,illu/ration3 ,,jose ,r4 ,,capablanca ,,*ess ,,fundam5tals ,,by ,,jose ,r4 ,,capablanca ,,*ess ,,*ampion ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,,new ,,york ,,h>c\rt1 ,,brace ,,_w1 ,,inc4 ,,london3 ,g4 ,,bell ,,& ,,sons1 ,,ltd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,copyright1 #aiba1 ,,by ,,h>c\rt1 ,,brace ,,_w1 ,,inc4 7c7 #aidi ,,by ,,olga ,,capablanca ,all rights res]v$4 ,no "p ( ?is publication may be reproduc$ or transmitt$ 9 any =m or by any means1 electronic or me*anical1 includ+ photocopy1 record+1 or any in=mation /orage & retrieval sy/em1 )\t p]mission 9 writ+ f ! publi%]4 ,sev5te5? ,pr9t+ ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica 99 99 99 99 99 ,,preface ,*ess ,fundam5tals 0 fir/ publi%$ ?irte5 ye>s ago4 ,s9ce !n !re h appe>$ at diff]5t times a numb] ( articles deal+ ) ! s-call$ ,hyp]mod]n ,!ory4 ,^? :o h read ! articles may well h ?\ght t some?+ new1 ( vital importance1 _h be5 discov]$4 ,! fact is t ! ,hyp]mod]n ,!ory is m]ely ! application1 dur+ ! op5+ /ages g5]ally1 ( ! same old pr9ciples ?r\gh ! m$ium ( some:at new tactics4 ,!re has be5 no *ange 9 ! fundam5tals4 ,! *ange has be5 only a *ange ( =m1 & n always = ! be/ at t4 ,9 *ess ! tactics may *ange b ! /rategic fundam5tal pr9ciples are always ! same1 s t ,*ess ,fundam5tals is z good n[ z x 0 ?irte5 ye>s ago4 ,x w be z good a hundr$ ye>s f n[2 z long 9 fact z ! laws & rules ( ! game rema9 :at !y are at pres5t4 ,! read] may !re=e g ov] ! cont5ts ( ! book ) ! assurance t !re is 9 x ev]y?+ he ne$s1 & t !re is no?+ to be add$ & no?+ to be *ang$4 ,*ess ,fundam5tals 0 ! "o /&>d "w ( its k9d ?irte5 ye>s ago & ! au?or firmly believes t x is ! "o /&>d "w ( its k9d n[4 ,j4 ,r4 ,,capablanca ,new ,york ,sept4 #a1 #aicd 99 99 99 99 99 ,,li/ ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,"p ,i ,,*apt] ,i ,fir/ ,pr9ciples3 ,end+s1 ,middle-game & ,op5+s ,,page #a4 ,,"s ,,simple ,,mates #c #b4 ,,pawn ,,promotion #i #c4 ,,pawn ,,end+s #ac #d4 ,,"s ,,w9n+ ,,positions ,,9 ,,! ,,middle-,,game #ai #e4 ,,relative ,,value ,,( ,,! ,,pieces #bd #f4 ,,g5]al ,,/rategy ,,( ,,! ,,op5+ #be #g4 ,,control ,,( ,,! ,,c5tre #bh #h4 ,,traps #cb ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,fur!r ,,pr9ciples ,,9 ,,end-,,game ,,play #i4 ,a ,,c>d9al ,,pr9ciple #ce #aj4 ,a ,,classical ,,end+ #cg #aa4 ,,obta9+ ,a ,,pass$ ,,pawn #dj #ab4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,f9d ,,out ,,:i* ,,pawn ,,w ,,be ,,! ,,fir/ ,,to ,,que5 #da #ac4 ,,! ,,opposition #dc #ad4 ,,! ,,relative ,,value ,,( ,,knight ,,& ,,bi%op #ej #ae4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,mate ,,) ,,knight ,,& ,,bi%op #ei #af4 ,,que5 ,,aga9/ ,,rook #fb ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,plann+ ,a ,,w9 ,,9 ,,middle-,,game ,,play #ag4 ,,attack+ ,,)\t ,,! ,,aid ,,( ,,knights #fh #ah4 ,,attack+ ,,) ,,knights ,,z ,a ,,prom95t ,,=ce #ga #ai4 ,,w9n+ ,,by ,,indirect ,,attack #ge ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,g5]al ,,!ory #bj4 ,,! ,,initiative #gg #ba4 ,,direct ,,attacks ,,en ,,masse #gh #bb4 ,,! ,,=ce ,,( ,,! ,,?reat5$ ,,attack #hb #bc4 ,,rel9qui%+ ,,! ,,initiative #hi #bd4 ,,cutt+ ,,(f ,,pieces ,,f ,,! ,,sc5e ,,( ,,action #id #be4 ,a ,,play]',s ,,motives ,,criticis$ ,,9 ,a ,,specim5 ,,game #ii ,,*apt] ,v ,,end-,,game ,,/rategy #bf4 ,,! ,,sudd5 ,,attack ,,f ,a ,,diff]5t ,,side #aaa #bg4 ,,! ,,dang] ,,( ,a ,,safe ,,position #abj #bh4 ,,end+s ,,) ,,"o ,,rook ,,& ,,pawns #abb #bi4 ,a ,,difficult ,,end+3 ,,two ,,rooks ,,& ,,pawns #abg #cj4 ,,rook1 ,,bi%op ,,& ,,pawns v4 ,,rook1 ,,knight ,,& ,,pawns #ach 7,a ,f9al ,example ( pres]v+ ,fre$om :il/ impos+ re/ra9t47 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,fur!r ,,op5+s ,,& ,,middle-,,games #ca4 ,,"s ,,sali5t ,,po9ts ,,ab\t ,,pawns #adc #cb4 ,,"s ,,possible ,,developm5ts ,,f ,a ,,ruy ,,lopez 7%[+ ! weakness ( a backw>d ,q ,b ,p2 ! p[] ( a ,pawn at ,k #e1 etc47 #adf #cc4 ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,a ,,hole #aej ,,"p ,,ii ,,illu/rative ,,games ,,game4 #a4 ,,que5',s ,,gambit ,,decl9$ 7,,mat*1 #aiji7 #aei ,:ite3 ,f4 ,j4 ,m>%all4 ,black3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 #b4 ,,que5',s ,,gambit ,,decl9$ 7,,san ,,seba/ian1 #aiaa7 #afc ,:ite3 ,a4 ,k4 ,rub9/e94 ,black3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 #c4 ,,irregul> ,,def5ce 7,,havana1 #aiac7 #afi ,:ite3 ,d4 ,jan[ski4 ,black3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 #d4 ,,fr5* ,,def5ce 7,,/4 ,,pet]sburg1 #aiac7 #agd ,:ite3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 ,black3 ,e4 ,a4 ,snosko-,borovski4 #e4 ,,ruy ,,lopez 7,,/4 ,,pet]sburg1 #aiad7 #aha ,:ite3 ,dr4 ,e4 ,lask]4 ,black3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 #f4 ,,fr5* ,,def5ce 7,,rice ,,memorial ,,t\rnam5t1 #aiaf7 #ahi ,:ite3 ,o4 ,*ajes4 ,black3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 #g4 ,,ruy ,,lopez 7,,san ,,seba/ian1 #aiaa7 #aig ,:ite3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 ,black3 ,a4 ,burn4 #h4 ,,c5tre ,,game 7,,b]l91 #aiac7 #bja ,:ite3 ,j4 ,mieses4 ,black3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 #i4 ,,que5',s ,,gambit ,,decl9$ 7,,b]l91 #aiac7 #bji ,:ite3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 ,black3 ,r4 ,tei*mann4 #aj4 ,,petr(f ,,def5ce 7,,/4 ,,pet]sburg1 #aiad7 #bae ,:ite3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 ,black3 ,f4 ,j4 ,m>%all4 #aa4 ,,ruy ,,lopez 7,,/4 ,,pet]sburg1 #aiad7 #bba ,:ite3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 ,black3 ,d4 ,jan[ski4 #ab4 ,,fr5* ,,def5ce 7,,new ,,york1 #aiah7 #bbe ,:ite3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 ,black3 ,o4 ,*ajes4 #ac4 ,,ruy ,,lopez 7,,new ,,york1 #aiah7 #bca ,:ite3 ,j4 ,s4 ,morrison4 ,black3 ,j4,r4 ,capablanca4 #ad4 ,,que5',s ,,gambit ,,decl9$ 7,,new ,,york1 #aiah7 #bch ,:ite3 ,f4 ,j4 ,m>%all4 ,black3 ,j4,r4 ,capablanca4 99 99 99 99 99 #c ,,*ess ,,fundam5tals ,,"p ,i ,,*apt] ,i ,,fir/ ,,pr9ciples3 ,,end+s1 ,,middle-,,game ,,& ,,op5+s ,! fir/ ?+ a /ud5t %\ld d1 is to famili>ise himself ) ! p[] ( ! pieces4 ,?is c be/ be done by le>n+ h[ to accompli% quickly "s ( ! simple mates4 #a4 ,,"s ,,simple ,,mates ,,example #a4--,! end+ ,rook & ,k+ aga9/ ,k+4 ,! pr9ciple is to drive ! oppos+ ,k+ to ! la/ l9e on any side ( ! bo>d4 ,illu/ration #d ,9 ?is position ! p[] ( ! ,rook is demon/rat$ by ! fir/ move1 ,r - ,r #g1 :i* imm$iately conf9es ! ,black ,k+ to ! la/ rank1 & ! mate is quickly accompli%$ by3 #a ,r - ,r #g1 ,k - ,kt #a2 #b ,k - ,kt #b4 ,! comb9$ action ( ,k+ & ,rook is ne$$ to arrive at a position 9 :i* mate c be =c$4 ,! g5]al pr9ciple = a beg9n] to foll[ is to keep 8 ,k+ z mu* z possible on ! same rank1 or1 z 9 ?is case1 file1 z ! oppos+ ,k+4 ,:51 9 ?is case1 ! ,k+ has be5 br\ght to ! six? rank1 x is bett] to place x1 n on ! same file1 b on ! "o next to x t[>ds ! c5tre4 #b444,k - ,b #a2 #c ,k - ,b #c1 ,k - ,k #a2 #d ,k - ,k #d1 ,k - ,q #a2 #e ,k - ,q #e1 ,k - ,b #a2 #f ,k - ,q #f4 ,n ,k - ,b #f1 because !n ! ,black ,k+ w g back to ,q #a & x w take mu* long] to mate4 ,if n[ ! ,k+ moves back to ,q #a1 ,r - ,r #h mates at once4 #f444,k - ,kt #a2 #g ,r - ,q ,b #g1 ,k - ,r #a2 #h ,k - ,b #f1 ,k - ,kt #a2 #i ,k - ,kt #f1 ,k - ,r #a2 #aj ,r - ,b #h mate4 ,x has tak5 exactly t5 moves to mate f ! orig9al position4 ,on move #e ,black c\ld h play$ ,k - ,k #a1 &1 accord+ to pr9ciple1 ,:ite w\ld h cont9u$ #f ,k - ,q #f1 ,k - ,b #a 7! ,black ,k+ w ultimately be =c$ to move 9 front ( ! ,:ite ,k+ & be mat$ by ,r - ,r #h72 #g ,k - ,k #f1 ,k - ,kt #a2 #h ,k - ,b #f1 ,k - ,r #a2 #i ,k - ,kt #f1 ,k - ,kt #a2 #aj ,r - ,r #h mate4 #e ,,example #b4 ,illu/ration ,s9ce ! ,black ,k+ is 9 ! c5tre ( ! bo>d1 ! be/ way to proce$ is to advance y\r own ,k+ ?us3 #a ,k - ,k #b1 ,k - ,q #d2 #b ,k - ,k #c4 ,z ! ,rook has n yet come into play1 x is bett] to advance ! ,k+ /raight into ! c5tre ( ! bo>d1 n 9 front1 b to "o side ( ! o!r ,k+4 ,%\ld n[ ! ,black ,k+ move to ,k #d1 ! ,rook drives x back by ,r - ,r #e *4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if #b444 ,k - ,b #e in/ead1 !n also #c ,r - ,r #e4 ,if n[ #c444 ,k - ,kt #e1 !re foll[s #d ,k - ,q #c2 b if in/ead #c444 ,k - ,b #f2 !n #d ,r - ,r #d1 keep+ ! ,k+ conf9$ to z few squ>es z possible4 ,n[ ! end+ may cont9ue3 #d444,k - ,b #g2 #e ,r - ,b #d *1 ,k - ,kt #f2 #f ,k - ,q #c1 ,k - ,kt #g2 #g ,r - ,kt #d *1 ,k - ,r #f2 #h ,k - ,b #c1 ,k - ,r #g4 ,x %\ld be notic$ h[ (t5 ! ,:ite ,k+ has mov$ next to ! ,rook1 n only to def5d x1 b also to r$uce ! mobility ( ! oppos+ ,k+4 ,n[ #f ,:ite mates 9 ?ree moves ?us3 #i ,r - ,r #d *1 ,k - ,kt #h2 #aj ,r - any squ>e on ! ,rook's file1 =c+ ! ,black ,k+ 9 front ( ! ,:ite1 ,k - ,b #h2 #aa ,r - ,r #a mate4 ,x has tak5 elev5 moves to mate1 &1 "u any conditions1 ,i believe x %\ld be done 9 "u tw5ty4 ,:ile x may be monoton\s1 x is wor? :ile = ! beg9n] to practice su* ?+s1 z x w tea* him ! prop] h&l+ ( 8 pieces4 ,,example #c4--,n[ we come to two ,bi%ops & ,k+ aga9/ ,k+4 ,illu/ration ,s9ce ! ,black ,k+ is 9 ! corn]1 ,:ite c play #a ,b - ,q #c1 ,k - ,kt #b2 #b ,b - ,k ,kt #e1 ,k - ,b #b2 #c ,b - ,b #e1 & already ! ,black ,k+ is conf9$ to a few squ>es4 ,if ! ,black ,k+1 9 ! orig9al position1 _h be5 9 ! c5tre ( ! bo>d1 or away f ! la/ r[1 ,:ite %\ld h advanc$ 8 ,k+1 & !n1 ) ! aid ( 8 ,bi%ops1 re/rict$ #g ! ,black ,k+'s movem5ts to z few squ>es z possible4 ,we might n[ cont9ue3 #c444,k - ,kt #b2 #d ,k - ,b #b4 ,9 ?is end+ ! ,black ,k+ mu/ n only be driv5 to ! edge ( ! bo>d1 b he mu/ also be =c$ into a corn]1 &1 be=e a mate c be giv51 ! ,:ite ,k+ mu/ be br\ght to ! six? rank &1 at ! same "t1 9 "o ( ! la/ two files2 9 ?is case ei!r ,k ,r #f1 ,k ,kt #f1 ,k ,b #g1 ,k ,b #h1 & z ,k ,r #f & ,k ,kt #f are ! ne>e/ squ>es1 x is to ei!r ( ^! squ>es t ! ,k+ ought to g4 #d444,k - ,b #b2 #e ,k - ,kt #c1 ,k - ,kt #b2 #f ,k - ,r #d1 ,k - ,b #b2 #g ,k - ,r #e1 ,k - ,kt #b2 #h ,b - ,kt #f1 ,k - ,kt #a2 #i ,k - ,r #f1 ,k - ,b #a4 ,:ite mu/ n[ m>k "t & move "o ( ! ,bi%ops1 s z to =ce ! ,black ,k+ to g back2 #aj ,b - ,r #e1 ,k - ,kt #a2 #aa ,b - ,k #g1 ,k - ,r #a4 ,n[ ! ,:ite ,bi%op mu/ take up a position f :i* x c give *eck next move along ! ,:ite diagonal1 :5 ! ,black ,k+ moves back to ,kt #a4 #ab ,b - ,k ,kt #d1 ,k - ,kt #a2 #ac ,b - ,k #f *1 ,k - ,r #a2 #ad ,b - ,b #f mate4 ,x has tak5 f\rte5 moves to =ce ! mate &1 9 any position1 x %\ld be done 9 "u ?irty4 ,9 all end+s ( ?is k9d1 c>e mu/ be tak5 n to drift into a /ale mate4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> end+ "o %\ld rememb] t ! ,k+ mu/ n only be driv5 to ! edge ( ! bo>d1 b also into a corn]4 ,9 all su* end+s1 h[ev]1 x is immat]ial :e!r ! ,k+ is =c$ #h on to ! la/ rank1 or to an outside file1 e4g4 ,k ,r #e or ,q ,r #d1 ,k #a or ,q #h4 ,,example #d4--,we n[ come to ,que5 & ,k+ aga9/ ,k+4 ,z ! ,que5 comb9es ! p[] ( ! ,rook & ! ,bi%op1 x is ! easie/ mate ( all & %\ld always be accompli%$ 9 "u t5 moves4 ,take ! foll[+ position3 ,illu/ration ,a good way to beg9 is to make ! fir/ move ) ! ,que51 try+ to limit ! ,black ,k+'s mobility z mu* z possible4 ,?us3 #a ,q - ,b #f1 ,k - ,q #e2 #b ,k - ,q #b4 ,already ! ,black ,k+ has only "o available squ>e #b444,k - ,k #d2 #c ,k - ,k #c1 ,k - ,b #d2 #d ,q - ,q #f1 ,k - ,kt #d4 7,%\ld ,black play ,k - ,kt #e1 !n ,q - ,kt #f *72 #e ,q - ,k #f1 ,k - ,r #e 7if ,k - ,r #d1 ,k - ,b #d & mate next move72 #f ,q - ,k ,kt #f1 ,k - ,r #f2 #g ,k - ,b #c1 ,k moves2 #h ,q mates4 ,9 ?is end+1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,rook1 ! ,black ,k+ mu/ be =c$ to ! edge ( ! bo>d2 only #i ! ,que5 be+ s mu* m p[]ful ?an ! ,rook1 ! process is f> easi] & %ort]4 ,^! are ! ?ree elem5t>y end+s & 9 all ( ^! ! pr9ciple is ! same4 ,9 ea* case ! co-op]ation ( ! ,k+ is ne$$4 ,9 ord] to =ce a mate )\t ! aid ( ! ,k+1 at lea/ two ,rooks are requir$4 99 99 99 99 99 #b4 ,,pawn ,,promotion ,! ga9 ( a ,pawn is ! smalle/ mat]ial advantage t c be obta9$ 9 a game2 & x (t5 is suffici5t to w91 ev5 :5 ! ,pawn is ! only rema9+ unit1 ap>t f ! ,k+s4 ,x is ess5tial1 speak+ g5]ally1 t ! ,k+ %\ld be 9 front ( 8 ,pawn1 ) at lea/ "o int]v5+ squ>e4 ,if ! oppos+ ,k+ is directly 9 front ( ! ,pawn1 !n ! game _c be won4 ,?is c be/ be expla9$ by ! foll[+ examples4 ,,example #e4 ,illu/ration #aj ,! position is drawn1 & ! way to proce$ is = ,black to keep ! ,k+ always directly 9 front ( ! ,pawn1 & :5 x _c be done1 z = in/ance 9 ?is position because ( ! ,:ite ,k+1 !n ! ,black ,k+ mu/ be kept 9 front ( ! ,:ite ,k+4 ,! play w\ld proce$ ?us3 #a ,p - ,k #c1 ,k - ,k #d2 #b ,k - ,q #c1 ,k - ,q #d4 ,?is is a v important move4 ,any o!r move w\ld lose1 z w be %[n lat]4 ,z ! ,black ,k+ _c be kept close up to ! ,pawn1 x mu/ be br\ght z f> =w>d z possible &1 at ! same "t1 9 front ( ! ,:ite ,k+4 #c ,p - ,k #d *1 ,k - ,k #d2 #d ,k - ,k #c1 ,k - ,k #c2 #e ,k - ,b #d1 ,k - ,b #c4 ,aga9 ! same case4 ,z ! ,:ite ,k+ comes up1 ! ,black ,k+ mu/ be kept 9 front ( x1 s9ce x _c be br\ght up to ! ,pawn4 #f ,p - ,k #e *1 ,k - ,k #c2 #g ,k - ,k #d1 ,k - ,k #b2 #h ,k - ,q #e1 ,k - ,q #b2 #i ,p - ,k #f *1 ,k - ,k #b2 #aj ,k - ,k #e1 ,k - ,k #a2 #aa ,k - ,q #f1 ,k - ,q #a4 ,if n[ ,:ite advances ! ,pawn1 ! ,black ,k+ gets 9 front ( x & ,:ite mu/ ei!r give up ! ,pawn or play ,k - ,k #f1 & a /ale mate results4 ,if in/ead ( advanc+ ! ,pawn ,:ite )draws 8 ,k+1 ,black br+s 8 ,k+ up to ! ,pawn &1 :5 =c$ to g back1 he moves to ,k 9 front ( ! ,pawn ready to come up aga9 or to move 9 front ( ! ,:ite ,k+1 z be=e1 %\ld ! latt] advance4 ,! :ole mode ( proc$ure is v important & ! /ud5t %\ld become ?or\ghly conv]sant #aa ) its details2 = x involves pr9ciples to be tak5 up lat] on1 & because _m a beg9n] has lo/ id5tical positions f lack ( prop] k4 ,at ?is /age ( ! book ,i _c lay too mu* /ress on its importance4 ,,example #f4--;,9 ?is position ,:ite w9s1 z ! ,k+ is 9 front ( 8 ,pawn & !re is "o int]v5+ squ>e4 ,illu/ration ,! me?od to foll[ is to advance ! ,k+ z f> z is compatible ) ! safety ( ! ,pawn & nev] to advance ! ,pawn until x is ess5tial to its own safety4 ,?us3 #a4 ,k - ,k #d1 ,k - ,k #c4 ,black does n all[ ! ,:ite ,k+ to advance1 !re=e ,:ite is n[ compell$ to advance 8 ,pawn s z to =ce ,black to move away4 ,he is !n able to advance 8 own ,k+4 #b4 ,p - ,k#c1 ,k - ,b #c2 #c4 ,k - ,q #e1 ,k - ,k #b4 #ab ,if ,black _h play$ #c444,k - ,b #d1 !n ,:ite w\ld be =c$ to advance ! ,pawn to ,k #d1 s9ce he c\ld n advance 8 ,k+ )\t leav+ ,black ! opportunity to play ,k - ,k #e1 w9n+ ! ,pawn4 ,s9ce he has n done s1 x is bett] = ,:ite n to advance ! ,pawn yet1 s9ce its own safety does n require x1 b to try to br+ ! ,k+ /ill fur!r =w>d4 ,?us3 #d4 ,k - ,k #e1 ,k - ,q #b2 #e4 ,k - ,b #f1 ,k - ,k #a4 ,n[ ! ,:ite ,pawn is too f> back & x may be br\ght up )9 protection ( ! ,k+4 #f4 ,p - ,k #d1 ,k - ,q #b4 ,n[ x w\ld n d to play ,k - ,b #g1 because ,black w\ld play ,k - ,q #c1 & ,:ite w\ld h to br+ back 8 ,k+ to protect ! ,pawn4 ,!re=e he mu/ cont9ue4 #g4 ,p - ,k #e1 ,k - ,k #a4 ,_h he mov$ any:]e else1 ,:ite c\ld h play$ ,k - ,b #g1 foll[$ by ! advance ( ! ,pawn to ,k #f1 ,k #g1 ,k #h2 all ^! squ>es be+ protect$ by ! ,k+4 ,z ,black tries to prev5t t1 ,:ite mu/ n[ =ce him to move away1 at ! same "t always keep+ ! ,k+ 9 front ( ! ,pawn4 ,?us3 #h4 ,k - ,k #f4 ,p - ,k #f w\ld make x a draw1 z ,black w\ld !n play ,k - ,b1 & we w\ld h a position simil> to ! "o expla9$ 9 connection ) ,example #e4 #h444,k - ,b #a2 #i4 ,k - ,q #g4 #ac ,k+ moves & ! ,:ite ,pawn advances to ,k #h1 becomes a ,que51 & x is all ov]4 ,?is end+ is l ! previ\s "o1 & = ! same reasons %\ld be ?or\ghly und]/ood be=e proce$+ any fur!r4 99 99 99 99 99 #c4 ,,pawn ,,end+s ,i %all n[ give a c\ple ( simple end+s ( two ,pawns aga9/ "o1 or ?ree aga9/ two1 t ! read] may see h[ !y c be won4 ,few] explanations w be giv51 z x is up to ! /ud5t to "w ?+s out = himself4 ,fur!rmore1 nobody c le>n h[ to play well m]ely f ! /udy ( a book2 x c only s]ve z a guide & ! re/ mu/ be done by ! tea*]1 if ! /ud5t has "o2 if n1 ! /ud5t mu/ realise by long & bitt] exp]i5ce ! practical application ( ! _m ?+s expla9$ 9 ! book4 ,,example #g4 ,illu/ration #ad ,9 ?is position ,:ite _c w9 by play+ #a ,p - ,b #f1 because ,black plays1 n ,p x ,p1 :i* w\ld lose1 b #a444,k - ,kt #a1 & if !n #b ,p x ,p1 ,k x ,p1 & draws1 z %[n 9 a previ\s case4 ,if #b ,p - ,b #g *1 ,k - ,b #a1 & ,:ite w nev] be able to ,que5 8 ,pawn )\t los+ x4 ,if #b ,k - ,k #g1 ,p x ,p2 #c ,k x ,p1 ,k - ,b #a1 & draws4 ,:ite1 h[ev]1 c w9 ! position giv5 9 ! diagram by play+3 #a ,k - ,q #g1 ,k - ,kt #a2 #b ,k - ,k #g1 ,k - ,r #a2 #c ,p - ,b #f1 ,p x ,p4 ,if #c444,k - ,kt #a2 #d ,p - ,b #g *1 ,k - ,r #a2 #e ,p - ,b #h 7,q7 mate4 #d ,k - ,b #g1 ,p - ,b #d2 #e ,p - ,kt #g *1 ,k - ,r #b2 #f ,p - ,kt #h 7,q7 *1 ,k - ,r #c2 #g ,q - ,kt #f mate4 ,illu/ration ,,example #h4--;,9 ! above position ,:ite c't w9 by #a ,p - ,b #e4 ,black's be/ answ] w\ld be ,p - ,kt #c draws4 7,! /ud5t %\ld "w ?is out47 ,he _c w9 by #a ,p - ,kt #e1 because ,p - ,kt #c draws4 7,?is1 because ( ! pr9ciple ( ! opposition #ae :i* gov]ns ?is end+ z well z all ! ,pawn-end+s already giv51 & :i* w be expla9$ m fully lat] on47 ,:ite c w91 h[ev]1 by play+3 #a ,k - ,k #d1 ,k - ,k #c4 7,if #a444,p - ,kt #c2 #b ,k - ,q #d1 ,k - ,k #c2 #c ,k - ,b #e1 ,k - ,b #c2 #d ,k - ,q #f1 ,k - ,b #b2 #e ,p - ,kt #e1 ,k - ,kt #b2 #f ,k - ,k #g1 ,k - ,kt #a2 #g ,k - ,b #f1 ,k - ,r #b2 #h ,k - ,b #g & ,:ite w9s ! ,pawn47 #b ,p - ,b #e *1 ,k - ,b #c2 #c ,k - ,b #d1 ,p - ,kt #c4 7,if ?is ,pawn is kept back we arrive at ! end+ %[n 9 ,example #g47 #d ,p - ,kt #e *1 ,k - ,b #b2 #e ,p - ,b #f1 ,k - ,k #c2 #f ,k - ,k #d1 ,k - ,b #b2 #g ,k - ,k #e1 ,k - ,b #a4 ,:ite _c =ce 8 ,bi%op's ,pawn into ,q 7f9d out :y71 b by giv+ 8 ,pawn up he c w9 ! o!r ,pawn & ! game4 ,?us3 #h ,p - ,b #g1 ,k x ,p2 #i ,k - ,q #f1 ,k - ,b #a2 #aj ,k - ,k #f1 ,k - ,kt #b2 #aa ,k - ,k #g1 ,k - ,kt #a2 #ab ,k - ,b #f1 ,k - ,r #b2 #ac ,k - ,b #g1 ,k - ,r #a2 #ad ,k x ,p 1 ,k - ,kt #a4 ,!re is /ill "s resi/ance 9 ,black's position4 ,9 fact1 ! only way to w9 is ! "o giv5 "h1 z w easily be se5 by exp]im5t4 #ae ,k - ,r #f 7if ,k - ,b #f1 ,k - ,r #b2 & 9 ord] to w9 ,:ite mu/ get back to ! actual position1 z aga9/ #af ,p - ,kt #f *1 ,k - ,r #a draws71 ,k - ,r #a2 #af ,p - ,kt #f1 ,k - ,kt #a2 #ag ,p - ,kt #g1 ,k - ,b #b2 #ah ,k - ,r #g1 & ,:ite que5s ! ,pawn & w9s4 ,?is end+1 app>5tly s simple1 %\ld %[ ! /ud5t ! enorm\s difficulties to be surm\nt$1 #af ev5 :5 !re are h>dly any pieces left1 :5 play+ aga9/ an adv]s>y :o kn[s h[ to use ! res\rces at 8 disposal1 & x %\ld %[ ! /ud5t1 also1 ! necessity ( pay+ /rict att5tion to ^! elem5t>y ?+s :i* =m ! basis ( true ma/]%ip 9 ,*ess4 ,,example #i4--;,9 ?is end+ ,illu/ration ,:ite c w9 by advanc+ any ( ! ?ree ,pawns on ! fir/ move1 b x is conv5i5t to foll[ ! g5]al rule1 :5ev] !re is no good reason aga9/ x1 ( advanc+ ! ,pawn t has no ,pawn oppos+ x4 ,?us we beg9 by-- #a4 ,p - ,b #e1 ,k - ,k #b4 ,if ,p - ,kt #c1 ,p - ,b #f2 & we h a simil> end+ to "o ( ^? %[n above4 ,if #a444,p - ,r #c2 #b ,p - ,kt #e4 #b4 ,k - ,k #e1 ,k - ,b #b2 #c4 ,p - ,kt #e1 ,k - ,k #b4 #ag ,if #c444,p - ,kt #c2 #d ,p - ,b #f1 & if #c444,p - ,r #c2 #d ,p - ,kt #f *1 & 9 ei!r case we h a simil> end+ to "o ( ^? already %[n4 #d4 ,p - ,r #e1 & by foll[+ x up ) ,p - ,kt #f we h ! same end+ previ\sly %[n4 ,%\ld ,black play #d444,p - ,kt #c1 !n ,r ,p x ,p1 ,p x ,p2 ,p - ,b #f * ) ! same result4 ,hav+ n[ se5 ! cases :5 ! ,pawns are all on "o side ( ! bo>d we %all n[ exam9e a case :5 !re are ,pawns on bo? sides ( ! bo>d4 ,,example #aj4--;,9 ^! cases ! g5]al rule is to act imm$iately on ! side :]e y h ! sup]ior =ces4 ,?us we h3 ,illu/ration #a4 ,p - ,k ,kt #d4 #ah ,x is g5]ally advisable to advance ! ,pawn t is free f opposition4 #a4 44444444 ,p - ,q ,r #d4 ,black makes an advance on ! o!r side1 & n[ ,:ite consid]s :e!r or n he %\ld /op ! advance4 ,9 ?is case ei!r way w9s1 b g5]ally ! advance %\ld be /opp$ :5 ! oppos+ ,k+ is f> away4 #b4 ,p - ,q ,r #d1 ,k - ,b #c2 #c4 ,p - ,r #d1 ,k - ,k #c4 ,if #c444,k - ,kt #c1 !n simple c\nt+ w %[ t ,:ite goes to ! o!r side ) 8 ,k+1 w9s ! ,p at ,q ,r #d1 & !n ,que5s 8 s+le ,pawn long be=e ,black c d ! same4 #d4 ,p - ,kt #e1 ,k - ,b #b2 #e4 ,k - ,b #e1 ,k - ,kt #b2 #f4 ,p - ,r #e1 ,k - ,b #b4 ,if #f444,p - ,r #c2 #g ,p - ,kt #f1 & !n ! two ,pawns def5d !mselves & ,:ite c g to ! o!r side ) 8 ,k+1 to w9 ! o!r ,pawn4 #g4 ,k - ,k #e4 ,n[ x is "t to g to ! o!r side ) ! ,k+1 w9 ! ,black ,pawn & ,que5 ! s+le ,pawn4 ,?is is typical ( all su* end+s & %\ld be work$ out by ! /ud5t 9 ?is case & 9 simil> cases :i* he c put up4 #ai 99 99 99 99 99 #d4 ,,"s ,,w9n+ ,,positions ,,9 ,,! ,,middle-,,game ,by ! "t ! /ud5t has dige/$ all t has be5 previ\sly expla9$1 he1 no d\bt1 is anxi\s to get to ! actual game & play ) all ! pieces4 ,h[ev]1 be=e consid]+ ! op5+s1 we %all devote a little "t to "s comb9ations t (t5 arise dur+ ! game1 & :i* w give ! read] "s idea ( ! beauty ( ! game1 once he becomes bett] acqua9t$ ) x4 ,,example #aa4 ,illu/ration ,x is ,black's move1 & ?9k+ t ,:ite m]ely ?reat5s to play ,q - ,r #f & to mate at ,k ,kt #g1 ,black plays #a 444 ,r - ,k #a1 ?reat5+ mate by way ( ,r - ,k #h4 ,:ite n[ uncov]s 8 real & mo/ effective ?reat1 viz43 #a 444 ,r - ,k #a2 #b ,q x ,p *1 ,k x ,q2 #c ,r - ,r #c *1 ,k - ,kt #a2 #d ,r - ,r #h mate4 #bj ,?is same type ( comb9ation may come z ! result ( a some:at m complicat$ position4 ,,example #ab4 ,illu/ration ,:ite is a piece beh9d1 & unless he c w9 x back quickly he w lose2 he !re=e plays3 #a4 ,kt x ,kt ,b - ,kt #d ,he _c take ! ,kt because ,:ite ?reat5s mate by ,q x ,p * foll[$ by ,r - ,r #c *4 #b4 ,kt - ,k #g * ,q x ,kt ,aga9 if ,b x ,kt2 ,q x ,p *1 ,k x ,q2 ,r - ,r #c *1 ,k+ moves2 ,r - ,r #h mate4 #c4 ,r x ,q ,b x ,r #d4 ,q - ,q #g & ,:ite w9s "o ( ! two ,bi%ops1 rema9s ) a ,q & a ,b aga9/ a ,r & ,b1 & %\ld !re=e w9 easily4 ,^! two examples %[ ! #ba dang] ( advanc+ ! ,k ,kt ,p "o squ>e1 aft] hav+ ,ca/l$ on t side4 ,,example #ac4 ,illu/ration ,?is is ano!r v int]e/+ type ( comb9ation4 ,black has a ,r = a ,kt & %\ld !re=e w91 unless ,:ite is able to obta9 "s comp5sation imm$iately4 ,:ite1 9 fact1 mates 9 a few moves ?us3 #a4 ,kt - ,b #f * ,p x ,kt ,=c$1 o!rwise ,q ,x ,p mates4 #b4 ,q - ,kt #c * ,k - ,r #a #c4 ,b x ,p mate4 ,,example #ad4--,! same type ( comb9ation occurs 9 a m complicat$ =m 9 ! foll[+ position4 #bb ,illu/ration #a4 ,b x ,kt ,q x ,b4 ,if 444,b x ,kt2 ,q - ,b #c ?reat5s mate1 & !re=e w9s ! ,q1 :i* is already attack$4 #b4 ,kt - ,b #f * ,p x ,kt #c4 ,r - ,kt #c * ,k - ,r #a #d4 ,b x ,p mate4 ,,example #ae4--;,a v frequ5t type ( comb9ation is %[n 9 ! foll[+ position4 ,illu/ration #bc ,"h ,:ite is ! ex*ange & a ,pawn beh9d1 b he c w9 quickly ?us3 #a ,b x ,p *1 ,k x ,b4 7,if #a444,k - ,r #a2 #b ,q - ,k ,r #e1 ,p - ,k ,kt #c2 #c ,q - ,r #f1 & w9s47 #b ,q - ,r #e *1 ,k - ,kt #a2 #c ,kt - ,kt #e1 & ,black _c /op mate at ,k ,r #g except by sacrific+ ! ,que5 by ,q - ,k #e1 :i* w\ld leave ,:ite ) a ,q = a ,r4 ,,example #af4--,?is same type ( comb9ation is se5 9 a m complicat$ =m 9 ! foll[+ position4 ,illu/ration ,:ite proce$s z foll[s3 #a ,kt x ,kt * 7?is cle>s ! l9e = ! ,b72 ,b x ,kt 7to /op ! ,kt f mov+ to ,kt #e aft] ! sacrifice ( ! ,b72 #b ,r x ,b1 ,kt x ,r be/2 #c ,b x ,p *1 ,k x ,b4 7,if #c44,k - ,r #a2 #d ,q - ,r #e1 ,p - ,k ,kt #c2 #e ,b x ,p *1 ,k - ,kt #b2 #f ,q - ,r #g *1 ,k - ,b #c2 #g ,p - ,kt #e *1 ,k - ,k #c2 #h ,b x ,p *1 ,r x ,b2 #i ,q - ,k #d mate47 #d ,q - ,r #e *1 ,k - ,kt #a2 #e ,kt - ,kt #e1 ,r - ,b #a2 #bd #f ,q - ,r #g *1 ,k - ,b #a2 #g ,q - ,r #h *1 ,kt - ,kt #a2 #h ,kt - ,r #g *1 ,k - ,k #b2 #i ,r - ,k #a *1 ,k - ,q #a2 #aj ,q x ,kt mate4 ,?is comb9ation is r long & has _m v>iations1 !re=e a beg9n] w h>dly be able to fa?om x2 b1 kn[+ ! type ( comb9ation1 he might "u simil> circum/ances und]take & c>ry out a brilliant attack :i* he w\ld o!rwise nev] ?9k (4 ,x w be se5 t all ! comb9ations %[n h = a f\ndation ! prop] co-ord9ation ( ! pieces1 :i* h all be5 br\ght to be> aga9/ a weak po9t4 99 99 99 99 99 #e4 ,,relative ,,value ,,( ,,! ,,pieces ,be=e go+ on to ! g5]al pr9ciples ( ! op5+s1 x is advisable to give ! /ud5t an idea ( ! prop] relative value ( ! pieces4 ,!re is no complete & accurate table = all ( !m1 & ! only ?+ to d is to comp>e ! pieces sep>ately4 ,= all g5]al !oretical purposes ! ,bi%op & ! ,knight h to be consid]$ z ( ! same value1 ?\gh x is my op9ion t ! ,bi%op w prove ! m valuable piece 9 mo/ cases2 & x is well kn[n t two ,bi%ops are almo/ always bett] ?an two ,knights4 ,! ,bi%op w be /rong] aga9/ ,pawns ?an ! ,knight1 & 9 comb9ation ) ,pawns w also be /rong] aga9/ ! ,rook ?an ! ,knight w be4 #be ,a ,bi%op & a ,rook are also /rong] ?an a ,knight & a ,rook1 b a ,que5 & a ,knight may be /rong] ?an a ,que5 & a ,bi%op4 ,a ,bi%op w (t5 be wor? m ?an ?ree ,pawns1 b a ,knight v seldom s1 & may ev5 n be wor? s mu*4 ,a ,rook w be wor? a ,knight & two ,pawns1 or a ,bi%op & two ,pawns1 b1 z said be=e1 ! ,bi%op w be a bett] piece aga9/ ! ,rook4 ,two ,rooks are slightly /rong] ?an a ,que54 ,!y are slightly weak] ?an two ,knights & a ,bi%op1 & a little m s ?an two ,bi%ops & a ,knight4 ,! p[] ( ! ,knight decreases z ! pieces are *ang$ (f4 ,! p[] ( ! ,rook1 on ! contr>y1 increases4 ,! ,k+1 a purely def5sive piece ?r\gh\t ! middle-game1 becomes an (f5sive piece once all ! pieces are (f ! bo>d1 & sometimes ev5 :5 !re are "o or two m9or pieces left4 ,! h&l+ ( ! ,k+ becomes ( p>am\nt importance once ! end-game /age is rea*$4 99 99 99 99 99 #f4 ,,g5]al ,,/rategy ,,( ,,! ,,op5+ ,! ma9 ?+ is to develop ! pieces quickly4 ,get !m into play z fa/ z y c4 ,f ! outset two moves1 #a ,p - ,k #d or #a ,p - ,q #d1 op5 up l9es = ! ,que5 & a ,bi%op4 ,!re=e1 !oretically "o ( ^! two moves mu/ be ! be/1 z no o!r fir/ move accompli%es s mu*4 #bf ,,example #ag4--,suppose we beg93 #a4 ,p - ,k #d ,p - ,k #d #b4 ,kt - ,k ,b #c ,?is is bo? an attack+ & a develop+ move4 ,black c n[ ei!r reply ) ! id5tical move or play #b4 44444444 ,kt - ,q ,b #c ,?is develop+ move at ! same "t def5ds ! ,k+'s ,pawn4 #c4 ,kt - ,b #c ,kt - ,b #c ,^! moves are ( a purely develop+ nature4 #d4 ,b - ,kt #e ,x is g5]ally advisable n to br+ ?is ,bi%op out until "o ,knight is out1 pref]ably ! ,k+'s ,knight4 ,! ,bi%op c\ld also h be5 play$ to ,b #d1 b x is advisable :5ev] possible to comb9e developm5t & attack4 #d4 44444444 ,b - ,kt #e ,black replies 9 ! same mann]1 ?reat5+ a possible ex*ange ( ,bi%op = ,knight ) ,kt x ,p to foll[4 #e4 ,o - ,o an indirect way ( prev5t+ #e444;,b x ,kt1 :i* m exp]i5ce or /udy w %[ to be bad4 ,at ! same "t ! ,rook is br\ght into action 9 ! c5tre1 a v important po9t4 #bg #e4 44444444 ,o - ,o ,black foll[s ! same l9e ( reason+4 #f4 ,p - ,q #c ,p - ,q #c ,^! moves h a two-fold object1 viz43 to protect ! ,k+'s ,pawn & to op5 ! diagonal = ! developm5t ( ! ,que5's ,bi%op4 #g4 ,b - ,kt #e ,illu/ration ,a v p[]ful move1 :i* br+s u to ! middle-game /age1 z !re is already 9 view a comb9ation to w9 quickly by ,kt - ,q #e4 ,?is ?reat makes x impossible = ,black to cont9ue ! same c\rse4 7,!re is a long analysis %[+ t ,black %\ld lose if he also plays ,b - ,kt #e47 ,he is n[ =c$ to play #g444;,b x ,kt1 z exp]i5ce has %[n1 ?us br++ up to notice ?ree ?+s4 ,fir/1 ! complete developm5t ( ! op5+ has tak5 only sev5 moves4 7,?is v>ies up to t5 or twelve moves 9 "s v exceptional cases4 ,z a rule1 eight %\ld be en\gh47 ,second1 ,black has #bh be5 compell$ to ex*ange a ,bi%op = a ,knight1 b z a comp5sation he has isolat$ ,:ite's ,q ,r ,p & d\bl$ a ,pawn4 7,?is1 at su* an e>ly /age ( ! game1 is r an advantage = ,:ite1 z ! ,pawn is d\bl$ t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! bo>d47 ,?ird1 ,:ite by ! ex*ange br+s up a ,pawn to control ! squ>e ,q #d1 puts ,black on ! def5sive1 z exp]i5ce w %[1 & ?us keeps ! initiative1 an unque/ionable advantage4#a ,! /rategical pr9ciples exp\nd$ above are ! same = all ! op5+s1 only _! tactical application v>ies accord+ to ! circum/ances4 ,be=e proce$+ fur!r ,i wi% to lay /ress on ! foll[+ po9t :i* ! /ud5t %\ld be> 9 m9d4 ,be=e developm5t has be5 complet$ no piece %\ld be mov$ m ?an once1 unless x is ess5tial 9 ord] to obta9 ei!r mat]ial advantage or to secure fre$om ( action4 ,! beg9n] w\ld d well to rememb] ?is1 z well z :at has already be5 /at$3 viz41 br+ out ! ,knights be=e br++ out ! ,bi%ops4 99 99 99 99 99 #g4 ,,control ,,( ,,! ,,c5tre ,! f\r squ>es1 ,k #d & ,q #d on ea* side respectively1 are ! c5tre squ>es1 & control ( ^! squ>es is call$ control ( ! c5tre4 ,! control ( ! c5tre is ( great importance4 ,no viol5t attack c succe$ )\t controll+ at lea/ two ( ^! #bi squ>es1 & possibly ?ree4 ,_m a manoeuvre 9 ! op5+ has = its sole object ! control ( ! c5tre1 :i* inv>iably ensures ! initiative4 ,x is well always to be> ?is 9 m9d1 s9ce x w (t5 be ! reason ( a s]ies ( moves :i* c\ld n o!rwise be prop]ly und]/ood4 ,z ?is book progresses ,i %all dwell m fully on ^! diff]5t po9ts4 ,at pres5t ,i %all devote "s "t to op5+s tak5 at r&om & expla9 ! moves accord+ to g5]al pr9ciples4 ,! /ud5t w 9 t way tra9 8 m9d 9 ! prop] direction1 & w ?us h less tr\ble 9 f9d+ a way out :5 confront$ ) a new & difficult situation4 ,,example #ah4 #a4 ,p - ,k #d ,p - ,k #d #b4 ,kt - ,k ,b #c ,p - ,q #c ,a timid move4 ,black assumes a def5sive attitude at once4 ,on pr9ciple ! move is wrong4 ,9 ! op5+s1 :5ev] possible1 pieces %\ld be mov$ 9 pref]5ce to ,pawns4 #c4 ,p - ,q #d ,:ite takes ! (f5sive imm$iately & /rives to control ! c5tre s z to h ample room to deploy 8 =ces4 #c4 44444444 ,kt - ,q #b ,black does n wi% to rel9qui% ! c5tre & also pref]s ! text move to ,kt - ,q ,b #c1 :i* w\ld be ! m natural squ>e = ! ,kt4 ,b on #cj pr9ciple ! move is wrong1 because x blocks ! action ( ! ,que5's ,bi%op1 & in/ead ( facilitat+ ! action ( ,black's pieces1 t5ds1 on ! contr>y1 to cramp !m4 #d4 ,b - ,q ,b #d ,p - ,k ,r #c ,black is =c$ to pay ! p5alty ( 8 previ\s move4 ,su* a move on ,black's "p condemns by itself any =m ( op5+ t makes x necess>y4 ,:ite ?reat5$ ,kt - ,kt #e & ,black c\ld n /op x ) #d444;,b - ,k #b1 because ( #e ,p x ,p1 ,kt x ,p 7if #e444,p x ,p1 #f ,q - ,q #e72 #f ,kt x ,kt1 ,p x ,kt2 #g ,q - ,r #e1 & ,:ite w9s a ,pawn & has besides a p]fectly safe position4 #e4 ,kt - ,b #c ,k ,kt - ,b #c #f4 ,b - ,k #c ,b - ,k #b #g4 ,q - ,k #b ,x %\ld be notic$ t ,:ite does n ,ca/le yet4 ,! reason is t he wants to deploy 8 =ces fir/1 & ?r\gh ! la/ move =ce ,black to play ,p - ,q ,b #c to make room = ! ,que5 z ,:ite ?reat5s ,r - ,q #a1 to be foll[$ by ,p x ,p4 ,black's o!r alt]natives w\ld f9ally =ce him to play ,p x ,p1 ?us ab&on+ ! c5tre to ,:ite4 #g4 44444444 ,p - ,b #c #h4 ,r - ,q #a ,q - ,b #b #i4 ,o - ,o ,) ?is la/ move ,:ite completes 8 developm5t1 :ile ,black is evid5tly some:at hamp]$4 ,a simple exam9ation w suffice to %[ t ,:ite's position #ca is unassailable4 ,!re are no weak spots 9 8 arm\r1 & 8 pieces are ready = any manoeuvre t he may wi% to c>ry out 9 ord] to beg9 ! attack on ! enemy's position4 ,! /ud5t %\ld c>efully /udy ?is example4 ,x w %[ him t x is sometimes conv5i5t to delay ,ca/l+4 ,i h giv5 ! moves z !y come to my m9d )\t foll[+ any /&>d book on op5+s4 ,:e!r ! moves giv5 by me agree or n ) ! /&>d works1 ,i d n "k1 b at ! pres5t /age ( ?is book x is n conv5i5t to ent] into discussions ( m]e te*nicalities :i* ! /ud5t w be able to und]/& :5 he has become m pr(ici5t4 ,,example #ai4 #a4 ,p - ,k #d ,p - ,k #d #b4 ,kt - ,k ,b #c ,p - ,q #c #c4 ,p - ,q #d ,b - ,kt #e ,a bad move1 :i* violates "o ( ! pr9ciples set d[n1 accord+ to :i* at lea/ "o ,knight %\ld be develop$ be=e ! ,bi%ops are br\ght out1 & also because x ex*anges a ,bi%op = a ,knight1 :i* 9 ! op5+ is g5]ally bad1 unless !re is "s comp5sation4 #d4 ,p x ,p ,b x ,kt #d444,p x ,p loses a ,pawn4 #e4 ,q x ,b ,p x ,p #f4 ,b - ,q ,b #d ,q - ,b #c ,if ,kt - ,b #c2 ,q - ,q ,kt #c w9s a ,pawn4 #cb _/99 #g4 ,q - ,q ,kt #c ,p - ,q ,kt #c #h4 ,kt - ,b #c ,p - ,q ,b #c 99_/ ,to prev5t ,kt - ,q #e4 ,illu/ration ,black1 h[ev]1 has no pieces out except 8 ,que51 & ,:ite1 ) a ,bi%op & a ,knight already develop$1 has a *ance ( obta9+ an advantage quickly by play+ ,kt - ,q #e anyway4 ,! /ud5t is left to "w out ! _m v>iations aris+ f ?is position4 ,^! examples w %[ ! practical application ( ! pr9ciples previ\sly enunciat$4 ,! /ud5t is w>n$ aga9/ play+ ,pawns 9 pref]5ce to pieces at ! beg9n+ ( ! game1 especially ,p - ,k ,r #c & ,p - ,q ,r #c1 :i* are moves v commonly indulg$ 9 by beg9n]s4 99 99 99 99 99 #h4 ,,traps ,i %all n[ give a few positions or traps to be avoid$ 9 ! op5+s1 & 9 :i* 7practice has %[n7 beg9n]s are (t5 caught4 #cc ,,example #bj4 ,illu/ration ,:ite plays3 #a4 ,p x ,p ,kt x ,p ,black %\ld h recaptur$ ) ! ,pawn4 #b4 ,kt x ,kt ,b x ,q #c4 ,b x ,p * ,k - ,k #b #d4 ,kt - ,q #e mate4 ,,example #ba4 ,illu/ration #cd ,black1 hav+ ! move1 %\ld play ,p - ,k #c4 ,b suppose he plays ,kt - ,k ,b #c in/ead1 !n comes-- #a4 ,b x ,p * ,kt - ,k #e w\ld also give ,:ite ! advantage1 ! ?reat be+ ( c\rse if ,b x ,q2 #b ,b x ,p mate4 ,nor does ,b - ,r #e help matt]s1 because ( #b ,q x ,b1 #a444 ,b - ,k #c leaves ,black ) ! inf]ior position4 ,b ,:ite's move 9 ! text secures an imm$iate mat]ial advantage1 & ! beg9n] at any rate %\ld nev] miss su* an opportunity = ! sake ( a speculative advantage 9 position4 #a4 44444444 ,k x ,b #b4 ,kt - ,k #e * ,k moves #c4 ,kt x ,b & ,:ite has won a ,pawn besides hav+ ! bett] position4 ,!re are a good _m o!r traps--9 fact1 !re is a book writt5 on traps on ! *ess bo>d2 b ! type giv5 above is ! mo/ common ( all4 99 99 99 99 99 #ce ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,fur!r ,,pr9ciples ,,9 ,,end-,,game ,,play ,we %all n[ g back to ! end+s 9 se>* ( a few m pr9ciples1 !n aga9 to ! middle-game1 & f9ally to ! op5+s once m1 s t ! advance may n only be gradual b homog5e\s4 ,9 ?is way ! f\ndation on :i* we expect to build ! /ructure w be firm & solid4 #i4 ,a ,,c>d9al ,,pr9ciple ,illu/ration ,9 ! position %[n above1 ,:ite c draw by play+ ,p - ,kt #d accord+ to ! g5]al rule t gov]ns su* cases1 i4e4 to advance ! ,pawn t is free f opposition4 ,b suppose t ,:ite1 ei!r because he does n "k ?is pr9ciple or because he #cf does n1 9 ?is case1 suffici5tly appreciate ! value ( its application2 suppose1 we say1 t he plays #a ,p - ,q ,r #d4 ,!n ,black c w9 by play+ #a444 ,p - ,q ,r #d1 apply+ "o ( ! c>d9al pr9ciples ( ! high /rategy ( *ess-- ,a unit t holds two4 ,9 ?is case "o ,pawn w\ld hold two ( ! oppon5t's ,pawns4 ,! /ud5t _c lay too mu* /ress on ?is pr9ciple4 ,x c be appli$ 9 _m ways1 & x con/itutes "o ( ! pr9cipal weapons 9 ! h&s ( a ma/]4 ,,example #bb4--,! example giv5 %\ld be suffici5t pro(4 ,we give a few moves ( ! ma9 v>iation3-- #a4 ,p - ,r #d ,p - ,q ,r #d #b4 ,k - ,kt #b ,k - ,b #e 7,be/2 see :y47 #c4 ,p - ,kt #d ,p x ,p 7,be/47 #d4 ,p - ,r #e ,p - ,kt #f #e4 ,p - ,r #f ,p - ,kt #g #f4 ,p - ,r #g ,p - ,kt #h 7,q7 #g4 ,p - ,r #h 7,q7 ,q - ,k #e * #h4 ,q x ,q ,k x ,q ,?is br+s ! game to a position :i* is won by ,black1 & :i* con/itutes "o ( ! classical end+s ( ,k+ & ,pawns4 ,i %all try to expla9 ! guid+ idea ( x to ^? n famili> ) x4 #cg 99 99 99 99 99 #aj4 ,a ,,classical ,,end+ ,illu/ration ,,example #bc4--;,9 ?is position ,:ite's be/ l9e ( def5ce consi/s 9 keep+ 8 ,pawn :]e x /&s at ,r #b4 ,z soon z ! ,pawn is advanc$ x becomes easi] = ,black to w94 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,black's plan to w9 7suppos+ t ,:ite does n advance 8 ,pawn7 may be divid$ into ?ree p>ts4 ,! fir/ "p w be to get 8 ,k+ to ,k ,r #f1 at ! same "t keep+ intact ! position ( 8 ,pawns4 7,?is is all important1 s9ce1 9 ord] to w9 ! game1 x is ess5tial at ! end t ,black may be able to advance 8 re>mo/ ,pawn "o or two squ>es accord+ to ! position ( ! ,:ite ,k+47 #a4 ,k - ,kt #c ,k - ,k #f #b4 ,k - ,kt #b ,if #b ,k - ,kt #d1 ,k - ,b #g2 #c ,p - ,r #d1 ,p - ,kt #c w w94 #ch #b4 44444444 ,k - ,b #e #c4 ,k - ,b #b ,k - ,kt #e #d4 ,k - ,kt #b ,k - ,r #e #e4 ,k - ,kt #a ,k - ,r #f ,! fir/ "p has be5 complet$4 ,illu/ration ,! second "p w be %ort & w consi/ 9 advanc+ ! ,r ,p up ! ,k4 #f4 ,k - ,r #a ,p - ,r #d #g4 ,k - ,kt #a ,p - ,r #e ,?is ends ! second "p4 ,illu/ration #ci ,! ?ird "p w consi/ 9 tim+ ! advance ( ! ,kt ,p s z to play ,p - ,kt #f :5 ! ,:ite ,k+ is at ,r #a4 ,x n[ becomes evid5t h[ necess>y x is to be able to move ! ,kt ,p ei!r "o or two squ>es accord+ to ! position ( ! ,:ite ,k+1 z indicat$ previ\sly4#b ,9 ?is case1 z x is ,:ite's move1 ! ,pawn w be advanc$ two squ>es s9ce ! ,:ite ,k+ w be 9 ! corn]1 b if x 7 n[ ,black's move ! ,kt ,p %\ld only be advanc$ "o squ>e s9ce ! ,:ite ,k+ is at ,kt #a4 #h4 ,k - ,r #a ,p - ,kt #d #i4 ,k - ,kt #a ,p - ,kt #e #aj4 ,k - ,r #a ,p - ,kt #f #aa4 ,p x ,p ,if ,k - ,kt #a1 ,p - ,kt #g4 #aa4 44444444 ,p x ,p #ab4 ,k - ,kt #a ,p - ,kt #g #ac4 ,k - ,b #b ,k - ,r #g & w9s4 ,x is 9 ?is analytical way t ! /ud5t %\ld try to le>n4 ,he w ?us tra9 8 m9d to foll[ a logical sequ5ce 9 reason+ out any position4 ,?is example is excell5t tra9+1 s9ce x is easy to divide x into ?ree /ages & to expla9 ! ma9 po9t ( ea* "p4 ,! next subject we %all /udy is ! simple #dj opposition1 b be=e we devote our "t to x ,i wi% to call att5tion to two ?+s4 99 99 99 99 99 #aa4 ,,obta9+ ,a ,,pass$ ,,pawn ,:5 ?ree or m ,pawns are oppos$ to ea* o!r 9 "s su* position z ! "o 9 ,example #bd1 !re is always a *ance = "o side or ! o!r ( obta9+ a pass$ ,pawn4 ,illu/ration ,,example #bd4--;,9 ! above position ! way ( obta9+ a pass$ ,pawn is to advance ! c5tre ,pawn4 #a4 ,p - ,kt #f ,r ,p x ,p ,if ,b ,p x ,p2 ,p - ,r #f1 #b4 ,p - ,b #f ,p x ,b ,p #c4 ,p - ,r #f & z 9 ?is case ! ,:ite ,pawn is ne>] to ,que5 ?an any ( ! ,black ,pawns1 ,:ite w #da w94 ,n[ if x _h be5 ,black's move ,black c\ld play #a4 44444444 ,p - ,kt #c #b4 ,b ,p x ,p ,b ,p x ,p ,x w\ld n be advisable to try to obta9 a pass$ ,pawn because ! ,:ite ,pawns w\ld be ne>] to ,que5 ?an ! s+le ,black ,pawn4 #c4 ,p x ,p ,p x ,p & ! game prop]ly play$ w\ld be a draw4 ,! /ud5t %\ld "w ?is out = himself4 99 99 99 99 99 #ab4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,f9d ,,out ,,:i* ,,pawn ,,w ,,be ,,fir/ ,,to ,,que5 ,:5 two ,pawns are free1 or w be free1 to advance to ,que51 y c f9d out1 by c\nt+1 :i* ,pawn w be ! fir/ to succe$4 ,,example #be4--;,9 ?is position :oev] moves fir/ w9s4 ,illu/ration #db ,! fir/ ?+ is to f9d out1 by c\nt+1 :e!r ! oppos+ ,k+ c be 9 "t to /op ! pass$ ,pawn f ,que5+4 ,:51 z 9 ?is case1 x _c be done1 ! po9t is to c\nt :i* ,pawn comes 9 fir/4 ,9 ?is case ! "t is ! same1 b ! ,pawn t rea*es ! eigh? squ>e fir/ & becomes a ,que5 is 9 a position to capture ! adv]s>y's ,que5 :5 he makes "o4 ,?us3 #a4 ,p - ,r #d ,p - ,k ,r #d #b4 ,p - ,r #e ,p - ,r #e #c4 ,p - ,kt #f ,p x ,p ,n[ comes a little calculation4 ,:ite c capture ! ,pawn1 b if he does s1 he w n1 :5 ,que5+1 comm& ! squ>e :]e ,black w also ,que5 8 ,pawn4 ,!re=e1 in/ead ( tak+1 he plays3 #d4 ,p - ,r #f ,p - ,r #f #e4 ,p - ,r #g ,p - ,r #g #f4 ,p - ,r #h 7,q71 & w9s4 ,! /ud5t w\ld d well to acqua9t himself ) v>i\s simple end+s ( ?is sort1 s z to acquire ! habit ( c\nt+1 & ?us be able to "k ) ease :5 he c or _c get !re fir/4 ,once aga9 ,i mu/ call att5tion to ! fact t a book _c by itself tea* h[ to play4 ,x c only s]ve z a guide1 & ! re/ mu/ be le>n$ by exp]i5ce1 & if a tea*] c be _h at ! same "t1 s mu* ! fa/] w ! /ud5t be able to le>n4 #dc 99 99 99 99 99 #ac4 ,,! ,,opposition ,:5 ,k+s h to be mov$1 & "o play] c1 by =ce1 br+ 8 ,k+ into a position simil> to ! "o %[n 9 ! foll[+ diagram1 s t 8 adv]s>y is =c$ to move & make way = him1 ! play] obta9+ t advantage is said to h ! opposition4 ,illu/ration ,,example #bf4--,suppose 9 ! above position ,:ite plays #a4 ,k - ,q #d ,n[ ,black has ! option ( ei!r oppos+ ! passage ( ! ,:ite ,k+ by play+ ,k - ,q #c or1 if he pref]s1 he c pass ) 8 own ,k+ by reply+ ,k - ,b #d4 ,notice t ! ,k+s are directly oppos$ to ea* o!r1 & ! numb] ( int]v5+ squ>es betwe5 !m is odd--"o 9 ?is case4 ,! opposition c take ! =m %[n above1 #dd :i* c be call$ actual or close frontal opposition2 or ?is =m3 ,illu/ration :i* c be call$ actual or close diagonal opposition1 or1 aga91 ?is =m3 ,illu/ration :i* c be call$ actual or close lat]al opposition4 ,9 practice !y are all "o & ! same4 ,! ,k+s are always on squ>es ( ! same col\r1 !re is only "o int]v5+ squ>e betwe5 ! ,k+s1 & ! play] :o has mov$ la/ has ! opposition4 #de ,n[1 if ! /ud5t w take ! tr\ble ( mov+ ea* ,k+ backw>ds z 9 a game 9 ! same frontal1 diagonal or lat]al l9e respectively %[n 9 ! diagrams1 we %all h :at may be call$ di/ant frontal1 diagonal & lat]al opposition respectively4 ,! matt] ( ! opposition is highly important1 & takes at times some:at complicat$ =ms1 all ( :i* c be solv$ ma!matically2 b1 = ! pres5t1 ! /ud5t %\ld only consid] ! mo/ simple =ms4 7,an exam9ation ( "s ( ! examples ( ,k+ & ,pawns end+s already giv5 w %[ sev]al cases ( close opposition47 ,9 all simple =ms ( opposition1 :5 ! ,k+s are on ! same l9e & ! numb] ( int]v5+ squ>es betwe5 !m is ev51 ! play] :o has ! move has ! opposition4 ,illu/ration ,,example #bg4--,! above position %[s to advantage ! enorm\s value ( ! opposition4 ,! #df position is v simple4 ,v little is left on ! bo>d1 & ! position1 to a beg9n]1 probably looks absolutely ev54 ,x is n ! case1 h[ev]4 ,:oev] has ! move w9s4 ,notice t ! ,k+s are directly 9 front ( "o ano!r1 & t ! numb] ( int]v5+ squ>es is ev54 ,n[ z to ! proc$ure to w9 su* a position4 ,! prop] way to beg9 is to move /raight up4 ,?us3 #a4 ,k - ,k #b ,k - ,k #b #b4 ,k - ,k #c ,k - ,k #c #c4 ,k - ,k #d ,k - ,b #c ,n[ ,:ite c ex]cise ! option ( ei!r play+ ,k - ,q #e & ?us pass+ ) 8 ,k+1 or ( play+ ,k - ,b #d & prev5t ! ,black ,k+ f pass+1 !reby keep+ ! opposition4 ,m]e c\nt+ w %[ t ! =m] c\rse w only lead to a draw1 !re=e ,:ite takes ! latt] c\rse & plays3 #d4 ,k - ,b #d ,k - ,kt #c ,if #d444,k - ,k #c2 #e ,k - ,kt #e w w94 #e4 ,k - ,k #e ,k - ,kt #b ,n[ by c\nt+ x w be se5 t ,:ite w9s by captur+ ,black's ,knight ,pawn4 ,! process has be5 comp>atively simple 9 ! v>iation giv5 above1 b ,black has o!r l9es ( #dg def5ce m difficult to ov]come4 ,let u beg9 anew4 #a4 ,k - ,k #b ,k - ,q #a ,n[ if #b ,k - ,q #c1 ,k - ,q #b1 or if #b ,k - ,k #c1 ,k - ,k #b1 & ,black obta9s ! opposition 9 bo? cases4 7,:5 ! ,k+s are directly 9 front ( "o ano!r1 & ! numb] ( int]v5+ squ>es betwe5 ! ,k+s is odd1 ! play] :o has mov$ la/ has ! opposition47 ,n[ 9 ord] to w91 ! ,:ite ,k+ mu/ advance4 ,!re is only "o o!r squ>e :]e he c g1 ,b #c1 & t is ! "r place4 ,!re=e x is se5 t 9 su* cases :5 ! oppon5t makes a s-call$ wait+ move1 y mu/ advance1 leav+ a rank or file free betwe5 ! ,k+s4 ,!re=e we h-- #b4 ,k - ,b #c ,k - ,k #b ,n[1 x w\ld be bad to advance1 because !n ,black1 by br++ up 8 ,k+ 9 front ( y\r ,k+1 w\ld obta9 ! opposition4 ,x is ,:ite's turn to play a simil> move to ,black's fir/ move1 viz43 #c4 ,k - ,k #c :i* br+s ! position back to ! fir/ v>iation %[n4 ,! /ud5t w\ld d well to famili>ise himself ) ! h&l+ ( ! ,k+ 9 all examples ( opposition4 ,x (t5 means ! w9n+ or los+ ( a game4 #dh ,,example #bh4--,! foll[+ position is an excell5t pro( ( ! value ( ! opposition z a means ( def5ce4 ,illu/ration ,:ite is a ,pawn beh9d & app>5tly lo/1 yet he c manage to draw z foll[s3 #a4 ,k - ,r #a 6 ,! position ( ! ,pawns does n p]mit ,:ite to draw by means ( ! actual or close opposition1 h5ce he takes ! di/ant opposition3 9 effect if #a ,k - ,b #a 7actual or close opposition71 ,k - ,q #g2 #b ,k - ,b #b1 ,k - ,q #f & ,:ite _c cont9ue to keep ! lat]al opposition ess5tial to 8 safety1 because ( 8 own ,pawn at ,b #c4 ,on ! o!r h&1 aft] ! text move1 if #a4 44444444 ,k - ,q #g #b4 ,k - ,r #b ,k - ,q #f #c4 ,k - ,r #c 6 ,k - ,k #g #di #d4 ,k - ,kt #b ,k - ,k #f #e4 ,k - ,kt #c ,k - ,q #e #f4 ,k - ,kt #d attack+ ! ,pawn & =c+ ,black to play #f444 ,k - ,k #f :5 he c g back to ,kt #c z already %[n1 & always keep ! opposition4 ,go+ back to ! orig9al position1 if #a4 ,k - ,r #a ,p - ,kt #e ,:ite does n play ,p x ,p1 because ,p - ,k #e w w91 b plays3 #b4 ,k - ,kt #b ,k - ,q #g ,if #b444,p x ,p *2 #c ,k x ,p1 foll[$ by ,k - ,k #d1 w draw4 #c4 ,p x ,p ,p - ,k #e & m]e c\nt+ w %[ t bo? sides ,que51 draw+ ! game4 ,if ! /ud5t w n[ take ! tr\ble to g back to ! examples ( ,k+ & ,pawns :i* ,i h giv5 9 ?is book1#c he w realise t 9 all ( !m ! matt] ( ! opposition is ( p>am\nt importance2 z1 9 fact1 x is 9 ne>ly all end+s ( ,k+ & ,pawns1 except 9 su* cases :]e ! ,pawn-position 9 itself ensures ! w94 #ej 99 99 99 99 99 #ad4 ,,! ,,relative ,,value ,,( ,,knight ,,& ,,bi%op ,be=e turn+ our att5tion to ?is matt] x is well to /ate n[ t two ,knights alone _c mate1 b1 "u c]ta9 conditions ( c\rse1 !y c d s if ! oppon5t has "o or m ,pawns4 ,illu/ration ,,example #bi4--;,9 ! above position ,:ite _c w91 al?\gh ! ,black ,k+ is corn]$1 b 9 ! foll[+ position1 9 :i* ,black has a ,pawn1 ,illu/ration ,:ite w9s ) or )\t ! move4 ,?us3 #a4 ,kt - ,kt #f ,p - ,r #e #ea ,:ite _c take ! ,pawn because ! game w be drawn1 z expla9$ be=e4 #b4 ,kt - ,k #e ,p - ,r #f #c4 ,kt - ,b #f ,p - ,r #g #d4 ,kt - ,kt #e ,p - ,r #h 7,q7 #e4 ,kt - ,b #g mate ,! reason = ?is peculi>ity 9 *ess is evid5t4 ,:ite ) ! two ,knights c only /alemate ! ,k+1 unless ,black has a ,pawn :i* c be mov$4 ,,example #cj4--;,al?\gh he is a ,bi%op & a ,pawn ahead ! foll[+ position _c be won by ,:ite4 ,illu/ration ,x is ! greate/ weakness ( ! ,bi%op1 t :5 ! ,rook's ,pawn ,que5s on a squ>e ( opposite col\r & ! oppos+ ,k+ is 9 front ( ! ,pawn1 ! ,bi%op is absolutely wor?less4 ,all t ,black has to d is to keep mov+ 8 ,k+ close to ! corn] squ>e4 #eb ,illu/ration ,,example #ca4--;,9 ! above position ,:ite ) or )\t ! move c w94 ,take ! mo/ difficult v>iation4 #a4 44444444 ,k - ,r #g #b4 ,kt - ,kt #d * ,k - ,r #h #c4 ,k - ,b #a ,p - ,kt #d #d4 ,k - ,b #b ,p - ,r #g #e4 ,kt - ,k #c ,p - ,kt #e #f4 ,kt - ,b #a ,p - ,kt #f * #g4 ,kt x ,p mate ,n[ t we h se5 ^! exceptional cases1 we c analyse ! diff]5t m]its & ! relative value ( ! ,knight & ! ,bi%op4 ,x is g5]ally ?\ght by amateurs t ! ,knight is ! m valuable piece ( ! two1 ! *ief reason be+ t1 unlike ! ,bi%op1 ! ,knight c comm& bo? ,black & ,:ite squ>es4 ,h[ev]1 ! fact is g5]ally ov]look$ t ! ,knight1 at any "o "t1 #ec has ! *oice ( "o col\r only4 ,x takes mu* long] to br+ a ,knight f "o w+ to ! o!r4 ,also1 z %[n 9 ! foll[+ ,example1 a ,bi%op c /alemate a ,knight2 a complim5t :i* ! ,knight is unable to return4 ,,example #cb4 ,illu/ration ,! weak] ! play] ! m t]rible ! ,knight is to him1 b z a play] increases 9 /r5g? ! value ( ! ,bi%op becomes m evid5t to him1 & ( c\rse !re is1 or %\ld be1 a correspond+ decrease 9 8 e/imation ( ! value ( ! ,knight z comp>$ to ! ,bi%op4 ,9 ?is respect1 z 9 _m o!rs1 ! ma/]s ( to-day are f> ahead ( ! ma/]s ( =m] g5]ations4 ,:ile n s long ago "s ( ! v be/ among/ !m1 l ,pillsbury & ,t*igor91 pref]r$ ,knights to ,bi%ops1 !re is h>dly a ma/] ( to-day :o w\ld n completely agree ) ! /atem5ts made above4 #ed ,,example #cc4--,?is is ab\t ! only case :5 ! ,knight is m valuable ?an ! ,bi%op4 ,illu/ration ,x is :at is call$ a block position1 & all ! ,pawns are on "o side ( ! bo>d4 7,if !re 7 ,pawns on bo? sides ( ! bo>d !re w\ld be no advantage 9 hav+ a ,knight47 ,9 su* a position ,black has excell5t *ances ( w9n+4 ,( c\rse1 !re is an extra s\rce ( weakness = ,:ite 9 hav+ 8 ,pawns on ! same col\r-squ>es z 8 ,bi%op4 ,?is is a mi/ake (t5 made by play]s4 ,! prop] way1 g5]ally1 9 an end+1 is to h y\r ,pawns on squ>es ( opposite col\r to t ( y\r own ,bi%op4 ,:5 y h y\r ,pawns on squ>es ( ! same col\r ! action ( y\r own ,bi%op is limit$ by !m1 & consequ5tly ! value ( ! ,bi%op is dim9i%$1 s9ce ! value ( a piece c (t5 be measur$ by ! numb] ( squ>es x comm&s4 ,:ile on ?is subject1 ,i %all also call att5tion to ! #ee fact t x is g5]ally pref]able to keep y\r ,pawns on squ>es ( ! same col\r z t ( ! oppos+ ,bi%op1 p>ticul>ly if !y are pass$ ,pawns support$ by ! ,k+4 ,! pr9ciples might be /at$ ?us3 ,:5 ! oppon5t has a ,bi%op1 keep y\r ,pawns on squ>es ( ! same col\r z y\r oppon5t's ,bi%op4 ,:5ev] y h a ,bi%op1 :e!r ! oppon5t has also "o or n1 keep y\r ,pawns on squ>es ( ! opposite col\r to t ( y\r own ,bi%op4 ,naturally1 ^! pr9ciples h sometimes to be modifi$ to suit ! exig5cies ( ! position4 ,,example #cd4--;,9 ! foll[+ position ! ,pawns are on "o side ( ! bo>d1 & !re is no advantage 9 hav+ ei!r a ,knight or a ,bi%op4 ,! game %\ld surely end 9 a draw4 ,illu/ration #ef ,,example #ce4--,n[ let u add ?ree ,pawns on ea* side to ! above position1 s t !re are ,pawns on bo? sides ( ! bo>d4 ,illu/ration ,x is n[ pref]able to h ! ,bi%op1 ?\gh ! position1 if prop]ly play$ out1 %\ld end 9 a draw4 ,! advantage ( hav+ ! ,bi%op lies z mu* 9 its ability to comm&1 at long range1 bo? sides ( ! bo>d f a c5tral position z 9 its ability to move quickly f "o side ( ! bo>d to ! o!r4 ,illu/ration #eg ,,example #cf4--;,9 ! above position x is unque/ionably an advantage to h ! ,bi%op1 because1 al?\gh ea* play] has ! same numb] ( ,pawns1 !y are n balanc$ on ea* side ( ! bo>d4 ,?us1 on ! ,k+'s side1 ,:ite has ?ree to two1 :ile on ! ,que5's side x is ,black t has ?ree to two4 ,/ill1 ) prop] play1 ! game %\ld end 9 a draw1 ?\gh ,:ite has some:at bett] *ances4 ,illu/ration ,,example #cg4--;,"h is a position 9 :i* to h ! ,bi%op is a decid$ advantage1 s9ce n only are !re ,pawns on bo? sides ( ! bo>d1 b !re is a pass$ ,pawn 7,k ,r ,p = ,:ite1 ,q ,r ,p = ,black74 ,black %\ld h extreme difficulty 9 draw+ ?is position1 if he c d x at all4 #eh ,,example #ch4--;,aga9 ,black w\ld h great difficulty 9 draw+ ?is position4 ,illu/ration ,! /ud5t %\ld c>efully consid] ^! positions4 ,i hope t ! _m examples w help him to und]/&1 9 _! true value1 ! relative m]its ( ! ,knight & ,bi%op4 ,z to ! g5]al me?od ( proc$ure1 a tea*]1 or practical exp]i5ce1 w be be/4 ,i might say g5]ally1 h[ev]1 t ! prop] c\rse 9 ^! end+s1 z 9 all simil> end+s1 is3 ,advance ( ! ,k+ to ! c5tre ( ! bo>d or t[>ds ! pass$ ,pawns1 or ,pawns t are susceptible ( be+ attack$1 & rapid advance ( ! pass$ ,pawn or ,pawns z f> z is consi/5t ) _! safety4 ,to give a fix$ l9e ( play w\ld be folly4 ,ea* end+ is diff]5t1 & requires diff]5t h&l+1 accord+ to :at ! adv]s>y proposes to d4 ,calculation by visualis+ ! future positions is :at w c\nt4 #ei 99 99 99 99 99 #ae4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,mate ,,) ,a ,,knight ,,& ,a ,,bi%op ,n[1 be=e go+ back aga9 to ! middle-game & ! op5+s1 let u see h[ to mate ) ,knight & ,bi%op1 &1 !n1 h[ to w9 ) a ,que5 aga9/ a ,rook4 ,) a ,knight & a ,bi%op ! mate c only be giv5 9 ! corn]s ( ! same col\r z ! ,bi%op4 ,illu/ration ,,example #ci4--;,9 ?is example we mu/ mate ei!r at ,q ,r #a or ,k ,r #h4 ,! end+ c be divid$ into two p>ts4 ,"p "o consi/s 9 driv+ ! ,black ,k+ to ! la/ l9e4 ,we might beg91 z is g5]ally done 9 all su* cases1 by advanc+ ! ,k+ to ! c5tre ( ! bo>d3 #a4 ,k - ,k #b ,k - ,q #b ,black1 9 ord] to make x m difficult1 goes t[>ds ! :ite-squ>$ corn]3 #b4 ,k - ,q #c ,k - ,b #c #c4 ,b - ,b #d ,k - ,q #d #fj #d4 ,kt - ,k #b ,k - ,b #d #e4 ,kt - ,b #c ,k - ,kt #e #f4 ,k - ,q #d ,k - ,r #d #g4 ,k - ,b #e ,k - ,r #c #h4 ,k - ,b #f ,k - ,r #b #i4 ,kt - ,q #e ,k - ,r #a ,! fir/ "p is n[ ov]2 ! ,black ,k+ is 9 ! :ite-squ>$ corn]4 ,illu/ration ,! second & la/ "p w consi/ 9 driv+ ! ,black ,k+ n[ f ,q ,r #h to ,q ,r #a or ,k ,r #h 9 ord] to mate him4 ,q ,r #a w be ! quicke/ 9 ?is position4 #aj4 ,kt - ,kt #f * ,k - ,r #b #aa4 ,b - ,b #g ,k - ,r #c #ab4 ,b - ,kt #h ,k - ,r #d #ac4 ,kt - ,q #e ,k - ,r #e ,black tries to make = ,k ,r #a ) 8 ,k+4 ,:ite has two ways to prev5t t1 "o by #ad ,b - ,k #e1 #fa ,k - ,kt #f2 #ae ,kt - ,k #c1 & ! o!r :i* ,i give z ! text1 & :i* ,i consid] bett] = ! /ud5t to le>n1 because x is m me?odical & m 9 accord ) ! _s ( all ^! end+s1 by us+ ! ,k+ z mu* z possible4 #ad4 ,k - ,b #e 6 ,k - ,kt #f #ae4 ,kt - ,kt #d ,k - ,b #f #af4 ,b - ,b #d ,k - ,kt #f #ag4 ,b - ,k #e ,k - ,r #e #ah4 ,k - ,b #d ,k - ,r #d #ai4 ,b - ,b #g * ,k - ,r #e #bj4 ,kt - ,q #c ,k - ,r #f #ba4 ,b - ,kt #f ,k - ,r #e #bb4 ,kt - ,kt #b * ,k - ,r #f #bc4 ,k - ,b #c ,k - ,r #g #bd4 ,k - ,b #b ,k - ,r #f #be4 ,b - ,b #e * ,k - ,r #g #bf4 ,kt - ,q #c ,k - ,r #h #bg4 ,b - ,kt #d ,k - ,r #g #bh4 ,kt - ,b #a * ,k - ,r #h #bi4 ,b - ,b #c mate ,x w be se5 t ! end+ is r labori\s4 ,!re are two out/&+ features3 ! close foll[+ by ! ,k+1 & ! controll+ ( ! squ>es ( opposite col\r to ! ,bi%op by ! comb9$ action ( ! ,knight & ,k+4 ,! /ud5t w\ld d well to ex]cise himself me?odically 9 ?is end+1 z x gives a v good idea ( ! actual p[] ( ! pieces1 & x requires =esight 9 ord] to accompli% ! #fb mate )9 ! fifty moves :i* are grant$ by ! rules4 99 99 99 99 99 #af4 ,,que5 ,,aga9/ ,,rook ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ difficult end+s )\t ,pawns4 ,! res\rces ( ! def5ce are _m1 & :5 us$ skilfully only a v good play] w prevail )9 ! limit ( fifty moves all[$ by ! rules4 7,! rule is t at any mom5t y may dem& t y\r oppon5t mate y )9 fifty moves4 ,h[ev]1 e "t a piece is ex*ang$ or a ,pawn advanc$ ! c\nt+ mu/ beg9 afre%47 ,illu/ration ,,example #dj4--,?is is "o ( ! /&>d positions :i* ,black c (t5 br+ ab\t4 ,n[1 x is ,:ite's move4 ,if x 7 ,black's move x w\ld be simple1 z he w\ld h to move 8 ,rook away f ! ,k+ 7f9d out :y71 & !n ! ,rook w\ld be #fc comp>atively easy to w94 ,we d$uce f ! above t ! ma9 object is to =ce ! ,black ,rook away f ! def5d+ ,k+1 & t1 9 ord] to compel ,black to d s1 we mu/ br+ ab\t ! position 9 ! diagram ) ,black to move4 ,once we "k :at is requir$1 ! way to proce$ becomes easi] to f9d4 ,?us3 #a4 ,q - ,k #e * ,n #a ,q - ,r #f1 because ,r - ,b #b *2 #b ,k - ,kt #f1 ,r - ,b #c *2 #c ,k x ,r4 ,/alemate4 7,! beg9n] w inv>iably fall into ?is trap47 #a4 44444444 ,k to ,r #a or to ,r #b #b4 ,q - ,r #a * ,k - ,kt #a #c4 ,q - ,r #e ,9 a few moves we h accompli%$ our object4 ,! fir/ "p is conclud$4 ,n[ we come to ! second "p4 ,! ,rook c only g to a ,:ite squ>e1 o!rwise ! fir/ *eck ) ! ,que5 w w9 x4 ,!re=e #c4 44444444 ,r - ,kt #f #d4 ,q - ,k #e * ,k - ,r #a be/ #e4 ,q - ,r #h * ,k - ,r #b #f4 ,q - ,kt #g * ,k - ,r #a #g4 ,q - ,kt #h * ,r - ,kt #a #h4 ,q - ,r #b mate 7,! /ud5t %\ld f9d out by himself h[ to w9 :5 #c444,r - ,kt #h2 #d ,q - ,k #e *1 ,k - ,r #b47 #fd ,illu/ration ,,example #da4--,! proc$ure "h is v simil>4 ,! ?+s to be> 9 m9d are t ! ,rook mu/ be prev5t$ f int]pos+ at ,kt #a because ( an imm$iate mate1 & 9 ! same way ! ,k+ mu/ be prev5t$ f go+ ei!r to ,r #c or ,b #a4 ,,example #db4--,we %all n[ exam9e a m difficult position4 ,illu/ration #fe ,_m play]s w\ld be deceiv$ by ?is position4 ,! mo/ likely look+ move is n ! be/4 ,?us suppose we beg9 #a4 ,q - ,k #e * ,k - ,b #a #b4 ,k - ,kt #f ,r - ,q #b ,! only def5ce1 b1 un=tunately1 a v effective "o1 :i* makes x v difficult = ,:ite1 s9ce he _c play #c ,q - ,k #f because ( #c444,r - ,kt #b *2 #d ,k - ,b #f1 ,r - ,kt #c * draws4 ,nor c he w9 quickly by #c ,q - ,q ,b #e * because #c444,k - ,k #a1 #d ,k - ,b #f1 ,r - ,q #c * 6 driv+ back ! ,:ite ,k+4 ,n[ t we h se5 ! difficulties ( ! situation let u g back4 ,! be/ move is #a4 ,q - ,kt #e * 6 ,k - ,r #a ,if ,k - ,r #b2 #b ,q - ,kt #f *1 ,k - ,r #a2 #c ,k - ,r #f 6 #b4 ,q - ,k #e * 6 ,k - ,r #b be/ #c4 ,k - ,kt #e ,r - ,r #b 6 be/ ,if #c444,r - ,kt #b *2 #d ,k - ,b #f leads to a position simil> to ^? 9 ,examples #dj & #da4 #d4 ,q - ,k #d * ,k - ,kt #a #e4 ,q - ,b #d * ,k - ,r #b #f4 ,k - ,b #f ,r - ,k ,kt #b #g4 ,q - ,r #d * ,k - ,kt #a #h4 ,q - ,r #e #ff & we h ! position ( ,example #dj ) ,black to move4 ,let u g back aga94 #a4 ,q - ,kt #e * ,k - ,b #a #b4 ,q - ,q #h * ,k - ,kt #b #c4 ,k - ,kt #e ,r - ,b #f ,! be/ place = ! ,rook away f ! ,k+4 #c444,k - ,r #b2 #d ,q - ,q #d1 ,r - ,kt #b *2 #e ,k - ,b #f w\ld lead to positions simil> to ^? already se54 #d4 ,q - ,q #d * ,k - ,b #a #e4 ,k - ,kt #f #e ,q - ,q #f *1 ,k - ,kt #b2 #f ,q - ,k #e *1 ,k - ,b #a2 #g ,k - ,kt #f w\ld also w9 ! ,rook4 ,! text move1 h[ev]1 is giv5 to %[ ! f9esse ( su* end+s4 ,:ite n[ ?reat5s mate at ,q #h4 #e4 44444444 ,r - ,kt #f * #f4 ,k - ,b #f ,r - ,b #f * #g4 ,k - ,k #f ,r - ,k ,r #f ,:ite ?reat5$ mate at ,k ,r #h4 #h4 ,q - ,b #d * & ! ,rook is lo/4 ,note1 9 ^! examples1 t ! *ecks at long range along ! diagonals h (t5 be5 ! key to all ! w9n+ manoeuvres4 ,also t ! ,que5 & #fg ,k+ are (t5 kept on diff]5t l9es4 ,! /ud5t %\ld c>efully g ov] ^! positions & consid] all ! possibilities n giv5 9 ! text4 ,he %\ld once m g ?r\gh ev]y?+ already writt5 be=e proce$+ fur!r ) ! book4 99 99 99 99 99 #fh ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,plann+ ,a ,,w9 ,,9 ,,middle-,,game ,,play ,i %all n[ give a few w9n+ positions tak5 f my own games4 ,i h select$ ^? t ,i believe c be consid]$ z types1 i4e4 positions t may easily occur aga9 9 a some:at simil> =m4 ,a k ( su* positions is ( great help2 9 fact1 "o _c "k too _m4 ,x (t5 may help ! play] to f9d1 ) little ef=t1 ! "r move1 :i* he might n be able to f9d at all )\t su* k4 #ag4 ,,attack+ ,,)\t ,,! ,,aid ,,( ,,knights ,illu/ration #fi ,,example #dc4--;,x is ,black's move1 & z he is a ,kt & ,p beh9d he mu/ w9 quickly1 if at all4 ,he plays3 #a4 44444444 ,q ,r - ,kt #a 6 #b4 ,r - ,b #b ,if1 ,q x ,q1 ,r x ,p *2 ,k - ,r #a1 ,b - ,q #d & mate foll[s 9 a few moves4 #b4 44444444 ,r x ,p * #c4 ,k - ,b #a ,b - ,b #e * #d4 ,kt x ,b ,r - ,kt #h mate ,illu/ration ,,example #dd4--;,black's la/ move 0 ,p - ,k #f1 play$ ) ! object ( /opp+ :at he ?\ght 0 ,:ite's ?reat1 viz43 ,r - ,q ,r #e1 to :i* he w\ld h answ]$ ,q - ,b #e * & drawn ! game by p]petual *eck4 ,:ite1 h[ev]1 has a m =ceful move1 & he mates 9 ?ree moves z foll[s3 #gj #a4 ,r x ,p * ,q x ,r #b4 ,r - ,q ,r #e ,black moves #c4 ,:ite mates ,illu/ration ,,example #de4--,:ite has a beautiful position1 b /ill he _h bett] ga9 "s mat]ial1 if he c1 be=e ,black consolidates 8 def5sive position4 ,he !re=e plays3 #a4 ,r x ,kt 6 ,p x ,r #b4 ,b x ,p * ,k - ,k #b ,if ,kt x ,b2 ,r x ,kt & ,black w\ld be helpless4 #c4 ,q - ,r #g * ,k - ,k #a #d4 ,q x ,kt * ,k - ,q #b #e4 ,q - ,r #g * ,q - ,k #b #f4 ,b - ,b #h ,q x ,q #g4 ,r x ,q * ,k - ,k #a #h4 ,r x ,r ,resigns ,9 ^! few examples ! attack+ has be5 done by ,rooks & ,bi%ops 9 comb9ation ) ! ,que54 #ga ,!re h be5 no ,knights to take "p 9 ! attack4 ,we %all n[ give "s examples 9 :i* ! ,knights play a prom95t "p z an attack+ =ce4 99 99 99 99 99 #ah4 ,,attack+ ,,) ,,knights ,,z ,a ,,prom95t ,,=ce ,illu/ration ,,example #df4--,:ite is two ,pawns beh9d4 ,he mu/ !re=e press on 8 attack4 ,! game cont9ues3 #a4 ,kt 7,b #e7 x ,kt ,p ,kt - ,b #d ,evid5tly an error :i* made ! w9n+ easi] = ,:ite1 z he simply took ! ,rook ) ! ,knight & kept up ! attack4 ,black %\ld h play$3 #a 444 ,kt x ,kt4 ,!n w\ld h foll[$3 #b ,kt - ,b #f *1 ,k - ,kt #c2 #c ,kt x ,b1 ,p - ,b #c 7be/72 #d ,p - ,k #e1 ,k - ,b #b2 #e ,kt x ,p1 ,r - ,k #b2 #f ,kt - ,k #d1 & ,black %\ld lose4#d #gb ,illu/ration ,,example #dg4--,! /ud5t %\ld c>efully exam9e ! position1 z ! sacrifice ( ! ,bi%op 9 simil> situations is typical1 & ! *ance = x is ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 actual play4 ,! game cont9ues3 #a4 ,b x ,p * ,k x ,b #b4 ,kt - ,kt #e * ,k - ,kt #c ,be/4 ,if #b444,k - ,r #c2 #c ,kt x ,p * w9s ! ,que51 & if #b444,k - ,kt #a2 #c ,q - ,r #e1 ) an irresi/ible attack4 #c4 ,q - ,kt #d ,p - ,b #d #d4 ,q - ,kt #c ,k - ,r #c ,:ite f9ally won4#e #gc 99 99 99 99 99 #ai4 ,,w9n+ ,,by ,,indirect ,,attack ,we h s f> giv5 positions :]e ! attacks 7 ( a viol5t nature & direct$ aga9/ ! ,k+'s position4 ,v (t51 h[ev]1 9 ! middle-game attacks are made aga9/ a position or aga9/ pieces1 or ev5 ,pawns4 ,! w9n+ ( a ,pawn among good play]s ( ev5 /r5g? (t5 means ! w9n+ ( ! game4 ,h5ce ! /udy ( su* positions is ( great importance4 ,we give bel[ two positions 9 :i* ! attack aims at ! ga9 ( a m]e ,pawn z a means ( ultimately w9n+ ! game4 ,illu/ration ,,example #dh4--;,black is a ,pawn beh9d1 & !re is no viol5t direct attack aga9/ ,:ite's ,k+4 ,black's pieces1 h[ev]1 are v well plac$ & free to act1 & by co-ord9at+ ! action ( all 8 pieces he is soon able n only to rega9 ! ,pawn b to obta9 ! bett] game4 ,! /ud5t %\ld c>efully #gd consid] ?is position & ! subsequ5t moves4 ,x is a v good example ( prop] co-ord9ation 9 ! managem5t ( =ces4 ,! game cont9ues3 #a4 44444444 ,r - ,r #a #b4 ,p - ,q ,r #d ,:ite's be/ move 0 ,p - ,q ,kt #c1 :5 w\ld foll[ ,kt x ,b2 #c ,q x ,kt1 ,r - ,r #f & ,black w\ld ultimately w9 ! ,q ,r ,p1 always keep+ a slight advantage 9 position4 ,! text move makes matt]s easi]4 #b4 44444444 ,kt x ,b #c4 ,q x ,kt ,q - ,b #e #d4 ,k ,r - ,q #a ,k ,r - ,kt #a ,black c\ld h rega9$ ! ,pawn by play+ ,b x ,kt1 b he sees t !re is m to be _h1 & !re=e increases ! pressure aga9/ ,:ite's ,que5 side4 ,he n[ ?reat5s1 among o!r ?+s1 ,r x ,kt ,p4 #e4 ,q - ,k #c ,r - ,kt #e ,?reat5+ to w9 ! ex*ange by ,b - ,q #e4 #f4 ,q - ,kt #e ,b - ,q #e * #g4 ,k - ,r #a ,q ,r - ,kt #a ,?is ?reat5s to w9 ! ,kt1 & ?us =ces ,:ite to give up ! ex*ange4 #h4 ,r x ,b ,q x ,r #i4 ,r - ,q #a ,q - ,b #e ,n[ ,black w recov] 8 ,pawn4 #ge ,illu/ration ,,example #di4--;,an exam9ation ( ?is position w %[ t ,black's ma9 weakness lies 9 ! expos$ position ( 8 ,k+1 & 9 ! fact t 8 ,q ,r has n yet come into ! game4 ,inde$1 if x 7 ,black's move1 we might conclude t he w\ld h ! bett] game1 on acc\nt ( hav+ ?ree ,pawns to two on ! ,que5's side1 & 8 ,bi%op comm&+ ! long diagonal4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ,:ite's move1 & he has two c\rses to *oose f4 ,! obvi\s move1 ,b - ,b #d1 might be good en\gh1 s9ce aft] #a ,b - ,b #d1 ,q ,r - ,q #a2 #b ,p - ,q ,kt #d w\ld make x difficult = ,black4 ,b !re is ano!r move :i* completely upsets ,black's position & w9s a ,pawn1 besides obta9+ ! bett] position4 ,t move is ,kt - ,q #d 6 ,! game cont9ues z foll[s3 #a4 ,kt - ,q #d 6 ,p x ,kt #b4 ,r x ,b ,kt - ,kt #e #gf ,!re is no?+ bett]1 z ,:ite ?reat5$ ,b - ,b #d4 #c4 ,b - ,b #d * ,k - ,r #a #d4 ,r - ,k #f ,p - ,q #f #e4 ,r x ,p ,& ,:ite1 ) ! bett] position1 is a ,pawn ahead4 ,^! positions h be5 giv5 ) ! idea ( acqua9t+ ! /ud5t ) diff]5t types ( comb9ations4 ,i hope !y w also help to develop 8 imag9ation1 a v necess>y quality 9 a good play]4 ,! /ud5t %\ld note1 9 all ^! middle-game positions1 t-- once ! opportunity is (f]$1 all ! pieces are ?r[n into action en masse :5 necess>y2 & t all ! pieces smoo?ly co-ord9ate _! action ) ma*9e-l precision4 ,t1 at lea/1 is :at ! ideal middle-game play %\ld be1 if x is n s altoge!r 9 ^! examples4 99 99 99 99 99 #gg ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,g5]al ,,!ory ,be=e we rev]t to ! te*nique ( ! op5+s x w be advisable to dwell a little on g5]al !ory1 s t ! op5+s 9 _! relation to ! re/ ( ! game may be bett] und]/ood4 #bj4 ,,! ,,initiative ,z ! pieces are set on ! bo>d bo? sides h ! same position & ! same am\nt ( mat]ial4 ,:ite1 h[ev]1 has ! move1 & ! move 9 ?is case means ! initiative1 & ! initiative1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 is an advantage4 ,n[ ?is advantage mu/ be kept z long z possible1 & %\ld only be giv5 up if "s o!r advantage1 mat]ial or positional1 is obta9$ 9 its place4 ,:ite1 accord+ to ! pr9ciples already laid d[n1 develops 8 pieces z fa/ z possible1 b 9 s do+ he also tries to h9d] 8 oppon5t's developm5t1 by apply+ pressure :]ev] possible4 ,he tries fir/ ( all to control ! c5tre1 & fail+ ?is to obta9 "s positional advantage t w make x possible = him to keep on h>ass+ ! enemy4 ,he only rel9qui%es ! initiative :5 he gets = x "s mat]ial advantage "u su* fav\rable conditions z to make him feel #gh assur$ t he w1 9 turn1 be able to )/& 8 adv]s>y's ?ru/2 & f9ally1 ?r\gh 8 sup]iority ( mat]ial1 once m resume ! initiative1 :i* alone c give him ! victory4 ,?is la/ ass]tion is self-evid5t1 s9ce1 9 ord] to w9 ! game1 ! oppos+ ,k+ mu/ be driv5 to a position :]e he is attack$ )\t hav+ any way ( escape4 ,once ! pieces h be5 prop]ly develop$ ! result+ positions may v>y 9 "*4 ,x may be t a direct attack aga9/ ! ,k+ is 9 ord]2 or t x is a case ( improv+ a position already advantage\s2 or1 f9ally1 t "s mat]ial c be ga9$ at ! co/ ( rel9qui%+ ! initiative = a m or less prolong$ p]iod4 99 99 99 99 99 #ba4 ,,direct ,,attacks ,,en ,,masse ,9 ! fir/ case ! attack mu/ be c>ri$ on ) suffici5t =ce to gu>antee its success4 ,"u no consid]ation mu/ a direct attack aga9/ ! ,k+ be c>ri$ on a outrance unless !re is absolute c]ta9ty 9 "o's own m9d t x w succe$1 s9ce failure 9 su* cases means disa/]4 ,,example #ej4--;,a good example ( a successful direct attack aga9/ ! ,k+ is %[n 9 ! foll[+ diagram3 ,9 ?is position ,:ite c\ld simply play ,b - ,b #b & /ill h ! bett] position1 b in/ead he pref]s an imm$iate attack on ! ,k+'s side1 ) #gi ! c]ta9ty 9 8 m9d t ! attack w lead to a w94 ,! game cont9ues ?us3#f ,illu/ration #ab4 ,b x ,p * ,k x ,b #ac4 ,kt - ,kt #e * ,k - ,kt #c #ad4 ,q - ,kt #d ,p - ,b #d ,be/4 ,p - ,k #d w\ld h be5 imm$iately fatal4 ,?us3 #ad444,p - ,k #d2 #ae ,kt - ,k #f *1 ,k - ,b #c2 #af ,p - ,b #d 6 ,p - ,k #e2 #ag ,q - ,kt #e *1 ,k x ,kt2 #ah ,q - ,k #e *1 ,k - ,q #b2 #ai ,k ,r - ,q #a *1 ,kt - ,q #f2 #bj ,kt x ,p1 ,k - ,b #c 7if ,k - ,k #a1 ,kt - ,q #f * w9s ! ,que572 #ba ,r x ,kt1 ,q x ,r2 #bb ,r - ,b #a *1 ,k - ,kt #c 7if ,k - ,q #b mate 9 two72 #bc ,q - ,b #g * & mate 9 five moves4 #hj #ae4 ,q - ,kt #c ,k - ,r #c #af4 ,q - ,r #d * ,k - ,kt #c #ag4 ,q - ,r #g * ,k - ,b #c ,if ,k x ,kt2 ,q x ,kt ,p * & mate 9 a few moves4 #ah4 ,p - ,k #d ,kt - ,kt #c #ai4 ,p x ,p ,p x ,p #bj4 ,q ,r - ,q #a ,kt - ,q #f #ba4 ,q - ,r #c ,kt 7,q #f7 - ,b #e #bb4 ,q - ,kt #c ,q - ,b #b #bc4 ,k ,r - ,k #a ,kt - ,k #g * ,?is blund] loses at once1 b ! game c\ld n be sav$ 9 any case2 e4g4 #bc444;,b - ,k #c2 #bd ,r x ,b *1 ,kt x ,r2 #be ,kt - ,q #e mate4 #bd4 ,r x ,kt ,q x ,q #be4 ,kt - ,r #g * ,k - ,b #b #bf4 ,r ,p x ,q ,r - ,r #a #bg4 ,kt - ,kt #e * ,k - ,b #c #bh4 ,p - ,b #d ,resigns ,,example #ea4--;,ano!r example ( ?is k9d3 ,illu/ration #ha ,9 ! above position ! simple move ,kt x ,p w\ld w91 b ,:ite looks = complications & _! beauties4 ,su* a c\rse is highly risky until a wide exp]i5ce ( actual ma/]-play has develop$ a suffici5t insight into all ! possibilities ( a position4 ,?is game1 :i* won ! brilliancy prize at ,/4 ,pet]sburg 9 #aiad1 cont9u$ z foll[s3-- #ba4 ,b - ,r #d ,q - ,q #b #bb4 ,kt x ,b ,q x ,r #bc4 ,q - ,q #h * ,q - ,k #a ,if ,k - ,b #b2 #bd ,kt - ,q #f *1 ,k+ moves2 #be mate4 #bd4 ,b - ,k #g * ,k - ,b #b #be4 ,kt - ,q #f * ,k - ,kt #c #bf4 ,kt - ,r #d * ,k - ,r #d ,if #bf444,k - ,r #c2 #bg ,kt 7,q #f7 - ,b #e *1 ,k - ,r #d2 #bh ,kt x ,p *1 ,k - ,r #c2 #bi ,kt 7,r #d7 - ,b #e *1 ,k - ,kt #c2 #cj ,q - ,q #f * & mate next move4 #bg4 ,kt x ,q ,r x ,q #bh4 ,kt x ,p * ,k - ,r #c #bi4 ,kt 7,kt #g7 - ,b #e * ,k - ,r #d #cj4 ,p - ,k ,r #c 6 ,! climax ( ! comb9ation />t$ ) #ba ,b - ,r #d4 ,:ite is /ill ?reat5+ mate1 & ! be/ way to avoid x is = ,black to give back all ! mat]ial he has ga9$ & to rema9 ?ree ,pawns beh9d4 ,! /ud5t %\ld note t 9 ! examples giv5 ! attack is c>ri$ out ) e available piece1 #hb & t (t51 z 9 "s ( ! v>iations po9t$ out1 x is ! com+ into action ( ! la/ available piece t f9ally ov]?r[s ! enemy4 ,x demon/rates ! pr9ciple already /at$3 ,direct & viol5t attacks aga9/ ! ,k+ mu/ be c>ri$ en masse1 ) full =ce1 to ensure _! success4 ,! opposition mu/ be ov]come at all co/2 ! attack _c be brok5 (f1 s9ce 9 all su* cases t means defeat4 99 99 99 99 99 #bb4 ,,! ,,=ce ,,( ,,! ,,?reat5$ ,,attack ,fail+ an opportunity1 9 ! second case1 = direct attack1 "o mu/ attempt to increase :atev] weakness !re may be 9 ! oppon5t's position2 or1 if !re is none1 "o or m mu/ be creat$4 ,x is always an advantage to ?reat5 some?+1 b su* ?reats mu/ be c>ri$ into effect only if some?+ is to be ga9$ imm$iately4 ,=1 hold+ ! ?reat 9 h&1 =ces ! oppon5t to provide aga9/ its execution & to keep mat]ial 9 read9ess to meet x4 ,?us he may m easily ov]look1 or be unable to p>ry1 a ?ru/ at ano!r po9t4 ,b once ! ?reat is c>ri$ into effect1 x exi/s no long]1 & y\r oppon5t c devote 8 att5tion to 8 own s*emes4 ,"o ( ! be/ & mo/ successful manoeuvres 9 ?is type ( game is to make a demon/ration on "o side1 s z to draw ! =ces ( y\r oppon5t to t side1 !n ?r\gh ! great] mobility ( y\r pieces to %ift y\r =ces quickly #hc to ! o!r side & break ?r\gh1 be=e y\r oppon5t has _h ! "t to br+ ov] ! necess>y =ces = ! def5ce4 ,a good example ( positional play is %[n 9 ! foll[+ game3 ,,example #eb4--,play$ at ! ,havana ,int]national ,ma/]s ,t\rnam5t1 #aiac4 7,fr5* ,def5ce47 ,:ite3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 ,black3 ,r4 ,blanco4 #a4 ,p - ,k #d ,p - ,k #c #b4 ,p - ,q #d ,p - ,q #d #c4 ,kt - ,q ,b #c ,p x ,p #d4 ,kt x ,p ,kt - ,q #b #e4 ,kt - ,k ,b #c ,k ,kt - ,b #c #f4 ,kt x ,kt * ,kt x ,kt #g4 ,kt - ,k #e ,illu/ration ,?is move 0 fir/ %[n to me by ! tal5t$ ,v5ezuelan amateur1 ,m4 ,ayala4 ,! object is to #hd prev5t ! developm5t ( ,black's ,que5's ,bi%op via ,q ,kt #b1 aft] ,p - ,q ,kt #c1 :i* is ,black's usual developm5t 9 ?is v>iation4 ,g5]ally x is bad to move ! same piece twice 9 an op5+ be=e ! o!r pieces are out1 & ! violation ( t pr9ciple is ! only objection t c be made to ?is move1 :i* o!rwise has ev]y?+ to recomm5d x4 #g4 44444444 ,b - ,q #c #h4 ,q - ,b #c ,illu/ration ,b - ,k ,kt #e might be bett]4 ,! text move gives ,black an opportunity ( :i* he does n avail himself #h4 44444444 ,p - ,b #c ,p - ,b #d 0 ! "r move4 ,x w\ld h l$ to complications1 9 :i* ,black might h held 8 own2 at lea/1 ,:ite's play w\ld be v difficult4 ,! text move accompli%es no?+1 & puts ,black #he 9 an altoge!r def5sive position4 ,! veil$ ?reat ,b x ,kt2 foll[$ by ,q - ,r #d *2 is easily met4 #i4 ,p - ,b #c ,o - ,o #aj4 ,b - ,k ,kt #e ,b - ,k #b ,! fact t ,black has n[ to move 8 ,bi%op back cle>ly demon/rates t ,black's plan ( developm5t is faulty4 ,he has lo/ too mu* "t1 & ,:ite br+s 8 pieces into _! mo/ attack+ position )\t h9drance ( any sort4 #aa4 ,b - ,q #c ,kt - ,k #a ,! alt]native 0 ,kt - ,q #d4 ,o!rwise ,:ite w\ld play ,q - ,r #c1 & ,black w\ld be =c$ to play ,p - ,k ,kt #c 7n ,p - ,k ,r #c1 because ( ! sacrifice ,b x ,p71 s]i\sly weak5+ 8 ,k+'s side4 #ab4 ,q - ,r #c ,p - ,k ,b #d ,:ite has no long] an attack1 b he has compell$ ,black to create a m>k$ weakness4 ,n[ ,:ite's :ole plan w be to exploit ?is weakness 7! weak ,k ,p71 & ! /ud5t c n[ see h[ ! pr9ciples exp\nd$ previ\sly are appli$ 9 ?is game4 ,e move is direct$ to make ! weak ,k+'s ,pawn unt5able1 or to pr(it by ! inactivity ( ! ,black pieces def5d+ ! ,pawn1 9 ord] to improve ! position ( ,:ite at o!r po9ts4 #ac4 ,b x ,b ,q x ,b #ad4 ,o - ,o ,r - ,b #c #ae4 ,k ,r - ,k #a ,kt - ,q #c #af4 ,r - ,k #b ,b - ,q #b #hf ,at la/ ! ,bi%op comes out1 n z an active attack+ piece1 b m]ely to make way = ! ,rook4 #ag4 ,q ,r - ,k #a ,r - ,k #a #ah4 ,p - ,q ,b #d ,kt - ,b #b ,a v clev] move1 t5d+ to prev5t ,p - ,b #e1 & tempt+ ,:ite to play ,kt x ,b1 foll[$ by ,b x ,p1 :i* w\ld be bad1 z ! foll[+ v>iation %[s3 #ai ,kt x ,b1 ,q x ,kt2 #bj ,b x ,p1 ,kt - ,kt #d2 #ba ,q - ,kt #d1 ,r x ,b2 #bb ,p - ,k ,r #d1 ,p - ,k ,r #d2 #bc ,q x ,r1 ,p x ,q2 #bd ,r x ,r *1 ,k - ,r #b2 #be ,p x ,kt1 ,q x ,p4 ,b x always happ5s 9 su* cases t1 if "o l9e ( attack is anticipat$1 !re is ano!r2 & ?is is no exception to ! rule1 z w be se54 ,illu/ration #ai4 ,p - ,q #e 6 ,kt x ,kt ,app>5tly ! be/ way to meet ! manifold ?reats ( ,:ite4 ,b ,p x ,p w\ld make matt]s worse1 z ! ,:ite ,bi%op w\ld f9ally be> on ! weak ,k+'s ,pawn via ,q ,b #d4 #hg #bj4 ,r x ,kt ,p - ,k ,kt #c #ba4 ,q - ,r #d ,k - ,kt #b #bb4 ,q - ,q #d ,p - ,b #d ,=c$1 z ,:ite ?reat5$ ,p x ,k ,p1 & also ,q x ,p #bc4 ,q - ,b #c ,p - ,kt #c ,q - ,q #c 0 bett]4 ,b ,black wants to tempt ,:ite to play ,p x ,p1 ?9k+ t he w soon aft] rega9 8 ,pawn ) a safe position4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 is n ! case1 z ,:ite quickly demon/rates4 ,i mu/ add t 9 any case ,black's position is1 9 my op9ion1 unt5able1 s9ce all 8 pieces are ti$ up = ! def5ce ( a ,pawn1 :ile ,:ite's pieces are free to act4 #bd4 ,p x ,p ,b - ,b #a ,illu/ration #be4 ,b - ,k #b 6 ,! decid+ & timely manoeuvre4 ,all ! ,black pieces are useless aft] ?is ,bi%op rea*es ,q #e4 #hh #be4 44444444 ,b x ,p #bf4 ,b - ,b #c ,k - ,b #b #bg4 ,b - ,q #e ,q - ,q #c ,n[ x is evid5t t all ! ,black pieces are ti$ up1 & x only rema9s = ,:ite to f9d ! quicke/ way to =ce ! issue4 ,:ite w n[ try to place 8 ,que5 at ,k ,r #f1 & !n advance ! ,k ,r ,p to ,r #e 9 ord] to break up ! ,black ,pawns def5d+ ! ,k+4 #bh4 ,q - ,k #c ,r - ,k #b ,if #bh444,p - ,b #e2 #bi ,q - ,k ,r #c1 ,p - ,k ,r #d2 #cj ,q - ,r #d1 ,r - ,k #b2 #ca ,q - ,kt #e1 ,k - ,kt #b2 #cb ,p - ,k ,r #d1 ,q - ,q #b2 #cc ,p - ,k ,kt #c1 ,p x ,p2 #cd ,p - ,b #d1 & ,black w soon be helpless1 z he has to m>k "t ) 8 pieces :ile ,:ite prep>es to advance ,p - ,r #e1 & f9ally at ! prop] "t to play ,r x ,b1 w9n+4 #bi4 ,q - ,r #f ,k - ,kt #a #cj4 ,p - ,k ,r #d ,p - ,r #c #ca4 ,p - ,r #e ,p - ,b #e #cb4 ,p x ,p ,p x ,p #cc4 ,r x ,b ,resigns4 ,comm5t+ on ,:ite's play 9 ?is game1 ,dr4 ,e4 ,lask] said at ! "t t if ,:ite's play 7 prop]ly analys$ x might be f\nd t !re 0 no way to improve ^u x4 ,^! app>5tly simple games are (t5 ( ! mo/ difficult nature4 ,p]fection 9 su* cases is mu* m difficult to obta9 ?an 9 ^? positions call+ #hi = a brilliant direct attack aga9/ ! ,k+1 involv+ sacrifices ( pieces4 99 99 99 99 99 #bc4 ,,rel9qui%+ ,,! ,,initiative ,9 ! ?ird case1 !re is no?+ to d1 once ! mat]ial advantage is obta9$1 b to submit to ! oppon5t's attack = a :ile1 & once x has be5 repuls$ to act quickly ) all y\r =ces & w9 on mat]ial4 ,a good example ( ?is type ( game is giv5 bel[4 ,,example #ec4--;,f ! ,havana ,int]national ,ma/]s ,t\rnam5t1 #aiac4 7,ruy ,lopez47 ,:ite3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 ,black3 ,d4 ,jan[ski4 #a4 ,p - ,k #d ,p - ,k #d #b4 ,kt - ,k ,b #c ,kt - ,q ,b #c #c4 ,b - ,kt #e ,kt - ,b #c #d4 ,o - ,o ,p - ,q #c #e4 ,b x ,kt * ,p x ,b #f4 ,p - ,q #d ,b - ,k #b #g4 ,kt - ,b #c ,p x ,p might be bett]1 b at ! "t ,i 0 n famili> ) t v>iation1 & !re=e ,i play$ :at ,i knew to be good4 #g4 44444444 ,kt - ,q #b #h4 ,p x ,p ,p x ,p #i4 ,q - ,k #b ,o - ,o #aj4 ,r - ,q #a ,b - ,q#c #aa4 ,b - ,kt #e ,q - ,k #a #ab4 ,kt - ,k ,r #d ,p - ,kt #c #ij ,black (f]s ! ex*ange 9 ord] to ga9 "t & to obta9 an attack4 ,)\t consid]+ at all :e!r or n su* a c\rse 0 ju/ifi$ on ! "p ( ,black1 x is evid5t t z f> z ,:ite is conc]n$ !re is only "o ?+ to d1 viz41 to w9 ! ex*ange & !n prep>e to wea!r ! /orm4 ,!n1 once x is pass$1 to act quickly ) all =ces to d]ive ! b5efit ( num]ical sup]iority4 #ac4 ,b - ,r #f ,kt - ,b #d #ad4 ,r - ,q #b ,r - ,kt #a #ae4 ,kt - ,q #a ,r - ,kt #e ,to =ce ,:ite to play ,p - ,q ,b #d1 & ?us create a hole at ,q #e = 8 ,knight4#g ,su* gr& tactics %[ ! h& ( a ma/]4 #af4 ,p - ,q ,b #d ,kt - ,k #c #ag4 ,b x ,r ,q x ,b #ah4 ,kt - ,k #c ,kt - ,k ,b #c 0 bett]4 #ah4 44444444 ,kt - ,q #e #ai4 ,q - ,q #a ,p - ,q ,b #d ,9 ord] to prev5t ,r x ,kt giv+ back ! ex*ange1 b w9n+ a ,pawn & reliev+ ! position4 #bj4 ,p - ,q ,kt #c ,r - ,kt #a ,9 ord] to play ,b - ,kt #b )\t block+ 8 ,rook4 #ia ,black's manoeuvr+ = positional advantage is admirable ?r\gh\t ?is game1 & if he loses x is due entirely to ! fact t ! sacrifice ( ! ex*ange1 )\t ev5 a ,pawn = x1 c\ld n succe$ aga9/ s\nd def5sive play4 ,illu/ration #ba4 ,kt - ,b #c ,p - ,b #d #bb4 ,p x ,p ,p x ,p ,illu/ration ,! position beg9s to look really dang]\s = ,:ite4 ,9 reality ,black's attack is rea*+ its maximum =ce4 ,v soon x w rea* ! apex1 & !n #ib ,:ite1 :o is well prep>$1 w beg9 8 c\nt] action1 & ?r\gh 8 sup]iority 9 mat]ial obta9 an und\bt$ advantage4 #bc4 ,kt - ,b #a ,p - ,b #e #bd4 ,kt x ,kt ,b ,p x ,kt #be4 ,q - ,r #e ,b - ,kt #b #bf4 ,r - ,k #a ,p - ,b #d ,he c\ld n play ,r - ,k #a because ( ,r x ,q ,p4 ,besides1 he wants to be ready to play ,p - ,k #e4 ,at pres5t ,:ite _c ) safety play ,r x ,k ,p1 b he w soon prep>e ! way = x4 ,!n1 by giv+ up a ,rook = a ,bi%op & a ,pawn1 he w completely upset ,black's attack & come out a ,pawn ahead4 ,x is on ?is basis t ,:ite's :ole def5sive manoeuvre is f\nd$4 #bg4 ,p - ,b #c ,r - ,k #a #bh4 ,r 7,q #b7 - ,k #b ,r - ,k #c ,illu/ration ,n[ ! ,black ,rook ent]s into ! game1 b ,:ite is prep>$4 ,x is n[ "t to give back ! ex*ange4 #ic #bi4 ,r x ,p ,b x ,r #cj4 ,r x ,b ,r - ,k ,r #c #ca4 ,q - ,k #h ,q x ,q #cb4 ,r x ,q * ,k - ,b #b #cc4 ,r - ,k #e ,r - ,q ,b #c #cd4 ,kt - ,q #b ,r - ,b #e * might h be5 bett]4 ,! text move did n prove z /rong z anticipat$4 #cd4 44444444 ,k - ,b #c #ce4 ,r - ,q #e ,r - ,k #c #cf4 ,kt - ,k #d * ,k - ,k #b ,r x ,kt w\ld lose easily #cg4 ,r x ,b ,p ,p - ,q #f 6 ,v f9e4 ,:ite _c play ,r ,b #g * because ( ,k - ,q #a2 ,r x ,b1 ,r x ,kt w9n+4 #ch4 ,k - ,b #b ,b x ,kt #ci4 ,p x ,b ,r x ,p #dj4 ,r - ,q #e ,r - ,k #f ,! end+ is v difficult to w94 ,at ?is po9t ,:ite _h to make ! la/ move be=e ! game 0 adj\rn$4 ,illu/ration #id #da4 ,p - ,q ,kt #d 6 ,r - ,k #e #db4 ,r x ,p ,r x ,p #dc4 ,r - ,k ,r #c ,r x ,p #dd4 ,r x ,p * ,k - ,b #c #de4 ,r x ,p ,k - ,b #d #df4 ,k - ,b #c ,r - ,kt #g #dg4 ,r - ,r #e * ,k - ,b #c #dh4 ,r - ,r #d ,k - ,kt #d #di4 ,r x ,p ,r x ,r ,p #ej4 ,p - ,r #d * ,k - ,r #d #ea4 ,r - ,b #e * ,k - ,r #c #eb4 ,p - ,kt #d ,resigns ,i h pass$ ov] ! game lightly because ( its difficult nature1 & because we are at pres5t conc]n$ m ) ! op5+ & ! middle-game ?an we are ) ! end+s1 :i* w be treat$ sep>ately4 99 99 99 99 99 #bd4 ,,cutt+ ,,(f ,,pieces ,,f ,,! ,,sc5e ,,( ,,action ,v (t5 9 a game a ma/] only plays to cut (f1 s to speak1 "o ( ! pieces f ! sc5e ( actual conflict4 ,(t5 a ,bi%op or a ,knight is completely put out ( action4 ,9 su* cases we might say t f t mom5t ! game is won1 because = all practical purposes !re w be "o m piece on "o side ?an on ! o!r4 ,a v good illu/ration is furni%$ by ! foll[+ game4 #ie ,,example #ed4--,play$ at ! ,ha/+s ,victory ,t\rnam5t1 #aiai4 7,f\r ,knights47 ,:ite3 ,w4 ,w9t]4 ,black3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 #a4 ,p - ,k #d ,p - ,k #d #b4 ,kt - ,k ,b #c ,kt - ,q ,b #c #c4 ,kt - ,b #c ,kt - ,b #c #d4 ,b - ,kt #e ,b - ,kt #e #e4 ,o - ,o ,o - ,o #f4 ,b x ,kt ,niemz[it*'s v>iation1 :i* ,i h play$ successfully 9 _m a game4 ,x gives ,:ite a v solid game4 ,niemz[it*'s idea is t ,:ite w 9 due "t be able to play ,p - ,k ,b #d1 op5+ a l9e = 8 ,rooks1 :i*1 9 comb9ation ) ! po/+ ( a ,knight at ,k ,b #e1 %\ld be suffici5t to w94 ,he ?9ks t %\ld ,black attempt to /op ! ,knight f go+ to ,k ,b #e1 he w h to weak5 8 game 9 "s o!r way4 ,:e!r ?is is true or n rema9s to be prov$1 b 9 my op9ion ! move is p]fectly good4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is no "q t ,black c easily develop 8 pieces4 ,b x mu/ be consid]$ t 9 ?is v>iation ,:ite does n attempt to h9d] ,black's developm5t1 he simply attempts to build up a position :i* he consid]s impregnable & f :i* he c />t an attack 9 due c\rse4 #f4 44444444 ,q ,p x ,b #if ,! alt]native1 ,kt ,p x ,b2 gives ,:ite ! be/ ( ! game1 )\t d\bt4#h #g4 ,p - ,q #c ,b - ,q #c #h4 ,b - ,kt #e ,?is move is n at all 9 accordance ) ! nature ( ?is v>iation4 ,! g5]al /rategical plan = ,:ite is to play ,p - ,k ,r #c1 to be foll[$ 9 "t by ! advance ( ! ,k ,kt ,p to ,kt #d1 & ! br++ ( ! ,q ,kt to ,k ,b #e via ,k #b & ,k ,kt #c or ,q #a & ,k #c4 ,!n1 if possible1 ! ,k ,kt is l9k$ ) ! o!r ,kt by plac+ x at ei!r ,k ,r #d1 ,k ,kt #c1 or ,k #c z ! occasion dem&s4 ,! ,:ite ,k+ sometimes rema9s at ,kt #a1 & o!r times x is plac$ at ,k ,kt #b1 b mo/ly at ,k ,r #a4 ,f9ally1 9 mo/ cases comes ,p - ,k ,b #d1 & !n ! real attack beg9s4 ,sometimes x is a direct assault aga9/ ! ,k+1#i & at o!r times x comes simply to f9ess+ = positional advantage 9 ! end-game1 aft] mo/ ( ! pieces h be5 ex*ang$4#aj #h4 44444444 ,p - ,k ,r #c #i4 ,b - ,r #d ,p - ,b #d #ig ,illu/ration ,to prev5t ,p - ,q #d & to draw ,:ite into play+ ,kt - ,q #e1 :i* w\ld prove fatal4 ,black's plan is to play ,p - ,k ,kt #d1 z soon z ! circum/ances p]mit1 9 ord] to free 8 ,que5 & ,knight f ! p9 by ! ,bi%op4 #aj4 ,kt - ,q #e ,:ite falls into ! trap4 ,only lack ( exp]i5ce c acc\nt = ?is move4 ,:ite %\ld h consid]$ t a play] ( my exp]i5ce & /r5g? c\ld nev] all[ su* a move if x 7 good4 #aj4 44444444 ,p - ,k ,kt #d ,illu/ration #ih ,aft] ?is move ,:ite's game is lo/4 ,:ite _c play ,kt x ,kt ,p1 because ,kt x ,kt w w9 a piece4 ,!re=e he mu/ play ,b - ,kt #c1 ei!r be=e or aft] ,kt x ,kt1 ) disa/r\s results 9 ei!r case1 z w be se54 #aa4 ,kt x ,kt * ,q x ,kt #ab4 ,b - ,kt #c ,b - ,kt #e #ac4 ,p - ,k ,r #c ,b x ,kt #ad4 ,q x ,b ,q x ,q #ae4 ,p x ,q ,p - ,k ,b #c ,illu/ration ,a simple exam9ation w %[ t ,:ite is m9us a ,bi%op = all practical purposes4 ,he c only free x by sacrific+ "o ,pawn1 & possibly n ev5 !n4 ,at lea/ x w\ld lose "t besides ! ,pawn4 ,black n[ devotes all 8 en]gy to ! ,que5's side1 &1 hav+ practically a ,bi%op m1 ! result _c be 9 d\bt4 ,! re/ ( ! game is giv51 s t ! /ud5t may see h[ simple x is to w9 su* a game4 #ii #af4 ,k - ,kt #b ,p - ,q ,r #d #ag4 ,p - ,q ,r #d ,k - ,b #b #ah4 ,r - ,r #a ,k - ,k #c #ai4 ,p - ,r #d ,k ,r - ,q ,kt #a ,!re is no necessity to pay any att5tion to ! ,k+'s side1 because ,:ite ga9s no?+ by ex*ang+ ,pawns & op5+ ! ,k+'s ,rook file4 #bj4 ,p x ,p ,r ,p x ,p #ba4 ,p - ,kt #c ,p - ,b #c #bb4 ,r - ,q ,r #b ,p - ,kt #d #bc4 ,k ,r - ,r #a ,p - ,b #e ,if ,:ite takes ! pr(f]$ ,pawn1 ,black rega9s x imm$iately by ,r - ,kt #e1 aft] ,p x ,b ,p4 #bd4 ,r ,p x ,p ,p x ,p 7,kt #f7 #be4 ,b ,p x ,p ,r x ,p #bf4 ,r - ,r #d ,r x ,p #bg4 ,p - ,q #d ,r - ,kt #d #bh4 ,r - ,b #d ,r - ,kt #e #bi4 ,r x ,b ,p ,r x ,p ,resigns 99 99 99 99 99 #be4 ,a ,,play]',s ,,motives ,,criticis$ ,,9 ,a ,,specim5 ,,game ,n[ t a few ( my games ) my own notes h be5 giv51 ,i (f] = close p]usal & /udy a v f9e game play$ by ,sir ,george ,?omas1 "o ( ,engl&'s =emo/ play]s1 aga9/ ,mr4 ,f4 ,f4 ,l4 ,alex&]1 9 ! *ampion%ip ( ! ,city ( ,london ,*ess ,club 9 ! w9t] ( #aiai-aibj4 ,x has ! #ajj int]e/+ feature = ! /ud5t t ,sir ,george ,?omas k9dly wrote ! notes to ! game = me at my reque/1 & ) ! und]/&+ t ,i w\ld make ! comm5ts on !m t ,i consid]$ appropriate4 ,sir ,george ,?omas' notes are 9 brackets & ?us w be di/+ui%$ f my own comm5ts4 ,,example #ee4--,que5's ,gambit ,decl9$4 7,! notes )9 brackets by ,sir ,george ,?omas47 ,:ite3 ,mr4 ,f4 ,f4 ,l4 ,alex&]4 ,black3 ,sir ,george ,?omas4 #a4 ,p - ,q #d ,p - ,q #d #b4 ,kt - ,k ,b #c ,kt - ,k ,b #c #c4 ,p - ,b #d ,p - ,k #c #d4 ,kt - ,b #c ,q ,kt - ,q #b #e4 ,b - ,kt #e ,p - ,b #c #f4 ,p - ,k #c ,q - ,r #d ,illu/ration 7,"o ( ! objects ( ,black's me?od ( def5ce is to attack ,:ite's ,q ,kt d\bly by ,kt - ,k #e1 foll[$ by ,p x ,p4 ,b #g ,kt - ,q #b is probably a /rong way #aja ( meet+ ?is ?reat47 ,!re are1 besides1 two good reasons = ?is me?od ( def5ce2 fir/1 t x is n z mu* play$ z "s ( ! o!r def5ces & consequ5tly n s well kn[n1 & second t x leaves ,black ) two ,bi%ops aga9/ ,b & ,kt1 :i*1 9 a g5]al way1 con/itutes an advantage4 #g4 ,b x ,kt ,kt x ,b #h4 ,p - ,q ,r #c ,kt - ,k #e #i4 ,q - ,kt #c ,b - ,k #b ,?is is n ! logical place = ! ,b :i* %\ld h be5 po/$ at ,q #c4 ,9 ! op5+1 "t is ( great importance1 & !re=e ! play] %\ld be extremely c>eful 9 8 developm5t & make sure t he po/s 8 pieces 9 ! "r places4 #aj4 ,b - ,q #c ,kt x ,kt #aa4 ,p x ,kt ,p x ,p #ab4 ,b x ,b ,p ,b - ,b #c 7,i did n want ,:ite's ,kt to come to ,k #e1 f :]e ,i c\ld n dislodge x by ,p - ,k ,b #c )\t weak5+ my ,k ,p47 ,! same result c\ld be accompli%$ by play+ ,b - ,q #c4 ,incid5tally x be>s out my previ\s /atem5t t ! ,b %\ld h be5 orig9ally play$ to ,q #c4 #ac4 ,o - ,o ,! alt]native 0 ,p - ,k #d1 foll[$ by ,p - ,k #e1 & !n ,o - ,o4 ,:ite w\ld !reby assume ! initiative b w\ld weak5 8 ,pawn position consid]ably1 & might be compell$ to /ake all on a #ajb viol5t attack aga9/ ! ,k+4 ,?is is a turn+ po9t 9 ! game1 & x is 9 su* positions t ! temp]am5t & /yle ( ! play] decide ! c\rse ( ! game4 #ac4 44444444 ,o - ,o #ad4 ,p - ,k #d ,p - ,k #d ,illu/ration #ae4 ,p - ,q #e 7,:ite might play #ae ,k ,r - ,q #a1 keep+ ! option ( break+ up ! c5tre lat] on4 ,i want$ him to advance ?is ,p z !re is n[ a f9e po/ = my ,b at ,q ,b #d47 ,by ?is move ,:ite %[s t he does n und]/& ! true value ( 8 position4 ,8 only advantage consi/$ 9 ! undevelop$ condition ( ,black's ,q ,b4 ,he %\ld !re=e h made a plan to prev5t ! ,b f com+ out1 or if t 7 n possible1 !n he %\ld try to =ce ,black to weak5 8 ,pawn position 9 ord] to come out ) ! ,b4 ,!re 7 ?ree moves to consid]3 fir/1 #ajc ,p - ,q ,r #d1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! ,:ite ,b 9 ! dom9at+ position t x n[ occupies4 ,?is w\ld h be5 met by ,q - ,b #b2 second1 ei!r ( ! ,rooks to ,q #a 9 ord] to ?reat5 #af ,p x ,p1 ,b x ,p2 #ag ,kt x ,b1 ,q x ,kt2 #ah ,b x ,p *4 ,?is w\ld h be5 met by ,b - ,kt #e2 & ?ird1 ,p - ,k ,r #c to prev5t ,b - ,kt #e & by play+ ei!r ,r to ,q #a1 foll[$ up z previ\sly /at$ to =ce ,black to play ,p - ,q ,kt #d1 :i* w\ld weak5 8 ,que5's side ,pawns4 ,?us by play+ ,p - ,k ,r #c ,:ite w\ld h atta9$ ! desir$ object4 ,! text move blocks ! action ( ! ,:ite ,b & facilitates ,black's developm5t4 ,h]eaft] ,:ite w act on ! def5sive1 & ! int]e/ ?r\gh\t ! re/ ( ! game w c5tre ma9ly on ,black's play & ! mann] 9 :i* he c>ries out ! attack4 #ae4 44444444 ,q - ,b #b #af4 ,b - ,q #c 7,?is seems wrong1 z x makes ! developm5t ( ,black's ,que5 w+ easi]4 ,at pres5t he _c play ,p - ,q ,kt #c1 because ( ! reply ,p x ,p foll[$ by ,b - ,q #e47 #af4 44444444 ,p - ,q ,kt #c #ag4 ,p - ,b #d ,b - ,kt #b #ah4 ,k ,r - ,b #a 7,) ! idea ( ,q ,r - ,kt #a & ,p - ,b #e4 ,b x only compels ,black to br+ 8 ,b to ,q ,b #d1 :i* he w\ld d 9 any case47 #ajd _/99 #ah4 44444444 ,b - ,k #b #ai4 ,r - ,b #b ,b - ,b #d #bj4 ,q - ,kt #b ,p - ,b #c 99_/ 7,x w\ld h be5 bett]1 probably1 to play #bj444,k ,r - ,k #a1 ) ! idea ( ,p - ,b #d pres5tly47 ,black's play h]eab\t is weak2 x lacks =ce1 & !re seems to be no well-def9$ plan ( attack4 ,x is true t ^! are ! mo/ difficult positions to h&le 9 a game4 ,9 su* cases a play] mu/ conceive a plan on a l>ge scale1 :i* promises *ances ( success1 & ) x all1 x mu/ be a plan t c be c>ri$ out ) ! means at 8 disposal4 ,f ! look ( ! position x seems t ,black's be/ *ance w\ld be to mass 8 =ces = an attack aga9/ ,:ite's c5tre1 to be foll[$ by a direct attack aga9/ ! ,k+4 ,he %\ld1 !re=e1 play ,q ,r - ,k #a1 ?reat5+ ,p - ,k ,b #d4 ,if ,:ite is able to defeat ?is plan1 or r to prev5t x1 !n1 once he has fix$ "s ( ! ,:ite pieces on ! ,k+'s side1 he %\ld quickly %ift 8 attack to ! ,que5's side1 & op5 a l9e = 8 ,rooks1 :i*1 once !y ent] 9 action1 %\ld produce an advantage on acc\nt ( ! great p[] ( ! two ,bi%ops4 #ba4 ,q ,r - ,kt #a ,q ,r - ,q #a #bb4 ,p - ,q ,r #d ,b - ,r #c #bc4 ,r - ,q #a 7,:ite has cle>ly lo/ "t ) 8 ,rook's moves47 #bc4 44444444 ,k ,r - ,k #a #bd4 ,q - ,kt #c #aje 7,to br+ 8 ,que5 across aft] ,kt - ,r #d & ,b - ,k #b47 #bd4 44444444 ,r - ,q #c #be4 ,kt - ,r #d ,p - ,kt #c #bf4 ,b - ,k #b ,illu/ration #bf4 44444444 ,p x ,p 7,i ?\ght ?is ex*ange necess>y "h1 z ,:ite is ?reat5+ to play 8 ,bi%op via ,kt #d to ,k #f4 ,if he retook ) ! ,bi%op's ,pawn ,i int5d$ to ex*ange ,bi%ops & rely on ! two ,pawns to "o on ! ,que5's w+4 ,i did n expect him to retake x ) ! ,k+'s ,pawn1 :i* seem$ to expose him to a viol5t ,k+'s side attack47 ,black's judgm5t 9 ?is in/ance ,i believe to be faulty4 ,_h ,:ite retak5 ) ! ,b ,p1 z he expect$1 he w\ld h _h ! wor/ ( ! ,pawn position1 z ,:ite w\ld h _h a pass$ ,pawn well support$ on ! ,que5's side4 ,8 only advantage w\ld lie 9 8 hav+ a v well po/$ ,bi%op aga9/ a badly #ajf po/$ ,knight1 & on ! fact t 9 su* positions z ! above1 ! ,bi%op is inv>iably /rong] ?an ! ,knight4 ,he c\ld & %\ld h prev5t$ all t1 by play+ ,b - ,b #a1 z1 _h ,:ite !n repli$ ) ,q - ,kt #c1 he c\ld !n play ,p x ,p1 & ,:ite w\ld n h be5 able to retake ) ! ,b ,p on acc\nt ( ,b x ,p * w9n+ ! ex*ange4 #bg4 ,k ,p x ,p ,p - ,k #e #bh4 ,p - ,kt #c ,p - ,k #f ,i d n l ?is move4 ,x w\ld h be5 bett] to hold x 9 res]ve & to h play$ ,p - ,b #d1 to be foll[$ 9 due "t by ,p - ,k ,kt #d & ,p - ,b #e1 aft] hav+ plac$ ! ,q at ,q #b1 ,k ,b #b1 or "s o!r squ>e z ! occasion dem&$4 ,! text move blocks ! action ( ! p[]ful ,b at ,q ,b #d1 & t5ds to make ,:ite's position saf] ?an x %\ld h be54 ,! move 9 itself is a v /rong attack+ move1 b x is isolat$1 & !re is no effective cont9uation4 ,su* advances z a rule %\ld only be made :5 !y c be foll[$ by a conc]t$ action ( ! pieces4 #bi4 ,p - ,b #d ,b - ,b #a #cj4 ,kt - ,b #c ,b - ,b #d #ca4 ,r - ,kt #b ,r - ,k #e #cb4 ,k - ,kt #b ,q - ,b #a #cc4 ,kt - ,kt #a ,p - ,k ,kt #d #ajg 7,if n[ #cd ,b - ,b #c1 ,p x ,p2 #ce ,b x ,r1 ,b x ,b *1 ) a w9n+ attack47 #cd4 ,p x ,p ,p x ,p #ce4 ,r - ,k ,b #a ,p - ,kt #e ,r - ,r #c 0 ! alt]native4 ,:ite's only move w\ld h be5 ,k - ,r #a4 ,! position n[ is evid5tly won = ,black1 & x is only a "q ( f9d+ ! "r c\rse4 ,! f9al attack is n[ c>ri$ on by ,sir ,george ,?omas 9 an irreproa*able mann]4 #cf4 ,b - ,q #c ,r - ,k ,b #c #cg4 ,kt - ,k #b ,q - ,b #a ,illu/ration 7,aga9 prev5t+ ,b x ,r1 by ! mask$ attack on ,:ite's ,rook4 ,:ite !re=e protects 8 ,rook47 ,if ,kt - ,b #d1 ,p - ,k #g 62 #ci ,kt x ,p1 ,r x ,kt *2 #dj ,r x ,r1 ,b - ,k #e * 662 #da ,b x ,b1 be/1 ,r x ,r & ,:ite is lo/4 ,if1 h[ev]1 aga9/ #ch ,kt - ,b #d1 ,black plays ,q - ,r #c1 & ,:ite #ci ,q - ,b #b1 ,i take pleasure #ajh 9 (f]+ ! position to my read]s z a mo/ beautiful & extraord9>y w9 = ,black1 beg9n+ ) #ci444,q - ,r #f * 666 ,i leave ! v>iations = ! /ud5t to "w out4 #ch4 ,r 7,kt #b7 - ,kt #a ,q - ,r #c #ci4 ,q - ,b #b 7,mak+ a d\ble attack on ! ,rook--:i* /ill _c be tak5--& prep>+ to def5d ! ,k ,r ,p47 ,if ei!r ! ,rook or ,bi%op are tak5 ,:ite w\ld be mat$ 9 a few moves4 #ci4 44444444 ,q - ,r #f * #dj4 ,k - ,r #a ,r x ,p 66 ,illu/ration 7,if #dj444,r - ,r #c2 #da ,kt - ,kt #a1 ,q x ,kt ,p2 #db ,q - ,k ,kt #b4 ,black !re=e tries to get ! ,que5 away f ! def5ce47 ,a v beautiful move1 & ! be/ way to c>ry on ! attack4 #da4 ,q x ,r #aji 7,! be/ def5ce 0 #da ,r x ,b1 b ,black w\ld em]ge ) ,que5 aga9/ ,rook & ,knight47 #da4 44444444 ,b x ,b 7,aga91 n ,r - ,k ,r #c2 because ( ,p - ,q #f dis4 *47 #db4 ,r x ,r 7,if #db ,q x ,b1 !n1 at la/1 ,r - ,r #c w9s47 #db4 44444444 ,b x ,q #dc4 ,kt - ,b #d ,p - ,k #g 6 ,illu/ration 7,! ,que5 has no escape1 b ,:ite has no "t to take x47 #dd4 ,r - ,k ,kt #a ,q - ,b #h ,:ite resigns4 ,a v f9e f9i%4 99 99 99 99 99 #aaj ,,*apt] ,v ,,end-,,game ,,/rategy ,we mu/ n[ rev]t once m to ! end+s4 ,_! importance w h become evid5t to ! /ud5t :o has tak5 ! tr\ble to /udy my game ) ,jan[ski 7,example #ec74 ,aft] an unev5tful op5+--a ,ruy ,lopez--9 "o ( its normal v>iations1 my oppon5t sudd5ly made ?+s int]e/+ by (f]+ ! ex*ange2 an (f] :i*1 ( c\rse1 ,i accept$4 ,!n foll[$ a v h>d1 ardu\s /ruggle1 9 :i* ,i _h to def5d myself aga9/ a v dang]\s attack made possible by ! excell5t manoeuvr+ ( my adv]s>y4 ,f9ally1 !re came ! "t :5 ,i c\ld give back ! mat]ial & *ange (f mo/ ( ! pieces1 & come to an end+ 9 :i* ,i cle>ly _h ! advantage4 ,b yet ! end+ itself 0 n z simple z x at fir/ appe>$1 & f9ally--p]haps ?r\gh "o weak move on my "p--x became a v difficult matt] to f9d a w94 ,_h ,i be5 a weak end-game play] ! game w\ld probably h end$ 9 a draw1 & all my previ\s ef=ts w\ld h be5 9 va94 ,un=tunately1 t is v (t5 ! case among ! l>ge majority ( play]s2 !y are weak 9 ! end+s2 a fail+ f :i* ma/]s ( ! fir/ rank are at times n free4 #aaa ,incid5tally1 ,i might call att5tion to ! fact t all ! _w's *ampions ( ! la/ sixty ye>s h be5 exce$+ly /rong 9 ! end+s3 ,morphy1 ,/e9itz1 & ,dr4 ,lask] _h no sup]iors 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( ! game :ile !y held _! titles4 #bf4 ,,! ,,sudd5 ,,attack ,,f ,a ,,diff]5t ,,side ,i h previ\sly /at$1 :5 speak+ ab\t g5]al !ory1 t at times ! way to w9 consi/s 9 attack+ fir/ on "o side1 !n1 grant$ great] mobility ( ! pieces1 to transf] ! attack quickly f "o side to ! o!r1 break+ ?r\gh be=e y\r oppon5t has be5 able to br+ up suffici5t =ces to )/& ! attack4 ,?is pr9ciple ( ! middle-game c sometimes be appli$ 9 ! end+s 9 some:at simil> mann]4 ,,example #ef4 ,illu/ration #aab ,9 ! above position ,i1 ) ! ,black pieces1 play$3 #a4 44444444 ,r - ,k #e * #b4 ,r - ,k #b ,r - ,q ,r #e #c4 ,r - ,r #b ,p - ,k ,r #d ,! idea1 z w be se5 v soon1 is to play ,p - ,r #e 9 ord] to fix ,:ite's ,k+'s side ,pawns ) a view to ! future4 ,x is evid5t to ,black t ,:ite wants to br+ 8 ,k+ to ,q ,kt #c to support 8 two weak isolat$ ,pawns1 & ?us to free 8 ,rooks4 ,black1 !re=e1 makes a plan to %ift ! attack to ! ,k+'s side at ! prop] "t1 9 ord] to obta9 "s advantage f ! great] mobility ( 8 ,rooks4 #d4 ,r - ,q #a ,r 7,q #d7 - ,q ,r #d 9 ord] to =ce ! ,rook to ,rook's squ>e1 keep+ bo? ,rooks ti$ up4 #e4 ,r 7,q #a7 - ,r #a ,p - ,r #e #f4 ,k - ,q #b ,k - ,kt #b #g4 ,k - ,b #b ,r - ,k ,kt #d ,black beg9s to transf] 8 attack to ! ,k+'s side4 #h4 ,r - ,k ,kt #a ,a s]i\s mi/ake1 :i* loses quickly4 ,:ite %\ld h play$ #h ,k - ,kt #c1 :5 ,black w\ld h answ]$ #h444,r 7,r #e7 - ,r #d2 #i ,p - ,b #c1 & ,black w\ld h obta9$ an op5+ at ,k ,kt #f = 8 ,k+1 :i* 9 ! end might give him ! victory4 #h4 44444444 ,r - ,k ,b #e #aac ,n[ ! ,k+ _c g to ,kt #c1 because ( ,r - ,kt #d *4 #i4 ,k - ,q #c ,r - ,b #f * #aj4 ,k - ,k #b ,if ,p x ,r1 ,r x ,r2 foll[$ by ,r - ,k ,r #h w9n+1 #aj4 44444444 ,r x ,r ,p & ,black won aft] a few moves4 ,,example #eg4--;,ano!r good example1 9 :i* is %[n ! advantage ( ! great] mobility ( ! pieces 9 an end+1 is ! foll[+ f a game ,capablanca-,kup*ick play$ at ! ,havana ,ma/]s ,t\rnam5t1 #aiac4 ,! full score & notes ( ! game c be f\nd 9 ! book ( ! t\rnam5t4 ,illu/ration ,:ite's only advantage 9 ! above position is t he possesses ! op5 file & has ! move1 :i* w secure him ! initiative4 ,!re is also ! slight advantage ( hav+ 8 ,pawns on ! ,que5's side unit$1 :ile ,black has an isolat$ ,q ,r ,p4 ,! #aad prop] c\rse1 z 9 ! previ\s end+1 is to br+ ! ,rooks =w>d1 s t at lea/ "o ( !m may be able to %ift f "o side ( ! bo>d to ! o!r1 & ?us keep ,black's ,rooks f mov+ freely4 ,:at ?is means 9 g5]al !ory has be5 /at$ already2 x really means3 keep h>ass+ ! enemy2 =ce him to use 8 big pieces to def5d ,pawns4 ,if he has a weak po9t1 try to make x weak]1 or create ano!r weakness some:]e else & 8 position w collapse soon] or lat]4 ,if he has a weakness1 & he c get rid ( x1 make sure t y create ano!r weakness some:]e else4 ,f ! position 9 "q ! game cont9u$ ?us3 #a4 ,r - ,k #d ,k ,r - ,k #a ) ! object ( repeat+ ,:ite's manoeuvre1 & also n to all[ ,:ite ! control ( ! op5 file4 #b4 ,q ,r - ,k #a ,r - ,k #c #c4 ,q ,r - ,k #c ,r 7,b #a7 - ,k #a #d4 ,k - ,b #a ,k - ,b #a ,black wants to br+ 8 ,k+ to ! c5tre ( ! bo>d 9 ord] to be ne>] to :atev] po9t ,:ite decides to attack4 ,! move is ju/ifi$ at lea/ on ! g5]al rule t 9 su* end+s ! ,k+ %\ld be 9 ! middle ( ! bo>d4 ,he does no?+ aft] all b foll[ ,:ite's foot/eps4 ,besides1 x is h>d to po9t out any?+ bett]4 ,if #d444,p - ,q #d2 #e ,r - ,kt #d *1 foll[$ by ,k - ,k #b1 w\ld leave ,black 9 #aae a v disagreeable position4 ,if #d444,p - ,k ,b #d2 #e ,r - ,q #d6 ,r x ,r8 #f ,p x ,r1 ,r x ,p2 #g ,k - ,b #b1 ,r - ,k #b2 #h ,r - ,q ,r #d1 w9n+ ! ,q ,r ,p1 :i* w\ld practically leave ,:ite ) a pass$ ,pawn ahead on ! ,que5's side1 z ! ?ree ,pawns ( ,black on ! ,k+'s side w\ld be held by ! two ( ,:ite4 #e4 ,k - ,k #b ,k - ,k #b #f4 ,r - ,q ,r #d ,r - ,q ,r #a ,! /ud5t %\ld note t ?r\gh ! same manoeuvre ,black is =c$ into a position simil> to ! "o %[n 9 ! previ\s end+4 #g4 ,r - ,r #e6 ,?is move has a manifold object4 ,x practically fixes all ( ,black's ,pawns except ! ,q ,p1 :i* is ! only "o t c advance two squ>es4 ,x specially prev5ts ! advance ( ,black's ,k ,b ,pawns1 & at ! same "t ?reat5s ! advance ( ,:ite's ,k ,b ,pawns to ,b #d & ,b #e4 ,by ?is ?reat x practically =ces ,black to play ,p - ,q #d1 :i* is all ,:ite desires1 = reasons t w soon become evid5t4 #g4 44444444 ,p - ,q #d #h4 ,p - ,q ,b #d6 ,k - ,q #c ,evid5tly =c$1 z ! only o!r move to save a ,pawn w\ld h be5 ,p x ,p1 :i* w\ld h left all ,black's ,pawns isolat$ & weak4 ,if #h444,p - ,q #e2 #i ,r - ,k #d1 ,k - ,q #c2 #aj ,p - ,q ,kt #d6 ,r - ,k #d2 #aa ,r - ,r #f1 & ,black's game is hopeless4 #i4 ,p - ,b #e * ,k - ,q #b #aj4 ,p - ,q #d ,p - ,b #d #aaf ,app>5tly v /rong1 s9ce x =ces ! ex*ange ( ,rooks because ( ! ?reat ,r - ,r #c2 b 9 reality x leads to no?+4 ,! be/ *ance 0 to play ,r - ,k ,k #a4 #aa4 ,r x ,r ,p x ,r #ab4 ,p - ,b #d ,up to n[ ,:ite _h play$ ) f9esse1 b ?is la/ move is weak4 ,r - ,r #f 0 ! prop] way to cont9ue1 s z to =ce ,black to give up 8 ,q ,r ,p or ,q ,b ,p4 #ab4 44444444 ,k - ,b #a #ac4 ,k - ,q #b ,aga9 a bad move4 #ac ,r - ,r #c 0 ! prop] cont9uation1 & if !n #ac444,r - ,kt #a2 #ad ,p - ,kt #c1 ,k - ,kt #b2 #ae ,p - ,kt #d1 ,k - ,r #a2 #af ,r - ,q ,kt #c1 ) excell5t w9n+ *ances2 9 fact1 ,i believe1 a won game4 ,illu/ration #ac4 44444444 ,k - ,kt #b ,black misses 8 only *ance4 ,r - ,kt #a w\ld h drawn4 #aag #ad4 ,r - ,r #c ,r - ,k ,kt #a #ae4 ,r - ,r #c ,r - ,kt #b #af4 ,k - ,k #b ,k - ,r #c #ag4 ,r - ,r #f ,r - ,k #b #ah4 ,k - ,q #c ,k - ,kt #b ,he goes back ) ! ,k+ to support 8 ,k ,p1 & ?us be able to utilise 8 ,rook4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 useless1 & only ,:ite's weak play lat] on gives him fur!r *ances ( a draw4 #ai4 ,p - ,k ,r #d ,k - ,b #a #bj4 ,r - ,r #e ,to prev5t ! ,black ,rook f controll+ ! op5 file #bj4 44444444 ,k - ,q #b #ba4 ,r - ,kt #e ,r - ,b #b #bb4 ,k - ,b #c ,k - ,b #a ,he mu/ keep 8 ,k+ on t side because ,:ite ?reat5s to m>* ) 8 ,k+ to ,r #f via ,kt #d4 #bc4 ,k - ,kt #d ,r - ,b #c #bd4 ,k - ,r #e ,k - ,kt #b #be4 ,p - ,r #d ,p - ,q ,r #c #bf4 ,p - ,r #e ,r - ,r #c ,he c d no?+ b wait = ,:ite4 ,! text move /ops ,:ite f mov+ 8 ,rook1 b only = "o move4 #bg4 ,p - ,kt #d ,r - ,b #c ,! only o!r move 0 ,k - ,r #b2 :5 ,:ite c\ld play ,r - ,kt #g1 or ev5 ,p - ,kt #e4 #aah ,illu/ration #bh4 ,p - ,kt #e ,a weak move1 :i* gives ,black a fight+ *ance4 ,9 ?is end+1 z is (t5 ! case ) mo/ play]s1 ,:ite plays ! be/ moves :5ev] ! situation is difficult & requires c>eful h&l+1 b once 8 position seems to be ov]:elm+ he relaxes 8 ef=ts & ! result is no?+ to be pr\d (4 ,! "r move 0 #bh ,r - ,kt #g4 #bh4 44444444 ,r ,p x ,p #bi4 ,p x ,p ,r - ,b #a 6 #cj4 ,r - ,kt #g ,r - ,r #a * #ca4 ,k - ,kt #d ,p x ,p #cb4 ,k x ,p ,r - ,r #g #cc4 ,p - ,b #f * ,k - ,kt #a #cd4 ,r x ,r ,p ,r - ,kt #g * #ce4 ,k - ,r #e ,r - ,r #g * #cf4 ,k - ,kt #d ,r x ,p ,black misses 8 la/ *ance3 ,r - ,kt #g *1 =c+ ! ,k+ to ,b #c1 9 ord] to avoid ! p]petual1 #aai w\ld probably draw4 ,! read] mu/ be> 9 m9d t my oppon5t 0 !n a v "y & inexp]i5c$ play]1 & consequ5tly des]ves a great deal ( cr$it = ! fight he put up4 #cg4 ,r - ,k #g ,r x ,p ,r - ,kt #g *2 foll[$ by ,r - ,k ,r #g1 (f]$ bett] *ances4 #ch4 ,p - ,r #f6 ,r x ,p * #ci4 ,k - ,kt #e ,r - ,q #h #dj4 ,p - ,r #g ,r - ,kt #h * #da4 ,k - ,b #e ,r - ,b #h * #db4 ,k - ,q #d ,r - ,q #h * #dc4 ,k - ,k #e ,r - ,k #h * #dd4 ,k - ,b #f ,r - ,k ,r #h #de4 ,r - ,k #h * ,k - ,r #b #df4 ,p - ,r #h 7,q7 ,r x ,q #dg4 ,r x ,r ,k - ,kt #c #dh4 ,k x ,p ,k x ,p #di4 ,k x ,p ,k - ,b #d #ej4 ,k - ,k #e ,resigns4 ,?is end+ %[s h[ easy x is to make weak moves1 & h[ (t51 ev5 9 ma/]-play1 mi/akes are made & opportunities are lo/4 ,x %[s t1 s long z !re is no great advantage ( mat]ial1 ev5 ) a good position1 a play]1 no matt] h[ /rong1 _c af=d to relax 8 att5tion ev5 = "o move4 #abj 99 99 99 99 99 #bg4 ,,! ,,dang] ,,( ,a ,,safe ,,position ,,example #eh4--;,a good pro( ( ! previ\s /atem5t is %[n 9 ! foll[+ end+ betwe5 ,m>%all & ,kup*ick 9 "o ( _! two games 9 ! same ,t\rnam5t 7,havana1 #aiac74 ,illu/ration ,x is evid5t t ,m>%all 7,:ite7 is "u great difficulties 9 ! above position4 ,n only is he b\nd to lose a ,pawn1 b 8 position is r poor4 ,! be/ he c\ld hope = 0 a draw unless some?+ altoge!r unexpect$ happ5$1 z x did4 ,no reason c be giv5 = ,black's loss ( ! game except t he felt s c]ta9 ( hav+ ! be/ ( x ) a ,pawn m & :at he consid]$ a safe position1 t he became exce$+ly c>eless & did n consid] ! dang] t actually exi/$4 ,let u see h[ x happ5$4 #a4 ,p - ,kt #d ,r x ,r ,p #aba ,! mi/akes beg94 ,?is is ! fir/4 ,black sees t he c take a ,pawn )\t any dang]1 & does n /op to ?9k :e!r !re is any?+ bett]4 ,r - ,b #g * 0 ! "r move4 ,if !n ,k - ,kt #c1 ,r x ,p4 ,if in/ead ,:ite play$ ,k - ,k #d1 !n ,r - ,k #d * foll[$ by ,r x ,r ,p4 #b4 ,r - ,q #a ,r - ,r #e * ,mi/ake numb] two1 & ?is "t su* a s]i\s "o z to almo/ lose ! game4 ,! prop] move 0 to play ,p - ,b #d 9 ord] to break up ,:ite's ,pawns & at ! same "t make room = ! ,black ,k+1 :i* is actually 9 dang]1 z w soon be se54 #c4 ,r - ,q #d ,r 7,r#e7 - ,r #d ,mi/ake numb] ?ree & ?is "t fatal4 ,8 be/ move 0 ,r 7,kt #d7 - ,r #d4 ,aft] ! text move !re is no def5ce4 ,black's game is lo/4 ,?is %[s t ev5 an app>5tly simple end+ has to be play$ ) c>e4 ,f a practically won position ,black f9ds himself ) a lo/ game1 & x has only tak5 ?ree moves4 #d4 ,r 7,q #d7 - ,q #h ,r - ,kt #b ,if #d444,p - ,b #d2 #e ,r - ,r #h *1 ,k - ,kt #c2 #f ,r 7,b #h7 - ,kt #h *1 ,k - ,b #c2 #g ,r x ,p *1 ,r - ,kt #c2 #h ,p - ,kt #e *1 ,k - ,k #b2 #i ,r 7,r #f7 x ,r1 ,p x ,r2 #aj ,r - ,kt #g *1 ,k - ,k #a2 #aa ,r x ,kt ,p1 & w9s easily4 #e4 ,p - ,r #d ,p - ,r #d #f4 ,r - ,r #h * ,resigns4 ,! reason is evid5t4 ,if #f444,k - ,kt #c2 #g ,p x ,p *1 #abb ,r x ,p2 #h ,r x ,r1 ,k x ,r2 #i ,r - ,r #h *1 ,k - ,kt #c2 #aj ,p - ,r #e mate4 99 99 99 99 99 #bh4 ,,end+s ,,) ,,"o ,,rook ,,& ,,pawns ,! read] has probably realis$ by ?is "t t end+s ( two ,rooks & ,pawns are v difficult1 & t ! same holds true = end+s ( "o ,rook & ,pawns4 ,end+s ( two ,rooks & ,pawns are n v common 9 actual play2 b end+s ( "o ,rook & ,pawns are ab\t ! mo/ common sort ( end+s aris+ on ! *ess bo>d4 ,yet ?\gh !y d occur s (t51 few h ma/]$ !m ?or\ghly4 ,!y are (t5 ( a v difficult nature1 & sometimes :ile app>5tly v simple !y are 9 reality extremely intricate4 ,"h is an example f a game betwe5 ,m>%all & ,ros5?al 9 ! ,manhattan ,*ess ,club ,*ampion%ip ,t\rnam5t ( #aiji-aiaj4 ,,example #ei4 ,illu/ration #abc ,9 ?is position ,m>%all _h a simple w9 by ,r - ,b #g *1 b play$ ,p - ,b #f1 & !reby gave ,black a *ance to draw4 ,luckily = him ,black did n see ! draw+ move1 play$ poorly1 & lo/4 ,_h ,black be5 up to ! situation he w\ld h drawn by play+ ,r - ,q #c4 #a4 ,p - ,b #f ,r - ,q #c 6 ,n[ ,:ite has two cont9uations1 ei!r 7a7 ,p - ,b #g1 or 7b7 ,r - ,b #g *4 ,we h !re=e3 7a7 #b4 ,p - ,b #g ,r - ,q #a 6 #c4 ,r - ,r #e * ,k - ,b #e & ,:ite w f9ally h to sacrifice ! ,rook = ,black's ,pawn4 ,or-- 7b7 #b4 ,r - ,b #g * ,k - ,q #e 6 #c4 ,p - ,b #g ,r - ,kt #c * 6 a v important move1 z aga9/ ,r - ,k ,b #c1 ,r - ,k #g w9s4 #d4 ,k - ,b #a ,r - ,k ,b #c #e4 ,r - ,kt #g ,k - ,b #f & ,:ite w f9ally h to sacrifice ! ,rook = ! ,pawn1 or draw by p]petual *eck4 ,if !re 7 no?+ m 9 ! end+ x w\ld n be ( any great value1 b !re are o!r v int]e/+ features4 ,n[ suppose t aft] #a ,p - ,b #f1 ,r - ,q #c2 #b ,p - ,b #g1 ,black did n realise t ,r - ,q #a 0 ! only move to draw4 #abd ,we w\ld !n h ! foll[+ position3 ,illu/ration ,n[ !re w\ld be two o!r moves to try3 ei!r 7a7 ,r - ,kt #c *1 or 7b7 ,r - ,k ,b #c4 ,let u exam9e !m4 7a7 #a4 44444444 ,r - ,kt #c * #b4 ,k - ,b #c ,r - ,b #c * #c4 ,k - ,k #c ,r - ,k #c * ,if ,p - ,kt #f2 ,r - ,r #e * w9s1 because if ! ,k+ goes back1 !n ,r - ,r #f1 & if ! ,k+ goes up1 !n ,r - ,r #d *1 foll[$ by ,r - ,k ,b #d w9s4 #d4 ,k - ,q #c ,r - ,k ,b #c ,if ,r - ,q #c *2 ,k - ,k #d w9s4 #e4 ,r - ,r #e * ,k moves #f4 ,r - ,r #f w9s 7b7 #a4 44444444 ,r - ,b #c #b4 ,r - ,kt #g 6 ,k - ,b #e ,if ,p - ,kt #f2 ,r - ,kt #c1 & ,:ite w ei!r capture ! ,pawn or g to ,k ,b #c1 & come out ) a w9n+ end+4 #abe #c4 ,p - ,r #d ,p - ,kt #f #d4 ,r - ,kt #d * ,k moves #e4 ,r - ,kt #c & ,:ite w ei!r capture ! ,pawn or play ,r - ,k ,b #c1 accord+ to ! circum/ances1 & come out ) a w9n+ end+4 ,n[1 go+ back to ! position %[n on page #abb1 suppose t aft] #a ,p - ,b #f1 ,r - ,q #c2 #b ,r - ,b #g *1 ,black did n realise t ,k - ,q #e 0 ! only move to draw1 & consequ5tly play$ ,k - ,kt #c in/ead1 we w\ld !n h ! foll[+ position3 ,illu/ration ,n[ ! be/ cont9uation w\ld be3 #a4 ,p - ,b #g ,r - ,kt #c * 7be/7 #b4 ,k - ,b #a ,r - ,k ,b #c #c4 ,r - ,k #g 6 ,k - ,b #d 7be/7 ,:ite ?reat5$ to *eck ) ! ,rook at ,k #f4 #d4 ,k - ,k #b ,p - ,kt #f #abf ,be/4 ,if ,k - ,b #e2 bo? ,p - ,r #d & ,k - ,k #c w w92 ! la/-nam$ move p>ticul>ly w\ld w9 ) ease4 #e4 ,r - ,k #c ,p - ,kt #g 7be/7 #f4 ,r - ,q ,kt #c ,r x ,p #g4 ,r x ,p ,r - ,k ,r #b #h4 ,r - ,q #b ,r x ,p #i4 ,k - ,k #c ,illu/ration ,?is position we h arriv$ at is won by ,:ite1 because !re are two files betwe5 ! oppos+ ,k+ & ! ,pawn f :i* ! ,k+ is cut (f by ! ,rook1 & besides1 ! ,pawn c advance to ! f\r? rank be=e ! oppon5t's ,rook c beg9 to *eck on ! file4 ,?is la/ condition is v important1 because if1 in/ead ( ! position on ! diagram1 ! ,black ,rook 7 at ,k ,r #a1 & ,black _h ! move1 he c\ld draw by prev5t+ ! #abg advance ( ! ,pawn1 ei!r ?r\gh con/ant *ecks or by play+ ,r - ,k ,b #a at ! prop] "t4 ,n[ t we h expla9$ ! reasons :y ?is position is won1 we leave x to ! /ud5t to "w out ! correct solution4 ,! fact t out ( "o app>5tly simple end+ we h be5 able to "w out sev]al mo/ unusual & difficult end+s %\ld be suffici5t to impress ^u ! /ud5t's m9d ! necessity ( becom+ well acqua9t$ ) all k9ds ( end+s1 & especially ) end+s ( ,rook & ,pawns4 99 99 99 99 99 #bi4 ,a ,,difficult ,,end+3 ,,two ,,rooks ,,& ,,pawns ,foll[+ our idea t ! be/ way to le>n end+s z well z op5+s is to /udy ! games ( ! ma/]s1 we give two m end+s ( two ,rooks & ,pawns4 ,^! end+s1 z already /at$1 are n v common1 & ! au?or is =tunate 9 hav+ himself play$ m ( ^! end+s ?an is g5]ally ! case4 ,by c>efully comp>+ & /udy+ ! end+s already giv5 7,examples #ef & #eg7 ) ! foll[+1 ! /ud5t no d\bt c obta9 an idea ( ! prop] me?od to be foll[$ 9 su* cases4 ,! way ( proc$ure is some:at simil> 9 all ( !m4 ,,example #fj4--;,f a game1 ,capablanca-,kreymborg1 9 ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,*ampion%ip ,t\rnam5t ( #aiaj4 #abh ,illu/ration ,x is ,black's move1 & no d\bt ?9k+ t draw+ su* a position 7t 0 all ,black play$ =7 w\ld be easy1 he cont5t$ himself ) a wait+ policy4 ,su* conduct mu/ always be criticis$4 ,x (t5 leads to disa/]4 ,! be/ way to def5d su* positions is to assume ! initiative & keep ! oppon5t on ! def5sive4 #a4 44444444 ,q ,r - ,k #a ,! fir/ move is already wrong4 ,!re is no?+ to ga9 by ?is move4 ,black %\ld play ,p - ,q ,r #d2 to be foll[$ by ,p - ,q ,r #e2 unless ,:ite plays ,p - ,q ,kt #c4 ,t w\ld fix ! ,que5's side4 ,aft] t he c\ld decide :at demon/ration he c\ld make ) 8 ,rooks to keep ! oppon5t's ,rooks at bay4 #b4 ,r - ,q #d ,?is move n only prev5ts ,p - ,b #e :i* ,black int5d$1 b ?reat5s ,p - ,kt #c1 foll[$1 aft] #abi ,p x ,p *1 by ! attack ) "o or bo? ,rooks aga9/ ,black's ,q ,r ,p4 #b4 44444444 ,r - ,b #c probably ) ! idea ( a demon/ration on ! ,k+'s side by ,r - ,kt #c & ,kt #g4 #c4 ,p - ,kt #c ,p x ,p * #d4 ,p x ,p ,k - ,b #b #e4 ,k - ,q #c ,r - ,q ,r #a %\ld h be5 play$ n[1 9 ord] to =ce ,black to def5d ) ,r - ,k #b4 ,:ite1 h[ev]1 does n want to disclose 8 plan at once1 & ?us awak5 ,black to ! dang] ( 8 position1 h5ce ?is move1 :i* seems to aim at ! disruption ( ,black's ,que5's side ,pawns4 #e4 44444444 ,r - ,k #b #f4 ,r - ,q ,r #a ,k - ,k #c ,?is is a mi/ake4 ,black is unaw>e ( ! dang] ( 8 position4 ,he %\ld h play$ ,p - ,kt #d2 ?reat5+ ,r - ,r #c1 &1 by mak+ ?is demon/ration aga9/ ,:ite's ,k ,r ,p1 /op ! attack aga9/ 8 ,que5's side ,pawns1 :i* w n[ develop4 #g4 ,r - ,r #f ,r - ,q ,b #b ,he c\ld n play ,k - ,q #c1 because ,p - ,q ,b #d w\ld w9 at lea/ a ,pawn4 ,?is 9 itself condemns 8 la/ move ,k - ,k #c1 :i* has done no?+ b make 8 situation practically hopeless4 #h4 ,r 7,q #d7 - ,q ,r #d ,p - ,k ,kt #d ,n[ =c$1 b x is a little too late4 ,he c\ld n play #h444,k ,r - ,b #b1 because ,p - ,k ,b #d w\ld h #acj left 8 game completely p>alys$4 ,black n[ f9ally awak5s to ! dang]1 & tries to save ! day by ! c\nt]-demon/ration on ! ,k+'s side1 :i* he %\ld h />t$ be=e4 ,( c\rse1 ,:ite _c play ,r x ,r ,p1 because ( ,r x ,r1 foll[$ by ,r - ,r #c1 recov]+ ! ,pawn ) advantage4 #i4 ,p - ,k ,r #d 6 ,p - ,kt #e ,black is n[ 9 a v disagreeable position4 ,if he play$ #i444,p x ,p2 #aj ,r x ,p w\ld leave him 9 a v awkw>d situation1 z he c\ld n g back ) ! ,k+1 nor c\ld he d mu* ) ei!r ,rook4 ,he practically w\ld h to play #aj444,p - ,k ,r #c1 :5 ,:ite w\ld answ] #aa ,p - ,kt #d1 ?reat5+ to w9 a ,pawn by ,p - ,kt #e1 or1 if t 7 n en\gh1 he might play ,k - ,q #d1 to be foll[$ f9ally by ! entry ( ! ,k+ at ,b #e or ,k #e4 #aj4 ,k - ,k #b ,illu/ration #aca _/99 #aj4 44444444 ,p x ,p * 99_/ ,aga9 he _c play ,p - ,k ,r #d1 because ,p - ,k ,b #d w\ld leave him p>alys$4 ,! advance ( 8 ,k ,r ,p w\ld make ,:ite's ,k ,r ,p safe1 & consequ5tly 8 ,k ,r w\ld h to retire to ,k ,b #b to def5d ! ,q ,r ,p4 ,t w\ld make x impossible = 8 ,k+ to g to ,q #b1 because ( ! ,q ,r ,p1 nor c\ld he advance a s+le "o ( 8 ,pawns4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,:ite w\ld play ,p - ,kt #d1 ?reat5+ to w9 a ,pawn by ,p - ,kt #e1 or he might fir/ play ,k - ,q #d1 & !n at ! prop] "t ,p - ,kt #e1 if !re 0 no?+ bett]4 ,black mean:ile c\ld really d no?+ b m>k "t ) "o ( 8 ,rooks4 ,comp>e ?is bottl+-up sy/em ) ! end+ 9 ,example #eg1 & x w be se5 t x is v simil>4 #aa4 ,k x ,p ,r 7,b #c7 - ,b #b #ab4 ,k - ,k #b ,probably wrong4 ,p - ,kt #d at once 0 ! "r move4 ,! text move gives ,black good *ances ( draw+4 #ab4 44444444 ,k - ,q #c #ac4 ,p - ,kt #d ,r - ,q ,kt #b ,?is c\ld nev] h happ5$ _h ,:ite play$ #ab ,p - ,kt #d1 z he c\ld h foll[$ x up by ,p - ,kt #e aft] ,black's ,k - ,q #c4 #ad4 ,p - ,r #e ,n good4 ,p - ,k ,b #d (f]$ ! be/ *ances ( #acb w9n+ by =ce4 ,if !n #ad444,r - ,kt #b2 #ae ,p - ,r #e1 ,r - ,kt #g *2 #af ,k - ,q #c1 ,r - ,k ,r #g2 #ag ,r x ,p1 ,r x ,r2 #ah ,r x ,r1 ,r x ,p2 #ai ,r - ,r #f1 ) w9n+ *ances4 ,illu/ration #ad4 44444444 ,p - ,r #c ,black misses 8 la/ *ance4 ,p - ,b #e w\ld draw4 ,if !n #ae ,p x ,p1 ,r 7,kt #b7 - ,k #b * 62 #af ,k - ,b #a1 ,r x ,p2 #ag ,r x ,p1 ,r - ,k #f 6 #ae4 ,p - ,k ,b #d ,r - ,kt #b #af4 ,k - ,q #c ,r 7,k ,kt #b7 - ,k #b #ag4 ,r - ,r #a ,r - ,kt #b #ah4 ,k - ,q #d ,r - ,kt #g #ai4 ,r 7,r #f7 - ,r #b ,r 7,kt #b7 - ,kt #b ,r 7,kt #g7 - ,kt #b w\ld h (f]$ great] resi/ance1 b ! position is lo/ 9 any case4 7,i leave ! /ud5t to "w ?is out47 #bj4 ,k - ,q #c 6 ,r x ,r #ba4 ,r x ,r ,r - ,k #b #acc ,no?+ w\ld avail4 ,if #ba444,r - ,kt #h2 #bb ,r - ,r #f 6 ,r - ,q #h *2 #bc ,k - ,b #b1 ,r - ,k ,r #h2 #bd ,p - ,kt #e1 ,r x ,p2 #be ,r x ,p *1 ,k - ,q #b2 #bf ,r - ,q ,r #f1 & ,:ite w w9 easily4 #bb4 ,r - ,k ,kt #b ,r - ,k #c #bc4 ,r - ,kt #g ,r - ,k #b #bd4 ,r - ,kt #h ,p - ,b #d ,black is desp]ate4 ,he sees he c no long] def5d 8 ,pawns4 #be4 ,r - ,kt #f * ,r - ,k #c #bf4 ,p x ,p * ,k - ,q #b #bg4 ,r - ,kt #g * ,k - ,b #c #bh4 ,r x ,p ,k x ,p #bi4 ,r - ,k ,b #g ,resigns4 ,,example #fa4--;,f ! game ,capablanca-,jan[ski1 ,new ,york ,national ,t\rnam5t ( #aiac4 ,illu/ration ,black's game has ! disadvantage ( 8 d\ble ,q ,b ,p1 :i*1 to make matt]s worse1 he _c #acd advance1 because z soon z ,black plays ,p - ,q ,kt #c1 ,:ite replies ,p - ,q ,kt #d4 ,x is on ?is fact t ,:ite builds 8 plans4 ,he w /op ,black's ,que5's side ,pawns f advanc+1 & w !n br+ 8 own ,k+ to ,k #c4 ,!n 9 due "t he w play ,p - ,q #d1 & f9ally ,p - ,k #e1 or ,p - ,k ,kt #e1 ?us =c+ an ex*ange ( ,pawns & obta9+ 9 t way a cle> pass$ ,pawn on ! ,k+'s file4 ,x w be se5 t ?is plan 0 c>ri$ out dur+ ! c\rse ( ! game1 & t ,:ite obta9$ 8 w9n+ advantage 9 t way4 ,! play 0 bas$ ?r\gh\t on ! *ance ( obta9+ a pass$ ,pawn on ! ,k+'s file1 ) :i* ,:ite expect$ to w94 #a4 ,p - ,k ,kt #d already prep>+ to play ,p - ,k ,kt #e :5 ! "t comes4 #a4 44444444 ,p - ,q ,kt #c ,black wants to play ,p - ,q ,b #d1 b ,:ite1 ( c\rse1 prev5ts x4 #b4 ,p - ,kt #d 6 ,k - ,kt #b ,?is ,k+ %\ld come to ! ,k+'s side1 :]e ! dang] lurks4 #c4 ,k - ,b #b ,p - ,q ,kt #d ,) ! object ( play+ ,k - ,kt #c & ,p - ,q ,r #d1 foll[$ by ,p x ,p1 & ?us h an op5 file = 8 ,rook & be able to make a c\nt]-demon/ration #ace on ! ,que5's side 9 ord] to /op ,:ite's advance on ! "r4 ,:ite1 h[ev]1 also prev5ts ?is4 #d4 ,p - ,q ,r #d 6 ,r - ,q #e ,( c\rse if ,p x ,p2 ,black w h all 8 ,pawns on ! ,que5's side disrupt$ & isolat$1 & ,:ite c easily rega9 ! lo/ ,pawn by play+ ei!r ,rook on ! ,q ,r file4 #e4 ,r - ,q ,kt #a ,r - ,k #d ,he /ill wants to play ,p - ,q ,b #d1 b z x is easy to =esee t ,:ite w aga9 prev5t x1 ! text move is really a s]i\s loss ( "t4 ,black %\ld br+ 8 ,k+ ov] to ! o!r side imm$iately4 #f4 ,k - ,k #c ,r - ,q #b #g4 ,p - ,r #e ,! fir/ "p ( ,:ite's /rategic plan is n[ accompli%$4 ,black's ,pawns on ! ,que5's side are fix$ = all practical purposes4 #g4 44444444 ,r - ,k #c ,if ,r x ,r2 ,kt ,p x ,r w\ld h giv5 ,:ite a v p[]ful c5tre4 ,yet x might h be5 ! be/ *ance = ,black4 #h4 ,r 7,kt7 - ,k ,b #a ,r 7,q #b7 - ,k #b #i4 ,p - ,kt #e ,p x ,p #aj4 ,r x ,p #acf ,illu/ration ,! second "p ( ,:ite's /rategical plan is n[ accompli%$4 ,x rema9s to f9d out if ! advantage obta9$ is suffici5t to w94 ,:ite n only has a pass$ ,pawn1 b 8 ,k+ is 9 a comm&+ position 9 ! c5tre ( ! bo>d ready to support ! advance ( ,:ite's ,pawns1 or1 if necess>y1 to g to ,q ,b #e1 or to move to ! "r w+ 9 case ( dang]4 ,besides1 ,:ite holds ! op5 file ) "o ( 8 ,rooks4 ,altoge!r ,:ite's position is sup]ior & 8 *ances ( w9n+ are excell5t4 #aj4 44444444 ,r - ,r #c #aa4 ,r - ,kt #c ,r 7,r #c7 - ,k #c to prev5t ,p - ,q #d4 ,also ,black fe>s to keep 8 ,rook 9 front ( 8 two ,k+'s side ,pawns :i* he may want to utilise lat]4 #ab4 ,p - ,r #d ,p - ,kt #c #ac4 ,r - ,kt #e ,p - ,r #c #acg ,:ite ?reat5s ,p - ,r #e1 :i* w\ld f9ally =ce ,black to take1 & !n ,:ite w\ld d\ble 8 ,rooks aga9/ ! isolat$ ,pawn & w9 x1 or tie up ,black's ,rooks completely4 ,! text move1 h[ev]1 only helps ,:ite2 !re=e ,black _h no?+ bett] ?an to hold tight & wait4 ,r - ,k #d w\ld n help mu*1 z ,:ite w\ld simply answ] ,r - ,b #h1 ,r - ,k #a2 ,r 7,kt #e7 x ,r1 & :i*ev] ,rook ,black took1 ,:ite w\ld h an easy game4 7,! /ud5t %\ld c>efully /udy ^! v>iations47 #ad4 ,r - ,kt #d ,r - ,kt #b #ae4 ,p - ,q #d ,k - ,b #a #af4 ,r - ,b #h * ,k - ,kt #b ,k - ,q #b w\ld n help mu*1 b s9ce he made ! previ\s move he %\ld n[ be consi/5t & play x4 #ag4 ,p - ,k #e ,p - ,kt #d #ah4 ,k - ,k #d ,r 7,k #c7 - ,k #b #ai4 ,p x ,p ,p x ,p #bj4 ,r - ,b #e ,k - ,b #a #ba4 ,r 7,kt #d7 x ,p ,r - ,r #b #bb4 ,r - ,r #e ,k - ,q #b #bc4 ,r x ,r ,r x ,r #bd4 ,r - ,b #h ,r - ,r #e * #be4 ,k - ,q #c ,r - ,r #f * #ach #bf4 ,k - ,q #b ,p - ,b #d #bg4 ,kt ,p x ,p ,r - ,q ,r #f #bh4 ,p - ,q #e ,resigns4 ,! w9n+ tactics 9 all ^! end+s h m]ely consi/$ 9 keep+ ! oppon5t's ,rooks ti$ to ! def5ce ( "o or m ,pawns1 leav+ my own ,rooks free = action4 ,?is is a g5]al pr9ciple :i* c be equally appli$ to any "p ( ! game4 ,x means 9 g5]al t]ms-- ,keep fre$om ( manoeuvre :ile hamp]+ y\r oppon5t4 ,!re is "o m ?+ ( great importance1 & t is t ! w9n+ side has always _h a g5]al /rategical plan capable ( be+ c>ri$ out ) ! means at 8 disposal1 :ile (t5 ! los+ side _h no plan at all1 b simply mov$ accord+ to ! ne$s ( ! mom5t4 99 99 99 99 99 #cj4 ,,rook1 ,,bi%op ,,& ,,pawns v4 ,,rook1 ,,knight ,,& ,,pawns ,we %all n[ exam9e an end+ ( ,rook1 ,bi%op & ,pawns aga9/ ,rook1 ,knight & ,pawns1 :]e x w be se5 t ! ,rook at times is us$ 9 ! same way z 9 ! end+s already giv54 ,,example #fb4--;,f ! fir/ game ( ! ,lask]-,m>%all ,*ampion%ip ,mat* 9 #aijg4 #aci ,illu/ration ,9 ?is position x is ,black's move4 ,to a beg9n] ! position may look l a draw1 b ! advanc$ play] w realise imm$iately t !re are great possibilities = ,black to w91 n only because he has ! initiative1 b because ( ,:ite's undevelop$ ,que5's side & ! fact t a ,bi%op 9 su* a position is bett] ?an a ,knight 7see ,section #ad74 ,x w take "s "t = ,:ite to br+ 8 ,rook & ,knight into ! fray1 & ,black c utilise x to obta9 an advantage4 ,!re are two c\rses op5 to him4 ,! mo/ evid5t1 & ! "o t mo/ play]s w\ld take1 is to advance ! ,pawn to ,q ,b #d & ,q ,b #e imm$iately 9 conjunction ) ! ,bi%op *eck at ,r #c & any o!r move t might be necess>y ) ! ,black ,rook4 ,! o!r1 & m subtle1 c\rse 0 tak5 by ,black4 ,x consi/s 9 utilis+ 8 ,rook 9 ! same way z %[n 9 ! previ\s end+s1 =c+ ,:ite to def5d some?+ all ! "t1 re/rict+ ! action ( ,:ite's ,knight & #adj ,:ite's ,rook1 :ile at ! same "t keep+ fre$om ( action = 8 own ,rook & ,bi%op4 #a4 44444444 ,r - ,kt #a ,?is =ces ,p - ,q ,kt #c1 :i* blocks t squ>e = ! ,:ite ,knight4 #b4 ,p - ,kt #c ,r - ,kt #d br++ ! ,rook to attack ! ,k+'s side ,pawns s z to =ce ! ,k+ to t side to def5d !m1 & ?us indirectly mak+ m secure ! position ( ,black's ,que5's side ,pawns4 #c4 ,p - ,b #d ,r - ,k ,r #d #d4 ,k - ,kt #a ,p - ,b #d ,note t ! ,:ite ,knight's sph]e ( action is v limit$1 & t aft] ,kt - ,q #b ,:ite's own ,pawns are 9 8 way4 #e4 ,kt - ,q #b ,k - ,b #b #f4 ,r - ,b #a * ,?is *eck accompli%es no?+4 ,x m]ely drives ,black's ,k+ :]e x wants to g4 ,consequ5tly x is a v bad move4 ,p - ,q ,r #c at once 0 ! be/ move4 #f4 44444444 ,k - ,k #b #g4 ,p - ,q ,r #c ,r - ,r #c ,gett+ ready to %ift ! attack to ! ,que5's side1 :]e he has ! advantage 9 mat]ial & position4 #h4 ,p - ,k ,r #d ,r - ,r #c #ada ,notice h[ simil> are ! manoeuvres ) ?is ,rook to ^? se5 9 ! previ\s end+s4 #i4 ,r - ,r #a ,b - ,kt #e ,p>alys+ ! action ( ! ,knight & fix+ ! :ole ,k+'s side4 #aj4 ,k - ,b #b ,k - ,k #c ,:ite _c answ] ,kt - ,b #c1 because ,b x ,kt foll[$ by ,k - ,k #d w w9 a ,pawn1 on acc\nt ( ! *eck at ,k ,b #c :i* _c be /opp$4 #aa4 ,p - ,r #d ,k - ,k #d #ab4 ,k - ,kt #b ,r - ,k ,b #c #ac4 ,r - ,k #a ,p - ,q #f #ad4 ,r - ,k ,b #a ,k - ,q #e ,n[ ! ,k+ attacks ,:ite's ,pawns & all w soon be ov]4 #ae4 ,r x ,r ,p x ,r #af4 ,k - ,b #b ,p - ,b #c ,m]ely to exhau/ ,:ite's move1 :i* w f9ally =ce him to move ei!r ! ,k+ or ! ,knight4 #ag4 ,p - ,q ,r #e ,p - ,q ,r #c #ah4 ,kt - ,b #a ,k x ,p #ai4 ,k - ,k #a ,b - ,k #g #bj4 ,kt - ,q #b * ,k - ,k #f #ba4 ,kt - ,kt #a ,p - ,b #d #bb4 ,kt - ,q #b ,p - ,r #d #bc4 ,kt - ,kt #a ,k - ,b #f #bd4 ,kt - ,b #c ,k x ,p #adb #be4 ,kt - ,r #d ,p - ,b #e #bf4 ,kt x ,p ,p - ,b #f #bg4 ,kt - ,k #d * ,k - ,b #e ,! quicke/ way to w94 ,:ite %\ld resign4 #bh4 ,kt - ,q #f ,p - ,b #d #bi4 ,p - ,kt #d ,p x ,p #cj4 ,p - ,b #e ,p - ,kt #f #ca4 ,kt - ,b #d ,k - ,kt #f #cb4 ,kt - ,k #c ,p - ,kt #g ,resigns4 ,a v good example on ,black's "p ( h[ to conduct su* an end+4 99 99 99 99 99 #adc ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,fur!r ,,op5+s ,,& ,,middle-,,games #ca4 ,,"s ,,sali5t ,,po9ts ,,ab\t ,,pawns ,be=e go+ back to ! discussion ( op5+s & middle-game positions1 x might be well to be> 9 m9d a few facts conc]n+ ,pawn positions :i* w no d\bt help to und]/& c]ta9 moves1 & sometimes ev5 ! object ( c]ta9 v>iations 9 ! op5+s1 & ( "s manoeuvres 9 ! middle-games4 ,illu/ration ,,example #fc4--;,9 ! position ( ! diagram we h an exce$+ly bad ,pawn =mation on ,black's side4 ,black's ,q ,b ,p is altoge!r backw>d1 & ,:ite c\ld by means ( ! op5 file conc5trate #add 8 =ces aga9/ t weak po9t4 ,!re is also ! squ>e at ,:ite's ,q ,b #e1 :i* is controll$ by ,:ite1 & f :]e a ,:ite piece once e/abli%$ c\ld n be dislodg$4 ,9 ord] to get rid ( x1 ,black w\ld h to ex*ange x1 :i* is n always an easy matt]1 & (t5 :5 possible n at all conv5i5t4 ,! same holds true ) reg>d to ,black's ,k ,p1 ,k ,b ,p & ,k ,kt ,p1 :i* create :at is call$ a hole at ,black's ,k ,b #c4 ,su* ,pawn =mations inv>iably lead to disa/]1 & consequ5tly mu/ be avoid$4 ,illu/ration ,,example #fd4--;,9 ?is position we might say t ! ,:ite c5tre ,pawns h ! attack+ position1 :ile ! ,black c5tre ,pawns h ! def5sive position4 ,su* a =mation ( ,pawn occurs 9 ! ,fr5* ,def5ce4 ,9 su* positions ,:ite mo/ (t5 attempts1 by means ( ,p - ,k ,b #d & ,k ,b #e1 to obta9 a cru%+ attack aga9/ ,black's ,k+1 :i* is g5]ally ,ca/l$ on ! ,k+'s side4 ,to prev5t t1 #ade & also to assume ! initiative or obta9 mat]ial advantage1 ,black makes a c\nt]-demon/ration by ,p - ,q ,b #d1 foll[$ by ,p x ,p 7:5 ,:ite def5ds ! ,pawn by ,p - ,q ,b #c71 & ! conc5trat+ ( ,black's pieces aga9/ ! ,:ite ,pawn at ,q #d4 ,?is 9 sub/ance might be said to be a det]m9$ attack aga9/ ,:ite's c5tre 9 ord] to p>alyse ! direct attack ( ,:ite aga9/ ,black's ,k+4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t at ! beg9n+ ( ! book x 0 /at$ t control ( ! c5tre 0 an ess5tial condition to a successful attack aga9/ ! ,k+4 ,9 an ab/ract way we may say t two or m ,pawns are /ronge/ :5 !y are 9 ! same rank next to "o ano!r4 ,?us ! c5tre ,pawns are /ronge/ 9 !mselves1 s to speak1 :5 plac$ at ,k #d & ,q #d respectively1 h5ce ! "q ( advanc+ ei!r ! "o or ! o!r to ! fif? rank is "o t mu/ be mo/ c>efully consid]$4 ,! advance ( ei!r ,pawn (t5 det]m9es ! c\rse ! game w foll[4 ,ano!r ?+ to be consid]$ is ! matt] ( "o or m pass$ ,pawns :5 !y are isolat$ ei!r s+ly or 9 pairs4 ,we might say t a pass$ ,pawn is ei!r v weak or v /rong1 & t its weakness or /r5g?1 :i*ev] happ5s to be 9 ! case to be consid]$1 increases z x advances1 & is at ! same "t 9 direct relation to ! numb] ( pieces on ! bo>d4 ,9 ?is la/ respect x might be g5]ally said t a pass$ ,pawn increases 9 /r5g? z ! numb] ( pieces on ! bo>d dim9i%es4 #adf ,hav+ all ?is cle> 9 m9d we w n[ rev]t to ! op5+s & middle-game4 ,we w analyse games c>efully f beg9n+ to end accord+ to g5]al pr9ciples4 ,i %all1 :5ev] possible1 use my own games1 n because !y w bett] illu/rate ! po9t1 b because1 kn[+ !m ?or\ghly1 ,i %all be able to expla9 !m m au?oritatively ?an ! games ( o!rs4 #cb4 ,,"s ,,possible ,,developm5ts ,,f ,a ,,ruy ,,lopez ,t "s ( ! v>iations 9 ! op5+s & ! manoeuvres 9 ! middle-game are (t5 bas$ on "s ( ! elem5t>y pr9ciples j exp\nd$ c be easily se5 9 ! foll[+ case3 ,,example #fe4 #a4 ,p - ,k #d ,p - ,k #d #b4 ,kt - ,k ,b #c ,kt - ,q ,b #c #c4 ,b - ,kt #e ,p - ,q ,r #c #d4 ,b - ,r #d ,kt - ,b #c #e4 ,o - ,o ,kt x ,p #f4 ,p - ,q #d ,p - ,q ,kt #d #g4 ,b - ,kt #c ,p - ,q #d #h4 ,p x ,p ,b - ,k #c #i4 ,p - ,b #c ,b - ,k #b #aj4 ,r - ,k #a ,kt - ,b #d #aa4 ,b - ,b #b ,b - ,kt #e #ab4 ,q ,kt - ,q #b ,o - ,o #ac4 ,kt - ,kt #c ,kt - ,k #c #adg ,s f> a v well-kn[n v>iation ( ! ,ruy ,lopez4 ,9 fact1 !y are ! moves ( ! ,jan[ski-,lask] game 9 ,p>is1 #aiab4 #ad4 ,q - ,q #c ,p - ,kt #c ,let u suppose ! game w5t on1 & t 9 "s way ,:ite1 by play+ "o ( ! ,knights to ,q #d at ! prop] "t1 =c$ ! ex*ange ( bo? ,knights1 & !n aft]w>ds bo? ! ,bi%ops 7 ex*ang$1 & we arriv$ at "s su* position z %[n 9 ! foll[+ diagram4 7,i obta9$ su* a position 9 a v simil> way once at ,lodz 9 ,pol&4 ,i 0 play+ ! ,:ite pieces aga9/ a consult+ team head$ by ,salwe47 ,illu/ration ,n[ we w\ld h "h ! case ( ! backw>d ,q ,b ,p1 :i* w 9 no way be able to advance to ,q ,b #d4 ,su* a position may be said to be !oretically lo/1 & 9 practice a fir/-class ma/] w inv>iably w9 x f ,black4 7,if ,i may be excus$ ! ref]5ce1 ,i w say t ,i won ! game above ref]r$ to47 ,aft] a few moves ! position may be easily ?us3 #adh ,illu/ration ,! ,black pieces c be said to be fix$4 ,if ,:ite plays ,q - ,q ,b #c1 ,black mu/ answ] ,q - ,q #b1 o!rwise he w lose a ,pawn1 & if ,:ite returns ) ! ,que5 to ,q ,r #c ,black w h aga9 to return to ,q ,kt #b ) ! ,que5 or lose a ,pawn4 ,?us ,black c only move accord+ to ,:ite's lead1 & "u su* conditions ,:ite c easily advance ) 8 ,pawns to ,k ,b #d & ,k ,kt #d1 until ,black w be =c$ to /op ,p - ,b #e by play+ ,p - ,k ,b #d1 & we might f9ally h "s su* position z ?is3 ,,example #ff4 ,illu/ration #adi ,9 ?is situation ! game might g on z foll[s3 #a4 ,p x ,p1 ,p x ,p2 #b4 ,q - ,k ,b #c1 ,q - ,q #b ,:ite ?reat5$ to w9 a ,pawn by ,q x ,p1 & ,black c\ld n play #b444,r - ,k ,b #a1 because #c ,r x ,b ,p w\ld also w9 a ,pawn at lea/4 #c4 ,r 7,b #e7 - ,b #b1 ,r - ,kt #c2 #d4 ,r - ,kt #b1 ,k - ,r #a2 #e4 ,r 7,b #a7 - ,k ,kt #a1 ,r 7,b #a7 - ,k ,kt #a2 #f4 ,q - ,r #e1 ,r x ,r2 #g4 ,r x ,r1 ,r x ,r2 #h4 ,k x ,r1 ,q - ,kt #b *2 #i4 ,k - ,r #b1 ,q - ,kt #c2 #aj4 ,q x ,q1 ,p x ,q2 #aa4 ,p - ,kt #d1 & ,:ite w9s4 ,n[ suppose t 9 ! position 9 ! prec$+ diagram x 7 ,black's move1 & he play$ ,r - ,k ,b #a4 ,:ite w\ld !n simply def5d 8 ,k ,b ,p by "s move l ,q - ,k ,b #c1 ?reat5+ ,r x ,q ,b ,p1 & !n he w\ld br+ 8 ,k+ up to ,kt #c1 & :5 ! "t came1 break ?r\gh1 z 9 ! previ\s case4 ,:ite might ev5 be able to obta9 ! foll[+ position3 ,illu/ration #aej ,black w\ld n[ be =c$ to play ,r - ,b #a1 & ,:ite c\ld !n play ,q - ,b #b1 & foll[ x up ) ,k ,b #c1 & ?us =ce ,black to play ,p x ,p1 :i* w\ld give ,:ite a great] advantage4 ,a c>eful exam9ation ( all ^! positions w reveal t1 besides ! advantage ( fre$om ( manoeuvre on ,:ite's "p1 ! p[] ( ! ,pawn at ,k #e is enorm\s1 & t x is ! comm&+ position ( ?is ,pawn1 & ! fact t x is free to advance1 once all ! pieces are ex*ang$1 t con/itute ! pivot ( all ,:ite's manoeuvres4 ,i h purposely giv5 positions )\t ! moves :i* lead to !m s t ! /ud5t may become accu/om$ to build up 9 8 own m9d possible positions t may arise 7out ( any giv5 situation74 ,?us he w le>n to make /rategical plans & be on 8 way to ! ma/] class4 ,! /ud5t c d]ive enorm\s b5efit by fur!r practice ( ?is k9d4 #cc4 ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,a ,,hole ,! influ5ce ( a s-call$ hole 9 a game has already be5 illu/rat$ 9 my game aga9/ ,blanco 7page #ha71 :]e has be5 %[n ! influ5ce ex]cis$ by ! diff]5t pieces po/$ 9 ! hole creat$ at ,:ite's ,k #e4 #aea ,,example #fg4--;,9 ord] to fur!r illu/rate ?is po9t1 ,i n[ give a game play$ 9 ! ,havana ,int]national ,ma/]s ,t\rnam5t ( #aiac4 7,que5's ,gambit ,decl9$47 ,:ite3 ,d4 ,jan[ski4 ,black3 ,a4 ,kup*ick4 #a4 ,p - ,q #d ,p - ,q #d #b4 ,p - ,q ,b #d ,p - ,k #c #c4 ,kt - ,q ,b #c ,kt - ,k ,b #c #d4 ,b - ,kt #e ,b - ,k #b #e4 ,p - ,k #c ,q ,kt - ,q #b #f4 ,b - ,q #c ,p x ,p #g4 ,b x ,p ,kt - ,kt #c ,( c\rse ! idea is to po/ a ,knight at ,q #d1 b z x is ! o!r ,knight :i* w be po/$ !re ?is manoeuvre does n seem logical4 ,! ,knight at ,kt #c does no?+ except to prev5t ! developm5t ( 8 own ,q ,b4 ,! normal c\rse ,o - ,o1 foll[$ by ,p - ,q ,b #d1 is m reasonable4 ,= a beautiful illu/ration ( h[ to play ,:ite 9 t v>iation1 see ! ,jan[ski-,rub9/e9 game ( ! ,/4 ,pet]sburg ,t\rnam5t ( #aiad4 #h4 ,b - ,q #c ,b - ,kt #c has "s po9ts 9 its fav\r 9 ?is position1 ! mo/ important be+ ! possibility ( advanc+ ! ,k+'s ,pawn imm$iately aft] #h4 444 ,k ,kt - ,q #d2 #i ,b x ,b1 ,q x ,b4 #h4 44444444 ,k ,kt - ,q #d #i4 ,b x ,b ,q x ,b #aj4 ,kt - ,b #c #aeb ,_h ,:ite's ,bi%op be5 at ,q ,kt #c he c\ld n[ play ,p - ,k #d z indicat$ 9 ! previ\s note1 a move :i* he _c make 9 ! pres5t position1 because ( ,kt - ,k ,b #e ?reat5+1 n only ! ,k ,kt ,p1 b also ,kt x ,b *4 ,z ,:ite's ,k+'s ,bi%op %\ld nev] be ex*ang$ 9 ?is op5+ )\t a v good reason ,:ite !re=e _c play ,p - ,k #d4 #aj4 44444444 ,o - ,o #aa4 ,o - ,o ,b - ,q #b #ab4 ,r - ,b #a ,illu/ration ,:ite is p]fectly develop$1 & n[ ?reat5s to w9 a ,pawn z foll[s3 ,kt x ,kt1 ,kt x ,kt2 ,p - ,k #d1 foll[$ by ,r x ,p4 #ab4 44444444 ,p - ,q ,b #c ,! fact t ,black is practically =c$ to make ?is move 9 ord] to avoid ! loss ( a ,pawn is suffici5t reason 9 itself to condemn ! :ole sy/em ( developm5t on ,black's "p4 ,9 effect1 he plays ,b - ,q #b & n[ he has to %ut (f ! action ( 8 #aec own ,bi%op1 :i* !reby becomes little m ?an a ,pawn = a :ile4 ,9 fact1 x is h>d to see h[ ?is ,bi%op w ev] be able to attack any?+4 ,besides1 x c be easily se5 t ,:ite w soon po/ 8 two ,knights at ,k #e & ,q ,b #e respectively1 & t ,black w n be able to dislodge !m )\t s]i\sly weak5+ 8 game1 if he c d x at all4 ,f all ^! reasons x c be ga!r$ t x w\ld probably h be5 bett] = ,black to play ,kt x ,kt & ?us get rid ( "o ( ! two ,:ite ,knights be=e assum+ su* a def5sive position4 ,9 su* cases1 ! less ! numb] ( pieces on ! bo>d1 ! bett] *ances !re are to escape4 #ac4 ,kt - ,k #d ,p - ,k ,b #d ,?is practically am\nts to committ+ suicide1 s9ce x creates a hole at ,k #e = ,:ite's ,knight1 f :]e x w be practically impossible to dislodge him4 ,if ,black int5d$ to make su* a move he %\ld h done x be=e1 :5 at lea/ !re w\ld h be5 an object 9 prev5t+ ! ,:ite ,knight f rea*+ ,b #e4 #ad4 ,kt - ,b #e ,b - ,k #a #ae4 ,kt - ,k #e ,! position ( ,:ite's ,knights1 especially ! "o at ,k #e1 might be said to be ideal1 & a s+le glance %[s h[ !y dom9ate ! position4 ,! "q h5ce=? w be h[ is ,:ite go+ to d]ive ! full b5efit f su* an advantage\s situation1 ,?is we %all soon see4 #aed ,illu/ration #ae4 44444444 ,r - ,kt #a ,!re is no object 9 ?is move1 unless x is to be foll[$ by ,kt - ,q #b4 ,z t is n ! case1 he might h gone ) ! ,rook to ,b #a1 z he does lat]4 #af4 ,r - ,k #a ,r - ,b #c #ag4 ,q - ,b #c ,r - ,r #c #ah4 ,q - ,kt #c ,r - ,b #a ,:ite ?reat5$ to w9 ! ex*ange by play+ ei!r ,kt - ,b #g or ,kt - ,kt #d4 #ai4 ,p - ,b #c ,r - ,b #b #bj4 ,p - ,q ,r #c ,k - ,r #a #ba4 ,p - ,r #c ,p]haps all ^! precautions are unnecess>y1 b ,:ite feels t he has m ?an en\gh "t to prep>e 8 attack1 & wants to be secure 9 e way be=e he beg9s4 #aee #ba4 44444444 ,p - ,kt #d #bb4 ,p - ,k #d ,p - ,b #e #bc4 ,q - ,b #b ,kt - ,k #f ,he _h bett] h play$ ,kt - ,b #c2 & tri$ lat] on to get rid ( ,:ite's ,knights by means ( ,kt - ,q #b4 ,illu/ration #bd4 ,r x ,kt ) ?is sacrifice ( ! ,rook = a ,knight & ,pawn ,:ite obta9s an ov]:elm+ position4 #bd4 44444444 ,p x ,r #be4 ,q x ,p ,kt - ,b #a ,kt - ,q #b 0 bett] 9 ord] to get rid ( "o ( ! two ,:ite ,knights4 ,!re 71 h[ev]1 any numb] ( good replies to x1 among !m ! foll[+3 ,kt 7,b #e7 x ,kt1 ,b x ,kt2 ,q x ,p1 ,q x ,q2 ,kt - ,b #g *1 ,k - ,kt #b2 ,kt x ,q1 & ) two ,pawns = ! ex*ange1 & ! position s mu* 9 8 fav\r1 ,:ite %\ld h no tr\ble 9 w9n+4 #aef #bf4 ,kt - ,kt #d ,r - ,kt #c #bg4 ,p - ,k #e ,r - ,kt #b #bh4 ,b - ,b #d ,b - ,b #b ,all ^! moves are practically =c$1 & z x is easily se5 !y tie up ,black's position m & m4 ,:ite's manoeuvres f move #bd onw>ds are highly in/ructive4 #bi4 ,kt - ,b #f ,kt - ,kt #c ,?is w&]+ ,knight has done no?+ ?r\gh\t ! game4 #cj4 ,kt 7,b#e7 - ,k #d ,p - ,k ,r #c #ca4 ,p - ,k ,r #d ,kt - ,q #d #cb4 ,q - ,q #b ,r - ,kt #c #cc4 ,p x ,p ,q - ,b #a ,if ,p x ,p2 ,k - ,b #b1 & ,black w\ld be helpless4 #cd4 ,p - ,b #d ,kt - ,k #b #ce4 ,p - ,k ,kt #d ,p x ,p #cf4 ,p x ,p ,resigns4 ,!re is no?+ to be done4 ,if ,b - ,kt #a2 ,q - ,r #b *1 ,k - ,kt #b2 ,b x ,p4 ,! /ud5t %\ld notice t1 ap>t f o!r ?+s1 ,:ite ?r\gh\t ! game has _h control ( ! ,black squ>es1 pr9cipally ^? at ,k #e & ,q ,b #e4 ,f n[ on to ! end ( ! book ,i %all give a collection ( my games bo? lo/ & won1 *os5 s z to s]ve z illu/rations ( ! g5]al pr9ciples laid d[n 9 ! =ego+ pages4 99 99 99 99 99 #aei ,,"p ,,ii ,,game #a4 ,,que5',s ,,gambit ,,decl9$ 7,mat*1 #aiji7 ,:ite3 ,f4 ,j4 ,m>%all4 ,black3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 #a4 ,p - ,q #d ,p - ,q #d #b4 ,p - ,q ,b #d ,p - ,k #c #c4 ,kt - ,q ,b #c ,kt - ,k ,b #c #d4 ,b - ,kt #e ,b - ,k #b #e4 ,p - ,k #c ,kt - ,k #e ,i _h play$ ?is def5ce twice be=e 9 ! mat* ) good results1 & al?\gh ,i lo/ ?is game ,i /ill play$ x until ! v la/ game1 :5 ,i *ang$ my tactics4 ,! reason 0 my total lack ( k ( ! diff]5t v>iations 9 ?is op5+1 c\pl$ ) ! fact t ,i knew t ,dr4 ,e4 ,lask] _h be5 successful ) x aga9/ ,m>%all himself 9 #aijg4 ,i ?\ght t s9ce ,dr4 ,lask] _h play$ x s (t51 x %\ld be good4 ,! object is to ex*ange a c\ple ( pieces & at ! same "t to br+ ab\t a position full ( possibilities & ) promis+ *ances ( success once ! end-game /age is rea*$4 ,on g5]al pr9ciples x %\ld be wrong1 because ! #afj same ,knight is mov$ ?ree times 9 ! op5+1 al?\gh x involves ! ex*ange ( two pieces4 ,9 reality ! difficulty 9 ?is v>iation1 z well z 9 ne>ly all ! v>iations ( ! ,que5's gambit1 lies 9 ! sl[ developm5t ( ,black's ,que5 ,bi%op4 ,h[ev]1 :e!r ?is v>iation c or _c be safely play$ is a "q /ill to be decid$1 & x is outside ! scope ( ?is book4 ,i may add t at pres5t my pref]5ce is = a diff]5t sy/em ( developm5t1 b x is n unlikely t ,i %\ld "s "t come back to ?is v>iation4 #f4 ,b x ,b ,q x ,b #g4 ,b - ,q #c ,p x ,p is pref]able = reasons t we %all soon see4 #g4 44444444 ,kt x ,kt #h4 ,p x ,kt ,kt - ,q #b ,n[ ,p x ,p w\ld be a bett] way to develop ! game4 ,! idea is t aft] #h444,p x ,p2 #i ,b x ,b ,p1 ,p - ,q ,kt #c1 foll[$ by ,b - ,kt #b1 w\ld give ,black's ,bi%op a p[]ful range4 ,= ?is v>iation see ! elev5? game ( ! mat*4 #i4 ,kt - ,b #c ,o - ,o ,no long] w\ld #i444,p x ,p2 #aj ,b x ,p1 ,p - ,q ,kt #c be good1 because #aa ,b - ,kt #e w\ld prev5t ,b - ,kt #b on acc\nt ( ,kt - ,k #e4 #afa #aj4 ,p x ,p ,p x ,p #aa4 ,q - ,kt #c ,kt - ,b #c #ab4 ,p - ,q ,r #d ,p - ,b #d ,play$ ) ! int5tion ( obta9+ ! majority ( ,pawns on ! ,que5's side4 ,yet x is d\btful :e!r ?is move is good1 s9ce x leaves ,black's ,que5's-side ,pawns disrupt$ 9 a way4 ,! saf] c\rse w\ld h be5 to play ,p - ,b #c4 #ac4 ,q - ,r #c ,p - ,q ,kt #c ,illu/ration ,?is exposes ,black to fur!r attack by ,p - ,r #e )\t any comp5sation = x4 ,if ,i _h to play ?is position n[adays ,i w\ld simply play #ac444,r - ,k #a4 ,!n aft] #ad ,q x ,p1 ,q x ,q w\ld foll[1 & ,i believe t ,black w\ld rega9 ! ,pawn4 ,if1 in/ead1 ,:ite play$ #ad ,p x ,p !n ,b - ,kt #e w\ld give ,black an excell5t game4 #ad4 ,p - ,r #e ,b - ,kt #b #ae4 ,o - ,o ,q - ,b #b #af4 ,k ,r - ,kt #a ,kt - ,q #b #afb ,illu/ration ,black's position 0 bad & p]haps lo/ 9 any case1 b ! text move makes matt]s worse4 ,z a matt] ( fact ,i nev] saw ,:ite's reply ,b - ,b #e4 ,x nev] ev5 pass$ ?r\gh my m9d t ?is 0 ?reat5$4 ,black's be/ move w\ld h be5 #af444,k ,r - ,kt #a4 ,if t loses1 !n any o!r move w\ld lose z well4 #ag4 ,b - ,b #e ,k ,r - ,b #a ,f bad to worse4 ,kt - ,b #c (f]$ ! only hope4 #ah4 ,b x ,kt ,q x ,b #ai4 ,p - ,r #f ,b - ,b #c #bj4 ,p x ,p ,p x ,p #ba4 ,q x ,p ,q ,r - ,kt #a ,! game 0 lo/4 ,"o move 0 z good z ano!r4 #bb4 ,r x ,r ,r x ,r #bc4 ,kt - ,k #e ,q - ,b #d #bd4 ,p - ,k ,b #d ,r - ,kt #c #be4 ,q x ,r 6 ,resigns4 #afc ,( c\rse1 if #be ,kt x ,b1 ,r - ,kt #h * w\ld h drawn4 ,! text move is pretty & f9i%es quickly4 ,a well-play$ game on ,m>%all's "p4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,game #b4 ,,que5',s ,,gambit ,,decl9$ 7,san ,seba/ian1 #aiaa7 ,:ite3 ,a4 ,k4 ,rub9/e94 ,black3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 #a4 ,p - ,q #d ,p - ,q #d #b4 ,kt - ,k ,b #c ,p - ,q ,b #d #c4 ,p - ,b #d ,p - ,k #c #d4 ,p x ,q ,p ,k ,p x ,p #e4 ,kt - ,b #c ,kt -,q ,b #c #f4 ,p - ,k ,kt #c ,b - ,k #c ,kt - ,b #c is ! normal move 9 ?is v>iation4 ,:ite's developm5t 0 fir/ introduc$ by ,s*le*t] & elaborat$ lat] on by ,rub9/e94 ,x aims at ! isolation ( ,black's ,q ,p1 aga9/ :i* ! ,:ite pieces are gradually conc5trat$4 ,9 mak+ ! text move ,i 0 try+ to avoid ! beat5 track4 ,be+ a develop+ move !re %\ld be no objection to x 9 ! way ( g5]al pr9ciples1 except t ! ,knights ought to come out be=e ! ,bi%ops4 #g4 ,b - ,kt #b ,b - ,k #b #h4 ,o - ,o ,r - ,b #a ,9 pursuance ( ! idea ( *ang+ ! normal #afd c\rse ( ?is v>iation1 b ) v poor success4 ,! move 9 !ory ought to be uns\nd1 s9ce ,black's ,k ,kt is yet undevelop$4 ,i _h n yet le>n$ ( ! attack f\nd$ on ,kt - ,kt #e & ! ex*ange ( ! ,b at ,k #c4 ,ei!r ,kt - ,b #c or ,p - ,k ,r #c2 to prev5t ei!r ,b or ,kt - ,k ,kt #e1 0 "r4 ,illu/ration #i4 ,p ,x ,p ,b x ,p #aj4 ,kt - ,k ,kt #e ,kt - ,b #c #aa4 ,kt x ,b ,p x ,kt #ab4 ,b - ,r #c ,q - ,k #b #ac4 ,b - ,kt #e ,o - ,o ,?is is a mi/ake4 ,! "r move 0 ,r - ,q #a 9 ord] to get ! ,rook away f ! l9e ( ! ,bi%op at ,r #c & at ! same "t to support ! ,q ,p4 ,incid5tally x %[s t ,:ite fail$ to take prop] advantage ( ,black's weak op5+ moves4 ,aga9/ ! text move ,:ite makes a v f9e comb9ation #afe :i* ,i _h se51 b :i* ,i ?\ght c\ld be defeat$4 #ad4 ,b x ,kt ,q x ,b ,i consid]$ ,p x ,b1 :i* x seem$ w\ld give me a playable game1 b ,i ?\ght ,:ite's comb9ation uns\nd & !re=e let him play x1 to my la/+ regret4 ,illu/ration #ae4 ,kt x ,p 6 ,q - ,r #c ,illu/ration #aff #af4 ,k - ,kt #b 6 ,?is is ! move :i* ,i _h n consid]$4 ,i ?\ght t ,rub9/e9 w\ld h to play ,b - ,kt #b1 :5 ,i _h 9 m9d ! foll[+ w9n+ comb9ation3 #af ,b - ,kt #b1 ,kt - ,k #d 6 #ag ,kt - ,b #d 7if ,r - ,b #a1 ,q x ,r 66 ,q x ,q1 ,b x ,p * w9s71 ,kt - ,kt #e2 #ah ,p - ,k ,r #c 7if ,kt - ,r #c1 ,b x ,p * w9s ! ex*ange71 ,kt x ,p2 #ai ,r x ,kt1 ,b x ,r *2 #bj ,k x ,b1 ,p - ,k ,kt #d1 & ,black %\ld w94 ,x is curi\s t ?is comb9ation has be5 ov]look$4 ,x has be5 tak5 = grant$ t ,i did n see ! #ag? move ,q - ,b #a4 #af4 44444444 ,q ,r - ,q #a ,aft] ,:ite's la/ move !re 0 no?+ = me to d b submit to ! inevitable4 #ag4 ,q - ,b #a 6 ,p x ,kt #ah4 ,q x ,b ,q - ,q #g #ai4 ,q - ,kt #e ,kt - ,q #e #bj4 ,q - ,q #c ,q x ,q #ba4 ,p x ,q ,k ,r - ,k #a #bb4 ,b - ,kt #d ,?is gives ,black a *ance4 ,he %\ld h play$ ,k ,r - ,k #a4 ,if !n ,kt - ,b #g2 ,r x ,r *1 ,r x ,r2 ,r - ,q ,b #a1 ,r - ,k #g2 ,k - ,b #a1 ,kt - ,q #e 7if ,r - ,q #g2 ,b - ,k #f *1 ,k - ,b #a2 ,b x ,p w\ld w972 ,r - ,b #h *1 ,k - ,b #b2 ,r - ,b #g *1 ,r - ,k #b2 ,r - ,b #e w9s4 #afg #bb4 44444444 ,r - ,q #c #bc4 ,k ,r - ,k #a ,r x ,r #bd4 ,r x ,r ,r - ,q ,kt #c #be4 ,r - ,k #e ,r x ,p #bf4 ,r x ,p ,kt - ,b #c #bg4 ,b - ,k #f * ,k - ,b #a #bh4 ,r - ,b #e * ,k - ,k #a #bi4 ,b - ,b #g * ,k - ,q #b #cj4 ,b - ,b #d ,illu/ration #cj4 44444444 ,p - ,q ,r #c ,a bad move1 :i* gives away any legitimate *ance ,black _h to draw4 ,x loses a v important move4 ,9 fact1 z ! c\rse ( ! game w %[1 x loses sev]al moves4 ,! prop] way 0 to play ,k - ,q #c4 ,if !n ,r - ,q ,kt #e1 ,r x ,r2 ,b x ,r1 ,kt - ,q #e2 foll[$ by ,p - ,q ,kt #d2 & ,:ite w\ld h an exce$+ly difficult game to draw on acc\nt ( ! dom9at+ position ( ! ,knight at #afh ,q #e 9 conjunction ) ! extra ,pawn on ! ,que5's side & ! awkw>d position ( ,:ite's ,k+4 7,see h[ ?is is s47 #ca4 ,r - ,b #g * ,k - ,q #c #cb4 ,r x ,k ,kt ,p ,p - ,kt #d #cc4 ,b - ,kt #h ,p - ,q ,r #d #cd4 ,r x ,p ,p - ,r #e #ce4 ,p - ,r #d ,p - ,kt #e #cf4 ,r - ,r #f * ,k - ,b #d #cg4 ,r - ,r #e * ,k - ,kt #c #ch4 ,b - ,q #e ,) ^! la/ ?ree moves ,:ite aga9 gives ,black a *ance4 ,ev5 be=e ! la/ move ,b - ,b #d w\ld h won ) comp>ative ease1 b ! text move is a d[nright blund]1 ( :i*1 =tunately = him1 ,black does n avail himself4 ,illu/ration #ch4 44444444 ,p - ,kt #f ,r x ,p w\ld make x practically impossible = ,:ite to w91 if he c w9 at all4 ,:ite's be/ #afi cont9uation !n w\ld h be53 #ci ,b - ,b #d1 ,r - ,b #g2 #dj ,r - ,kt #e *1 ,k - ,b #b2 #da ,b - ,kt #h1 ,p - ,r #f2 #db ,p - ,r #e1 ,p - ,r #g2 #dc ,b x ,p1 ,r x ,b1 & if !re is a w9 x is v difficult to f9d x1 z aga9/ #dd ,p - ,r #f1 ,r - ,r #c 6 (f]s excell5t *ances = a draw4 #ci4 ,p x ,p ,p - ,r #f #dj4 ,b x ,kt ,r x ,kt ,p ,if #dj444,p - ,r #g2 #da ,r - ,kt #e *1 ,k - ,r #c2 #db ,r - ,kt #h4 #da4 ,b - ,q #e ,p - ,r #g #db4 ,r - ,r #f * ,resigns4 ,z an end game1 ?is is r a sad exhibition = two ma/]s4 ,! r$eem+ feature ( ! game is ,rub9/e9's f9e comb9ation 9 ! middle game1 beg9n+ ) #ad ,b x ,kt4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,game #c4 ,,irregul> ,,def5ce 7,havana1 #aiac7 ,:ite3 ,d4 ,jan[ski4 ,black3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 #a4 ,p - ,q #d ,kt - ,k ,b #c #b4 ,kt - ,k ,b #c ,p - ,q #c #c4 ,b - ,kt #e ,q ,kt - ,q #b #d4 ,p - ,k #c ,p - ,k #d #e4 ,kt - ,b #c ,p - ,b #c #f4 ,b - ,q #c ,b - ,k #b #g4 ,q - ,k #b ,q - ,r #d #h4 ,o - ,o ,kt - ,b #a #i4 ,k ,r - ,q #a ,b - ,kt #e #agj ,at la/ ,black is on 8 way to obta9 full developm5t4 ,! idea ( ?is irregul> op5+ is ma9ly to ?r[ ,:ite on 8 own res\rces4 ,at ! "t ! game 0 play$1 ! sy/em ( def5ce 0 n z well kn[n z ! regul> =ms ( ! ,que5's ,pawn op5+s4 ,:e!r x is s\nd or n rema9s yet to be prov$4 ,its good features are t x keeps ! c5tre intact )\t creat+ any p>ticul> weakness1 & t x gives pl5ty ( opportunity = deep & conceal$ manoeuvr+4 ,! drawback is ! long "t x takes ,black to develop 8 game4 ,x is natural to suppose t ,:ite w employ t "t to prep>e a well-conceiv$ attack1 or t he w use ! advantage ( 8 developm5t actually to prev5t ,black's complete developm5t1 or fail+ t1 to obta9 "s def9ite mat]ial advantage4 #aj4 ,p - ,k ,r #c ,b - ,r #d #aa4 ,p x ,p ,p x ,p #ab4 ,kt - ,k #d ,illu/ration #aga #ab4 44444444 ,kt x ,kt ,a v s]i\s mi/ake4 ,i consid]$ ca/l+1 :i* 0 ! "r move1 b desi/$ because ,i 0 afraid t by play+ #ac ,b x ,kt1 ,p x ,b2 #ad ,kt - ,kt #c1 ,b - ,kt #c2 #ae ,kt - ,b #e1 ,:ite w\ld obta9 a w9n+ position = ! end game4 ,:e!r "r or wrong ?is %[s h[ closely relat$ are all p>ts ( ! game1 & consequ5tly h[ "o w influ5ce ! o!r4 #ac4 ,b x ,b ,k x ,b #ad4 ,b x ,kt ,b - ,kt #c ,n good4 ,! natural & prop] move w\ld h be5 ,kt - ,k #c1 9 ord] to br+ all ! ,black pieces into play4 ,b x ,kt at once 0 also good1 z x w\ld h reliev$ ! pressure aga9/ ,black's ,k+'s ,pawn1 & at ! same "t h simplifi$ ! game4 ,"h x is se5 h[ failure to comply ) ! elem5t>y logical reasons1 t gov]n any giv5 position1 (t5 br+s ! play] into tr\ble4 ,i 0 no d\bt influ5c$ 9 my *oice ( moves by ! fe> ( ,b - ,b #e1 :i* 0 a v ?reat5+ move4 #ae4 ,q - ,b #d ,kt - ,k #c #af4 ,p - ,q ,kt #d ,q - ,b #b #ag4 ,b x ,b ,r ,p x ,b #ah4 ,q - ,k #d ,k - ,b #c #agb ,illu/ration #ai4 ,r - ,q #c ,p - ,k ,r #d1 to be foll[$ by ,p - ,kt #d1 might h be5 a m vigor\s way to c>ry on ! attack4 ,black's weak po9t is unque/ionably ! ,pawn at ,k #d1 :i* he is compell$ to def5d ) ! ,k+4 ,! text move aims at d\bl+ ! ,rooks1 ) ! ultimate object ( plac+ "o ( !m at ,q #f1 support$ by a ,pawn at ,q ,b #e1 ,black c\ld only /op ?is by play+ ,p - ,b #d :i* w\ld create a hole at ,q #e2 or by play+ ,p - ,kt #c1 :i* w\ld tie ! ,black ,que5 to ! def5ce ( ! ,q ,b ,p z well z ! ,k ,p1 :i* %e already def5ds4 ,black1 h[ev]1 c meet all ?is by (f]+ ! ex*ange ( ,rooks1 :i* de/roys ,:ite's plans4 ,= ?is reason ,p - ,k ,r #d appe>s ! prop] way to c>ry on ! attack4 #ai4 44444444 ,q ,r - ,q #a #bj4 ,q ,r - ,q #a ,p - ,k ,kt #d ,?is move is prep>atory to ,p - ,k ,kt #c1 :i* w\ld #agc make ,black's position secure4 ,un=tunately = ,black1 he did n c>ry out 8 orig9al plan4 #ba4 ,p - ,b #d ,r x ,r ,p - ,k ,kt #c w\ld h left ,black ) a p]fectly safe game4 #bb4 ,r x ,r ,r - ,q #a ,a v s]i\s mi/ake1 :i* loses a ,pawn4 ,p - ,k ,kt #c 0 ! "r move1 & w\ld h left ,black ) a v good game4 ,9 fact1 if x %\ld come to a simple end+1 ! position ( ! ,black ,k+ w\ld be an advantage4 #bc4 ,r x ,r ,kt x ,r ,illu/ration #bd4 ,p - ,k ,r #d ,?is w9s a ,pawn1 z w soon be se54 ,black _c reply #bd444,kt - ,k #c2 because #be ,p x ,p *1 ,kt x ,p2 #bf ,q - ,r #d w9s ! ,knight4 #agd #bd4 44444444 ,p x ,p #be4 ,q x ,p * ,k - ,k #c #bf4 ,q - ,kt #d * ,k - ,b #c #bg4 ,q - ,kt #e * ,k - ,k #c #bh4 ,q x ,p ,q - ,q #c #bi4 ,p - ,b #e ,q - ,q #d #cj4 ,p ,k #d 6 ,q - ,q #h * #ca4 ,k - ,r #b ,p - ,b #c #cb4 ,q - ,kt #d * 6 ,k - ,k #b #cc4 ,kt x ,p ,q x ,q #cd4 ,kt x ,q ,kt - ,k #c #ce4 ,p - ,k #e ,p x ,p #cf4 ,kt x ,p ,kt - ,q #e ,! game w5t on = a few m moves1 &1 !re be+ no way to c\nt]act ! advance ( ,:ite's two pass$ ,pawns1 ,black resign$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,game #d4 ,,fr5* ,,def5ce 7,/4 ,pet]sburg1 #aiac7 ,:ite3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 ,black3 ,e4 ,a4 ,snosko-,borovski4 #a4 ,p - ,q #d ,p - ,k #c #b4 ,p - ,k #d ,p - ,q #d #c4 ,kt - ,q ,b #c ,kt - ,k ,b #c #d4 ,b - ,kt #e ,b - ,kt #e ,?is con/itutes ! ,mc,cutcheon ,v>iation4 ,x aims at tak+ ! initiative away f ,:ite4 ,in/ead #age ( def5d+1 ,black makes a c\nt] demon/ration on ! ,que5's side4 ,x leads to highly int]e/+ games4 #e4 ,p x ,p ,at ! "t ?is game 0 play$ ! v>iation #e ,p - ,k #e 0 9 vogue1 b ,i consid]$ !n1 z ,i d n[1 ! text move to be ! /rong]4 #e4 44444444 ,q x ,p ,?is is consid]$ sup]ior to ,p x ,p4 ,x has = its object1 z ,i said be=e1 to take ! initiative away f ,:ite by disrupt+ ,:ite's ,que5's side4 ,:ite1 h[ev]1 has m ?an ample comp5sation ?r\gh 8 break+ up ,black's ,k+'s side4 ,x might be laid d[n z a pr9ciple ( ! op5+ t ! break+ up ( ! ,k+'s side is ( m importance ?an a simil> occurr5ce on ! ,que5's side4 #f4 ,b x ,kt ,b x ,kt * #g4 ,p x ,b ,p x ,b #h4 ,kt - ,b #c ,p - ,q ,kt #c ,! plan ( ,black 9 ?is v>iation is to po/ 8 ,bi%op on ! long diagonal s z to be able lat] on1 9 conjunction ) ! action ( 8 ,rooks along ! op5 ,k ,kt's file1 to make a viol5t attack aga9/ ,:ite's ,k+4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 expect$ t ,:ite w ,ca/le on ! ,k+'s side because ( ! brok5-up condition ( 8 ,que5's side ,pawns4 #agf #i4 ,q - ,q #b ,b - ,kt #b #aj4 ,b - ,k #b ,kt - ,q #b #aa4 ,p - ,b #d ,q - ,k ,b #d #ab4 ,o - ,o - ,o ,an orig9al idea1 ,i believe1 play$ = ! fir/ "t 9 a simil> position 9 a game aga9/ ,mr4 ,walt] ,p5n ,%ipley1 ( ,philadelphia4 ,my idea is t z !re is no ,black ,bi%op & because ,black's pieces h be5 develop$ ) a view to an attack on ! ,k+'s side1 x w be impossible = ,black to take advantage ( ! app>5tly unprotect$ position ( ,:ite's ,k+4 ,two possibilities mu/ be consid]$4 ,fir/ly3 ,if ,black ,ca/les on ! ,que5's side1 z 9 ?is game1 x is evid5t t !re is no dang] ( an attack4 ,secondly3 ,if ,black ,ca/les on ! ,k+'s side1 ,:ite beg9s ! attack fir/1 tak+ advantage ( ! awkw>d position ( ,black's ,que54 ,9 addition to ! attack+ probabilities ( ! text move1 ,:ite 9 "o move br+s 8 ,k+ into safety & br+s "o ( 8 ,rooks into play4 ,?us he ga9s sev]al moves1 tempi z !y are call$1 :i* w s]ve him to develop :atev] plan he may wi% to evolve4 #ab4 44444444 ,o - ,o - ,o #ac4 ,q - ,k #c ,k ,r - ,kt #a #ad4 ,p - ,kt #c ,q - ,q ,r #d ,unque/ionably a mi/ake1 ov]look+ ,:ite's f9e #agg reply1 b a c>eful exam9ation w %[ t ,:ite already has ! bett] position4 #ae4 ,r - ,q #c 6 ,k - ,kt #a #af4 ,k ,r - ,q #a ,q - ,k ,b #d ,illu/ration #ag4 ,kt - ,r #d ,?is move has be5 criticis$ because x puts ! ,knight out ( ! way = a few moves4 ,b by =c+ ,q - ,k ,kt #d2 ,:ite ga9s a v important move ) ,p - ,b #d1 :i* n only consolidates 8 position1 b also drives ! ,que5 away1 putt+ x out ( ! game = ! mom5t4 ,c]ta9ly ! ,que5 is f> m valuable ?an ! ,knight1 to say no?+ ( ! "t ga9$ & ! fre$om ( action obta9$ !reby = ,:ite's m important pieces4 #ag4 44444444 ,q - ,k ,kt #d #ah4 ,p - ,b #d ,q - ,kt #b #ai4 ,b - ,b #c #agh ,9 su* positions x is g5]ally v advantage\s to get rid ( ! ,black ,bi%op controll+ 8 ,q ,r #c & ,q ,b #c1 :i* =m holes = ,:ite's pieces4 ,! ,bi%op 9 su* positions is ( v great def5sive value1 h5ce ! advantage ( gett+ rid ( x4 #ai4 44444444 ,k ,r - ,k #a #bj4 ,b x ,b ,k x ,b #ba4 ,p - ,q ,b #e 6 ,p - ,b #c ,:ite ?reat5$ ,p - ,b #f *4 #bb4 ,kt - ,b #c ,q - ,b #a ,to prev5t ! ,knight f mov+ to ,q #f via ,q #b & ,k #d or ,q ,b #d4 ,x is self-evid5t t ,:ite has a great advantage ( position4 ,illu/ration #bc4 ,kt - ,q #b 8 ,i _h consid]$ ,r - ,kt #c1 :i* 0 ! "r move1 b gave x up because x seem$ too sl[1 & #agi t 9 su* a position !re _h to be "s quick] way ( w9n+4 #bc4 44444444 ,p x ,p #bd4 ,kt - ,b #d ,kt - ,k #d or ,kt - ,kt #c w\ld h br\ght ab\t an end+ advantage\s to ,:ite4 #bd4 44444444 ,kt - ,kt #c #be4 ,kt - ,r #e * ,k - ,r #a #bf4 ,p x ,p ,kt - ,q #d #bg4 ,q - ,q #d ,r - ,b #a ,if ,r - ,kt #a2 #bh ,kt x ,p1 ,r 7,kt #a7 - ,b #a2 #bi ,kt x ,p w\ld w94 ,illu/ration #bh4 ,p - ,b #d ,kt - ,b #d 0 ! "r move4 ,i 01 h[ev]1 /ill look+ = ! gr& comb9ation1 & ?\ght t ! ,pawn ,i w\ld lat] on h at ,q #f w\ld w9 ! game4 ,black des]ves great cr$it = ! way 9 :i* he conduct$ ?is exce$+ly difficult #ahj def5ce4 ,he c\ld easily h gone wrong any numb] ( times1 b f move #bb onw>ds he always play$ ! be/ move4 #bh4 44444444 ,p - ,k #d 6 #bi4 ,q - ,kt #a ,p - ,k #e #cj4 ,p x ,kt ,p x ,r #ca4 ,p - ,q #f ,r - ,k #g #cb4 ,p - ,q #g ,r - ,b #g * #cc4 ,k - ,kt #a ,r - ,kt #a * #cd4 ,kt - ,kt #c ,q - ,k #b ,illu/ration #ce4 ,r x ,p ,! position is mo/ int]e/+4 ,i believe ,i lo/ "h my la/ *ance to w9 ! game1 & if t is true x w\ld v9dicate my judgm5t :51 on move #bh1 ,i play$ ,p - ,b #d4 ,! /ud5t c f9d out :at w\ld happ5 if ,:ite plays ,q - ,q #d 6 at once4 ,i h gone ov] ! foll[+ v>iations3 #ce ,q - ,q #d1 ,r x ,k ,r ,p 7( c\rse if ,r x ,b ,p1 ,p - ,q #h w9s72 #aha #cf ,q x ,q ,p 6 ,r - ,q #a2 #cg ,q - ,r #f1 ,k - ,kt #a be/ 7if ,q - ,q #e *2 ,k - ,r #a1 ,k - ,kt #a2 ,r - ,q ,kt #a w9s72 #ch ,q x ,b ,p & ,:ite w at lea/ h a draw4 #ce4 44444444 ,r - ,k #g #cf4 ,q - ,q #d ,r - ,q #a #cg4 ,q - ,r #d ,q - ,k #e #ch4 ,q - ,r #f ,k - ,kt #a ,!re is no?+ to be done aga9/ ?is simple move1 s9ce ,:ite _c play ,kt - ,q #d1 because ,q - ,r #h mates4 #ci4 ,k - ,b #a ,r x ,q ,p #dj4 ,kt - ,q #d ,r - ,k #h * ,resigns4 ,a v int]e/+ battle4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,game #e4 ,,ruy ,,lopez 7,/4 ,pet]sburg1 #aiad7 ,:ite3 ,dr4 ,e4 ,lask]4 ,black3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 #a4 ,p - ,k #d ,p - ,k #d #b4 ,kt - ,k ,b #c ,kt - ,q ,b #c #c4 ,b - ,kt #e ,p - ,q ,r #c #d4 ,b x ,kt ,! object ( ?is move is to br+ ab\t spe$ily a middle-game )\t ,que5s1 9 :i* ,:ite #ahb has f\r ,pawns to ?ree on ! ,k+'s side1 :ile ,black's sup]iority ( ,pawns on ! o!r side is some:at balanc$ by ! fact t "o ( ,black's ,pawns is d\bl$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,black has ! advantage ( rema9+ ) two ,bi%ops :ile ,:ite has only "o4 #d4 44444444 ,q ,p x ,b #e4 ,p - ,q #d ,p x ,p #f4 ,q x ,p ,q x ,q #g4 ,kt x ,q ,b - ,q #c ,black's idea is to ,ca/le on ! ,k+'s side4 ,8 reason is t ! ,k+ ought to rema9 on ! weak] side to oppose lat] ! advance ( ,:ite's ,pawns4 ,!oretically !re is v mu* to be said 9 fav\r ( ?is reason+1 b :e!r 9 practice t w\ld be ! be/ sy/em w\ld be r difficult to prove4 ,! /ud5t %\ld notice t if n[ all ! pieces 7 ex*ang$ ,:ite w\ld practically be a ,pawn ahead1 & w\ld !re=e h a won end+4 #h4 ,kt - ,q ,b #c ,kt - ,k #b ,a p]fectly s\nd =m ( developm5t4 ,9 any o!r =m adopt$ ! ,black ,kt c\ld n be develop$ ei!r z quickly or z well4 ,k #b is ! natural position = ! ,black ,kt 9 ?is v>iation1 9 ord] n to ob/ruct ,black's ,pawns1 & also1 9 "s ev5tualities1 9 ord] to g to ,k ,kt #c4 ,!re is #ahc also ! possibility ( its go+ to ,q #e via ,q ,b #c aft] ,p - ,q ,b #d4 #i4 ,o - ,o ,o - ,o #aj4 ,p - ,b #d ,?is move ,i consid]$ weak at ! "t1 & ,i d /ill4 ,x leaves ! ,k ,p weak1 unless x advances to ,k #e1 & x also makes x possible = ,black to p9 ! ,kt by ,b - ,q ,b #d4 #aj4 44444444 ,r - ,k #a ,be/4 ,x ?reat5s ,b - ,b #d2 ,b - ,k #c1 ,kt - ,q #d4 ,x also prev5ts ,b - ,k #c because ( ,kt - ,q #d or ,b #d4 #aa4 ,kt - ,kt #c ,p - ,b #c ,prep>atory to ,p - ,q ,kt #c1 foll[$ by ,p - ,q ,b #d & ,b - ,kt #b 9 conjunction ) ,kt - ,kt #c1 :i* w\ld put ,:ite 9 great difficulties to meet ! comb9$ attack aga9/ ! two c5tre ,pawns4 #ab4 ,p - ,b #e ,illu/ration #ahd ,x has be5 wrongly claim$ t ?is w9s ! game1 b ,i w\ld l no?+ bett] ?an to h su* a position aga94 ,x requir$ sev]al mi/akes on my "p f9ally to obta9 a lo/ position4 #ab4 44444444 ,p - ,q ,kt #c #ac4 ,b - ,b #d ,illu/ration #ac4 44444444 ,b - ,kt #b ,play$ aga9/ my bett] judgm5t4 ,! "r move ( c\rse 0 ,b x ,b4 ,dr4 ,lask] gives ! foll[+ v>iation3 #ac444;,b x ,b2 #ad ,r x ,b1 ,p - ,b #d2 #ae ,q ,r - ,q #a1 ,b - ,kt #b2 #af ,r - ,b #b1 ,q ,r - ,q #a2 #ag ,r x ,r1 ,r x ,r2 #ah ,r - ,q #b1 ,r x ,r2 #ai ,kt x ,r1 & he claims t ,:ite has ! be/ ( x4 ,b1 z ,niemzovit* po9t$ out imm$iately aft] ! game1 #af444,q ,r - ,q #a giv5 9 ,dr4 ,lask]'s v>iation1 is n ! be/4 ,if #af444,q ,r - ,b #a 6 !n ,:ite w h great difficulty 9 draw+ ! game1 #ahe s9ce !re is no good way to /op ,black f play+ ,kt - ,b #c1 foll[$ by ,kt - ,k #d1 ?reat5+ ,kt - ,b #e4 ,& %\ld ,:ite attempt to meet ?is manoeuvre by )draw+ ! ,kt at ,kt #c2 !n ! ,black ,knight c g to ,q #e1 & ! ,:ite ,pawn at ,k #d w be ! object ( ! attack4 ,tak+ ,dr4 ,lask]'s v>iation1 h[ev]1 :atev] advantage !re might be disappe>s at once if ,black plays #ai444,kt - ,b #c1 ?reat5+ ,kt - ,kt #e & also ,kt - ,q #e1 nei!r ( :i* c be /opp$4 ,if ,:ite answ]s #bj ,kt - ,q #e1 ,kt - ,q #e = ,black w at lea/ draw4 ,9 fact1 aft] #ai444,kt - ,b #c ,black ?reat5s s _m ?+s t x is difficult to see h[ ,:ite c prev5t ! loss ( "o or m ,pawns4 #ad4 ,b x ,b ,p x ,b #ae4 ,kt - ,q #d ,x is a curi\s b true fact t ,i did n see ?is move :5 ,i play$ #ac444;,b - ,kt #b1 o!rwise ,i w\ld h play$ ! "r move #ac444;,b x ,b4 #ae4 44444444 ,q ,r - ,q #a ,! game is yet f> f lo/1 z aga9/ ! entry ( ! ,knight1 ,black c lat] on play ,p - ,b #d1 foll[$ by ,p - ,q #d4 #af4 ,kt - ,k #f ,r - ,q #b #ag4 ,q ,r - ,q #a #ahf ,illu/ration ,i n[ 0 on ! po9t ( play+ ,p - ,b #d1 to be foll[$ by ,p - ,q #d1 :i* ,i ?\ght w\ld give me a draw1 b sudd5ly ,i became ambiti\s & ?\ght t ,i c\ld play ! text move1 #ag444,kt - ,b #a1 & lat] on sacrifice ! ex*ange = ! ,knight at ,k #f1 w9n+ a ,pawn = x1 & leav+ ,:ite's ,k ,p /ill weak]4 ,i int5d$ to c>ry ?is plan ei!r be=e or aft] play+ ,p - ,k ,kt #d z ! circum/ances dem&$4 ,n[ let u analyse3 #ag444,p - ,b #d4 ,if #ah ,kt - ,q #e1 ,b x ,kt2 #ai ,p x ,b1 ,p - ,q ,kt #d2 & a c>eful analysis w %[ t ,black has no?+ to fe>4 ,black's plan 9 ?is case w\ld be to "w 8 ,kt ar\nd to ,k #d1 via ,q ,b #a1 ,q ,kt #c1 & ,q ,b #e or ,q #b4 ,aga91 #ag444,p - ,b #d2 #ah ,r - ,b #b1 ,p - ,q #d2 #ai ,p x ,p1 ,b x ,p2 #bj ,kt x ,b 7be/1 s9ce if ,r 7,b #b7 - ,q #b1 ,b x ,kt give ,black ! advantage71 ,r x ,kt2 #ba ,r x ,r1 ,kt x ,r2 & !re is no good reason :y ,black %\ld lose4 #ag4 44444444 ,kt - ,b #a #ah4 ,r - ,b #b ,p - ,q ,kt #d #ahg #ai4 ,k ,r - ,q #b ,r 7,q #b7 - ,k #b #bj4 ,p - ,q ,kt #d ,k - ,b #b #ba4 ,p - ,q ,r #c ,b - ,r #a ,once m *ang+ my plan & ?is "t )\t any good reason4 ,_h ,i n[ play$ ,r x ,kt2 ,p x ,r *1 ,r x ,p2 z ,i int5d$ to d :5 ,i w5t back ) ! ,knight to ,b #a1 ,i d\bt v mu* if ,:ite w\ld h be5 able to w9 ! game4 ,at lea/ x w\ld h be5 extremely difficult4 #bb4 ,k - ,b #b ,r - ,r #b #bc4 ,p - ,kt #d ,p - ,r #c #bd4 ,r - ,q #c ,p - ,q ,r #d #be4 ,p - ,k ,r #d ,p x ,p #bf4 ,p x ,p ,r 7,r #b7 - ,k #b ,?is1 ( c\rse1 has no object n[4 ,black1 ) a bad game1 fl\nd]s ar\nd = a move4 ,x w\ld h be5 bett] to play ,r - ,r #f to keep ! op5 file1 & at ! same "t to ?reat5 to come out ) ! ,knight at ,kt #c & ,b #e4 #bg4 ,k - ,b #c ,r - ,kt #a #bh4 ,k - ,b #d ,p - ,kt #c ,aga9 bad4 ,:ite's la/ two moves 7 weak1 s9ce ! ,:ite ,k+ does no?+ "h4 ,he %\ld h play$ 8 ,rook to ,kt #c on ! #bg? move4 ,black n[ %\ld h play$ ,p - ,kt #d *4 ,aft] miss+ ?is *ance ,:ite has x all 8 own way1 & f9i%es ! game mo/ accurately1 & ,black becomes m #ahh helpless ) ea* move4 ,! game ne$s no fur!r comm5t1 except+ t my play ?r\gh\t 0 ( an altoge!r irresolute "*4 ,:5 a plan is made1 x mu/ be c>ri$ out if at all possible4 ,reg>d+ ! play ( ,:ite1 ,i consid] 8 #aj? & #ab? moves 7 v weak2 he play$ well aft] t up to ! #bg? move1 :i* 0 bad1 z well z 8 #bh? move4 ,! re/ ( 8 play 0 good1 probably p]fect4 #bi4 ,r - ,kt #c ,p - ,kt #d * #cj4 ,k - ,b #c ,kt - ,kt #c #ca4 ,p x ,p ,r ,p x ,p #cb4 ,r - ,r #c ,r - ,q #b #cc4 ,k - ,kt #c 6 ,k - ,k #a #cd4 ,q ,r - ,k ,r #a ,b - ,kt #b #ce4 ,p - ,k #e ,q ,p x ,p #cf4 ,kt - ,k #d ,kt - ,q #d #cg4 ,kt 7,k #f7 - ,b #e ,b - ,b #a #ch4 ,kt x ,r ,b x ,kt #ci4 ,r - ,r #g ,r - ,b #a #dj4 ,r - ,r #a ,k - ,q #a #da4 ,r - ,r #h * ,b - ,b #a #db4 ,kt - ,b #e ,resigns4 99 99 99 99 99 #ahi ,,game #f4 ,,fr5* ,,def5ce 7,rice ,memorial ,t\rnam5t1 #aiaf7 ,:ite3 ,o4 ,*ajes4 ,black3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 #a4 ,p - ,k #d ,p - ,k #c #b4 ,p - ,q #d ,p - ,q #d #c4 ,kt - ,q ,b #c ,kt - ,k ,b #c #d4 ,b - ,kt #e ,b - ,kt #e ,( all ! v>iations ( ! ,fr5* ,def5ce ,i l ?is be/1 because x gives ,black m *ances to obta9 ! initiative4 #e4 ,p - ,k #e ,?\gh ,i consid] ,p x ,p ! be/ move1 !re is mu* to be said 9 fav\r ( ?is move1 b n ( ! v>iation z a :ole1 :i* ,:ite adopt$ 9 ?is game4 #e4 44444444 ,p - ,k ,r #c #f4 ,b - ,q #b ,b x ,kt #g4 ,p x ,b ,kt - ,k #e #h4 ,q - ,kt #d ,k - ,b #a ,! alt]native1 ,p - ,k ,kt #c2 leaves ,black's ,k+'s side v weak4 ,:ite by play+ ,p - ,k ,r #d w\ld =ce ,black to play ,p - ,k ,r #d2 & lat]1 on ,:ite's ,bi%op by go+ to ,q #c1 w\ld ?reat5 ! weak5$ ,k ,kt ,p4 ,by ! text move ,black gives up ,ca/l+1 b ga9s "t = an attack aga9/ ,:ite's c5tre & ,que5's side4 #aij #i4 ,b - ,b #a ,p - ,q ,b #d ,?reat5+ ,q - ,r #d & /opp+ !reby ,:ite's ?reat ( ,b - ,r #c4 ,x demon/rates t ,:ite's la/ move 0 a complete loss ( "t & m]ely weak5$ 8 position4 #aj4 ,b - ,q #c ,q - ,r #d #aa4 ,kt - ,k #b ,p x ,p #ab4 ,o - ,o ,p x ,p #ac4 ,b x ,kt ,p x ,b #ad4 ,q x ,p ,kt - ,b #c ,illu/ration ,black has come out ( ! op5+ ) a ,pawn to ! good4 ,8 developm5t1 h[ev]1 has suff]$ some:at1 & !re are ,bi%ops ( opposite col\r1 s t x _c be said z yet1 t ,black has a won game2 b he has c]ta9ly ! be/ ( ! position1 because1 besides be+ a ,pawn to ! good1 he ?reat5s ,:ite's ,k ,p1 :i* mu/ ( c\rse be #aia def5d$1 & ?is 9 turn w give him ! opportunity to po/ 8 ,knight at ,q #d via ,k #b4 ,:5 ! ,black ,knight is po/$ at ,q #d1 ! ,bi%op w be develop$ to ,b #c via ,q #b1 z soon z ! opportunity pres5ts itself1 & x w be ,black t w !n h ! initiative1 & c consequ5tly decide ! c\rse ( ! game4 #ae4 ,r - ,q #a ,to prev5t ,kt - ,k #b2 :i* w\ld be answ]$ by ,kt x ,p1 or /ill bett] by ,b - ,r #c4 ,! move1 h[ev]1 is /rategically wrong1 s9ce by br++ 8 pieces to ! ,que5's side1 ,:ite loses any *ance he might h ( mak+ a det]m9$ attack on ! ,k+'s side be=e ,black is ?or\ghly prep>$ = x4 #ae4 44444444 ,p - ,k ,kt #c #af4 ,p - ,b #d ,k - ,kt #b #ag4 ,b - ,k #c ,bett] w\ld h be5 ,p - ,q ,r #d1 9 ord] to play ,b - ,r #c4 ,! ,:ite ,b w\ld be mu* bett] po/$ on ! op5 diagonal ?an "h1 :]e x acts purely on ! def5sive4 #ag4 44444444 ,kt - ,k #b #ah4 ,b - ,b #b ,kt - ,q #d ,?is ,knight completely p>alyses ! attack1 z x dom9ates ! :ole situation1 & !re is no way to dislodge x4 ,beh9d x ,black c quietly develop 8 pieces4 ,! game c n[ be said to be won = ,black /rategically4 #aib #ai4 ,r - ,q #c ,b - ,q #b #bj4 ,kt - ,q #d ,q ,r - ,q ,b #a #ba4 ,r - ,kt #c ,k - ,r #b #bb4 ,p - ,k ,r #d ,k ,r - ,kt #a #bc4 ,p - ,r #e ,q - ,kt #e ,9 ord] to p9 ! ,knight & be ready to come back to ei!r ,k #b or ,b #a4 ,also to prev5t ,q ,r - ,kt #a4 ,9 reality ne>ly all ^! precautions are unnecess>y1 s9ce ,:ite's attack am\nts to no?+4 ,probably ,black %\ld h left aside all ^! consid]ations1 & play$ ,q - ,r #e n[1 9 ord] to foll[ x up ) ,p - ,b #d1 z he did lat]1 b "u less fav\rable circum/ances4 #bd4 ,r - ,r #c ,illu/ration #bd4 44444444 ,p - ,b #d ,n ! be/1 z ,:ite w soon prove4 ,q - ,b #a w\ld h avoid$ ev]y?+1 b ,black wants to assume ! initiative at once & plunges into #aic complications4 ,h[ev]1 z w soon be se51 ! move is n a los+ "o by any means4 #be4 ,p x ,p e4p4 ,kt x ,p 7,b #c7 #bf4 ,p x ,p * ,r x ,p ,illu/ration #bg4 ,r x ,p * ,?is w9s ! ,que54 #bg4 44444444 ,k x ,r #bh4 ,kt - ,b #e * ,p x ,kt #bi4 ,q x ,q ,illu/ration #aid ,! position looks mo/ int]e/+4 ,i ?\ght x w\ld be possible to get up su* an attack aga9/ ! ,:ite ,k+ z to make x impossible = him to hold out mu* long]1 b ,i 0 wrong1 unless x c\ld h be5 done by play+ ,b - ,b #c fir/1 =c+ ,p - ,kt #c & !n play+ ,k - ,r #d4 ,i foll[$ a simil> plan1 b lo/ a v important move by play+ ,q ,r - ,k ,kt #a2 :i* gave ,:ite "t to play ,r - ,q #a4 ,i am conv9c$1 h[ev]1 t ,b - ,b #c at once 0 ! "r move4 ,:ite w\ld be =c$ to play ,p - ,kt #c1 & ,black w\ld reply ) ei!r ,k - ,r #d2 z already indicat$1 :i* looks ! be/ 7! plan1 ( c\rse1 is to play ,r - ,k ,r #a2 & foll[ x up ) ,k - ,kt #e2 ?reat5+ mate1 or "s o!r move accord+ to circum/ances4 ,9 "s cases1 ( c\rse1 x w be bett] fir/ to play ,k - ,kt #e71 or ,kt - ,k #e1 :i* w at lea/ give him a draw4 ,!re are s _m possibilities 9 ?is position t x w\ld be impossible to give !m all4 ,x w be wor? ! read]'s "t to g c>efully ?r\gh ! l9es ( play indicat$ above4 #bi4 44444444 ,q ,r - ,k ,kt #a ,z /at$ ,b - ,b #c 0 ! be/ move4 #cj4 ,p - ,kt #c ,b - ,b #c #ca4 ,r - ,q #a ,k - ,r #d ,! plan1 ( c\rse1 z expla9$ above1 is to g to ,kt #e 9 due "t & ?reat5 mate at ,k ,r #h1 b x is n[ too late1 ! ,:ite ,rook hav+ come 9 #aie "t to prev5t ! manoeuvre4 ,in/ead ( ! text move1 !re=e1 ,black %\ld h play$ ,kt - ,k #e2 :i* w\ld h giv5 him a draw at ! v lea/4 ,aft] ! text moves ! tables are turn$4 ,x is n[ ,:ite :o has ! upp] h&1 & ,black :o has to fight = a draw4 #cb4 ,r - ,q #f ,b - ,k #e ,kt - ,k #e 0 /ill ! "r move1 & probably ! la/ *ance ,black _h to draw aga9/ ,:ite's be/ play4 #cc4 ,q x ,b ,p ,kt - ,q #d #cd4 ,r x ,r ,k x ,r ,kt x ,q2 ,r x ,r1 ,kt x ,p 0 no bett]4 #ce4 ,q - ,k #e ,k - ,b #b #cf4 ,p - ,b #d ,r - ,k #a #cg4 ,q - ,kt #b ,kt - ,b #c #ch4 ,b - ,q #d ,r - ,k ,r #a #ci4 ,q - ,kt #e ,r - ,r #h * #dj4 ,k - ,b #b ,p - ,r #c #da4 ,q - ,kt #f ,r - ,r #g * #db4 ,k - ,k #a ,kt - ,q #b #dc4 ,q - ,q #f ,b - ,b #c #dd4 ,p - ,kt #d ,p x ,p #de4 ,p - ,k ,b #e ,r - ,r #h * #df4 ,k - ,q #b ,k - ,k #a #dg4 ,p - ,b #f ,r - ,r #b #dh4 ,q - ,k #f * ,k - ,b #a #di4 ,b - ,k #c ,r - ,b #b #ej4 ,b - ,r #f * ,k - ,kt #a #aif ,mo/ play]s w be wond]+1 z ! spectators did1 :y ,i did n resign4 ,! reason is t :ile ,i knew ! game to be lo/1 ,i 0 hop+ = ! foll[+ v>iation1 :i* ,*ajes came v ne> play+3 #ea ,q x ,p *1 ,k - ,r #b2 #eb ,q - ,r #e1 ,r x ,p2 #ec ,b - ,kt #e *1 ,k - ,kt #b2 #ed ,b x ,r *1 ,k x ,b2 & :ile ,:ite has a won game x is by no means easy4 ,if ! read] does n believe x1 let him take ! ,:ite pieces aga9/ a ma/] & see :at happ5s4 ,my oppon5t1 :o decid$ to take no *ances1 play$ #ea ,b - ,kt #g1 & f9ally won z %[n bel[4 #ea4 ,b - ,kt #g ,p - ,kt #f #eb4 ,k - ,k#b ,p - ,kt #g #ec4 ,k - ,b #b ,kt - ,b #a #ed4 ,q - ,kt #d ,kt - ,q #b #ee4 ,k - ,kt #a ,p - ,r #d #ef4 ,p - ,r #d ,b x ,p #eg4 ,q - ,r #c ,r x ,p #eh4 ,b x ,r ,kt x ,b #ei4 ,q x ,p * ,k - ,b #a #fj4 ,q x ,p & aft] a v few m moves ,black resign$4 ,a v f9e game on ,*ajes' "p f move #be on1 = :ile ,black1 hav+ ! be/ ( ! position1 miss$ sev]al *ances1 ,:ite1 on ! o!r h&1 miss$ none4 99 99 99 99 99 #aig ,,game #g4 ,,ruy ,,lopez 7,san ,seba/ian1 #aiaa7 ,:ite3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 ,black3 ,a4 ,burn #a4 ,p - ,k #d ,p - ,k #d #b4 ,kt - ,k ,b #c ,kt - ,q ,b #c #c4 ,b - ,kt #e ,p - ,q ,r #c #d4 ,b - ,r #d ,kt - ,b #c #e4 ,p - ,q #c ,?is is a v solid developm5t1 to :i* ,i 0 mu* addict$ at ! "t1 because ( my ignorance ( ! multiple v>iations ( ! op5+s4 #e4 44444444 ,p - ,q #c #f4 ,p - ,b #c ,b - ,k #b ,9 ?is v>iation !re is ! alt]native ( develop+ ?is ,bi%op via ,kt #b1 aft] ,p - ,k ,kt #c4 #g4 ,q ,kt - ,q #b ,o - ,o #h4 ,kt - ,b #a ,p - ,q ,kt #d #i4 ,b - ,b #b ,p - ,q #d #aj4 ,q - ,k #b ,p x ,p #aa4 ,p x ,p ,b - ,q ,b #d ,evid5tly to make room = ! ,que5 at ,k #b1 b ,i d n ?9k ! move advisable at ?is /age4 ,b - ,k #c is a m natural & effective move4 ,x develops a piece & ?reat5s ,b - ,b #e1 :i* w\ld h to be /opp$4 #ab4 ,b - ,kt #e ,b - ,k #c #aih ,n[ x is n s effective1 because ,:ite's ,q ,b is out1 & ! ,knight1 9 go+ to ,k #c to def5d ! squ>e ,q ,b #d1 does n block ! ,q ,b4 #ac4 ,kt - ,k #c ,r - ,k #a #ad4 ,o - ,o ,q - ,k #b ,?is is bad4 ,black's game 0 already n good4 ,he probably _h no *oice b to take ! ,knight ) ! ,bi%op be=e mak+ ?is move4 ,illu/ration #ae4 ,kt - ,q #e ,b x ,kt #af4 ,p x ,b ,kt - ,kt #a 9 ord] to br+ x to ,q #b1 to support ! o!r ,knight & also 8 ,k+'s ,pawn4 ,:ite1 h[ev]1 does n all[ "t = ?is1 & by tak+ advantage ( 8 sup]ior position is able to w9 a ,pawn4 #ag4 ,p - ,q ,r #d ,p - ,kt #e ,s9ce he _h no way to prev5t ! loss ( a ,pawn1 he %\ld h giv5 x up :]e x is1 & play$ ,q ,kt - ,q #b1 9 ord] to make 8 position m solid4 #aii ,! text move n only loses a ,pawn1 b leaves ,black's game v mu* weak5$4 #ah4 ,p x ,p ,b x ,p #ai4 ,b x ,kt ,q x ,b #bj4 ,q - ,k #d ,b - ,q #c #ba4 ,q x ,p * ,k - ,b #a ,illu/ration ,) a ,pawn m & all 8 pieces ready = action1 :ile ,black is /ill backw>d 9 developm5t1 x only rema9s = ,:ite to drive home 8 advantage be=e ,black c come out ) 8 pieces1 9 :i* case1 by us+ ! op5 ,k ,r file1 ,black might be able to />t a /rong attack aga9/ ,:ite's ,k+4 ,:ite is able by 8 next move to elim9ate all dang]4 #bb4 ,kt - ,r #d ,q - ,r #c ,?is is practically =c$4 ,black c\ld n play ,p - ,kt #c because ( ,b x ,p1 & ,:ite mean:ile ?reat5$ ,q - ,r #h * foll[$ by ,kt - ,b #e * & ,q x ,p4 #bjj #bc4 ,q x ,q ,p x ,q #bd4 ,kt - ,b #e ,p - ,k ,r #d #be4 ,b - ,q #a ,kt - ,q #b #bf4 ,b x ,p ,kt - ,b #c #bg4 ,b - ,k #b ,kt x ,p #bh4 ,k ,r - ,q #a ,kt - ,b #e #bi4 ,b - ,b #d ,k ,r - ,q #a #cj4 ,p - ,r #d ,p - ,r #d ,black mu/ lose "t assur+ ! safety ( ?is ,pawn4 #ca4 ,p - ,kt #c ,kt - ,k #c #cb4 ,b x ,kt ,p x ,b #cc4 ,kt - ,k #c ,k ,r - ,kt #a #cd4 ,kt - ,b #d ,k - ,k #b ,black fights a hopeless battle4 ,he is two ,pawns d[n = all practical purposes1 & ! ,pawns he has are isolat$ & h to be def5d$ by pieces4 #ce4 ,q ,r - ,b #a ,r - ,r #b ,:ite ?reat5$ ,kt x ,b1 foll[$ by ,r - ,b #g *4 #cf4 ,r - ,k #a ,k - ,b #c #cg4 ,r - ,k #d ,r - ,kt #e #ch4 ,p - ,kt #d ,r - ,r #c ,if ,r x ,r ,p2 ,kt x ,b ( c\rse w\ld w9 a piece #ci4 ,r - ,b #c ,b - ,b #d #dj4 ,r - ,b #c * ,k - ,kt #b #da4 ,p - ,kt #c ,b - ,q #e #db4 ,k - ,kt #b ,r - ,r #a #bja #dc4 ,p - ,kt #e ,r - ,r #c #dd4 ,p - ,r #e ,r x ,kt #de4 ,p x ,r ,r - ,b #c #df4 ,p - ,kt #f ,resigns4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,game #h4 ,,c5tre ,,game 7,b]l9 #aiac7 ,:ite3 ,j4 ,mieses4 ,black3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 #a4 ,p - ,k #d ,p - ,k #d #b4 ,p - ,q #d ,p x ,p #c4 ,q x ,p ,kt - ,q ,b #c #d4 ,q - ,k #c ,kt - ,b #c #e4 ,kt - ,q ,b #c ,b - ,kt #e #f4 ,b - ,q #b ,o - ,o #g4 ,o - ,o - ,o ,r - ,k #a ,9 ?is position1 in/ead ( ! text move1 ,p - ,q #c is (t5 play$ 9 ord] to develop ! ,q ,b4 ,my idea 0 to ex]t suffici5t pressure aga9/ ! ,k ,p to w9 x1 & ?us ga9 a mat]ial advantage1 :i* w\ld1 at lea/1 comp5sate :atev] slight advantage ( position ,:ite might h4 ,! plan1 ,i ?9k1 is q feasible1 my subsequ5t difficulties be+ due to faulty execution ( ! plan4 #h4 ,q - ,kt #c ,kt x ,p #i4 ,kt x ,kt ,r x ,kt #aj4 ,b - ,k ,b #d #bjb ,illu/ration #aj4 44444444 ,q - ,b #c ,:ite's ?reat to rega9 ! ,pawn 0 m]ely ) ! idea ( ga9+ "t to develop 8 pieces4 ,black c\ld h play$ ,p - ,q #c2 op5+ ! way = 8 ,q ,b1 :5 w\ld h foll[$1 #aa ,b - ,q #c1 ,r - ,k #a2 #ab ,kt - ,b #c1 & ,:ite w\ld soon />t a p[]ful direct attack aga9/ ,black's ,k+4 ,) ! text move ,black aims at tak+ ! initiative away f ,:ite 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples laid d[n 9 ?is book4 #aa4 ,kt - ,r #c ,if ,b x ,p1 ,p - ,q #c2 & ,:ite's ,bi%op w\ld be completely %ut (f1 & c\ld only be extricat$1 if at all1 ) s]i\s loss ( position4 ,! text move aims at quick developm5t to keep ! initiative4 #aa4 44444444 ,p - ,q #c ,?is n[ is n only a develop+ move1 b x also ?reat5s to w9 a piece by ,b x ,kt4 #bjc #ab4 ,b - ,q #c ,kt - ,q #e ,?is complicates ! game unnecess>ily4 ,r - ,k #a2 0 simple1 & p]fectly safe4 #ac4 ,b - ,k #c ,illu/ration #ac4 44444444 ,b - ,kt #e ,?is is a s]i\s mi/ake4 ,! position 0 mo/ int]e/+1 & ?\gh 9 appe>ance dang]\s = ,black1 n s 9 reality4 ,! "r move w\ld h be5 #ac444,r - ,kt #e1 :5 we w\ld h #ad ,b x ,kt1 ,r x ,b2 #ae ,p - ,q ,b #c1 ,b x ,p2 #af ,p x ,b1 ,r - ,k ,kt #e2 #ag ,q - ,k #c 7be/71 ,q x ,p *2 #ah ,b - ,b #b1 ,q x ,q2 #ai ,p x ,q1 ,r x ,p1 & ,black has ! be/ ( ! game ) f\r ,pawns = a ,knight1 besides ! fact t all ! ,:ite ,pawns are isolat$4 #ad4 ,kt - ,kt #e 6 ,r x ,b ,!re 0 no?+ bett]4 #ae4 ,q x ,b 6 ,kt - ,k #g * #bjd ,illu/ration #af4 ,b x ,kt 6 ,r x ,b #ag4 ,kt - ,k #d 6 ,r x ,kt #ah4 ,q x ,r ,q - ,kt #d * #ai4 ,p - ,k ,b #d ,q - ,kt #d #bj4 ,p - ,b #c ,b - ,b #d #ba4 ,k ,r - ,k #a ,q - ,b #c #bb4 ,r - ,q #e ,q x ,q w\ld h giv5 ,:ite a decid$ advantage1 en\gh to w9 ) prop] play4 ,mieses1 h[ev]1 fe>$ ! difficulties ( an end+ :]e1 :ile hav+ ! ex*ange1 he w\ld be a ,pawn m9us4 ,he pref]r$ to keep ! ,que5s on ! bo>d & keep up ! attack4 ,at fir/ sight1 & ev5 aft] c>eful ?\ght1 !re seems to be no objection to 8 plan2 b 9 tru? su* is n ! case4 ,f ?is po9t ! game w gradually improve 9 ,black's fav\r until1 ) ! ex*ange ahead1 ,:ite is lo/4 #bje #bb4 44444444 ,q - ,q #b #bc4 ,p - ,b #e ,p - ,q ,b #c #bd4 ,r - ,q #b ,p - ,q #d ,illu/ration ,my plan = ! mom5t is v simple4 ,x w consi/ 9 br++ my ,bi%op ar\nd to ,b #c4 ,!n ,i %all try to p>alyse ,:ite's attack aga9/ my ,k+ by play+ ,p - ,k ,r #c1 & also prev5t ,:ite f ev] play+ ,p - ,k ,kt #e4 ,once my ,k+ is safe f attack ,i %all beg9 to advance my ,que5's side ,pawns1 :]e !re are f\r to ?ree2 & t advantage1 c\pl$ ) ! enorm\s attack+ p[] ( my ,bi%op at ,b #c1 w at lea/ assure me an ev5 *ance ( success4 #be4 ,q - ,b #c ,b - ,k #b #bf4 ,q ,r - ,k #b ,b - ,b #c #bg4 ,q - ,r #e ,p - ,k ,r #c #bh4 ,p - ,k ,kt #d ,k - ,r #b 6 #bjf ,to prev5t ,p - ,k ,r #d1 :i* ,i w\ld answ] ) ,p - ,k ,kt #c1 w9n+ ! ,que54 ,x c n[ be consid]$ t my ,k+ is safe f attack4 ,:ite w h to )draw 8 ,que5 via ,r #c1 & ,black c use ! "t to beg9 8 advance on ! ,que5's side4 #bi4 ,k - ,kt #a ,r - ,q #a #cj4 ,r - ,q #a ,p - ,b #d ,notice t1 on assum+ ! def5sive1 ,:ite has plac$ 8 ,rooks correctly f ! po9t ( view ( /rategy4 ,!y are bo? on :ite squ>es free f ! possible attack ( ! ,black ,bi%op4 #ca4 ,q - ,r #c ,q - ,r #e ,?is ga9s "t by attack+ ! ,rook & hold+ ! ,:ite ,q at ,r #c = ! mom5t1 on acc\nt ( ! ,k ,kt ,p4 ,besides1 ! ,que5 mu/ be 9 ! middle ( ! fray n[ t ! attack has to be br\ght home4 ,:ite has actually m value 9 mat]ial1 & !re=e ,black mu/ utilise ev]y?+ at 8 comm& 9 ord] to succe$4 #cb4 ,r 7,k#b7 - ,q #b ,q - ,k #e * #cc4 ,k - ,r #a ,p - ,q ,kt #d ?reat5+ ,p - ,kt #e2 :i* w\ld op5 ! l9e ( action ( ! ,bi%op & also secure a pass$ ,pawn4 #cd4 ,q - ,kt #b ,q - ,r #e indirectly def5d+ ! ,q ,p1 :i* ,:ite _c take on acc\nt ( ,q x ,r *4 #bjg _/99 #ce4 ,k - ,kt #a ,p - ,kt #e 99_/ ,! attack increases 9 =ce z x is gradually br\ght home directly aga9/ ! ,k+4 ,! position n[ is mo/ int]e/+ & extremely difficult4 ,x is d\btful if !re is any valid def5ce aga9/ ,black's be/ play4 ,! v>iations are num]\s & difficult4 ,illu/ration #cf4 ,p x ,p ,q x ,p ,black has n[ a pass$ ,pawn1 & 8 ,bi%op ex]ts great pressure4 ,:ite _c v well play n[ #cg ,r x ,p because ( ,r x ,r2 #ch ,r x ,r1 ,b x ,p2 & ,:ite c\ld n take ! ,bi%op because ,q - ,k #e * w\ld w9 ! ,rook1 leav+ ,black a cle> pass$ ,pawn ahead4 #cg4 ,p - ,q ,r #c ,q - ,r #e 6 #ch4 ,r x ,p ,r - ,q ,kt #a #ci4 ,r 7,q #a7 - ,q #b ,p - ,b #e #dj4 ,q - ,kt #c ,r - ,kt #f #da4 ,q - ,q #f #bjh ,illu/ration #da4 44444444 ,p - ,b #f ,b x ,p w\ld also w91 :i* %[s t ,:ite's game is altoge!r gone4 ,9 ^! cases1 h[ev]1 x is n ! prettie/ move t %\ld be play$1 b ! mo/ effective "o1 ! move t w make y\r oppon5t resign soone/4 #db4 ,r - ,q ,b #b ,p x ,p #dc4 ,r - ,q #c ,q - ,k #e 6 #dd4 ,r - ,q #a ,r - ,q ,b #f ,resigns4 ,( c\rse ,:ite mu/ play ,q - ,q #b1 & ,black !n plays ,r x ,p4 99 99 99 99 99 #bji ,,game #i4 ,,que5',s ,,gambit ,,decl9$ 7,b]l91 #aiac7 ,:ite3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 ,black3 ,r4 ,tei*mann4 #a4 ,p - ,q #d ,p - ,q #d #b4 ,kt - ,k ,b #c ,kt - ,k ,b #c #c4 ,p - ,b #d ,p - ,k #c #d4 ,b - ,kt #e ,b - ,k #b #e4 ,kt - ,b #c ,q ,kt - ,q #b #f4 ,p - ,k #c ,o - ,o #g4 ,r - ,b #a ,p - ,q ,kt #c #h4 ,p x ,p ,p x ,p #i4 ,b - ,kt #e ,an inv5tion ( my own1 ,i believe4 ,i play$ x on ! spur ( ! mom5t simply to *ange ! normal c\rse ( ! game4 ,g5]ally ! ,bi%op goes to ,q #c1 or to ,r #f1 aft] ,q - ,r #d4 ,! text move is 9 ! nature ( an ord9>y develop+ move1 & z x violates no pr9ciple x _c be bad4 #i4 44444444 ,b - ,kt #b #aj4 ,o - ,o ,p - ,q ,r #c #aa4 ,b - ,r #d ,r - ,b #a #ab4 ,q - ,k #b ,p - ,b #d #ac4 ,p x ,p ,kt x ,p ,if ,p x ,p2 ,k ,r - ,q #a1 & ,:ite w\ld play to w9 "o ( ,black's c5tre ,pawns4 ,! drawback to ! #baj text move is t x leaves ,black's ,q ,p isolat$1 & consequ5tly weak & subject to attack4 #ad4 ,k ,r - ,q #a ,kt x ,b ,! alt]native w\ld h be5 #ad444,p - ,kt #d2 #ae ,b - ,b #b1 ,p - ,kt #e2 #af ,kt - ,q ,r #d1 ,kt 7,b #d7 - ,k #e4 #ae4 ,kt x ,kt ,p - ,kt #d #af4 ,r x ,r ,q x ,r #ag4 ,kt - ,b #c ,q - ,b #e ,black aims at ! ex*ange ( ,que5s 9 ord] to rema9 ) two ,bi%ops = ! end+1 b 9 ?is position su* a c\rse is a mi/ake1 because ! ,bi%op at ,kt #b is inactive & _c come into ! game by any means1 unless ,black gives up ! isolat$ ,que5's ,pawn :i* ! ,bi%op mu/ def5d4 #ah4 ,kt - ,q #d ,n1 ( c\rse1 ,r - ,q #d1 because ( ,q x ,q2 ,kt x ,q1 ,r - ,b #a2 & !re w\ld be no good way to prev5t ,r - ,b #g4 #ah4 44444444 ,q x ,q #ai4 ,kt 7,b #c7 x ,q 6 ,notice ! co-ord9ation ( ! ,knights' moves4 ,!y are manoeuvr$ *a9-l1 s to speak1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 "o ( !m1 ei!r at ,q #d or ready to g !re4 ,n[ ,:ite ?reat5s to take ! op5 file1 & !re=e =ces ,black's next move4 #ai4 44444444 ,r - ,b #a #baa ,illu/ration ,! /ud5t %\ld exam9e ?is position c>efully4 ,!re seems to be no p>ticul> dang]1 yet1 z ,:ite w demon/rate1 ,black may be said to be lo/4 ,if ! game is n altoge!r lo/1 ! def5ce is at lea/ ( ! mo/ difficult k9d2 inde$1 ,i mu/ confess t ,i c see no adequate def5ce aga9/ ,:ite's next move4 #bj4 ,kt - ,b #e 6 ,k - ,b #a ,if #bj444;,b - ,q #a2 #ba ,kt - ,q #f1 ,r - ,b #b2 #bb ,kt x ,b1 ,r x ,kt2 #bc ,b x ,kt1 ,b x ,b2 #bd ,r x ,p1 ,r - ,b #b2 #be ,r - ,q #b1 & ,:ite is a ,pawn ahead4 ,if #bj444;,b moves any:]e else1 !n ,b x ,kt1 d\bl+ ! ,k ,b ,p & isolat+ all ( ,black's ,k+'s side ,pawns4 #ba4 ,kt x ,b ,k x ,kt #bb4 ,kt - ,q #d ,p - ,kt #c ,?is is practically =c$1 z ,:ite ?reat5$ ,kt - ,b #e *4 ,notice t ! ,black ,knight is p9n$ 9 su* a way t no relief c be af=d$ except by giv+ up ! ,k ,r ,p or ab&on+ ! op5 file #bab ) ! ,rook1 :i* w\ld be disa/r\s1 z ,:ite w\ld imm$iately sieze x4 #bc4 ,p - ,b #c 6 ,illu/ration #bc4 44444444 ,p - ,r #c ,black c\ld d no?+ else except m>k "t ) 8 ,rook along ! op5 file1 s9ce z soon z he mov$ away ,:ite w\ld take x4 ,:ite1 on ! o!r h&1 ?reat5s to m>* up ) 8 ,k+ to ,k #e via ,k ,b #b1 ,k ,kt #c1 ,k ,b #d1 aft] hav+1 ( c\rse1 prep>$ ! way4 ,h5ce1 ,black's be/ *ance 0 to give up a ,pawn1 z 9 ! text1 9 ord] to free 8 ,knight4 #bd4 ,b x ,p ,kt - ,q #b #be4 ,p - ,k ,r #d ,kt - ,b #d #bf4 ,b - ,b #d ,kt - ,k #c ,black ex*anges ,knights to rema9 ) ,bi%ops ( #bac opposite col\rs1 :i* gives him ! be/ *ance to draw4 #bg4 ,kt x ,kt ,k x ,kt #bg444,p x ,kt w\ld be worse1 z ,:ite w\ld !n be able to po/ 8 ,bi%op at ,k #e4 #bh4 ,r - ,q #b ,r - ,k ,r #a ,illu/ration ,black wants to =ce ,b - ,kt #c4 ,p - ,k ,kt #c w\ld be bad1 on acc\nt ( ,p - ,q #e2 :i* w\ld get ! ,black ,bi%op into ! game1 ev5 ?\gh ,:ite c\ld answ] ,p - ,k #d4 ,! text move is1 h[ev]1 weak1 z w soon be se54 ,8 be/ *ance 0 to play ,p - ,kt #e2 & foll[ x up ) ,p - ,r #d & ,b - ,r #c4 ,:ite mean:ile c\ld play ,p - ,kt #d & ,r #e1 obta9+ a pass$ ,pawn1 :i*1 ) prop] play1 %\ld w94 #bi4 ,r - ,q ,b #b 6 ,r - ,q ,b #a #cj4 ,r x ,r ,b x ,r ,!re are n[ ,bi%ops ( opposite col\r1 b nev]!less ,:ite has an easily-won game4 #bad #ca4 ,k - ,b #b ,illu/ration #ca4 44444444 ,p - ,q #e ,practically =c$4 ,o!rwise ! ,:ite ,k+ w\ld m>* up to ,q #d & !n to ,b #e & w9 ,black's ,que5's side ,pawns4 ,if ,black attempt$ to /op ?is by putt+ 8 ,k+ at ,q ,b #c !n ! ,:ite ,k+ w\ld ent] ?r\gh ,k #e into ,black's ,k+'s side & w9 j z easily4 #cb4 ,p x ,p ,k - ,q #d #cc4 ,k - ,k #c ,b - ,k #c #cd4 ,k - ,q #c ,k - ,b #c #ce4 ,p - ,q ,r #c ,b - ,b #e * #cf4 ,k - ,k #c ,b - ,k #c #cg4 ,b - ,r #f ,x is bett] n to hurry ,p - ,k ,kt #d because ( ,p - ,b #d2 = al?\gh ,:ite c\ld w9 9 any case1 x w\ld take long]4 ,n[ ! ,:ite ,k+ ?reat5s to help by go+ 9 ?r\gh ,k ,b #d aft] po/+ ! ,bi%op #bae at ,kt #g1 :]e x n only protects ! ,q ,p1 b indirectly also ! ,q ,kt ,p4 #cg4 44444444 ,k - ,q #d #ch4 ,b - ,kt #g ,resigns4 ,! /ud5t ought to h realis$ by ?is "t ! enorm\s importance ( play+ well e k9d ( end+4 ,9 ?is game aga91 practically f ! op5+1 ,:ite aim$ at no?+ b ! isolation ( ,black's ,q ,p4 ,once he obta9$ t1 he tri$ = & obta9$1 =tunately1 ano!r advantage ( position else:]e :i* translat$ itself into ! mat]ial advantage ( a ,pawn4 ,!n by accurate play+ 9 ! end+ he gradually =c$ home 8 advantage4 ,?is end+ has ! m]it ( hav+ be5 play$ aga9/ "o ( ! f9e/ play]s 9 ! _w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,game #aj4 ,,petr(f ,,def5ce 7,/4 ,pet]sburg1 #aiad7 ,:ite3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 ,black3 ,f4 ,j4 ,m>%all #a4 ,p - ,k #d ,p - ,k #d #b4 ,kt - ,k ,b #c ,kt - ,k ,b #c #c4 ,kt x ,p ,p - ,q #c #d4 ,kt - ,k ,b #c ,kt x ,p #e4 ,q - ,k #b ,q - ,k #b #f4 ,p - ,q #c ,kt - ,k ,b #c #g4 ,b - ,kt #e #baf ,play$ by ,morphy1 & a v f9e move4 ,! po9t is t %\ld ,black ex*ange ,que5s he w be a move beh9d 9 developm5t & consequ5tly w get a cramp$ game if ,:ite plays accurately4 #g4 44444444 ,b - ,k #c ,m>%all ?\ght at ! "t t ?is 0 ! be/ move & consequ5tly play$ x 9 pref]5ce to ,q x ,q *4 #h4 ,kt - ,b #c ,p - ,k ,r #c #i4 ,b x ,kt ,q x ,b #aj4 ,p - ,q #d ,b - ,k #b #aa4 ,q - ,kt #e * ,kt - ,q #b #ab4 ,b - ,q #c 6 ,illu/ration ,x is n[ "t to exam9e ! result ( ! op5+4 ,on ,:ite's side we f9d ! m9or pieces well po/$ & ! ,que5 out 9 a some:at odd place1 x is true1 b safe f attack & actually attack+ a ,pawn4 #bag ,:ite is also ready to ,ca/le4 ,:ite's position is evid5tly free f dang] & 8 pieces c easily manoeuvre4 ,on ,black's side ! fir/ ?+ we notice is t he has reta9$ bo? 8 ,bi%ops1 unque/ionably an advantage2 b on ! o!r h& we f9d 8 pieces bun*$ toge!r too mu*1 & ! ,que5 9 dang] ( be+ attack$ )\t hav+ any good squ>e to g to4 ,! ,bi%op at ,k #b has no fre$om & x blocks ! ,que51 :i*1 9 its turn1 blocks ! ,bi%op4 ,besides1 ,black _c ,ca/le on ! ,k+'s side because ,q x ,p1 ,r - ,kt #a2 ,q - ,k #d ?reat5+ mate1 w9s a ,pawn4 ,nor c he ,ca/le on ! ,que5's side because ,q - ,r #e w\ld put ,black's game 9 imm95t dang]1 s9ce he _c play ,p - ,r #c because ( ,b x ,p2 nor c he play ,k - ,kt #a because ( ,kt - ,kt #e4 ,consequ5tly we mu/ conclude t ! op5+ is all 9 ,:ite's fav\r4 #ab4 44444444 ,p - ,kt #d ,to make room = 8 ,que51 ?reat5+ also ,p - ,kt #e4 #ac4 ,p - ,k ,r #c ,o - ,o giv+ up a ,pawn 9 an attempt to free 8 game & take ! initiative4 ,x 0 difficult = him to f9d a move1 z ,:ite ?reat5$ ,kt - ,k #d1 & %\ld ,black g ) ! ,que5 to ,kt #b1 !n ,p - ,q #e1 ,b - ,b #d2 ,kt x ,p *1 foll[$ by ,b x ,b4 #bah #ad4 ,q x ,p ,q ,r - ,kt #a #ae4 ,q - ,k #d ,q - ,kt #b #af4 ,p - ,q ,kt #c ,p - ,q ,b #d ,9 ord] to break up ,:ite's c5tre & br+ 8 ,knight to ,b #d & ?us lay ! f\ndation = a viol5t attack aga9/ ,:ite's ,k+4 ,! plan1 h[ev]1 fails1 z x always mu/ 9 su* cases1 because ,black's developm5t is backw>d1 & consequ5tly 8 pieces are n prop]ly plac$4 #ag4 ,o - ,o ,p x ,p #ah4 ,kt - ,q #e 6 ,a simple move1 :i* de/roys ,black's plan utt]ly4 ,black w n[ h no conc]t$ action ( 8 pieces1 &1 z 8 ,pawns are all weak1 he w soon] or lat] lose !m4 ,illu/ration #ah4 44444444 ,b - ,q #a #ai4 ,b - ,b #d ,kt - ,b #d #bj4 ,q x ,p ,q x ,q #bai ,! fact t he has to ex*ange ,que5s :5 he is a ,pawn beh9d %[s t ,black's game is lo/4 #ba4 ,kt x ,q ,b x ,kt #bb4 ,b x ,b ,b - ,b #c #bc4 ,q ,r - ,q #a ,b x ,kt ,! ,knight 0 too ?reat5+4 ,b n[ ! end+ br\ght ab\t is "o 9 :i* ! ,bi%op is /rong] ?an ! ,knight2 :i* makes ,black's plight a desp]ate "o4 ,! game has no fur!r int]e/1 & x is only because ( its value z a /udy ( ?is v>iation ( ! ,petr(f t ,i h giv5 x4 ,black 0 able to fight x out until ! sixtie? move on acc\nt ( "s poor play on ,:ite's "p4 ,! re/ ( ! moves are giv5 m]ely z a matt] ( =m4 #bd4 ,r x ,b ,k - ,kt #b #be4 ,b - ,b #d ,r - ,kt #c #bf4 ,r - ,k #a ,k - ,b #c #bg4 ,p - ,b #d ,kt - ,k #c #bh4 ,p x ,p * ,p x ,p #bi4 ,r - ,b #a * ,k - ,k #b #cj4 ,r - ,kt #d ,r - ,k ,kt #a #ca4 ,r - ,b #e ,r - ,b #c #cb4 ,p - ,k ,r #d ,k ,r - ,q ,b #a #cc4 ,p x ,p ,r - ,b #d #cd4 ,b x ,kt ,p x ,b #ce4 ,r x ,r ,r x ,r #cf4 ,p - ,kt #f ,k - ,b #a #cg4 ,r - ,q ,b #d ,r - ,q ,r #d #bbj #ch4 ,p - ,r #d ,k - ,kt #b #ci4 ,r - ,b #f ,r - ,q #d #dj4 ,r - ,b #g * ,k x ,p #da4 ,r x ,p ,r - ,q #h * #db4 ,k - ,r #b ,p - ,q #d #dc4 ,p - ,r #e ,r - ,q ,b #h #dd4 ,r - ,b #g ,r - ,q ,r #h #de4 ,p - ,q ,kt #d ,r - ,r #e #df4 ,p - ,b #c ,p - ,q #e #dg4 ,r - ,b #f ,p x ,p #dh4 ,r x ,p ,r x ,kt ,p #di4 ,r - ,q ,r #c ,r - ,kt #b #ej4 ,p - ,r #f ,r - ,q ,r #b #ea4 ,r - ,r #e ,k - ,b #c #eb4 ,p - ,kt #d ,k - ,k #b #ec4 ,k - ,kt #c ,k - ,q #c #ed4 ,k - ,b #d ,k - ,b #b #ee4 ,k - ,k #e ,k - ,q #b #ef4 ,p - ,kt #e ,k - ,k #b #eg4 ,p - ,kt #f ,k - ,b #a #eh4 ,k x ,p ,k - ,k #a #ei4 ,p - ,kt #g ,r x ,p #fj4 ,p - ,r #g ,r - ,kt #c * #fa4 ,k - ,b #e ,resigns4 99 99 99 99 99 #bba ,,game #aa4 ,,ruy ,,lopez 7,/4 ,pet]sburg1 #aiad7 ,:ite3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 ,black3 ,d4 ,jan[ski4 #a4 ,p - ,k #d ,p - ,k #d #b4 ,kt - ,k ,b #c ,kt - ,q ,b #c #c4 ,b - ,kt #e ,p - ,q ,r #c #d4 ,b x ,kt ,q ,p x ,b #e4 ,kt - ,b #c ,i play$ ?is move aft] hav+ discuss$ x ) ,ale*9 on sev]al occasions4 ,ale*9 consid]$ x1 at ! "t1 sup]ior to ,p - ,q #d1 :i* is g5]ally play$4 ,he play$ x himself lat] on 9 ! ,t\rnam5t1 9 "o ( 8 games aga9/ ,dr4 ,e4 ,lask]1 & obta9$ ! sup]ior game1 :i* he only lo/ ?r\gh a blund]4 #e4 44444444 ,b - ,q ,b #d ,p - ,b #c is probably ! be/ move 9 ?is position4 ,i d n l ! text move4 #f4 ,p - ,q #c ,b - ,k ,kt #e #g4 ,b - ,k #c ,b x ,b ,?is op5s ! ,k ,b file = ,:ite1 & also re9=ces 8 c5tre1 b ,black naturally did n want to make a second move ) ?is ,bi%op4 #h4 ,p x ,b ,q - ,k #b #i4 ,o - ,o ,o - ,o - ,o ,bold play1 typical ( ,jan[ski4 #bbb #aj4 ,q - ,k #a ,kt - ,r #c ,illu/ration ,! problem = ,:ite n[ is to advance 8 ,q ,kt ,p to ,kt #e z fa/ z he c4 ,if he plays ,p - ,q ,kt #d at once1 ,black simply takes x4 ,if he plays fir/ ,p - ,q ,r #c & !n ,p - ,q ,kt #d1 he w /ill h to protect 8 ,q ,kt ,p be=e he c g on & play ,p - ,q ,r #d & ,p - ,kt #e4 ,z a matt] ( fact ,:ite play$ a r unusual move1 b "o :i*1 "u ! circum/ances1 0 ! be/1 s9ce aft] x he c\ld at once play ,p - ,q ,kt #d & !n ,p - ,q ,r #d & ,p - ,kt #e4 #aa4 ,r - ,kt #a 6 ,p - ,b #c #ab4 ,p - ,kt #d ,kt - ,b #b #ac4 ,p - ,q ,r #d ,b x ,kt ,he simplifies1 hop+ to light5 ,:ite's attack1 :i* w h to be conduct$ practically ) only ! heavy pieces on ! bo>d4 ,he may h also done x 9 ord] to play ,kt - ,kt #d & ,k #c4 #bbc #ad4 ,r x ,b ,tak+ ) ! ,pawn w\ld h op5$ a possibility = a c\nt] attack4 #ad4 44444444 ,p - ,q ,kt #c ,he is =c$ to ?is 9 ord] to avoid ! break+ up ( 8 ,que5's side ,pawns4 ,! only alt]native w\ld h be5 ,p - ,q ,kt #d2 :i* on ! face ( x looks bad4 #ae4 ,p - ,kt #e ,b ,p x ,p #af4 ,p x ,p ,p - ,q ,r #d #ag4 ,kt - ,q #e ,q - ,b #d #ah4 ,p - ,b #d ,illu/ration ,! ,:ite ,knight is n[ a t[] ( /r5g?4 ,beh9d x ,:ite w be able to prep>e an attack1 :i* w beg9 ) ,p - ,q #d1 to drive away ! ,black ,que5 & ?us leave himself free to play ,p - ,b #e4 ,!re is only "o ?+ to take c>e ( & t #bbd is to prev5t ,black f sacrific+ ! ,rook = ! ,knight & a ,pawn4 #ah4 44444444 ,kt - ,kt #d #ai4 ,r - ,b #b ,kt - ,k #c #bj4 ,q - ,b #c ,r - ,q #b ,_h ,:ite on 8 #ai? move play$ ,k ,r - ,b #a in/ead ( ,r - ,b #b1 ,black c\ld h play$ n[ in/ead ( ! text move1 ,r x ,kt2 ,k ,p x ,r1 ,q x ,p *2 foll[$ by ,kt - ,b #d ) a w9n+ game4 #ba4 ,r - ,q #a ,k - ,kt #b ,x w\ld h be5 bett] = ,black to play ,k - ,q #a4 ,! text move loses v rapidly4 #bb4 ,p - ,q #d ,q - ,q #c #bc4 ,r - ,b #b ,p x ,p #bd4 ,p x ,p ,kt - ,b #e #be4 ,p - ,b #e ,kt x ,kt #bf4 ,p x ,kt ,q x ,q ,p #bg4 ,p - ,b #f * ,k - ,kt #a #bh4 ,p x ,r ,q x ,p 7,q #b7 #bi4 ,p - ,q #e ,r - ,k #a #cj4 ,p - ,q #f ,p x ,p #ca4 ,q - ,b #f ,resigns4 99 99 99 99 99 #bbe ,,game #ab4 ,,fr5* ,,def5ce 7,new ,york1 #aiah7 ,:ite3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 ,black3 ,o4 ,*ajes4 #a4 ,p - ,k #d ,p - ,k #c #b4 ,p - ,q #d ,p - ,q #d #c4 ,kt - ,q ,b #c ,kt - ,k ,b #c #d4 ,b - ,q #c ,n ! mo/ fav\r$ move1 b a p]fectly natural develop+ "o1 & consequ5tly x _c be bad4 #d 44444444 ,p x ,p ,p - ,q ,b #d is g5]ally play$ 9 ?is case in/ead ( ! text move4 #e4 ,kt x ,p ,q ,kt - ,q #b #f4 ,kt x ,kt * ,kt x ,kt #g4 ,kt - ,b #c ,b - ,k #b ,illu/ration #bbf #h4 ,q - ,k #b ,?is is play$ to prev5t ,p - ,q ,kt #c1 foll[$ by ,b - ,kt #b1 :i* is ! g5]al =m ( developm5t = ,black 9 ?is v>iation4 ,if ,black n[ plays #h444,p - ,q ,kt #c2 #i4 ,b - ,kt #e *1 ,b - ,q #b2 #aj4 ,kt - ,k #e & ,:ite obta9s a consid]able advantage 9 position4 #h4 44444444 ,o - ,o #i4 ,b - ,k ,kt #e ,p - ,k ,r #c ,( c\rse ,black c\ld n play ,p - ,q ,kt #c because ( ,b x ,kt1 foll[$ by ,q - ,k #d4 #aj4 ,b x ,kt ,b x ,b #aa4 ,q - ,k #d ,p - ,k ,kt #c ,?is weak5s ,black's ,k+'s side4 ,r - ,k #a 0 ! "r move4 #ab4 ,p - ,k ,r #d ,illu/ration #ab4 44444444 ,p - ,k #d ,?is is m]ely giv+ up a ,pawn 9 ord] to come out quickly ) 8 ,q ,b4 ,b z he does n obta9 #bbg any comp5sation = 8 ,pawn1 ! move is bad4 ,he %\ld h play$ ,q - ,q #d & tri$ to fight ! game out t way4 ,x might h cont9u$ ?us3 #ac4 ,q - ,b #d1 ,b - ,kt #b2 #ad4 ,q x ,b ,p1 ,b x ,p2 #ae4 ,kt x ,b1 ,q x ,kt2 #af4 ,o - ,o - ,o ) consid]able advantage ( position = ,:ite4 ,! text move might be consid]$ a mild =m ( suicide4 #ac4 ,p x ,p ,b - ,b #d #ad4 ,q - ,k ,b #d ,b x ,b #ae4 ,o - ,o - ,o ,b - ,kt #b #af4 ,r x ,b ,q - ,k #b #ag4 ,q - ,b #d ,9 ord] to keep ! ,black ,que5 f com+ into ! game4 #ag4 44444444 ,q ,r - ,q #a #ah4 ,k ,r - ,q #a ,a bett] plan w\ld h be5 to play ,r - ,k #a1 ?reat5+ ,p - ,k #f4 #ah4 44444444 ,r x ,r #ai4 ,r x ,r ,r - ,k #a #bj4 ,p - ,b #c ,p - ,q ,b #c ,( c\rse if ,b x ,p2 ,kt x ,b1 ,q x ,kt2 ,r - ,k #c4 ,black ) a ,pawn m9us fights v h>d4 #ba4 ,r - ,k #c ,! ,pawn _h n[ to be def5d$ aft] ,black's la/ move1 because aft] ,b x ,p2 ,kt x ,b1 ,q x ,kt2 #bbh ,r - ,k #c1 ,black c\ld n[ play ,q - ,kt #a def5d+ ! ,rook4 #ba4 44444444 ,p - ,q ,b #d #bb4 ,k - ,b #b ,p - ,kt #c #bc4 ,p - ,r #d ,:ite's plan n[ is to fix ! ,que5's side 9 ord] to be able to manoeuvre freely on ! o!r side1 :]e he has ! advantage ( mat]ial4 #bc4 44444444 ,q - ,q #b #bd4 ,r - ,q #c ,q - ,b #a #be4 ,q - ,k #d ,q - ,k #c #bf4 ,r - ,q #e ,k - ,b #a #bg4 ,p - ,b #d ,k - ,kt #a ,illu/ration ,black sees t he n[ /&s 9 8 be/ def5sive position1 & !re=e waits = ,:ite to %[ h[ he int5ds to break ?r\gh4 ,he notices1 ( c\rse1 t ! ,:ite ,knight is 9 ! way ( ! ,k ,b ,p1 :i* _c advance to ,k ,b #d to def5d1 or support r1 ! ,pawn at ,k #e4 #bbi #bh4 ,p - ,q ,kt #c ,k - ,b #a #bi4 ,k - ,q #c ,k - ,kt #a #cj4 ,r - ,q #f ,q - ,b #a #ca4 ,r - ,q #e ,q - ,k #c #cb4 ,p - ,k ,kt #d ,k - ,b #a #cc4 ,q - ,b #d ,k - ,kt #a #cd4 ,q - ,k #d ,k - ,b #a ,illu/ration ,black p]si/s 9 wait+ = developm5ts4 ,he sees t if ,p - ,k ,r #e1 ,p x ,p2 ,p x ,p1 ! ,que5 goes to ,r #f1 & ,:ite w h to face s]i\s difficulties4 ,9 ?is situation ,:ite decides t ! only c\rse is to br+ 8 ,k+ to ,k ,kt #c1 s z to def5d ! squ>es ,k ,r #c & ,k ,kt #d1 :]e ! ,black ,que5 might o!rwise become a s\rce ( annoyance4 #ce4 ,k - ,k #b ,k - ,kt #a #cf4 ,k - ,b #a ,k - ,b #a #cg4 ,k - ,kt #b ,k - ,kt #a #ch4 ,k - ,kt #c ,k - ,b #a #bcj ,n[ t he has complet$ 8 m>* ) ! ,k+1 ,:ite is ready to advance4 ,illu/ration #ci4 ,p - ,k ,r #e ,p x ,p #ci444,p - ,k ,kt #d w\ld be answ]$ by ,q - ,b #e1 ) a w9n+ game4 #dj4 ,p x ,p ,q - ,k #b ,aga9/ ,k - ,kt #a2 ,:ite w\ld play ,q - ,kt #d1 practically =c+ ! ex*ange ( ,que5s1 aft] :i* ,:ite w\ld h little tr\ble 9 w9n+ ! end+1 s9ce ,black's ,bi%op c\ld n d mu* damage 9 ! result+ position4 #da4 ,q - ,b #e ,k - ,kt #a ,black ov]looks ! =ce ( #db ,r - ,q #g4 ,8 be/ def5ce 0 ,r - ,q #a2 aga9/ :i* ,:ite c\ld ei!r advance ! ,k+ or play ,kt - ,r #d1 ?reat5+ ,kt - ,kt #f *4 #db4 ,r - ,q#g ,b x ,p * #bca ,?is loses a piece1 b ,black's position 0 altoge!r hopeless4 #dc4 ,k - ,kt #d ,q - ,b #c #dd4 ,kt x ,b ,q - ,kt #b * #de4 ,k - ,b #d ,resigns4 ,! int]e/ ( ?is game c5tres ma9ly on ! op5+ & on ! m>* ( ! ,:ite ,k+ dur+ ! f9al /age ( ! game4 ,x is an in/ance ( ! ,k+ becom+ a fight+ piece1 ev5 :ile ! ,que5s are /ill on ! bo>d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,game #ac4 ,,ruy ,,lopez 7,new ,york1 #aiah7 ,:ite3 ,j4 ,s4 ,morrison4 ,black3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 #a4 ,p - ,k #d ,p - ,k #d #b4 ,kt - ,k ,b #c ,kt - ,q ,b #c #c4 ,b - ,kt #e ,p - ,q #c #d4 ,kt - ,b #c ,b - ,q #b #e4 ,p - ,q #d ,p x ,p #f4 ,kt x ,p ,p - ,k ,kt #c ,9 ?is =m ( def5ce ( ! ,ruy ,lopez ! developm5t ( ! ,k ,b via ,kt #b is1 ,i ?9k1 ( great importance4 ,! ,bi%op at ,kt #b ex]ts great pressure along ! long diagonal4 ,at ! same "t ! position ( ! ,bi%op & ,pawns 9 front ( ! ,k+1 once x is ,ca/l$1 is "o ( great def5sive /r5g?4 ,!re=e1 9 ?is =m ( developm5t1 ! ,bi%op1 #bcb we might say1 ex]ts its maximum /r5g? 7,comp>e ?is note ) ! "o 9 ! ,capablanca-,burn game at ,san ,seba/ian1 page #aig47 #g4 ,kt - ,b #c ,b - ,kt #b #h4 ,b - ,kt #e ,kt - ,b #c ,( c\rse n ,k ,kt - ,k #b2 because ( ,kt - ,q #e4 ,! alt]native w\ld h be5 ,p - ,b #c2 to be foll[$ by ,k ,kt - ,k #b2 b 9 ?is position x is pref]able to h ! ,kt at ,k ,b #c4 #i4 ,q - ,q #b ,p - ,k ,r #c #aj4 ,b - ,k ,r #d ,an error ( judgm5t4 ,:ite wants to keep ! ,knight p9n$1 b x 0 m important to prev5t ,black f ,ca/l+ imm$iately4 ,b - ,k ,b #d w\ld h done ?is4 #aj4 44444444 ,o - ,o #aa4 ,o - ,o - ,o ,bold play1 b aga9 faulty judgm5t1 unless he int5d$ to play to w9 or lose1 ?r[+ safety to ! w9ds4 ,! ,black ,bi%op at ,kt #b becomes a v p[]ful attack+ piece4 ,! /rategical disposition ( ! ,black pieces is n[ f> sup]ior to ,:ite's1 !re=e x w be ,black :o w take ! (f5sive4 #aa4 44444444 ,r - ,k #a #ab4 ,k ,r - ,k #a #bcc ,illu/ration ,:ite want$ to keep 8 ,q ,r on ! op5 file1 & consequ5tly br+s ov] 8 o!r ,rook to ! c5tre to def5d 8 ,k ,p1 :i* ,black ?reat5$ to w9 by ,p - ,k ,kt #d1 foll[$ by ,kt x ,p4 #ab4 44444444 ,p - ,kt #d 6 ,n[ t ! ,k ,r is 9 ! c5tre1 ,black c safely advance1 s9ce1 9 ord] to attack on ! ,k+'s side1 ,:ite w\ld h to %ift 8 ,rooks1 :i* he _c d s long z ,black keeps up ! pressure 9 ! c5tre4 #ac4 ,b - ,kt #c ,kt - ,k ,r #d ,uncov]+ ! ,bi%op1 :i* n[ acts along ! long diagonal1 & at ! same "t prev5t+ ,p - ,k #e1 :i* w\ld be answ]$ by ,kt x ,b2 ,p x ,kt1 ,kt x ,p2 etc41 w9n+ a ,pawn4 #ad4 ,kt - ,q #e ,p - ,r #c ,black drives ! ,bi%op away s z to unp9 8 pieces & be able to manoeuvre freely4 #bcd #ae4 ,b - ,q #c ,b - ,k #c ,prep>+ ! onslaught4 ,black's pieces beg9 to be> aga9/ ! ,k+'s position4 #af4 ,p - ,b #c ,illu/ration ,) ! la/ move ,:ite n only blocks ! action ( ,black's ,k ,b1 b he also aims at plac+ 8 ,bi%op at ,q ,kt #a & 8 ,que5 at ,q ,b #b1 & !n advanc+ 8 ,k ,p1 to *eck at ,k ,r #g4 #af4 44444444 ,p - ,b #d 6 ,initiat+ an attack to :i* !re is no reply1 & :i* has = its ultimate object ei!r ! w9n+ ( ! ,:ite ,q ,b or cutt+ x (f f ! game4 7,comp>e ?is game ) ! ,w9t]-,capablanca game at ,ha/+s47 #ag4 ,p - ,k ,r #d ,p - ,b #e ,! ,bi%op is n[ out ( action4 ,:ite naturally c\nt] attacks viol5tly aga9/ ! seem+ly #bce expos$ position ( ! ,black ,k+1 &1 ) v good judgm5t1 ev5 (f]s ! ,bi%op4 ,illu/ration #ah4 ,p x ,p 6 ,p x ,p 6 ,tak+ ! ,bi%op w\ld be dang]\s1 if n actually bad1 :ile ! text move accompli%es ,black's object1 :i* is to put ! ,bi%op out ( action4 #ai4 ,r - ,r #a ,b - ,b #b #bj4 ,k - ,kt #a ,?is move unque/ionably loses "t4 ,s9ce he w\ld h to retire 8 ,bi%op to ,r #b soon] or lat]1 he might h done x imm$iately4 ,x is d\btful1 h[ev]1 if at ?is /age ( ! game x w\ld be possible = ,:ite to save ! game4 #bj4 44444444 ,kt - ,k #d #ba4 ,kt x ,kt ,r x ,kt ,x 0 difficult to decide :i* way to retake4 ,i #bcf took ) ! ,rook 9 ord] to h x prep>$ = a possible attack aga9/ ! ,k+4 #bb4 ,b - ,r #b ,kt - ,b #c ,n[ t ! ,:ite ,bi%op has be5 driv5 back1 ,black wants to get rid ( ,:ite's /rongly po/$ ,knight at ,q #e1 :i* blocks ! attack ( ! ,bi%op at ,b #b4 ,x may be said t ! ,knight at ,q #e is ! key to ,:ite's def5ce4 ,illu/ration #bc4 ,p - ,kt #c ,:ite /rives n only to h play = 8 ,bi%op1 b also he wants to break up ,black's ,pawns 9 ord] to c\nt]-attack4 ,! alt]native w\ld h be5 #bc ,kt x ,kt *1 ,q x ,kt2 & ,black w\ld be ?reat5+ ,r - ,r #d1 & also ,q - ,k #c4 ,! /ud5t %\ld notice t ,black's drawback 9 all ?is is ! fact t he is play+ m9us ! s]vices ( 8 ,q ,r4 ,x is ?is fact t makes x possible = ,:ite to hold out long]4 #bcg #bc4 44444444 ,kt x ,p #bd4 ,b x ,kt ,r x ,b #be4 ,p x ,p ,p - ,b #c ,illu/ration #bf4 ,kt - ,k #c ,kt - ,kt #d 0 ! alt]native1 b 9 any ev5t ,:ite c\ld n resi/ ! attack4 ,i leave x to ! read] to "w ?is out = himself1 z ! v>iations are s num]\s t !y w\ld take up too mu* space4 #bf4 44444444 ,q - ,r #d #bg4 ,p - ,b #d ,q x ,q #bh4 ,r x ,q ,p x ,p #bi4 ,kt - ,kt #d ,b - ,kt #c ,?is =ces ! ,k+ to ! corn]1 :]e he w be 9 a mat+ net4 #cj4 ,k - ,r #a ,q ,r - ,k #a ,n[ at la/ ! ,q ,r ent]s into ! game & soon ! battle is ov]4 #ca4 ,p - ,r #c ,if ,r x ,p1 ,r - ,k #h *2 ,r - ,q #a1 ,r 7,k #a7 - ,k #g4 #bch #ca4 44444444 ,r - ,k #h * #cb4 ,r x ,r ,r x ,r * #cc4 ,k - ,r #b ,b - ,b #b #cd4 ,k - ,kt #c ,p - ,q #d ! quicke/ way to f9i% ! game4 #ce4 ,b x ,p ,p x ,p * #cf4 ,k - ,kt #d ,p - ,b #f #cg4 ,p x ,p ,r - ,k #e * #ch4 ,p - ,b #d ,r x ,p * #ci4 ,k - ,r #e ,r x ,b #dj4 ,r - ,q #h * ,k - ,r #b #da4 ,r - ,q #g ,b - ,k #c ,resigns4 ,a v lively game4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,game #ad4 ,,que5',s ,,gambit ,,decl9$ 7,new ,york1 #aiah7 ,:ite3 ,f4 ,j4 ,m>%all4 ,black3 ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca4 #a4 ,p - ,q #d ,p - ,q #d #b4 ,kt - ,k ,b #c ,kt - ,k ,b #c #c4 ,p - ,b #d ,p - ,k #c #d4 ,kt - ,b #c ,q ,kt - ,q #b #e4 ,b - ,kt #e ,b - ,k #b #f4 ,p - ,k #c ,o - ,o #g4 ,r - ,b #a ,p - ,b #c ,?is is "o ( ! olde/ sy/ems ( def5ce aga9/ ! ,que5's ,gambit4 ,i _h play$ x be=e 9 ?is ,t\rnam5t aga9/ ,ko/ic1 & no d\bt ,m>%all expect$ x4 ,at times ,i *ange my def5ces1 #bci or r sy/ems ( def5ce2 on ! o!r h&1 dur+ a ,t\rnam5t1 if "o ( !m has giv5 me good results1 ,i g5]ally play x all ! "t4 #h4 ,q - ,b #b ,p x ,p #i4 ,b x ,p ,kt - ,q #d #aj4 ,b x ,b ,q x ,b #aa4 ,o - ,o ,kt x ,kt #ab4 ,q x ,kt ,p - ,q ,kt #c ,?is is ! key to ?is sy/em ( def5ce4 ,hav+ simplifi$ ! game consid]ably by a s]ies ( ex*anges1 ,black w n[ develop 8 ,q ,b along ! long diagonal )\t hav+ creat$ any app>5t weakness4 ,! prop] developm5t ( ! ,q ,b is ,black's greate/ problem 9 ! ,que5's ,gambit4 #ac4 ,p - ,k #d ,b - ,kt #b #ad4 ,k ,r - ,k #a ,k ,r - ,q #a ,illu/ration ,! develop+ /age c n[ be said to be complete on bo? sides4 ,! op5+ is ov] & ! middle-game beg9s4 ,:ite1 z is g5]ally ! case1 has #bdj obta9$ ! c5tre4 ,black1 on ! o!r h&1 is entr5*$ 9 8 fir/ ?ree ranks1 & if giv5 "t w po/ 8 ,q ,r at ,q ,b #a & 8 ,knight at ,k ,b #c1 & f9ally play ,p - ,q ,b #d1 9 ord] to break up ,:ite's c5tre & give full action to ! ,black ,bi%op po/$ at ,q ,kt #b4 ,9 ?is game ,:ite attempts to anticipate t plan by initiat+ an advance on ! c5tre1 :i*1 :5 c>efully analys$1 is truly an attack aga9/ ,black's ,k ,p4 #ae4 ,p - ,q #e ,kt - ,b #d 6 ,aga9/ ,ko/ic 9 a previ\s game ,i _h play$ ,kt - ,b #a4 ,x 0 c>elessness on my "p1 b ,m>%all believ$ diff]5tly1 o!rwise he w\ld n h play$ ?is v>iation1 s9ce1 _h he analys$ ?is move1 he w\ld1 ,i ?9k1 h realis$ t ,black w\ld obta9 an excell5t game4 ,black n[ ?reat5s n only ,b ,p x ,p2 b also ,kt x ,p2 foll[$ by ,b ,p x ,p4 ,! position is v int]e/+ & full ( possibilities4 ,illu/ration #bda #af4 ,p x ,k ,p ,kt x ,p 7,k #c7 #ag4 ,b x ,kt ,q x ,b play$ "u ! impression t ,:ite _h to lose "t 9 def5d+ 8 ,q ,r ,p1 :5 ,i c\ld play ,p - ,q ,b #d1 obta9+ a v sup]ior game4 ,b1 z w be se51 my oppon5t _h q a little surprise = me4 #ah4 ,kt - ,q #d 6 ,illu/ration #ah4 44444444 ,q - ,k #d 6 ,( c\rse1 if #ah444,q x ,r ,p2 #ai ,r - ,r #a w\ld w9 ! ,que54 ,! text move is probably ! only satisfactory move 9 ! position4 ,! obvi\s move w\ld h be5 ,q - ,q #b to def5d ! ,q ,b ,p1 & !n w\ld h come #ai ,kt - ,b #e1 ,p - ,b #c2 #bj ,q - ,k ,kt #c 7?reat5+ ,q ,r - ,q #a71 ,k - ,r #a2 #ba ,q ,r - ,q #a1 ,q - ,k ,b #b2 #bb ,p - ,k ,r #d1 ) a trem5d\s advantage 9 position4 ,! text move1 on ! o!r h&1 assures ,black an ev5 game at ! v lea/1 z w soon be se54 #bdb #ai4 ,kt x ,p ,q x ,q #bj4 ,r x ,q ,r - ,q #g #ba4 ,r - ,kt #a ,a v s]i\s error ( judgm5t4 ,:ite is "u ! impression t he has ! bett] game1 because he is a ,pawn ahead1 b t is n s4 ,! p[]ful position ( ! ,black ,rook at ,q #g fully comp5sates ,black = ! ,pawn m9us4 ,besides1 ! ,bi%op is bett] ) ,rooks ?an ! ,knight 7see pages #dh-ef1 :]e ! relative values ( ! ,knight & ,bi%op are comp>$71 &1 z already /at$1 ) ,pawns on bo? sides ( ! bo>d ! ,bi%op is sup]ior because ( its long range4 ,incid5tally1 ?is end+ w demon/rate ! great p[] ( ! ,bi%op4 ,:ite's be/ *ance 0 to take a draw at once1 ?us4 #ba ,kt - ,k #g * ,k - ,b #a2 #bb ,r - ,b #g ,r - ,k #a 7n ,b x ,p2 because ,p - ,b #c w\ld give ,:ite ! be/ ( x72 #bc ,r x ,b 7be/2 n ,kt - ,kt #f *1 because ( ,b ,p x ,kt2 foll[$ by ,r x ,k ,p71 ,r x ,kt2 #bd ,r - ,kt #h *1 ,r - ,k #a2 #be ,r x ,r *1 ,k x ,r1 & ) prop] play ,:ite w draw4 ,x is curi\s t1 al?\gh a ,pawn ahead1 ,:ite is ! "o :o is always 9 dang]4 ,x is only n[1 aft] see+ ?is analysis1 t ! value ( ,black's #ah? move ,q - ,k #d c be fully appreciat$4 #ba4 44444444 ,r - ,k #a ,) ?is p[]ful move ,black beg9s1 aga9/ ,:ite's c5tre1 an assault :i* w soon be %ift$ aga9/ #bdc ! ,k+ itself4 ,:ite is afraid to play #bb ,p - ,b #c because ( ,p - ,b #d4 #bb4 ,p - ,k #e ,p - ,k ,kt #d ,to prev5t ,p - ,b #d4 ,! ,:ite ,knight is practically p9n$1 because he does n d>e move on acc\nt ( ,r x ,k ,p4 ,illu/ration #bc4 ,p - ,k ,r #d ,?is is a sequel to ! previ\s move4 ,:ite expects to disrupt ,black's ,pawns1 & ?us make !m weak4 #bc4 44444444 ,p x ,p ,?\gh d\bl$ & isolat$ ?is ,pawn ex]cises enorm\s pressure4 ,black n[ ?reat5s ,r - ,k #c2 to be foll[$ by ,r - ,kt #c & ,p - ,r #f & ,r #g at ! prop] "t4 #bd4 ,r - ,k #a ,:ite _c /& ! sl[ dea? any long]4 #bdd ,he sees dang] ev]y:]e1 & wants to av]t x by giv+ up 8 ,que5's side ,pawns1 expect+ to rega9 8 =tunes lat] on by tak+ ! initiative on ! ,k+'s side4 #bd4 44444444 ,r - ,k #c 6 ,mu* bett] ?an tak+ ,pawns4 ,?is =ces ,:ite to def5d ! ,knight ) ! ,rook at ,k #a1 because ( ! ?reat ,r - ,kt #c4 #be4 ,r 7,k#a7 - ,q ,b #a ,k - ,kt #b ,prep>atory to ,r - ,kt #c4 ,! game is go+ to be decid$ on ! ,k+'s side1 & x is ! isolat$ d\ble ,pawn t w supply ! f9i%+ t\*4 #bf4 ,p - ,q ,kt #d ,p - ,kt #d ,to prev5t ,p - ,kt #e1 def5d+ ! ,knight & lib]at+ ! ,rooks4 #bg4 ,p - ,r #c ,r - ,kt #c #bh4 ,k - ,b #a ,r - ,r #g ,illu/ration #bde ,notice ! rem>kable position ( ! pieces4 ,:ite _c move any?+ )\t incurr+ "s loss4 ,8 be/ *ance w\ld h be5 to play #bi ,p - ,k #f1 b t w\ld only h prolong$ ! game1 :i* is lo/ 9 any case4 #bi4 ,k - ,kt #a ,p - ,r #f #cj4 ,p - ,kt #c ,p - ,q ,r #c ,aga9 =c+ ,:ite to move & to lose some?+ !reby1 z all 8 pieces are ti$ up4 ,illu/ration #ca4 ,p - ,k #f ,r x ,k ,p ,n ev5 n[ c ,:ite move ! ,knight because ( ,p - ,r #g *2 ,k x ,p1 ,r - ,r #c *2 ,k - ,kt #a1 ,r - ,r #h mate4 #cb4 ,p - ,kt #d ,r - ,r #c #cc4 ,p - ,b #c ,if #cc ,p - ,kt #e1 ,p - ,r #g *2 #cd ,k - ,r #a1 ,r x ,kt2 #ce ,r x ,r1 ,r x ,p1 w9n+ easily4 #bdf #cc4 44444444 ,r - ,q #c #cd4 ,kt - ,k #g ,r 7,q#c7 - ,q #g #ce4 ,kt - ,b #e * ,k - ,b #c #cf4 ,kt - ,r #d ,k - ,kt #d #cg4 ,kt - ,b #e ,r - ,kt #g * #ch4 ,k - ,b #a ,p - ,r #g #ci4 ,p - ,b #d * ,k x ,b ,p #dj4 ,resigns4 ,an end+ wor? v c>eful /udy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,notes #a ,! value ( ! initiative is expla9$ 9 section #bj1 p4 #gg4 #b ,see page #cg4 #c ,see page #ac4 #d ,full score & notes are giv5 9 ,my ,*ess ,c>e]1 by ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca 7,game ,no4 #aa74 #e ,?is position is elaborat$ "u ,example #ej 7p4 #hj474 #f ,we give1 f n[ on1 games & notes1 s t ! /ud5t may famili>ise himself ) ! _m & v>i$ consid]ations t con/antly are borne 9 m9d by ! ,*ess ,ma/]4 ,we mu/ take x = grant$ t ! /ud5t has already rea*$ a /age :]e1 :ile n be+ able fully to und]/& e move1 yet he c d]ive b5efit f any discussion ) reg>d to !m4 #g ,a hole 9 *ess p>lance has come to mean a defect 9 ,pawn =mation :i* all[s ! oppon5t to e/abli% 8 =ces 9 w$ge =mation or o!rwise )\t ! possibility ( dislodg+ him by ,pawn moves4 ,?us1 9 ! foll[+ diagram1 ,black has two holes at ,k ,b #c & ,k ,r #c1 :]e ,:ite =ces1 e4g4 a ,kt or ,b1 c\ld e/abli% !mselves1 support$ by pieces or ,pawns4 #h ,see game ,capablanca-,kup*ick1 f ,havana ,int]national ,ma/]s ,t\rnam5t ,book1 #aiac1 by ,j4 ,r4 ,capablanca2 or a game 9 ! ,c>lsbad ,t\rnam5t ( #aiaa1 ,vidm> play+ ,black aga9/ ,ale*94 #i ,see ,niemz[it*'s game 9 ! ,all ,russian ,ma/]s ,t\rnam5t1 #aiad1 at ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 aga9/ ,levitzki1 ,i believe4 #aj ,see ,capablanca-,jan[ski game1 ,new ,york ,ma/]s ,t\rnam5t1 #aiac4