,,fur ,,f>m+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"s ,,"y ,,black ,,& ,,silv] ,,fox4 ,,fur ,,f>m+ ,a ,,book ,,( ,,in=mation ,,ab\t ,,fur ,,be>+ ,,animals1 ,,enclosures1 ,,habits1 ,,c>e1 ,,etc4 ,,by ,a4 ,r4 ,,h>d+ ,publi%$ ,by ,a4 ,r4 ,,h>d+ ,,publi%+ ,,co4 ,columbus1 ,ohio4 ,copyright1 #aiji ,by ,a4 ,r4 ,,h>d+ ,,pub4 ,,co4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt]4 ,,page ,i4 ,,supply ,,& ,,dem& #ae ,,ii4 ,,:at ,,animals ,,to ,,raise #bg ,,iii4 ,,enclosures #ch ,,iv4 ,,box ,,trap ,,trapp+ #ec ,v4 ,,fox ,,rais+ #fc ,,vi4 ,,skunk ,,rais+ #hc ,,vii4 ,,m9k ,,rais+ #ig ,,viii4 ,,opossum ,,rais+ #ajg ,,ix4 ,,muskrat ,,rais+ #aae ,x4 ,,raccoon ,,rais+ #abi ,,xi4 ,,! ,,beav] ,,& ,,ott] #acg ,,xii4 ,,kill+1 ,,sk9n+ ,,& ,,/ret*+ #adf ,,xiii4 ,,de] ,,f>m+ #aeb ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,,page ,"s ,"y ,black & ,silv] ,fox ,frontispiece ,enclosure 9 ,?ick ,woods #cb ,corn] ( ,enclosure #ci ,f5ce ) ,wire ,turn$ 9 at ,top #da ,f5ce ,%[+ ,%eet ,t9 #dc ,plan = ,comb9$ ,enclosures #df ,box ,trap = ,cat*+ ,animals ,alive #ee ,box ,trap ) ,sw+ ,gate #eh ,b>rel ,trap = ,cat*+ ,animals ,alive #fj ,ano!r ,box ,trap #fb ,nor?we/]n ,fox ,sk9s #ff ,map ,%[+ ,:]e ,fox ,f>m+ is ,feasible #gb ,plan = ,arrangem5t ( ,fox ,y>ds #gd ,box ,%elt] = ,female & ,"y #ge ,corn] ( ,fox ,y>d #gg ,fox ,y>d1 ,%[+ ,out] ,f5ce #gh ,y>ds ( a ,ma9e ,fox ,f>m #ha ,corn] ( an ,ohio ,skunk ,f>m #ij ,m9k ,enclosure 9 ,detail #ajc ,ideal ,location = an ,opossum ,f>m #aab ,fur ,f>m ,ne> a ,f>mh\se #aag ,muskrat ,h\se 9 a ,m>% #abb ,b>rel ,%elt] = ,female & ,"y #acd ,fur ,f>m on ,op5 ,gr\nd #ace ,elk 9 ,enclosure #afc ,tame ,de] ,eat+ ,wat]melon #agh ,illu/ration3 ,g4 ,r4 ,h>d+4 ,,introduction4 ,ev] s9ce ,columbus discov]$ ,am]ica1 furs h be5 an important article ( comm]ce1 b at ! rate ( ! cat* dur+ rec5t ye>s1 ! supply drawn f ! natural s\rces--=e/1 field & /ream--w soon prove inadequate if n entirely deplet$ 9 "s species4 ,less ?an #cj ye>s ago1 !re 7 c\ntless ?\s&s ( ,buffalo ^u ! ,we/]n ,pla9s4 ,:]e are !y today8 ,9 ! #gj's & e>ly #hj's !y 7 sla9 by t5s ( ?\s&s by hide & robe hunt]s4 ,does or does n su* a condition face "s ( ! ,am]ican fur be>+ animals at ! pres5t "t8 ,_m hunt]s & trapp]s mu/ ?9k t ! supply w n long be equal to ! dem&1 judg+ f ! hundr$s ( lett]s writt5 ! ,editor ( ,,hunt]-,,trad]-,,trapp]1 ask+ in=mation ab\t rais+ fur be>+ animals4 ,?is "w has be5 ha/ily gott5 out to meet ?is dem&1 yet ! s\rces ( in=mation f :i* ! "w has be5 ga!r$1 are au!ntic4 ,mu* ( ! habits1 nature1 etc41 ( ! v>i\s animals has be5 furni%$ by ,mr4 ,e4 ,kreps1 a trapp] ( wide exp]i5ce4 ,facts h also be5 furni%$ by ^? t h to a c]ta9 ext5t foll[$ ,fur ,f>m+ & z well "s in=mation has be5 add$ f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t ,bullet9s4 ,a4 ,r4 ,,h>d+4 ,columbus1 ,ohio1 ,april #a1 #aiji4 ,,fur ,,f>m+4 ,,*apt] #a4 ,,supply ,,& ,,dem&4 ,= ye>s !re has be5 a belief t ! supply ( fur-be>+ animals w\ld soon be inadequate to ! dem&4 ,?is belief is well f\nd$ & is app>5t :5 ! fact is kn[n t ! natural haunts & homes ( ! fur-produc+ animals are becom+ less ea* ye>4 ,! dra9+ ( swamps & m>%es is de/roy+ ! homes & bre$+ places ( muskrat & to a c]ta9 ext5t coon & m9k4 ,! saw mill & cle>+ ( ! l& is rapidly less5+ ! natural resorts ( coon1 be>1 wild cat & opossum 9 ! ,s\? & ,c5tral ,/ates1 :ile 9 ! ,nor?1 m>t51 fi%] & lynx are be+ depriv$ ( _! natural homes4 ,beav] & ott] d n l civilization & leave on signs ( man & 8 works4 ,?is is especially true ( beav]2 ott] l+] 9 wat]s fr+$ ) timb] long] ev5 if settl$4 ,"s animals1 x is true1 d well 9 fairly ?ickly-settl$ sections4 ,among animals ( ?is k9d are r$ fox1 skunk1 m9k & muskrat4 ,yet no fur be>] c hold its numb]s aga9/ ! ev]-increas+ numb] ( trapp]s & ! p]si/5cy ) :i* !y n[ seek ! fur produc]s4 ,nor? ,am]ica furni%es a l>ge p] c5t4 ( ! furs ( ! _w--foxes1 m9k1 ott]1 beav]1 skunk1 m>t51 lynx1 coon1 opossum1 muskrat1 wolves1 etc4 ,consid]able quantities ( f9e furs are /ill secur$ 9 p>ts ( ,russia1 9 ,europe & ,sib]ia 9 ,asia2 ,au/ralia furni%es great quantities ( opossum1 :ile f p>ts ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 ! trade 9 *9*illa is l>ge4 ,yet ,nor? ,am]ica has be5 = c5turies1 ! great fur-produc+ cont95t & n[ t trapp+ is be+ press$ h>d] ?an ev] & ! natural haunts ( ! animals are becom+ less ea* ye>1 ! "q is1--:]e w ! future supply come f8 ,9 ?is connection ! foll[+ article on ,! ,fur ,m>kets is reproduc$ f ! ,april issue ( ,! ,hunt]-,trad]-,trapp]3 ,! ,spr+ or ,m>* ,london ,sales began ,m>* #bb & end$ ,april #b4 ,dur+ t "t ,am]ican ,raw ,furs 7 (f]$ by ,hudson's ,bay ,company2 ,c4 ,m4 ,lampson ,co41 & ,a4 ,w4 ,nesbitt4 ,9 face ( ! fact t prices on "s articles h advanc$ s mat]ially t ,am]ican manufactur]s h b\ght sp>+ly1 ! outcome ( ! sales 0 await$ ) mu* int]e/ by ! trade4 ,a ye> ago 9 giv+ ! quantity ( goods (f]$ by ! ,hudson's ,bay ,company1 ?is magaz9e said3 ,! quantity seems to be decreas+ z ! (f]+ ?is ye> is less ?an #aijg1 & #aijg less ?an #aijf4 ,! (f]+s ?is ye> are /ill less ?an #aijh1 & = ready comp>ison ! ,hudson's ,bay ,company (f]+s at ! ,m>* ,sales = ?ree ye>s are giv53 #aiji #aijh #aijg ,ott] #e1cda #d1ifh #f1icc ,fi%] #b1fga #c1bbd #c1bbh ,cross ,fox #a1dde #b1fgh #d1dij ,r$ ,fox #b1ihg #f1eih #aj1bjj ,silv] ,fox #cdd #ebf #hif ,blue ,fox #ad #fc #hh ,:ite ,fox #b1jeh #f1gjc #aa1dji ,m>t5 #ba1egg #bi1hjh #dc1gih ,m9k #aj1iff #ac1jia #cb1hag ,erm9e #ae1cad #ad1bhj #bj1gcg ,lynx #h1hef #ca1hib #ef1faa ,wolf #c1gef #d1bjg #b1gga ,wolv]9e #gah #hfe #gcd ,skunk #a1dgh #e1jbc #aa1dcj ,be>1 ,black #c1idc #c1gdj #d1jdb ,be>1 ,br[n #chg #cec #dcb ,be>1 ,grey #ajh #abc #id ,be>1 ,:ite #hi #ei #acg ,badg] #abe #afi #cbb ,raccoon #adj #bdc #fjj ,! comb9$ (f]+s ( ,c4 ,m4 ,lampson ,co41 & ,a4 ,w4 ,nesbitt 7 z foll[s at ! ,spr+ ,sales 9 #aijg1 #aijh & #aiji3 #aiji #aijh #aijg ,m9k #hb1ege #acd1bjj #ge1fjj ,skunk #ede1bhd #daf1jjj #fae1ijj ,muskrat #a1bch1beg #a1jae1jjj #a1jah1jjj ,raccoon #bjc1aee #caf1jjj #fi1gbf ,opossum #bbe1fga #bfg1jjj #bbe1cej ,m>t5 #h1afh #ae1jjj #ah1fjj ,lynx #a1ejj #g1eej #aa1gbg ,fox1 ,r$ #be1fjj #cf1ffj #ca1hgj ,fox1 ,cross #a1ehe #e1jba #e1jhj ,fox1 ,silv] #eci #gbh #a1jae ,fox1 ,grey #ac1fjj #bc1bgj #h1ifa ,fox1 ,kitt #a1fgj #chh #fee ,fox1 ,:ite #c1caj #ad1jjj #d1ghe ,fox1 ,blue #c1fcj #b1fjj #c1fjj ,ott] #e1baa #i1jjj #b1iaf ,fi%] #b1iad #c1ddj #a1gje ,beav] #ad1bhb #f1hjj #aa1ijj ,be> #g1bdj #f1ihj #e1ggj ,badg] #d1jgj #d1dge #e1ije ,cat1 ,wild #f1ibe #e1hjj #g1jgb ,cat1 ,h\se #bj1cdd #ae1hjj #ag1jjj ,wolf #ba1cfe #bd1aej #ab1ajj ,wolv]9e #cej #dej #cbc ,erm9e #gg1fjj #gg1jjj #ajj1ehj ,civet #ai1bjj #cc1jjj #ec1hjj ,! noticeable fall+ (f 9 ! ,hudson's ,bay ,company (f]+s c be acc\nt$ = f ! fact t m free trad]s1 z ! ,great ,company calls !m1 are ye>ly encroa*+ ^u _! t]ritory4 ,! (f]+s ( ,lampson & ,nesbitt is %ort ( a ye> ago ) ! exceptions ( beav]1 muskrat & skunk4 ,! advanc$ price ( muskrat1 no d\bt1 caus$ m trapp+ ( ^! animals ?an ev] be=e4 ,aga9 ! fact ( ! dry fall 9 _m localities bun*$ ! rats1 s t !y 7 mu* easi] caught4 ,! rats (f]$ at ! rec5t sales are l>gely fall & w9t]4 ,f reports1 ! collection ( spr+ rats w be v light--9 _m localities n m ?an "o-f\r? ( an av]age collection4 ,:ile ! (f]+s n[ %[ "s #bjj1jjj 9 excess ( ,m>*1 #aijh1 & also ,m>*1 #aijg1 indications are t be=e ! ye> #aiji ends !re w be a %ortage 9 ! total rat cat* = ! ye>4 ,consid]able anxiety is felt reg>d+ skunk1 z ! numb] (f]$ 0 #ede1bhj comp>$ ) #daf1jjj 9 ,m>*1 #aijh1 :i* is ne>ly #acj1jjj m4 ,?is is h>dly a fair te/4 ,! (f]+s at ,m>* ,sales #aijh 7 light f ! fact t skunk 7 n 9 dem& at ! beg9n+ ( ! fall season ( #aijg1 :5 a good p] c5t4 ( skunk are caught = ! foll[+ ,m>* ,sales4 ,g back ano!r ye>1 t is ,m>*1 #aijg1 & see :at ! (f]+s ( skunk 72 y p]haps w be surpris$ to le>n t x 0 #fae1ijj or #gj1jjj m ?an at ?is spr+'s sale4 ,! (f]+s ( beav] 7 l>g] ?an a ye> ago1 b ) ^! exceptions1 !re appe>s a decid$ fall+ (f--note ! quantity ( fox1 coon1 m>t51 lynx--all mu* less4 ,furs are fa%ionable ?r\gh\t ! entire civiliz$ _w1 & ! cat* seems inadequate on _m articles4 ,?is is probably responsible = ! high prices4 ,at any rate1 "s articles h advanc$ beyond all previ\s high record4 ,prices = wolf1 fox1 lynx1 wild cat & muskrat are v high1 z well z _m o!r ,am]ican raw furs4 ,skunk rea*$ a price t no "o expect$ ! pa/ season4 ,s9ce e>ly 9 ,m>* or %ortly aft]1 too late to get goods into ! ,london ,sales1 prices 7 l[]$ on skunk1 opossum1 raccoon & "s grades ( m9k1 especially ,s\!rn & ,s\?we/]n1 b at ! same "t x %\ld be tak5 into consid]ation t ! quality is n s desirable z dur+ ! midw9t] mon?s4 ,_m believe t by f> ! mo/ ( ! furs come f ! ,f> ,nor?4 ,?is is errone\s4 ,x is true t ! mo/ valuable furs1 su* z silv]1 black & cross foxes1 lynx & m>t51 come f t section4 ,"s ( ! be/ ott]1 r$ fox & m9k are also secur$ 9 ! f> nor!rn c\ntry4 ,yet fully "o-half ( ! value ( ! ,am]ican cat* ( raw furs is compris$ 9 ! ?ree foll[+ articles--skunk1 m9k & muskrat4 ,9 ! ,f> ,nor? !re w be foxes1 ott]1 m9k1 & m>t5 = "s "t to come4 ,b :at ab\t t "p ( ! c\ntry1 say s\? ( ! ,great ,lakes1 we/ ( ! ,allegh5y ,m\nta9s1 nor? ( ! ,t5nessee & ,arkansas ,riv]s & ea/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s8--a section :i* has be5 produc+ ab\t half ( ! furs4 ,?is section is ! great skunk produc+ "o & z well z "o ( ! be/ m9k & muskrat sections4 ,x also furni%es f ! ,s\!rn ,/ates )9 ! area outl9$1 great quantities ( coon & opossum4 ,:5 ^? int]e/$ 9 ! fur bus9ess consid] t half ! value ( ! annual cat* is skunk1 m9k1 & muskrat & t ! be/ produc+ section has hi!rto be5 ! section z outl9$1 "o c easily see t ! supply w n long be equal to ! dem&4 ,dur+ rec5t ye>s1 ow+ to p]si/5t trapp+1 ! fur produc]s h be5 greatly r$uc$ & if n practically ext]m9at$ 9 p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 are de/9$ to become ne>ly s4 ,! fact t skunk1 m9k & muskrat h be5 s greatly r$uc$ 9 ! pa/ few ye>s has caus$ ^? int]e/$ 9 ! fur indu/ry to ask1--:at ( ! future8 ) ! settlem5t ( ! c\ntry & ! dra9+ ( ! swamps1 cle>+ ( ! =e/s1 etc41 :i* deprives _m species ( fur produc]s ( _! natural homes1 h[ c x be expect$ t ! supply w la/8 ,t skunk1 m9k & muskrat d well 9 settl$ sections1 !re is no "q1 b s9ce _! pelts are s valuable1 m trapp]s are aft] !m ?an ev] be=e4 ,9 addition1 magaz9es & books on ! subject are m pl5tiful ?an 9 =m] ye>s1 s t ! inexp]i5c$ hunt] & trapp] has f> bett] success ?an 9 pa/ ye>s4 ,!re is always a ca% m>ket = raw furs & s9ce ! discov]y ( ,am]ica1 raw furs h be5 an important article ( comm]ce4 ,9 ! e>ly days1 beav] 0 ! lead+ article & ev5 at ?is date ?\s&s ( sk9s are secur$ annually by ! pr(essional trapp] 9 ! swamps ( ! s\? & along ! /reams & lakes ( ! nor?4 ,scatt]$ ?ru\t ! ,s\?1 ,rocky ,m\nta9 sections1 ,nor!rn ,canada & p>ts ( ! ,ea/1 are sev]al ?\s& pr(essional hunt]s & trapp]s ^: annual cat* am\nts to sev]al hundr$ doll>s ea*4 ,! aggregate ( ^! m51 foot+ up to p]haps #c1jjj1jjj or #d1jjj1jjj4 ,9 ! settl$ sections are t5s ( ?\s&s ( boys & amateur trapp]s ) "h & !re a pr(essional4 ,! annual cat* ( ^! foot up to p]haps #f1jjj1jjj to #h1jjj1jjj1 or d\ble ! cat* ( ! pr(essionals :o leave civilization 9 ,septemb] & are n se5 aga9 until ,may or ,june4 ,x is ?is class 7boys & amateurs7 t secures ! greate/ quantities ( fur & z ! numb] ( trapp]s is s l>ge & ! gr\nds necess>ily limit$1 "h is :]e ! animals are rapidly decreas+ & at ! pres5t rate are 9 dang] ( ext]m9ation4 ,9 "s sections !re has be5 a wond]ful fall+ (f 9 ! cat* ( late ye>s1 al?o ! numb] ( trapp]s is l>g]4 ,an indu/ry pay+ ! hunt] & trapp] probably #ae1jjj1jjj ye>ly is "o t %\ld receive att5tion4 ,at ! pres5t rate ( ext]m9ation1 "s ( ! fur be>]s are de/9$ to soon foll[ 9 ! wake ( ! buffalo4 ,! dem& = furs is increas+ z ! population ( ! _w is becom+ m & m4 ,aga9 furs are be+ put to m uses ?an ev]4 ,:ile ! dem& = furs are increas+1 :at ( ! supply8 ,! day1 p]haps1 is n f> 9 ! di/ance :5 ! dem& w call = two or ?ree times z _m furs z today4 ,:]e are !y to come f8 ,! natural supply is surely dim9i%+4 ,! matt] ( ',supply & ,dem&' is "o t !re is consid]able diff]5ce ( op9ion ^u4 ,hunt]s & trapp]s1 z a rule1 are ( "o op9ion & t is t ! numb] ( pelts secur$ ^u a c]ta9 t]ritory is becom+ less ea* ye>4 ,trapp]s go+ ov] _! l9es are surely ! ones :o "k :e!r ! fur is hold+ out or n4 ,! numb] ( p]sons seek+ fur is l>g] ea* ye>4 ,9 localities furni%+ z mu* fur z ev]1 ! *ances are t ! numb] ( animals left = bre$+ is less ea* ye>4 ,if su* is true ! day :5 ^! localities w %[ a fall+ (f 9 ! receipts is n f> 9 ! di/ance4 ,until rec5tly1 _m deal]s & manufactur]s believ$ t ! supply ( wild fur-be>+ animals 0 practically inexhau/ible--t :5 want$1 trapp]s w\ld g out into ! wilds1 cat*1 sk9 & s5d ! pelts to m>ket4 ,^! p are beg9n+ to awak5 to ! true situation & :ile !y s5d out price li/s1 circul>s1 & travel+ buy]s aft] raw furs1 !y say x is mu* h>d] to secure ! goods want$ ?an =m]ly4 ,a well kn[n deal] 9 ,m9neapolis 9 siz+ up ! situation1 says3 ,) ! va/ fund ( in=mation ab\t trapp+ be+ s5t out & ) improv$ traps = cat*+ & ! great /imulus to trapp+ ow+ to high prices1 9 five to t5 ye>s1 !re w n be "o-f\r? to "o-half ! fur be>]s t !re are n[1 unless /r+5t laws are enact$ to curtail ! trapp+4 ,"u prop] conditions1 ) intellig5t c>e1 no d\bt1 rais+ fur animals c be made to pay4 ,! rais] />t+ on a small scale & increas+ z _! k increases4 ,mo/ all successful bus9ess is built up by />t+ small4 ,! deal] :o wrote ! above adv]tises q ext5sively = furs4 ,! t]ritory tribut>y to t city has always be5 consid]$ a good fur produc+ "o4 ,dur+ rec5t ye>s1 ! supply has fall5 (f mat]ially 9 face ( ! fact ( improv$ trapp+ me?ods & a greatly increas$ numb] ( p]sons seek+ ! fur be>]s4 ,! same conditions are true to a great] or less degree 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,! ,am]ican p1 h[ev]1 c be dep5d$ ^u to meet all em]g5cies4 ,!y h already set ab\t to provide = ! future raw fur supply by rais+ ! animals4 ,z e>ly z #ahhd1 exp]im5ts 7 made at rais+ foxes on ! isl&s 9 ! ,nor!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 along ! coa/ ( ,briti% ,columbia & ,alaska4 ,! exp]im5ts1 z a rule1 prov$ successful & !re has be5 = ye>s a numb] ( successful fox rais]s on ! isl&s ( ! ,nor? ,pacific4 ,m w be said ab\t !m else:]e4 ,9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 exp]im5ts h be5 made1 pr9cipally ) skunk1 al?o a few h tri$ m9k & o!r animals b only 9 a small way1 or by m5 :o expect$ to get ri* quick & :o did n give ! ent]prise ! c>e & att5tion t is necess>y to make a success at any bus9ess4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,:at ,,animals ,,to ,,raise4 ,!re is a bright future to ,fur ,f>m+4 ,! p]son :o kn[s some?+ ( ! habits ( ! animal or animals t !y expect to raise1 w be ! successful ones4 ,a p]son :o has always liv$ 9 ! city w\ld n be apt to make a success at g5]al f>m+ or fruit rais+4 ,! same applies to fur f>m+4 ,! p]son :o has foll[$ hunt+ & trapp+ or ! f>m] :o has giv5 att5tion to fur be>+ animals are ! ones mo/ apt to be successful4 ,foxes1 no d\bt1 w be ! animals t ! majority w\ld l to beg9 )1 especially ! m valuable species1 z black1 silv] & cross4 ,^! = bre$+ purposes ( c\rse c be secur$1 b ! pres5t rais]s d n seem to c>e to sell any ( _! /ock unless at good r\nd figures4 ,!y want to fur!r increase _! own numb]s4 ,a good _m attempts 7 made at rais+ skunk a few ye>s ago1 mo/ ( :i* 7 failures4 ,"s ent]$ ! bus9ess on a l>ge scale1 kn[+ no?+ ( ! animal1 & ( c\rse fail$2 o!rs p5n$ up a few skunk & z !y 7 n prop]ly c>$ = result$ 9 failures4 ,! rec5t advanc$ price = skunk sk9s has caus$ a revival 9 _! rais+4 ,?is "t1 an entirely diff]5t class ( p are tak+ up _! rais+1 & !y are go+ to succe$1 :y8 ,because !y "k some?+ ( ! animal & are go+ at ! bus9ess 9 a calm & bus9ess-l way4 ,m9k1 at pres5t prices1 look good to ! fur-f>m]4 ,!y are small animals b yield a pelt wor? f #c to #g1 dep5d+ ^u ! size & color4 ,raccoon & opossum are comp>$ ) _m fur-be>+ animals z produc]s ( *eap furs4 ,?is is true1 b at ! same "t1 !y (f] ! mo/ promis+ future = ! fur-f>m] 9 _m localities4 ,!y are easily rais$1 & 9 addition to _! fur1 ! c>cass f9ds a ready sale 9 mo/ cities4 ,opossum & coon w n dig deep seek+ escape1 b are good climb]s & consid]able precaution %\ld be tak5 to see t ! wire nett+ is ei!r ext5d$ 9 sev]al feet at ! top1 or t a /rip ( t9 a c\ple ( feet wide is fa/5$ to ! po/s "s ?ree feet f ! gr\nd4 ,! fur-f>m]1 %\ld ! m>ket be l[ = c]ta9 animals1 c keep ov]2 or ! bett] plan w\ld no d\bt be to kill (f ! surplus males & p]haps "s females4 ,at su* times d n make ! mi/ake ( kill+ (f too closely1 z "s w d1 claim+ t ! fur is l[ & t !re is no ne$ ( try+ to increase4 ,n9e times 9 t51 ?is is ! "t to raise z _m z possible1 = by ano!r season1 t p>ticul> article is apt to be 9 dem&4 ,to illu/rate3 skunk 7 l[ 9 #aijg1 yet _h ! rais]s gone ahead1 !y w\ld h _h a supply to kill dur+ ! ,w9t] ( #aijh-i1 at prices t 7 inde$ satisfactory4 ,_h ! opossum rais]1 dur+ ! l[ prices = ?is fur 9 #aijg & #aijh1 sold (f 8 bre$+ /ock at l[ prices1 z he w\ld h be5 compell$ to d1 he w\ld n _h a supply :5 ! prices advanc$ 9 ,janu>y1 #aiji4 ,"s f>m]s make ! mi/ake ( sell+ (f all _! /ock :5 prices ease up1 expect+ to g into ! rais+ aga9 :5 a reaction takes place4 ,?is is n ! way to make ! mo/ money2 :5 a reaction comes1 o!r f>m]s :o h cont9u$ rais+ ?is c]ta9 animal1 reap ! h>ve/1 sell+ to ! m>ket or to _! neighbors at high prices4 ,! prices paid = ! v>i\s articles %[s ab\t :at ! gr[] may expect = 8 crop4 ,! dem&1 ( c\rse1 w h mu* to d ) ! price4 ,fa%ion is con/antly *ang+ b indications are t ow+ to dim9i%+ supply & increas$ consumption1 prices w be on a fairly high level always4 ,trapp]s & hunt]s (t5 cat* fur too e>ly & z a consequ5ce h blue pelts :i* are grad$ d[n4 ,9 ! spr+ %$d]s & rubb$ sk9s are secur$ :i* are sold z ,no4 #b or l[]4 ,) ! fur f>m]1 !re w be no e>ly caught blue sk9s or late caught spr+ & %$d]s4 ,! animals w be kill$ :5 prime1 & w br+ be/ prices4 ,"s reports f ^? t h exp]im5t$ 9 a small way at rais+ fur animals is to ! effect t !y d n fur prop]ly4 ,?is is true 9 reg>d skunk1 :5 kept 9 a box or a small enclosure = weeks & f$ l>gely on meat4 ,! writ] :5 a fur buy] has b\ght skunk t _h be5 kept 9 a p5 or small enclosure = weeks & 9 addition to be+ ?9ly furr$1 ! hide 0 mu* ?ick] ?an x %\ld h be54 ,indians & pr(essional hunt]s & trapp]s ( ! nor? say t !y c notice a diff]5ce 9 ! fur ( foxes1 lynx1 m>t51 etc41 :5 ! food supply is abundant4 ,! fur is ?ick] & has a heal?i]1 silki] & glossi] appe>ance4 ,! secret1 no d\bt1 is to give ! animals pl5ty ( room & fe$ %\ld be v>i$4 ,"h is :]e ! p]son :o kn[s ! habits ( ! animal or animals he is rais+ is valuable4 ,:5 cattle1 %eep & hogs are f$ prop]ly !y take on fat readily & produce a heal?y coat ( hair or wool4 ,! same applies to ! fur be>+ animals4 ,:at animals (f] ! be/ inducem5t to raise8 ,?is is a "q t ea* individual go+ into ! bus9ess mu/ l>gely decide4 ,! place y h 9 view = ! />t+ ( ! f>m w h mu* to d ) ?is4 ,is ! location "o be/ adapt$ to skunk1 m9k1 coon1 fox1 muskrat or "s o!r fur be>]8 ,aga91 y\r exp]i5ce %\ld be tak5 into consid]ation1--:at fur be>]s y are mo/ famili> )4 ,if y live ne> a l>ge city :i* (f]s a m>ket = coon & opossum c>casses1 ?is %\ld be consid]$ z ^! animals are easy to raise & opossum especially are v prolific1 produc+ f six to twelve at a litt]4 ,:ile ! fur ( coon & opossum w nev] be v valuable1 yet1 z bo? fur & c>cass h a ca% value1 !y w prove great] money mak]s ?an _m believe4 ,muskrat are ano!r animal t %\ld n be ov]look$ z !y increase rapidly & _! fle% is n[ be+ sold 9 _m ( ! l>g] cities4 ,m>t5 & silv] fox %\ld n be rais$ 9 ! s\?1 z ^! are animals t d be/ 9 ! cold sections4 ,ott] & m9k are two animals t ! sun fades ! fur & z ! d>k] ! fur1 ! m valuable1 x is important t z little sun z possible %9es ^u !m4 ,= ?is reason x is advisable to h ! enclosure = ^! animals 9 ! woods or ?icket4 ,9 fact "s trees %\ld be 9 enclosures = all animals4 ,if rais+ coon or opossum1 !y w be at home 9 ! trees :ile o!r animals w enjoy ! %ade 9 ! summ] & w make use ( ! leaves 9 ! d5s = w9t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,enclosure 9 ?ick woods4 ,!re are "s animals su* z m>t51 fi%]1 wild cat1 weasel1 badg] & wolves t d n seem promis+ to u to raise = v>i\s reasons4 ,m>t5 d be/ 9 ! high m\nta9 sections2 fi%] & wild cat w\ld be h>d to keep 9 an inclosure2 weasel & badg] are n valuable & w\ld bo? be difficult to keep 92 wolves are n valuable = fur & w\ld require consid]able att5tion & food1 h5ce1 n desirable to raise4 ,9 mo/ /ates !re is a b\nty on wolf & coyote scalps b ! rais+ ( !m = ! purpose ( ! b\nty w\ld n "w--! b\nty w\ld n be paid if c\nty (ficials knew f :at s\rce !y came4 ,among ! animals promis+ ! be/ = rais+ are ! black1 silv]1 cross & r$ fox1 skunk1 m9k1 coon1 opossum & muskrat4 ,! ott]1 beav]1 be> & lynx "u c]ta9 conditions may be well wor? consid]+1 especially lynx at pres5t value4 ,d y ?9k pres5t prices = furs w cont9ue8 ,g5]ally speak+1 yes4 ,9 fact1 "s articles are liable to g high]4 ,on ! o!r h& "s furs may g l[] b are sure to soon] or lat] react4 ,! *ances are t raw furs w n soon sell at ! l[ figures ( pa/ ye>s4 ,suppose ?\s&s engag$ 9 ! bus9ess ( rais+ fox1 skunk1 m9k1 coon1 opossum & muskrat1 :at effect w\ld x h ^u ! m>ket8 ,w\ld !y ov]/ock x8 ,h[ _m hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( p]sons are today rais+ cotton & wool to furni% clo?+ to ! millions ( p & !re has always be5 a m>ket4 ,! same w be ! case ) fur4 ,9 fact1 unless ?\s&s engage 9 ! fur rais+ bus9ess1 ! dem& is go+ to f> exce$ ! supply at no di/ant day4 ,furs 9 ! nor? are a necessity z no clo? w repel ! pi]c+ w9ds4 ,team/]s & o!rs mu* out ( doors we> fur ov]coats1 caps & use fur laprobes4 ,f>!r s\?1 say 9 ! latitude ( ,new ,york1 ,pittsburg1 ,d5v]1 etc41 :ile furs are n an absolute necessity1 yet !y are mu* worn = com=t4 ,9 all ! cities ( ! nor?1 furs are worn eight or n9e mon?s 9 ! ye>2 9 ! c5tral sections p]haps six mon?s2 :ile 9 ! s\? only a few mon?s4 ,9 addition to ?is1 ,am]ican furs are worn 9 all civiliz$ c\ntries ( ! _w4 ,! f>m] or /ock rais]1 z a rule1 :o is mak+ ! mo/ money1 is ! "o :o raises n horses1 cattle1 %eep or sw9e alone1 b (t5 two or m ( !m4 ,! same c be appli$ to fur f>m+4 ,suppose an enclosure ( a few acres is made = skunk1 :y n take 9 a pond & raise muskrat1 coon1 fi% & frogs4 ,!re is a ready m>ket 9 all cities = fre% fi% & frogs4 ,! f>m] t raises %eep n only sells ! wool b fatt5s & sells "s ( ! lambs1 we!rs or old ewes f "t to "t4 ,! f>m] is 9 ! bus9ess to make ! mo/ out ( x & su* w be ! case ) ! fur f>m]4 ,9 ! cities !re is a dem& = ! c>casses ( coon & opossum at prices rang+ f #be to #ge c5ts = coon & #aj to #ej c5ts = opossum1 dep5d+ ^u ! size ( ! c>cass1 z well z ! city 9 :i* y are m>ket+4 ,9 ,new ,york1 ,bo/on1 ,philadelphia1 ,baltimore1 !re is a ready sale = all coon & opossum c>casses at good prices4 ,o!r cities t use l>ge quantities are ,buffalo1 ,clevel&1 ,pittsburg1 ,detroit1 ,*icago1 & ,milwaukee4 ,!re is no city ( any size nor? ( ! ,ohio ,riv] b (f]s a m>ket4 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,l\isville & o!r s\!rn cities be+ ne> ! coon & opossum produc+ sections does n (f] s good a m>ket4 ,muskrat are n[ s]v$ z m>% rabbit 9 ,baltimore & o!r cities4 ,! trapp] realiz+ f #e to #aj c5ts ea*4 ,) ! exception ( muskrat1 fur be>+ animals bre$ only once a ye>1 unless ! fir/ litt] are kill$ or die1 :5 ano!r is sometimes born & x might be said1 su* is frequ5tly ! case4 ,! numb] t ! v>i\s animals produce at a litt] is giv5 9 ! *apt] deal+ ) t animal4 ,x is n all t are successful bee rais]s :o h gone into t bus9ess1 yet h[ few failures are !re among m5 :o began 9 a small way1 le>n+ m ( ! bus9ess & gradually increas+ ! numb] ( hives 9 _! api>y4 ,"o ?+ is important & t is1 get ! animals accu/om$ to _! keep] z soon z possible4 ,! old w be wild = "s "t b ! "y soon become tame4 ,skunk & coon are easily tam$ & ev5 beav]1 ott] & m9k h become s tame :5 secur$ "y1 t *ildr5 h safely h&l$ !m4 ,a man :o has be5 9 ! fur f>m+ indu/ry = ye>s1 9 response to ! inquiry1 ,w ! bus9ess pay1 says3 ,yes1 x w pay ! "r man big divid5ds on ! capital inve/$4 ,! "r man is "o :o has natural aptitude = ?is sort ( "w1 & :o is cut out = fur f>m+4 ,if he has an inkl+ = ?is sort ( "w1 he w /udy ! nature & requirem5ts ( ! animals & att5d c>efully to _! e want4 ,fur f>m+ z an indu/ry is only 9 its infancy1 9 fact1 n begun4 ,! future looks bright to ^? :o engage 9 ! bus9ess 9 a bus9ess way4 ,to ^? :o expect to make a =tune at ! bus9ess 9 a ye> or two1 we pr$ict failure1 b to all :o are will+ to g at ! indu/ry1 build+ a sub/antial enclosure1 pay+ ! same c>eful att5tion to ! fe$ & c>e ( _! fur animals1 t !y w\ld to o!r /ock1 to get be/ results1 f> m ?an ord9>y pr(its %\ld result4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,enclosures4 ,?is is inde$1 "o ( ! important ?+s 9 connection ) fur-f>m+4 ,"s ( ! fir/ exp]im5t]s 9 rais+ skunk & o!r fur animals1 dug a tr5* f #b to #c feet deep1 putt+ 9 rocks or bo>ds edgewise to keep !m f digg+ out1 on top ( :i* !y con/ruct$ an upright f5ce ( bo>ds f #d to #g feet4 ,on top ( ?is f5ce 0 fa/5$ a wide bo>d to keep ! animals f climb+ out4 ,! enclosure %\ld be an acre 9 ext5t & #b to #e w\ld be bett]4 ,! ran* %\ld be locat$ :]e ! wat] w dra9 (f quickly1 s t ! d5s w be dry1 mak+ a good place to burr[4 ,! gr\nd %\ld n be level1 or at any rate1 %\ld h good dra9age4 ,skunk & p]haps o!r animals are liable to disease1 if kept 9 damp & cr[d$ qu>t]s1 su* z sore ?roat or simil> diseases1 :i* may cause dea?4 ,illu/ration3 ,corn] ( enclosure1 %[+ %eet t9 at top & /ones at bottom4 ,galvaniz$ wire1 ,no4 #ad or #af1 ) ab\t "o-in* me%1 seems to be ! prop] mat]ial = f5c+4 ,po/s %\ld be ( locu/1 c$>1 or "s o!r long la/+ wood4 ,!y %\ld be fully #aj feet long & put 9 ! gr\nd #c feet or m1 dep5d+ ^u h[ firm ! e>? is2 !y %\ld be set ab\t #h feet or n m ?an t5 ap>t1 z y\r f5ce %\ld be ab\t #g feet above gr\nd4 ,a tr5* two feet deep is dug1 into :i* y\r wire is put4 ,f ?is x w be se5 t y ne$ wov5 wire #i feet high to make y\r f5ce #g feet above gr\nd1 z two feet are "u4 ,aft] y\r wire is 9 place1 fill up ! tr5* ) dirt1 or if !re are flat /ones1 x w\ld be well to place a lay] ab\t a foot wide1 ext5d+ inw>d f ! f5ce or bottom ( wire4 ,%\ld any ( ! animals dig d[nw>d f ! bottom ( ! wire1 /rik+ ! /one !y w\ld become disc\rag$ & give up1 z ! /one w\ld cause !m to dig 9 ! wrong direction to escape4 ,on top ( ! wire f5ce1 a %eet ( t9 ro(+ ab\t #ah in*es wide1 %\ld ext5d ar\nd ! enclosure1 on ! inside1 to keep ! animals f climb+ out1 = skunk z well z coon c easily climb out ( y\r enclosure4 ,in/ead ( plac+ ! t9 ar\nd ! top "s turn ! f5ce 9 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,if ?is is done to make ! f5ce #g feet high1 a #aj-a_/b foot me%$ wire is requir$ z two feet are "u gr\nd & at lea/ #ah in*es %\ld be us$ = turn+ 9--#b feet w\ld be be/4 ,illu/ration3 ,%[+ ,f5ce ) ,wire ,turn$ 9 at ,top4 ,! turn+ 9 me?od has "s advantages ov] ! t92 "o be+ t dogs _c get 9 s easily1 & ano!r is t ! f5ce w /& up bett]2 ! wide /rip ( t9 or %eet-iron cat*+ w9d or sn[ :i* helps to sag ! wire or cause ! f5ce to lean4 ,! t9 or %eet-iron1 h[ev]1 seems to be ! be/ 9 prev5t+ any animal's escape4 ,! enclosure c be enl>g$ at any "t1 b d n make ! mi/ake ( beg9n+ ) too small an enclosure1 z "s h4 ,also h y\r f5ce ab\t #g feet high to keep dogs out1 z well z to keep ! fur-be>]s 94 ,j h[ mu* ! enclosure w co/ dep5ds ^u sev]al ?+s3 ,! co/ ( #i foot1 #a in* me% ,no4 #af galvaniz$ wire is ab\t #a4ej p] rod4 ,?is price1 ( c\rse1 w v>y "s1 dep5d+ ^u :]e y are locat$4 ,9 "s ( ! small] cities y p]haps _c get ! k9d y want & w be compell$ to s5d to "s ( ! l>g] cities or catalogue h\ses4 ,p]haps y c n get wid] ?an #e feet4 ,if su* is ! case buy 9 two wid?s--#e feet & #d feet4 ,?is w give y ! desir$ height4 ,po/s z already m5tion$ %\ld be ( locu/ or "s o!r long la/+ wood1 z c$>1 & %\ld be ?or\ghly season$ be=e putt+ 9 ! gr\nd4 ,! po/s %\ld be fully #f in*es 9 diamet]4 ,if f l>g] locu/ & split1 s mu* ! bett]1 z ! old] ! tree ! long] x w la/4 ,! cutt+ & sett+ ( ! po/s1 putt+ up ( ! f5ce1 c be done by ! fur-f>m] 9 ^? sections :]e locu/ & c$> gr[1 s t all ! ca% outlay necess>y 9 build+ ! enclosure1 w be = galvaniz$ wire1 "s /aples & %eet t9 = ! top4 ,in/ead ( plac+ ! t9 ar\nd ! top1 x may be fa/5$ on ! inside ( ! wire 7z %[n71 ab\t f\r feet f ! gr\nd4 ,! corn] po/s %\ld be two or ?ree times l>g] ?an ! o!rs2 !y %\ld be set m firmly 9 ! gr\nd1 five feet be+ ab\t "r4 ,?is w necessitate ^! po/s be+ two feet long] ?an ! re/4 ,!y %\ld be firmly brac$ 9 bo? ways4 ,illu/ration3 ,f5ce ) ,%eet ,t9 ,f\r ,feet f ,gr\nd4 ,! co/ ( f5c+ an acre1 v>ies1 ( c\rse4 ,an acre conta9s #afj squ>e rods or ab\t #ab-a_/b rods ea* side--equal to #ej rods ( f5ce4 ,if ! wire co/s #a4ej a rod1 & po/s #dj c5ts ea*1 ! co/ ( mat]ial requir$ to enclose an acre w be #ie4jj4 ,we are figur+ on two po/s to ! rod4 ,add to ?is /aples1 gates1 etc41 & ! co/ w p]haps be ab\t #ajj4jj4 ,( c\rse a mu* *eap] wire c\ld be us$1 poor] po/s1 etc41 s t ! co/ w\ld be greatly r$uc$--b x g5]ally pays to d a ?+ well4 ,to enclose a c]ta9 am\nt ( gr\nd ) ! smalle/ numb] ( rods ( f5c+ possible1 ! plat or gr\nd to be enclos$ %\ld be 9 a squ>e4 ,! additional co/ to enclose an acre1 say #bj rods long by #h wide1 w\ld be mat]ial = #f additional rods4 ,to fully illu/rate1 an acre f5c$ 9 a squ>e w\ld be #ab-a_/b rods on ea* side1 or #ej rods2 if #bj rods long1 ! two sides w\ld be #dj rods1 & ! ends #h ea* or #af rods1 mak+ a total ( #ef rods4 ,:ile ! co/ ( enclos+ an oblong piece ( gr\nd w\ld be a few doll>s m ?an if squ>e1 ?is %\ld n /& 9 ! way if ! oblong piece ( gr\nd w\ld make a bett] home = y\r fur-be>+ animals4 ,! p]sons :o expect to make fur-f>m+ a bus9ess1 c beg9 9 a small way & same ne$ n int]f]e ) o!r "w to a great ext5t4 ,ye> aft] ye>1 z !y le>n m ( ! bus9ess1 !y c enl>ge1 etc4 ,trapp]s1 hunt]s & o!rs :o f exp]i5ce "k mu* ( ! animals1 w no d\bt be ! mo/ successful f ! />t4 ,"o p>ty writes to "k if skunk1 fox1 opossum & m9k c be successfully rais$ 9 ! same enclosure4 ,if he means all[$ to run toge!r1 !y c n4 ,if he means ! same outside enclosure1 ) sep>ate ap>tm5ts = ! v>i\s animals1 !re is no reason :y su* a place %\ld n be successful z !re w be advantages 9 su* a plan4 ,fir/1 an enclosure ( f\r acres c be built mu* *eap] ?an f\r sep>ate enclosures ( "o acre ea*4 ,to enclose f\r "o-acre enclosures w\ld require #bjj rods ( f5c+--#ej rods = ea*4 ,! f\r acres 9 "o enclosure w\ld be only ab\t half or #ajj rods4 ,a squ>e #be rods on ea* side w\ld be almo/ #d acres4 ,%\ld ! fur-f>m] wi% to subdivide ?is into f\r tracts1 a f5ce ?ru ! middle ea* way w\ld take #be rods additional or #ej rods = bo? ways4 ,?is f5c+ ne$ n be s high or s secure z ! outside "o4 ,%\ld animals manage to get into ano!r "p ( ! f\r-acre enclosure1 !y w\ld /ill n be at lib]ty1 al?o !y might kill or injure "s ( ! o!r species be=e be+ discov]$ by ! own]4 ,if possible h a small /ream ( runn+ wat] 9 ! enclosure4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan = ,comb9$ ,enclosures4 ,)\t labor ! co/ ( mat]ial w v>y f #b4jj to #c4jj p] rod4 ,! greate/ v>iation 9 exp5se w be = po/s4 ,^? liv+ :]e po/s c be _h1 hav+ consid]able ! advantage4 ,?is e/imate be+ = galvaniz$ "o-in* me% wire ,no4 #ad1 p] rod1 small] wire ( c\rse be+ *eap]4 ,?is is by f> ! be/ mat]ial 9 mak+ enclosures1 yet f\nd4 ,"s ( ! fir/ exp]im5t]s us$ bo>ds1 b :]e !re 7 cracks1 or ! sap or b>k on edges rott$1 af=d+ ! animals a place to gnaw1 !y soon f\nd a way out4 ,?is _h to be gu>d$ aga9/ :]e ! bo>ds ext5d$ into ! gr\nd !y (t5 rott$ s t !re 0 always dang] ( ! animals escap+4 ,:]e /ones 7 set up edgewise or cem5t us$1 x 0 r exp5sive & z galvaniz$ wire la/s well ei!r 9 ! gr\nd1 :]e n expos$ to ! air1 or be+ galvaniz$1 x /&s ! elem5ts well1 x seems to meet ! requirem5ts ( ! fur f>m] = f5c+ or enclosure purposes4 ,:]e is ! f>m] :o w\ld expect to make a success at rais+ horses1 cattle or %eep1 by keep+ !m 9 a small p5 & fe$+ !m foods n to _! lik+ or nature8 ,yet1 su* has be5 ! case ) "s ( ^? :o tri$ fur animal rais+4 ,!y made a failure ( x & no "o :o is at all famili> ) fur-be>+ animals is surpris$4 ,^? :o w be successful at fur-f>m+ are trapp]s1 hunt]s & f>m]s :o "k some?+ ( ! animal or animals !y expect to raise--^? :o love ! animal & h a desire = ! bus9ess4 ,! ox1 horse & %eep 7 all wild at "o "t1 b h become dome/icat$4 ,:y n ! same ) ! fur-be>]s8 ,?is is exactly :at %\ld be done4 ,skunk1 especially1 are v easily dome/icat$1 & o!r fur-be>]s1 su* z coon1 m9k & opossum1 soon lose mu* ( _! fe>4 ,:5 ! rais] le>ns ?is & furni%es a l>ge enclosure ) d5s & food simil> to _! wild /ate1 !y w be on ! road to success4 ,z "o rais] says3 ,!y d well 9 a semi-wild /ate4 ,if ! enclosure is too small1 fleas1 se$ ticks1 & o!r p>asites are a great enemy to ! animals4 ,9 a l>ge enclosure ! animals are m at home al?\gh at fir/ !y are re/less & w walk ar\nd seek+ a way to escape2 t is !y try to escape at night4 ,!y are seldom1 if ev]1 se5 dur+ ! day :5 fir/ let loose 9 ! enclosure2 !y g5]ally g 9 ! fir/ d5 t has be5 prep>$ = !m4 ,wat] is important4 ,if y are rais+ skunk1 fox or opossum1 wat] = dr9k+ is all t !y require2 ! same is ! case ) ! coon1 al?\gh !y w d be/ :]e !y h wat] to wade1 play & se>* = food4 ,muskrat1 ott]1 beav] & m9k mu/ h wat] to swim & play 91 z well z to dr9k or !y _c be rais$4 ,! enclosure = m9k & muskrat %\ld include a /ream ( runn+ wat] if possible1 or a pond ( pure wat]4 ,! same conditions apply to ott] & beav]1 b ( c\rse ! wire %\ld be ( l>g] size ?an = m9k & muskrat4 ,sev]al diff]5t species ( fur-be>]s c be successfully rais$ 9 ! same enclosure4 ,coon1 opossum1 & skunk w all d well toge!r4 ,beav] & ott]1 app>5tly1 live peaceably = weeks 9 ! same beav] lodge or h\se4 ,! ?\s&s ( small lakes1 ponds1 etc41 (f] a spl5did opportunity = ! successful rais+ ( muskrat4 ,:ile _m own]s ( su*1 today1 9 _! natural condition1 or )\t any f5ce1 are reap+ a pr(itable & furry h>ve/2 yet !re are additional hundr$s t by build+ a f5ce ar\nd1 w\ld soon h a muskrat lake or pond wor? a great deal4 ,muskrat are fond ( _! homes & (t5 rema9 at ! same location = ye>s4 ,if a wire f5ce ?ree feet high 7 built ar\nd ?is lake or pond1 7) "o foot und]gr\nd71 x w\ld keep ! rats at home1 z "s w\ld leave1 especially z soon z ! increase became l>ge4 ,su* a f5ce w\ld also keep out m9k1 :i* kill muskrat1 (t54 ,muskrat1 9 _! wild or natural homes1 seldom leave ! wat] m ?an a rod or two1 s t a pond a consid]able di/ance f any /ream1 w\ld be a comp>atively safe place to raise !m1 )\t any enclosure4 ,! dang] w\ld be1 ma9ly1 t aft] ! animals became q pl5tiful1 "s w\ld p]haps leave1 = in/9ct seems to tea* !m t "s %\ld seek homes n s cr[d$4 ,?is has happ5$ 9 _! natural bre$+ places :]e !y became v pl5tiful4 ,h[ l>ge & :]e to build enclosures = fur f>m+1 mu/ be decid$ by ea* individual4 ,"o p>ty may h a creek1 pond or lake1 p]haps a swamp1 already inhabit$ by muskrat1 & all t is necess>y is to keep o!r hunt]s & trapp]s (f4 ,on navigable riv]s or lakes hav+ an inlet & outlet1 we believe 9 mo/ /ates any "o c trap s long z he is ^u ! wat]4 ,9 o!r words1 ! wat] does n belong to ! l& own] & he _c keep o!rs (f2 b any small lake or pond may be enclos$4 ,on ?is po9t x w\ld be well to see "s lawy] 9 y\r c\nty1 z diff]5t /ates may h diff]5t laws4 ,a wood$ bluff conta9+ "s d5 trees = coon1 & holl[ logs1 /umps1 etc41 = opossum & skunk1 w\ld be an ideal place = a fur-f>m4 ,! location ( ! f>m %\ld be )9 sight ( ! home ( ! rais]1 9 case a dog %\ld get )9 or a ?ief %\ld visit ! f>m4 ,to gu>d aga9/ /eal+ at night y\r dog w\ld give ! al>m1 or y c\ld h an electric appliance connect ! f>m ) ! h\se4 ,isl&s 9 l>ge lakes (f] a spl5did place to beg9 rais+ fur-be>+ animals1 & especially ^? t d n l to get _! fur wet or t naturally are n swimm]s4 ,9 ?is class are ! v>i\s k9ds ( foxes1 skunk & opossum2 m>t51 x is true1 are n includ$ 9 ! swimm+ class1 b ! successful m>t5 rais] p]haps w be f\nd1 if at all1 9 ! high] altitudes :]e ! sn[ gets sev]al feet deep dur+ ! w9t] mon?s1 & ! gr\nd is cov]$ ) sn[ eight or n9e mon?s ea* ye>--su* is ! ideal & natural home ( ! m>t54 ,skunk & opossum are two animals t d n travel mu* 9 extreme cold wea!r1 s t an isl& 9 a lake or l>ge riv]1 c\ld be us$ ) no f5c+4 ,x p]haps w\ld be be/ to put up a wire f5ce b x ne$ n be s sub/antial z if x 7 n surr\nd$ by wat]4 ,( c\rse isl&s 9 riv]s t ov]fl[1 w\ld n be suitable4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 isl&s 9 ! ,great ,lakes & else:]e1 t c be us$ = rais+ bo? skunk & opossum ) little or no ca% outlay at ! />t4 ,if isl&s are us$ = foxes 7except 9 salt wat] :]e ! wat] does n freeze71 ! same precaution 9 f5c+ mu/ be tak5 z else:]e4 ,foxes travel dur+ all k9ds ( wea!r & ! fir/ night ! ice =m$ suffici5t to be> _! weight1 !y w\ld be v apt to leave4 ,coon c\ld n be successfully rais$ on an isl&4 ,!y d n travel mu* dur+ sev]e wea!r1 b unless ! isl& happ5$ to be "s di/ance f ! ma9l&1 !y w\ld likely swim to %ore4 ,m9k w\ld be at home on an isl& :]e !re 0 fi%1 frogs1 etc41 ) drift & log piles to w&] ?r\gh1 b z !y are good swimm]s1 !re w\ld be no?+ ga9$ by />t+ ) ?is animal on an isl&4 ,skunk & opossum seem to be ! only animals t c be safely rais$ on an isl& )\t ! same precaution tak5 9 f5c+ & enclos+1 z ^u ! ma9l&4 ,^! two animals1 :ile n ! highe/ pric$ furr$ ones1 = v>i\s reasons w prove to be z pr(itable1 or m s1 :]e conditions favor1 ?an _m o!r fur-be>]s4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,box ,,trap ,,trapp+4 ,i 0 born 9 ,c5tral ,p5nsylvania & sp5t ! great] "p ( my e>ly life among ! m\nta9s ( t "p ( our c\ntry1 writes ,mr4 ,a4 ,c4 ,williams1 a well kn[n trapp]4 ,f my e>ly boyhood1 ,i _h a decid$ lik+ = ! wild] class ( lit]ature1 & took special int]e/ 9 tales ( hunt+ & trapp+ adv5tures2 b at t "t1 did n "k t !re 7 _m :o /ill foll[$ hunt+ & trapp+ = pr(it4 ,:5 ,i did le>n ( x1 ,i naturally became ev5 m int]e/$1 & tri$ to f9d a p>tn] among my boy fri5ds1 int5d+1 if ,i c\ld f9d "s p]son to accompany me1 to make an ext5d$ hunt+ & trapp+ trip into "s "o ( ! wild] portions ( ! ,we/ or ,nor?4 ,( c\rse ,i 0 no m fitt$ = su* a trip ?an any o!r c\ntry boy ( ! same age1 & knew no?+ ( ! wild]ness2 b be+ a boy1 & hav+ read s _m tales ( boy hunt]s trav]s+ ! wild]ness z !y w\ld _! own back y>ds1 ,i naturally ?\ght t life 9 ! =e/s 0 a v simple ?+1 & t !re 0 no reason :y ,i %\ld n g4 ,z ,i grew old] ,i le>n$ t !re 0 /ill "s fur to be f\nd 9 ,p5nsylvania1 & n only t b t !re 7 p>ties :o made trapp+ a bus9ess1 9 season4 ,i 0 int]e/$1 & decid$ to try my h& on ! fur-be>+ animals f\nd ne> my own home1 be=e go+ f>!r1 b ,i _h no traps & knew no?+ ab\t ! v>i\s sizes & grades2 z a consequ5ce1 ,i s\ght out "o ( ! trapp]s t ,i _h he>d (1 & ask$ 8 advice reg>d+ diff]5t traps = ! v>i\s animals4 ,he gave me ! desir$ in=mation1 v will+ly1 & also rem>k$ t he _h be5 v successful 9 trapp+ m9k & o!r small animals ) box-traps4 ,aft] he _h m5tion$ x1 ,i rememb]$ t my fa!r _h1 on "o occasion1 caught a m9k 9 a box trap1 aft] x _h be5 pay+ nightly visits to our *ick5 coop = a week or m1 kill+ a h5 ea* night2 b = all ( t ,i did n "k t ^! traps c\ld be us$ successfully :5 trapp+ = pr(it4 ,x 0 n v long aft] my conv]sation ) ?is trapp]1 t ,i _h an opportunity ( exam9+ "o ( ^! wood5 traps & /udy+ its con/ruction4 ,i w give "h a description ( ! trap us$ 9 t section3 ,a pla9 box1 size #aj by #aj by #bd in*es1 is made ( "o-in* lumb]1 h>dwood pref]r$1 & is left op5 on "o end & ! top 7see ,a7 ano!r "p 7,b7 ! cov]1 is fitt$ 9 top & end1 & h+$ at back by driv+ a nail 9 ea* side1 be+ c>eful to get bo? nails same di/ance f ! end ( bo>d4 ,?is cov] %\ld "w freely1 & :5 dropp$ d[n 9 place1 %\ld fill ! op5+ neatly1 leav+ no cracks = ! captur$ animal to gnaw at4 ,illu/ration3 ,box ,trap = ,cat*+ ,animals ,alive4 ,n[ nail two /rips 7,,cc7 on opposite sides ( ! box & ab\t ?ree in*es f ! m\? ( ! trap4 ,^! /rips %\ld ext5d ab\t t5 in*es above ! top ( ! box1 & %\ld h ! tops not*$ to hold /ick 7,d74 ,/ick 7,e7 is ti$ at "o end to a nail driv5 9 ! end ( cov]1 & at ! o!r end1 is atta*$ ! trigg] 7,f74 ,"o end ( ?is trigg] fits into a not* cut into ! end ( ! box1 & ! o!r end fits into a simil> not* cut 9 ! bait-/ick 7,g74 ,! bait-/ick1 z w be notic$ 9 ! draw+1 is slipp$ ?r\gh a hole 9 ! end ( ! box1 j bel[ ! trigg] not*1 & is kept 9 place by means ( a nail driv5 ?r\gh on ! inside ( ! box4 ,a small trip bo>d 7,h71 re/s "u ! bait-/ick on ! inside ( ! trap4 ,?is trip bo>d d\bles ! value ( ! trap1 z by its use _m an animal :i* m]ely ent]s ! trap to smell at ! bait1 w be caught2 :i* w\ld n occur if ! bo>d 7 n us$4 ,to complete ! trap1 a snap cat* 7,i7 is fa/5$ to "o side ( ! trap 9 front ( upright /rip 7,c7 & its purpose is to cat* & hold ! cov] :5 ! trap is sprung4 ,?is snap is made ( spr+y wood1 bevel$ on ! top1 & ! fall+ cov] presses x outw>d2 b z soon z ! trap is fully clos$1 x spr+s back to ! orig9al position hold+ ! cov] securely4 ,9 mak+ ?is trap x is advisable1 always1 to use old1 wea!r-beat5 lumb]4 ,z a result ( my inve/igation1 ,i made a numb] ( ^! traps & 0 successful ) !m1 f ! />t4 ,9 t "p ( ! c\ntry !re _h be5 _m saw-mills & logg+ camps1 at "o "t or ano!r & at su* places ,i c\ld always f9d old bo>ds f :i* to con/ruct ! traps4 ,! only tools requir$ be+ a saw1 a hat*et1 & a half-in* aug]1 ,i w\ld g to ^! places dur+ ! summ]1 :5ev] ,i _h a day to sp>e1 & make a few traps1 hid+ !m ne> ! places :]e ,i wi%$ to set !m4 ,! trap describ$ above is ( ! size us$ = m9k1 skunk & opossum1 b ,i made mo/ ( m9e on a l>g] scale1 & by bait+ ) fi%1 ,i caught _m coons4 ,on "o occasion ,i caught ?ree coons 9 "o night1 ) only ?ree traps set1 & 9 ano!r trap1 set by ! side ( a small /ream1 9 a gap ( ! m\nta9s1 ,i caught ?ree m9k & two coons 9 "o fall season4 ,at ano!r "t ,i caught a l>ge bob-cat 9 su* a trap4 ,z ,i said be=e ,i bait$ ) fi% :5 ,i c\ld get !m2 b ^? trapp]s :o us$ !m = m9k alone1 nev] us$ bait1 b attract$ ! m9k into ! trap by means ( m9k musk rubb$ on ! trip bo>d4 ,i caught q a lot ( skunks 9 box traps1 & x is a nice way to cat* ^! animals1 = ! trap may be c>ri$ to ! ne>e/ wat] & ! cat* dr[n$ by hold+ ! trap b5ea? ! surface4 ,x is advisable always1 to place a weight--a few /ones or wet *unks--on ! cov]1 z ?is w make x m c]ta9 9 its action4 ,^! traps are specially suitable = cat*+ animals alive & un9jur$1 = bre$+ purposes1 & n[1 t s _m p are int]e/$ 9 rais+ fur-be>+ animals1 !re is a ready sale = live animals1 & ?is matt] %\ld be giv5 att5tion4 ,illu/ration3 ,box ,trap ) ,sw+ ,gate4 ,i h us$ ano!r /yle ( box-trap = muskrats1 b is n int5d$ = cat*+ ! animals alive1 & ! muskrats are always dr[n$4 ,x is a simple box or squ>e tube ( bo>ds1 #f x #f x #bd or #bf in*es1 op5 at bo? ends4 ,a wire scre5 is fa/5$ ov] "o end1 & a loosely h+$ gate ( po9t$ wires is hung 9 ! o!r end4 ,i us$ = ! gate1 pieces ( umbrella ribs1 cut ab\t eight in*es long & ! ends fil$ %>p4 ,) ! wires cut ?is l5g? ! gate w hang at an angle ( =ty-five degrees1 or m1 & w pu% 9 easily1 all[+ ! animal to ent] ! trap )\t ef=t2 b once inside1 escape is impossible1 z ! gate _c be pu%$ out1 & ev5 if ! captur$ animal %\ld raise ! gate & attempt to creep "u x1 ! po9t$ wires w cat* 9 its back & prev5t escape4 ,!y are set 9 ! d5s1 "u wat]1 & if ! m\? ( ! d5 is too l>ge1 ! space ar\nd ! trap %\ld be clos$ ) sods4 ,set 9 ?is way1 x w cat* any muskrat t attempts to leave ! d51 & ,i h caught ?ree at "o "t 9 su* a trap4 ,:ile muskrats caught 9 ?is way are always dr[n$1 o!r animals1 su* z3 m9k1 skunk & opossum1 may be tak5 alive by sett+ ! trap 9 ! m\? ( ! d51 block+ up all side op5+s4 ,! wid? ( ! trap z %[n 9 ! cut1 is consid]ably out ( proportion1 :5 comp>$ ) its l5g?--x be+ drawn ?is way to %[ m cle>ly ! work+ ( ! sw+ gate4 ,a v effective skunk trap may be made f an old b>rel4 ,! b>rel is pivot$ to a pair ( /akes1 driv5 firmly into ! gr\nd along a bank or hillside1 :]e skunks are f\nd1 & ! bait is fa/5$ on ! bottom ( ! inside ( ! b>rel4 ,?is trap is %[n pla9ly 9 ! illu/ration4 ,x w be app>5t to all t :5 ! skunk1 9 approa*+ ! bait1 passes ! c5t]1 :]e x is h+$ to ! /akes1 ! b>rel tips ov]1 & x w be impossible = ! animal to escape4 ,muskrats are sometimes tak5 ) a wire net4 ,to hunt !m successfully 9 ?is way1 two p]sons are requir$4 ,:ile "o holds ! net ov] ! m\? ( ! d51 ! o!r hunt] drives ! inmates f ! burr[ by prodd+ ! gr\nd ) a po9t$ pole4 ,a wire cage ) a cov] mu/ be us$ to c>ry ! captur$ animals1 & ea* individual mu/ be %ak5 into ! cage z soon z captur$1 & ! cage clos$ imm$iately to prev5t _! escape4 ,illu/ration3 ,b>rel ,trap = ,cat*+ ,animals ,alive4 ,:5 box traps are us$1 no difficulty :atev] w be enc\nt]$ 9 transport+ ! animals1 z trap & cat* may be c>ri$ into ! enclosure be=e ! animal is lib]at$4 ,ev5 ! skunk may be c>ri$ along 9 ?is way )\t any dang] ( sc5t+4 ,! trap %\ld be h&l$ c>efully--n ?r[n ab\t4 ,muskrats may be h&l$ ) p]fect safety if grasp$ by ! end ( ! tail & held at arm's l5g?4 ,trapp]s1 z a rule1 "k j :at "t ( ye> ! "y ( ea* species ( animal are born & ,i w\ld advise1 :5 trapp+ animals = bre$+ purposes1 to cat* !m be=e ?is "t1 or at su* a l5g? ( "t aft] ! bir? ( ! "y1 t !re w be no dang] ( _! />v+ 9 case !y are n captur$ along ) ! "m4 ,ev5 if ! v "y animals are tak5 f ! d51 !re is dang] ( !m suff]+ f c>eless h&l+1 or f n receiv+ prop] c>e4 ,x is bett] to cat* ! female animals be=e ! "y are born4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ano!r box trap t is a good "o1 is describ$ by an ,ill9ois trapp] z foll[s3 ,i "h enclose a sket* = mak+ a trap = cat*+ m9k :i* ,i h us$ = ye>s1 & ?9k x c't be beat4 ,make a box #bb in*es long1 #e in*es wide1 & #f in*es high out ( in* lumb]2 bore a hole at ! back = ! /r+ 7,d7 to pass ?r\gh1 :i* is ti$ to a bait at 7,e7 & fa/5$ at ! o!r end to a heavy wire 7,c71 on top ( ! box1 :i* holds ! slid+ door 7,a71 :5 set4 ,a c\ple ( /rips 7,b7 are nail$ on ea* side to hold ! door 9 place4 ,?is is a good trap = m9k t are afraid ( /eel traps4 ,= bait use a rabbit's head ti$ securely to ! /r+1 also a few drops ( good sc5t put on ! bait1 & set ne> ! m\? ( "s tiles or :]ev] m9k ab\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,ano!r ,box ,trap4 ,?is trap1 z well z all ! box-traps 9 ?is *apt]1 are recomm5d$ = cat*+ su* animals z skunk1 coon1 m9k1 & opossum1 alive & un9jur$1 = /ock+ fur-f>ms4 ,muskrat c be caught 9 ^! traps by bait+ & sett+ :]e !y fe$1 or on runways f "o pond to ano!r4 ,animals caught 9 ^! traps c be c>ri$ ) safety to bo? cat*] & animal1 to ! enclosure1 be=e tak+ out ( ! trap4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,fox ,,rais+4 ,! foxes ( ,nor? ,am]ica are divid$ by naturali/s into only ?ree di/9ct gr\ps or species1 namely1 ! r$1 ! gray & ! ,arctic foxes4 ,( ^!1 ! r$ species is divid$ into a numb] ( v>ieties1 among :i* are ! ,nova ,scotia ,r$ ,fox1 ! ,newf\ndl& ,r$ ,fox & ! ,we/]n ,kit or ,swift ,fox1 etc4 ,! black1 cross & silv] foxes are commonly suppos$ to be only color v>ieties ( ! r$1 !re be+ no diff]5ce :atev]1 except 9 ! fur4 ,:ile naturali/s all agree on ?is subject !re is consid]able diff]5ce ( op9ion among o!rs :o give z pro( t !y are ( a diff]5t species1 ! fact t ! black1 cross & silv] are only f\nd 9 ! nor!rn di/ricts :ile ! r$ v>iety is f\nd well d[n into ! s\?4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 c]ta9 facts :i* g to prove t !y are all ( ! same v>iety or if diff]5t t !y int]bre$1 ! mo/ conv9c+ ( ^! be+ ! fact t ! v>i\s colors are sometimes f\nd 9 ! same litt]4 ,b1 be ?is z x may1 ! matt] is ( little importance to ! prospective fox bre$] z x has become a well kn[n fact t ! r$ color c be entirely elim9at$ by c>eful bre$+4 ,! r$ fox is f\nd ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ,canada & ! ,unit$ ,/ates except 9 ! f> s\? :]e x is replac$ by ! gray species & 9 ! extreme nor!rn portions ( ,canada & ,alaska1 :]e x gives place to ! ,arctic fox1 also !y are n f\nd 9 ! f> we/]n /ates nor on ! ,pacific coa/1 be+ replac$ "h by ! gray4 ,!y are p]haps mo/ abundant 9 ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates1 ,newf\ndl& & ! ea/]n prov9ces ( ,canada1 b are also f\nd 9 good numb]s 9 p>ts ( ,new ,york1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,virg9ia1 ,we/ ,virg9ia & ! m\nta9\s & hilly sections ( ! ,s\?4 ,! silv] & black foxes are f\nd b r>ely 9 ! mo/ nor!rn ti] ( /ates & are probably f\nd 9 ! greate/ numb]s 9 ,newf\ndl&1 ,labrador1 nor!rn ,quebec & nor!rn ,ont>io1 b an odd specim5 is occasionally met ) 9 all p>ts ( ,canada4 ,!y appe> also to be q pl5tiful 9 ! int]ior ( ,alaska & ! ,yukon ,prov9ce ( ,canada4 ,! range ( ! cross fox is ! same z t ( ! silv] & black except t x probably ext5ds some:at f>!r s\?w>d into ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,( ! gray foxes1 sev]al v>ieties are recogniz$1 all h[ev]1 be+ v mu* alike4 ,!y are f\nd ?r\gh\t ! ,s\!rn & ,s\? ,c5tral ,/ates--9 ! ea/ be+ f\nd z f> nor? z ,connecticut & on ! ,pacific ,coa/ are f\nd 9 ,cali=nia & ,oregon4 ,! ,arctic fox1 also kn[n z ! blue fox & ! :ite fox1 is f\nd only 9 nor!rn ,canada & ,alaska4 ,9 ! mo/ nor!rn p>ts ( _! range !y are a blui% color 9 summ]1 *ang+ to :ite 9 w9t]1 b 9 ! l[] latitudes !y reta9 ! blue color ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,!re is an imm5se diff]5ce 9 ! value ( ! v>i\s v>ieties ( foxes4 ,:ile ! fur ( ! gray v>iety is seldom wor? m ?an a doll> or a doll> & a half1 t ( ! f9e silv] & black foxes w range f sev]al hundr$ to a ?\s& doll>s1 & m if ! sk9 is an exceptionally f9e "o4 ,! ,arctic fox comes next 9 value to ! silv]1 :ile ! cross is z a rule ( less value1 dep5d+ mo/ly on color1 & ! r$ v>iety sells = f ?ree to five doll>s ea* & upw>ds = prime sk9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,nor?we/]n ,fox ,sk9s--,silv]1 ,cross & ,r$4 ,! v>i\s memb]s ( ! r$ fox family are practically ! same z reg>ds habits1 be+ influ5c$ to a c]ta9 ext5t by environm5ts1 diff]5ces 9 climate & food1 etc41 b on ! :ole v mu* alike4 ,!y are all ( a cunn+1 w>y & suspici\s nature & x is ow+ to ?is fact alone t !y h be5 enabl$ to live & ?rive 9 ! face ( ! p]si/5t hunt+ & trapp+4 ,!y are h>dy animals & :ile !y g5]ally h a d5 some:]e on ! side ( a gravelly or s&y hill1 !y sp5d comp>atively little ( _! "t 9 ! d5s & pref] to sp5d ! day 9 a bun* ( grass or we$s1 a clump ( bru%1 or1 curl$ up on top ( a /ump4 ,9 _! se>* = food !y sometimes />t out q e>ly 9 ! ev5+1 b are probably mo/ active 9 ! e>ly morn+ :5 all animal life is on ! move4 ,!n x is t ! rabbits & o!r nocturnal animals are seek+ _! places ( re/ & ! birds1 etc41 are comm5c+ to move ab\t & ! fox /&s a bett] *ance ( secur+ "s article ( food4 ,_! food consi/s pr9cipally ( small animals & birds1 su* z rabbits1 p>tridge1 quail1 *ipmunks & mice1 b !y also eat fruit1 su* z apples1 wild grapes & nuts4 ,h[ev]1 !y are m /rictly c>nivor\s ?an ! gray fox4 ,!y are fond ( eggs & (t5 rob ! ne/s ( gr\nd build+ birds1 ( eggs & "y1 & 9 ! settl$ sections h acquir$ a decid$ lik+ = p\ltry ( all k9ds4 ,! food ( ! gray fox is practically ! same z t ( ! r$ v>iety b !y are m giv5 to eat+ fruit & fe$ ext5sively on grapes1 apples1 etc41 & 9 "s sections !y fe$ on gre5 corn4 ,all foxes w eat fi% ) a reli% :5 !y c get !m & w refuse sc>cely any?+ 9 ! l9e ( fle%1 be+ especially fond ( muskrat1 skunk & opossum4 ,9 captivity !y take v k9dly to a vegetable diet4 ,! ,arctic foxes live *iefly on lemm+s1 small animals :i* are f\nd q pl5tifully 9 ! f> nor?1 b 9 captivity !y ?rive on fi% & cook$ corn meal4 ,! mat+ season ( ! r$ fox comes ma9ly 9 ,febru>y & ! beg9n+ ( ,m>* & ! "y1 f five to eight or n9e1 are born 9 ,april or e>ly 9 ,may4 ,! "y ( ! gray fox are born 9 ,may1 ! mat+ season ( ?is species be+ some:at lat] ?an t ( ! r$ fox4 ,! bre$+ d5s ( ! fox are usually locat$ on "s gravelly hillside b 9 places :]e ! c\ntry is brok5 & rocky4 ,!y use natural d5s 9 ! rocks4 ,x is only dur+ ! bre$+ season & :ile ! "y foxes are /ill q small t ^! d5s are regul>ly inhabit$4 ,at o!r times !y may sp5d an occasional day !re or seek safety 9 ! d5s :5 h>d press$ by h\nds1 b = ! mo/ "p !y pref] to re/ out ( doors4 ,foxes pref] ! r\gh hilly c\ntries & are usually f\nd 9 good numb]s 9 ! hilly f>m+ sections :]e !re are old pa/ures & an occasional pat* ( woodl&4 ,! gray fox is mo/ at home 9 ! wood$ di/ricts b ! r$ species1 includ+ ! silv]1 cross & black pref] ! m op5 /ret*es ( c\ntry4 ,9 ! nor? !y w be f\nd mo/ pl5tiful 9 ! b>r5s & sections :]e second-gr[? timb] prevails4 ,! two species d n appe> to be on v fri5dly t]ms & n giv5 to mix+ "o ) ! o!r4 ,9 "s sections :]e r$ foxes 7 once num]\s & ! gray v>iety 7 unkn[n1 ! grays n[ pr$om9ate1 hav+ driv5 out ! r$ v>iety4 ,9 o!r p>ts ! r$s h supplant$ ! grays4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is only 9 ! c5tral & s\!rn di/ricts1 z ! gray fox is nev] f\nd f> nor?4 ,,fox ,,f>m+4--,fox f>m+ has be5 attempt$ by v>i\s p>ties f "t to "t & ^? :o h giv5 ! bus9ess consid]able /udy & h p]sev]$ h g5]ally be5 successful4 ,_m ( ! p>ties1 h[ev]1 7 m5 :o h _h practically no k ( nature1 hav+ gone into ! bus9ess too deeply 9 ! />t & be+ ignorant ( ! nature & habits ( ! animals :5 f\nd 9 a wild /ate1 h z a consequ5ce1 fail$4 ,v few ( ^? :o h made a success ( bre$+ ! valuable silv] foxes h gone into ?is bus9ess 9 ! />t1 b h fir/ exp]im5t$ ) ! less valuable r$ fox1 & z ! silv] & r$ foxes are ( ! same v>iety _! nature & habits are also ! same1 & ! k ( _! habits ga9$ by exp]im5t+ ) "o is ( equal value z appli$ to ! o!r4 ,! ,arctic foxes are be+ rais$ successfully on _m ( ! isl&s (f ! coa/ ( ,alaska4 ,z ! seas nev] freeze ov] !re1 no enclosures are necess>y & ! bus9ess has prov$ comp>atively easy f ! />t4 ,su* isl&s are n )9 ! rea* ( ! av]age fox f>m] & o!r means mu/ be resort$ to4 ,! bre$+ ( silv] foxes has1 ?us f>1 be5 c>ri$ on ma9ly 9 ! ,canadian ,m>itime ,prov9ces & ! /ate ( ,ma9e1 b x has also be5 und]tak5 to "s ext5t 9 ,mi*igan1 ,alaska1 ,labrador & ,newf\ndl&4 ,we are c]ta9 t if "o w give ! matt] suffici5t /udy1 le>n ! habits & nature ( ! animals ?or\ghly & act accord+ly1 success is sure to foll[ & t ! r$1 cross & silv] foxes may be br$ & rais$ successfully4 ,exp]im5ts %\ld be conduct$ on a small scale1 = o!rwise failure w\ld mean a great loss4 ,we w\ld advise t ! amateur conduct 8 exp]im5ts ) r$ foxes1 le>n+ _! habits ?or\ghly be=e attempt+ ! bre$+ ( ! valuable silv]-gray4 ,,favorable ,,localities4--,x is a well kn[n fact t ! f9e/ furs are produc$ 9 nor!rn localities & fox f>m+ %\ld n be attempt$ 9 ! f> s\?4 ,! accompany+ map1 :i* is tak5 f ! bullet9 ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 w %[ ! area mo/ suitable = silv] fox f>m+4 ,! pla9ly l9$ portions %[ ! mo/ suitable c\ntry1 & conditions 9 ^? p>ts are mo/ excell5t & ! cross-hat*$ p>ts %[ ! area :]e silv] fox rais+ is possible & conditions favorable4 ,! r$ fox w d well some:at f>!r s\?1 b z be=e /at$1 ! w>m climate ( ! s\? is detrim5tal to f9e furs1 & x w be wise to n locate too f> s\? ( ! %ad$ portions %[n on ! map4 ,illu/ration3 ,map ( life zones 9 :i* fox f>m+ is feasible 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %[+ ! ,canadian zone :]e conditions are excell5t1 & ! ,transition zone1 9 p>ts ( :i* conditions are favorable4 ,hav+ decid$ on a favorable section ( c\ntry ! next /ep is to f9d a suitable location4 ,x is n necess>y or ev5 advisable to h a l>ge enclosure4 ,= ! beg9n] a half-acre to an acre w be suffici5t1 & a space ( f\r or five acres is ample = ext5sive op]ations4 ,if ! enclosure is too l>ge ! animals w be wild & unmanageable1 & on ! o!r h& if too small !y w become n]v\s & re/less & w n bre$ well1 & x is advis$ also t ! foxes be n di/urb$ by visitors & be all[$ to live z quietly z possible4 ,a s&y soil is recomm5d$1 & !re %\ld be "s trees = %ade1 b a ?ick woods is n desirable4 ,,enclosures4--,f5ces %\ld be made ( galvaniz$ wov5 wire ( two-in* me%1--numb] #ad or #af wire be+ be/4 ,! f5ce %\ld be t5 feet 9 height & %\ld be sunk 9 ! gr\nd two feet & turn$ 9 two feet at ! top4 ,! ov]hang at ! top is easily adju/$ by means ( cross /rips on ! top ( ! po/s4 ,c>e 9 mak+ ! f5ces is ess5tial1 & if !re is mu* sn[ 9 w9t] ! drifts mu/ n be all[$ to become high en\gh to all[ ! animals to leap ov]4 ,x is advisable to h a set ( inside enclosures1 & z x is necess>y t ! animals are n annoy$ by visitors4 ,x is a good plan to h ! space betwe5 ! inside & outside f5ces fill$ ) trees & clumps ( bru% s z to ob/ruct ! view4 ,! inn] enclosures are small & design$ = s+le animals & pairs & %\ld be ab\t ?irty or =ty feet 9 size4 ,!re %\ld also be sev]al l>g] enclosures = ! males & females1 =1 except dur+ ! bre$+ season x w d no h>m to all[ ! males to run toge!r4 ,ea* sep>ate enclosure %\ld be provid$ ) a gate s t x w be an easy matt] to remove ! foxes f "o enclosure to ano!r4 ,! plan = ! arrangem5t ( ! y>ds z %[n "h is a good "o & is tak5 f ! ,gov]nm5t ,bullet94 ,illu/ration3 ,plan = ,arrangem5t ( ,fox ,y>ds4 ,ea* comp>tm5t %\ld be provid$ ) small k5nels1 = al?\gh ! fox w usually dig a d51 ! nature ( ! gr\nd is n always suitable & !y take k9dly to ^! artificial d5s4 ,!y are usually made f\r or five feet squ>e & two or ?ree feet high4 ,if desir$1 %elt]s may be made ( boxes z %[n 9 ! cut4 ,no b$d+ is requir$1 z ! old foxes w d well )\t or w provide "o !mselves4 ,illu/ration3 ,box ,%elt] = ,female & ,"y4 ,,fe$+4--,_m fox rais]s h fail$ to recognize ! fact t ! fox is almo/ omnivor\s & give a /rictly meat diet accord+4 ,:ile ?is does n always h disa/r\s results1 x is bett] to give !m a mix$ food1 includ+ besides meat1 table scraps1 bread & milk1 etc4 ,ov]fe$+ is a common tr\ble & %\ld be avoid$4 ,( c\rse !y mu/ h suffici5t1 b %\ld n be all[$ to become too fat1 z ?is spoils !m = bre$+ purposes2 also fe$+ %\ld be at regul> int]vals4 ,! weight ( a heal?y fox is f six to n9e p\nds1 & :5 an animal weighs m ?an t5 p\nds x is almo/ c]ta9 t x is too fat4 ,:5 a numb] ( animals are kept toge!r 9 "o enclosure ! bolde/ & /ronge/ w usually get m ?an its %>e ( ! food4 ,( c\rse fre% dr9k+ wat] mu/ be provid$ regul>ly4 ,"o ( ! mo/ successful bre$]s fe$s a qu>t] ( a p\nd ( meat & a qu>t ( skim milk daily4 ,a qu>t] ( a p\nd ( meat & a h&ful ( scraps is a fair daily all[ance4 ,ano!r fox f>m] fe$s along ) ! meat a hoecake made ( corn meal & s\r milk4 ,beef1 mutton1 fi%1 horsefle%1 etc41 are all good food = ! fox4 ,old worn-out animals may be secur$ 9 any rural di/rict1 b x is absolutely necess>y t ! animals be heal?y & ! meat %\ld be kept on ice4 ,"o bre$] claims t if ev]y?+ 7 pur*as$1 8 foxes w\ld n co/ him m ?an "o c5t ea* a day1 b z he fe$s consid]able table scraps ! co/ is ev5 less4 ,,bre$+4--,9 ! wild /ate ! male fox mates ) a s+le female b 9 captivity "o male w answ] = two or ev5 ?ree females b x is be/ to h all animals 9 pairs4 ,x has be5 f\nd be/ to place ! male ) ! female 9 ,decemb] or ,janu>y & leave !m 9 company until ! la/ ( ,m>* :5 ! males %\ld be remov$4 ,! females %\ld be kept 9 ! small enclosures cont9u\sly & ! "y foxes remov$ :5 wean$4 ,!y bre$ ! fir/ season1 :5 less ?an a ye> old1 b z a rule ! litt]s are small4 ,illu/ration3 ,corn] ( ,fox ,y>d %[+ ,/ones to ,prev5t ,escape by ,digg+4 ,z be=e /at$ x is absolutely necess>y to prev5t ! animals f becom+ n]v\s f too frequ5t visits ( /rang]s4 ,?is n]v\sness has a bad effect on _! bre$+ qualities4 ,x is especially bad aft] ! "y foxes are born1 z ! "m fe>+ = ! safety ( h] "y1 w move !m ab\t cont9u\sly until !y are badly injur$ or die ( exposure4 ,! keep] also %\ld n di/urb ! "y b %\ld keep away f !m z mu* z possible4 ,9 rais+ silv] foxes1 only ! mo/ p]fect specim5s %\ld be kept = bre$+ purposes4 ,h[ev]1 if !re is a t5d5cy to %[ "s r$ among ! fur ?is may be br$ out entirely by us+ c>e 9 select+ ! bre$+ /ock4 ,illu/ration3 ,fox ,y>ds1 ,%[+ ,detail ( ,out] ,f5ce4 ,z !re is consid]able diff]5ce 9 ! disposition ( individuals ?is %\ld also be kept 9 m9d & ^? animals %[+ ! lea/ av]sion to man %\ld be select$1 provid+1 ( c\rse1 t !y are prolific & o!rwise p]fect4 ,a p>ty 9 ,ohio :o has be5 rais+ foxes = "s "t writes z foll[s3 ,two ye>s ago ,i add$ foxes to my game pres]ve & la/ spr+ my r$ gave bir? to five "y foxes4 ,my black male fox got to ! "y & kill$ ! ?ree males4 ,i n[ h ?ree cross foxes1 "o black & f\r r$4 ,i expect to h a big increase 9 ! spr+4 ,%\ld ,i get a lot ( black pups next spr+ ,i w surely d well ) my foxes4 ,i f9d t foxes are n /rictly c>nivor\s 7fle% eat+7 animals4 ,i fe$ !m /ale bread1 milk & any k9d ( a dead f[l1 rats1 mice1 /ale meats1 muskrat1 coon or any o!r c>cass4 ,i aim to give !m all !y w eat1 yet ,i (t5 h ?\ght t ,i fe$ !m too mu* at "o "t & n en\gh at o!r times4 ,i ?9k foxes %\ld be f$ morn+ & ev5+ only ab\t :at !y w eat4 ,!y %\ld be giv5 fre% wat] twice a day dur+ ! summ] mon?s & ! wat] %\ld n be giv5 !m 9 a %all[ vessel1 no?+ l[] ?an an ord9>y bucket4 ,!y are sure to f\l ! wat] if !y c get ov] or 9 x4 ,all[ me to sugge/ to any "o :o contemplates rais+ foxes t "o ( ! ess5tial ?+s to d is to fir/ build a k5nel 9 su* a way t !y w n gnaw or dig out4 ,a safe fox p5 c be built by putt+ a /one wall or concrete two feet d[n1 sett+ po/s fir/1 !n build wall ar\nd po/s4 ,don't use any nett+ ov] two-in* me% & ! p\ltry nett+ %\ld be made ( ,no4 #ag wire4 ,fox w te> ! ord9>y two-in* p\ltry nett+ z fa/ z y c put x on4 ,my k5nel is #ej feet by #be feet & #g feet high1 cov]$ ov] ! top ) ord9>y p\ltry nett+4 ,"o ( ! ess5tial ?+s to d aft] k5nel is built is to see t x is prop]ly und]dra9$ & to see t pl5ty ( dry leaves are put 9 k5nel4 ,/raw w d if leaves _c be gott54 ,a m\nd ( e>? w\ld be an excell5t ?+ 9 ea* ap>tm5t ( y\r k5nels4 ,foxes are great to be con/antly digg+ 9 ! gr\nd4 ,keep pl5ty ( boxes 9 y\r k5nel ) a nice smoo? hole 9 ea* box1 z a r\gh hole de/roys _! fur4 ,illu/ration3 ,y>ds ( a ,successful ,ma9e ,fox ,f>m4 ,a summ>y ( ! :ole %[s t ! po9ts mo/ necess>y ( consid]ation = success is 9 prop] fe$+1 9 giv+ p>ticul> att5tion to ! animals dur+ ! bre$+ season1 9 us+ special c>e to prev5t !m f be+ fright5$ & 9 ! keep] w9n+ ! confid5ce ( ! captive animals4 ,a c>eful /udy ( _! nature is advis$ & x %\ld always be kept 9 m9d t foxes are wild animals & !re=e %\ld h f> m att5tion ?an is necess>y ) dome/ic animals4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,skunk ,,rais+4 ,!re are b two species ( skunk f\nd 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 namely1 ! common /rip$ skunk & ! small spott$ skunk ( ! ,c5tral ,/ates1--commonly kn[n z ! civet cat4 ,?is latt] "n is wrong z ! real civet cat is an entirely diff]5t animal4 ,x is ) ! true skunk t ?is article has to deal1 & ( ?is animal naturali/s recognize sev]al v>ieties1 ! only diff]5ce be+ 9 size & m>k+s4 ,!y are f\nd 9 all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ) ! exception ( ! bun*-grass pla9s & ! m\nta9\s di/rict ( ! ,we/4 ,!y occur aga9 to ! we/ ( ! m\nta9 ranges & also are f\nd 9 mo/ p>ts ( ,s\!rn ,canada4 ,!y are f\nd 9 ! prairie c\ntry & 9 ! hilly & m\nta9\s di/ricts ( ! ,ea/1 & are at home 9 ! wilds z well z 9 ! ?ickly settl$ di/ricts1 h[ev]1 !y seem to ?rive be/ 9 ! f>m+ sections & especially if ! c\ntry is ( a hilly nature4 ,_! d5s are locat$ along ! gravelly hillsides1 q (t5 "u ! roots ( trees & /umps b 9 ! prairie !y d5 along ! wa%\ts & creek banks4 ,9 ?ickly settl$ sections !y frequ5tly make _! home "u h\ses & outbuild+s1 %[+ practically no fe> ( man & (t5 appropriate ! d5 ( ! wood*uck4 ,!y are nocturnal animals & z a rule d n w&] f> f ! d5 b 9 ! fall !y travel f>!r1 look+ = a good d5 9 :i* to sp5d ! w9t]4 ,aga91 9 e>ly spr+ dur+ ! mat+ season1 ! males travel consid]ably4 ,:ile !y are n a hib]nat+ animal1 !y /ay 9 ! d5s dur+ cold wea!r1 also :5 ! sn[ is loose & deep1 b are sure to be out on ! fir/ nice night4 ,! mat+ season ( ?is animal is 9 ,febru>y & e>ly ,m>* & ! "y are born mo/ly 9 ,may1 al?\gh "s w be born 9 ,april4 ,!re are usually f f\r to t5 "y 9 a litt] b occasionally !re w be a l>g] numb]4 ,! value ( a skunk sk9 dep5ds ma9ly on its size & m>k+s1 !y be+ grad$ by ! buy]s entirely by ! am\nt ( black fur1 provid+1 ( c\rse1 t ! sk9 is prime & well h&l$4 ,!re is a consid]able diff]5ce 9 respect to sizes & m>k+s ( ! av]age cat*es ( ! v>i\s sections4 ,f "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry !y w run q l>ge1 9 o!r p>ts small1 & :ile 9 "o section !y w run p]haps n9ety p] c5t4 long /ripes1 9 o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry ! black & %ort /ripe grade pr$om9ates4 ,( c\rse ! skunks ( ! ,s\? are n z well furr$ z ^? f\nd f>!r nor?4 ,be+ sl[ mov+ animals1 !y c n cat* ! m active animals & birds z d ! o!r memb]s ( ! weasel family & _! food consi/s ma9ly ( mice1 insects & grubs1 also on ! eggs & "y ( su* birds z ne/ on ! gr\nd4 ,!y are v fond ( p\ltry & frequ5tly visit ! p\ltry h\ses1 kill+ ! "y birds4 ,!y also fe$ on c>rion4 ,:5 !y c get x !y w eat almo/ any k9d ( animal food4 ,ev5 9 ! wild /ate ! skunk is n1 /rictly speak+1 a c>nivor\s animal z !y w eat & 9 fact are fond ( sweet corn :5 9 a milky /ate1 also sweet potatoes1 melons & wild fruits4 ,!y h no means ( def5se o!r ?an _! sc5t1 b ?is is suffici5t 9 _m cases & ! majority ( p w give !m a wide b]?4 ,?is sc5t is only us$ :5 al>m$ or fright5$ & 9 captivity !re is no tr\ble :atev] f ?is s\rce z !y soon le>n t !re is no occasion = al>m & become q tame4 ,,pa/ ,,exp]im5ts4--,beyond all d\bt ! skunk has be5 giv5 m consid]ation by rais]s ( fur-be>]s ?an any o!r animal1 ) ! exception ( ! fox4 ,!re are _m :o h tri$ rais+ ^! animals ) m or less success & :]e ! exp]im5t]s h us$ good judgm5t & h giv5 ! subject all ( ! att5tion x des]ves1 !y h be5 reasonably successful4 ,mo/ ( ^! p h />t$ 9 on a small scale1 hav+ p]haps only a doz5 or two ( skunks to />t )2 9 fact1 n[h]e has ! bus9ess be5 c>ri$ on z ext5sively z "s newspap] articles w\ld lead "o to believe2 ! majority ( ^! p>ties hav+ at ! mo/ only two or ?ree hundr$ animals4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ ran*es 0 locat$ 9 ,ea/]n ,p5nsylvania1 b = v>i\s reasons ?is v5ture 0 a failure4 ,x is ! small] exp]im5t]s1 9 o!r words1 ^? :o h begun on a small scale1 :o h be5 mo/ successful4 ,!y are = ! mo/ "p trapp]s :o _h ev5 be=e v5tur+ into ! bus9ess a fair k ( ! nature & habits ( ! skunk & !re=e 7 m qualifi$ = mak+ ! bus9ess a successful "o4 ,trapp]s naturally take an int]e/ 9 all nature & are mo/ likely to give ! prop] am\nt ( att5tion to ! animals1 also le>n _! habits readily & act accord+ly & ^! qualities are absolutely necess>y = ! successful rais+ ( all fur-be>+ animals4 ,! mo/ successful /ock bre$]s are ^? :o make a special /udy ( _! animals & take a great int]e/ 9 !m & ^? :o d n are almo/ c]ta9 to fail & really des]ve failure4 ,if s mu* c>e is necess>y 9 bre$+ dome/ic animals1 h[ mu* m important ! c>e 9 h&l+ ! wild creatures1 kn[+ s little ( !m z ! av]age man does4 ,b ev5 h&icapp$ by lack ( k ! exp]im5t]s h be5 fairly successful f ! />t if !y 7 ! "r m5 = ! bus9ess4 ,)\t exception !y all report t ! animals bre$ well 9 captivity & are easily kept2 9 a %ort "t becom+ q tame & los+ _! fe> ( man4 ,! skunk is an animal :i* is despis$ & fe>$ by _m p because ( its read9ess to make use ( its p[]ful sc5t1 ! only means ( def5se ) :i* nature has provid$ x1 b x is only :5 fright5$ t x uses ?is sc5t & once !y h become tame & le>n t !y w n be h>m$ !y are practically h>mless4 ,we w say1 h[ev]1 to ^? :o are afraid ( ! sc5t d n attempt to raise skunks1 b devote y\r "t to "s o!r call+ = :i* y are m fitt$4 ,x is true t ! sc5t gl&s may be remov$ f ! "y animals b _m ( !m w die f ! op]ation & !re is practically no?+ ga9$2 !re=e1 ?is practice is n advis$4 ,^? :o h fail$ 7 = ! mo/ "p p :o knew no?+ reg>d+ ! habits ( ! animal & its c>e :5 9 captivity4 ,!y 7 m5 ) capital1 :o began on a l>ge scale expect+ to make a =tune 9 a %ort "t1 b 9 ?is !y 7 mi/ak51 = _m ( !m lo/ all t !y inve/$4 ,^! p>ties h _h tr\ble f ! old] animals kill+ & eat+ ! "y1 also f depr$ations ( owls1 b ma9ly f ! fir/ reason4 ,x is our op9ion t ?is cannibali/ic t5d5cy is caus$ by improp] fe$+1 z ^? p>ties :o h us$ c>e 9 t respect h _h no tr\ble :atev]4 ,to ^? :o are ?9k+ ( emb>k+ 9 ! bus9ess ( skunk f>m+1 we w\ld say1--/>t on a small scale ) only a small numb] ( animals1 say two doz5 females & six males4 ,give !m e possible att5tion & /udy !m "u all conditions4 ,d n expect to make a =tune 9 a %ort "t4 ,,enclosures4--,aft] y h decid$ on ?is bus9ess ! fir/ ?+ is to f9d ! prop] location & make a suitable enclosure4 ,!re %\ld be a spr+ on1 or a small /ream cross+ ! gr\nd to be inclos$1 b at ! same "t ! gr\nd mu/ n be wet2 9 fact1 x %\ld be ( r dry nature1 s t !re w n be too mu* dampness 9 ! d5s4 ,!re %\ld be banks ( e>? = ! animals to d5 9 & ! gr\nd %\ld h a gradual slope s t x w dra9 readily4 ,if x is ( a s&y nature x w be all ! bett]4 ,"s :o h tri$ skunk f>m+ h locat$ ! y>ds on ! %ore ( a small lake or pond & h includ$ a portion ( ! pond 9 ! enclosure4 ,?is is a good idea & x w n be necess>y to ext5d ! f5ce v deep into ! wat]1 z ! skunk is n a wat] animal & w n dive "u2 h[ev]1 :]e ! f5ce crosses a /ream ( runn+ wat] ! f5ce %\ld rea* to ! b$ ( ! /ream z ! wat] w fall consid]ably dur+ dry wea!r4 ,! enclosures %\ld be l>ge4 ,:5 ! animals are inclos$ 9 small y>ds or p5s !y become infe/$ ) fleas1 ticks1 etc41 & !y d n d well4 ,su* small enclosures w answ] = a %ort "t b z soon z possible !y %\ld be plac$ 9 a l>ge roomy y>d4 ,= f5c+ mat]ial1 galvaniz$ wire nett+ ( "o-in* me% is advis$1 z ! "y animals w escape ?r\gh a two-in* me%4 ,! f5ce %\ld be sev5 feet 9 height4 ,"u ord9>y conditions ! skunk w\ld n escape ov] a f\r-foot f5ce1 b !re is dang] 9 w9t] f drift+ sn[1 & dogs & o!r animals mu/ be kept out at all times2 !re=e1 ! f5ce %\ld be ( ! height m5tion$ & x mu/ be turn$ 9 at ! top or a %eet ( t9 plac$ along ! edge to prev5t ! animals f climb+ out4 ,illu/ration3 ,corn] ( an ,ohio ,skunk ,f>m4 ,! int]ior ( ! enclosure %\ld be divid$ into comp>tm5ts1 us+ ! same mat]ial = ! f5ces b !y ne$ n be s high4 ,! l>ge/ comp>tm5t w\ld be = ! females & !re %\ld be a small] "o = ! males1 also "o = ! "y animals aft] !y h become l>ge en\gh to take c>e ( !mselves4 ,"s also make small y>ds 9 :i* to place ! females1 two or ?ree toge!r1 aft] ! "y animals are born4 ,! mo/ ( ^? :o h tri$ skunk bre$+1 h[ev]1 h n f\nd ?is necess>y1 b !re %\ld always be a sep>ate enclosure = ! males4 ,:5 ! numb] ( animals increases x w be necess>y to h a few small bre$+ y>ds1 l>ge en\gh = t5 or twelve animals4 ,"o ne$ n1 h[ev]1 make su* an elaborate enclosure 9 ! />t b c enl>ge x z ne$$1 add+ m comp>tm5ts4 ,9 ea* comp>tm5t a numb] ( d5s %\ld be made by digg+ a tr5* & cov]+ aft]w>ds4 ,:ile ! animals w dig d5s if necess>y1 !y pref] ev5 :ile 9 a wild /ate to use d5s already made4 ,boxes1 b>rels or p5s ) bo>d floors %\ld n be us$4 ,"s ( ! successful ones claim t ?is has a t5d5cy to cause a ?ick pelt & ?9 fur & say t x is absolutely necess>y t !y h natural d5s 9 ! gr\nd4 ,! d5s %\ld be made q deep s t !re w be no dang] f fro/ 9 w9t]4 ,,fe$+4--,skunks %\ld h pl5ty ( food especially dur+ ! summ] & !y %\ld be f$ at regul> int]vals1 giv+ j en\gh = a meal ea* "t4 ,x is advisable to give a mix$ diet1 p>tly animal & p>tly vegetable4 ,!y w eat almo/ all k9ds ( fle% & fi%1 table scraps1 fruits1 especially if v ripe1 melons1 sweet potatoes1 b]ries1 etc4 ,"o ( ! mo/ satisfactory foods is bread & milk1 b x is consid]$ too exp5sive by "s p4 ,h[ev]1 x c\ld be giv5 occasionally4 ,!y are v fond ( c>rion1 b su* food %\ld n be giv51 = x is likely to cause disease4 ,if ne> a slaught] h\se "o c get pl5ty ( (fal & 9 ! c\ntry "o c buy old1 worn-out horses1 etc41 b "o %\ld rememb] t ! skunk w consume an amaz+ am\nt ( food4 ,"o p>ty claims t ?ree hundr$ skunk w eat two horses 9 a week4 ,9 ! fall especially1 :5 !y are lay+ on fat = w9t]1 !y %\ld h pl5ty ( food4 ,9 w9t] !y d n require s mu*4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t x is a lack ( food t causes !m to eat _! "y & "o %\ld fe$ well dur+ ! spr+ & summ]4 ,skunks fe$ l>gely on insects1 grubs1 etc41 & x is to be regrett$ t "o c n supply ?is food4 ,!y are fond ( eggs1 ei!r fre% or spoil$1 & %\ld be giv5 a fe$ ( ?is k9d occasionally if possible4 ,!y also h a fondness = p\ltry ( all k9ds4 ,! matt] ( provid+ suffici5t food is n z difficult z x w\ld appe> at fir/ glance4 ,if ! f>m is locat$ ne> a l>ge t[n or city1 hotel & re/aurant keep]s w g5]ally save table scraps1 /ale bread1 etc41 on reque/1 if "o w make a regul> habit ( call+ = x4 ,ev5 9 ! c\ntry ! neighbors w help out4 ,! f>m]s w be only too glad to h y take ! dead /ock1 p\ltry1 etc41 ?us sav+ !m ! "t & labor ( o!rwise dispos+ ( x4 ,,bre$+4--,z be=e /at$ ! mat+ season comes late 9 ,febru>y & 9 ,m>* & ! "y animals make _! appe>ance 9 ,may4 ,! p]iod ( ge/ation be+ ab\t n9e weeks4 ,"o male animal w easily s]ve eight or t5 females & he %\ld be left 9 _! company a numb] ( days4 ,aft] t he %\ld be remov$ & to make c]ta91 ano!r male %\ld be in/all$ = a few days4 ,two males %\ld nev] be all[$ ) ! females at "o "t or !y w fight & "o or bo? may be s]i\sly injur$4 ,?is is ! plan :i* is us$ by ! mo/ successful skunk f>m]s & is recomm5d$4 ,great c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 ! selection ( ! males = bre$+ /ock4 ,only ! l>ge & heal?y animals ( good color %\ld be us$ & all o!rs %\ld be kill$ & _! sk9s m>ket$ :ile !y are 9 good condition4 ,:ile ! animals d n always bre$ /rictly true to color1 ! :ite m>k+s may be greatly r$uc$ & ! g5]al /ock improv$ by select$ bre$+4 ,"o %\ld1 ea* ye> secure fre% bre$+ /ock f o!r localities & relat$ animals %\ld n be all[$ to bre$ toge!r or 9 a few ye>s ! result w be disa/r\s4 ,"o c n be too c>eful 9 ?is respect = x is v important4 ,aft] ! mat+ season ! females %\ld be sep>at$1 plac+ ?ree or f\r toge!r 9 small enclosures & !y %\ld be well f$ or o!rwise !y may kill & eat ! "y4 ,!y %\ld be all[$ to rema9 9 ^! small enclosures until ! "y animals are l>ge en\gh to take c>e ( !mselves1 :5 !y %\ld be sep>at$ & ! females may aga9 be plac$ 9 ! l>ge enclosure4 ,,g5]al ,,in=mation4--,f ! comm5cem5t ( ! bre$+ season until late 9 ! fall ! animals require a l>g] am\nt ( food ?an dur+ ! w9t] & especially dur+ ! bre$+ season & :ile ! "m is /ill nurs+ ! "y !y w require pl5ty ( n\ri%+ food4 ,!y require fre% dr9k+ wat] at all times & ! enclosures %\ld be s arrang$ t ea* comp>tm5t w be suppli$4 ,z be=e /at$ "o %\ld use c>e 9 select+ animals = bre$+ purposes z x is 9 ?is way t ! quality ( ! fur w be improv$ & ! bus9ess made to be a pr(itable "o4 ,all small & weak animals & ^? %[+ consid]able :ite fur1 especially males %\ld be kill$ (f :ile ! fur is 9 good condition4 ,if y wi% to increase ! numb] ( animals d n be tempt$ = ! sake ( ! high] prices realiz$ = ! f9] sk9s to kill (f animals t %\ld be kept = bre$+4 ,! animals %\ld nev] be all[$ to become fright5$ by ! intrusion ( dogs into ! enclosure--dogs %\ld be kept away at all times4 ,! skunk rais] mu/ wat* closely at all times to see t ! enclosure f5ces are 9 good %ape s t ! animals d n escape4 ,if !y are f\nd digg+ holes ne> ! f5ce1 ^! holes %\ld be fill$ up s z to disc\rage ! work]s4 ,fleas & o!r p>asites are likely to bo!r ! animals & !y %\ld h pl5ty ( room s t !y c *ange d5s :5 ! old habitations become infe/$ ) v]m94 ,on ! :ole1 "o %\ld /udy ! habits ( ! animals on e opportunity & att5d to _! wants4 ,if "o w give ! prop] att5tion to ! animals & take an int]e/ 9 !m !re is no reason :y he %\ld n succe$4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,m9k ,,rais+4 ,!re is only "o species ( m9k f\nd 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 al?o !re are a numb] ( v>ieties diff]+ 9 size1 color & quality ( fur4 ,?us we f9d 9 ,nor!rn ,ma9e & ,new ,brunswick a v small v>iety hav+ a f9e silky fur ( a v d>k %ade2 f>!r we/ & s\? a some:at l>g] v>iety1 pal] 9 color1 & ?ru\t ! ,mississippi valley & p>ts ( ! s\?1 also p>ts ( ,we/]n ,canada1 a v l>ge m9k is f\nd1 b runn+ q pale1 & ! fur some:at co>s] ?an ! nor!a/]n v>ieties4 ,aga91 on p>ts ( ! ,pacific ,coa/1 a v small & poor] quality are f\nd1 & ! m9k f ! l[] ,yukon ,riv] ( ,alaska are said to be ( v poor quality4 ,"o or m v>ieties are f\nd 9 almo/ e "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,canada & ,alaska4 ,:]ev] !re is runn+ wat] _! tracks may be se52 b !y seem to pref] ! small] /reams1 z a rule1 & !y w be f\nd z pl5tiful 9 ! ?ickly settl$ p>ts z 9 ! wild]ness4 ,m9k are great travel]s1 b ea* individual animal has 8 regul> r\te & seldom v5tures f> out ( 8 c\rse4 ,:ile !y travel /reams & lake %ores z mu* z possible1 !y d n hesitate to leave ! /ream & cut across c\ntry 9 ord] to rea* "s o!r wat]-c\rse4 ,dur+ ! mat+ season !y also w&] away f ! /reams m ?an at o!r times4 ,:ile !y are always f\nd 9 ! neighborhood ( fre% wat]1 !y are n a wat] animal1 & 9 foll[+ a /ream1 always run on ! bank1 b usually z ne> to ! wat] z possible4 ,9 ! ?ickly settl$ di/ricts :]e ! mo/ valuable fur-be>+ animals1 su* z ! silv] foxes1 ott]s1 etc41 are n to be f\nd1 ! m9k is ! mo/ valuable & is eag]ly s\ght by ! trapp]s4 ,! fur is at its be/ dur+ ! fir/ two mon?s aft] x becomes prime1 :i* 9 ! nor? w be ab\t ,novemb] #a/1 & 9 ! s\? p]haps a mon? lat]4 ,aft] ! fir/ two mon?s1 ! fur comm5ces to fade1 especially :]e ! c\ntry is op5 & ! animal is expos$ to ! bright light1 = ! m9k is n1 /rictly1 a nocturnal animal4 ,! d>ke/ sk9s come1 z a rule1 f ! timb]$ p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,:ile ! female is small] ?an ! male1 %e is also d>k]1 & ! sk9s h ab\t an equal value4 ,! food ( ! m9k consi/s mo/ly ( rabbits1 p>tridges1 quail1 squirrels1 muskrats1 mice1 fi%1 frogs1 birds' eggs1 etc4 ,:ile !y w eat /ale meat1 if hungry1 !y pref] /rictly fre% food4 ,occasionally !y w pay a visit to ! p\ltry h\se1 = l mo/ animals ( ! weasel family1 !y h a decid$ lik+ = ! dome/icat$ birds4 ,!y are v fond ( fi%1 & :5 same may be secur$ easily1 !y w kill l>ge numb]s1 m]ely = ! sake ( kill+4 ,!y are active & h>dy little animals1 app>5tly almo/ tireless1 z !y w travel long di/ances 9 a night4 ,!y are p]haps mo/ active dur+ ! fall mon?s1 & 9 ! nor? !y travel v little dur+ ! cold "p ( w9t]4 ,! burr[ or d5 ( ! m9k is usually locat$ 9 ! high bank ( "s /ream1 b !y frequ5tly inhabit des]t$ d5s ( o!r animals1 b always ne> ! wat]4 ,x is 9 ^! d5s t ! female & h] (fspr+ sp5d ! summ] mon?s1 nev] /ray+ f> f home4 ,! fir/ two weeks ( ,m>* is ! m9ks' season = mat+1 & ! "y--f f\r to six--are born ab\t six weeks lat]4 ,:5 conf9$ 9 enclosures :]e ! diet1 wat] & temp]ature are simil> ) ea* animal1 !re is s little diff]5ce 9 ! "t ( mat+ & be>+ _! "y1 t five or six litt]s may make _! appe>ance )9 twelve h\rs ( ea* o!r4 ,! "y are bl9d f f\r to five weeks1 b are v active & z playful z kitt5s4 ,! "m weans !m :5 !y are eight or t5 weeks old4 ,at ab\t f\r weeks ! "m beg9s to fe$ !m meat1 & !y le>n to suck at x be=e !y h tee? to eat x4 ,! "y are f$ by ! "m on frogs1 fi%1 mice1 etc41 until !y are ?ree or f\r mon?s old1 :5 %e leaves !m to %ift = !mselves4 ,! "y soon sep>ate & d _! hunt+ alone4 ,!y d n pair & ! male is a rov] & free lov]4 ,m9k are extremely cleanly & z soon z ! d5 becomes f\l1 ! "m moves ! family to "s o!r ne/4 ,,m9k ,,bre$+4--,!re are a great _m read]s ( ! ,h-,t-,t :o live 9 ! city1 t long = "s way to pr(itably sp5d _! idle "t4 ,i w give a successful way ( bre$+ m9k1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,b\ghton's ,guide3 ,wild adult m9k are almo/ untamable1 b "y ones readily submit to h&l+ & are easily dome/icat$4 ,! "t to secure "y m9k is 9 ,may or ,june :5 !y beg9 to run ) _! dams4 ,! /reams mu/ be quietly wat*$ = m9k trails1 & ^!1 if possible1 track$ to ! ne/4 ,:5 !y leave ! hole1 ! "y ones may be secur$1 or !y may be dug out4 ,^? :o own a bre$+ /ock ( m9k ask v high prices = !m1 b if ! a=esaid plan is c>ri$ out1 x is an easy matt] to get ! "y wild ones4 ,,managem5t ,,( ,,m9k4--,m9k be+ by nature solit>y1 w&]+ animals1 be+ seldom se5 9 company except 9 mat+ season1 x is impossible to re> !m successfully if l>ge numb]s are kept toge!r con/antly2 !re=e1 _! enclosure %\ld be a l>ge "o4 ,! male & ! female %\ld be p]mitt$ to be toge!r frequ5tly f ! middle ( ,febru>y until ! middle ( ,m>*4 ,at all o!r times keep !m entirely sep>ate4 ,ab\t ?is season ! m9k %\ld be all[$ pl5ty ( f9e grass1 :i* !y w c>ry into _! boxes to make _! ne/s out (4 ,a box #c or #d feet long & #ah in*es wide is ! %ape !y pref]4 ,x %\ld be plac$ z f> z possible f ! wat] to prev5t ! m9k f c>ry+ mud & wat] into x4 ,! "y m9k1 :5 fir/ born1 are small & delicate1 de/itute ( any k9d ( fur & mu* resemble "y rats4 ,if ! old m9k is tame1 ! "y ones may be tak5 out ( ! ne/ & h&l$ :5 !y are ?ree weeks old4 ,!y w soon le>n to dr9k milk1 & may be f$ e day4 ,at ?ree weeks ( age !y may be tak5 f _! "m & put into a p5 by !mselves1 & !n !y w soon become v playful1 are pretty1 & make mu* bett] mo!rs ?an !y w\ld if all[$ to run ) ! old "o4 ,! %elt] %\ld be 9 ! %ape ( a long box1 #e or #f feet wide & #c or #d feet high1 set ^u legs1 ) a good floor & ro(4 ,divide into sep>ate ap>tm5ts #f feet long 7long] w\ld be bett]71 ! front ( ea* ap>tm5t to be furni%$ ) a sw++ door ( /rong scre5 wire1 ) h+es at ! top1 & a lat* on ! bottom4 ,a tr\gh #f in*es squ>e1 %\ld run ! entire l5g? ( p5 at re> side2 "o end ( ! tr\gh %\ld be made sev]al in*es l[] ?an ! o!r1 s t ! wat] c\ld be drawn (f4 ,) ?is arrangem5t ! wat] c be turn$ 9 at "o end ( tr\gh1 & be drawn (f & *ang$ z (t5 z desir$4 ,! l[] end ( ! tr\gh %\ld be a little deep] ?an ! o!r end to prev5t ! wat] f runn+ ov]4 ,ea* ap>tm5t is furni%$ ) a box #c feet long & #ac in*es wide4 ,on "o side ( ! box1 & ne> "o end is made a r\nd hole ab\t #d in*es 9 diamet]1 & provid$ ) a slid+ cov]1 s by means ( a /ick x c be op5$ or clos$ f ! outside4 ,?is is s ! m9k c be clos$ up :ile ! p5 is be+ clean$4 ,illu/ration3 ,m9k ,enclosure 9 ,detail4 ,on ! top ( ! box & at ! o!r end %\ld be a door l>ge en\gh to put 9 grass1 /raw1 etc41 = ! ne/1 & take out "y4 ,x is necess>y t !y h an abundance ( pure s(t wat]1 fre% air1 desirable %ade & pl5ty ( ex]cise4 ,^! conditions secure = ! m9k a good quality ( d>k fur & good heal?4 ,bru%1 we$s1 etc41 are all[$ to gr[ up 9 ! y>d1 b n ne> en\gh to ! f5ce to admit ( _! climb+ up & out4 ,! f5ce = ! enclosure %\ld be ( p\ltry nett+ ( "o-in* me%4 ,if ( l>g] me% ! "y animals w escape4 ,! g5]al plan = ! f5ce %\ld be ! same z describ$ "u ! head+1 ,enclosures4 ,!re %\ld be sep>ate ap>tm5ts = ! males & females1 & also "s small] bre$+ p5s4 ,z x is n advisable to attempt h&l+ ! animals1 ea* comp>tm5t %\ld be provid$ ) a small gate s t ! animals may be driv5 f "o p5 to ! o!r4 ,dur+ ! bre$+ season1 & aft]w>ds1 :ile ! "y animals are "u ! c>e ( ! "m1 ! same g5]al me?ods ( h&l+ z is recomm5d$ 9 skunk rais+1 %\ld be adopt$4 ,at all times1 pl5ty ( fre% wat] mu/ be provid$1 & ! enclosures %\ld be s arrang$ t ! wat] w be di/ribut$ to all p>ts4 ,:ile ! m9k is always f\nd ne> ! wat]1 x is n a wat] animal1 z is ! muskrat1 & a l>ge body ( same is n ne$$4 ,a spr+ or a small /ream is all t is ne$$2 & a pond may be dug 9 ea* ( ! l>ge enclosures4 ,c>eful & regul> fe$+ is advis$4 ,! m9k is /rictly a c>nivor\s animal1 & always pref]s fre% food4 ,! matt] ( supply+ suffici5t food w be m difficult ?an 9 ! case ( ! skunk & muskrat4 ,z !y are fond ( fi%1 if "o is ne> a place :]e !y may be obta9$1 ! fe$+ w be comp>atively easy4 ,!y %\ld n1 h[ev]1 be f$ on fi% alone4 ,an occasional f[l w be acceptable1 also rabbit1 muskrat1 etc4 ,! natural home & bre$+ place ( ! m9k is ne> ! wat]4 ,_! d5 is (t5 "u an old /ump1 tree or 9 "s drift pile4 ,! ne/ :]e ! "y are born g5]ally be+ 9 ! gr\nd4 ,:5 ! animals become tame en\gh1 ! rais] %\ld provide d5s simil> to ^? us$ 9 _! wild /ate4 ,^! c be made by bury+ tile 9 ! gr\nd & 9 o!r ways mak+ artificial burr[s4 ,a few holl[ logs plac$ 9 ! enclosure w\ld be enjoy$ by ! animals4 ,_m report t ! males kill ! "y4 ,?is %\ld be gu>d$ aga9/ by keep+ ! males sep>ate4 ,"s hesitate ab\t />t+ a m9k]y = fe> t ! animals w n fur prop]ly4 ,!re is no dang] on t po9t if prop]ly f$1 wat]$ & giv5 homes 9 keep+ ) ^? !y liv$ 9 :5 rov+ at _! own free w4 ,?is only br+s out m =cibly ! fact t ^? :o are go+ to be ! mo/ successful m9k rais]s %\ld h a natural aptitude = ! bus9ess--trapp]s1 hunt]s1 animal lov]s1 etc4 ,:o has made ! greate/ success at rais+ /ock 9 y\r neighborhood--! man :o loves /ock or someone :o ?\ght !y saw a =tune 9 ! bus9ess b nei!r lov$ animals or knew any?+ ab\t !m8 ,we v5ture ! answ]1 )\t fe> ( contradiction1 t x has be5 ! p>ty :o loves & delights 9 /ock4 ,rememb]1 ?is applies to fur animals z well z horses1 %eep & cattle4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,opossum ,,rais+4 ,! opossum is a s\!rn animal & is f\nd 9 abundance 9 mo/ p>ts ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,9 late ye>s !y h be5 mov+ f>!r nor?w>d & are n[ f\nd1 ?\gh n num]\s1 z f> nor? z ,c5tral ,p5nsylvania2 b are f\nd mo/ pl5tifully 9 ! wood$ portions ( ! ,s\?1 :]e !y are su* a common animal z to be well kn[n to all4 ,!y are sl[ mov+ & in(f5sive1 hav+ no means ( def5se :atev]4 ,:5 approa*$1 !y make a great %[ by op5+ ! m\?1 & pres5t a r fi]ce appe>ance1 b :5 t\*$ by man or animal1 !y pret5d to be dead1 & ?is v *>act]i/ic habit has giv5 rise to ! expression1 play+ 'possum4 ,:ile ! opossum is a nocturnal animal1 x is sometimes se5 9 daylight1 b ?is is ( r>e occurr5ce4 ,!y d n hib]nate b w rema9 9 ! d5s dur+ cold wea!r1 & d n l to roam ab\t :5 ! leaves are dry & ru/ly4 ,! d5s are1 z a rule1 locat$ 9 ! gr\nd1 "u a rock1 log or tree1 & are q %all[2 ! ne/ at ! extremity be+ l9$ ) leaves or grass4 ,!y also d5 9 holl[ logs & /umps occasionally1 & 9 natural op5+s 9 rock bluffs4 ,! "y ( ?is animal are born 9 ! la/ half ( ,april & ! beg9n+ ( ,may1 ! numb] ( "y v>y+ f six to twelve1 & sometimes ev5 m4 ,:5 born !y are v small & imp]fectly =m$ & are imm$iately plac$ by ! "m 9 ! p\* on h] belly1 :]e !y rema9 until !y h atta9$ a p]fect =m & h become l>ge en\gh to walk ab\t4 ,aft] be+ plac$ 9 ! p\*1 !y atta* !mselves to ! teats ( ! "m1 & rema9 9 t condition until !y h become l>ge en\gh to move ab\t4 ,on leav+ ! p\*1 !y q (t5 ride ab\t1 :5 tir$1 on ! "m's back1 hold+ fa/ by w9d+ _! tails ab\t t ( ! p>5t4 ,!y w rea* _! full gr[? )9 a ye>1 if ! conditions are favorable--t is1 if !y h pl5ty ( food1 etc4 ,9 captivity1 :5 well c>$ =1 !y atta9 consid]able size by midw9t]4 ,! opossum is omnivor\s1 fe$+ alike on animal & vegetable food1 b x pref]s fle% to fruit4 ,!y fe$ on c>rion1 & on any small animal :i* _! sl[ movem5ts w all[ ( captur+1 also on eggs & "y birds1 = !y are good climb]s4 ,!y are q fond ( wild fruits1 su* z p]simmons1 polk b]ries1 apples & paw-paws2 also ( c]ta9 vegetables1 especially onions4 ,!y also eat mice1 insects1 etc4 ,opossums are hunt$ ext5sively 9 ! ,s\?1 & :5 pursu$ !y usually climb ! ne>e/ tree1 unless !y are close to ! d54 ,z an article ( food !y are highly e/eem$1 especially by ! color$ p1 & f9d a ready sale 9 ! m>ket4 ,:ile ! fur ( ?is animal is n1 /rictly speak+1 a valuable "o1 to ! prospective fur-f>m] x is well wor? consid]+1 especially if locat$ ne> a m>ket4 ,at pres5t prices ! "y animals by midw9t]1 w av]age a doll> ea* 9 value1 :5 sell+ bo? ! sk9 & c>cass4 ,! ease ) :i* !y may be rais$ is also an important factor1 s t on ! :ole1 9 _m sections1 !y w be f\nd to be a pr(itable animal to h&le4 ,opossums are fairly good climb]s & ! enclosure %\ld h a wide /rip ( t9 ar\nd1 z describ$ else:]e 9 ! *apt] on ,enclosures4 ,!y w also gnaw out ( wood5 enclosures if !re is a crack or any *ance to get a />t4 ,!y w readily climb out ( ! enclosure if made ( wood unless cov]$ or at lea/ p>tially cov]$4 ,!re has be5 no bett] or *eap] mat]ial f\nd = con/ruct+ f5ces = opossum rais+ purposes ?an galvaniz$ wire4 ,!y are n mu* giv5 to digg+ & ! wire ne$ n be buri$ v deep 9 ! e>?4 ,if ! gr\nd is solid1 #ah in*es w be deep en\gh4 ,! animals1 if prop]ly f$1 wat]$ & c>$ =1 w soon become accu/om$ to _! qu>t]s1 & make little or no ef=t to escape4 ,! "y w become tame & q playful4 ,! natural home ( ! opossum c be describ$ z s\? ( a l9e drawn we/ f ,new ,york ,city ?r\gh ,p5nsylvania1 ,nor!rn ,ohio & ,indiana1 s\? ( ,*icago1 ?r\gh ,i[a ne> ,des ,mo9es1 & into ,nebraska ne> ,omaha1 ext5d+ ab\t half way into ,nebraska1 !n ,s\? ?r\gh ,kansas1 all ( ,oklahoma & ! l[l&s or ! ,ea/]n half ( ,texas4 ,! opossum is n a cold wea!r animal1 & 9 its wild /ate w\ld freeze if x inhabit$ t]ritory mu* f>!r nor? ?an ! nor!rn b\nd>y ( ! l9e %[n4 ,a sev]e w9t] a few ye>s ago1 is said to h froz5 l>ge numb]s 9 _! d5s 9 ,s\!rn ,ohio1 ,p5nsylvania1 & p>ts ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,indiana & ,ill9ois4 ,9 _! natural or wild /ate1 !y (t5 hole up 9 %all[ d5s1 old logs1 trees1 etc41 & :ile !y are end[$ ) ! in/9ct ( play+ 'possum :5 injur$1 _! in/9ct along o!r l9es seems v %all[1 z !y d n always "k en\gh to get 9 out ( ! cold2 9 o!r words1 on ! approa* ( sev]e w9t] wea!r1 !y d n all seek deep d5s :]e ! gr\nd does n freeze4 ,:ile ! natural home ( ! opossum is 9 ! section z outl9$1 !re is no reason :y !y _c be successfully rais$ hundr$s ( miles nor? ( _! nor!rn limit4 ,! ?+ to gu>d aga9/ w be freez+4 ,! rais] mu/ see t !y h good & deep burr[s--deep en\gh t ! gr\nd w nev] freeze to _! ne/4 ,!y %\ld h pl5ty ( leaves 9 _! ne/4 ,if ! enclosure is 9 a ?icket1 & !re are trees )9 & leaves ne>1 ! animals w no d\bt c>ry an abundance ( leaves into _! d5s = ne/s4 ,if !re are no trees 9 ! enclosure1 see t a supply is furni%$ ea* d5 be=e freez+ wea!r 9 ! ,fall4 ,! opossum is go+ to become "o ( ! important animals 9 fur-f>m+ = v>i\s reasons3 ,!y are prolific bre$]s1 br++ =? f #f to #ab at a litt]2 gr[ rapidly2 are easily f$ & eat a great v>iety ( food4 ,illu/ration3 ,ideal ,spot = an ,opossum or ,raccoon ,fur ,f>m4 ,! opossum rais] has two s\rces ( rev5ue--fur & c>cass4 ,!re is a ready m>ket = ! c>casses 9 all cities4 ,! gr[] %\ld make arrangem5ts ) but*]s & o!rs to take s _m c>casses on a c]ta9 date4 ,! fur is at its be/ f ab\t ,?anksgiv+ to ! middle ( ,febru>y4 ,?anksgiv+1 ,*ri/mas & ,new ,ye>s are ?ree holidays :5 ! fur w be prime & ! meat 9 dem&4 ,9 cities l ,new ,york1 ,bo/on1 ,philadelphia1 ,baltimore1 ,pittsburg1 ,buffalo1 ,clevel&1 ,detroit1 ,columbus1 ,c9c9nati1 ,indianapolis1 ,*icago1 ,milwaukee1 ,omaha1 ,des ,mo9es1 ,kansas ,city1 ,/4 ,l\is1 etc41 a m>ket c be _h 9 ea* = l>ge quantities at ea* ( ^! holidays1 z well z consid]able quantities ea* week dur+ ! w9t] mon?s4 ,9 ! small] places1 f #ejjj up1 !re w be f\nd a dem& = ! meat1 s t ! m>ket = ! c>casses z well z fur1 is "o t w always be op54 ,prices at :i* ! c>casses sell w ( c\rse v>y1 dep5d+ to "s ext5t ^u ! supply ( o!r meats1 z well z ! times1 etc4 ,:5 x is tak5 into consid]ation t ! litt]s are l>ge2 t !y eat *eap food2 _! gr[? is rapid & t ! pelt is extra1 does n ?is animal promise to lead z a money mak] ov] "s ( ! o!r & high] pric$ fur-produc]s8 ,9 ! latitude ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ! "y are born ab\t ! middle ( ,april4 ,9 two mon?s1 or by ,june fifte5?1 !y are ab\t ! size ( rats & always ga9+4 ,six mon?s lat]1 or ,decemb] fifte5?1 if well f$ & c>$ =1 !y w weigh f n9e to fifte5 p\nds4 ,by ?is x w be se5 t at only eight mon?s old--born ,april fifte5? & kill$ ,decemb] fifte5?--!y h atta9$ sizes rang+ f m$ium to l>ge4 ,! males %\ld be kept by !mselves1 at lea/ f ! "t ! "y are born1 until !y are two mon?s ( age or old]4 ,! female1 ) h] l>ge family1 %\ld be giv5 pl5ty ( food f ! "t ! "y are a few days old until wean$1 z %e requires a great deal ( food to satisfy h] crav+s & to supply ! num]\s "y4 ,z ! sev]e wea!r is ov] by ! "t ! "y are born1 v good places = ! old c be made 9 boxes1 old logs & ! l4 ,^! %\ld be s plac$ & con/ruct$ t food c be giv5 to ! female h&ily1 s z n to di/urb h] & ! "y m ?an necess>y4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,muskrat ,,rais+4 ,! muskrat is "o ( our mo/ common fur-be>+ animals & is f\nd 9 great] numb]s ?an any o!r animal1 not)/&+ its fur is v popul> & is gradually increas+ 9 value4 ,muskrats are f\nd ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada1 b = v>i\s reasons are m pl5tiful 9 c]ta9 sections4 ,be+ wat] animals !y are f\nd 9 great] numb]s 9 m>%y places1 on ponds & lakes & sluggi% riv]s1 b also ?rive & are f\nd 9 fair numb]s on ! small] & m rapid /reams4 ,!y are v pl5tiful 9 ,we/]n ,canada & especially 9 ! m>%y c\ntry ly+ we/ ( ,hudson's ,bay4 ,9 ! salt wat] m>%es ( ,delaw>e & ,m>yl& !y are probably f\nd 9 great] numb]s ?an 9 any o!r "p ( ! _w4 ,!re1 hundr$s ( ! h\ses ( ^! little creatures may be se5 9 e direction4 ,x is said t ! value ( ! cat* f ,dor*e/] ,c\nty1 ,md41 w usually run to #bj1jjj a ye> & 9 "s seasons rea*es almo/ to #ej1jjj4 ,! numb] ( animals requir$ to rea* su* a figure mu/ necess>ily be v l>ge & ! numb] ( muskrats f\nd 9 t locality may be judg$ f ! fact t ! op5 season = ^! animals & ! only "t ( ye> :5 !y are trapp$1 is dur+ ! mon?s ( ,janu>y1 ,febru>y & ,m>*4 ,!y are also v pl5tiful 9 ! m>%es along ! we/]n %ore ( ,lake ,erie & ab\t ,lake ,*ampla94 ,!y are n f\nd on p>ts ( ! ,pacific ,coa/ & portions ( ! ,s\? & nev] range s\? ( ! ,/ate ( ,arizona4 ,:ile !re is only "o species ( ! muskrat1 naturali/s f9d sev]al v>ieties diff]+ ma9ly 9 size & color4 ,= in/ance1 !re is ! s\!rn muskrat1 :i* is comp>atively small & is dull sooty 9 color1 f\nd 9 ! l[] ,mississippi ,valley & along ! coa/s ( ,mississippi & ,alabama2 !n !re is ! ,dismal ,swamp ,muskrat ( ! ,dismal ,swamp1 ,va41 :i* is l>g]1 d>k] & ri*] color$ ?an ! common v>iety & has l>g] tee?4 ,9 ,labrador a small & v d>k v>iety is f\nd4 ,! muskrat ( ! ,nor?we/1 :ile ( ! same v>iety z ^? ( ! ,c5tral & ,ea/]n di/ricts1 are small & ?9 sk9n$ & z a consequ5ce are less valuable4 ,:at causes ?is diff]5ce 9 size is n kn[n1 b x is suppos$ to be due ei!r to ! pres5ce ( alkali 9 mo/ ( ! ,nor?we/]n wat]s or to ! scanty & poor quality ( its natural food4 ,illu/ration3 ,fur ,f>m on ,op5 ,gr\nd ne> a ,f>mh\se4 ,! popul>ity ( muskrat fur is on ! increase1 :ile l>ge numb]s are export$ to =eign c\ntries1 x is be+ m & m us$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada4 ,at pres5t x is mu* us$ = l9+ ladies coats & its ri* appe>ance :5 us$ 9 ?is way seems c]ta9 to increase its popul>ity4 ,x is also dy$ & is !n kn[n z electric seal & ,fr5* seal4 ,! great dem& = ! fur dur+ ! pa/ two seasons has result$ 9 su* p]si/5t hunt+ & trapp+ t ! numb] ( animals 9 _m sections has decreas$ visibly & z a consequ5ce ! spr+ cat* has be5 comp>atively light4 ,j be=e ?is book w5t to press1 consid]able inquiry 0 made ab\t ! supply ( raw fur ! pa/ season4 ,! g5]al report 0 t ! cat* ( ,spr+ ,rats 9 #aiji 0 p]haps n m ?an #be :at x 0 ! ye> prior4 ,! fall cat* ( #aijh & ! w9t] cat* ( #aijh-i 0 q heavy4 ,f ?is x appe>s t ! high prices ( muskrat dur+ ! mon?s ( ,octob]1 ,novemb] & ,decemb]1 #aijh1 caus$ an unusual numb] ( hunt]s & trapp]s to seek ^! animals4 ,! consequ5ce be+ t !y 7 caught (f mu* clos] ?an ev] be=e4 ,to fur!r be> ?is out1 deal]s say t 9 _m ( ! ,c5tral ,/ates :]e la/ ye> !y collect$ #bj1jjj dur+ ,m>* & ,april1 ?is ye> !y only secur$ #djjj or #ejjj4 ,trapp]s say t !re are v few muskrats left 9 c]ta9 localities4 ,?is %[s t cont9u$ trapp+ w practically ext]m9ate ! muskrat4 ,along ! ,atlantic ,coa/ s\? f ,new ,york = hundr$s ( miles ! m>%es along ! coa/1 bays1 riv]s & creeks are lit]ally alive ) muskrats4 ,! m>% own]s f>m out ! rat cat*+ privileges1 usually on ! halves4 ,! ,/ate ( ,delaw>e protects ! rats "s eight or n9e mon?s ea* ye>4 ,!re are laws 9 sev]al o!r /ates protect+ ^! animals4 ,a few /ates prohibit ! de/roy+ ( rat h\ses at all times4 ,:ile hundr$s ( p foll[ rat cat*+ along ! m>%es ! own]s & /ate see t en\gh are left = bre$+ & repl5i%+ ! m>%es4 ,!y get _! food f ! flags & o!r we$s l>gely1 :i* fl\ri% 9 ^! swamps4 ,fifty acres ( swamp has be5 kn[n to furni% #bjjj rats or fifty p] acre ye> aft] ye>4 ,9 ?is section black muskrats are n uncommon1 ! cat* "s seasons runn+ z high z #dj black1 b z a rule x is l[]4 ,:at causes ?is /range color phase is unkn[n4 ,black muskrats are met ) occasionally 9 o!r sections b n[h]e is ! proportion z l>ge z along ! ,ea/ ,coa/4 ,:at nature 9 a way does = ! muskrat 9 ! ,ea/]n swamps1 fur rais]s c help to accompli% 9 hundr$s ( localities ?r\gh\t ,am]ica4 ,!re are scores ( ponds1 small lakes1 swamps1 etc41 9 practically all /ates :]e ! muskrat is f\nd t c be made to yield l>ge pr(its f muskrats4 ,!y are easily rais$1 9 fact1 w raise !mselves if giv5 half a *ance4 ,!re is no d\bt :atev] t ! fur ( ?is animal w /eadily increase 9 value4 ,:ile !re w be fluctuations z 9 ! pa/1 we d n believe t prices w ev] g z l[ z !y 7 "s ye>s ago4 ,our conclusions 9 ?is are bas$ on ! fact t ! cat* is gr[+ small] & ! popul>ity ( furs = we>+ app>el & especially muskrat fur1 is /eadily increas+1 also ! population ( all c\ntries gr[s l>g] ea* ye> & !re is b\nd to be a /eady dem& = furs4 ,ano!r ?+ wor?y ( consid]ation is ! fact t ! fle% ( ! muskrat has become a v popul> di% 9 _m ( ! ,ea/]n cities & !re is a m>ket = ! c>cass ( ! animal4 ,! trapp]s ( ,m>yl& & ,delaw>e f9d ready sale = ! fle%4 ,! muskrats f\nd on ! ,ea/ ,coa/ z well z ^? f\nd 9 ! m>%es & ! %all[ lakes & ponds ( o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry are ( ! h\se build+ k9d4 ,x %\ld be und]/ood1 h[ev]1 t ! muskrat liv+ 9 h\ses & ^? liv+ 9 burr[s 9 ! banks ( /reams are ! same v>iety1 _! diff]5t1 /yles ( habitation be+ due to ! diff]5t conditions ( _! respective locations4 ,:]e /reams are swift or :]e !re is dang] ( ! h\ses be+ c>ri$ away by fre%ets1 !y dig burr[s 9 ! bank1 mak+ ! entrance bel[ ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,^! burr[s ext5d sometimes tw5ty-five or ?irty feet into ! bank & ! int]ior *amb] is sometimes q l>ge4 ,along ! /reams ( ! f>m+ sections1 mu* damage is done by muskrats because ( ^! burr[s4 ,! h\ses ( ! m>%-dwell]s are compos$ ( grass & flags1 grass roots1 mud1 etc4 ,!y are ( cone %ap$ /ructure & to ^? unacqua9t$ ) ! animals1 !y are simply piles ( grass & we$s 9 ! wat]1 = t is :at !y resemble4 ,! entrances to ^! h\ses are always deep "u wat]4 ,x is said t ! muskrats build _! h\ses ) ?ick] walls :5 !y feel in/9ctively t an unusually sev]e w9t] is approa*+4 ,illu/ration3 ,muskrat ,h\se 9 a ,m>%4 ,9 addition to ! h\se ! animals build small fe$+ places ne> by4 ,^! fe$ b$s z !y are call$1 are con/ruct$ 9 ! same way z ! h\ses1 b only rise to ! level ( ! wat]4 ,^! b$s are ! d9+ rooms ( ! muskrats1 = to !m !y br+ all ( _! food s t !y may h a place to re/ :ile !y are enjoy+ _! meal4 ,!y also h l ! raccoon1 a habit ( wa%+ _! food be=e !y w eat x4 ,! muskrat is a veget>ian & seldom eats any animal food4 ,9 ! wild /ate _! natural food is grass & roots1 fruit1 gra9 & clams or mussels4 ,!y are also fond ( p>snips1 c>rots1 arti*okes1 :ite flag roots1 wild rice1 pond lily roots1 sweet corn & pumpk91 & w eat almo/ all k9ds ( vegetables4 ,x w be se5 t 9 captivity ! food problem w\ld be easily solv$4 ,!y are v fond ( wild rice1 & ^? :o h ponds suitable = muskrats & are contemplat+ ! rais+ ( ^! animals w\ld d well to s[ !m ) wild rice4 ,! rice may be obta9$ f almo/ any ( ! se$ h\ses & x w gr[ 9 six or eight feet ( wat]4 ,!y are also fond ( pumpk9s & x is a *eap & satisfactory food4 ,"s ( !m w lay up /ores ( food = w9t]1 b !y d n all d ?is4 ,:]e ! /reams are rapid !y c get out to hunt = food at almo/ all times1 & :]e !y are locat$ on lakes & m>%es t freeze ov] 9 w9t] !y c f9d pl5ty ( food 9 ! wat] "u ! ice4 ,?is food is tak5 to ! fe$ b$ to be eat54 ,9 e>ly spr+ ! w>m? f _! bodies w sometimes ?aw a hole ?r\gh ! ice ov] ! b$ & ! muskrat /ops ?is hole ) grass roots1 etc4 ,! trapp] is look+ = j su* places & x is ! bun* ( grass roots on ! ice t gives !m away4 ,! /eel trap is soon 9 place1 await+ ! com+ ( ! animal1 & _m ( !m are trapp$ 9 ?is way4 ,! bre$+ habits ( ! muskrat are diff]5t f ^? ( o!r fur-be>+ animals1 z !y w h ?ree litt]s 9 a season4 ,! fir/ are born 9 ,april1 & !re w be f six to n9e "y4 ,x is claim$ t ! female ( ! fir/ litt] w also be> "y t season & ?is acc\nts = ! small rats1 or kits1 caught dur+ ! fall season4 ,x w\ld appe> f ?is t ! animals %\ld increase 9 numb]s v rapidly1 b !y h _m enemies o!r ?an man1 & p]haps "o-half ( ! muskrats born 9 a season nev] rea* maturity4 ,) ! exception ( man1 _! greate/ enemies are ! birds ( prey1 su* z owls1 hawks1 buzz>ds1 etc41 b *iefly ! owl1 z x is a nocturnal bird & has a f9e opportunity to capture ! unw>y4 ,! fox frequ5tly makes a capture1 z does also ! m9k & ott]4 ,x is a deplorable fact t !re is a l>ge proportion ( small animals 9 ! trapp]'s cat*4 ,^! are ! "y muskrats1 = :ile !y gr[ rapidly ! fir/ summ]1 x requires sev]al ye>s = !m to atta9 full size1 yet !y class z ,no4 #a ! fir/ season4 ,! old animals are l>g] & _! fur is m valuable ?an t ( ! "y4 ,= ^? :o raise ! animals !re w\ld be less tr\ble f cat*+ "y & immature rats4 ,muskrats d n become fully prime until midw9t] & _m ( !m are n /rictly numb] "o until ,m>*4 ,:5 fully prime ! sk9 w be ( a cream or p9k color1 ) no d>k spots %[+4 ,w9t] caught sk9s w h a numb] ( d>k spots1 :ile ^? tak5 9 ! fall h a v pron\nc$ /ripe or two on ! back4 ,along ! ,atlantic ,coa/ = _m ye>s l& own]s h r5t$ ! rat cat*+ privileges to ratt]s on %>es1 :i* is g5]ally "o-half ( ! cat*4 ,! ratt]s only trap :5 ! fur is at its be/1 s t ! supply is hold+ out4 ,on l&s free = all ! rats are ?9n$ out4 ,dur+ rec5t ye>s1 prop]ty own]s 9 v>i\s rat produc+ sections h awak5$ to ! fact t _! swampy l& is ( m value = ! animal fur h>ve/ ?an = any o!r purpose4 ,muskrats are easily rais$ & increase rapidly4 ,!y (t5 make _! homes 9 ! banks ( canals1 fi% ponds1 etc41 com+ f ne>by wat]s ( _! own accord4 ,^! places seem to be ideal places = muskrats & in/ead ( _! leav+ !y rema9 ye> aft] ye>1 ev5 ?\gh !y are trapp$ & ! prop]ty own]s resort to o!r means endeavor+ to get rid ( !m4 ,muskrats are n afraid ( civilization1 & d well 9 ?ickly settl$ sections :]e !re are riv]s1 creeks1 lakes1 ponds1 m>%es1 etc4 ,!y seem to d well 9 _! natural /ate :]e !y h wat] & fe$ & on "s ponds hundr$s are caught annually4 ,z already m5tion$1 ^! animals ne$ little c>e4 ,if ! wat]s :]e ! animals are is naturally productive ( muskrat food1 ! animals w take c>e ( !mselves unless ! numb]s are too l>ge & !y consume ! entire food supply4 ,! rais]s %\ld gu>d aga9/ ?is by fe$+1 z ! natural supply %\ld be protect$ s z to help furni% ! food supply ye> aft] ye>4 ,lakes1 ponds1 etc41 t ab\nd 9 wild rice1 flags1 lilies1 etc41 make an ideal home = muskrats1 z !y are fond ( bo? ! wild rice se$ & roots1 z well z ! roots ( flags & lilies1 on :i* !y fe$ :5 ! surface is froz5 ov]4 ,arti*okes %\ld also be />t$1 z muskrats are fond ( !m4 ,^? :o expect to raise ?is fur-be>] %\ld take into consid]ation t little or no f5c+ is requir$ on lakes1 ponds & creeks if prop] fe$ gr[s !re4 ,if ! fe$ is n !re ! prospective rais] %\ld see t x is />t$ at once by s[+ wild rice se$1 transplant+ "s flags & lily roots to 8 muskrat wat]s4 ,9 fact1 ! prospective muskrat rais] %\ld h ! food supply well "u way be=e ! rats are br\ght or secur$ or !y w de/roy x4 ,!re are no d\bt hundr$s ( places t c be conv]t$ into ideal muskrat pres]ves by a little "w4 ,l[1 m>%y l& on :i* ! wat] is n deep en\gh to be damm$4 ,su* a place w\ld require a wire f5ce ar\nd x4 ,p]haps ! be/ way w\ld be to place ! f5ce sev]al rods back f ! wat]1 z !re w\ld !n be no dang] ( ! animals burr[+ "u4 ,! f5ce %\ld be ( five-foot wire1 "o foot 9 ! gr\nd4 ,:]e ! f5ce crosses any inlets or outlets1 ! wire %\ld be put mu* deep] = two rods or m on ea* side & x w\ld be well to place flat /ones 9 ! bottom ( ! tr5*1 z %[n & describ$ 9 ! *apt] on ,enclosures4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,raccoon ,,rais+4 ,! raccoon is closely alli$ to ! be>s1 al?\gh mu* small]4 ,l !m x possesses an omnivor\s appetite1 is plantigrade1 & hib]nates dur+ cold wea!r4 ,x is f\nd ?r\gh\t ! ,s\!rn1 ,c5tral & ,ea/]n ,/ates1 & 9 ,s\!rn ,ont>io & ,nova ,scotia4 ,x is also f\nd 9 good numb]s on ! ,pacific coa/1 nor?w>d into ,briti% ,columbia2 b !y are f\nd 9 greate/ numb]s 9 ! extreme ,s\? ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & especially 9 ,florida1 ,l\isiana & ! l[l&s ( ,arkansas & ,texas4 ,_! natural home is 9 ! heavily timb]$ p>ts1 b !y are also f\nd 9 ! sp>sely wood$ bottom l&s ( ! ,c5tral ,/ates4 ,!y d51 z a rule1 9 holl[ trees1 well up f ! gr\nd1 & seldom if ev] 9 a tree :i* has a cont9u\s holl[ & an op5+ at ! bottom1 pref]r+ a holl[1 brok5 (f limb1 or a hole 9 ! trunk1 high up on ! tree4 ,9 "s places !y d5 9 natural caves 9 ! rocks1 & 9 ! we/]n "p ( _! range1 x is said t !y sometimes occupy d5s 9 "s high & dry bank ( e>?4 ,dur+ ! mat+ season ! males travel consid]ably1 & w1 :5 daylight approa*es1 seek a place ( re/ 9 any holl[ tree t is to be f\nd1 or fail+ to f9d ?is1 may sp5d ! day 9 a holl[ log or "u a /ump4 ,! mat+ season comes ma9ly1 late 9 ,febru>y or e>ly 9 ,m>*1 & ! "y1 f f\r to six 9 numb]1 are born 9 ,april & ! beg9n+ ( ,may4 ,!y rema9 ) ! p>5ts = "s "t dur+ ! summ]1 b w f9d a d5 = !mselves z soon z possible4 ,h[ev]1 !y w be f\nd1 ! fir/ season1 9 ! ne> vic9ity ( ! p>5ts' d54 ,! food ( ! coon is v>iable1 to con=m ) conditions ( diff]5t sections1 b :]ev] f\nd1 !y fe$ on bo? vegetable & animal food4 ,fi%1 frogs1 crawfi%1 clams1 eggs ( birds1 & turtles2 wat] snails1 wild fruits1 su* z grapes & b]ries1 nuts1 acorns1 etc41 are all eat5 ) a reli%4 ,!y are especially fond ( corn :5 9 ! milky /ate1 & 9 late summ] !y fe$ on x ext5sively4 ,!y are fond ( p\ltry1 also ( honey1 & w dig out ! ne/s ( bumble bees :5 !y f9d !m1 = ! sake ( ! little bit ( sweet :i* is f\nd !re94 ,!y are nocturnal animals & are seldom se5 by daylight4 ,9 _! travels !y foll[ ! /reams mo/ly1 & cat* fi% by feel+ "u ! /ones 9 %all[ wat]4 ,:5ev] possible1 !y wa% _! food be=e eat+4 ,! raccoon has a peculi> cry1 :i* is he>d sometimes1 on /ill nights1 dur+ ! summ]4 ,x is a quav]+ note some:at resembl+ t ( ! scree* owl1 b l[] & s(t]1 & seems to come f a di/ance1 ?\gh really close by4 ,to "o inexp]i5c$ 9 ! ways ( ?is animal1 ! cry w\ld n be recogniz$4 ,! fur ( ! raccoon meets ) ready sale at fair prices1 & !re is also sale = ! fle% 9 _m m>kets4 ,!re is consid]able diff]5ce 9 color 9 individual animals1 "s ( !m be+ v d>k1 & o!rs q pale4 ,( c\rse ! nor!rn animals are m heavily furr$ ?an ^? ( ! s\?4 ,! d>k] & l>g] specim5s1 z a rule1 are secur$ 9 ! nor!rn /ates--,new ,york1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,nor!rn ,ohio1 ,nor!rn ,indiana1 ,nor!rn ,ill9ois1 ,mi*igan1 ,wiscons91 ,m9nesota & ! ,nor?we/4 ,! greate/ numb]s1 b small] & light] color$1 are secur$ f ! s\!rn /ates1 ^? bord]+ on ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 ,t5nessee1 ,arkansas1 ,miss\ri1 & ,k5tucky4 ,:ile raccoon c be rais$ 9 ne>ly all p>ts ( ,am]ica1 ! be/ furr$ specim5s c only be rais$ :]e ! climate is productive ( good fur1--say nor? ( #dj degrees4 ,?is w\ld be on a l9e pass+ ?r\gh ,philadelphia1 s\? ( ,pittsburg1 j nor? ( ,columbus1 ?r\gh ,c5tral ,indiana & ,ill9ois1 nor!rn ,miss\ri1 b\nd>y betwe5 ,kansas & ,nebraska1 nor? ( ,d5v]1 & on to ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,x is n meant t coon _c be pr(itably rais$ s\? ( ?is l9e indicat$1 = !y c4 ,! *ances1 h[ev]1 are t f> s\? ( ! l9e m5tion$1 ! sk9s w\ld n be z valuable & be+ ne>] ! coon-produc+ section1 !re w\ld n be z ready a m>ket = ! c>casses4 ,! coon rais] %\ld secure good d>k males & females = bre$+ purposes1 f nor!rn sections4 ,if unable to d ?is1 a good male or two cross$ ) ! females1 w\ld help to produce l>g] & d>k] animals4 ,?is is important1 z ! l>g] & d>k] ! pelt1 ! m valuable1 & ! l>g] ! c>cass ! m x br+s4 ,t raccoons d well 9 captivity is well kn[n f ! _m kept 9 zoos1 p>ks1 etc4 ,c\ntless numb]s h be5 caught :ile "y1 :5 !y soon become tame & int]e/+ pets4 ,ev5 ^? caught :5 gr[n1 soon become accu/om$ to _! own]s & keep]s4 ,!y c be h&l$ & become amus+ pets4 ,!y "k /rang]s & w (t5 put _! paws ov] _! eyes & look betwe5 _! toes1 ?9k+ p]haps1 t ! /rang] _c see !m1 :ile _! paws are ov] _! eyes4 ,l>ge numb]s ( raccoons c\ld be rais$ by f5c+ 9 a piece ( woods1 embrac+ a few acres1 ) a creek runn+ ?r\gh4 ,if ! f5ce 0 consid]able di/ance f ! edge ( ! woods1 x is d\btful if ! animals w\ld make mu* ef=t to escape4 ,! places !y w\ld be apt to frequ5t ! mo/1 w\ld be :]e ! /ream ent]$ & left ! enclosure4 ,at ^! places ! f5ce %\ld be extra high1 /rong & secure4 ,! raccoon & opossum f>m] h a d\ble advantage :]e _! f>m is situat$ ne> a city4 ,fir/1 if ! fur f>m is "o conta9+ a l>ge numb] ( animals1 ! supply+ ( food w be q a problem & ! city (f]s a means ( pl5ty & *eap food = y\r animals1 su* z (fals f slaught] h\ses & o!r fe$4 ,second1 ! city (f]s a m>ket = ! meat at kill+ "t4 ,:ile raccoon w eat decay$ meat to "s ext5t1 x %\ld be furni%$ !m fre%1 9 :i* condition x is mu* bett] = !m4 ,mo/ animals w eat c>rion1 yet x is d\btful if x is advisable to fe$ :5 9 su* condition4 ,putrid fle% is unheal?y & "s claim1 causes fur-be>+ animals to become affect$ ) mange4 ,raccoon are naturally a clean animal1 & 9 _! wild /ate are p>ticul> t _! food is clean4 ,!y seldom1 if ev]1 eat left-ov] food or fle% t has become ta9t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,b>rel ,%elt] = ,female & ,"y4 ,t raccoon rais+ promises well is borne out f ! fact t !y are easily h&l$1 eat a v>iety ( food easily secur$1 & _! fur & meat bo? h a ready ca% m>ket4 ,! pelt ( a full gr[n & d>k raccoon is wor? f #a4jj to #b4jj1 dep5d+ ^u ! section2 to ?is add f #dj;c to #ge;c = ! c>cass & x w be se5 t ! raccoon br+s to its own] #a4dj to #b4ej or upw>ds4 ,?is price is = ! bett] grade4 ,! small] & light] color$ sk9s f ! m s\!rly sections1 w p]haps only br+ two-?irds z mu*--#ge c5ts to #a4ej = ! pelts & #be to #ej c5ts = ! c>cass4 ,at :at o!r bran* ( f>m+ is !re great] pr(it8 ,no "o is go+ to become imm5sely ri* at coon rais+ 9 a few ye>s1 b if !y ent] ! bus9ess & give ! same att5tion & c>e to x t !y w\ld to p\ltry1 %eep1 horses & cattle1 !re is reason to believe t ! pr(its w be z l>ge if n l>g]4 ,aga91 ! p]son :o loves ! h&l+ ( fur-be>+ animals w be mak+ 8 liv+ at ! bus9ess he enjoys mo/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fur ,f>m on ,op5 ,gr\nd4 ,^? :o expect to raise coon 9 a small enclosure1 %\ld h ! wire turn$ 9 sev]al feet at ! top1 or ! *ances are !y w foll[ along ! "u side to ! edge & ?us escape4 ,9 ! enclosure = raccoon1 ! /rip ( t9 ar\nd ! f5ce "s ?ree or f\r feet high is /rongly recomm5d$4 ,!re %\ld be "s logs1 d5s1 & l[1 bran*y trees = ! animals to play 9 is to _! lik+4 ,! m homelike _! enclosure1 ! soon] !y become cont5t$4 ,?is means t !y gr[ fa/]1 :i* is all to ! f9ancial int]e/ ( ! coon rais]4 ,an enclosure ( sev]al acres = coon1 tak+ 9 trees suitable = d5s1 c\ld be us$ = fox rais+ z well4 ,! coon w\ld raise _! "y 9 ! d5 trees & !re=e w\ld n bo!r ! foxes1 z ^? hav+ "y w\ld be 9 p5s4 ,! male foxes hav+ access to ! entire enclosure might /eal ! fe$ = ! female coon left at ! roots ( ! d5 trees4 ,%\ld !re be tr\ble on ?is po9t1 ! food c\ld be plac$ on a plat=m aga9/ ! body ( ! tree out ( rea* ( ! foxes4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,beav] ,,& ,,ott]4 ,^! two v important fur-be>+ animals 7 once q num]\s ?r\gh\t practically ! :ole ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada1 b because ( ! p]si/5cy ) :i* !y 7 hunt$1 h become r>e 9 _m ( ! sections :]e !y 7 once f\nd 9 abundance4 ,especially is ?is true ( ! beav]4 ,almo/ all ( ! /ates 9 :i* beav]s are /ill f\nd1 z well z ! v>i\s prov9ces ( ,canada1 h made laws to protect ^! animals1 b !y are /ill hunt$ & trapp$1 & ! day is n f> di/ant :5 ! beav] w be ext9ct4 ,! ott] is a m w>y animal ?an ! beav]1 & z a consequ5ce w l+] )9 ! b\nds ( civilization long aft] ! beav] has disappe>$1 b = all ?is !y are becom+ v r>e 9 mo/ ( ! settl$ sections4 ,z ^! animals bo? belong to diff]5t ord]s & _! habits are entirely diff]5t1 x w be necess>y to take up ea* sep>ately4 ,,! ,,beav]4--,z be=e m5tion$1 ! beav] has become ext9ct 9 _m sections :]e x 0 once f\nd1 & at pres5t !y are practically conf9$ to ,canada1 ,alaska1 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates & ! ,we/]n m\nta9 regions4 ,a few are /ill f\nd 9 ! m isolat$ portions ( ! ,s\?1 b !re !y are q r>e except 9 a few small sections4 ,?ru\t ! ,c5tral & _m ( ! ,ea/]n & ,s\!rn ,/ates1 !y h entirely disappe>$4 ,!re is only "o species ( ! beav]1 b !re are sev]al v>ieties1 all ( :i* are v mu* alike 9 appe>ance & ! habits ( all are ! same1 except :]e x is *ang$ because ( diff]5ce 9 food1 climate1 etc4 ,! beav] has always be5 an int]e/+ animal1 n only to ^? directly int]e/$ 9 furs1 b to all o!rs1 & practically ev]ybody kn[s some?+ reg>d+ ! habits ( ! animal4 ,"o ( _! mo/ rem>kable habits is t ( build+ dams on ! /ream1 or at ! outlet ( ! pond or lake on :i* !y are locat$4 ,^! dams are int5d$ to regulate ! height ( ! wat]4 ,!y w v>y f two to five feet 9 height1 & f tw5ty to "o hundr$ y>ds 9 l5g?1 accord+ to ! size ( ! /ream & ! nature ( ! %ores4 ,! dams are compos$ ( /icks & *unks ( wood1 /ones1 sods1 etc4 ,!y always wat* ! dam closely & keep x 9 repair1 & ea* fall x is /r5g!n$ by add+ new mat]ial4 ,9 addition to ! ma9 dam !re are1 z a rule1 "o or m small] dams built l[] d[n /ream4 ,:at ^! small dams are = is n kn[n = a c]ta9ty1 b sometimes1 :5 ! l[] dam backs ! wat] up to ! l>ge "o1 ! beav]s w1 9 ! fall aft] ! ice has =m$1 dig a passage ?r\gh ! upp] dam1 :i* all[s ! wat] to fall & leaves an air space betwe5 ! wat] & ! ice1 & x is p]haps = ?is reason t ! small] dams are con/ruct$4 ,some:]e on ! edge ( ! pool :]e ! wat] is n too deep1 ! beav]s make _! lodge1 or h\se4 ,^! h\ses sometimes rise eight feet above ! wat] & w measure fifte5 feet 9 diamet]4 ,!y are con/ruct$ ( ! same mat]ials z us$ = ! dam1 & are always repair$ & /r5g!n$ be=e freez+ wea!r comes4 ,!re are two entrances to ! h\se & !y are always locat$ deep "u wat]4 ,! food ( ! beav] consi/s pr9cipally ( b>k ( popl>1 bir*1 will[1 cottonwood1 ald] & wild *]ry4 ,!y are also fond ( ! roots ( ! wat] lily4 ,9 ! ,s\? x is said t !y q (t5 fe$ on corn1 :5 locat$ ne> ! f>ms4 ,!y w\ld d\btless eat _m k9ds ( roots & vegetables if same c\ld be procur$4 ,9 "s few sections1 :]e ! nature ( ! /ream is su* t h\ses & dams are n a success1 ! beav]s live 9 holes 9 ! bank ( ! /ream & are call$ bank beav]s2 h[ev]1 !y are ! same v>iety z ! h\se build+ k9d4 ,9 ! ,nor!rn di/ricts1 :]e ! ponds are cov]$ ) ice six mon?s ( ! ye>1 ! beav]s sp5d ! entire w9t] "u ! ice4 ,= ?is long p]iod ( imprisonm5t !y mu/ lay up a l>ge /ore ( food4 ,?is food consi/s ( small1 gre5 sapl+s & bru%1 cut into suitable l5g?s & /or$ "u wat]1 9 front ( ! h\se4 ,!y eat only ! b>k & ! peel$ /icks are us$ to repair ! h\se & dam4 ,! "y beav]s are born 9 ,april & ,may & !re are usually only two at a bir?1 b sometimes !re w be ?ree4 ,^! "y animals rema9 two ye>s ) ! p>5ts1 s t a full family w consi/ ( ! two old ones1 two or ?ree m$ium size & two or ?ree small beav]s4 ,h[ev]1 !re are ba*elor beav]s1 old males :o always live alone1 & h a small h\se some:]e along ! %ore ( a /ream or pond4 ,x 0 ! beav] t 0 mo/ s\ght by ! e>ly trapp]s1 = ! fur 0 m 9 dem& ?an ! fur ( any o!r animal4 ,at pres5t x is n z popul> z 9 days ( old1 b we d n believe t its value w decrease1 z ! cat* becomes light] ea* succe$+ ye>4 ,! sk9s d n become prime z e>ly z ^? ( "s o!r animals1 b are 9 good condition 9 advance ( ! muskrat4 ,! fur ( ! beav]1 ott]1 muskrat & be> rema9s 9 good condition until late 9 ! spr+4 ,dur+ ! summ] mon?s _m ( ! beav]s travel ab\t on ! /reams & if a h\se is f\nd at ?is "t x may be des]t$1 or at ! be/1 only "o or two animals w be f\nd !re4 ,z fall approa*es1 !y all return to ! lodge & f t "t until ! wat] is froz5 !y w be h>d at "w lay+ up ! w9t]'s /ore ( food4 ,,! ,,ott]4--,! ott] is occasionally met ) 9 almo/ all p>ts ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 9 "s places fairly pl5tiful1 9 o!rs v r>e1 b !y are f\nd 9 greate/ numb]s 9 ! swamps ( "s ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 & 9 ! wild] portions ( ,canada1 ,alaska & ,newf\ndl&4 ,!re are two species1 ! common ott] & ! sea ott]1 :i* latt] is only f\nd 9 ! ,nor? ,pacific & is n[ q r>e4 ,( ! common ott] !re are "s ?ree or f\r v>ieties1 diff]+ only 9 size & color4 ,! habits ( ! ott] are v little kn[n by ! av]age man1 & _m ( ! trapp]s "k little ab\t ?is animal4 ,!y are rambl+ animals1 travel+ ! /reams & lakes = great di/ances4 ,!y w travel sometimes t5 or fifte5 miles to visit "s c]ta9 lake & p]haps w only /ay !re ov] night4 ,aga91 if undi/urb$1 !y may rema9 = a mon? or m on "s small pond4 ,!y are on v fri5dly t]ms ) ! beav] & w frequ5tly sp5d sev]al weeks or mon?s ) a beav] family1 app>5tly liv+ 9 ! same h\se4 ,if an ott] kn[s ! location ( two or m families ( beav]s1 x w sp5d practically all ( its "t ) "o or o!r ( ! beav] families1 or may make frequ5t visits f "o to ! o!r4 ,! ott] is an exce$+ly active animal & is s mu* at home 9 ! wat] t x is able to cat* fi% ) ease1 & !y are its pr9cipal food4 ,:]e fi% are pl5tiful1 !y w kill !m m]ely = pleasure1 & :at !y c n eat1 !y w /ore up 9 "s little bay or inlet along ! %ore4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 are n plac$ !re = future use1 z ! ott] w only eat food t is /rictly fre%4 ,besides fi%1 !y also eat l>ge numb]s ( frogs1 :i* are easily secur$4 ,!y also eat muskrats & sometimes surprise ^! animals by com+ up into ! h\ses f bel[1 ?us prev5t+ ! inmates f escap+4 ,! ott] does n travel mu* on l&1 except :5 cross+ c\ntry f "o lake or /ream to ano!r4 ,_! bodies be+ long & _! legs %ort1 walk+ is1 = !m1 r difficult & _! mode ( locomotion is a s]ies ( plung+ leaps4 ,on ! sn[ or ice !y move along rapidly by ?r[+ !mselves =w>d1 slid+ on _! bellies4 ,!y are v playful animals & sometimes amuse !mselves by slid+ d[n a slipp]y bank4 ,!y also h l&+ places :]e !y g to roll 9 ! leaves & grass4 ,9 ! spr+ !y (t5 lay = h\rs on "s old log by ! side ( ! /ream1 bask+ 9 ! w>m sun4 ,!y c rema9 a long "t "u wat]1 & 9 w9t] travel long di/ances "u ! ice1--9 fact1 !y pref] to travel ?is way :5ev] possible4 ,! home ( ! ott] is a burr[ 9 ! bank ( a /ream1 ! entrance "u wat]4 ,at ! end ( ! burr[ is a ne/ l9$ ) leaves & grass4 ,!y also1 sometimes1 d5 9 holl[ logs & ! trunks ( holl[ trees4 ,! d5s are always locat$ 9 ! mo/ seclud$ places1 z f> z possible remov$ f dang] ( discov]y4 ,! "y are born 9 ,april or ,may & ! numb] is f two to f\r4 ,) reg>d to rais+ ! beav] & ott] = pr(it1 we w say t !re has be5 comp>atively few attempts at ! bus9ess & we are unable to get any au!ntic data ) reg>d to ^! exp]im5ts4 ,h[ev]1 ! animals d well 9 captivity1 9 zoos1 & :5 kept by private individuals1 z pets1 & x is our op9ion t if "o w b g sl[ly & le>n ! habits & nature ( ! animals1 a fair degree ( success may be atta9$4 ,x %\ld be und]/ood t conditions mu/ be favorable & ! animals %\ld be giv5 a range z ne>ly l _! natural home z possible4 ,( c\rse1 "o c\ld n make a success ( rais+ beav]s 9 an op5 field4 ,!y mu/ h wood$ l& :]e _! natural food1 quak+ asp5 7sometimes popl>71 bir*1 will[1 cottonwood1 ald]1 is pl5tiful4 ,a pool on "s quiet little /ream1 bord]$ by a l>ge tract ( =e/1 w\ld be ! prop] place4 ,beav]s are n giv5 to roam+1 except dur+ ! summ] mon?s1 & 9 su* cases !y always return to _! home be=e cold wea!r comes4 ,we believe t ! animals c\ld n be rais$ successfully by any ( ! plans recomm5d$ = ! re>+ ( o!r fur-be>+ animals1 b %\ld simply be plac$ 9 a l>ge enclosure1 9 ! prop] location1 & all[$ to take c>e ( !mselves4 ,! animals w bre$ p]fectly )\t any att5tion & !re w be no dang] ( !m kill+ _! (fspr+1 z is ! case ) o!r fur be>]s4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! beav] & ! ott] w d well 9 ! same enclosure1 = 9 ! wild /ate !y are v sociable & are fond ( "o ano!r's company4 ,if ott]s are kept 9 an enclos$ pond1 x w be necess>y to keep !m suppli$ ) food1 & p]haps ! be/ way w\ld be to keep ! ponds /ock$ ) live fi% & frogs4 ,) ! beav] ! matt] ( provid+ food is m simple1 z x w only be necess>y to make ! enclosure :]e _! natural food is f\nd 9 abundance4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,kill+1 ,,sk9n+ ,,& ,,/ret*+4 ,:5 kill+ "t comes1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to n fright5 ! animals left = bre$+ purposes m ?an is absolutely necess>y4 ,all animals t are tame en\gh %\ld be driv5 into a sep>ate enclosure & out ( sight ( ! o!rs be=e be+ kill$4 ,p]haps z good a me?od ( kill+ z any is to use a good club1 /rik+ on ! head j ov] ! eyes or e>s4 ,! above me?od is n = skunk1 z !y %\ld be kill$ )\t ! enclosure becom+ s /rongly sc5t$4 ,a pole sev]al feet long ) a /rong loop on ! end c be slipp$ ov] _! head & well back on ! neck4 ,! animal c n[ be lift$ cle> (f ! gr\nd & c>ri$ :]ev] ! kill+ is desir$4 ,if ! kill] does n m9d a little p]fume he knocks !m on ! head1 or if a b>rel ( wat] is h&y !y c be dr[n$ & few sc5t4 ,! dr[n+1 h[ev]1 is n recomm5d$1 z x takes ! fur h\rs to dry & is !re=e extra "w4 ,"s ev5 claim t ! wat] spoils ! lu/] ( ! fur to a c]ta9 ext5t4 ,"s animals1 su* z coon & skunk1 d n leave _! d5s dur+ sev]e wea!r1 s t x is advisable to beg9 select+ ^? t are to be kill$ days & ev5 weeks 9 advance ( ! "t decid$ ^u4 ,^! %\ld be plac$ 9 an enclosure or p5 by !mselves s t ! rema9+ ones w n be di/urb$4 ,ev5 ^? animals t come out to _! fe$ regul>ly dur+ ! cold days %\ld be h&l$ 9 a simil> mann] s z n to di/urb ^? to be kept4 ,! animals t are to be kept = bre$+ purposes ne$ n be f$ s heavily dur+ ! w9t] mon?s or aft] ^? t 7 int5d$ = m>ket h be5 kill$4 ,( c\rse 9 ! spr+ aft] ! females h "y1 !y mu/ be f$ heavily4 ,"s rais]s1 z soon z ! "y are wean$1 select ^? t are to be kill$ ! com+ w9t]1 keep+ !m sep>ate f ! bre$+ /ock s t !y c be f$ prop]ly4 ,t is a great sav+ ( food1 z ^? = m>ket %\ld be f$ mu* m ?an ! bre$]s at ?is season--say dur+ ! mon?s ( ,septemb]1 ,octob] & ,novemb]4 ,mu* importance %\ld be atta*$ to ! sk9n+ & /ret*+ ( all k9ds ( sk9s s z to comm& ! highe/ comm]cial value4 ,! ott]1 foxes1 m>t51 m9k1 opossum1 civet & skunk %\ld be cas$1 t is1 tak5 (f :ole4 ,comm5ce ) ! knife 9 ! c5t] ( "o h9d foot & slit up ! inside ( ! leg1 up to & ar\nd ! v5t & d[n ! o!r leg 9 a l mann]4 ,cut ar\nd ! v5t1 tak+ c>e n to cut ! lumps or gl&s 9 :i* ! musk ( c]ta9 animals is secret$2 !n /rip ! sk9 f ! bone ( ! tail ) ! aid ( a split /ick gripp$ firmly 9 ! h& :ile ! ?umb ( ! o!r h& presses aga9/ ! animal's back j above4 ,make no o!r slits 9 ! sk91 except 9 ! case ( ! skunk or ott]1 ^: tails require to be split1 spread1 & tack$ on a bo>d4 ,turn ! sk9 back ov] ! body1 leav+ ! pelt side out & ! fur side inw>d1 & by cutt+ a few ligam5ts1 x w peel (f v readily4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to cut closely ar\nd ! nose1 e>s & lips1 s z n to te> ! sk94 ,! beav] & raccoon %\ld be sk9n$ op52 t is1 ripp$ up ! belly f v5t to *9 aft] ! foll[+ mann]3 ,cut across ! h9d leg z if to be cas$ & !n rip up ! belly4 ,! sk9 c !n be remov$ by flay+ z 9 sk9n+ a beef4 ,_m inexp]i5c$ trapp]s /ret* coon sk9s too long & draw out ! head & neck4 ,?is c be avoid$4 ,coon c be cas$ b mo/ deal]s pref] to h !m /ret*$ op54 ,y %\ld h ab\t ?ree sizes ( /ret*+ bo>ds = m9k & fox4 ,= m9k !y %\ld be #d-a_/b in*es d[n to #c in*es & = fox f #f-a_/d in*es d[n to #e in*es wide2 9 l5g? ! fox bo>ds may be #d feet & ! m9k bo>ds #c feet4 ,! bo>ds %\ld tap] slightly d[n to )9 #h in*es ( ! end = fox1 & !n r\nd$ up to a r\nd po9t4 ,! m9k bo>ds %\ld be r\nd$ at #d or #e in*es f ?is po9t4 ,y w v>y ! %ape ( ! bo>d 9 proportion to ! wid?4 ,/ret*+ bo>ds %\ld n be m ?an #c_/h in* ?ick4 ,h ! bo>ds smoo? & ev5 on ! edges4 ,o!r /ret*+ bo>ds %\ld be made 9 proportion to ! size & %ape ( ! animal ^: sk9 is to be /ret*$4 ,y %\ld n fail to remove all ! fat & fle% f ! sk9 imm$iately aft] ! sk9 is on ! bo>d4 ,if a sk9 is wet :5 tak5 f ! animal1 x %\ld be drawn lightly on a bo>d until ! fur is q dry4 ,!n turn ! sk9 fle% side out & /ret*4 ,d n dry sk9s at a fire nor 9 ! sun1 nor 9 smoke4 ,x (t5 burns !m1 :5 !y w n dress & are ( no value4 ,dry 9 a well-cov]$ %$ or t5t :]e !re is a free circulation ( air1 & nev] use any prep>ation1 su* z alum & salt1 z x only injures !m = m>ket4 ,nev] /ret* ! noses out long1 z "s trapp]s are incl9$ to d1 b treat !m z above describ$1 & !y w comm& bett] values4 ,fur buy]s & deal]s are incl9$ to class long nos$ sk9s z s\!rn & pay a small price = !m1 z s\!rn sk9s are s mu* light] ?an ^? ( ! nor?1 9 fur4 ,foxes ( ! v>i\s k9ds %\ld be cas$ & put on bo>ds fur side 9 = a few days1 or until dry4 ,z ! pelt is ?91 !y soon dry1 :5 !y mu/ be tak5 (f & %\ld be turn$ fur side out4 ,9 %ipp+1 see t !y are n pack$ aga9/ furs fle% side out4 ,skunk %\ld be cas$ fur side 91 & /ret*$ on bo>ds = sev]al days4 ,! :ite /ripe cut out1 black5$1 etc41 r$uces ! value4 ,m9k %\ld be cas$ fur side 9 & /ret*$ on bo>ds = sev]al days or until dry4 ,muskrat %\ld be /ret*$ fur side 91 & a few days on ! bo>d w be suffici5t4 ,!y are left z tak5 (f1 t is1 fur side 94 ,cut ! tails (f :5 sk9n+--!y are wor?less4 ,opossum are /ret*$ on bo>ds fur side 9 & are left 9 t condition aft] remov+ ! bo>ds4 ,cut ! tails (f :5 sk9n+--!y h no value4 ,raccoon %\ld be /ret*$ op5 7ripp$ up ! belly71 & nail$ on bo>ds or ! inside ( a build+4 ,"s deal]s all[ z mu* = coons cas$1 f any section1 :ile o!rs pref] t only ,s\!rn coon1 if any1 be cas$4 ,ott] are cas$ & /ret*$ fur side 94 ,! pelt be+ ?ick & heavy1 takes sev]al days to dry prop]ly4 ,!y are %ipp$ fle% side out4 ,beav] are split b /ret*$ r\nd & %\ld be left 9 ! hoop or /ret*] = sev]al days4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,de] ,,f>m+4 ,?is *apt] is f ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 #ccj1 issu$ ,july #bh1 #aijh1 by ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture & writt5 by ,d4 ,e4 ,lantz1 ,assi/ant1 ,biological ,survey4 ,! t]m de] is "h us$ 9 its g5]al s5se1 9 :i* x includes ! elk1 ! re9de] or c>ib\1 ! moose & o!r species1 besides ^? usually ref]r$ to z de]4 ,u4 ,s4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,agriculture1 ,,bureau ,,( ,,biological ,,survey1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,june #c1 #aijh4 ,,sir3 ,i h ! honor to transmit ! accompany+ manuscript on ! subject ( ,de] ,f>m+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & to recomm5d its publication z ,f>m]s' ,bullet9 ,no4 #ccj4 ,z a result ( ! gr[+ sc>city ( game animals 9 ?is c\ntry ! supply ( v5ison is :olly inadequate to ! dem&1 & ! "t seems opportune = develop+ ! indu/ry ( de] f>m+1 :i* may be made pr(itable alike to ! /ate & ! individuals engag$ !re94 ,! rais+ ( v5ison = m>ket is z legitimate a bus9ess z ! gr[+ ( beef & mutton1 & /ate laws1 :5 prohibitory1 z _m ( !m are1 %\ld be s modifi$ z to enc\rage ! indu/ry4 ,fur!rmore1 de] & elk may be rais$ to advantage 9 =e/s & on r\gh1 bru%y gr\nd unfitt$ = ei!r agriculture or /ock rais+1 ?us utiliz+ = pr(it mu* l& t is n[ wa/e4 ,an add$ advantage is t ! bus9ess is well adapt$ to l&[n]s ( small means4 ,respectfully1 ,c4 ,,h>t ,,m]riam1 ,*ief ,biological ,survey4 ,,hon4 ,,james ,,wilson1 ,secret>y ( ,agriculture4 ,,introduction4 ,! pres5t bullet9 discusses briefly ! economic possibilities ( rais+ de] & elk 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is believ$ t :5 ! re/rictions n[ impos$ by ,/ate laws are remov$ ?is bus9ess may be made an important & highly pr(itable indu/ry1 especially s9ce x w be ! means ( utiliz+ mu* o!rwise unproductive l&4 ,! rais+ ( v5ison %\ld be1 & is naturally1 z legitimate a bus9ess z ! gr[+ ( beef or mutton1 & ,/ate laws %\ld be s modifi$ z to p]mit ! produc]1 :o has /ock$ a pres]ve ) de] at private exp5se1 to dispose ( 8 product at any "t1 "u reasonable regulations1 ei!r = bre$+ purposes or = food4 ,! gr[+ sc>city ( game mammals & birds 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ?reat5$ ext9ction ( "s ( !m ov] l>ge p>ts ( _! pres5t ranges make ! pres]vation ( ! remnant highly important4 ,v important also is ! increase ( ?is remnant s z to make game once m abundant4 ,x is believ$ t by means ( intellig5t game propagation1 bo? by ! /ates & by private ent]prise1 _m ( our deplet$ ranges c be re/ock$ ) big game4 ,,importance ,,( ,,! ,,de] ,,family4 ,! memb]s ( ! de] family 7,c]vidae7 rank next to ! cattle & %eep family 7,bovidae7 9 g5]al utility1 & are ! mo/ important ( ! big game animals ( ,am]ica4 ,:]ev] obta9able 9 quantity ! fle% ( de] ( diff]5t k9ds has always be5 a /aple article ( diet1 & "u pres5t m>ket conditions x is h>dly necess>y to say t v5ison is p]haps ! mo/ important game1 be+ a favorite ) epicures & also hav+ a wide use z a sub/itute = beef & mutton1 :i* meats x resembles 9 texture1 color1 & g5]al *>act]i/ics4 ,its flavor is di/9ctive1 ?\gh x sugge/s mutton r ?an beef4 ,9 *emical composition x is v simil> to beef1 ?\gh1 judg+ f available data1 x is n s fat z /all-f$ cattle4 ,! foll[+ figures %[ h[ x comp>es ) beef & mutton3 ,a lean v5ison roa/ be=e cook+ has be5 f\nd to conta9 on an av]age #ge p] c5t ( wat]1 #bj p] c5t ( prote9 or nitrog5\s mat]ial1 & #b p] c5t ( fat2 a lean beef rump1 "s #fe to #gj p] c5t ( wat]1 #bj to #bc p] c5t ( prote91 & #e to #ad p] c5t ( fat2 a lean leg ( mutton1 #fg p] c5t ( wat]1 #ai p] c5t ( prote91 & #ac p] c5t ( fat4 ,v5ison1 beef1 & o!r common meats are v ?or\ghly dige/$1 :atev] ! me?od ( cook+4 ,v5ison may be roa/$1 broil$1 pan-broil$1 or us$ = mak+ /ews1 9 mu* ! same way z beef4 ,v5ison1 p>ticul>ly /eak1 to be at its be/1 %\ld be eat5 z soon z possible aft] x is cook$4 ,! g5]al popul>ity ( v5ison is s great & ! dem& = x s widespread t ov]-production is improbable4 ,! o!r products ( ! de]--sk9s & horns--are ( consid]able importance1 & 9 c\ntries :]e de] are abundant & especially :]e l>ge h]ds are kept 9 semi-dome/ication1 ! comm]ce 9 bo? is v ext5sive4 ,,! ,,dome/ication ,,( ,,de]4 ,a numb] ( species ( ! de] family h be5 prov$ to be susceptible to dome/ication4 ,! re9de]1 h[ev]1 is ! only "o t has be5 br\ght fully "u ! control ( man4 ,! fact t ! ,european r$ de] & ! fall[ de] h be5 br$ 9 p>ks = c5turies )\t dome/ication does n prove t !y are less susceptible to ! process ?an ! re9de]4 ,! purposes = :i* !y h be5 held captive & ! environm5t giv5 !m h be5 m>k$ly diff]5t4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 also1 t few attempts h be5 made to re> & dome/icate de] "u intellig5t managem5t4 ,! "w has be5 l>gely a matt] ( *ance exp]im5t4 ,if !y _h be5 z long "u c>eful managem5t z cattle1 !y w\ld n[1 probably1 be equally pla/ic 9 ! h&s ( a skillful bre$]4 ,b rais+ de] = pr(it does n necess>ily imply _! complete dome/ication4 ,!y may be kept 9 l>ge pres]ves ) surr\nd+s z ne>ly natural z possible & _! dome/ication entirely ignor$4 ,?us ! bre$] may reap ne>ly all ! pr(it t c\ld be expect$ f a dome/ic h]d1 :ile ! animals escape mo/ ( ! dang]s incid5t to close captivity4 ,b ! bre$] :o aims at ! ultimate dome/ication ( ! animals1 & ^: h]d approa*es ne>e/ to true dome/icity1 w 9 ! end be mo/ successful4 ,,species ,,to ,,be ,,select$ ,,= ,,bre$+4 ,! numb] ( species ( de] suit$ = bre$+ 9 inclosures 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is great1 ?\gh ! *ances = success are by no means ! same = all4 ,z a rule ^? native to ,am]ica are to be pref]r$1 s9ce !y are already acclimat$4 ,9 select+ any species1 simil>ity betwe5 its natural habitat & t to :i* x is to be transf]r$ mu/ be consid]$4 ,important1 also1 is its adaptability to v>i$ conditions1 z %[n by =m] attempts to acclimatize x4 ,unless !y h %[n a peculi> adaptability to su* *ange1 de] %\ld n be tak5 f arid p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to humid p>ts4 ,to a disreg>d ( ?is pr9ciple are probably due _m ( ! failures t h att5d$ exp]im5ts 9 bre$+ ! ,am]ican antelope1 ! ,columbia blacktail de]1 ! moose1 & o!r animals 9 places diff]+ widely f _! natural ranges4 ,! hi/ory ( attempts to acclimatize ! sev]al k9ds ( de] %[s t "s readily adapt !mselves to a great v>iety ( conditions1 & ef=ts to introduce !m into new c\ntries h be5 almo/ uni=mly successful4 ,su* has be5 ! exp]i5ce ) ! axis de]1 ! ,japanese & ,pek9 sikas1 ! r$ & ! fall[ de] ( ,europe1 & especially ) ! wapiti1 or ,rocky ,m\nta9 elk1 & ! ,virg9ia de]4 ,:ile exp]im5ts ) ! =eign species nam$ (f] e promise ( success to ! own]s ( ,am]ican pres]ves1 !re are obvi\s reasons = recomm5d+ ! two native animals j m5tion$ z be/ suit$ = ! production ( v5ison 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,! ,,wapiti1 ,,or ,,rocky ,,m\nta9 ,,elk4 ,! ,wapiti 7,c]vus canad5sis71 includ+ two relat$ species & a geographic race1 & kn[n 9 ,am]ica z ! elk1 is1 next to ! moose1 ! l>ge/ ( our de]4 ,x 0 once abundant ov] ! great] "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :5ce its range ext5d$ nor?w>d to ab\t latitude #fj deg4 9 ! ,peace ,riv] region ( ! int]ior ( ,canada4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! limits ( its range ea/w>d 7 ! ,adirondacks1 we/]n ,new ,j]sey1 & ea/]n ,p5nsylvania2 s\?w>d x rea*es ! s\!rn ,allegh5ies1 nor!rn ,texas1 s\!rn ,mexico1 & ,arizona2 & we/w>d ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,= ! practical purposes ( ?is bullet9 all ! =ms ( ! wapiti are treat$ z a s+le species4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! range ( ^! animals has s f> dim9i%$ t !y occur only 9 a few scatt]$ localities outside ( ! ,yell[/one ,national ,p>k & ! m\nta9\s c\ntry surr\nd+ x1 :]e l>ge h]ds rema94 ,small] h]ds /ill occur 9 ,colorado1 we/]n ,montana1 ,idaho1 ea/]n ,oregon1 ,manitoba1 ,alb]ta1 ,briti% ,columbia1 & ! coa/ m\nta9s ( ,wa%+ton1 ,oregon1 & nor?we/]n ,cali=nia4 ,a b& ( ! small ,cali=nia valley elk /ill inhabits ! s\!rn "p ( ! ,san ,joaqu9 ,valley4 ,! h]ds t summ] 9 ! ,yell[/one ,national ,p>k & 9 w9t] spread s\?w>d & ea/w>d 9 ,wyom+ are said to numb] ab\t #cj1jjj head1 & con/itute ! only l>ge b&s ( ?is noble game animal t are left4 ,al?\gh protect$ 9 _! summ] ranges & p>tially safegu>d$ f de/ruction 9 w9t] by ! ,/ate ( ,wyom+1 !re is yet great dang] t ^! h]ds may p]i% f lack ( food 9 a succession ( sev]e w9t]s4 ,p>tial provision = w9t] =age has be5 made )9 ! ,national ,p>k1 b ! supply is inadequate = ! l>ge numb] ( animals4 ,fur!r safegu>ds are ne$$ to place ! ,wyom+ elk h]ds beyond ! rea* ( w9t] />vation4 ,9 addition to ! wild h]ds1 !re are a consid]able numb] ( elk 9 private game pres]ves & p>ks1 z well z 9 ne>ly all ! public zoological p>ks & g>d5s ( ?is c\ntry4 ,! h]ds 9 captivity =m ! nucleus f :i*1 "u wise managem5t1 "s ( ! =m] ranges ( ?is animal may be re/ock$ & f :i* a pr(itable bus9ess ( gr[+ elk v5ison = m>ket may be develop$4 ,at ! pres5t "t ?is species af=ds a mo/ promis+ field = v5tures 9 bre$+ = pr(it4 ,habits ( ,elk4 ,! elk is bo? a br[s+ & a graz+ animal4 ,:ile x eats grasses freely & has be5 kn[n to subsi/ entirely ^u pa/ure1 x seems to pref] a mixture ( grass & br[se4 ,! elk is extremely polygam\s4 ,! adult bulls %$ _! antl]s annually 9 ,m>* or ,april1 & new ones atta9 _! full size 9 ab\t n9ety days4 ,! velvet adh]es until ab\t ,augu/4 ,:ile ! horns are gr[+ ! bulls usually lead solit>y lives2 b e>ly 9 ,septemb]1 :5 ! horns are fully matur$1 ! rutt+ season beg9s4 ,fights = supremacy !n take place1 & ! victor takes *>ge ( z _m c[s z he c r\nd up & control4 ,! p]iod ( ge/ation is ab\t #h-a_/b mon?s4 ,! female does n usually bre$ until ! ?ird ye>1 & produces b "o calf at a "t4 ,al?\gh ! elk is less prolific ?an ! common de] & "s o!r species t h be5 br$ 9 p>ks1 x increases fully z rapidly z ! common r$ de] ( ,europe4 ,moreov]1 x makes up = any lack ( fecundity by its sup]ior h>d9ess & ease ( managem5t4 ,x has be5 acclimatiz$ 9 _m p>ts ( ! _w1 & %[s ! same vigor & h>d9ess :]ev] x has be5 transplant$4 ,9 ,europe x has be5 successfully cross$ ) ,altai wapiti & ! r$ de]1 & 9 bo? in/ances ! (fspr+ 7 sup]ior 9 size & g5]al /am9a to ! native /ock4 ,elk ,v5ison4 ,! fle% ( ! elk1 al?\gh some:at co>se1 is sup]ior 9 flavor to mo/ v5ison4 ,t ( ! bulls is 9 its be/ condition ab\t ! "t ! velvet is %$4 ,by ! "t ! rut is ov]1 9 ,octob]1 _! fle% is 9 ! poore/ condition4 ,z ! op5 season = elk is usually 9 ,octob] & ,novemb]1 & only bulls are kill$1 x foll[s t hunt]s (t5 obta9 ! v5ison :5 x is poore/4 ,! meat is n be/ :5 fre%ly kill$1 b %\ld be left hang+ = f\r or five days be=e x is us$4 ,( c\rse fat elk are bett] eat+ ?an lean1 & x is said t v5ison f ca/rat$ bulls is sup]ior to any o!r4 ,dome/ication ( ,elk4 ,) few exceptions ! e>ly attempts to dome/icate elk 7 made by m5 :o 7 weal?y en\gh to disreg>d all ?\ght ( pr(it 9 rais+ !m4 ,!y 7 usually plac$ "u ! c>e ( s]vants & ! bucks 7 left unca/rat$ until !y became old & unmanageable4 ,soon ! s]i\s problem ( controll+ !m outweigh$ ! novelty ( _! possession1 & "o by "o attempts at dome/ication 7 ab&on$4 ,a desire to pres]ve ?is important game animal has caus$ a r5ewal ( attempts to bre$ x 9 conf9em5t1 & at pres5t !re are small h]ds "u private own]%ip 9 _m places 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,biological ,survey has rec5tly obta9$ mu* in=mation f own]s ( h]ds 9 reg>d to _! exp]i5ce 9 bre$+ & re>+ ! animals1 & also _! op9ions z to ! possibility ( mak+ ! bus9ess ( rais+ !m pr(itable4 ,( ab\t a doz5 successful bre$]s1 ne>ly all are ( ! op9ion t rais+ elk = m>ket c be made remun]ative if pres5t laws z to ! sale ( ! meat are modifi$4 ,illu/ration3 ,elk 9 ,enclosure4 ,%elt] 9 ,backgr\nd4 ,"o especially important fact has be5 develop$ by ! reports f bre$]s4 ,x is t ! elk readily adapts itself to almo/ any environm5t4 ,ev5 )9 ! n>r[ conf9es ( ! paddocks ( ! ord9>y zoological p>k ! animal does well & increases s t p]iodically ! h]ds h to be r$uc$ by sales4 ,! fulle/ reports t h be5 receiv$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture f bre$]s ( elk are f ,george ,w4 ,russ1 ( ,eureka ,spr+s1 ,ark41 ?r\gh ,h4 ,n4 ,v9all1 ( ! ,bureau ( ,plant ,indu/ry4 ,mr4 ,russ has a h]d ( #cd elk4 ,!y h ample range 9 ! ,oz>ks on r\gh l& cov]$ ) h>dwood =e/ & abundant und]bru%4 ,! animals improve ! =e/ by cle>+ out "p ( ! ?icket4 ,!y fe$ on buds & leaves to a height ( #h feet1 & any gr[? "u ?is is liable to be elim9at$ if ! range is re/rict$4 ,if n closely conf9$1 elk d n eat ! b>k f trees1 nor d !y eat ev]gre5s4 ,9 cle>+ out und]bru% f ?ickets !y are m useful ?an goats1 s9ce !y br[se high]4 ,goats1 h[ev]1 eat clos] to ! gr\nd2 & z ! two animals get along well toge!r1 ,mr4 ,russ recomm5ds ! use ( bo? = cle>+ up bru%y l& & fitt+ x = tame grasses4 ,! increase ( elk "u dome/ication is equal to t ( cattle4 ,fully #ij p] c5t4 ( ! females produce heal?y "y4 ,an adult male elk weighs f #gjj to #a1jjj p\nds2 a female f #fjj to #hjj p\nds4 ,! p]c5tage ( dress$ meat is great] ?an ) cattle1 b1 ow+ to ho/ile game laws1 exp]i5ce 9 m>ket+ x is v limit$4 ,an (f] ( #dj c5ts a p\nd = dress$ meat 0 receiv$ f ,/4 ,l\is1 b ! law w\ld n p]mit its export4 ,mr4 ,russ says3 ,f ! fact t z high z #a4ej p] p\nd has be5 paid = ?is meat 9 ,new ,york ,city & ,canada1 & t ! be/ hotels & re/aurants pron\nce x ! f9e/ ( all ! meats ( mammals1 we are ( ! op9ion t if laws 7 su* t dome/icat$ elk meat c\ld be furni%$ x w\ld be _m ye>s be=e ! supply w\ld make ! price reasonable comp>$ ) o!r meats4 ,elk meat c be produc$ 9 _m sections ( ?is c\ntry at less co/ p] p\nd ?an beef1 mutton1 or pork4 ,mr4 ,russ ?9ks t l>ge areas ( r\gh l&s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates n n[ utiliz$1 especially 9 localities l ! ,oz>ks & ! ,alleghanies1 c\ld be economically us$ to produce v5ison = sale1 & he reg>ds ! elk z especially suit$ = ?is purpose4 ,ano!r feature ( ,mr4 ,russ's report is ( m ?an pass+ int]e/4 ,he says3 ,we f9d f long exp]i5ce t cattle1 %eep1 & goats c be graz$ 9 ! same lots ) elk1 provid+1 h[ev]1 t ! lots or inclosures are n small2 ! l>g] ! area ! bett]4 ,we "k ( no m appropriate place to call att5tion to ! great b5efit ( a few elk 9 ! same pa/ure ) %eep & goats4 ,an elk is ! natural enemy ( dogs & wolves4 ,we suff]$ great losses to our flocks until we le>n$ ?is fact2 s9ce !n we h _h no loss f t cause4 ,a few elk 9 a ?\s&-acre pa/ure w absolutely protect ! flocks !re94 ,our own dogs are s well aw>e ( ! dang] 9 our elk p>k t !y c n be induc$ to ent] x4 ,judge ,caton1 9 8 ,antelope & ,de] ( ,am]ica1 also rem>ks on ! animosity ( elk t[>d dogs1 & says t ! does always lead 9 ! *ase ( dogs t get into ! elk p>k4 ,if elk w attack & vanqui% dogs & coyotes & ?us help to protect dome/ic animals graz+ 9 ! same pa/ures1 a k ( ! fact may be ( great advantage to /ockm5 :o desire to give up h]d+ %eep & resort to f5c$ pa/ures in/ead4 ,! addition ( a few elk 9 ! pa/ure may be an effici5t protection f dogs1 coyotes1 & wolves4 ,h[ev]1 outside ( f5c$ pa/ures elk d n always %[ !mselves ho/ile to dogs & coyotes4 ,managem5t ( ,elk 9 ,inclosures4 ,lor5zo ,/ratton1 ( ,little ,valley1 ,catt>augus ,c\nty1 ,n4 ,y41 began exp]im5ts 9 bre$+ elk ab\t sixty ye>s ago4 ,8 plan ( managem5t consi/$ ess5tially 9 tam+ ! calves :5 v "y & cont9u+ ! pett+ process ) ! entire h]d4 ,he visit$ ! animals daily 9 ! pa/ure & always c>ri$ da9ties to fe$ !m4 ,z ! bulls became old & develop$ signs ( vici\sness1 !y 7 ca/rat$1 y\ng] animals be+ us$ = bre$+4 ,he ?us develop$ a ?or\ghly dome/icat$ h]d4 ,= economic reasons1 x is n always possible to foll[ ,mr4 ,/ratton's plan4 ,^? :o gr[ ! animals = v5ison & 9 l>ge pres]ves w\ld f9d x impracticable to tame all ! calves4 ,h[ev]1 if elk or de] are gr[n = /ock+ p>ks or private pres]ves1 ! tam] !y are ! easi] x w be to h&le & %ip !m4 ,,range4--,9 *oos+ a range = elk1 ! natural food supply is important4 ,!y ?rive be/ 9 pres]ves hav+ a v>iety ( food plants--grasses1 bu%es1 & trees4 ,r\gh l&s1 well wat]$ ) cle> /reams & hav+ "s =e/$ area1 are well adapt$ to _! ne$s4 ,ab\t z _m elk c be kept on su* a range z cattle on an equal area ( fair pa/ure4 ,!re %\ld be ?ickets en\gh to furni% w9t] br[se1 b ?is %\ld be supplem5t$ by a supply ( w9t] =age4 ,,food4--,except :5 deep sn[s cov] ! gr\nd1 elk w keep 9 good condition on ord9>y pa/ure & br[se2 b a sy/em ( managem5t t provides o!r food regul>ly w be f\nd m satisfactory4 ,hay & corn fodd] are excell5t w9t] =age2 b alfalfa hay has prov$ to be ! be/ dry food = bo? elk & de]4 ,a little oats or corn--:ole or *opp$--may be f$ ea* day4 ,elk are fond ( corn1 & fe$+ x af=ds excell5t opportunities = w9n+ _! confid5ce & tam+ !m4 ,! same may be said ( salt1 :i* %\ld be furni%$ lib]ally to all de] kept 9 inclosures4 ,runn+ wat]1 al?\gh n ess5tial1 is ( great importance 9 ma9ta9+ elk 9 good condition4 ,,f5ce4--,elk are mu* less n]v\s ?an ord9>y de]1 & less dispos$ to jump f5ces4 ,:5 !y escape f an enclosure !y usually return ( _! own accord4 ,if tame1 !y may be driv5 l cattle4 ,ord9>ily1 a #e-;foot f5ce ( any k9d w conf9e elk4 ,h5ry ,b9n+1 ( ,cora1 ,wyo41 writes u t a #d-;foot wov5-wire f5ce is ample = ^! animals4 ,a small enclosure 9 :i* a vici\s bull elk is to be kept %\ld be high] & ( /rong] mat]ial4 ,mr4 ,russ's report1 already p>tly quot$1 /ates t :]e lumb] = po/s is *eap a good elk f5ce may be built = #bjj a mile4 ,b ! actual co/ w1 ( c\rse1 v>y greatly accord+ to /yle1 price ( labor1 ne>ness to m>ket1 & o!r circum/ances4 ,,co/ ,,( ,,/ock4--,! co/ ( /ock+ an elk pres]ve is n great4 ,usually surplus /ock f zoological p>ks or small private pres]ves may be obta9$ at l[ co/1 v>y+ ) ! imm$iate dem& = ! animals4 ,at times !y h sold = less ?an #bj a head1 & ) ! pres5t re/rictions on sale1 l[ prices are likely to cont9ue4 ,a few ye>s ago ,t4 ,j4 ,wilson1 ( ,lewisburg1 ,ohio1 paid #afe = ?ree animals4 ,a ,mi*igan bre$] rec5tly (f]$ to deliv] a doz5 head1 sex & age n giv51 all f9e specim5s1 = #ejj4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 a l[ price1 n m ?an cattle w\ld br+ & less ?an ! v5ison w\ld be wor? if x c\ld be sold4 ,if re/rictions on ! sale & %ipm5t ( v5ison f private pres]ves 7 remov$1 prices ( ! /ock w\ld1 ( c\rse1 soon advance1 & necessitate a great] outlay 9 />t+ ! bus9ess4 ,,vici\s ,,male ,,elk4--,! male elk is ord9>ily docile1 b 9 ! rutt+ season ! old] ones (t5 become ill-temp]$ & dang]\s4 ,sev]al trag$ies connect$ ) attempts to dome/icate elk are matt]s ( hi/ory4 ,"o 0 record$ by ,judge ,caton 9 8 ,antelope & ,de] ( ,am]ica z hav+ occurr$ 9 8 own p>k4 ,ano!r took place at ,bull ,city1 ,osborne ,c\nty1 ,kans41 9 ,octob] #ahgi1 & result$ 9 ! in/ant dea? ( ,g54 ,h4 ,c4 ,bull1 ! mortal w\nd+ ( two o!r m51 & ! s]i\s injury ( ano!r1 f ! attacks ( an infuriat$ bull elk t _h previ\sly be5 reg>d$ z extremely g5tle4 ,wild & unconf9$ de] & elk flee f man "u ne>ly all circum/ances1 b :5 w\nd$ & closely press$ !y h be5 kn[n to attack hunt]s4 ,x is unlikely t1 ev5 9 ! rutt+ season1 a wild bull elk w\ld attack a human be+4 ,b ! tame or p>tially tame animals t h become famili> ) man are to be fe>$ & %\ld n be approa*$ 9 t season )\t extreme caution4 ,a male elk or de] t has once %[n vici\sness c n aga9 be tru/$4 ,! rem$y = vici\sness 9 ! male elk is ca/ration4 ,x is unsafe to keep an unca/rat$ male elk ov] #d ye>s old1 unless he is 9 a /rongly f5c$ inclosure f :i* visitors are exclud$4 ,! effects ( ca/ration are to make ! animal docile & to greatly enhance 8 value = v5ison4 ,?is is 9 accord ) obs]v$ results 9 ! production ( beef1 pork1 & mutton4 ,v5ison gr[n 9 dome/ication "u a sy/em 9 :i* ! male animals int5d$ = slaught] are ca/rat$ %\ld be uni=mly ( ! highe/ grade & f> sup]ior to t obta9$ 9 ! wild /ate dur+ ! usual op5 season = hunt+4 ,?is consid]ation is ( ! greate/ importance 9 fix+ ! f9al /atus ( v5ison gr[n "u dome/ication4 ,bre$+ ! ,virg9ia ,de]4 ,! ,virg9ia1 or :itetail de] 7,odocoileus virg9ianus7 is ! common de] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,includ+ ! half doz5 geographic races t occur )9 our bord]s1 x is di/ribut$ ov] mo/ ( ! c\ntry1 except ,nevada & ! major portions ( ,utah1 ,arizona1 ,wa%+ton1 ,oregon1 & ,cali=nia4 ,x is ext9ct 9 ,delaw>e & practically s 9 a numb] ( ,/ates 9 ! ,middle ,we/4 ,s\? ( our bord]s a numb] ( closely relat$ species occur4 ,9 view ( ! wide natural range ( ! :itetail de]1 its adaptability to ne>ly all sections ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates c n be d\bt$4 ,te/imony z to its h>d9ess 9 p>ks & pres]ves is n s unanim\s z t conc]n+ ! wapiti2 b ! g5]al exp]i5ce ( bre$]s is t ) suitable range1 pl5ty ( good wat]1 & reasonable c>e 9 w9t]1 rais+ ?is de] = /ock+ pres]ves or = v5ison may be made z pr(itable z any o!r live/ock indu/ry4 ,n only d de] ?rive on l& unsuit$ = cattle or horses1 b1 l elk1 !y may be rais$ to great advantage 9 bru%y or timb]$ pa/ures fully /ock$ ) cattle or horses1 z ! food ( de] r>ely includes grass4 ,advocates ( ! ,angora goat indu/ry /ate t )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates !re are #bej1jjj1jjj acres ( l& n suit$ to tillage or to ! pa/ure ( horses1 cattle1 or %eep1 :i* are well adapt$ to goats4 ,mu* ( ?is l& is suit$ also to de] & elk1 & c be utiliz$ = ^! animals ) less injury to ! =e/ cov] ?an w\ld result f its br[s+ by goats4 ,! :itetail de] has (t5 be5 ! subject ( exp]im5ts 9 dome/ication4 ,! beauty ( ^! animals1 especially ! fawns1 appeals to e admir] ( wild life1 & e>ly settl]s ( ! c\ntry soon le>n$ h[ easily !y c\ld be tam$ & h[ promptly !y atta*$ !mselves to ! p]sons :o f$ !m4 ,! dang]\s "* ( ! same pets1 especially ! males1 :5 gr[n up 0 soon le>n$ also4 ,x foll[$ t ! dome/icat+ process usually end$ ) ! maturity ( ! fir/ subject1 :i* 0 soon dispos$ ( or bani%$ to a safe inclosure4 ,! propagation ( ! ,virg9ia de] has seldom be5 und]tak5 9 a sy/ematic way4 ,! animals h (t5 be5 br$ 9 p>ks = pleasure or 9 l>ge pres]ves = sport1 b ! economic possibilities 9 rais+ !m h receiv$ little att5tion4 ,rec5tly bre$]s h recogniz$ ! fact t !y are pr(itable "u prop] managem5t & w\ld be mu* m s 7 conditions = m>ket+ live animals & v5ison m favorable4 ,exp]i5ces ( ,bre$]s4 ,! ,biological ,survey has reports ( successful exp]i5ce 9 rais+ ,virg9ia de] f m ?an a doz5 p]sons1 locat$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 :o are n[ engag$ 9 ! bus9ess4 ,! managem5t ( ! h]ds v>ies slightly ) ! surr\nd+s & ! object = :i* !y are kept4 ,?omas ,blagd51 ( ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 began rais+ de] 9 #ahgd4 ,aft] an exp]i5ce ( ov] a ?ird ( a c5tury he is confid5t t ! bus9ess c be made pr(itable4 ,9 8 own h]ds he has c>efully avoid$ 9-bre$+ by secur+ new bucks f "t to "t4 ,8 /ock is vigor\s & ( ! l>ge size *>act]i/ic ( ! ,adirondack & o!r nor!rn de]4 ,consequ5tly ! animals are 9 dem& = bre$+ purposes1 ! bucks br++ #ej ea* & ! does1 #ge4 ,he fe$s gra91 us+ corn & a mixture ( bran & meal1 & dur+ ! summ] cuts z mu* wild =age z possible4 ,he f9ds t ! animals pref] ! ranke/ we$s to ! *oice/ grass4 ,( ! v>i\s k9ds ( hay1 !y pref] alfalfa4 ,he provides abundant wat] at all times4 ,john ,w4 ,griggs1 ( ,goodell1 ,i[a1 writes t he has be5 engag$ 9 rais+ de] = ab\t f\rte5 ye>s4 ,until two ye>s ago he sold all 8 surplus /ock = p>ks1 b s9ce !n has dispos$ ( ab\t half ( x = v5ison4 ,= p>k purposes he gets #bj to #cj a head1 b !y br+ fully z mu* or m :5 fatt5$ = v5ison4 ,z to managem5t ( de]1 ,mr4 ,griggs writes3 ,9 rais+ a l>ge h]d ! p>k %\ld be divid$ into two or ?ree lots1 & "o pl[$ ea* ye> & s[n to r$ clov]1 mu/>d1 rape1 & se$s ( diff]5t k9ds ( we$s4 ,bluegrass & timo?y are useless4 ,corn is ! pr9cipal gra9 ,i fe$4 ,i fe$ x w9t] & summ]4 ,9 w9t] ,i fe$ also clov] hay1 oat /raw1 & we$y wild hay4 ,de] :5 rightly h&l$ are v prolific1 & f #ej does "o c c\nt on #ge fawns4 ,!y c be rais$ pr(itably = v5ison--v pr(itably until ov]done2 b ,i w\ld n advise "o to g into x on a l>ge scale )\t previ\s exp]i5ce ) de]4 ,! report receiv$ f ,c4 ,h4 ,roseb]ry1 ( ,/ella1 ,mo41 al?\gh less en?usia/ic ?an o!rs1 is quot$ because 8 h]d approa*es m ne>ly a /ate ( true dome/ication4 ,"u date ( ,janu>y #ac1 #aijh1 ,mr4 ,roseb]ry wrote z foll[s3 ,my exp]i5ce 9 bre$+ ! common or ,virg9ia de] cov]s a p]iod ( sev5te5 ye>s1 beg9n+ 9 ,m>*1 #ahia1 :51 z a boy ( #af1 ,i built a small inclosure ( #a-a_/b acres to conf9e a s+le doe t 0 captur$ z a fawn 9 ! neighbor+ =e/4 ,a buck & o!r does 7 secur$ f ye> to ye>1 until 9 #aijj1 by pur*ase & natural increase1 my h]d numb]$ #be head ( all ages4 ,f #ahia to #aija ,i lo/ e ye> f disease an av]age ( #bj p] c5t4 ,! climax came 9 ! dr\ght ye> ( #aija1 :5 my loss 0 #ej p] c5t f ! disease kn[n z black tongue4 ,i am conv9c$ t1 l *ol]a 9 sw9e1 individuals recov]+ f ?is disease are immune f fur!r attack4 ,app>5tly all ( my h]d 7 afflict$4 ,! survivors & _! prog5y con/itute my pres5t bre$+ /ock4 ,i h made no pur*ases s9ce #aija1 nor h ,i suff]$ any loss f disease4 ,= ! la/ sev5 ye>s my h]d has av]ag$ #gj p] c5t increase1 all ( :i* ,i h sold at satisfactory prices4 ,i began sell+ at #bj p] pair ( fawns at #d mon?s ( age & #cj p] pair ( adults4 ,i n[ get #dj & #fj1 respectively4 ,i sell almo/ exclusively = pets & = propagat+ purposes1 al?\gh a few surplus bucks h be5 sold = v5ison1 av]ag+ me #ae c5ts p] p\nd gross weight4 ,if we except ! goat1 ,i "k ( no dome/ic animal common to ! f>m t requires s little fe$ & att5tion z ! de]4 ,my h]d has a range ( only #ae acres1 two-?irds ( :i* are set to :ite clov]1 bluegrass1 & or*>d grass4 ,i provide also a small plat ( :eat or rye = w9t] pa/ure4 ,) ! above provision1 9 ?is latitude1 no fe$ is requir$ betwe5 ,april #ae & ,novemb] #ae4 ,dur+ ! re/ ( ! ye> a ration ( corn1 bran1 or o!r mill fe$ some:at small] ?an t requir$ = %eep1 9 connection ) a /ack ( clov] or pea hay to :i* !y h free access1 is suffici5t to keep !m 9 good condition4 ,de] eat ) reli% ne>ly all ( ! common co>se we$s1 & = cle>+ l& ( bru% !y are1 ,i ?9k1 second only to ! common goat4 ,probably ! greate/ exp5se connect$ ) ! bus9ess ( rais+ de] is ! f5c+4 ,ano!r item ( tr\ble & exp5se1 :5 ! animals are rais$ = pets1 requir+ t !y be h&l$ & %ipp$ alive1 is ! fact t ! fawns mu/ be tak5 f ! does :5 #aj days old & rais$ by h& on c['s milk4 ,!y are q easily rais$ 9 ?is way1 ) b slight p]c5tage ( loss1 b require frequ5t & c>eful att5tion = ! fir/ mon?4 ,:5 !y are all[$ to run ) ! does _! natural wildness c n be ov]come1 no matt] h[ g5tle ! does may be4 ,i h f\nd ! bus9ess pr(itable on ! l9es indicat$4 ,i believe !y c\ld be pr(itably br$ = v5ison alone--c]ta9ly ) less tr\ble & exp5se1 s9ce ! fawns c\ld be re>$ by ! does & ! tr\ble & exp5se ( rais+ by h& w\ld be elim9at$4 ,my exp]i5ce does n co9cide ) t ( "s o!r bre$]s 9 respect to ! weak5+ ( reproductive p[]s ( de] by ! conf9em5t 9 p>ks4 ,i h no b>r5 does4 ,usually !y produce a s+le fawn at two ye>s ( age2 aft]w>ds tw9s1 & 9 r>e cases triplets4 ,illu/ration3 ,tame ,de] ,eat+ ,wat]melon4 ,managem5t ( ,virg9ia ,de]4 ,z to ! managem5t ( de] little ne$ be add$ to ! /atem5ts f practical bre$]s already giv54 ,virg9ia de] are polygam\s1 l cattle2 ! rutt+ season is 9 ,novemb]2 ! p]iod ( ge/ation is ab\t sev5 mon?s1 & ! fawns are born 9 ,may or ,june4 ,"y does usually bre$ :5 ab\t #ag mon?s old & h b "o fawn ! fir/ "t2 aft]w>ds !y commonly produce tw9s4 ,! fawns are spott$ until ! fir/ %$d+ ( ! hair 9 ! fall4 ,:ile de] are *iefly br[s+ animals1 9 captivity !y eat ne>ly e k9d ( vegetation1 includ+ mo/ k9ds ( g>d5 /uff4 ,!y are fond ( acorns1 bee*nuts1 *e/nuts1 & o!r ma/4 ,lily pads1 leaves1 li*5s1 & mosses are freely eat54 ,) pl5ty ( range & an abundant v>iety ( plants !re ne$ be1 !re=e1 no appreh5sion conc]n+ ! de]'s food4 ,a good supply ( runn+ wat] mu/ be provid$1 & ! animals %\ld h access to rock salt4 ,if ! br[se & pa/urage are scant1 a small ration ( gra9 %\ld be f$4 ,( ! gra9s1 corn is g5]ally recomm5d$ z a food2 !re is no wa/e1 z ! de] pick up e gra94 ,co>se hay full ( we$s is pref]able to timo?y or o!r tame hays1 except alfalfa4 ,( clov] hay1 de] usually eat ! blossom heads gre$ily1 b wa/e ! o!r p>ts4 ,9 w9t] fe$+ is necess>y ev]y:]e1 & 9 ! nor!rn half ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %elt] ( "s k9d %\ld be provid$4 ,! rem>ks ab\t ca/rat+ elk apply z well to ! common de]4 ,a numb] ( vigor\s bucks1 h[ev]1 mu/ be kept ) any consid]able h]d ( does1 = a s+le buck c n s]ve an unlimit$ numb]4 ,frequ5t *anges ( blood by introduc+ new bucks %\ld be practic$ to avoid 9-bre$+4 ,wild ,de] 9 ,private ,game ,pres]ves4 ,individual own]s1 z well z associations1 h e/abli%$ l>ge private pres]ves 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry & /ock$ !m ) de] & o!r big game4 ,! objects h be5 to pres]ve ! animals & to provide sport = ! own]s4 ,9 ! free life "u ! protect$ conditions g5]ally provid$1 de] d rem>kably well1 ! increase be+ ev5 m rapid ?an 9 small p>ks4 ,!re c be no d\bt ( ! success ( v5tures 9 propagat+ ! ,virg9ia de] "u natural conditions z wild game1 z is prov$ by ! exp]i5ce ( a l>ge numb] ( hunt+ clubs & private own]s4 ,de] 9 ,buckwood ,p>k1 a ,new ,j]sey pres]ve ( #d1jjj acres1 belong+ to ,*>les ,s4 ,wor?+ton1 increas$ 9 ! t5 ye>s betwe5 #ahib & #aijc f #ai to ab\t #djj head1 & ! numb] 0 !n less5$ because x 0 ?\ght too l>ge = ! p]man5t su/a9+ capacity ( ! p>k4 ,! ,/4 ,l\is ,p>k & ,agricultural ,company h ab\t #a1jjj de] & #djj elk 9 _! #e1jjj-;acre pres]ve 9 ,taney ,c\nty1 ,mo4 ,! ,otz9a*son ,rod & ,gun ,club six ye>s ago plac$ ab\t #ij de]1 mo/ly does1 9 _! #d1jjj acre p>k 9 ,cl9ton ,c\nty1 ,pa4 ,^! h multipli$ to ne>ly #b1jjj head1 & a fur!r increase ( ab\t a ?\s& fawns is expect$ dur+ ! pres5t season 7#aijh74 ,d\btless ^! exp]i5ces are n exceptional4 ,! good effect ( su* pres]ves on ! supply ( game 9 ! ,/ate %\ld n be ov]look$4 ,:ile !y may tempor>ily re/rict ! hunt+ privileges ( a few citiz5s1 !y ultimately become a s\rce ( game supply second>y 9 importance only to ,/ate pres]ves or game refuges4 ,already a numb] ( private res]ves h become ov]/ock$1 & game has escap$ or be5 turn$ ov] to ! ,/ate to become ! prop]ty ( ! p4 ,! success ( private ent]prise 9 propagat+ l>ge game 9 inclosures has ?us become an object lesson = ,/ate game commission]s & o!rs1 & sugge/s ! feasibility ( ! ,/ate's und]tak+ a simil> "w = ! p4 ,,game ,,laws ,,9 ,,relation ,,to ,,de] ,,f>m+4 ,! *ief ob/acle to pr(itable propagation ( de] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is ! re/rictive "* ( ,/ate laws gov]n+ ! kill+1 sale1 & transportation ( game4 ,_m ( ! ,/ates1 foll[+ prec$5t1 lay d[n ! broad rule t all ! game animals 9 ! ,/ate1 :e!r resid5t or migratory1 are ! prop]ty ( ! ,/ate4 ,a few ,/ates except game animals t are "u private own]%ip legally acquir$4 ,a few o!rs enc\rage private own]%ip by provid+ a way 9 :i* wild animals--de] & ! l--may be captur$ = dome/ication4 ,g5]ally1 :5 private own]%ip ( game is recogniz$ by law1 ! "r to kill su* game is grant$1 b ! own] is hamp]$ by ! same regulations z to season1 sale1 & %ipm5t t apply to wild game4 ,"o by "o1 h[ev]1 ,/ate legislatures are com+ to recognize ! int]e/s ( game propagators1 & game laws are gradually be+ modifi$ 9 accordance ) ! *ange ( view4 ,! *ief s\rce f :i* de] & elk may be obta9$ = /ock+ pres]ves is f animals already 9 captivity4 ,^! mu/ be transport$ f place to place or !re c be no comm]ce 9 !m1 yet ! laws ( _m ,/ates absolutely =bid _! %ipm5t4 ,! laws z to possession & transportation ( de] c>casses make ! %ipp+ ( v5ison also illegal4 ,g5]al export ( v5ison is legal f only six ( ! ,/ates1 & ?ree ( ^! h no wild de] left to protect4 ,! laws conc]n+ ! season = kill+ & ! sale ( de] are (t5 equally emb>rass+ to ^? :o w\ld produce v5ison = pr(it4 ,! own] ( dome/icat$ de] c n legally kill 8 animals except 9 op5 season4 ,own]s ( private pres]ves are simil>ly re/rict$ & are limit$ to ! kill+ ( "o or two animals 9 a season4 ,m ?an half ! ,/ates & t]ritories absolutely =bid ! sale ( v5ison4 ,a few =bid ! sale ( v5ison produc$ )9 ! ,/ate1 b p]mit ! sale ( t import$ f o!r ,/ates1 a mo/ unju/ discrim9ation aga9/ home indu/ry4 ,! foll[+ ,/ates h rec5tly modifi$ _! laws s z to provide1 "u regulations1 = ! sale ( de] f private pres]ves4 ,transportation & ev5 export are includ$ 9 "s ( !m4 ,,arkansas4--,possession1 sale1 & %ipm5t ( de] or fawns is p]mitt$ :5 !y h be5 rais$ 9 captivity = dome/ic purposes & are accompani$ by an affidavit f ! rais]4 ,,colorado4--,own]s ( private pres]ves "u a lic5se are p]mitt$ to sell & %ip de] or o!r quadrup$s t are accompani$ by an invoice4 ,a fee is requir$ = ea* animal sold4 ,,ill9ois4--,any p]son :o raises de] = m>ket may kill & sell !m at any "t 9 ! same mann] z o!r dome/ic animals4 ,,indiana4--,! provisions ( ! law z to possession & sale d n apply to p]sons :o h "u own]%ip or control any de] rais$ 9 a de] p>k4 ,,massa*usetts4--,! own] may sell 8 own tame de] kept on 8 own gr\nds4 ,,m9nesota4--,p]sons :o desire to dome/icate de]1 moose1 elk1 or c>ib\ may secure a p]mit to d s f ! ,/ate bo>d ( game & fi% commission]s by pay+ a fee ( #ej c5ts = ea* animal 9 captivity & a l fee = ea* animal add$ lat] by natural increase or o!rwise4 ,! animals kept 9 captivity may be sold or %ipp$ )9 or )\t ! ,/ate1 by p]mission ( ! commission]s4 ,,miss\ri4--,de] or elk1 alive or dead1 may be %ipp$ f any private pres]ve & sold 9 ! m>kets ( ! ,/ate :5 accompani$ by a tag furni%$ by ! game w>d5 ( ! c\nty1 %[+ ^: prop]ty x is1 :]e kill$ & to :om %ipp$4 ,,new ,,hamp%ire4--,! ,blue ,m\nta9 ,=e/ ,association may kill elk1 de]1 or moose 9 _! pres]ve = "o mon? aft] ! op5 season1 & at any "t may transport !m outside ! ,/ate4 ,,new ,,york4--,de] may be sold dur+ ! op5 season2 & moose1 elk1 c>ib\1 & antelope f private p>ks may be sold dur+ ! same p]iod4 ,common c>ri]s may transport animals into ! ,/ate = bre$+ purposes1 b may n transport v5ison unless x is accompani$ by ! own]4 ,,nor? ,,c>ol9a4--,sev5te5 c\nties p]mit ! own] & keep] ( an inclos$ game pres]ve1 :o raises de] = use or sale1 to kill1 sell1 or use ^? rais$ or kept 9 said inclosure4 ,,p5nsylvania4--,own]s ( game pres]ves :o hold a game propagat+ c]tificate may sell & transport de] or fawn alive = propagat+ purposes only1 aft] secur+ ! writt5 cons5t ( ! presid5t ( ! bo>d ( game commission]s4 ,9 ?ree or f\r o!r ,/ates game "u private own]%ip1 legally acquir$1 is suppos$ to be exempt f g5]al provisions ( ! game law2 b 9 a te/ case z to its sale or export x is d\btful :e!r ! c\rts w\ld s hold )\t m specific provision legaliz+ su* comm]ce4 ,,summ>y4 ,! dome/ication ( de] & elk (f]s an int]e/+ field = exp]im5t1 z well z remun]ative returns = ! inve/m5t ( capital4 ,! wapiti & ! ,virg9ia de] c be rais$ successfully & *eaply "u _m diff]5t conditions ( food & climate4 ,! production ( v5ison & ! re>+ ( bo? species = /ock+ p>ks may be made pr(itable indu/ries 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,in/ead ( hamp]+ bre$]s by re/rictions1 z at pres5t1 ,/ate laws %\ld be s modifi$ z to enc\rage ! rais+ ( de]1 elk1 & o!r animals z a s\rce ( pr(it to ! individual & to ! ,/ate4 ,safegu>ds aga9/ ! de/ruction & sale ( wild de] 9 place ( dome/icat$ de] are n difficult to en=ce4 ,= ?is purpose a sy/em ( lic5s+ private p>ks1 & ( tagg+ de] or c>cases sold or %ipp$1 s t !y may be easily id5tifi$1 is recomm5d$4 ,x is believ$ t ) favorable legislation mu* o!rwise wa/e l& 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates may be utiliz$ = ! production ( v5ison s z to yield pr(itable returns1 & also t ?is excell5t & nutriti\s meat1 in/ead ( be+ d5i$ to #ii p] c5t ( ! population ( ! c\ntry1 may become z common & z *eap 9 our m>kets z mutton4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,! above illu/ration %[s ! front cov] ( ,hunt]-,trad]-,trapp]1 a mon?ly magaz9e1 publi%$ by ,! ,a4 ,r4 ,h>d+ ,publi%+ ,co41 ,columbus1 ,ohio1 :o are also publi%]s ( books on ,trapp+ & ,out-o-,door ,sports1 br++ out new ones cont9ually4 ,_! late/ booklet descriptive ( _! magaz9e & books publi%$ w be s5t free ^u application4 ,see foll[+ pages4 99 99 99 99 99 ,hunt] ,trad] ,trapp] ,z its ,"n ,indicates is a ,magaz9e ( ,in=mation = ,hunt]s1 ,trad]s1 ,trapp]s & ,out-o-,door ,p4 ,if y are int]e/$ 9 hunt+1 trapp+1 raw furs1 g9s5g1 rais+ wild animals1 taxid]my1 etc41 y w f9d ?is magaz9e ( int]e/ & value4 ,! magaz9e is publi%$ mon?ly & treats on ! foll[+ subjects3 ,/eel ,traps1 ,:]e & ,h[ to ,set2 ,baits & ,sc5ts2 ,prop] ,season to ,trap2 ,h[ to ,sk91 ,/ret* & ,h&le ,furs2 ,new ,ways to ,capture ,m9k1 ,fox1 ,wolf1 ,m>t51 ,beav]1 ,ott] & ,o!r ,%y ,animals2 ,rais+ ,fur ,be>+ ,animals2 ,gr[+ ,g9s5g & ,gold5 ,seal2 ,tra9+ ,night ,hunt+ ,dogs2 ,lead+ ,fur ,m>kets2 ,london ,raw ,fur ,sales2 ,fox ,hunt+ & ,h\nds2 ,coon ,hunt+2 ,lett]s ,f ,old ,hunt]s & ,trapp]s1 etc4 ,! ,editor is a man ( long exp]i5ce 9 h&l+ raw furs & trapp+4 ,! articles publi%$ & photos us$ are l>gely f ^? :o h _h actual exp]i5ce ) trap1 gun & dog--y w enjoy !m4 ,! magaz9e conta9s f #abh to #bjj pages ea* mon?1 av]ag+ ab\t #afj ea* mon? or #bjjj pages a ye>4 ,ab\t #gjj illu/rations are us$ ea* ye>4 ,! magaz9e is pr9t$ on good quality pap] & ! subscription price is only #a4jj a ,ye> ,s+le ,copy ,,t5 ,,c5ts ,a4 ,r4 ,h>d+ ,publi%+ ,co41 ,columbus1 ,o4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,g9s5g ,,plant4 ,%[+ ,root1 ,/ock1 ,leaves & ,se$4 ,?is is only "o ( ab\t #ge illu/rations %[n 9 ,g9s5g & ,o!r ,m$ic9al ,plants z describ$ on opposite page4 ,! illu/rations are ( actual g>d5s1 z well z "s fifty ( ! mo/ valuable m$ic9al plants true to life4 ,aft] read+ ?is book & look+ closely at ! illu/rations y %\ld be able to di/+ui% ! v>i\s plants4 ,! pap] us$ is ( good quality s t ! illu/rations are cle> & di/9ct4 99 99 99 99 99 ,g9s5g & ,o!r ,m$ic9al ,plants ,?is book conta9s ab\t #cjj pages & #ge illu/rations 7see opposite page = "o ( !m7 ) *apt]s on ! foll[+3 ,! ,/ory ( ,g9s5g2 ,some?+ ,ab\t ,g9s5g2 ,cultivation ( ,g9s5g2 ,m>ket+ ,g9s5g2 ,se$s & ,roots2 ,lett]s ,f ,g9s5g ,gr[]s2 ,gov]nm5t ,reports2 ,g9s5g 9 ,*9a2 ,g5]al ,in=mation2 ,habits ( ,g9s5g2 ,g9s5g ,prices2 ,diseases ( ,g9s5g2 ,m$ic9al ,qualities2 ,gold5 ,seal ,cultivation2 ,plants z a ,s\rce ( ,rev5ue2 ,li/ ( ,plants ,hav+ ,m$ic9al ,value2 ,gigantic ,m9t ,f>m 9 ,mi*igan4 ,! publi%]s say--,a ,book ( ,valuable ,in=mation = ,gr[]s & ,collectors ( ,wild ,m$ic9al ,plants--,tells ,h[ to ,gr[1 ,m$ic9al ,uses1 ,value1 ,etc4 ,mu* additional in=mation is also giv5 ab\t o!r ,plants :i* furni% ,root ,drugs1 su* z3 ,male ,f]n2 ,wild ,turnip2 ,skunk ,cabbage2 ,sweet ,flag2 ,helonias2 ,am]ican ,hellebore2 ,aletris2 ,be?root2 ,wild ,yam2 ,blue ,flag2 ,lady's ,slipp]2 ,crawley ,root2 ,canada ,snak]oot2 ,s]p5t>ia 7,s\!rn ,snak]oot72 ,yell[ ,dock2 ,pokewe$2 ,soapwort2 ,gold?read2 ,black ,coho%2 ,oregon ,grape2 ,blue ,coho%2 ,tw9leaf2 ,mayapple2 ,canada ,moonse$2 ,bloodroot2 ,hydrangea2 ,indian ,physic2 ,wild ,indigo2 ,crane's ,bill2 ,s5eca ,snak]oot2 ,/ill+ia2 ,wild ,s>sap>illa2 ,wat] ,eryngo2 ,am]ican ,angelica2 ,yell[ ,jasm9e2 ,p9kroot2 ,am]ican ,colombo2 ,black ,indian ,hemp2 ,pleurisy ,root2 ,comfrey2 ,/on]oot2 ,culv]s ,root2 ,d&elion2 ,que5-(-!-,mead[2 ,elecampane2 ,e*9acea2 ,burdock4 ,a good photograph ( ea* ( ^! is %[n ) ! description4 ,consid]able money c be made collect+ & prep>+ = ! m>ket4 ,?is book expla9s 9 detail4 ,price1 clo? b\nd1 po/paid1 #a4jj 99 99 99 99 99 ,l& ,cruis+ & ,prospect+ ,is a valuable book = home/ead]s1 hunt]s1 trapp]s1 guides1 etc4 ,! writ]--,mr4 ,a4 ,f4 ,wallace1 an exp]i5c$ surveyor1 l& cruis] & prospector--9 8 introduction says3 ,to ! m5 :o foll[ ! compass1 ! trap & ! trail ?is "w is inscrib$4 ,x is n int5d$ = ! ,pr(essors :o c tell y all ab\t ?+s aft] !y are done 7by somebody else74 ,! publi%]s say3 ,a book ( ,valuable ,in=mation = hunt]s1 trapp]s1 l& cruis]s1 prospectors & m5 ( ! trail--tells h[ to locate "o's self on ! map1 etc4 ,?is book conta9s ab\t #bjj pages #e x #g in*es1 is pr9t$ on good quality pap]1 ) ne>ly #dj illu/rations & conta9s #bj *apt]s z foll[s3 ,i4 ,maps4 ,,ii4 ,! ,compass4 ,,iii4 ,exam9+ & ,locat+4 ,,iv4 ,e>ly ,surveys4 ,v4 ,corn] ,m>ks4 ,,vi4 ,miscellane\s ,in=mation4 ,,vii4 ,po9ts = ,home/ead]s4 ,,viii4 ,prospect+ = ,gold4 ,,ix4 ,sampl+ ,ore4 ,x4 ,h[ to ,locate a ,claim4 ,,xi4 ,poor ,man's ,ore ,mill4 ,,xii4 ,prospect+ = ,fur4 ,,xiii4 ,prospect+ = ,pe>ls4 ,,xiv4 ,prospect+ = ,bees4 ,,xv4 ,rations & ,camp ,cook]y4 ,,xvi4 ,camp ,kits4 ,,xvii4 ,guns1 ,axes & ,pack-/raps4 ,,xviii4 ,build+ ,cab9s1 ,tann+1 ,etc4 ,,xix4 ,gett+ ,lo/4 ,,xx4 ,! ,r$ ,riv] ,trapp]4 ,?is book is practical & may be wor? _m times ! price to y4 ,rememb] x is writt5 by "o :o has _h _m1 _m ye>s ( exp]i5ce4 ,price1 ,clo? ,b\nd1 ,po/paid1 #fj ,c5ts ,a4 ,r4 ,h>d+ ,publi%+ ,co4 ,columbus1 ,ohio 99 99 99 99 99 ,bee ,hunt+ ,a ,,book ,,( ,,valuable ,,in=mation ,,= ,,bee ,,hunt]s4 ,tells ,h[ to ,l9e ,bees to ,trees1 ,etc4 ,! foll[+ is tak5 f ! ,au?or's ,introduction to ,,bee ,,hunt+ ,illu/ration ,_m books on sports ( v>i\s k9ds h be5 writt51 b outside ( an occasional article 9 p]iodicals devot$ to bee lit]ature1 b little has be5 writt5 on ! subject ( ,bee ,hunt+4 ,!re=e1 ,i h tri$ 9 ?is volume--,bee ,hunt+ = ,pleasure & ,pr(it--to give a "w 9 compact =m1 ! product ( :at ,i h le>n$ along ?is l9e dur+ ! =ty ye>s 9 nature's s*ool room4 ,bro!r1 if 9 read+ ^! pages1 y f9d some?+ t w be ( value to y1 some?+ t w inculcate a desire = manly pa/ime & make y\r life bright]1 !n my aim w h be5 rea*$4 ,! book conta9s #ac *apt]s z foll[s3 ,i4 ,bee ,hunt+4 ,,ii4 ,e>ly ,spr+ ,hunt+4 ,,iii4 ,bee ,wat]+--,h[ to ,f9d ,!m4 ,,iv4 ,hunt+ ,bees f ,sumac4 ,v4 ,hunt+ ,bees f ,buck:eat4 ,,vi4 ,fall ,hunt+4 ,,vii4 ,improv$ ,mode ( ,burn+4 ,,viii4 ,facts ,ab\t ,l9e ( ,flight4 ,,ix4 ,baits & ,sc5ts4 ,x4 ,cutt+ ! ,tree & ,transf]r+4 ,,xi4 ,cu/oms & ,own]%ip ( ,wild ,bees4 ,,xii4 ,b5efactors & ,_! ,inv5tions4 ,,xiii4 ,bee ,keep+ = ,pr(it4 ,?is book conta9s #hj pages1 pap] cov]4 ,price1 po/paid1 only #be c5ts4 ,a4 ,r4 ,h>d+ ,pub4 ,co41 ,columbus1 ,ohio