os1 & ,moros9i1 ) ,roman ,fabii & ,claudii4 ,& ,rome c\ld n be m contra/$ ) ,a!ns ?an ,v5ice ) ,italian & contempor>y ,flor5ce--/ability ) fitfulness1 indep5d5ce impregnable & secure1 ) a %ort-liv$ & tr\bl$ lib]ty1 empire m$itat$ & a*iev$1 ) a c\rse ( b>r5 intrigues & qu>rels4 ,flor5ce1 gay1 caprici\s1 turbul5t1 ! city ( p>ty1 ! head & busy patroness ( democracy 9 ! cities r\nd h]--,flor5ce1 :]e popul> gov]nm5t 0 inaugurat$ ) its utmo/ exclusiv5ess & mo/ pomp\s c]emonial2 wag+ h] little summ] w>s aga9/ ,ghibell9e tyrants1 revolt$ democracies1 & h] own exiles2 & fur!r1 s ri* 9 intellectual gifts1 9 v>iety ( individual "*1 9 poets1 arti/s1 wits1 hi/orians--,flor5ce 9 its brilliant days recall$ ! image ( anci5t ,a!ns1 & did n dep>t f its prototype 9 ! beauty ( its natural site1 9 its noble public build+s1 9 ! size & nature ( its t]ritory4 ,& ! c\rse ( its hi/ory is simil> & ! result ( simil> causes--a traditional _s ( fre$om1 ) its accesses ( fitful en]gy1 its p]iods ( gr& display & mom5ts ( glori\s a*ievem5t1 b produc+ no?+ politically great or durable1 & s9k+ at l5g? into a resign$ s]vitude4 ,x _h its ,peisi/ratid m successful ?an ^? ( ,a!ns2 x _h1 too1 its ,h>modius & ,ari/ogeiton2 x _h its great orator ( lib]ty1 z pot5t & z un=tunate z ! antagoni/ ( ,philip4 ,& f9ally1 l ,a!ns1 x became cont5t ) ! remembrance ( its =m] glory1 ) be+ ! fa%ionable & ackn[l$g$ seat ( ref9em5t & ta/e1 ) be+ a fav\r$ dep5d5cy on ! mod]n heir ( ! ,cs>s4 ,b if to ,v5ice belongs a gr&] public hi/ory1 ,flor5t9e names & works1 l ,a!nian1 w be liv+ among m51 :5 ! ,br5ta %all h be5 left un*eck$ to turn ! ,lagunes into pl\ghl&1 & :5 ,rome h]self may no long] be ! seat ( ! ,popes4 ,! ye> ( ,dante's bir? 0 a memorable "o 9 ! annals ( ,flor5ce1 ( ,italy1 & ( ,*ri/5dom4#b ,! ye> #abfe 0 ! ye> ( t great victory ( ,b5ev5to1 :]e ,*>les ( ,anj\ ov]?rew ,manfr$ ( ,naples1 & de/roy$ at "o bl[ ! p[] ( ! h\se ( ,swabia4 ,f t "t till ! "t ( ,*>les ,v41 ! emp]ors _h no foot+ 9 ,italy4 ,fur!r1 t victory set up ! ,fr5* influ5ce 9 ,italy1 :i*1 transi5t 9 itself1 produc$ su* /range & mom5t\s consequ5ces1 by ! intimate connexion to :i* x l$ betwe5 ! ,fr5* k+s & ! ,popes4 ,! protection ( ,france 0 de>ly b\ght by ! captivity ( ,avignon1 ! great we/]n s*ism1 & ! consequ5t secul>isation ( ! ,papacy1 :i* la/$ on un9t]rupt$ till ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t4 ,ne>ly ?ree c5turies ( degradation & sc&al1 unreliev$ by "o h]oic ef=t among ! successors ( ,gregory ,,vii41 connect$ ! ,re=mation ) ! triumph ( ,*>les & ! ,pope at ,b5ev5to4 ,f9ally1 by x ! ,guelf p>ty 0 re/or$ = good 9 ,flor5ce2 ! ,guelf democracy1 :i* _h be5 trampl$ d[n by ! ,ub]ti & ,manfr$'s *ivalry at ,monteap]ti1 once m rais$ its head2 & =tune1 :i* _h long wav]$ betwe5 ! rival lilies1 f9ally turn$ aga9/ ! :ite "o1 till ! "n ( ,ghibell9e became a proscrib$ "o 9 ,flor5ce1 z ,jacobite 0 once 9 ,scotl&1 or ,papi/ 9 ,engl&1 or ,royali/ 9 ,france4 ,footnote #b3 ,may1 #abfe4 7,pelli47 ,b5ev5to3 ,feb4 #bf1 #abfe_/f4 ,! ,flor5t9e ye> began ,m>* #be4 ,! names ( ,guelf & ,ghibell9e 7 ! inh]itance ( a conte/ :i*1 9 its orig9al mean+1 _h be5 long ov]4 ,! old /ruggle betwe5 ! prie/hood & ! empire 0 /ill kept up traditionally1 b its ideas & int]e/s 7 *ang$3 !y 7 /ill great & important ones1 b n ^? ( ,gregory ,,vii4 ,x _h pass$ ov] f ! mix$ region ( ! spiritual & temporal into ! purely political4 ,! cause ( ! popes 0 t ( ! indep5d5ce ( ,italy--! fre$om & alliance ( ! great cities ( ! nor?1 & ! dep5d5ce ( ! c5tre & s\? on ! ,roman ,see4 ,to keep ! ,emp]or out ( ,italy--to create a b>ri] ( p[]ful cities aga9/ him s\? ( ! ,alps--to =m beh9d !mselves a compact t]ritory1 ri*1 remov$ f ! fir/ bur/ ( invasion1 & ma9ta9+ a /rong body ( int]e/$ feudatories1 _h n[ become ! great object ( ! popes4 ,x may h be5 a wise policy on _! "p1 = ! ma9t5ance ( _! spiritual influ5ce1 to attempt to connect _! own indep5d5ce ) ! political fre$om ( ! ,italian communities2 b c]ta9 x is t ! ideas & ! *>act]s :i* gave a religi\s int]e/ & gr&eur to ! e>li] "p ( ! conte/1 appe> b sp>+ly1 if at all1 9 its lat] =ms4 ,! two p>ties did n c>e to keep 9 view pr9ciples :i* _! *iefs _h lo/ sight (4 ,! ,emp]or & ! ,pope 7 bo? real p[]s1 able to protect & assi/2 & !y divid$ betwe5 !m ^? :o requir$ protection & assi/ance4 ,geographical position1 ! rivalry ( neighb\rhood1 family tradition1 private feuds1 & above all private int]e/1 7 ! ma9 causes :i* assign$ cities1 families1 & individuals to ! ,ghibell9e or ,guelf p>ty4 ,"o p>ty call$ !mselves ! ,emp]or's liegem51 & _! wat*word 0 au?ority & law2 ! o!r side 7 ! liegem5 ( ,holy ,*ur*1 & _! cry 0 lib]ty2 & ! di/9ction z a broad "o is true4 ,b a democracy w\ld become ,ghibell9e1 )\t scruple1 if its neighb\r t[n 0 ,guelf2 & among ! ,guelf liegem5 ( ! ,*ur* & lib]ty ! pride ( blood & love ( p[] 7 n a :it inf]ior to t ( _! oppon5ts4 ,yet1 ?\gh ! orig9al pr9ciple ( ! conte/ 0 lo/1 & ! political di/9ctions ( p>ties 7 (t5 int]f]$ ) by int]e/ or accid5t1 x is n impossible to trace 9 ! two factions diff]5ces ( temp]1 ( moral & political incl9ations1 :i* ?\gh visible only on a l>ge scale & 9 ! mass1 7 q suffici5t to give mean+ & reality to _! mutual opposition4 ,^! diff]5ces _h come d[n1 greatly alt]$ ( c\rse1 f ! qu>rel 9 :i* ! p>ties took _! rise4 ,! ,ghibell9es z a body reflect$ ! worldl9ess1 ! lic5ce1 ! irreligion1 ! reckless selfi%ness1 ! d>+ insol5ce1 & at ! same "t ! gaiety & pomp1 ! pr9cely magnific5ce & g5]osity & l>g5ess ( m9d ( ! h\se ( ,swabia2 !y 7 ! m5 ( ! c\rt & camp1 imp]i\s & haughty f anci5t l9eage or ! ,imp]ial cause1 yet n want+ 9 ! frankness & c\rtesy ( nobility2 c>eless ( public op9ion & public rights1 b n dead to ! gr&eur ( public objects & public s]vices4 ,among !m 7 f\nd1 or to !m incl9$1 all :o1 :e!r f a base or a l(ty ambition1 desir$ to place _! w above law#c--! "l ( ! feudal ca/le1 ! robb]-knight ( ! ,ap5n9e pass1 ! magnific5t b t]rible tyrants ( ! cities1 ! pride & %ame ( ,italy1 ! ,visconti & ,scalig]s4 ,t r5[n$ ,ghibell9e *ief1 :om ! poet f9ds 9 ! fi]y sepul*res ( ! unbeliev]s ) ! great ,ghibell9e emp]or & ! pr9cely ,ghibell9e c>d9al--! disda9ful & bitt] b l(ty _s ( ,f>9ata degli ,ub]ti1 ! conqu]or1 & !n s+ly & at 8 own risk1 ! savi\r ( 8 c\ntry :i* _h wrong$ him1 repres5ts ! good z well z ! bad side ( 8 p>ty4 ,footnote #c3 ,magh9>do da ,sus9ana 7il ,demonio1 ,purg4 #ad7 fu uno gr&e e savio tiranno 444 gran ca/ellano1 e con molti f$eli3 savio fu di gu]ra e b5e avv5turoso 9 pi battaglie1 e al suo tempo fece gran cose4 ,ghibell9o era di sua nazione e 9 sue op]e2 ma co' ,fior5t9i era ,guelfo e nimico di tutti i loro nimici1 o ,guelfi o ,ghibell9i *e fossono4--,g4 ,vill4 vii4 #adi4 ,a ,ghibell9e by bir? & disposition2 yet1 f circum/ances1 a close ally ( ! ,guelfs ( ,flor5ce4 ,! ,guelfs1 on ! o!r h&1 7 ! p>ty ( ! middle classes2 !y rose out ( & held to ! p2 !y 7 /rong by _! compactness1 _! organisation 9 cities1 _! comm]cial relations & int]e/s1 _! comm& ( money4 ,fur!r1 !y 7 pr(ess$ly ! p>ty ( /rictness & religion1 a pr(ession :i* fett]$ !m z little z _! oppon5ts 7 fett]$ by ! respect !y claim$ = imp]ial law4 ,b ?\gh by p]sonal unscrupul\sness & selfi%ness1 & 9 in/ances ( public v5geance1 !y s9n$ z deeply z ! ,ghibell9es1 !y /ood f> m committ$ z a p>ty to a public mean+ & purpose--to improvem5t 9 law & ! condition ( ! poor1 to a prote/ aga9/ ! insol5ce ( ! /rong1 to ! enc\ragem5t ( indu/ry4 ,! g5u9e ,guelf _s 0 au/]e1 frugal1 indep5d5t1 e>ne/1 religi\s1 fond ( its home & ,*ur*1 & ( ^? celebrations :i* b\nd toge!r ,*ur* & home2 b )al v pr\d1 v intol]ant2 9 its high] =m intol]ant ( evil1 b intol]ant always to :atev] displeas$ x4 ,yet !re 0 a grave & noble manl9ess ab\t x :i* long kept x alive 9 ,flor5ce4 ,x _h n z yet turn$ itself aga9/ ! practical corruptions ( ! ,*ur*1 :i* 0 its ally2 b ?is also x 0 to d1 :5 ! popes _h =sak5 ! cause ( lib]ty1 & leagu$ !mselves ) ! brilliant tyranny ( ! ,m$ici4 ,!n ,savon>ola invok$1 & n 9 va91 ! /]n old ,guelf _s ( resi/ance1 ( dome/ic purity & sev]ity1 & ( dome/ic religion1 aga9/ unbelief & lic5ti\sness ev5 9 ! ,*ur*2 & ! ,guelf ,piagnoni pres5t$1 9 a m simple & g5]\s %ape1 a resemblance to our own ,puritans1 z ! ,ghibell9es (t5 recall ! co>s] & worse features ( our own ,cavali]s4 ,9 ,flor5ce1 ^! di/9ctions _h become m]e nom9al ones1 conf9$ to ! great families :o c>ri$ on _! private feuds "u ! old p>ty names1 :5 ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 once m gave !m _! mean+4 ,al?\gh ! accurs$ ,guelf & ,ghibell9e factions la/$ among/ ! nobles ( ,flor5ce1 & !y (t5 wag$ w> among !mselves out ( private grudges1 & took sides = ! said factions1 & held "o ) ano!r1 & ^? :o call$ !mselves ,guelfs desir$ ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,pope & ,holy ,*ur*1 & ^? :o call$ !mselves ,ghibell9es fav\r$ ! ,emp]or & 8 adh]5ts1 yet )al ! p & commonalty ( ,flor5ce ma9ta9$ itself 9 unity1 to ! well-be+ & hon\r & e/abli%m5t ( ! commonweal?4#d ,b ! appe>ance on ! sc5e ( an emp]or ( su* tal5t & bold designs reviv$ ! languid conte/1 & gave to p>ty a cause1 & to individual passions & ambition an impulse & pretext4 ,! division betwe5 ,guelf & ,ghibell9e aga9 became s]i\s1 involv$ all ,flor5ce1 arm$ h\se aga9/ h\se1 & neighb\rhood aga9/ neighb\rhood1 issu$ 9 m]ciless & v9dictive w>f>e1 grew on into a hopeless & deadly brea*1 & f9ally lo/ to ,flor5ce1 )\t rem$y or repair1 half h] noble h\ses & ! love ( ! greate/ ( h] sons4 ,! old badge ( _! common c\ntry became to ! two factions ! sign ( _! implacable hatr$2 ! :ite lily ( ,flor5ce1 borne by ! ,ghibell9es1 0 turn$ to r$ by ! ,guelfs1 & ! fl[] ( two col\rs m>k$ a civil /rife z cruel & z fatal1 if on a small] scale1 z t ( ! ,engli% roses4#e ,footnote #d3 ,g4 ,villani1 vi4 #cc4 ,footnote #e3 ,g4 ,villani1 vi4 #cc1 #dc2 ,p>ad4 #ai4 ,x 0 wag$ ) ! peculi> *>act]i/ics ( ,italian civil w>4 ,!re ! city itself 0 ! sc5e ( battle4 ,a ?irte5? c5tury city 9 ,italy bore on its face ! evid5ce t x 0 built & arrang$ = su* em]g5cies4 ,its cr[d$ & n>r[ /reets 7 a collection ( rival ca/les1 ^: tall t[]s1 ris+ ?ick & close ov] its ro(s1 or hang+ p]il\sly ov] its close c\rts1 atte/$ ! emul\s pride & ! insecurity ( ,italian civic life4 ,!re1 )9 a sep>ate prec9ct1 flank$ & fac$ by jeal\s fri5ds or deadly enemies1 7 clu/]$ toge!r ! dwell+s ( ! v>i\s memb]s ( ea* great h\se--_! common home & ! monum5t ( _! magnific5ce & pride1 & capable ( be+1 z 0 s (t5 necess>y1 _! common refuge4 ,9 ^! =tresses ( ! lead+ families1 scatt]$ ab\t ! city1 7 ! v>i\s po9ts ( onset & recov]y 9 civic battle2 9 ! /reets b>ricades 7 rais$1 mangonels & crossb[s 7 pli$ f ! t[]s1 a s]ies ( sep>ate combats rag$ ?r\gh ! city1 till *ance at l5g? connect$ ! attacks ( "o side1 or "s panic p>alys$ ! resi/ance ( ! o!r1 or a conflagration int]pos$ itself betwe5 ! combatants1 burn+ out at once ,guelf & ,ghibell9e1 & lay+ half ,flor5ce 9 a%es4 ,ea* p>ty _h _! turn ( victory2 ea*1 :5 vanqui%$1 w5t into exile1 & c>ri$ on ! w> outside ! walls2 ea* _h _! opportunity ( remodell+ ! ord]s & framework ( gov]nm5t1 & ea* did s rel5tlessly at ! co/ ( _! oppon5ts4 ,!y exclud$ classes1 !y proscrib$ families1 !y confiscat$ prop]ty1 !y sack$ & burn$ w>eh\ses1 !y levell$ ! palaces1 & outrag$ ! pride ( _! antagoni/s4 ,to de/roy 0 n en\gh1 )\t add+ to x ! ke5e/ & newe/ ref9em5t ( insult4 ,two build+s 9 ,flor5ce 7 peculi>ly de>--among _! c>i luoghi--to ! popul> feel+ & ! ,guelf p>ty3 ! ,bapti/]y ( ,/4 ,john1 il mio bel ,s4 ,giovanni1 to :i* all ! good p resort$ on ,sundays1#f :]e !y _h all receiv$ baptism1 :]e !y _h be5 m>ri$1 :]e families 7 solemnly reconcil$2 & a tall & beautiful t[] close by x1 call$ ! ,torre del ,gu>damorto1 :]e ! bodies ( ! good p1 :o ( old 7 all buri$ at ,s4 ,giovanni1 re/$ on _! way to ! grave4 ,! victori\s ,ghibell9es1 :5 !y levell$ ! ,guelf t[]s1 ov]?rew ?is "o1 & endeav\r$ to make x cru% 9 its fall ! sacr$ *ur*1 :i*1 says ! old *ronicl]1 0 prev5t$ by a miracle4 ,! ,guelfs1 :5 _! day came1 built ! walls ( ,flor5ce ) ! /ones ( ,ghibell9e palaces4#g ,"o great family /&s out pre-em95t 9 ?is fi]ce conflict z ! victim & monum5t ( p>ty w>4 ,! head ( ! ,ghibell9es 0 ! pr\d & p[]ful h\se ( ! ,ub]ti1 :o %>$ ) ano!r great ,ghibell9e family1 ! ,pazzi1 ! valley ( ! upp] ,arno4 ,!y light$ up ! w> 9 ! ,emp]or's cause4 ,!y support$ its weight & guid$ x4 ,9 "t ( peace !y 7 =emo/ & unre/ra9$ 9 defiance ( law & 9 scorn ( ! p--9 w>1 ! p's fi]ce/ & mo/ active enemies4 ,heavy suff]]s1 9 _! prop]ty1 & by ! sword & axe1 yet untam$ & incorrigible1 !y l$ ! van 9 t battle1 s long rememb]$ to _! co/ by ! ,guelfs1 ! battle ( ,monteap]ti 7#abfj7-- ,lo /razio1 e 'l gran scempio ,*e fece l',arbia colorata 9 rossa4--,inf4 #aj4 ,footnote #f3 ,g4 ,villani1 vi4 #cc1 iv4 #aj2 ,inf4 #ai2 ,p>ad4 #be4 ,footnote #g3 ,g4 ,villani1 vi4 #ci1 #fe4 ,t ! head ( _! h\se1 ,f>9ata1 sav$ ,flor5ce f ! v5geance ( 8 mean] associates1 0 n en\gh to atone = ! unp>donable wrongs :i* !y _h done to ! ,guelfs & ! democracy4 ,:5 ! r$ lily ( ! ,guelfs f9ally supplant$ ! :ite "o z ! arms ( ,flor5ce1 & ! badge ( ,guelph triumph1 !y 7 proscrib$ = ev]1 l ! ,peisi/ratid & ! ,t>qu9s4 ,9 e amne/y _! names 7 except$4 ,! site on :i* _! h\ses _h /ood 0 nev] aga9 to be built ^u1 & rema9s ! ,great ,squ>e ( ,flor5ce2 ! ar*itect ( ! ,palace ( ! ,p 0 oblig$ to sacrifice its symmetry1 & to place x awry1 t its walls might n encroa* on ! accurs$ gr\nd4#h ,!y _h be51 says a writ]1 contempor>y ) ,dante1 speak+ ( ! "t :5 he also became an exile2 !y _h be5 = m ?an =ty ye>s outlaws f _! c\ntry1 nor ev] f\nd m]cy nor pity1 rema9+ always abroad 9 great /ate1 nor ev] abas$ _! hon\r1 see+ t !y ev] abode ) k+s & lords1 & to great ?+s appli$ !mselves4#i ,!y 7 lov$ z !y 7 hat$4 ,:5 "u ! protection ( a c>d9al "o ( !m visit$ ! city1 & ! *equ]$ blue & gold blazon ( _! h\se 01 aft] an int]val ( half a c5tury1 aga9 se5 9 ! /reets ( ,flor5ce2 _m anci5t ,ghibell9e m5 & wom5 press$ to kiss ! arms1#aj & ev5 ! common p did him hon\r4 ,footnote #h3 ,g4 ,villani1 vi4 #cc1 viii4 #bf2 ,vas>i1 ,arnolfo di ,lapo1 i4 #bee 7,fir4 #ahdf74 ,footnote #i3 ,d9o ,compagni1 p4 #hh4 ,footnote #aj3 ,d9o ,compagni1 p4 #ajg4 ,b ! =tunes ( ,flor5t9e factions dep5d$ on o!r causes ?an m]ely ! address or vig\r ( _! lead]s4 ,f ! ye> ( ,dante's bir? & ,*>les's victory1 ,flor5ce1 z f> z we %all h to d ) x1 became irrevocably ,guelf4 ,n t ! :ole commonalty ( ,flor5ce =mally call$ itself ,guelf1 or t ! ,guelf p>ty 0 co-ext5sive ) x2 b ! city 0 controll$ by ,guelf c\ncils1 devot$ to ! objects ( ! great ,guelf p>ty1 & receiv$ 9 return ! support ( t p>ty 9 curb+ ! pride ( ! nobles1 & ma9ta9+ democratic =ms4 ,! ,guelf p>ty ( ,flor5ce1 ?\gh x 0 ! life & s\l ( ! republic1 & irresi/ible 9 its disposal ( ! influ5ce & arms ( ,flor5ce1 & ?\gh x embrac$ a l>ge numb] ( ! mo/ p[]ful families1 is always spok5 ( z some?+ di/9ct f1 & ext]nal to1 ! gov]n+ p[]s1 & ! :ole body ( ! p4 ,x 0 a body ) a sep>ate & self-con/itut$ exi/5ce2--9 ! /ate & alli$ to x1 b an indep5d5t elem5t1 hold+ on to a l>ge & compreh5sive union )\t ! /ate4 ,its organisation 9 ,flor5ce is "o ( ! mo/ curi\s among ! _m curi\s comb9ations :i* meet u 9 ,italian hi/ory4 ,aft] ! f9al expulsion ( ! ,ghibell9es1 ! ,guelf p>ty took =m z an in/itution1 ) def9ite p[]s1 & a local exi/5ce4 ,x appe>s ) z di/9ct a %ape z ! ,jacob9 ,club or ! ,orange ,lodges1 side by side ) ! gov]nm5t4 ,x 0 a corporate body ) a common seal1 common prop]ty1 n only 9 funds b l&s--(fic]s1 ar*ives1 a common palace1#aa a great c\ncil1 a secret committee1 & la/ ( all1 a public accus] ( ! ,ghibell9es2 ( ! confiscat$ ,ghibell9e e/ates "o-?ird w5t to ! republic1 ano!r ?ird to comp5sate individual ,guelfs1 ! re/ 0 assign$ to ! ,guelf p>ty4#ab ,a pope1 7,clem5t ,,iv41 #abfe-fh7 _h grant$ !m 8 own arms#ac2 & _! device1 a r$ eagle clut*+ a s]p5t1 may be yet se51 ) ! r$ lily1 & ! p>ty-col\r$ bann] ( ! commonalty1 on ! battlem5ts ( ! ,palazzo ,vec*io4 ,footnote #aa3 ,giotto pa9t$ 9 x3 ,vas>i1 ,vit4 di ,giotto1 p4 #cad4 ,footnote #ab3 ,g4 ,villani1 vii4 #b1 #ag4 ,footnote #ac3 ,ibid4 vii4 #b4 ,b ! expulsion ( ! ,ghibell9es did b little to re/ore peace4 ,! great ,guelf families1 z old z _m ( ! ,ghibell9es1 _h z little rev]5ce z !y = law or civic rights4 ,bel[ ^!1 ! ackn[l$g$ nobility ( ,flor5ce1 7 ! lead+ families ( ! p1 h\ses creat$ by successful indu/ry or comm]ce1 & pu%+ up into t privileg$ ord]1 :i*1 h[ev] ignor$ & ev5 discr$it$ by ! laws1 0 fully recognis$ by feel+ & op9ion 9 ! mo/ democratic times ( ! republic4 ,rivalries & feuds1 /reet broils & conspiracies1 high-h&$ insol5ce f ! great m51 r\gh v5geance f ! populace1 /ill cont9u$ to vex jeal\s & *angeful ,flor5ce4 ,! popes s\ght 9 va9 to keep 9 ord] _! qu>relsome liegem52 to reconcile ,guelf ) ,guelf1 & ev5 ,guelf ) ,ghibell9e4 ,embassies w5t & came1 to ask = m$iation & to pr(f] x2 to apply ! heal+ pat]nal h&2 to pres5t an obsequi\s & o/5tati\s submission4 ,c>d9al legates came 9 /ate1 & 7 receiv$ ) rev]5tial pomp2 !y =m$ private committees1 & held assemblies1 & made m>riages2 !y h>angu$ 9 honey$ words1 & ga9$ ! l>ge/ promises2 on "o occasion ! ,great ,squ>e 0 turn$ into a va/ !atre1 & on ?is /age "o hundr$ & fifty dissid5ts on ea* side came =w>d1 & 9 ! pres5ce & ) ! b5$iction ( ! c>d9al kiss$ ea* o!r on ! m\?4#ad ,& if p]suasion fail$1 ! pope's repres5tative hesitat$ n to excommunicate & int]dict ! fai?ful b obdurate city4 ,b :e!r excommunicat$ or bless$1 ,flor5ce c\ld n be at peace2 h[ev] wise & subtle _h be5 ! peace-mak]'s arrangem5ts1 8 dep>t+ cortge 0 h>dly out ( sight ( ! city be=e !y 7 bl[n to ! w9ds4 ,n m successful 7 ! ef=ts ( ! s5sible & mod]ate citiz5s :o sigh$ = tranquillity )9 its walls4 ,d9o ,compagni's int]e/+ ?\gh n v ord]ly n>rative describes ) great frankness1 & ) ! p]plexity ( a simple-he>t$ man puzzl$ by ! cont9ual triumph ( clev] wick$ness1 ! v>iety & ! fruitlessness ( ! exp$i5ts devis$ by him & o!r good citiz5s aga9/ ! resolute & incorrigible selfi%ness ( ! great ,guelfs--ev]1 :5 *eck$ 9 "o =m1 break+ out 9 ano!r2 pro( aga9/ all p]suasion1 all b5efits2 n to be b\nd by law1 or compact1 or oa?2 elud+ or turn+ to its own acc\nt ! deepe/ & sage/ contrivances ( con/itutional wisdom4 ,footnote #ad3 ,g4 ,villani1 vii4 #ef4 ,a great battle won aga9/ ,ghibell9e ,arezzo#ae rais$ ! r5[n & ! milit>y _s ( ! ,guelf p>ty1 = ! fame ( ! battle 0 v great2 ! ho/s conta9$ ! *oice/ *ivalry ( ei!r side1 arm$ & appo9t$ ) emul\s spl5d\r4 ,! fight+ 0 h>d1 !re 0 brilliant & conspicu\s gallantry1 & ! victory 0 complete4 ,x seal$ ,guelf asc5dancy4 ,! ,ghibell9e w>rior-bi%op ( ,arezzo fell1 ) ?ree ( ! ,ub]ti1 & o!r ,ghibell9e *iefs4 ,x 0 a day ( trial4 ,_m t day :o _h be5 ?\ght ( great pr[ess 7 f\nd da/>ds1 & _m :o _h nev] be5 spok5 ( 7 held 9 high e/eem4 ,x repair$ ! hon\r ( ,flor5ce1 & ! citiz5s %[$ _! feel+ ( its importance by mix+ up ! m>vell\s ) its /ory4 ,its tid+s came to ,flor5ce--s runs ! tale 9 ,villani1 :o decl>es :at he he>d & saw himself--at ! v h\r 9 :i* x 0 won4 ,! ,priors ( ! republic 7 re/+ 9 _! palace dur+ ! noonday heat2 sudd5ly ! *amb] door 0 %ak51 & ! cry he>d3 ,rise up6 ! ,aret9i are defeat$4 ,! door 0 op5$1 b !re 0 no "o2 _! s]vants _h se5 no "o ent] ! palace1 & no "o came f ! army till ! h\r ( vesp]s1 on a long summ]'s day4 ,9 ?is battle ! ,guelf lead]s _h won great glory4 ,! h]o ( ! day 0 ! pr\de/1 h&some/1 craftie/1 mo/ w9n+1 mo/ ambiti\s1 mo/ unscrupul\s ,guelf noble 9 ,flor5ce--"o ( a family :o inh]it$ ! _s & recklessness ( ! proscrib$ ,ub]ti1 & did n refuse ! popul> epi!t ( ,malefami--,corso ,donati4 ,he did n come back f ! field ( ,campald9o1 :]e he _h won ! battle by disobey+ ord]s ) any increas$ disposition to yield to rivals1 or c\rt ! populace1 or respect o!r m5's rights4 ,^? rivals1 too--& !y also _h f\ght gallantly 9 ! po/ ( hon\r at ,campald9o--7 su* z he hat$ f 8 s\l--rivals :om he despis$1 & :o yet 7 too /rong = him4 ,8 blood 0 anci5t1 !y 7 up/>ts2 he 0 a soldi]1 !y 7 trad]s2 he 0 poor1 !y ! ri*e/ m5 9 ,flor5ce4 ,!y _h come to live close to ! ,donati1 !y _h b\ght ! palace ( an old ,ghibell9e family1 !y _h enl>g$1 adorn$1 & =tifi$ x1 & kept great /ate !re4 ,!y _h cross$ him 9 m>riages1 b>ga9s1 inh]itances4 ,!y _h won popul>ity1 hon\r1 influ5ce2 & yet !y 7 b m5 ( bus9ess1 :ile he _h a "p 9 all ! political movem5ts ( ! day4 ,he 0 ! fri5d & intimate ( lords & noblem51 ) great connexions & fam\s ?r\gh all ,italy2 !y 7 ! fav\rites ( ! common p = _! k9dness & good nature2 !y ev5 %[$ consid]ation = ,ghibell9es4 ,he 0 an accompli%$ man ( ! _w1 ke5 & subtle1 full ( malici\s ?\ghts1 mis*iev\s & crafty2 !y 7 inexp]i5c$ 9 intrigue1 & _h ! reputation ( be+ clumsy & /upid4 ,he 0 ! mo/ graceful & engag+ ( c\rti]s2 !y 7 n ev5 g5tlem54 ,la/ly1 9 ! debates ( t excitable republic he 0 ! mo/ eloqu5t speak]1 & !y 7 tongue-ti$4#af ,footnote #ae3 ,campald9o1 9 #abhi4 ,g4 ,vill4 vii4 #aca2 ,d9o ,comp4 p4 #ad4 ,footnote #af3 ,d9o ,comp4 pp4 #cb1 #ge1 #id1 #acc4 ,!re 0 a family1 writes ,d9o ,compagni1 :o call$ !mselves ! ,c]*i1 m5 ( l[ e/ate1 b good m]*ants & v ri*2 & !y dress$ ri*ly1 & ma9ta9$ _m s]vants & horses1 & made a brave %[2 & "s ( !m b\ght ! palace ( ! ,conti ,guidi1 :i* 0 ne> ! h\ses ( ! ,pazzi & ,donati1 :o 7 m anci5t ( blood b n s ri*2 !re=e1 see+ ! ,c]*i rise to great dignity1 & t !y _h wall$ & enl>g$ ! palace1 & kept great /ate1 ! ,donati began to h a great hatr$ aga9/ !m4 ,villani gives ! same acc\nt ( ! feud4#ag ,x began 9 t qu>t] ( sc&al ! ,se/a ( ,porta ,s4 ,pi]o1 betwe5 ! ,c]*i & ,donati1 on ! "o side ?r\gh jeal\sy1 on ! o!r ?r\gh *urli% rud5ess4 ,( ! h\se ( ! ,c]*i 0 head ,mess] ,vi]i de' ,c]*i1 & he & ^? ( 8 h\se 7 p ( great bus9ess1 & p[]ful1 & ( great relation%ips1 & mo/ weal?y trad]s1 s t _! company 0 "o ( ! greate/ 9 ! _w2 m5 !y 7 ( s(t life1 & :o meant no h>m2 boori% & ill-mann]$1 l p :o _h come 9 a %ort "t to great /ate & p[]4 ,! ,donati 7 g5tlem5 & w>riors1 & ( no excessive weal?4444 ,!y 7 neighb\rs 9 ,flor5ce & 9 ! c\ntry1 & by ! conv]sation ( _! jeal\sy ) ! peevi% boori%ness ( ! o!rs1 arose ! pr\d scorn t !re 0 betwe5 !m4 ,! glories ( ,campald9o 7 n z oil on ^! tr\bl$ wat]s4 ,! conqu]ors fl\t$ ea* o!r all ! m fi]cely 9 ! /reets on _! return1 & ill-treat$ ! l[] p ) less scruple4 ,no ga!r+ = fe/ive or s]i\s purposes c\ld be held )\t tempt+ /rife4 ,a m>riage1 a fun]al1 a ball1 a gay procession ( cavali]s & ladies--any meet+ :]e "o /ood :ile ano!r sat1 :]e horse or man might jo/le ano!r1 :]e pride might be nettl$ or temp] %[n1 0 9 dang] ( end+ 9 blood4 ,! less] qu>rels mean:ile rang$ !mselves "u ! great] ones2 & ^!1 especially t betwe5 ! ,c]*i & ,donati1 took m & m a political "*4 ,! ,c]*i incl9$ m & m to ! trad+ classes & ! l[] p2 !y ?rew !mselves on _! popul>ity1 & began to hold alo( f ! meet+s ( ! ,p>te ,guelfa1 :ile ?is organis$ body became an in/rum5t 9 ! h&s ( _! oppon5ts1 a club ( ! nobles4 ,corso ,donati1 besides mis*ief ( a m sub/antial k9d1 turn$ 8 ridicule on _! solemn dulness & awkw>d spee*1 & 8 fri5ds ! je/]s1 "o ,scampol9o 9 p>ticul>1 c>ri$ 8 gibes & nicknames all ov] ,flor5ce4 ,! ,c]*i receiv$ all 9 sull5 & clogg$ indiff]5ce4 ,!y 7 satisfi$ ) repell+ attacks1 & nurs$ _! hatr$4#ah ,footnote #ag3 ,g4 ,vill4 viii4 #ci4 ,footnote #ah3 ,d9o ,compagni1 pp4 #cb1 #cd1 #ch4 ,?us ! city 0 divid$1 & ! attempts to *eck ! factions only exasp]at$ !m4 ,x 0 9 va9 t1 :5 at times ! gov]nm5t & ! populace lo/ pati5ce1 sev]e measures 7 tak54 ,x 0 9 va9 t ! re=m]1 ,gian della ,bella1 c>ri$ = a "t 8 h>% ord]s ( ju/ice aga9/ ! nobles1 & inve/$ popul> v5geance ) ! solemnity ( law & ) ! pomp & c]emony ( a public act--t :5 a noble _h be5 convict$ ( kill+ a citiz51 ! great (fic]1 ,/&>d-be>]1 z he 0 call$1 ( ju/ice1 issu$ =? 9 /ate & procession1 ) ! bann] ( ju/ice borne be=e him1 ) all 8 tra91 & at ! head ( ! arm$ citiz5s1 to ! h\se ( ! crim9al1 & raz$ x to ! gr\nd4 ,an eyewitness describes ! effect ( su* *a/isem5t3--,i1 ,d9o ,compagni1 be+ ,gonfaloni] ( ,ju/ice 9 #abic1 w5t to _! h\ses1 & to ^? ( _! relations1 & ^! ,i caus$ to be pull$ d[n accord+ to ! laws4 ,?is beg9n+ 9 ! case ( ! o!r ,gonfaloni]s came to an evil effect2 because1 if !y demoli%$ ! h\ses accord+ to ! laws1 ! p said t !y 7 cruel2 & if !y did n demoli% !m completely1 !y said t !y 7 c[>ds2 & _m di/ort$ ju/ice = fe> ( ! p4 ,gian della ,bella 0 ov]?r[n ) few regrets ev5 on ! "p ( ! p4 ,equally va9 0 ! attempt to keep ! peace by sep>at+ ! lead]s ( ! di/urbances4 ,!y 7 bani%$ by a k9d ( o/racism2 !y dep>t$ 9 o/5tati\s meekness1 ,corso ,donato to plot at ,rome1 ,vi]i de' ,c]*i to return imm$iately to ,flor5ce4 ,an>*y _h got too fa/ a hold on ! city1 & x requir$ a /rong] h& ?an t ( ! pope1 or ! signory ( ! republic1 to keep x d[n4 ,yet ,flor5ce prosp]$4 ,e ye> x grew ri*]1 m intellectual1 m ref9$1 m beautiful1 m gay4 ,) its an>*y !re 0 no /agnation4 ,torn & divid$ z x 01 its en]gy did n slack51 its busy & creative _s 0 n dead5$1 its hopefulness n abat$4 ,! factions1 fi]ce & p]sonal z !y 71 did n h9d] t int]e/ 9 political ideas1 t active & subtle /udy ( ! que/ions ( civil gov]nm5t1 t passion & +5uity display$ 9 political contrivance1 :i* n[ p]vad$ ,nor!rn ,italy1 ev]y:]e m>vell\sly pati5t & hopeful1 ?\gh f> f be+ equally successful4 ,9 ,v5ice at ! close ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 t polity 0 f9ally settl$ & consolidat$1 by :i* %e 0 great z long z cities c\ld be imp]ial1 & :i* ev5 9 its decay surviv$ ! mon>*y ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 & exi/$ )9 ! memory ( liv+ m54 ,9 ,flor5ce1 ! con/ructive _s ( law & ord] only resi/$1 b nev] triumph$4 ,yet x 0 at ?is "t resolute & sangu9e1 ready ) exp]im5t & *ange1 & n yet dispirit$ by cont9ual failure4 ,political int]e/1 h[ev]1 & p>ty conte/s 7 n suffici5t to absorb & employ ! citiz5s ( ,flor5ce4 ,_! g5ial & v]satile _s1 s ke51 s inv5tive1 s ela/ic1 :i* made !m su* hot & impetu\s p>tisans1 kept !m f be+ only ?is4 ,! "t 0 "o ( gr[?2 new k1 new p[]s1 new ta/es 7 op5+ to m5--new pursuits attract$ !m4 ,!re 0 comm]ce1 !re 0 ! s*ool philosophy1 !re 0 ! sci5ce ( nature1 !re 0 anci5t le>n+1 !re 0 ! civil law1 !re 7 ! arts1 !re 0 poetry1 all rude z yet1 & un=m$1 b full ( hope--! liv+ p>5ts ( mighti] (fspr+4 ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 _h once m op5$ ,ari/otle to ! ,lat9 _w2 he _h giv5 an impulse to ! /udy ( ! great monum5ts ( ,roman legislation :i* 0 respond$ to ?r\gh ,italy2 himself a poet1 8 example & 8 spl5did c\rt _h made poetry fa%ionable4 ,9 ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury a great /ride 0 made at ,flor5ce4 ,:ile h] great poet 0 gr[+ up to manhood1 z rapid a *ange w5t on 9 h] /reets1 h] social cu/oms1 ! weal? ( h] citiz5s1 _! ideas ( magnific5ce & beauty1 _! appreciation ( lit]ature4 ,x 0 ! age ( gr[+ comm]ce & travel2 ,franciscan mission>ies _h rea*$ ,*9a1 & settl$ !re2#ai 9 #abid1 ,m>co ,polo return$ to ,v5ice1 ! fir/ successful explor] ( ! ,ea/4 ,! m]*ants ( ,flor5ce lagg$ n2 _! field ( op]ation 0 ,italy & ! ,we/2 !y _h _! correspond5ts 9 ,london1 ,p>is1 & ,bruges2 !y 7 ! bank]s ( popes & k+s4#bj ,& _! city %[s to ?is day ! weal? & magnific5ce ( ! la/ ye>s ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! anci5t build+s1 consecrat$ 9 ! memory ( ! ,flor5t9e p1 7 repair$1 enl>g$1 adorn$ ) m>ble & bronze--,or ,san ,mi*ele1 ! ,badia1 ! ,bapti/]y2 & new build+s rose on a gr&] scale4 ,9 #abid 0 begun ! ,mausoleum ( ! great ,flor5t9e dead1 ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,croce4 ,9 ! same ye>1 a few mon?s lat]1 ,arnolfo laid ! deep f\ndations :i* 7 aft]w>ds to be> up ,brunelles*i's dome1 & trac$ ! plan ( ! magnific5t ca!dral4 ,9 #abih he began to raise a ,t[n-hall wor?y ( ! ,republic1 & ( be+ ! habitation ( its magi/rates1 ! fr[n+ mass ( ! ,palazzo ,vec*io4 ,9 #abii1 ! ?ird circle ( ! walls 0 comm5c$1 ) ! b5$iction ( bi%ops1 & ! conc\rse ( all ! lords & ord]s ( ,flor5ce4 ,& ,giotto 0 n[ beg9n+ to ?r[ ,cimabue into ! %ade--,giotto1 ! %eph]d's boy1 pa9t]1 sculptor1 ar*itect1 & eng9e] at once1 :o a few ye>s lat] 0 to complete & cr[n ! ar*itectural glories ( ,flor5ce by t ma/]piece ( grace1 8 m>ble ,campanile4 ,footnote #ai3 ,see ! curi\s lett]s ( ,john de ,monte ,corv9o1 ab\t 8 mission 9 ,ca?ay1 #abhi-acje1 9 ,wadd+1 vi4 #fi4 ,footnote #bj3 ,e4g4 ! ,mozzi1 ( ,greg4 ,x42 ,p]uzzi1 ( ,philip le ,bel2 ,sp9i1 ( ,boniface ,,viii42 ,c]*i del ,g>bo1 ( ,b5$ict ,,xi4 7,g4 ,vill4 vii4 #db1 viii4 #fc1 #ga2 ,d9o ,comp4 p4 #ce74 ,fifty ye>s made !n all t /rik+ diff]5ce 9 dome/ic habits1 9 ! mat]ials ( dress1 9 ! value ( money1 :i* !y h usually made 9 lat] c5turies4 ,! poet ( ! f\rte5? c5tury describes ! pr\de/ nobleman ( a hundr$ ye>s be=e ) 8 lea!rn girdle & clasp ( bone2 & 9 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( all poetic celebrations ( ! good old "t1 draws ! dome/ic life ( anci5t ,flor5ce 9 ! h\sehold :]e 8 ance/or 0 born3 ,a cos riposato1 a cos bello ,viv] di cittad9i1 a cos fida ,cittad9anza1 a cos dolce o/ello ,m>ia mi di1 *iamata 9 alte grida4--,p>4 c4 #ae4ba ,footnote #ba3 ,flor5ce1 conf9$ )9 t anci5t wall1 ,:5ce /ill ! *imes at noon & ev5+ s\nd1 ,0 sob]1 mode/1 & at peace ) all4 ,myself h se5 ,bell9cion ,b]ti pace ,! /reet 9 lea!rn belt2 8 lady come ,=? f h] toilet ) unpa9t$ face4 99 99 99 99 ,oh happy wives6 ea* soon to lay h] head ,9 h] own tomb2 & no "o yet compell$ ,to weep des]t$ 9 a lonely b$4 99 99 99 99 ,to su* pure life ( beauty & repose-- ,su* fai?ful citiz5s--su* happy m5-- ,! virg9 gave me1 :5 my "m's ?roes ,=c$ h] ) cries to call on ,m>y's "n4--,,wright4 ,!re high-born dames1 he says1 /ill pli$ ! di/aff & ! loom2 /ill rock$ ! cradle ) ! words :i* _! own mo!rs _h us$2 or work+ ) _! maid5s1 told !m old tales ( ! =efa!rs ( ! city1 ( ! ,trojans1 ( ,fiesole1 & ( ,rome4 ,villani /ill f9ds ?is rud5ess )9 =ty ye>s ( ! end ( ! c5tury1 almo/ )9 ! limits ( 8 own & ,dante's life2 & speaks ( t old fir/ p1 il primo ,popolo ,vec*io1 ) _! co>se food & exp5diture1 _! lea!r j]k9s1 & pla9 close g[ns1 _! small d[ries & late m>riages1 z if !y 7 ! fir/ f\nd]s ( ! city1 & n a g5]ation :i* _h la/$ on into 8 own4#bb ,tw5ty ye>s lat]1 8 /ory is ( ! gaiety1 ! ri*es1 ! pr(use munific5ce1 ! brilliant fe/ivities1 ! c>eless & joy\s life1 :i* attract$ =eign]s to ,flor5ce z ! city ( pleasure2 ( companies ( a ?\s& or m1 all clad 9 :ite robes1 "u a "l1 /yl$ ( ,love1 pass+ _! "t 9 sports & dances2 ( ladies & knights1 go+ ?r\gh ! city ) trumpets & o!r in/rum5ts1 ) joy & gladness1 & meet+ toge!r 9 banquets ev5+ & morn+2 ent]ta9+ illu/ri\s /rang]s1 & hon\rably escort+ !m on horseback 9 _! passage ?r\gh ! city2 tempt+ by _! lib]ality1 c\rti]s1 & wits1 & m9/rels1 & je/]s1 to add to ! amusem5ts ( ,flor5ce4#bc ,nor 7 ^! ! boi/]\s triumphs ( unref9$ & co>se m]rim5t4 ,h[ v>iety ( "* 0 drawn out1 h[ its m delicate elem5ts 7 elicit$ & temp]$1 h[ nicely x 0 obs]v$1 & h[ f9ely drawn1 let ! racy & op5-ey$ /ory-tell]s ( ,flor5ce te/ify4 ,footnote #bb3 ,g4 ,vill4 vi4 #fi 7#abei74 ,footnote #bc3 ,g4 ,vill4 vii4 #hi 7#abhc74 ,n p]haps 9 ^! troops ( revell]s1 b amid music & song1 & 9 ! pleasant places ( social & private life1 belong+ to ! ,flor5ce ( arts & poetry1 n to ! ,flor5ce ( factions & /rife1 %\ld we expect to f9d ! fri5d ( ! sweet s+]1 ,casella1 & ( ! res]v$ & bold speculator1 ,guido ,cavalcanti2 ! my/ic poet ( ! ,vita ,nuova1 s s5sitive & delicate1 trembl+ at a gaze or a t\*1 record+ visions1 pa9t+ angels1 compos+ ,canzoni & comm5t+ on !m2 f9ally devot+ himself to ! au/]e consolations ( deep /udy4 ,to sup]add to su* a "* t ( a democratic politician ( ! middle ages1 seems an incongru\s & h>% comb9ation4 ,yet x 0 a real "o 9 ?is in/ance4 ,! s*ol>'s life is1 9 our idea ( x1 f> sep>at$ f ! practical & ! political2 we h be5 taught by our exp]i5ce to disjo9 en?usiasm 9 love1 9 art1 9 :at is ab/ract or imag9ative1 f ke5 int]e/ & successful int]f]5ce 9 ! affairs & conflicts ( life4 ,! practical man may sometimes be also a dilettante2 b ! dream] or ! ?9k]1 wisely or indol5tly1 keeps out ( ! r\gh ways :]e real passions & *>act]s meet & jo/le1 or if he v5tures1 seldom ga9s hon\r !re4 ,! sep>ation1 ?\gh a natural "o1 gr[s wid] z society becomes m va/ & manifold1 z its ends1 functions1 & pursuits are dis5tangl$1 :ile !y multiply4 ,b 9 ,dante's "t1 & 9 an ,italian city1 x 0 n su* a /range ?+ t ! mo/ ref9$ & t5d] int]pret] ( feel+1 ! popul> poet1 ^: v]ses t\*$ all he>ts1 & 7 9 e m\?1 %\ld be also at once ! ard5t foll[] ( all ab/ruse & difficult le>n+1 & a prom95t "* among ^? :o adm9i/]$ ! ,/ate4 ,9 t n>r[ sph]e ( action1 9 t p]iod ( dawn+ p[]s & circumscrib$ k1 x seem$ no unreasonable hope or unwise ambition to attempt ! compass+ ( all sci5ce1 & to make x subs]ve & illu/rate ! praise ( active citiz5%ip4#bd ,dante1 l o!r lit]>y celebrities ( ! "t1 0 n less f ! cu/om ( ! day1 ?an f 8 own purpose1 a public man4 ,he took 8 place among 8 fell[-citiz5s2 he w5t out to w> ) !m2 he f\ght1 x is said1 among ! skirmi%]s at ! great ,guelf victory ( ,campald9o2 to qualify himself = (fice 9 ! democracy1 he enroll$ himself 9 "o ( ! ,guilds ( ! p1 & 0 matriculat$ 9 ! ,art ( ! ,apo!c>ies2 he s]v$ ! ,/ate z its ag5t abroad2 he w5t on important missions to ! cities & c\rts ( ,italy--accord+ to a ,flor5t9e tradition1 :i* enum]ates f\rte5 di/9ct embassies1 ev5 to ,hung>y & ,france4 ,9 ! memorable ye> ( ,jubilee1 #acjj1 he 0 "o ( ! ,priors ( ! ,republic4 ,!re is no %r9k+ f fell[%ip & co-op]ation & conflict ) ! ke5 or bold m5 ( ! m>ket-place & c\ncil-hall1 9 t m9d ( exquisite &1 z drawn by itself1 exagg]at$ s5sibility4 ,! do+s & *>act]s ( m51 ! work+s ( society1 ! =tunes ( ,italy1 7 wat*$ & ?\ght ( ) z deep an int]e/ z ! c\rses ( ! />s1 & read 9 ! real spectacle ( life ) z pr(\nd emotion z 9 ! miracul\s page ( ,virgil2 & no s*ol> ev] read ,virgil ) su* feel+--no a/ronom] ev] wat*$ ! />s ) m eag] inquisitiv5ess4 ,! :ole man op5s to ! _w ar\nd him2 all affections & p[]s1 s\l & s5se1 dilig5tly & ?\ghtfully direct$ & tra9$1 ) free & concurr5t & equal en]gy1 ) di/9ct yet h>moni\s purposes1 seek out _! respective & appropriate objects1 moral1 intellectual1 natural1 spiritual1 9 t admirable sc5e & h>d field :]e man is plac$ to lab\r & love1 to be ex]cis$1 prov$1 & judg$4 ,footnote #bd3 ,vide ! op5+ ( ! ,de ,mon>*ia4 ,9 a fresco 9 ! *apel ( ! old palace ( ! ,pode/#be at ,flor5ce is a portrait ( ,dante1 said to be by ! h& ( 8 contempor>y ,giotto4 ,x 0 discov]$ 9 #ahda "u ! :itewa%1 & a trac+ made by ,mr4 ,seym\r ,kirkup has be5 reproduc$ 9 fac-simile by ! ,arundel ,society4 ,! fresco 0 aft]w>ds re/or$ or repa9t$ ) no happy success4 ,he is repres5t$ z he might h be5 9 ! ye> ( ,campald9o 7#abhi74 ,! c\nt5ance is y\?ful yet manly1 m manly ?an x appe>s 9 ! engrav+s ( ! picture2 b x only sugge/s ! /rong deep features ( ! well-kn[n traditional face4 ,he is drawn ) mu* ( ! s(tness1 & melan*oly p5sive sweetness1 & ) some?+ also ( ! qua9t /iffness ( ! ,vita ,nuova--) 8 fl[] & 8 book4 ,) him is drawn 8 ma/]1 ,brunetto ,lat9i1#bf & ,corso ,donati4 ,we d n "k :at occasion l$ ,giotto ?us to associate him ) ! great ,b>on4 ,dante 01 inde$1 closely connect$ ) ! ,donati4 ,! dwell+ ( 8 family 0 ne> !irs1 9 ! ,qu>t] ( ,sc&al1 ! ,w>d ( ! ,porta ,s4 ,pi]o4 ,he m>ri$ a daught] ( _! h\se1 ,madonna ,gemma4 ,none ( 8 fri5ds are commemorat$ ) m affection ?an ! companion ( 8 light & wayw>d days1 rememb]$ n )\t a %ade ( anxi\s sadness1 yet ) love & hope1 ,corso's bro!r1 ,=ese4#bg ,no sweet] _s s+s & smiles 9 ! illum9$ sph]es ( ,p>adise1 ?an %e :om ,=ese rememb]s z on e>? "o1 ,*e tra bella e buona ,non s qual fosse pi--#bh & :o1 f ! dep? ( h] heav5ly joy1 tea*es ! poet t 9 ! l[e/ place among ! bless$ !re c be no envy#bi--! si/] ( ,=ese & ,corso1 ,picc>da4 ,! ,comm$ia1 ?\gh x speaks1 z if 9 prophecy1 ( ,corso's mis]able dea?1 avoids ! m5tion ( 8 "n4#cj ,its sil5ce is s rem>kable z to seem significant4 ,b ?\gh hi/ory does n gr\p toge!r ,corso & ,dante1 ! picture repres5ts ! tru?--_! =tunes 7 l9k$ toge!r4 ,!y 7 actors 9 ! same sc5e--at ?is di/ance ( "t two ( ! mo/ prom95t2 ?\gh a sc5e v diff]5t f t calm & grave assembly1 :i* ,giotto's placid p5cil has drawn on ! old *apel wall4 ,footnote #be3 ,! ,b>gello1 a prison 7#ahej72 a museum 7#ahgh74 ,v4 ,vas>i1 p4 #caa4 ,footnote #bf3 ,he di$ 9 #abid4 ,g4 ,vill4 viii4 #aj4 ,footnote #bg3 ,purgat4 c4 #bc4 ,footnote #bh3 ,ibid4 c4 #bd4 ,my si/]1 good & beautiful--:i* mo/ ,i "k n4--,,wright4 ,footnote #bi3 ,p>ad4 c4 #c4 ,footnote #cj3 ,purg4 c4 #bd1 #hb-hg4 ,! outl9es ( ?is "p ( ,dante's hi/ory are s well kn[n t x is n necess>y to dwell on !m2 & m ?an ! outl9es we "k n4 ,! family qu>rels came to a head1 issu$ 9 p>ties1 & ! p>ties took names2 !y borr[$ !m f two rival factions 9 a neighb\r+ t[n1 ,pi/oia1 ^: feud 0 import$ into ,flor5ce2 & ! ,guelfs became divid$ into ! ,black ,guelfs :o 7 l$ by ! ,donati1 & ! ,:ite ,guelfs :o sid$ ) ! ,c]*i4#ca ,x /ill pr(ess$ to be b a family feud1 conf9$ to ! great h\ses2 b !y 7 too p[]ful & ,flor5ce too small = x n to affect ! :ole ,republic4 ,! middle classes & ! artisans look$ on1 & = a "t n )\t satisfaction1 at ! /rife ( ! great m52 b x grew evid5t t "o p>ty mu/ cru% ! o!r1 & become dom9ant 9 ,flor5ce2 & ( ! two1 ! ,c]*i & _! ,:ite adh]5ts 7 less =midable to ! democracy ?an ! unscrupul\s & ov]be>+ ,donati1 ) _! milit>y r5[n & lordly ta/es2 pr\d n m]ely ( be+ nobles1 b ,guelf nobles2 always loyal *ampions1 once ! m>tyrs1 & n[ ! h]$it>y ass]tors1 ( ! great ,guelf cause4 ,! ,c]*i ) less "* & less zeal1 b ri*1 lib]al1 & %[y1 & ) m ( r\gh k9dness & vulg> good-nature = ! common p1 7 m popul> 9 ,guelf ,flor5ce ?an ! ,p>te ,guelfa2 &1 ( c\rse1 ! ,ghibell9es wi%$ !m well4 ,bo? ! contempor>y hi/orians ( ,flor5ce lead u to ?9k t !y might h be5 ! gov]nors & guides ( ! ,republic--if !y _h *os51 & _h kn[n h[2 & bo?1 ?\gh condemn+ ! two p>ties equally1 seem$ to h ?\ght t ?is w\ld h be5 ! be/ result = ! ,/ate4 ,b ! acc\nts ( bo?1 ?\gh !y are v diff]5t writ]s1 agree 9 _! scorn ( ! lead]s ( ! ,:ite ,guelfs4 ,!y 7 up/>ts1 purse-pr\d1 va91 & co>se-m9d$2 & !y d>$ to aspire to an ambition :i* !y 7 too dull & too c[>dly to pursue1 :5 ! game 0 9 _! h&s4 ,!y wi%$ to rule2 b :5 !y might1 !y 7 afraid4 ,! commons 7 on _! side1 ! mod]ate m51 ! p>ty ( law1 ! lov]s ( republican gov]nm5t1 & = ! mo/ "p ! magi/rates2 b !y %rank f _! =tune1 m f c[>dice ?an f goodness1 because !y exce$+ly fe>$ _! adv]s>ies4#cb ,boniface ,,viii4 _h no prepossessions 9 ,flor5ce1 except = en]gy & an op5 h&2 ! side :i* 0 mo/ popul> he w\ld h accept$ & back$2 b he w\ld n lose1 he said1 ! m5 = ! wom54 ,io non voglio p]d]e gli uom9i p] le femm9elle4#cc ,if ! ,black p>ty furni%$ types = ! gross] or fi]c] =ms ( wick$ness 9 ! poet's ,hell1 ! ,:ite p>ty surely 7 ! orig9als ( t picture ( /upid & c[>dly selfi%ness1 9 ! mis]able cr[d :o moan & are buffet$ 9 ! ve/ibule ( ! ,pit1 m+l$ ) ! angels :o d>$ nei!r to rebel nor be fai?ful1 b 7 = !mselves2 & :oev] x may be :o is s+l$ out 9 ! setta dei cattivi1 = deep] & special scorn--he1 ,*e fece p] vilt il gran rifiuto--#cd ! idea 0 d]iv$ f ! ,c]*i 9 ,flor5ce4 ,footnote #ca3 ,9 #acjj4 ,g4 ,villani1 viii4 #ch1 #ci4 ,footnote #cb3 ,d9o ,comp4 p4 #de4 ,footnote #cc3 ,ibid4 p4 #fb4 ,footnote #cd3 ,inf4 c4 #c1 #fj4 ,a ,fr5* pr9ce 0 s5t by ! ,pope to m$iate & make peace 9 ,flor5ce4 ,! ,black ,guelfs & ,corso ,donati came ) him4 ,! magi/rates 7 ov]aw$ & p]plex$4 ,! ,:ite p>ty 71 /ep by /ep1 amus$1 entrapp$1 l$ bl9dly into false plots1 entangl$ 9 ! elaborate subtleties1 & expos$ ) all ! ze/ & mock]y1 ( ,italian intrigue--f9ally *as$ out ( _! h\ses & f ! city1 condemn$ unhe>d1 outlaw$1 ru9$ 9 "n & prop]ty1 by ! ,pope's ,fr5* m$iator4 ,) !m fell _m citiz5s :o _h tri$ to hold ! balance betwe5 ! two p>ties3 = ! lead]s ( ! ,black ,guelfs 7 guilty ( no errors ( weakness4 ,9 two extant li/s ( ! proscrib$--condemn$ by default1 = corruption & v>i\s crimes1 especially = h9d]+ ! entrance into ,flor5ce ( ,*>les de ,valois1 to a heavy f9e & bani%m5t--!n1 two mon?s aft]1 = contumacy1 to be burn$ alive if he ev] fell into ! h&s ( ! ,republic--appe>s ! "n ( ,dante ,alighi]i2 & m ?an ?is1 conc]n+ ! hi/ory ( 8 expulsion1 we "k n4#ce ,footnote #ce3 ,pelli1 ,memorie p] s]vire alla vita di ,dante4 ,fir4 #ahbc1 pp4 #aje1 #ajf4 ,( 8 subsequ5t life1 hi/ory tells u little m ?an ! g5]al "*4 ,he act$ = a "t 9 conc]t ) ! expell$ p>ty1 :5 !y attempt$ to =ce _! way back to ,flor5ce2 he gave !m up at la/ 9 scorn & despair3 b he nev] return$ to ,flor5ce4 ,& he f\nd no new home = ! re/ ( 8 days4 ,n9ete5 ye>s1 f 8 exile to 8 dea?1 he 0 a w&]]4 ,! "* is /amp$ on 8 writ+s4 ,hi/ory1 tradition1 docum5ts1 all scanty or dim1 d b disclose him to u at diff]5t po9ts1 appe>+ "h & !re1 we are n told h[ or :y4 ,"o old record1 discov]$ by antiqu>ian indu/ry1 %[s him 9 a village *ur* ne> ,flor5ce1 plann+1 ) ! ,c]*i & ! ,:ite p>ty1 an attack on ! ,black ,guelfs4 ,9 ano!r1 he appe>s 9 ! ,val di ,magra1 mak+ peace betwe5 its small pot5tates3 9 ano!r1 z ! inhabitant ( a c]ta9 /reet 9 ,padua4 ,! traditions ( "s remote spots ab\t ,italy /ill connect 8 "n ) a ru9$ t[]1 a m\nta9 gl51 a cell 9 a conv5t4 ,9 ! recollections ( ! foll[+ g5]ation1 8 solemn & melan*oly =m m+l$ reluctantly1 & = a:ile1 9 ! brilliant c\rt ( ! ,scalig]s2 & sc>$ ! wom51 z a visitant ( ! o!r _w1 z he pass$ by _! doors 9 ! /reets ( ,v]ona4 ,rum\r br+s him to ! ,we/--) probability to ,p>is1 m d\btfully to ,ox=d4 ,b little c]ta9 c be made out ab\t ! places :]e he 0 an hon\r$ & admir$1 b x may be1 n always a welcome gue/1 till we f9d him %elt]$1 *]i%$1 & !n laid at la/ to re/1 by ! ,lords ( ,rav5na4 ,!re he /ill re/s1 9 a small1 solit>y *apel1 built1 n by a ,flor5t9e1 b a ,v5etian4 ,flor5ce1 t "m ( little love1 ask$ = 8 bones2 b rightly ask$ 9 va94#cf ,8 place ( repose is bett] 9 ^? remote & =sak5 /reets by ! %ore ( ! ,adrian ,sea1 h>d by ! la/ relics ( ! ,roman ,empire--! mausoleum ( ! *ildr5 ( ,!odosius1 & ! mosaics ( ,ju/9ian--?an among ! assembl$ dead ( ,s4 ,croce1 or amid ! magnific5ce ( ,s4 ,m>ia del ,fiore4#cg ,footnote #cf3 ,see ,dr4 ,b>l['s ,six? ,c5t5>y ,fe/ivals ( ,dante4 7#ahff47 ,footnote #cg3 ,^! notices h be5 c>efully collect$ by ,pelli1 :o seems to h left little to glean 7,memorie1 c4 ,ed4 #b;da1 #ahbc74 ,a few additions h be5 made by ,g]9i 7,mem4 ,/or4 della ,lunigiana71 & ,troya 7,veltro ,allegorico71 b !y are n ( mu* importance4 ,arrivab5e 7,secolo di ,dante7 has br\ght toge!r a mass ( illu/ration :i* is v useful1 & w\ld be m s1 if he 7 m c>eful1 & quot$ 8 au?orities4 ,balbo arranges ^! mat]ials ) s5se & good feel+2 ?\gh1 z a writ]1 he is bel[ 8 subject4 ,a few traits & anecdotes may be f\nd 9 ! noveli/s--z ,sac*etti4 ,! ,comm$ia1 at ! fir/ glance1 %[s ! traces ( its au?or's life4 ,x is ! "w ( a w&]]4 ,! v =m 9 :i* x is ca/ is t ( a j\rney1 difficult1 toilsome1 p]il\s1 & full ( *ange4 ,x is m ?an a work+ out ( t t\*+ phraseology ( ! middle ages1 9 :i* ! way 0 ! te*nical !ological expression = ?is mortal life2 & viator meant man 9 8 /ate ( trial1 z compreh5sor meant man made p]fect1 hav+ atta9$ to 8 heav5ly c\ntry4 ,x is m ?an m]ely ?is4 ,! writ]'s m9d is full ( ! recollections & def9ite images ( 8 v>i\s j\rneys4 ,! p]man5t sc5]y ( ! ,inf]no & ,purgatorio1 v v>i\sly & di/9ctly m>k$1 is t ( travel4 ,! desc5t d[n ! sides ( ! ,pit1 & ! asc5t ( ! ,sacr$ ,m\nta91 %[ "o famili> ) su* sc5es--"o :o _h climb$ pa9fully 9 p]il\s passes1 & gr[n dizzy on ! br9k ( n>r[ l$ges ov] sea or torr5t4 ,x is sc5]y f ! gorges ( ! ,alps & ,ap5n9es1 or ! t]races & precipices ( ! ,rivi]a4 ,local rem9isc5ces ab\nd3--! sev]$ rocks ( ! ,adige ,valley--! wat]fall ( ,s4 ,b5$etto--! crags ( ,pietra-pana & ,s4 ,leo1 :i* ov]look ! pla9s ( ,lucca & ,rav5na--! fair riv] t fl[s among ! popl>s betwe5 ,*iav]i & ,se/ri--! m>ble qu>ries ( ,c>r>a--! r\gh & des]t ways betwe5 ,l]ici & ,turbia1 & ^? t[]y cliffs1 go+ %e] into ! deep sea at ,noli1 :i* travell]s on ! ,corni*e road "s ?irty ye>s ago may yet rememb] ) fe>4 ,m\nta9 exp]i5ce furni%$ t picture ( ! travell] caught 9 an ,alp9e mi/ & gradually climb+ above x2 see+ ! vap\rs gr[ ?91 & ! sun's orb appe> fa9tly ?r\gh !m2 & issu+ at la/ into sun%9e on ! m\nta9 top1 :ile ! light ( sunset 0 lo/ already on ! %ores bel[3 ,ai raggi1 morti gi nei bassi lidi3--,purg4 #ag4 or t image ( ! cold dull %ad[ ov] ! torr5t1 b5ea? ! ,alp9e fir-- ,un'ombra smorta ,qual sotto foglie v]di e rami nigri ,sovra suoi fr$di rivi1 l',alpe porta3--,purg4 #cc4ch or ( ! l>ge sn[-flakes fall+ )\t w9d1 among ! m\nta9s-- d'un cad] l5to ,piovean di fuoco dilatate falde ,come di neve 9 ,alpe s5za v5to4--,inf]no1 #ad4ci ,footnote #ch3 ,a dea?-l %ade-- ,l t b5ea? black b\ghs & foliage gre5 ,o'er ! cool /reams 9 ,alp9e gl5s display'd4--,,wright4 ,footnote #ci3 ,o'er all ! s&y des]t fall+ sl[1 ,7 %[]'d dilat$ flakes ( fire1 l sn[ ,on ,alp9e summits1 :5 ! w9d is l[4--,,ibid4 ,he delights 9 a local "n & local image--! boil+ pit*1 & ! clang ( ! %ipwrights 9 ! ars5al ( ,v5ice--! sepul*ral fields ( ,arles & ,pola--! hot-spr+ ( ,vit]bo--! hood$ monks ( ,cologne--! dykes ( ,fl&]s & ,padua--! ,m>emma1 ) its r\gh bru%wood1 its wild bo>s1 its snakes1 & fev]s4 ,he _h li/5$ to ! s\? w9d among ! p9e tops1 9 ! =e/ by ! sea1 at ,rav5na4 ,he _h wat*$ "u ! ,c>is5da t[] at ,bologna1 & se5 ! driv+ cl\ds give away _! motion to x1 & make x seem to be fall+2 & _h notic$ h[ at ,rome ! ,octob] sun sets betwe5 ,corsica & ,s>d9ia4#dj ,8 images ( ! sea are num]\s & def9ite--! %ip back+ out ( ! ti] 9 h>b\r1 ! div] plung+ aft] ! f\l$ an*or1 ! ma/ ris+1 ! %ip go+ fa/ be=e ! w9d1 ! wat] clos+ 9 its wake1 ! ar*$ backs ( ! porpoises ! =]unn]s ( a gale1 ! admiral wat*+ ev]y?+ f poop to pr[1 ! o>s /opp+ altoge!r at ! s\nd ( ! :i/le1 ! swell+ sails becom+ slack :5 ! ma/ snaps & falls4#da ,n[h]e c\ld we f9d s _m ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic & /range s5sations ( ! travell] t\*$ ) su* tru?4 ,ev]yone kn[s ! l9es :i* speak ( ! voyag]'s s9k+ ( he>t on ! fir/ ev5+ at sea1 & ( ! long+s wak5$ 9 ! travell] at ! beg9n+ ( 8 j\rney by ! di/ant ev5+ bell#db2 ! travell]'s morn+ feel+s are n less delicately not$--! /rang5ess on fir/ wak+ 9 ! op5 air ) ! sun high2 morn+ ?\ghts1 z day by day he wakes ne>] home2 ! morn+ sight ( ! sea-bea* quiv]+ 9 ! e>ly light2 ! t>ry+ & l+]+1 be=e sett+ out 9 ! morn+#dc-- ,noi eravam lunghesso 'l m>e ancora1 ,come g5te *e p5sa al suo camm9o1 ,*e va col cuore1 e col corpo dimora4#dd ,footnote #dj3 ,inf4 #ca1 #ah4 ,footnote #da3 ,ibid4 #ag1 #af1 #ca2 ,purg4 #bd2 ,p>4 #b2 ,inf4 #bb2 ,purg4 #cj2 ,p>4 #be2 ,inf4 #g4 ,footnote #db3 ,purg4 #h4 ,era gi l'ora1 c4 ,footnote #dc3 ,purg4 #ai1 #bg1 #a1 #b4 ,footnote #dd3 ,by ocean's %ore we /ill prolong$ our /ay ,l m51 :o1 ?9k+ ( a j\rney ne>1 ,advance 9 ?\ght1 :ile yet _! limbs delay4--,,wright4 ,he has record$ equally ! anxiety1 ! curiosity1 ! suspicion ) :i*1 9 ^? times1 /rang] met & ey$ /rang] on ! road2 & a /ill m *>act]i/ic trait is to be f\nd 9 ^? l9es :]e he describes ! pilgrim gaz+ ar\nd 9 ! *ur* ( 8 v[1 & ?9k+ h[ he %all tell ( x3 ,e quasi p]egr9 *e si ricrea ,nel tempio del suo voto rigu>d&o1 ,e sp]a gi ridir com'ello /ea3--,p>ad4 #ca4de or aga91 9 t description1 s simple & t\*+1 ( 8 ?\ghts :ile wait+ to see ! relic = :i* he left 8 home3 ,quale colui *e =se di ,croazia ,vi5e a v$] la ,v]onica no/ra1 ,*e p] l'antica fama non si sazia1 ,ma dice nel p5si]1 f9 *e si mo/ra2 ,signor mio ,ges ,cri/o1 ,dio v]ace1 ,or fu s fatta la sembianza vo/ra8--,p>ad4 #ca4df ,footnote #de3 ,& l a pilgrim :o ) fond delight ,surveys ! temple he has v['d to see1 ,& hopes "o day its wond]s to recite4--,,ibid4 ,footnote #df3 ,l "o :o1 f ,croatia come to see ,our ,v]onica 7image long ador$71 ,gazes1 z ?\gh cont5t he ne'er c\ld be-- ,?us mus+1 :ile ! relic is p\rtray'd-- ,jesus my ,god1 my ,savi\r & my ,"l1 ,o 7 ?y features ^! ,i see display'd8--,,wright4 ,quella imag9e b5$etta la quale ,ges ,cri/o lasci a noi p] esempio della sua bellissima figura4--,vita ,nuova1 p4 #cec4 ,he speaks ( ! pilgrims go+ to ,rome to see x2 comp>e also ! sonnet to ! pilgrims1 p4 #cee3 ,deh p]egr9i1 *e p5sosi &ate ,=se di cosa1 *e non v' pres5te1 ,v5ite voi di s lontana g5te1 ,com'alla vi/a voi ne dimo/rate4 ,( ^! ye>s !n ( disappo9tm5t & exile ! ,div9a ,comm$ia 0 ! lab\r & fruit4 ,a /ory 9 ,boccaccio's life ( ,dante1 told ) "s detail1 implies inde$ t x 0 begun1 & "s progress made 9 x1 :ile ,dante 0 yet 9 ,flor5ce--begun 9 ,lat91 & he quotes ?ree l9es ( x--cont9u$ aft]w>ds 9 ,italian4 ,?is is n impossible2 inde$ ! g]m & presage ( x may be trac$ 9 ! ,vita ,nuova4 ,! idealis$ sa9t is !re1 9 all ! grace ( h] pure & noble humbl5ess1 ! guide & safegu>d ( ! poet's s\l4 ,%e is already 9 glory ) ,m>y ! que5 ( angels4 ,%e already beholds ! face ( ! ,ev]bless$4 ,& ! envoye ( ! ,vita ,nuova is ! promise ( ! ,comm$ia4 ,aft] ?is sonnet1 79 :i* he describes h[ beyond ! wide/ sph]e ( heav5 8 love _h beheld a lady receiv+ hon\r1 & dazzl+ by h] glory ! unaccu/om$ _s7--,aft] ?is sonnet !re appe>$ to me a m>vell\s vision1 9 :i* ,i saw ?+s :i* made me resolve n to speak m ( ?is bless$ "o1 until su* "t z ,i %\ld be able to indite m wor?ily ( h]4 ,& to atta9 to ?is1 ,i /udy to ! utmo/ ( my p[]1 z %e truly kn[s4 ,s t1 if x %all be ! pleasure ( ,him1 by :om all ?+s live1 t my life cont9ue = "s ye>s1 ,i hope to say ( h] t :i* nev] ha? be5 said ( any woman4 ,& aft]w>ds1 may x please ,him1 :o is ! ,"l ( k9dness1 t my s\l may g to behold ! glory ( h] lady1 t is1 ( t bless$ ,beatrice1 :o glori\sly gazes on ! c\nt5ance ( ,him1 qui e/ p] omnia secula b5$ictus4#dg ,x w\ld be wantonly violat+ probability & ! unity ( a great life1 to suppose t ?is purpose1 ?\gh trans=m$1 0 ev] =gott5 or laid aside4 ,! poet knew n inde$ :at he 0 promis+1 :at he 0 pl$g+ himself to--?r\gh :at ye>s ( toil & angui% he w\ld h to seek ! light & ! p[] he _h ask$2 9 :at =m 8 high v5ture %\ld be realis$4 ,b ! ,comm$ia is ! "w ( no light resolve1 & we ne$ n be surpris$ at f9d+ ! resolve & ! purpose at ! outset ( ! poet's life4 ,we may freely accept ! key suppli$ by ! words ( ! ,vita ,nuova4 ,! spell ( boyhood is nev] brok51 ?r\gh ! ups & d[ns ( life4 ,8 c\rse ( ?\ght advances1 alt]s1 deep5s1 b is cont9u\s4 ,f y\? to age1 f ! fir/ glimpse to ! p]fect "w1 ! same idea abides ) him1 ev5 f ! fl[] till ! grape 0 ripe4 ,x may assume v>i\s *anges--an image ( beauty1 a figure ( philosophy1 a voice f ! o!r _w1 a type ( heav5ly wisdom & joy--b /ill x holds1 9 self-impos$ & will+ ?raldom1 t creative & v]satile & t5aci\s _s4 ,x 0 ! dream & hope ( too deep & /rong a m9d to fade & come to naught--to be o!r ?an ! se$ ( ! a*ievem5t & cr[n ( life4 ,b ) all fai? 9 ! /> & ! fre$om ( g5ius1 we may d\bt :e!r ! prosp]\s citiz5 w\ld h done t :i* 0 done by ! man )\t a home4 ,beatrice's glory might h be5 sung 9 gr& ?\gh b>b>\s ,lat9 to ! lit]ati ( ! f\rte5? c5tury2 or a poem ( new beauty might h fix$ ! language & op5$ ! lit]ature ( mod]n ,italy2 b x c\ld h>dly h be5 ! ,comm$ia4 ,t belongs1 9 its date & its greatness1 to ! "t :5 sorr[ _h become ! poet's daily portion1 & ! condition ( 8 life4 ,footnote #dg3 ,vita ,nuova1 la/ p>agraph4 ,see ,purg4 #cj2 ,p>ad4 #cj1 #f1 #bh-cc4 ,! ,comm$ia is a novel & />tl+ app>ition 9 lit]ature4 ,probably x has be5 felt by "s1 :o h approa*$ x ) ! rev]5ce due to a "w ( su* r5[n1 t ! _w has be5 g5]\s 9 plac+ x s high4 ,x seems s abnormal1 s lawless1 s reckless ( all ord9>y proprieties & canons ( feel+1 ta/e1 & composition4 ,x is r\gh & abrupt2 obscure 9 phrase & allusion1 d\bly obscure 9 purpose4 ,x is a m$ley ( all subjects usually kept di/9ct3 sc&al ( ! day & transc5d5tal sci5ce1 politics & confessions1 co>se satire & angelic joy1 private wrongs1 ) ! my/]ies ( ! fai?1 local names & habitations ( e>?1 ) visions ( hell & heav54 ,x is h>d to keep up ) ! ev]-*ang+ curr5t ( feel+1 to pass z ! poet passes1 )\t ef=t or scruple1 f t5d]ness to ridicule1 f hope to bitt] scorn or qu]ul\s compla9t1 f high-rais$ devotion to ! calmness ( prosaic subtleties or grotesque detail4 ,ea* sep>ate elem5t & ve9 ( ?\ght has its prec$5t1 b n _! amalgamation4 ,_m _h writt5 visions ( ! unse5 _w1 b !y _h n bl5d$ ) !m _! p]sonal =tunes4 ,s4 ,augu/9e _h taught ! s\l to contemplate its own hi/ory1 & _h trac$ its progress f d>kness to light2#dh b he _h n int]wov5 ) x ! hi/ory ( ,italy1 & ! consummation ( all e>?ly de/9ies4 ,satire 0 no new ?+2 ,juv5al _h giv5 x a moral1 "s ( ! ,prov5al poets a political turn2 ,s4 ,j]ome _h k9dl$ into x fi]cely & bitt]ly ev5 :ile exp\nd+ ! ,prophets2 b "h x /reams =? 9 all its viol5ce1 )9 ! prec9cts ( ! et]nal _w1 & alt]nates ) ! hymns ( ! bless$4 ,lucretius _h drawn =? ! poetry ( nature & its laws2 ,virgil & ,livy _h unfold$ ! poetry ( ! ,roman empire2 ,s4 ,augu/9e1 ! /ill gr&] poetry ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,city ( ,god2 b none _h yet v5tur$ to weave into "o ! ?ree wond]ful ?reads4 ,& yet ! scope ( ! ,italian poet1 va/ & compreh5sive z ! issue ( all ?+s1 univ]sal z ! gov]nm5t :i* directs nature & intellig5ce1 =bids him n to /oop to ! l[e/ caitiff he has ev] despis$1 ! m9ute/ fact 9 nature t has ev] /ruck 8 eye1 ! m]e/ p]sonal association :i* hangs pleasantly 9 8 memory4 ,writ+ = all "t1 he scruples n to mix ) all t is augu/ & p]man5t 9 hi/ory & prophecy1 incid5ts ! mo/ transi5t1 & names ! mo/ obscure2 to wa/e an immortality ( %ame or praise on ^? ab\t :om 8 own g5]ation 7 to inquire 9 va94 ,scripture hi/ory runs into pr(ane2 ,pagan leg5ds tea* _! lesson side by side ) ,scripture sc5es & miracles2 h]oes & poets ( hea!nism1 sep>at$ f _! old classic _w1 h _! place 9 ! _w ( fai?1 disc\rse ) ,*ri/ians ( ,*ri/ian dogmas1 & ev5 m+le ) ! ,sa9ts2 ,virgil guides ! poet ?r\gh 8 fe> & 8 p5it5ce to ! gates ( ,p>adise4 ,footnote #dh3 ,see ,convito1 #a1 #b4 ,?is feel+ ( h>% & extravagant incongruity1 ( causeless & unp>donable d>kness1 is p]haps ! fir/ impression ( _m read]s ( ! ,comm$ia4 ,b probably z !y read on1 !re w m+le ) ?is a s5se ( /range & unusual gr&eur1 aris+ n alone f ! h>dihood ( ! attempt1 & ! my/]y ( ! subject1 b f ! p[] & ! "* ( ! poet4 ,x w /rike !m t words cut deep] ?an is _! wont2 t f t wild uncong5ial imag]y1 ?\ghts em]ge ( s+ul> tru? & beauty4 ,_! dissatisfaction w be *equ]$1 ev5 di/urb$--= we c (t5 br+ ourselves to sacrifice mu* = ! sake ( a cle> & consi/5t view--by ! appe>ance1 amid mu* t repels !m1 ( pro(s und5iable & accumulat+ ( g5ius z mighty z x is /range4 ,_! p]plexity & disappo9tm5t may gr[ into di/9ct condemnation1 or x may pass into admiration & delight2 b no "o has ev] come to ! end ( ! ,comm$ia )\t feel+ t if x has giv5 him a new view & specim5 ( ! wildness & unacc\ntable wayw>dness ( ! human m9d1 x has also add$1 z few o!r books h1 to 8 k ( its feel+s1 its capabilities1 & its grasp1 & sugge/$ l>g] & m s]i\s ?\ghts1 = :i* he may be grateful1 conc]n+ t unse5 _w ( :i* he is ev5 "h a memb]4 ,dante w\ld n h ?ank$ 8 admir]s = becom+ apologi/s4 ,^? 9 :om ! s5se ( imp]fection & /rang5ess ov]p[]s sympa?y = gr&eur1 & en?usiasm = nobl5ess1 & joy 9 beauty1 he c]ta9ly w\ld h left to !mselves4 ,b nei!r w\ld he tea* any t he 0 lead+ !m along a smoo? & easy road4 ,! ,comm$ia w always be a h>d & try+ book2 nor did ! writ] mu* c>e t x %\ld be o!rwise4 ,mu* ( ?is is no d\bt to be set d[n to its age2 mu* ( its r\ghness & extravagance1 z well z ( its beauty--its allegorical _s1 its frame & sc5]y4 ,! idea ( a vision>y voyage ?r\gh ! worlds ( pa9 & bliss is no inv5tion ( ! poet--x 0 "o ( ! commone/ & mo/ famili> m$ieval vehicles ( c5sure or w>n+2 & ^? :o love to trace ! gr[? & (t5 /range =tunes ( popul> ideas1 or ^: ta/e leads !m to disbelieve 9 g5ius1 & track ! p>5tage ( great inv5tions to ! fooli% & obscure1 may f9d abundant mat]ials 9 ! lit]ature ( leg5ds4#di ,b 8 own age--! age :i* receiv$ ! ,comm$ia ) m+l$ en?usiasm & wond]1 & call$ x ! ,div9e1 0 z mu* p]plex$ z we are1 ?\gh probably r pleas$ !reby ?an (f5d$4 ,t )9 a c5tury aft] its composition1 9 ! m fam\s cities & univ]sities ( ,italy1 ,flor5ce1 ,v5ice1 ,bologna1 & ,pisa1 *airs %\ld h be5 f\nd$1 & illu/ri\s m5 engag$ to lecture on x1 is a /range homage to its p[]1 ev5 9 t "t ( quick feel+2 b z /range & great a pro( ( its obscurity4 ,:at is d>k & =bidd+ 9 x 0 sc>cely m cle> to ! poet's contempor>ies4 ,& he1 ^: la/ object 0 amusem5t1 invites no audi5ce b a pati5t & confid+ "o4 ,o voi *e siete 9 piccioletta b>ca1 ,desid]osi di ascolt>1 seguiti ,dietro al mio legno *e cant&o v>ca1 ,tornate a riv$] li vo/ri liti3 ,non vi mettete 9 pelago1 * =se ,p]d5do me rim>re/e sm>riti4 ,l'acqua *'io pr5do giammai non si corse3 ,m9]va spira1 e conducemi ,apollo1 ,e nuove muse mi dimo/ran l',orse4 ,voi altri po*i1 *e drizza/e 'l collo ,p] tempo al pan degli angeli1 del quale ,vivesi qui1 ma non si vi5 satollo1 ,mett] potete b5 p] l'alto sale ,vo/ro navigio1 s]v&o mio solco ,d9anzi all'acqua *e ritorna eguale4 ,que gloriosi *e pass>o a ,colco1 ,non s'ammir>on1 come voi f>ete1 ,qu&o ,jason vid] fatto bifolco4--,p>ad4 #b4ej ,footnote #di3 ,vide ,ozanam1 ,dante1 pp4 #ece1 sqq4 ,ed4 ,footnote #ej3 ,o ye :o fa9 w\ld li/5 to my song1 ,foll[+ 9 little b>k full eag]ly ,my v5tur\s %ip1 t *ant+ hies along1 ,turn back unto y\r native %ores aga92 ,tempt n ! deep1 le/ haply los+ me1 ,9 unkn[n pa?s bewild]$ ye rema94 ,i am ! fir/ ?is voyage to essay2 ,m9]va brea!s--,apollo is my guide2 ,& new-born muses d ! ,be>s display4 ,ye o!r few1 :o h look'd up on high ,= angels' food betimes1 e'en "h suppli$ ,l>gely1 b n en\gh to satisfy1-- ,mid ! deep ocean ye y\r c\rse may take1 ,my track pursu+ ! pure wat]s ?r\gh1 ,ere reunites ! quickly-clos+ wake4 ,^? glori\s ones1 :o drove ( yore _! pr[ ,to ,col*os1 wond]'d n z ye w d1 ,:5 !y saw ,jason work+ at ! pl\gh4 ,,wright',s ,dante4 ,! "* ( ! ,comm$ia belongs mu* m1 9 its excell5ce & its imp]fections1 to ! poet himself & ! nature ( 8 "w1 ?an to 8 age4 ,t _c scre5 8 faults2 nor c x arrogate to itself1 x mu/ be cont5t to %>e1 8 glory4 ,8 lead+ idea & l9e ( ?\ght 0 mu* m novel !n ?an x is n[1 & belongs mu* m to ! mod]n ?an ! m$ieval _w4 ,! ,/ory ( a ,life1 ! poetry ( man's j\rney ?r\gh ! wild]ness to 8 true c\ntry1 is n[ 9 v>i\s & v diff]5t %apes z hackney$ a =m ( imag9ation1 z an allegory1 an epic1 a leg5d ( *ivalry 7 9 =m] times4 ,n1 ( c\rse1 t any "t has be5 )\t its poetical feel+s & ideas on ! subject2 & nev] 7 !y deep] & m div]sifi$1 m t\*+ & solemn1 ?an 9 ! ages t pass$ f ,s4 ,augu/9e & ,s4 ,gregory to ,s4 ,?omas & ,s4 ,bonav5tura4 ,b a philosophical poem1 :]e !y 7 n m]ely ! col\r+1 b ! subject1 an epos ( ! s\l1 plac$ = its trial 9 a fe>ful & wond]ful _w1 ) relations to "t & matt]1 hi/ory & nature1 good & evil1 ! beautiful1 ! intelligible1 & ! my/]i\s1 s9 & grace1 ! inf9ite & ! et]nal--& hav+ 9 ! company & "u ! influ5ces ( o!r intellig5ces1 to make its *oice1 to /ruggle1 to succe$ or fail1 to ga9 ! light1 or be lo/--?is 0 a new & unattempt$ !me4 ,x has be5 (t5 tri$ s9ce1 9 fai? or d\bt1 9 egotism1 9 sorr[1 9 murmur+1 9 affectation1 sometimes 9 joy--9 v>i\s =ms1 9 prose & v]se1 complet$ or fragm5t>y1 9 reality or fiction1 9 ! direct or ! %ad[$ /ory1 9 ! ,pilgrim's ,progress1 9 ,r\sseau's ,confessions1 9 ,wilhelm ,mei/] & ,fau/1 9 ! ,excursion4 ,x is common en\gh n[ = ! poet1 9 ! fai? ( human sympa?y1 & 9 ! s5se ( ! unexhau/$ va/ness ( 8 my/]i\s subject1 to believe t 8 fell[s w n see )\t int]e/ & pr(it1 glimpses ( 8 own pa? & =tunes--he> f 8 lips ! disclosure ( 8 *ief delights1 8 w>n+s1 8 fe>s--foll[ ! _m-col\r$ *anges1 ! impressions & work+s1 ( a "*1 at once ! contra/ & ! c\nt]p>t to _! own4 ,b x 0 a new pa? !n2 & he ne$$ to be1 & 01 a bold man1 :o fir/ op5$ x--a pa? nev] trod )\t p]il1 usually ) loss or failure4 ,& c]ta9ly no great man ev] made less secret to himself ( 8 own g5ius4 ,he is at no pa9s to re9 9 or to dissemble 8 consci\sness ( p[]1 :i* he has measur$ )\t p>tiality1 & feels sure w n fail him4 ,fid&omi di me pi *e di un altro#ea--;is a reason :i* he assigns )\t res]ve4 ,we look ) ! di/ru/ & hesitation ( mod]n days1 yet1 9 spite ( ourselves1 n )\t admiration & regret1 at su* frank h>dihood4 ,x 0 m common once ?an n[4 ,:5 ! _w 0 "y1 x 0 m natural & all[able--x 0 (t5 seemly & noble4 ,m5 knew n _! difficulties z we "k !m--we1 to :om "t1 :i* has taught s mu* wisdom1 has br\ght s _m disappo9tm5ts--we :o h se5 h[ (t5 ! p[]ful h fall5 %ort1 & ! noble gone a/ray1 & ! mo/ admirable miss$ _! p]fection4 ,x is becom+ 9 u to di/ru/ ourselves--to be %y if we _c be mode/2 x is b a respectful tribute to human weakness & our bre?r5's failures4 ,b !re 0 a "t :5 great m5 d>$ to claim _! greatness--n 9 fooli% self-complac5cy1 b 9 unemb>rass$ & maje/ic simplicity1 9 magnanimity & tru?1 9 ! consci\sness ( a s]i\s & noble purpose1 & ( /r5g? to fulfil x4 ,)\t passion1 )\t elation z )\t %r9k+1 ! poet surveys 8 sup]iority & 8 high position1 z some?+ ext]nal to him2 he has no d\bts ab\t x1 & affects none4 ,he w\ld be a c[>d1 if he %ut 8 eyes to :at he c\ld d2 z mu* a trifl] 9 display+ res]ve z o/5tation4 ,no?+ is m /rik+ 9 ! ,comm$ia ?an ! s]5e & unhesitat+ confid5ce ) :i* he ann\nces himself ! heir & reviv] ( ! poetic p[] s long lo/ to ! _w--! heir & reviv] ( x 9 all its fulness4 ,he d\bts n ( ! judgm5t ( po/]ity4 ,"o has aris5 :o %all ?r[ into ! %ade all mod]n reputations1 :o %all bequea? to ,*ri/5dom ! glory ( t "n ( ,poet1 *e pi dura e pi onora1 hi!rto ! exclusive boa/ ( hea!nism1 & claim ! r>e hon\rs ( ! laurel3 ,s rade volte1 padre1 se ne coglie ,p] trionf>e o ,ces>e o poeta1 7,colpa e v]gogna dell'umane voglie71 ,*e p>torir letizia 9 su la lieta ,delfica deit dovra la fronda ,p5eia qu&o alcun di s asseta4--,p>ad4 #a4eb ,footnote #ea3 ,convito1 #a1 #aj4 ,footnote #eb3 ,= n[ s r>ely ,poet ga!rs ^!1 ,or ,cs>1 w9n+ an immortal praise 7,%ame unto man's degrad$ en]gies71 ,t joy %\ld to ! ,delphic ,god arise ,:5 haply any "o aspires to ga9 ,! high rew>d ( ! ,p5eian prize4--,,wright4 ,he has b to foll[ 8 /> to be sure ( ! glori\s port3#ec he is ! ma/] ( language3 he c give fame to ! dead--no task or ent]prise appals him1 = :om spirits keep wat* 9 heav51 & angels h visit$ ! %ades--tal si "p dal cant> alleluia3--:o is ,virgil's fo/] *ild & famili> fri5d4 ,virgil bids him lay aside ! la/ ve/ige ( fe>4 ,virgil is to cr[n him k+ & prie/ ov] himself1#ed = a high] v5ture ?an hea!n poetry _h d>$2 9 ,virgil's company he takes 8 place )\t diffid5ce1 & )\t va9-glory1 among ! great poets ( old--a si/] s\l4#ee ,footnote #ec3 ,brunetto ,lat9i's ,prophecy1 ,inf4 #ae4 ,footnote #ed3 ,see ! gr& end+ ( ,purg4 #bg4 ,tratto t'ho qui con +egno e con arte2 ,lo tuo piac]e omai pr5di p] duce3 ,fuor se' dell'erte vie1 fuor se' dell'arte4 ,v$i il sole *e 'n fronte ti riluce4 ,v$e l'erbetta1 i fiori1 e gli arboscelli ,*e que/a t]ra sol da s produce4 ,m5tre *e vegnon lieti gli oc*i belli ,*e lagrim&o a te v5ir mi f5no1 ,s$] ti puoi e puoi &> tra elli4 ,non aspett> mio dir pi n mio c5no2 ,lib]o1 dritto1 sano tuo arbitrio1 ,e fallo =a non f>e a suo s5no3 ,p]*'io te sopra te corono e mitrio4 ,footnote #ee3 ,purg4 c4 #ba4 ,poi* la voce fu re/ata e queta1 ,vidi quattro gr&'ombre a noi v5ire3 ,sembianza avean n tri/a n lieta3 99 99 99 99 ,cos vidi adun> la bella scuola ,di quel signor dell'altissimo canto ,*e sovra gli altri come aquila vola4 ,da *'ebb] ragionato insieme alquanto ,vols]si a me con salutevol c5no ,e 'l mio mae/ro sorrise di tanto4 ,e pi d'onore ancora assai mi f5no3 ,*'essi mi fec] della loro s*i]a1 ,s *'io fui se/o tra cotanto s5no4--,inf4 #d4ef ,footnote #ef3 ,ceas$ _h ! voice--:5 9 compos$ array ,f\r mighty %ades approa*+ ,i survey'd2-- ,nor joy1 nor sorr[ did _! looks betray4 99 99 99 99 ,assembl$ ?us1 0 (f]$ to my sight ,! s*ool ( him1 ! ,pr9ce ( poetry1 ,:o1 eagle-l1 o'er o!rs takes 8 flight4 ,:5 !y toge!r _h conv]s$ a:ile1 ,!y turn$ to me ) salutation bl&1 ,:i* f my ma/] drew a fri5dly smile3 ,& great] glory /ill !y bade me %>e1 ,mak+ me jo9 _! hon\rable b&-- ,! six? unit$ to su* g5ius r>e4--,,wright4 ,?is su/a9$ magnanimity & l(ty self-reliance1 :i* nev] betrays itself1 is "o ( ! ma9 elem5ts 9 ! gr&eur ( ! ,comm$ia4 ,x is an impos+ spectacle to see su* fe>lessness1 su* fre$om1 & su* success 9 an untri$ pa?1 amid unprep>$ mat]ials & rude in/rum5ts1 models scanty & only half und]/ood1 p[]s ( language /ill d\btful & suspect$1 ! deepe/ & /ronge/ ?\ght /ill conf9$ to unb5d+ =ms & ! h>%e/ phrase2 exact & ext5sive k1 z yet f> out ( rea*2 ) no help f "t1 :i* famili>ises all ?+s1 & ( :i*1 mann]1 elaboration1 judgm5t1 & ta/e are ! gifts & inh]itance2--to see ! poet1 tru/+ to 8 eye :i* saw ev]y?+#eg & 8 se>*+ & creative _s1 v5ture undaunt$ly into all regions ( ?\ght & feel+1 to draw !nce a picture ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! univ]se4 ,footnote #eg3 ,dante *e tutto v$ea4--,sac*etti1 ,nov4 #aad4 ,b su* greatness _h to endure its price & its c\nt]poise4 ,dante 0 alone3--except 9 8 vision>y _w1 solit>y & companionless4 ,! bl9d ,greek _h 8 ?rong ( li/5]s2 ! bl9d ,engli%man 8 home & ! voices ( 8 daught]s2 ,%aksp]e _h 8 free associates ( ! /age2 ,goe!1 8 correspond5ts1 a c\rt1 & all ,g]many to applaud4 ,n s ,dante4 ,! fri5ds ( 8 y\? are already 9 ! region ( spirits1 & meet him !re--,casella1 ,=ese2--,guido ,cavalcanti w soon be ) !m4 ,9 ?is upp] _w he ?9ks & writes z a fri5dless man--to :om all t he _h held de>e/ 0 ei!r lo/ or embitt]$2 he ?9ks & writes = himself4 ,& s he is 8 own law2 he owns no tribunal ( op9ion or /&>d ( ta/e1 except among ! great dead4 ,he he>s !m exhort him to let ! _w talk on--to /& l a t[] un%ak5 by ! w9ds4#eh ,he fe>s to be a timid fri5d to tru?1 --to lose life among ^? :o %all call ?is pres5t "t antiquity4#ei ,he belongs to no p>ty4 ,he is 8 own arbit] ( ! beautiful & ! becom+2 8 own judge ov] "r & inju/ice1 innoc5ce & guilt4 ,he has no foll[]s to secure1 no s*ool to hum\r1 no public to satisfy2 no?+ to guide him1 & no?+ to consult1 no?+ to b9d him1 no?+ to fe>1 out ( himself4 ,9 full tru/ 9 he>t & w1 9 8 s5se ( tru?1 9 8 teem+ bra91 he gives himself free c\rse4 ,if m5 h idolis$ ! wor?less1 & canonis$ ! base1 he rev]ses _! aw>d )\t m]cy1 & )\t apology2 if !y h =gott5 ! j because he 0 obscure1 he rememb]s him3 if ,monna ,b]ta & ,s] ,m>t9o1#fj ! wimpl$ & hood$ gossips ( ! day1 ) _! sage company1 h settl$ x to _! own satisfaction t ,provid5ce _c sw]ve f _! g5]al rules1 _c save :]e !y h doom$1 or reject :]e !y h approv$--he bo? fe>s m & hopes m4 ,deeply rev]5t to ! judgm5t ( ! ages pa/1 rev]5t to ! p]sons :om !y h immortalis$ = good & ev5 = evil1 9 8 own day he c>es = no man's p]son & no man's judgm5t4 ,& he %r9ks n f ! auguries & =eca/+s ( 8 m9d ab\t _! c>e] & fate4 ,m5 reason$ rapidly 9 ^? days on su* subjects1 & )\t mu* scruple2 b n ) su* delib]ate & discrim9at+ /]nness4 ,! mo/ popul> & hon\r$ names 9 ,flor5ce1 ,f>9ata e 'l ,tegghiaio1 *e fur s degni1 ,jacopo ,ru/icucci1 ,arrigo1 e 'l ,mosca ,e gli altri1 *'a b5 f> pos] gl'+egni2 h yet ! damn+ br&3 no read] ( ! ,inf]no c h =gott5 ! %ock ( t t]rible reply to ! poet's que/ion+s ab\t _! fate3 ,ei son tra le anime pi n]e4#fa ,footnote #eh3 ,purg4 #e4 ,footnote #ei3 ,la luce 9 *e rideva il mio tesoro ,*'io trovai l1 si fe' prima corrusca1 ,quale a raggio di sole spec*io d'oro2 ,indi rispose3 cosci5za fusca ,o della propria o dell'altrui v]gogna ,pur s5tir la tua p>ola brusca2 ,ma nondim51 rimossa ogni m5zogna1 ,tutta tua vision fa manife/a1 ,e lascia pur gratt> dov' la rogna3 ,*e se la voce tua s> mole/a ,nel primo gu/o1 vital nutrim5to ,lasc] poi qu&o s> dige/a4 ,que/o tuo grido f> come v5to ,*e le pi alte cime pi p]cuote3 ,e ci non fia d'onor poco argom5to4 ,p] ti son mo/rate1 9 que/e ruote1 ,nel monte1 e nella valle dolorosa1 ,pur l'anime *e son di fama note4 ,*e l'animo di quel *'ode non posa1 ,n f]ma f$e1 p] esemplo *'aja ,la sua radice incognito e nascosa1 ,n p] altro argum5to *e non paja4--,p>ad4 #ag4 ,footnote #fj3 ,non cr$a ,monna ,b]ta e ,s] ,m>t9o ,p] v$]e un fur>e1 altro (f]]e1 ,v$]li d5tro al consiglio div9o3 ,* quel pu surg]1 e quel pu cad]e4--,ibid4 #ac4 ,footnote #fa3 ,inf4 #f4 ,if he is p>tial1 x is no vulg> p>tiality3 fri5d%ip & old affection d n v5ture to exempt f its fatal doom ! s9 ( 8 fam\s ma/]1 ,brunetto ,lat9i2#fb nobl5ess & great de$s1 a k9dr$ "* & common wrongs1 are n en\gh to r$eem ,f>9ata2 & he :o c\ld tell h] /ory b[$ to ! et]nal law1 & d>$ n save ,francesca4 ,if he condemns by a sev]] rule ?an t ( ! _w1 he absolves ) full] fai? 9 ! possibilities ( grace4 ,_m names ( :om hi/ory has record$ no good1 are m>k$ by him = bliss2 yet n )\t full respect = ju/ice4 ,! p5it5t ( ! la/ h\r is sav$1 b he suff]s loss4 ,manfr$'s s\l is rescu$2 m]cy _h accept$ 8 te>s1 & =giv5 8 great s9s2 & ! excommunication ( 8 enemy did n b> 8 salvation3 ,p] lor maladizion s non si p]de ,*e non possa torn> l'et]no amore ,m5tre *e la sp]anza ha fior del v]de4--,purg4 #c4 ,footnote #fb3 ,*e 9 la m5te m' fitta1 ed or m'accuora1 ,la c>a buona imag9e pat]na4--,inf4 #ae4 ,yet 8 s91 ?\gh p>don$1 0 to keep him = long ye>s f ! p]fection ( heav54#fc ,& ) ! same indep5d5ce ) :i* he assigns _! fate1 he selects 8 in/ances--in/ances :i* are to be ! types ( "* & its issues4 ,no man ev] own$ m unres]v$ly ! fasc9ation ( greatness1 its sway ov] ! imag9ation & ! he>t2 no "o priz$ m ! gr& h>mony & s5se ( fitness :i* !re is1 :5 ! great man & ! great (fice are jo9$ 9 "o1 & reflect ea* o!r's greatness4 ,! fam\s & great ( all ages are ga!r$ 9 ! poet's vision2 ! great names ev5 ( fable--,g]yon & ! giants1 ! ,m9otaur & ,c5taurs1 & ! h]oes ( ,!bes & ,troy4 ,b n ! great & fam\s only3 ?is is too n>r[1 too conv5tional a sph]e2 x is n real en\gh4 ,he felt1 :at ! mod]n _w feels s ke5ly1 t wond]ful hi/ories are lat5t 9 ! inconspicu\s pa?s ( life1 9 ! fugitive incid5ts ( ! h\r1 among ! p]sons ^: faces we h se54 ,! ,*ur* _h f ! fir/ be5 witness to ! deep int]e/ ( individual life4 ,! ris+ ta/e = novels %[$ t society at l>ge 0 beg9n+ to be alive to x4 ,& x is ?is feel+--t beh9d ! veil !re may be grades ( greatness b no?+ insignificant--t l$ ,dante to refuse to re/rict himself to ! *>act]s ( fame4 ,he w associate ) !m ! liv+ m5 :o h /ood r\nd him2 !y are "p ( ! same company ) ! greate/4 ,t !y h int]e/$ him1 t\*$ him1 mov$ 8 indignation or pity1 /ruck him z examples ( great vicissitude or ( a p]fect life1 h pleas$ him1 lov$ him--?is is en\gh :y !y %\ld live 9 8 poem z !y h liv$ to him4 ,he *ooses at w2 hi/ory1 if x has be5 neglig5t at ! "t ab\t ^? :om he ?\ght wor?y ( r5[n1 mu/ be cont5t ) its loss4 ,he tells _! /ory1 or t\*es !m ) a ^w l ! mo/ famili> names1 accord+ z he pleases4 ,! obscure highway robb]1 ! obscure betray] ( 8 si/]'s hon\r--,r9i] da ,corneto & ,r9i] ,pazzo1 & ,caccianimico--are rank$1 n accord+ to _! obscurity1 b accord+ to ! greatness ( _! crimes1 ) ! fam\s conqu]ors1 & sc\rges ( ,god1 & s$uc]s ( ! h]oic age1 ,pyrrhus & ,attila1 & ! great ,jason ( royal port1 :o %$s no te> 9 8 torm5ts4#fd ,he e>ns z high praise f ,virgil1 = 8 curse on ! furi\s wra? ( ! old frantic ,flor5t9e burgh]1 z if he _h curs$ ! di/urb] ( ! _w's peace4#fe ,& s 9 ! realms ( joy1 among ! fai?ful accompli%]s ( ! highe/ tru/s1 k+s & tea*]s ( ! nations1 f\nd]s ( ord]s1 sa9t$ empresses1 appe> ^? :om1 ?\gh ! _w _h =gott5 or misread !m1 ! poet _h en%r9$ 9 8 famili> ?\ghts1 = _! sweetness1 _! g5tle goodness1 _! nobility ( s\l2 ! p5it5t1 ! nun1 ! old crusad+ ance/or1 ! pilgrim :o _h des]t$ ! greatness :i* he _h creat$1 ! brave logician1 :o syllogis$ unpalatable tru?s 9 ! ,qu>ti] ,lat9 ( ,p>is4#ff ,footnote #fc3 ,*>les ( ,anj\1 8 ,guelf conqu]or1 is plac$ above him1 9 ! valley ( ! k+s 7,purg4 #g71 ,colui dal mas*io naso--not)/&+ ! *>ges aft]w>ds made aga9/ him 7,purg4 #bj74 ,footnote #fd3 ,see ! magnific5t picture1 ,inf4 #ah4 ,footnote #fe3 ,ibid4 #h4 ,footnote #ff3 ,cunizza1 ,picc>da1 ,cacciaguida1 ,romo4 7,p>ad4 #i1 #c1 #ae1 #f1 #aj47 ----,la luce et]na di ,sigi]i ,*e legg5do nel vico degli ,/rami ,sillogizz invidiosi v]i---- 9 company ) ,s4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 9 ! sph]e ( ! ,sun4 ,ozanam gives a few p>ticul>s ( ?is =gott5 pr(essor ( ! ,rue du ,f\>re1 pp4 #cbj-bc4 ,!re is small resemblance 9 all ?is--?is arbitr>y & imp]i\s tone1 ?is range ( ideas1 feel+s1 & images1 ?is un%ackl$ fre$om1 ?is h>% reality--to ! dreamy g5tl5ess ( ! ,vita ,nuova1 or ev5 ! /aid argum5tation ( ! m mature ,convito4 ,! ,vita ,nuova is all self-conc5tration--a brood+1 n unpleas$1 ov] ! v>y+ tides ( feel+1 :i* are little influ5c$ by ! _w )\t2 :]e e fancy1 e s5sation1 e sup]/ition ( ! lov] is detail$ ) ! mo/ :imsical subtlety4 ,! ,comm$ia1 too1 has its t5d]ness--& t m deep1 m natural1 m true1 ?an ! poet _h be=e adapt$ to ! tradition>y =mul ( ! ,c\rts ( ,love1--! eyes ( ,beatrice are z bright1 & ! conqu]+ light ( h] smile2#fg !y /ill culm9ate1 b !y are n alone1 9 ! poet's heav54 ,& ! pr(ess$ subject ( ! ,comm$ia is /ill ,dante's own /ory & life2 he /ill makes himself ! c5tral po9t4 ,& /eel$ z he is by t high & h>d exp]i5ce ( :i* 8 poem is ! projection & type--,b5 tetragono ai colpi di v5tura--a /]n & brief-spok5 man1 set on objects1 & occupi$ ) a !me1 l(ty & va/ z c occupy man's ?\ghts1 he /ill lets escape ev] & anon "s pass+ av[al ( delicate s5sitiv5ess1#fh l+]s = a mom5t on "s indulg$ self-consci\sness1 "s recollection ( 8 once quick & *angeful mood--io *e son trasmutabil p] tutte guise#fi--or half playfully alludes to ! :isp]$ "n ( a lady1#gj ^: pleasant c\rtesy has beguil$ a few days ( exile4 ,b he is no long] spell-b\nd & entangl$ 9 fancies ( 8 own weav+--absorb$ 9 ! unpr(itable contemplation ( 8 own int]nal s5sations4 ,! man is inde$ ! same1 /ill a ,flor5t9e1 /ill metaphysical1 /ill a lov]4 ,he returns to ! haunts & images ( y\?1 to take among !m 8 poet's cr[n2 b ) o!r voice & o!r g>b1#ga a p5it5t & a prophet--) l>g] ?\ghts1 wid] sympa?ies1 fre] utt]ance2 /]n] & fi]c]1 yet nobl] & m g5u9e 9 8 t5d]ness--z "o :om trial has made s]i\s1 & ke51 & intol]ant ( evil1 b n sceptical or call\s2 yet ) ! impressions & memories ( a v diff]5t sc5e f 8 old day-dreams4 ,footnote #fg3 ,v9c5do me col lume d'un sorriso4--,p>ad4 #ah4 ,footnote #fh3 ,= in/ance1 8 feel+ ( di/ress at gaz+ at ! bl9d1 :o 7 n aw>e ( 8 pres5ce-- ,a me p>eva &&o f>e oltraggio ,v$5do altrui1 non ess5do v$uto3--,purg4 #ac4 & ( %ame1 at be+ tempt$ to li/5 to a qu>rel betwe5 two lo/ spirits3 ,ad ascolt>li er'io del tutto fisso1 ,qu&o 'l ,mae/ro mi disse3 or pur mira1 ,*e p] poco 1 *e teco non mi risso4 ,qu&o io 'l s5ti' a me p>l> con ira ,volsimi v]so lui con tal v]gogna1 ,*'ancor p] la memoria mi si gira1 c4--,inf4 #cj4 & ! bur/1 ,o dignitosa cosci5za e netta1 ,come t' picciol fallo am>o morso4--,purg4 #c4 ,footnote #fi3 ,p>ad4 #e4 ,footnote #gj3 ,purg4 #bd4 ,footnote #ga3 ,p>ad4 #be4 ,aft] t x 0 ! pleasure ( ! citiz5s ( t faire/ & mo/ fam\s daught] ( ,rome1 ,flor5ce1 to ca/ me =? f h] mo/ sweet bosom 7:]e9 ,i _h be5 n\ri%$ up to ! maturity ( my life1 & 9 :i*1 ) all peace to h]1 ,i long ) all my he>t to re/ my we>y s\l1 & f9i% ! "t :i* is giv5 me71 ,i h pass$ ?r\gh almo/ all ! regions to :i* ?is language rea*es1 a w&]]1 almo/ a begg>1 display+1 aga9/ my w1 ! /roke ( =tune1 :i* is (ttimes unju/ly wont to be imput$ to ! p]son /rick54 ,truly1 ,i h be5 a %ip )\t a sail or helm1 c>ri$ to div]s h>b\rs1 & gulfs1 & %ores1 by t p>*+ w9d :i* sad pov]ty brea!s2 & ,i h seem$ vile 9 ! eyes ( _m1 :o p]*ance1 f "s fame1 _h imag9$ ( me 9 ano!r =m2 9 ! sight ( :om n only did my pres5ce become n\ght1 b e "w ( m9e less priz$1 bo? :at _h be5 & :at 0 to be wr\ght4--,convito1 ,tr4 i4 c4 #c4 ,?us prov$1 & ?us furni%$--?us indep5d5t & confid5t1 d>+ to tru/ 8 in/9ct & g5ius 9 :at 0 entirely untri$ & unusual1 he ent]$ on 8 great poem1 to %ad[ =?1 "u ! figure ( 8 own conv]sion & purification1 n m]ely h[ a s+le s\l rises to its p]fection1 b h[ ?is visible _w1 9 all its phases ( nature1 life1 & society1 is "o ) ! invisible1 :i* bord]s on x1 actuates1 accompli%es1 & expla9s x4 ,x is ?is va/ plan--to take into 8 scope1 n ! s\l only 9 its /ruggles & triumph1 b all t ! s\l f9ds itself engag$ ) 9 its c\rse2 ! accid5ts ( ! h\r1 & ( ages pa/2 ! real p]sons1 great & small1 ap>t f & )\t :om x _c ?9k or act2 ! mat]ial _w1 its !atre & home--x is ?is :i* gives s _m v>i\s sides to ! ,comm$ia1 :i* makes x s novel & /range4 ,x is n a m]e p]sonal hi/ory1 or a p\r+ =? ( feel+1 l ! ,vita ,nuova1 ?\gh he is himself ! my/]i\s voyag]1 & he op5s )\t res]ve 8 actual life & 8 he>t2 he speaks1 inde$1 9 ! fir/ p]son1 yet he is b a "* ( ! drama1 & 9 great "p ( x ) n m ( di/9ct p]sonality ?an 9 t p>aphrase ( ! p5it5tial ,psalms1 9 :i* he has prelud$ s mu* ( ! ,comm$ia4 ,yet ! ,comm$ia is n a pure allegory2 x admits1 & makes use ( ! allegorical1 b ! laws ( allegory are too n>r[ = x2 ! real 9 x is too impati5t ( ! veil1 & breaks ?r\gh 9 all its h>dness & detail1 into :at is mo/ %ad[y4 ,hi/ory is inde$ view$ n 9 its ephem]al look1 b "u ! light ( ,god's f9al judgm5ts2 9 its completion1 n 9 its provisional & fragm5t>y "*2 view$ !re=e b 9 fai?2--b its issues1 :i* 9 ?is confus$ sc5e we ord9>ily contemplate 9 ! gross1 ! poet br+s d[n to detail & individuals2 he faces & grasps ! trem5d\s ?\ght t ! v m5 & wom5 :om we see & speak to1 are n[ ! real repres5tatives ( s9 & goodness1 ! true actors 9 t sc5e :i* is s famili> to u z a picture--unfl9*+ & t]rible he>t1 he endures to face x 9 its mo/ h>r[+ =ms4 ,b he wrote n = sport1 nor to give poetic pleasure2 he wrote to w>n2 ! se$ ( ! ,comm$ia 0 s[n 9 te>s1 & reap$ 9 mis]y3 & ! consolations :i* x (f]s are awful z !y are real4 ,?us1 ?\gh he ?r[s into symbol & image1 :at c only be express$ by symbol & image1 we c z little =get 9 read+ him ?is real _w 9 :i* we live1 z we c 9 "o ( ,%aksp]e's plays4 ,x is n m]ely t ! poem is cr[d$ ) real p]sonages1 mo/ ( !m hav+ ! s+le int]e/ to u ( be+ real4 ,b all t is associat$ ) man's hi/ory & exi/5ce is int]wov5 ) ! ma9 c\rse ( ?\ght--all t gives "* to life1 all t gives x =m & feature1 ev5 to qua9tness1 all t occupies ! m9d1 or employs ! h&--speculation1 sci5ce1 arts1 manufactures1 monum5ts1 sc5es1 cu/oms1 prov]bs1 c]emonies1 games1 puni%m5ts1 attitudes ( m51 habits ( liv+ creatures4 ,! wilde/ & mo/ une>?ly imag9ations1 ! mo/ ab/ruse ?\ghts take up into1 & incorporate ) !mselves ! =cible & famili> impressions ( our "m e>?1 & d n refuse ! company & aid ev5 ( ! homelie/4 ,?is is n m]e poetic ornam5t1 peculi>ly1 pr(usely1 or extravagantly employ$4 ,x is "o ( ! ways 9 :i* 8 dom9ant feel+ expresses itself--spontane\s & in/9ctive 9 ea* sev]al in/ance ( x1 b ! k9dl+ & efflu5ce ( delib]ate ?\ght1 & att5d+ on a cle> purpose--! feel+ ( ! real & intimate connexion betwe5 ! objects ( sight & fai?4 ,x is n t he sees 9 "o ! simple c\nt]p>t & rev]se ( ! o!r1 or sets himself to trace out univ]sally _! mutual correspond5ces2 he has too /rong a s5se ( ! reality ( ?is famili> life to r$uce x m]ely to a %ad[ & type ( ! unse54 ,:at he /ruggles to express 9 c\ntless ways1 ) all ! res\rces ( 8 /range & gigantic p[]1 is t ?is _w & ! next are bo? equally real1 & bo? "o--p>ts1 h[ev] diff]5t1 ( "o :ole4 ,! _w to come we "k b 9 a glass d>kly2 man c only ?9k & imag9e ( x 9 images1 :i* he kn[s to be b brok5 & fa9t reflections3 b ?is _w we "k1 n 9 outl9e1 & featureless idea1 b by "n1 & face1 & %ape1 by place & p]son1 by ! col\rs & =ms :i* cr[d ov] its surface1 ! m5 :o p its habitations1 ! ev5ts :i* m>k its mom5ts4 ,detail fills ! s5se "h1 & is ! m>k ( reality4 ,& ?us he seeks to keep alive ! feel+ ( :at t _w is :i* he connects ) heav5 & hell2 n by ab/ractions1 n mu* by elaborate & highly-f9i%$ pictures1 b by names1 p]sons1 local features1 def9ite images4 ,widely & ke5ly has he rang$ ov] & se>*$ into ! _w--) a l>g5ess ( m9d :i* disda9$ n to m>k & treasure up1 along ) mu* unhe$$ beauty1 _m a *>act]i/ic feature ( nature1 unnotic$ because s common4 ,all 8 pursuits & int]e/s contribute to ! impression1 :i*1 (t5 in/9ctively x may be1 he /rives to produce1 ( ! manifold v>iety ( our life4 ,z a man ( society1 8 memory is full ( its usages1 =malities1 graces1 follies1 fa%ions--( expressive motions1 po/ures1 ge/ures1 looks--( music1 ( h&icrafts1 ( ! conv]sation ( fri5ds or associates--( all t passes1 s transi5t1 yet s ke5ly pleasant or di/a/eful1 betwe5 man & man4 ,z a travell]1 he recalls cont9ually ! names & sc5es ( ! _w2--z a man ( speculation1 ! secrets ( nature--! ph5om5a ( light1 ! !ory ( ! planets' motions1 ! idea & laws ( physiology4 ,z a man ( le>n+1 he is fill$ ) ! ?\ghts & recollections ( anci5t fable & hi/ory2 z a politician1 ) ! ?\ghts1 progno/ications1 & hopes1 ( ! hi/ory ( ! day2 z a moral philosoph] he has wat*$ himself1 8 ext]nal s5sations & *anges1 8 inw>d passions1 8 m5tal p[]s1 8 ideas1 8 consci5ce2 he has f> & wide not$ "*1 discrim9at$ motives1 class$ good & evil de$s4 ,all t ! man ( society1 ( travel1 ( sci5ce1 ( le>n+1 ! politician1 ! morali/1 c\ld ga!r1 is us$ at w 9 ! great poetic /ructure2 b all conv]ges to ! purpose1 & is direct$ by ! int5se feel+ ( ! !ologian1 :o sees ?is wond]ful & famili> sc5e melt+ into1 & end+ 9 ano!r yet m wond]ful1 b :i* w "o day be z famili>--:o sees ! difficult b sure progress ( ! manifold rem$ies ( ! ,div9e gov]nm5t to _! pr$e/9$ issue2 &1 ov] all1 ,god & ,8 sa9ts4 ,s compreh5sive 9 int]e/ is ! ,comm$ia4 ,any attempt to expla9 x1 by n>r[+ t int]e/ to politics1 philosophy1 ! moral life1 or !ology itself1 mu/ prove inadequate4 ,!ology /rikes ! key-note2 b hi/ory1 natural & metaphysical sci5ce1 poetry1 & art1 ea* 9 _! turn jo9 9 ! h>mony1 indep5d5t1 yet m9i/]+ to ! :ole4 ,if f ! poem itself we c\ld be = a s+le mom5t 9 d\bt ( ! reality & dom9ant place ( religion 9 x1 ! pla9-spok5 prose ( ! ,convito w\ld %[ h[ he plac$ ! ,div9e ,sci5ce1 full ( all peace1 & all[+ no /rife ( op9ions & sophisms1 = ! excell5t c]ta9ty ( its subject1 :i* is ,god1 9 s+le p]fection above all o!r sci5ces1 :i* are1 z ,solomon speaks1 b que5s1 or concub9es1 or maid5s2 b %e is ! ',dove1' & ! 'p]fect "o'--',dove1' because )\t /a9 ( /rife--'p]fect1' because p]fectly %e makes u behold ! tru?1 9 :i* our s\l /ills itself & is at re/4 ,b ! same passage#gb %[s likewise h[ he view$ all human k & human int]e/s1 z hold+ _! due place 9 ! hi]>*y ( wisdom1 & among ! /eps ( man's p]fection4 ,no acc\nt ( ! ,comm$ia w prove suffici5t1 :i* does n keep 9 view1 fir/ ( all1 ! high moral purpose & deep _s ( fai? ) :i* x 0 writt51 & !n ! wide lib]ty ( mat]ials & means :i* ! poet all[$ himself 9 work+ out 8 design4 ,footnote #gb3 ,convito1 ,tr4 #b1 c4 #ad1 #ae4 ,d\btless1 8 writ+s h a political aspect4 ,! great ,ghibell9e poet is "o ( ,dante's receiv$ synonymes2 ( 8 /rong political op9ions1 & ! importance he atta*$ to !m1 !re c be no d\bt4 ,& he meant 8 poem to be ! vehicle ( !m1 & ! record to all ages ( ! folly & selfi%ness ) :i* he saw m5 gov]n$4 ,t he %\ld take ! deepe/ int]e/ 9 ! go+s on ( 8 "t1 is "p ( 8 greatness2 to suppose t he /opp$ at !m1 or t he subord9at$ to political objects or feel+s all ! o!r elem5ts ( 8 poem1 is to %r9k up t greatness into v n>r[ limits4 ,yet ?is has be5 done by m5 ( m>k & ability1 by ,italians1 by m5 :o read ! ,comm$ia 9 _! own "m-tongue4 ,x has be5 ma9ta9$ z a satisfactory acc\nt ( x--ma9ta9$ ) great lab\r & p]t9aci\s +5uity--t ,dante meant no?+ m by 8 poem ?an ! conflicts & ideal triumph ( a political p>ty4 ,! hundr$ cantos ( t vision ( ! univ]se are b a manife/o ( ! ,ghibell9e propag&a1 design$1 "u ! veil ( hi/oric images & sc5es1 to ins9uate :at x 0 dang]\s to ann\nce2 & ,beatrice1 9 all h] glory & sweetness1 is b a specim5 ( ! j>gon1 cant1 & slang ( ,ghibell9e freemasonry4 ,:5 ,italians write ?us1 !y degrade ! greate/ "n ( _! c\ntry to a dep? ( labori\s imbecility1 to :i* ! trifl+ ( s*oolm5 & academicians is z no?+4 ,x is to solve ! enigma ( ,dante's works1 by imag9+ = him a "* 9 :i* x is h>d to say :i* pr$om9ates1 ! p$ant1 m\ntebank1 or infidel4 ,aft] t we may read ,voltaire's sne]s ) pati5ce1 & ev5 ent] ) gravity on ! exam9ation ( ,fa!r ,h>d\9's ,hi/oric ,d\bts4 ,! fanaticism ( an outrag$ lib]alism1 produc$ by c5turies ( inju/ice & despotism1 is b a poor excuse = su* p]v]se bl9dness4#gc ,footnote #gc3 ,9 ! ,rema9s ( ,ar?ur ,h5ry ,hallam is a pap]1 9 :i* he exam9es & disposes ( ?is !ory ) a c\rte\s & =be>+ irony1 :i* w\ld h deep5$ probably into some?+ m1 on ?9k+ ov] x a second "t4 ,dante 0 n a ,ghibell9e1 ?\gh he long$ = ! int]position ( an ,imp]ial p[]4 ,hi/orically he did n belong to ! ,ghibell9e p>ty4 ,x is true t he =sook ! ,guelfs1 ) :om he _h be5 br\ght up1 & t ! ,:ite ,guelfs1 ) :om he 0 expell$ f ,flor5ce1 7 at l5g? m]g$ & lo/ 9 ! ,ghibell9e p>ty#gd2 & he act$ ) !m = a "t4#ge ,b no words c be /rong] ?an ^? 9 :i* he disjo9s himself f t evil & fooli% company1 & claims 8 indep5d5ce-- ,a te fia bello ,av]ti fatto p>te p] te /esso4#gf ,footnote #gd3 ,d9o ,comp4 pp4 #hi-ia4 ,footnote #ge3 ,8 "n appe>s among ! ,:ite delegates 9 #acjg4 ,pelli1 p4 #aag4 ,footnote #gf3 ,p>ad4 #ag4 ,& x is n easy to conceive a ,ghibell9e p>tisan putt+ into ! m\? ( ,ju/9ian1 ! type ( law & empire1 a g5]al condemnation ( 8 p>ty z heavy z t ( _! antagoni/s2--! crime ( hav+ betray$1 z ! ,guelfs _h resi/$1 ! great symbol ( public "r-- ,omai puoi giudic> di que' cotali ,*'io accusai di sopra1 e de' lor falli ,*e son cagion di tutti i vo/ri mali4 ,l'uno al pubblico segno i gigli gialli ,oppone1 e quel s'appropria l'altro a p>te1 ,s *' =te a v$] qual pi si falli4 ,faccian li ,ghibell91 faccian lor arte ,sott'altro segno2 * mal segue quello ,sempre *i la giu/izia e lui dip>te4#gg ,footnote #gg3 ,ibid4 #f4 ,& ?\gh1 z ! victim ( ! ,guelfs ( ,flor5ce1 he f\nd refuge among ,ghibell9e pr9ces1 he _h fri5ds among ,guelfs also4 ,8 /eps & 8 tongue 7 free to ! end4 ,& 9 "* & feel+1 9 8 au/]ity1 8 /urd9ess & r\ghness1 8 intol]ance ( corruption & pride1 8 /rongly-m>k$ devotional temp]1 he 0 mu* less a ,ghibell9e ?an l "o ( ^? /]n ,guelfs :o hail$ ,savon>ola4 ,b he _h a v decid$ & complete political !ory1 :i* c]ta9ly 0 n ,guelf2 &1 z p>ties !n 71 x 0 n mu* m ,ghibell9e4 ,mo/ assur$ly no set ( m5 w\ld h m vigor\sly resi/$ ! attempt to realise 8 !ory1 w\ld h jo9$ m he>tily ) all imm$iate oppon5ts--,guelfs1 ,black1 ,:ite1 & ,gre51 or ev5 ,boniface ,,viii41--to keep out su* an emp]or z ,dante imag9$1 ?an ! ,ghibell9e nobles & pot5tates4 ,dante's political views 7 a dream2 ?\gh a dream bas$ on :at _h be51 & an anticipation ( :at 01 9 "p at lea/1 to come4 ,x 0 a dream 9 ! middle ages1 9 divid$ & republican ,italy1 ! ,italy ( cities--( a real & national gov]nm5t1 bas$ on ju/ice & law4 ,x 0 ! dream ( a real /ate4 ,he imag9$ t ! ,roman empire _h be5 "o great /ate2 he p]suad$ himself t ,*ri/5dom might be su*4 ,he 0 wrong 9 bo? in/ances2 b 9 ?is case1 z 9 s _m o!rs1 he _h already caught ! _s & ideas ( a f>-di/ant future2 & ! political organisation ( mod]n times1 s famili> to u t we cease to ?9k ( its exce$+ wond]1 is ! practical confirmation1 ?\gh 9 a =m v diff]5t f :at he imag9$1 ( ! dep? & f>sight$ness ( ^? expectations :i* are 9 outw>d =m s *im]ical--i miei non falsi errori4 ,he _h /udi$ ! inf9ite disord]s ( ! _w 9 "o ( _! mo/ unre/ra9$ sc5es1 ! /reets ( an ,italian republic4 ,law 0 p[]less1 good m5 7 p[]less1 good int5tions came to naught2 nei!r social habits nor public p[] c\ld resi/1 :5 selfi%ness *ose to h its way4 ,! ,*ur* 0 inde$ /ill ! salt ( ! nations2 b x _h once d>$ & a*iev$ m2 x _h once be5 ! only p[] :i* rul$ !m4 ,& ?is x c\ld d no long]4 ,if /r5g? & en]gy _h be5 en\gh to make ! ,*ur*'s influ5ce felt on gov]nm5t1 !re 0 a ,pope :o c\ld h done x--a man :o 0 und\bt$ly ! mo/ wond]$ at & admir$ ( 8 age1 :om fri5d or foe nev] *>act]is$1 )\t add+ ! inv>iable epi!t ( 8 greatness ( s\l--! magnanimus peccator1#gh ^: ,roman gr&eur 9 meet+ 8 unwor?y fate fasc9at$ into mom5t>y sympa?y ev5 ,dante4#gi ,b among ! ?+s :i* ,boniface ,,viii4 c\ld n d1 ev5 if he c>$ ab\t x1 0 ! ma9ta9+ peace & law 9 ,italian t[ns4 ,& :ile ?is great political p[] 0 fail+1 its correlative & antagoni/ 0 p>alys$ also4 ,s9ce ! dea? ( ,fr$]ic ,,ii41 says ,dante's contempor>y1 ! fame & recollections ( ! empire 7 well-nigh ext+ui%$4#hj ,italy 0 left )\t gov]nm5t--come nave s5za noc*i]o 9 gran tempe/a--to ! m]cies ( h] tyrants3 ,*e le t]re d',italia tutte pi5e ,son di tiranni1 e un ,m>cel div5ta ,ogni villan1 *e p>teggi&o vi5e4--,purg4 #f4 ,footnote #gh3 ,b5v5uto da ,imola4 ,footnote #gi3 ,veggio 9 ,alagna entr> lo fiordaliso1 ,e nel vic>io suo ,cri/o ess] catto2 ,veggiolo un'altra volta ess] d]iso2 ,veggio r9novell> l'aceto e 'l fele1 ,e tra vivi ladroni ess]e anciso4--,purg4 #bj4 ,g4 ,villani1 viii4 #fc4 ,come magnanimo e val5te1 disse1 ,dac* p] tradim5to1 come ,ges ,cri/o1 voglio ess] preso e mi convi5e morire1 alm5o voglio morire come ,papa2 e di pres5te si fece p>>e dell'ammanto di ,s4 ,pi]o1 e colla corona di ,con/ant9o 9 capo1 e colle *iavi e croce 9 mano1 e 9 su la s$ia papale si pose a s$]e1 e giunto a lui ,sci>ra e gli altri suoi nimici2 con villane p>ole lo s*]niro4 ,footnote #hj3 ,d9o ,compagni1 p4 #ace4 ,9 ?is sc5e ( viol5ce & disord]1 ) ! ,papacy gone a/ray1 ! empire debas$ & impot5t1 ! religi\s ord]s corrupt$1 p[] mean+ lawlessness1 ! well-dispos$ become weak & c[>dly1 religion nei!r guide nor *eck to society1 b only ! consolation ( its victims--,dante 0 bold & hopeful en\gh to believe 9 ! ,div9e appo9tm5t1 & 9 ! possibility1 ( law & gov]nm5t--( a /ate4 ,9 8 philosophy1 ! in/itutions :i* provide = man's peace & lib]ty 9 ?is life are "p ( ,god's great ord] = rais+ m5 to p]fection2--n indisp5sable1 yet ord9>y p>ts2 hav+ _! important place1 ?\gh b = ! pres5t "t2 & ?\gh imp]fect1 real in/rum5ts ( ,8 moral gov]nm5t4 ,he c\ld n believe x to be ! int5tion ( ,provid5ce1 t on ! introduction ( high] hopes & ! f\ndation ( a high] society1 civil society %\ld collapse & be left to ru91 z h5ce=? useless or prejudicial 9 man's trial & tra9+2 t ! significant intimations ( nature1 t law & its results1 ju/ice1 peace1 & /ability1 ought to be & might be realis$ among m51 _h lo/ _! mean+ & fad$ away be=e ! ann\ncem5t ( a k+dom n ( ?is _w4 ,& if ! p]fection ( civil society _h n be5 sup]s$$ by ! ,*ur*1 x _h become cle>1 if ev5ts 7 to be read z signs1 t %e 0 n int5d$ to supply its political (fices & functions4 ,%e _h taught1 elevat$1 solac$1 bless$1 n only individual s\ls1 b society2 %e _h = a "t ev5 gov]n$ x3 b ?\gh h] o!r p[]s rema9$1 %e c\ld gov]n x no long]4 ,failure _h made x c]ta9 t1 9 8 /rong & qua9t language1 ,virtus au?oriz&i regnum no/r mortalitatis e/ contra naturam ecclesi2 ergo non e/ de num]o virtutum su>um4#ha ,ano!r & di/9ct organisation 0 requir$ = ?is1 unless ! temporal ord] 0 no long] wor?y ! att5tion ( ,*ri/ians4 ,footnote #ha3 ,de ,mon>*4 lib4 iii4 p4 #ahh1 ,ed4 ,fraticelli4 ,?is is ! idea ( ! ,de ,mon>*ia2 & ?\gh x holds b a place 9 ! great s*eme ( ! ,comm$ia1 x is prom95t !re also--an idea se5 b 9 a fanta/ic %ape1 encumb]$ & confus$ ) mo/ grotesque imag]y1 b ! real idea ( polity & law1 :i* ! exp]i5ce ( mod]n ,europe has atta9$ to4 ,he f\nd 9 cle> outl9e 9 ! ,greek philosophy1 ! !ory ( m]ely human society2 & rais+ its end & purpose1 f9em totius human civilitatis1 to a height & dignity :i* ,hea!ns c\ld n =eca/1 he adopt$ x 9 its m ab/ract & ideal =m4 ,he imag9$ a s+le au?ority1 unselfi%1 inflexible1 irresi/ible1 :i* c\ld make all small] tyrannies to cease1 & enable e man to live 9 peace & lib]ty1 s t he liv$ 9 ju/ice4 ,x is simply :at ea* sep>ate /ate ( ,*ri/5dom has by ?is "t m or less p]fectly a*iev$4 ,! !oris] ( ! middle ages c\ld conceive ( its accompli%m5t only 9 "o =m1 z gr& z x 0 impossible--a univ]sal mon>*y4 ,b he did n />t f an ab/raction4 ,he believ$ t hi/ory atte/$ ! exi/5ce ( su* a mon>*y4 ,! pre/ige ( ! ,roman empire 0 !n /rong4 ,europe /ill l+]s on ! idea1 & _c ev5 yet br+ itself to give up its "p 9 t great monum5t ( human p[]4 ,b 9 ! middle ages ! ,empire 0 /ill believ$ to exi/4 ,x 0 ! la/ greatness :i* _h be5 se5 9 ! _w1 & ! _w w\ld n believe t x 0 ov]4 ,above all1 9 ,italy1 a cont9uity ( l9eage1 ( language1 ( local names1 & 9 "p ( civilisation & law1 =bad ! ?\ght t ! great ,roman p _h ceas$ to be4 ,flor5t9es & ,v5etians boa/$ t !y 7 ,romans3 ! leg5ds :i* ! ,flor5t9e ladies told to _! maid5s at ! loom 7 tales ( _! "m city1 ,rome4 ,! ,roman elem5t1 little und]/ood1 b pr(\ndly rev]5c$ & de>ly *]i%$1 0 dom9ant2 ! conductor ( civilisation1 & enfold+ ! inh]itance ( all ! wisdom1 exp]i5ce1 feel+1 art1 ( ! pa/1 x elevat$1 ev5 :ile x ov]aw$1 oppress$1 & enslav$4 ,a deep belief 9 ,provid5ce add$ to ! intr9sic gr&eur ( ! empire a sacr$ "*4 ,! flight ( ! eagle has be5 (t5 told & (t5 sung2 b nei!r 9 ,livy or ,virgil1 ,gibbon or ,bossuet1 ) int5s] sympa?y or m k9dr$ p[]1 ?an 9 ^? ru%+ & unflagg+ v]ses 9 :i* ! middle-age poet he>s ! imp]ial legislator relate ! fat$ c\rse ( ! sacr$ sign1 f ! day :5 ,pallas di$ = x1 till x accompli%$ ! v5geance ( heav5 9 ,juda1 & aft]w>ds1 "u ,*>lemagne1 smote d[n ! enemies ( ! ,*ur*4#hb ,footnote #hb3 ,p>ad4 c4 #f4 ,! foll[+ passage1 f ! ,de ,mon>*ia1 w %[ ! poet's view ( ! ,roman empire1 & its (fice 9 ! _w3 ,to ! reasons above alleg$1 a memorable exp]i5ce br+s confirmation3 ,i mean t /ate ( mank9d :i* ! ,son ( ,god1 :5 ,he w\ld = man's salvation take man ^u ,him1 ei!r wait$ =1 or ord]$ :5 s ,he will$4 ,= if f ! fall ( our fir/ p>5ts1 :i* 0 ! />t+-po9t ( all our w&]+s1 we retrace ! v>i\s dispositions ( m5 & _! times1 we %all n f9d at any "t1 except "u ! div9e mon>* ,augu/us1 :5 a p]fect mon>*y exi/$1 t ! _w 0 ev]y:]e quiet4 ,& t !n mank9d 0 happy 9 ! tranquillity ( univ]sal peace1 ?is all writ]s ( hi/ory1 ?is fam\s poets1 ?is ev5 ! ,scribe ( ! meekness ( ,*ri/ has deign$ to atte/4 ,& la/ly1 ,paul has call$ t mo/ bless$ condition1 ! fulness ( "t4 ,truly "t1 & ! ?+s ( "t1 7 full1 = no my/]y ( our felicity !n lack$ its m9i/]4 ,b h[ ! _w has gone on f ! "t :5 t seamless robe 0 fir/ torn by ! claws ( covet\sness1 we may read1 & w\ld t we might n also see4 ,o race ( m51 by h[ great /orms & losses1 by h[ great %ipwrecks ha/ ?\ ( necessity be5 vex$ s9ce1 trans=m$ into a bea/ ( _m heads1 ?\ ha/ be5 /ruggl+ diff]5t ways1 sick 9 und]/&+1 equally sick 9 he>t4 ,! high] intellect1 ) its inv9cible reasons1 ?\ recke/ n (2 nor ( ! inf]ior1 ) its eye ( exp]i5ce2 nor ( affection1 ) ! sweetness ( div9e suasion1 :5 ! trumpet ( ! ,holy ,gho/ s\nds to !e--,behold1 h[ good is x1 & h[ pleasant1 bre?r51 to dwell toge!r 9 unity4--,de ,mon>*4 lib4 i4 p4 #ed4 ,yet ?is great ,roman empire exi/$ /ill unimpair$ 9 "n--n unimpos+ ev5 9 :at really rema9$ ( x4 ,dante1 to supply a want1 turn$ x into a !ory--a !ory easy to smile at n[1 b :i* conta9$ & 0 a beg9n+ ( unkn[n or unhe$$ tru?4 ,:at he ye>ns aft] is ! pr$om9ance ( ! pr9ciple ( ju/ice 9 civil society4 ,t1 if x is /ill imp]fect1 is no long] a dream 9 our day2 b exp]i5ce _h nev] realis$ x to him1 & he takes refuge 9 t5tative & grop+ !ory4 ,! div9ations ( ! greate/ m5 h be5 vague & /range1 & none h be5 /rang] ?an ^? ( ! au?or ( ! ,de ,mon>*ia4 ,! second book1 9 :i* he e/abli%es ! title ( ! ,roman p to ,univ]sal ,empire1 is z />tl+ a piece ( m$ival argum5t z x w\ld be easy to f9d4 ,z :5 we _c atta9 to look ^u a cause1 we commonly wond] at a new effect1 s :5 we "k ! cause1 we look d[n ) a c]ta9 d]ision on ^? :o rema9 9 wond]4 ,& ,i inde$ wond]$ once h[ ! ,roman p _h1 )\t any resi/ance1 be5 set ov] ! _w2 & look+ at x sup]ficially1 ,i ?\ght t !y _h obta9$ ?is by no "r1 b by m]e =ce ( arms4 ,b :5 ,i fix$ deeply ! eyes ( my m9d on x1 & by mo/ effectual signs knew t ,div9e ,provid5ce _h wr\ght ?is1 wond] dep>t$1 & a c]ta9 scornful contempt came 9 its /ead1 :5 ,i p]ceiv$ ! nations rag+ aga9/ ! pre-em95ce ( ! ,roman p3--:5 ,i see ! p imag9+ a va9 ?+1 z ,i once us$ to d2 :51 moreov]1 ,i grieve ov] k+s & pr9ces agree+ 9 ?is only1 to be aga9/ _! ,"l & 8 ano9t$ ,roman ,emp]or4 ,:]e=e 9 d]ision1 n )\t a c]ta9 grief1 ,i c cry out1 = t glori\s p & = ,cs>1 ) him :o cri$ 9 behalf ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,heav51 ,:y did ! nations rage1 & ! p imag9e va9 ?+s2 ! k+s ( ! e>? /ood up1 & ! rul]s 7 jo9$ 9 "o aga9/ ! ,"l & 8 ano9t$4 ,b 7because natural love suff]s n d]ision to be ( long duration1 b1 l ! summ] sun1 :i*1 scatt]+ ! morn+ mi/s1 irradiates ! ea/ ) light1 s pref]s to p\r =? ! light ( correction7 !re=e to break ! bonds ( ! ignorance ( su* k+s & rul]s1 to %[ t ! human race is free f _! yoke1 ,i w exhort myself1 9 company ) ! mo/ holy ,prophet1 tak+ up 8 foll[+ words1 ,let u break _! bonds1 & ca/ away f u _! yoke4--,de ,mon>*4 lib4 ii4 p4 #eh4 ,& to prove ?is pre-em95ce ( "r 9 ! ,roman p1 & _! heirs1 ! ,emp]ors ( ,*ri/5dom1 he appeals n m]ely to ! c\rse ( ,provid5ce1 to _! high & noble ance/ry1 to ! bless+s ( _! j & consid]ate laws1 to _! unselfi% gu>dian%ip ( ! _w--,romanum imp]ium de fonte nascitur pietatis2--n m]ely to _! noble examples ( private virtue1 self-devotion1 & public _s--^? mo/ sacr$ victims ( ! ,decian h\se1 :o laid d[n _! lives = ! public weal1 z ,livy--n z !y des]v$1 b z he 0 able--tells to _! glory2 & t unspeakable sacrifice ( fre$om's /]ne/ gu>dians1 ! ,catos2 n m]ely to ! judgm5t ( ,god 9 t great duel & wag] ( battle = empire1 9 :i* heav5 decl>$ aga9/ all o!r *ampions & co-a?letes--,alex&]1 ,pyrrhus1 ,hannibal1 & by all ! =malities ( judicial combat aw>d$ ! great prize to ^? :o f\ght1 n = love or hatr$1 b ju/ice--,quis igitur nunc adeo obtus m5tis e/1 qui non videat1 sub jure duelli gloriosum populum coronam totius orbis esse lucratum8--n m]ely to argum5ts d]iv$ f ! pr9ciples ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?--b to miracles4 ,! ,roman empire1 he says1 01 9 ord] to its p]fections1 aid$ by ! help ( miracles2 !re=e x 0 will$ by ,god2 &1 by consequ5ce1 bo? 01 & is1 ( "r4 ,& ^! miracles1 prov$ by ! te/imony ( illu/ri\s au?orities1 are ! prodigies ( ,livy--! ancile ( ,numa1 ! geese ( ! ,capitol1 ! escape ( ,clelia1 ! hail-/orm :i* *eck$ ,hannibal4#hc ,footnote #hc3 ,de ,mon>*4 lib4 ii4 pp4 #fb1 #ff1 #gh1 #hb1 #hd1 #ajh-aad1 #aaf1 #gb-gf4 ,! intellectual ph5om5on is a /range "o4 ,x w\ld be less /range if ,dante 7 argu+ 9 ! s*ools1 or plead+ = a p>ty4 ,b ev5 ,h5ry ( ,luxemburg c>$ little = su* a ?rone z ! poet want$ him to fill1 mu* less ,c ,gr&e & ! ,visconti4 ,! idea1 ! !ory1 & ! argum5t1 are ( ! writ]'s own solit>y m$itation4 ,we may wond]4 ,b !re are few ?+s m /range ?an ! hi/ory ( argum5t4 ,h[ (t5 has a cause or an idea turn$ out1 9 ! eyes ( po/]ity1 s mu* bett] ?an its argum5ts4 ,h[ (t5 h we se5 argum5t gett+ z x 7 into a groove1 & unable to extricate itself1 s z to d itself ju/ice4 ,! ev]yday cases ( private exp]i5ce1 ( m5 def5d+ "r conclusions on wrong or conv5tional gr\nds1 or 9 a confus$ =m1 entangl$ ) conclusions ( a l yet diff]5t nature2--( argum5ts1 !ories1 solutions1 :i* once satisfi$1 satisfy+ u no long] on a "q ab\t :i* we hold ! same belief--( "o p>ty unable to compreh5d ! argum5ts ( ano!r--( "o section ( ! same side smil+ at ! def5ce ( _! common cause by ano!r--are all reproduc$ on a gr&] scale 9 ! hi/ory ( society4 ,!re too1 "o age _c compreh5d ano!r2 !re too x takes "t to dis5gage1 subord9ate1 elim9ate4 ,tru? ( ?is sort is n ! elaboration ( "o ke5 or /rong m9d1 b ( ! secret exp]i5ce ( _m2 nihil s9e tate e/1 omnia tempus expectant4 ,b a c\nt]p>t to ! ,de ,mon>*ia is n want+ 9 our own day2 !ory has n ceas$ to be mighty4 ,9 w>m? & e>ne/ness1 9 s5se ( hi/oric gr&eur1 9 its support ( a great cause & a great idea1 n less ?an 9 ! ?\ght ( its motto1 ,greek3 heis koiranos e/1 ,de ,mai/re's volume ,du ,pape1 recalls ! antagoni/ ,de ,mon>*ia2 b x recalls x n less 9 its bold deal+ ) facts1 & its bold assumption ( pr9ciples1 ?\gh ! k & debates ( five m busy c5turies1 & ! exp]i5ce ( mod]n c\rts & revolutions1 might h gu>d$ ! ,pi$montese nobleman f ! mi/akes ( ! old ,flor5t9e4 ,b ! idea ( ! ,de ,mon>*ia is no key to ! ,comm$ia4 ,! direct & prim>y purpose ( ! ,comm$ia is surely its obvi\s "o4 ,x is to /amp a deep impression on ! m9d1 ( ! issues ( good & ill do+ "h--( ! real worlds ( pa9 & joy4 ,to d ?is =cibly1 x is done 9 detail--( c\rse x c only be done 9 figure4 ,puni%m5t1 purification1 or ! fulness ( consolation are1 z he w\ld ?9k1 at ?is v mom5t1 ! lot ( all ! numb]less spirits :o h ev] liv$ "h--spirits /ill liv+ & s5ti5t z himself3 p>allel ) our life1 !y too are suff]+ or are at re/4 ,)\t pause or int]val1 9 all its p>ts simultane\sly1 ?is awful sc5e is go+ on--! judgm5ts ( ,god are be+ fulfill$--c\ld we b see x4 ,x exi/s1 x might be se51 at ea* in/ant ( "t1 by a s\l ^: eyes 7 op5$1 :i* 0 c>ri$ ?r\gh x4 ,& ?is he imag9es4 ,x _h be5 imag9$ be=e2 x is ! work+ out1 :i* is peculi> to him4 ,x is n a b>r5 vision4 ,8 subject is1 besides ! et]nal _w1 ! s\l :i* contemplates x2 by sight1 accord+ to 8 figures--9 reality1 by fai?4 ,z he is l$ on f woe to deep] woe1 !n ?r\gh ! temp]$ *a/isem5ts & resignation ( ,purgatory to ! beatific vision1 he is trac+ ! c\rse ( ! s\l on e>?1 realis+ s9 & wean+ itself f x--( its purification & prep>ation = its high lot1 by conv]se ) ! good & wise1 by ! rem$ies ( grace1 by ef=ts ( w & love1 p]haps by ! dom9ant guidance ( "s s+le pure & holy influ5ce1 :e!r ( p]son1 or in/itution1 or ?\ght4 ,nor w we say b t beyond ?is e>?ly probation1 he is n also /riv+ to grasp & imag9e to himself some?+ ( t awful process & tra9+1 by :i*1 :e!r 9 or out ( ! fle%1 ! _s is made fit to meet its ,mak]1 its ,judge1 & its ,*ief ,good4 ,?us x seems t ev5 9 its ma9 design1 ! poem has m ?an "o aspect2 x is a picture1 a figure1 p>tially a hi/ory1 p]haps an anticipation4 ,& ?is is confirm$1 by :at ! poet has himself di/9ctly /at$1 ( 8 ideas ( poetic composition4 ,8 view is express$ g5]ally 9 8 philosophical treatise1 ! ,convito2 b x is appli$ directly to ! ,comm$ia1 9 a lett]1 :i*1 if 9 its pres5t =m1 ( d\btful au!nticity1 )\t any "q repres5ts 8 s5tim5ts1 & ! sub/ance ( :i* is incorporat$ 9 "o ( ! e>lie/ writ+s on ! poem1 ,boccaccio's comm5t>y4 ,! foll[+ is 8 acc\nt ( ! subject ( ! poem3 ,= ! evid5ce ( :at is to be said1 x is to be not$1 t ?is "w is n ( "o s+le mean+ only1 b may be said to h _m mean+s 7polys5suum74 ,= ! fir/ mean+ is t ( ! lett]--ano!r is t ( ?+s signifi$ by ! lett]2 ! fir/ ( ^! is call$ ! lit]al s5se1 ! second1 ! allegorical or moral4 ,?is mode ( treat+ a subject may = cle>ness' sake be consid]$ 9 ^? v]ses ( ! ,psalm1 ,9 exitu ,israel4 ,:5 ,israel came out ( ,egypt1 & ! h\se ( ,jacob f ! /range p1 ,judah 0 8 sanctu>y1 & ,israel 8 dom9ion4 ,= if we look at ! lett] only1 !re is "h signifi$1 ! go+ out ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel 9 ! "t ( ,moses--if at ! allegory !re is signifi$ our r$emption ?r\gh ,*ri/--if at ! moral s5se !re is signifi$ to u ! conv]sion ( ! s\l f ! m\rn+ & mis]y ( s9 to ! /ate ( grace--if at ! anagogic s5se1#hd !re is signifi$ ! pass+ out ( ! holy s\l f ! bondage ( ?is corruption to ! lib]ty ( ev]la/+ glory4 ,& ^! my/ical mean+s1 ?\gh call$ by diff]5t names1 may all be call$ allegorical z di/+ui%$ f ! lit]al or hi/orical s5se4444 ,?is be+ consid]$1 x is pla9 t !re ought to be a tw(old subject1 conc]n+ :i* ! two correspond+ mean+s may proce$4 ,!re=e we mu/ consid] fir/ conc]n+ ! subject ( ?is "w z x is to be und]/ood lit]ally1 !n z x is to be consid]$ allegorically4 ,! subject !n ( ! :ole "w1 tak5 lit]ally only1 is ! /ate ( s\ls aft] dea? consid]$ 9 itself4 ,= ab\t ?is1 & on ?is1 ! :ole "w turns4 ,b if ! "w be tak5 allegorically1 its subject is man1 z1 by 8 fre$om ( *oice des]v+ well or ill1 he is subject to ! ju/ice :i* rew>ds & puni%es4#he ,footnote #hd3 ,lit]a ge/a ref]t1 quid cr$as allegoria1 ,moralis quid agas1 quid sp]es anagogia4 ,de ,witte's note f ,buti4 ,footnote #he3 ,ep4 ad ,kan ,gr&4 #f1 #g4 ,! passage 9 ! ,convito is to ! same effect2 b 8 rem>ks on ! moral & anagogic mean+ may be quot$3 ,! ?ird s5se is call$ moral2 t x is :i* read]s ought to g on not+ c>efully 9 writ+s1 = _! own pr(it & t ( _! disciples3 z 9 ! ,gospel x may be not$1 :5 ,*ri/ w5t up to ! m\nta9 to be transfigur$1 t ( ! twelve ,apo/les1 he took ) him only ?ree2 9 :i* morally we may und]/&1 t 9 ! mo/ secret ?+s we ought to h b few companions4 ,! f\r? sort ( mean+ is call$ anagogic1 t is1 above our s5se2 & ?is is :5 we spiritually int]pret a passage1 :i* ev5 9 its lit]al mean+1 by means ( ! ?+s signifi$1 expresses ! heav5ly ?+s ( ev]la/+ glory3 z may be se5 9 t song ( ! ,prophet1 :i* says1 t 9 ! com+ out ( ! p ( ,israel f ,egypt1 ,judah 0 made holy & free2 :i* al?\gh x is manife/ly true accord+ to ! lett]1 is n less true z spiritually und]/ood2 t is1 t :5 ! s\l comes out ( s91 x is made holy & free1 9 its own p[]4#hf ,footnote #hf3 ,convito1 ,tr4 #b1 c4 #a4 ,) ?is passage be=e u !re c be no d\bt ( ! mean+1 h[ev] veil$1 ( ^? beautiful l9es1 already ref]r$ to1 9 :i* ,virgil1 aft] hav+ conduct$ ! poet up ! /eeps ( ,purgatory1 :]e 8 s9s h be5 "o by "o cancell$ by ! m9i/]+ angels1 f9ally takes leave ( him1 & bids him wait = ,beatrice1 on ! skirts ( ! e>?ly ,p>adise3 ,come la scala tutta sotto noi ,fu corsa e fummo 9 su 'l grado sup]no1 ,9 me ficc ,virgilio gli oc*i suoi1 ,e disse3 ,il temporal fuoco1 e l'et]no ,v$uto hai1 figlio1 e se' v5uto 9 p>te ,ov'io p] me pi oltre non disc]no4 ,tratto t'ho qui con +egno e con arte3 ,lo tuo piac]e omai pr5di p] duce2 ,fuor se' dell'erte vie1 fuor se' dell'arte4 ,v$i il sole *e 'n fronte ti riluce3 ,v$i l'erbetta1 i fiori1 e gli arboscelli ,*e quella t]ra sol da s produce4 ,m5tre *e vegnon lieti gli oc*i belli ,*e lagrim&o a te v5ir mi f5no1 ,s$] ti puoi e puoi &> tra elli4 ,non aspett> mio dir pi n mio c5no3 ,lib]o1 dritto1 sano tuo arbitrio1 ,e fallo =a non f>e a suo s5no3-- ,p]*'io te sopra te corono e mitrio4#hg ,footnote #hg3 ,:5 we _h run ,o'er all ! ladd] to its topmo/ r\nd1 ,z !re we /ood1 on me ! ,mantuan fix'd ,8 eyes1 & ?us he spake3 ,bo? fires1 my son1 ,! temporal & ! et]nal1 ?\ ha/ se53 ,& art arriv$1 :]e ( itself my k5 ,no fur!r rea*es4 ,i ) skill & art1 ,?us f> h drawn !e4 ,n[ ?y pleasure take ,= guide4 ,?\ ha/ o'ercome ! /eep] way1 ,o'ercome ! /rait]4 ,lo6 ! sun1 t d>ts ,8 beam ^u ?y =ehead3 lo6 ! h]b1 ,! arborets & fl[]s1 :i* ( itself ,?is l& p\rs =? pr(use4 ,till ^? bright eyes ,) gladness come1 :i*1 weep+1 made me ha/e ,to succ\r !e1 ?\ maye/ or seat !e d[n1 ,or w&] :]e ?\ wilt4 ,expect no m ,sanction ( w>n+ voice or sign f me1 ,free ( ?9e own arbitrem5t to *oose1 ,discreet1 judici\s4 ,to di/ru/ ?y s5se ,7 h5ce=? error4 ,i inve/ !e !n ,) cr[n & mitre1 sov]eign o'er ?yself4 ,purg4 c4 #bg--;,,c>y4 ,! g5]al mean+ ( ! ,comm$ia is cle> en\gh4 ,b x c]ta9ly does appe> to refuse to be fitt$ into a connect$ =mal s*eme ( int]pretation4 ,x is n a homog5e\s1 consi/5t allegory1 l ! ,pilgrim's ,progress & ! ,fairy ,que54 ,! allegory cont9ually breaks (f1 %ifts its gr\nd1 gives place to o!r elem5ts1 or m+les ) !m--l a /ream :i* sudd5ly s9ks into ! e>?1 & aft] pass+ "u pla9s & m\nta9s1 reappe>s 9 a di/ant po9t1 & 9 diff]5t sc5]y4 ,we c1 inde$1 imag9e its /range au?or comm5t+ on x1 & f9d+ or m>k+ out its prosaic sub/ratum1 ) ! cold-blood$ precision & s*ola/ic di/9ctions ( ! ,convito4 ,h[ev]1 he has n done s4 ,& ( ! _m enigmas :i* pres5t !mselves1 ei!r 9 its /ructure or sep>ate p>ts1 ! key seems hopelessly lo/4 ,! e>ly comm5tators are v +5i\s1 b v unsatisfactory2 !y see :]e we c see1 b beyond t !y are z full ( unc]ta9ty z ourselves4 ,x is 9 "* ) t solit>y & haughty _s1 :ile t\*+ univ]sal sympa?ies1 appall+ & *>m+ all he>ts1 to h delight$ 9 8 own d>k say+s1 :i* _h mean+ only to himself4 ,x is true t1 :e!r 9 irony1 or f t qua9t /udi\s c>e = ! appe>ance ( lit]al tru?1 :i* makes him apologise = ! wond]s :i* he relates1 & confirm !m by an oa?1 on ! words ( 8 poem1#hh he provokes & *all5ges u2 bids u admire doctr9e hidd5 "u /range v]ses2#hi bids u /ra9 our eyes1 = ! veil is ?93 ,aguzza1 qui1 lettor1 b5 l'oc*i al v]o3 ,* il velo ora b5 tanto sottile1 ,c]to1 *e il trapass> d5tro leggi]o4--,purg4 c4 #h4 ,b eyes are /ill /ra9$ 9 conjecture & d\bt4 ,footnote #hh3 ,sempre a quel v]1 *'ha faccia di m5zogna1 ,de' l'uom *iud] le labbra1 quanto puote1 ,p] *e s5za colpa fa v]gogna4 ,ma qui tac] nol posso2 e p] le note ,di que/a ,comm$ia1 lettor1 ti giuro ,s'elle non si5 di lunga grazia vote1 c4--,inf4 #af4 ,footnote #hi3 ,inf4 #i4 ,yet ! mo/ c]ta9 & detail$ comm5t>y1 "o :i* assign$ ! exact reason = e image or allegory1 & its place & connexion 9 a g5]al s*eme1 w\ld add b little to ! *>m or to ! use ( ! poem4 ,x is n s obscure b t e man's exp]i5ce :o has ?\ght ov] & felt ! my/]y ( our pres5t life1 may supply ! comm5t>y--! m ample1 ! wid] & m v>i\s has be5 8 exp]i5ce1 ! deep] & ke5] 8 feel+4 ,details & l9ks ( connexion may be matt] ( controv]sy4 ,:e!r ! ?ree bea/s ( ! =e/ mean def9itely ! vices ( ! "t1 or ( ,flor5ce specially1 or ( ! poet himself--! wick$ness ( 8 heels1 compass+ him r\nd ab\t--may /ill ex]cise critics & antiqu>ies2 b t !y c>ry ) !m di/9ct & special impressions ( evil1 & t !y are ! h9drances ( man's salvation1 is n d\btful4 ,& our k ( ! key ( ! allegory1 :]e we possess x1 contributes b little to ! effect4 ,we may inf] f ! ,convito#ij t ! eyes ( ,beatrice /& def9itely = ! demon/rations1 & h] smiles = ! p]suasions ( wisdom2 b ! poetry ( ! ,p>adiso is n ab\t demon/rations & p]suasions1 b ab\t looks & smiles2 & ! ineffable & holy calm--s]5itatis et t]nitatis afflatus--:i* p]vades x1 comes f ! sacr$ tru?s1 & holy p]sons1 & t deep _s ( high-rais$ yet compos$ devotion1 :i* x requires no int]pret] to %[ u4 ,footnote #ij3 ,convito1 ,tr4 #c1 c4 #ae4 ,figure & symbol1 !n1 are d\btless ! law ( composition 9 ! ,comm$ia2 b ?is law discloses itself v v>i\sly1 & ) diff]5t degrees ( /rictness4 ,9 its prim>y & mo/ g5]al =m1 x is palpable1 consi/5t1 p]vad+4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! poem is meant to be und]/ood figuratively--no d\bt ( :at 9 g5]al x is meant to %ad[ =?--no d\bt z to ! g5]al mean+ ( its p>ts1 _! connexion ) ea* o!r4 ,b 9 its second>y & subord9ate applications1 ! law works--to our eye at lea/--irregul>ly1 unequally1 & fitfully4 ,!re c be no "q t ,virgil1 ! poet's guide1 repres5ts ! purely human elem5t 9 ! tra9+ ( ! s\l & ( society1 z ,beatrice does ! div9e4 ,b nei!r repres5t ! :ole2 he does n sum up all appliances ( wisdom 9 ,virgil1 nor all tea*+s & influ5ces ( grace 9 ,beatrice2 ^! h _! sep>ate figures4 ,& bo? repres5t successively sev]al di/9ct =ms ( _! g5]al antitypes4 ,!y h v>i\s degrees ( ab/ractness1 & n>r[ d[n1 accord+ to t ord] ( ?+s to :i* !y ref] & correspond1 into ! special & ! p]sonal4 ,9 ! g5]al economy ( ! poem1 ,virgil /&s = human wisdom 9 its wide/ s5se2 b he also /&s = x 9 its v>i\s %apes1 9 ! diff]5t p>ts4 ,he is ! type ( human philosophy & sci5ce4#ia ,he is1 aga91 m def9itely1 t _s ( imag9ation & poetry1 :i* op5s m5's eyes to ! glory ( ! visible1 & ! tru? ( ! invisible2 & to ,italians1 he is a def9ite embodim5t ( x1 _! own great poet1 vates1 poeta no/]4#ib ,9 ! ,*ri/ian ord]1 he is human wisdom1 dimly m9dful ( its heav5ly orig9--presag+ dimly its return to ,god--%elt]+ 9 hea!n times t vague & unconnect$ family ( religi\s tru?s1 orig9ally f ,god1 b soj\rn+ )\t ! sanction ( miracle or visible home1 z pilgrims up & d[n ! _w4#ic ,9 ! political ord]1 he is ! guide ( law-giv]s1 wisdom fa%ion+ ! impulses & in/9cts ( m5 into ! h>mony ( society1 contriv+ /ability & peace1 gu>d+ ju/ice2 fit "p = ! poet to fill1 :o _h sung ! orig9 ( ,rome1 & ! ju/ice & peace ( ,augu/us4 ,9 ! ord] ( individual life1 & ! progress ( ! individual s\l1 he is ! human consci5ce witness+ to duty1 its discipl9e & its hopes1 & ) yet m c]ta9 & fe>ful presage1 to its v9dication2 ! human consci5ce see+ & ackn[l$g+ ! law1 b unable to conf] p[] to fulfil x--wak5$ by grace f among ! dead1 lead+ ! liv+ man up to x1 & wait+ = its light & /r5g?4 ,b he is m ?an a figure4 ,to ! poet himself1 :o bl5ds ) 8 high argum5t 8 :ole life1 ,virgil _h be5 ! utmo/ t m9d c be to m9d--tea*]1 quick5] & reveal] ( p[]1 s\rce ( ?\ght1 exempl> & model1 nev] disappo9t+1 nev] atta9$ to1 obs]v$ ) long /udy & great love3 ,tu duca1 tu signor1 e tu mae/ro4--,inf4 #b4 ,footnote #ia3 ,o tu *'onori ogni sci5za ed arte4--,inf4 #d4 ,quel savio g5til *e tutto seppe4--,inf4 #g4 ,il m> di tutto 'l s5no4--,inf4 #h4 ,footnote #ib3 ,de ,mon>*ia4 ,footnote #ic3 ,newman's ,arians4 ,& t[>ds ?is great ma/]1 ! poet's :ole s\l is p\r$ =? 9 rev]5ce & affection4 ,to ,dante he is no figure1 b a p]son--) feel+s & weaknesses--ov]come by ! vexation1 k9dl+ into ! wra?1 c>ri$ away by ! t5d]ness1 ( ! mom5t4 ,he reads 8 s*ol>'s he>t1 takes him by ! h& 9 dang]1 c>ries him 9 8 arms & 9 8 bosom1 l a son m ?an a companion1 rebukes 8 unwor?y curiosity1 kisses him :5 he %[s a noble _s1 asks p>don = 8 own mi/akes4 ,nev] 7 ! k9d1 yet sev]e ways ( a ma/]1 or ! disciple's diffid5ce & op5-he>t$ness1 drawn ) great] =ce1 or less ef=t2 & he seems to h be5 reflect+ on 8 own affection to ,virgil1 :5 he makes ,/atius =get t !y 7 bo? b %ades3 ,or puoi la quantitate ,compr5d] dell'amor *'a te mi scalda1 ,qu&o dism5to la no/ra vanitate ,tratt&o l'ombre come cosa salda4--,purg4 #ba4 ,& s ) ! poet's second guide4 ,! great idea :i* ,beatrice figures1 ?\gh always pres5t1 is seldom r5d]$ artificially prom95t1 & is (t5 entirely hidd5 b5ea? ! ru% ( real recollections1 & ! creations ( dramatic p[]4 ,ab/ractions v5ture & tru/ !mselves among realities1 & = ! "t are =gott54 ,a "n1 a real p]son1 a hi/oric passage1 a lam5t or d5unciation1 a trag$y ( actual life1 a leg5d ( classic times1 ! =tunes ( fri5ds--! /ory ( ,francesca or ,ugol9o1 ! fate ( ,buonconte's corpse1 ! apology ( ,pi] delle ,vigne1 ! epitaph ( ,madonna ,pia1 ,ulysses' we/]n voyage1 ! m>* ( ,roman hi/ory--appe> & absorb = !mselves all int]e/3 or else x is a philosophical speculation1 or a !ory ( morality1 or a case ( consci5ce--n inde$ ali5 f ! ma9 subject1 yet indep5d5t ( ! allegory1 & n translateable into any new mean+--/&+ on _! own gr\nd1 work$ out ea* accord+ to its own law2 b !y d n di/urb ! ma9 c\rse ( ! poet's ?\ght1 :o grasps & pa9ts ea* detail ( human life 9 its own peculi>ity1 :ile he sees 9 ea* a significance & int]e/ beyond itself4 ,he does n /op 9 ea* case to tell u s1 b he makes x felt4 ,! tale ends1 ! individual disappe>s1 & ! great allegory resumes its c\rse4 ,x is l "o ( ^? great musical compositions :i* alone seem capable ( adequately express+1 9 a limit$ "t1 a c\rse ( unfold+ & *ange1 9 an idea1 a c>e]1 a life1 a society--:]e "o great ?\ght pr$om9ates1 recurs1 gives col\r & mean+1 & =ms ! unity ( ! :ole1 yet passes ?r\gh _m %ades & transitions2 is at "o "t def9ite1 at ano!r sugge/ive & my/]i\s2 incorporat+ & giv+ free place & play to airs & melodies ev5 ( an ali5 ca/2 /rik+ (f abruptly f its expect$ road1 b )\t ev] los+ itself1 )\t break+ its true cont9uity1 or fail+ ( its complet5ess4 ,?is !n seems to u ! end & purpose ( ! ,comm$ia2--to produce on ! m9d a s5se ( ! judgm5ts ( ,god1 analog\s to t produc$ by ,scripture itself4 ,!y are pres5t$ to u 9 ! ,bible 9 %apes :i* address !mselves prim>ily to ! he>t & consci5ce1 & seek n c>efully to expla9 !mselves4 ,!y are lik5$ to ! great deep1 to ! /rong m\nta9s--va/ & awful1 b abrupt & incomplete1 z ! huge1 brok51 rugg$ piles & *a9s ( m\nta9s4 ,& we see !m ?r\gh cl\d & mi/1 9 %apes only approximat+ to ! true ones4 ,/ill !y impress u deeply & truly1 (t5 ! m deeply because unconsci\sly4 ,a "*1 an ev5t1 a ^w1 isolat$ & unexpla9$1 /amps its mean+ ineffaceably1 ?\gh ev] a matt] ( "q & wond]2 x may be d>k to ! intellect1 yet ! consci5ce und]/&s x1 (t5 b too well4 ,9 su* sugge/ive ways is ! ,div9e gov]nm5t = ! mo/ "p put be=e u 9 ! ,bible--ways :i* d n satisfy ! und]/&+1 b :i* fill u ) a s5se ( reality4 ,& x seems to h be5 by m$itat+ on !m1 :i* he c]ta9ly did1 mu* & ?\ghtfully--& on ! inf9ite v>iety ( simil> ways 9 :i* ! /ronge/ impressions are convey$ to u 9 ord9>y life1 by means %ort ( cle> & di/9ct explanation--by looks1 by images1 by s\nds1 by motions1 by remote allusion & brok5 words1 t ,dante 0 l$ to *oose s new & rem>kable a mode ( convey+ to 8 c\ntrym5 8 ?\ghts & feel+s & pres5tim5ts ab\t ! my/]y ( ,god's c\nsel4 ,! ,bible tea*es u by means ( real hi/ory1 trac$ s f> z is necess>y along its real c\rse4 ,! poet expresses 8 view ( ! _w also 9 real hi/ory1 b c>ri$ on into figure4 ,! poetry ) :i* ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* _h be5 in/9ct f ! beg9n+1 conv]ges & is ga!r$ up 9 ! ,comm$ia4 ,! fai? _h e>ly %[n its poetical aspect4 ,x is sup]flu\s to dwell on ?is1 = x is ! *>ge aga9/ anci5t tea*+ t x 0 too l>ge & imag9ative4 ,x soon began to try rude essays 9 sculpture & mosaic3 express$ its feel+ ( nature 9 v]se & prose1 rudely also1 b (t5 ) orig9ality & =ce2 & op5$ a new ve9 ( poetry 9 ! ?\ghts1 hopes1 & aspirations ( reg5]ate man4 ,mod]n poetry mu/ g back1 = _m ( its deepe/ & mo/ p[]ful s\rces1 to ! writ+s ( ! ,fa!rs1 & _! foll[]s ( ! ,s*ool4 ,! ,*ur* fur!r _h a poetry ( its own1 besides ! poetry ( lit]ature2 x _h ! poetry ( devotion--! ,psalt] *ant$ daily1 9 a new language & a new mean+2 & t wond]ful body ( hymns1 to :i* age aft] age _h contribut$ its (f]+1 f ! ,ambrosian hymns to ! ,v5i1 ,sancte ,spiritus ( a k+ ( ,france1 ! ,pange l+ua ( ,?omas ,aqu9as1 ! ,dies ir1 & ,/abat ,mat]1 ( ! two ,franciscan bre?r51 ,?omas ( ,celano1 & ,jacopone4#id ,! elem5ts & fragm5ts ( poetry 7 ev]y:]e 9 ! ,*ur*--9 h] ideas ( life1 9 h] rules & in/itutions = pass+ ?r\gh x1 9 h] prep>ation = dea?1 9 h] (fices1 c]emonial1 celebrations1 usages1 h] consecration ( dome/ic1 lit]>y1 comm]cial1 civic1 milit>y1 political life1 ! mean+s & ends %e _h giv5 !m1 ! religi\s s]i\sness ) :i* ! =ms ( ea* 7 dignifi$--9 h] doctr9e1 & h] dogmatic sy/em--h] dep5d5ce on ! unse5 _w--h] ,bible4 ,f ea* & all ( ^!1 & f t public feel+1 :i*1 if x express$ itself b abruptly & incoh]5tly1 0 q alive to ! poetry :i* surr\nd$ x1 ! poet receiv$ due impressions ( greatness & beauty1 ( joy & dread4 ,!n ! poetry ( ,*ri/ian religion & ,*ri/ian temp]1 hi!rto disp]s$1 or manife/$ 9 act only1 f\nd its full & di/9ct utt]ance1 n unwor?y to rank 9 gr&eur1 9 music1 9 su/a9$ /r5g?1 ) ! la/ noble voices f expir+ ,hea!nism4 ,footnote #id3 ,tr5*1 ,sacr$ ,lat9 ,poetry1 #ahdi4 ,b a long int]val _h pass$ s9ce !n4 ,! ,comm$ia fir/ disclos$ to ,*ri/ian & mod]n ,europe t x 0 to h a lit]ature ( its own1 great & admirable1 ?\gh 9 its own language & embody+ its own ideas4 ,x 0 z if1 at "s ( ! anci5t games1 a /rang] _h appe>$ ^u ! pla91 & ?r[n 8 quoit among ! m>ks ( =m] ca/s1 :i* tradition _h ascrib$ to ! demi-gods4#ie ,we are s accu/om$ to ! excell5t & v>i$ lit]ature ( mod]n times1 s orig9al1 s p]fect 9 =m & ri* 9 ?\ght1 s expressive ( all our s5tim5ts1 meet+ s completely our wants1 fulfill+ our ideas1 t we c sc>cely imag9e ! "t :5 ?is condition 0 new--:5 society 0 behold5 to a =eign language = ! expon5ts ( its highe/ ?\ghts & feel+s4 ,b s x 0 :5 ,dante wrote4 ,! great poets1 hi/orians1 philosoph]s ( 8 day1 ! la/ great works ( intellect1 belong$ to old ,rome1 & ! ,lat9 language4 ,s wond]ful & prolong$ 0 ! fasc9ation ( ,rome4 ,m5 /ill liv$ "u its influ5ce2 believ$ t ! ,lat9 language 0 ! p]fect & p]man5t in/rum5t ( ?\ght 9 its highe/ =ms1 ! only expression ( ref9em5t & civilisation2 & _h n conceiv$ ! hope t _! own dialects c\ld ev] rise to su* heights ( dignity & p[]4 ,lat91 :i* _h en*as$ & pres]v$ su* preci\s rema9s ( anci5t wisdom1 0 n[ %ackl+ ! liv+ m9d 9 its ef=ts4 ,m5 imag9$ t !y 7 /ill us+ x naturally on all high !mes & solemn bus9ess2 b ?\gh !y us$ x ) facility1 x 0 no long] natural2 x _h lo/ ! ela/icity ( life1 & _h become 9 _! h&s a /iff5$ & di/ort$1 ?\gh /ill p[]ful1 in/rum5t4 ,! v use ( ! ^w lat9o 9 ! writ]s ( ?is p]iod1 to express :at is cle> & philosophical 9 language1#if :ile x %[s _! deep rev]5ce = x1 %[s h[ ,lat9 civilisation 0 no long] _! own1 h[ x _h ins5sibly become an ext]nal & =eign elem5t4 ,b !y f\nd x v h>d to resign _! claim to a %>e 9 its glories2 ) no?+ ( _! own to mat* aga9/ x1 !y /ill delight$ to speak ( x z our language1 or its writ]s z our poets1 our hi/orians4#ig ,footnote #ie3 ,hallam's ,middle ,ages1 c4 ix4 vol4 iii4 p4 #efc4 ,footnote #if3 ,p>ad4 #c1 #ab1 #ag4 ,convit4 p4 #ajh4 ,a pi ,lat9am5te v$]e la s5t5za lett]ale4 ,footnote #ig3 ,vid4 ! ,de ,mon>*ia4 ,! spell 0 inde$ beg9n+ to break4 ,guido ,cavalcanti1 ,dante's /range1 /]n1 speculative fri5d1 :o is "o ( ! fa!rs ( ! ,italian language1 is *>act]is$ 9 ! ,comm$ia#ih by 8 scornful dislike ( ,lat91 ev5 9 ! m\? ( ,virgil4 ,yet ,dante himself1 ! great ass]tor1 by argum5t & example1 ( ! p[]s ( ! ,vulg> tongue1 once d>$ n to ?9k t ! ,vulg> tongue c\ld be o!r to ! ,lat91 ?an z a subject to 8 sov]eign4 ,he 0 bold] :5 he wrote ,de ,vulg>i ,eloquio3 b 9 ! e>li] ,convito1 :ile plead+ e>ne/ly = ! beauty ( ! ,italian1 he yields ) rev]5ce ! fir/ place to ! ,lat9--= nobl5ess1 because ! ,lat9 is p]man5t1 & ! ,vulg> subject to fluctuation & corruption2 = p[]1 because ! ,lat9 c express conceptions to :i* ! ,vulg> is unequal2 = beauty1 because ! /ructure ( ! ,lat9 is a ma/]ly arrangem5t ( sci5tific art1 & ! beauty ( ! ,vulg> dep5ds on m]e use4#ii ,! v title ( 8 poem1 ! ,comm$ia1 conta9s 9 x a homage to ! l(ty claims ( ! ,lat94 ,x is call$ a ,com$y1 & n ,trag$y1 he says1 aft] a m>vell\s acc\nt ( ! ess5ce & etymology ( ! two1 fir/1 because x beg9s sadly1 & ends joyfully2 & next1 because ( its language1 t humble spee* ( ord9>y life1 9 :i* ev5 wom5 conv]se4#ajj ,footnote #ih3 ,inf4 #aj1 & comp>e ! ,vit4 ,n4 p4 #ccd1 ed4 ,fraticelli4 ,footnote #ii3 ,convito1 i4 #e4 ,footnote #ajj3 ,ep4 ad ,kan ,gr&4 #i1--;a curi\s specim5 ( ! le>n+ ( ! "t3 ,sci5dum e/1 quod ,como$ia dicitur a ,greek3 km1 villa et ,greek3 d1 quod e/ cantus1 unde ,como$ia quasi villanus cantus4 ,et e/ ,como$ia g5us quoddam poetic n>rationis1 ab omnibus aliis diff]5s4 ,diff]t ergo a ,trago$ia 9 mat]ia p] hoc1 quod ,trago$ia 9 pr9cipio e/ admirabilis et quieta1 9 f9e foetida et horribilis2 et dicitur propt] hoc a ,greek3 tragos1 i4e4 hircus1 et ,greek3 d1 quasi cantus hirc9us1 i4e4 foetidus ad modum hirci1 ut patet p] ,s5ecam 9 suis trago$iis4 ,como$ia v]o in*oat asp]itatem alicujus rei1 s$ ejus mat]ia prosp]e t]m9atur1 ut patet p] ,t]5tium 9 suis ,como$iis4444 ,similit] diff]unt 9 modo loqu5di2 elate et sublime ,trago$ia1 ,como$ia v]o remisse et humilit] sicut vult ,horat4 9 ,pot4444 ,et p] hoc patet1 quod ,como$ia dicit] prs5s opus4 ,nam si ad mat]iam respiciamus1 a pr9cipio horribilis et foetida e/1 quia ,inf]nus3 9 f9e prosp]a1 desid]abilis et grata1 quia ,p>adisus4 ,si ad modum loqu5di1 remissus e/ modus et humilis1 quia locutio ,vulg>is1 9 qua et muli]cul communicant4 ,et sic patet quia ,como$ia dicitur4 ,cf4 de ,vulg4 ,eloq4 #b1 #d1 ,p>ad4 #cj4 ,he calls ! neid1 l'alta ,trag$ia1 ,inf4 #bj1 #aac4 ,comp>e also ,boccaccio's explanation ( 8 "m's dream ( ! peacock4 ,dante1 he says1 is l ! ,peacock1 among o!r reasons1 because ! peacock has co>se feet1 & a quiet gait2 & ! vulg> language1 on :i* ! ,comm$ia supports itself1 is co>se 9 comp>ison ) ! high & ma/]ly lit]>y /yle :i* e o!r poet uses1 ?\gh x be m beautiful ?an o!rs1 be+ 9 con=mity ) mod]n m9ds4 ,! quiet gait signifies ! humility ( ! /yle1 :i* is necess>ily requir$ 9 ,comm$ia1 z ^? "k :o und]/& :at is meant by ,comm$ia4 ,he hon\r$ ! ,lat91 b 8 love 0 = ! ,italian4 ,he 0 its *ampion1 & indignant def5d] aga9/ ! depreciation ( ignorance & fa%ion4 ,confid5t ( its p[] & jeal\s ( its beauty1 he p\rs =? 8 fi]ce scorn on ! bl9d /upidity1 ! affectation1 ! va9 glory1 ! envy1 & above all1 ! c[>dice ( ,italians :o held lightly _! "m tongue4 ,_m1 he says1 aft] enum]at+ ! o!r (f5d]s1 f ?is pusillanimity & c[>dice disp>age _! own language1 & exalt t ( o!rs2 & ( ?is sort are ^? hateful da/>ds ( ,italy--abbom9evoli cattivi d',italia--:o ?9k vilely ( t preci\s language2 :i*1 if x is vile 9 any?+1 is vile only s f> z x s\nds 9 ! pro/itut$ m\? ( ^! adult]]s4#aja ,he not$ & comp>$ its v>i\s dialects2 he ass]t$ its capabilities n only 9 v]se1 b 9 expressive1 flexible1 & maje/ic prose4 ,& to ! delib]ate admiration ( ! critic & ! man1 7 add$ ! homely b de> associations1 :i* no language c %>e ) t ( e>ly days4 ,italian _h be5 ! language ( 8 p>5ts--,que/o mio ,volg>e fu il congiugnitore delli miei g5]anti1 *e con esso p>lavano--& fur!r1 x 0 ?is mod]n language1 que/o mio ,volg>e1 :i* op5$ to him ! way ( k1 :i* _h introduc$ him to ,lat91 & ! sci5ces :i* x conta9$4 ,x 0 8 b5efactor & guide--he p]sonifies x--& 8 boyi% fri5d%ip _h gr[n /rong] & m intimate by mutual good (fices4 ,!re has also be5 betwe5 u ! goodwill ( int]c\rse2 = f ! beg9n+ ( my life ,i h _h ) x k9dness & conv]sation1 & h us$ x1 delib]at+1 int]pret+1 & que/ion+2 s t1 if fri5d%ip gr[s ) use1 x is evid5t h[ x mu/ h gr[n 9 me4#ajb ,footnote #aja3 ,convito1 i4 #aa4 ,footnote #ajb3 ,convito1 i4 #ac4 ,f ?is language he exact$ a h>d trial2--a "w :i* %\ld rank ) ! anci5t works4 ,none su* _h appe>$2 none _h ev5 advanc$ su* a pret5sion4 ,n t x 0 a "t dead to lit]ature or lit]>y ambition4 ,poets & hi/orians _h writt51 & 7 writ+ 9 ,italian4 ,! same ye> ( jubilee :i* fix$ itself s deeply 9 ,dante's m9d1 & became ! epo* ( 8 vision--! same sc5e ( ,roman greatness 9 its decay1 :i* aft]w>ds sugge/$ to ,gibbon ! ,decl9e & ,fall1 prompt$1 9 ! fa!r ( ,italian hi/ory1 ! desire to foll[ 9 ! /eps ( ,sallu/ & ,livy1 & prep>e ! way = ,ma*iavelli & ,guicci>d9i1 ,davila1 & ,fra ,paolo4#ajc ,poetry _h be5 cultivat$ 9 ! ,roman languages ( ! ,we/--9 ,aquita9e & ,prov5ce1 especially--= m ?an two c5turies2 & lately1 ) _s & success1 9 ,italian4 ,names _h become popul>1 reputations _h ris5 & wan$1 v]ses circulat$ & 7 criticis$1 & ev5 desc5d$ f ! high & ref9$ circles to ! work%op4 ,a /ory is told ( ,dante's indignation1 :5 he he>d ! canzoni :i* _h *>m$ ! ,flor5t9e ladies mangl$ by ! rude en?usiasm ( a blacksmi? at 8 =ge4#ajd ,lit]ature 0 a gr[+ fa%ion2 b x 0 humble 9 its aspirations & ef=ts4 ,m5 wrote l *ildr51 surpris$ & pleas$ ) _! success2 yet all[+ !mselves 9 m]e amusem5t1 because consci\s ( weakness :i* !y c\ld n cure4 ,footnote #ajc3 ,g4 ,villani 0 at ,rome 9 ! ye> ( jubilee #acjj1 & describes ! great conc\rse & ord] ( ! pilgrims1 :om he reckons at #bjj1jjj1 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>4 ,& ,i1 he proce$s1 f9d+ myself 9 t bless$ pilgrimage 9 ! holy city ( ,rome1 see+ ! great & anci5t ?+s ( ! same1 & read+ ! hi/ories ( ! great de$s ( ! ,romans1 writt5 by ,virgil1 & by ,sallu/1 & ,lucan1 & ,titus ,livius1 & ,val]ius1 & ,paulus ,orosius1 & o!r ma/]s ( hi/ories1 :o wrote z well ( ! small] matt]s z ( ! great]1 conc]n+ ! exploits & de$s ( ! ,romans2 & fur!r1 ( ! /range ?+s ( ! :ole _w1 = memory & example's sake to ^? :o %\ld come aft]--,i1 too1 took _! /yle & fa%ion1 albeit t1 z _! s*ol>1 ,i be n wor?y to execute su* a "w4 ,b1 consid]+ t our city ( ,flor5ce1 ! daught] & creation ( ,rome1 0 9 its ris+1 & on ! eve ( a*iev+ great ?+s1 z ,rome 0 9 its decl9e1 x seem$ to me conv5i5t to br+ into ?is volume & new *ronicle all ! de$s & beg9n+s ( ! city ( ,flor5ce1 s f> z ,i h be5 able to ga!r & recov] !m2 & = ! future1 to foll[ at l>ge ! do+s ( ! ,flor5t9es1 & ! o!r notable ?+s ( ! _w briefly1 z long z x may be ,god's pleasure2 "u :i* hope1 r by 8 grace ?an by my poor sci5ce1 ,i ent]$ on ?is ent]prise3 & s1 9 ! ye> #acjj1 be+ return$ f ,rome1 ,i began to compile ?is book1 9 rev]5ce t[>ds ,god & ,/4 ,john1 & comm5dation ( our city ( ,flor5ce4--,g4 ,vill4 viii4 #cf4 ,footnote #ajd3 ,sac*etti1 ,nov4 #aad4 ,dante1 by ! ,div9a ,comm$ia1 0 ! re/or] ( s]i\sness 9 lit]ature4 ,he 0 s1 by ! magnitude & pret5sions ( 8 "w1 & by ! e>ne/ness ( its _s4 ,he fir/ broke ?r\gh ! prescription :i* _h conf9$ great works to ! ,lat91 & ! fai?less prejudices :i*1 9 ! language ( society1 c\ld see p[]s fitt$ = no high] task ?an t ( express+1 9 curi\sly div]sifi$ =ms1 its mo/ ord9>y feel+s4 ,b he did mu* m4 ,lit]ature 0 go+ a/ray 9 its tone1 :ile gr[+ 9 importance2 ! ,comm$ia *eck$ x4 ,! ,prov5al & ,italian poetry 01 ) ! exception ( "s pieces ( political satire1 almo/ exclusively amatory1 9 ! mo/ fanta/ic & affect$ fa%ion4 ,9 expression1 x _h n ev5 ! m]it ( be+ natural2 9 purpose x 0 trifl+2 9 ! _s :i* x enc\rag$1 x 0 some?+ worse4 ,d\btless x br\ght a degree ( ref9em5t ) x1 b x 0 ref9em5t pur*as$ at a high price1 by intellectual di/ortion1 & moral ins5sibility4 ,b ?is 0 n all4 ,! brilliant age ( ,fr$]ick ,,ii41 = su* x 01 0 deeply m9$ by religi\s unbelief4 ,h[ev] /range ?is *>ge fir/ s\nds aga9/ ! ?irte5? c5tury1 no "o c look at all closely into its hi/ory1 at lea/ 9 ,italy1 )\t see+ t ! idea ( infidelity--n h]esy1 b infidelity--0 q a famili> "o2 & t side by side ) ! !ology ( ,aqu9as & ,bonav5tura1 !re 0 work+ among ^? :o influ5c$ fa%ion & op9ion1 among ! great m51 & ! m5 to :om le>n+ 0 a pr(ession1 a _s ( scepticism & irreligion almo/ mon/r\s = its "t1 :i* f\nd its c\nt5ance 9 ,fr$]ick's ref9$ & enlight5$ c\rt4 ,! g5ius ( ! great doctors might h kept 9 safety ! ,lat9 ,s*ools1 b n ! free & home ?\ghts :i* f\nd utt]ance 9 ! language ( ! p1 if ! solemn beauty ( ! ,italian ,comm$ia _h n seiz$ on all m9ds4 ,x w\ld h be5 an evil ?+ = ,italian1 p]haps = ,european lit]ature1 if ! sir5 tales ( ! ,decam]on _h be5 ! fir/ to occupy ! e> ) ! *>ms ( a new language4 ,dante has _h h>d measure1 & f "s :o are mo/ behold5 to him4 ,no "o 9 8 day s]v$ ! ,*ur* m highly1 ?an he ^: fai? & g5ius secur$ on h] side ! fir/ great bur/ ( imag9ation & feel+1 ! fir/ p]fect acc5ts ( mod]n spee*4 ,! fir/-fruits ( ! new lit]ature 7 consecrat$1 & (f]$ up4 ,!re 0 no necessity1 or ev5 probability 9 ,italy 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury t x %\ld be s1 z !re might p]haps h be5 e>li]4 ,x 0 ! poet's free act--free 9 "o1 = :om nature & hea!n le>n+ _h /rong temptations--t religion 0 ! lesson & influ5ce ( ! great popul> "w ( ! "t4 ,t :i* he held up be=e m5's awak5$ & captivat$ m9ds1 0 ! v]ity ( ,god's moral gov]nm5t4 ,to r\se !m to a s5se ( ! my/]y ( _! /ate2 to />tle _! commonplace notions ( s9 into an imag9ation ( its v>iety1 its magnitude1 & its inf9ite %apes & degrees2 to op5 _! eyes to ! beauty ( ! ,*ri/ian temp]1 bo? z suff]+ & z consummat$2 to tea* !m at once ! fai?fulness & awful fre5ess ( ,god's grace2 to help ! dull & lagg+ s\l to conceive ! possibility1 9 its own case1 ( ris+ /ep by /ep 9 joy )\t an end--( a felicity n unimag9able by man1 ?\gh ( ano!r ord] f ! highe/ p]fection ( e>?2--?is is ! poet's end4 ,nor 0 x only vague religi\s feel+s :i* he wi%$ to excite4 ,he br\ght )9 ! circle ( common ?\ght1 & translat$ into ! language ( ! multitude1 :at ! ,s*ools _h done to ?r[ light on ! deep que/ions ( human exi/5ce1 :i* all are fa9 to muse ^u1 ?\gh none c solve4 ,he :o _h op5$ s mu* ( m5's he>ts to !mselves1 op5$ to !m also t secret sympa?y :i* exi/s betwe5 !m & ! great my/]ies ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e4#aje ,he did ! "w1 9 8 day1 ( a great prea*]4 ,yet he has be5 bo? claim$ & condemn$1 z a di/urb] ( ! ,*ur*'s fai?4 ,footnote #aje3 ,vide ,ozanam4 ,he c]ta9ly did n sp>e ! ,*ur*'s rul]s4 ,he ?\ght !y 7 betray+ ! mo/ sacr$ ( all tru/s2 & if hi/ory is at all to be reli$ on1 he _h "s gr\nds = ?9k+ s4 ,b x is confus+ ! feel+s ( ! middle ages ) our own1 to conv]t e fi]ce attack on ! ,popes into an anticipation ( ,lu!r4 ,/rong language ( ?is sort 0 f> too commonplace to be s significant4 ,no age is bl9d to practical abuses1 or sil5t on !m2 & :5 ! middle ages compla9$1 !y did s ) a full-voic$ & clamor\s rhetoric1 :i* gre$ily seiz$ on e topic ( vilification )9 its rea*4 ,x 0 f> less s+ul>1 & f> less bold1 to criticise ecclesia/ical au?orities1 ?an is (t5 suppos$2 b x by no means impli$ unsettl$ fai?1 or a revolution>y design4 ,9 ,dante's case1 if words h any mean+--n words ( delib]ate qualification1 b 8 unprem$itat$ & incid5tal expressions--8 fai? 9 ! ,div9e mission & spiritual p[]s ( ! ,popes 0 z /rong z 8 abhorr5ce ( _! deg5]acy1 & desire to see x correct$ by a p[] :i* !y w\ld respect--t ( ! temporal sword4 ,x w\ld be to mi/ake altoge!r 8 "*1 to imag9e ( him1 ei!r z a fault or z an excell5ce1 t he 0 a d\bt]4 ,x might z well be suppos$ ( ,aqu9as4 ,no "o ev] ackn[l$g$ ) great] s]i\sness1 z a fact 9 8 position 9 ! _w1 ! agreem5t 9 fai? among ^? ) :om he 0 born4 ,no "o ev] incl9$ ) m simplicity & rev]5ce be=e t long communion & cons5t 9 feel+ & purpose1 ! publicus s5sus ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,he did feel difficulties2 b ! excitem5t ( l+]+ on !m 0 n among 8 enjoym5ts4 ,t 0 ! lot ( ! hea!n2 ,virgil1 made wise by dea?1 c\nsels him n to desire x3 ,matto *i sp]a1 *e no/ra ragione ,possa trascorr] la 'nf9ita via ,*e ti5e una su/anzia 9 tre ,p]sone4 ,/ate cont5ti1 umana g5te1 al quia2 ,* se potuto ave/e v$] tutto1 ,me/i] non era p>torir ,m>ia3 ,e disi> v$e/e s5za frutto ,tai1 *e s>ebbe lor disio quetato1 ,*'et]nam5te dato lor p] lutto2 ,i' dico d',ari/otile e di ,plato1 ,e di molti altri3--e qui *9 la fronte1 ,e pi non disse1 e rimase turbato4--,purg4 c4 #c4ajf ,footnote #ajf3 ,ins5sate he1 :o ?9ks ) mortal k5 ,to pi]ce ,inf9itude1 :i* do? enfold ,?ree ,p]sons 9 "o ,sub/ance4 ,seek n !n1 ,o mortal race1 = reasons--b believe1 ,& be cont5t$2 = _h all be5 se51 ,no ne$ !re 0 = ,m>y to conceive4 ,m5 h ye kn[n1 :o ?us desir$ 9 va92 ,& ^: desires1 t might at re/ h be51 ,n[ con/itute a s\rce ( endless pa92 ,plato1 ! ,/agirite2 & _m m1 ,i "h allude to2--!n 8 head he b5t1 ,0 sil5t1 & a tr\bl$ aspect wore4--,,wright4 ,! ,*ri/ian poet felt t x 0 great] to believe & to act4 ,9 ! d>kness ( ! _w "o bright light appe>$1 & he foll[$ x4 ,provid5ce _h assign$ him 8 portion ( tru?1 8 portion ( daily bread2 if to u x appe>s bl5d$ ) human elem5ts1 x is p]fectly cle> t he 0 9 no position to sift !m4 ,to *oose 0 no trial ( 84 ,to exam9e & seek1 :]e x 0 impossible to f9d1 w\ld h be5 folly4 ,! au?ority f :i* he />t$ _h n yet be5 s]i\sly que/ion$2 !re 7 no palpable signs ( d\btfulness on ! sy/em :i* 0 to him ! repres5tative ( ,god's w2 & he s\ght = none4 ,x came to him claim+ 8 allegiance by cu/om1 by univ]sality1 by its complet5ess z a :ole1 & satisfy+ 8 intellect & 8 sympa?ies 9 detail4 ,& he gave 8 allegiance--reasonably1 because !re 0 no?+ to hope = 9 d\bt+--wisely1 because he gave x loyally & f 8 he>t4 ,& he _h 8 rew>d--! rew>d ( him :o ?r[s himself ) frankness & e>ne/ness into a sy/em2 :o is n afraid or suspici\s ( x2 :o is n unfai?ful to x4 ,he ga9$ n m]ely p[]--he ga9$ t fre$om & l>g5ess ( m9d :i* ! suspici\s or ! unfai?ful miss4 ,8 loyalty to ! ,*ur* 0 no cramp+ or bl9d+ s]vice2 x left to its full play t fre% & orig9al m9d1 left x to range at w 9 all hi/ory & all nature = ! traces ( ,et]nal wisdom1 left x to please itself ) all beauty1 & pay its homage to all excell5ce4 ,= ^u all wisdom1 beauty1 & excell5ce1 ! ,*ur* _h taught him to see1 9 v>i\s & duly di/+ui%$ degrees1 ! seal ( ! "o ,creator4 ,%e imp>ts to ! poem1 to its =m & progressive developm5t1 h] own solemnity1 h] awe1 h] calm1 h] s]5ity & joy2 x foll[s h] sacr$ seasons & h\rs2 repeats h] appo9t$ words ( b5$iction & praise2 m\lds itself on h] belief1 h] expectations1 & =eca/+s4#ajg ,h] intimations1 m or less di/9ct1 dogma or tradition or vague h9t1 guide ! poet's imag9ation ?r\gh ! l& :]e all eyes are op54 ,! j\rney beg9s "u ! ,ea/] moon ( ! ye> ( jubilee1 on ! ev5+ ( ,good ,friday2 ! days ( h] m\rn+ he sp5ds 9 ! regions ( woe1 :]e none d>es to pron\nce ! "n ( ! ,r$eem]1 & he issues =? to behold aga9 ! />s1 to le>n h[ to die to s9 & rise to righte\sness1 v e>ly 9 ! morn+1 z x beg9s to dawn1 on ! day ( ! ,resurrection4 ,! :ole arrangem5t ( ! ,purgatorio is drawn f ,*ur* usages4 ,x is a picture ( m5 suff]+ 9 calm & holy hope ! %>p discipl9e ( rep5tance1 amid ! pray]s1 ! melodies1 ! consol+ images & ?\ghts1 ! ord]ly ritual1 ! h\rs ( devotion1 ! sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur* militant4 ,:5 he asc5ds 9 8 h>die/ flight1 & imag9es ! joys ( ! p]fect & ! vision ( ,god1 8 abundant fancy conf9es itself /rictly to ! limits sanction$ by h] fam\s tea*]s--v5tures into no new sph]e1 haz>ds no anticipations 9 :i* !y h n prec$$ x1 & is cont5t ) add+ to ! poetry :i* x elicits f _! ideas1 a beauty :i* x is able to conceive ap>t altoge!r f bodily =m--! beauty1 inf9ite 9 its v>iety1 ( ! expression ( ! human eye & smile--! beauty ( light1 ( s\nd1 ( motion4 ,& :5 8 song m\nts to its la/ /ra9 ( triumph1 & ! poet's ?\ght1 imag9ation1 & feel+ ( beauty1 task$ to ! utmo/1 nor fail+ "u ! weight ( glory :i* !y h to express1 brea! !mselves =? 9 words1 high] ?an :i* no poetry has ev] ris51 & repres5t1 9 images transc5d+ s5se1 & baffl+ x1 yet miss+ n "o ( ^? deep & transport+ sympa?ies :i* !y 7 to t\*1 ! sight1 eye to eye1 ( ! ,creator by ! creature--he beholds ! ga!r+ toge!r1 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god1 ( all t f our e>? has to ! skies return$1 & ( ! c\ntless ord]s ( _! ?rones mirror$ 9 ,8 light-- ,mira ,quanto 'l conv5to delle bian*e /ole-- "u a figure already tak5 into ! c]emonial ( ! ,*ur*--! my/ic ,rose1 ^: exp&+ leaves image =? ! joy ( ! heav5ly ,j]usalem1 bo? triumphant & militant4#ajh ,footnote #ajg3 ,see an article 9 ! ,brit4 ,critic1 ,no4 #fe1 p4 #abj4 ,footnote #ajh3 ,see ! =m ( b5$iction ( ! ,rosa d'oro4 ,rituum ,ecclesi ,rom4 ,libri ,tres4 fol4 xxxv4 ,v5et4 #aeaf4 ,=m ( giv+3 ,accipe rosam de manibus no/ris 444 p] quam designatus gaudium utriusque ,hi]usalem triumphantis scilicet et militantis ecclesi p] quam omnibus ,*ri/i fidelibus manife/atur flos ipse pretiosissimus qui e/ gaudium et corona sanctorum omnium4 ,he alludes to x 9 ! ,convito1 iv4 #bi4 ,o ispl5dor di ,dio1 p] cu' io vidi ,l'alto trionfo del regno v]ace1 ,dammi virt a dir com'io lo vidi4 ,lume lass1 *e visibile face ,lo creatore a quella creatura1 ,*e solo 9 lui v$]e ha la sua pace3 ,e si di/5de 9 circul> figura ,9 tanto1 *e la sua circonf]5za ,s>ebbe al ,sol troppo l>ga c9tura4 99 99 99 99 ,e come clivo 9 acqua di suo imo ,si spec*ia quasi p] v$]si adorno1 ,quanto nel v]de e ne' fioretti opimo2 ,s sopra/&o al lume intorno intorno ,vidi spec*i>si 9 pi di mille soglie1 ,quanto di noi lass fatto ha ritorno4 ,e se l'infimo grado 9 s raccoglie ,s gr&e lume1 quant' la l>ghezza ,di que/a rosa nell'e/reme foglie8 99 99 99 99 ,nel giallo della rosa sempit]na1 ,*e si dilata1 rigrada1 e r$ole ,odor di lode al ,sol1 *e sempre v]na1 ,qual' colui1 *e tace e dic] vuole1 ,mi trasse ,beatrice1 e disse2 mira ,quanto 'l conv5to delle bian*e /ole6 ,v$i no/ra ,citt quanto ella gira6 ,v$i li no/ri scanni s ripi5i1 ,*e poca g5te omai ci si disira4 99 99 99 99 ,9 =ma dunque di c&ida rosa ,mi si mo/rava la milizia santa1 ,*e nel suo sangue ,cri/o fece sposa4--,p>ad4 #cj1 #ca4 ,b ?is univ]sal ref]5ce to ! religi\s ideas ( ! ,*ur* is s natural1 s unaffect$1 t x leaves him at full lib]ty 9 o!r ord]s ( ?\ght4 ,he c af=d n to be conv5tional--he c af=d to be compreh5sive & g5u9e4 ,x has be5 rem>k$ h[1 9 a poem :]e !re w\ld seem to be a fitt+ place = !m1 ! ecclesia/ical leg5ds ( ! middle ages are almo/ entirely abs5t4 ,! sa9t$ spirits ( ! ,p>adiso are n exclusively or *iefly ! ,sa9ts ( popul> devotion4 ,aft] ! ,sa9ts ( ! ,bible1 ! holy wom51 ! ?ree great ,apo/les1 ! ,virg9 "m1 !y are ei!r names p]sonally de> to ! poet himself1 fri5ds :om he _h lov$1 & tea*]s to :om he ow$ wisdom--or great m5 ( mascul9e en]gy 9 ?\ght or action1 9 _! v>i\s l9es comp5sations & antagoni/s ( ! _w's evils--,ju/9ian & ,con/ant9e1 & ,*>lemagne--! f\nd]s ( ! ,ord]s1 ,augu/9e1 ,b5$ict1 & ,b]n>d1 ,francis & ,dom9ic--! great doctors ( ! ,s*ools1 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 & ,bonav5tura1 :om ! ,*ur* _h n yet canoniz$4 ,& ) !m are jo9$--& t ) a full consci\sness ( ! l9e :i* !ology draws betwe5 ! disp5sations ( nature & grace--"s r>e types ( virtue among ! hea!n4 ,cato is admitt$ to ! outskirts ( ,purgatory2 ,trajan1 & ! righte\s k+ ( ,virgil's poem1 to ! heav5 ( ! j4#aji ,footnote #aji3 ,*i cr$]ebbe gi nel mondo errante1 ,*e ,rifo ,trojano,a 9 que/o tondo ,fosse la qu9ta delle luci sante8 ,ora conosce assai di quel1 *e 'l mondo ,v$] non pu della div9a grazia2 ,b5* sua vi/a non disc]na il fondo4--,p>ad4 c4 #bj4 ,footnote ,a3 ,rhipeus ju/issimus unus ,qui fuit 9 ,teucris1 et s]vantissimus qui4--n4 ii4 ,)\t confusion or di/urbance to ! religi\s "* ( 8 tra9 ( ?\ght1 he is able freely to subord9ate to x ! lessons & ! great recollections ( ! ,g5tile times4 ,he contemplates !m ) ! veil drawn (f f !m2 z n[ kn[n to =m b "o :ole ) ! hi/ory ( ! ,bible & ! ,*ur*1 9 ! design ( ,provid5ce4 ,he pres5ts !m 9 _! own col\rs1 z drawn by _! own writ]s--he only adds :at ,*ri/ianity seems to %[ to be _! ev5t4 ,"u ! conviction1 t ! light ( ! ,hea!n 0 a real guide f above1 call+ = v5geance 9 proportion to unfai?fulness1 or outrage done to x--,he t nurture? ! hea!n1 x is ,he t tea*e? man k--%all n ,he puni%8--! great crim9als ( pr(ane hi/ory are m+l$ ) s9n]s aga9/ ,god's reveal$ w--& t1 ) equal dramatic p[]1 ) equal feel+ ( ! greatness ( _! loss4 ,! /ory ( ! voyage ( ,ulysses is told ) z mu* vivid p[] & pa!tic int]e/ z ! tales ( ! day4#aaj ,he hon\rs unfeign$ly ! old hea!n's brave disda9 ( ease2 t _s1 ev5 to old age1 eag]1 fre%1 adv5tur\s1 & inquisitive4 ,8 fai? all[$ him to admire all t 0 beautiful & excell5t among ! hea!n1 )\t =gett+ t x fell %ort ( :at ! new gift ( ! ,gospel c alone imp>t4 ,he saw 9 x pro( t ,god _h nev] left ,8 w & law )\t _! witness among m54 ,virtue 0 virtue /ill1 ?\gh imp]fect1 & unconsecrat$--g5]osity1 l>g5ess ( s\l1 tru?1 condesc5sion1 ju/ice1 7 nev] unwor?y ( ! rev]5ce ( ,*ri/ians4 ,h5ce he uses )\t fe> or scruple ! classic elem5t4 ,! examples :i* recall to ! m9ds ( ! p5it5ts1 by s\nds & sights1 9 ! diff]5t t]races ( ,purgatory1 _! s9 & ! grace !y h to atta9 to1 come indiscrim9ately f poetry & ,scripture4 ,! sculptur$ pavem5t1 to :i* ! pr\d are oblig$ ev] to b[ d[n _! eyes1 %[s at once ! humility ( ,s4 ,m>y & ( ! ,psalmi/1 & ! condesc5sion ( ,trajan2 & else:]e ! pride ( ,nimrod & ,s5na*]ib1 ( ,niobe1 & ,cyrus4 ,! envi\s he> ! pass+ voices ( c\rtesy f sa9ts & h]oes1 & ! bur/+ cry1 l cra%+ ?und]1 ( rep5tant jeal\sy f ,ca9 & ,aglaurus2 ! av>ici\s1 to keep up ! memory ( _! fault1 celebrate by day ! pov]ty ( ,fabricius & ! lib]ality ( ,s4 ,nicolas1 & execrate by night ! gre$9ess ( ,pygmalion & ,midas1 ( ,a*an1 ,heliodorus1 & ,crassus4 ,footnote #aaj3 ,inf4 c4 #bf4 ,dante's all-survey+1 all-embrac+ m9d1 0 wor?y to op5 ! gr& procession ( mod]n poets4 ,he _h *os5 8 subject 9 a region remote f popul> ?\ght--too awful = x1 too ab/ruse4 ,he _h accept$ frankly ! dogmatic limits ( ! ,*ur*1 & ?r[n himself ) ev5 en?usia/ic fai? into h] reason+s1 at once s bold & s und\bt+--h] _s ( c]ta9ty1 & h] deep contemplations on ! unse5 & inf9ite4 ,& 9 lit]ature1 he _h tak5 z guides & models1 above all criticism & all appeal1 ! classical writ]s4 ,yet ) 8 m9d full ( ! deep & intricate que/ions ( metaphysics & !ology1 & 8 poetical ta/e always own+ allegiance to ,virgil1 ,ovid1 & ,/atius--ke5 & subtle z a ,s*oolman--z mu* an idolator ( old hea!n art & gr&eur z ! m5 ( ! ,r5aissance--8 eye is z op5 to ! delicacies ( "*1 to ! v>iety ( ext]nal nature1 to ! wond]s ( ! physical _w--8 int]e/ 9 !m z div]sifi$ & fre%1 8 impressions z %>p & di/9ct1 8 r5d]+ ( !m z free & true & =cible1 z little weak5$ or confus$ by imitation or by conv5tional words1 8 language z ela/ic1 & z completely "u 8 comm&1 8 *oice ( poetic mat]ials z unre/rict$ & orig9al1 z if he _h be5 born 9 days :i* claim z _! own su* fre$om1 & su* ke5 discrim9ative s5se ( :at is real1 9 feel+ & image2--z if he _h nev] felt ! attractions ( a crabb$ problem ( s*ola/ic logic1 or b[$ be=e ! mell[ grace ( ! ,lat9s4 ,x may be said1 inde$1 t ! "t 0 n yet come :5 ! classics c\ld be really und]/ood & appreciat$2 & ?is is true1 p]haps =tunate4 ,b admir+ !m ) a k9d ( devotion1 & %[+ n seldom t he _h caught _! _s1 he nev] attempts to copy !m4 ,8 poetry 9 =m & mat]ial is all 8 own4 ,he ass]t$ ! poet's claim to borr[ f all sci5ce1 & f e phase ( nature1 ! associations & images :i* he wants2 & he %[$ t ^? images & associations did n lose _! poetry by be+ express$ ) ! mo/ lit]al reality4 ,b let no read] ( fa/idi\s ta/e di/urb 8 temp] by ! /udy ( ,dante4 ,dante c]ta9ly op5$ t pa? ( fre$om & poetic conque/1 9 :i* ! greate/ ef=ts ( mod]n poetry h foll[$ him--op5$ x ) a magnific5ce & p[] :i* h nev] be5 surpass$4 ,b ! greate/ are b pione]s2 !y mu/ be cont5t to leave to a po/]ity1 :i* kn[s m1 if x _c d z mu*1 a ke5 & ev5 gr[+ s5se ( _! defects4 ,! ,comm$ia is op5 to all ! attacks t c be made on grotesqu5ess & extravagance4 ,?is is p>tly ow+1 d\btless1 to ! "t1 9 itself qua9t1 qua9t] to u1 by be+ remote & ill-und]/ood2 b ev5 !n1 weak] & less d>+ writ]s ?an ,dante d n equally (f5d or a/oni% u4 ,s t an image or an expression w r5d] =cibly a ?\ght1 !re is no /rang5ess :i* *ecks him4 ,b>b>\s words are introduc$1 to express ! cries ( ! demon or ! confusion ( ,babel--ev5 to repres5t ! incompreh5sible song ( ! bless$2#aaa in>ticulate syllables1 to convey ! impression ( "s natural s\nd--! cry ( sorr[ful surprise3 ,alto sospir1 *e duolo /r9se 9 hui2--,purg4 #af4 or ! noise ( ! crack+ ice3 ,se ,tab]nic* ,vi fosse s caduto1 o ,pietra-pana ,non avria pur da l'orlo fatto cric*2--,inf4 #cb4 ev5 sep>ate lett]s--to express an image1 to spell a "n1 or z us$ 9 "s popul> prov]b4#aab ,he employs )\t scruple1 & (t5 ) m>vell\s =ce ( description1 any recollection t occurs to him1 h[ev] homely1 ( ev]yday life2--! old tailor ?read+ 8 ne$le ) tr\ble 7,inf4 #ae72--! cook's assi/ant wat*+ ov] ! boil+ bro? 7,inf4 #ba72--! hurri$ or impati5t horse-groom us+ 8 curry-comb 7,inf4 #bi72--or ! common sights ( ! /reet or ! *amb]--! wet wood sputt]+ on ! he>?3 ,come d'un /izzo v]de *e arso sia ,dall'un de' capi1 *e dall'altro geme ,e cigola p] v5to *e va via2--,inf4 #ac4aac ! pap] *ang+ col\r :5 ab\t to cat* fire3 ,come proc$e innanzi dall'ardore ,p] lo papiro suso un color bruno ,*e non n]o ancora1 e 'l bianco muore3--,inf4 #be4aad ! /eam+ ( ! h& :5 ba!d1 9 w9t]3 ,fuman come man bagnata il v]no3-- or ! ways & appe>ances ( animals--ants meet+ on _! pa?3 ,l veggio d'ogni p>te f>si pre/a ,ciascun'ombra1 e baci>si una con una ,s5za re/>1 cont5te a breve fe/a3 ,cos p] entro loro s*i]a bruna ,s'ammusa l'una con l'altra =mica1 ,=se a spi> lor via e lor =tuna2--,purg4 #bf4aae ! snail draw+ 9 its horns 7,inf4 #be72--! hog %ut out ( its /y1 & try+ to gore ) its tusks 7,inf4 #cj72--! dogs' mis]y 9 summ] 7,inf4 #ag72--! frogs jump+ on to ! bank be=e ! wat]-snake 7,inf4 #i72--or %[+ _! heads above wat]3 ,come al orlo dell'acqua d'un fosso ,/an gli ranoc*i pur col muso fuori1 ,s *e celano i pi$i1 e l'altro grosso4--,inf4 #bb4aaf ,footnote #aaa3 ,p>ad4 #g1 #a-c4 ,footnote #aab3 ,to describe ! p9*$ face ( fam9e2-- ,p>ean l'oc*iaje annella s5za gemme4 ,*i nel viso degli uom9i legge ,,omo ,b5 avria quivi conosciuto l'emme 7,m74--,purg4 #bc4 ,aga91 ,quella rev]5za *e s'indonna ,di tutto me1 pur p] ,b e p] ,,ice4--,p>ad4 #g4 ,n ,o s to/o mai1 n ,i si scrisse1 ,com'ei s'accese ed arse4--,inf4 #bd4 ,footnote #aac3 ,l to a sapl+1 light$ at "o end1 ,:i* at ! o!r hisses ) ! w9d1 ,& drops ( sap do? f ! outlet s5d3 ,s f ! brok5 twig1 bo? words & blood fl['d =?4--,,wright4 ,footnote #aad3 ,l burn+ pap]1 :5 !re glides be=e ,! advanc+ flame a br[n & d+y %ade1 ,:i* is n black1 & yet is :ite no m4--,,ibid4 ,footnote #aae3 ,on ei!r h& ,i saw !m ha/e _! meet+1 ,& kiss ea* "o ! o!r--paus+ n-- ,cont5t$ to enjoy s %ort a greet+4 ,?us d ! ants among _! d+y b&1 ,face "o ano!r--ea* _! neighb\r's lot ,haply to scan1 & h[ _! =tunes /&4--,,wright4 ,footnote #aaf3 ,z 9 a tr5*1 frogs at ! wat] side ,sit squatt+1 ) _! noses rais$ on high1 ,! :ile _! feet1 & all _! bulk !y hide-- ,?us ^u ei!r h& ! s9n]s /ood4 ,b ,b>b>iccia n[ approa*+ nigh1 ,quick !y )drew b5ea? ! boil+ flood4 ,i saw--& /ill my he>t is ?rill'd ) fe>-- ,"o _s l+]2 z beside a dit*1 ,"o frog rema9s1 ! o!rs disappe>4--,,ibid4 ,x mu/ be said1 t mo/ ( ^! images1 ?\gh by no means all1 occur 9 ! ,inf]no2 & t ! poet means to pa9t s9 n m]ely 9 ! greatness ( its ru9 & mis]y1 b 9 *>act]s :i* all und]/&1 ( /rang5ess1 ( vil5ess1 ( despicabl5ess1 bl5d$ ) div]sifi$ & mon/r\s horror4 ,ev5 he seems to despair ( 8 p[] at times3 ,s'io avessi le rime e aspre1 e *iocce1 ,come si conv]rebbe al tri/o buco1 ,sovra 'l qual pontan tutte l'altre rocce2 ,io prem]rei di mio concetto il suco ,pi pi5am5te2 ma p]*'io non l'abbo1 ,non s5za tema a dic] mi conduco3 ,*e non 'mpresa da pigli>e a gabbo ,descriv] fondo a tutto l'univ]so1 ,n da l+ua1 *e *iami mamma1 o babbo4--,inf4 #cb4aag ,footnote #aag3 ,_h ,i a rhyme s rugg$1 r\gh1 & ho>se ,z w\ld become ! sorr[ful abyss1 ,o'er :i* ! rocky circles w9d _! c\rse1 ,!n ) a m appropriate =m ,i might ,end[ my va/ conceptions2 want+ ?is1 ,n )\t fe> ,i br+ myself to write4 ,= no light ent]prise x is1 ,i deem1 ,to repres5t ! l[e/ dep? ( all2 ,nor %\ld a *ildi% tongue attempt ! !me4--,,wright4 ,feel+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 s9s1 9 _! elem5ts &1 z f> z we see !m1 _! bas5ess1 he treats !m v>i\sly4 ,8 ridicule is apportion$ ) a purpose4 ,he passes on f ! doom ( ! s9s ( incont95ce--! /orm1 ! fro/ & hail1 ! cru%+ weights--f ! flam+ m9>ets ( ! city ( ,dis1 ( ! ,furies & ,pros]p9e1 ,donna dell'et]no pianto1 :]e ! unbeliev]s lie1 ea* 9 8 burn+ tomb--f ! riv] ( boil+ blood--! wood ) ! ,h>pies--! wa/e ( b>r5 s& ) fi]y sn[1 :]e ! viol5t are puni%$--to ! ,malebolge1 ! manifold circles ( ,falsehood4 ,& "h scorn & ridicule 9 v>i\s degrees1 accord+ to ! vil5ess ( ! fraud1 beg9 to pr$om9ate1 till !y culm9ate 9 t grim com$y1 ) its dramatis p]son & battle ( devils1 ,draghignazzo1 & ,graffiacane1 & ,malacoda1 :]e ! peculators & sell]s ( ju/ice are fi%$ up by ! demons f ! boil+ pit*1 b ev5 !re ov]rea* & *eat _! torm5tors1 & make !m turn _! fangs on ea* o!r4 ,! div]sifi$ =ms ( falsehood seem to tempt ! poet's imag9ation to cope ) its *angefulness & inv5tions1 z well z its audacity4 ,! trans=mations ( ! wilde/ dream d n daunt him4 ,8 p[] ov] language is n[h]e m =cibly display$ ?an 9 ^? cantos1 :i* describe ! puni%m5ts ( !ft--m5 pass+ gradually into s]p5ts1 & s]p5ts into m53 ,due e nessun l'imag9e p]v]sa ,p>ea4--,inf4 #be4 ,& :5 ! traitor1 :o murd]$ 8 own k9sman1 0 /ill alive1 & seem$ safe f ! infamy :i* x 0 ! poet's rule to be/[ only on ! dead1 ,dante f\nd a way to inflict 8 v5geance )\t an ana*ronism3--,branca ,d',oria's body1 ?\gh on e>?1 is only animat$ by a fi5d1 & 8 _s has long s9ce fl$ to ! icy prison4#aah ,footnote #aah3 ,ed egli a me3 ,come 'l mio corpo /ea ,nel mondo s1 nulla sci5zia porto4 ,cotal vantaggio ha que/a ,tolommea1 ,*e spesse volte l'anima ci cade ,innanzi1 *',atrops mossa le dea4 ,e p]* tu pi volonti] mi rade ,le 'nvetriate lagrime dal volto1 ,sappi1 *e to/o *e l'anima trade1 ,come fec'io1 il corpo suo l' tolto ,da un ,dimonio1 *e poscia il gov]na1 ,m5tre *e 'l tempo suo tutto sia volto4 ,ella ru9a 9 s fatta ci/]na2 ,e =se p>e ancor lo corpo suso ,dell'ombra1 *e di qua dietro mi v]na4 ,tu 'l dei sap]1 se tu vi5 pur mo giuso3 ,egli s] ,branca d',oria1 e son pi anni ,poscia passati1 *'ei fu s rac*iuso4 ,io cr$o1 diss'io lui1 *e tu m'+anni1 ,*e ,branca d',oria non mor unquan*e1 ,e mangia1 e bee1 e dorme1 e ve/e panni4 ,nel fosso s1 diss'ei1 di ,malebran*e1 ,l dove bolle la t5ace pece1 ,non era giunto ancora ,mi*el ,zan*e2 ,*e que/i lasci 'l diavolo 9 sua vece ,nel corpo suo1 e d'un suo prossimano1 ,*e 'l tradim5to insieme con lui fece4--,inf4 #cc4 ,^! are /range exp]im5ts 9 poetry2 _! /rang5ess is exagg]at$ z deta*$ passages2 b !y are /range en\gh :5 !y meet u 9 _! place 9 ! context1 z p>ts ( a sc5e1 :]e ! m9d is /rung & ov]aw$ by ! su/a9$ p[]1 ) :i* dre>9ess1 horror1 hide\s abs5ce ( e =m ( good1 is kept be=e ! imag9ation & feel+s1 9 ! fe>ful picture ( human s94 ,b !y belong to ! poet's sy/em ( direct & =cible repres5tation4 ,:at 8 inw>d eye sees1 :at he feels1 t he means u to see & feel z he does2 to make u see & feel is 8 art4 ,aft]w>ds we may reflect & m$itate2 b fir/ we mu/ see--mu/ see :at he saw4 ,evil & de=mity are 9 ! _w1 z well z good & beauty2 ! eye _c escape !m1 !y are ab\t our pa?1 9 our he>t & memory4 ,he has fac$ !m )\t %r9k+ or dissembl+1 & extort$ f !m a voice ( w>n+4 ,9 all poetry t is writt5 = m]e delight1 9 all poetry :i* reg>ds b a "p or an aspect ( nature1 !y h no place--!y di/urb & m>2 b he _h conceiv$ a poetry ( ! :ole1 :i* w\ld be weak or false )\t !m4 ,yet !y /& 9 8 poem z !y /& 9 nature--subord9ate & reliev$4 ,if ! grotesque is all[$ to intrude itself--if ! horrible & ! f\l1 undisguis$ & uns(t5$1 make u %udd] & %r9k1 !y are kept 9 /rong *eck & 9 due subjection by o!r poetical influ5ces2 & ! same p[] :i* exhibits !m 9 _! nak$ /r5g?1 r5d]s its full grace & glory to beauty2 its full =ce & delicacy to ! mo/ evanesc5t feel+4 ,dante's eye 0 free & op5 to ext]nal nature 9 a degree new among poets2 c]ta9ly 9 a f> great] degree ?an among ! ,lat9s1 ev5 includ+ ,lucretius1 :om he probably _h nev] read4 ,we h already spok5 ( 8 m9ute notice ( ! appe>ance ( liv+ creatures2 b 8 eye 0 caught by ! beautiful z well z by ! grotesque4 ,take ! foll[+ beautiful picture ( ! bird look+ out = dawn3 ,come l'augello intra l'amate fronde1 ,posato al nido de' suoi dolci nati1 ,la notte1 *e le cose ci nasconde1 ,*e p] v$] gli aspetti desiati1 ,e p] trov> lo cibo1 onde li pasca1 ,9 *e i gravi labor gli sono aggrati1 ,previ5e 'l tempo 9 su l'ap]ta frasca1 ,e con ard5te affetto il sole aspetta1 ,fiso gu>d&o1 pur *e l'alba nasca4--,p>ad4 #bc4aai ,footnote #aai3 ,e'en z ! bird t re/+ 9 ! ne/ ,( h] sweet brood1 ! %elt'r+ b\ghs among ,:ile all ?+s are enwrapt 9 night's d>k ve/-- ,n[ eag] to behold ! looks %e loves1 ,& to f9d food = h] impati5t "y 7,:5ce lab\r grateful to a "m proves71 ,=e/alls ! "t1 high p]*'d ^u ! spray1 ,& ) impassion'd zeal ! sun expect+1 ,anxi\sly waite? ! fir/ break ( day4--,,wright4 ,no?+ inde$ c be m true & orig9al ?an 8 images ( birds2 !y are v>i$ & v num]\s4 ,we h ! wat]-birds ris+ 9 clamor\s & *ang+ flocks3 ,come augelli surti di rivi]a ,quasi congratul&o a lor pa/ure1 ,fanno di s or tonda or lunga s*i]a2--,p>ad4 #ah4abj ! rooks1 beg9n+ to move ab\t at daybreak3 ,e come p] lo natural co/ume1 ,le pole insieme1 al com9ci> del giorno ,si muovono a scald> le fr$de piume1 ,poi altre vanno via s5za ritorno1 ,altre rivolgon s onde son mosse ,ed altre rote&o fan soggiorno2--,p>ad4 #ba4aba ! morn+ s\nds ( ! swall[3 ,nell'ora *e com9cia i tri/i lai ,la rond9ella presso alla matt9a1 ,=se a memoria de' suoi primi guai2--,purg4 #i4abb ! joy & delight ( ! night+ale's song 7,purg4 #ag72 ! l>k1 sil5t at la/1 fill$ ) its own sweetness3 ,qual lodoletta1 *e 'n a]e si spazia1 ,prima cant&o1 e poi tace cont5ta ,dell'ultima dolcezza *e la sazia2--,p>ad4 #bj4abc ! flight ( ! />l+s & /orks 7,inf4 #e1 ,purg4 #bd72 ! m\rnful cry & long l9e ( ! cranes 7,inf4 #e1 ,purg4 #bf72 ! "y birds try+ to escape f ! ne/ 7,purg4 #be72 ! eagle hang+ 9 ! sky3 ,con l'ale ap]te1 e a cal>e intesa2-- ! dove1 /&+ close to its mate1 or :eel+ r\nd x3 ,s come qu&o 'l colombo si pone ,presso al compagno1 l'uno e l'altro p&e ,gir&o e mormor&o l'affezione2--,p>ad4 #be4abd or ! flock ( pigeons1 fe$+3 ,adunati alla pa/ura1 ,queti1 s5za mo/r> l'usato orgoglio4--,purg4 #b4 ,footnote #abj3 ,& z birds ris+ f a /ream1 :5ce !y ,_! pa/ures view1 z ?\gh _! joy confess+1 ,n[ =m a r\nd1 & n[ a long array4--,,ibid4 ,footnote #aba3 ,& z ) "o accord1 at break ( day1 ,! rooks be/ir !mselves1 by nature taught ,to *ase ! dew-drops f _! w+s away2 ,"s fly+ (f1 to reappe> no m-- ,o!rs repair+ to _! ne/s aga9-- ,"s :irl+ r\nd--!n settl+ z be=e4--,,wright4 ,footnote #abb3 ,:at "t ! swall[ p\rs h] pla9tive /ra91 ,salut+ ! approa* ( morn+ gray1 ,?us haply m9dful ( h] =m] pa94--,,ibid4 ,footnote #abc3 ,e'en z ! l>k high so>+ p\rs its ?roat ,a:ile1 !n re/s 9 sil5ce1 z ?\gh /ill ,x dwelt enam\r'd ( its la/ sweet note4--,,ibid4 ,footnote #abd3 ,z :5 unto 8 p>tn]'s side1 ! dove ,approa*es ne>--bo? fondly circl+ r\nd1 ,& coo+1 %[ ! f]v\r ( _! love2 ,s ^! great heirs ( immortality ,receive ea* o!r2 :ile !y joyful s\nd ,! praises ( ! food !y %>e on high4--,,wright4 ,hawk+ supplies its images3 ! falcon com+ = its food3 ,il falcon *e prima a pi si mira1 ,indi si volge al grido1 e si prot5de1 ,p] lo disio del pa/o1 *e l il tira2--,purg4 #ai4abe or j unhood$1 plum+ itself = its flight3 ,quasi falcon1 *'esce del cappello1 ,muove la te/a1 e con l'ale s'applaude1 ,voglia mo/r&o1 e fac5dosi bello2--,p>ad4 #ai4abf or return+ )\t success1 sull5 & loa?3 ,come 'l falcon *' /ato assai su l'ali1 ,*e s5za v$] logoro1 o uccello1 ,fa dire al falconi]e3 ,oim tu cali6 ,disc5de lasso onde si muove snello ,p] c5to ruote1 e da lungi si pone ,dal suo mae/ro1 disdegnoso e fello4--,inf4 #ag4abg ,footnote #abe3 ,&1 z a falcon1 :i* fir/ scans its feet1 ,!n turns him to ! call1 & =w>d flies1 ,9 eag]ness to cat* ! tempt+ meat4--,,ibid4 ,footnote #abf3 ,lo1 z a falcon1 f ! hood releas$1 ,uplifts 8 head1 & joy\s flaps 8 w+s1 ,8 beauty & 8 eag]ness increas$4--,,wright4 ,footnote #abg3 ,e'en z a falcon1 long upheld 9 air1 ,n see+ lure or bird ^u ! w+1 ,s t ! falcon] utt]s 9 despair ,alas1 ?\ /oop'/6 fatigu$ desc5ds f high2 ,& :irl+ quickly r\nd 9 _m a r+1 ,f> f 8 ma/] sits--disda9fully4--,,ibid4 ,x is curi\s to obs]ve him tak+ ,virgil's similes1 & alt]+ !m4 ,:5 ,virgil describes ! ?rong ( s\ls1 he comp>es !m to fall+ leaves1 or ga!r+ birds 9 autumn3 ,quam multa 9 silvis auctumni frigore primo ,lapsa cadunt folia1 aut ad t]ram gurgite ab alto ,quam mult glom]antur aves1 ubi frigidus annus ,trans pontum fugat1 et t]ris immittit apricis-- ,dante uses ! same images1 b )\t copy+3 ,come d',autunno si levan le foglie1 ,l'una appresso dell'altra1 inf9 *e 'l ramo ,r5de alla t]ra tutte le sue spoglie2 ,similem5te il mal seme d',adamo3 ,gittansi di quel lito ad una ad una ,p] c5ni1 com'augel p] suo ri*iamo4 ,cos s5 vanno su p] l'onda bruna1 ,ed avanti *e si5 di l discese1 ,an*e di qua nuova s*i]a s'aduna4--,inf4 #c4abh ,footnote #abh3 ,z leaves 9 autumn1 borne be=e ! w9d1 ,drop "o by "o1 until ! bran* laid b>e1 ,sees all its hon\rs to ! e>? consign'd3 ,s ca/ !m d[nw>d at 8 summons all ,! guilty race ( ,adam f t /r&-- ,ea* z a falcon answ]+ to ! call4--,,wright4 ,aga9--comp>$ ) "o ( ,virgil's mo/ highly-f9i%$ & p]fect pictures1 ! flight ( ! pigeon1 di/urb$ at fir/1 & !n becom+ swift & smoo?3 ,qualis spelunca subito commota columba1 ,cui domus et dulces latebroso 9 pumice nidi1 ,f]tur 9 arva volans1 plausumque ext]rita p5nis ,dat tecto +5tem1 mox a]e lapsa quieto ,radit it] liquidum1 cel]es neque commovet alas-- ! ,italian's simplicity & /r5g? may balance ! ornata p>ola ( ,virgil3 ,quali colombe dal disio *iamate1 ,con l'ali ap]te e f]me al dolce nido ,volan p] l'a] dal vol] portate4--,inf4 #e4abi ,footnote #abi3 ,z doves1 by /rong affection urg$1 repair ,) firm exp&$ w+s to _! sweet ne/1 ,borne by ! impulse ( _! w ?r\gh air4--,,ibid4 ,x is impossible n to be rem9d$ at e /ep1 9 spite ( ! k & ta/e :i* ,mr4 ,c>y & ,mr4 ,wright h br\ght to _! mo/ difficult task1 ( ! tru? :i* ,dante has express$ ) 8 ord9>y positiv5ess4 ,he is say+ t he does n wi% 8 ,canzoni to be expla9$ 9 ,lat9 to ^? :o c\ld n read !m 9 ,italian3 ,*e s>ebbe spo/a la loro s5t5zia col dove elle non la potessono colla loro bellezza port>e4 ,e p] sappia ciascuno *e nulla cosa p] legame musaico 7i4e4 poetico7 armonizzata1 si pu della sua loquela 9 altra trasmut>e s5za romp]e tutta la sua dolcezza e armonia4 ,e que/a la ragione p] *e ,om]o non si mut mai di ,greco 9 ,lat9o1 come l'altre scritture *e avemo da loro4--,convito1 i4 c4 #h1 p4 #di4 ,dr4 ,c>lyle has giv5 up ! idea ( attempt+ to repres5t ,dante's v]se by ,engli% v]se1 & has conf9$ himself to assi/+ ,engli%m5 to read him 9 8 own language4 ,8 prose translation is accurate & =cible4 ,& he has add$ s5sible & useful notes4 ,take1 aga91 ! times ( ! day1 ) :at is *>act]i/ic ( !m--appe>ances1 lights1 feel+s--seldom dwelt on at l5g?1 b c>ri$ at once to ! m9d1 & /amp$ ^u x sometimes by a s+le ^w4 ,! s5se ( morn+1 its inspir+ & *e]+ /r5g?1 s(t5s ! op5+ ( ! ,inf]no2 brea!s its refre%+ calm1 9 ! int]val ( repose aft] ! la/ horrors ( hell1 9 ! fir/ canto ( ! ,purgatorio2 & prep>es = ! entrance into ! e>?ly ,p>adise at its close4 ,9 ! wan+ light ( ev5+1 & its *ill+ s5se ( lonel9ess1 he prep>$ himself = 8 dread pilgrimage3 ,lo giorno se n'&ava1 e l'a] bruno ,toglieva gli animai *e sono 'n t]ra ,dalle fati*e loro2 ed io sol uno ,m'app>e*iava a so/5] la gu]ra ,s del camm9o1 e s della pietate4--,inf4 #b4 ,inde$ !re is sc>cely an h\r ( day or night1 :i* has n left its own recollection ) him2--( :i* we _c f9d "s memorial 9 8 poem4 ,ev5+ & night h _m4 ,ev5+1 ) its s(tness & melan*oly--its exhau/ion & languor1 aft] ! "w1 p]haps unfulfill$1 ( day--its regrets & ye>n+s--its s\nds & d\btful lights--! di/ant bell1 ! clos+ *ants ( ,compl9e1 ! ,salve ,reg9a1 ! ,te lucis ante t]m9um--) its insecurity1 & its s5se ( protection f above--broods ov] ! poet's fir/ re/+-place on 8 heav5ly road--t /ill1 solemn1 dreamy sc5e--! ,valley ( ,fl[]s 9 ! m\nta9 side1 :]e ^? :o h be5 neglig5t ab\t _! salvation1 b n altoge!r fai?less & fruitless1 ! assembl$ %ades ( great k+s & ( poets1 wait1 look+ upw>ds1 pale & humble1 = ! h\r :5 !y may beg9 9 e>ne/ _! p5ance4 7,purg4 #g & #h47 ,! level1 bl9d+ ev5+ beams 7,purg4 #ae72 ! contra/ ( ga!r+ d>kness 9 ! valley or on ! %ore ) ! l+]+ lights on ! m\nta9 7,purg4 #ag72 ! rapid s9k+ ( ! sun1 & approa* ( night 9 ! s\? 7,purg4 #bg72 ! flam+ sunset cl\ds ( ,augu/2 ! %eet-lightn+ ( summ] 7,purg4 #e72 h left pictures 9 8 m9d1 :i* an incid5tal t\* reawak5s1 & a few /rong words are suffici5t to express4 ,o!r appe>ances he describes ) m fulness4 ,! />s com+ out "o by "o1 baffl+ at fir/ ! eye3 ,ed ecco intorno di *i>ezza p>i ,nasc] un lu/ro sopra quel *e v'era1 ,a guisa d'orizzonte1 *e ris*i>i4 ,e s come al salir di prima s]a ,com9cian p] lo ,ciel nuove p>v5ze1 ,s *e la cosa p>e e non p> v]a2--,p>ad4 #ad4acj or else1 bur/+ out sudd5ly ov] ! heav5s3 ,qu&o colui *e tutto il mondo alluma1 ,de l'emisp]io no/ro si disc5de1 ,e 'l giorno d'ogni p>te si consuma2 ,lo ciel *e sol di lui prima s'acc5de1 ,subitam5te si rif p>v5te ,p] molte luci 9 *e una rispl5de2--,p>ad4 #bj4aca or ! effect ( %oot+-/>s3 ,quale p] li s]5 tranquilli e puri ,discorre ad ora ad or subito fuoco ,mov5do gli oc*i *e /avan sicuri1 ,e p>e /ella *e tramuti loco1 ,se non *e dalla p>te onde s'acc5de ,nulla s5 p]de1 ed esso dura poco2--,p>ad4 #ae4acb or1 aga91 t *>act]i/ic sight ( ! ,italian summ] night--! fire-flies3 ,quante il villan *e al poggio si riposa1 ,nel tempo *e colui *e 'l mondo s*i>a ,la faccia sua a noi ti5 m5 ascosa1 ,come la mosca c$e alla z5z>a1 ,v$e lucciole gi p] la vallea ,=se col dove v5demmia ed ara4--,inf4 #bf4acc ,footnote #acj3 ,& lo1 on high1 & lurid z ! "o ,n[ !re1 encircl+ x1 a light arose1 ,l heav5 :5 re-illum9$ by ! sun3 ,& z at ! fir/ light+ up ( eve ,! sky do? new appe>ances disclose1 ,t n[ seem real1 n[ ! sight deceive4--,,wright4 ,footnote #aca3 ,:5 he1 :o ) 8 univ]sal ray ,! _w illum9es1 quits our hemisph]e1 ,&1 f ea* qu>t]1 daylight we>s away2 ,! heav51 er/ k9dl$ by 8 beam alone1 ,sudd5 its lo/ effulg5ce do? repair ,by _m lights illum9$ b by "o4--,,ibid4 ,footnote #acb3 ,z (t along ! pure & tranquil sky ,a sudd5 fire by night is se5 to d>t1 ,attract+ =cibly ! he$less eye2 ,& seems to be a /> t *anges place1 ,save t no /> is lo/ f out ! "p ,x quits1 & t x la/s a mom5t's space4--,,wright4 ,footnote #acc3 ,z 9 t season :5 ! sun lea/ veils ,8 face t light5s all1 :at "t ! fly ,gives place to ! %rill gnat1 ! peasant !n1 ,^u "s cliff recl9$1 b5ea? him sees ,fire-flies innum]\s spangl+ o'er ! vale1 ,v9ey>d or til?1 :]e 8 day-lab\r lies4--,,c>y4 ,noon1 too1 does n want its *>act]i/ic t\*es--! lightn+-l glanc+ ( ! liz>d's rapid motion3 ,come il ram>ro sotto la gran f]sa ,ne' d canicul> cangi&o siepe ,folgore p>1 se la via attrav]sa2--,inf4 #be4acd ! motes 9 ! sunbeam at noontide 7,p>4 #ad72 its cle>1 diffus$1 insupportable brightness1 fill+ all ?+s3 ,e tutti eran gi pi5i ,dell'alto d i giron del sacro monte4--,purg4 #ai4 & veil+ ! sun 9 8 own light3 ,io veggio b5 s come tu t'annidi ,nel proprio lume4 99 99 99 99 ,s come 'l sol *e si cela egli /essi ,p] troppa luce1 qu&o 'l caldo ha rose ,le temp]anze de' vapori spessi4--,p>ad4 #e4 ,footnote #acd3 ,z und]nea? ! dog-/>'s scor*+ ray ,! liz>d1 d>t+ swift f f5ce to f5ce1 ,appe>s l lightn+1 if he cross ! way4--,,wright4 ,b ! sights & feel+s ( morn+ are :at he t\*es on mo/ frequ5tly2 & he does s ) ! precision ( "o :o _h wat*$ !m ) (t5-repeat$ delight3 ! sc5t$ fre%ness ( ! breeze t /irs be=e daybreak3 ,e quale annunziatrice degli albori ,aura di maggio muovesi ed olezza ,tutta impregnata dall'erba e da' fiori2 ,tal mi s5ti' un v5to d> p] mezza ,la fronte2--,purg4 #bd4ace ! *ill ( e>ly morn+ 7,purg4 #ai72 ! dawn /eal+ on1 & ! />s1 "o by "o1 fad+ inf9o alla pi bella 7,p>ad4 #cj72 ! brightness ( ! trembl+ morn+ />-- ,p> tremol&o mattut9a /ella2-- ! s]5ity ( ! dawn1 ! blue gradually ga!r+ 9 ! ea/1 spread+ ov] ! bright5+ sky 7,p>ad4 #a72 !n succe$$ by ! orange t9ts--& ,m>s sett+ r$1 ?r\gh ! mi/ ov] ! sea3 ,ed ecco1 qual sul presso del matt9o ,p] li grossi vapor ,m>te rosseggia ,gi nel pon5te1 sopra 'l suol m>9o1 ,cotal m'app>ve1 s'io ancor lo veggia1 ,un lume p] lo m> v5ir s ratto ,*e 'l muov] suo nessun vol> p>eggia2--,purg4 #b4acf ! di/ant sea-bea* quiv]+ 9 ! e>ly light3 ,l'alba v9ceva l'ora mattut9a ,*e fuggia innanzi1 s *e di lontano ,conobbi il tremol> della m>9a2--,purg4 #a4acg ! contra/ ( ea/ & we/ at ! mom5t ( sunrise1 & ! sun appe>+1 clo!d 9 mi/3 ,io vidi gi nel com9ci> del giorno ,la p>te ori5tal tutta rosata ,e l'altro ciel di bel s]5o adorno2 ,e la faccia del sol nasc]e ombrata ,s *e p] temp]anza di vapori ,l'oc*io lo so/5ea lunga fiata2--,purg4 #c4ach or break+ ?r\gh x1 & %oot+ 8 beams ov] ! sky3 ,di tutte p>ti saettava il giorno ,lo sol *'avea con le saette conte ,di mezzo 'l ciel cacciato 'l ,capricorno4--,purg4 #b4aci ,footnote #ace3 ,z :51 ann\nc+ ! approa* ( day1 ,impregnat$ ) h]bs & fl[]s ( ,spr+1 ,brea!s fre% & r$ol5t ! air ( ,may-- ,su* 0 ! breeze t g5tly fann'd my head2 ,& ,i p]ceiv$ ! wav+ ( a w+ ,:i* all ar\nd ambrosial od\rs %$4--,,wright4 ,footnote #acf3 ,:5 lo6 l ,m>s1 9 aspect fi]y r$ ,se5 ?r\gh ! vap\r1 :5 ! morn is nigh ,f> 9 ! we/ above ! br9y b$1 ,s 7might ,i once m see x7 o'er ! sea ,a light approa*'d ) su* rapidity1 ,flies n ! bird t might its equal be4--,,wright4 ,footnote #acg3 ,n[ 'gan ! vanqui%'d mat9 h\r to flee2 ,& se5 f f>1 z onw>d came ! day1 ,i recognis$ ! trembl+ ( ! sea4--,,ibid4 ,footnote #ach3 ,ere:ile ! ea/]n regions h ,i se5 ,at daybreak gl[ ) roseate col\rs1 & ,! expanse beside all beaute\s & s]5e3 ,& ! sun's face s %r\d$ at its rise1 ,& temp]'d by ! mi/s :i* ov]hung1 ,t ,i c\ld gaze on x ) /$fa/ eyes4--,,wright4 ,footnote #aci3 ,on e side ! sun %ot =? ! day1 ,& _h already ) 8 arr[s bright ,f ! mid-heav5 *as$ ,capricorn away4--,,ibid4 ,b light 9 g5]al is 8 special & *os5 s\rce ( poetic beauty4 ,no poet t we "k has %[n su* s+ul> s5sibility to its v>i$ appe>ances--has %[n t he felt x 9 itself ! cause ( a di/9ct & peculi> pleasure1 delight+ ! eye ap>t f =m1 z music delights ! e> ap>t f words1 & capable1 l music1 ( def9ite "*1 ( endless v>iety1 & inf9ite mean+s4 ,he mu/ h /udi$ & dwelt ^u x l music4 ,8 m9d is *>g$ ) its effects & comb9ations1 & !y are r5d]$ ) a =ce1 a brevity1 a precision1 a he$lessness & unconsci\sness ( ornam5t1 an indiff]5ce to circum/ance & detail2 !y fla% out ) a spontane\s read9ess1 a suitabl5ess & felicity1 :i* %[ ! famili>ity & grasp giv5 only by daily obs]vation1 daily ?\ght1 daily pleasure4 ,light ev]y:]e--9 ! sky & e>? & sea--9 ! />1 ! flame1 ! lamp1 ! gem--brok5 9 ! wat]1 reflect$ f ! mirror1 transmitt$ pure ?r\gh ! glass1 or col\r$ ?r\gh ! edge ( ! fractur$ em]ald--dimm$ 9 ! mi/1 ! halo1 ! deep wat]--/ream+ ?r\gh ! r5t cl\d1 gl[+ 9 ! coal1 quiv]+ 9 ! lightn+1 fla%+ 9 ! topaz & ! ruby1 veil$ beh9d ! pure alaba/]1 mell[$ & cl\d+ itself 9 ! pe>l--light contra/$ ) %ad[--%ad+ (f & copy+ itself 9 ! d\ble ra9b[1 l voice & e*o--light se5 )9 light1 z voice disc]n$ )9 voice1 qu&o una f]ma1 e l'altra va e ri$e--! bright] ne/l+ itself 9 ! fa9t]--! pur] set (f on ! less cle>1 come p]la 9 bianca fronte--light 9 ! human eye & face1 display+1 figur+1 & conf\nd$ ) its expressions--light bl5d$ ) joy 9 ! eye3 luce ,come letizia 9 pupilla viva2 & 9 ! smile3 ,v9c5do me col lume d'un sorriso2 joy l5d+ its expression to light3 ,quivi la donna mia vid'io s lieta-- ,*e pi luc5te se ne f il pianeta4 ,e se la /ella si cambi1 e rise1 ,qual mi fec'io2--,p>ad4 #e4 light f e s\rce1 & 9 all its %apes1 illum9ates1 irradiates1 gives its glory to ! ,comm$ia4 ,! remembrance ( our s]5e life b5ea? ! fair />s keeps up cont9ually ! gloom ( ! ,inf]no4 ,light1 su* z we see x & recognise x1 ! light ( morn+ & ev5+ gr[+ & fad+1 takes (f f ! une>?l9ess ( ! ,purgatorio2 peopl$1 z x is1 by ! undy+1 :o1 ?\gh suff]+ = s91 c s9 no m1 x is ?us made l our famili> _w1 made to t\* our sympa?ies z an image ( our own purification 9 ! fle%4 ,& :5 he rises beyond ! regions ( e>?ly day1 light1 simple1 unalloy$1 un%ad[$1 et]nal1 lifts ! creations ( 8 ?\ght above all aff9ity to "t & matt]2 light nev] fails him1 z ! expression ( ! gradations ( bliss2 nev] reappe>s ! same1 nev] refuses ! new %apes ( 8 inv5tion1 nev] becomes confus$ or dim1 ?\gh x is seldom ?r[n into di/9ct figure1 & /ill m seldom col\r$4 ,only once1 t we rememb]1 is ! ?\ght ( col\r =c$ on u2 :5 ! bright joy ( heav5 suff]s *ange & eclipse1 & deep5s into r$ at ! sacrilege ( m54#adj ,footnote #adj3 ,p>ad4 #bg4 ,yet 8 eye is ev]y:]e1 n conf9$ to ! beauty or "* ( ! sky & its lights4 ,8 range ( obs]vation & l>g5ess ( int]e/ prev5t t l9e ( imag]y1 :i* is 8 peculi> in/rum5t & pr$ilection1 f becom+1 9 spite ( its brightness & v>iety1 dreamy & monoton\s2 prev5t x f arm+ aga9/ itself sympa?ies :i* x does n t\*4 ,he has wat*$ ) equal att5tion1 & draws ) n less p[]1 ! occurr5ces & sights ( ,italian c\ntry life2 ! summ] :irlw9d sweep+ ov] ! pla9--d9anzi polv]oso va sup]bo 7,inf4 #i72 ! ra9-/orm ( ! ,ap5n9es 7,purg4 #e72 ! peasant's alt]nations ( feel+ 9 spr+3 ,9 quella p>te del giov9etto anno ,*e 'l sole i cr9 sotto l',aqu>io tempra1 ,e gi le notti al mezzo d s5 vanno2 ,qu&o la br9a 9 su la t]ra assempra ,l'imag9e di sua sorella bianca1 ,ma poco dura alla sua p5na tempra1 ,lo villanello a cui la roba manca ,si leva e gu>da1 e v$e la campagna ,bian*eggi> tutta2 ond'ei si batte l'anca2 ,ritorna a casa1 e qua e l si lagna ,come 'l tap9 *e non sa *e si faccia3 ,poi ri$e e la sp]anza r+avagna ,vegg5do 'l mondo av] cangiata faccia ,9 poco d'ora1 e pr5de il suo v9ca/ro ,e fuor le pecorelle a pasc] caccia3--,inf4 #bd4ada ! mann] 9 :i* %eep come out f ! fold3 ,come le pecorelle escon del *iuso ,a una a due a tre1 e l'altre /anno1 ,timidette att]r&o l'oc*io e' l muso2 ,e ci *e fa la prima1 e l'altre fanno1 ,addoss&osi a lei s'ella s'arre/a ,semplici e quete1 e lo 'mp]* non sanno3 ,s vid'io muov] a v5ir la te/a ,di quella m&ria =tunata allotta1 ,pudica 9 faccia e nell'&>e one/a4 ,come color d9anzi vid] rotta ,la luce4444 ,ri/>o1 e trass] s indietro alquanto1 ,e tutti gli altri *e v5iano appresso1 ,non sappi5do il p]*1 f]o altrettanto4--,purg4 #c4 ,footnote #ada3 ,9 ! new ye>1 :5 ,sol 8 tresses gay ,dips 9 ,aqu>ius1 & ! t>dy night ,divides h] empire ) ! l5g!n+ day-- ,:5 o'er ! e>? ! ho>-fro/ pure & bright ,assumes ! image ( h] si/] :ite1 ,!n quickly melts be=e ! g5ial light-- ,! ru/ic1 n[ exhau/$ 8 supply1 ,rises betimes--looks out--& sees ! l& ,all :ite ar\nd1 :]eat he /rikes 8 ?igh-- ,turns back--& griev+--w&]s "h & !re1 ,l "o disconsolate & at a /&2 ,!n issues =?1 =gett+ 8 despair1 ,= lo6 ! face ( nature he beholds ,*ang$ on a sudd5--takes 8 crook aga91 ,& drives 8 flock to pa/ure f ! folds4--,,wright4 ,s ) ! beautiful picture ( ! goats ^u ! m\nta91 *ew+ ! cud 9 ! noontide heat & /illness1 & ! goa!rd1 re/+ on 8 /aff & wat*+ !m--a picture :i* no travell] among ! m\nta9s ( ,italy or ,greece c h miss$1 or h =gott53 ,quali si fanno rum9&o manse ,le capre1 /ate rapide e prot]ve ,sopra le cime avanti *e si5 pranse1 ,tacite al ombra m5tre *e 'l sol f]ve1 ,gu>date dal pa/or *e 'n su la v]ga ,poggiato s'1 e lor poggiato s]ve4--,purg4 #bg4adb ,footnote #adb3 ,l goats t hav+ ov] ! crags pursu$ ,_! wanton sports1 n[1 quiet pass ! "t ,9 rum9at+--sat$ ) _! food1 ,b5ea? ! %ade1 :ile gl[s ! sun on high-- ,wat*$ by ! goa!rd ) unceas+ c>e1 ,z on 8 /aff he leans1 ) wat*ful eye4--,ibid4 ,s aga91 ) 8 recollections ( cities3 ! cr[d1 runn+ toge!r to he> news 7,purg4 #b71 or press+ aft] ! w9n] ( ! game 7,purg4 #f72 ! bl9d m5 at ! *ur* doors1 or foll[+ _! guide ?r\gh ! ?rong 7,purg4 #ac1 #af72 ! fri>s walk+ along 9 sil5ce1 "o beh9d ano!r3 ,taciti1 soli1 e s5za compagnia ,n'&avam1 l'un d9anzi1 e l'altro dopo ,come i frati m9or vanno p] via4--,inf4 #bc4 ,he turns to acc\nt 9 8 poem1 ! pomp & clam\r ( ! ho/ tak+ ! field 7,inf4 #bb72 ! devices ( h]aldry2 ! answ]+ *imes ( morn+ bells ov] ! city2#adc ! inv5tions & appliances ( art1 ! :eels )9 :eels ( clocks 7,p>4 #bd71 ! _m-col\r$ c>pets ( ! ,ea/ 7,inf4 #ag72 music & danc+--! organ & voice 9 *ur*3 --,voce mi/a al dolce suono ,*e or s or no s'int5don le p>ole1--,purg4 #i4 ! lute & voice 9 ! *amb] 7,p>4 #bj72 ! danc]s prep>+ to beg91#add or wait+ to cat* a new /ra94#ade ,or1 aga91 ! images ( dome/ic life1 ! "m's ways to h] *ild1 res]v$ & reprov+--*e al figlio p> sup]ba--or *e]+ him ) h] voice1 or wat*+ him compassionately 9 ! w&]+ ( fev]3 ,ond'ella1 appresso d'un pio sospiro ,gli oc*i drizz v] me1 con quel sembiante ,*e madre fa sopra figliuol deliro4--,p>ad4 #a4 ,footnote #adc3 ,indi come orologio *e ne *iami ,nell'ora *e la sposa di ,dio surge ,a matt9> lo sposo p]* l'ami1 ,*e l'una p>te e l'altra tira ed urge ,t9 t9 son&o con s dolce nota ,*e 'l b5 dispo/o spirto d'amor turge2 ,cos vid'io la gloriosa ruota ,muov]si e r5d] voce a voce1 9 tempra ,ed 9 dolcezza *'ess] non pu nota ,se non col dove 'l gioir s'insempra4--,p>ad4 #aj4 ,footnote #add3 ,e come surge1 e va1 ed entra 9 ballo ,v]g9e lieta1 sol p] f>ne onore ,alla novizia1 e non p] alcun fallo4--,ibid4 #be4 ,footnote #ade3 ,donne mi p>v]1 non da ballo sciolte1 ,ma *e s'arre/9 tacite ascolt&o ,f9 *e le nuove note hanno ricolte4--,ibid4 #aj4 ,nor is he less obs]vant ( ! m delicate ph5om5a ( m9d1 9 its inw>d work+s1 & its connexion ) ! body4 ,! play ( features1 ! involunt>y ge/ures & attitudes ( ! passions1 ! p[] ( eye ov] eye1 ( h& ^u h&1 ! *>m ( voice & expression1 ( musical s\nds ev5 :5 n und]/ood--feel+s1 s5sations1 & /ates ( m9d :i* h a "n1 & o!rs1 equally num]\s & equally common1 :i* h none--^!1 (t5 s fugitive1 s %ift+1 s baffl+ & intangible1 are express$ ) a directness1 a simplicity1 a s5se ( tru? at once broad & ref9$1 :i* seiz$ at once on ! cong5ial m9d ( 8 c\ntrym51 & po9t$ out to !m ! road :i* !y h foll[$ 9 art1 unapproa*$ z yet by any competitors4#adf ,footnote #adf3 ,= in/ance3--?\ghts ^u ?\ghts1 end+ 9 sleep & dreams3 ,nuovo p5si] d5tro de me si mise1 ,dal qual pi altri nacqu]o e div]si3 ,e tanto d'uno 9 altro vaneggiai ,*e gli oc*i p] vaghezza ricop]si1 ,e 'l p5sam5to 9 sogno trasmutai4--,purg4 #ah4 sleep /eal+ (f :5 brok5 by light3 ,come si frange il sonno1 ove di butto ,nuova luce p]cuote 'l viso *iuso1 ,*e fratto guizza pria *e muoja tutto4--,ibid4 #ag4 ! %ock ( sudd5 awak5+3 ,come al lume acuto si disonna1 99 99 99 99 ,e lo svegliato ci *e v$e abborre1 ,s nescia la subita vigilia1 ,f9* la /imativa nol soccorre4--,p>ad4 #bf4 uneasy feel+s produc$ by sight or repres5tation ( some?+ unnatural3 ,come p] so/5t> solajo o tetto ,p] m5sola talvolta una figura ,si v$e giung] le g9oc*ia al petto1 ,la qual fa del non v] v]a rancura ,nasc] a *i la v$e2 cos fatti ,vid'io color4--,purg4 #aj4 blu%+ 9 innoc5t sympa?y = o!rs3 ,e come donna one/a *e p]mane ,di s sicura1 e p] l'altrui fallanza ,pure ascolt&o timida si fane3 ,cos ,beatrice trasmut sembianza4--,p>4 #bg4 ask+ & answ]+ by looks only3 ,volsi gli oc*i agli oc*i al signor mio2 ,ond'elli m'ass5t con lieto c5no ,ci *e *i$ea la vi/a del disio4--,purg4 #ai4 wat*+ ! effect ( words3 ,po/o avea f9e al suo ragionam5to ,l'alto dottore1 ad att5to gu>dava ,nella mia vi/a s'io p>ea cont5to4 ,ed io1 cui nuova sete ancor frugava1 ,di fuor taceva e d5tro dicea3 =se ,lo troppo dim&> *'io fo1 li grava4 ,ma quel padre v]ace1 *e s'accorse ,del timido vol] *e non s'apriva1 ,p>l&o1 di p>l>e ardir mi porse4--,ibid4 #ah4 ,dante betray+ ,virgil's pres5ce to ,/atius1 by 8 involunt>y smile3 ,vols] ,virgilio a me que/e p>ole ,con viso *e tac5do dicea3 taci2 ,ma non pu tutto la virt *e vuole2 ,*e riso e pianto son tanto seguaci ,alla passion da *e ciascun si spicca1 ,*e m5 segnon vol] ne' pi v]aci4 ,io pur sorrisi1 come l'uom *'ammicca3 ,p]* l'ombra si tacque1 e rigu>dommi ,negli oc*i ove 'l sembiante pi si ficca4 ,e se tanto lavoro 9 b5e assommi1 ,disse1 p]* la faccia tua te/eso ,un lampeggi> a' un riso dimo/rommi8--,purg4 #ba4 smiles & words toge!r3 ,p] le sorrise p>olette brevi4--,p>ad4 #a4 eye meet+ eye3 ,gli oc*i ritorsi avanti ,dritti nel lume della dolce guida ,*e sorrid5do ardea negli oc*i santi4--,ibid4 #c4 ,come si v$e qui alcuna volta ,l'affetto nella vi/a1 s'ello tanto ,*e da lui sia tutta l'anima tolta3 ,cos nel fiammeggi> del fulgor santo ,a cui mi volsi1 conobbi la voglia ,9 lui di ragion>mi ancora alquanto4--,ibid4 #ah4 g5tl5ess ( voice3 ,e com9ciommi a dir soave e piana ,con angelica voce 9 sua favella4--,inf4 #b4 ,e come agli oc*i miei si fe' pi bella1 ,cos con voce pi dolce e soave1 ,ma non con que/a mod]na favella1 ,dissemi2--,p>ad4 #af4 *ant+3 ,te lucis ante s divotam5te ,le usc di bocca e con s dolce note1 ,*e fece me a me uscir di m5te4 ,e l'altre poi dolcem5te e divote ,seguit> lei p] tutto l'inno int]o1 ,av5do gli oc*i alle sup]ne ruote4--,purg4 #h4 *ant+ bl5d$ ) ! s\nd ( ! organ3 ,io mi rivolsi att5to al primo tuono1 ,e ,te ,deum laudamus mi p>ea ,udire 9 voce mi/a al dolce suono4 ,tale imag9e appunto mi r5dea ,ci *'io udiva1 qual pr5d] si suole ,qu&o a cant> con organi si /ea2 ,*'or s1 or no1 s'int5don le p>ole4--,purg4 #i4 voices 9 conc]t3 ,e come 9 voce voce si disc]ne ,qu&o una f]ma1 e' l altra va e ri$e4--,p>ad4 #h4 attitudes & ge/ures3 e4g4 ,beatrice address+ him1 ,con atto e voce di sp$ito duce4--,ibid4 #cj4 ,sordello eye+ ! travell]s3 ,v5immo a lei3 o anima ,lomb>da1 ,come ti /avi alt]a e disdegnosa1 ,e nel muov] degli oc*i one/a e t>da4 ,ella non ci diceva alcuna cosa1 ,ma lasciavane gir1 solo gu>d&o1 ,a guisa di leon qu&o si posa4--,purg4 #f4 ! angel mov+ dry-%od ov] ! ,/ygian pool3 ,dal volto rimovea quell'a] grasso ,m5&o la s9i/ra innanzi spesso1 ,e sol di quell'angoscia p>ea lasso4 ,b5 m'accorsi *'egli era del ciel messo1 ,e volsimi al mae/ro2 e quei fe' segno ,*'io /essi *eto ed in*9assi ed esso4 ,ahi quanto mi p>ea pi5 di disdegno4 99 99 99 99 ,poi si rivolse p] la /rada lorda1 ,e non fe' motto a noi1 ma fe' sembiante ,d'uomo cui altra cura /r+a e morda ,*e quella di colui *e gli davante4--,inf4 #i4 ,& he has anticipat$ ! late/ s*ools ( mod]n poetry1 by mak+ n m]ely nature1 b sci5ce tribut>y to a poetry ) ^: g5]al aim & _s x has little 9 common--tribut>y 9 its exact =ms1 ev5 9 its te*nicalities4 ,he speaks ( ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 n m]ely z a hi/orian1 or an obs]v] ( its /orms or its smiles1 b z a geologi/2#adg ( light1 n m]ely 9 its beautiful appe>ances1 b 9 its natural laws4#adh ,!re is a *>m1 an imag9ative *>m to him1 n m]ely 9 ! s5sible magnific5ce ( ! heav5s1 9 _! sil5ce1 & light1 & wat*fulness1 b 9 ! sy/em ( ,ptolemy & ! !ories ( a/rology2 & he delights to int]weave ! poetry ( feel+ & ( ! outw>d s5se ) ! gr&eur--s f> z he knew x--( ord]1 proportion1 measur$ magnitudes1 ! relations ( ab/ract =ces1 display$ on su* a sc5e z ! mat]ial univ]se1 z if he wi%$ to %[ t imag9ation 9 its bolde/ flight 0 n afraid ( ! company ( ! cle> & subtle intellect4 ,footnote #adg3 ,la maggior valle1 9 *e l'acqua si sp&i4--,p>ad4 #i4 ,footnote #adh3 ,e4g4 ,purg4 #ae4 ,inde$ ! real nev] daunts him4 ,x is 8 lead+ pr9ciple ( poetic composition1 to draw out ( ?+s ! poetry :i* is lat5t 9 !m1 ei!r ess5tially1 or z !y are portions1 images1 or reflexes ( some?+ great]--n to inve/ !m ) a poetical semblance1 by means ( words :i* br+ ) !m poetical associations1 & h receiv$ a g5]al poetical /amp4 ,dante has few ( ^? indirect *>ms :i* fl[ f ! subtle /ructure & ref9$ graces ( language--none ( t exquisitely-fitt$ & self-su/a9$ me*anism ( *oice words ( ! ,greeks--none ( t temp]$ & maje/ic amplitude ( diction1 :i* clo!s1 l ! folds ( a royal robe1 ! ?\ghts ( ! ,lat9s--none ( t abundant play ( fancy & s5tim5t1 s(t or gr&1 9 :i* ! lat] ,italian poets delight$4 ,words ) him are us$ sp>+ly1 nev] 9 play--nev] because !y c>ry ) !m poetical recollections--nev] = _! own sake2 b because !y are in/rum5ts :i* w give ! deepe/1 cle>e/1 %>pe/ /amp ( t image :i* ! poet's m9d1 pi]c+ to ! v he>t ( 8 subject1 or seiz+ ! *>act]i/ic feature :i* to o!r m5's eyes is confus$ & lo/ among o!rs accid5tal & common1 draws =? 9 sev]e & liv+ tru?4 ,words w n always b5d !mselves to 8 dem&s on !m2 !y make him (t5 unc\?1 abrupt1 obscure4 ,b he is too mu* 9 e>ne/ to he$ unc\?ness2 & 8 p[] ov] language is too great to all[ unc]ta9ty z to :at he means1 to be o!r ?an occasional4 ,nor is he a /rang] to ! utmo/ sweetness & melody ( language4 ,b x appe>s1 uns\ght = & unlab\r$1 ! spontane\s & inevitable ob$i5ce ( ! tongue & p5 to ! impressions ( ! m9d2 z grace & beauty1 ( !mselves1 comm& & guide ! eye ( ! pa9t]1 :o ?9ks n ( 8 h& b ( !m4 ,all is 9 "* ) ! absorb$ & s]i\s e>ne/ness :i* p]vades ! poem2 !re is no toy+1 no ornam5t1 t a man 9 e>ne/ might n ?r[ into 8 words2--:e!r 9 s+le images1 or 9 pictures1 l t ( ! ,mead[ ( ! ,h]oes 7,inf4 #d71 or ! angel appe>+ 9 hell to guide ! poet ?r\gh ! burn+ city 7,inf4 #i7--or 9 hi/ories1 l ^? ( ,c\nt ,ugol9o1 or ! life ( ,s4 ,francis 7,p>ad4 #aa7--or 9 ! dramatic sc5es l ! meet+ ( ! poets ,sordello & ,virgil 7,purgat4 #f71 or t "o1 unequall$ 9 beauty1 :]e ,dante himself1 aft] ye>s ( =getfulness & s91 sees ,beatrice 9 glory1 & he>s 8 "n1 nev] b once pron\nc$ dur+ ! vision1 f h] lips4#adi ,footnote #adi3 ,io vidi gi nel com9ci> del giorno ,la p>te ori5tal tutta rosata1 ,e l'altro ciel di bel s]5o adorno1 ,e la faccia del sol nasc]e ombrata1 ,s *e p] temp]anza di vapori ,l'oc*io lo so/5ea lunga fiata2 ,cos d5tro una nuvola di fiori1 ,*e dalle mani angeli*e saliva1 ,e ricadeva gi d5tro e di fuori1 ,sovra c&ido vel c9ta d'oliva ,donna m'app>ve sotto v]de manto ,ve/ita di color di fiamma viva4 ,e lo spirito mio1 *e gi cotanto ,tempo era /ato *e alla sua pres5za ,non era di /upor1 trem&o1 affranto4 ,s5za degli oc*i av] pi conosc5za1 ,p] occulta virt1 *e da lei mosse1 ,d'antico amor s5ti' la gran pot5za4 99 99 99 99 ,volsimi alla s9i/ra col rispitto1 ,col quale il fantol9 corre alla mamma1 ,qu&o ha paura1 o qu&o egli afflitto1 ,p] dic]e a ,virgilio3 ,m5 *e dramma ,di sangue m' rimasa1 *e non tremi3 ,conosco i segni dell'antica fiamma4 ,ma ,virgilio n'avea lasciati scemi ,di s1 ,virgilio dolcissimo padre1 ,virgilio1 a cui p] mia salute diemi3 99 99 99 99 ,dante1 p]* ,virgilio se ne vada1 ,non piang]e an*e1 non piang]e ancora ,* piang] ti convi5 p] altra spada4 99 99 99 99 ,regalm5te nell'atto ancor prot]va ,cont9u1 come colui *e dice1 ,e il pi caldo p>l> dietro res]va1 ,gu>dami b53 b5 son1 b5 son ,beatrice3 ,come degna/i d'acc$]e al monte8 ,non sapei tu1 *e qui l'uom felice8--,purg4 #cj4 ,b extracts c give b an imp]fect notion ( ?is gr& & t\*+ canto4 ,b ?is1 or any o!r array ( sc5es & images1 might be mat*$ f poets ( a f> l[] ord] ?an ,dante3 & to specim5s :i* might be br\ght toge!r ( 8 audacity & extravagance1 no p>allel c\ld be f\nd except among ! l[e/4 ,we _c1 hone/ly1 plead ! b>b>ism ( ! "t z 8 excuse4 ,t1 d\btless1 contribut$ l>gely to !m2 b !y 7 ! faults ( ! man4 ,9 ano!r age1 _! =m might h be5 diff]5t2 yet we _c believe s mu* ( "t1 t x w\ld h tam$ ,dante4 ,nor c we wi% x4 ,x might h made him less great3 & 8 greatness c well be> its own blemi%es1 & w n less meet its due hon\r among m51 because !y c detect its k9dr$ to !mselves4 ,! greatness ( 8 "w is n 9 its details--to be made or m>r$ by !m4 ,x is ! greatness ( a compreh5sive & va/ conception1 su/a9+ )\t failure ! trial ( its long & haz>d\s execution1 & fulfill+ at its close ! hope & promise ( its beg9n+2 l ! greatness--:i* we wat* 9 its c\rse ) anxi\s susp5se1 & look back ^u :5 x is secur$ by dea?1 ) deep admiration--( a p]fect life4 ,_m a surprise1 _m a difficulty1 _m a disappo9tm5t1 _m a /range rev]se & alt]nation ( feel+s1 att5d ! progress ( ! mo/ pati5t & admir+ read] ( ! ,comm$ia2 z _m z att5d on "o :o foll[s ! unfold+ ( a /rong "* 9 life4 ,we are (t5 %ock$ :5 we 7 prep>$ to admire--repell$1 :5 we came ) sympa?y2 ! accu/om$ key fails at a critical mom5t--dep?s are reveal$ :i* we _c s\nd1 my/]ies :i* baffle & conf\nd u4 ,b ! *eck is = a "t--! gap & *asm does n dissev]4 ,ha/e is ev5 an evid5ce ( life--! brief ^w1 ! obscure h9t1 ! unexpla9$1 ! unf9i%$1 or ev5 ! una*iev$1 are ! m>ks ( human feebl5ess1 b are also among ^? ( human tru?4 ,! unity ( ! :ole is unimpair$4 ,! /r5g? :i* is work+ x out1 ?\gh x may h at times disappo9t$ u1 %[s no holl[ness or exhau/ion4 ,! surprise ( disappo9tm5t is balanc$--!re is ! surprise ( unimag9$ excell5ce4 ,p[]s d m ?an !y promis$2 & t spontane\s & liv+ en]gy1 )\t :i* nei!r man nor poet c be tru/$1 & :i* %[$ its /r5g? ev5 9 its failures1 %[s x m abundantly 9 ! novelties ( success--by t\*+ sympa?ies :i* h nev] be5 t\*$ be=e1 by ! uncon/ra9$ fre%ness ) :i* x meets ! prov]bial & famili>1 by ! fre$om ) :i* x adju/s itself to a new position or an alt]$ task--by ! complet5ess1 un/udi$ & in/9ctive1 ) :i* x holds toge!r dissimil> & uncong5ial mat]ials1 & =ces ! mo/ intractable1 ! mo/ unaccu/om$ to submission1 to receive ! col\r ( ! :ole--by its ord]ly & unmi/akable onw>d m>*1 & its progress1 z 9 height1 s 9 :at corresponds to height4 ,x 0 "o & ! same man1 :o rose f ! despair1 ! agony1 ! vivid & vulg> horrors ( ! ,inf]no1 to ! s5se & imag9ation ( c]ta9ty1 s9lessness1 & joy ineffable--! same man ^: p[] & ^: sympa?ies fail$ him n1 :e!r discrim9at+ & enum]at+1 z if he _h gone ?r\gh !m all1 ! v>i\s =ms ( human suff]+1 f ! dull1 gnaw+ s5se ( ! loss ( happ9ess1 to ! inf9ite woes ( ! wreck$ & ru9$ _s1 & ! co>s] pangs ( ! mat]ial fle%2 or dwell+ on ! *angeful lights & %ades ( e>ne/ rep5tance1 9 its h>d1 b n unaid$ or ungladd5$ /ruggle1 & on t re/oration to lib]ty & peace1 :i* c *ange ev5 ?is life into p>adise1 & rev]se ! doom :i* made sorr[ our condition1 & laught] & joy unnatural & dang]\s--! p5alty ( t fir/ fault1 :i* ,9 pianto ed 9 affanno ,cambi one/o riso e dolce giuoco3 or ris+ f9ally above mortal exp]i5ce1 to imag9e ! fre$om ( ! sa9ts & ! peace ( et]nity4 ,9 ?is consi/s ! greatness ( 8 p[]4 ,x is n necess>y to read ?r\gh ! ,comm$ia to see x--op5 x :]e we please1 we see t he is on 8 way1 & :i!r he is go+2 episode & digression %>e 9 ! solemnity ( ! g5]al ord]4 ,& 8 greatness 0 m ?an t ( p[]4 ,t rea* & play ( sympa?y m9i/]$ to a noble wisdom1 :i* us$ x ?\ghtfully & consci\sly = a purpose to :i* great poetry _h nev] yet be5 appli$1 except 9 ! m\? ( prophets4 ,dante 0 a /]n man1 & m ?an /]n1 among 8 fell[s4 ,b he has left to ^? :o nev] saw 8 face an inh]itance ! mo/ preci\s2 he has left !m t :i*1 reflect+ & int]pret+ _! m9ds1 does s1 n to amuse1 n to bewild]1 n to w>p1 n to turn !m 9 ^u !mselves 9 di/ress or gloom or selfi%ness2 n m]ely to hold up a mirror to nature2 b to make !m true & make !m hopeful4 ,d>k z are 8 words ( individuals1 8 ?\ghts are n d>k or "o-sid$ ab\t mank9d2 8 is no *]i%$ & p]v]se sev]ity--8 fai? is too l>ge1 too real1 = su* a fault4 ,he did n write only ! ,inf]no4 ,& ! ,purgatorio & ! ,p>adiso are n an aft]?\ght1 a feebl] app5dix & comp5sation1 conceiv$ :5 too late1 to a f9i%$ :ole1 :i* has tak5 up into itself ! poet's real m9d4 ,n[h]e else 9 poetry ( equal p[] is !re ! same balanc$ view ( :at man is1 & may be2 n[h]e s wide a grasp %[n ( 8 v>i\s capacities1 s /rong a desire to f9d a due place & function = all 8 v>i\s dispositions4 ,:]e he /&s contra/$ 9 8 idea ( human life ) o!r poets1 :o h be5 m p[]ful expon5ts ( its sep>ate sides1 is 9 8 l>ge & tru?ful compreh5siv5ess4 ,fre% f ! ?\ght ( man's condition z a :ole1 fre% f ! ?\ght ( 8 goodness1 8 greatness1 8 p[]1 z well z ( 8 evil1 8 m9d is equally 9 tune :5 rejoic+ ov] 8 re/oration1 z :5 contemplat+ ! ru9s ( 8 fall4 ,he nev] lets g ! recollection t human life1 if x grovels at "o end 9 corruption & s91 & has to pass ?r\gh ! sweat & du/ & disfigurem5t ( e>?ly toil1 has ?r\gh\t1 comp5sations1 rem$ies1 functions1 sph]es innum]able ( pr(itable activity1 s\rces inexhau/ible ( delight & consolation--& at ! o!r end a p]fection :i* _c be nam$4 ,no "o ev] measur$ ! greatness ( man 9 all its =ms ) s true & yet ) s admir+ an eye1 & ) su* gl[+ hope1 z he :o has also portray$ s awfully man's littl5ess & vil5ess4 ,& he w5t f>!r--no "o :o c\ld und]/& & d homage to greatness 9 man1 ev] drew ! l9e s /rongly betwe5 greatness & goodness1 & s unhesitat+ly plac$ ! h]o ( ?is _w only--plac$ him 9 all 8 magnific5ce1 hon\r$ ) no timid or dissembl+ rev]5ce--at ! di/ance ( worlds1 bel[ ! place ( ! l[e/ sa9t4 ,^? :o "k ! ,div9a ,comm$ia be/1 w be/ "k h[ h>d x is to be ! int]pret] ( su* a m9d2 b !y w sympa?ise ) ! wi% to call att5tion to x4 ,!y "k1 & w\ld wi% o!rs also to "k1 n by he>say1 b by exp]i5ce1 ! p[] ( t wond]ful poem4 ,!y "k its au/]e1 yet subdu+ beauty2 !y "k :at =ce !re is1 9 its free & e>ne/ & solemn v]se1 to /r5g!n1 to tranquillise1 to console4 ,x is a small ?+ t x has ! secret ( ,nature & ,man2 t a few ke5 words h op5$ _! eyes to new sights 9 e>?1 & sea1 & sky2 h taught !m new my/]ies ( s\nd2 h made !m recognise1 9 di/9ct image or ?\ght1 fugitive feel+s1 or _! unhe$$ expression1 by look1 or ge/ure1 or motion2 t x has enri*$ ! public & collective memory ( society ) new in/ances1 nev] to be lo/1 ( human feel+ & =tune2 has *>m$ e> & m9d by ! music ( its /ately m>*1 & ! v>iety & complet5ess ( its plan4 ,b1 besides ?is1 !y "k h[ (t5 its s]i\sness has put to %ame _! trifl+1 its magnanimity _! fa9!>t$ness1 its liv+ en]gy _! indol5ce1 its /]n & sad gr&eur rebuk$ l[ ?\ghts1 its ?rill+ t5d]ness ov]come sull5ness & assuag$ di/ress1 its /rong fai? quell$ despair & soo!d p]plexity1 its va/ grasp imp>t$ ! s5se ( h>mony to ! view ( cla%+ tru?s4 ,!y "k h[ (t5 !y h f\nd1 9 times ( tr\ble1 if n light1 at lea/ t deep s5se ( reality1 p]man5t1 ?\gh unse51 :i* is m ?an light c always give--9 ! view :i* x has sugge/$ to !m ( ! judgm5ts & ! love ( ,god4#aej ,footnote #aej3 ,x is necess>y to /ate1 t ^! rem>ks 7 writt5 be=e we _h se5 ! *apt] on ,dante 9 ,italy1 pa/ & pres5t1 by ,l4 ,m>iotti4 ,_h we become acqua9t$ ) x e>li]1 we %\ld h _h to ref] to x (t51 9 ! way ( ackn[l$gm5t1 & z (t5 9 ! way ( /rong prote/4 ,,de ,,mon>*ia4 ,,book ,i4 ,i4--,x v greatly conc]ns all m5 on :om a high] nature has impress$#aea ! love ( tru?1 t1 z !y h be5 enri*$ by ! lab\r ( ^? be=e !m1 s !y also %\ld lab\r = ^? t are to come aft] !m1 to ! end t po/]ity may receive f !m an addition to its weal?4 ,= he is f> a/ray f 8 duty--let him n d\bt x--:o1 hav+ be5 tra9$ 9 ! lessons ( public bus9ess1 c>es n himself to contribute aught to ! public good4 ,he is no tree plant$ by ! wat]-side1 t br+e? =? 8 fruit 9 due season4 ,he is r ! dev\r+ :irlpool1 ev] engulf+1 b re/or+ no?+4 ,pond]+1 !re=e1 (t5 on ^! ?+s1 le/ "s day ,i %\ld h to answ] ! *>ge ( ! tal5t buri$ 9 ! e>?1 ,i desire n only to %[ ! budd+ promise1 b also to be> fruit = ! g5]al good1 & to set =? tru?s by o!rs unattempt$4 ,= :at fruit c he be said to be> :o %\ld g ab\t to demon/rate aga9 "s !orem ( ,euclid8 or :5 ,ari/otle has %[n u :at happ9ess is1 %\ld %[ x to u once m8 or :5 ,cic]o has be5 ! apologi/ ( old age1 %\ld a second "t und]take its def5ce8 ,su* squ&]+ ( lab\r w\ld only eng5d] we>9ess & n pr(it4 ,footnote #aea3 ,9 quos v]itatis amorem natura sup]ior impressit4 ,on ! anci5t idea 7,aug4 ,de ,tr94 iii4 #d2 ,aqu94 ,summ4 #a1 #ff1 #c7 ( ! influ5ce or impression ( high] natures on l[]1 cf4 ,p>ad4 i4 #ajc1 x4 #bi4 ,b see+ t among o!r tru?s1 ill-und]/ood yet pr(itable1 ! k t\*+ temporal mon>*y is at once mo/ pr(itable & mo/ obscure1 & t because x has no imm$iate ref]5ce to worldly ga9 x is left unexplor$ by all1 !re=e x is my purpose to draw x =? f its hid+-places1 z well t ,i may sp5d my toil = ! b5efit ( ! _w1 z t ,i may be ! fir/ to w9 ! prize ( s great an a*ievem5t to my own glory4 ,! "w inde$ is difficult1 & ,i am attempt+ :at is beyond my /r5g?2 b ,i tru/ n 9 my own p[]s1 b 9 ! light ( t ,b\ntiful ,giv]1 ,:o give? to all m5 lib]ally1 & upbraide? n4 ,,ii4--,fir/1 !re=e1 we mu/ see :at is x t is call$ ,temporal ,mon>*y1 9 its idea1 s to speak1 & accord+ to its purpose4 ,temporal ,mon>*y1 !n1 or1 z m5 call x1 ! ,empire1 is ! gov]nm5t ( "o pr9ce above all m5 9 "t1 or 9 ^? ?+s & ov] ^? ?+s :i* are measur$ by "t4 ,?ree great que/ions are ask$ conc]n+ x4 ,fir/1 !re is ! d\bt & ! "q1 is x necess>y = ! welf>e ( ! _w8 ,secondly1 did ! ,roman p take to itself by "r ! (fice ( ,mon>*y8 ,& ?irdly1 does ! au?ority ( ,mon>*y come f ,god directly1 or only f "s o!r m9i/] or vic> ( ,god8 ,n[1 s9ce e tru?1 :i* is n itself a fir/ pr9ciple1 becomes manife/ f ! tru? ( "s fir/ pr9ciple1 x is !re=e necess>y 9 e inquiry to h a k ( ! fir/ pr9ciple involv$1 to :i* by analysis we may g back = ! c]ta9ty ( all ! propositions :i* are aft]w>ds accept$4 ,& s9ce ?is treatise is an inquiry1 we mu/ beg9 by exam9+ ! fir/ pr9ciple on ! /r5g? ( :i* d$uctions are to re/4 ,x mu/ be und]/ood !n t !re are c]ta9 ?+s :i*1 s9ce !y are n subject to our p[]1 are matt]s ( speculation1 b n ( action3 su* are ,ma!matics & ,physics1 & ?+s div9e4 ,b !re are "s ?+s :i*1 s9ce !y are subject to our p[]1 are matt]s ( action z well z ( speculation1 & 9 !m we d n act = ! sake ( speculation1 b contr>iwise3 = 9 su* ?+s action is ! end4 ,n[1 s9ce ! matt] :i* we h 9 h& has to d ) /ates1 nay1 ) ! v orig9 & pr9ciple ( good =ms ( gov]nm5t1 & s9ce all t conc]ns /ates is subject to our p[]1 x is manife/ t our subject is n 9 ! fir/ place speculation1 b action4 ,& aga91 s9ce 9 matt]s ( action ! end s\ght is ! fir/ pr9ciple & cause ( all 7= t x is :i* fir/ moves ! ag5t to act71 x foll[s t all our me?od conc]n+ ! means :i* are set to ga9 ! end mu/ be tak5 f ! end4 ,= !re w be "o way ( cutt+ wood to build a h\se1 & ano!r to build a %ip4 ,t !re=e1 if x exi/s1 :i* is ! ultimate end = ! univ]sal civil ord] ( mank9d1 w be ! fir/ pr9ciple f :i* all ! tru? ( our future d$uctions w be suffici5tly manife/4 ,b x is folly to ?9k t !re is an end = ?is & = t p>ticul> civil ord]1 & yet n "o end = all4 ,,iii4--,n[1 !re=e1 we mu/ see :at is ! end ( ! :ole civil ord] ( m52 & :5 we h f\nd ?is1 !n1 z ! ,philosoph]#aeb says 9 8 book to ,nicoma*us1#aec ! half ( our lab\r w h be5 accompli%$4 ,& to r5d] ! "q cle>]1 we mu/ obs]ve t z !re is a c]ta9 end = :i* nature makes ! ?umb1 & ano!r1 diff]5t f ?is1 = :i* %e makes ! :ole h&1 & aga9 ano!r = :i* %e makes ! arm1 & ano!r diff]5t f all = :i* %e makes ! :ole man2 s !re is "o end = :i* %e ord]s ! individual man1 & ano!r = :i* %e ord]s ! family1 & ano!r end = ! city1 & ano!r = ! k+dom1 & f9ally an ultimate "o = :i* ! ,ev]la/+ ,god1 by ,8 art :i* is nature1 br+s into be+ ! :ole human race4 ,& ?is is :at we seek z a fir/ pr9ciple to guide our :ole inquiry4 ,footnote #aeb3 ,! common title = ,ari/otle f ! fir/ half ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,vide ,j\rda91 ,re*]*es sur les traductions d',ari/ote1 p4 #bab1 note4 ,footnote #aec3 ,ari/4 ,e?ics1 i4 #g4 ,let x !n be und]/ood t ,god & nature make no?+ to be idle4 ,:atev] comes into be+1 exi/s = "s op]ation or work+4 ,= no creat$ ess5ce is an ultimate end 9 ! creator's purpose1 s f> z he is a creator1 b r ! prop] op]ation ( t ess5ce4 ,!re=e x foll[s t ! op]ation does n exi/ = ! sake ( ! ess5ce1 b ! ess5ce = ! sake ( ! op]ation4 ,!re is !re=e a c]ta9 prop] op]ation ( ! :ole body ( human k9d1 = :i* ?is :ole body ( m5 9 all its multitudes is ord]$ & con/itut$1 b to :i* no "o man1 nor s+le family1 nor s+le neighb\rhood1 nor s+le city1 nor p>ticul> k+dom c atta94 ,:at ?is is w be manife/1 if we c f9d :at is ! f9al & *>act]i/ic capacity ( humanity z a :ole4 ,i say !n t no quality :i* is %>$ by diff]5t species ( ?+s is ! di/+ui%+ capacity ( any "o ( !m4 ,= 7 x s1 s9ce ?is capacity is t :i* makes ea* species :at x is1 x w\ld foll[ t "o ess5ce w\ld be specifically di/ribut$ to _m species1 :i* is impossible4 ,!re=e ! ultimate quality ( m5 is n exi/5ce1 tak5 simply2 = ! elem5ts %>e !re94 ,nor is x exi/5ce "u c]ta9 conditions2#aed = we f9d ?is 9 m9]als too4 ,nor is x exi/5ce ) life2 = plants too h life4 ,nor is x p]cipi5t exi/5ce2 = brutes %>e 9 ?is p[]4 ,x is to be p]cipi5t#aee ) ! possibility ( und]/&+1 = ?is quality falls to ! lot ( none b man1 ei!r above or bel[ him4 ,= ?\gh !re are o!r be+s :i* ) him h und]/&+1 yet ?is und]/&+ is n1 z man's1 capable ( developm5t4 ,= su* be+s are only c]ta9 intellectual natures1 & n any?+ besides1 & _! be+ is no?+ o!r ?an to und]/&2 :i* is )\t int]ruption1 o!rwise !y w\ld n be et]nal4 ,x is pla91 !re=e1 t ! di/+ui%+ quality ( humanity is ! faculty or ! p[] ( und]/&+4 ,footnote #aed3 ,esse complexionatum4 ,footnote #aee3 ,appreh5sivum p] intellectum possibilem4 ,v4 ,aqu94 ,i4 #gi1 #a1 #b1 #aj4 ,& because ?is faculty _c be realis$ 9 act 9 its entirety at "o "t by a s+le man1 nor by any ( ! individual societies :i* we h m>k$1 !re=e !re mu/ be multitude 9 ! human race1 9 ord] to realise x3 j z x is necess>y t !re %\ld be a multitude ( ?+s :i* c be br\ght into be+1#aef s t ! capacity ( ! primal matt] = be+ act$ on may be ev] op5 to :at acts on x4 ,= if ?is 7 n s1 we c\ld speak ( a capacity ap>t f its sub/ance1 :i* is impossible4 ,& ) ?is op9ion ,av]roes1 9 8 comm5t on ,ari/otle's treatise on ! ,s\l1 agrees4 ,= ! capacity = und]/&+1 ( :i* ,i speak1 is conc]n$ n only ) univ]sal =ms or species1 b also1 by a k9d ( ext5sion1 ) p>ticul> ones4 ,!re=e x is commonly said t ! speculative und]/&+ becomes practical by ext5sion2 & !n its end is to d & to make4 ,?is ,i say 9 ref]5ce to ?+s :i* may be done1 :i* are regulat$ by political wisdom1 & 9 ref]5ce to ?+s :i* may be made1 :i* are regulat$ by art2 all :i* ?+s wait z h&maid5s on ! speculative intellect1 z on t be/ good1 = :i* ! ,primal ,goodness creat$ ! human race4 ,h5ce ! say+ ( ! ,politics#aeg t ^? :o are /rong 9 und]/&+ are ! natural rul]s ( o!rs4 ,footnote #aef3 ,g5]abilium4 ,footnote #aeg3 ,ari/4 ,polit4 i4 #e1 #f4--7,w47 ,,iv4--,x has ?us be5 suffici5tly set =? t ! prop] "w ( ! human race1 tak5 z a :ole1 is to set 9 action ! :ole capacity ( t und]/&+ :i* is capable ( developm5t3 fir/ 9 ! way ( speculation1 & !n1 by its ext5sion1 9 ! way ( action4 ,& see+ t :at is true ( a "p is true also ( ! :ole1 & t x is by re/ & quiet t ! individual man becomes p]fect 9 wisdom & prud5ce2 s ! human race1 by liv+ 9 ! calm & tranquillity ( peace1 applies itself mo/ freely & easily to its prop] "w2 a "w :i*1 accord+ to ! say+2 ,?\ ha/ made him a little l[] ?an ! angels1 is almo/ div9e4 ,:5ce x is manife/ t ( all ?+s t are ord]$ to secure bless+s to m51 peace is ! be/4 ,& h5ce ! ^w :i* s\nd$ to ! %eph]ds f above 0 n ri*es1 nor pleasure1 nor hon\r1 nor l5g? ( life1 nor heal?1 nor /r5g?1 nor beauty2 b peace4 ,= ! heav5ly ho/ said3 ,glory to ,god 9 ! highe/1 & on e>?1 peace to m5 ( goodwill4 ,!re=e also1 ,peace be ) y1 0 ! salutation ( ! ,savi\r ( mank9d4 ,= x behov$ ,him1 :o 0 ! greate/ ( savi\rs1 to utt] 9 ,8 greet+ ! greate/ ( sav+ bless+s4 ,& ?is cu/om ,8 disciples too *ose to pres]ve2 & ,paul also did ! same 9 8 greet+s1 z may appe> manife/ to all4 ,n[ t we h decl>$ ^! matt]s1 x is pla9 :at is ! bett]1 nay ! be/1 way 9 :i* mank9d may atta9 to d its prop] "w4 ,& consequ5tly we h se5 ! readie/ means by :i* to arrive at ! po9t1 = :i* all our works are ord]$1 z _! ultimate end2 namely1 ! univ]sal peace1 :i* is to be assum$ z ! fir/ pr9ciple = our d$uctions4 ,z we said1 ?is assumption 0 necess>y1 = x is z a sign-po/ to u1 t into x we may resolve all t has to be prov$1 z into a mo/ manife/ tru?4 ,v4--,z !re=e we h already said1 !re are ?ree d\bts1 & ^! d\bts sugge/ ?ree que/ions1 conc]n+ ,temporal ,mon>*y1 :i* 9 m common spee* is call$ ! ,empire2 & our purpose is1 z we expla9$1 to inquire conc]n+ ^! que/ions 9 _! giv5 ord]1 & />t+ f ! fir/ pr9ciple :i* we h j laid d[n4 ,! fir/ "q1 !n1 is :e!r ,temporal ,mon>*y is necess>y = ! welf>e ( ! _w2 & t x is necess>y c1 ,i ?9k1 be %[n by ! /ronge/ & mo/ manife/ argum5ts2 = no?+1 ei!r ( reason or ( au?ority1 opposes me4 ,let u fir/ take ! au?ority ( ! ,philosoph] 9 8 ,politics4#aeh ,!re1 on 8 v5]able au?ority1 x is said t :]e a numb] ( ?+s are arrang$ to atta9 an end1 x behoves "o ( !m to regulate or gov]n ! o!rs1 & ! o!rs to submit4 ,& x is n only ! au?ority ( 8 illu/ri\s "n :i* makes ?is wor?y ( belief1 b also reason1 in/anc+ p>ticul>s4 ,footnote #aeh3 ,ari/4 ,polit4 i4 #e4 ,if we take ! case ( a s+le man1 we %all see ! same rule manife/$ 9 him3 all 8 p[]s are ord]$ to ga9 happ9ess2 b 8 und]/&+ is :at regulates & gov]ns all ! o!rs2 & o!rwise he w\ld nev] atta9 to happ9ess4 ,aga91 take a s+le h\sehold3 its end is to fit ! memb]s !re( to live well2 b !re mu/ be "o to regulate & rule x1 :o is call$ ! fa!r ( ! family1 or1 x may be1 "o :o holds 8 (fice4 ,z ! ,philosoph] says3 ,e h\se is rul$ by ! olde/4#aei ,&1 z ,hom] says1 x is 8 duty to make rules & laws = ! re/4 ,h5ce ! prov]bial curse3 ,may/ ?\ h an equal at home4#afj ,take a s+le village3 its end is suitable assi/ance z reg>ds p]sons & goods1 b "o 9 x mu/ be ! rul] ( ! re/1 ei!r set ov] !m by ano!r1 or ) _! cons5t1 ! head man among/ !m4 ,if x be n s1 n only d its inhabitants fail ( ?is mutual assi/ance1 b ! :ole neighb\rhood is sometimes :olly ru9$ by ! ambition ( _m1 :o ea* ( !m wi% to rule4 ,if1 aga91 we take a s+le city3 its end is to secure a good & suffici5t life to ! citiz5s2 b "o man mu/ be rul] 9 imp]fect#afa z well z 9 good =ms ( ! /ate4 ,if x is o!rwise1 n only is ! end ( civil life lo/1 b ! city too ceases to be :at x 04 ,la/ly1 if we take any "o k+dom1 ( :i* ! end is ! same z t ( a city1 only ) great] security = its tranquillity1 !re mu/ be "o k+ to rule & gov]n4 ,= if ?is is n s1 n only d 8 subjects miss _! end1 b ! k+dom itself falls to de/ruction1 accord+ to t ^w ( ! infallible tru?3 ,e k+dom divid$ aga9/ itself %all be br\ght to desolation4 ,if !n ?is holds good 9 ^! cases1 & 9 ea* individual ?+ :i* is ord]$ to "o c]ta9 end1 :at we h laid d[n is true4 ,footnote #aei3 ,ibid4 i4 #b1 #f1 quot+ ,hom4 ,od4 ix4 #aad4--7,w47 ,footnote #afj3 ,fic9us translates3 ,uno prov]bio *e quasi be/emmi&o dice1 ,abbi p>i 9 casa4 ,footnote #afa3 ,obliqua ,greek3 p>ekbaseis4 ,v4 ,ari/4 ,e?4 viii4 #aj2 ,pol4 iii4 #g4--7,w47 ,n[ x is pla9 t ! :ole human race is ord]$ to ga9 "s end1 z has be5 be=e %[n4 ,!re mu/1 !re=e1 be "o to guide & gov]n1 & ! prop] title = ?is (fice is ,mon>* or ,emp]or4 ,& s x is pla9 t ,mon>*y or ! ,empire is necess>y = ! welf>e ( ! _w4 ,,vi4--,& z ! "p is to ! :ole1 s is ! ord] ( p>ts to ! ord] ( ! :ole4 ,! "p is to ! :ole1 z to an end & highe/ good :i* is aim$ at2 &1 !re=e1 ! ord] 9 ! p>ts is to ! ord] 9 ! :ole1 z x is to ! end & highe/ good aim$ at4 ,h5ce we h x t ! goodness ( ! ord] ( p>ts does n exce$ ! goodness ( ! ord] ( ! :ole1 b t ! conv]se ( ?is is true4 ,!re=e we f9d a d\ble ord] 9 ! _w1 namely1 ! ord] ( p>ts 9 relation to ea* o!r1 & _! ord] 9 relation to "s "o ?+ :i* is n a "p 7z !re is 9 ! ord] ( ! p>ts ( an army 9 relation to ea* o!r1 & !n 9 relation to ! g5]al72 & ! ord] ( ! p>ts 9 relation to ! "o ?+ :i* is n a "p is ! high]1 = x is ! end ( ! o!r ord]1 & ! o!r exi/s = ! sake ( x4 ,!re=e1 if ! =m ( ?is ord] is f\nd 9 ! units ( ! mass ( mank9d1 mu* m may we argue by our syllogism t x is f\nd 9 mank9d consid]$ z a :ole2 = ?is latt] ord]1 or its =m1 is bett]4 ,b z 0 said 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 & x is suffici5tly pla91 ?is ord] is f\nd 9 all ! units ( ! mass ( mank9d4 ,!re=e x is1 or %\ld be1 f\nd 9 ! mass consid]$ z a :ole4 ,& !re=e all ! p>ts t we h m5tion$1 :i* are compris$ 9 k+doms1 & ! k+doms !mselves ought to be ord]$ ) ref]5ce to "o ,pr9ce or ,pr9c$om1 t is1 ) ref]5ce to a ,mon>* or ,mon>*y4 ,,vii4--,fur!r1 ! :ole human race is a :ole ) ref]5ce to c]ta9 p>ts1 &1 ) ref]5ce to ano!r :ole1 x is a "p4 ,= x is a :ole ) ref]5ce to p>ticul> k+doms & nations1 z we h %[n2 & x is a "p ) ref]5ce to ! :ole univ]se1 z is manife/ )\t argum5t4 ,!re=e1 z ! l[] portions ( ! :ole sy/em ( humanity are well adapt$ to t :ole1 s t :ole is said to be well adapt$ to ! :ole :i* is above x4 ,x is only "u ! rule ( "o pr9ce t ! p>ts ( humanity are well adapt$ to _! :ole1 z may easily be collect$ f :at we h said2 !re=e x is only by be+ "u "o ,pr9c$om1 or ! rule ( a s+le ,pr9ce1 t humanity z a :ole is well adapt$ to ! ,univ]se1 or its ,pr9ce1 :o is ! ,"o ,god4 ,& x !re=e foll[s t ,mon>*y is necess>y = ! welf>e ( ! _w4 ,,viii4--,& all is well & at its be/ :i* exi/s accord+ to ! w ( ! fir/ ag5t1 :o is ,god4 ,?is is self-evid5t1 except to ^? :o d5y t ! div9e goodness atta9s to absolute p]fection4 ,n[1 x is ! int5tion ( ,god t all creat$ ?+s %\ld repres5t ! lik5ess ( ,god1 s f> z _! prop] nature w admit4 ,!re=e 0 x said3 ,let u make man 9 our image1 aft] our lik5ess4 ,& ?\gh x c\ld n be said t ! l[] "p ( creation 0 made 9 ! image ( ,god1 yet all ?+s may be said to be aft] ,8 lik5ess1 = :at is ! :ole univ]se b ! footpr9t ( ! div9e goodness8 ,! human race1 !re=e1 is well1 nay at its be/ /ate1 :51 s f> z c be1 x is made l unto ,god4 ,b ! human race is !n mo/ made l unto ,god :5 mo/ x is "o2 = ! true pr9ciple ( on5ess is 9 ,him alone4 ,:]e=e x is writt53 ,he>1 ,o ,israel2 ! ,"l ?y ,god is "o ,god4 ,b ! race ( man is mo/ "o :5 x is unit$ :olly 9 "o body1 & x is evid5t t ?is _c be1 except :5 x is subject to "o pr9ce4 ,!re=e 9 ?is subjection mank9d is mo/ made l unto ,god1 &1 9 consequ5ce1 su* a subjection is 9 accordance ) ! div9e int5tion1 & x is inde$ well & be/ = man :5 ?is is s1 z we %[$ at ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt]4 ,,ix4--,aga91 ?+s are well & at _! be/ ) e son :5 he foll[s1 s f> z by 8 prop] nature he c1 ! foot/eps ( a p]fect fa!r4 ,mank9d is ! son ( heav51 :i* is mo/ p]fect 9 all its works2 = x is man & ! sun :i* produce man1 accord+ to ! second book on ,natural ,le>n+4#afb ,! human race1 !re=e1 is at its be/ :5 x imitates ! movem5ts ( heav51 s f> z human nature all[s4 ,& s9ce ! :ole heav5 is regulat$ ) "o motion1 to wit1 t ( ! primum mobile1 & by "o mov]1 :o is ,god1 9 all its p>ts1 movem5ts1 & mov]s 7& ?is human reason readily seizes f sci5ce72 !re=e1 if our argum5t be correct1 ! human race is at its be/ /ate :51 bo? 9 its movem5ts1 & 9 reg>d to ^? :o move x1 x is regulat$ by a s+le ,pr9ce1 z by ! s+le movem5t ( heav51 & by "o law1 z by ! s+le motion4 ,!re=e x is evid5tly necess>y = ! welf>e ( ! _w = !re to be a ,mon>*y1 or s+le ,pr9c$om1 :i* m5 call ! ,empire4 ,& ?is ?\ght did ,boe?ius brea! :5 he said3 ,oh happy race ( m51 if y\r he>ts are rul$ by ! love :i* rules ! heav54#afc ,footnote #afb3 ,ari/4 ,phys4 ,ausc4 ii4 #b4--7,w47 ,footnote #afc3 ,de ,consol4 ,phil4 ii4 met4 #h4--7,w47 ,x4--,:]ev] !re is controv]sy1 !re ought to be judgm5t1 o!rwise !re w\ld be imp]fection )\t its prop] rem$y1#afd :i* is impossible2 = ,god & ,nature1 9 ?+s necess>y1 d n fail 9 _! provisions4 ,b x is manife/ t !re may be controv]sy betwe5 any two pr9ces1 :]e ! "o is n subject to ! o!r1 ei!r f ! fault ( !mselves1 or ev5 ( _! subjects4 ,!re=e betwe5 !m !re %\ld be means ( judgm5t4 ,& s9ce1 :5 "o is n subject to ! o!r1 he _c be judg$ by ! o!r 7= !re is no rule ( equals ov] equals71 !re mu/ be a ?ird pr9ce ( wid] jurisdiction1 )9 ! circle ( ^: laws bo? may come4 ,ei!r he w or he w n be a ,mon>*4 ,if he is1 we h :at we s\ght2 if n1 !n ?is "o aga9 w h an equal1 :o is n subject to 8 jurisdiction1 & !n aga9 we h ne$ ( a ?ird4 ,& s we mu/ ei!r g on to inf9ity1 :i* is impossible1 or we mu/ come to t judge :o is fir/ & highe/2 by ^: judgm5t all controv]sies %all be ei!r directly or indirectly decid$2 & he w be ,mon>* or ,emp]or4 ,mon>*y is !re=e necess>y to ! _w1 & ?is ! ,philosoph] saw :5 he said3 ,! _w is n int5d$ to be dispos$ 9 evil ord]2 '9 a multitude ( rul]s !re is evil1 !re=e let !re be "o pr9ce4'#afe ,footnote #afd3 ,s9e proprio p]fectivo4 ,footnote #afe3 ,ari/4 ,metaphys4 xii4 #aj1 :o quotes f ,hom4 ,il4 ii4 #bjd4--7,w47 ,,xi4--,fur!r1 ! _w is ord]$ be/ :5 ju/ice is mo/ p>am\nt !re93 :5ce ,virgil1 wi%+ to celebrate t age1 :i* 9 8 own "t seem$ to be aris+1 sang 9 8 ,bucolics3#aff ,n[ do? ! ,virg9 return1 & ! k+dom ( ,saturn4 ,= ,ju/ice 0 nam$ ! ,virg91 & also ,a/ra4 ,! k+dom ( ,saturn 0 ! good "t1 :i* !y also call$ ! ,gold5 ,age4 ,b ,ju/ice is p>am\nt only 9 a ,mon>*y1 & !re=e a ,mon>*y1 t is1 ! ,empire1 is ne$$ if ! _w is to be ord]$ = ! be/4 ,= bett] pro( ( ?is assumption x mu/ be recognis$ t ,ju/ice1 consid]$ 9 itself1 & 9 its prop] nature1 is a c]ta9 rightness or rule ( conduct1 :i* rejects on ei!r side all t deviates f x4 ,x is l :it5ess consid]$ z an ab/raction1 n admitt+ ( degrees4 ,= !re are c]ta9 =ms ( ?is sort :i* belong to ?+s comp\nd$1 & exi/ !mselves 9 a simple & un*ang+ ess5ce1 z#afg ! ,ma/] ( ! ,six ,pr9ciples rightly says4 ,yet qualities ( ?is sort admit ( degrees on ! "p ( _! subjects ) :i* !y are connect$1 accord+ z 9 _! subjects m or less ( _! contr>ies is m+l$4 ,ju/ice1 !re=e1 is /ronge/ 9 man1 bo? z a /ate ( m9d & 9 practice1 :]e !re is lea/ admixture ( its opposite2 & !n we may say ( x1 9 ! words ( ! ,philosoph]1 t nei!r ! /> ( morn+ nor ( ev5+ is s admirable4#afh ,= !n is x l ,phoebe1 :5 %e looks across ! heav5s at h] bro!r f ! purple ( ! morn+ calm4 ,footnote #aff3 ,ecl4 iv4 #f4 ,footnote #afg3 ,gilb]t de la ,porre1 dagg] symbol#aaed4 ,! ,six ,pr9ciples 7 ! la/ six ( ! ,t5 ,categories ( ,ari/otle1 & ! book became "o ( ! *ief elem5t>y logic-books ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,vide ,haurau1 ,philosophie ,scola/ique1 #a;e ,p>tie1 p4 #deb4 ,footnote #afh3 ,f ,ari/4 ,e?ics1 v4 #a4--7,w47 ,n[ ,ju/ice1 z a /ate ( m9d1#afi has a =ce :i* opposes x 9 ! w2 = :]e ! w ( a man is n pure f all desire1 !n1 ?\gh !re be ,ju/ice1 yet !re is n ,ju/ice 9 all its ideal brightness2 = !re is 9 t man1 h[ev] little1 yet 9 "s degree1 an oppos+ =ce2 & !re=e !y1 :o w\ld "w on ! feel+s#agj ( a judge1 are rightly repell$4 ,b1 9 practice1#aga ,ju/ice f9ds an oppos+ =ce 9 :at m5 are able to d4 ,=1 see+ t x is a virtue regulat+ our conduct t[>ds o!r m51 h[ %all any act accord+ to ,ju/ice if he has n ! p[] ( r5d]+ to all _! due8 ,!re=e x is pla9 t ! op]ation ( ,ju/ice w be wide 9 proportion to ! p[] ( ! j man4 ,footnote #afi3 ,quantum ad habitum4 ,footnote #agj3 ,passion>e4 ,footnote #aga3 ,quantum ad op]ationem4 ,f ?is let u argue3 ,ju/ice is /ronge/ 9 ! _w :5 x is 9 "o :o is mo/ will+ & mo/ p[]ful2 only ! ,mon>* is ?is2 !re=e1 only :5 ,ju/ice is 9 ! ,mon>* is x /ronge/ 9 ! _w4 ,?is pro-syllogism goes on ?r\gh ! second figure1 ) an involv$ negative1 & is l ?is3 ,all ,b is ,a2 only ,c is ,a2 !re=e only ,c is ,b3 or all ,b is ,a2 no?+ b ,c is ,a2 !re=e no?+ b ,c is ,b4 ,our previ\s explanation makes ! fir/ proposition app>5t3 ! second is prov$ ?us1 fir/ 9 reg>d to w1 & secondly 9 reg>d to p[]4 ,fir/ x mu/ be obs]v$ t ! /ronge/ oppon5t ( ,ju/ice is ,appetite1 z ,ari/otle intimates 9 ! fif? book to ,nicoma*us4#agb ,remove ,appetite altoge!r1 & !re rema9s no?+ adv]se to ,ju/ice2 & !re=e x is ! op9ion ( ! ,philosoph] t no?+ %\ld be left to ! judge1 if x c be decid$ by law2#agc & ?is ought to be done = fe> ( ,appetite1 :i* easily p]v]ts m5's m9ds4 ,:]e1 !n1 !re is no?+ to be wi%$ =1 !re c be no ,appetite1 = ! passions _c exi/ if _! objects are de/roy$4 ,b ! ,mon>* has no?+ to desire1 = 8 jurisdiction is b\nd$ only by ! ocean2 & ?is is n ! case ) o!r pr9ces1 ^: k+doms are b\nd$ by ^? ( _! neighb\rs2 z1 = in/ance1 ! k+dom ( ,ca/ile is b\nd$ by ! k+dom ( ,aragon4 ,f :i* x foll[s t ! ,mon>* is able to be ! pure/ embodim5t ( ,ju/ice among m54 ,footnote #agb3 ,e?4 v4 #b4--7,w47 ,footnote #agc3 ,rhetoric1 i4 #a4--7,w47 ,fur!r1 z ,appetite 9 "s degree1 h[ev] small1 cl\ds ! habit ( ,ju/ice1 s does ,*>ity1 or rightly-direct$ affection1 %>p5 & enlight5 x4 ,9 :omsoev]1 !re=e1 rightly-direct$ affection may *iefly dwell1 9 him may ,ju/ice be/ h place3 & ( ?is sort is ! ,mon>*4 ,!re=e :]e a ,mon>* reigns ,ju/ice is1 or at lea/ may be1 /ronge/4 ,t rightly-direct$ affections "w z we h said1 we may see ?us3 ,appetite1 scorn+#agd :at 9 itself belongs to man1 seeks = o!r ?+s outside him2 b ,*>ity sets aside all else1 & seeks ,god & man1 & consequ5tly ! good ( man4 ,& s9ce ( all ! good ?+s t m5 c h ! greate/ is to live 9 peace 7z we h already said71 & z x is ,ju/ice :i* mo/ *iefly br+s peace1 !re=e ,*>ity w *iefly make ,ju/ice /rong1 & ! m s 9 proportion to its own /r5g?4 ,footnote #agd3 ,p]seitas hom9um facultas p] se subsi/5di4--,,ducange4 ,& x is cle> t "r affections ought to exi/ 9 a ,mon>* m ?an 9 any o!r man = ?is reason3 ! object ( love is ! m lov$ ! ne>] x is to him t loves2 b m5 are ne>] to a ,mon>* ?an !y are to o!r pr9ces2 !re=e x is by a ,mon>* t !y are1 or ought to be1 mo/ lov$4 ,! fir/ proposition is manife/ if ! nature ( activity & passivity are consid]$4 ,! second is manife/ because m5 are br\ght ne> to a ,mon>* 9 _! totality1#age b to o!r pr9ces only p>tially2 & x is only by means ( ! ,mon>* t m5 are br\ght ne> o!r pr9ces at all4 ,?us ! ,mon>* c>es = all prim>ily & directly1 :]eas o!r pr9ces only c>e = _! subjects ?r\gh ! ,mon>*1 & because _! c>e = _! subjects desc5ds f ! supreme c>e ( ! ,mon>*4 ,footnote #age3 ,secundum totum4 ,aga91 a cause has ! nature ( a cause 9 proportion z x is m univ]sal2 = ! l[] cause is su* only on acc\nt ( ! high] "o1 z appe>s f ! ,treatise on ,causes4#agf ,&1 9 proportion z a cause is really a cause1 x loves :at x effects2 = su* love foll[s ! cause by itself4 ,n[ ,mon>*y is ! mo/ univ]sal cause ( m5 liv+ well1 = o!r pr9ces "w only ?r\gh ! ,mon>*1 z we h said2 & x !re=e foll[s t x is ! ,mon>* :o w mo/ *iefly love ! good ( m54 ,b t 9 practice ! ,mon>* is mo/ dispos$ to "w ,ju/ice1 :o c d\bt1 except inde$ a man :o und]/&s n ! mean+ ( ! ^w8 = if he be really a ,mon>* he _c h enemies4 ,footnote #agf3 ,a compilation f ! ,arabians1 or p]haps ,ari/otle or ,proclus1 :i*1 "u v>i\s names1 pass$ = a "w ( ,ari/otle1 & is ascrib$ by ,alb]t ! ,great to a c]ta9 ,david ! ,jew4 ,x is quot$ 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 & 0 comm5t$ on by ,alb]t & ,?omas ,aqu9as4 ,vide ,j\rda91 ,re*]*es sur les traductions d',ari/ote 7#ahdb71 pp4 #aad1 #ahd1 #aic1 #aie1 #dde2 ,philosophie de ,s4 ,?omas 7#aheh71 i4 #id4 ,! pr9ciple assum$ be+ !re=e suffici5tly expla9$1 ! conclusion is c]ta91 to wit1 t a ,mon>* is necess>y t ! _w may be ord]$ = ! be/4 ,,xii4--,aga91 ! human race is ord]$ be/ :5 x is mo/ free4 ,?is w be manife/ if we see :at is ! pr9ciple ( fre$om4 ,x mu/ be und]/ood t ! fir/ pr9ciple ( our fre$om is fre$om ( w1 :i* _m h 9 _! m\?1 b few inde$ und]/&4 ,= !y come s f> z to say t ! fre$om ( ! w means a free judgm5t conc]n+ w4 ,& ?is is true4 ,b :at is meant by ! words is f> f !m3 & !y d j z our logicians d all day long ) c]ta9 propositions :i* are set z examples 9 ! books ( logic1 z t1 ! ?ree angles ( a triangle are equal to two "r angles4#agg ,footnote #agg3 ,cf4 ,ari/4 ,magna ,moral4 i4 #a3 ,x w\ld be absurd if a man1 wi%+ to prove t ! angles ( a triangle 7 equal to two "r angles1 assum$ z 8 pr9ciple t ! s\l is immortal4--,,witte4 ,!re=e ,i say t ,judgm5t is betwe5 ,appreh5sion & ,appetite4 ,fir/1 a man appreh5ds a ?+2 !n he judges x to be good or bad2 !n he pursues or avoids x accord+ly4 ,if !re=e ! ,judgm5t guides ! ,appetite :olly1 & 9 no way is =e/all$ by ! ,appetite1 !n is ! ,judgm5t free4 ,b if ! ,appetite 9 any way at all =e/alls ! ,judgm5t & guides x1 !n ! ,judgm5t _c be free3 x is n its own3 x is captive to ano!r p[]4 ,!re=e ! brute bea/s _c h fre$om ( ,judgm5t2 = 9 !m ! ,appetite always =e/alls ! ,judgm5t4 ,!re=e1 too1 x is t intellectual be+s ^: wills are un*angeable1 & s\ls :i* are sep>ate f ! body1 :i* h gone h5ce 9 peace1 d n lose ! fre$om ( _! wills1 because _! wi%es _c *ange2 nay1 x is 9 full /r5g? & complet5ess t _! wills are free4#agh ,footnote #agh3 ,cf4 ,purgatorio1 xviii4 #bb4--,,witte4 ,x is !re=e aga9 manife/ t ?is lib]ty1 or ?is pr9ciple ( all our lib]ty1 is ! greate/ gift be/[$ by ,god on mank9d3 by x alone we ga9 happ9ess#agi z m53 by x alone we ga9 happ9ess else:]e z gods4#ahj ,b if ?is is s1 :o w say t human k9d is n 9 its be/ /ate1 :5 x c mo/ use ?is pr9ciple8 ,b he :o lives "u a ,mon>*y is mo/ free4 ,!re=e let x be und]/ood t he is free :o exi/s n = ano!r's sake b = 8 own1 z ! ,philosoph]1 9 8 ,treatise ( simple ,be+1 ?\ght4#aha ,= ev]y?+ :i* exi/s = ! sake ( "s o!r ?+1 is necessitat$ by t o!r ?+1 z a road has to run to its orda9$ end4 ,m5 exi/ = !mselves1 & n at ! pleasure ( o!rs1 only if a ,mon>* rules2 = !n only are ! p]v]t$ =ms ( gov]nm5t set "r1 :ile democracies1 olig>*ies1 & tyrannies1 drive mank9d into slav]y1 z is obvi\s to any :o goes ab\t among !m all2 & public p[]#ahb is 9 ! h&s ( k+s & ari/ocracies1 :i* !y call ! rule ( ! be/1 & *ampions ( popul> lib]ty4 ,& because ! ,mon>* loves 8 subjects mu*1 z we h se51 he wi%es all m5 to be good1 :i* _c be ! case 9 p]v]t$ =ms ( gov]nm5t3#ahc !re=e ! ,philosoph] says1 9 8 ,politics3#ahd ,9 ! bad /ate ! good man is a bad citiz51 b 9 a good /ate ! two co9cide4 ,good /ates 9 ?is way aim at lib]ty1 t 9 !m m5 may live = !mselves4 ,! citiz5s exi/ n = ! good ( consuls1 nor ! nation = ! good ( its k+2 b ! consuls = ! good ( ! citiz5s1 & ! k+ = ! good ( 8 nation4 ,= z ! laws are made to suit ! /ate1 & n ! /ate to suit ! laws1 s ^? :o live "u ! laws are n ord]$ = ! legislator1 b he = !m2#ahe z also ! ,philosoph] holds1 9 :at he has left u on ! pres5t subject4 ,h5ce1 too1 x is cle> t al?\gh ! k+ or ! consul rule ov] ! o!r citiz5s 9 respect ( ! means#ahf ( gov]nm5t1 yet 9 respect ( ! end ( gov]nm5t !y are ! s]vants ( ! citiz5s1 & especially ! ,mon>*1 :o1 )\t d\bt1 mu/ be held ! s]vant ( all4 ,?us x becomes cle> t ! ,mon>* is b\nd by ! end appo9t$ to himself 9 mak+ 8 laws4 ,!re=e mank9d is be/ (f "u a ,mon>*y1 & h5ce x foll[s t ,mon>*y is necess>y = ! welf>e ( ! _w4 ,footnote #agi3 ,felicitamur4 ,footnote #ahj3 ,ut ,dii2 cf4 ,p>adiso1 v4 #ai4--,,witte4 ,footnote #aha3 ,i4e4 ,metaphys4 #a1 #b4--7,w47 ,footnote #ahb3 ,politizant reges4 ,footnote #ahc3 ,oblique politizantes4 ,footnote #ahd3 ,polit4 iii4 #d4 ,footnote #ahe3 ,ibid4 iii4 #af1 #ag4--7,w47 ,footnote #ahf3 ,respectu vi 444 respectu t]m9i4 ,,xiii4--,fur!r1 he :o c be be/ fitt$ to rule c be/ fit o!rs4 ,= 9 e action ! ma9 end ( ! ag5t1 :e!r act+ by necessity ( nature or volunt>ily1 is to unfold 8 own lik5ess2 & !re=e e ag5t1 s f> z he is ( ?is sort1 delights 9 action4 ,= s9ce all t is desires its own exi/5ce1 & s9ce ! ag5t 9 act+ enl>ges 8 own exi/5ce 9 "s way1 delight foll[s action ( necessity2 = delight is insep>able f ga9+ :at is desir$4 ,no?+ !re=e acts unless x is ( su* sort z t :i* is act$ on ought to be2 !re=e ! ,philosoph] said 9 8 ,metaphysics1#ahg ,ev]y?+ :i* becomes actual f be+ pot5tial1 becomes s by means ( some?+ actual ( ! same k9d1 & 7 any?+ to try to act 9 any o!r way x w\ld fail4 ,h5ce we may ov]?r[ ! error ( ^? :o ?9k to =m ! moral "* ( o!rs by speak+ well & do+ ill2 =gett+ t ! h&s ( ,jacob 7 m p]suasive ) 8 fa!r ?an 8 words1 ?\gh 8 h&s deceiv$ & 8 voice spake tru?4 ,h5ce ! ,philosoph]1 to ,nicoma*us3 ,9 matt]s ( feel+ & action1 words are less to be tru/$ ?an de$s4#ahh ,& !re=e ,god said to ,david 9 8 s91 ,:at ha/ ?\ to d to decl>e my /atutes8 z ?\gh ,he w\ld say1 ,?\ speake/ 9 va91 = ?\ art diff]5t f :at ?\ speake/4 ,h5ce x may be ga!r$ t he ne$s to be fitt$ = 8 "w 9 ! be/ way :o wi%es to fit o!rs4 ,footnote #ahg3 ,metaphys4 ix4 #h4--7,w47 ,footnote #ahh3 ,ari/4 ,e?4 x4 #a4--7,w47 ,b ! ,mon>* is ! only "o :o c be fitt$ 9 ! be/ possible way to gov]n4 ,:i* is ?us prov$3 ,ea* ?+ is ! m easily & p]fectly qualifi$ = any habit1 or actual "w1 ! less !re is 9 x ( :at is contr>y to su* a disposition4 ,!re=e1 !y :o h nev] ev5 he>d ( philosophy1 arrive at a habit ( tru? 9 philosophy m easily & completely ?an ^? :o h li/5$ to x at odd times1 & are fill$ ) false op9ions4 ,= :i* reason ,gal5 well says3 ,su* z ^! require d\ble "t to acquire k4#ahi ,a ,mon>* !n has no?+ to tempt appetite1 or1 at lea/1 less ?an any o!r man1 z we h %[n be=e2 :]eas o!r pr9ces h mu*2 & appetite is ! only corrupt] ( righte\sness1 & ! only imp$im5t to ju/ice4 ,a ,mon>* !re=e is :olly1 or at lea/ m ?an any o!r pr9ce1 dispos$ to gov]n well3 = 9 him !re may be judgm5t & ju/ice m /rongly ?an 9 any o!r4 ,b ^! two ?+s are ! pre-em95t attributes ( a mak] ( law1 & ( an executor ( law1 z t mo/ holy k+ ,david te/ifi$ :5 he ask$ ( ,god ! ?+s :i* 7 befitt+ ! k+1 & ! k+'s son1 say+3 ,give ! k+ ?y judgm5t1 ,o ,god1 & ?y righte\sness unto ! k+'s son4#aij ,footnote #ahi3 ,de cognosc4 animi morbis1 c4 #aj4--,,witte4 ,footnote #aij3 ,cf4 ,p>ad4 xiii4 #ie4--7,w47 ,we 7 "r !n :5 we assum$ t only ! ,mon>* c be be/ fitt$ to rule4 ,!re=e only ! ,mon>* c 9 ! be/ way fit o!r m54 ,!re=e x foll[s t ,mon>*y is necess>y = ! be/ ord]+ ( ! _w4 ,,xiv4--,& :]e a ?+ c be done by "o ag5t1 x is bett] to d x by "o ?an by sev]al1 = ?is reason3 ,let x be possible to d a c]ta9 ?+ by means ( ,a1 & also by means ( ,a & ,b4 ,if !re=e :at is done by ,a & ,b c be done by ,a alone1 x is useless to add ,b2 = no?+ foll[s f ! addition2 = ! same end :i* ,a & ,b produc$ is produc$ also by ,a4 ,all additions ( ?is k9d are useless & sup]flu\s3 all t is sup]flu\s is displeas+ to ,god & ,nature3 & all t is displeas+ to ,god & ,nature is bad1 z is manife/4 ,x !re=e foll[s n only t x is bett] t a ?+ %\ld be done by "o ?an by _m ag5ts1 if x is possible to produce ! effect by "o2 b also t to produce ! effect by "o is good1 & to produce x by _m is simply bad4 ,aga91 a ?+ is said to be bett] by be+ ne>] to ! be/1 & ! end has ! nature ( ! be/4 ,b = a ?+ to be done by "o ag5t is bett]1 = s x comes ne>] to ! end4 ,& t s x comes ne>] is manife/2 = let ,c be ! end :i* may be rea*$ by ,a1 or by ,a & ,b toge!r3 pla9ly x is long] to rea* ,c by ,a & ,b toge!r ?an by ,b alone4 ,b mank9d may be gov]n$ by "o supreme pr9ce1 :o is1 ! ,mon>*4 ,b x mu/ be c>efully obs]v$ t :5 we say t mank9d may be rul$ by "o supreme pr9ce1 we d n mean t ! mo/ trifl+ judgm5ts = ea* p>ticul> t[n are to proce$ imm$iately f him4 ,= municipal laws sometimes fail1 & ne$ guidance1 z ! ,philosoph] %[s 9 8 fif? book to ,nicoma*us1 :5 he praises equity4#aia ,= nations & k+doms & /ates h1 ea* ( !m1 c]ta9 peculi>ities :i* mu/ be regulat$ by diff]5t laws4 ,= law is ! rule :i* directs life4 ,?us ! ,scy?ians ne$ "o rule1 = !y live beyond ! sev5? climate1#aib & suff] cold :i* is almo/ unbe>able1 f ! great inequality ( _! days & nights4 ,b ! ,g>amantes ne$ a diff]5t law1 = _! c\ntry is equ9octial1 & !y _c we> _m clo!s1 f ! excessive heat ( ! air1 because ! day is z long z ! d>kness ( ! night4 ,b our mean+ is t x is 9 ^? matt]s :i* are common to all m51 t m5 %\ld be rul$ by "o ,mon>*1 & be gov]n$ by a rule common to !m all1 ) a view to _! peace4 ,& ! individual pr9ces mu/ receive ?is rule ( life or law f him1 j z ! practical intellect receives its major premiss f ! speculative intellect1 "u :i* x places its own p>ticul> premiss1 & !n draws its p>ticul> conclusion1 ) a view to action4 ,& x is n only possible = "o man to act z we h describ$2 x is necess>y t x %\ld proce$ f "o man only to avoid confusion 9 our fir/ pr9ciples4 ,moses himself wrote 9 8 law t he _h act$ ?us4 ,= he took ! eld]s ( ! tribes ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 & left to !m ! less] judgm5ts1 res]v+ to himself su* z 7 m important1 & wid] 9 _! scope2 & ! eld]s c>ri$ ^! wid] ones to _! tribes1 accord+ z !y 7 applicable to ea* sep>ate tribe4 ,footnote #aia3 ,e?4 v4 #ad4--7,w47 ,footnote #aib3 ,ptolemy1 ! m$ival au?ority on geography1 divid$ ! kn[n _w into ,greek3 klimata1 zones ( slope t[>ds ! pole1 or belts ( latitude1 eight ( :i* f ! equ9octial to ! m\?s ( ! ,tanais & ! ,riphan m\nta9s4 ,! sev5? clima pass$ ov] ! m\?s ( ! ,bory/h5es4 ,see ,m]cator's map 9 ,b]tius' ,!atrum ,geographi ,vet]is 7#afah71 art4 ,ptolemy 9 ,smi?'s ,diction>y ( ,biography1 p4 #egg4 ,diction>y ( ,antiquities1 art4 ,clima4 ,!re=e x is bett] = ! human race to be rul$ by "o ?an by _m1 & !re=e !re %\ld be a ,mon>*1 :o is a s+le pr9ce2 & if x is bett]1 x is m acceptable to ,god1 s9ce ,god always wills :at is be/4 ,& s9ce ( ^! two ways ( gov]nm5t ! "o is n only ! bett]1 b ! be/ ( all1 x foll[s n only t ?is "o is m acceptable to ,god z betwe5 "o & _m1 b t x is ! mo/ acceptable4 ,!re=e x is be/ = ! human race to be gov]n$ by "o man2 & ,mon>*y is necess>y = ! welf>e ( ! _w4 ,,xv4--,i say also t ,be+1 & ,unity1 & ! ,good come 9 ord] aft] ! fif? mode ( priority4#aic ,= ,be+ comes by nature be=e ,unity1 & ,unity be=e ,good4 ,:]e ,be+ is mo/1 !re ,unity is greate/2 & :]e ,unity is greate/1 !re ,good is also greate/2 & 9 proportion z any?+ is f> f ,be+ 9 its highe/ =m1 is x f> f ,unity1 & !re=e f ,good4 ,!re=e 9 e k9d ( ?+s1 t :i* is mo/ "o is be/1 z ! ,philosoph] holds 9 ! treatise ab\t simple ,be+4 ,!re=e x appe>s t to be "o is ! root ( ,good1 & to be _m ! root ( ,evil4 ,!re=e1 ,py?agoras 9 8 p>allel tables plac$ ! "o1 or ,unity1 "u ! l9e ( good1 & ! _m "u ! l9e ( ,evil2 z appe>s f ! fir/ book ( ! ,metaphysics4#aid ,h5ce we may see t to s9 is no?+ else ?an to pass on f ! "o :i* we despise & to seek _m ?+s1 z ! ,psalmi/ saw :5 he said3 ,by ! fruit ( _! corn & w9e & oil1 are !y multipli$4#aie ,footnote #aic3 ,ari/4 ,categ41 e4g43 ,priority is said 9 five ways--#a4 ,fir/ 9 "t4 #b4 ,fir/ 9 pre-supposition4 #c4 ,fir/ 9 ord]4 #d4 ,fir/ 9 excell5ce4 #e4 ,fir/ 9 logical sequ5ce4 ,footnote #aid3 ,v4 ,ari/4 ,metaph4 #a1 #e2 ,e?ics i4 #d2 cf4 ,ritt] & ,prell]1 ,hi/4 ,philos4 sec4 #aje4 ,footnote #aie3 ,ps4 iv4 #h 7vulg474 ,h5ce x is pla9 t :atev] is good1 is good = ?is reason1 t x consi/s 9 unity4 ,& because concord is a good ?+ 9 s f> z x is concord1 x is manife/ t x consi/s 9 a c]ta9 unity1 z its prop] root1 ! nature ( :i* w appe> if we f9d ! real nature ( concord4 ,concord !n is ! uni=m motion ( _m wills2 & h5ce x appe>s t a unity ( wills1 by :i* is meant _! uni=m motion1 is ! root ( concord1 nay1 concord itself4 ,= z we %\ld say t _m clods ( e>? are concordant1 because t !y all gravitate toge!r t[>ds ! c5tre2 & t _m flames are concordant because t !y all asc5d toge!r t[>ds ! circumf]5ce1 if !y did ?is ( _! own free w1 s we say t _m m5 are 9 concord because t !y are all mov$ toge!r1 z reg>ds _! will+1 to "o ?+1 :i* "o ?+ is =mally 9 _! wills j z !re is "o quality =mally 9 ! clods ( e>?1 t is gravity1 & "o 9 ! flame ( fire1 t is lightness4 ,= ! =ce ( will+ is a c]ta9 p[]2 b ! quality ( good :i* x appreh5ds is its =m2 :i* =m1 l z o!rs1 be+ "o is multipli$ 9 itself1 accord+ to ! multiplication ( ! matt]s :i* receive x1 z ! s\l1 & numb]s1 & o!r =ms :i* belong to :at is comp\nd4#aif ,footnote #aif3 ,on ! s*ola/ic doctr9e ( =ms1 v4 ,?om4 ,aqu94 ,summ4 ,i4 #aje1 art4 #d4 ,to expla9 our assumption z we propos$1 let u argue ?us3 ,all concord dep5ds on unity :i* is 9 wills2 ! human race1 :5 x is at its be/1 is a k9d ( concord2 = z "o man at 8 be/ is a k9d ( concord1 & z ! l is true ( ! family1 ! city1 & ! k+dom2 s is x ( ! :ole human race4 ,!re=e ! human race at its be/ dep5ds on ! unity :i* is 9 w4 ,b ?is _c be unless !re be "o w to be ! s+le mi/ress & regulat+ influ5ce ( all ! re/4 ,= ! wills ( m51 on acc\nt ( ! bl&i%m5ts ( y\?1 require "o to direct !m1 z ,ari/otle %[s 9 ! t5? book ( 8 ,e?ics4#aig ,& ?is _c be unless !re is "o pr9ce ov] all1 ^: w %all be ! mi/ress & regulat+ influ5ce ( all ! o!rs4 ,b if all ^! conclusions be true1 z !y are1 x is necess>y = ! highe/ welf>e ( ! human race t !re %\ld be a ,mon>* 9 ! _w2 & !re=e ,mon>*y is necess>y = ! good ( ! _w4 ,footnote #aig3 ,ari/4 ,e?4 x4 #e4--7,w47 ,,xvi4--,to all ^! reasons alleg$ above a memorable exp]i5ce adds its confirmation4 ,i mean t condition ( mank9d :i* ! ,son ( ,god1 :51 = ! salvation ( man1 ,he 0 ab\t to put on man1 ei!r wait$ =1 or1 at ! mom5t :5 ,he will$1 ,himself s ord]$4 ,= if1 f ! fall ( our fir/ p>5ts1 :i* 0 ! turn+ po9t at :i* all our go+ a/ray began1 we c>ry our ?\ghts ov] ! di/ribution ( ! human race & ! ord] ( its times1 we %all f9d t nev] b "u ! div9e ,augu/us1 :o 0 sole rul]1 & "u :om a p]fect ,mon>*y exi/$1 0 ! _w ev]y:]e quiet4 ,& t !n ! human race 0 happy 9 ! tranquillity ( univ]sal peace1 ?is is ! witness ( all writ]s ( hi/ory2 ?is is ! witness ( fam\s poets2 ?is1 too1 he :o wrote ! /ory ( ! meekness & g5tl5ess ( ,*ri/ has ?\ght fit to atte/4 ,& la/ ( all1 ,paul has call$ t mo/ bless$ condition ! fulness ( ! times4 ,= !n1 inde$1 "t 0 full1 & all ! ?+s ( "t2 because no (fice belong+ to our felicity want$ its m9i/]4 ,b h[ ! _w has f>$ s9ce t seamless robe has suff]$ r5d+ by ! talons ( ambition1 we may read 9 books2 w\ld t we might n see x ) our eyes4 ,oh1 race ( mank9d6 :at /orms mu/ toss !e1 :at losses mu/ ?\ endure1 :at %ipwrecks mu/ buffet !e1 z long z ?\1 a bea/ ( _m heads1 /rive/ aft] contr>y ?+s4 ,?\ art sick 9 bo? ?y faculties ( und]/&+2 ?\ art sick 9 ?9e affections4 ,unansw]able reasons fail to heal ?y high] und]/&+2 ! v sight ( exp]i5ce conv9ces n ?y l[] und]/&+2 n ev5 ! sweetness ( div9e p]suasion *>ms ?y affections1 :5 x brea!s into !e ?r\gh ! music ( ! ,holy ,gho/3 ,behold1 h[ good & h[ pleasant a ?+ x is1 bre?r51 to dwell toge!r 9 unity4#aih ,footnote #aih3 ,ps4 cxxxii4 #a4--7,w47 ,,book ,,ii4 ,i4--,:y d ! hea!n rage1 & ! p imag9e a va9 ?+8 ,! k+s ( ! e>? /& up1 & ! rul]s take c\nsel toge!r aga9/ ! ,"l & aga9/ ,8 ano9t$1 say+3 ',let u break _! bonds asund]1 & ca/ away _! cords f u4'#aii ,z we commonly wond] at a new effect1 :5 we h nev] be5 face to face ) its cause2 s1 z soon z we und]/& ! cause1 we look d[n ) a k9d ( scorn on ^? :o rema9 9 wond]4 ,i1 myself1 0 once fill$ ) wond] t ! ,roman p _h become p>am\nt ?r\gh\t all ! e>?1 )\t any to )/& !m2 = :5 ,i look$ at ! ?+ sup]ficially ,i ?\ght t ?is supremacy _h be5 obta9$1 n by any "r1 b only by arms & viol5ce4 ,b aft] t ,i _h c>efully & ?or\ghly exam9$ ! matt]1 :5 ,i _h recognis$ by ! mo/ effectual signs t x 0 div9e provid5ce t _h wr\ght ?is1 my wond] ceas$1 & a c]ta9 scornful contempt has tak5 its place1 :5 ,i p]ceive ! nations rag+ aga9/ ! pre-em95ce ( ! ,roman p2 :5 ,i see ! p imag9+ a va9 ?+1 z ,i ( old imag9$2 :51 above all1 ,i grieve t k+s & pr9ces agree 9 ?is "o matt] only1 9 oppos+ _! ,"l1 & ,8 "o only ,roman ,emp]or4 ,:]e=e 9 d]ision1 yet n )\t a t\* ( sorr[1 ,i c cry on behalf ( ! glori\s p & = ,cs>1 toge!r ) him :o cri$ on behalf ( ! ,pr9ce ( heav53 ,:y d ! hea!n rage1 & ! p imag9e a va9 ?+8 ,! k+s ( ! e>? /& up1 & ! rul]s take c\nsel toge!r aga9/ ! ,"l & aga9/ ,8 ano9t$4 ,b ! love :i* nature implants 9 u all[s n scorn to la/ = long2 b1 l ! summ] sun t :5 x has disp]s$ ! morn+ cl\ds %9es ) full brightness1 ?is love pref]s to put scorn aside1 & to p\r =? ! light :i* %all set m5 "r4 ,s1 !n1 to break ! bonds ( ! ignorance ( ^? k+s & pr9ces1 & to %[ t mank9d is free f _! yoke1 ,i w com=t myself 9 company ) t mo/ holy prophet1 :om ,i foll[1 tak+ ! words :i* come aft]3 ,let u break _! bonds asund]1 & ca/ away _! yoke f u4 ,footnote #aii3 ,ps4 ii4 #a-c4--7,w47 ,^! two ?+s w be suffici5tly p]=m$1 if ,i address myself to ! second "p ( ! argum5t1 & manife/ ! tru? ( ! "q be=e u4 ,= ?us1 if we %[ t ! ,roman ,empire is by "r1 n only %all we disp]se ! cl\ds ( ignorance f ! eyes ( ^? pr9ces :o h wrongly seiz$ ! helm ( public gov]nm5t1 falsely imput+ ?is ?+ to ! ,roman p2 b all m5 %all und]/& t !y are free f ! yoke ( ^! usurp]s4 ,! tru? ( ! "q c be made cle> n only by ! light ( human reason1 b also by ! ray ( ,god's au?ority2 & :5 ^! two co9cide1 !n heav5 & e>? mu/ agree toge!r4 ,support$1 !re=e1 by ?is conviction1 & tru/+ 9 ! te/imony bo? ( reason & ( au?ority1 ,i proce$ to settle ! second "q4 ,,ii4--,inquiry conc]n+ ! tru? ( ! fir/ d\bt has be5 made z accurately z ! nature ( ! subject p]mitt$2 we h n[ to inquire conc]n+ ! second1 :i* is3 ,:e!r ! ,roman p assum$ to itself ( "r ! dignity ( ! ,empire8 ,& ! fir/ ?+ 9 ?is "q is to f9d ! tru?1 to :i* ! reason+s conc]n+ x may be ref]r$ z to _! prop] fir/ pr9ciple4 ,x mu/ be recognis$1 !n1 t z !re are ?ree degrees 9 e art1 ! m9d ( ! arti/1 8 in/rum5t1 & ! mat]ial on :i* he works1 s we may look ^u nature 9 ?ree degrees4 ,= nature exi/s1 fir/1 9 ! m9d ( ! ,fir/ ,ag5t1 :o is ,god2 !n 9 heav52 z 9 an in/rum5t1 by means ( :i* ! lik5ess ( ! ,et]nal ,goodness unfolds itself on %apeless#bjj matt]4 ,if an arti/ is p]fect 9 8 art1 & 8 in/rum5t is p]fect1 any fault 9 ! =m ( 8 art mu/ be laid to ! badness ( ! mat]ial2 & s1 s9ce ,god holds ! summit ( p]fection1 & s9ce ,8 in/rum5t1 :i* is heav51 admits ( no failure ( its due p]fection 7:i* is manife/ f our philosophy t\*+ heav571 x foll[s t :atev] fault is to be f\nd 9 ! l[] _w is a fault on ! "p ( ! subject matt]1 & is contr>y to ! int5tion ( ,god :o makes nature1#bja & ( heav52 & if 9 ?is l[] _w !re is aught t is good1 x mu/ be ascrib$ fir/ to ! arti/1 :o is ,god1 & !n to heav51 ! in/rum5t ( ,god's art1 :i* m5 call nature2 = ! mat]ial1 be+ m]ely a possibility1 c d no?+ ( itself4#bjb ,footnote #bjj3 ,fluitantem4 ,footnote #bja3 ,dei naturantis4 ,footnote #bjb3 ,witte ref]s to ,p>ad4 xiii4 #fg1 xxix4 #cb1 i4 #abg-acj4 ,cf4 ,?om4 ,aqu94 ,summ4 ,i41 q4 #ff1 art4 #a-c2 q4 #aaj1 art4 #b2 q4 #aae1 art4 #c-f4 ,?is view satisfi$ ?9k]s to ! "t ( ,hook] 7,e4,p4 ,i4 iii471 b 0 criticis$ by ,bacon1 ,nov4 ,org4 i4 #ff4 ,h5ce x is app>5t t1 s9ce all ,"r#bjc is good1 x !re=e exi/s fir/ 9 ! m9d ( ,god2 & s9ce all t is 9 ! m9d ( ,god is ,god1 accord+ to ! say+1 ,:at 0 made1 9 ,him 0 life2#bjd & z ,god *iefly wi%es = :at is ,himself1 x foll[s t ,"r is ! wi% ( ,god1 s f> z x is 9 ,him4 ,& s9ce 9 ,god ! w & ! wi% are ! same1 x fur!r foll[s t ?is ,"r is ! w ( ,god4 ,aga9 x foll[s t ,"r 9 ! _w is no?+ else ?an ! lik5ess ( ! w ( ,god1 & !re=e :atev] does n agree ) ! div9e w _c be ,"r1 & :atev] does agree ) ! div9e w is ,"r itself4 ,!re=e to ask if a ?+ be by ,"r is only to ask 9 o!r words if x is :at ,god wills4 ,x may !re=e be assum$ t :at ,god wills to see 9 mank9d is to be held z real & true ,"r4 ,footnote #bjc3 ,jus4 ,footnote #bjd3 ,/4 ,john i4 #c4--7,w47 ,besides we mu/ rememb] ,ari/otle's tea*+ 9 ! fir/ book ( 8 ,e?ics1 :]e he says3 ,we mu/ n seek = c]titude 9 e matt]1 b only z f> z ! nature ( ! subject admits4#bje ,!re=e our argum5ts f ! fir/ pr9ciple already f\nd w be suffici5t1 if f manife/ evid5ce & f ! au?ority ( ! wise1 we seek = ! "r ( t glori\s p4 ,! w ( ,god is an invisible ?+1 b ! invisible ?+s ( ,god are se51 be+ und]/ood by ! ?+s :i* are made4 ,= :5 ! seal is out ( sight1 ! wax1 :i* has its impression1 gives manife/ evid5ce ( x1 ?\gh x be unse52 nor is x /range t ! w ( ,god mu/ be s\ght by signs2 = ! human w1 except to ! p]son himself :o wills1 is only disc]n$ by signs4#bjf ,footnote #bje3 ,e?4 i4 #g1 f ,?om4 ,aq4 ,lect4 ,,xi4--7,w47 ,footnote #bjf3 ,! image ( ! wax & seal 0 a fav\rite "o4 ,v4 ,p>ad4 vii4 #fh1 viii4 #abg1 xiii4 #fg-ge1 quot$ by ,witte1 :o also ref]s to ! ,epi/4 ad ,reges1 #h1 p4 #ddd1 ed4 ,fraticelli4 ,,iii4--,my answ] !n to ! "q is1 t x 0 by "r1 & n by usurpation1 t ! ,roman p assum$ to itself ! (fice ( ,mon>*y1 or1 z m5 call x1 ! ,empire1 ov] all mank9d4 ,= 9 ! fir/ place x is fitt+ t ! noble/ p %\ld be pref]r$ to all o!rs2 ! ,roman p 0 ! noble/2 !re=e x is fitt+ t x %\ld be pref]r$ to all o!rs4 ,by ?is reason+ ,i make my pro(2 = s9ce hon\r is ! rew>d ( goodness1 & s9ce to be pref]r$ is always hon\r1 !re=e to be pref]r$ is always ! rew>d ( goodness4 ,x is pla9 t m5 are ennobl$ = _! virtues2 t is1 = _! own virtues or = ^? ( _! ance/ors2 = nobl5ess is virtue & ance/ral weal?1 accord+ to ,ari/otle 9 8 ,politics2 & accord+ to ,juv5al1 ,!re is no nobl5ess ( s\l b virtue1#bjg :i* two /atem5ts ref] to two sorts ( nobl5ess1 our own & t ( our ance/ors4#bjh ,footnote #bjg3 ,ari/4 ,pol4 iii4 #ab2 ,juv4 viii4 #bj4--7,w47 ,footnote #bjh3 ,witte ref]s to ,dante's comm5t>y on 8 own ,canzone 9 ! ,convito iv4 #c1 & ! ,p>ad4 xvi4 #a4 ,to be pref]r$1 !re=e1 is1 accord+ to reason1 ! fitt+ rew>d ( ! noble4 ,& s9ce rew>ds mu/ be measur$ by des]t1 accord+ to t say+ ( ! ,gospel1 ) :at measure ye mete1 x %all be measur$ to y aga92 !re=e to ! mo/ noble ! highe/ place %\ld be giv54 ,! te/imonies ( ! anci5ts confirm our op9ion2 = ,virgil1 our div9e poet1 te/ifies ?r\gh\t 8 neid1 t m5 may ev] rememb] x1 t ! glori\s k+1 neas1 0 ! fa!r ( ! ,roman p4 ,& ?is ,titus ,livius1 ! fam\s *ronicl] ( ! de$s ( ! ,romans1 confirms 9 ! fir/ "p ( 8 "w1 :i* takes its beg9n+ f ! capture ( ,troy4 ,! nobl5ess ( ?is mo/ unconqu]able & mo/ pi\s ance/or n only 9 reg>d to 8 own great virtue1 b also to t ( 8 =efa!rs & ( 8 wives1 ! nobl5ess ( :om 0 comb9$ 9 _! desc5dant by ! rightful law ( desc5t1 ,i _c unfold at l5g?2 ,i c b t\* lightly on ! outl9es ( ! tru?4#bji ,footnote #bji3 ,s$ summa sequ> ve/igia r]um4 ,virg4 n4 i4 #cdb 7fa/igia 9 all good ,,mss4 & edd474 ,= ! virtue !n ( neas himself1 he> :at our poet tells u :5 he introduces ,ilioneus 9 ! fir/ neid1 pray+ ?us3 neas 0 our k+2 9 ju/ice & piety he has n left a pe]1 nor any to equal him 9 w>4 ,he> ,virgil 9 ! six? neid1 :5 he speaks ( ! dea? ( ,mis5us1 :o _h be5 ,hector's att5dant 9 w>1 &1 aft] ,hector's dea?1 _h atta*$ himself to neas2 = !re ,virgil says t ,mis5us foll[$ z good a man2 ?us comp>+ neas to ,hector1 :om#baj ,hom] ev] praises above all m51 z ! ,philosoph] witnesses 9 8 ,e?ics1 9 :at he writes to ,nicoma*us on habits to be avoid$4 ,footnote #baj3 n4 i4 #edd1 vi4 #agj4 ,il4 xxiv4 #beh1 quot$ 9 ,ari/otle1 ,e?ics1 vii4 #a4--7,w47 ,b1 z = h]$it>y virtue1 he 0 ennobl$ f all ?ree cont95ts bo? by 8 =efa!rs & 8 wives4 ,f ,asia came 8 imm$iate ance/or1 ,ass>acus1 & o!rs :o reign$ 9 ,phrygia1 :i* is a "p ( ,asia4 ,!re=e ,virgil writes 9 ! ?ird neid3 ,aft] t x _h seem$ good to ,heav5 to ov]?r[ ! p[] ( ,asia1 & ! guiltless race ( ,priam4 ,f ,europe came ! male f\nd] ( 8 race1 :o 0 ,d>danus2 f ,africa 8 gr&mo!r ,electra1 daught] ( ! great k+ ,atlas1 to bo? :i* ?+s ! poet te/ifies 9 ! eigh? neid1 :]e neas says to ,ev&]3 ,d>danus1 ! fa!r ( our city1 & its f\nd]1 :om ! ,greeks call ! son ( ,atlas & ,electra1 came to ! race ( ,teuc]--,electra1 ^: sire 0 great ,atlas1 on ^: %\ld]s re/s ! circle ( heav54 ,b 9 ! ?ird neid ,virgil says t ,d>danus drew 8 orig9 f ,europe4 ,!re is a l& :i* ! ,greeks h nam$ ,hesp]ia1 an anci5t l&1 /rong & weal?y1 :]e ! notrians dwell2 x is said t n[ _! desc5dants h nam$ ! c\ntry ,italy1 f ! "n ( _! k+4 ,!re is our rightful home2 f t l& did ,d>danus come4 ,t ,atlas came f ,africa1 ! m\nta9 call$ by 8 "n1 :i* /&s 9 t cont95t1 be>s witness2 & ,orosius says t x is 9 ,africa 9 8 description ( ! _w1 :]e he writes3 ,its b\nd>y is ,m\nt ,atlas1 & ! isl&s :i* are call$ '! happy isles4' ,its--t is1 ( ,africa1 ( :i* he 0 speak+4#baa ,footnote #baa3 n4 iii4 #a1 viii4 #acd1 iii4 #afc2 ,oros4 i4 #b4--7,w47 ,likewise ,i f9d t by m>riage also neas 0 ennobl$2 8 fir/ wife1 ,creusa1 ! daught] ( k+ ,priam1 0 f ,asia1 z may be ga!r$ f our previ\s quotations2 & t %e 0 8 wife our poet te/ifies 9 ! ?ird neid1 :]e ,&roma*e asks neas3 ,:at ( ! boy ,ascanius1 :om ,creusa bore to !e1 :ile ! ru9s ( ,troy 7 yet smok+8 ,lives he yet to brea! ?is air8#bab ,! second wife 0 ,dido1 ! que5 & f\ndress ( ,c>?age 9 ,africa4 ,t %e 0 ! wife ( neas our poet s+s 9 8 f\r? neid1 :]e he says ( ,dido3 ,no m does ,dido ?9k ( love 9 secret4 ,%e calls x m>riage1 & ) ?is "n %e cov]s h] s94 ,! ?ird wife 0 ,lav9ia1 ! "m ( ,albans & ,romans alike1 ! daught] ( k+ ,lat9us & 8 heir1 if we may tru/ ! te/imony ( our poet 9 8 la/ neid1 :]e he introduces ,turnus conqu]$1 pray+ to neas ?us3 ,?\ ha/ conqu]$1 & ! ,ausonians h se5 me lift my h&s 9 pray] = m]cy2 ,lav9ia is ?9e4#bac ,?is la/ wife 0 f ,italy1 ! noble/ region ( ,europe4 ,footnote #bab3 ,,iii4 #cci4 ,! be/ ,,mss4 ( ,virgil omit pep]it fumante ,creusa4 ,footnote #bac3 n4 xii4 #icf4--7,w47 ,& n[ t we h m>k$ ^! ?+s = evid5ce ( our ass]tion1 :o w n re/ p]suad$ t ! fa!r ( ! ,romans1 & !re=e ! ,romans !mselves1 7 ! noble/ p "u heav58 ,:o c fail to see ! div9e pr$e/9ation %[n =? by ! d\ble meet+ ( blood f e "p ( ! _w 9 ! ve9s ( "o man8 ,,iv4--,aga91 t :i* is help$ to its p]fection by miracles is will$ by ,god1 & !re=e x is ( "r4 ,?is is manife/ly true1 = z ,?omas says 9 8 ?ird book aga9/ ! ,g5tiles1 a miracle is some?+ done by ,god beyond ! commonly e/abli%$ ord] ( ?+s4#bad ,& s he proves t ,god alone c "w miracles2 & 8 pro( is /r5g!n$ by ! au?ority ( ,moses2 = on ! occasion ( ! plague ( lice1 :5 ! magicians ( ,ph>aoh us$ natural pr9ciples artfully1 & !n fail$1 !y said3 ,?is is ! f+] ( ,god4#bae ,a miracle !re=e be+ ! imm$iate work+ ( ! fir/ ag5t1 )\t ! co-op]ation ( any second>y ag5ts1 z ,?omas himself suffici5tly proves 9 ! book :i* we h m5tion$1 x is impi\s to say :]e a miracle is work$ 9 aid ( any?+1 t t ?+ is n ( ,god1 z some?+ well pleas+ to him1 :i* he =esaw4 ,!re=e x is religi\s to accept ! contradictory ( ?is4 ,! ,roman ,empire has be5 help$ to its p]fection by miracles2 !re=e x 0 will$ by ,god1 & consequ5tly 0 & is by "r4#baf ,footnote #bad3 ,contra ,g5t4 iii4 #aja4--7,w47 ,footnote #bae3 ,exod4 vii4 #ab-ae4--7,w47 ,footnote #baf3 ,witte ref]s to ! ,ep4 ad ,reges1 #h1 = ! same ?\ght4 ,x is prov$ by ! te/imony ( illu/ri\s au?ors t ,god /ret*$ =? ,8 h& to "w miracles on behalf ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,= ,livy1 9 ! fir/ "p ( 8 "w1 te/ifies t a %ield fell f heav5 into ! city *os5 ( ,god 9 ! "t ( ,numa ,pompilius1 ! second k+ ( ,rome1 :il/ he 0 sacrific+ aft] ! mann] ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,lucan m5tions ?is miracle 9 ! n9? book ( 8 ,ph>salia1 :5 he is describ+ ! incr$ible =ce ( ! ,s\? w9d4 ,he says3 ,surely x 0 ?us1 :ile ,numa 0 (f]+ sacrifices1 t ! %ield fell ) :i* ! *os5 patrician y\? moves along4 ,! ,s\? w9d1 or ! ,nor? w9d1 _h spoil$ ! p t bore our %ields4#bag ,& :5 ! ,gauls _h tak5 all ! city1 &1 "u cov] ( ! d>kness1 7 /eal+ on to attack ! ,capitol itself1 ! capture ( :i* 0 all t rema9$ to de/roy ! v "n ( ,rome1 !n z ,livy1 & _m o!r illu/ri\s writ]s agree 9 te/ify+1 a goose1 :i* none _h se5 be=e1 gave a w>n+ note ( ! approa* ( ! ,gauls1 & ar\s$ ! gu>ds to def5d ! ,capitol4#bah ,& our poet commemorates ! ev5t 9 8 description ( ! %ield ( neas 9 ! eigh? book4 ,high]1 & 9 front ( ! temple /ood ,manlius1 ! wat*man ( ! ,t>peian keep1 gu>d+ ! rock ( ! ,capitol4 ,! palace /ood out cle>1 r\gh ) ! ?at* :i* ,romulus _h laid2 "h ! goose1 inlaid 9 silv]1 flutt]$ on ! portico ( gold1 z x w>n$ ! ,romans t ! ,gauls 7 ev5 n[ on ! ?re%old4#bai ,footnote #bag3 ,luc4 ix4 #dgg4--7,w47 ,footnote #bah3 ,v4 ,liv4 v4 #dg1 & ! ,convito1 iv4 #e4--7,w47 ,footnote #bai3 n4 viii4 #feb4--7,w47 ,& :5 ! nobility ( ,rome _h s fall5 "u ! onset ( ,hannibal1 t no?+ rema9$ = ! f9al de/ruction ( ! ,roman commonweal?1 b ! ,c>?ag9ian assault on ! city1 ,livy tells u 9 ! c\rse ( 8 hi/ory ( ! ,punic w>1 t a sudd5 dreadful /orm ( hail fell ^u !m1 s t ! victors c\ld n foll[ up _! victory4#bbj ,footnote #bbj3 ,liv4 xxvi4 #aa2 ,oros4 iv4 #ag4--7,w47 ,0 n ! escape ( ,cloelia wond]ful1 a woman1 & captive 9 ! p[] ( ,pors5na1 :5 %e bur/ h] bonds1 &1 by ! m>vell\s help ( ,god1 swam across ! ,tib]1 z almo/ all ! hi/orians ( ,rome tell u1 to ! glory ( t city8#bba ,footnote #bba3 ,liv4 ii4 #ac2 ,oros4 ii4 #e4--7,w47 ,?us 0 x fitt+ t ,he %\ld "w :o =esaw all ?+s f ! beg9n+1 & orda9$ !m 9 ! beauty ( ,8 ord]2 s t ,he1 :o :5 made visible 0 to %[ =? miracles = ! sake ( ?+s invisible1 %\ld1 :il/ invisible1 also %[ =? miracles = ! sake ( ?+s visible4 ,v4--,fur!r1 :oev] works = ! good ( ! /ate1 works ) ,"r z 8 end4 ,?is may be %[n z foll[s4 ,"r is t proportion ( man to man z to ?+s1 & z to p]sons1 :i*1 :5 x is pres]v$1 pres]ves society1 & :5 x is de/roy$1 de/roys society4#bbb ,! description ( ,"r 9 ! ,dige/ does n give ! ess5ce ( "r1 b only describes x = practical purposes4#bbc ,if !re=e our def9ition compreh5ds well ! ess5ce & reason ( ,"r1 & if ! end ( any society is ! common good ( its memb]s1 x is necess>y t ! end ( all ,"r is ! common good1 & x is impossible t t c be ,"r1 :i* does n aim at ! common good4 ,!re=e ,cic]o says well 9 ! fir/ book ( 8 ,rhetoric3 ,laws mu/ always be int]pret$ = ! good ( ! /ate4#bbd ,if laws d n aim at ! good ( ^? :o live "u !m1 !y are laws only 9 "n2 9 reality !y _c be laws4 ,= x behoves !m to b9d m5 toge!r = ! common good2 & ,s5eca !re=e says well 9 8 book on ! f\r virtues3 ,law is ! bond ( human society4#bbe ,x is !re=e pla9 t :oev] aims at ! good ( ! /ate1 aims at ! end ( ,"r2 & !re=e1 if ! ,romans aim$ at ! good ( ! /ate1 we %all say truly t !y aim$ at ! end ( ,"r4 ,footnote #bbb3 ,cf4 ,ari/otle1 ,e?ics1 v4 #f4 ,footnote #bbc3 ,jus e/ ars boni et qui4 ,l4 #a1 fr4 ,dig4 ,de ,ju/itia et ,jure1 i4 #a4--7,w47 ,footnote #bbd3 ,de ,inv5t4 i4 #ch4--7,w47 ,footnote #bbe3 ,n ,s5eca1 b ,m>t91 ,bp4 ( ,braga1 dagg] symbol#ehj4--7,w47 ,v4 ,biog4 ,univ4 ,t 9 br++ ! :ole _w into subjection1 !y aim$ at ?is good1 _! de$s decl>e4 ,!y r5\nc$ all selfi%ness1 a ?+ always contr>y to ! public weal2 !y *]i%$ univ]sal peace & lib]ty2 & t sacr$1 pi\s1 & glori\s p are se5 to h neglect$ _! own private int]e/s t !y might foll[ public objects = ! good ( all mank9d4 ,!re=e 0 x well writt53 ,! ,roman ,empire spr+s f ! f\nta9 ( piety4#bbf ,footnote #bbf3 ,romanum imp]ium de fonte nascitur pietatis4--7,,witte47 ,he has n be5 able to trace ! say+4 ,b see+ t no?+ is kn[n ( ! int5tion ( an ag5t :o acts by free *oice to any b ! ag5t himself1 save only by ext]nal signs1 & s9ce reason+s mu/ be exam9$ accord+ to ! subject matt] 7z has already be5 said71 x w be suffici5t on ?is po9t if we set =? pro(s :i* none c d\bt1 ( ! int5tion ( ! ,roman p1 bo? 9 _! public bodies & individually4 ,conc]n+ ^? public bodies by :i* m5 seem 9 a way to be b\nd to ! /ate1 ! au?ority ( ,cic]o alone1 9 ! second book ( ! ,de ,(ficiis1 w suffice4 ,s long1 he says1 z ! ,empire ( ! republic 0 ma9ta9$ n by inju/ice1 b by ! b5efits :i* x conf]r$1 we f\ght ei!r = our allies or = ! ,empire4 ,our w>s br\ght ) !m an end+ :i* 0 ei!r indulg5t1 or else 0 absolutely necess>y4 ,all k+s1 peoples1 & nations f\nd a port ( refuge 9 ! ,s5ate4 ,our magi/rates & g5]als alike s\ght r5[n by def5d+ our prov9ces & our allies ) good fai? & ) ju/ice4 ,our gov]nm5t might h be5 call$ n s mu* ,empire1 z a ,protectorate ( ! :ole _w4 ,s wrote ,cic]o4#bbg ,footnote #bbg3 ,de ,(f4 ii4 #h4--7,w47 ,( individuals ,i w speak %ortly4 ,%all we n say t !y int5d$ ! common good1 :o by h>d toil1 by pov]ty1 by exile1 by b]eavem5t ( _! *ildr51 by loss ( limb1 by sacrifice ( _! lives1 endeav\r$ to build up ! public weal8 ,did n great ,c9c9natus leave u a sacr$ example ( freely lay+ d[n 8 (fice at its appo9t$ end1 :51 z ,livy tells u1 he 0 tak5 f ! pl\gh & made dictator8 ,& aft] 8 victory1 aft] 8 triumph1 he gave back 8 ,imp]ator's sceptre to ! consuls1 & return$ to ! pl\gh%>e to toil aft] 8 ox54#bbh ,well did ,cic]o1 argu+ aga9/ ,epicurus1 9 ! volume ,de ,f9ibus1 speak 9 praise ( him1 m9dful ( ?is good de$4#bbi ,& s1 he says1 our ance/ors took ,c9c9natus f ! pl\gh1 & made him dictator4 ,footnote #bbh3 ,liv4 vi4 #bh1 #bi2 ,oros4 ii4 #ab4--7,w47 ,footnote #bbi3 ,,ii4 #d4--7,w47 ,has n ,fabricius left u a l(ty example ( resi/+ av>ice1 :51 poor man z he 01 = ! fai? by :i* he 0 b\nd to ! republic1 he laugh$ to scorn ! great weight ( gold :i* 0 (f]$ him1 & refus$ x1 scorn+ x ) words :i* became him well4 ,8 /ory too is confirm$ by our poet 9 ! six? neid1#bcj :]e he speaks ( ,fabricius /rong 9 8 pov]ty4 ,footnote #bcj3 ,,vi4 #hdd4--7,w47 ,has n ,camillus left u a memorable example ( obey+ ! laws in/ead ( seek+ our private advantage8 ,= accord+ to ,livy he 0 condemn$ to exile1 & !n1 aft] t he _h deliv]$ 8 c\ntry f ! invad]s1 & _h re/or$ to ,rome h] own ,roman spoils1 he yet turn$ to leave ! sacr$ city1 ?\gh ! :ole p bade him /ay2 nor did he return till leave 0 giv5 him to come back by ! au?ority ( ! ,s5ate4 ,?is high-s\l$ h]o also is comm5d$ 9 ! six? neid1 :]e our poet speaks ( ,camillus1 t re/or$ to u our /&>ds4#bca ,footnote #bca3 ,liv4 v4 #df2 n4 vi4 #hbf4--7,w47 ,0 n ,brutus ! fir/ to tea* t our sons1 t all o!rs1 are second 9 importance to ! lib]ty ( our c\ntry8 ,= ,livy tells u h[1 :5 he 0 consul1 he condemn$ 8 own sons to dea?1 = t !y _h conspir$ ) ! enemy4 ,8 glory is made new 9 our poet's six? book1 :]e he s+s h[ ,! fa!r %all summon ! sons to die = ! sake ( fair lib]ty1 :5 !y seek to /ir fre% w>s4#bcb ,footnote #bcb3 n4 vi4 #hba4--7,w47 ,has n ,mucius enc\rag$ u to d>e ev]y?+ = our c\ntry's sake1 :5 aft] attack+ ,pors5na unaw>es1 he wat*$ ! h& :i* _h miss$ its /roke be+ burnt1 ?\gh x 0 8 own1 z if he 7 behold+ ! torm5t ( a foe8 ,?is also ,livy witnesses to ) a/oni%m5t4 ,add to ^! ^? sacr$ victims ! ,decii1 :o laid d[n _! lives by an act ( devotion = ! public safety1 :om ,livy glorifies 9 8 n>rative1 n z !y des]ve1 b z he 0 able4 ,add to ^! ! self-sacrifice1 :i* words _c express1 ( ,m>cus ,cato1 t /aun*e/ *ampion ( true lib]ty4 ,^! 7 m5 ( :om ! "o1 t he might save 8 c\ntry1 did n fe> ! %ad[ ( dea?2 :ile ! o!r1 t he might k9dle 9 ! _w ! passionate love ( lib]ty1 %[$ h[ de> 0 lib]ty1 *oos+ to pass out ( life a free man1 r ?an )\t lib]ty to abide 9 life4#bcc ,! glory ( all ^! h]oes gl[s afre% 9 ! words ( ,cic]o 9 8 book ,de ,f9ibus2 ( ! ,decii he speaks ?us3 ,publius ,decius1 ! head ( ! ,decii1 a consul1 :5 he devot$ himself = ! /ate1 & *>g$ /raight into ! ,lat9 ho/1 0 he ?9k+ aught ( 8 pleasure1 :]e & :5 he %\ld take x2--:5 he knew t he _h to die at once1 & s\ght t dea? ) m eag] desire ?an1 accord+ to ,epicurus1 we %\ld seek pleasure8 ,& 7 x n t 8 de$ _h ju/ly receiv$ its praise1 8 son w\ld n h done ! l 9 8 f\r? consul%ip2 nor w\ld 8 gr&son1 aga91 9 ! w> ) ,pyrrhus1 h fall51 a consul1 9 battle2 &1 a ?ird "t 9 cont9u\s succession 9 t family1 h (f]$ himself a victim = ! commonweal?4 ,b 9 ! ,de ,(ficiis1#bcd ,cic]o says ( ,cato3 ,m>cus ,cato 0 9 no diff]5t position f 8 comrades :o 9 ,africa surr5d]$ to ,cs>4 ,! o!rs1 _h !y sla9 !mselves1 w\ld p]haps h be5 blam$ = ! act1 = _! life 0 ( less consequ5ce1#bce & _! pr9ciples 7 n s /rict4 ,b = ,cato1 to :om nature _h giv5 incr$ible firmness & :o _h /r5g!n$ ?is sev]ity by 8 unremitt+ con/ancy to 8 pr9ciples1 & :o nev] =m$ a resolution by :i* he did n abide1 he 0 inde$ b\nd to die r ?an to look on ! face ( a tyrant4 ,footnote #bcc3 ,witte quotes ! ,convito1 iv4 #e1 :]e all ^! examples are rec\nt$1 almo/ 9 ! same language4 ,he comp>es ,p>ad4 vi4 #df 7,c9c9natus71 ,purgat4 xx4 #be 7,fabricius71 ,p>ad4 vi4 #dg 7,decii71 ,purg4 i4 :]e ,cato gu>ds ! approa* to ,purgatory4 ,footnote #bcd3 ,i4 #ca 7,w471 c>elessly quot$4 ,footnote #bce3 ,levior al4 l5ior4 ,,vi4--,two ?+s !re=e h be5 made cle>3 fir/1 t :oev] aims at ! good ( ! /ate aims at "r2#bcf & secondly1 t ! ,roman p 9 br++ ! _w into subjection1 aim$ at ! public weal4 ,!re=e let u argue ?us3 ,:oev] aims at "r1 walks accord+ to "r2 ! ,roman p 9 br++ ! _w into subjection aim$ at "r1 z we h made manife/ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]4 ,!re=e 9 br++ ! _w into subjection ! ,roman p act$ accord+ to "r1 consequ5tly x 0 by "r t !y assum$ ! dignity ( ,empire4 ,footnote #bcf3 ,f9em juris int5dit4 ,we rea* ?is conclusion on gr\nds :i* are manife/ to all4 ,x is manife/ f ?is1 t :osoev] aims at "r1 walks accord+ to "r4 ,to make ?is cle>1 we mu/ m>k t ev]y?+ is made to ga9 a c]ta9 end1 o!rwise x w\ld be 9 va91 & z we said be=e ?is _c be4 ,& z ev]y?+ has its prop] end1 s e end has "s di/9ct ?+ ( :i* x is ! end4 ,& !re=e x is impossible t any two ?+s1 spok5 ( z sep>ate ?+s1#bcg & 9 s f> z !y are two1 %\ld h ! same end z _! aim1 = s ! same absurdity#bch w\ld foll[1 t "o ( !m w\ld exi/ 9 va94 ,s9ce1 !n1 !re is a c]ta9 end ( "r1 z we h expla9$1 x necess>ily foll[s t :5 we h decid$ :at t end is1 we h also decid$ :at "r is2 = x is ! natural & prop] effect ( "r4 ,& s9ce 9 any sequ5ce x is impossible to h an antec$5t )\t its consequ5t1 = in/ance1 to h man )\t animal1 z is evid5t by putt+ toge!r & tak+ to pieces ! idea1#bci s also x is impossible to seek = ! end ( "r )\t "r1 = ea* ?+ /&s 9 ! same relation to its prop] end1 z ! consequ5t does to its antec$5t2 z )\t heal? x is impossible to atta9 to a good condition ( ! body4 ,:]e=e1 x is mo/ evid5tly cle> t he :o aims at ! end ( "r mu/ aim 9 accordance ) "r2 nor does ! contradictory in/ance :i* is commonly drawn f ,ari/otle's treatm5t ( good c\nsel avail any?+4#bdj ,he !re says3 ,x is possible to obta9 :at is ! "r result f a syllogism1 :i* is incorrect1 b n by an argum5t :i* is "r1 = ! middle t]m is wrong4 ,= if sometimes a "r conclusion is obta9$ f false pr9ciples1 ?is is only by accid5t1 & happ5s only 9 s f> z ! true conclusion is import$ 9 ! words ( ! inf]5ce4 ,tru? nev] really foll[s f falsehood2 b ! signs ( tru? may easily foll[ f ! signs ( falsehood4 ,s also x is 9 matt]s ( conduct4 ,if a ?ief helps a poor man out ( ! spoils ( 8 ?iev+1 we mu/ n call t *>ity2 b x is an action :i* w\ld h ! =m ( *>ity1 if x _h be5 done out ( ! man's own sub/ance4 ,& s ( ! end ( "r4 ,if any?+1 su* z ! end ( "r1 7 ga9$ )\t "r1 x w\ld only be ! end ( "r1 t is1 ! common good1 9 ! same s5se t ! gift1 made f evil ga9s1 is *>ity4 ,& s ! example proves no?+1 = 9 our proposition we speak1 n ( ! app>5t b ( ! real end ( "r4 ,:at 0 s\ght1 !re=e1 is cle>4 ,footnote #bcg3 ,p] se loqu5do4 ,footnote #bch3 ,inconv5i5s4 ,footnote #bci3 ,con/ru5do et de/ru5do4 ,te*nical t]ms ( ! conditional syllogism1 con/ructive & de/ructive4 ,footnote #bdj3 ,greek3 ,eub\lia4 ,e?ics1 vi4 #aj4 ,,vii4--,:at nature has orda9$ is ma9ta9$ ( "r4 ,= nature 9 its provid5ce does n come %ort ( m5's provid5ce2 = if x 7 to come %ort1 ! effect w\ld excel ! cause 9 goodness1 :i* is impossible4 ,b we see t :5 public bodies are f\nd$1 n only are ! relations ( ! memb]s to ea* o!r consid]$1 b also _! capacities = ex]cis+ (fices2 & ?is is to consid] ! end ( "r 9 ! society or ord] :i* is f\nd$1 = "r is n ext5d$ beyond :at is possible4 ,nature !n1 9 h] ord9ances1 does n come %ort 9 ?is =esight4 ,!re=e x is cle> t nature1 9 orda9+ a ?+1 has reg>d to its capacities2 & ?is reg>d is ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( "r :i* nature lays d[n4 ,f ?is x foll[s t ! natural ord] ( ?+s _c be ma9ta9$ )\t "r2 = ?is fundam5tal pr9ciple ( "r is insep>ably jo9$ to ! natural ord] ( ?+s4 ,x is necess>y1 !re=e1 t x is ( "r t ?is ord] is pres]v$4 ,! ,roman p 0 orda9$ = empire1 by nature1 & ?is may be %[n z foll[s3 ,! man w\ld come %ort ( p]fection 9 8 art1 :o aim$ only to produce 8 ultimate =m1 & neglect$ ! means ( rea*+ x2 9 ! same way1 if nature only aim$ at reproduc+ 9 ! _w ! univ]sal =m ( ! div9e lik5ess1 & neglect$ ! means ( do+ s1 %e w\ld be imp]fect4 ,b nature1 :i* is ! "w ( ! div9e intellig5ce1 is :olly p]fect2 %e !re=e aims at all ! means by :i* h] f9al end is arriv$ at4 ,s9ce !n mank9d has a c]ta9 end1 & s9ce !re is a c]ta9 means necess>y = ! univ]sal end ( nature1 x necess>ily foll[s t nature aims at obta9+ t means4 ,& !re=e ! ,philosoph]1 9 ! second book ( ,natural ,le>n+1#bda well %[s t nature always acts = ! end4 ,& s9ce nature _c rea* ?is end ?r\gh "o man1 because t !re are _m actions necess>y to x1 :i* ne$ _m to act1 !re=e nature mu/ produce _m m5 & set !m to act4 ,& besides ! high] influ5ce1#bdb ! p[]s & prop]ties ( inf]ior sph]es contribute mu* to ?is4 ,& !re=e we see n only t individual m51 b also t c]ta9 races are born to gov]n1 & c]ta9 o!rs to be gov]n$ & to s]ve1 z ! ,philosoph] argues 9 ! ,politics2#bdc & = ! latt]1 z he himself says1 subjection is n only exp$i5t1 b j1 ev5 ?\gh !y be =c$ into subjection4 ,footnote #bda3 ,ari/4 ,phys4 ,ausc4 ii4 #a4--7,w47 ,footnote #bdb3 ,i4e4 ( ! heav5s4 ,witte quotes ,p>ad4 viii4 #ig1 ,purg4 xiv4 #ch4 ,footnote #bdc3 ,i4 #e1 #aa2 #f1 #i4--7,w47 ,& if ?is is s1 x _c be d\bt$ t nature orda9$ 9 ! _w a c\ntry & a nation = univ]sal sov]eignty2 if ?is 7 n s1 %e w\ld h be5 untrue to h]self1 :i* is impossible4 ,b z to :]e t c\ntry is1 & :i* is t nation1 x is suffici5tly manife/1 bo? f :at we h said & f :at we %all say1 t x 0 ,rome & h] citiz5s or p2 & ?is our poet v skilfully t\*es on 9 ! six? neid1 :]e he introduces ,an*ises prophesy+ to neas1 ! ance/or ( ! ,romans3 ,o!rs may m\ld ! brea?+ bronze m delicately--,i d\bt x n2 !y may *isel f m>ble ! liv+ c\nt5ance2 !y may surpass !e 9 plead+ causes2 !y may track ! c\rse ( ! heav5s ) ! rod1 & tell :5 ! />s w rise2 b ?\1 ,roman1 rememb] to rule ! nations ) ?y sway4 ,^! %all be ?y end[m5ts--to make peace to be ! cu/om ( ! _w2 to sp>e ?y foes :5 !y submit1 & to cru% ! pr\d4#bdd ,& aga91 ,virgil skilfully notes ! appo9tm5t ( ! place1 9 ! f\r? neid1 :5 he br+s 9 ,jupit] speak+ to ,m]cury conc]n+ neas3 ,8 fair "m did n promise him to u to be su* z ?is3 x 0 n = ?is t twice %e rescues him f ,grecian arms2 b t !re %\ld be "o to rule ov] ,italy1 teem+ ) empires1 tempe/u\s ) w>s4 ,x has1 !re=e1 suffici5tly be5 %[n t ! ,roman p 0 by nature orda9$ to empire4 ,!re=e x 0 ( "r t !y ga9$ empire1 by subdu+ to !mselves ! _w4 ,footnote #bdd3 n4 vi4 #hdh1 iv4 #bbg4--7,w47 ,,viii4--,b 9 ord] prop]ly to discov] ! tru? 9 our inquiry1 we mu/ recognise t ! judgm5t ( ,god is sometimes made manife/ to m51 & sometimes hidd5 f !m4 ,x may be made manife/ 9 two ways1 namely1 by reason & by fai?4 ,!re are "s judgm5ts ( ,god to :i* ! human reason1 by its own pa?s1 c arrive2 z1 t a man %\ld risk dea? to save 8 c\ntry4 ,= a "p %\ld always risk itself to save its :ole1 & ea* man is a "p ( 8 ,/ate1 z is cle> f ! ,philosoph] 9 8 ,politics4#bde ,!re=e e man ought to risk himself = 8 c\ntry1 z ! less good = ! bett]2 :5ce ! ,philosoph] says to ,nicoma*us3 ,! end is desirable1 inde$1 ev5 = an individual1 b x is bett] & m div9e = a nation & ,/ate4#bdf ,& ?is is ! judgm5t ( ,god1 = if x 7 n s1 "r reason 9 m5 w\ld miss ! int5tion ( nature1 :i* is impossible4 ,footnote #bde3 ,ari/4 ,pol4 i4 #b1 #ab4--7,w47 ,footnote #bdf3 ,e?ics1 i4 #a4 ,!re are also "s judgm5ts ( ,god to :i*1 ?\gh human reason _c rea* !m by its own p[]s1 yet1 by ! aid ( fai? 9 ^? ?+s :i* are told u 9 ,holy ,scripture x c be lift$ up3 z1 = in/ance1 t no "o1 h[ev] p]fect he may be 9 moral & intellectual virtues1 bo? 9 habit & 9 action1 c be sav$ )\t fai?2 x be+ suppos$ t he nev] he>d aught ( ,*ri/4 ,= human reason _c ( itself see ?is to be j1 yet by fai? x c4 ,= 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews x is writt51 )\t fai? x is impossible to please ,god2#bdg & 9 ,leviticus1 :at man soev] !re be ( ! ,h\se ( ,israel t kille? an ox1 or lamb1 or goat 9 ! camp1 or t kille? x out ( ! camp1 & br+e? x n to ! door ( ! tab]nacle to (f] an (f]+ unto ! ,"l1 blood %all be imput$ to t man4#bdh ,! door ( ! tab]nacle /&s = ,*ri/1 :o is ! door ( ! k+dom ( heav51 z may be prov$ f ! ,gospel3 ! kill+ ( animals repres5ts m5's actions4#bdi ,footnote #bdg3 ,cf4 ,p>ad4 xix4 #gj4--7,w47 ,footnote #bdh3 ,heb4 ii4 #f2 ,levit4 xvii4 #c1 #d4--7,w474 ,footnote #bdi3 ,witte quotes f ,isidore ( ,seville1 a writ] mu* us$ 9 ! middle ages1 ! foll[+3 ,9 a moral s5se1 we (f] a calf :5 we conqu] ! pride ( ! fle%2 a lamb1 :5 we correct our irrational impulses2 a kid1 :5 we ma/] impurity2 a dove1 :5 we are simple2 a turtle-dove1 :5 we obs]ve *a/ity2 unleav5$ bread1 ':5 we keep ! fea/ n 9 ! leav5 ( malice1 b 9 ! unleav5$ bread ( s9c]ity & tru?4' ,b ! judgm5t ( ,god is a hidd5 "o1 :5 man _c arrive at ! k ( x ei!r by ! law ( nature or by ! writt5 law1 b only occasionally by a special grace4 ,?is grace comes 9 sev]al ways3 sometimes by simple revelation1 sometimes by revelation assi/$ by a c]ta9 k9d ( trial or debate4 ,simple revelation1 too1 is ( two k9ds3 ei!r ,god gives x ( 8 own accord1 or x is ga9$ by pray]4 ,god gives x ( 8 own accord 9 two ways1 ei!r pla9ly1 or by a sign4 ,8 judgm5t aga9/ ,saul 0 reveal$ to ,samuel pla9ly2 b x 0 by a sign t x 0 reveal$ to ,ph>aoh :at ,god _h judg$ t\*+ ! sett+ free ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel4 ,! judgm5t ( ,god is also giv5 9 answ] to pray]1 z he knew :o spoke 9 ! second book ( ,*ronicles3#bej ,:5 we "k n :at we ought to d1 ?is only h we left1 to direct our eyes to ,!e4 ,footnote #bej3 #b ,*ron4 xx4 #ab 7,vulg474 ,revelation by means ( trial is also ( two k9ds4 ,x is giv5 ei!r by ca/+ lots1 or by combat2 = to /rive 7c]t>e71 is d]iv$ f a phrase :i* means to make c]ta9 7c]tum fac]e74 ,x is cle> t ! judgm5t ( ,god is sometimes reveal$ to m5 by ca/+ lots1 z 9 ! sub/itution ( ,mat?ias 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,aga9 ! judgm5t ( ,god is reveal$ to m5 by combat 9 two ways3 ei!r x is by a trial ( /r5g?1 z 9 ! duels ( *ampions :o are call$ duelliones1 or x is by ! cont5tion ( _m m51 ea* /riv+ to rea* a c]ta9 m>k fir/1 z happ5s 9 ! conte/s ( a?letes :o run = a prize4 ,! fir/ ( ^! me?ods 0 prefigur$ among ! ,g5tiles by ! conte/s betwe5 ,h]cules & ,antu1 :i* ,lucan m5tions 9 ! f\r? book ( 8 ,ph>salia1 & ,ovid 9 ! n9? book ( 8 ,metamorphoses4 ,! second is prefigur$ by ! conte/ betwe5 ,atalanta & ,hippom5es1 describ$ 9 ! t5? book ( ,ovid's ,metamorphoses4#bea ,footnote #bea3 ,ph>s4 iv4 #eic2 ,metam4 ix4 #ahc1 x4 #efi4--7,w474 ,moreov]1 x ought n to pass unnotic$ conc]n+ ^! two k9ds ( /rife1 t :ile 9 ! fir/ ea* *ampion may fairly h9d] 8 antagoni/1 9 ! second ?is is n s2 = a?letes mu/ n h9d] "o ano!r 9 _! /rife1 ?\gh our poet seems to h ?\ght diff]5tly 9 ! fif? neid :]e ,euryalus s receives ! prize4#beb ,b ,cic]o has done bett] 9 =bidd+ ?is practice 9 ! ?ird book ( ! ,de ,(ficiis1 foll[+ ! op9ion ( ,*rysippus4#bec ,he !re says3 ,*rysippus is "r "h1 z he (t5 is1 = he says t he :o runs 9 a race %\ld /rive ) all 8 might to w91 b 9 no way %\ld he try to trip up 8 competitor4 ,footnote #beb3 ,v4 #cce--7,w47 ,footnote #bec3 ,,iii4 #aj4--7,w47 ,) ^! di/9ctions1 !n1 we may assume t !re are two ways 9 :i* m5 may le>n ! judgm5t ( ,god1 z we h on ?is po9t /at$2 fir/ by ! conte/s ( a?letes1 & secondly by ! conte/s ( *ampions4 ,^! ways ( discov]+ ! judgm5t ( ,god ,i w treat ( 9 ! *apt] foll[+4 ,,ix4--,t p !n1 :i* conqu]$ :5 all 7 /riv+ h>d = ! ,empire ( ! _w1 conqu]$ by ! w ( ,god4 ,= ,god c>es m to settle a univ]sal /rife ?an a p>ticul> "o2 & ev5 9 p>ticul> conte/s ! a?letes sometimes ?r[ !mselves on ! judgm5t ( ,god1 accord+ to ! common prov]b3 ,to :om ,god makes ! grant1 him let ,pet] also bless4#bed ,x _c1 !n1 be d\bt$ t ! victory 9 ! /rife = ! ,empire ( ! _w foll[$ ! judgm5t ( ,god4 ,! ,roman p1 :5 all 7 /riv+ = ! ,empire ( ! _w1 conqu]$2 x w be pla9 t s x 01 if we consid] ! prize or goal1 & ^? :o /rove = x4 ,! prize or goal 0 ! supremacy ov] all m52 = x is ?is t we call ! ,empire4 ,none rea*$ ?is b ! ,roman p4 ,n only 7 !y ! fir/1 !y 7 ! only ones to rea* ! goal1 z we %all %ortly see4 ,footnote #bed3 ,witte only gives a qu]y 7874 ,! say+ expresses ! ,ghibell9e view ( ! relation ( ! ,empire to ! ,pope2 x may h orig9at$ ) ! coronation ( ,*>les ! ,great4 ,! fir/ man :o pant$ = ! prize 0 ,n9us1 ,k+ ( ! ,assyrians2 b al?\gh = m ?an n9ety ye>s 7z ,orosius tells#bee7 he1 ) 8 royal consort ,semiramis1 /rove = ! ,empire ( ! _w & made all ,asia subject to himself1 nev]!less he nev] subdu$ ! ,we/4 ,ovid m5tions bo? him & 8 que5 9 ! f\r? book ( ! ,metamorphoses1 :5 he says1 9 ! /ory ( ,pyramus3#bef ,semiramis girdl$ ! r\nd space ) brick-built walls2 &1 let !m come to ,n9us' tomb & hide b5ea? 9 its %ade4 ,footnote #bee3 ,i4 #d4--7,w47 ,footnote #bef3 ,metam4 iv4 #eh1 #hh4--7,w47 ,secondly1 ,vesoges1 ,k+ ( ,egypt1 aspir$ to ?is prize2 b ?\gh he vex$ ! ,nor? & ,s\? ( ,asia1 z ,orosius relates1#beg yet he nev] ga9$ = himself "o-half ( ! _w2 nay1 :51 z x 71 betwe5 ! judges#beh & ! goal1 ! ,scy?ians drove him back f 8 ra% ent]prise4 ,footnote #beg3 ,oros4 i4 #ad4--7,w47 ,footnote #beh3 ,a?lo!t4 ,! judges or umpires 9 ! ,greek games1 ^: seats 7 opposite to ! goal at ! side ( ! /adium4 ,vide ,smi?'s ,diction>y ( ,antiquities1 s4v4 /adium4 ,!n ,cyrus1 ,k+ ( ! ,p]sians1 made ! same attempt2 b aft] ! de/ruction ( ,babylon1 & ! transf]5ce ( its ,empire to ,p]sia1 he did n ev5 rea* ! regions ( ! ,we/1 b lo/ 8 life & 8 object 9 "o day at ! h&s ( ,tamiris1 ,que5 ( ! ,scy?ians4#bei ,footnote #bei3 ,oros4 ii4 #g4--7,w47 ,b aft] t ^! _h fail$1 ,x]xes1 ! son ( ,d>ius & k+ among ! ,p]sians1 assail$ ! _w ) s great a multitude ( nations1 ) s great a p[]1 t he bridg$ ! *annel ( ! sea :i* sep>ates ,asia f ,europe1 betwe5 ,se/os & ,abydos4 ,& ( ?is wond]ful "w ,lucan makes m5tion 9 ! second book ( 8 ,ph>salia3#bfj ,su* pa?s across ! seas1 made by ,x]xes 9 8 pride1 fame tells (4 ,b f9ally he 0 mis]ably repuls$ f 8 ent]prise1 & c\ld n atta9 ! goal4 ,footnote #bfj3 ,ph>s4 ii4 #fib4--7,w47 ,besides ^! k+s1 & aft] _! times1 ,alex&]1 ,k+ ( ,mac$on1 came ne>e/ ( all to ! prize ( mon>*y2 he s5t ambassadors to ! ,romans to dem& _! submission1 b be=e ! ,roman answ] came1 he fell 9 ,egypt1 z ,livy#bfa tells u1 z x 7 9 ! middle ( ! c\rse4 ,( 8 burial !re1 ,lucan speaks 9 ! eigh? book ( 8 ,ph>salia1#bfb :]e he is inveigh+ aga9/ ,ptolemy1 ,k+ ( ,egypt3 ,?\ la/ ( ! ,lagan race1 soon to p]i% 9 ?y deg5]acy1 & to yield ?y k+dom to an ince/u\s si/]2 :ile = !e ! ,mac$onian is kept 9 ! sacr$ cave4444 ,footnote #bfa3 ,n ,livy4 ,cf4 ix4 #ah1 #c1 :]e1 speak+ ( ,alex&] & ! ,romans1 he says3 ,quem ne fam quidem illis notum arbitror fuisse4 ,! /ory is ,greek 9 orig91 com+ f ,cleit>*us 7accord+ to ,pl9y1 ,hi/4 ,nat4 iii4 #i71 :o accompani$ ,alex&] on 8 ,asiatic exp$ition4 ,cf4 ,niebuhr1 ,lectures on ! ,hi/ory ( ,rome1 lect4 #eb1 ,grote1 ,hi/ory ( ,greece1 vol4 xii4 p4 #gj1 note1 :o argue = its tru?1 & ,momms51 ,hi/ory ( ,rome1 vol4 i4 p4 #cid1 :o argues aga9/ x4 ,dante1 says ,witte1 us$ leg5ds ab\t ,alex&] n[ lo/4 ,cf4 ,inf4 xiv4 #ca4 ,footnote #bfb3 ,,viii4 #fib4 ,oh ! dep? ( ! ri*es bo? ( ! wisdom & k ( ,god6 ,:o w n m>vel at !e "h8 ,= :5 ,alex&] 0 try+ to h9d] 8 ,roman competitor 9 ! race1 ?\ did/ sudd5ly snat* him away f ! conte/ t 8 ra%ness might proce$ no fur!r4 ,b t ,rome has won ! cr[n ( s great a victory is prov$ on ! te/imony ( _m4 ,our poet 9 8 fir/ neid says3#bfc ,h5ce1 surely1 %all "o day ! ,romans come1 z ! ye>s roll on1 to be ! lead]s ( ! _w1 f ! blood ( ,teuc] r5ew$2 ov] ! sea & ov] ! l& !y %all hold full sway4#bfd ,& ,lucan1 9 8 fir/ book1 writes3 ,! sword assigns ! k+dom2 & ! =tune ( t mighty p t rules o'er sea & l& & ! :ole e>?1 admitt$ n two to rule4 ,& ,boe?ius1 9 8 second book1#bfe speak+ ( ! ,roman pr9ce says3 ,) 8 sceptre he rul$ ! nations1 ^? :om ,phoebus beholds1 f 8 ris+ af> to :]e he s9ks 8 beams b5ea? ! waves2 ^? :o are b5umb$ by ! fro/y ,sev5 ,/>s ( ! nor?1 ^? :om ! fi]ce s\? w9d scor*es ) 8 heat1 p>*+ ! burn+ s&s4 ,& ,luke1 ! ,scribe ( ,*ri/1 be>s ! same te/imony1 ^: e ^w is true1 :]e he says3 ,!re w5t out a decree f ,cs> ,augu/us t all ! _w %\ld be tax$2 f :i* words we mu/ pla9ly und]/& t ! ,romans _h jurisdiction ov] ! :ole _w4 ,footnote #bfc3 ,i4 #bcd4--7,w47 ,footnote #bfd3 ,i4 #aji4--7,w47 ,footnote #bfe3 ,de ,consol4 ,phil4 ii4 #f4--7,w47 ,f all ?is evid5ce x is manife/ t ! ,roman p prevail$ :5 all 7 /riv+ to ga9 ! ,empire ( ! _w4 ,!re=e x 0 by ! judgm5t ( ,god t x prevail$2 consequ5tly its ,empire 0 ga9$ by ! judgm5t ( ,god1 :i* is to say1 t x 0 ga9$ by "r4 ,x4--,& :at is ga9$ z ! result ( s+le combat or duel is ga9$ ( "r4 ,= :5ev] human judgm5t fails1 ei!r because x is involv$ 9 ! cl\ds ( ignorance1 or because x has n ! assi/ance ( a judge1 !n1 le/ ju/ice %\ld be left des]t$1 we mu/ h rec\rse to ,him :o lov$ ju/ice s mu* t ,he di$ to fulfil :at x requir$ by %$d+ ,8 own blood4 ,!re=e ! ,psalmi/ wrote3 ,! righte\s ,"l love? righte\sness4 ,?is result is ga9$ :51 by ! free cons5t ( ! p>ties1 n f hatr$ b f love ( ju/ice1 m5 inquire ( ! judgm5t ( ,god by a trial ( /r5g? z well ( s\l z ( body4 ,& ?is trial ( /r5g? is call$ a duel1 because 9 ! fir/ in/ance x 0 betwe5 two combatants1 man to man4 ,b :5 two nations qu>rel !y are b\nd to try 9 e possible way to arrange ! qu>rel by means ( discussion2 x is only :5 ?is is hopeless t !y may decl>e w>4 ,cic]o & ,vegetius agree on ?is po9t1 ! =m] 9 8 ,de ,(ficiis1#bff ! latt] 9 8 book on w>4 ,9 ! practice ( m$ic9e rec\rse may only be _h to amputation & caut]is+ :5 e o!r means ( cure h be5 tri$4 ,s 9 ! same way1 x is only :5 we h s\ght 9 va9 = all o!r modes ( decid+ a qu>rel t we may resort to ! rem$y ( a s+le combat1 =c$ !reto by a necessity ( ju/ice4 ,footnote #bff3 ,de ,(f4 i4 #ab2 ,de ,re ,milit4 iii4 prol4--7,w47 ,two =mal rules1 !n1 ( ! s+le combat are cle>1 "o :i* we h j m5tion$1 ! o!r1 :i* we t\*$ on be=e1 t ! combatants or *ampions mu/ ent] ! li/s by common cons5t1 n animat$ by private hatr$ or love1 b simply by an eag] desire = ju/ice4 ,!re=e ,cic]o1 9 t\*+ on ?is matt]1 spoke well :5 he said3 ,w>s1 :i* are wag$ = ! cr[n ( empire1 mu/ be wag$ )\t bitt]ness4#bfg ,footnote #bfg3 ,imp]ii gloria1 n corona1 9 ,cic4 de ,(f4 i4 #ab4--7,w47 ,b1 if ! rules ( s+le combat be kept :5 m5 are driv5 by ju/ice to meet toge!r by common cons5t1 9 _! zeal = ju/ice 7& if !y are n1 ! conte/ ceases to be a s+le combat71 d n !y meet toge!r 9 ! "n ( ,god8 ,& if x is s1 is n ,god 9 ! mid/ ( !m1 = ,he ,himself promises u ?is 9 ! ,gospel8 ,& if ,god is !re1 is x n impi\s to suppose t ju/ice c fail8--t ju/ice :i* ,he lov$ s mu*1 z we h j se54 ,& if s+le combat _c fail to secure ju/ice1 is n :at is ga9$ 9 s+le combat ga9$ z ( "r8 ,?is tru? ! ,g5tiles1 too1 recognis$ be=e ! trumpet ( ! ,gospel 0 s\nd$1 :5 !y s\ght = a judgm5t 9 ! =tune ( s+le combat4 ,s ,pyrrhus1 noble bo? 9 ! mann]s & 9 ! blood ( acid1 gave a wor?y answ] :5 ! ,roman envoys 7 s5t to him to treat = ! ransom ( prison]s4 ,i ask n = gold2 ye %all pay me no price1 be+ n w>-mong]s1 b true m5 ( w>4 ,let ea* decide 8 fate ) /eel1 & n ) gold4 ,:e!r x be y or ,i t our mi/ress wills to reign1 or :at *ance %e may br+ to ea*1 let u try by val\r4 ,he> ye also ?is ^w3 ^? ^: val\r ! =tune ( w> has sp>$1 _! lib]ty w ,i too sp>e4 ,take ye !m z my gift4#bfh ,s spoke ,pyrrhus4 ,by mi/ress he meant ,=tune1 :i* we bett] & m rightly call ! ,provid5ce ( ,god4 ,!re=e1 let ! combatants bew>e t !y fight n = money2 !n x w\ld be no true s+le combat 9 :i* !y f\ght1 = !y w\ld /rive 9 a c\rt ( blood & inju/ice2 & let x n be ?\ght t ,god w\ld !n be pres5t to judge2 nay1 = x w\ld be t anci5t enemy :o _h be5 ! in/igator ( ! /rife4 ,if !y wi% to be true combatants1 & n deal]s 9 blood & inju/ice1 let !m keep ,pyrrhus be=e _! eyes :5 !y ent] ! ar5a1 ! man :o1 :5 he 0 /riv+ = empire1 s scorn$ gold1 z we h said4 ,footnote #bfh3 ,ennius 9 ,cic4 de ,(f4 i4 #ab 7,w47 ,w>-mong] is ,sp5s]'s ^w4 ,f4,q4 #c1 #aj1 #bi4 ,b1 if m5 w n receive ! tru? :i* we h prov$1 & object1 z !y are wont1 t all m5 are n equal 9 /r5g?1 we w refute !m ) ! in/ance ( ! victory ( ,david ov] ,golia?2 & if ! ,g5tiles seek = aught m1 let !m repel ! objection by ! victory ( ,h]cules ov] ,antu4 ,= x is m]e folly to fe> t ! /r5g? :i* ,god makes /rong %\ld be weak] ?an a human *ampion4 ,x is1 !re=e1 n[ suffici5tly cle> t :at is acquir$ by s+le combat is acquir$ by "r4 ,,xi4--,b ! ,roman p ga9$ _! empire by duel betwe5 man & man2 & ?is is prov$ by te/imonies t are wor?y ( all cr$5ce2 & 9 prov+ ?is1 we %all also %[ t :]e any "q _h to be decid$ f ! beg9n+ ( ! ,roman ,empire1 x 0 tri$ by s+le combat4 ,= fir/ ( all1 :5 a qu>rel arose ab\t ! settl+ 9 ,italy ( ,fa!r neas1 ! e>lie/ ance/or ( ?is p1 & :5 ,turnus1 ,k+ ( ! ,rutuli1 )/ood neas1 x 0 at la/ agre$ betwe5 ! two k+s to discov] ! good pleasure ( ,god by a s+le combat1 :i* is sung 9 ! la/ book ( ! neid4 ,& 9 ?is combat neas 0 s m]ciful 9 8 victory1 t he w\ld h grant$ life & peace to ! conqu]$ foe1 _h he n se5 ! belt :i* ,turnus _h tak5 on slay+ ,pallas1 z ! la/ v]ses ( our poet describe4 ,aga91 :5 two peoples _h gr[n up 9 ,italy1 bo? sprung f ! ,trojan /em1 namely1 ! ,romans & ! ,albans1 & !y _h long /riv5 ^: %\ld be ! sign ( ! eagle1#bfi & ! ,p5ates ( ,troy1 & ! hon\rs ( empire2 at la/ by mutual cons5t1 9 ord] to h c]ta9 k ( ! case 9 h&1 ! ?ree ,horatii1 :o 7 bre?r51 & ! ?ree ,curatii1 :o 7 also bre?r51 f\ght toge!r be=e ! k+s & all ! p anxi\sly wait+ on ei!r side2 & s9ce ! ?ree ,alban *ampions 7 kill$1 :ile "o ,roman surviv$1 ! palm ( victory fell to ! ,romans1 9 ! reign ( ,ho/ilius ! k+4 ,?is /ory has be5 dilig5tly put toge!r by ,livy1 9 ! fir/ "p ( 8 hi/ory1 & ,orosius also gives simil> te/imony4#bgj ,footnote #bfi3 ,il sacrosanto segno4 ,v4 ,p>ad4 vi4 #cb4 ,footnote #bgj3 ,liv4 i4 #bd2 ,oros4 ii4 #d4 ,next !y f\ght = empire ) _! neighb\rs ! ,sab9es & ,samnites1 z ,livy tells u2 all ! laws ( w> 7 kept2 & ?\gh ^? :o f\ght 7 v _m 9 numb]1 ! w> 0 9 ! =m ( a combat betwe5 man & man4 ,9 ! conte/ ) ! ,samnites1 ,=tune ne>ly rep5t$ h] ( :at %e _h begun1 z ,lucan in/ances 9 ! second book ( 8 ,ph>salia3#bga ,h[ _m companies lay dead by ! ,coll9e gate !n1 :5 ! head%ip ( ! _w & univ]sal empire well-nigh 7 transf]r$ to o!r seats1 & ! ,samnite heap$ ! corpses ( ,rome beyond ! numb]s#bgb ( ! ,caud9e ,=ks4 ,footnote #bga3 ,,ii4 #ace4 ,footnote #bgb3 ,romanaque ,samnis ,ultra ,caud9as sup]avit vuln]a furcas4 ,ano!r read+ is sp]avit4 ,b aft] t ! inte/9e qu>rels ( ,italy _h ceas$1 & :ile ! issue ( ! /rife ) ,greece & ,c>?age 0 n yet made c]ta9 by ! judgm5t ( ,god--= bo? ,greece & ,c>?age aim$ at empire--!n ,fabricius = ,rome1 & ,pyrrhus = ,greece1 f\ght ) va/ ho/s = ! glory ( empire1 & ,rome ga9$ ! day4 ,& :5 ,scipio = ,rome1 & ,hannibal = ,c>?age1 f\ght man to man1 ! ,africans fell be=e ! ,italians1 z ,livy & all ! o!r ,roman hi/orians /rive to tell4 ,:o !n is s dull ( und]/&+ z n to see t ?is glori\s p has won ! cr[n ( all ! _w1 by ! decision ( combat8 ,surely ! ,roman may repeat ,paul's words to ,timo?y3 ,!re is laid up = me a cr[n ( righte\sness1 laid up1 t is1 9 ! et]nal provid5ce ( ,god4 ,let1 !n1 ! presumptu\s ,juri/s see h[ f> !y /& bel[ t wat*-t[] ( reason :5ce ! m9d ( man reg>ds ^! pr9ciples3 & let !m be sil5t1 cont5t to %[ =? c\nsel & judgm5t accord+ to ! mean+ ( ! law4 ,x has n[ become manife/ t x 0 by combat ( man aga9/ man t ! ,romans ga9$ _! empire3 !re=e x 0 by "r t !y ga9$ x1 & ?is is ! pr9cipal !sis ( ! pres5t book4 ,up to ?is po9t we h prov$ our !sis by argum5ts :i* mo/ly re/ on pr9ciples ( reason2 we mu/ n[ make our po9t cle> by argum5ts bas$ on ! pr9ciples ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,,xii4--,= x is !y :o pr(ess to be zeal\s = ! fai? ( ,*ri/ :o h *iefly rag$ toge!r1 & imag9$ a va9 ?+ aga9/ ! ,roman empire2 m5 :o h no compassion on ! poor ( ,*ri/1 :om !y n only defraud z to ! rev5ues ( ! ,*ur*2 b ! v patrimonies ( ! ,*ur* are daily seiz$ ^u2 & ! ,*ur* is made poor1 :ile mak+ a %[ ( ju/ice !y yet refuse to all[ ! m9i/] ( ju/ice to fulfil 8 (fice4 ,nor does ?is impov]i%m5t happ5 )\t ! judgm5t ( ,god4 ,= _! possessions d n af=d help to ! poor1 to :om belongs z _! patrimony ! weal? ( ! ,*ur*2 & ^! possessions are held )\t gratitude to ! empire :i* gives !m4 ,let ^! possessions g back to :5ce !y came4 ,!y came well2 _! return is evil3 = !y 7 well giv51 & !y are mis*iev\sly held4 ,:at %all we say to %eph]ds l ^!8 ,:at %all we say :5 ! sub/ance ( ! ,*ur* is wa/$1 :ile ! private e/ates ( _! own k9dr$ are enl>g$8 ,b p]*ance x is bett] to proce$ ) :at is set be=e u2 & 9 religi\s sil5ce to wait = our ,savi\r's help4 ,i say1 !n1 t if ! ,roman empire did n exi/ by "r1 ,*ri/ 9 be+ born presuppos$ & sanction$ an unju/ ?+4 ,b ! consequ5t is false2 !re=e ! contradictory ( ! antec$5t is true2 = x is always true ( contradictory propositions1 t if "o is false ! o!r is true4 ,x is n ne$ful to prove ! falsity ( ! consequ5t to a true believ]3 =1 if he be fai?ful1 he w grant x to be false2 & if he be n fai?ful1 !n ?is reason+ is n = him4 ,i prove ! consequ5ce ?us3 :]ev] a man ( 8 own free *oice c>ries out a public ord]1 he c\nt5ances & p]suades by 8 act ! ju/ice ( t ord]2 & see+ t acts are m =cible to p]suade ?an words 7z ,ari/otle holds 9 ! t5? book ( 8 ,e?ics71#bgc !re=e by ?is he p]suades u m ?an if x 7 m]ely an approval 9 words4 ,b ,*ri/1 z ,luke :o writes ,8 /ory1 says1 will$ to be born ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y "u an edict ( ,roman au?ority1 s t 9 t unexampl$ c5sus ( mank9d1 ! ,son ( ,god1 made man1 might be c\nt$ z man3 & ?is 0 to c>ry out t edict4 ,p]haps x is ev5 m religi\s to suppose t x 0 ( ,god t ! decree issu$ ?r\gh ,cs>1 s t ,he :o _h be5 su* long ye>s expect$ among m5 %\ld ,himself enroll himself ) mortal man4 ,footnote #bgc3 ,e?4 x4 #a4 ,!re=e ,*ri/1 by ,8 action1 en=c$ ! ju/ice ( ! edict ( ,augu/us1 :o !n wield$ ! ,roman p[]4 ,& s9ce to issue a j edict implies jurisdiction1 x necess>ily foll[s t ,he :o %[$ t ,he ?\ght an edict j1 mu/ also h %[$ t ,he ?\ght ! jurisdiction "u :i* x 0 issu$ j2 b unless x exi/$ by "r x 7 unju/4 ,& x mu/ be not$ t ! =ce ( ! argum5t tak5 to de/roy ! consequ5t1 ?\gh ! argum5t p>tly holds f its =m1 %[s its =ce 9 ! second figure1 if x be r$uc$ z a syllogism1 j z ! argum5t bas$ on ! assumption ( ! antec$5t is 9 ! fir/ figure4 ,! r$uction is made ?us3 all t is unju/ is p]suad$ to m5 unju/ly2 ,*ri/ did n p]suade u unju/ly2 !re=e ,he did n p]suade u to d unju/ ?+s4 ,f ! assumption ( ! antec$5t ?us3 all inju/ice is p]suad$ to m5 unju/ly3 ,*ri/ p]suad$ a c]ta9 inju/ice to man1 !re=e ,he p]suad$ unju/ly4 ,,xiii4--,& if ! ,roman empire did n exi/ by "r1 ! s9 ( ,adam 0 n puni%$ 9 ,*ri/4 ,?is is false1 !re=e its contradictory is true4 ,! falsehood ( ! consequ5t is se5 ?us4 ,s9ce by ! s9 ( ,adam we 7 all s9n]s1 z ! ,apo/le says3--,:]e=e1 z by "o man s9 ent]$ into ! _w1 & dea? by s91 & s dea? pass$ ^u all m51 = t all h s9n$1--!n1 if ,*ri/ _h n made satisfaction = ,adam's s9 by 8 dea?1 we %\ld /ill by our deprav$ nature be ! *ildr5 ( wra?4 ,b ?is is n s1 = ,paul1 speak+ ( ! ,fa!r 9 8 ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians1 says3 ,hav+ pr$e/9at$ u unto ! adoption ( *ildr5 by ,jesus ,*ri/ to ,himself1 accord+ to ! good pleasure ( ,8 w1 to ! praise ( ! glory ( ,8 grace1 :]e9 ,he ha? made u accept$ 9 ! belov$1 9 :om we h r$emption by ,8 blood1 ! =giv5ess ( s9s accord+ to ! ri*es ( ,8 grace1 :]e9 ,he has ab\nd$ t[>ds u4 ,& ,*ri/ ,himself1 suff]+ 9 ,himself ! puni%m5t1 says 9 ,/4 ,john3 ,x is f9i%$2 = :]e a ?+ is f9i%$1 naught rema9s to be done4 ,x is conv5i5t t x %\ld be und]/ood t puni%m5t is n m]ely p5alty inflict$ on him :o has done wrong1 b t p5alty inflict$ by "o :o has p5al jurisdiction4 ,& !re=e a p5alty %\ld n be call$ puni%m5t1 b r injury1 except :]e x is inflict$ by ! s5t5ce ( a regul> judge4#bgd ,!re=e ! ,israelites said unto ,moses3 ,:o made !e a judge ov] u8 ,footnote #bgd3 ,ab ord9>io judice4 ,if1 !re=e1 ,*ri/ _h n suff]$ by ! s5t5ce ( a regul> judge1 ! p5alty w\ld n prop]ly h be5 puni%m5t2 & none c\ld be a regul> judge :o _h n jurisdiction ov] all mank9d2 = all mank9d 0 puni%$ 9 ! fle% ( ,*ri/1 :o ha? borne our griefs & c>ri$ our sorr[s1 z sai? ! ,prophet ,isaiah4 ,& if ! ,roman empire _h n exi/$ by "r1 ,tib]ius ,cs>1 ^: vic> 0 ,pontius ,pilate1 w\ld n h _h jurisdiction ov] all mank9d4 ,x 0 = ?is reason t ,h]od1 n kn[+ :at he did1 l ,caiaphas1 :5 he spoke truly ( ! decree ( heav51 s5t ,*ri/ to ,pilate to be judg$1 z ,luke relates 9 8 gospel4 ,= ,h]od 0 n ! viceg]5t ( ,tib]ius1 "u ! /&>d ( ! eagle1 or ! /&>d ( ! ,s5ate2 b only a k+1 ) "o p>ticul> k+dom giv5 him by ,tib]ius1 & rul+ ! k+dom committ$ to 8 *>ge "u ,tib]ius4 ,let !m cease1 !n1 to insult ! ,roman empire1 :o pret5d t !y are ! sons ( ! ,*ur*2 :5 !y see t ,*ri/1 ! bridegroom ( ! ,*ur*1 sanction$ ! ,roman empire at ! beg9n+ & at ! end ( ,8 w>f>e on e>?4 ,& n[ ,i ?9k t ,i h made x suffici5tly cle> t x 0 by "r t ! ,romans acquir$ to !mselves ! empire ( ! _w4 ,oh happy p1 oh ,ausonia1 h[ glori\s had/ ?\ be51 if ei!r he1 t weak5] ( ?9e empire1 _h nev] be5 born1 or if 8 own pi\s int5tion _h nev] deceiv$ him8#bge ,footnote #bge3 ,con/ant9e ! ,great4--7,w47 ,,book ,,iii4 ,i4--,he ha? %ut ! lions' m\?s & !y h n hurt me1 =asmu* z be=e ,him ju/ice 0 f\nd 9 me4#bgf ,at ! beg9n+ ( ?is "w ,i propos$ to exam9e into ?ree que/ions1 accord+ z ! subject-matt] w\ld p]mit me4 ,conc]n+ ! two fir/ que/ions our inquiry1 z ,i ?9k1 has be5 suffici5tly accompli%$ 9 ! prec$+ books4 ,x rema9s to treat ( ! ?ird "q2 &1 p]*ance1 x may ar\se a c]ta9 am\nt ( indignation aga9/ me1 = ! tru? ( x _c appe> )\t caus+ %ame to c]ta9 m54 ,b see+ t tru? f its *angeless ?rone appeals to me--t ,solomon too1 ent]+ on ! =e/ ( 8 prov]bs1 tea*es me 9 8 own p]son to m$itate on tru?1 to hate ! wick$2#bgg see+ t ! ,philosoph]1 my in/ructor 9 morals1 bids me1 = ! sake ( tru?1 to put aside :at is de>e/2#bgh ,i w1 !re=e1 take confid5ce f ! words ( ,daniel 9 :i* ! p[] ( ,god1 ! %ield ( ! def5d]s ( tru?1 is set =?1 &1 accord+ to ! exhortation ( ,/4 ,paul1 putt+ on ! brea/-plate ( fai?1 & 9 ! heat ( t coal :i* "o ( ! s]aphim _h tak5 f (f ! alt>1 & laid on ! lips ( ,isaiah1 ,i w ent] on ! pres5t conte/1 &1 by ! arm ( ,him :o deliv]$ u by ,8 blood f ! p[]s ( d>kness1 drive out f ! li/s ! wick$ & ! li>1 9 ! sight ( all ! _w4 ,:y %\ld ,i fe>1 :5 ! ,_s1 :i* is co-et]nal ) ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1 sai? by ! m\? ( ,david3 ,! righte\s %all be _h 9 ev]la/+ remembrance1 he %all n be afraid ( evil tid+s8#bgi ,footnote #bgf3 ,dan4 vi4 #bb4 ,vulg4--7,w47 ,footnote #bgg3 ,prov4 vii4 #g4 ,vulg4--7,w47 ,footnote #bgh3 ,ari/4 ,e?4 i4 #d4--7,w47 ,footnote #bgi3 ,ps4 cxii4 #g4--7,w47 ,! pres5t "q1 !n1 conc]n+ :i* we h to inquire1 is betwe5 two great lum9>ies1 ! ,roman ,pontiff & ! ,roman ,pr9ce3 & ! "q is1 does ! au?ority ( ! ,roman ,mon>*1 :o1 z we h prov$ 9 ! second book1 is ! mon>* ( ! _w1 dep5d imm$iately on ,god1 or on "s m9i/] or vic> ( ,god2 by :om ,i und]/& ! successor ( ,pet]1 :o truly has ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav58 ,,ii4--,= ?is1 z = ! =m] que/ions1 we mu/ take "s pr9ciple1 on ! /r5g? ( :i* we may fa%ion ! argum5ts ( ! tru? :i* is to be exp\nd$4 ,= :at does x pr(it to lab\r1 ev5 9 speak+ tru?1 unless we />t f a pr9ciple8 ,= ! pr9ciple alone is ! root ( all ! propositions :i* are ! means ( pro(4 ,let u1 !re=e1 />t f ! irrefragable tru? t t :i* is repugnant to ! int5tion ( nature1 is aga9/ ! w ( ,god4 ,= if ?is 7 n true its contradictory w\ld n be false2 namely1 t :at is repugnant to ! int5tion ( nature is n aga9/ ,god's w1 & if ?is be n false nei!r are ! consequ5ces !re( false4 ,= x is impossible 9 consequ5ces :i* are necess>y1 t ! consequ5t %\ld be false1 unless ! antec$5t 7 false also4 ,b if a ?+ is n aga9/ ! w x mu/ ei!r be will$ or simply n will$1 j z n to hate means to love1 or n to love2 = n to love does n mean to hate1 & n to w does n mean to w n1 z is self-evid5t4 ,b if ?is is n false1 nei!r w ?is proposition be false2 ,god wills :at ,he does n w1 ?an :i* a great] contradiction does n exi/4 ,i prove t :at ,i say is true z foll[s3 ,x is manife/ t ,god wills ! end ( nature2 o!rwise ! motions ( heav5 w\ld be ( none effect1 & ?is we may n say4 ,if ,god will$ t ! end %\ld be h9d]$1 ,he w\ld w also t ! h9d]+ p[] %\ld ga9 its end1 o!rwise ,8 w w\ld be ( none effect4 ,& s9ce ! end ( ! h9d]+ p[] is ! non-exi/5ce ( :at x h9d]s1 x w\ld foll[ t ,god wills ! non-exi/5ce ( ! end ( nature :i* ,he is said to w4 ,= if ,god did n w t ! end %\ld be h9d]$1 9 s f> z ,he did n w x1 x w\ld foll[ z a consequ5ce to ,8 n will+ x1 t ,he c>$ n\ght ab\t ! h9d]+ p[]1 nei!r :e!r x exi/$1 nor :e!r x did n4 ,b he :o c>es n = ! h9d]+ p[]1 c>es n = ! ?+ :i* c be h9d]$1 & consequ5tly has no wi% = x2 & :5 a man has no wi% = a ?+ he wills x n4 ,!re=e1 if ! end ( nature c be h9d]$1 z x c1 x foll[s ( necessity t ,god wills n ! end ( nature1 & we rea* our previ\s conclusion1 t ,god wills :at ,he does n w4 ,our pr9ciple is !re=e mo/ true1 see+ t f its contradictions su* absurd results foll[4 ,,iii4--,at ! outset we mu/ note 9 ref]5ce to ?is ?ird "q1 t ! tru? ( ! fir/ "q _h to be made manife/ r to remove ignorance ?an to end a dispute4 ,9 ! second "q we s\ght equally to remove ignorance & to end a dispute4 ,= !re are _m ?+s ( :i* we are ignorant1 b conc]n+ :i* we d n qu>rel4 ,9 geometry we "k n h[ to squ>e ! circle1 b we d n qu>rel on t po9t4 ,! !ologian does n "k ! numb] ( ! angels1 b he does n qu>rel ab\t ! numb]4 ,! ,egyptian is ignorant ( ! political sy/em ( ! ,scy?ians1 b he does n !re=e qu>rel conc]n+ x4#bhj ,b ! tru? 9 ?is ?ird "q provokes s mu* qu>rell+ t1 :]eas 9 o!r matt]s ignorance is commonly ! cause ( qu>rell+1 "h qu>rell+ is ! cause ( ignorance4 ,= ?is always happ5s :]e m5 are hurri$ by _! wi%es pa/ :at !y see by _! reason2 9 ?is evil bias !y lay aside ! light ( reason1 & be+ dragg$ on bl9dly by _! desires1 !y ob/9ately d5y t !y are bl9d4 ,&1 !re=e1 x (t5 foll[s n only t falsehood has its own inh]itance1 b t _m m5 issue =? f _! own b\nds & /ray ?r\gh ! =eign camp1 :]e !y und]/& no?+1 & no man und]/&s !m2 & s !y provoke "s to ang]1 & "s to scorn1 & n a few to laught]4 ,footnote #bhj3 ,scy?>um ,civilitatem4 ,cf4 ,ari/4 ,e?ics1 iii4 #e1 :]e ,greek3 to b\leuton is discuss$1 & !nce come ! fir/ & ! ?ird example1 a little alt]$1 ! ,egyptian be+ sub/itut$ = ! ,sp>tan4 ,n[ ?ree classes ( m5 *iefly /rive aga9/ ! tru? :i* we are try+ to prove4 ,fir/1 ! ,*ief ,pontiff1 ,vic> ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ & ! successor ( ,pet]1 to :om we owe1 n inde$ all t we owe to ,*ri/1 b all t we owe to ,pet]1 contradicts ?is tru?1 urg$ x may be by zeal = ! keys2 & also o!r pa/ors ( ! ,*ri/ian %eepfolds1 & o!rs :om ,i believe to be only l$ by zeal = our "m1 ! ,*ur*4 ,^! all1 p]*ance f zeal & n f pride1 )/& ! tru? :i* ,i am ab\t to prove4 ,b !re are c]ta9 o!rs 9 :om ob/9ate gre$ has ext+ui%$ ! light ( reason1 :o are ( _! fa!r ! devil1 & yet pret5d to be sons ( ! ,*ur*4 ,!y n only /ir up qu>rels 9 ?is "q1 b !y hate ! "n ( ! mo/ sacr$ (fice ( ,pr9ce1 & w\ld %amelessly d5y ! pr9ciples :i* we h laid d[n = ?is & ! previ\s que/ions4 ,!re is also a ?ird class call$ ,decretali/s1#bha utt]ly )\t k or skill 9 philosophy or !ology1 :o1 rely+ entirely on _! ,decretals 7:i* d\btless1 ,i ?9k1 %\ld be v5]at$71 & hop+1 ,i believe1 t ^! ,decretals w prevail1 disp>age ! p[] ( ! ,empire4 ,& no wond]1 = ,i h he>d "o ( !m1 speak+ ( ^! ,decretals1 ass]t %amelessly t ! traditions ( ! ,*ur* are ! f\ndation ( ! fai?4 ,may ?is wick$ness be tak5 away f ! ?\ghts ( m5 by ^? :o1 antec$5tly to ! traditions ( ! ,*ur*1 h believ$ 9 ,*ri/ ! ,son ( ,god1 :e!r to come1 or pres5t1 or z hav+ already suff]$2 & :o f _! fai? h hop$1 & f _! hope h k9dl$ into love1 & :o1 burn+ ) love1 w1 ! _w d\bts n1 be made co-heirs ) ,him4 ,footnote #bha3 ,p>ad4 ix4 #acc4--7,w47 ,& t su* argu]s may be exclud$ once = all f ! pres5t debate1 x mu/ be not$ t "p ( ,scripture 0 be=e ! ,*ur*1 t "p ( x came ) ! ,*ur*1 & "p aft] ! ,*ur*4 ,be=e ! ,*ur* 7 ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5t--! cov5ant :i* ! ,psalmi/ says 0 comm&$ = ev]1 ( :i* ! ,*ur* speaks to h] ,bridegroom1 say+3 ,draw me aft] !e4#bhb ,footnote #bhb3 ,ps4 cxi4 #i4 ,cant4 i4 #c4--7,w47 ,) ! ,*ur* came ^? v5]able *ief ,c\ncils1 ) :i* no fai?ful ,*ri/ian d\bts b t ,*ri/ 0 pres5t4 ,= we h ,8 own words to ,8 disciples :5 ,he 0 ab\t to asc5d into heav53 ,lo1 ,i am ) y always1 ev5 unto ! end ( ! _w1 to :i* ,mat!w te/ifies4 ,!re are also ! writ+s#bhc ( ! doctors1 ,augu/9e & o!rs1 ( :om1 if any d\bt t !y 7 aid$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 ei!r he has nev] beheld _! fruit1 or if he has beheld1 he has nev] ta/$ !re(4 ,footnote #bhc3 ,scriptur4 ,aft] ! ,*ur* are ! traditions :i* !y call ,decretals1 :i*1 al?\gh !y are to be v5]at$ = _! apo/olical au?ority1 yet we mu/ n d\bt t !y are to be held inf]ior to fundam5tal ,scripture1 see+ t ,*ri/ rebuk$ ! ,ph>isees = ?is v ?+2 = :5 !y _h ask$3 ,:y d ?y disciples transgress ! tradition ( ! eld]s8 7= !y neglect$ ! wa%+ ( h&s71 ,he answ]$ !m1 z ,mat!w te/ifies3 ,:y d ye also transgress ! comm&m5t ( ,god by y\r tradition8 ,?us ,he intimates pla9ly t tradition 0 to h a l[] place4 ,b if ! traditions ( ! ,*ur* are aft] ! ,*ur*1 x foll[s t ! ,*ur* _h n its au?ority f traditions1 b r traditions f ! ,*ur*2 &1 !re=e1 ! m5 ( :om we speak1 see+ t !y h n\ght b traditions1 mu/ be exclud$ f ! debate4 ,= ^? :o seek aft] ?is tru? mu/ proce$ 9 _! inquiry f ^? ?+s f :i* fl[s ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*4 ,fur!r1 we mu/ exclude o!rs :o boa/ !mselves to be :ite %eep 9 ! flock ( ! ,"l1 :5 !y h ! plumage ( cr[s4 ,^! are ! *ildr5 ( wick$ness1 :o1 t !y may be able to foll[ _! evil ways1 put %ame on _! "m1 drive out _! bre?r51 & :5 !y h done all w all[ none to judge !m4 ,:y %\ld we seek to reason ) ^!1 :5 !y are l$ a/ray by _! evil desires1 & s _c see ev5 our fir/ pr9ciple8 ,!re=e !re rema9s ! controv]sy only ) ! o!r sort ( m5 :o are influ5c$ by a c]ta9 k9d ( zeal = _! "m ! ,*ur*1 & yet "k n ! tru? :i* is s\ght =4 ,) ^! m51 !re=e--/rong 9 ! rev]5ce :i* a dutiful son owes to 8 fa!r1 :i* a dutiful son owes to 8 "m1 dutiful to ,*ri/1 dutiful to ! ,*ur*1 dutiful to ! ,*ief ,%eph]d1 dutiful to all :o pr(ess ! religion ( ,*ri/--,i beg9 9 ?is book ! conte/ = ! ma9t5ance ( ! tru?4 ,,iv4--,^? m5 to :om all our subsequ5t reason+ is address$1 :5 !y ass]t t ! au?ority ( ! ,empire dep5ds on ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*1 z ! inf]ior workman dep5ds on ! ar*itect1 are mov$ to take ?is view by _m argum5ts1 "s ( :i* !y draw f ,holy ,scripture1 & "s also f ! acts ( ! ,supreme ,pontiff & ( ! ,emp]or himself4 ,moreov]1 !y /rive to h "s pro( ( reason4 ,= 9 ! fir/ place !y say t ,god1 accord+ to ! book ( ,g5esis1 made two great lights1 ! great] light to rule ! day1 & ! less] light to rule ! night2 ?is !y und]/& to be an allegory1 = t ! lights are ! two p[]s1#bhd ! spiritual & ! temporal4 ,& !n !y ma9ta9 t z ! moon1 :i* is ! less] light1 only has light s f> z %e receives x f ! sun1 s ! temporal p[] only has au?ority z x receives au?ority f ! spiritual p[]4 ,footnote #bhd3 ,regim9a4 ,= ! dispos+ ( ^!1 & ( o!r l argum5ts1 we mu/ rememb] ! ,philosoph]'s words 9 8 book on ,sophi/ry1 ! ov]?r[ ( an argum5t is ! po9t+ out ( ! mi/ake4#bhe ,footnote #bhe3 ,soph4 ,el4 ii4 #c4--7,w47 ,error may arise 9 two ways1 ei!r 9 ! matt]1 or 9 ! =m ( an argum5t2 ei!r1 t is1 by assum+ to be true :at is false1 or by transgress+ ! laws ( ! syllogism4 ,! ,philosoph] rais$ objections to ! argum5ts ( ,p>m5ides & ,melissus on bo? ( ^! gr\nds1 say+ t !y accept$ :at 0 false1 & t !y did n argue correctly4#bhf ,i use false 9 a l>ge s5se1 z includ+ ! inconceivable1#bhg t :i* 9 matt]s admitt+ only ( probability has ! nature ( fals5ess4 ,if ! error is 9 ! =m ( an argum5t1 he :o wi%es to de/roy ! error mu/ d s by %[+ t ! laws ( ! syllogism h be5 transgress$4 ,if ! error is 9 ! matt]1 x is because some?+ has be5 assum$ :i* is ei!r false 9 itself1 or false 9 relation to t p>ticul> in/ance4 ,if ! assumption is false 9 itself1 ! argum5t mu/ be de/roy$ by de/roy+ ! assumption2 if x is false only 9 t p>ticul> in/ance1 we mu/ draw a di/9ction betwe5 ! fals5ess 9 t p>ticul> in/ance & its g5]al tru?4 ,footnote #bhf3 ,ari/otle1 ,phys4 i4 #b4--7,w47 ,footnote #bhg3 ,inop9abili4 ,hav+ not$ ^! ?+s1 to make x m cle> h[ we de/roy ?is & ! fur!r fallacies ( our adv]s>ies1 we mu/ rem>k t !re are two ways 9 :i* error may arise conc]n+ ! my/ical s5se1 ei!r by seek+ x :]e x is n1 or by accept+ x 9 a s5se o!r ?an its real s5se4 ,on acc\nt ( ! fir/ ( ^! ways1 ,augu/9e says1 9 8 "w ,( ! ,city ( ,god1#bhh t we mu/ n ?9k t all ?+s1 ( :i* we are told1 h a special mean+2 = x is on acc\nt ( t :i* means some?+1 t t also :i* means no?+ is wov5 into a /ory4 ,x is only ) ! pl\gh%>e t we turn up ! e>?2 b ! o!r p>ts ( ! pl\gh are also necess>y4 ,footnote #bhh3 ,dante does n quote ,/4 ,augu/9e's words1 b gives 8 mean+1 xvii4 #b4--7,w47 ,on acc\nt ( ! second way 9 :i* error t\*+ ! int]pretation ( my/]ies may arise1 ,augu/9e1 9 8 book conc]n+ ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 speak+ ( ^? :o wi% to f9d 9 ,scripture some?+ o!r ?an he :o wrote ! ,scripture meant1#bhi says1 t su* are misl$ 9 ! same way z a man :o leaves ! /raight pa?1 & !n arrives at ! end ( ! pa? by a long circuit4 ,& he adds3 ,x ought to be %[n t ?is is a mi/ake1 le/ ?r\gh ! habit ( go+ out ( ! way1 ! man be driv5 to go+ into cross or wrong ways4 ,& !n he intimates :y su* precautions mu/ be tak5 9 int]pret+ ,scripture4 ,fai? w falt]1 if ! au?ority ( ,scripture be n sure4 ,b ,i say t if ^! ?+s happ5 f ignorance1 we mu/ p>don ^? :o d !m1 :5 we h c>efully reprov$ !m1 z we p>don ^? :o imag9e a lion 9 ! cl\ds1 & are afraid4 ,b if !y are done purposely1 we mu/ deal ) ^? :o err ?us1 z we d ) tyrants1 :o in/ead ( foll[+ ! laws ( ! /ate = ! public good1 try to p]v]t !m = _! own advantage4 ,footnote #bhi3 ,i4 #cf1 #cg4 ,dante writes3 p] gyrum4 ,! ,b5$ict9e text has3 p] agrum4 ,oh wor/ ( crimes1 ev5 ?\gh a man commit x 9 8 dreams1 to turn to ill use ! purpose ( ! ,et]nal ,_s4 ,su* an "o does n s9 aga9/ ,moses1 or ,david1 or ,job1 or ,mat!w1 or ,paul1 b aga9/ ! ,et]nal ,_s t speake? 9 !m4 ,= ?\gh ! report]s ( ! words ( ,god are _m1 yet !re is "o only t tells !m :at to write1 ev5 ,god1 :o has deign$ to unfold to u ,8 w ?r\gh ! p5s ( _m writ]s4 ,hav+ ?us fir/ not$ ^! ?+s1 ,i w proce$1 z ,i said above1 to de/roy ! argum5t ( ^? :o say t ! two great lights are typical ( ! two great p[]s on e>?3 = on ?is type re/s ! :ole /r5g? ( _! argum5t4 ,x c be %[n 9 two ways t ?is int]pretation _c be upheld4 ,fir/1 see+ t ^! two k9ds ( p[] are1 9 a s5se1 accid5ts ( m51 ,god w\ld ?us appe> to h us$ a p]v]t$ ord]1 by produc+ ! accid5ts1 be=e ! ess5ce to :i* !y belong exi/$2 & x is ridicul\s to say ?is ( ,god4 ,= ! two great lights 7 creat$ on ! f\r? day1 :ile man 0 n creat$ till ! six? day1 z is evid5t 9 ! text ( ,scripture4 ,secondly1 see+ t ^! two k9ds ( rule are to guide m5 to c]ta9 ends1 z we %all see1 x foll[s t if man _h rema9$ 9 ! /ate ( innoc5ce 9 :i* ,god creat$ him1 he w\ld n h ne$$ su* means ( guidance4 ,^! k9ds ( rule1 !n1 are rem$ies aga9/ ! weakness ( s94 ,s9ce1 !n1 man 0 n a s9n] on ! f\r? day1 = he did n !n ev5 exi/1 x w\ld h be5 idle to make rem$ies = 8 s91 & ?is w\ld be contr>y to ! goodness ( ,god4 ,= he w\ld be a sorry physician :o w\ld make a pla/] = an abscess :i* 0 to be1 be=e ! man 0 born4 ,x _c1 !re=e1 be said t ,god made ^! two k9ds ( rule on ! f\r? day1 & !re=e ! mean+ ( ,moses _c h be5 :at ^! m5 pret5d4 ,we may also be m tol]ant1 & ov]?r[ ?is falsehood by draw+ a di/9ction4 ,?is way ( di/9ction is a g5tl] way ( treat+ an adv]s>y1 = s 8 argum5ts are n made to appe> consci\sly false1 z is ! case :5 we utt]ly ov]?r[ him4 ,i say !n t1 al?\gh ! moon has n light ( its own abundantly1 unless x receives x f ! sun1 yet x does n !re=e foll[ t ! moon is f ! sun4 ,!re=e be x kn[n t ! be+1 & ! p[]1 & ! work+ ( ! moon are all diff]5t ?+s4 ,= its be+1 ! moon 9 no way dep5ds on ! sun1 nor = its p[]1 nor = its work+1 consid]$ 9 itself4 ,its motion comes f its prop] mov]1 its influ5ce is f its own rays4 ,= x has a c]ta9 light ( its own1 :i* is manife/ at ! "t ( an eclipse2 ?\gh = its bett] & m p[]ful work+ x receives f ! sun an abundant light1 :i* enables x to "w m p[]fully4 ,!re=e ,i say t ! temporal p[] does n receive its be+ f ! spiritual p[]1 nor its p[] :i* is its au?ority1 nor its work+ consid]$ 9 itself4 ,yet x is good t ! temporal p[] %\ld receive f ! spiritual ! means ( work+ m effectively by ! light ( ! grace :i* ! b5$iction ( ! ,supreme ,pontiff be/[s on x bo? 9 heav5 & on e>?4 ,!re=e we may see t ! argum5t ( ^! m5 err$ 9 its =m1 because ! pr$icate ( ! conclusion is n ! pr$icate ( ! major premiss4 ,! argum5t runs ?us3 ,! moon receives h] light f ! sun1 :i* is ! spiritual p[]4 ,! temporal p[] is ! moon4 ,!re=e ! temporal p[] receives au?ority f ! spiritual p[]4 ,light is ! pr$icate ( ! major premiss1 au?ority ! pr$icate ( ! conclusion2 :i* two ?+s we h se5 to be v diff]5t 9 _! subject & 9 _! idea4 ,v4--,!y draw ano!r argum5t f ! text ( ,moses1 say+ t ! types ( ^! two p[]s sprang f ! lo9s ( ,jacob1 = t !y are prefigur$ 9 ,levi & ,judah1 :]e( "o 0 f\nd] ( ! spiritual p[]1 & ! o!r ( ! temporal4 ,f ?is !y argue3 ! ,*ur* has ! same relation to ! ,empire t ,levi _h to ,judah4 ,levi prec$$ ,judah 9 8 bir?1 !re=e ! ,*ur* prec$es ! ,empire 9 au?ority4 ,?is error is easily ov]?r[n4 ,= :5 !y say t ,levi & ,judah1 ! sons ( ,jacob1 are ! types ( spiritual & temporal p[]1 ,i c\ld %[ ?is argum5t1 too1 to be :olly false2 b ,i w grant x to be true4 ,!n !y inf]1 z ,levi came fir/ 9 bir?1 s does ! ,*ur* come fir/ 9 au?ority4 ,b1 z 9 ! previ\s argum5t1 ! pr$icates ( ! conclusion & ( ! major premiss are diff]5t3 au?ority & bir? are diff]5t ?+s1 bo? 9 _! subject & 9 _! idea2 & !re=e !re is an error 9 ! =m ( ! argum5t4 ,! argum5t is z foll[s3 ,a prec$es ,b 9 ,c2 ,d & ,e /& 9 ! same relation z ,a & ,b2 !re=e ,d prec$es ,e 9 ,f4 ,b !n ,f & ,c are diff]5t ?+s4 ,& if x is object$ t ,f foll[s f ,c1 t is1 au?ority f priority ( bir?1 & t ! effect is prop]ly sub/itut$ = ! cause1 z if animal 7 us$ 9 an argum5t = m51 ! objection is bad4 ,= !re are _m m51 :o 7 born be=e o!rs1 :o n only d n prec$e ^? o!rs 9 au?ority1 b ev5 come aft] !m3 z is pla9 :]e we f9d a bi%op y\ng] ?an 8 ar*presbyt]s4 ,!re=e _! objection appe>s to err 9 t x assumes z a cause t :i* is none4 ,,vi4--,aga91 f ! fir/ book ( ,k+s !y take ! election & ! deposition ( ,saul2 & !y say t ,saul1 an en?ron$ k+1 0 depos$ by ,samuel1 :o1 by ,god's comm&1 act$ 9 ! /ead ( ,god1 z appe>s f ! text ( ,scripture4 ,f ?is !y argue t1 z t ,vic> ( ,god _h au?ority to give temporal p[]1 & to take x away & be/[ x on ano!r1 s n[ ! ,vic> ( ,god1 ! bi%op ( ! univ]sal ,*ur*1 has au?ority to give ! sceptre ( temporal p[]1 & to take x away1 & ev5 to give x to ano!r4 ,& if ?is 7 s1 x w\ld foll[ )\t d\bt t ! au?ority ( ! ,empire is dep5d5t on ! ,*ur*1 z !y say4 ,b we may answ] & de/roy ?is argum5t1 by :i* !y say t ,samuel 0 ! ,vic> ( ,god3 = x 0 n z ,vic> ( ,god t he act$1 b z a special delegate = ?is purpose1 or z a mess5g] be>+ ! express comm& ( 8 ,"l4 ,= x is cle> t :at ,god comm&$ him1 t only he did1 & t only he said4 ,!re=e we mu/ recognise t x is "o ?+ to be ano!r's vic>1 & t x is ano!r to be 8 mess5g] or m9i/]1 j z x is "o ?+ to be a doctor1 & ano!r to be an int]pret]4 ,= a vic> is "o to :om is committ$ jurisdiction ) law or ) arbitr>y p[]1 & !re=e )9 ! b\nds ( ! jurisdiction :i* is committ$ to him1 he may act by law or by 8 arbitr>y p[] )\t ! k ( 8 "l4 ,x is n s ) a m]e mess5g]1 9 s f> z he is a mess5g]2 b z ! mallet acts only by ! /r5g? ( ! smi?1 s ! mess5g] acts only by ! au?ority ( him t s5t him4 ,al?\gh1 !n1 ,god did ?is by ,8 mess5g] ,samuel1 x does n foll[ t ! ,vic> ( ,god may d ! same4 ,= !re are _m ?+s :i* ,god has done & /ill does1 & yet w d ?r\gh angels1 :i* ! ,vic> ( ,god1 ! successor ( ,pet]1 might n d4 ,!re=e we may see t !y argue f ! :ole to a "p1 ?us3 ,m5 c he> & see1 !re=e ! eye c he> & see3 :i* does n hold4 ,7 ! argum5t negative1 x w\ld be good3 = in/ance1 man _c fly1 !re=e man's arm _c fly4 ,&1 9 ! same way1 ,god _c1 by 8 mess5g]1 cause :at is n to h be51#bij z ,aga?on says2 !re=e nei!r c 8 ,vic>4 ,footnote #bij3 ,z quot$ by ,ari/otle1 ,e?ics1 vi4 #c4--7,w47 ,,vii4--,fur!r1 !y use ! (f]+ ( ! wise m5 f ! text ( ,mat!w1 say+ t ,*ri/ accept$ f !m bo? frank9c5se & gold1 to signify t ,he 0 "l & rul] bo? ( ?+s temporal & ( ?+s spiritual2 & f ?is !y inf] t ! ,vic> ( ,*ri/ is also "l & rul] bo? ( ?+s temporal & ( ?+s spiritual2 & t consequ5tly he has au?ority ov] bo?4 ,to ?is ,i answ]1 t ,i ackn[l$ge t ,mat!w's words & mean+ are bo? z !y say1 b t ! inf]5ce :i* !y attempt to draw !refrom fails1 because x fails 9 ! t]ms ( ! argum5t4 ,_! syllogism runs ?us3 ,god is ! "l bo? ( ?+s temporal & ( ?+s spiritual1 ! holy ,pontiff is ! ,vic> ( ,god2 !re=e he is "l bo? ( ?+s temporal & ( ?+s spiritual4 ,bo? ( ^! propositions are true1 b ! middle t]m 9 !m is diff]5t1 & f\r t]ms are introduc$1 by :i* ! =m ( ! syllogism is n kept1 z is pla9 f :at is said ( ! syllogism simply4#bia ,= ,god is ! subject ( ! major premiss1 & ! ,vic> ( ,god is ! pr$icate ( ! m9or2 & ^! are n ! same4 ,footnote #bia3 ,ari/4 ,anal4 ,prior41 or r1 ! ,summul ,logic1 l4 iv41 ( ,petrus ,hispanus4--7,w47 ,& if anyone raises ! objection t ! ,vic> ( ,god is equal 9 p[] to ,god1 8 objection is idle2 = no vic>1 :e!r human or div9e1 c be equal 9 p[] to ! ma/] ^: vic> he is1 :i* is at once obvi\s4 ,we "k t ! successor ( ,pet] _h n equal au?ority ) ,god1 at lea/ 9 ! works ( nature2 he c\ld n make a clod ( e>? fall upw>ds1 nor fire to burn 9 a d[nw>d direction1 by virtue ( ! (fice committ$ to him4 ,nor c\ld all ?+s be committ$ to him by ,god2 = ,god c\ld n commit to any ! p[] ( creation1 & ( baptism1 z is cle>ly prov$1 not)/&+ :at#bib ! ,ma/] says 9 8 f\r? book4 ,footnote #bib3 ,pet] ,lomb>d1 magi/] s5t5ti>um1 iv4 di/4 #e1 f4 #b4--7,w47 ,we "k also t ! vic> ( a mortal man is n equal 9 au?ority to ! man ^: vic> he is1 s f> z he is 8 vic>2 = none c give away :at is n 84 ,! au?ority ( a pr9ce does n belong to a pr9ce1 except = him to use x2 = no pr9ce c give to himself au?ority4 ,he c inde$ receive au?ority1 & give x up1 b he _c create x 9 ano!r man1 = x does n belong to a pr9ce to create ano!r pr9ce4 ,& if ?is is s1 x is manife/ t no pr9ce c sub/itute = himself a vic> equal to himself 9 au?ority respect+ all ?+s1 & !re=e ! objection to our argum5t has no weight4 ,,viii4--,!y also br+ =w>d t say+ 9 ,mat!w ( ,*ri/ to ,pet]3 ,:atsoev] ?\ %alt b9d on e>? %all be b\nd 9 heav52 & :atsoev] ?\ %alt loose on e>? %all be loos$ 9 heav52 :i* also1 f ! text ( ,mat!w & ,john1 !y all[ to h be5 9 l mann] said to all ! ,apo/les4 ,f ?is !y argue t x has be5 grant$ by ,god to ! successor ( ,pet] to be able to b9d & to loose all ?+s2 h5ce !y inf] t he c loose ! laws & decrees ( ! ,empire1 & also b9d laws & decrees = ! temporal p[]2 &1 if ?is 7 s1 ?is conclusion w\ld rightly foll[4 ,b we mu/ draw a di/9ction t\*+ _! major premiss4 ,_! syllogism is 9 ?is =m4 ,pet] c\ld loose & b9d all ?+s2 ! successor ( ,pet] c d :atev] ,pet] c\ld d2 !re=e ! successor ( ,pet] c b9d & c loose all ?+s3 :5ce !y conclude t he c b9d & c loose ! decrees & ! au?ority ( ! ,empire4 ,n[ ,i admit ! m9or premiss2 b t\*+ ! major premiss ,i draw a di/9ction4 ,! univ]sal ev]y?+ :i* is includ$ 9 :atev] is n di/ribut$ beyond ! ext5t ( ! di/ribut$ t]m4 ,if ,i say all animals run1 all is di/ribut$ s z to include ev]y?+ :i* comes "u ! class animal4 ,b if ,i say all m5 run1 !n all is only di/ribut$ s z to include e individual 9 ! class man2 & :5 ,i say e gramm>ian runs1 !n is ! di/ribution ev5 m limit$4 ,!re=e we mu/ always look to see :at x is t is to be includ$ 9 ! ^w all1 & :5 we "k ! nature & ext5t ( ! di/ribut$ t]m1 x w easily be se5 h[ f> ! di/ribution ext5ds4 ,!re=e1 :5 x is said :atsoev] ?\ %alt b9d1 if :atsoev] bore an unlimit$ s5se1 !y w\ld speak truly1 & ! p[] ( ! ,pope w\ld ext5d ev5 beyond :at !y say2 = he might !n divorce a wife f h] husb&1 & m>ry h] to ano!r :ile h] fir/ husb& 0 yet alive1 :i* he c 9 no wise d4 ,he might ev5 absolve me :5 imp5it5t1 :i* ,god ,himself _c d4 ,!re=e x is manife/ t ! di/ribution ( ! t]m 9 "q is n absolute1 b 9 ref]5ce to some?+4 ,:at ?is is w be suffici5tly cle> if we consid] :at p[] 0 grant$ to ,pet]4 ,*ri/ said to ,pet]3 ,to !e w ,i give ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav5--t is1 ,i w make !e ! doorkeep] ( ! k+dom ( heav54 ,& !n ,he adds3 ,:atsoev]1 :i* is to say all t--to wit1 all t has ref]5ce to ?is duty--?\ %alt h p[] to b9d & to loose4 ,& ?us ! univ]sal :i* is impli$ 9 :atsoev] has only a limit$ di/ribution1 ref]r+ to ! (fice ( ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav54 ,& 9 ?is s5se ! proposition ( our oppon5ts is true1 b1 tak5 absolutely1 x is manife/ly false4 ,i say1 !n1 t al?\gh ! successor ( ,pet] has p[] to b9d & to loose1 z belongs to him to :om ! (fice ( ,pet] 0 committ$1 yet x does n !re=e foll[ t he has p[] to b9d & to loose ! decrees ( ! ,empire1 z our oppon5ts say1 unless !y fur!r prove t to d s belongs to ! (fice ( ! keys1 :i* we %all %ortly %[ is n ! case4 ,,ix4--,!y fur!r take ! words 9 ,luke :i* ,pet] spake to ,*ri/1 say+3 ,behold1 "h are two swords2 & !y und]/ood t by ^! two swords ! two k9ds ( rule 7 =etold4 ,& s9ce ,pet] said "h1 :]e he 01 :i* is to say1 ) him1 !y argue t ! au?ority ( ! two k9ds ( rule re/s ) ! successor ( ,pet]4 ,we mu/ answ] by %[+ t ! int]pretation1 on :i* ! argum5t re/s1 is wrong4 ,!y say t ! two swords ( :i* ,pet] spake mean ! two k9ds ( rule :i* we h spok5 (2 b ?is we :olly d5y1 = !n ,pet]'s answ] w\ld n be accord+ to ! mean+ ( ! words ( ,*ri/2 & also we say t ,pet] made1 z 0 8 wont1 a ha/y answ]1 t\*+ only ! outside ( ?+s4 ,x w be manife/ t su* an answ] z our oppon5ts allege w\ld n be accord+ to ! mean+ ( ! words ( ,*ri/1 if ! prec$+ words1 & ! reason ( !m1 be consid]$4 ,obs]ve1 !n1 t ^! words 7 spok5 on ! day ( ! fea/1 = a little be=e ,luke writes ?us3 ,!n came ! day ( unleav5$ bread1 :5 ! ,passov] mu/ be kill$2 & at ?is fea/ ,*ri/ _h spok5 ( ,8 ,passion1 :i* 0 at h&1 9 :i* x 0 necess>y = ,him to be sep>at$ f ,8 disciples4 ,obs]ve1 too1 t :5 ^! words 7 spok5 ! twelve 7 assembl$ toge!r1 & !re=e1 %ortly aft] ! words :i* we h j quot$1 ,luke says3 ,& :5 ! h\r 0 come ,he sat d[n1 & ! twelve ,apo/les ) ,him4 ,& cont9u+ ,8 disc\rse ) !m1 ,he came to ?is3 ,:5 ,i s5t y1 )\t purse1 & scrip1 & %oes1 lack$ ye any?+8 ,& !y said1 ,no?+4 ,!n said ,he unto !m3 ,b n[1 he t ha? a purse1 let him take x1 & likewise 8 scrip2 & he t ha? no sword1 let him sell 8 g>m5t1 & buy "o4 ,f ^! words ! purpose ( ,*ri/ is suffici5tly manife/2 = ,he did n say3 ,buy1 or get = y\rselves1 two swords1 b r twelve swords1 see+ t ,he spake unto twelve disciples3 ,he t ha? n1 let him buy1 s t ea* %\ld h "o4 ,& ,he said ?is to admoni% !m ( ! p]secution & scorn t !y %\ld suff]1 z ?\gh ,he w\ld say3 ,z long z ,i 0 ) y m5 receiv$ y gladly1 b n[ y w be driv5 away2 !re=e ( necessity ye mu/ prep>e = y\rselves ^? ?+s :i* =m]ly ,i =bade y to h4 ,& !re=e if ! answ] ( ,pet] bore ! mean+ :i* our oppon5ts assign to x1 x w\ld h be5 no answ] to ! words ( ,*ri/2 & ,*ri/ w\ld h rebuk$ him = answ]+ fooli%ly1 z ,he (t5 did rebuke him4 ,b ,*ri/ did n rebuke him1 b 0 satisfi$1 say+ unto him3 ,x is en\gh1 z ?\gh ,he w\ld say3 ,i speak because ( ! necessity2 b if ea* "o ( y _c possess a sword1 two are en\gh4 ,& t x 0 ,pet]'s wont to speak 9 a %all[ mann] is prov$ by 8 ha/y & ?\ghtless =w>dness1 to :i* he 0 l$ n only by ! s9c]ity ( 8 fai?1 b also1 ,i believe1 by ! natural purity & simplicity ( 8 "*4 ,all ! ,evangeli/s be> te/imony to ?is =w>dness4 ,mat!w writes t :5 ,jesus _h ask$ ,8 disciples3 ,:om say ye t ,i am8 ,pet] answ]$ be=e !m all & said3 ,?\ art ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,he writes also t :5 ,*ri/ 0 say+ to ,8 disciples t he mu/ g up to ,j]usalem & suff] _m ?+s1 ,pet] took ,him & began to rebuke ,him1 say+3 ,be x f> f ,!e1 ,"l2 ?is %all n be unto ,!e4 ,b ,*ri/ turn$ & rebuk$ him1 & said3 ,get !e beh9d me1 ,satan4 ,mat!w also writes t 9 ! ,m\nt ( ,transfiguration1 on ! sight ( ,*ri/1 & ( ,moses & ,elias1 & ( ! two sons ( ,zeb$ee1 ,pet] said3 ,"l1 x is good = u to be "h2 if ,?\ wilt1 let u make "h ?ree tab]nacles1 "o = ,!e1 "o = ,moses1 & "o = ,elias4 ,he also writes t :5 ! disciples 7 9 a %ip1 9 ! night1 & ,*ri/ w5t unto !m walk+ on ! sea1 !n ,pet] said unto ,him3 ,"l1 if x be ,?\1 bid me come unto ,!e on ! wat]4 ,& :5 ,*ri/ =etold t all ,8 disciples %\ld be (f5d$ because ( ,him1 ,pet] answ]$ & said3 ,?\gh all m5 %all be (f5d$ because ( ,!e1 yet w ,i nev] be (f5d$2 & !n3 ,?\gh ,i %\ld die ) ,!e1 yet w ,i n d5y ,!e4 ,& to ?is say+ ,m>k be>s witness also4 ,& ,luke writes t ,pet] _h said to ,*ri/1 a little be=e ! words t\*+ ! swords :i* we h quot$3 ,"l1 ,i am ready to g ) ,!e1 bo? into prison & to dea?4 ,& ,john says ( him1 t1 :5 ,*ri/ wi%$ to wa% 8 feet1 ,pet] answ]$ & said3 ,"l1 do/ ,?\ wa% my feet8 & !n3 ,?\ %alt nev] wa% my feet4 ,! same ,evangeli/ tells u t x 0 ,pet] :o smote ! ,high ,prie/'s s]vant ) a sword1 & ! o!r ,evangeli/s also be> witness to ?is ?+4 ,he tells u also h[ ,pet] ent]$ ! sepul*re at once1 :5 he saw ! o!r disciple wait+ outside1 & h[1 :5 ,*ri/ 0 on ! %ore aft] ! resurrection1 :5 ,pet] _h he>d t x 0 ! ,"l1 he girt 8 fi%]'s coat unto him 7= he 0 nak$7 & did ca/ himself into ! sea4 ,la/ly1 ,john tells t :5 ,pet] saw ,john1 he said unto ,jesus3 ,"l1 & :at %all ?is man d8 ,x is a pleasure to h pursu$ ?is po9t ab\t our ,*ief ,%eph]d1#bic 9 praise ( 8 purity ( _s2 b f :at ,i h said x is pla9 t :5 he spake ( ! two swords1 he answ]$ ! words ( ,*ri/ ) no second mean+4 ,footnote #bic3 ,ar*im&rita no/ro4 ,cf4 ,p>ad4 xi4 #ii1 ( ,/4 ,francis4--7,w47 ,b if we are to receive ^! words ( ,*ri/ & ( ,pet] typically1 !y mu/ n be expla9$ z our adv]s>ies expla9 !m2 b !y mu/ be ref]r$ to t sword ( :i* ,mat!w writes3 ,?9k n t ,i am come to s5d peace on ! e>?2 ,i come n to s5d peace1 b a sword4 ,= ,i am come to set a man at v>iance aga9/ 8 fa!r1 c4 ,& ?is comes to pass n only 9 words1 b also 9 fact4 ,& !re=e ,luke speaks to ,!ophilus ( all t ,jesus began bo? to d & to tea*4 ,x 0 a sword ( t k9d t ,*ri/ comm&$ !m to buy2 & ,pet] said t x 0 already d\bly !re4 ,= !y 7 ready bo? = words & = de$s1 by :i* !y %\ld accompli% :at ,*ri/ said t ,he _h come to d by ! sword4 ,x4--,c]ta9 p]sons say fur!r t ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e1 hav+ be5 cleans$ f leprosy by ! int]cession ( ,sylve/]1 !n ! ,supreme ,pontiff1 gave unto ! ,*ur* ! seat ( ,empire :i* 0 ,rome1 toge!r ) _m o!r dignities belong+ to ! ,empire4#bid ,h5ce !y argue t no man c take unto himself ^! dignities unless he receive !m f ! ,*ur*1 ^: !y are said to be4 ,f ?is x w\ld rightly foll[1 t "o au?ority dep5ds on ! o!r1 z !y ma9ta94 ,footnote #bid3 ,on ! ,donation ( ,con/ant9e1 ,witte ref]s to ,inf4 xxxviii4 #id2 xix4 #aae2 ,purg4 xxxii4 #abd2 ,p>ad4 xx4 #ce2 supr ii4 #ab4 ,! argum5ts :i* seem$ to h _! roots 9 ! ,div9e words1 h be5 /at$ & disprov$4 ,x rema9s to /ate & disprove ^? :i* are gr\nd$ on ,roman hi/ory & 9 ! reason ( mank9d4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is ! "o :i* we h m5tion$1 9 :i* ! syllogism runs z foll[s3 ,no "o has a "r to ^? ?+s :i* belong to ! ,*ur*1 unless he has !m f ! ,*ur*2 & ?is we grant4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ,rome belongs to ! ,*ur*2 !re=e no "o has a "r to x unless x be giv5 him by ! ,*ur*4 ,! m9or premiss is prov$ by ! facts conc]n+ ,con/ant9e1 :i* we h t\*$ on4 ,?is m9or premiss !n w ,i de/roy2 & z = _! pro(1 ,i say t x proves no?+4 ,= ! dignity ( ! ,empire 0 :at ,con/ant9e c\ld n ali5ate1 nor ! ,*ur* receive4 ,& :5 !y insi/1 ,i prove my words z foll[s3 ,no man on ! /r5g? ( ! (fice :i* is committ$ to him1 may d aught t is contr>y to t (fice2 = s "o & ! same man1 view$ z "o man1 w\ld be contr>y to himself1 :i* is impossible4 ,b to divide ! ,empire is contr>y to ! (fice committ$ to ! ,emp]or2 = 8 (fice is to hold mank9d 9 all ?+s subject to "o w3 z may be easily se5 f ! fir/ book ( ?is treatise4 ,!re=e x is n p]mitt$ to ! ,emp]or to divide ! ,empire4 ,if1 !re=e1 z !y say1 any dignities _h be5 ali5at$ by ,con/ant9e1 & _h pass$ to ! ,*ur*1 ! coat )\t seam--:i* ev5 !y1 :o pi]c$ ,*ri/1 ! true ,god1 ) a spe>1 d>$ n r5d--w\ld h be5 r5t4#bie ,footnote #bie3 ,ea* side 9 ! controv]sy us$ ! type ( ! seamless robe1 "o ( ! ,empire 7supr i4 #af71 ! o!r ( ! ,*ur*2 e4g41 9 ! ,bull ( ,boniface ,,viii41 ,unam ,sanctam4 ,fur!r1 j z ! ,*ur* has its f\ndation1 s has ! ,empire its f\ndation4 ,! f\ndation ( ! ,*ur* is ,*ri/1 z ,paul says 9 8 fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians3 ,= o!r f\ndation c no man lay ?an t :i* is laid1 :i* is ,jesus ,*ri/4#bif ,he is ! rock on :i* ! ,*ur* is built2 b ! f\ndation ( ! ,empire is human "r4 ,n[ ,i say t1 z ! ,*ur* may n g contr>y to its f\ndation--b mu/ always re/ on its f\ndation1 z ! words ( ! ,canticles say3 ,:o is %e t come? up f ! des]t1 ab\nd+ 9 delights1 lean+ on h] belov$8#big--;9 ! same way ,i say t ! ,empire may n d aught t transgresses human "r4 ,b 7 ! ,empire to de/roy itself1 x w\ld s transgress human "r4 ,!re=e ! ,empire may n de/roy itself4 ,s9ce !n to divide ! ,empire w\ld be to de/roy x1 because ! ,empire consi/s 9 "o s+le univ]sal ,mon>*y1 x is manife/ t he :o ex]cises ! au?ority ( ! ,empire may n de/roy x1 & f :at we h said be=e1 x is manife/ t to de/roy ! ,empire is contr>y to human "r4 ,footnote #bif3 #a ,cor4 iii4 #aa4--7,w47 ,footnote #big3 ,cant4 viii4 #e4--7,w47 ,moreov]1 all jurisdiction is prior 9 "t to ! judge :o has x2 = x is ! judge :o is orda9$ = ! jurisdiction1 n ! jurisdiction = ! judge4 ,b ! ,empire is a jurisdiction1 compreh5d+ )9 itself all temporal jurisdiction3 !re=e x is prior to ! judge :o has x1 :o is ! ,emp]or4 ,= x is ! ,emp]or :o is orda9$ = ! ,empire1 & n contr>iwise4 ,!re=e x is cle> t ! ,emp]or1 9 s f> z he is ,emp]or1 _c alt] ! ,empire2 = x is to ! ,empire t he owes 8 be+4 ,i say !n t he :o is said to h conf]r$ on ! ,*ur* ! au?ority 9 "q ei!r 0 ,emp]or1 or he 0 n4 ,if he 0 n1 x is pla9 t he _h no p[] to give away any "p ( ! ,empire4 ,nor c\ld he1 if he 0 ,emp]or1 9 s f> z he 0 ,emp]or1 = su* a gift w\ld be a dim9i%+ ( 8 jurisdiction4 ,fur!r1 if "o ,emp]or 7 able to cut (f a c]ta9 portion ( ! jurisdiction ( ! ,empire1 s c\ld ano!r2 & s9ce temporal jurisdiction is f9ite1 & s9ce all t is f9ite is tak5 away by f9ite dim9utions1 x w\ld foll[ t x is possible = ! fir/ ( all jurisdictions to be annihilat$1 :i* is absurd4 ,fur!r1 s9ce he t gives is 9 ! position ( an ag5t1 & he to :om a ?+ is giv5 9 t ( a pati5t1 z ! ,philosoph] holds 9 ! f\r? book to ,nicoma*us1#bih !re=e1 t a gift may be giv51 we require n only ! fit qualification ( ! giv]1 b also ( ! receiv]2 = ! acts ( ! ag5t are complet$ 9 a pati5t :o is qualifi$4#bii ,b ! ,*ur* 0 altoge!r unqualifi$ to receive temporal ?+s2 = !re is an express comm&1 =bidd+ h] s to d1 :i* ,mat!w gives ?us3 ,provide nei!r gold1 nor silv]1 nor brass 9 y\r purses4 ,= ?\gh we f9d 9 ,luke a relaxation ( ! comm& 9 reg>d to c]ta9 matt]s1 yet ,i h n any:]e be5 able to f9d t ! ,*ur* aft] t prohibition _h lic5ce giv5 h] to possess gold & silv]4 ,if !re=e ! ,*ur* 0 unable to receive temporal p[]1 ev5 grant+ t ,con/ant9e 0 able to give x1 yet ! gift 0 impossible2 = ! receiv] 0 disqualifi$4 ,x is !re=e pla9 t nei!r c\ld ! ,*ur* receive 9 ! way ( possession1 nor c\ld ,con/ant9e give 9 ! way ( ali5ation2 ?\gh x is true t ! ,emp]or1 z protector ( ! ,*ur*1 c\ld allot to ! ,*ur* a patrimony & o!r ?+s1 if he did n impair 8 supreme lord%ip1 ! unity ( :i* does n all[ division4 ,& ! ,vic> ( ,god c\ld receive su* ?+s1 n to possess !m1 b z a /ew>d to disp5se ! fruits ( !m to ! poor ( ,*ri/1 on behalf ( ! ,*ur*1 z we "k ! ,apo/les did4 ,footnote #bih3 ,e?4 iv4 #a4--7,w47 ,footnote #bii3 ,dispositio2 dispositus2 indisposita4 ,,xi4--,our adv]s>ies fur!r say t ! ,pope ,hadrian#cjj summon$ ,*>les ! ,great to 8 own assi/ance#cja & to t ( ! ,*ur*1 on acc\nt ( ! wrongs suff]$ f ! ,lomb>ds 9 ! "t ( _! k+ ,desid]ius1 & t ,*>les receiv$ f t ,pope ! imp]ial dignity1 not)/&+ t ,mi*ael 0 emp]or at ,con/ant9ople4 ,& !re=e !y say t all ! ,roman emp]ors :o succe$$ ,*>les 7 !mselves ! advocates ( ! ,*ur*1 & ought by ! ,*ur* to be call$ to _! (fice4 ,f :i* w\ld foll[ t dep5d5ce ( ! ,empire on ! ,*ur* :i* !y wi% to prove4 ,footnote #cjj3 ,a4,d4 #ggc4--7,w47 ,footnote #cja3 ,advocavit4 ,b to ov]set _! argum5t1 ,i reply t :at !y say is n\ght2 = a usurpation ( "r does n make "r2 & if x 7 s1 x might be prov$ 9 ! same way t ! ,*ur* is dep5d5t on ! ,empire2 = ! ,emp]or ,otto re/or$ ! ,pope ,leo1 & depos$ ,b5$ict1 lead+ him into exile to ,saxony4#cjb ,footnote #cjb3 ,otto ,i4 7#ifd7 depos$ ,b5$ict ,v4 & re/or$ ,leo ,,viii4 ,,xii4--,b f reason !y ?us argue3 !y take ! pr9ciple laid d[n 9 ! t5? book ( ,philosophia ,prima1#cjc say+ t all ?+s :i* belong to "o g5us are to be br\ght "u "o head1 :i* is ! /&>d & measure ( all t come "u t g5us4 ,b all m5 belong to "o g5us3 !re=e !y are to be br\ght "u "o head1 z ! /&>d & measure ( !m all4 ,b ! ,supreme ,pontiff & ! ,emp]or are m52 !re=e if ! prec$+ reason+ be true1 !y mu/ be br\ght "u "o head4 ,& s9ce ! ,pope _c come "u any o!r man1 ! result is t ! ,emp]or1 toge!r ) all o!r m51 mu/ be br\ght "u ! ,pope1 z ! measure & rule ( all2 & !n1 :at ^? :o argue ?us desire foll[s4 ,footnote #cjc3 ,ari/4 ,metaph4 x4 #a4--7,w47 ,to ov]set ?is argum5t1 ,i answ] t !y are "r :5 !y say t all ! individuals ( "o g5us ought to be br\ght "u "o head1 z _! measure2 & t !y are aga9 "r :5 !y say t all m5 belong to "o g5us1 & t !y are also "r :5 !y argue f ^! tru?s t all m5 %\ld be br\ght "u "o head1 tak5 f ! g5us man1 z _! measure & type4 ,b :5 !y obta9 ! fur!r conclusion conc]n+ ! ,pope & ! ,emp]or1 !y fall into a fallacy t\*+ accid5tal attributes4 ,t ?is ?+ may be und]/ood1 x mu/ be cle>ly kn[n t to be a man is "o ?+1 & to be a pope or an emp]or is ano!r2 j z to be a man is diff]5t f be+ a fa!r or a rul]4 ,a man is t :i* exi/s by its ess5tial =m1 :i* gives x its g5us & species1 & by :i* x comes "u ! category ( sub/ance4 ,b a fa!r is t :i* exi/s by an accid5tal =m1 t is1 "o :i* /&s 9 a c]ta9 relation :i* gives x a c]ta9 g5us & species1 & ?r\gh :i* x comes "u ! category ( relation4 ,if ?is 7 n s1 all ?+s w\ld come "u ! category ( sub/ance1 see+ t no accid5tal =m c exi/ by itself1 )\t ! support ( an exi/+ sub/ance2 & ?is is n s4 ,see+1 !re=e1 t ! ,pope & ! ,emp]or are :at !y are by virtue ( c]ta9 relations3 = !y owe _! exi/5ce to ! ,papacy & ! ,empire1 :i* are bo? relations1 "o com+ )9 ! sph]e ( fa!rhood1 & ! o!r )9 t ( rule2 x manife/ly foll[s t bo? ! ,pope & ! ,emp]or1 9 s f> z !y are ,pope & ,emp]or1 mu/ come "u ! category ( relation2 & !re=e t !y mu/ be br\ght "u "s head ( t g5us4 ,i say !n t !re is "o /&>d "u :i* !y are to be br\ght1 z m52 & ano!r "u :i* !y come1 z ,pope & ,emp]or4 ,= 9 s f> z !y are m51 !y h to be br\ght "u ! be/ man1 :oev] he be1 :o is ! measure & ! ideal ( all mank9d2 "u him1 t is1 :o is mo/ "o 9 8 k9d1#cjd z may be ga!r$ f ! la/ book to ,nicoma*us4#cje ,:51 h[ev]1 two ?+s are relative1 x is evid5t t !y mu/ ei!r be reciprocally br\ght "u ea* o!r1 if !y are alt]nately sup]ior1 or if by ! nature ( _! relation !y belong to connect$ species2 or else !y mu/ be br\ght "u "s ?ird ?+1 z _! common unity4 ,b ! fir/ ( ^! suppositions is impossible3 = !n bo? w\ld be pr$icable ( bo?1 :i* _c be4 ,we _c say t ! ,emp]or is ! ,pope1 or ! ,pope ! ,emp]or4 ,nor aga9 c x be said t !y are connect$ 9 species1 = ! idea ( ! ,pope is q o!r ?an ! idea ( ! ,emp]or1 9 s f> z !y are ,pope & ,emp]or4 ,!re=e !y mu/ be r$uc$ to "s s+le ?+ above !m4 ,footnote #cjd3 ,ad exi/5tem maxime unum 9 g5]e suo4 ,footnote #cje3 ,e?4 x4 #e1 #g4--7,w47 ,n[ x mu/ be und]/ood t ! relative is to ! relative z ! relation to ! relation4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! ,papacy & ! ,empire1 see+ t !y are relations ( p>am\nt sup]iority1 h to be c>ri$ back to "s high] po9t ( sup]iority f :i* !y1 ) ! features :i* make !m diff]5t1#cjf bran* (f1 ! ,pope & ,emp]or1 be+ relative to "o ano!r1 mu/ be br\ght back to "s "o unity 9 :i* ! high] po9t ( sup]iority1 )\t ?is *>act]i/ic diff]5ce1 is f\nd4 ,& ?is w be ei!r ,god1 to :om all ?+s unite 9 look+ up1 or some?+ bel[ ,god1 :i* is high] 9 ! scale ( sup]iority1 :ile diff]+ f ! simple & absolute sup]iority ( ,god4 ,?us x is evid5t t ! ,pope & ! ,emp]or1 9 s f> z !y are m51 h to be br\ght "u "s "o head2 :ile1 9 s f> z !y are ,pope & ,emp]or1 !y h to be br\ght "u ano!r head1 & s f> is cle>1 z reg>ds ! argum5t f reason4 ,footnote #cjf3 ,cum diff]5tialibus suis4 ,,xiii4--,we h n[ /at$ & put on "o side ^? errone\s reason+s on :i* !y1 :o ass]t t ! au?ority ( ! ,roman ,emp]or dep5ds on ! ,pope ( ,rome1 d mo/ *iefly rely4 ,we h n[ to g back & %[ =? ! tru? 9 ?is ?ird "q1 :i* we propos$ 9 ! beg9n+ to exam9e4 ,! tru? w appe> pla9ly en\gh if ,i />t 9 my inquiry f ! pr9ciple :i* ,i laid d[n1 & !n %[ t ! au?ority ( ! ,empire spr+s imm$iately f ! head ( all be+1 :o is ,god4 ,?is tru? w be made manife/1 ei!r if x be %[n t ! au?ority ( ! ,empire does n spr+ f ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*2 = !re is no argum5t conc]n+ any o!r au?ority4 ,or aga91 if x be %[n by direct pro( t ! au?ority ( ! ,empire spr+s imm$iately f ,god4 ,we prove t ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur* is n ! cause ( ! au?ority ( ! ,empire 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,no?+ c be ! cause ( p[] 9 ano!r ?+ :5 t o!r ?+ has all its p[]1 :ile ! fir/ ei!r does n exi/1 or else has no p[] ( action4#cjg ,b ! ,empire _h its p[] :ile ! ,*ur* 0 ei!r n exi/+ at all1 or else _h no p[] ( act+4 ,!re=e ! ,*ur* is n ! cause ( ! p[] ( ! ,empire1 & !re=e n ( its au?ority ei!r1 = p[] & au?ority mean ! same ?+4 ,let ,a be ! ,*ur*1 ,b ! ,empire1 ,c ! au?ority or p[] ( ! ,empire4 ,if ,c is 9 ,b :ile ,a does n exi/1 ,a _c be ! cause ( ,c be+ 9 ,b1 = x is impossible = an effect to exi/ be=e its cause4 ,fur!r1 if ,c is 9 ,b :ile ,a does n act1 x _c be t ,a is ! cause ( ,c be+ 9 ,b2 =1 to produce an effect1 x is necess>y t ! cause1 especially ! effici5t cause ( :i* we are speak+1 %\ld h be5 at "w fir/4 ,! major premiss ( ?is argum5t is self-evid5t1 & ! m9or premiss is confirm$ by ,*ri/ & ! ,*ur*4 ,*ri/ confirms x by ,8 bir? & ,8 dea?1 z we h said2 ! ,*ur* confirms x 9 ! words :i* ,paul spake to ,fe/us 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les3 ,i /& at ,cs>'s judgm5t-seat1 :]e ,i ought to be judg$1 & by ! words :i* an angel ( ,god spake to ,paul a little aft]w>ds3 ,fe> n1 ,paul2 ?\ mu/ be br\ght be=e ,cs>2 & aga9 by ,paul's words to ! ,jews ( ,italy3 ,b :5 ! ,jews spake aga9/ x1 ,i 0 con/ra9$ to appeal unto ,cs>2 n t ,i _h aught to accuse my nation (1 b to deliv] my s\l f dea?4 ,b if ,cs> _h n at t "t _h ! au?ority to judge 9 temporal matt]s1 ,*ri/ w\ld n h argu$ ?us2 nor w\ld ! angel h br\ght ^! words2 nor w\ld he1 :o spake ( himself z hav+ a desire to dep>t & to be ) ,*ri/1 h made an appeal to a judge n hav+ au?ority4#cjh ,footnote #cjg3 ,non virtuante4 ,footnote #cjh3 ,incompet5tem4 ,acts xxv4 #aj2 xxvii4 #bd2 xxviii4 #ai4 ,phil4 i4 #bc4--7,w47 ,& if ,con/ant9e _h n _h ! au?ority ov] ! patronage ( ! ,*ur*1 ^? ?+s :i* he allott$ f ! ,empire he c\ld n h _h ! "r to allot2 & s ! ,*ur* w\ld be us+ ?is gift aga9/ "r2 :]eas ,god wills t (f]+s %\ld be pure1 z is comm&$ 9 ,leviticus3 ,no meat (f]+ t ye %all br+ unto ! ,"l %all be made ) leav54 ,& ?\gh ?is comm& appe>s to reg>d ^? :o (f]1 nev]!less x also reg>ds ^? :o receive an (f]+4 ,= x is folly to suppose t ,god wi%es to be receiv$ t :i* ,he =bids to be (f]$1 = 9 ! same book !re is a comm& to ! ,levites3 ,ye %all n make y\rselves abom9able ) any creep+ ?+ t creepe?2 nei!r %all ye make y\rselves unclean ) !m1 t ye %all be defil$ !reby4#cji ,b to say t ! ,*ur* s misuses ! patrimony assign$ to h] is v unseemly2 !re=e ! premiss f :i* ?is conclusion foll[$ is false4 ,footnote #cji3 ,levit4 ii4 #aa2 xi4 #dc4--7,w47 ,,xiv4--,aga91 if ! ,*ur* _h p[] to be/[ au?ority on ! ,roman ,pr9ce1 %e w\ld h x ei!r f ,god1 or f h]self1 or f "s ,emp]or1 or f ! univ]sal cons5t ( mank9d1 or at lea/ ( ! majority ( mank9d4 ,!re is no o!r crevice by :i* ?is p[] c\ld fl[ d[n to ! ,*ur*4 ,b %e has x n f any ( ^! s\rces2 !re=e %e has x n at all4 ,x is manife/ t %e has x f none ( ^! s\rces2 = if %e _h receiv$ x f ,god1 %e w\ld h receiv$ x ei!r by ! div9e or by ! natural law3 because :at is receiv$ f nature is receiv$ f ,god2 ?\gh ! conv]se ( ?is is n true4 ,b ?is p[] is n receiv$ by ! natural law2 = nature lays d[n no law1 save = ! effects ( nature1 = ,god _c fail 9 p[]1 :]e he br+s any?+ into be+ )\t ! aid ( second>y ag5ts4 ,s9ce !re=e ! ,*ur* is n an effect ( nature1 b ( ,god :o said3 ,^u ?is rock ,i w build my ,*ur*1 & else:]e3 ,i h f9i%$ ! "w :i* ,?\ gave/ me to d1 x is manife/ t nature did n give ! ,*ur* ?is law4 ,nor 0 ?is p[] be/[$ by ! div9e law2 = ! :ole ( ! div9e law is conta9$ 9 ! bosom ( ! ,old or ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & ,i _c f9d !re9 t any ?\ght or c>e = worldly matt]s 0 comm&$1 ei!r to ! e>ly or to ! latt] prie/hood4 ,nay1 ,i f9d r su* c>e tak5 away f ! prie/s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t by ! express comm& ( ,god to ,moses1#caj & f ! prie/s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t by ! express comm& ( ,*ri/ to ,8 disciples4#caa ,b x c\ld n be t ?is c>e 0 tak5 away f !m1 if ! au?ority ( ! temporal p[] fl[$ f ! prie/hood2 = at lea/ 9 giv+ ! au?ority !re w\ld be an anxi\s wat*fulness ( =e?\ght1 & aft]w>ds cont9u$ precaution1 le/ he to :om au?ority _h be5 giv5 %\ld leave ! /raight way4 ,footnote #caj3 ,numb]s xviii4 #bj4 ,cf4 ,purg4 xvi4 #aca4--7,w47 ,footnote #caa3 ,matt4 x4 #i4--7,w47 ,!n x is q pla9 t ! ,*ur* did n receive ?is p[] f h]self2 = no?+ c give :at x has n4 ,!re=e all t does any?+1 mu/ be su* 9 its do+1 z t :i* x int5ds to d1 z is /at$ 9 ! book ( ,simple ,be+4#cab ,b x is pla9 t if ! ,*ur* gave to h]self ?is p[]1 %e _h x n be=e %e gave x4 ,?us %e w\ld h giv5 :at %e _h n1 :i* is impossible4 ,footnote #cab3 ,ari/4 ,metaph4 ix4 #h4--7,w47 ,b x is suffici5tly manife/ f :at we h previ\sly made evid5t t ! ,*ur* has receiv$ n ?is p[] f any ,emp]or4 ,& fur!r1 t %e _h x n f ! cons5t ( all1 or ev5 ( ! great] "p ( mank9d1 :o c d\bt8 see+ t n only all ! inhabitants ( ,asia & ,africa1 b ev5 ! great] numb] ( ,europeans1 hold ! ?\ght 9 abhorr5ce4 ,x is m]e we>9ess to adduce pro(s 9 matt]s :i* are s pla94 ,,xv4--,aga91 t :i* is contr>y to ! nature ( a ?+ _c be c\nt$ z "o ( its ess5tial p[]s2 = ! ess5tial p[]s ( ea* individual foll[ on its nature1 9 ord] to ga9 its end4 ,b ! p[] to grant au?ority 9 t :i* is ! realm ( our mortal /ate is contr>y to ! nature ( ! ,*ur*4#cac ,!re=e x is n 9 ! numb] ( its ess5tial p[]s4 ,= ! pro( ( ! m9or premiss we mu/ "k t ! nature ( ! ,*ur* means ! =m or ess5ce#cad ( ! ,*ur*4 ,= al?\gh m5 use ! ^w nature n only ( ! =m ( a ?+1 b also ( its matt]1 nev]!less1 x is ( ! =m t !y use x m prop]ly1 z is prov$ 9 ! book ( ,natural ,le>n+4#cae ,b ! ess5ce or =m ( ! ,*ur* is no?+ else ?an ! life ( ,*ri/1 z x is conta9$ bo? 9 ,8 say+s & 9 ,8 de$s4 ,= ,8 life 0 ! example & ideal ( ! militant ,*ur*1 especially ( its pa/ors1 & above all ( its *ief pa/or1 to :om x belongs to fe$ ! %eep & ! lambs ( ,*ri/4 ,& !re=e :5 ,*ri/ left ,8 life unto m5 = an example ,he said 9 ,john's ,gospel3 ,i h giv5 y an example t ye %\ld d z ,i h done to y4 ,& ,he said unto ,pet] specially1 aft] t ,he _h committ$ unto him ! (fice ( %eph]d1 ! words :i* ,john also reports3 ,pet]1 foll[ me4 ,b ,*ri/ d5i$ be=e ,pilate t ,8 rule 0 ( ?is sort1 say+3 ,my k+dom is n ( ?is _w3 if my k+dom 7 ( ?is _w1 !n w\ld my s]vants fight1 t ,i %\ld n be deliv]$ to ! ,jews2 b n[ is my k+dom n f h5ce4#caf ,footnote #cac3 ,virtus auctoriz&i regnum no/r mortalitatis e/ contra naturam ,ecclesi4 ,footnote #cad3 ,=ma4 ,footnote #cae3 ,ari/4 ,phys4 ,ausc4 ii4 #a4--7,w47 ,footnote #caf3 ,john xiii4 #ae2 xxi4 #bb2 xviii4 #cf4--7,w47 ,b ?is say+ mu/ n be und]/ood to mean t ,*ri/1 :o is ,god1 is n ! "l ( ?is k+dom1 = ! ,psalmi/ says3 ,! sea is ,81 & ,he made x1 & ,8 h&s =m$ ! dry l&4#cag ,we mu/ und]/& x to mean t1 z ! patt]n ( ! ,*ur*1 ,he _h n ! c>e ( ?is k+dom4 ,x is z if a gold5 seal 7 to speak ( itself1 & say3 ,i am n ! /&>d = su* & su* a class ( ?+s2 = 9 s f> z x is gold1 ?is say+ is untrue1 see+ t gold is ! /&>d ( all metals2 b x is true 9 s f> z x is a sign capable ( be+ receiv$ by impression4 ,footnote #cag3 ,ps4 xcv4 #e4--7,w47 ,x belongs1 !n1 to ! v =m ( ! ,*ur* always to speak ! same1 always to ?9k ! same2 & to d ! opposite ( ?is is evid5tly contr>y to its ess5tial =m--t is to say1 to its nature4 ,& f ?is x may be collect$ t ! p[] ( be/[+ au?ority on ?is k+dom is contr>y to ! nature ( ! ,*ur*2 = contr>iety :i* is 9 ?\ght or ^w foll[s f contr>iety :i* is 9 ! ?+ ?\ght & ! ?+ said2 j z tru? & falsehood 9 spee* come f ! be+ or ! n-be+ ( ! ?+1 z we le>n f ! doctr9e ( ! ,categories4 ,x has !n become manife/ en\gh by means ( ! prec$+ argum5ts1 by :i* ! cont5tion ( our oppon5ts has be5 %[n to lead to an absurd result1 t ! au?ority ( ! ,empire is n 9 any way dep5d5t on ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*4 ,,xvi4--,al?\gh x has be5 prov$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt] t ! au?ority ( ! ,empire has n its cause 9 ! au?ority ( ! ,supreme ,pontiff2 = we h %[n t ?is argum5t l$ to absurd results2 yet x has n be5 entirely %[n t ! au?ority ( ! ,empire dep5ds directly ^u ,god1 except z a result f our argum5t4 ,= x is a consequ5ce t1 if ! au?ority comes n f ! vic> ( ,god1 x mu/ come f ,god ,himself4 ,& !re=e1 = ! complete det]m9ation ( ! "q propos$1 we h to prove directly t ! emp]or or mon>* ( ! _w /&s 9 an imm$iate relation to ! ,k+ ( ! univ]se1 :o is ,god4 ,= ! bett] compreh5d+ ( ?is1 x mu/ be recognis$ t man alone1 ( all creat$ ?+s1 holds a position midway betwe5 ?+s corruptible & ?+s incorruptible2 & !re=e#cah philosoph]s rightly lik5 him to a divid+ l9e betwe5 two hemisph]es4 ,= man consi/s ( two ess5tial p>ts1 namely1 ! s\l & ! body4 ,if he be consid]$ 9 relation to 8 body only1 he is corruptible2 b if he be consid]$ 9 relation to 8 s\l only1 he is incorruptible4 ,& !re=e ! ,philosoph] spoke well conc]n+ ! incorruptible s\l :5 he said 9 ! second book ( ! ,s\l3 ,x is ?is alone :i* may be sep>at$1 z be+ et]nal1 f ! corruptible4#cai ,footnote #cah3 ,9 ! ,de ,causis 7v4 above1 i4 #aa71 ,propos4 #i3 ,intellig5tia compreh5dit g5]ata et naturam1 et horizontem natur1 scilicet animam2 nam ipsa e/ supra naturam4--7,w47 ,footnote #cai3 ,ari/4 ,de ,anim4 ii4 #b4--7,w47 ,if1 !re=e1 man holds ?is position midway betwe5 ! corruptible & ! incorruptible1 s9ce e middle nature p>takes ( bo? extremes1 man mu/ %>e some?+ ( ea* nature4 ,& s9ce e nature is orda9$ to ga9 "s f9al end1 x foll[s t = man !re is a d\ble end4 ,= z he alone ( all be+s p>ticipates bo? 9 ! corruptible & ! incorruptible1 s he alone ( all be+s is orda9$ to ga9 two ends1 :]eby "o is 8 end 9 s f> z he is corruptible1 & ! o!r 9 s f> z he is incorruptible4 ,two ends1 !re=e1 h be5 laid d[n by ! ineffable provid5ce ( ,god = man to aim at3 ! bless$ness ( ?is life1 :i* consi/s 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 natural p[]s1 & :i* is prefigur$ 9#cbj ! e>?ly ,p>adise2 & next1 ! bless$ness ( ! life et]nal1 :i* consi/s 9 ! fruition ( ! sight ( ,god's c\nt5ance1 & to :i* man by 8 own natural p[]s _c rise1 if he be n aid$ by ! div9e light2 & ?is bless$ness is und]/ood by ! heav5ly ,p>adise4 ,footnote #cbj3 ,see ,purg4 xxviii43 & ,mr4 ,longfell['s note ad loc4 ,b to ^! diff]5t k9ds ( bless$ness1 z to diff]5t conclusions1 we mu/ come by diff]5t means4 ,= at ! fir/ we may arrive by ! lessons ( philosophy1 if only we w foll[ !m1 by act+ 9 accordance ) ! moral & intellectual virtues4 ,b at ! second we c only arrive by spiritual lessons1 transc5d+ human reason1 s t we foll[ !m 9 accordance ) ! !ological virtues1 fai?1 hope1 & *>ity4 ,! tru? ( ! fir/ ( ^! conclusions & ( ^! means is made manife/ by human reason1 :i* by ! philosoph]s has be5 all laid op5 to u4 ,! o!r conclusions & means are made manife/ by ! ,holy ,_s1 :o by ! m\? ( ! ,prophets & holy writ]s1 & by ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! co-et]nal ,son ( ,god1 & ,8 disciples1 has reveal$ to u sup]natural tru? ( :i* we h great ne$4 ,nev]!less human passion w\ld ca/ !m all beh9d its back1 if x 7 n t m51 go+ a/ray l ! bea/s t p]i%1#cba 7 re/ra9$ 9 _! c\rse by bit & bridle1 l horses & mules4 ,footnote #cba3 ,sua be/ialitate vagantes4 ,v4 ,ps4 xxxii4 #aj4 ,!re=e man _h ne$ ( two guides = 8 life1 z he _h a tw(old end 9 life2 :]e( "o is ! ,supreme ,pontiff1 to lead mank9d to et]nal life1 accord+ to ! ?+s reveal$ to u2 & ! o!r is ! ,emp]or1 to guide mank9d to happ9ess 9 ?is _w1 9 accordance ) ! tea*+ ( philosophy4 ,& s9ce none1 or b a few only1 & ev5 !y ) sore difficulty1 c\ld arrive at ?is h>b\r ( happ9ess1 unless ! waves & bl&i%m5ts ( human desires 7 set at re/1 & ! human race 7 free to live 9 peace & quiet1 ?is !re=e is ! m>k at :i* he :o is to c>e = ! _w1 & :om we call ! ,roman ,pr9ce1 mu/ mo/ *iefly aim at3 ,i mean1 t 9 ?is little plot ( e>?#cbb belong+ to mortal m51 life may pass 9 fre$om & ) peace4 ,& s9ce ! ord] ( ?is _w foll[s ! ord] ( ! heav5s1 z !y run _! c\rse1 x is necess>y1 to ! end t ! le>n+ :i* br+s lib]ty & peace may be duly appli$ by ?is gu>dian ( ! _w 9 fitt+ season & place1 t ?is p[] %\ld be disp5s$ by ,him :o is ev] pres5t to behold ! :ole ord] ( ! heav5s4 ,& ?is is ,he :o alone has preorda9$ ?is1 t by x 9 ,8 provid5ce ,he might b9d all ?+s toge!r1 ea* 9 _! own ord]4 ,footnote #cbb3 ,cf4 ,p>ad4 xxii4 #aea4 ,l'ajuola *e ci fa tanto f]oci4 ,b if ?is is s1 ,god alone elects1 ,god alone confirms3 = !re is none high] ?an ,god4 ,& h5ce !re is ! fur!r conclusion1 t nei!r ^? :o n[ are1 nor any o!rs :o may1 9 :atsoev] way1 h be5 call$ ,electors1 ought to h t "n2 r !y are to be held z decl>]s & ann\nc]s ( ! provid5ce ( ,god4 ,&1 !re=e1 x is t !y to :om is grant$ ! privilege ( ann\nc+ ,god's w sometimes fall into disagreem5t2 because t1 all ( !m or "s ( !m h be5 bl9d$ by _! evil desires1 & h n disc]n$ ! face ( ,god's appo9tm5t4#cbc ,footnote #cbc3 ,v4 ,hallam1 ,middle ,ages1 c4 v4 ,bryce1 ,roman ,empire1 c4 xiv4 ,witte1 ,prf4 p4 xxxiv4 xlv4 ,x is !re=e cle> t ! au?ority ( temporal ,mon>*y comes d[n1 ) no int]m$iate w1 f ! f\nta9 ( univ]sal au?ority2 & ?is f\nta91 "o 9 its unity1 fl[s ?r\gh _m *annels out ( ! abundance ( ! goodness ( ,god4 ,& n[1 me?9ks1 ,i h rea*$ ! goal :i* ,i set be=e me4 ,i h unravell$ ! tru? ( ! que/ions :i* ,i ask$3 :e!r ! (fice ( ,mon>*y 0 necess>y to ! welf>e ( ! _w2 :e!r x 0 by "r t ! ,roman p assum$ to !mselves ! (fice ( ,mon>*y2 &1 fur!r1 t la/ "q1 :e!r ! au?ority ( ! ,mon>* spr+s imm$iately f ,god1 or f "s o!r4 ,yet ! tru? ( ?is latt] "q mu/ n be receiv$ s n>r[ly z to d5y t 9 c]ta9 matt]s ! ,roman ,pr9ce is subject to ! ,roman ,pontiff4 ,= t happ9ess1 :i* is subject to mortality1 9 a s5se is ord]$ ) a view to ! happ9ess :i* %all n ta/e ( dea?4 ,let1 !re=e1 ,cs> be rev]5t to ,pet]1 z ! fir/-born son %\ld be rev]5t to 8 fa!r1 t he may be illum9at$ ) ! light ( 8 fa!r's grace1 & s may be /rong] to light5 ! _w ov] :i* he has be5 plac$ by ,him alone1 :o is ! rul] ( all ?+s spiritual z well z temporal4 ,,! ,,end4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,de ,,mon>*ia4 ,,book ,i4 ,,:e!r ,a ,,temporal ,,mon>*y ,,is ,,necess>y ,,= ,,! ,,well-,,be+ ,,( ,,! ,,_w8 ,,*ap4 ,,page ,i4--,introduction #agg ,,ii4--,:at is ! end ( ! civil ord] ( mank9d8 #agh ,,iii4--,x is to cause ! :ole p[] ( ! human intellect to act 9 speculation & op]ation #ahj ,,iv4--,to atta9 ?is end1 mank9d ne$s univ]sal peace #ahd ,v4--,:5 sev]al means are orda9$ to ga9 an end1 "o ( !m mu/ be supreme ov] ! o!rs #ahe ,,vi4--,! ord] :i* is f\nd 9 ! p>ts ( mank9d ought to be f\nd 9 mank9d z a :ole #ahh ,,vii4--,k+doms & nations ought to /& 9 ! same relation to ! mon>* z mank9d to ,god #ahi ,,viii4--,m5 7 made 9 ! image ( ,god2 b ,god is "o ib4 ,,ix4--,m5 are ! *ildr5 ( ,heav51 & !y ought to imitate ! footpr9ts ( ,heav5 #aij ,x4--,!re is ne$ ( a ,supreme ,judge = ! decision ( all qu>rels #aia ,,xi4--,! _w is be/ ord]$ :5 ju/ice is /ronge/ !re9 #aib ,,xii4--,m5 are at _! be/ 9 fre$om #aih ,,xiii4--,he :o is be/ qualifi$ to rule c be/ ord] o!rs #bja ,,xiv4--,:5 x is possible1 x is bett] to ga9 an end by "o ag5t ?an by _m #bjc ,,xv4--,t :i* is mo/ "o is ev]y:]e be/ #bjf ,,xvi4--,*ri/ will$ to be born 9 ! fulness ( "t1 :5 ,augu/us 0 mon>* #bji ,,book ,,ii4 ,,:e!r ,,! ,,roman ,,p ,,assum$ ,,to ,,itself ,,by ,,"r ,,! ,,dignity ,,( ,,empire8 ,,*ap4 ,,page ,i4--,introduction #baa ,,ii4--,t :i* ,god wills 9 human society is to be held z ,"r #bac ,,iii4--,x 0 fitt+ = ! ,romans1 z be+ ! noble/ nation1 to be pref]r$ be=e all o!rs #baf ,,iv4--,! ,roman ,empire 0 help$ by miracles1 & !re=e 0 will$ by ,god #bbj ,v4--,! ,romans1 9 br++ ! _w into subjection1 aim$ at ! good ( ! /ate1 & !re=e at ! end ( ,"r #bbc ,,vi4--,all m51 :o aim at ,"r1 walk accord+ to ,"r #bbi ,,vii4--,! ,romans 7 orda9$ = empire by ,nature #bcb ,,viii4--,! judgm5t ( ,god %[$ t empire fell to ! lot ( ! ,romans #bce ,,ix4--,! ,romans prevail$ :5 all nations 7 /riv+ = empire #bci ,x4--,:at is acquir$ by s+le combat is acquir$ z ( ,"r #bdc ,,xi4--,! s+le combats ( ,rome #bdg ,,xii4--,*ri/1 by be+ born1 proves to u t ! au?ority ( ! ,roman ,empire 0 j #bej ,,xiii4--,*ri/1 by dy+1 confirm$ ! jurisdiction ( ! ,roman ,empire ov] all mank9d #bec ,,book ,,iii4 ,,:e!r ,,! ,,au?ority ,,( ,,! ,,mon>* ,,comes ,,directly ,,f ,,god1 ,,or ,,f ,,"s ,,vic> ,,( ,,god8 ,,*ap4 ,,page ,i4--,introduction #bef ,,ii4--,god wills n t :i* is repugnant to ! int5tion ( ,nature #beg ,,iii4--,( ! ?ree classes ( our oppon5ts1 & ( ! too great au?ority :i* _m ascribe to tradition #bei ,,iv4--,! argum5t drawn by our oppon5ts f ! sun & ! moon #bfd ,v4--,! argum5t drawn f ! prec$5ce ( ,levi ov] ,judah #bgj ,,vi4--,! argum5t drawn f ! cr[n+ & deposition ( ,saul by ,samuel #bga ,,vii4--,! argum5t drawn f ! oblation ( ! ,magi #bgc ,,viii4--,! argum5t drawn f ! p[] ( ! keys giv5 to ,pet] #bge ,,ix4--,! argum5t drawn f ! two swords #bgh ,x4--,! argum5t drawn f ! donation ( ,con/ant9e #bhb ,,xi4--,! argum5t drawn f ! summon+ ( ,*>les ! ,great by ,pope ,hadrian #bhg ,,xii4--,! argum5t drawn f reason #bhh ,,xiii4--,! au?ority ( ! ,*ur* is n ! cause ( ! au?ority ( ! ,empire #bia ,,xiv4--,! ,*ur* has p[] to be/[ su* au?ority nei!r f ,god1 nor f itself1 nor f any emp]or #bid ,,xv4--,! p[] ( giv+ au?ority to ! ,empire is aga9/ ! nature ( ! ,*ur* #big ,,xvi4--,! au?ority ( ! ,empire comes directly f ,god #bii 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*>les ,,dick5s ,,& ,,evans1 ,,cry/al ,,palace ,,press4 ,,b$=d ,,/reet1 ,,/r&1 ,,london1 ,w4,c4 ,may1 #ahhe4 ,,macmillan ,,co4',s ,,catalogue ( ,works 9 ! ,dep>tm5ts ( ,hi/ory1 ,biography1 ,travels1 ,critical & ,lit]>y ,essays1 ,politics1 ,political & ,social ,economy1 ,law1 etc42 & ,works connect$ ) ,language4 ,,hi/ory1 ,,biography1 ,,travels1 c4 ,,addison4--,,essays ,,( ,,joseph ,,addison4 ,*os5 & edit$ by ,,john ,,ri*>d ,,gre51 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d41 late ,honor>y ,fell[ ( ,jesus ,college1 ,ox=d4 #ahmo4 #ds4 #f;d4 7,gold5 ,treasury ,s]ies47 ,,albem>le4--,,fifty ,,ye>s ,,( ,,my ,,life4 ,by ,,george ,,?omas1 ,e>l ( ,albem>le4 ,) ,/eel ,portrait ( ! ,fir/ ,e>l ( ,albem>le1 engrav$ by ,,je5s4 ,?ird & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,alfr$ ,,! ,,great4--,by ,,?omas ,,hughes1 ,q4,c4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 7,biographical ,s]ies47 ,,appleton4--,a ,,nile ,,j\rnal4 ,by ,t4,g4 ,,appleton4 ,illu/rat$ by ,,eug5e ,,b5son4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,arnold 7,,mat!w47--,works by ,,mat!w ,,arnold1 ,d4,c4,l4 ,,essays ,,9 ,,criticism4 ,new ,edition1 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #is4 ,,high] ,,s*ools ,,& ,,univ]sities ,,9 ,,g]many4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,popul> ,,education ,,( ,,france4 ,) ,notices ( t ( ,holl& & ,switz]l&4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,arnold 7,w4,t47--,,! ,,roman ,,sy/em ,,( ,,prov9cial ,,adm9i/ration ,,to ,,! ,,accession ,,( ,,con/ant9e ,,! ,,great4 ,be+ ! ,arnold ,prize ,essay = #ahgi4 ,by ,w4,t4 ,,arnold1 ,b4,a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,art4--,,! ,,ye>',s ,,art3 ,a concise ,epitome ( all ,matt]s relat+ to ! ,arts ( ,pa9t+1 ,sculpture1 & ,ar*itecture1 :i* h occurr$ dur+ ! ,ye> #ahhj1 toge!r ) ,in=mation respect+ ! ,ev5ts ( ! ,ye> #ahha4 ,compil$ by ,,m>cus ,b4 ,,hui%4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,same1 #ahgi-ahhj4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,artevelde4--,,james ,,& ,,philip ,,van ,,artevelde4 ,by ,w4,j4 ,,a%ley1 ,b4,a41 late ,s*ol> ( ,balliol ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,be+ ! ,lo?ian ,prize ,essay = #ahhb4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,atk9son4--,,an ,,art ,,t\r ,,to ,,nor!rn ,,capitals ,,( ,,europe1 includ+ ,descriptions ( ! ,t[ns1 ! ,museums1 & o!r ,art ,treasures ( ,cop5hag51 ,*ri/iana1 ,/ockholm1 ,abo1 ,hels+=s1 ,wiborg1 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ,mosc[1 & ,kief4 ,by ,j4 ,,beav+ton ,,atk9son4 #hvo4 #abs4 ,,bailey4--,,! ,,succession ,,to ,,! ,,engli% ,,cr[n4 ,a ,hi/orical ,sket*4 ,by ,a4 ,,bailey1 ,m4,a41 ,b>ri/]-at-,law4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,bak] 7,,sir ,,samuel ,w47--,works by ,sir ,,samuel ,,bak]1 ,pa*a1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,r4,s41 ,f4,r4,g4,s43-- ,,cyprus ,,z ,i ,,saw ,,x ,,9 #ahgi4 ,) ,frontispiece4 #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,,ismail,a3 ,a ,n>rative ( ! ,exp$ition to ,c5tral ,africa = ! ,suppression ( ! ,slave ,trade1 organis$ by ,ismail1 ,kh$ive ( ,egypt4 ,) ,portraits1 ,map1 & num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,alb]t ,n',,yanza1 ,great ,bas9 ( ! ,nile1 & ,exploration ( ! ,nile ,s\rces4 ,) ,maps & ,illu/rations4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,nile ,,tribut>ies ,,( ,,abyss9ia1 & ! ,sword ,hunt]s ( ! ,hamran ,arabs4 ,) ,maps & ,illu/rations4 ,six? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,egyptian ,,"q4 ,be+ ,lett]s to ! ,times & ! ,pall ,mall ,gazette4 ,) ,map4 ,demy #hvo4 #bs4 ,,bancr(t4--,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica1 ,,f ,,! ,,discov]y ,,( ,,! ,,cont95t4 ,by ,,george ,,bancr(t4 ,new & ?or\ghly ,revis$ ,edition4 ,six ,vols4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #eds4 ,,b>k] 7,,lady74--,works by ,,lady ,,b>k]4 ,a ,,ye>',s ,,h\sekeep+ ,,9 ,,s\? ,,africa4 ,by ,,lady ,,b>k]4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,/ation ,,life ,,9 ,,new ,,zeal&4 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,lett]s ,,to ,,guy4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,,ba?4--,,obs]vations ,,on ,,bulg>ian ,,affairs4 ,by ! ,,m>quis ,,( ,,ba?4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,beesly4--,,/ories ,,f ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,rome4 ,by ,mrs4 ,,beesly4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,beck]4--,,di/urb$ ,,irel&1 be+ ! ,lett]s ,writt5 dur+ ! ,w9t] ( #ahhj-ahha4 ,by ,,b]n>d ,h4 ,,beck]1 ,special ,commission] ( ,! ,daily ,news4 ,) ,r\te ,maps4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,b]lioz1 ,,hector1 ,,autobiography ,,(1 ,memb] ( ! ,in/itute ( ,france f #ahjc-ahfe2 compris+ 8 ,travels 9 ,italy1 ,g]many1 ,russia1 & ,engl&4 ,translat$ entire f ! second ,p>is ,edition by ,,ra*el 7,scott ,russell7 ,,holmes & ,,eleanor ,,holmes4 #b vols4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bas4 ,,b]n>d 7,,/47--,,! ,,life ,,& ,,times ,,( ,,/4 ,,b]n>d1 ,abbot ( ,clairvaux4 ,by ,j4,c4 ,,morison1 ,m4,a4 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 7,biographical ,s]ies47 ,,biographical ,,sket*es1 #aheb-ahge4 ,by ,,h>riet ,,m>t9eau4 ,) f\r ,additional ,sket*es1 & ,autobiographical ,sket*4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 7,biographical ,s]ies47 ,,bism>ck--,,9 ,,! ,,franco-,,g]man ,,w>4 ,an ,au?oriz$ ,translation f ! ,g]man ( ,dr4 ,,moritz ,,bus*4 ,two ,vols4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ahs4 ,,bism>ck--,,our ,,*ancellor4 ,sket*es = a ,hi/orical ,picture by ,dr4 ,,moritz ,,bus*4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man by ,,william ,,beatty-,,k+/on1 ,au?or ( ,william ,i41 ,g]man ,emp]or1 ,! ,battle ( ,b]l91 c4 #b vols4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ahs4 ,,blackburne4--,,biography ,,( ,,! ,,"r ,,hon4 ,,francis ,,blackburne1 ,late ,"l ,*ancellor ( ,irel&4 ,*iefly 9 connection ) 8 ,public & ,political ,c>e]4 ,by 8 ,son1 ,,edw>d ,,blackburne1 ,q4,c4 ,) ,portrait engrav$ by ,,je5s4 #hvo4 #abs4 ,,blake4--,,life ,,( ,,william ,,blake4 ,) ,selections f 8 ,poems & o!r ,writ+s4 ,illu/rat$ f ,blake's own ,works4 ,by ,,alex&] ,,gil*ri/4 ,a new & ,enl>g$ ,edition1 ) additional ,lett]s1 & a ,memoir ( ! ,au?or4 ,pr9t$ on h&-made pap]1 ! ,illu/rations on ,india pap]1 & m\nt$ 9 ! text4 #b vols4 ,clo? elegant1 gilt1 ) ,designs aft] ,blake by ,,fr$]ick ,j4 ,,%ields4 ,m$ium #hvo4 #b #bs4 ,,bl&=d 7,w4,t47--,,geology ,,& ,,zoology ,,( ,,abyss9ia4 ,by ,w4,t4 ,,bl&=d4 #hvo4 #bas4 ,,boleyn1 ,,anne3 ,a ,*apt] ( ,engli% ,hi/ory1 #aebg-aecf4 ,by ,,paul ,,fri$mann4 #b vols4 ,demy #hvo4 #bhs4 ,,b\ghton--,,abbey4--,,sket*+ ,,rambles ,,9 ,,holl&4 ,by ,g4,h4 ,,b\ghton1 ,a4,r4,a41 & ,e4,a4 ,,abbey4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,fcap4 #dto4 #bas4 ,,brimley4--,,essays4 ,by ! late ,,george ,,brimley1 ,m4,a41 ,libr>ian ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,edit$ by ,w4,g4 ,,cl>k1 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ & ,tutor ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,new ,edition4 ,globe #hvo4 #es4 ,,cont5ts4--,t5nyson's ,poems--,wordswor?'s ,poems--,poetry & ,criticism--,c>lyle's ,life ( ,/]l+--,esmond--,we/w>d ,ho6--,wilson's ,noctes ,ambrosian--,comte's ,positive ,philosophy1 c4 ,,bront4--,,*>lotte ,,bront4 ,a ,monograph4 ,by ,t4 ,,wemyss ,,reid4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 7,biographical ,s]ies47 ,,brook4--,,fr5* ,,hi/ory ,,= ,,engli% ,,*ildr54 ,by ,,s>ah ,,brook4 ,) ,col\r$ ,maps4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,brooke4--,,! ,,raja ,,( ,,s>awak3 an ,acc\nt ( ,sir ,james ,brooke1 ,k4,c4,b41 ,,ll4,d4 ,giv5 *iefly ?r\gh ,lett]s or ,j\rnals4 ,by ,,g]trude ,l4 ,,jacob4 ,) ,portrait & ,maps4 ,two ,vols4 #hvo4 #bes4 ,,bryce4--,works by ,,james ,,bryce1 ,m4,p41 ,d4,c4,l41 ,regius ,pr(essor ( ,civil ,law1 ,ox=d3-- ,,! ,,holy ,,roman ,,empire4 ,sev5? ,edition1 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,transcaucasia ,,& ,,ar>at3 be+ notes ( a ,vacation ,t\r 9 ! ,autumn ( #ahgf4 ,) an ,illu/ration & ,map4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #is4 ,,burgoyne4--,,political ,,& ,,milit>y ,,episodes ,,dur+ ,,! ,,fir/ ,,half ,,( ,,! ,,reign ,,( ,,george ,,iii4 ,d]iv$ f ! ,life & ,correspond5ce ( ! ,"r ,hon4 ,j4 ,burgoyne1 ,lieut4-,g5]al 9 8 ,maje/y's ,army1 & ,m4,p4 = ,pre/on4 ,by ,e4,b4 ,,de ,,fonblanque4 ,) ,portrait1 ,heliotype ,plate1 & ,maps4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,burke4--,,lett]s1 ,,tracts1 ,,& ,,spee*es ,,on ,,iri% ,,affairs4 ,by ,,edmund ,,burke4 ,arrang$ & ,edit$ by ,,mat!w ,,arnold4 ,) a ,preface4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,bus*4--,,bism>ck ,,9 ,,! ,,franco-,,g]man ,,w>1 #ahgj-ahga4 ,au?oris$ ,translation f ! ,g]man ( ,dr4 ,,moritz ,,bus*4 #b vols4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ahs4 ,,our ,,*ancellor4 ,sket*es = a ,hi/orical ,picture4 ,by ,,moritz ,,bus*4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man by ,,william ,,beatty-,,k+/on1 ,au?or ( ,william ,i41 ,g]man ,emp]or1 ,! ,battle ( ,b]l91 c4 #b vols4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ahs4 ,,cambridge4--,,memorials ,,( ,,cambridge4 ,greatly ,enl>g$ & p>tly ,rewritt5 7#ahea-ff74 ,by ,,*>les ,,h5ry ,,coop]1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,) ,sev5ty-f\r ,views ( ! ,colleges1 ,*ur*es1 & o!r ,public ,build+s ( ! ,univ]sity & ,t[n1 engrav$ on /eel by ,j4 ,,le ,,keux1 toge!r ) ab\t ,=ty-five ( ^? engrav$ on ,copp] by ,,/or]1 & a few ,li?ographs1 ) ,tw5ty additional ,et*+s on ,copp] by ,,rob]t ,,f>r54 #hvo4 #c vols4 #c #cs4 ,also a ,l>ge ,pap] ,edition4 ,! ,engrav+s & ,et*+s4 ,pro(s on ,india ,pap]4 #c vols4 #dto4 half-morocco1 #aj #ajs4 ,fifty copies ( ! ,et*+s1 by ,r4 ,,f>r51 f ! ,memorials ( ,cambridge1 pro(s sign$ 9 portfolio4 #c #cs4 ,,cam]on4--,,our ,,future ,,highway4 ,by ,v4 ,,lovett ,,cam]on1 ,c4,b41 ,comm&]1 ,r4,n4 ,) ,illu/rations4 #b vols4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bas4 ,,campbell4--,,log-,,lett]s ,,f ,,! ,,*all5g]4 ,by ,,"l ,,george ,,campbell4 ,) ,map4 ,fif? & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,campbell4--,,my ,,circul> ,,notes2 ,extracts f ,j\rnals2 ,lett]s s5t ,home2 ,geological & o!r ,notes1 writt5 :ile ,travell+ ,we/w>ds r\nd ! ,_w1 f ,july #f?1 #ahgd1 to ,july #f?1 #ahge4 ,by ,j4,f4 ,,campbell1 ,au?or ( ,fro/ & ,fire4 ,*eap] ,issue4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,campbell4--,,turks ,,& ,,greeks4 ,notes ( a rec5t ,excursion4 ,by ! ,hon4 ,,dudley ,,campbell1 ,m4,a4 ,) ,col\r$ ,map4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,c>p5t]4--,,! ,,life ,,& ,,"w ,,( ,,m>y ,,c>p5t]4 ,by ,j4 ,,e/l9 ,,c>p5t]1 ,m4,a4 ,) ,/eel ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 7,biographical ,s]ies47 ,,c>r 7,j4 ,,comyns ,,c>r74--,,pap]s ,,on ,,art4 ,by ,j4 ,,comyns ,,c>r4 ,extra ,cr[n #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,c>/>es4--,,william ,,c>/>es3 a ,"* & ,c>e] ( ! ,revolution>y ,epo* 7#afdi-agae74 ,by ,,rob]t ,,/ory1 ,m9i/] ( ,rosnea?4 #hvo4 #abs4 ,,cassel4--,,manual ,,( ,,jewi% ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,lit]ature2 prec$$ by a ,brief ,summ>y ( ,bible ,hi/ory1 by ,dr4 ,d4 ,,cassel4 ,translat$ by ,mrs4 ,,h5ry ,,lucas4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,caucasus1 ,,notes ,,on ,,!4 ,by ,,w&]]4 #hvo4 #is4 ,,*all5g]4--,,report ,,on ,,! ,,sci5tific ,,results ,,( ,,! ,,voyage ,,( ,h4,m4,s4 ,,*all5g]1 ,,dur+ ,,! ,,ye>s #ahgc-gf4 ,"u ! comm& ( ,capta9 ,sir ,,george ,,n>es1 ,r4,n41 ,f4,r4,s41 & ,capta9 ,,frank ,,turle ,,?omson1 ,r4,n4 ,prep>$ "u ! ,sup]9t5d5ce ( ,sir ,c4 ,,wyville ,,?omson1 ,knt41 ,f4,r4,s41 c41 & n[ ( ,,john ,,murray1 ,f4,r4,s4,e41 "o ( ! ,naturali/s ( ! ,exp$ition4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,publi%$ by ord] ( ,h] ,maje/y's ,gov]nm5t4 ,volume ,i4 ,zoology4 ,royal1 #cgs4 #f;d4 ,or ,"p ,i4 ,report on ! ,bra*iopoda1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,ii4 ,report on ! ,p5natulida1 #ds4 ,,iii4 ,report on ! ,o/racoda1 #aes4 ,,iv4 ,report on ! ,bones ( ,cetacea1 #bs4 ,v4 ,! ,developm5t ( ! ,gre5 ,turtle1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,vi4 ,report on ! ,%ore ,fi%es1 #ajs4 ,volume ,,ii4 ,zoology4 #ejs4 ,or ,"p ,,vii4 ,report on ! ,corals1 #aes4 ,,viii4 ,report on ! ,birds1 #ces4 ,volume ,,iii4 ,zoology4 #ejs4 ,or ,"p ,,ix4 ,report on ! ,e*9oidea1 #cfs4 ,x4 ,report on ! ,pycnogonida1 #ads4 ,volume ,,iv4 ,zoology4 #ejs4 ,or ,"p ,,xi4 ,report on ! ,anatomy ( ! ,tub9>es1 #fs4 ,,xii4 ,report on ! ,deep-sea ,m$us1 #bjs4 ,,xiii4 ,report on ! ,hold?urioidea 7,"p ,i471 #bds4 ,volume ,v4 ,zoology4 #ejs4 ,or ,"p ,,xiv4 ,report on ! ,ophiuroidea4 ,,xv4 ,"s po9ts 9 ! ,anatomy ( ! ,?ylas9e1 ,cuscus & ,phascogale1 ) an acc\nt ( ! ,comp>ative ,anatomy ( ! ,intr9sic ,muscles & ,n]ves ( ! ,mammalian ,pes4 ,volume ,,vi4 ,zoology4 #cjs4 ,or ,"p ,,xvi4 ,report on ! ,act9i>ia1 #abs4 ,,xvii4 ,report on ! ,tunicata1 #cjs4 ,volume ,,vii4 ,zoology4 #cjs4 ,or ,"p ,,xviii4 ,report on ! ,anatomy ( ! ,sph5iscid1 #acs4 #f;d4 ,,xix4 ,report on ! ,pelagic ,hemipt]a1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,xx4 ,report on ! ,hydroida 7fir/ "p74 ,plumul>id1 #is4 ,,xxi4 ,report on ! ,specim5s ( ! ,g5us ,orbitolites1 #ds4 ,volume ,,viii4 ,zoology4 #djs4 ,or ,"p ,,xxiii4 ,report on ! ,copepoda1 #bds4 ,,xxiv4 ,reports on ! ,calc>ea1 #fs4 ,,xxv4 ,report on ! ,c]rip$ia1 ,sy/ematic ,"p1 #ajs4 ,,physics ,,& ,,*emi/ry4 ,volume ,i4 #bas4 ,or ,"p ,i4 ,report on ,composition ( ,ocean ,wat]1 #is4 #f;d4 ,,ii4 ,report on ,specific ,gravity ( ,ocean ,wat]1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,iii4 ,report on ! ,temp]ature ( ,ocean ,wat]1 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,n>rative4 ,volume ,,ii4 ,royal4 #cjs4 ,or ,magnetical & ,meteorological ,obs]vations4 #bes4 ,app5dix ,a4 ,report on ! ,pressure ,errors ( ! ,*all5g] ,!rmomet]s1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,app5dix ,b4 ,report on ! ,petrology ( ,/4 ,paul's ,rocks4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,*att]ton3 ,a ,,biographical ,,/udy4 ,by ,,daniel ,,wilson1 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,hi/ory & ,engli% ,lit]ature 9 ,univ]sity ,college1 ,toronto ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 #f;d4 ,,*att]ton3 ,a ,,/ory ,,( ,,! ,,ye> #aggj4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,masson1 ,,ll4,d4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,,cic]o4--,,! ,,life ,,& ,,lett]s ,,( ,,m>cus ,,tullius ,,cic]o3 be+ a ,new ,translation ( ! ,lett]s includ$ 9 ,mr4 ,watson's ,selection4 ,) ,hi/orical & ,critical ,notes1 by ,rev4 ,g4,e4 ,,jeans1 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,h]t=d ,college1 ,ox=d1 ,assi/ant-,ma/] 9 ,haileybury ,college1 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,cl>k4--,,memorials ,,f ,,j\rnals ,,& ,,lett]s ,,( ,,samuel ,,cl>k1 ,m4,a41 =m]ly ,pr9cipal ( ! ,national ,society's ,tra9+ ,college1 ,batt]sea4 ,edit$ ) ,introduction by 8 ,,wife4 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,classical ,,writ]s4--,edit$ by ,,john ,,ri*>d ,,gre54 ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,price #as4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,,euripides4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,mahaffy4 ,,milton4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,/op=d ,a4 ,,brooke4 ,,livy4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4,w4 ,,capes1 ,m4,a4 ,,v]gil4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,nettle%ip1 ,m4,a4 ,,sophocles4 ,by ,pr(essor ,l4 ,,campbell1 ,m4,a4 ,,demo/h5es4 ,by ,pr(essor ,s4,h4 ,but*]1 ,m4,a4 ,,tacitus4 ,by ,rev4 ,a4,j4 ,,*ur*1 ,m4,a41 & ,w4,j4 ,,brodribb1 ,m4,a4 ,o!r ,volumes to foll[4 ,,clif=d 7,w4,k47--,,lectures ,,& ,,essays4 ,edit$ by ,,leslie ,,/eph5 & ,,fr$]ick ,,pollock1 ) ,introduction by ,f4 ,,pollock4 ,two ,portraits4 #b vols4 #hvo4 #bes4 ,,combe4--,,! ,,life ,,( ,,george ,,combe1 ,au?or ( ,! ,con/itution ( ,man4 ,by ,,*>les ,,gibbon4 ,) ,?ree ,portraits engrav$ by ,,je5s4 ,two ,vols4 #hvo4 #cbs4 ,,coop]4--,,a!n ,,cantabrigi5ses4 ,by ,,*>les ,,h5ry ,,coop]1 ,f4,s4,a41 & ,,?ompson ,,coop]1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,vol4 ,i4 #hvo41 #aejj-aehe1 #ahs42 ,vol4 ,,ii41 #aehf-afji1 #ahs4 ,,cornwall1 ,,an ,,uns5tim5tal ,,j\rney ,,?r\gh4 ,by ! ,au?or ( ,john ,halifax1 ,g5tleman4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations by ,c4 ,,napi] ,,hemy4 ,m$ium #dto4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,,c\es4--,,nor? ,,am]ican ,,birds1 ,,key ,,to4 ,conta9+ a ,concise ,acc\nt ( e ,species ( ,liv+ & ,fossil ,bird at pres5t kn[n f ! ,cont95t nor? ( ! ,mexican & ,unit$ ,/ates ,b\nd>y1 inclusive ( ,gre5l&4 ,second ,edition1 revis$ to date1 & entirely rewritt54 ,) :i* are incorporat$ ,,g5]al ,,orni?ology1 an ,outl9e ( ! ,/ructure & ,classification ( ,birds2 & ,,field ,,orni?ology1 a ,manual ( ,collect+1 ,prep>+1 & ,pres]v+ ,birds4 ,by ,,elliott ,,c\es1 ,m4,a41 ,m4,d41 ,ph4,d41 ,memb] ( ! ,national ,academy ( ,sci5ce1 c4 c4 ,pr(usely ,illu/rat$4 ,demy #hvo4 #b #bs4 ,,cox 7,g4,v47--,,recollections ,,( ,,ox=d4 ,by ,g4,v4 ,,cox1 ,m4,a41 ,new ,college1 late ,esquire ,b$el & ,coron] 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d4 ,*eap] ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,cunynghame 7,,sir ,a4,t47--,,my ,,comm& ,,9 ,,s\? ,,africa1 #ahgd-ahgh4 ,compris+ ,exp]i5ces ( ,travel 9 ! ,colonies ( ,s\? ,africa & ! ,indep5d5t ,/ates4 ,by ,sir ,,ar?ur ,,?url[ ,,cunynghame1 ,g4,c4,b41 !n ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor & ,comm&] ( ! ,=ces 9 ,s\? ,africa4 ,?ird ,edition4 #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,,daily ,,news4--,,! ,,daily ,,news' ,,correspond5ce ( ! ,w> betwe5 ,russia & ,turkey1 to ! fall ( ,k>s4 ,includ+ ! lett]s ( ,mr4 ,ar*ibald ,=bes1 ,mr4 ,j4,e4 ,mc,gahan1 & o!r ,special ,correspond5ts 9 ,europe & ,asia4 ,second ,edition1 ,enl>g$4 ,*eap] ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,f ,,! ,,fall ,,( ,,k>s ,,to ,,! ,,conclusion ,,( ,,peace4 ,*eap] ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,d>w94--,,*>les ,,d>w93 ,,memorial ,,notices ,,repr9t$ ,,f ,,nature4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,huxley1 ,f4,r4,s42 ,g4,j4 ,,romanes1 ,f4,r4,s42 ,,ar*ibald ,,geikie1 ,f4,r4,s2 & ,w4,t4 ,,?iselton ,,dy]1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,) a ,portrait engrav$ by ,c4,h4 ,,je5s4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,nature ,s]ies4 ,,davidson4--,,! ,,life ,,( ,a ,,scotti% ,,probation]2 be+ a ,memoir ( ,?omas ,davidson1 ) 8 ,poems & ,lett]s4 ,by ,,james ,,br[n1 ,m9i/] ( ,/4 ,james's ,/reet ,*ur*1 ,paisley4 ,second ,edition1 revis$ & enl>g$1 ) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,dawson4--,,au/ralian ,,aborig9es4 ,! ,language & ,cu/oms ( ,sev]al ,tribes ( ,aborig9es 9 ! ,we/]n ,di/rict ( ,victoria1 ,au/ralia4 ,by ,,james ,,dawson4 ,small #dto4 #ads4 ,,deak4--,,francis ,,deak1 ,,hung>ian ,,/atesman3 ,a ,memoir4 ,) a ,preface1 by ! ,"r ,hon4 ,m4,e4 ,,grant ,,duff1 ,m4,p4 ,) ,portrait4 #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,,deas4--,,! ,,riv] ,,clyde4 ,an ,hi/orical ,description ( ! ,rise & ,progress ( ! ,h>b\r ( ,glasg[1 & ( ! ,improvem5t ( ! ,riv] f ,glasg[ to ,port ,glasg[4 ,by ,j4 ,,deas1 ,m4 ,in/4 ,c4,e4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,delane4--,,life ,,& ,,lett]s ,,( ,,john ,t4 ,,delane1 late ,editor ( ! ,times4 ,by ,sir ,,george ,w4 ,,das5t1 ,d4,c4,l4 #hvo4 ,9 ! ,press4 ,,d5ison4--,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,cavalry ,,f ,,! ,,e>lie/ ,,times4 ,) ,lessons = ! ,future4 ,by ,lieut4-,colonel ,,george ,,d5ison1 ,comm&+ ! ,gov]nor-,g5]al's ,body ,gu>d1 ,canada1 ,au?or ( ,mod]n ,cavalry4 ,) ,maps & ,plans4 #hvo4 #ahs4 ,,dick5s',s ,,diction>y ,,( ,,p>is1 #ahhe4--7;,f\r? ,ye>47 ,an ,unconv5tional ,h&book4 ,) ,maps1 ,plans4 c4 #ahmo4 ,pap] ,cov]1 #as4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,dick5s',s ,,diction>y ,,( ,,london1 #ahhd4--7,six? ,ye>47 ,an ,unconv5tional ,h&book4 ,) ,maps1 ,plans1 c4 #ahmo4 ,pap] ,cov]1 #as4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,dick5s',s ,,diction>y ,,( ,,! ,,?ames1 #ahhe4--;,an ,unconv5tional ,h&book4 ,) ,maps1 ,plans1 c4 ,pap] ,cov]1 #as4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,dick5s',s ,,diction>y ,,( ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,ox=d4 #ahmo4 pap] cov]1 #as4 ,,dick5s',s ,,diction>y ,,( ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,cambridge4 #ahmo4 pap] cov]1 #as4 ,,dick5s',s ,,diction>y ,,( ,,! ,,univ]sities ,,( ,,ox=d ,,& ,,cambridge4 #ahmo4 clo?4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,dick5s',s ,,cont95tal ,a4,b4,c4 ,,railway ,,guide4 ,publi%$ on ! #a/ ( ea* ,mon?4 #ahmo4 #as4 ,,dilke4--,,great] ,,brita94 ,a ,record ( ,travel 9 ,engli%-speak+ ,c\ntries dur+ #ahfe-fg4 7,am]ica1 ,au/ralia1 ,india47 ,by ! ,"r ,hon4 ,sir ,,*>les ,,w5twor? ,,dilke1 ,m4,p4 ,six? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,dilettanti ,,society',s ,,publications4 ,,iona1 ,,antiquities ,,(4 ,vols4 ,i4 ,,ii4 & ,,iii4 #b #bs4 ea*1 or #e #es4 ! set4 ,,p5rose4--,,an ,,inve/igation ,,( ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,a!nian ,,ar*itecture2 or1 ,! ,results ( a rec5t ,survey conduct$ *iefly ) ref]5ce to ! ,optical ref9em5ts exhibit$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! ,anci5t ,build+s at ,a!ns4 ,by ,,francis ,,cranm] ,,p5rose1 ,ar*t41 ,m4,a41 c4 ,illu/rat$ by num]\s ,engrav+s4 #g #gs4 ,,specim5s ,,( ,,anci5t ,,sculpture2 ,egyptian1 ,etruscan1 ,greek1 & ,roman4 ,select$ f diff]5t ,collections 9 ,great ,brita9 by ! ,society ( ,dilettanti4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 #e #es4 ,,antiquities ,,( ,,ionia4 ,"p ,,iv4 ,folio1 half-morocco4 #c #acs4 #f;d4 ,,dolet4--,,eti5ne ,,dolet3 ! ,m>tyr ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,a ,biography4 ,) a ,biographical ,app5dix1 conta9+ a ,descriptive ,catalogue ( ! ,books writt51 pr9t$1 or edit$ by ,dolet4 ,by ,,ri*>d ,,copley ,,*ri/ie1 ,l9coln ,college1 ,ox=d1 ,*ancellor ( ! ,diocese ( ,man*e/]4 ,) ,illu/rations4 #hvo4 #ahs4 ,,doyle4--,,hi/ory ,,( ,,am]ica4 ,by ,j4,a4 ,,doyle4 ,) ,maps4 #ahmo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,hi/orical ,c\rse4 ,,drummond ,,( ,,haw?ornd53 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,8 ,,life ,,& ,,writ+s4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,masson4 ,) ,portrait & ,vignette engrav$ by ,c4,h4 ,,je5s4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,duff4--,works by ! ,"r ,hon4 ,m4,e4 ,,grant ,,duff4 ,,notes ,,( ,,an ,,indian ,,j\rney4 ,) ,map4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,miscellanies1 ,,political ,,& ,,lit]>y4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,eadie4--,,life ,,( ,,john ,,eadie4 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 ,by ,,james ,,br[n1 ,d4,d41 ,au?or ( ,! ,life ( a ,scotti% ,probation]4 ,) ,portrait4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,egypt4--,,rec5sem5t ,g,n,,ral ,,de ,l',,egypte4 #ae ,gamad ,akh> #abii4 #c ,mai1 #ahhb4 ,direction du ,rec5sem5t m9i/re de l',intrieur4 ,tome premi]4 ,royal #dto4 #b #bs4 ,,elliott4--,,life ,,( ,,h5ry ,,v5n ,,elliott1 ( ,brighton4 ,by ,,josiah ,,bateman1 ,m4,a4 ,) ,portrait1 engrav$ by ,,je5s4 ,?ird & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,,elze4--,,essays ,,on ,,%akespe>e4 ,by ,dr4 ,,k>l ,,elze4 ,translat$ ) ! ,au?or's sanction by ,l4 ,,dora ,,s*mitz4 #hvo4 #abs4 ,,em]son4--,,! ,,collect$ ,,works ,,( ,,ralph ,,waldo ,,em]son4 7,uni=m ) ! ,ev]sley ,edition ( ,*>les ,k+sley's ,novels47 ,globe #hvo4 ,price #es4 ea* volume4 #a4 ,,miscellanies4 ,) an ,introductory ,essay by ,,john ,,morley4 #b4 ,,essays4 #c4 ,,poems4 #d4 ,,engli% ,,traits2 & ,,repres5tative ,,m54 #e4 ,,conduct ,,( ,,life2 & ,,society & ,,solitude4 #f4 ,,lett]s2 ,,& ,,social ,,aims1 c4 ,,engli% ,,illu/rat$ ,,magaz9e1 ,,!4 ,pr(usely ,illu/rat$4 ,publi%$ ,mon?ly4 ,numb] ,i41 ,octob] #ahhc4 ,price ,sixp5ce4 ,ye>ly ,volume4 #ahhc-ahhd1 consi/+ ( #gib closely-pr9t$ pages1 & conta9+ #dbh ,woodcut ,illu/rations ( v>i\s sizes4 ,b\nd 9 extra clo?1 col\r$ edges4 ,royal #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,clo? ,cov]s = b9d+ ,volumes1 #as4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,,engli% ,,illu/rat$ ,,magaz9e4 ,,pro( ,,impressions ,,( ,,engrav+s ,,orig9ally ,,publi%$ ,,9 ,,! ,,engli% ,,illu/rat$ ,,magaz9e1 #ahhd4 ,9 ,portfolio4 #dto4 #bas4 ,,engli% ,,m5 ,,( ,,lett]s4--,edit$ by ,,john ,,morley4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,%ort ,books to tell p :at is be/ wor? kn[+ z to ! ,life1 ,"*1 & ,works ( "s ( ! great ,engli% ,writ]s4 ,9 ,cr[n #hvo4 price #bs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,i4 ,,dr4 ,,johnson4 ,by ,,leslie ,,/eph54 ,,ii4 ,,sir ,,walt] ,,scott4 ,by ,r4,h4 ,,hutton4 ,,iii4 ,,gibbon4 ,by ,j4 ,,cott] ,,morison4 ,,iv4 ,,%elley4 ,by ,j4,a4 ,,symonds4 ,v4 ,,hume4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,huxley1 ,p4,r4,s4 ,,vi4 ,,goldsmi?4 ,by ,,william ,,black4 ,,vii4 ,,defoe4 ,by ,w4 ,,m9to4 ,,viii4 ,,burns4 ,by ,pr9cipal ,,%airp4 ,,ix4 ,,sp5s]4 ,by ! ,v ,rev4 ! ,,dean ,,( ,,/4 ,,paul',s4 ,x4 ,,?ack]ay4 ,by ,,an?ony ,,trollope4 ,,xi4 ,,burke4 ,by ,,john ,,morley4 ,,xii4 ,,milton4 ,by ,,m>k ,,pattison4 ,,xiii4 ,,haw?orne4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,james4 ,,xiv4 ,,s\!y4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,d[d54 ,,xv4 ,,bunyan4 ,by ,j4,a4 ,,fr\de4 ,,xvi4 ,,*auc]4 ,by ,pr(essor ,a4,w4 ,,w>d4 ,,xvii4 ,,c[p]4 ,by ,,goldw9 ,,smi?4 ,,xviii4 ,,pope4 ,by ,,leslie ,,/eph54 ,,xix4 ,,byron4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,ni*ol4 ,,xx4 ,,locke4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,f[l]4 ,,xxi4 ,,wordswor?4 ,by ,f4,w4,h4 ,,my]s4 ,,xxii4 ,,dryd54 ,by ,g4 ,,sa9tsbury4 ,,xxiii4 ,,l&or4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,sidney ,,colv94 ,,xxiv4 ,,de ,,qu9cey4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,masson4 ,,xxv4 ,,*>les ,,lamb4 ,by ,rev4 ,,alfr$ ,,a+]4 ,,xxvi4 ,,b5tley4 ,by ,pr(essor ,r4,c4 ,,jebb4 ,,xxvii4 ,,dick5s4 ,by ,pr(essor ,a4,w4 ,,w>d4 ,,xxviii4 ,,gray4 ,by ,,edmund ,,gosse4 ,,xxix4 ,,swift4 ,by ,,leslie ,,/eph54 ,,xxx4 ,,/]ne4 ,by ,h4,d4 ,,traill4 ,,xxxi4 ,,macaulay4 ,by ,j4 ,,cott] ,,morison4 ,,xxxii4 ,,field+4 ,by ,,au/9 ,,dobson4 ,,xxxiii4 ,,%]idan4 ,by ,mrs4 ,,oliphant4 ,,xxxiv4 ,,addison4 ,by ,w4,j4 ,,c\r?ope4 ,,xxxv4 ,,bacon4 ,by ! ,v ,rev4 ! ,,dean ,,( ,,/4 ,,paul',s4 ,,xxxvi4 ,,col]idge4 ,by ,h4,d4 ,,traill4 ,9 ,prep>ation3-- ,,adam ,,smi?4 ,by ,,leon>d ,h4 ,,c\rtney1 ,m4,p4 ,,b]keley4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,huxley4 ,,sir ,,philip ,,sidney4 ,by ,j4,a4 ,,symonds4 ,o!r ,volumes to foll[4 ,,engli% ,,poets3 ,,selections1 ) ,critical ,introductions by v>i\s ,writ]s1 & a ,g5]al ,introduction by ,,mat!w ,,arnold1 ,edit$ by ,t4,h4 ,,w>d1 ,m4,a41 late ,fell[ ( ,bras5ose ,college1 ,ox=d4 #d vols4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,,*auc] to ,,donne4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,,b5 ,,jonson to ,,dryd54 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,,addison to ,,blake4 ,vol4 ,,iv4 ,,wordswor? to ,,rossetti4 ,,engli% ,,/atesm54--,"u ! above title ,messrs4 ,,macmillan & ,,co4 beg to ann\nce a s]ies ( %ort biographies1 n design$ to be a complete roll ( fam\s /atesm51 b to pres5t 9 hi/oric ord] ! lives & "w ( ^? lead+ actors 9 our affairs :o by _! direct influ5ce h left an abid+ m>k on ! policy1 ! in/itutions1 & ! position ( ,great ,brita9 among /ates4 ,! foll[+ li/ ( subjects is ! result ( c>eful selection4 ,! great movem5ts ( national hi/ory are made to foll[ "o ano!r 9 a connect$ c\rse1 & ! s]ies is int5d$ to =m a cont9u\s n>rative ( ,engli% fre$om1 ord]1 & p[]4 ,,william ,,! ,,conqu]or4 ,,h5ry ,,ii4 ,,edw>d ,i4 ,,h5ry ,,vii4 ,,wolsey4 ,,elizabe?4 ,,oliv] ,,cromwell4 ,,william ,,iii4 ,,walpole4 ,,*a?am4 ,,pitt4 ,,peel4 ,among ! writ]s w be3-- ,,mr4 ,,edw>d ,a4 ,,freeman1 ,,mr4 ,,fr$]ick ,,pollock1 ,,mr4 ,j4 ,,cott] ,,morison1 ,,pr(4 ,m4 ,,creighton1 ,,! ,,dean ,,( ,,/4 ,,paul',s1 ,,mr4 ,,fr$]ic ,,h>rison1 ,,mr4 ,h4,d4 ,,traill1 ,,mr4 ,,leslie ,,/eph51 ,,& ,,mr4 ,,john ,,morley4 ,,eton ,,college1 ,,hi/ory ,,(4 ,by ,h4,c4 ,,maxwell ,,lyte1 ,m4,a4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations by ,pr(essor ,,delamotte4 ,col\r$ ,plates1 & a ,/eel ,portrait ( ! ,f\nd]1 engrav$ by ,c4,h4 ,,je5s4 ,new & ,*eap] ,issue1 ) ,corrections4 ,m$ium #hvo4 ,clo? elegant4 #bas4 ,,european ,,hi/ory1 ,n>rat$ 9 a ,s]ies ( ,hi/orical ,selections f ! be/ ,au?orities4 ,edit$ & arrang$ by ,e4,m4 ,,sewell1 & ,c4,m4 ,,yonge4 ,fir/ ,s]ies1 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs42 ,second ,s]ies1 #ajhh-abbh4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,f>aday4--,,mi*ael ,,f>aday4 ,by ,j4,h4 ,,glad/one1 ,ph4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,new ,edition1 ) ,portrait engrav$ by ,,je5s f a photograph by ,j4 ,,watk9s4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,portrait4 ,arti/'s ,pro(4 #es4 ,,f5ton4--,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,tasmania4 ,f its ,discov]y 9 #afdb to ! ,pres5t ,"t4 ,by ,,james ,,f5ton4 ,) ,map ( ! ,isl&1 & ,portraits ( ,aborig9es 9 ,*romo-li?ography4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,fiske4--,,excursions ,,( ,,an ,,evolutioni/4 ,by ,,john ,,fiske1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,b41 =m]ly ,lectur] on ,philosophy at ,h>v>d ,univ]sity4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,fison ,,& ,,h[itt4--,,kamil>oi ,,& ,,kurnai ,,gr\p4 ,m>riage & ,relation%ip1 & ,m>riage by ,elopem5t1 drawn *iefly f ! usage ( ! ,au/ralian ,aborig9es4 ,also ,,! ,,kurnai ,,tribe1 _! ,cu/oms 9 ,peace & ,w>4 ,by ,,lorim] ,,fison1 ,m4,a41 & ,a4,w4 ,,h[itt1 ,f4,g4,s41 ) an ,introduction by ,,lewis ,h4 ,,morgan1 ,,ll4,d41 ,au?or ( ,sy/em ( ,consangu9ity1 ,anci5t ,society1 c4 ,demy #hvo4 #aes4 ,,=bes4--,,life ,,& ,,lett]s ,,( ,,james ,,david ,,=bes1 ,f4,r4,s41 late ,pr9cipal ( ! ,unit$ ,college 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,/4 ,&rews4 ,by ,j4,c4 ,,%airp1 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr9cipal ( ! ,unit$ ,college 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,/4 ,&rews2 ,p4,g4 ,,tait1 ,m4,a41 ,pr(essor ( ,natural ,philosophy 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh2 & ,a4 ,,adams-,,reilly1 ,f4,r4,g4,s4 ,) ,portraits1 ,map1 & ,illu/rations4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,framji4--,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,p>sis3 ,includ+ _! ,mann]s1 ,cu/oms1 ,religion1 & ,pres5t ,position4 ,by ,,dosabhai ,,framji ,,k>aka1 ,presid5cy ,magi/rate & ,*airman ( ,h] ,maje/y's ,b5* ( ,ju/ices1 ,bombay1 ,fell[ ( ! ,bombay ,univ]sity1 ,memb] ,bombay ,bran* ( ! ,royal ,asiatic ,society1 c4 #b vols4 ,m$ium #hvo4 ,) ,illu/rations4 #cfs4 ,,francis ,,( ,,assisi4 ,by ,mrs4 ,,oliphant4 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 7,biographical ,s]ies47 ,,freeman4--,works by ,,edw>d ,a4 ,,freeman1 ,d4,c4,l41 ,,ll4,d41 ,regius ,pr(essor ( ,mod]n ,hi/ory 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d3-- ,,! ,,(fice ,,( ,,! ,,hi/orical ,,pr(essor4 ,an ,inaugural ,lecture1 read 9 ! ,museum at ,ox=d1 ,octob] #ae1 #ahhd4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,,! ,,gr[? ,,( ,,! ,,engli% ,,con/itution ,,f ,,! ,,e>lie/ ,,times4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,,hi/orical ,,essays4 ,?ird ,edition4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,cont5ts3--,i4 ,! ,my?ical & ,romantic ,elem5ts 9 ,e>ly ,engli% ,hi/ory2 ,,ii4 ,! ,cont9uity ( ,engli% ,hi/ory2 ,,iii4 ,! ,relations betwe5 ! ,cr[ns ( ,engl& & ,scotl&2 ,,iv4 ,/4 ,?omas ( ,cant]bury & 8 ,biograph]s2 ,v4 ,! ,reign ( ,edw>d ! ,?ird2 ,,vi4 ,! ,holy ,roman ,empire2 ,,vii4 ,! ,franks & ! ,gauls2 ,,viii4 ,! ,e>ly ,sieges ( ,p>is2 ,,ix4 ,fr$]ick ! ,fir/1 ,k+ ( ,italy2 ,x4 ,! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick ! ,second2 ,,xi4 ,*>les ! ,bold2 ,,xii4 ,presid5tial ,gov]nm5t4 ,,hi/orical ,,essays4 ,second ,s]ies4 ,second ,edition1 ,enl>g$4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,! pr9cipal ,essays are3--,anci5t ,greece & ,m$ival ,italy3 ,mr4 ,glad/one's ,hom] & ! ,hom]ic ,ages3 ,! ,hi/orians ( ,a!ns3 ,! ,a!nian ,democracy3 ,alex&] ! ,great3 ,greece dur+ ! ,mac$onian ,p]iod3 ,momms5's ,hi/ory ( ,rome3 ,lucius ,cornelius ,sulla3 ,! ,flavian ,cs>s4 ,,hi/orical ,,essays4 ,?ird ,s]ies4 #hvo4 #abs4 ,,cont5ts3--,fir/ ,impressions ( ,rome4 ,! ,illyrian ,emp]ors & _! ,l&4 ,augu/a ,trev]orum4 ,! ,go?s ( ,rav5na4 ,race & ,language4 ,! ,byzant9e ,empire4 ,fir/ ,impressions ( ,a!ns4 ,m$ival & ,mod]n ,greece4 ,! ,s\!rn ,slaves4 ,sicilian ,cycles4 ,! ,normans at ,pal]mo4 ,,comp>ative ,,politics4--,lectures at ! ,royal ,in/itution4 ,to :i* is add$ ! ,unity ( ,hi/ory1 ! ,r$e ,lecture at ,cambridge1 #ahgb4 #hvo4 #ads4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,conque/s ,,( ,,! ,,s>ac5s4 ,six ,lectures4 ,?ird ,edition1 ) ,new ,preface4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,hi/orical ,,& ,,ar*itectural ,,sket*es3 *iefly ,italian4 ,) ,illu/rations by ! ,au?or4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,subject ,,& ,,neighb\r ,,l&s ,,( ,,v5ice4 ,be+ a ,companion ,volume to ,hi/orical & ,ar*itectural ,sket*es4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,engli% ,,t[ns ,,& ,,di/ricts4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,addresses & ,essays4 ,) ,illu/rations & ,map4 #hvo4 #ads4 ,,old ,,engli% ,,hi/ory4 ,) ,five ,col\r$ ,maps4 ,new ,edition4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,ca!dral ,,*ur* ,,( ,,wells1 z illu/rat+ ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,ca!dral ,*ur*es ( ! ,old ,f\ndation4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,g5]al ,,sket* ,,( ,,european ,,hi/ory4 ,be+ ,vol4 ,i4 ( a ,hi/orical ,c\rse = ,s*ools1 edit$ by ,e4,a4 ,,freeman4 ,new ,edition1 enl>g$ ) ,maps1 ,*ronological ,table1 ,index1 c4 #ahmo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,dise/abli%m5t ,,& ,,dis5d[m5t4 ,,:at ,,are ,,!y8 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 ,,geikie4--,,geological ,,sket*es ,,at ,,home ,,& ,,abroad4 ,by ,,ar*ibald ,,geikie1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,r4,s41 ,director ,g5]al ( ! ,geological ,surveys ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,) illu/rations4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,galton4--,works by ,,francis ,,galton1 ,f4,r4,s43 ,,meteorographica3 or1 ,me?ods ( ,mapp+ ! ,wea!r4 ,illu/rat$ by upw>ds ( #fjj ,pr9t$ & ,li?ograph$ ,diagrams4 #dto4 #is4 ,,h]$it>y ,,g5ius3 ,an ,inquiry into its ,laws & ,consequ5ces4 #hvo4 #abs4 ,,engli% ,,m5 ,,( ,,sci5ce3 ,_! ,nature & ,nurture4 #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,inquiries ,,into ,,human ,,faculty ,,& ,,its ,,developm5t4 ,) ,illu/rations & ,col\r$ & ,pla9 ,plates4 ,demy #hvo4 #afs4 ,,record ,,( ,,family ,,faculties4 ,consi/+ ( ,tabul> ,=ms & ,directions = ,ent]+ ,data1 ) an ,explanatory ,preface4 #dto4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,life ,,hi/ory ,,album2 ,be+ a ,p]sonal ,note-book1 comb9+ ! *ief advantages ( a ,di>y1 ,photograph ,album1 a ,regi/] ( ,height1 ,weight1 & o!r ,an?ropometrical ,obs]vations1 & a ,record ( ,illnesses4 ,conta9+ ,tabul> ,=ms1 ,*>ts1 & ,explanations especially design$ = popul> use4 ,prep>$ by ! direction ( ! ,collective ,inve/igation ,committee ( ! ,briti% ,m$ical ,association1 & ,edit$ by ,,francis ,,galton1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,*airman ( ! ,life ,hi/ory ,sub-,committee4 #dto4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,or1 ) ,c>ds ( ,wools = ,te/+ ,col\r ,vision4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,g>dn]4--,,samos ,,& ,,samian ,,co9s4 ,by ,,p]cy ,,g>dn]1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,briti% ,museum1 ,disnay ,pr(essor ( ,ar*ology 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 & ,hon4 ,=eign ,secret>y ( ! ,numismatic ,society4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,g$des4--,,! ,,problem ,,( ,,! ,,hom]ic ,,poems4 ,by ,w4,d4 ,,g$des1 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,greek 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ab]de54 #hvo4 #ads4 ,,glad/one4--,,hom]ic ,,syn*ronism4 ,an inquiry into ! ,"t & ,place ( ,hom]4 ,by ! ,"r ,hon4 ,w4,e4 ,,glad/one1 ,m4,p4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,goe! ,,& ,,m5delssohn 7#ahba-ahca74 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man ( ,,dr4 ,,k>l ,,m5delssohn1 ,son ( ! ,compos]1 by ,m4,e4 ,,von ,,glehn4 ,f ! ,private ,di>ies & ,home ,lett]s ( ,m5delssohn1 ) ,poems & ,lett]s ( ,goe! nev] be=e pr9t$4 ,also ) two ,new & ,orig9al ,portraits1 ,fac-similes1 & ,app5dix ( ,tw5ty ,lett]s hi!rto unpubli%$4 ,second ,edition1 enl>g$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,,goe!4--,a ,,life ,,( ,,goe!4 ,by ,,he9ri* ,d,,ntz]4 ,translat$ by ,t4,w4 ,,ly/]1 ,assi/ant ,libr>ian1 ,national ,libr>y ( ,irel&4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,two vols4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bas4 ,,goldsmid4--,,telegraph ,,& ,,travel4 ,a ,n>rative ( ! ,=mation & ,developm5t ( ,telegraphic ,communication betwe5 ,engl& & ,india1 "u ! ord]s ( ,h] ,maje/y's ,gov]nm5t1 ) incid5tal ,notices ( ! ,c\ntries trav]s$ by ! ,l9es4 ,by ,colonel ,,sir ,,fr$]ick ,,goldsmid1 ,c4,b41 ,k4,c4,s4,i41 late ,director ( ! ,gov]nm5t ,indo-,european ,telegraph4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations & ,maps4 #hvo4 #bas4 ,,gordon4--,,la/ ,,lett]s ,,f ,,egypt1 to :i* are add$ ,lett]s f ! ,cape4 ,by ,,lady ,,duff ,,gordon4 ,) a ,memoir by h] ,daught]1 ,mrs4 ,,ross1 & ,portrait engrav$ by ,,je5s4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #is4 ,,gordon 7,,*>les ,,george74 ,a ,,sket*4 ,by ,,reg9ald ,h4 ,,b>nes1 ,vic> ( ,heavitree1 & ,,*>les ,e4 ,,br[n1 ,major ,r4,a4 ,) ,facsimile ,lett]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 ,,gordon4--,,reflections ,,9 ,,pale/9e1 #ahhc4 ,by ,,*>les ,,george ,,gordon4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,great ,,*ri/ians ,,( ,,france3 ,,/4 ,,l\is & ,,calv94 ,by ,m4 ,,guizot1 ,memb] ( ! ,in/itute ( ,france4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 7,biographical ,s]ies47 ,,gre54--,works by ,,john ,,ri*>d ,,gre51 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d43-- ,,! ,,mak+ ,,( ,,engl&4 ,) ,maps4 ,demy #hvo4 #afs4 ,,! ,,conque/ ,,( ,,engl&4 ,) ,maps4 ,demy #hvo4 #ahs4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,engli% ,,p4 ,vol4 ,i4--,e>ly ,engl&--,=eign ,k+s--,! ,*>t]--,! ,p>liam5t4 ,) #h ,col\r$ ,maps4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,vol4 ,,ii4--,! ,mon>*y1 #adfa-aedj2 ,! ,re/oration1 #aedj-afjc4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,vol4 ,,iii4--,puritan ,engl&1 #afjc-affj2 ,! ,revolution1 #affj-afhh4 ,) #d ,maps4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,vol4 ,,iv4--,! ,revolution1 #afhc-agfj2 ,mod]n ,engl&1 #agfj-ahae4 ,) ,maps & ,index4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,a ,,%ort ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,engli% ,,p4 ,) ,col\r$ ,maps1 ,g5ealogical ,tables1 & ,*ronological ,annals4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4 #ajh? ,?\s&4 ,,/ray ,,/udies ,,f ,,engl& ,,& ,,italy4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,conta9+3 ,lambe? & ! ,ar*bi%ops--,! ,flor5ce ( ,dante--,v5ice & ,rome--,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ,ox=d--,! ,di/rict ,visitor--,capri--,hotels 9 ! ,cl\ds--,sket*es 9 ,sun%9e1 c4 ,,read+s ,,f ,,engli% ,,hi/ory4 ,select$ & ,edit$ by ,,john ,,ri*>d ,,gre54 ,9 ,?ree ,p>ts4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,"p ,i4--,f ,h5ge/ to ,cressy4 ,"p ,,ii4--,f ,cressy to ,cromwell4 ,"p ,,iii4--,f ,cromwell to ,balaklava4 ,,gre5 7,w4,s47--,,! ,,high ,,alps ,,( ,,new ,,zeal&3 or1 a ,trip to ! ,glaci]s ( ! ,antipodes1 ) an ,asc5t ( ,m\nt ,cook4 ,by ,,william ,,spotswood ,,gre51 ,m4,a41 ,memb] ( ! ,engli% ,alp9e ,club4 ,) ,maps4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,grove4--,a ,,diction>y ,,( ,,music ,,& ,,musicians 7,a4,d4 #adej-ahhd74 ,by ,em95t ,writ]s1 ,engli% & ,=eign4 ,) ,illu/rations & ,woodcuts4 ,edit$ by ,sir ,,george ,,grove1 ,d4,c4,l41 ,director ( ! ,royal ,college ( ,music4 #hvo4 ,p>ts ,i4 to ,,xiv41 ,,xix4 & ,,xx4 #cs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,p>ts ,,xv4 & ,,xvi4 #gs4 ,p>ts ,,xvii4 & ,,xviii4 #gs4 ,vols4 ,i41 ,,ii41 & ,,iii4 #hvo4 #bas4 ea*4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,a to ,impromptu4--,vol4 ,,ii4 ,improp]ia to ,pla9 ,song4--,vol4 ,,iii4 ,plan* to ,sum] is ,icum5 ,94 ,clo? cases = b9d+ ,vols4 ,i41 ,,ii41 & ,,iii4 #as4 ea*4 ,,gue/4--,,lectures ,,on ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,engl&4 ,by ,m4,j4 ,,gue/4 ,) ,maps4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,gue/4--,,orig9es ,,celticae 7a ,fragm5t7 & o!r ,contributions to ! ,hi/ory ( ,brita94 ,by ,,edw9 ,,gue/1 ,,ll4,d44 ,d4,c4,l41 ,f4,r4,s41 late ,ma/] ( ,gonville & ,caius ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,) ,maps1 ,plans1 & a ,portrait engrav$ on ,/eel by ,g4,j4 ,,/od>t4 ,two vols4 ,demy #hvo4 #cbs4 ,,ham]ton4--,works by ,p4,g4 ,,ham]ton3-- ,,et*+s ,,& ,,et*]s4 ,?ird ,edition1 revis$1 ) ,=ty-eight new ,plates4 ,columbi] #hvo4 ,,! ,,intellectual ,,life4 ,) a ,portrait ( ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 et*$ by ,,leopold ,,flam5g4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,?\ghts ,,ab\t ,,art4 ,new ,edition1 revis$1 ) an ,introduction1 ,cr[n #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,h&el4--,,! ,,life ,,( ,,george ,,fr$]ick ,,h&el4 ,by ,w4,s4 ,,rock/ro1 ,au?or ( ,a ,hi/ory ( ,music = ,"y ,/ud5ts4 ,) an ,introductory ,notice by ,sir ,,george ,,grove1 ,d4,c4,l4 ,) a ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,h>p]4--,,! ,,metaphysics ,,( ,,! ,,s*ool4 ,by ,,?omas ,,h>p]1 7,s4,j47 7,9 #e vols47 ,vols4 ,i4 & ,,ii4 #hvo4 #ahs4 ea*4--,vol4 ,,iii41 ,"p ,i4 #abs4 ,,he9e4--,a ,,trip ,,to ,,! ,,brock54 ,by ,,he9ri* ,,he9e4 ,translat$ by ,r4 ,,mcl9tock4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,hell5ic ,,/udies--,,j\rnal ,,(4 #hvo4 ,p>ts ,i4 & ,,ii41 con/itut+ ,vol4 ,i4 ) #dto4 ,atlas ( ,illu/rations1 #cjs4 ,vol4 ,,ii41 ) #dto4 ,atlas ( ,illu/rations1 #cjs41 or 9 ,two ,p>ts1 #aes4 ea*4 ,vol4 ,,iii41 ,two ,p>ts1 ) #dto4 ,atlas ( ,illu/rations1 #aes4 ea*4 ,vol4 ,,iv41 ,two ,p>ts1 ) #dto4 ,atlas ( ,illu/rations1 #aes4 ea*4 ,vol4 ,v41 ,two ,p>ts1 ) ,illu/rations1 #aes4 ea*4 ,! ,j\rnal w be sold at a r$uc$ price to ,libr>ies wi%+ to subscribe1 b (ficial application mu/ 9 ea* case be made to ! ,c\ncil4 ,in=mation on ?is po9t1 & ^u ! conditions ( ,memb]%ip1 may be obta9$ on application to ! ,hon4 ,secret>y1 ,mr4 ,george ,macmillan1 #bi1 ,b$=d ,/reet1 ,cov5t ,g>d54 ,,h]odotos4--,,books ,i4 ,,to ,,iii4--,,! ,,anci5t ,,empires ,,( ,,! ,,ea/4 ,edit$1 ) ,notes1 ,introductions1 & ,app5dices1 by ,a4,h4 ,,sayce1 ,m4,a4 ,ox=d1 ,hon4 ,,ll4,d4 ,dubl92 ,deputy-,pr(essor ( ,comp>ative ,philology4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,hill4--,,! ,,record] ,,( ,,birm+ham4 ,a ,memoir ( ,mat!w ,dav5port-,hill1 ) ,selections f 8 ,correspond5ce4 ,by 8 daught]s ,,rosamond & ,,flor5ce ,,dav5port-,,hill4 ,) ,portrait engrav$ by ,c4,h4 ,,je5s4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,hill4--,,:at ,,we ,,saw ,,9 ,,au/ralia4 ,by ,,rosamond & ,,flor5ce ,,hill4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,hill 7,o47--,works by ,,octavia ,,hill ,,our ,,common ,,l&1 & o!r ,essays4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,homes ,,( ,,! ,,london ,,poor4 ,sew$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 ,,hodgson4--,,memoir ,,( ,,rev4 ,,francis ,,hodgson4 ,b4,d41 ,s*ol>1 ,poet1 & ,div9e4 ,by 8 son1 ! ,rev4 ,,james ,t4 ,,hodgson1 ,m4,a4 ,conta9+ num]\s ,lett]s f ,"l ,byron & o!rs4 ,) ,portrait engrav$ by ,,je5s4 ,two vols4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ahs4 ,,hole4--,a ,,g5ealogical ,,/emma ,,( ,,! ,,k+s ,,( ,,engl& ,,& ,,france4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,,hole1 ,m4,a41 ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,on ,%eet1 #as4 ,a ,,brief ,,biographical ,,diction>y4 ,compil$ & ,arrang$ by ! ,rev4 ,,*>les ,,hole1 ,m4,a4 ,second ,edition4 #ahmo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,hook] ,,& ,,ball4--,,morocco ,,& ,,! ,,great ,,atlas3 ,j\rnal ( a ,t\r 94 ,by ,sir ,,joseph ,d4 ,,hook]1 ,k4,c4,s4,i41 ,c4,b41 ,f4,r4,s41 c41 & ,,john ,,ball1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,) an ,app5dix1 includ+ a ,sket* ( ! ,geology ( ,morocco1 by ,g4 ,,maw1 ,f4,l4,s41 ,f4,g4,s4 ,) ,illu/rations & ,map4 #hvo4 #bas4 ,,h\se ,,( ,,lords4--,,fifty ,,ye>s ,,( ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,lords4 ,repr9t$ f ,! ,pall ,mall ,gazette4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4--,,popul> ,,edition4 #c;d4 ,,hozi] 7,h4,m47--,works by ,capta9 ,,h5ry ,m4 ,,hozi]1 late ,assi/ant ,milit>y ,secret>y to ,"l ,napi] ( ,magdala3-- ,,! ,,sev5 ,,weeks' ,,w>2 ,its ,antec$5ts & ,incid5ts4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,) ,new ,preface1 ,maps1 & ,plans4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,invasions ,,( ,,engl&3 a ,hi/ory ( ! ,pa/1 ) ,lessons = ! ,future4 ,two ,vols4 #hvo4 #bhs4 ,h,,bn]4--,a ,,ramble ,,r\nd ,,! ,,_w ,,9 #ahga4 ,by ,m4 ,,le ,,b>on ,h,,bn]1 =m]ly ,ambassador & ,m9i/]4 ,translat$ by ,,lady ,,h]b]t4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,hughes4--,works by ,,?omas ,,hughes1 ,q4,c41 ,au?or ( ,tom ,br[n's ,s*ool ,days4 ,,memoir ,,( ,a ,,bro!r4 ,) ,portrait ( ,,george ,,hughes1 aft] ,,watts1 ,engrav$ by ,,je5s4 ,six? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,,alfr$ ,,! ,,great4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,memoir ,,( ,,daniel ,,macmillan4 ,) ,portrait aft] ,,l[es ,,dick9son1 ,engrav$ by ,,je5s4 ,fif? ,?\s&4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4--,,popul> ,,edition1 #as4 ,,rugby1 ,,t5nessee4 ,be+ "s acc\nt ( ! ,settlem5t f\nd$ on ! ,cumb]l& ,plateau by ! ,bo>d ( ,aid to ,l& ,own]%ip4 ,) a report on ! ,soils ( ! ,plateau by ! ,hon4 ,f4,w4 ,,killebrew1 ,a4,m41 ,ph4,d41 ,commission] = ,agriculture = ! ,/ate ( ,t5nessee4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,gone ,,to ,,texas4 ,lett]s f ,our ,boys4 ,edit$ by ,,?omas ,,hughes4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,hunt4--,,hi/ory ,,( ,,italy4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,,hunt1 ,m4,a4 ,be+ ! ,f\r? ,volume ( ! ,hi/orical ,c\rse = ,s*ools4 ,edit$ by ,,edw>d ,a4 ,,freeman1 ,d4,c4,l4 ,new ,edition1 ) ,col\r$ ,maps4 #ahmo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,hutton4--,,essays ,,!ological ,,& ,,lit]>y4 ,by ,r4,h4 ,,hutton1 ,m4,a4 ,*eap] issue4 #b vols4 #hvo4 #ahs4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,vol4 ,i43--,! moral significance ( ,a!ism--,! ,a!i/ic ,explanation ( ,religion--,sci5ce & ,!ism--,popul> ,pan!ism--,:at is ,revelation8--,*ri/ian ,evid5ces1 ,popul> & ,critical--,! ,hi/orical ,problems ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel--,! ,inc>nation & ,pr9ciples ( ,evid5ce--,m4 ,r5an's ,*ri/--,m4 ,r5an's ,/4 ,paul--,! ,h>d ,*ur*--,romanism1 ,prote/antism1 & ,anglicanism4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,vol4 ,,ii43--,goe! & 8 ,influ5ce--,wordswor? & 8 ,g5ius--,%elley's ,poetical ,my/icism--,mr4 ,br[n+--,! ,poetry ( ! ,old ,te/am5t--,ar?ur ,hugh ,cl\gh--,! ,poetry ( ,mat!w ,arnold--,t5nyson--,na?aniel ,haw?orne4 ,,+lis 7,,james7 7,,maori74--,works by ,,james ,,+lis 7,maori73-- ,,our ,,au/ralian ,,c\s9s4 #hvo4 #ads4 ,,sport ,,& ,,"w ,,on ,,! ,,nepaul ,,fronti]2 or1 ,twelve ,ye>s' ,sport+ ,rem9isc5ces ( an ,indigo ,plant]4 ,by ,,maori4 ,) ,illu/rations4 #hvo4 #ads4 ,,ionia4--,,! ,,antiquities ,,( ,,ionia1 see "u ,dilettanti ,society's ,publications4 ,,irv+4--,,! ,,annals ,,( ,,our ,,"t4 ,a ,diurnal ( ,ev5ts1 ,social & ,political1 ,home & ,=eign1 f ! ,accession ( ,que5 ,victoria to ! ,peace ( ,v]sailles4 ,by ,,joseph ,,irv+4 ,new ,edition1 revis$4 #hvo4 half-b\nd4 #ahs4 ,,annals ,,( ,,our ,,"t4 ,supplem5t4 ,f ,feb4 #bh1 #ahga1 to ,m>* #af1 #ahgd4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,annals ,,( ,,our ,,"t4 ,second ,supplem5t4 ,f ,m>*1 #ahgd1 to ! ,occupation ( ,cyprus4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,james 7,sir ,w4,m474--,,! ,,briti% ,,9 ,,india4 ,by ! late ,"r ,hon4 ,sir ,,william ,,milb\rne ,,james1 ,"l ,ju/ice ( ,appeal4 ,edit$ by 8 ,daught]1 ,,m>y ,j4 ,,salis ,,s*wabe4 ,demy #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,,james4--,works by ,,h5ry ,,james3 ,,fr5* ,,poets ,,& ,,noveli/s4 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,cont5ts3--,alfr$ de ,musset3 ,?ophile ,gauti]2 ,baudelaire2 ,honor de ,balzac2 ,george ,s&2 ,! ,two ,ampres2 ,turgnieff1 c4 ,,portraits ,,( ,,places4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,jebb4--,,mod]n ,,greece4 ,two ,lectures deliv]$ be=e ! ,philosophical ,in/itution ( ,ed9burgh4 ,) pap]s on ,! ,progress ( ,greece1 & ,byron 9 ,greece4 ,by ,r4,c4 ,,jebb1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d4 ,ed94 ,pr(essor ( ,greek 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,glasg[4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,,johnson',s ,,lives ,,( ,,! ,,poets4--,! ,six ,*ief ,lives--,milton1 ,dryd51 ,swift1 ,addison1 ,pope1 ,gray4 ,) ,macaulay's ,life ( ,johnson4 ,edit$1 ) ,preface1 by ,,mat!w ,,arnold4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,jones4--,,! ,,life',s ,,"w ,,9 ,,irel& ,,( ,a ,,l&lord ,,:o ,,tri$ ,,to ,,d ,,8 ,,duty4 ,by ,w4 ,,b5ce ,,jones1 ( ,lisselan4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,kant4--,,! ,,life ,,( ,,immanuel ,,kant4 ,by ,j4,h4 ,,/uck5b]g1 ,d4,d41 late ,pr(essor 9 ,witt5burg ,college1 ,ohio4 ,) ,portrait4 #hvo4 #ads4 ,,kant--,,max ,m,,ll]4--,,critique ,,( ,,pure ,,reason ,,by ,,immanuel ,,kant4 ,9 commemoration ( ! ,c5t5>y ( its fir/ ,publication4 ,translat$ into ,engli% by ,f4 ,,max ,m,,ll]4 ,) an ,hi/orical ,introduction by ,,ludwig ,,noir4 #b vols4 ,demy #hvo4 #cbs4 ,,ke>y4--,,annie ,,ke>y3 a ,memoir4 ,by ,,eliza ,,ke>y4 ,) a ,portrait4 ,?ird ,?\s&4 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,kill54--,,ecclesia/ical ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,irel&1 f ! ,e>lie/ ,date to ! ,pres5t ,"t4 ,by ,w4,d4 ,,kill51 ,d4,d41 ,presid5t ( ,assembly's ,college1 ,belfa/1 & ,pr(essor ( ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory4 ,two ,vols4 #hvo4 #bes4 ,,k+sley 7,,*>les74--,works by ! ,rev4 ,,*>les ,,k+sley1 ,m4,a41 late ,rector ( ,ev]sley & ,canon ( ,we/m9/]4 7,= o!r ,works by ! same ,au?or1 see ,,!ological & ,,belles ,,lettres ,,catalogues47 ,,at ,,la/3 ,a ,,*ri/mas 9 ! ,,we/ ,,indies4 ,) ne>ly ,fifty ,illu/rations4 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,roman ,,& ,,! ,,teuton4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,lectures deliv]$ be=e ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition1 ) ,preface by ,pr(essor ,,max ,m,,ll]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,plays ,,& ,,puritans1 & o!r ,hi/orical ,essays4 ,) ,portrait ( ,sir ,,walt] ,,raleigh4 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,9 addition to ! ,essay m5tion$ 9 ! title1 ?is volume conta9s o!r two--"o on ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh & 8 ,"t1 & "o on ,fr\de's ,hi/ory ( ,engl&4 ,,hi/orical ,,lectures ,,& ,,essays4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,sanit>y ,,& ,,social ,,lectures ,,& ,,essays4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,sci5tific ,,lectures ,,& ,,essays4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,lit]>y ,,& ,,g5]al ,,lectures4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,k+sley 7,,h5ry74--,,tales ,,( ,,old ,,travel4 ,re-n>rat$ by ,,h5ry ,,k+sley1 ,f4,r4,g4,s4 ,) ,eight ,illu/rations by ,,hu>d4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,,lang4--,,cyprus3 ,its ,hi/ory1 its ,pres5t ,res\rces & ,future ,prospects4 ,by ,r4 ,,hamilton ,,lang1 late ,h4,m4 ,consul = ! ,isl& ( ,cyprus4 ,) ,two ,illu/rations & ,f\r ,maps4 #hvo4 #ads4 ,,laocoon4--,translat$ f ! ,text ( ,less+1 ) ,preface & ,notes by ! ,"r ,hon4 ,sir ,,rob]t ,j4 ,,phillimore1 ,d4,c4,l4 ,) ,photographs4 #hvo4 #abs4 ,,lectures ,,on ,,art4--,deliv]$ 9 support ( ! ,society = ,protection ( ,anci5t ,build+s4 ,by ,,regd4 ,,/u>t ,,poole1 ,pr(essor ,w4,b4 ,,ri*mond1 ,e4,j4 ,,poynt]1 ,r4,a41 ,j4,t4 ,,mickle?waite1 & ,,william ,,morris4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,le?bridge4--,a ,,%ort ,,manual ,,( ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,india1 ) an acc\nt ( ,,india ,,z ,,x ,,is4 ,! ,soil1 ,climate1 & ,productions2 ! ,p--_! ,races1 ,religions1 ,public ,works1 & ,indu/ries2 ! ,civil ,s]vices & ,sy/em ( ,adm9i/ration4 ,by ,,rop] ,,le?bridge1 ,m4,a41 ,c4,i4,e41 ,press ,commission] ) ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india1 late ,s*ol> ( ,exet] ,college1 c4 c4 ,) ,maps4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,,lie*t5/e94--,,holl& ,,h\se4 ,by ,pr9cess ,,m>ie ,,lie*t5/e94 ,) ,five ,/eel ,engrav+s by ,c4,h4 ,,je5s1 aft] pa9t+s by ,,watts & o!r celebrat$ ,arti/s1 & num]\s ,illu/rations drawn by ,pr(essor ,p4,h4 ,,delamotte1 & engrav$ on ,wood by ,j4,d4 ,,coop]1 ,w4 ,,palm]1 & ,,jewitt ,,co41 ab\t #dj ,illu/rations by ! ,woodbury-type process1 & ,india ,pro(s ( ! ,/eel ,engrav+s4 ,two vols4 ,m$ium #dto41 half morocco elegant4 #dl4 #ds4 ,,lloyd4--,,! ,,age ,,( ,,p]icles4 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,arts & ,politics ( ,greece f ! ,p]sian to ! ,peloponnesian ,w>4 ,by ,w4 ,,watkiss ,,lloyd4 ,two ,vols4 #hvo4 #bas4 ,,l(tie4--,a ,,ride ,,9 ,,egypt ,,f ,,sioot ,,to ,,luxor1 ,,9 #ahgi2 ) ,notes on ! ,pres5t ,/ate & ,anci5t ,hi/ory ( ! ,nile ,valley1 & "s acc\nt ( ! v>i\s ways ( mak+ ! voyage out & home4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4,j4 ,,l(tie1 ,b4,a4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,lubbock4--,works by ,sir ,,john ,,lubbock1 ,b>t41 ,m4,p41 ,d4,c4,l41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,,addresses1 ,,political ,,& ,,educational4 #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,fifty ,,ye>s ,,( ,,sci5ce4 ,be+ ! address deliv]$ at ,york to ! ,briti% ,association1 ,augu/1 #ahha4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,macdonell4--,,france ,,s9ce ,,! ,,fir/ ,,empire4 ,by ,,james ,,macdonell4 ,edit$ ) ,preface by 8 ,wife4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,mac>?ur4--,,hi/ory ,,( ,,scotl&4 ,by ,,m>g>et ,,mac>?ur4 ,be+ ! ,?ird ,volume ( ! ,hi/orical ,c\rse = ,s*ools1 ,edit$ by ,,edw>d ,a4 ,,freeman1 ,d4,c4,l4 ,second ,edition4 #ahmo4 #bs4 ,mc,l,e,n,n,a,n4--,,! ,,patri>*al ,,!ory4 ,bas$ on ,pap]s ( ! late ,,john ,,f]guson ,,mcl5nan4 ,edit$ & complet$ by ,,donald ,,mcl5nan1 ( ! ,inn] ,temple1 ,b>ri/]-at-,law1 #hvo4 #ads4 ,,macmillan 7,,rev4 ,,hugh74--,= o!r ,works by same ,au?or1 see ,,!ological & ,,sci5tific ,,catalogues4 ,,holidays ,,on ,,high ,,l&s2 or1 ,rambles & ,incid5ts 9 se>* ( ,alp9e ,plants4 ,second ,edition1 revis$ & enl>g$4 ,globe #hvo4 #fs4 ,,macmillan 7,,daniel74--,,memoir ,,( ,,daniel ,,macmillan4 ,by ,,?omas ,,hughes1 ,q4,c41 ,au?or ( ,tom ,br[n's ,s*ooldays1 etc4 ,) ,portrait engrav$ on ,/eel by ,c4,h4 ,,je5s1 f a ,pa9t+ by ,,l[es ,,dick9son4 ,fif? ,?\s&4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4--,,popul> ,,edition1 ,pap] ,cov]s1 #as4 ,,macready4--,,macready',s ,,rem9isc5ces ,,& ,,selections ,,f ,,8 ,,di>ies ,,& ,,lett]s4 ,edit$ by ,sir ,f4 ,,pollock1 ,b>t41 "o ( 8 ,executors4 ,) ,f\r ,portraits engrav$ by ,,je5s4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,mahaffy4--,works by ! ,rev4 ,j4,p4 ,,mahaffy1 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl93-- ,,social ,,life ,,9 ,,greece ,,f ,,hom] ,,to ,,m5&]4 ,fif? ,edition1 revis$ & enl>g$1 ) a new *apt] on ,greek ,art4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #is4 ,,rambles ,,& ,,/udies ,,9 ,,greece4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,new & enl>g$ ,edition1 ) ,map & ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,m>g>y4--,,! ,,j\rney ,,( ,,augu/us ,,raymond ,,m>g>y ,,f ,,%anghae ,,to ,,bhamo ,,& ,,back ,,to ,,manwyne4 ,f 8 ,j\rnals & ,lett]s1 ) a brief ,biographical ,preface1 a conclud+ *apt] by ,sir ,,ru!r=d ,,alcock1 ,k4,c4,b41 & a ,/eel ,portrait engrav$ by ,,je5s1 & ,map4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,m>tel4--,,milit>y ,,italy4 ,by ,,*>les ,,m>tel4 ,) ,map4 #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,,m>t94--,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,lloyd',s1 ,,& ,,( ,,m>9e ,,insurance ,,9 ,,great ,,brita94 ,) an ,app5dix conta9+ ,/ati/ics relat+ to ,m>9e ,insurance4 ,by ,,fr$]ick ,,m>t91 ,au?or ( ,! ,/atesman's ,ye> ,book4 #hvo4 #ads4 ,,m>t9eau4--,,biographical ,,sket*es1 #aheb-ge4 ,by ,,h>riet ,,m>t9eau4 ,) ,f\r ,additional ,sket*es1 & ,autobiographical ,sket*4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 7,biographical ,s]ies47 ,,masson 7,,david74--,by ,,david ,,masson1 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,rhetoric & ,engli% ,lit]ature 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh4 ,= o!r ,works by same ,au?or1 see ,,philosophical & ,,belles ,,lettres ,,catalogue4 ,,*att]ton3 ,a ,/ory ( ! ,ye> #aggj4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,,! ,,?ree ,,devils3 ,lu!r's1 ,goe!'s1 & ,milton's2 & o!r ,essays4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,,wordswor?1 ,,%elley1 ,,& ,,keats2 & o!r ,essays4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,,ma!ws4--,,life ,,( ,,*>les ,j4 ,,ma!ws4 ,*iefly ,autobiographical4 ,) ,selections f 8 ,correspond5ce & ,spee*es4 ,edit$ by ,,*>les ,,dick5s4 ,two ,vols4 #hvo4 #bes4 ,,maurice4--,,life ,,( ,,fr$]ick ,,d5ison ,,maurice4 ,*iefly told 9 8 own ,lett]s4 ,edit$ by 8 ,son1 ,,fr$]ick ,,maurice4 ,) ,two ,portraits4 ,?ird ,edition4 #b vols4 ,demy #hvo4 #cfs4 ,,maurice4--,,! ,,fri5d%ip ,,( ,,books2 ,,& ,,o!r ,,lectures4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,f4,d4 ,,maurice4 ,edit$ ) ,preface1 by ,,?omas ,,hughes1 ,q4,c4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,maxwell4--,,pr(essor ,,cl]k ,,maxwell1 ,a ,,life ,,(4 ,) a ,selection f 8 ,correspond5ce & ,occasional ,writ+s1 & a ,sket* ( 8 ,contributions to ,sci5ce4 ,by ,,lewis ,,campbell1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,greek 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,/4 ,&rews1 & ,pr(essor ,,william ,,g>nett1 ,m4,a41 ,pr9cipal ( ,durham ,college ( ,sci5ce1 ,newca/le-^u-,tyne4 ,new ,edition1 ,abridg$ & ,revis$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,mayor 7,j4,e4,b47--,works edit$ by ,,john ,e4,b4 ,,mayor1 ,m4,a41 ,k5n$y ,pr(essor ( ,lat9 at ,cambridge3-- ,,cambridge ,,9 ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,autobiography ( ,mat!w ,rob9son4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 #f;d4 ,,life ,,( ,,bi%op ,,b$ell4 ,by 8 ,,son4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,melb\rne4--,,memoirs ,,( ,,! ,,rt4 ,,hon4 ,,william1 ,,second ,,visc\nt ,,melb\rne4 ,by ,w4,m4 ,,torr5s1 ,m4,p4 ,) ,portrait aft] ,sir ,t4 ,lawr5ce4 ,second ,edition4 ,two ,vols4 #hvo4 #cbs4 ,,miall4--,,life ,,( ,,edw>d ,,miall1 =m]ly ,m4,p4 = ,ro*dale & ,brad=d4 ,by 8 ,son1 ,,ar?ur ,,miall4 ,) a ,portrait4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,mi*elet4--,a ,,summ>y ,,( ,,mod]n ,,hi/ory4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* ( ,m4 ,,mi*elet1 & cont9u$ to ! pres5t "t by ,m4,c4,m4 ,,simpson4 ,globe #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,millet4--,,jean ,,fran,,ois ,,millet2 ,peasant & ,pa9t]4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* ( ,,alfr$ ,,s5si]4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,globe #dto4 #afs4 ,,milton4--,,life ,,( ,,john ,,milton4 ,n>rat$ 9 connection ) ! ,political1 ,ecclesia/ical1 & ,lit]>y ,hi/ory ( 8 ,"t4 ,by ,,david ,,masson1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,rhetoric & ,engli% ,lit]ature 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh4 ,) ,portraits4 ,vol4 ,i4 #afjh-afci4 ,new & ,revis$ ,edition4 #hvo4 #bas4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 #afch-afdc4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,vol4 ,,iii4 #afdc-afdi4 #hvo4 #ahs4 ,vols4 ,,iv & ,v4 #afdi-affj4 #cbs4 ,vol4 ,,vi4 #affj-afgd4 ,) ,portrait4 #bas4 ,index ,volume 9 prep>ation4 ,?is "w is n only a ,biography1 b also a cont9u\s ,political1 ,ecclesia/ical1 & ,lit]>y ,hi/ory ( ,engl& ?r\gh ,milton's :ole "t4 ,,mit=d 7,a4,b47--,,tales ,,( ,,old ,,japan4 ,by ,a4,b4 ,,mit=d1 ,second ,secret>y to ! ,briti% ,legation 9 ,japan4 ,) upw>ds ( #cj ,illu/rations1 drawn & cut on ,wood by ,japanese ,arti/s4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,murray4--,,r\nd ,,ab\t ,,france4 ,by ,e4,c4 ,,gr5ville ,,murray4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,music4--,,diction>y ,,( ,,music ,,& ,,musicians 7,a4,d4 #adej-ahhe74 ,by ,em95t ,writ]s1 ,engli% & ,=eign4 ,edit$ by ,,sir ,,george ,,grove1 ,d4,c4,l41 ,director ( ! ,royal ,college ( ,music4 ,?ree ,vols4 #hvo4 ,) ,illu/rations & ,woodcuts4 ,p>ts ,i4 to ,,xiv41 ,,xix4 & ,,xx41 #cs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,p>ts ,,xv4 & ,,xvi41 #gs4 ,p>ts ,,xvii4 & ,,xviii41 #gs4 ,vols4 ,i41 ,,ii41 & ,,iii4 #hvo4 #bas4 ea*4 ,vol4 ,i4--,a to ,impromptu4 ,vol4 ,,ii4--,improp]ia to ,pla9 ,song4 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,plan* to ,sum] is ,icum5 94 ,,my]s4--,,essays ,,by ,,fr$]ic ,w4,h4 ,,my]s4 #b vols4 ,i4 ,classical4 ,,ii4 ,mod]n4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,,napoleon4--,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,napoleon ,i4 ,by ,p4 ,,lanfrey4 ,a ,translation ) ! sanction ( ! ,au?or4 ,f\r ,vols4 #hvo4 ,vols4 ,,ii4 & ,,iii4 price #abs4 ea*4 ,vol4 ,,iv4 ,) ,index4 #fs4 ,,newton4--,,essays ,,on ,,art ,,& ,,ar*,,ology4 ,by ,,*>les ,,?omas ,,newton1 ,c4,d41 ,ph4,d41 ,d4,c4,l41 ,l4,l4,d41 ,keep] ( ,greek & ,roman ,antiquities at ! ,briti% ,museum1 c4 #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,,ni*ol4--,,tables ,,( ,,european ,,lit]ature ,,& ,,hi/ory1 ,a4,d4 #bjj-ahgf4 ,by ,j4 ,,ni*ol1 ,l4,l4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,engli% ,language & ,lit]ature1 ,glasg[4 #dto4 #fs4 #f;d4 ,,tables ,,( ,,anci5t ,,lit]ature ,,& ,,hi/ory1 ,b4,c4 #aejj--;,a4,d4 #bjj4 ,by ! same ,au?or4 #dto4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,nord5ski,,ld',s ,,arctic ,,voyages1 #aheh-gi4--,) ,maps & num]\s ,illu/rations4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,voyage ,,( ,,! ,,vega4 ,by ,,adolf ,,erik ,,nord5ski,,ld4 ,translat$ by ,,alex&] ,,leslie4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations1 ,maps1 c4 ,popul> & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,oliphant 7,,mrs474--,works by ,mrs4 ,,oliphant4 ,,! ,,mak]s ,,( ,,flor5ce3 ,dante1 ,giotto1 ,savon>ola1 & _! ,city4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations f draw+s by ,pr(essor ,,delamotte1 & portrait ( ,savon>ola1 engrav$ by ,,je5s4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,lit]>y ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,engl& ,,9 ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,eighte5? ,,& ,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,! ,,n9ete5? ,,c5tury4 ,new ,issue1 ) a ,preface4 #c vols4 ,demy #hvo4 #bas4 ,,oliphant4--,,! ,,duke ,,& ,,! ,,s*ol>3 & o!r ,essays ,by ,t4,l4 ,,k+ton ,,oliphant4 #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,otte4--,,sc&9avian ,,hi/ory4 ,by ,e4,c4 ,,otte4 ,) ,maps4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,,ow5s ,,college ,,essays ,,& ,,addresses4--,by ,,pr(essors ,,& ,,lectur]s ,,( ,,ow5s ,,college1 ,,man*e/]4 ,publi%$ 9 ,commemoration ( ! ,op5+ ( ! ,new ,college ,build+s1 ,octob] #g?1 #ahgc4 #hvo4 #ads4 ,,palgrave 7,r4,f4,d47--,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,commons2 ,illu/rations ( its ,hi/ory & ,practice4 ,by ,,reg9ald ,f4,d4 ,,palgrave1 ,cl]k ,assi/ant ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,new & ,revis$ ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,palgrave 7,,sir ,f47--,,hi/ory ,,( ,,norm&y ,,& ,,( ,,engl&4 ,by ,sir ,,francis ,,palgrave1 ,deputy ,keep] ( ,h] ,maje/y's ,public ,records4 ,complet+ ! ,hi/ory to ! ,dea? ( ,william ,rufus4 #d ,vols4 #hvo4 #dl4 #ds4 ,,palgrave 7,w4,g47--,a ,,n>rative ,,( ,a ,,ye>',s ,,j\rney ,,?r\gh ,,c5tral ,,& ,,ea/]n ,,arabia1 #ahfb-c4 ,by ,,william ,,gif=d ,,palgrave1 late ( ! ,eigh? ,regim5t ,bombay ,n4,i4 ,six? ,edition4 ,) ,maps1 ,plans1 & ,portrait ( ,au?or1 engrav$ on /eel by ,,je5s4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,essays ,,on ,,ea/]n ,,que/ions4 ,by ,w4 ,,gif=d ,,palgrave4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,dut* ,,guiana4 ,) ,maps & ,plans4 #hvo4 #is4 ,,p>kman4--,,montcalm ,,& ,,wolfe4 ,by ,,francis ,,p>kman4 ,) ,portraits & ,maps4 #b vols4 #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,,patteson4--,,life ,,& ,,lett]s ,,( ,,john ,,col]idge ,,patteson1 ,d4,d41 ,mission>y ,bi%op ( ! ,melanesian ,isl&s4 ,by ,,*>lotte ,m4 ,,yonge1 ,au?or ( ,! ,heir ( ,r$clyffe4 ,) ,portraits aft] ,,ri*mond & f ,photograph1 engrav$ by ,,je5s4 ,) ,map4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,two ,vols4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #abs4 ,,pattison4--,,memoirs4 ,by ,,m>k ,,pattison1 late ,rector ( ,l9coln ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,payne4--,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,european ,,colonies4 ,by ,e4,j4 ,,payne1 ,m4,a4 ,) ,maps4 #ahmo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,hi/orical ,c\rse = ,s*ools4 ,,p]sia4--,,ea/]n ,,p]sia4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,j\rneys ( ! ,p]sian ,b\nd>y ,commission1 #ahgj-a-b4--,vol4 ,i4 ,! ,geography1 ) ,n>ratives by ,majors ,,/4 ,,john1 ,,lovett1 & ,,euan ,,smi?1 & an ,introduction by ,major-,g5]al ,sir ,,fr$]ic ,,goldsmid1 ,c4,b41 ,k4,c4,s4,i41 ,briti% ,commission] & ,arbitrator4 ,) ,maps & ,illu/rations4--,vol4 ,,ii4 ,! ,zoology & ,geology4 ,by ,w4,t4 ,,bl&=d1 ,a4,r4,s4,m41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,) ,col\r$ ,illu/rations4 ,two ,vols4 #hvo4 #dbs4 ,,phe>4--,,! ,,aryan ,,village ,,9 ,,india ,,& ,,ceylon4 ,by ,sir ,,john ,b4 ,,phe>4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,poole4--,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,hugu5ots ,,( ,,! ,,disp]sion ,,at ,,! ,,recall ,,( ,,! ,,edict ,,( ,,nantes4 ,by ,,reg9ald ,,lane ,,poole4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,pri*>d4--,,! ,,adm9i/ration ,,( ,,india4 ,f #ahei to #ahfh4 ,! ,fir/ ,t5 ,ye>s ( ,adm9i/ration "u ! ,cr[n4 ,by ,i4,t4 ,,pri*>d1 ,b>ri/]-at-,law4 ,two ,vols4 ,demy #hvo4 ,) ,map4 #bas4 ,,re$ 7,,sir ,,*as474--,,sir ,,*>les ,,re$4 ,a ,memoir by ,,*>les ,e4,b4 ,,re$1 ,m4,a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,rembr&t4--,,! ,,et*$ ,,"w ,,( ,,rembr&t4 ,a ,,monograph4 ,by ,,francis ,,seym\r ,,had54 ,) ?ree ,plates4 #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,rog]s 7,,james ,e4 ,,?orold74--,,hi/orical ,,glean+s3--,a ,s]ies ( ,sket*es4 ,montague1 ,walpole1 ,adam ,smi?1 ,cobbett4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,rog]s1 ,m4,p4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,second ,s]ies4 ,wiklif1 ,laud1 ,wilkes1 & ,horne ,tooke4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,rossetti4--,,dante ,,gabriel ,,rossetti3 a ,record & a ,/udy4 ,by ,,william ,,%>p4 ,) an ,illu/ration aft] ,dante ,gabriel ,rossetti4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,r\tl$ge4--,,*apt]s ,,9 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,popul> ,,progress ,,9 ,,engl&1 *iefly 9 ,relation to ! ,fre$om ( ! ,press & ,trial by ,jury1 #affj-ahbj4 ,) application to lat] ye>s4 ,by ,j4 ,,r\tl$ge4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,rum=d4--,,c\nt ,,rum=d',s ,,complete ,,works1 ) ,memoir1 & ,notices ( 8 ,daught]4 ,by ,,george ,,ellis4 ,five ,vols4 #hvo4 #dl4 #ads4 #f;d4 ,,russell4--,,new ,,views ,,on ,,irel&1 ,,or ,,iri% ,,l& ,,grievances ,,& ,,rem$ies4 ,by ,,*>les ,,russell1 ,q4,c41 ,m4,p4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,sayce4--,,! ,,anci5t ,,empires ,,( ,,! ,,ea/4 ,by ,a4,h4 ,,sayce1 ,deputy-,pr(essor ( ,comp>ative ,philology1 ,ox=d2 ,hon4 ,,ll4,d4 ,dubl94 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,s*ill]4--,,! ,,life ,,( ,,s*ill]4 ,by ,,he9ri* ,d,,ntz]4 ,translat$ by ,,p]cy ,e4 ,,p9k]ton4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,seeley4--,works by ,j4,r4 ,,seeley1 ,m4,a41 ,regius ,pr(essor ( ,mod]n ,hi/ory 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 ,fell[ ( ,gonville & ,caius ,college1 ,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,hi/orical ,society1 & ,honor>y ,memb] ( ! ,hi/orical ,society ( ,massa*usetts3-- ,,! ,,expansion ,,( ,,engl&4 ,two ,c\rses ( ,lectures4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,lectures ,,& ,,essays4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,cont5ts3--,roman ,imp]ialism3 #a4 ,! ,great ,roman ,revolution2 #b4 ,! ,proximate ,cause ( ! ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire2 ,! ,lat] ,empire4--,milton's ,political ,op9ions--,milton's ,poetry--,elem5t>y ,pr9ciples 9 ,art--,lib]al ,education 9 ,univ]sities--,engli% 9 ,s*ools--,! ,*ur* z a ,tea*] ( ,morality--,! ,tea*+ ( ,politics3 an ,inaugural ,lecture deliv]$ at ,cambridge4 ,,%elburne4--,,life ,,( ,,william1 ,,e>l ,,( ,,%elburne1 ,,aft]w>ds ,,fir/ ,,m>quis ,,( ,,l&sd[ne4 ,) ,extracts f 8 ,pap]s & ,correspond5ce4 ,by ,"l ,,edmond ,,fitzmaurice4 ,9 ,?ree ,vols4 #hvo4 ,vol4 ,i4 #agcg-agff1 #abs42 ,vol4 ,,ii4 #agff-aggf1 #abs42 ,vol4 ,,iii4 #aggf-ahje1 #afs4 ,,sibson4--,,collect$ ,,works ,,( ,,francis ,,sibson1 ,m4,d41 ,lond41 ,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,society1 ,honor>y ,m4,d4 ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl91 & ,d4,c4,l4 ,durham1 ,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,college ( ,physicians1 c4 ,edit$ by ,,william ,m4 ,,ord1 ,m4,d4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,f\r ,volumes4 #hvo4 #cl4 #cs4 ,,sime4--,,hi/ory ,,( ,,g]many4 ,by ,,james ,,sime1 ,m4,a4 #ahmo4 #cs4 ,be+ ,vol4 ,v4 ( ! ,hi/orical ,c\rse = ,s*ools4 ,edit$ by ,,edw>d ,a4 ,,freeman1 ,d4,c4,l4 ,,smi? 7,,goldw974--,,?ree ,,engli% ,,/atesm54 ,a ,c\rse ( ,lectures on ! ,political ,hi/ory ( ,engl&4 ,by ,,goldw9 ,,smi?1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,c4,l4 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,,sp9oza4--,,sp9oza3 a ,/udy (4 ,by ,,james ,,m>t9eau1 ,,ll4,d41 ,d4,d4 ,fell[ ( ,man*e/] ,new ,college1 ,london4 ,) ,portrait4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,/4 ,,anselm4--,by ! ,v ,rev4 ,r4,w4 ,,*ur*1 ,m4,a41 ,dean ( ,/4 ,paul's4 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 7,biographical ,s]ies47 ,,/atesman',s ,,ye>-,,book1 ,,!4--,a ,/ati/ical & ,hi/orical ,annual ( ! ,/ates ( ! ,civilis$ ,_w = ! ,ye> #ahhe4 ,tw5ty-second ,annual ,publication4 ,revis$ aft] ,(ficial ,returns4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,,scott ,,keltie4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,/a?am4--,,blacks1 ,,bo]s1 ,,& ,,briti%3 ,a ,?ree-,corn]$ ,problem4 ,by ,f4,r4 ,,/a?am4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,/ev5son4--,,h\se ,,ar*itecture4 ,by ,j4,j4 ,,/ev5son1 ,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,in/itution ( ,briti% ,ar*itects4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,royal #hvo4 #b ,vols4 #ahs4 ea*4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,ar*itecture4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,h\se ,plann+4 ,,/4 ,,john/on4--,,camp+ ,,among ,,cannibals4 ,by ,,alfr$ ,,/4 ,,john/on4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,/rang=d4--,,egyptian ,,%r9es ,,& ,,syrian ,,sepul*res1 includ+ a ,visit to ,palmyra4 ,by ,,emily ,a4 ,,beau=t 7,visc\ntess ,/rang=d71 ,au?or ( ,! ,ea/]n ,%ores ( ! ,adriatic4 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,tait4--,,an ,,analysis ,,( ,,engli% ,,hi/ory1 bas$ ^u ,gre5's ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,p4 ,by ,c4,w4,a4 ,,tait1 ,m4,a41 ,assi/ant ,ma/]1 ,clifton ,college4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,tait4--,,ca?>9e ,,& ,,craufurd ,,tait1 ,,wife ,,& ,,son ,,( ,,ar*ibald ,,campbell1 ,,ar*bi%op ,,( ,,cant]bury3 a ,memoir1 ,edit$1 at ! reque/ ( ! ,ar*bi%op1 by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,,b5ham1 ,b4,d41 ,rector ( ,/4 ,edmund-!-,k+ & ,/4 ,ni*olas ,acons1 ,"o ( ! ,six ,prea*]s ( ,cant]bury ,ca!dral4 ,) ,two ,portraits engrav$ by ,,je5s4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 7,biographical ,s]ies47 ,abridg$ ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,t]esa4--,,! ,,life ,,( ,,/4 ,,t]esa4 ,by ,,m>ia ,,tr5*4 ,) ,portrait engrav$ by ,,je5s4 ,cr[n #hvo41 clo? extra4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,?ompson4--,,hi/ory ,,( ,,engl&4 ,by ,,edi? ,,?ompson4 ,be+ ,vol4 ,,ii4 ( ! ,hi/orical ,c\rse = ,s*ools1 ,edit$ by ,,edw>d ,a4 ,,freeman1 ,d4,c4,l4 ,new ,edition1 revis$ & enl>g$1 ) ,col\r$ ,maps4 #ahmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,ranks ,,to ,a ,,commission4--,new & ,popul> ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,todhunt]4--,,! ,,conflict ,,( ,,/udies2 ,,& ,,o!r ,,essays ,,on ,,subjects ,,connect$ ,,) ,,education4 ,by ,,isaac ,,todhunt]1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,r4,s41 late ,fell[ & ,pr9cipal ,ma!matical ,lectur] ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,cambridge4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,tr5* 7,r4 ,,*5evix74--,= o!r ,works by ! same ,au?or1 see ,,!ological & ,,belles ,,lettres ,,catalogues1 & page #bh ( ?is ,catalogue4 ,,gu/avus ,,adolphus ,,9 ,,g]many1 & o!r ,lectures on ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w>4 ,second ,edition1 revis$ & enl>g$4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 ,,plut>*1 ,,8 ,,life1 ,,8 ,,lives1 ,,& ,,8 ,,morals4 ,five ,lectures4 ,second ,edition1 enl>g$4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,lectures ,,on ,,m$ieval ,,*ur* ,,hi/ory4 ,be+ ! sub/ance ( ,lectures deliv]$ 9 ,que5's ,college1 ,london4 ,second ,edition1 revis$4 #hvo4 #abs4 ,,an ,,essay ,,on ,,! ,,life ,,& ,,g5ius ,,( ,,cald]on4 ,) ,translations f 8 ,life's a ,dream & ,great ,!atre ( ! ,_w4 ,second ,edition1 revis$ & improv$4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 ,,tr5* 7,,mrs4 ,r474--,,rema9s ,,( ,,! ,,late ,,mrs4 ,,ri*>d ,,tr5*4 ,be+ ,selections f h] ,j\rnals1 ,lett]s1 & o!r ,pap]s4 ,edit$ by ,r4 ,,*5evix ,,tr5*1 ,d4,d4 ,new & ,*eap] ,issue4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,,trevelyan4--,,! ,,iri% ,,crisis4 ,be+ a ,n>rative ( ! ,measures = ! ,relief ( ! ,di/ress caus$ by ! ,great ,iri% ,fam9e ( #ahdf-g4 ,by ,sir ,,*>les ,,trevelyan1 ,b>t41 ,k4,c4,b4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,trollope4--,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,commonweal? ,,( ,,flor5ce ,,f ,,! ,,e>lie/ ,,indep5d5ce ,,( ,,! ,,commune ,,to ,,! ,,fall ,,( ,,! ,,republic ,,9 #ahca4 ,by ,t4 ,,adolphus ,,trollope4 #d ,vols4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 #bas4 ,,turn]4--,,samoa4 ,a ,hundr$ ,ye>s ago & long be=e1 toge!r ) ,notes on ! ,cults & ,cu/oms ( ,tw5ty-?ree o!r ,isl&s 9 ! ,pacific4 ,by ,,george ,,turn]1 ,,ll4,d41 ( ! ,london ,mission>y ,society4 ,) a ,preface by ,e4,b4 ,,tylor1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,) ,maps4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #is4 ,,tylor4--,,an?ropology3 an ,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ,man & ,civilisation4 ,by ,e4,b4 ,,tylor1 ,d4,c4,l41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,upp+ham ,,by ,,! ,,sea4--,a ,,n>rative ,,( ,,! ,,ye> ,,at ,,bor?4 ,by ,j4,h4,s4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,victor ,,emmanuel ,,ii41 ,,fir/ ,,k+ ,,( ,,italy4 ,by ,g4,s4 ,,godk94 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 7,biographical ,s]ies47 ,,wallace4--,,! ,,malay ,,ar*ipelago3 ! ,l& ( ! ,orang ,utan & ! ,bird ( ,p>adise4 ,by ,,alfr$ ,,russel ,,wallace4 ,a ,n>rative ( ,travel ) ,/udies ( ,man & ,nature4 ,) ,maps & num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,six? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,wallace 7,d4,m47--,,egypt3 & ! ,egyptian ,"q4 ,by ,d4 ,,mack5zie ,,wallace1 ,m4,a41 ,au?or ( ,russia3 a ,six ,ye>s' ,resid5ce1 c4 #hvo4 #ads4 ,,w>d4--,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,engli% ,,dramatic ,,lit]ature ,,to ,,! ,,dea? ,,( ,,que5 ,,anne4 ,by ,a4,w4 ,,w>d1 ,m4,a41 ,pr(essor ( ,hi/ory & ,engli% ,lit]ature 9 ,ow5s ,college1 ,man*e/]4 ,two ,vols4 #hvo4 #cbs4 ,,w>d 7,j47--,,exp]i5ces ,,( ,a ,,diplomati/4 ,be+ recollections ( ,g]many f\nd$ on ,di>ies kept dur+ ! ye>s #ahdj-ahgj4 ,by ,,john ,,w>d1 ,c4,b41 late ,h4,m4 ,m9i/]-,resid5t to ! ,hanse ,t[ns4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,w>d4--,,engli% ,,poets4 ,selections1 ) ,critical ,introductions by v>i\s writ]s1 & a ,g5]al ,introduction by ,,mat!w ,,arnold4 ,edit$ by ,t4,h4 ,,w>d1 ,m4,a4 #d vols4 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,,*auc] to ,,donne4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,,b5 ,,jonson to ,,dryd54 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,,addison to ,,blake4 ,vol4 ,,iv4 ,,wordswor? to ,,rossetti4 ,,wat]ton 7,c47--,,w&]+s ,,9 ,,s\? ,,am]ica1 ,,! ,,nor?-,,we/ ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates1 ,,& ,,! ,,antilles ,,9 #ahab1 #ahaf1 #ahbj1 & #ahbd4 ,) ,orig9al ,in/ructions = ! p]fect ,pres]vation ( ,birds1 etc41 = ,cab9ets ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,by ,,*>les ,,wat]ton4 ,new ,edition1 edit$ ) ,biographical ,introduction & ,explanatory ,index by ! ,rev4 ,j4,g4 ,,wood1 ,m4,a4 ,) #ajj ,illu/rations4 ,*eap] ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,p',s ,,illu/rat$ ,,edition4 ,demy #dto4 #f;d4 ,,watson4--,a ,,visit ,,to ,,wazan1 ,,! ,,sacr$ ,,city ,,( ,,morocco4 ,by ,,rob]t ,,sp5ce ,,watson4 ,) ,illu/rations4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,watson 7,,ell547--,a ,,record ,,( ,,ell5 ,,watson4 ,arrang$ & ,edit$ by ,,anna ,,buckl&4 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,wesley4--,,john ,,wesley ,,& ,,! ,,evangelical ,,reaction ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,by ,,julia ,,w$gwood4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,:eel]4--,a ,,%ort ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,india1 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,fronti] ,,/ates ,,( ,,afghani/an1 ,,nepaul1 ,,& ,,burma4 ,by ,j4 ,,talboys ,,:eel]1 late ,assi/ant-,secret>y to ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india1 ,=eign ,dep>tm5t1 & late ,secret>y to ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,briti% ,burma4 ,) ,maps & ,tables4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #abs4 ,,:ewell4--,,william ,,:ewell1 ,d4,d41 late ,ma/] ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,an acc\nt ( 8 ,writ+s1 ) ,selections f 8 ,lit]>y & ,sci5tific correspond5ce4 ,by ,i4 ,,todhunt]1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,two ,vols4 #hvo4 #bes4 ,,:ite4--,,! ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,antiquities ,,( ,,selborne4 ,by ,,gilb]t ,,:ite4 ,edit$1 ) ,memoir & ,notes1 by ,,frank ,,buckl&1 ,a ,*apt] on ,antiquities by ,,"l ,,selborne1 & num]\s ,illu/rations by ,p4,h4 ,,delamotte4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,also a ,l>ge ,pap] ,edition1 conta9+1 9 addition to ! above1 upw>ds ( ,?irty ,woodbury-type ,illu/rations f ,draw+s by ,pr(4 ,,delamotte4 ,two ,vols4 #dto4 ,half morocco1 elegant4 #dl4 #ds4 ,,wilson4--,a ,,memoir ,,( ,,george ,,wilson1 ,m4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4,e41 ,regius ,pr(essor ( ,te*nology 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh4 ,by 8 ,,si/]4 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,wilson 7,,daniel1 ,,ll4,d47--,works by ,,daniel ,,wilson1 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,hi/ory & ,engli% ,lit]ature 9 ,univ]sity ,college4 ,toronto3-- ,,prehi/oric ,,annals ,,( ,,scotl&4 ,new ,edition1 ) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,two ,vols4 ,demy #hvo4 #cfs4 ,,prehi/oric ,,man3 ,rese>*es into ! ,orig9 ( ,civilization 9 ! ,old & ,new ,_w4 ,new ,edition1 revis$ & enl>g$ ?r\gh\t1 ) num]\s ,illu/rations & ,two ,col\r$ ,plates4 ,two ,vols4 #hvo4 #cfs4 ,,*att]ton3 ,a ,biographical ,/udy4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 #f;d4 ,,yoe4--,,! ,,burman3 ,8 ,life & ,notions4 ,by ,,%way ,,yoe4 ,two ,vols4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #is4 ,,yonge 7,,*>lotte ,m47--,works by ,,*>lotte ,m4 ,,yonge1 ,au?or ( ! ,heir ( ,r$clyffe1 c4 c43-- ,,cameos ,,f ,,engli% ,,hi/ory4 ,f ,rollo to ,edw>d ,,ii4 ,extra ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,?ird ,edition4 #es4 ,,second ,,s]ies1 ,,! ,,w>s ,,9 ,,france4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 ,?ird ,edition4 #es4 ,,?ird ,,s]ies1 ,,! ,,w>s ,,( ,,! ,,roses4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 ,,f\r? ,,s]ies1 ,,re=mation ,,times4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 ,,fif? ,,s]ies1 ,,engl& ,,& ,,spa94 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,france4 ,maps4 #ahmo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,hi/orical ,c\rse = ,s*ools4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,*ri/ian ,,names4 ,new ,edition1 ,revis$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,politics1 ,,political ,,& ,,social ,,economy1 ,,law1 ,,& ,,k9dr$ ,,subjects4 ,,anglo-,,saxon ,,law4--,,essays ,,94 ,cont5ts3 ,law ,c\rts--,l& & ,family ,laws & ,legal ,proc$ure g5]ally4 ,) ,select cases4 ,m$ium #hvo4 #ahs4 ,,arnold4--,,! ,,roman ,,sy/em ,,( ,,prov9cial ,,adm9i/ration ,,to ,,! ,,accession ,,( ,,con/ant9e ,,! ,,great4 ,be+ ! ,arnold ,prize ,essay = #ahgi4 ,by ,w4,t4 ,,arnold1 ,b4,a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,b]n>d4--,,f\r ,,lectures ,,on ,,subjects ,,connect$ ,,) ,,diplomacy4 ,by ,,montague ,,b]n>d1 ,m4,a41 ,*i*ele ,pr(essor ( ,int]national ,law & ,diplomacy1 ,ox=d4 #hvo4 #is4 ,,bigel[4--,,hi/ory ,,( ,,proc$ure ,,9 ,,engl&1 ,,f ,,! ,,norman ,,conque/4 ,! ,norman ,p]iod1 #ajff-abjd4 ,by ,,melville ,,madison ,,bigel[1 ,ph4,d41 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,bright 7,,john1 ,m4,p474--,works by ! ,"r ,hon4 ,,john ,,bright1 ,m4,p4 ,,spee*es ,,on ,,que/ions ,,( ,,public ,,policy4 ,edit$ by ,pr(essor ,,?orold ,,rog]s1 ,m4,p4 ,au?or's ,popul> ,edition4 ,globe #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,libr>y ,,edition4 ,two ,vols4 #hvo4 ,) ,portrait4 #bes4 ,,public ,,addresses4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,,?orold ,,rog]s1 ,m4,p4 #hvo4 #ads4 ,,bucknill4--,,! ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,insane1 ,,& ,,_! ,,legal ,,control4 ,by ,j4,c4 ,,bucknill1 ,m4,d41 ,f4,r4,s41 late ,"l ,*ancellor's ,visitor ( ,lunatics4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,cairnes4--,works by ,j4,e4 ,,cairnes1 ,m4,a41 sometime ,pr(essor ( ,political ,economy 9 ,univ]sity ,college1 ,london3-- ,,political ,,essays4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,"* ,,& ,,logical ,,me?od ,,( ,,political ,,economy4 ,new ,edition1 enl>g$4 #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,cobd5 7,,ri*>d74--,,spee*es ,,on ,,que/ions ,,( ,,public ,,policy4 ,by ,,ri*>d ,,cobd54 ,edit$ by ! ,"r ,hon4 ,john ,bright1 ,m4,p41 & ,j4,e4 ,?orold ,rog]s1 ,m4,p4 ,popul> ,edition4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,cossa4--,,guide ,,to ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,political ,,economy4 ,by ,,dr4 ,,luigi ,,cossa1 ,pr(essor ( ,political ,economy 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,pavia4 ,translat$ f ! ,second ,italian ,edition4 ,) a ,preface by ,w4 ,,/anley ,,jevons1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,fawcett4--,works by ,"r ,hon4 ,,h5ry ,,fawcett1 ,m4,a41 ,m4,p41 ,f4,r4,s41 late ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,hall1 & ,pr(essor ( ,political ,economy 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge3-- ,,! ,,economic ,,position ,,( ,,! ,,briti% ,,lab\r]4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 ,,manual ,,( ,,political ,,economy4 ,six? ,edition1 revis$1 ) a ,*apt] on ,/ate ,socialism & ! ,nationalisation ( ! ,l&1 & an ,index1 etc4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #abs4 ,,spee*es ,,on ,,"s ,,curr5t ,,political ,,que/ions4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,free ,,trade ,,& ,,protection3 an ,inquiry into ! ,causes :i* h ret>d$ ! g5]al adoption ( ,free ,trade s9ce its introduction into ,engl&4 ,six? & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,indian ,,f9ance4 ,?ree ,essays1 ) ,introduction & ,app5dix4 #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,essays ,,on ,,political ,,& ,,social ,,subjects4 ,by ,"r ,hon4 ,,h5ry ,,fawcett1 ,m4,p41 & ,,millic5t ,,g>rett ,,fawcett4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,fawcett 7,,mrs47--,works by ,,millic5t ,,g>rett ,,fawcett3-- ,,political ,,economy ,,= ,,beg9n]s4 ,,) ,,que/ions4 ,new ,edition4 #ahmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,tales ,,9 ,,political ,,economy4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 ,,fiske4--,,am]ican ,,political ,,ideas ,,view$ ,,f ,,! ,,/&po9t ,,( ,,univ]sal ,,hi/ory4 ,?ree ,lectures deliv]$ at ! ,royal ,in/itution ( ,great ,brita94 ,by ,,john ,,fiske1 ,au?or ( ,d>w9ism3 & o!r ,essays1 ,excursions ( an ,evolutioni/1 c4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 ,,gos*54--,,reports ,,& ,,spee*es ,,on ,,local ,,taxation4 ,by ,,george ,j4 ,,gos*51 ,m4,p4 ,royal #hvo4 #es4 ,,guide ,,to ,,! ,,unprotect$1 9 ,e ,day ,matt]s ,relat+ to ,prop]ty & ,income4 ,by a ,,bank]',s ,,daught]4 ,fif? ,edition1 ,revis$4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,hamilton4--,,money ,,& ,,value3 an ,inquiry into ! ,means & ,ends ( ,economic ,production1 ) an ,app5dix on ! ,depreciation ( ,silv] & ,indian ,curr5cy4 ,by ,,r[l& ,,hamilton4 #hvo4 #abs4 ,,h>wood4--,works by ,,george ,,h>wood1 ,m4,a4 ,,dise/abli%m5t3 a ,def5ce ( ! ,pr9ciple ( a ,national ,*ur*4 #hvo4 #abs4 ,,! ,,com+ ,,democracy4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,hill4--,works by ,,octavia ,,hill3-- ,,our ,,common ,,l&2 & o!r ,%ort ,essays4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,cont5ts3--,our ,common ,l&4 ,di/rict ,visit+4 ,a m ,excell5t ,way ( ,*>ity4 ,a ,^w on ,good ,citiz5%ip4 ,op5 ,spaces4 ,effectual ,*>ity4 ,! ,future ( our ,commons4 ,,homes ,,( ,,! ,,london ,,poor4 ,popul> ,edition4 ,cr4 #hvo4 ,sew$1 #as4 ,,holl&4--,,! ,,treaty ,,relations ,,( ,,russia ,,& ,,turkey ,,f #aggd ,,to #ahec4 ,a ,lecture deliv]$ at ,ox=d1 ,april #ahgg4 ,by ,t4,e4 ,,holl&1 ,d4,c4,l41 ,pr(essor ( ,int]national ,law & ,diplomacy1 ,ox=d4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,,jevons4--,works by ,w4 ,,/anley ,,jevons1 ,,ll4,d41 ,m4,a41 ,f4,r4,s4 7,= o!r ,works by ! same ,au?or1 see ,,educational & ,,philosophical ,,catalogues473-- ,,! ,,!ory ,,( ,,political ,,economy4 ,second ,edition1 revis$1 ) new ,preface & ,app5dices4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,prim] ,,( ,,political ,,economy4 #ahmo4 #as4 ,,me?ods ,,( ,,social ,,re=m1 & o!r ,pap]s4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,inve/igations ,,9 ,,curr5cy ,,& ,,f9ance4 ,edit$1 ) an ,introduction1 by ,h4,s4 ,,foxwell1 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ & ,lectur] ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,cambridge1 & ,pr(essor ( ,political ,economy at ,univ]sity ,college1 ,london4 ,illu/rat$ by #bj ,diagrams4 ,demy #hvo4 #bas4 ,,laveleye4--,,primitive ,,prop]ty4 ,by ,,emile ,,de ,,laveleye4 ,translat$ by ,g4,r4,l4 ,,m>riott1 ,,ll4,b41 ) an ,introduction by ,t4,e4 ,,cliffe ,,leslie1 ,,ll4,b4 #hvo4 #abs4 ,,lightwood4--,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,positive ,,law4 ,by ,,john ,m4 ,,lightwood1 ,m4,a41 ( ,l9coln's ,inn1 ,b>ri/]-at-,law1 ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,hall1 ,cambridge4 ,demy #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,,lubbock4--,,addresses1 ,,political ,,& ,,educational4 ,by ,sir ,,john ,,lubbock1 ,b>t41 ,m4,p41 c41 c4 #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,macdonell4--,,! ,,l& ,,"q1 ,,) ,,special ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,engl& ,,& ,,scotl&4 ,by ,,john ,,macdonell1 ,b>ri/]-at-,law4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,maitl&4--,,pleas ,,( ,,! ,,cr[n ,,= ,,! ,,c\nty ,,( ,,gl\ce/]1 ,,be=e ,,! ,,abbot ,,( ,,read+ ,,& ,,8 ,,fell[ ,,ju/ices ,,it9]ant1 ,,9 ,,! ,,fif? ,,ye> ,,( ,,! ,,reign ,,( ,,k+ ,,h5ry ,,! ,,?ird ,,& ,,! ,,ye> ,,( ,,grace1 #abba4 ,edit$ by ,f4,w4 ,,maitl&4 #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,m>%all4--,,! ,,economics ,,( ,,indu/ry4 ,by ,a4 ,,m>%all1 ,m4,a41 ,pr(essor ( ,political ,economy 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 late ,pr9cipal ( ,univ]sity ,college ,bri/ol1 & ,,m>y ,,paley ,,m>%all1 late ,lectur] at ,newnham ,hall1 ,cambridge4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,monahan4--,,! ,,me?od ,,( ,,law3 an ,essay on ! ,/atem5t & ,arrangem5t ( ! ,legal ,/&>d ( ,conduct4 ,by ,j4,h4 ,,monahan1 ,q4,c4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,pat]son4--,works by ,,james ,,pat]son1 ,m4,a41 ,b>ri/]-at-,law1 sometime ,commission] = ,engli% & ,iri% ,fi%]ies1 c4 ,,! ,,lib]ty ,,( ,,! ,,subject ,,& ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,engl& ,,relat+ ,,to ,,! ,,security ,,( ,,! ,,p]son4 ,comm5t>ies on4 ,*eap] issue4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bas4 ,,! ,,lib]ty ,,( ,,! ,,press1 ,,( ,,spee*1 ,,& ,,( ,,public ,,wor%ip4 ,be+ ,comm5t>ies on ! ,lib]ty ( ! ,subject & ! ,laws ( ,engl&4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #abs4 ,,phe>4--,,int]national ,,trade1 ,,& ,,! ,,relation ,,betwe5 ,,exports ,,& ,,imports4 ,a ,pap] read be=e ! ,exm\? ,lib]al ,association1 on ,july #bb1 #ahha4 ,by ,sir ,,john ,b4 ,,phe>4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,phillimore4--,,private ,,law ,,among ,,! ,,romans1 f ! ,p&ects4 ,by ,,john ,,george ,,phillimore1 ,q4,c4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,pollock 7,f474--,,essays ,,9 ,,jurisprud5ce ,,& ,,e?ics4 ,by ,,fr$]ick ,,pollock1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d41 ,corpus ,*ri/i ,pr(essor ( ,jurisprud5ce 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d2 late ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,camb4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,practical ,,politics4--,,issu$ ,,by ,,! ,,national ,,lib]al ,,f$]ation4 ,complete 9 "o volume4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,or3-- ,i4 ,,! ,,t5ant ,,f>m]3 ,l& ,laws & ,l&lords4 ,by ,,james ,,h[>d4 #hvo4 #as4 ,,ii4 ,,=eign ,,policy4 ,by ,"r ,hon4 ,m4,e4 ,,grant ,,duff1 ,m4,p4 #hvo4 #as4 ,,iii4 ,,fre$om ,,( ,,l&4 ,by ,g4 ,,%aw ,,lefevre1 ,m4,p4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,iv4 ,,briti% ,,colonial ,,policy4 ,by ,sir ,,david ,,w$d]burn1 ,b>t41 ,m4,p4 #hvo4 #as4 ,,ri*ey4--,,! ,,iri% ,,l& ,,laws4 ,by ,,alex&] ,g4 ,,ri*ey1 ,q4,c41 ,,ll4,d41 ,deputy ,regius ,pr(essor ( ,feudal & ,engli% ,law 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,dubl94 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,sidgwick4--,works by ,,h5ry ,,sidgwick1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d41 ,knightbridge ,pr(essor ( ,moral ,philosophy 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 c43 ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,political ,,economy4 ,demy #hvo4 #afs4 ,,! ,,me?ods ,,( ,,e?ics4 ,?ird ,edition1 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$4 ,demy #hvo4 #ads4 ,a ,,supplem5t ,,to ,,! ,,second ,,edition4 ,conta9+ all ! ,important ,additions & ,alt]ations 9 ! ,?ird ,edition4 ,demy #hvo4 #fs4 ,,/atesman',s ,,ye>-,,book1 ,,!3 ,a ,,/ati/ical ,,& ,,hi/orical ,,annual ,,( ,,! ,,/ates ,,( ,,! ,,civiliz$ ,,_w1 ,,= ,,! ,,ye> #ahhe4 ,tw5ty-second ,annual ,publication4 ,revis$ aft] ,(ficial ,returns4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,,scott ,,keltie4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,/eph5 7,c4,e47--,,! ,,s]vice ,,( ,,! ,,poor3 ,be+ an ,inquiry into ! ,reasons = & aga9/ ! ,e/abli%m5t ( ,religi\s ,si/]hoods = ,*>itable ,purposes4 ,by ,,c>ol9e ,,emilia ,,/eph54 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 #f;d4 ,,/eph54--,works by ,sir ,,james ,,fitzjames ,,/eph51 ,k4,c4,s4,i41 ,d4,c4,l4 ,a ,judge ( ! ,high ,c\rt ( ,ju/ice1 ,que5's ,b5* ,division4 ,a ,,dige/ ,,( ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,evid5ce4 ,f\r? ,edition1 ) new ,preface4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,crim9al ,,law ,,( ,,engl&4 ,?ree ,vols4 ,demy #hvo4 #dhs4 ,a ,,dige/ ,,( ,,! ,,crim9al ,,law4 7,crimes & ,puni%m5ts47 #hvo4 #afs4 ,a ,,dige/ ,,( ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,crim9al ,,proc$ure ,,9 ,,indictable ,,(f5ces4 ,by ,sir ,,james ,f4 ,,/eph51 ,k4,c4,s4,i41 a ,judge ( ! ,high ,c\rt ( ,ju/ice1 ,que5's ,b5* ,division1 & ,,h]b]t ,,/eph51 ,,ll4,m41 ( ! ,middle ,temple1 ,b>ri/]-at-,law4 #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,,lett]s ,,on ,,! ,,ilb]t ,,bill4 ,repr9t$ f ,! ,times4 #hvo4 #bs4 ,,/eph5 7,j4,k474--,,int]national ,,law ,,& ,,int]national ,,relations3 an ,attempt to ,asc]ta9 ! ,be/ ,me?od ( ,discuss+ ! ,topics ( ,int]national ,law4 ,by ,j4,k4 ,,/eph51 ,b4,a41 ( ! ,inn] ,temple1 ,b>ri/]-at-,law4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,/ubbs4--,,village ,,politics4 ,addresses & ,s]mons on ! ,lab\r ,"q4 ,by ,c4,w4 ,,/ubbs1 ,m4,a41 ,vic> ( ,granbor\gh1 ,bucks4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,?ornton4--,works by ,w4,t4 ,,?ornton1 ,c4,b41 ,secret>y = ,public ,works 9 ! ,india ,(fice3-- ,a ,,plea ,,= ,,peasant ,,proprietors3 ,) ! ,outl9es ( a ,plan = _! ,e/abli%m5t 9 ,irel&4 ,new ,edition1 revis$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,indian ,,public ,,works ,,& ,,cognate ,,indian ,,topics4 ,) ,map ( ,indian ,railways4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,walk]4--,works by ,f4,a4 ,,walk]1 ,m4,a41 ,ph4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,political ,economy & ,hi/ory1 ,yale ,college3-- ,,! ,,wages ,,"q4 ,a ,treatise on ,wages & ! ,wages ,class4 #hvo4 #ads4 ,,money4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,money ,,9 ,,its ,,relations ,,to ,,trade ,,& ,,indu/ry4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,political ,,economy4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,l& ,,& ,,its ,,r5t4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,wilson4--,,reciprocity1 ,,bi-,,metallism1 ,,& ,,l&-,,t5ure ,,re=m4 ,by ,a4,j4 ,,wilson1 ,au?or ( ,! ,res\rces ( ,mod]n ,c\ntries4 #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,works ,,connect$ ,,) ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,or ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,language4 ,,abbott4--,a ,,%akesp]ian ,,gramm>3 ,an ,attempt to illu/rate "s ( ! ,diff]5ces betwe5 ,elizabe?an & ,mod]n ,engli%4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,e4,a4 ,,abbott1 ,d4,d41 ,head ,ma/] ( ! ,city ( ,london ,s*ool4 ,new & ,enl>g$ ,edition4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,,breymann4--,a ,,fr5* ,,gramm> ,,bas$ ,,on ,,philological ,,pr9ciples4 ,by ,,h]mann ,,breymann1 ,ph4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,philology 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,muni*1 late ,lectur] on ,fr5* ,language & ,lit]ature 9 ,ow5s ,college1 ,man*e/]4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,ellis4--,,practical ,,h9ts ,,on ,,! ,,quantitative ,,pronunciation ,,( ,,lat91 ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,classical ,,tea*]s ,,& ,,l+ui/s4 ,by ,a4,j4 ,,ellis1 ,b4,a41 ,f4,r4,s44 c4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,fasna*t4--,works by ,g4 ,,eug5e ,,fasna*t1 ,au?or ( ,macmillan's ,progressive ,fr5* ,c\rse1 ,editor ( ,macmillan's ,=eign ,s*ool ,classics1 c4 ,,! ,,organic ,,me?od ,,( ,,/udy+ ,,languages4 ,i4 ,fr5*4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,a ,,syn!tic ,,fr5* ,,gramm> ,,= ,,s*ools4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,fleay4--,a ,,%akespe>e ,,manual4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,f4,g4 ,,fleay1 ,m4,a41 ,head ,ma/] ( ,skipton ,gramm> ,s*ool4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,goodw94--,works by ,w4,w4 ,,goodw91 ,pr(essor ( ,greek ,lit]ature 9 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity3-- ,,syntax ,,( ,,! ,,greek ,,moods ,,& ,,t5ses4 ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 #f;d4 ,a ,,s*ool ,,greek ,,gramm>4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,a ,,greek ,,gramm>4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,greek ,,te/am5t4--,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t ,,9 ,,! ,,orig9al ,,greek4 ,! ,text revis$ by ,b4,f4 ,,we/cott1 ,d4,d41 ,regius ,pr(essor ( ,div9ity1 & ,f4,j4,a4 ,,hort1 ,d4,d41 ,hulsean ,pr(essor ( ,div9ity1 ,fell[ ( ,emmanuel ,college1 ,cambridge2 late ,fell[s ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,two ,vols4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,text4--,vol4 ,,ii4 ,introduction & ,app5dix4 ,,! ,,revis]s ,,& ,,! ,,greek ,,text ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t4 ,by ,two ,memb]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,company4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,hadley4--,,essays ,,philological ,,& ,,critical4 ,select$ f ! ,pap]s ( ,,james ,,hadley1 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,greek 9 ,yale ,college1 c4 #hvo4 #afs4 ,,hales4--,,long] ,,engli% ,,poems4 ,) ,notes1 ,philological & ,explanatory1 & an ,introduction on ! ,tea*+ ( ,engli%4 ,*iefly = use 9 ,s*ools4 ,edit$ by ,j4,w4 ,,hales1 ,m4,a41 ,pr(essor ( ,engli% ,lit]ature at ,k+'s ,college1 ,london1 c4 c4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,helf5/e9 7,,james74--,a ,,comp>ative ,,gramm> ,,( ,,! ,,teutonic ,,languages3 ,be+ at ! same "t a ,hi/orical ,gramm> ( ! ,engli% ,language1 & compris+ ,go?ic1 ,anglo-,saxon1 ,e>ly ,engli%1 ,mod]n ,engli%1 ,icel&ic 7,old ,norse71 ,dani%1 ,sw$i%1 ,old ,high ,g]man1 ,middle ,high ,g]man1 ,mod]n ,g]man1 ,old ,saxon1 ,old ,frisian1 & ,dut*4 ,by ,,james ,,helf5/e91 ,ph4,d4 #hvo4 #ahs4 ,,masson 7,,gu/ave74--,a ,,comp5di\s ,,diction>y ,,( ,,! ,,fr5* ,,language 7,fr5*-,engli% & ,engli%-,fr5*74 ,adapt$ f ! ,diction>ies ( ,pr(essor ,,alfr$ ,,elwall4 ,foll[$ by a ,li/ ( ! ,pr9cipal ,div]g+ ,d]ivations1 & prec$$ by ,*ronological & ,hi/orical ,tables4 ,by ,,gu/ave ,,masson1 ,assi/ant-,ma/] & ,libr>ian1 ,h>r[ ,s*ool4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,mayor4--,a ,,bibliographical ,,clue ,,to ,,lat9 ,,lit]ature4 ,edit$ aft] ,dr4 ,e4 ,,hubn]4 ,) l>ge ,additions by ,,john ,e4,b4 ,,mayor1 ,m4,a41 ,pr(essor ( ,lat9 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,morris4--,works by ! ,rev4 ,,ri*>d ,,morris1 ,,ll4,d41 ,presid5t ( ! ,philological ,society1 ,editor ( ,specim5s ( ,e>ly ,engli%1 c41 c43-- ,,hi/orical ,,outl9es ,,( ,,engli% ,,accid5ce1 compris+ ,*apt]s on ! ,hi/ory & ,developm5t ( ! ,language1 & on ,^w-=mation4 ,new ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,,elem5t>y ,,lessons ,,9 ,,hi/orical ,,engli% ,,gramm>1 conta9+ ,accid5ce & ,^w-=mation4 ,?ird ,edition4 #ahmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,oliphant4--,,! ,,old ,,& ,,middle ,,engli%4 ,by ,t4,l4 ,,k+ton ,,oliphant1 ,m4,a41 ( ,balliol ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,a ,new ,edition1 revis$ & greatly enl>g$1 ( ,! ,s\rces ( ,/&>d ,engli%4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo4 #is4 ,,philology4--,,! ,,j\rnal ,,( ,,sacr$ ,,& ,,classical ,,philology4 ,f\r ,vols4 #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,,! ,,j\rnal ,,( ,,philology4 ,new ,s]ies4 ,edit$ by ,,john ,e4,b4 ,,mayor1 ,m4,a41 & ,w4 ,,aldis ,,wright1 ,m4,a4 #ds4 #f;d4 7,half-ye>ly47 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,j\rnal ,,( ,,philology4 ,edit$ by ,,basil ,l4 ,,gild]sleeve1 ,pr(essor ( ,greek 9 ! ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 7,qu>t]ly47 ,,phryni*us4--,,! ,,new ,,phryni*us4 ,be+ a ,revis$ ,text ( ,! ,ecloga ( ! ,gramm>ian ,phryni*us4 ,) ,introductions & ,comm5t>y4 ,by ,w4 ,,gunion ,,ru!r=d1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d4 ( ,balliol ,college1 ,head ,ma/] ( ,we/m9/] ,s*ool4 #hvo4 #ahs4 ,,roby 7,h4,j47--,works by ,,h5ry ,,john ,,roby1 ,m4,a41 late ,fell[ ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,a ,,gramm> ,,( ,,! ,,lat9 ,,language1 ,,f ,,plautus ,,to ,,suetonius4 ,9 ,two ,p>ts4 ,second ,edition4 ,"p ,i4 conta9+3--,book ,i4 ,s\nds4 ,book ,,ii4 ,inflexions4 ,book ,,iii4 ,^w ,=mation4 ,app5dices4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,"p ,,ii4--,syntax1 ,prepositions1 c4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,a ,,lat9 ,,gramm> ,,= ,,s*ools4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,,s*aff4--,,! ,,greek ,,te/am5t ,,& ,,! ,,engli% ,,v]sion1 ,a ,,companion ,,to4 ,by ,,philip ,,s*aff1 ,d4,d41 ,presid5t ( ! ,am]ican ,committee ( ,revision4 ,) ,facsimile ,illu/rations ( ,,mss4 & ,/&>d ,editions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #abs4 ,,s*midt4--,,! ,,rhy?mic ,,& ,,metric ,,( ,,! ,,classical ,,languages4 ,to :i* are add$1 ! ,lyric ,p>ts ( ! ,m$ea ( ,euripides & ! ,antigone ( ,sophocles2 ) ,rhy?mical ,s*eme & ,comm5t>y4 ,by ,dr4 ,j4,h4 ,,s*midt4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man by ,j4,w4 ,,:ite1 ,d4,d4 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,taylor4--,works by ! ,rev4 ,,isaac ,,taylor1 ,m4,a43-- ,,etruscan ,,rese>*es4 ,) ,woodcuts4 #hvo4 #ads4 ,,words ,,& ,,places2 or1 ,etymological ,illu/rations ( ,hi/ory1 ,e?nology & ,geography4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,isaac ,,taylor4 ,?ird ,edition1 revis$ & compress$4 ,) ,maps4 ,globe #hvo4 #fs4 ,,greeks ,,& ,,go?s3 a ,/udy on ! ,runes4 #hvo4 #is4 ,,tr5*4--,works by ,r4 ,,*5evix ,,tr5*1 ,d4,d4 7,= o!r ,works by ! same ,au?or1 see ,,!ological ,,catalogue47 ,,synonyms ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t4 ,n9? ,edition1 enl>g$4 #hvo4 clo?4 #abs4 ,,on ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,words4 ,lectures ,address$ 7orig9ally7 to ! ,pupils at ! ,diocesan ,tra9+ ,s*ool1 ,w9*e/]4 ,eighte5? ,edition1 enl>g$4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 ,,engli% ,,pa/ ,,& ,,pres5t4 ,elev5? ,edition1 revis$ & improv$4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 ,a ,,select ,,gloss>y ,,( ,,engli% ,,words ,,us$ ,,=m]ly ,,9 ,,s5ses ,,diff]5t ,,f ,,_! ,,pres5t4 ,fif? ,edition1 enl>g$4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4 ,,v9c5t ,,& ,,dickson4--,a ,,h&book ,,to ,,mod]n ,,greek4 ,by ,,edg> ,,v9c5t1 ,m4,a41 & ,t4,g4 ,,dickson4 ,second ,edition revis$ & enl>g$4 ,) an ,app5dix on ! ,relation ( ,mod]n ,greek to ,classical ,greek4 ,by ,pr(essor ,r4,c4 ,,jebb4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,:itney4--,a ,,comp5di\s ,,g]man ,,gramm>4 ,by ,w4,d4 ,,:itney1 ,pr(essor ( ,sanskrit & ,in/ructor 9 ,mod]n ,languages 9 ,yale ,college4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,:itney ,,& ,,edgr54--,a ,,comp5di\s ,,g]man ,,& ,,engli% ,,diction>y1 ) ,notation ( ,correspond5ces & ,brief ,etymologies4 ,by ,pr(essor ,w4,d4 ,,:itney1 assi/$ by ,a4,h4 ,,edgr54 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,! ,,g]man-,,engli% ,"p may be _h sep>ately4 ,price #es4 ,,wright 7,,aldis74--,,! ,,bible ,,^w-,,book3 a ,gloss>y ( ,ar*aic ,words & ,phrases 9 ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion ( ! ,bible & ! ,book ( ,common ,pray]4 ,by ,w4 ,,aldis ,,wright1 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ & ,burs> ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,second ,edition1 revis$ & enl>g$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,ze*>iah4--,,! ,,hebrew ,,/ud5t',s ,,comm5t>y ,,on ,,hebrew ,,& ,,lxx4 ,) ,excursus on ,sev]al ,grammatical ,subjects4 ,by ,w4,h4 ,,l[e1 ,m4,a41 ,hebrew ,lectur] at ,*ri/'s ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,gold5 ,,treasury ,,s]ies4 ,,uni=mly pr9t$ 9 #ahmo41 ) ,vignette ,titles by ,j4,e4 ,,millais1 ,t4 ,,wooln]1 ,w4 ,,holman ,,hunt1 ,,sir ,,noel ,,paton1 ,,ar?ur ,,hughes1 c4 ,engrav$ on ,/eel by ,,je5s4 ,b\nd 9 extra clo?1 #ds4 #f;d4 ea* volume4 ,messrs4 ,macmillan h1 9 _! ,gold5 ,treasury ,s]ies1 especially provid$ editions ( /&>d works1 volumes ( select$ poetry1 & orig9al compositions1 :i* entitle ?is s]ies to be call$ classical4 ,no?+ c be bett] ?an ! lit]>y execution1 no?+ m elegant ?an ! mat]ial workman%ip4--,,briti% ,,qu>t]ly ,,review4 ,,! ,,gold5 ,,treasury ,,( ,,! ,,be/ ,,songs ,,& ,,lyrical ,,poems ,,9 ,,! ,,engli% ,,language4 ,select$ & arrang$1 ) ,notes1 by ,,francis ,,turn] ,,palgrave4 ,,! ,,*ildr5',s ,,g>l& ,,f ,,! ,,be/ ,,poets4 ,select$ & arrang$ by ,,cov5try ,,patmore4 ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,praise4 ,f ! be/ ,engli% ,hymn ,writ]s4 ,select$ & arrang$ by ! ,"r ,hon4 ! ,,e>l ,,( ,,selborne4 ,a ,new & ,enl>g$ ,edition4 ,,! ,,fairy ,,book2 ! ,be/ ,popul> ,fairy ,/ories4 ,select$ & r5d]$ anew by ! ,au?or ( ,,john ,,halifax1 ,,g5tleman4 ,a delightful selection1 9 a delightful ext]nal =m2 full ( ! physical spl5d\r & va/ opul5ce ( prop] fairy tales4--,,spectator4 ,,! ,,ballad ,,book4 ,a ,selection ( ! ,*oice/ ,briti% ,ballads4 ,edit$ by ,,william ,,all+ham4 ,,! ,,je/ ,,book4 ,! ,*oice/ ,anecdotes & ,say+s4 ,select$ & arrang$ by ,,m>k ,,lemon4 ,! fulle/ & be/ je/ book t has yet appe>$4--,,saturday ,,review4 ,,bacon',s ,,essays ,,& ,,col\rs ,,( ,,good ,,& ,,evil4 ,) ,notes & ,gloss>ial ,index4 ,by ,w4 ,,aldis ,,wright1 ,m4,a4 ,! beautiful little edition ( ,bacon's ,essays1 n[ be=e u1 does cr$it to ! ta/e & s*ol>%ip ( ,mr4 ,aldis ,wright4--,,spectator4 ,,! ,,pilgrim',s ,,progress f ?is ,_w to t :i* is to come4 ,by ,,john ,,bunyan4 ,a beautiful & s*ol>ly repr9t4--,,spectator4 ,,! ,,sunday ,,book ,,( ,,poetry ,,= ,,! ,,"y4 ,select$ & arrang$ by ,c4,f4 ,,alex&]4 ,a well-select$ volume ( sacr$ poetry4--,,spectator4 ,a ,,book ,,( ,,gold5 ,,de$s ( ,all ,times & ,all ,c\ntries4 ,ga!r$ & ,n>rat$ ,anew4 ,by ! ,au?or ( ,,! ,,heir ,,( ,,r$clyffe4 444 ,to ! "y1 = :om x is especially int5d$1 z a mo/ int]e/+ collection ( ?rill+ tales well told2 & to _! eld]s z a useful h&book ( ref]5ce1 & a pleasant "o to take up :5 _! wi% is to :ile away a we>y half-h\r4 ,we h se5 no pretti] gift-book = a long "t4--,,a!n,,um4 ,,! ,,adv5tures ,,( ,,rob9son ,,crusoe4 ,edit$1 f ! ,orig9al ,edition1 by ,j4,w4 ,,cl>k1 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,,! ,,republic ,,( ,,plato1 ,,translat$ ,,into ,,engli%1 ) ,notes by ,j4 ,,ll4 ,,davies1 ,m4,a41 & ,d4,j4 ,,vaughan1 ,m4,a4 ,a da9ty & *eap little edition4--,,exam9]4 ,,! ,,song ,,book4 ,words & tunes f ! be/ ,poets & ,musicians4 ,select$ & arrang$ by ,,john ,,hullah1 late ,pr(essor ( ,vocal ,music 9 ,k+'s ,college1 ,london4 ,a *oice collection ( ! /]l+ songs ( ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 & ,irel&1 ) ! music ( ea* prefix$ to ! words4 ,h[ mu* true :olesome pleasure su* a book c diffuse1 & w diffuse1 we tru/1 ?r\gh _m ?\s& families4--,,exam9]4 ,,la ,,lyre ,,fran,,aise4 ,select$ & arrang$1 ) ,notes1 by ,,gu/ave ,,masson1 ,fr5* ,ma/] 9 ,h>r[ ,s*ool4 ,we d\bt :e!r ev5 9 ,france itself s int]e/+ & complete a rep]tory ( ! be/ ,fr5* ,lyrics c\ld be f\nd4--,,notes ,,& ,,qu]ies4 ,,tom ,,br[n',s ,,s*ool ,,days4 ,by ,,an ,,old ,,boy4 ,a p]fect gem ( a book4 ,! be/ & mo/ heal?y book ab\t boys = boys t ev] 0 writt54--,,illu/rat$ ,,times4 ,a ,,book ,,( ,,wor?ies4 ,ga!r$ f ! ,old ,hi/ories & writt5 anew by ! ,au?or ( ,,! ,,heir ,,( ,,r$clyffe4 ,an admirable addition to an admirable s]ies4--,,we/m9/] ,,review4 ,,guesses ,,at ,,tru?4 ,by ,,two ,,bro!rs4 ,new ,edition4 ,,! ,,cavali] ,,& ,,8 ,,lady4 ,selections f ! ,works ( ! ,fir/ ,duke & ,du*ess ( ,newca/le4 ,) an ,introductory ,essay by ,,edw>d ,,j5k9s1 ,au?or ( ,g9x's ,baby1 c4 ,a *>m+ little volume4--,,/&>d4 ,,scot* ,,song4 ,a ,selection ( ! ,*oice/ ,lyrics ( ,scotl&4 ,compil$ & arrang$1 ) brief ,notes1 by ,,m>y ,,c>lyle ,,aitk94 ,! book is "o t %\ld f9d a place 9 e libr>y1 we _h almo/ said 9 e pocket4--,,spectator4 ,,deuts*e ,,lyrik3 ,! ,gold5 ,treasury ( ! be/ ,g]man ,lyrical ,poems4 ,select$ & arrang$1 ) ,notes & ,lit]>y ,introduction1 by ,dr4 ,,bu*heim4 ,a book :i* all lov]s ( ,g]man poetry w welcome4--,,we/m9/] ,,review4 ,,h]rick3 ,selections f ! ,lyrical ,poems4 ,arrang$1 ) ,notes1 by ,f4,t4 ,,palgrave4 ,= ! fir/ "t ! sweete/ ( ,engli% pa/oral poets is plac$ )9 ! range ( ! great _w ( read]s4--,,academy4 ,,poems ,,( ,,places4 ,edit$ by ,h4,w4 ,,longfell[4 ,engl& & ,wales4 ,two ,vols4 ,a v happy idea1 ?or\ghly work$ out by an editor :o possesses e qualification = ! task4--,,spectator4 ,,mat!w ,,arnold',s ,,select$ ,,poems4 ,a volume :i* is a ?+ ( beauty 9 itself4--,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette4 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ians ,,& ,,moors ,,9 ,,spa94 ,by ,c4,m4 ,,yonge1 ,au?or ( ! ,heir ( ,r$clyffe4 ,) ,vignette by ,,holman ,,hunt4 ,,*>les ,,lamb',s ,,tales ,,f ,,%akespe>e4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,a4 ,,a+]1 ,m4,a41 ,read] at ! ,temple4 ,,poems ,,( ,,wordswor?4 ,*os5 & ,edit$1 ) ,preface by ,,mat!w ,,arnold4 7,also a ,l>ge ,pap] ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #is47 ,a volume1 e page ( :i* is weight$ ) ! gold5 fruit ( poetry4--,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette4 ,,%akespe>e',s ,,sonnets4 ,edit$ by ,f4,t4 ,,palgrave4 ,,poems ,,f ,,%elley4 ,select$ & arrang$ by ,,/op=d ,a4 ,,brooke1 ,m4,a4 7,also a ,l>ge ,pap] ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d47 ,full ( p[] & true appreciation ( ,%elley4--,,spectator4 ,,essays ,,( ,,joseph ,,addison4 ,*os5 & ,edit$ by ,,john ,,ri*>d ,,gre51 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d4 ,?is is a mo/ welcome addition to a mo/ excell5t s]ies4--,,exam9]4 ,,poetry ,,( ,,byron4 ,*os5 & arrang$ by ,,mat!w ,,arnold4 7,also a ,l>ge ,pap] ,edition1 ,cr[n #hvo47 #is4 ,x is writt5 9 ,mr4 ,arnold's neate/ ve91 & 9 ,mr4 ,arnold's mo/ pellucid mann]4--,,a!n,,um4 ,,selections ,,f ,,! ,,writ+s ,,( ,,walt] ,,savage ,,l&or4--,arrang$ & ,edit$ by ,pr(essor ,,sidney ,,colv94 ,,sir ,,?omas ,,br[ne',s ,,religio ,,m$ici2 ,lett] to a ,fri5d1 c41 & ,*ri/ian ,morals4 ,edit$ by ,w4,a4 ,,gre5hill1 ,m4,d4 ,dr4 ,gre5hill's annotations display c>e & rese>* to a degree r>e among ,engli% editors4 ,! bibliographical details furni%$ leave no?+ to be desir$4--,,a!n,,um4 ,,! ,,spee*es ,,& ,,table-,,talk ,,( ,,! ,,prophet ,,mohammad4--,*os5 & ,translat$1 ) an ,introduction & ,notes1 by ,,/anley ,,lane-,,poole4 ,,selections ,,f ,,c[p]',s ,,poems4--,) an ,introduction by ,mrs4 ,,oliphant4 ,,lett]s ,,( ,,william ,,c[p]4--,edit$1 ) ,introduction4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,,b5ham1 ,b4,d41 ,editor ( ! ,globe ,edition ( ,c[p]'s ,poetical ,works4 ,,! ,,poetical ,,works ,,( ,,john ,,keats4--,repr9t$ f ! ,orig9al ,editions1 ) ,notes4 ,by ,,francis ,,turn] ,,palgrave4 ,,lyrical ,,poems4 ,by ,,alfr$1 ,,"l ,,t5nyson4 ,select$ & ,annotat$4 ,by ,,francis ,,turn] ,,palgrave4 a/]ism symbol ,o!r ,volumes to foll[4 99 99 99 99 99 ,n[ ,publi%+1 9 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,! ,engli% ,citiz54 ,a ,,s]ies ,,( ,,%ort ,,books ,,on ,,8 ,,rights ,,& ,,responsibilities4 ,,edit$ ,,by ,,h5ry ,,craik1 ,m4,a4 7,,oxon472 ,,ll4,d4 7,,glasg[74 ,?is s]ies is int5d$ to meet ! dem& = accessible in=mation on ! ord9>y conditions1 & ! curr5t t]ms1 ( our political life4 ,ignorance ( ^! n only takes f ! /udy ( hi/ory ! int]e/ :i* comes f a contact ) practical politics1 b1 /ill worse1 x unfits m5 = _! place z intellig5t citiz5s4 ,! s]ies w deal ) ! details ( ! ma*9]y :]eby our ,con/itution works1 & ! broad l9es ^u :i* x has be5 con/ruct$4 ,! foll[+ ,volumes are ready3-- ,,c5tral ,,gov]nm5t4 ,by ,h4,d4 ,,traill1 ,d4,c4,l41 late ,fell[ ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,,! ,,electorate ,,& ,,! ,,legislature4 ,by ,,sp5c] ,,walpole1 ,au?or ( ,! ,hi/ory ( ,engl& f #ahae4 ,,! ,,national ,,budget2 ,,! ,,national ,,debt2 ,,taxes ,,& ,,rates4 ,by ,a4,j4 ,,wilson4 ,,! ,,poor ,,law4 ,by ,rev4 ,t4,w4 ,,f[le1 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,/ate ,,& ,,its ,,relation ,,to ,,trade4 ,by ,sir ,t4,h4 ,,f>r]1 ,b>t4 ,,! ,,/ate ,,9 ,,relation ,,to ,,lab\r4 ,by ,w4 ,,/anley ,,jevons1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,,! ,,/ate ,,& ,,! ,,*ur*4 ,by ! ,hon4 ,a4 ,,ar?ur ,,elliott1 ,m4,p4 ,,=eign ,,relations4 ,by ,,sp5c] ,,walpole1 ,au?or ( ,! ,hi/ory ( ,engl& f #ahae4 ,,local ,,gov]nm5t4 ,by ,m4,d4 ,,*alm]s1 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,/ate ,,9 ,,its ,,relation ,,to ,,education4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,craik1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d4 ,,! ,,l& ,,laws4 ,by ,,fr$]ick ,,pollock1 ,m4,a41 late ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge1 ,corpus ,*ri/i ,pr(essor ( ,jurisprud5ce 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d4 ,,colonies ,,& ,,dep5d5cies4--,i4 ,,india4 ,by ,j4,s4 ,,cotton1 ,m4,a41 late ,fell[ ( ,que5's ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,colonies4 ,by ,e4,j4 ,,payne1 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,univ]sity ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,,ju/ice ,,& ,,police4 ,by ,f4,w4 ,,maitl&4 ,9 ,prep>ation3-- ,,! ,,p5al ,,sy/em4 ,by ,sir ,,edmund ,,du ,,cane1 ,k4,c4,b4 ,,! ,,national ,,def5ces4 ,by ,lieut4-,colonel ,,maurice1 ,r4,a4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,ri*>d ,,clay ,,& ,,sons1 ,,pr9t]s4