,,lippincott',s ,,horn-,,ashbaugh ,,speller ,,for ,,grades ,,one ,,to ,,eight ,,by ,,ernest ,,horn1 ,,ph4,d4 ,,professor ,,of ,,education ,,and ,,director ,,of ,,the ,,university ,,elementary ,,school ,,the ,,state ,,university ,,of ,,iowa ,,and ,,ernest ,j4 ,,ashbaugh1 ,,ph4,d4 ,,associate ,,professor ,,of ,,education ,,and ,,chief ,,of ,,the ,,bureau ,,of ,,educational ,,tests ,,and ,,measurements ,,the ,,state ,,university ,,of ,,iowa ,,philadelphia1 ,,london1 ,,chicago ,j4 ,b4 ,,lippincott ,,company ,,copyright1 #aibj1 ,,by ,j4 ,b4 ,,lippincott ,,company ,,printed ,,by ,j4 ,b4 ,,lippincott ,,company ,,at ,,the ,,washington ,,square ,,press ,,philadelphia1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,preface ,it is the intention of the authors to include sufficient discussion and directions to teachers so that this book may be taught with the highest possible degree of efficiency4 ,under general directions to teachers will be found a discussion of those points which concern all teachers regardless of grade4 ,in addition1 preceding the word list for each grade will be found supplementary directions to aid the teachers in facing the problems peculiar to that grade4 ,special attention is called to the elaborate provision for making the pupil intelligent and responsible in his attack on his own spelling problems4 ,this result is achieved by the testing plan which discovers to the pupil his deficiencies2 by the standard scores which enable him to compare his accomplishment with that of other children2 by the efficient method of study which is provided2 and by the unusually rigorous follow-up work given in the review lessons4 ,the authors therefore present this book to the pupils and teachers of the ,united ,states as a contribution to the solution of the problem of developing a nation of good spellers4 ,,the ,,authors4 ,,december1 #aibj4 ,,contents ,,page ,,preface iii ,,general ,,directions ,,to ,,teachers vii-xiv ,,directions ,,to ,,pupils xiv-xvi ,,directions ,,to ,,teachers ,,of ,,grade ,i #b ,,word ,,list1 ,,grade ,i #c-e ,,directions ,,to ,,teachers ,,of ,,grade ,,ii #h ,,word ,,list1 ,,grade ,,ii #i-ad ,,directions ,,to ,,teachers ,,of ,,grade ,,iii #af-ag ,,word ,,list1 ,,grade ,,iii #ai-bg ,,directions ,,to ,,teachers ,,of ,,grade ,,iv #cj ,,word ,,list1 ,,grade ,,iv #ca-dj ,,directions ,,to ,,teachers ,,of ,,grade ,v #db ,,word ,,list1 ,,grade ,v #dc-eb ,,directions ,,to ,,teachers ,,of ,,grade ,,vi #ed ,,word ,,list1 ,,grade ,,vi #ee-fd ,,directions ,,to ,,teachers ,,of ,,grade ,,vii #ff ,,word ,,list1 ,,grade ,,vii #fg-gh ,,directions ,,to ,,teachers ,,of ,,grade ,,viii #hj ,,word ,,list1 ,,grade ,,viii #ha-ie ,,dictation ,,exercises #ig-aje ,,lippincott',s ,,horn-,,ashbaugh ,,speller ,,general ,,directions ,,to ,,teachers4 ,how the ,teaching of ,spelling ,may be ,improved4--,the teaching of spelling may be improved in three ways3 first1 by selecting a better list of words for the pupil to study2 second1 by placing before the pupils of each grade the words that are most appropriate for them2 and third1 by introducing economical procedures in learning4 ,the first is the problem of the course of study2 the second1 the problem of grading2 and the third1 the problem of method4 ,the ,vocabulary4--,to solve the first problem one must insure that the pupils will study all words they are likely to use in life outside the school4 ,one must also insure that the pupils' time will not be wasted through their being required to learn words which they will never use4 ,this problem has been solved for you by the authors of the text4 ,the vocabulary of the lessons is taken from a compilation which ,doctor ,horn has made of ten scientific investigations of the words used in writing letters4 ,these investigations1 taken together1 represent the careful analysis of over three-quarters of a million running words of correspondence4 ,if you will analyze one letter1 you will see what a very great amount of work these investigations have required4 ,it seems very unlikely that any word commonly and frequently used should have been overlooked in all of these investigations4 ,these ten studies contain all of the information which is available at the present time concerning what words are likely to be used in writing letters4 ,accordingly1 there is no word in this speller which has not been reported in one or more of these investigations4 ,in addition1 this vocabulary has been carefully compared with all of the other types of reading and writing vocabularies4 ,among these are the studies of children's themes1 such as those by ,jones1 by the teachers of ,new ,orleans1 ,kansas ,city1 and ,richmond1 ,virginia2 the various studies of adult reading vocabularies1 such as those by ,eldridge and ,knowles1 aggregating over #adj1jjj running words2 the studies of the vocabulary of school readers1 such as those by ,packer1 ,housh1 and ,miller1 aggregating over one-half million running words4 ,no word has been taken from these studies which did not occur in the investigations of the vocabulary of personal and business letters4 ,on the other hand1 these studies showed quite clearly that the words found as the result of the analysis of three-quarters of a million running words of correspondence are really basic in any writing vocabulary4 ,if you will examine the book1 you will see that most of the lessons are numbered with arabic numerals4 ,these lessons contain a minimum list of #ciih words found to be used most frequently4 ,you will notice1 also1 that beginning with grade three there are in each grade supplementary lessons1 marked ,s-#a1 ,s-#b1 etc4 ,these lessons include #ehj additional words which are somewhat less frequently used4 ,the supplementary lessons are distributed by grades1 so that pupils who finish the minimum work for any grade will have additional lessons to study for the remainder of the year4 ,however1 before undertaking these supplementary lessons1 the teacher should make sure that her pupils have learned thoroughly the minimum list which contains the important words4 ,plan of ,review4--,the provision for the complete elimination of spelling errors is particularly efficient and thoroughgoing4 ,not only are those words which most commonly give difficulty arranged for1 but the method of testing insures that each pupil will eliminate his own peculiar errors4 ,no pains have been spared to obtain this thoroughness without wasting the pupils' time in mere routine review4 ,during the week in which each lesson is taught for the first time1 each pupil is tested three times on every word in the lesson4 ,he spends his time in concentrated attack on the words which have given him difficulty4 ,one month later this lesson is given as a test1 and the words missed by each pupil re-learned by him4 ,at the end of the week this lesson is again given as a test4 ,in addition1 at the beginning of each grade above the first1 the words which have been previously taught1 but which according to ,doctor ,ashbaugh's investigation still give difficulty1 are thoroughly reviewed4 ,finally1 in the seventh grade1 the words which are most frequently missed by grammar grade pupils are given additional review4 ,it must be kept in mind that these reviews are not haphazard1 nor are they a matter of guesswork4 ,each review list is made up on the basis of the most careful scientific study of persistent errors4 ,grading4--,the lessons in each grade are those which the pupils in that grade may most profitably study4 ,the words have been graded in the following manner3 ,on the basis of ,doctor ,horn's compilation of correspondence vocabularies1 all of the #degh words were ranked according to the frequency with which they are used in correspondence4 ,on the basis of ,doctor ,ashbaugh's study of the difficulty of these words in the various grades1 the words were arranged in order of ease of spelling4 ,with these two sources of data1 the lessons are arranged so that in general the easiest words and those most commonly and frequently used are placed in the lower grades4 ,in addition1 on the basis of scientific analysis of the vocabulary of first1 second1 and third readers1 the authors determined which words occurred most often in these readers4 ,the words included in the lessons for the first three grades are not only easy and fairly common1 but are found also in popular readers of the grades in which they are placed4 ,for example1 the word and was found #bc1ggc times in the letters analyzed in the various investigations upon which the book is based2 and it is misspelled by but four second grade children out of a hundred4 ,it also occurs in every one of ten commonly used first readers4 ,since it is one of the very commonest words1 is easy to spell1 and is found in all first readers1 it is placed in the first list in the book4 ,in a similar way every lesson in the first three grades has been a matter of computation4 ,the lessons in grades above the third have been made in the same careful fashion1 except that occurrences in readers were not taken into consideration4 ,it is clear that the lessons increase gradually in difficulty in each successive grade1 and that a pupil who is forced to leave school at the end of grade six or seven will have learned the words which he is most likely to need in writing4 ,standard ,scores4--,by means of standard errors at the close of each lesson1 the pupils and teachers may compare results with those of other grades and with those obtained in the country at large4 ,these standards were taken from the ,ashbaugh ,scale and from a supplementary study conducted by ,doctor ,ashbaugh and ,doctor ,horn to determine the standards for words not included in the original scale4 ,it must be kept in mind that these standard errors are high1 being the result of the present unfavorable conditions of the teaching of spelling in the country at large4 ,they are used merely for the purpose of comparison4 ,the ideal to keep before your class is that they should learn their lessons so that they will not misspell a single word1 but this ideal is intensified by the use of the standard errors4 ,how to ,teach the ,lesson4--,four points must be kept in mind as more important than any others3 #a4 ,the teacher must test her pupils on each lesson before they begin to study4 #b4 ,each pupil should study only the words which he misspelled on the test4 #c4 ,he must be taught an economical method of study4 #d4 ,he must see clearly what progress he is making4 ,detailed suggestions for teaching the lessons are given in the paragraphs which follow4 ,these suggestions are based upon the investigations reviewed by ,doctor ,horn in the ,eighteenth ,yearbook of the ,national ,society for the ,study of ,education4 ,the method has been tried out thoroughly in public school classrooms1 and has proved uniformly successful4 ,teachers are urged to follow it as closely as possible4 ,if1 however1 the teacher prefers another method of study1 she may use it4 ,the book may be used with any method4 ,getting ,started ,right4--,the first few lessons may well be spent in systematizing class procedure and teaching pupils how to study a spelling lesson4 ,begin by pointing out the importance of spelling4 ,give cases1 if possible1 where people have been discredited because of spelling errors in letters4 ,discuss with the class how the words in this book were selected1 how the standard errors at the close of each lesson were secured1 and how the method of study was determined4 ,the pupils may now be introduced to the procedure which will be used in conducting the spelling class1 and to the method of study4 ,teaching ,pupils ,how to ,work4--,many teachers have found the following procedure very satisfactory4 ,have the pupils open their books at the first lesson for their grade4 ,explain to them that a great many men have spent much time and money in finding out the best way to learn to spell1 and that the method which is to be used is based on what these men have recommended4 ,have the class read the directions to pupils given on pages xiv-xvi4 ,after the directions have been read1 have several pupils summarize them4 ,when you have made sure that the class has the main points clearly in mind1 the actual work of habituating the method may be begun4 ,the first few lessons in each term should consist of practice in the method of study4 ,this practice should be continued until you are satisfied that the pupils understand thoroughly how to go about their work4 ,remember that even though teachers in the preceding grades are using the method1 there may be pupils in your grade who are new to the system1 as well as some who have forgotten how to study4 ,from the nature of the method1 it is easy to detect any child who is not using it4 ,insist that the correct method be used from the outset4 ,as soon as the pupils have learned the method of study1 the regular work of learning the lessons may begin4 ,how the ,lessons ,should be ,taught4--,the lessons are planned to be completed in a week4 ,a week's work1 therefore1 consists of twenty new words and twenty review words except in grade one1 where the week's work consists of ten new words and ten review words4 ,the following schedule is recommended4 ,monday4--,the first step in teaching a lesson is an exercise in pronunciation4 ,have the pupils open their books at the advanced lesson4 ,pronounce each word1 enunciating the syllables very distinctly4 ,each word which in your judgment is not understood by the class should be used in a sentence4 ,all homonyms should be so used4 ,have the pupils pronounce each word after you in concert1 enunciating the syllables very distinctly4 ,insist on careful pronunciation on the part of every pupil4 ,this exercise precedes the spelling test because of the importance of pronunciation in the method of study1 and because of the probability that this initial attention to the correct form of the word is desirable4 ,since the pupils undoubtedly learn something as a result of this exercise1 they may be expected to make somewhat better scores than those given in the book4 ,these scores are the results of tests given without such a preliminary exercise in pronunciation4 ,after all the words have been pronounced1 have the pupils close their texts and prepare papers for a written test4 ,this test will include the new lesson4 ,it may be written on any sort of paper1 the words being written in columns of twenty to correspond to the arrangement of the words in the book4 ,pronounce each word once only4 ,pupils should write the words without hesitation4 ,no alterations in the first attempt at spelling the word should be allowed4 ,after the words have all been dictated1 have the pupils exchange papers for the purpose of correcting4 ,be sure that each pupil understands that he is marking his neighbor's paper1 so that errors which have been made may be corrected4 ,instruct the class to mark a word wrong if it is misspelled1 if it cannot be read1 or if any change in the first attempt at spelling has been made4 ,be sure that each pupil understands that1 until he is able to write a word correctly the first time1 he has not sufficiently learned it4 ,the words may be corrected on the basis of the teacher's oral spelling or by the book4 ,each word found to be misspelled should be marked wrong by placing after it an ,x4 ,when the papers have been returned to the owners1 each pupil should write the correct form of the words which he has misspelled4 ,the words missed on the test will constitute his task for the week4 ,tuesday4--,on ,tuesday the pupils study1 each working on his own errors and using the method recommended under directions to pupils4 ,pupils who made no errors on the test may be excused from this study period1 but not from the succeeding test4 ,it frequently happens that a pupil will spell a word correctly on one test and misspell it on a following test4 ,the teacher should closely supervise the pupils' study in order to insure that proper methods of learning are used4 ,she may also help to direct the work of those who1 having made no errors on the preceding test1 have been allowed to undertake some other task4 ,the class should not be tested on this day4 ,wednesday4--,test on the new and on the review lesson4 ,this review lesson should consist of a lesson taught one month before4 ,since the first four lessons in each grade are made up of words taught in the preceding grade1 these may well be used for the first month as review lessons4 ,the words may be corrected and the errors recorded as on ,monday4 ,compare the number of errors made on this test with those made on the preceding test4 ,this comparison will show the pupil what progress he has made4 ,the remainder of the period may be spent in studying the words missed on this test4 ,thursday4--,study as on ,tuesday4 ,friday4--,test on the new and on the review lesson1 correct the papers as on ,monday1 and spend the rest of the period studying the errors made on this final test4 ,compare the number of errors made on this test with the number made on the first and second tests4 ,the comparison gives the child a measure of accomplishment for the week4 ,the teacher should check this day's papers in order to have an accurate record of the status of the pupils at the close of the week's work4 ,many teachers have found it helpful to keep a chart of progress on the blackboard4 ,individual ,instruction4--,it is clear from the preceding directions that the method of learning and the class administration are intended to insure that each pupil will learn those words which give him difficulty1 and that he will1 at the same time1 progress at his own rate4 ,with the possible exception of the fact that only the commonly used words are taught1 this is the most important provision in the book4 ,the ,spelling ,notebook4--,it has been found to be very helpful to have each pupil keep a notebook in which to record words missed in the various spelling tests or in papers written in connection with other subjects4 ,this notebook tends to make the pupil more conscientious with regard to his spelling4 ,it also gives him a record of his errors so that when he has time for review work he can utilize it properly4 ,the ,problem of ,interest4--,teachers who have used the method which is here recommended have been unanimous in reporting not only that the pupils learned more rapidly1 but also that they worked with greater enthusiasm4 ,this increased interest is secured without any use of soft pedagogy4 ,it comes from several sources4 ,first1 the pupils know that the words in the book are those most commonly needed in writing4 ,second1 the pupils quickly see the advantage of centering their efforts on words which they have actually missed4 ,third1 by means of standard scores they are enabled to compare their spelling ability with that of children in other parts of the country4 ,fourth1 they can see what they are accomplishing4 ,fifth1 these provisions make possible the joy which comes from doing vigorously and thoroughly a clean-cut task that needs to be done4 ,these are the interests which appeal to sensible men and women in life outside the school1 and they have proved sufficient for children4 ,many attempts have been made to substitute devices for these wholesome and fundamental interests4 ,such attempts not only fail in their purpose1 but actually distract the child's mind from the work he has to do4 ,sugar-coating inevitably destroys the child's appetite for healthy vigorous work4 ,,directions ,,to ,,pupils ,why ,these ,words ,should be ,studied4--,one of the ways by which people judge the writer of a letter is by the presence or absence of spelling errors4 ,often a young man or young woman has failed to obtain a desirable position because of spelling errors in a letter of application4 ,even in the ordinary friendly letter1 spelling errors make a bad impression4 ,the words which you are to learn from this spelling book are the words which people most frequently use in writing letters4 ,thousands of letters were read1 and each word found was recorded4 ,this book1 therefore1 contains the words most commonly used in writing1 and does not contain any word which has not been found in letters4 ,how to ,learn the ,words4--,the first step in the study of each lesson will be an exercise in pronunciation4 ,your teacher will pronounce each word for you4 ,look at your book closely1 noticing each syllable as she pronounces it4 ,when the teacher asks you to pronounce the word after her1 look at each syllable closely as you pronounce it4 ,the second step in learning the lesson is the test4 ,write each word as plainly as you can and without hesitation4 ,the purpose of this test is to see whether or not there are any words in the lesson which you cannot spell4 ,the words which you cannot spell will be your work in spelling for the week4 ,if your teacher asks you to exchange papers for the purpose of correcting them1 be sure to do your work very carefully4 ,if you fail to mark a word wrong that has been misspelled1 the pupil whose paper you marked will not be able to know that the word should be studied1 and so will suffer an injury4 ,on the other hand1 it will be very confusing if you mark a word wrong which is really correct4 ,mark any word wrong that you cannot easily read2 also any word if a letter has been written over or a change made4 ,remember that the purpose of the test is to find out which words need to be studied4 ,the grades of the pupil whose papers you correct are not affected in any way by your marking4 ,the ,meaning of ,the ,standard ,number of ,errors4--,the words in this book have been given to a great many children in each grade in a number of cities4 ,in that way it was possible to find out the number of errors which children of each grade ordinarily make4 ,if you will compare the number of errors which you make on the test with the number of errors at the bottom of your lesson1 you will be able to see how your spelling compares with that of pupils in other parts of the country4 ,how to ,learn to ,spell a ,word4--,a great many men have spent much time and money in finding out for you the best way to learn to spell4 ,the directions which follow are based on what these men have discovered4 #a4 ,the first thing to do in learning to spell a word is to pronounce it correctly4 ,pronounce the word1 saying each syllable very distinctly1 and looking closely at each syllable as you say it4 #b4 ,with closed eyes try to see the word in your book1 syllable by syllable1 as you pronounce it in a whisper4 ,in pronouncing the words1 be sure to say each syllable distinctly4 ,after saying the word1 keep trying to recall how the word looked in your book1 and at the same time say the letters4 ,spell by syllables4 #c4 ,open your eyes1 and look at the word to see whether or not you had it right4 #d4 ,look at the word again1 saying the syllables very distinctly4 ,if you did not have the word right on your first trial1 say the letters this time as you look sharply at the syllables4 #e4 ,try again with closed eyes to see the word as you spell the syllables in a whisper4 #f4 ,look again at your book to see if you had the word right4 ,keep trying until you can spell each syllable correctly with closed eyes4 #g4 ,when you feel sure that you have learned the word1 write it without looking at your book1 and then compare your attempt with the book to see whether or not you wrote it correctly4 #h4 ,now write the word three times1 covering each trial with your hand before you write the word the next time1 so that you cannot copy4 ,if all of these trials are right1 you may say that you have learned the word for the present4 ,if you make a single mistake1 begin with the first direction and go through each step again4 #i4 ,study each word by this method4 ,take special pains to attend closely to each step in the method4 ,hard and careful work is what counts4 ,take ,pains with ,your ,spelling in all ,writing4--,take pride in having your compositions and letters free from spelling errors4 ,when you are in the slightest doubt as to how to spell a word1 look it up in the dictionary before you write it4 ,when you have found the word in the dictionary1 learn it by the method by which you study your regular spelling lessons4 ,in a similar way1 if you do make a mistake in spelling in your compositions1 learn the word which you misspelled by this same method4 ,reviews4--,whenever you have a few minutes after having prepared some lesson1 turn back to the errors which you have made on previous spelling tests and spend some time going over the words which you missed on those tests4 ,occasionally when you are at home1 you will find it interesting to have your mother or father or some friend test you over all the words you have missed during the year4 ,you should not be satisfied until you can spell every word correctly4 ,notebook4--,keep a spelling notebook4 ,whether your teacher requires it or not1 you will find it very much worth while to keep a spelling notebook4 ,in this you should record all words missed on any test or in compositions which you write4 ,if you find that you are frequently missing a word1 write it in a special list and review it frequently4 ,,first ,,grade ,,directions ,,to ,,first ,,grade ,,teachers ,the words in the lessons for first grade children are few in number and relatively easy4 ,you will notice that most of them are phonetic4 ,each word has been found to be used in correspondence and in a majority of first grade readers4 ,this list is therefore particularly appropriate for first grade children and may be easily learned by them4 ,the authors recommend that this work be begun in the second half year4 ,directions for ,teaching4--,read again the general directions on pages vii to xvi1 inclusive4 ,in general the method used in grade one is the same as that used in later grades4 ,there are1 however1 certain important differences4 ,you will notice1 for example1 that first grade lessons contain ten instead of twenty words4 ,you will need also to give more attention for the first two or three weeks to initiating correct habits of study4 ,remember that teachers above grade one will build upon habits which you initiate4 ,the words in the first grade list are very simple1 so that there should be no difficulty in learning to spell them4 ,neither should the children have any difficulty in understanding any of the one hundred fifty words4 ,directions for ,schools in ,which the ,pupils do ,not ,write in ,grade ,one4--,the pupils in such schools should be taught to study according to the first six directions given under ,how to ,learn to ,spell a ,word1 page xv4 ,the tests in these cases will have to be oral tests4 ,otherwise1 the methods recommended in the general directions may be used4 #a #b #c #d is be but that and can dear to-day are dog did up day good do was he my go an in see his as it she little big me you look come all book not for at boy out get ,standard ,number of ,errors ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,,ii4 #a ,,ii4 #a ,,ii4 #b ,,ii4 #b ,,iii4 #j ,,iii4 #a ,,iii4 #a ,,iii4 #a #e #f #g #h hand old way gold have on will hat if one your her into over away home land run by how last say cannot ice let tell doing looking like the down love man this eat of may tree give play ,standard ,number of ,errors ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,,ii4 #b ,,ii4 #b ,,ii4 #c ,,ii4 #c ,,iii4 #a ,,iii4 #a ,,iii4 #a ,,iii4 #a #i #aj #aa #ab so us bee far ten when call fat thank wind cane five them with cat from then after coat gave thing am cold girl think apple corn going three baby cow green time bed each had ,standard ,number of ,errors ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,,ii4 #c ,,ii4 #c ,,ii4 #d ,,ii4 #d ,,iii4 #a ,,iii4 #b ,,iii4 #b ,,iii4 #b #ac #ad #ae #af hard must school all has night send be hen no six see just or snow not live pig sun may made playing they for make put top in milk red what do mother ring wood so much sat ran no ,standard ,number of ,errors ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,,ii4 #d ,,ii4 #d ,,ii4 #d ,,ii4 #a ,,iii4 #b ,,iii4 #b ,,iii4 #b ,,iii4 #a ,,second ,,grade ,,directions ,,to ,,second ,,grade ,,teachers ,the second grade list of words contains #cdj new words in addition to the review lessons1 which include #hj of the most difficult first grade words1 and #fj of the homonyms which give the most trouble4 ,the new words are all words frequently used1 are words which second grade children can learn easily and1 for the most part1 are frequently found in the second readers most commonly used4 ,you will find that the method outlined below will enable you to teach these words so that your classes will make very nearly a perfect score on them4 ,directions for ,teaching4--,read again the directions for teaching as given on pages vii to xvi4 ,you will find it advisable to take some time at the beginning of the term to teach pupils how to study4 ,you will still find it necessary to correct the papers yourself4 ,you may follow the same schedule as that outlined in the general directions4 ,watch particularly for improper methods of study4 ,second grade pupils should write their tests without hesitation and with fair speed4 ,explain to the pupils with great care that letters which are not made plainly will be counted wrong4 ,remember that the lessons are arranged by weeks rather than by days4 ,the work for each week consists of one advance column and one review column4 ,the review column in each case is the fourth column preceding the advance work4 ,that is1 it is made up of a week's work one month old4 ,for example1 column #e contains #bj new words to be learned in one week4 ,during the same week1 column #a should be reviewed4 ,the lesson for the first week consists of column #a1 which is the advance lesson1 and of column ,r #a1 which is the review4 ,r-#a ,r-#b ,r-#c ,r-#d dear sat top make fat bee playing milk cow baby came her get has pig apple some home give with we looking had when way love from down run red far six gold like call send cat going ice school cold corn thank live or box put gave them am fast snow girl then by what this eat made mother three thing night after ring much one just cannot time bed hard wind over sun wood hat they must five ,standard ,number of ,errors ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,,ii4 #e ,,ii4 #f ,,ii4 #g ,,ii4 #h ,,iii4 #c ,,iii4 #c ,,iii4 #c ,,iii4 #d #a #b #c #d ask forget ear year back fun days ago best grass sing door bill happy doll got black hay hope ,may blow hill grow bad bring him boys ball butter hot fly bank cake inside hands bell cap its pink end child joy dry foot cup keep times free cut kind string king ever kiss bread letter face late needs most farm lay rise same feet left skin ship fill light cry till fish low story yet food meat tall about ,standard ,number of ,errors ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,,ii4 #h ,,ii4 #h ,,ii4 #g ,,ii4 #f ,,iii4 #d ,,iii4 #d ,,iii4 #c ,,iii4 #c #e #f #g #h more said very beside morning sand wall better ,mr4 sent want bird name side war blue never sister week brother nine small well calling now stand west mild off standing where care once state why city papa stay win cook part sweet wish cover pen take work cream place telling yes dark poor there afternoon deep rain to any dinner read told around drive rest took barn drop rich town bear dust ride two became east room under become even ,standard ,number of ,errors ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,,ii4 #h ,,ii4 #h ,,ii4 #i ,,ii4 #aj ,,iii4 #d ,,iii4 #d ,,iii4 #e ,,iii4 #e #i #aj #aa #ab eye large pick sold fall life pine son fell lived plan song felt lives river soon find long road spring fine longer rock step flat looked rose stop found mine sad store four ,miss saw such gate mud saying summer glad myself seed supper gone near seen table gray now sell thin head nice set thinking hear noon sheep to-night help oh shop too here older show trust hold open sleep upon house our slow walk hunt outside soft water ,standard ,number of ,errors ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,,ii4 #aj ,,ii4 #aj ,,ii4 #aj ,,ii4 #aj ,,iii4 #e ,,iii4 #e ,,iii4 #e ,,iii4 #e #ac #ad #ae #af went bright fellow market were bringing fire master while buy first meal who children flower meet wide clear frost met wife clock gather might window close given mind winter coming glass move without cool ground nap air could hang neck alive dance held next also die horse north asleep done ,june nothing ate pale know other been dress lady pass behind every leave goats bid fair leg right bit farmer lift round boat father loved rush both feed many seven ,standard ,number of ,errors ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,,ii4 #ab ,,ii4 #ab ,,ii4 #ab ,,ii4 #ab ,,iii4 #f ,,iii4 #g ,,iii4 #g ,,iii4 #g #ag #ah #ai #bj shall to seen oh short way him wood shut we hay blue sick dear rain hear sit some can't fair something ring here might sound ball there new south bee son buy start ,may too know stick bad bear meet still red two right stood one low road street by sell die taken made ate done taking sun very flower teach feet read air then ,miss our be these do four bread true sent gray needs try week meat not ,standard ,number of ,errors ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,i4 7 7 ,,ii4 #ab ,,ii4 #f ,,ii4 #i ,,ii4 #ab ,,iii4 #g ,,iii4 #c ,,iii4 #e ,,iii4 #g ,,third ,,grade ,,directions ,,to ,,third ,,grade ,,teachers ,the advance lessons1 numbered #a to #bh inclusive1 contain a minimum list of #ebh new words4 ,the supplementary list contains #hj words1 which although easy to spell are not so frequently used in writing letters as are the words of the minimum list4 ,this supplementary list is meant for those schools which because of the long school term or for other reasons1 finish the minimum list before the end of the term or year4 ,the lessons marked ,r-#a1 ,r-#b1 ,r-#c1 ,r-#d1 are made up of the eighty words taught in preceding grades1 but which still give considerable difficulty to third grade children4 ,they should be thoroughly mastered4 ,directions for ,teacher4--,for the first few lessons direct your attention to systematizing class procedure and to teaching pupils how to study effectively4 ,read carefully again the suggestions on pages vii to xvi4 ,pupils in the third grade should be able to make their own corrections so that time may now be saved by having the pupils exchange papers during the first two tests4 ,the teacher should continue to correct the papers written on the final test4 ,the following suggestions will be helpful in getting the cooperation of pupils4 ,after the papers have been exchanged say1 ,in writing1 it is important not only that you know how to spell1 but also that you make your letters so that the person who reads your paper can tell easily what you have written4 ,this is the reason that ,i have asked you to exchange papers4 ,many people write so that certain letters cannot be told from other letters4 ,this is true of z1 g1 and y2 o and a2 t and l2 n and u2 h and k4 ,when you correct papers and cannot tell which of two letters the writer intended1 mark the word wrong4 ,also mark it wrong if a letter has been written over or a change made4 ,words should be learned so that they will be written correctly without hesitation the first time4 ,any word which has not been learned so that it may be written correctly the first time should be studied again4 ,remember that the purpose of this test is to find out which words need further study4 ,it does not affect your grades4 ,you will do the pupil whose paper you have a favor by marking his errors so that he may correct them4 ,mark each error by placing after it a cross--so 7x74 ,pupils should keep a special list of words which they have missed in their compositions4 ,these words should be studied by the same method used in studying the regular spelling lesson4 ,such words will not be taken up1 however1 in the regular lessons4 ,remember that the lessons are arranged by weeks rather than by days4 ,the work for each week consists of one advance column and one review column4 ,the review column in each case is the fourth column preceding the advance work4 ,that is1 it is made up of a week's work one month old4 ,for example1 column #e contains #bj new words to be learned in one week4 ,during the same week1 column #a should be reviewed4 ,the lesson for the first week consists of column #a1 which is the advance lesson1 and of column ,r #a1 which is the review4 ,r-#a ,r-#b ,r-#c ,r-#d dark meal also five fair market held shed feed leave nap leg ,june gather sound might sit air these frost nothing alive lift shall nor street hope white saying stick buy looked step something neck taken drop took next loved dress master short than road glass such hang ground both right pass given been move asleep other behind mind fellow bit bright met small beside lady done farmer became walk seven know gray try fire bringing water thinking rush taking ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,ii4 #f ,,ii4 #g ,,ii4 #g ,,ii4 #h ,,iii4 #c ,,iii4 #c ,,iii4 #c ,,iii4 #d ,,iv4 #a ,,iv4 #a ,,iv4 #a ,,iv4 #b #a #b #c #d tone banks toy bay blush yours age cent cramp tan being grade goods bag lot ,monday tub line pay pie blot dine seeing pin cards guns along stove cars map aside trip cave bind band bat chase girls belong blank darn save game car hook kinds hall card keg bath lake date lip lap lost hog yell lock mad kid pave weeks ,march landing peck fool nut mail plants salt oil mark sole near-by silk net split plans singing park ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,ii4 #d ,,ii4 #h ,,ii4 #h ,,ii4 #i ,,iii4 #b ,,iii4 #d ,,iii4 #d ,,iii4 #e ,,iv4 #a ,,iv4 #b ,,iv4 #a ,,iv4 #b #e #f #g #h horn sport page rent looks ,sunday paper spell dig tent plate post gives working price thanking pant able spent train mouse arm walking add shore art willing bean tall bake within bet bless born yard bunch fond faster added cane showing finding asking cash mat forgot below cattle pipe form blame clay books grand camp colder tender helping cast cooking steam hit ,christmas cord roar ill class farming star kill clean list tool mill cost lunch bone note danger paying ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,ii4 #i ,,ii4 #aj ,,ii4 #aa ,,ii4 #aa ,,iii4 #e ,,iii4 #e ,,iii4 #f ,,iii4 #f ,,iv4 #b ,,iv4 #b ,,iv4 #c ,,iv4 #c #i #aj #aa #ab ink drum lump rice inch egg mate rug print feeding mouth slip brand finger number smart tenth fit order spelling tip forgive ours stamp plow ,friday pole test wake fur porch washing whenever glee race wishing wild goat rate belt fort grant reading grape peach heat real eve sin holding report glove wool hour saved job sum however seat lace rail hunting shot law sack ,july sink mend rank kindly sort ranch brick larger spot roll write luck stone self ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,ii4 #aa ,,ii4 #ab ,,ii4 #ab ,,ii4 #ab ,,iii4 #g ,,iii4 #g ,,iii4 #g ,,iii4 #h ,,iv4 #c ,,iv4 #c ,,iv4 #c ,,iv4 #d #ac #ad #ae #af wash rather teacher birthday wet full tie bite slide strong whatever block stock hug across body swell strange again dig trade draw ahead boxes wheel lines alone broke word candy always brought drew sail another called shows drink apart case blood goes ,april catch lots comes asked chair grapes pile aunt check forms dare badly church mix means basket cloth rub shake beat clothing sake swing because club maid hide beg coal sweep desk begin contest fry wants bench corner ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,ii4 #ac ,,ii4 #ac ,,ii4 #ac ,,ii4 #ac ,,iii4 #h ,,iii4 #h ,,iii4 #h ,,iii4 #h ,,iv4 #d ,,iv4 #d ,,iv4 #d ,,iv4 #d #ag #ah #ai #bj count garden killed own cross gift later pack darling grandma least pain dead great less party deal soda lie passing dearly hair lovely past ,december half making picking deed happen matter please died harder mean plum early hardly miss pocket eighth having money point enter hearing nearly pound evening apples shame pure fear herself need queen fight high nobody rabbit file himself none reach floor hole nor riding flour hundred nose rolling forest indeed oats roof forth jump only row ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,ii4 #ac ,,ii4 #ac ,,ii4 #ac ,,ii4 #ac ,,iii4 #h ,,iii4 #h ,,iii4 #h ,,iii4 #h ,,iv4 #d ,,iv4 #d ,,iv4 #d ,,iv4 #d #ba #bb #bc #bd safe alike those hour seem white thought mail sending pork thus write shade yellow tiny flour shape yourself twenty eight shoe shoot warm weak sight spite washed sole silver swim weak ours sir things which past sorry gay wonder their space grave erect beat spend golden worked pain spending sharp world flower spoke smell woven hall storm smile yesterday maid sunshine stir above sum talk boy act real talking drawn almost ate teeth blanket anything cent their feather before need ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,ii4 #ac ,,ii4 #ac ,,ii4 #ad ,,ii4 #ac ,,iii4 #h ,,iii4 #i ,,iii4 #i ,,iii4 #h ,,iv4 #d ,,iv4 #d ,,iv4 #d ,,iv4 #d #be #bf #bg #bh feast fix quilt sent men figs rag fur moon kept rid real mile lamp sauce sail plant pan speech roll bags soul spoon sour beans spoil steak stain dish truth straw boy lead wed vines died hogs roots worms forth crutch bare ants great prune fought bark mid smoke blight bend bus spray led bills dirt tea comb breath hair thanks farms fields choose sea eggs bud lie laugh lawn lend seem knee miles hills taste pears pail key skip ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,ii4 #ab ,,ii4 #ae ,,ii4 #ae ,,ii4 #ae ,,iii4 #g ,,iii4 #aj ,,iii4 #aj ,,iii4 #aj ,,iv4 #c ,,iv4 #e ,,iv4 #e ,,iv4 #e ,s-#a ,s-#b ,s-#c ,s-#d cab pet asks trick cape heal bald mumps bug heel pails takes dull hens blind bedtime fold grin crack pants poem pour bush hilly gun pray bull flight kick hose cords houses scratch pond cuff postman mop twin dusty hoarse nail make dwell hopes pint rode drag knife ties loaf drown greet push loop desk lamps rope root plush makes split scar sadly gloves mob tuck scalp gentle nod moth roses glance pad oars glue manly rob weed grab shelf ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,ii4 #ae ,,ii4 #ae ,,ii4 #ae ,,ii4 #ae ,,iii4 #aj ,,iii4 #aj ,,iii4 #aj ,,iii4 #aj ,,iv4 #e ,,iv4 #e ,,iv4 #e ,,iv4 #e ,,fourth ,,grade ,,directions ,,to ,,fourth ,,grade ,,teachers ,the advanced lessons numbered #a to #cb inclusive contain #fbj new words4 ,the supplementary list containing #hj new words is meant for schools which because of the long term or for other reasons1 finish the minimum list of words before the end of the year4 ,the lessons marked ,r-#a1 ,r-#b1 ,r-#c1 ,r-#d1 are made up of the #hj words in the third grade list which are most commonly misspelled by fourth grade children4 ,these #hj words should be thoroughly mastered4 ,there are also reviewed #bj homonyms which commonly are confused by children of this grade4 ,directions for ,teaching4--,read the preface and study with particular care the suggestions given on pages vii to xvi4 ,it would be well also to read the suggestions to first1 second and third grade teachers4 ,you will need to supervise the correction of papers by pupils very closely4 ,remember that the lessons are arranged by weeks rather than by days4 ,the work for each week consists of one advance column and one review column4 ,the review column in each case is the fourth column preceding the advance work4 ,that is1 it is made up of a week's work one month old4 ,for example1 column #e contains #bj new words to be learned in one week4 ,during the same week1 column #a should be reviewed4 ,the lesson for the first week consists of column #a1 which is the advance lesson1 and of column ,r #a1 which is the review4 ,r-#a ,r-#b ,r-#c ,r-#d ranch herself check pound movement rabbit file roof badly shame garden sending before those himself shade lie lovely lace silver nor need miss spoke past rolling only stock beg seem tiny trade corner beg which begin cast bench across darling least bite act deed slide drew beat feeding fear flour belt fit gift forth called goat indeed happen cloth soda roll killed club jump almost none hundred mend anything their list pack enter woven matter queen spend brick nearly rank ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,iii4 #ab ,,iii4 #aj ,,iii4 #aj ,,iii4 #f ,,iv4 #f ,,iv4 #e ,,iv4 #e ,,iv4 #c ,v4 #b ,v4 #b ,v4 #b ,v4 #a #a #b #c #d ,jan4 ,october brush kitten ,nov4 oven burn leader banker printed carpet lover delay soil cleaning liver ,feb4 remove counting lumber goldfish snowed dandy mailed overcoat snowing depend enroll ,sat4 stage dollar nation worker tank dresser office officers teaching fence outfit overlook ,tuesday fifty paint backing yearly football banking covering dislike friend stated ,dec4 scratch garment proper fishing agree handed sixty grove ,aug4 heating rained handy belonging homesick recall longest board inches recover maker boss ,january remark ,oct4 bother kinder renter ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,iii4 #f ,,iii4 #g ,,iii4 #h ,,iii4 #h ,,iv4 #c ,,iv4 #d ,,iv4 #d ,,iv4 #d ,v4 #a ,v4 #a ,v4 #b ,v4 #b #e #f #g #h reader sample fork know adding sickness ham speak size railroad rule blew rust post card ,mrs4 wheat likely some one pair third skate speaker use easy soap starting quick earth press staying wear twice tire unable sure music ten wanting trunk moved wire leaving turn wagon zone driver news visit neat marking fail wanted witch display grain thick best straight few watch cedar anyone lead sugar term rushed march does draft largely used worth per understanding wise would inclosed alley crop young ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,iii4 #h ,,iii4 #h ,,iii4 #aj ,,iii4 #aj ,,iv4 #d ,,iv4 #d ,,iv4 #e ,,iv4 #e ,v4 #b ,v4 #b ,v4 #b ,v4 #b #i #aj #aa #ab simple heard granted should carry patch seventh sirs learned chop raining export ,sept4 heap raised suffer shortly stunt rubber paid invited front sofa ends cared velvet dressed hoops lone dearest goose tear drill render death rates drug thread protest grandpa fruit brain cleaner tooth tile ocean trace clip dream rented chart beach leaves ford dozen giving pride lame packing charge renew tend month opens grown sixth wedding steamer partly temple cheer event pencil handle damp soup eighty folder removed couch ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,iii4 #aj ,,iii4 #aj ,,iii4 #aj ,,iii4 #aj ,,iv4 #e ,,iv4 #e ,,iv4 #e ,,iv4 #e ,v4 #b ,v4 #b ,v4 #b ,v4 #b #ac #ad #ae #af started battle gladly classes bought island team filling branch sooner content match thankful lesson pillow closed change mamma travel seventy country mighty booklet track printing moment center behalf feeling strongest newspaper calf harvest oldest prevent cotton somewhere unless treat grew finish trying former inspect welcome o'clock mostly postage ready opening range pump township walked awhile coast everyone people growing holder bathroom person keeping western weather picture bottle army together getting provide leather everything good-night bushel merry understand ,september quart noise ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,iii4 #aj ,,iii4 #aj ,,iii4 #aj ,,iii4 #aa ,,iv4 #e ,,iv4 #e ,,iv4 #e ,,iv4 #e ,v4 #b ,v4 #b ,v4 #b ,v4 #b #ag #ah #ai #bj station member company income brown wrote return bankers funny agent answer bookcase twelve sometime pleased reports coffee between remain teapot filled follow enough undress noted uncle amount waken plain build doctor pancake mailing county meeting papers otherwise payment fact plaster somewhat whole chance defeat itself building learn inclose pull study ,november mess kindness vote present pulse bleed heavy pretty rake hate trusting since slice labor ,thursday through toast reached chicken busy frozen largest selling guess bloom scout ticket waited climb ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,iii4 #aa ,,iii4 #aa ,,iii4 #aa ,,iii4 #aa ,,iv4 #e ,,iv4 #e ,,iv4 #f ,,iv4 #f ,v4 #b ,v4 #b ,v4 #c ,v4 #c #ba #bb #bc #bd expert fade saving gallon poorly knock thousand stair tax whip value excuse turkey causes request iron understood storage afraid exchange zero sudden suit demand absent noisy hotel hurry moving enclosed idea sale named ugly program figure rack windy among inform retail impress fully returned sock orders ,august wonderful chapter prison cause nicely dread replied vacation auto household charges serve valued leaf cracker thirty wished cloudy cupboard intend kitchen dispose dishes anyway sheet farther distant everybody duty packed eleven hurt plenty ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,iii4 #aa ,,iii4 #ab ,,iii4 #ab ,,iii4 #ab ,,iv4 #g ,,iv4 #g ,,iv4 #g ,,iv4 #g ,v4 #c ,v4 #c ,v4 #c ,v4 #c #be #bf #bg #bh rip cheek respect fancy steel delight voter located chill awake single talked joined repair anywhere dealing kisses living fresh lower knowing power higher bonnet reported smaller officer spread retain nature raw running treated changed title branches ,french contain improve broken jar monthly deliver greater learning gain liberty provided seal court proud afterward lamb kindest failed anyhow snap offering chain elect strongly meantime cleaned gown froze wrong dated greeting junk grind produce honest ordering share bugs lung circus extent locate remind ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,iii4 #ab ,,iii4 #ab ,,iii4 #ab ,,iii4 #ab ,,iv4 #g ,,iv4 #g ,,iv4 #g ,,iv4 #g ,v4 #c ,v4 #c ,v4 #c ,v4 #c #bi #cj #ca #cb owe male gem plain worm most tail per earn melt task board yoke mode tape size pearl mood lack haul offer rural thrown tax years pear through wrote heart peas toe build often mouse legal whole shirt pests tore cast hoped sales trim stair firms scold mental sale bail seek urged beet marry shell vest pair rainy sneeze booster wear silly path wipe knew fudge jelly yield blew broad staid manual would shine stoves boost lone equal stuck walnut grown ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,iii4 #ab ,,iii4 #ac ,,iii4 #ae ,,iii4 #aa ,,iv4 #g ,,iv4 #h ,,iv4 #i ,,iv4 #e ,v4 #c ,v4 #d ,v4 #e ,v4 #b ,s-#a ,s-#b ,s-#c ,s-#d shirts tempt ages jolly muddy boy's alarm layer skim charm amuse breast sky faith bitter mince slap yards blanks legging slick bead brine dean stack grate cabin oyster stands socks pages pantry steep dates ,co4 parade sting yarn drift player stool wring dies wave stoop limp empty polish strip states escape puzzle stump stretch floss rules tack bruise strap saucer tag wreck frank scream tease peep haul screen tune peak heaven stag ways sketch lard steal words tact lean eighth ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,iii4 #aj ,,iii4 #ac ,,iii4 #ae ,,iii4 #ae ,,iv4 #e ,,iv4 #h ,,iv4 #i ,,iv4 #aj ,v4 #b ,v4 #d ,v4 #e ,v4 #e ,,fifth ,,grade ,,directions ,,to ,,fifth ,,grade ,,teachers ,the minimum lessons for this grade are numbered from #a to #cb1 and contain #fbj new words of the minimum list4 ,the lessons marked ,r-#a1 ,r-#b1 ,r-#c1 ,r-#d1 are made up of words from the fourth grade lessons which are most frequently misspelled by fifth grade children4 ,in addition to these eighty review words1 there is one review lesson containing homonyms4 ,there are also two supplementary lessons made up of words which are new but which are not so commonly used as those in the minimum list4 ,as in preceding grades1 these supplementary lessons are introduced in order to afford additional work for classes which finish the regular lessons before the end of the year4 ,there are also two lessons containing names of the months1 days of the week1 and certain abbreviations4 ,directions for ,teaching4--,read carefully the suggestions on pages vii to xvi4 ,read also the suggestions to teachers of the first four grades4 ,see to it that your pupils attack their lessons in an aggressive manner4 ,the pupils in grade five do considerable work in written composition1 so it will be well to watch very closely the errors made in such work4 ,have the pupils learn all words misspelled in their written work1 using the same method as in their regular spelling lessons4 ,remember that the lessons are arranged by weeks rather than by days4 ,the work for each week consists of one advance column and one review column4 ,the review column in each case is the fourth column preceding the advance work4 ,that is1 it is made up of a week's work one month old4 ,for example1 column #e contains #bj new words to be learned in one week4 ,during the same week1 column #a should be reviewed4 ,the lesson for the first week consists of column #a1 which is the advance lesson1 and of column ,r #a1 which is the review4 ,r-#a ,r-#b ,r-#c ,r-#d running joined wrong broad legal tax anyway cleaned mental chapter greater eighty process dread hurt everybody booster farther junk froze rural fully o'clock fruit manual idea ordering granted straight inspect anyhow kindest enroll jar blew lamb mamma kitchen chain leaf rainy knowing enclosed liberty owe dealing circus living ,french expert gallon ,mrs4 largely frozen greeting neat cedar guess opening ocean together moment noisy officer term reached retail pencil busy remind worm pretty gain serve afterward program intend valued among provided ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,iv4 #ac ,,iv4 #h ,,iv4 #h ,,iv4 #g ,v4 #h ,v4 #d ,v4 #d ,v4 #c ,,vi4 #e ,,vi4 #b ,,vi4 #b ,,vi4 #b #a #b #c #d acting charming copy shed ,bible chum wait birth closer clever edge speed crib colt won odd depending drilling brace mass glasses earning beef youth grandfather flesh enjoy fuel maple formed joke worse overlooked globe favor hare painted hardware until loud pending joyful peace jaw planted lighting reply main posted likewise frame wage printer loaded rough tread renting lucky family score stranger painter slipper scale tested reaching wishes cure trained respond united rye whereby red nerve graze candle sash caused creep ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,iv4 #e ,,iv4 #g ,,iv4 #g ,,iv4 #h ,v4 #b ,v4 #c ,v4 #c ,v4 #d ,,vi4 #a ,,vi4 #b ,,vi4 #b ,,vi4 #b #e #f #g #h scare sore diner sewing fifth gas burst steady hers says listen dirty ease whom powder ivory scrap union pitcher turned dose women voice eager throw stuff linen bridge tried crazy built freeze checks tired fixed narrow hasten force penny refuse chore habit liked strike notes piano taught insist scrub cough rapid seemed seems nurse finest caught ,ave4 raise dairy valley finds ought loyal comply bulbs extra devil weary grit appear organ reduce dodge fourth await showed weekly button blessed angry ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,iv4 #h ,,iv4 #h ,,iv4 #h ,,iv4 #h ,v4 #d ,v4 #d ,v4 #d ,v4 #d ,,vi4 #b ,,vi4 #b ,,vi4 #b ,,vi4 #b #i #aj #aa #ab admire needed placing eighteen bundle bottom reaches northern runner figured somebody thirteen sentence comfort movement amounting shadow throat informed withdraw insure stating handsome including friendly surface inviting industry papered foolish contained breaking circle carried ,english post-office gaining message helpful homestead cooler central improved workmanship ,easter helped changing housekeeping boiler active checking handled elbow shoulder intended inclosing enlarge closing visited returning formal opened dealings settlement regain played stamped nevertheless bracelet covered watching language amounts damage anybody hereafter charged quickly pavement production ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,iv4 #h ,,iv4 #h ,,iv4 #h ,,iv4 #h ,v4 #d ,v4 #d ,v4 #d ,v4 #d ,,vi4 #b ,,vi4 #b ,,vi4 #b ,,vi4 #b #ac #ad #ae #af picnic directed detail perfect taxes fitting action capital raising flavor ladies misplaced repeat products latter writing cheaper disposed manage subject decline recovered parlor furnish lowest discovered degree instead cutting checked useful advance stopped needle reason handling proven cheerful season daughter latest eleventh writer chairman setting deeply second requested conduct feeder record mountain dancing ,german notice potatoes devoted prevented direct answered studies suffering cousin contract hence crowded enjoyed treatment skating coasting explain delightful drafts divide married delivered clearly shower highest answering ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,iv4 #h ,,iv4 #h ,,iv4 #h ,,iv4 #h ,v4 #d ,v4 #d ,v4 #d ,v4 #d ,,vi4 #b ,,vi4 #b ,,vi4 #b ,,vi4 #b #ag #ah #ai #bj sew ordered though import deer factory during changes join middle enclose builder daily lonesome address mistake prize placed perhaps baseball began breakfast providing suitable public postal ashamed relations color beaten cottage appoint field extend already department cheap awaiting express nearer prove package ,saturday months chest history greatest expect waist obtain delighted preach kept square shipment proved known finished painting cheese judge fifteen pleasure sleepy settle waiting trouble frankly woman invite several prices dealer orange training poultry health require slippery writer's ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,iv4 #h ,,iv4 #h ,,iv4 #h ,,iv4 #aj ,v4 #d ,v4 #d ,v4 #d ,v4 #e ,,vi4 #b ,,vi4 #b ,,vi4 #b ,,vi4 #c #ba #bb #bc #bd buyer begun length ribbon proof buggy normal adjust spare sleet barrel notion apply topic begged quoted bluff chose submit unpaid waste admit borrow employ coach slept barley winner honor upper weight famous claim credit bigger gained ample attend collar recess lodge supply gotten served blaze result object namely level secure sleeve sorrow aware couple debate misses filing advice animal voting shock dainty cities agreed owned profit beauty offers actor regret lonely artist worst permit beyond factor acted buying loving recite ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,iv4 #aj ,,iv4 #aj ,,iv4 #aj ,,iv4 #aj ,v4 #e ,v4 #e ,v4 #e ,v4 #e ,,vi4 #c ,,vi4 #c ,,vi4 #c ,,vi4 #c #be #bf #bg #bh points truly bond lbs4 roast account sign bulk soak feel fee ,tues4 thumb quite quit germ warn regard view solo bathe suppose aid local blouse advise loss skirt cloud to-morrow diet worry friends desire fund pupil gorge further text quiet plait enclosing aim break stew question base owner strain acre grip fever stroll balance duet owing wealth else film shown guard hoping gravy crowd juice except limb model kegs statement lazy touch lease minute bowl weigh stitch oblige knot clerk ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,iv4 #i ,,iv4 #aj ,,iv4 #aj ,,iv4 #aj ,v4 #e ,v4 #e ,v4 #e ,v4 #e ,,vi4 #c ,,vi4 #c ,,vi4 #c ,,vi4 #c #bi #cj #ca #cb saddle husband deserve ,sunday fitted parties illness ,monday insert putting neglect ,tuesday backed invoice reduced ,wednesday baking obliged sitting ,thursday struck evident stories ,friday forward product excited ,saturday against matters letting ,january written climate breathe ,february machine primary needing ,march careful delayed offices ,april student fashion captain ,may greatly rapidly percent ,june quarter noticed blossom ,july correct plainly fullest ,august lecture elected renewed ,september holiday butcher serving ,october include example silence ,november pattern reserve uniform ,december measure soldier although ,christmas ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,iv4 #aj ,,iv4 #aj ,,iv4 #aj ,,iv4 #e ,v4 #e ,v4 #e ,v4 #e ,v4 #b ,,vi4 #c ,,vi4 #c ,,vi4 #c ,,vi4 #a #cc #cd ,s-#a ,s-#b ,sun4 feet fireman acres ,mon4 needed solve argue ,tues4 main stable border ,wed4 weigh starve mason ,thurs4 weight stiff acid ,fri4 freeze stingy ,china ,sat4 grip switch civil ,jan4 birth tablet harm ,feb4 won undo false ,aug4 sewing unpack acute ,sept4 base verse deny ,oct4 break grocer shove ,nov4 prize whisper envy ,dec4 peace clothes feat ,co4 waste drawing tool ,dr4 shown happens attic ,mr4 waist pretend voted ,mrs4 fourth groom muddy ,st4 capital olive shave ,ave4 wait launch veal ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,iv4 #e ,,iv4 #i ,,iv4 #i ,,iv4 #i ,v4 #b ,v4 #f ,v4 #f ,v4 #f ,,vi4 #a ,,vi4 #c ,,vi4 #c ,,vi4 #c ,,sixth ,,grade ,,directions ,,to ,,sixth ,,grade ,,teachers ,the advance lessons numbered #a to #cb inclusive contain #fdj new words4 ,the supplementary list containing #hj new words is meant for schools which1 because of the long term or for other reasons1 finish the minimum list of words before the end of the year4 ,the lessons marked ,r-l1 ,r-#b1 ,r-#c1 ,r-#d1 are made up of #hj words in the fifth grade list which are most commonly misspelled by sixth grade children4 ,directions for ,teaching4--,read the preface and study with particular care the suggestions given on pages vii to xvi4 ,it would be well also to read the suggestions given to teachers of the first five grades4 ,give particular attention to the correction of all written work4 ,remember that the lessons are arranged by weeks rather than by days4 ,the work for each week consists of one advance column and one review column4 ,the review column in each case is the fourth column preceding the advance work4 ,that is1 it is made up of a week's work one month old4 ,for example1 column #e contains #bj new words to be learned in one week4 ,during the same week1 column #a should be reviewed4 ,the lesson for the first week consists of column #a1 which is the advance lesson1 and of column ,r #a1 which is the review4 ,r-#a ,r-#b ,r-#c ,r-#d fund pattern buying advise habit caught fee collar owing writing invoice fever parties buyer oblige quarter proof couple opened to-morrow pupil forward rough its quiet gotten scrap hoping sigh voting aid measure until minute crazy owing barrel needed enclosing level clerk question greatly obliged color sew grip putting dealer throw loss regard handling although ought touch husband ample picnic truly model quite profit weigh parlor breakfast shown loving placing delayed break crowd though feel explain further account fourth shock waste ,standard ,number of ,errors ,v4 #e ,v4 #f ,v4 #g ,v4 #h ,,vi4 #c ,,vi4 #d ,,vi4 #d ,,vi4 #e ,,vii4 #a ,,vii4 #b ,,vii4 #b ,,vii4 #c #a #b #c #d delivery entering improving accept election dreadful performed herewith continue dwelling crippled attack property boarding requesting barrels prospect following increasing cactus shipping gentleman investment destroy standard perfectly throughout pepper enjoying ,wednesday explained errand properly directory addresses flowers visiting intention regulation grower relation happened containing nicer promised reduction furnishing fabric headache attending forwarding lemon required countries friendship olives gasoline obtained yourselves peaches nineteen enjoyment deportment places southern expressed ,thanksgiving ,day mitten frighten presented headquarter regards fourteen extending relationship sandy outlined traveling collections cooky ,standard ,number of ,errors ,v4 #e ,v4 #e ,v4 #e ,v4 #e ,,vi4 #c ,,vi4 #c ,,vi4 #c ,,vi4 #c ,,vii4 #a ,,vii4 #a ,,vii4 #a ,,vii4 #b #e #f #g #h polite million problem wired foggy total included exact samples duties private humor secured payable expected issue sections cigar advising moral severe final furnished bury melons polls foundation royal twelfth carrier geography sunny escort worthy companion curly buttons pastor location appeal cabbage modern directly common canon watched progress assist consent feature refreshment entire insects collect extended notify jealous jury conversation period laundry refused promotion burner listed ideal adventure caller pickle burden expecting concert publish fortune protected carbon hinges female concluded memory ,standard ,number of ,errors ,v4 #e ,v4 #e ,v4 #e ,v4 #f ,,vi4 #c ,,vi4 #c ,,vi4 #c ,,vi4 #d ,,vii4 #b ,,vii4 #b ,,vii4 #b ,,vii4 #b #i #aj #aa #ab chilly personal encourage loam presume reliable factories dirt regular absolute inspector berth special approved neglected due advised attended ourselves piece arrived commerce president loan certain consider reception firm connect honestly situation lose justify increase instruction ache liberal interest collection whose musical moderate composition fault natural prepared connecting passed quality suffered connection taste baggage charging consideration loose bidding resulting construction lime educate appointed correction wrap happily corrected difference terms seasons correctly instructed ditch credits dangerous particular loans instruct direction departments pity ,standard ,number of ,errors ,v4 #f ,v4 #f ,v4 #f ,v4 #g ,,vi4 #d ,,vi4 #d ,,vi4 #d ,,vi4 #d ,,vii4 #b ,,vii4 #b ,,vii4 #b ,,vii4 #b #ac #ad #ae #af queer important debating entirely growth prepare gentlemen automobile tight inquire believe effort fare item attention section chief lately information maybe forced beautiful service arrange group according future prompt booth depot remember addressed ninth forty condition recently smooth hospital replying promptly guide offered interested carefully calm hello either allow scarce channel advantage district debts favorable different promise strict ,february general instant crew curtain therefore surprise fern mentioned regarding mention bass using arrive education billed stayed success complete braid fairly forenoon neighbor ,standard ,number of ,errors ,v4 #g ,v4 #g ,v4 #g ,v4 #g ,,vi4 #d ,,vi4 #d ,,vi4 #d ,,vi4 #d ,,vii4 #b ,,vii4 #b ,,vii4 #b ,,vii4 #b #ag #ah #ai #bj alter chapel desired tanning reset closet domestic weighed gross seldom prepaid hurried trial parent furnace minister knows refund dentist supplied limit cement entitle division idle custom popular conclude towel poetry average preacher human apiece settled visitors amply hereby bedroom complain berry seller entered constant ankle utmost failure current ruin approve healthy rendered abroad boarder sixteen director manner brokers expects shopping retire harmony sweater produced tickle sleeper leading creamery govern justice ironing exciting potato observe wearing blooming garage outlook receive cherries ,standard ,number of ,errors ,v4 #g ,v4 #g ,v4 #g ,v4 #g ,,vi4 #d ,,vi4 #d ,,vi4 #d ,,vi4 #d ,,vii4 #b ,,vii4 #b ,,vii4 #b ,,vii4 #b #ba #bb #bc #bd remained vacant cases assure mountains elope aloud easily neighbors insult simply recent wondering deem cellar effect publisher width method volume agreeable facts tongue system machinery hymn sleigh social oversight ideas height spirit directors remit select avenue preparing avoid toward author addressing rifle violin prayer durable drama camera excess convention adopt wander liquid pertaining bacon occurs search considering satin fasten hungry reputation motor enable others permission avail secret league blackberries arise relief surely explaining apron parcel highly remembering sweat likely compare ,standard ,number of ,errors ,v4 #g ,v4 #h ,v4 #h ,v4 #h ,,vi4 #d ,,vi4 #e ,,vi4 #e ,,vi4 #e ,,vii4 #b ,,vii4 #b ,,vii4 #b ,,vii4 #b #be #bf #bg #bh engine propose citizen adjusted safely efforts capable soreness poison thunder applied umbrella desert useless courage landlady decent possible grammar freshman corset cashier prevail position gloomy manager expired national tomato decided affairs circular relating absence portion purchase theater support squeeze relative earnest proceed reunion graduate biggest concern journey supplies consist neither disturb telegram closely limited fearful discounts grocery ability gallery commence adopted assured instance indicate colored attempt addition attached tickled favored advanced maintain shipper federal attain arranged cabinet funeral confined hesitate ,standard ,number of ,errors ,v4 #h ,v4 #h ,v4 #h ,v4 #h ,,vi4 #e ,,vi4 #e ,,vi4 #e ,,vi4 #e ,,vii4 #b ,,vii4 #b ,,vii4 #b ,,vii4 #b #bi #cj #ca #cb calves attacked invest ,new ,york choice backward lettuce ,chicago clothe commands shipments ,philadelphia stalk carriage mileage ,cleveland debt catarrh questions ,detroit doubt combine muslin ,st4 ,louis ghost composed nearest ,boston guest compared chickens ,baltimore laid condemned occurred ,pittsburg missed consult onions ,los ,angeles priced culture oppose ,buffalo tract details eastern ,milwaukee route dismiss pamphlets ,minneapolis shipped materials partner ,newark signed fiction persons ,new ,orleans slight goodness persuade ,san ,francisco style forever procure ,seattle canned careless purple ,washington course granite quarrel ,cincinnati ere sprinkle scarcely ,portland ,standard ,number of ,errors ,v4 #h ,v4 #i ,v4 #i ,v4 7 7 ,,vi4 #e ,,vi4 #f ,,vi4 #f ,,vi4 7 7 ,,vii4 #b ,,vii4 #c ,,vii4 #c ,,vii4 7 7 ,s-#a ,s-#b ,s-#c ,s-#d accent quinine kodak affect members railway angel ashore counter remains burial lemonade affords sailor ceiling attempts bearing session offend basement ,europe solely paragraph behave confine subjects proceeds blister garnet suburb quartet bloomers griddle tackle reasons camping hammer tartar diameter caved humble wherein sandwich copied induce homely suite driving judging combined surround dropped ignore relate suspect dizzy mixture ditches tour dollars outcome forage traveler darkness packers grapevines housekeeper daytime precious lying wholly fallen pronounce major vinegar farmers proposed injury carload finely ,standard ,number of ,errors ,v4 #i ,v4 #aa ,v4 #aa ,v4 #h ,,vi4 #f ,,vi4 #h ,,vi4 #h ,,vi4 #e ,,vii4 #c ,,vii4 #e ,,vii4 #e ,,vii4 #b ,,seventh ,,grade ,,directions ,,to ,,seventh ,,grade ,,teachers ,the minimum lessons for this grade are numbered from #a to #cj inclusive and contain #fjj new words4 ,the supplementary lessons contain #fj new words which are not so commonly used as those in the minimum lessons4 ,as in preceding grades1 these supplementary lessons are introduced in order to afford additional work for classes which finish the regular lessons before the end of the year4 ,the lessons marked ,r-l1 ,r-#b1 ,r-#c1 ,r-#d1 are made up of words from the sixth grade lessons which are most frequently misspelled by seventh grade children4 ,directions for ,teaching4--,read carefully the suggestions on pages vii to xvi4 ,read also the suggestions to teachers in the first six grades4 ,as in grades four1 five and six1 the spelling errors found in pupils' compositions should be rigorously corrected4 ,remember that the lessons are arranged by weeks rather than by days4 ,the work for each week consists of one advance column and one review column4 ,the review column in each case is the fourth column preceding the advance work4 ,that is1 it is made up of a week's work one month old4 ,for example1 column #e contains #bj new words to be learned in one week4 ,during the same week1 column #a should be reviewed4 ,the lesson for the first week consists of column #a1 which is the advance lesson1 and of column ,r #a1 which is the review4 ,r-#a ,r-#b ,r-#c ,r-#d decided easily interested lose either instant likely clothe extended neither delivery missed favored mention doubt ,dr4 hospital remit fern shipped relative replying item strict piece perfectly loose choice queer purchase mentioned maintain system surprise passed ,february telegram absence spirit maybe ,wednesday circular supplies using ache graduate support ability believe instance toward nineteen consist manager accept choose favorable receive addressed moral growth particular attempt regarding indicate supplied assured stayed lately tight biggest course limited cashier cellar forenoon minister fabric concern hello ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #e ,,vi4 #e ,,vi4 #g ,,vi4 #h ,,vii4 #c ,,vii4 #c ,,vii4 #d ,,vii4 #e ,,viii4 #b ,,viii4 #b ,,viii4 #b ,,viii4 #c #a #b #c slightly forgotten extensive appeared represent quotation assembly complaint seventeen selected youngster effective struggle nightgown interests supposed certainly patent enrolled satisfied comfortable procured increased instructive followed selection improvement restless accomplish considered internal doubtless importance accounts entertain reasonable contents advertise interesting distance forwarded republican describe justified themselves overalls published represented presents treasurer circulation gathered connected subscriber availing difficult appointment gratitude described expression ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #e ,,vi4 #e ,,vi4 #e ,,vii4 #c ,,vii4 #c ,,vii4 #c ,,viii4 #b ,,viii4 #b ,,viii4 #b #d #e #f attraction bride whether adjustment awful anxious federation usual realize introduction ,prof4 patient remembered refer banquet introduced gland exactly graduation decide nervous manufacture error suggest connections madam expense educational salary society frightened broker article quotations copies library approached policy thereto entertainment really junior stockholders actual opinion considerable design inasmuch publication college arrival satisfaction affair deposit transportation pardon salesman international purpose securing ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #e ,,vi4 #g ,,vi4 #g ,,vii4 #c ,,vii4 #d ,,vii4 #d ,,viii4 #b ,,viii4 #b ,,viii4 #b #g #h #i favors exercise balances pudding material contemplate uneasy medicine handkerchief accuse knowledge neighborhood discuss splendid installed occur valuable surprised entry establish dependent cartoon purchased distribute studied argument apartment figuring lovingly services motion carrying depositors ,bro4 accident establishing therein bicycle conditions attach customer observation writers received passenger awaken situated requirements stylish arriving destroyed matron earliest possibly drawer happiness underwear porter continued conclusion ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #g ,,vi4 #g ,,vi4 #g ,,vii4 #d ,,vii4 #d ,,vii4 #d ,,viii4 #b ,,viii4 #b ,,viii4 #b #aj #aa #ab fierce territory orchard freight character suggesting haste prefer acquaint hauled description approach heir operation biscuit niece commercial canoe strength democrat bungalow quote finally consumption source available cultivate brief accordance interview choir confidence review coarse develop ruffle meant etc4 trolley mere fortunate engage sense satisfy ferry herein receiving thereafter type entitled prospects based generally ,pres4 urge expensive transactions grippe previous altitude ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #h ,,vi4 #h ,,vi4 #h ,,vii4 #e ,,vii4 #e ,,vii4 #e ,,viii4 #c ,,viii4 #c ,,viii4 #c #ac #ad #ae evidently qualities signature instructor substitute ordinary literary compelled relieve applicant formerly influence impose honorable government thereof instrument investigation enrollment politics series genuine choosing afford believing electrical favorably constitution transit attorney disposal authorized journal extreme contemplated institute lining estimated candidate personality identify merchandise prosperous letters distribution tatting mercantile similar blizzard worrying exhibit cushion disgusted considerably equally realizing renewal gradually admission succeed ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #h ,,vi4 #h ,,vi4 #i ,,vii4 #e ,,vii4 #e ,,vii4 #f ,,viii4 #c ,,viii4 #c ,,viii4 #d #af #ag #ah strictly barely assistant studying engineering industrial elsewhere orchestra sirup lading crocheting arrangements impression illustrated inquiry announce succeeded auction development exclusively appreciated explanation supervisor principal sincere civics usually stationary criticize circumstances confer attitude variety jobber congratulate presence transact electricity practical decision existing assistance moisture prosperity equipment administration talent registration employee appearance duplicate excitement inquiries particularly acceptance planned absolutely organize athletics basis ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #i ,,vi4 #aj ,,vi4 #aj ,,vii4 #f ,,vii4 #g ,,vii4 #g ,,viii4 #d ,,viii4 #d ,,viii4 #d #ai #bj #ba business practice safety pleasant beginning unusual appreciate experience surplus necessary acknowledge typhoid probably benefit coupon receipt subscription disagreeable sincerely awfully heretofore opportunity secretary welfare inst4 successful assurance proposition premium auditor foreign magazine exceptional institution association assignment examination certificate confirm university commission possession imagine excellent attendance additional literature demonstration alfalfa annual assume terrible organization correspond separate remittance goodbye envelope arrangement consequently ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #aj ,,vi4 #aj ,,vi4 #aj ,,vii4 #g ,,vii4 #g ,,vii4 #g ,,viii4 #d ,,viii4 #d ,,viii4 #e #bb #bc #bd privilege readily recommend guarantee vicinity definite rheumatism corporation correspondence guaranteed crochet courtesy schedule assigned judgment data ninety courteous ,latin sympathy thoroughly majority disease ,chautauqua suggested planning efficiency control advisable approval established original senior ,christian merely furniture operating practically regularly patron science contemplating religious advertisement difficulty altogether semester issued bargain quantity profession engineer response allowed responsible capacity examine situated catalogue glorious ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #aa ,,vi4 #aa ,,vi4 #ab ,,vii4 #h ,,vii4 #h ,,vii4 #i ,,viii4 #e ,,viii4 #e ,,viii4 #f #be #bf #bg certified associated custard dismissal timothy double develops accomplished resign estimate tendency panel heavily confirming pamphlet horrible congratulation familiar obligate illustrating sermon traffic meter hustle trifle reliability janitor exceed resource occupy finance examiner warehouse overdo demonstrated envelop residence carnival preside camphor conservatory scholar discussion consultation museum galvanized enormous methods interrupt legislation patience intimate maturity fundamental luncheon nickel accredited mattress manufacturing continuous ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #aa ,,vi4 #aa ,,vi4 #ab ,,vii4 #h ,,vii4 #h ,,vii4 #h ,,viii4 #e ,,viii4 #e ,,viii4 #e #bh #bi #cj adapted buried rhubarb almonds marked initials analyze foliage confidential capitol heading irrigate faculty locally mutually formula luxury engaged mutual medium ,vice ,pres4 nursery quietly circulars quoting rabbits exercised salad razor childhood scenery refers vegetable tobacco reverse packages towards shining terribly opera solid desirable urgent survey determine via turkeys shortage visitor visits rainfall widow vomit wherever accompany wasted fertilizers apricot confess adequate ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #aj ,,vi4 #i ,,vi4 #aj ,,vii4 #g ,,vii4 #f ,,vii4 #g ,,viii4 #d ,,viii4 #c ,,viii4 #d ,s-#a ,s-#b ,s-#c items willow muscle honey gospel guilty stormy wisdom soldiers stupid naughty handles negro slowly hearty tailor expand helper sire arises somehow rally sewed raisin toilet murder jewels tower miner napkin unload holy dessert upset vigor lessons utter lawyer marble vice crown scatter vessel vague millers wages votes minded warmly yacht roomer repay cable earlier mercy create remarks whistle ladder kindle ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #g ,,vi4 #g ,,vi4 #g ,,vii4 #d ,,vii4 #d ,,vii4 #d ,,viii4 #b ,,viii4 #b ,,viii4 #b ,,eighth ,,grade ,,directions ,,to ,,eighth ,,grade ,,teachers ,the minimum lessons for this grade are numbered from #a to #be inclusive1 and contain #ejj new words4 ,there are in addition #bdj supplementary words which are new1 but which are not so frequently used as those in the minimum list4 ,the four lessons marked ,r-#a1 ,r-#b1 ,r-#c1 ,r-#d1 are made up of those words in the preceding grades which are most frequently missed by eighth grade students4 ,the lesson marked ,special ,review1 contains the hardest words1 of the two thousand most frequently used in correspondence4 ,in addition1 there are four letters which should be given as dictation exercises4 ,these letters contain a large number of words which are very likely to be misspelled1 as shown by their frequency of use in correspondence and the percentage of error of eighth grade pupils who attempt to spell them4 ,remember that the lessons are arranged by weeks rather than by days4 ,the work for each week consists of one advance column and one review column4 ,the review column in each case is the fourth column preceding the advance work4 ,that is1 it is made up of a week's work one month old4 ,for example1 column #e contains #bj new words to be learned in one week4 ,during the same week1 column #a should be reviewed4 ,the lesson for the first week consists of column #a1 which is the advance lesson1 and of column ,r #a1 which is the review4 ,r-#a ,r-#b ,r-#c ,chautauqua planning separate schedule remittance advisable guaranteed probably awfully rheumatism sincerely disease privilege arrangement sense efficiency considerably familiar inst4 capacity merely judgment corporation presence recommend usually receiving thoroughly choir similar correspondence inquiry variety courteous renewal crochet semester alfalfa imagine practically basis organization opportunity benefit successful literature catalogue sympathy absolutely excellent appreciated receipt necessary assigned definite quantity assistant guarantee response pleasant ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #ae ,,vi4 #ac ,,vi4 #ab ,,vii4 #ab ,,vii4 #i ,,vii4 #h ,,viii4 #i ,,viii4 #f ,,viii4 #e ,r-#d #a #b relieve convince reference surprised transfer companies appreciate independent discourage assistance investigate insurance candidate wholesale inclined certificate democratic organized distribution employer ambition magazine exception attractive principal confident credited readily advertised notified registration constantly operated commission manufacturer worried equipment sanitary automatic exhibit submitted accord nervous liable frequently practical evidence management regularly concerning generous succeed assuring involved uneasy positive misunderstanding duplicate superior representation ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #aj ,,vi4 #g ,,vi4 #g ,,vii4 #g ,,vii4 #d ,,vii4 #d ,,viii4 #d ,,viii4 #b ,,viii4 #b #c #d #e invitation contrary abstract celebrate entertaining employed discontinued examined register respectfully profitable resident obligation registered vision occupied reservation favorite application universal nephew accordingly requirement regardless collecting deliveries satisfactory convinced desiring serious destination conference ,hallowe'en agriculture strawberries pneumonia fashionable advancement appendicitis combination decrease ingredients resigned deserved phosphorus membership triumph telephone supervision graduating temperature clause hustling possibilities activity numerous temptation impossible raiser constructed ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #g ,,vi4 #g ,,vi4 #aj ,,vii4 #d ,,vii4 #d ,,vii4 #g ,,viii4 #b ,,viii4 #b ,,viii4 #d #f #g #h ,pullman librarian superintendent cistern agricultural occasion customers announcement representative sight-seeing completely possibility warrant ballot all right acknowledged cooperative especially electric cordial committee borrowers inferior immediately circumstance preliminary analysis opposite disappointed bulletin edition physical mortgage excursion exceptionally referred patronage annually referring professor exhausted convenience restaurant responsibility allotment commencement algebra installment chaperon executive advertising thesis permanent administrator possess soliciting straightened physician alumni epidemic ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #ab ,,vi4 #ab ,,vi4 #ac ,,vii4 #h ,,vii4 #i ,,vii4 #aj ,,viii4 #e ,,viii4 #f ,,viii4 #g #i #aj #aa vary specially ambitions duly extremely appreciation leisure calendar communication acquire originally commissioner agency official exhibition immense candidacy mechanical hastily extension specification various naturally consequence unlock cordially disappoint solicit customary remembrance medical campaign authority license financial appreciating client associate interfere ,sabbath acquainted sufficient injure personally cooperating stomach immediate relieved notary esteemed cooperation surgery executed anticipate losing postscript preparation council convenient satisfactorily ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #ae ,,vi4 #ac ,,vi4 #ac ,,vii4 #aj ,,vii4 #aj ,,vii4 #aj ,,viii4 #f ,,viii4 #g ,,viii4 #g #ab #ac #ad individual bonus patronize actually unusually probably merit disappointment reverend fertilize ,x-ray manufactured necessity canvass typewriter community enthusiasm enclosure bureau accompanying illustrate grateful tuberculosis preserve correspondent politician opportune quantities anticipating appetite thorough characteristic bronchitis compliment anniversary discussed geometry zephyr privileged regretting peculiarities courtesies equipped assortment desirous prior illustration promenade efficient inducement strenuous affectionately label kimono lieutenant practicing ultimo fraternally amendment aggravate ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #ad ,,vi4 #ad ,,vi4 #ae ,,vii4 #aj ,,vii4 #aa ,,vii4 #ab ,,viii4 #g ,,viii4 #h ,,viii4 #h #ae #af #ag principle articles decomposed professional bachelor developing circuit benefits embroidery acquaintance infected employment scientific minimum enjoyable inconvenience miserable immensely enthusiastic objection experiment recd4 opinions facilities assessment sidewalk gardening materially stopping inventory recommendation tomatoes irrigation supplement treasure mentioning confirmation vineyard memorandum occasionally advantages measuring apparatus asparagus officials essential carpenter operations unnecessary casseroles previously accommodate catalogues proportion affidavit comfortably specimens definitely temporary spineless ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #ae ,,vi4 #ab ,,vi4 #ab ,,vii4 #ac ,,vii4 #h ,,vii4 #h ,,viii4 #i ,,viii4 #e ,,viii4 #e #ah #ai #bj cafeteria accommodation nowadays squirrels accommodations steadily straighten acknowledging butter-fat substantial acknowledgment contented suggestion advantageous conveyance twenty-five anticipation scholarship undertake communications cooperate communicate financially cucumbers complement incidentally everywhere continually kindergarten impatient conveniently manufacturers inquiring unpleasant preliminaries missionary unfortunate solicitation organizing institutions undoubtedly positively progressive beautifully sometimes prospective presentation separately publications remittances sediments gymnasium unfortunately rosebushes memorandums unexpected rheumatic uncomfortable vice president correspondents ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #ab ,,vi4 #ac ,,vi4 #ab ,,vii4 #h ,,vii4 #aj ,,vii4 #i ,,viii4 #e ,,viii4 #g ,,viii4 #f #ba #bb ,ala4 7,alabama7 ,md4 7,maryland7 ,alaska ,mass4 7,massachusetts7 ,ariz4 7,arizona7 ,mich4 7,michigan7 ,ark4 7,arkansas7 ,minn4 7,minnesota7 ,cal4 7,california7 ,miss4 7,mississippi7 ,colo4 7,colorado7 ,mo4 7,missouri7 ,conn4 7,connecticut7 ,mont4 7,montana7 ,del4 7,delaware7 ,nebr4 7,nebraska7 ,d4 ,c4 7,district of ,nev4 7,nevada7 ,columbia7 ,n4 ,h4 7,new ,hampshire7 ,fla4 7,florida7 ,n4 ,j4 7,new ,jersey7 ,ga4 7,georgia7 ,n4 ,mex4 7,new ,mexico7 ,hawaii ,n4 ,y4 7,new ,york7 ,idaho ,n4 ,c4 7,north ,carolina7 ,ill4 7,illinois7 ,n4 ,dak4 7,north ,dakota7 ,ind4 7,indiana7 ,ohio ,iowa ,okla4 7,oklahoma7 ,kans4 7,kansas7 ,oregon ,ky4 7,kentucky7 ,pa4 7,pennsylvania7 ,la4 7,louisiana7 ,r4 ,i4 7,rhode ,island7 ,me4 7,maine7 ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 7 7 ,,vi4 7 7 ,,vii4 7 7 ,,vii4 7 7 ,,viii4 7 7 ,,viii4 7 7 #bc #bd ,s4 ,c4 7,south ,carolina7 ,a4 ,m4 7,forenoon7 ,s4 ,dak4 7,south ,dakota7 ,agt4 7,agent7 ,tenn4 7,tennessee7 ,assn4 7association7 ,tex4 7,texas7 ,a#a4 7,first class7 ,utah ,vt4 7,vermont7 bbl4 7barrel7 ,va4 7,virginia7 bbls4 7barrels7 ,wash4 7,washington7 bldg4 7building7 ,w4 ,va4 7,west ,virginia7 bu4 7bushel7 ,wis4 7,wisconsin7 ,capt4 7,captain7 ,wyo4 7,wyoming7 ,c4,o4,d4 7,collect on ,cuba ,delivery7 ,philippine ,islands c2 ct4 7cent7 ,porto ,rico cr4 7credit7 ,co4 7,company or cwt4 7hundredweight7 ,county7 doz4 7dozen7 ,messrs4 7,gentlemen7 gal4 7gallon7 ,r4,f4,d4 7,rural ,free ft4 7foot or feet7 ,delivery7 ,f4,o4,b4 7,free on ,board7 ,hon4 7,honorable7 acct4 7account7 i4e4 7that is7 ,dr4 7,doctor or debtor7 ,n4 ,b4 7take notice7 ,treas4 7,treasurer7 ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 7 7 ,,vi4 7 7 ,,vii4 7 7 ,,vii4 7 7 ,,viii4 7 7 ,,viii4 7 7 #be ,special ,review ,jour4 7,journal7 ,chautauqua in4 7inch or inches7 fraternally mdse4 7merchandise7 schedule ass't 7assistant7 guaranteed ,jr4 7,junior7 privilege ,mdlle4 7,mademoiselle7 affectionately mfg4 7manufacturing7 guarantee oz4 7ounces7 rheumatism sec'y 7secretary7 judgment pkg4 7package7 efficiency pr4 7pair7 recommend pd4 7paid7 referred ,p4 ,m4 7afternoon7 disappoint mgr4 7manager7 immediately ,p4 ,s4 7postscript7 referring pub4 7publisher7 equipped qt4 7quart7 grateful ,st4 7,saint or street7 bulletin ,supt4 7superintendent7 all right viz4 7namely7 mortgage ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 7 7 ,,vi4 7#af7 ,,vii4 7 7 ,,vii4 7#ac7 ,,viii4 7 7 ,,viii4 7#aj7 ,s-#a ,s-#b ,s-#c descend postpone resources necktie political respectable swallow elaborate sentiment nonsense exporting seriously oatmeal kidney suddenly wireless locations tablespoon afloat memorial telegraph tiresome muscular preparatory horseback negotiate commencing housework peculiar warranted wealthy unlikely occupant scarlet purposes performance whiskers readiness physiology scissors recognize bacteria scramble remaining beginner scribble resemble beneficial sweetness military proportions heaviest blossoms intentions slippers coloring accustomed accepted chemical opposition ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #i ,,vi4 #i ,,vi4 #ab ,,vii4 #f ,,vii4 #f ,,vii4 #h ,,viii4 #c ,,viii4 #c ,,viii4 #e ,s-#d ,s-#e ,s-#f attempting expressing machines economize expressions honored carelessness suggestions endorsed stenographer likelihood occasional decoration manufactures epistle particulars maintained misspell grandmother maintaining innocent extravagance occasions inferred firecracker notwithstanding matured exposition remitting proffer partially sentiments invested pleasantly specialty logic congenial unsettled audited carnation beforehand academy gophers misunderstand formally whatsoever alteration importing demonstrate apologies masonic disposition appreciates mutilate embroider contribution shelving prescription developments socialist ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #ab ,,vi4 #ab ,,vi4 #ab ,,vii4 #h ,,vii4 #h ,,vii4 #h ,,viii4 #e ,,viii4 #e ,,viii4 #e ,s-#g ,s-#h ,s-#i tenement accorded comment thereabouts activities descriptive transacted adjustable declamation indigestion affectionate deducted interruption undershirt economical facilitate appropriate encouragement facility approximately endeavor fraternity cemetery endeavoring inaugurate commodities expectation mathematics comparatively faculties reciprocate critical feasible tabernacle introduce financing thermometer dreadfully hysterics vivisection dividend ignoramus affiliated purchases inability appreciative directories industrious indefinitely disaster pocketbook probability dictionary representatives informal depositing instructions dressmaker depository sufficiently ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #ac ,,vi4 #ab ,,vi4 #ab ,,vii4 #aj ,,vii4 #h ,,vii4 #i ,,viii4 #g ,,viii4 #e ,,viii4 #f ,s-#aj ,s-#aa ,s-#ab detain alcohol exceedingly deprive charity insignificant exhaust comedy wonderfully whoever imitate measurement expire invalid sacrifice faithful lovable sarcastic frequent operate satisfying happiest opium selecting disgust remodel temperance apology taxicab thoughtfulness homelike allowing marriage hopeful borrowing unanswered intrude chocolate undertaking lantern promises willingly liquor conductor population output congress advisability outrage decorate agreement physic deposits celebration becoming developed comparison discount discover emergency ,standard ,number of ,errors ,,vi4 #i ,,vi4 #aj ,,vi4 #ab ,,vii4 #f ,,vii4 #g ,,vii4 #i ,,viii4 #c ,,viii4 #d ,,viii4 #f ,,use ,,of ,,the ,,contraction ,one of the first things to learn in writing letters is that the form and style of the letter must be suited to the message which the letter contains1 and to the relationship which exists between the person who sends the letter and the one who is to receive it4 ,the style of business letters must be clear1 direct1 and dignified4 ,with certain exceptions1 as in sales letters1 such letters are usually made very impersonal4 ,on the other hand1 personal letters are quite properly regarded by many as a sort of conversation in writing4 ,in writing to friends or to relatives one usually desires to be informal4 ,one of the ways of achieving this informality is through the use of colloquial ,english and contractions4 ,in the past1 many teachers of ,english have cautioned students against the use of contractions in letters2 but an examination of the correspondence of writers whose letters are regarded as models shows that most of these authors use contractions very freely4 ,if you will read the letters of ,henry ,adams1 ,stevenson1 ,gray1 ,henry ,james1 ,lamb1 ,carroll1 ,walpole1 ,keats1 ,emily ,dickinson1 ,thackeray1 ,dickens1 and others1 you will see that in writing to friends and members of their families they wrote much as they would have chatted with those to whom the letters were addressed4 ,in general1 then1 contractions are to be used only in informal or friendly correspondence4 ,in letters to strangers and in most business correspondence they should be avoided4 ,perhaps the best guide to the proper use of contractions is to be found in the models of writers who are famous for their personal letters4 can't ,you can't be too careful4 7,lamb7 don't 444 for1 ,o1 ,i don't know how long4 7,stevenson7 doesn't ,he doesn't agree with them all 444 7,stevenson7 won't ,this sort of thing won't do4 7,h4 ,james7 it's 444 ,it's a glorious afternoon 444 7,e4 ,dickinson7 ,i'm ,i'm three parts through ,burns2 444 7,stevenson7 ,i'll ,i'll try to improve it 444 7,stevenson7 haven't 444 ,i haven't yet had time to give 444 7,h4 ,james7 you'll ,you'll never guess2 444 7,carroll7 isn't ,it isn't like gold 444 7,e4 ,dickinson7 ,i've ,so ,i've been idle4 7,stevenson7 we'll ,we'll finish an education sometime 444 7,e4 ,dickinson7 wouldn't 444 but ,stephen wouldn't allow it 444 7,stevenson7 didn't 444 ,i didn't see him4 7,fitzgerald7 ,i'd ,another shot and ,i'd have gone to kingdom come4 7,stevenson7 you'd 444 and ,i beg you'd believe me 444 7,gray7 hadn't 444 if you hadn't seen her 444 7,h4 ,james7 hasn't ,this ought to have made me gay1 but it hasn't4 7,stevenson7 couldn't ,if it were easy to write a play1 ,i couldn't 444 think of it4 7,h4 ,james7 wasn't ,wasn't it curious8 7,carroll7 ,,dictation ,,exercises ,the following letters contain a large number of words which occur with relatively high frequency in correspondence1 and are quite likely to be misspelled by persons of eighth grade education4 ,they should be dictated in short phrases of three to five words without repetition1 pausing after each dictated phrase for the children to write4 ,the rate should be such1 however1 that the dictation and writing will be completed in the time designated in the note preceding each letter4 ,on the average this will be about one and one-half lines per minute4 ,a little practice will enable the teacher to dictate at this rate without difficulty4 ,pupils should be able to write these letters at the given speed without hesitation or error of spelling before they have completed the work of this grade4 ,,letter ,,no4 #a ,this letter should be dictated in three sections4 ,the first exercise extends to the end of the first paragraph1 including the heading and salutation1 and should be written in #h minutes4 ,the second exercise includes the second and third paragraphs and should be written in #i minutes4 ,the third exercise completes the letter and should be written in #f-a_/b minutes4 ,des ,moines1 ,iowa1 ,june #b1 #aibj4 ,,dear ,,mamma1 ,i suppose you feel that ,i have been very slow about writing1 but ,i haven't had a minute for either letter writing or pleasure the past few days4 ,i took my last test this forenoon--the terrible and much dreaded literature examination4 ,it lasted from ten o'clock until noon1 and though it was different from what ,i had expected ,i think ,i got along all right4 ,i probably won't get an excellent grade1 for ,i just had to make a guess at one answer ,i didn't know1 but you can't imagine how happy ,i am to be all through4 ,tomorrow will be the last day of school and our superintendent is going to let us celebrate with a class party4 ,aunt ,lucy wants me to stay with her another month1 but ,i am coming home ,saturday1 for ,i know ,i'll be eager to get back to the farm just as soon as we have good weather again4 ,last ,sunday ,i accepted ,edith's invitation to spend the day with her4 ,she lives about thirty miles from ,des ,moines1 and ,i enjoyed the drive over the country roads4 ,i'm sure ,i'll never lose my love for the farm4 ,i must tell you1 too1 about ,edith's brother1 a lieutenant1 who got his commission at the same time ,john did4 ,he is personally acquainted with ,john's captain and knew several other men in that company4 ,i was very much interested in his account of his army experiences4 ,i appreciated the check you enclosed in your last letter1 for ,i needed some money for my new dress4 ,i never realized before this year how much it costs to clothe a girl4 ,i wish you were here to advise me what kind of material to get4 ,i miss your judgment when ,i try to go shopping alone4 ,aunt ,lucy's voile dress has given her a great deal of service1 and so ,i think ,i'll decide on that material for my best summer dress4 ,remember me to the boys when you write1 and give my love to ,grandmother4 ,i do hope her rheumatism is better4 ,affectionately1 ,,helen4 ,,letter ,,no4 #b ,this letter should be dictated in two sections4 ,the first exercise extends to the end of the first paragraph1 including the heading and salutation1 and should be written in #ab minutes4 ,the second exercise completes the letter and should be written in #g minutes4 ,october #ah1 #aibj4 ,iowa ,land and ,loan ,company1 #gjf-gab ,commerce ,building1 ,des ,moines1 ,iowa4 ,,gentlemen1 ,we take this occasion to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the #agth inst41 and sincerely appreciate the interest which you have shown in our association4 ,we must find a permanent location for our ,chautauqua1 and believe that we have found lots which will be satisfactory1 especially since they are in a really pleasant locality1 convenient to the college4 ,since it will be necessary to investigate this business opportunity immediately1 we are referring the matter to a committee and we feel the analysis of the situation will be complete4 ,the committee to which this matter is referred will probably recommend giving a mortgage but quite certainly will receive advice on this point from representative citizens4 ,the money to carry on the investigation is in the ,first ,national ,bank1 the certificate of deposit being in the hands of the treasurer of the association4 ,if possible the members of the association would like to issue the bulletin which contains the course by the beginning of the season1 whether the matter of permanent grounds is thoroughly investigated1 or not4 ,experience has taught us1 too1 that the bulletins are received with more enthusiasm at an early date4 ,the truly awful accident of last year in which two people were killed when the tent fell will have its influence on our present campaign for a permanent building4 ,kindly give this matter your attention at your earliest convenience4 ,respectfully yours1 ,,henry ,,jones4 ,,letter ,,no4 #c ,this letter should be dictated in two sections4 ,the first exercise extends to the end of the second paragraph and should be written in #g minutes4 ,the second exercise completes the letter and should be written in #i minutes4 ,minneapolis1 ,minnesota1 ,march #bf1 #aibj4 ,,dear ,,father1 ,you can see from the article which ,i enclose that we did not disappoint our principal1 even though it has been impossible to practice during the past week4 ,under the circumstances it doesn't seem possible that we could have won1 but maybe our success was due to having no practice before the game4 ,some of the teams seemed rather over-trained4 ,the coach changed me to right forward1 although1 as you know1 ,i usually play at guard4 ,i suppose there was a doubt in his mind as to whether ,i could guard the tall forwards on some of the teams4 ,our team never played together better4 ,we didn't have so great a variety of plays as some of the other teams1 but relied almost entirely upon our short passing game4 ,what ,i liked especially was that there wasn't a single poor official4 ,one of the officials was the man who spoke last fall on our community health program4 ,i suppose the team will reach home ,saturday night4 ,i am sure that we ought not to stay here later than ,saturday noon4 ,the teams were entertained at the various fraternity houses and the men have been very much crowded to make room for us4 ,we certainly appreciate the good treatment we have received from these men and from everyone4 ,affectionately1 your son1 ,,harry4 ,,letter ,,no4 #d ,this letter should be dictated in three sections4 ,the first exercise extends to the end of the second paragraph1 including the heading and the salutation1 and should be written in #i minutes4 ,the second exercise includes the rest of the letter and should be written in #ab minutes4 ,not more than one exercise should be given in one day4 ,newark1 ,new ,jersey1 ,december #c1 #aibj4 ,mr4 ,frank ,a4 ,hardy1 ,managing ,editor1 ,national ,insurance ,journal1 ,boston1 ,massachusetts4 ,,my ,,dear ,,mr4 ,,hardy1 ,i am glad to make an immediate reply to your inquiry of ,december #a1 regarding ,miss ,henry's qualifications4 ,it is now eight years since ,miss ,henry first took a position with us4 ,she began as mail clerk1 working up rapidly through the ranks1 until she became private secretary to ,mr4 ,baldwin1 ,president of the ,central ,insurance ,company1 in which capacity she has served for four years1 becoming an important part of the institution4 ,we have found her always courteous1 thoroughly efficient in her work1 and absolutely reliable4 ,she is well equipped for a position on an insurance publication because of her magazine writing1 which she has been doing in connection with a course in journalism at the university this year4 ,she has been most successful in this work and hopes to find time to do more of it during the summer term if her schedule will permit4 ,it was only because of her great desire to continue her education that we were willing to accept her resignation1 and we knew that this year's work at the university would mean a broader field for her in the future4 ,i am enclosing a record of ,miss ,henry's work1 on the usual form kept for each employee1 showing the approximate progress she made during her eight years with us and her increased value to the company1 and ,i am also sending under separate cover ,miss ,henry's photograph1 as you suggested4 ,hoping ,i may hear from you further if there is any additional information you require1 ,i am ,very sincerely yours1 ,,john ,,smith4 ,,supplement ,,which ,,contains ,,certain ,,rules ,,and ,,definitions ,,often ,,taught ,,as ,a ,,part ,,of ,,the ,,course ,,of ,,study ,,in ,,spelling ,as a part of the course of study in spelling1 there is occasionally found a provision for word study and for teaching certain rules and definitions4 ,the following supplement is added as a guide in schools which make such a requirement4 ,ordinarily such topics as derivation of words1 root prefixes1 suffixes1 homonyms1 antonyms1 synonyms1 and hyphens are taught1 either as a part of composition or as a part of dictionary exercises4 ,the value of teaching spelling rules is still somewhat a matter of controversy1 although the weight of experimental evidence seems to indicate that children do not profit from a study of the rules in spelling1 as much as they profit from the same amount of time spent in the direct study of the important words covered by these rules4 ,however1 since some city and state courses of study require the teaching of the rules1 it seems advisable to put the more important rules in this supplement4 ,an effort has been made to state these rules in the simplest manner possible1 within the limits of accuracy4 ,great care has been taken1 also1 to tabulate1 for each rule1 the words frequently used in correspondence1 which are exceptions4 ,the teacher should understand clearly that it is not the intention of the authors to have these rules take the place of the direct teaching of any word4 ,rather they are to be regarded as supplementary exercises4 ,it is doubtful whether much attention should be given to rules before grade seven4 ,,derivation ,,of ,,words ,often one word is built up from several words or syllables4 ,the most important part of such a built-up word is called the root1 or base4 ,this root or base had an original meaning which is usually clear1 especially in purely ,english words1 as in-side1 happi-ness1 etc4 ,many built-up or derivative words are from other languages4 ,a few examples may help to illustrate3 #a4 international--,latin inter 7between7 plus nation 7nation7 plus al 7pertaining to7--between nations1 pertaining to intercourse between nations4 ,the root is nation4 #b4 extraordinary--,latin extra 7on the outside1 out of7 plus ordinarius 7ordinary7--out of the ordinary1 unusual4 ,the root is ordinar4 #c4 provide--,latin pro 7before7 plus vid 7to look or see7--to look before or ahead1 to look out for in advance4 ,the root is vid4 #d4 convention--,latin con 7together7 plus ven 7to come7 plus tion 7act of7--act of coming together--meeting4 ,the root is ven4 ,many roots or bases are taken directly from the ,english3 #a4 out-come--act of coming out--that which comes out of something else--result4 #b4 in-side--inner side or surface4 #c4 cheer-ful--full of cheer4 #d4 happi-ness--state of being happy4 ,in studying these words1 you may have noticed that something besides the root or base is needed to make the meaning clear4 ,the other two parts which help to make up words are called prefixes and suffixes4 ,these will be taken up separately4 ,,prefixes ,a prefix is a word or syllable placed before another word1 and so completely joined to it that it changes the meaning of the basic word4 ,,note ,,to ,,teacher3--,have the pupils select in the lessons of your grade1 words which have similar prefixes4 ,as you can see in the list below1 the final consonant of a prefix has often been changed to make the pronunciation easier1 but does not disappear when added to the stem4 ,thus1 ad-cord became ac-cord1 ad-fect became af-fect1 etc4 ,prefix ,definition ,illustration ab 7abs1 a7 from1 away abandon ad 7ac1 af1 ag1 al1 an1 ap1 ar1 as1 at7 to accommodate ante before antecedent circum about1 around circumstance com 7co1 col1 con1 cor7 with1 together compare1 concert de from1 down1 away desert1 debate dis 7dif1 de7 apart1 not disobey ex 7e1 ef7 out1 out of1 away from1 off1 beyond expect extra out of extraordinary in 7ill1 im1 ir7 in1 into1 not1 without inside inter among1 between1 mutuallyinterurban non not nonsense per through1 by1 for perhaps post behind1 after postpone pre before prevent pro forward1 before1 insteadprovide re back1 again1 against return se aside1 apart1 without separate sub 7suc1 suf1 sug1 sup1 sur7 under1 below1 near subject1 succeed super over1 above1 beyond superintendent trans 7tran1 tra7 across1 over1 beyond1 through transfer1 travel ,,suffixes ,a suffix is a syllable or word which is added to the end of another word to change the meaning of the basic word4 ,,note ,,to ,,teacher3--,as the suffix is often closely connected with the root of the word1 not much stress will be laid on learning suffixes by themselves4 ,a few of the more common ones will be noted4 ,suffix ,definition ,illustration ful with or full of cheerful less without careless1 doubtless ness state of being happiness ly like or like in manner happily ment act1 state1 a thing thatdevelopment some act of being lonesome ,,homonyms ,a homonym is a word pronounced exactly like another1 but differing from it in meaning4 ,a few homonyms are spelled in the same way1 as weed1 a garment1 and weed1 a plant4 ,only a small group of the more common type will be given here4 ,,note ,,to ,,teacher3--,it has been deemed advisable to omit giving an extensive list of homonyms here4 ,you may refer the pupils to the lists of homonyms which occur in the regular spelling lessons of the first five grades4 ,for example1 the following lists are among those which contain homonyms3--#af in grade ,i2 #ah1 #ai1 #bj1 in grade ,,ii2 #ab words in #bh of grade ,,iii2 #cb in grade ,,iv2 etc4 ,word ,definition ,sentence #a4 flour a fine meal of ground wheat or other grain ,mother uses flour in baking bread4 flowera blossom ,the rose is a beautiful flower4 #b4 no not1 not any ,i have no work to do4 know to understand ,do you know your lesson8 #c4 son a male child2 the male offspring of a parent1 father or mother ,john is my son4 sun the heavenly body which produces,the sun rises in the east4 the light of day ,,synonyms ,synonyms are words that have almost the same meaning4 ,if you were to look up the simple words cut and ask you would find the following synonyms3 ,for cut--carve1 lance1 bite1 dissect1 snip1 saw1 slice1 slit1 slash1 etc4 ,for ask--beg1 crave1 entreat1 beseech1 implore1 move1 plead1 solicit1 etc4 ,no two of these synonyms mean exactly the same thing1 but they express different shades of the same meaning4 ,practice ,exercises3 ,find as many synonyms as you can for the following words3 best decide effort deceive imagine dark time form pleasure public ,any lesson in the book may be used for an exercise in discovering synonyms4 ,,antonyms ,words of opposite meaning are called antonyms4 ,for example1 black--white2 big--little2 and open--closed1 are so named4 ,practice ,exercises3 ,try to think of antonyms for the following words3 cold come dull inside fat front good high in large up long new poor slow spring sweet tall wet winter ,,the ,,hyphen ,authorities differ in regard to the use of the hyphen4 ,however1 there are two rules which always hold good3 7#a74 ,the hyphen is used to separate compound adjectives2 7#b74 ,the hyphen is used to show1 at the end of a line1 that a word has been divided4 7,such a word must be divided between syllables47 ,in other cases1 when you cannot decide whether or not to use a hyphen1 consult the dictionary used in your school4 ,it is much less frequently used than formerly4 ,,rules ,,for ,,spelling ,i4 ,formation of ,possessives #a4 ,the following list is made up of words in the singular number4 ,to form the possessive1 add an apostrophe and s4 horse's head man's coat girl's dress boy's shoes soldier's uniform child's laugh sheep's wool sister's hat #b4 ,the following list is made up of plural nouns that do not end in s4 ,to form the possessive1 add an apostrophe and s4 children's clothes men's shirts women's praise gentlemen's plans #c4 ,the following list is made up of plural nouns ending in s4 ,to form the possessive1 add only an apostrophe4 miles' walk girls' clothing years' word pupils' attention ,,ii4 ,treatment of the final consonant before a suffix #a4 ,the following list contains words of one syllable4 ,notice that each word ends in a consonant1 and that in every word there is a single short vowel preceding it4 ,in all such words1 the final consonant is doubled before adding a suffix beginning with a vowel4 big--bigg 7er7 7est7 drop--dropp7ed7 7ing7 stop--stopp7ed7 7ing7 plan--plann7ed7 7ing7 begin--beginn7er7 7ing7 #b4 ,the following list contains verbs of more than one syllable4 ,each verb is accented on the last syllable1 and ends in a single consonant preceded by a single short vowel4 ,in such verbs1 the final consonant is doubled before a suffix beginning with a vowel4 beginn7ing7 referr7ed7 7ing7 occurr7ed7 forgott7en7 remitt7ance7 ,,iii4 ,adding suffixes to words ending in e #a4 ,a word ending in silent e drops the e before a vowel1 as3 come--coming hope--hoping serve--serving appreciate--appreciating vote--voting #b4 ,when a suffix beginning with a consonant is added to a word ending in e1 the e is kept4 announce--announce-ment hope--hope-ful late--late-ly care--care-less lone--lone-some #c4 ,e is retained to keep the soft sound of c and g before a and o as in notice--notice-able1 and advantage--advantage-ous4 ,exceptions3 ,of the words commonly used in writing letters the following exceptions are to be made3 a4 ,when a suffix beginning with a consonant is added to a word ending in e3 7#a7 ,only three words drop e before adding ment3 judgment1 acknowledgment1 argument4 7#b7 ,only one word drops e before adding ful3 awful4 7#c7 ,only three words drop e before adding ly3 true--truly due--duly whole--wholly b4 ,when the last syllable of a word ends in le1 ly does not make a new syllable1 as3 probable---probably1 possible--possibly1 simple--simply4 7,when ly is added to words ending in l1 both l's are retained1 as3 practical--practically1 careful--carefully47 ,,iv4 ,treatment of the final y #a4 ,to form the plural of a noun ending in y preceded by a consonant1 change the y to i and add es4 lady--ladies quantity--quantities quality--qualities #b4 ,when a verb ends in y preceded by a consonant1 change the y to i and add es to form the third person singular of the verb4 ,to form the past tense of the verb1 change the y to i and add ed4 fry--fries cry--cries bury--buried carry--carried #c4 ,when a word ends in y preceded by a vowel1 form the plural by adding s4 turkey--turkeys chimney--chimneys valley--valleys #d4 ,when y is preceded by a consonant1 change it to i before a suffix which does not begin with i1 as in business1 readily1 happiness1 etc4 ,retain y in such words as3 hurrying1 crying1 flying1 etc4 ,v4 ,treatment and use of the apostrophe #a4 ,put the apostrophe in the place of the absent letter or letters3 aren't1 don't1 didn't1 can't1 ,i'll1 etc4 #b4 ,possessives of personal pronouns have no apostrophe1 as3 its1 hers1 ours1 yours1 etc4 ,,vi4 ,irregular ,plurals ,some words ending in f or fe form their plurals by changing the f or fe to v and adding es4 half--halves knife--knives life--lives leaf--leaves calf--calves wife--wives ,,vii4 ,confusion of ei and ie ,,note ,,to ,,teacher3--,experimental evidence does not seem to show that this rule is very effective1 but if it is taught1 the following presentation is recommended4 ,whenever i and e occur together in one syllable1 and are pronounced as e or 7e1 it is always i before e except after c 7see74 ,when sounded like a it is always e before i4 ,some have used the following jingle to help fix the rule3 i before e ,except after c ,or when sounded like a ,as in neighbor or weigh4 ,four of the words most commonly used in writing letters are exceptions to these rules3 neither1 leisure1 foreign1 height4 ,transcriber's ,note3 99 ,text enclosed between equal signs was in bold face in the original 7bold74 99 ,punctuation errors have been corrected4 99 ,all misprinted reference pages throughout the book have been corrected 7vii-xvi74 99 ,pg #ag ,added missing opening quotation before ,remember in ,remember that the purpose of this test 444 99 ,pg #ig ,removed 7 after ,i didn't see him47 and added 7 before ,fitzgerald4 99 ,pg #ig ,corrected spelling of kindom to kingdom in 444 gone to kindom come 99 ,pg #ajc ,corrected spelling of expecially to especially in 444 expecially since they are in 444 99 ,pg #aji ,corrected spelling of occassionally to occasionally in 444 there is occassionally found 444