by ! ,posn] ,memorial ,collection 7http3_/_/posn]4libr>y4cmu4edu_/,posn]_/ 77 ,,vvilliam ,,gilb]t ,,( ,,col*e/]1 ,,physician ,,( ,,london4 ,,on ,,! ,,magnet1 ,,magnetick ,,bodies ,,also1 ,,& ,,on ! great magnet ! e>?2 a new ,physiology1 demon/rat$ by _m argum5ts exp]im5ts4 ,illu/ration ,,london 99 99 99 99 99 ,,impr9t$ ,,at ,,! ,,*iswick ,,press ,,anno ,,mcm4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration 99 99 99 99 99 ij ,illu/ration ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,c&id ,,read]1 ,,/udi\s ,,( ,,! ,,magnetick ,,philosophy4 ,cle>] pro(s1 9 ! discov]y ( secrets1 & 9 ! inve/igation ( ! hidd5 causes ( ?+s1 be+ af=d$ by tru/wor?y exp]im5ts & by demon/rat$ argum5ts1 ?an by ! probable guesses & op9ions ( ! ord9>y pr(essors ( philosophy3 s1 !re=e1 t ! noble sub/ance ( t great magnet1 our common "m 7! e>?71 hi!rto q unkn[n1 & ! conspicu\s & exalt$ p[]s ( ?is our globe1 may be ! bett] und]/ood1 we h propos$ to beg9 ) ! common magnetick1 /ony1 & iron mat]ial1 & ) magnetical bodies1 & ) ! ne>] p>ts ( ! e>? :i* we c rea* ) our h&s & p]ceive ) our s5ses2 !n to proce$ ) demon/rable magnetick exp]im5ts2 & s p5etrate1 = ! fir/ "t1 into ! inn]mo/ p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,= aft] we _h1 9 ord] f9ally to le>n ! true sub/ance ( ! globe1 se5 & ?or\ghly exam9$ _m ( ^? ?+s :i* h be5 obta9$ f m\nta9 heights or ocean dep?s1 or f ! pr(\nde/ cav]ns & f hidd5 m9es3 we appli$ mu* prolong$ lab\r on inve/igat+ ! magnetical =ces2 s wond]ful inde$ are !y1 comp>$ ) ! =ces ( all o!r m9]als1 surpass+ ev5 ! virtues ( all o!r bodies ab\t u4 ,nor h we f\nd ?is our lab\r idle or unfruitful2 s9ce daily dur+ our exp]im5t+1 new & unexpect$ prop]ties came to light2 & our ,philosophy ha? gr[n s mu* f ! ?+s dilig5tly obs]v$1 t we h attempt$ to exp\nd ! int]ior p>ts ( ! t]r5e globe1 & its native sub/ance1 ^u magnetick pr9ciples2 & to reveal to m5 ! e>? 7our common "m71 & to po9t x out z if ) ! f+]1 by real demon/rations & by exp]im5ts manife/ly app>5t to ! s5ses4 ,& z geometry asc5ds f sundry v small & v easy pr9ciples to ! greate/ & mo/ difficult2 by :i* ! wit ( man climbs above ! firmam5t3 s our magnetical doctr9e & sci5ce fir/ sets =? 9 conv5i5t ord] ! ?+s :i* are less obscure2 f ^! !re come to light o!rs t are m rem>kable2 & at l5g? 9 due ord] !re are op5$ ! conceal$ & mo/ secret ?+s ( ! globe ( ! e>?1 & ! causes are made kn[n ( ^? ?+s :i*1 ei!r ?r\gh ! ignorance ( ! anci5ts or ! neglect ( mod]ns1 h rema9$ unrecogniz$ & ov]look$4 ,b :y %\ld ,i1 9 s va/ an ,ocean ( ,books by :i* ! m9ds ( /udi\s m5 are tr\bl$ & fatigu$1 ?r\gh :i* v fooli% productions ! _w & unreason+ m5 are intoxicat$1 & puff$ up1 rave & create lit]>y broils1 & :ile pr(ess+ to be philosoph]s1 physicians1 ma!maticians & a/rolog]s1 neglect & despise m5 ( le>n+3 :y %\ld ,i1 ,i say1 add aught fur!r to ?is s-p]turb$ republick ( lett]s1 & expose ?is noble philosophy1 :i* seems new & incr$ible by reason ( s _m ?+s hi!rto unreveal$1 to be damn$ & torn to pieces by ! mal$ictions ( ^? :o are ei!r already sworn to ! op9ions ( o!r m51 or are fooli% corruptors ( good arts1 le>n$ idiots1 grammati/s1 sophi/s1 wrangl]s1 & p]v]se little folk8 ,b to y alone1 true philosophiz]s1 hone/ m51 :o seek k n f books only b f ?+s !mselves1 h ,i address$ ^! magnetical pr9ciples 9 ?is new sort ( ,philosophiz+4 ,b if any see n fit to ass5t to ^! self-same op9ions & p>adoxes1 let !m nev]!less m>k ! great array ( exp]im5ts & discov]ies 7by :i* notably e philosophy fl\ri%e?71 :i* h be5 wr\ght out & demon/rat$ by u ) _m pa9s & vigils & exp5ses4 ,9 ^! rejoice1 & employ !m to bett] uses1 if ye %all be able4 ,i "k h[ ardu\s x is to give fre%ness to old ?+s1 lu/re to ! antiquat$1 light to ! d>k1 grace to ! despis$1 cr$ibility to ! d\btful2 s mu* ! m by f> is x difficult to w9 & e/abli% "s au?ority = ?+s new & unhe>d-(1 9 ! face ( all ! op9ions ( all m54 ,nor = t d we c>e1 s9ce philosophiz+1 z we deem$1 is = ! few4 ,to our own discov]ies & exp]im5ts we h affix$ a/]isks1 l>g] & small]1 accord+ to ! importance & subtlety ( ! matt]4 ,:oso desire? to make trial ( ! same exp]im5ts1 let him h&le ! sub/ances1 n neglig5tly & c>elessly1 b prud5tly1 deftly1 & 9 ! prop] way2 nor let him 7:5 a ?+ do? n succe$7 ignorantly d5\nce our discov]ies3 = no?+ ha? be5 set d[n 9 ^! books :i* ha? n be5 explor$ & _m times p]=m$ & repeat$ among/ u4 ,_m ?+s 9 our reason+s & hypo!ses w1 p]*ance1 at fir/ sight1 seem r h>d1 :5 !y are =eign to ! iij commonly receiv$ op9ion2 yet ,i d\bt n b t h]eaft] !y w yet obta9 au?ority f ! demon/rations !mselves4 ,:]e=e 9 magnetical sci5ce1 !y :o h made mo/ progress1 tru/ mo/ 9 & pr(it mo/ by ! hypo!ses2 nor w any?+ readily become c]ta9 to any "o 9 a magnetical philosophy 9 :i* all or at lea/ mo/ po9ts are n asc]ta9$4 ,?is nature-k is almo/ entirely new & unhe>d-(1 save :at few matt]s a v few writ]s h h&$ d[n conc]n+ c]ta9 common magnetical p[]s4 ,:]e=e we b seldom quote anti5t ,greek au?ors 9 our support1 because nei!r by us+ greek argum5ts nor greek words c ! tru? be demon/rat$ or elucidat$ ei!r m precisely or m significantly4 ,= our doctr9e magnetical is at v>iance ) mo/ ( _! pr9ciples & dogmas4 ,nor h we br\ght to ?is "w any pret5ce ( eloqu5ce or adornm5ts ( words2 b ?is only h we done1 t ?+s difficult & unkn[n might be s h&l$ by u1 9 su* a =m ( spee*1 & 9 su* words z are ne$$ to be cle>ly und]/ood3 ,sometimes !re=e we use new & unusual words1 n t by means ( fooli% veils ( vocabul>ies we %\ld cov] ov] ! facts ) %ades & mi/s 7z ,al*emi/s are wont to d7 b t hidd5 ?+s :i* h no "n1 nev] hav+ be5 hi!rto p]ceiv$1 may be pla9ly & correctly enunciat$4 ,aft] describ+ our magnetical exp]im5ts & our in=mation ( ! homog5ick p>ts ( ! e>?1 we proce$ to ! g5]al nature ( ! :ole globe2 :]e9 x is p]mitt$ u to philosophize freely & ) ! same lib]ty :i* ! ,egyptians1 ,greeks1 & ,lat9s =m]ly us$ 9 publi%+ _! dogmas3 :]e( v _m errors h be5 h&$ d[n 9 turn to lat] au?ors3 & 9 :i* smatt]]s /ill p]si/1 & w&] z ?\gh 9 p]petual d>kness4 ,to ^? e>ly =efa!rs ( philosophy1 ,ari/otle1 ,!ophra/us1 ,ptolemy1 ,hippocrates1 & ,gal51 let due hon\r be ev] paid3 = by !m wisdom ha? be5 diffus$ to po/]ity2 b our age ha? detect$ & br\ght to light v _m facts :i* !y1 7 !y n[ alive1 w\ld gladly h accept$4 ,:]e=e we also h n hesitat$ to exp\nd 9 demon/rable hypo!ses ^? ?+s :i* we h discov]$ by long exp]i5ce4 ,f>ewell4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,to ,,! ,,mo/ ,,em95t ,,& ,,le>n$ ,,man ,,dr4 ,,william ,,gilb]t1 a di/+ui%$ ,doctor ( ,m$ic9e among/ ! ,london]s1 & ,fa!r ( ,magnetick ,philosophy1 an ,encomia/ic ,preface ( ,edw>d ,wright on ! subject ( ^! books ,magnetical4 ,%\ld !re by *ance be any "o1 mo/ em95t ,sir1 :o reckons z ( small acc\nt ^! magnetical books & lab\rs ( y\rs1 & ?9ks ^! /udies ( y\rs ( too little mom5t1 & by no means wor?y en\gh ( ! att5tion ( an em95t man devot$ to ! weighti] /udy ( ,m$ic9e3 truly he mu/ des]v$ly be judg$ to be 9 no common degree void ( und]/&+4 ,= t ! use ( ! magnet is v important & :olly admirable is bett] kn[n = ! mo/ "p to m5 ( ev5 ! l[e/ class ?an to ne$ f me at ?is "t any long address or comm5dation4 ,nor truly 9 my judgm5t c\ld y h *os5 any topick ei!r m noble or m useful to ! human race1 ^u :i* to ex]cise ! /r5g? ( y\r philosophic intellect2 s9ce inde$ x has be5 br\ght ab\t by ! div9e ag5cy ( ?is /one1 t cont95ts ( su* va/ circuit1 su* an inf9ite numb] ( l&s1 isl&s1 peoples1 & tribes1 :i* h rema9$ unkn[n = s _m ages1 h n[ only a %ort "t ago1 almo/ )9 our own memory1 be5 q easily discov]$ & q frequ5tly explor$1 & t ! circuit ( ! :ole t]re/rial globe also has be5 m ?an once circumnavigat$ by our own c\ntrym51 ,drake & ,cav5di%2 a fact :i* ,i wi% to m5tion to ! la/+ memory ( ^! m54 ,= by ! po9t+ ( ! iron t\*$ by a load/one1 ! po9ts ( ,s\?1 ,nor?1 ,ea/1 & ,we/1 & ! o!r qu>t]s ( ! _w are made kn[n to navigators ev5 "u an ov]ca/ sky & 9 ! d>ke/ night2 s t ?us !y always v easily und]/& to :i* po9t ( ! _w !y ought to direct _! %ip's c\rse2 :i* be=e ! discov]y ( ?is wond]ful virtue ( ! magnetick ,greek3 boreodeixis 0 cle>ly impossible4 ,h5ce 9 old times 7z is e/abli%$ 9 hi/ories71 an incr$ible anxiety & imm5se dang] 0 cont9ually ?reat5+ sailors2 = at ! com+ on ( a tempe/ & ! obscur+ ( ! view ( sun & />s1 !y 7 left entirely 9 ignorance :i!r !y 7 mak+2 nor c\ld !y f9d out ?is by any reason+ or skill4 ,) :at joy !n may we suppose !m to h be5 fill$1 to :at feel+s ( delight mu/ all %ipma/]s h giv5 utt]ance1 :5 t index magnetical fir/ (f]$ itself to !m z a mo/ sure guide1 & z x 7 a ,m]cury1 = _! j\rney8 ,b nei!r 0 ?is suffici5t = ?is magnetical ,m]cury2 to indicate1 namely1 ! "r way1 & to po9t1 z x 71 a f+] 9 ! direction t[>d :i* ! c\rse mu/ be iiij direct$2 x began also long ago to %[ di/9ctly ! di/ance ( ! place t[>d :i* x po9ts4 ,= s9ce ! index magnetical does n always 9 e place look t[>d ! same po9t ( ! ,nor?1 b deviates f x (t51 ei!r t[>d ! ,ea/ or t[>d ! ,we/1 yet always has ! same deviation 9 ! same place1 :atev] ! place is1 & /eadily pres]ves x2 x has come ab\t t f t deviation1 :i* !y call v>iation1 c>efully notic$ & obs]v$ 9 any m>itime places1 ! same places c\ld aft]w>ds also be f\nd by navigators f ! draw+ ne> & approa* to ! same v>iation z t ( ^! same places1 tak5 9 conjunction ) ! obs]vation ( ! latitude4 ,?us ! ,portuguese 9 _! voyages to ! ,ea/ ,indies _h ! mo/ c]ta9 indications ( _! approa* to ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope2 z appe>s f ! n>rations ( ,hugo van ,lyns*ot5 & ( ! v le>n$ ,ri*>d ,hakluyt1 our c\ntryman4 ,h5ce also ! exp]i5c$ skipp]s ( our own c\ntry1 n a few ( !m1 9 mak+ ! voyage f ! ,gulf ( ,mexico to ! isl&s ( ! ,azores1 recogniz$ t !y _h come z ne> z possible to ^! same isl&s2 al?\gh f _! sea-*>ts !y seem$ to be ab\t six hundr$ ,briti% miles f !m4 ,& s1 by ! help ( ?is magnetick index1 x w\ld seem z ?\gh t geographical problem ( f9d+ ! longitude1 :i* = s _m c5turies has ex]cis$ ! intellects ( ! mo/ le>n$ ,ma!maticians1 7 go+ to be 9 "s way satisfi$2 because if ! v>iation = any m>itime place :atev] 7 kn[n1 ! same place c\ld v readily be f\nd aft]w>d1 z (t5 z 0 requir$1 f ! same v>iation1 ! latitude ( ! same place be+ n unkn[n4 ,x seems1 h[ev]1 t !re has be5 "s inconv5i5ce & h9drance connect$ ) ! obs]vation ( ?is v>iation2 because x _c be obs]v$ except+ :5 ! sun or ! />s are %9+4 ,accord+ly ?is magnetick ,m]cury ( ! sea goes on /ill fur!r to bless all %ipma/]s1 be+ mu* to be pref]r$ to ,neptune himself1 & to all ! sea-gods & goddesses2 n only does x %[ ! direction 9 a d>k night & 9 ?ick wea!r1 b x also seems to exhibit ! mo/ c]ta9 indications ( ! latitude4 ,= an iron index1 susp5d$ on its axis 7l a pair ( scales71 ) ! mo/ delicate workman%ip s z to balance 9 quilibrio1 & !n t\*$ & excit$ by a load/one1 dips to "s fix$ & def9ite po9t b5ea? ! horizon 79 our latitude 9 ,london1 = example1 to ab\t ! sev5ty-second degree71 at :i* x at l5g? comes to re/4 ,b "u ! quator itself1 f t admirable agreem5t & congru5cy :i*1 9 almo/ all & s+ul> magnetical exp]im5ts1 exi/s betwe5 ! e>? itself & a t]rella 7t is1 a globul> load/one71 x seems exce$+ly likely 7to say ! v lea/71 & inde$ m ?an probable1 t ! same index 7aga9 /rok$ ) a load/one7 w rema9 9 quilibrio 9 an horizontal position4 ,:5ce x is evid5t t ?is also is v probable1 t 9 an exce$+ly small progress f ! ,s\? t[>d ! ,nor? 7or contr>iwise7 !re w be at lea/ a suffici5tly p]ceptible *ange 9 t decl9ation2 s t f t decl9ation 9 any place be+ once c>efully obs]v$ along ) ! latitude1 ! same place & ! same latitude may be v easily recogniz$ aft]w>d1 ev5 9 ! d>ke/ night & 9 ! ?icke/ mi/ by a decl9ation in/rum5t4 ,:]e=e to br+ our oration at l5g? back to y1 mo/ em95t & le>n$ ,dr4 ,gilb]t 7:om ,i gladly recognize z my tea*] 9 ?is magnetick philosophy71 if ^! books ( y\rs on ! ,magnet _h conta9$ no?+ else1 except+ only ?is f9d+ ( latitude f magnetick decl9ation1 by y n[ fir/ br\ght to light1 our %ipma/]s1 ,brita9s1 ,fr5*1 ,belgians1 & ,danes1 try+ to ent] ! ,briti% ,*annel or ! ,/raits ( ,gibralt> f ! ,atlantick ,ocean 9 d>k wea!r1 w\ld /ill mo/ des]v$ly judge !m to be valu$ at no small sum ( gold4 ,b t discov]y ( y\rs ab\t ! :ole globe ( ! e>? be+ magnetical1 al?\gh p]*ance x w seem to _m mo/ p>adoxical1 produc+ ev5 a feel+ ( a/oni%m5t1 has yet be5 s firmly def5d$ by y at all po9ts & confirm$ by s _m exp]im5ts s apposite & appropriate to ! matt] 9 h&1 9 ,bk4 #b1 *ap4 #cd2 ,bk4 #c1 *ap4 #d & #ab2 & 9 almo/ ! :ole ( ! fif? book1 t no room is left = d\bt or contradiction4 ,i come !re=e to ! cause ( ! magnetick v>iation1 :i* hi!rto has di/ract$ ! m9ds ( all ! le>n$2 = :i* no mortal has ev] adduc$ a m probable reason ?an t :i* has n[ be5 set =? by y = ! fir/ "t 9 ^! books ( y\rs on ! ,magnet4 ,! ,greek3 or?oboreodeixis ( ! index magnetical 9 ! middle ( ! ocean1 & 9 ! middle ( cont95ts 7or at lea/ 9 ! middle ( _! /rong] & m l(ty p>ts71 its incl9+ ne> ! %ore t[>d ^? same p>ts1 ev5 by sea & by l&1 agree+ ) ! exp]im5ts ,bk4 #d1 *ap4 #b1 on an actual t]rella 7made aft] ! lik5ess ( ! t]re/rial globe1 unev51 & ris+ up 9 c]ta9 p>ts1 ei!r weak or want+ 9 firmness1 or imp]fect 9 "s o!r way71--?is incl9ation hav+ be5 prov$1 v c]ta9ly demon/rates ! probability t t v>iation is n\ght else ?an a c]ta9 deviation ( ! magnetick ne$le t[>d ^? p>ts ( ! e>? t are m vigor\s & m prom95t4 ,:5ce ! reason is readily e/abli%$ ( t irregul>ity :i* is (t5 p]ceiv$ 9 ! magnetick v>iations1 aris+ f ! 9quality & irregul>ity ( ^? em95ces & ( ! t]re/rial =ces4 ,nor ( a surety h ,i any d\bt1 t all ^? ev5 :o h ei!r imag9$ or admitt$ po9ts attractive or po9ts respective 9 ! sky or ! e>?1 & ^? :o h imag9$ magnetick m\nta9s1 or rocks1 or poles1 w imm$iately beg9 to wav] z soon z !y h p]us$ ^! books ( y\rs on ! ,magnet1 & will+ly w m>* ) y\r op9ion4 ,f9ally1 z to ! views :i* y discuss 9 reg>d to ! circul> motion ( ! e>? & ( ! t]re/rial poles1 al?\gh to "s p]haps !y w seem mo/ supposititi\s1 yet ,i d n see :y !y %\ld n ga9 "s fav\r1 ev5 among ! v m5 :o d n recognize a sphrical motion ( ! e>?2 s9ce n ev5 !y c easily cle> !mselves f _m difficulties1 :i* necess>ily foll[ f ! daily motion ( ! v :ole sky4 ,= 9 ! fir/ place x is aga9/ reason t t %\ld be effect$ by _m causes1 :i* c be effect$ by few]2 & x is aga9/ reason t ! :ole sky & all ! sphres 7if !re be any7 ( ! />s1 bo? ( ! planets & ! fix$ />s1 %\ld be turn$ r\nd = ! sake ( a daily motion :i* c be expla9$ by ! m]e daily rotation ( ! e>?4 ,!n :e!r w x seem m probable1 t ! quator ( ! t]re/rial globe 9 a s+le second 7t is1 9 ab\t ! "t 9 :i* any "o walk+ quickly w be able to advance only a s+le pace7 c accompli% a qu>t] ( a ,briti% mile 7( :i* sixty equal "o degree ( a great circle on ! e>?71 or t ! quator ( ! primum mobile 9 ! same "t %\ld trav]se five ?\s& miles ) cel]ity ineffable2 & 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye %\ld fly ?r\gh ab\t five hundr$ ,briti% miles1 swift] ?an ! w+s ( lightn+1 if inde$ !y ma9ta9 ! tru? :o especially assail ! motion ( ! e>?74 ,f9ally1 w x be m likely to all[ "s motion to ?is v t9y t]re/rial globe2 or to build up ) mad endeav\r above ! eigh? ( ! fix$ sphres ^? ?ree huge sphres1 ! n9? 7,i mean71 ! t5?1 & ! elev5?1 m>k$ by n a s+le />1 especially s9ce x is pla9 f ^! books on ! magnet1 f a comp>ison ( ! e>? & ! t]rella1 t a circul> motion is n s ali5 to ! nature ( ! e>? z is commonly suppos$4 ,nor d ^? ?+s :i* are adduc$ f ! sacr$ ,scriptures seem to be specially adv]se to ! doctr9e ( ! mobility ( ! e>?2 nor does x seem to h be5 ! int5tion ( ,moses or ( ! ,prophets to promulgate any ma!matical or physical niceties1 b to adapt !mselves to ! und]/&+ ( ! common p & _! mann] ( spee*1 j z nurses are accu/om$ to adapt !mselves to infants1 & n to g into e unnecess>y detail4 ,?us 9 ,g54 i4 v4 #af1 & ,psal4 #acf1 ! moon is call$ a great light1 because x appe>s s to u1 ?\gh x x is agre$ nev]!less by ^? skill$ 9 a/ronomy t _m ( ! />s1 bo? ( ! fix$ & w&]+ />s1 are mu* great]4 ,!re=e nei!r d ,i ?9k t any solid conclusion c be drawn aga9/ ! e>?'s mobility f ,psal4 #ajd1 v4 #e2 al?\gh ,god is said to h laid ! f\ndations ( ! e>? t x %\ld n be remov$ = ev]2 = ! e>? w be able to rema9 ev]more 9 its own & self-same place1 s z n to be mov$ by any w&]+ motion1 nor c>ri$ away f its seat 7:]e9 x 0 fir/ plac$ by ! ,div9e artific]74 ,we1 !re=e1 ) dev\t m9d ackn[l$g+ & ador+ ! inscrutable wisdom ( ! triune ,div9ity 7hav+ m dilig5tly inve/igat$ & obs]v$ 8 admirable "w 9 ! magnetical motions71 induc$ by philosophical exp]im5ts & reason+s n a few1 d deem x to be probable en\gh t ! e>?1 ?\gh re/+ on its c5tre z on an immovable base & f\ndation1 nev]!less is borne ar\nd circul>ly4 ,b pass+ ov] ^! matt]s 7conc]n+ :i* ,i believe no "o has ev] demon/rat$ any?+ ) great] c]ta9ty71 )\t any d\bt ^? matt]s :i* y h discuss$ conc]n+ ! causes ( ! v>iation & ( ! magnetick dip bel[ ! horizon1 n to m5tion _m o!r matt]s1 :i* x w\ld take too long to speak ( "h1 w ga9 v great fav\r among/ all intellig5t m51 & especially 7to speak aft] ! mann] ( ! ,*emi/s7 among/ ! sons ( ! magnetick doctr9e4 ,nor inde$ d ,i d\bt t :5 y h publi%$ ^! books ( y\rs on ! ,magnet1 y w excite all ! dilig5t & indu/ri\s %ipma/]s to take no less c>e 9 obs]v+ ! magnetick decl9ation b5ea? ! horizon ?an ! v>iation4 ,s9ce 7if n c]ta97 x is at lea/ probable1 t ! latitude itself1 or r ! effect ( ! latitude1 c be f\nd 7ev5 9 v d>k wea!r7 mu* m accurately f t decl9ation alone1 ?an c ei!r ! longitude or ! effect ( ! longitude f ! v>iation1 ?\gh ! sun itself is %9+ brightly or all ! />s are visible1 ) ! mo/ skilful employm5t likewise ( all ! mo/ exact in/rum5ts4 ,nor is !re any d\bt b t ^? mo/ le>n$ m51 ,pet] ,plancius 7n m deeply v]s$ 9 ,geography ?an 9 obs]vations magnetical71 & ,simon ,/ev9us1 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ma!matician1 w rejoice 9 no mod]ate degree1 :5 !y fir/ see ^! magnetical books ( y\rs1 & obs]ve _! ,greek3 lim5euretik1 or ,hav5-f9d+ ,art1 enl>g$ & enri*$ by s great & unexpect$ an addition2 & )\t d\bt !y w urge all _! own %ipma/]s 7z f> z !y c7 to obs]ve also ev]y:]e ! magnetick decl9ation bel[ ! horizon no less ?an ! v>iation4 ,may y\r ,magnetical ,philosophy1 !re=e1 mo/ le>n$ ,dr4 ,gilb]t1 come =? into ! light "u ! be/ auspices1 aft] be+ kept back n till ! n9? ye> only 7z ,horace prescribes71 b already unto almo/ a second n9e1 a philosophy rescu$ at la/ by s _m toils1 /udy+s1 wat*+s1 ) s mu* +5uity & at no mod]ate exp5se ma9ta9$ cont9u\sly ?r\gh s _m ye>s1 out ( d>kness & d5se mi/ ( ! idle & feeble philosophiz]s1 by means ( endless exp]im5ts skilfully appli$ to x2 yet )\t neglect+ any?+ :i* has be5 h&$ d[n 9 ! writ+s ( any ( ! anci5ts or ( ! mod]ns1 all :i* y did dilig5tly p]use & p]p5d4 ,d n fe> ! boldness or ! prejudice ( any sup]cili\s & base philosopha/]1 :o by ei!r envi\sly calumniat+ or /eal?ily arrogat+ to himself ! inve/igations ( o!rs seeks to snat* a mo/ empty glory4 ,v]ily ,envy detracts f great ,hom]'s g5ius2 b ,:oev] ?\ art1 ,zoilus1 ?\ ha/ ?y "n f him4 ,may y\r new physiology ( ! ,magnet1 ,i say 7kept back = s _m ye>s71 come =? n[ at l5g? into ! view ( all1 & y\r ,philosophy1 nev] to be en\gh admir$1 conc]n+ ! great ,magnet 7t is1 ! e>?72 =1 believe me 7,if !re is any tru? 9 ! =ebod+s ( se]s71 ^! books ( y\rs on ! ,magnet w avail m = p]petuat+ ! memory ( y\r "n ?an ! monum5t ( any great ,magnate plac$ ^u y\r tomb4 vj 99 99 99 99 99 ,int]pretation ( c]ta9 words4#a ,t]rella1 a globul> load/one4 ,v]ticity1 pol> vig\r1 n ,greek3 p]id9sis b ,greek3 p]id9eisios dunamis3 n a v]tex or ,greek3 polos b a turn+ t5d5cy4 ,electricks1 ?+s :i* attract 9 ! same mann] z amb]4 ,excit$ ,magnetick1 t :i* has acquir$ p[]s f ! load/one4 ,magnetick ,v]sorium1 a piece ( iron ^u a p91 excit$ by a load/one4 ,non-magnetick ,v]sorium1 a v]sorium ( any metal1 s]v+ = electrical exp]im5ts4 ,capp$ load/one1 :i* is furni%$ ) an iron cap1 or sn\t4 ,m]idionally1 t is1 along ! projection ( ! m]idian4 ,p>alleletically1 t is1 along ! projection ( a p>allel4 ,cusp1 tip ( a v]sorium excit$ by ! load/one4 ,cross1 sometimes us$ ( ! end t has n be5 t\*$ & excit$ by a load/one1 ?\gh 9 _m in/rum5ts bo? ends are excit$ by ! appropriate t]m9i ( ! /one4 ,cork1 t is1 b>k ( ! cork-oak4 ,radius ( ! ,orbe ( ! ,load/one1 is a /raight l9e drawn f ! summit ( ! orbe ( ! load/one1 by ! %orte/ way1 to ! surface ( ! body1 :i*1 cont9u$1 w pass ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! load/one4 ,orbe ( ,virtue1 is all t space ?r\gh :i* ! ,virtue ( any load/one ext5ds4 ,orbe ( ,coition1 is all t space ?r\gh :i* ! smalle/ magnetick is mov$ by ! load/one4 ,pro(1 = a demon/ration %[n by means ( a body4 ,magnetick ,coition3 s9ce 9 magnetick bodies1 motion does n occur by an attractive faculty1 b by a conc\rse or concordance ( bo?1 n z if !re 7 an ,greek3 helktik dunamis ( "o only1 b a ,greek3 sundrom ( bo?2 !re is always a coition ( ! vig\r3 & ev5 ( ! body if its mass %\ld n ob/ruct4 ,decl9atorium1 a piece ( ,iron capable ( turn+ ab\t an axis1 excit$ by a load/one1 9 a decl9ation in/rum5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,index ,,( ,,*apt]s4 ,book #a4 ,*ap4 #a4 ,anci5t & mod]n writ+s on ! ,load/one1 ) c]ta9 matt]s ( m5tion only1 v>i\s op9ions1 vanities4 ,*ap4 #b4 ,magnet ,/one1 ( :at k9d x is1 & its discov]y4 ,*ap4 #c4 ,! load/one has p>ts di/9ct 9 _! natural p[]1 poles conspicu\s = _! prop]ty4 ,*ap4 #d4 ,:i* pole ( ! /one is ! ,boreal3 & h[ x is di/+ui%$ f ! au/ral4 ,*ap4 #e4 ,load/one seems to attract load/one :5 9 natural position3 b repels x :5 9 a contr>y "o1 & br+s x back to ord]4 ,*ap4 #f4 ,load/one attracts ! ore ( iron1 z well z iron prop]1 smelt$ wr\ght4 ,*ap4 #g4 ,:at iron is1 & ( :at sub/ance1 & its uses4 ,*ap4 #h4 ,9 :at c\ntries & di/ricts iron orig9ates4 ,*ap4 #i4 ,iron ore attracts iron ore4 ,*ap4 #aj4 ,iron ore has poles1 & acquires !m1 & settles itself t[>d ! poles ( ! univ]se4 ,*ap4 #aa4 ,wr\ght iron1 n excit$ by a load/one1 draws iron4 ,*ap4 #ab4 ,a long piece ( ,iron 7ev5 ?\gh n excit$ by a load/one7 settles itself t[>d ,nor? ,s\?4 ,*ap4 #ac4 ,wr\ght iron has 9 itself c]ta9 p>ts ,boreal ,au/ral3 a magnetick vig\r1 v]ticity1 & det]m9ate v]tices or poles4 ,*ap4 #ad4 ,conc]n+ o!r p[]s ( load/one1 its m$ic9al prop]ties4 ,*ap4 #ae4 ,! m$ic9al virtue ( iron4 ,*ap4 #af4 ,t load/one iron ore are ! same1 b iron an extract f bo?1 z o!r metals are f _! own ores2 t all magnetick virtues1 ?\gh weak]1 exi/ 9 ! ore itself 9 smelt$ iron4 ,*ap4 #ag4 ,t ! globe ( ! e>? is magnetick1 a magnet2 h[ 9 our h&s ! magnet /one has all ! prim>y =ces ( ! e>?1 :ile ! e>? by ! same p[]s rema9s con/ant 9 a fix$ direction 9 ! univ]se4 ,book #b4 ,*ap4 #a4 ,on ,magnetick ,motions4 ,*ap4 #b4 ,on ! ,magnetick ,coition1 & fir/ on ! attraction ( ,amb]1 or m truly1 on ! atta*+ ( bodies to ,amb]4 ,*ap4 #c4 ,op9ions ( o!rs on ,magnetick ,coition1 :i* !y call ,attraction4 ,*ap4 #d4 ,on ,magnetick ,=ce ,=m1 :at x is2 & on ! cause ( ! ,coition4 ,*ap4 #e4 ,h[ ! ,p[] dwells 9 ! ,load/one4 ,*ap4 #f4 ,h[ magnetick pieces ( ,iron & small] load/ones con=m !mselves to a t]rella to ! e>? itself1 & by !m are dispos$4 ,*ap4 #g4 ,on ! ,pot5cy ( ! ,magnetick ,virtue1 & on its nature capable ( spread+ out into an orbe4 ,*ap4 #h4 ,on ! geography ( ! ,e>?1 & ( ! ,t]rella4 ,*ap4 #i4 ,on ! qu9octial ,circle ( ! ,e>? & ( a ,t]rella4 ,*ap4 #aj4 ,magnetick ,m]idians ( ! ,e>?4 ,*ap4 #aa4 ,p>allels4 vij ,*ap4 #ab4 ,! ,magnetick ,horizon4 ,*ap4 #ac4 ,on ! ,axis & ,magnetick ,poles4 ,*ap4 #ad4 ,:y at ! ,pole itself ! ,coition is /rong] ?an 9 ! o!r p>ts int]m$iate betwe5 ! quator & ! pole2 & on ! proportion ( =ces ( ! coition 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! e>? & ( ! t]rella4 ,*ap4 #ae4 ,! ,magnetick ,virtue :i* is conceiv$ 9 ,iron is m app>5t 9 an iron rod ?an 9 a piece ( ,iron t is r\nd1 squ>e1 or ( o!r figure4 ,*ap4 #af4 ,%[+ t ,movem5ts take place by ! ,magnetical ,vig\r ?\gh solid bodies lie betwe52 & on ! int]position ( iron plates4 ,*ap4 #ag4 ,on ! ,iron ,cap ( a ,load/one1 ) :i* x is arm$ at ! pole 7= ! sake ( ! virtue71 & on ! efficacy ( ! same4 ,*ap4 #ah4 ,an arm$ ,load/one does n indue an excit$ piece ( ,iron ) great] vig\r ?an an un>m$4 ,*ap4 #ai4 ,union ) an arm$ ,load/one is /rong]2 h5ce great] weights are rais$2 b ! coition is n /rong]1 b g5]ally weak]4 ,*ap4 #bj4 ,an arm$ ,load/one raises an arm$ ,load/one1 :i* also attracts a ?ird2 :i* likewise happ5s1 ?\gh ! virtue 9 ! fir/ be some:at small4 ,*ap4 #ba4 ,if ,pap] or any o!r ,m$ium be int]pos$1 an arm$ load/one raises no m ?an an un>m$ "o4 ,*ap4 #bb4 ,t an arm$ ,load/one draws ,iron no m ?an an un>m$ "o3 & t an arm$ "o is m /rongly unit$ to iron is %[n by means ( an arm$ load/one & a poli%$ ,cyl9d] ( iron4 ,*ap4 #bc4 ,! ,magnetick ,=ce causes motion t[>d unity1 & b9ds firmly toge!r bodies :i* are unit$4 ,*ap4 #bd4 ,a piece ( ,iron plac$ )9 ! ,orbe ( a ,load/one hangs susp5d$ 9 ! air1 if on acc\nt ( "s imp$im5t x _c approa* x4 ,*ap4 #be4 ,exaltation ( ! p[] ( ! magnet4 ,*ap4 #bf4 ,:y !re %\ld appe> to be a great] love betwe5 iron load/one1 ?an betwe5 load/one load/one1 or betwe5 iron iron1 :5 close to ! load/one1 )9 its orbe ( virtue4 ,*ap4 #bg4 ,! ,c5tre ( ! ,magnetick ,virtues 9 ! e>? is ! c5tre ( ! e>?2 & 9 a t]rella is ! c5tre ( ! /one4 ,*ap4 #bh4 ,a ,load/one attracts magneticks n only to a fix$ po9t or pole1 b to e "p ( a t]rella save ! qu9octial zone4 ,*ap4 #bi4 ,on ,v>iety ( ,/r5g? due to ,quantity or ,mass4 ,*ap4 #cj4 ,! ,%ape & ,mass ( ! ,iron are ( mo/ importance 9 cases ( coition4 ,*ap4 #ca4 ,on long & r\nd /ones4 ,*ap4 #cb4 ,c]ta9 ,problems & ,magnetick ,exp]im5ts ab\t ! ,coition1 & ,sep>ation1 & regul> ,motion ( ,bodies magnetical4 ,*ap4 #cc4 ,on ! ,v>y+ ,ratio ( ,/r5g?1 & ( ! ,motion ( coition1 )9 ! orbe ( virtue4 ,*ap4 #cd4 ,:y a ,load/one %\ld be /rong] 9 its poles 9 a diff]5t ratio2 z well 9 ! ,nor!rn regions z 9 ! ,s\!rn4 ,*ap4 #ce4 ,on a ,p]petual ,motion ,ma*9e1 m5tion$ by au?ors1 by means ( ! attraction ( a load/one4 ,*ap4 #cf4 ,h[ a m robu/ ,load/one may be recogniz$4 ,*ap4 #cg4 ,use ( a ,load/one z x affects iron4 ,*ap4 #ch4 ,on ,cases ( ,attraction 9 o!r ,bodies4 ,*ap4 #ci4 ,on ,bodies :i* mutually repel "o ano!r4 ,book #c4 ,*ap4 #a4 ,on ,direction4 ,*ap4 #b4 ,! ,directive or ,v]sorial ,virtue 7:i* we call v]ticity73 :at x is1 h[ x exi/s 9 ! load/one2 & 9 :at way x is acquir$ :5 innate4 ,*ap4 #c4 ,h[ ,iron acquires ,v]ticity ?r\gh a load/one1 & h[ t v]ticity is lo/ & *ang$4 ,*ap4 #d4 ,:y ,iron t\*$ by a ,load/one acquires an opposite v]ticity1 & :y iron t\*$ by ! true ,nor!rn side ( a /one turns to ! ,nor? ( ! e>?1 by ! true ,s\!rn side to ! ,s\?2 & does n turn to ! ,s\? :5 rubb$ by ! ,nor!rn po9t ( ! /one1 & :5 by ! ,s\!rn to ! ,nor?1 z all :o h writt5 on ! ,load/one h falsely suppos$4 ,*ap4 #e4 ,on ! ,t\*+ ( pieces ( ,iron ( div]s %apes4 ,*ap4 #f4 ,:at seems an ,oppos+ ,motion 9 ,magneticks is a prop] motion t[>d unity4 ,*ap4 #g4 ,a det]m9$ ,v]ticity & a dispon5t ,faculty are :at arrange magneticks1 n a =ce1 attract+ !m or pull+ !m toge!r1 nor m]ely a /rongi% coition or unition4 ,*ap4 #h4 ,( ,discords betwe5 pieces ( ,iron ^u ! same pole ( a ,load/one1 & h[ !y c agree & /& jo9$ toge!r4 ,*ap4 #i4 ,figures illu/rat+ direction & %[+ v>ieties ( rotations4 ,*ap4 #aj4 ,on ,mutation ( ,v]ticity & ( ,magnetick ,prop]ties1 or on alt]ation 9 ! p[] excit$ by a load/one4 ,*ap4 #aa4 ,on ! ,rubb+ ( a piece ( ,iron on a ,load/one 9 places midway betwe5 ! poles1 & ^u ! qu9octial ( a t]rella4 ,*ap4 #ab4 ,9 :at way ,v]ticity exi/s 9 any ,iron t has be5 smelt$ ?\gh n excit$ by a load/one4 ,*ap4 #ac4 ,:y no o!r ,body1 except+ a magnetick1 is imbu$ ) v]ticity by be+ rubb$ on a load/one1 & :y no body is able to in/il & excite t virtue1 unless x be a magnetick4 ,*ap4 #ad4 ,! ,plac+ ( a ,load/one above or bel[ a magnetick body susp5d$ 9 quilibrio *anges nei!r ! p[] nor ! v]ticity ( ! magnetick body4 ,*ap4 #ae4 ,! ,poles1 quator1 ,c5tre 9 an entire ,load/one rema9 & cont9ue /eady2 by dim9ution & sep>ation ( "s "p !y v>y & acquire o!r positions4 ,*ap4 #af4 ,if ! ,s\!rn ,portion ( a ,/one be less5$1 some?+ is also tak5 away f ! p[] ( ! ,nor!rn ,portion4 ,*ap4 #ag4 ,on ! ,use & ,excell5ce ( ,v]soria3 & h[ iron v]soria us$ z po9t]s 9 sun-dials1 & ! f9e ne$les ( ! m>9]s' compass1 are to be rubb$1 t !y may acquire /rong] v]ticity4 viij ,book #d4 ,*ap4 #a4 ,on ,v>iation4 ,*ap4 #b4 ,t ! v>iation is caus$ by ! 9quality ( ! project+ p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,*ap4 #c4 ,! v>iation 9 any "o place is con/ant4 ,*ap4 #d4 ,! arc ( v>iation is n *ang$ equally 9 proportion to ! di/ance ( places4 ,*ap4 #e4 ,an isl& 9 ,ocean does n *ange ! v>iation1 z nei!r d m9es ( load/one4 ,*ap4 #f4 ,! v>iation & direction arise f ! dispon5t p[] ( ! e>?1 & f ! natural magnetick t5d5cy to rotation1 n f attraction1 or f coition1 or f o!r occult cause4 ,*ap4 #g4 ,:y ! v>iation f t lat]al cause is n great] ?an has hi!rto be5 obs]v$1 hav+ be5 r>ely se5 to rea* two po9ts ( ! m>9]s' compass1 except ne> ! pole4 ,*ap4 #h4 ,on ! con/ruction ( ! common m>9]s' compass1 & on ! div]sity ( ! compasses ( diff]5t nations4 ,*ap4 #i4 ,:e!r ! t]re/rial longitude c be f\nd f ! v>iation4 ,*ap4 #aj4 ,:y 9 v>i\s places ne> ! pole ! v>iations are mu* m ample ?an 9 a l[] latitude4 ,*ap4 #aa4 ,c>dan's error :5 he seeks ! di/ance ( ! c5tre ( ! e>? f ! c5tre ( ! cosmos by ! motion ( ! /one ( ,h]cules2 9 8 book #e1 ,on ,proportions4 ,*ap4 #ab4 ,on ! f9d+ ( ! am\nt ( v>iation3 h[ great is ! arc ( ! ,horizon f its arctick to its ant>ctick int]section ( ! m]idian1 to ! po9t respective ( ! magnetick ne$le4 ,*ap4 #ac4 ,! obs]vations ( v>iation by seam5 v>y1 = ! mo/ "p1 & are unc]ta93 p>tly f error & inexp]i5ce1 & ! imp]fections ( ! in/rum5ts3 & p>tly f ! sea be+ seldom s calm t ! %ad[s or lights c rema9 q /eady on ! in/rum5ts4 ,*ap4 #ad4 ,on ! v>iation "u ! qu9octial l9e1 & ne> x4 ,*ap4 #ae4 ,! v>iation ( ! magnetick ne$le 9 ! great ?iopick & ,am]ican sea1 beyond ! quator4 ,*ap4 #af4 ,on ! v>iation 9 ,nova ,zembla4 ,*ap4 #ag4 ,v>iation 9 ! ,pacifick ,ocean4 ,*ap4 #ah4 ,on ! v>iation 9 ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea4 ,*ap4 #ai4 ,! v>iation 9 ! int]ior ( l>ge ,cont95ts4 ,*ap4 #bj4 ,v>iation 9 ! ,ea/]n ,ocean4 ,*ap4 #ba4 ,h[ ! deviation ( ! v]sorium is augm5t$ & dim9i%$ by reason ( ! di/ance ( places4 ,book #e4 ,*ap4 #a4 ,on ,decl9ation4 ,*ap4 #b4 ,diagram ( decl9ations ( ! magnetick ne$le1 :5 excit$1 9 ! v>i\s positions ( ! sph]e1 & horizons ( ! e>?1 9 :i* !re is no v>iation ( ! decl9ation4 ,*ap4 #c4 ,an indicatory in/rum5t1 %[+ by ! virtue ( a /one ! degrees ( decl9ation f ! horizon ( ea* sev]al latitude4 ,*ap4 #d4 ,conc]n+ ! l5g? ( a v]sorium conv5i5t = decl9ation on a t]rella4 ,*ap4 #e4 ,t decl9ation does n arise f ! attraction ( ! load/one1 b f a dispos+ & rotat+ influ5ce4 ,*ap4 #f4 ,on ! proportion ( decl9ation to latitude1 & ! cause ( x4 ,*ap4 #g4 ,explanation ( ! diagram ( ! rotation ( a magnetick ne$le4 ,*ap4 #h4 ,diagram ( ! rotation ( a magnetick ne$le1 indicat+ magnetical decl9ation 9 all latitudes1 & f ! rotation & decl9ation1 ! latitude itself4 ,*ap4 #i4 ,demon/ration ( direction1 or ( v>iation f ! true direction1 at ! same "t ) decl9ation1 by means ( only a s+le motion 9 wat]1 due to ! dispos+ & rotat+ virtue4 ,*ap4 #aj4 ,on ! v>iation ( ! decl9ation4 ,*ap4 #aa4 ,on ! ess5tial magnetick activity sphrically effus$4 ,*ap4 #ab4 ,magnetick =ce is animate1 or imitates life2 & 9 _m ?+s surpasses human life1 :ile ?is is b\nd up 9 ! organick body4 ,book #f4 ,*ap4 #a4 ,on ! globe ( ! e>?1 ! great magnet4 ,*ap4 #b4 ,! ,magnetick axis ( ! ,e>? p]si/s inv>iable4 ,*ap4 #c4 ,on ! magnetick diurnal revolution ( ! ,e>?'s globe1 z a probable ass]tion aga9/ ! "t-hon\r$ op9ion ( a ,primum ,mobile4 ,*ap4 #d4 ,t ! ,e>? moves circul>ly4 ,*ap4 #e4 ,argum5ts ( ^? d5y+ ! ,e>?'s motion1 & _! confutation4 ,*ap4 #f4 ,on ! cause ( ! def9ite "t ( an entire rotation ( ! ,e>?4 ,*ap4 #g4 ,on ! prim>y magnetick nature ( ! ,e>?1 :]eby its poles are p>t$ f ! poles ( ! ,ecliptick4 ,*ap4 #h4 ,on ! ,prcession ( ! qu9oxes1 f ! magnetick motion ( ! poles ( ! ,e>?1 9 ! ,arctick ,ant>ctick circle ( ! ,zodiack4 ,*ap4 #i4 ,on ! anomaly ( ! ,prcession ( ! qu9oxes1 ( ! obliquity ( ! ,zodiack4 ,illu/ration 99 99 99 99 99 #a ,illu/ration ,,william ,,gilb]t ,,on ,,! ,,load/one1 ,,bk4 ,i4 ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,,anci5t ,,& ,,mod]n ,,writ+s on ! ,load/one1 ) c]ta9 matt]s ( m5tion only1 v>i\s op9ions1 vanities4 ,at an e>ly p]iod1 :ile philosophy lay z yet rude & uncultivat$ 9 ! mi/s ( error & ignorance1 few 7 ! virtues & prop]ties ( ?+s t 7 kn[n & cle>ly p]ceiv$3 !re 0 a bri/l+ =e/ ( plants & h]bs1 ?+s metallick 7 hidd51 & ! k ( /ones 0 unhe$$4 ,b no soon] _h ! tal5ts & toils ( _m br\ght to light c]ta9 commodities necess>y = ! use & safety ( m51 & h&$ !m on to o!rs 7:ile at ! same "t reason & exp]i5ce _h add$ a l>g] hope71 ?an a ?or\gh exam9ation began to be made ( =e/s & fields1 hills & heights2 ( seas too1 & ! dep?s ( ! wat]s1 ( ! b[els ( ! e>?'s body2 & all ?+s began to be look$ into4 ,& at l5g? by good luck ! magnet-/one 0 discov]$ 9 iron lodes1 probably by smelt]s ( iron or digg]s ( metals4 ,?is1 on be+ h&l$ by metal folk1 quickly display$ t p[]ful & /rong attraction = iron1 a virtue n lat5t & obscure1 b easily prov$ by all1 & highly prais$ & comm5d$4 ,& 9 aft] "t :5 x _h em]g$1 z x 7 out ( d>kness & deep dungeons1 & _h become dignifi$ ( m5 on acc\nt ( its /rong & amaz+ attraction = iron1 _m philosoph]s z well z physicians ( anci5t days disc\rs$ ( x1 9 %ort celebrat$1 z x 71 its memory only2 z = in/ance ,plato 9 ! ,io#b1 ,ari/otle 9 ! ,de ,anima#c1 9 ,book ,i4 only1 ,!ophra/us ! ,lesbian1 ,dioscorides1 ,c4 ,pl9ius ,secundus1 & ,julius ,sol9us#d4 ,z h&$ d[n by !m ! load/one m]ely attract$ iron1 ! re/ ( its virtues 7 all undiscov]$4 ,b t ! /ory ( ! #b load/one might n appe> too b>e & too brief1 to ?is s+ul> & sole kn[n quality !re 7 add$ c]ta9 figm5ts & falsehoods1 :i* 9 ! e>lie/ times1 no less ?an n[adays1 us$ to be put =? by raw smatt]]s & copyi/s to be swall[$ ( m54 ,z = in/ance1 t if a load/one be ano9t$ ) g>lick1 or if a diamond be ne>1 x does n attract iron#e4 ,tales ( ?is sort occur 9 ,pl9y1 & 9 ,ptolemy's ,quadrip>titum2 & ! errors h be5 s$ul\sly propagat$1 & h ga9$ gr\nd 7l ill we$s t gr[ apace7 com+ d[n ev5 to our own day1 ?r\gh ! writ+s ( a ho/ ( m51 :o1 to fill put _! volumes to a prop] bulk1 write & copy out pages ^u pages on ?is1 t1 & ! o!r subject1 ( :i* !y knew almo/ no?+ = c]ta9 ( _! own exp]i5ce4 ,su* fables ( ! load/one ev5 ,georgius ,agricola himself1 mo/ di/+ui%$ 9 lett]s1 rely+ on ! writ+s ( o!rs1 has embodi$ z actual hi/ory 9 8 books ,de ,natura ,fossilium4 ,gal5 not$ its m$ic9al p[] 9 ! n9? book ( 8 ,de ,simplicium ,m$icam5torum ,facultatibus1 & its natural prop]ty ( attract+ iron 9 ! fir/ book ( ,de ,naturalibus ,facultatibus2 b he fail$ to recognize ! cause1 z ,dioscorides be=e him1 nor made fur!r inquiry4 ,b 8 comm5tator ,mat?iolus repeats ! /ory ( ! g>lick & ! diamond1 & moreov] introduces ,mahomet's %r9e vault$ ) load/ones#f1 & writes t1 by ! exhibition ( ?is 7) ! iron c(f9 hang+ 9 ! air7 z a div9e miracle1 ! public 7 impos$ ^u4 ,b ?is is kn[n by travell]s to be false4 ,yet ,pl9y relates t ,*9ocrates ! ar*itect _h comm5c$ to ro( ov] ! temple ( ,ars9oe at ,alex&ria ) magnet-/one#g1 t h] /atue ( iron plac$ !re9 might appe> to hang 9 space4 ,8 own dea?1 h[ev]1 int]v5$1 & also t ( ,ptolemy1 :o _h ord]$ x to be made 9 hon\r ( 8 si/]4 ,v little 0 writt5 by ! anci5ts z to ! causes ( attraction ( iron2 by ,lucretius & o!rs !re are "s %ort notices2 o!rs only make slight & meagre m5tion ( ! attraction ( iron3 all ( ^! are c5sur$ by ,c>dan = be+ s c>eless & neglig5t 9 a matt] ( su* importance & 9 s wide a field ( philosophiz+2 & = n supply+ an ampl] notion ( x & a m p]fect philosophy3 & yet1 beyond c]ta9 receiv$ op9ions & ideas borr[$ f o!rs & ill-f\nd$ conjectures1 he has n himself any m ?an !y deliv]$ to po/]ity 9 all 8 bulky works any contribution to ! subject wor?y ( a philosoph]4 ,( mod]n writ]s "s set =? its virtue 9 m$ic9e only1 z #h;,antonius ,musa ,brasavolus1 ,bapti/a ,montanus1 ,amatus ,lusitanus1 z be=e !m ,oribasius 9 8 ?irte5? *apt] ,de ,facultate ,metallicorum1 ,aetius ,amid5us1 ,avic5na1 ,s]apio ,mauritanus1 ,hali ,abbas1 ,santes de ,ardoynis1 ,petrus ,appon5sis1 ,m>cellus#i1 ,arnaldus4 ,b>e m5tion is made ( c]ta9 po9ts relat+ to ! load/one 9 v few words by ,m>bodeus ,callus1 ,alb]tus1 #c ,mat?u ,silvaticus1 ,h]molaus ,b>b>us1 ,camillus ,leonh>dus1 ,cornelius ,agrippa1 ,fallopius1 ,johannes ,langius1 ,c>d9al ,cusan1 ,hannibal ,rosetius ,calab]2 by all ( :om ! subject is treat$ v neglig5tly1 :ile !y m]ely repeat o!r p's fictions & rav+s4 ,mat?iolus comp>es ! allur+ p[]s ( ! load/one :i* pass ?r\gh iron mat]ials1 ) ! mis*ief ( ! torp$o1 ^: v5om passes ?r\gh bodies & spreads imp]ceptibly2 ,guilielmus ,pateanus 9 8 ,ratio ,purgantium ,m$icam5torum discusses ! load/one briefly & le>n$ly4 ,?omas ,era/us#aj1 kn[+ little ( magnetical nature1 f9ds 9 ! load/one weak argum5ts aga9/ ,p>acelsus2 ,georgius ,agricola1 l ,encelius#aa & o!r metallurgi/s1 m]ely /ates ! facts2 ,alex&] ,aphrodiseus 9 8 ,problemata consid]s ! "q ( ! load/one inexplicable2 ,lucretius ,c>us1 ! poet ( ! ,epicurean s*ool1 consid]s t an attraction is br\ght ab\t 9 ?is way3 t z f all ?+s !re is an efflux ( v m9ute bodies1 s f ! iron atoms fl[ into ! space empti$ by ! elem5ts ( ! load/one1 betwe5 ! iron & ! load/one1 & t z soon z !y h begun to /ream t[>ds ! load/one1 ! iron foll[s1 its corpuscles be+ entangl$4 ,to mu* ! same effect ,johannes ,co/u adduces a passage f ,plut>*2 ,?omas ,aqu9as#ab1 writ+ briefly on ! load/one 9 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ( 8 ,physica1 t\*es n amiss on its nature1 & ) 8 div9e & cle> intellect w\ld h publi%$ mu* m1 _h he be5 conv]sant ) magnetick exp]im5ts4 ,plato ?9ks ! virtue div9e4 ,b :5 ?ree or f\r hundr$ ye>s aft]w>ds1 ! magnetick movem5t to ,nor? & ,s\? 0 discov]$ or aga9 recogniz$ by m51 _m le>n$ m5 attempt$1 ea* accord+ to ! b5t ( 8 own m9d1 ei!r by wond] & praise1 or by "s sort ( reason+s1 to ?r[ light ^u a virtue s notable1 & s ne$ful = ! use ( mank9d4 ,( m mod]n au?ors a great numb] h /riv5 to %[ :at is ! cause ( ?is direction & movem5t to ,nor? & ,s\?1 & to und]/& ?is great miracle ( nature1 & to disclose x to o!rs3 b !y h lo/ bo? _! oil & _! pa9s2 =1 n be+ practis$ 9 ! subjects ( nature1 & be+ misl$ by c]ta9 false physical sy/ems1 !y adopt$ z !irs1 f books only1 )\t magnetical exp]im5ts1 c]ta9 inf]5ces bas$ on va9 op9ions1 & _m ?+s t are n1 dream+ old wives' tales4 ,m>silius ,fic9us rum9ates ov] ! anci5t op9ions1 & 9 ord] to %[ ! reason ( ! direction seeks ! cause 9 ! heav5ly con/ellation ( ! ,be>1 suppos+ ! virtue ( ! ,be> to prevail 9 ! /one & to be transf]r$ to ! iron4 ,p>acelsus ass]t$ t !re are />s1 end[$ ) ! p[] ( ! load/one1 :i* attract to !mselves iron4 ,lev9us ,lemnius describes & praises ! compass#ac1 & inf]s its antiquity on c]ta9 gr\nds2 he does n divulge ! hidd5 miracle :i* he prop\nds4 ,9 ! k+dom #d ( ,naples ! ,amalfians 7 ! fir/ 7s x is said7 to con/ruct ! m>9]s' compass3 & z ,flavius ,blondus says ! ,amalfians#ad boa/1 n )\t reason1 t !y 7 taught by a c]ta9 citiz51 ,johannes ,goia1 9 ! ye> ?irte5 hundr$ aft] ! bir? ( ,*ri/4 ,t t[n is situat$ 9 ! k+dom ( ,naples n f> f ,sal]no1 ne> ! promontory ( ,m9]va2 & ,*>les ,v4 be/[$ t pr9cipality on ,&rea ,doria1 t great ,admiral1 on acc\nt ( 8 signal naval s]vices4 ,inde$ x is pla9 t no inv5tion ( man's device has ev] done m = mank9d ?an ! compass3 "s not)/&+ consid] t x 0 discov]$ by o!rs previ\sly & us$ 9 navigation1 judg+ f anci5t writ+s & c]ta9 argum5ts & conjectures4 ,! k ( ! little m>9]s' compass seems to h be5 br\ght into ,italy by ,paolo1 ! ,v5etian#ae1 :o le>n$ ! art ( ! compass 9 ! ,*9as ab\t ! ye> ,,mcclx42 yet ,i d n wi% ! ,amalfians to be depriv$ ( an hon\r s great z t ( hav+ fir/ made ! con/ruction common 9 ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea4 ,goropius#af attributes ! discov]y to ! ,cimbri or ,teutons1 =soo? because ! names ( ! ?irty-two w9ds inscrib$ on ! compass are pron\nc$ 9 ! ,g]man tongue by all %ip-ma/]s1 :e!r !y be ,fr5*1 ,briti%1 or ,spani>ds2 b ! ,italians describe !m 9 _! own v]nacul>4 ,"s ?9k t ,solomon1 k+ ( ,juda1 0 acqua9t ) ! use ( ! m>9]s' compass1 & made x kn[n to 8 %ip-ma/]s 9 ! long voyages :5 !y br\ght back su* a p[] ( gold f ! ,we/ ,indies3 :5ce also1 f ! ,hebrew ^w ,p>vaim#ag1 ,arias ,montanus ma9ta9s t ! gold-ab\nd+ regions ( ,p]u are nam$ ,b x is m likely to h come f ! coa/ ( l[] ?iopia1 f ! region ( ,cephala1 z o!rs relate4 ,yet t acc\nt seems to be less true1 inasmu* z ! ,pho5icians1 on ! fronti] ( ,juda1 :o 7 mo/ skill$ 9 navigation 9 =m] ages 7a p ^: tal5ts1 "w1 & c\nsel ,solomon made use ( 9 con/ruct+ %ips & 9 ! actual exp$itions1 z well z 9 o!r op]ations71 7 ignorant ( magnetick aid1 ! art ( ! m>9]s' compass3 ,= _h x be5 9 use among/ !m1 )\t d\bt ! ,greeks & also ,italians & all b>b>ians w\ld h und]/ood a ?+ s necess>y & made fam\s by common use2 nor c\ld matt]s ( mu* repute1 v easily kn[n1 & s highly requisite ev] h p]i%$ 9 oblivion2 b ei!r ! le>n+ w\ld h be5 h&$ d[n to po/]ity1 or "s memorial ( x w\ld be extant 9 writ+4 ,seba/ian ,cabot 0 ! fir/ to discov] t ! magnetick iron v>i$#ah4 ,gonzalus ,ovi$us#ai is ! fir/ to write1 z he does 9 ! ,hi/oria1 t 9 ! s\? ( ! ,azores x does n v>y4 ,f]nelius 9 8 book ,de ,abditis ,r]um ,causis says t 9 ! load/one !re is a hidd5 & ab/ruse cause1 else:]e call+ x cele/ial2 & he br+s =? no?+ b ! unkn[n by means ( :at is /ill m unkn[n4 #e ,= clumsy1 & meagre1 & po9tless is 8 inquiry into hidd5 causes4 ,! +5i\s ,fraca/orio1 a di/+ui%$ philosoph]1 9 seek+ ! reason = ! direction ( ! load/one1 feigns ,hyp]borean magnetick m\nta9s attract+ magnetical ?+s ( iron3 ?is view1 :i* has f\nd acceptance 9 "p by o!rs1 is foll[$ by _m au?ors & f9ds a place n 9 _! writ+s only1 b 9 geographical tables1 m>9e *>ts1 & maps ( ! globe3 dream+1 z !y d1 ( magnetick poles & huge rocks1 diff]5t f ! poles ( ! e>?4 ,m ?an two hundr$ ye>s e>li] ?an ,fraca/orio !re exi/s a little "w1 fairly le>n$ = ! "t1 go+ "u ! "n ( "o ,pet] ,p]egr9us#bj1 :i* "s consid] to h orig9at$ f ! views ( ,rog] ,bacon1 ! ,engli%man ( ,ox=d3 ,9 :i* book causes = magnetick direction are s\ght f ! poles ( ! heav5 & f ! heav5 itself4 ,f ?is ,pet] ,p]egr9us1 ,johannes ,taisni] ( ,ha9ault#ba extract$ mat]ials = a little book1 & publi%$ x z new4 ,c>dan talks mu* ( ! ris+ ( ! /> 9 ! tail ( ! ,great] ,be>1 & has attribut$ to its ris+ ! cause ( ! v>iation3 suppos+ t ! v>iation is always ! same1 f ! ris+ ( ! />4 ,b ! diff]5ce ( ! v>iation accord+ to ! *ange ( position1 & ! *anges :i* occur 9 _m places1 & are ev5 irregul> 9 s\!rn regions1 preclude ! influ5ce ( "o p>ticul> /> at its nor!rn ris+4 ,! ,college ( ,coimbra#bb seeks ! cause 9 "s "p ( ! heav5 ne> ! pole3 ,scalig] 9 section ,,cxxxi4 ( 8 ,ex]citationes on ,c>dan sugge/s a heav5ly cause unkn[n to himself1 & t]re/rial load/ones n[h]e yet discov]$4 ,a cause n due to ^? sid]itic m\nta9s nam$ above1 b to t p[] :i* fa%ion$ !m1 namely t portion ( ! heav5 :i* ov]hangs t nor!rn po9t4 ,?is view is g>ni%$ ) a weal? ( words by t erudite man1 & cr[n$ ) _m m>g9al subtilities2 b ) reason+s n s subtile4 ,m>t9 ,cortes#bc consid]s t !re is a place ( attraction beyond ! poles1 :i* he judges to be ! mov+ heav5s4 ,"o ,bess>dus#bd1 a ,fr5*man1 ) no less folly notes ! pole ( ! zodiack4 ,jacobus ,sev]tius#be1 ( ,p>is1 :ile quot+ a few po9ts1 fa%ions new errors z to load/ones ( diff]5t p>ts ( ! e>? be+ diff]5t 9 direction3 & also z to !re be+ ea/]n & we/]n p>ts ( ! load/one4 ,rob]t ,norman#bf1 an ,engli%man1 fixes a po9t & region respective1 n attractive2 to :i* ! magnetical iron is collimat$1 b is n itself attract$4 ,franciscus ,maurolycus#bg treats ( a few problems on ! load/one1 tak+ ! trite views ( o!rs1 & av]s t ! v>iation is due to a c]ta9 magnetical isl& m5tion$ by ,olaus ,magnus#bh4 ,josephus ,aco/a#bi1 ?\gh q ignorant ab\t ! load/one1 nev]!less p\rs =? vapid talk ^u ! load/one4 ,livio ,sanuto#cj 9 8 ,italian ,geographia1 discusses at l5g? ! "q :e!r ! prime magnetick #f m]idian & ! magnetick poles are 9 ! heav5s or 9 ! e>?2 also ab\t an in/rum5t = f9d+ ! longitude3 b ?r\gh n und]/&+ magnetical nature1 he raises no?+ b errors & mi/s 9 t s important notion4 ,=tunius ,affaytatus#ca philosophizes fooli%ly en\gh on ! attraction ( iron1 & its turn+ to ! poles4 ,mo/ rec5tly1 ,bapti/a ,porta#cb1 no ord9>y philosoph]1 9 8 ,magia ,naturalis1 has made ! sev5? book a cu/odian & di/ributor ( ! m>vels ( ! load/one2 b little did he "k or ev] see ( magnetick motions2 & "s ?+s t he not$ ( ! p[]s :i* x manife/$1 ei!r le>n$ by him f ! ,rev]5d ,mae/ro ,paolo1 ! ,v5etian#cc1 or evolv$ f 8 own vigils1 7 n s well discov]$ or obs]v$2 b ab\nd 9 utt]ly false exp]im5ts1 z w be cle> 9 due place3 /ill ,i deem him wor?y ( high praise = hav+ attempt$ s great a subject 7z he has done ) suffici5t success & no mean result 9 _m o!r in/ances71 & = hav+ giv5 occasion = fur!r rese>*4 ,all ^! philosophiz]s ( a previ\s age1 philosophiz+ ab\t attraction f a few vague & untru/wor?y exp]im5ts1 draw+ _! argum5ts f ! hidd5 causes ( ?+s2 & !n1 seek+ = ! causes ( magnetick directions 9 a qu>t] ( ! heav5s1 9 ! poles1 ! />s1 con/ellations1 or 9 m\nta9s1 or rocks1 space1 atoms1 attractive or respective po9ts beyond ! heav5s1 & o!r su* unprov5 p>adoxes1 are :ole horizons wrong1 & w&] ab\t bl9dly4 ,& z yet we h n set ourselves to ov]?r[ by argum5t ^? errors & impot5t reason+s ( !irs1 nor _m o!r fables told ab\t ! load/one1 nor ! sup]/itions ( impo/ors & fabuli/s3 = in/ance1 ,franciscus ,rueus'#cd d\bt :e!r ! load/one 7 n an impo/ure ( evil spirits3 or t1 plac$ und]nea? ! head ( an unconsci\s woman :ile asleep1 x drives h] away f ! b$ if an adult]ess3 or t ! load/one is ( use to ?ieves by its fume & %e51 be+ a /one born1 z x 71 to aid !ft3 or t x op5s b>s & locks1 z ,s]apio#ce crazily writes3 or t iron held up by a load/one1 :5 plac$ 9 ! scales1 add$ no?+ to ! weight ( ! load/one1 z ?\gh ! gravity ( ! iron 7 absorb$ by ! =ce ( ! /one3 or t1 z ,s]apio & ! ,moors relate1 9 ,india !re exi/ c]ta9 rocks ( ! sea ab\nd+ 9 load/one1 :i* draw out all ! nails ( ! %ips :i* are driv5 t[>d !m1 & s /op _! sail+2 :i* fable ,olaus ,magnus#cf does n omit1 say+ t !re are m\nta9s 9 ! nor? ( su* great p[]s ( attraction1 t %ips are built ) wood5 pegs1 le/ ! iron nails %\ld be drawn f ! timb] z !y pass$ by among/ ! magnetick crags4 ,nor ?is3 t a :ite load/one may be procur$ z a love potion3 or z ,hali ,abbas#cg ?\ghtlessly reports1 t if held 9 ! h& x w cure g\t & spasms3 ,or t x makes "o acceptable & 9 fav\r ) pr9ces1 or eloqu5t1 z ,pictorio#ch has #g sung2 ,or z ,alb]tus ,magnus#ci tea*es1 t !re are two k9ds ( load/ones1 "o :i* po9ts to ! ,nor?1 ! o!r to ! ,s\?3 ,or t iron is direct$ t[>d ! ,nor!rn />s by an influ5ce imp>t$ by ! pol> />s1 ev5 z plants foll[ ! sun1 z ,heliotrope does3 ,or t !re is a magnet-/one situat$ "u ! tail ( ! ,great] ,be>1 z ,lucas ,gauricus ! ,a/rolog] /at$3 ,he w\ld ev5 assign ! load/one1 l ! ,s>donyx & onyx1 to ! planet ,saturn1 yet at ! same "t he assigns x ) ! adamant1 ,jasp]1 & ,ruby1 to ,m>s2 s t x is rul$ by two planets4 ,! load/one moreov] is said by him to p]ta9 to ! sign ,virgo2 & he cov]s _m su* %ameful pieces ( folly ) a veil ( ma!matical erudition4 ,su* z t an image ( a be> is engrav$ on a load/one :5 ! ,moon faces t[>ds ! nor?1 s t :5 hung by an iron wire x may conciliate ! influ5ce ( ! cele/ial ,be>1 z ,gaud5tius ,m]ula#dj relates3 ,or t ! load/one drew iron & direct$ x to ! nor?1 because x is sup]ior 9 rank to iron1 at ! ,be>1 z ,fic9us writes1 & ,m]ula repeats3 ,or t by day x has a c]ta9 p[] ( attract+ iron1 b by night ! p[] is feeble1 or r null3 ,or t :5 weak & dull$ ! virtue is r5ew$ by goats' blood1 z ,ruellius#da writes3 ,or t ,goats' blood sets a load/one free f ! v5om ( a diamond1 s t ! lo/ p[] is reviv$ :5 ba!d 9 goats' blood by reason ( ! discord betwe5 t blood & ! diamond3 ,or t x remov$ sorc]y f wom51 & put to flight demons1 z ,arnaldus de ,villanova dreams3 ,or t x has ! p[] to reconcile husb&s to _! wives1 or to recall brides to _! husb&s1 z ,m>bodeus ,gallus#db1 *orus-lead] ( vanities1 tea*es3 ,or t 9 a load/one pickl$ 9 ! salt ( a suck+ fi%#dc !re is p[] to pick up gold :i* has fall5 into ! deepe/ wells1 accord+ to ! n>ratives ( ,clius ,calcagn9us4 ,) su* idle tales & trump]y d plebeian philosoph]s delight !mselves & satiate read]s gre$y = hidd5 ?+s1 & unle>n$ dev\r]s ( absurdities3 ,b aft] ! magnetick nature %all h be5 disclos$ by ! disc\rse t is to foll[1 & p]fect$ by our lab\rs & exp]im5ts1 !n w ! hidd5 & ab/ruse causes ( s great an effect /& out1 sure1 prov51 display$ & demon/rat$2 & at ! same "t all d>kness w disappe>1 & all error w be torn up by ! roots & w lie unhe$$2 & ! f\ndations ( a gr& magnetick philosophy :i* h be5 laid w appe> anew1 s t high intellects may be no fur!r mock$ by idle op9ions4 ,"s le>n$ m5 !re are :o 9 ! c\rse ( long voyages h obs]v$ ! diff]5ces ( magnetick v>iation3 ! mo/ s*ol>ly ,?omas ,h>iot#dd1 ,rob]t ,hues1 ,edw>d ,wright1 ,abraham ,k5dall1 all ,engli%m52 ,o!rs !re are :o h inv5t$ & produc$ magnetical in/rum5ts1 & ready me?ods ( obs]vation1 indisp5sable = sailors & to ^? travell+ af>3 #h z ,william ,bor\gh#de 9 8 little book on ! ,v>iation ( ! ,compass or ,magneticall ,ne$le1 ,william ,b>l[e#df 9 8 ,supply1 ,rob]t ,norman 9 8 ,newe ,attractive4 ,& ?is is t ,rob]t ,norman#dg 7a skilful seaman & +5i\s artific]7 :o fir/ discov]$ ! decl9ation ( ! magnetick ne$le4 ,_m o!rs ,i omit witt+ly2 mod]n ,fr5*m51 ,g]mans1 & ,spani>ds1 :o 9 books writt5 = ! mo/ "p 9 _! native tongues ei!r misuse ! placets ( o!rs1 & s5d !m =? furbi%$ ) new titles & phrases z tricky trad]s d old w>es ) m]etrici\s ornam5ts2 or (f] some?+ n wor?y ( m5tion ev53 & ^! lay h&s on "s "w fil*$ f o!r au?ors & solicit "s "o z _! patron1 or g hunt+ aft] r5[n = !mselves among ! inexp]i5c$ & ! "y2 :o 9 all bran*es ( le>n+ are se5 to h& on errors & occasionally add some?+ false ( _! own4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,magnet ,/one1 ( :at k9d x is1 & its discov]y4 ,load/one1 ! /one :i* is commonly call$ ! ,magnet1 d]ives its "n ei!r f ! discov]] 7?\gh he 0 n ,pl9y's fabul\s h]dsman#dh1 quot$ f ,nic&]1 ! nails ( ^: %oes & ! tip ( ^: /aff /uck fa/ 9 a magnetick field :ile he pa/ur$ 8 flocks71 or f ! region ( ,magnesia 9 ,mac$onia1 ri* 9 load/ones3 ,or else f ! city ,magnesia 9 ,ionia 9 ,afia ,m9or1 ne> ! riv] ,m&]4 ,h5ce ,lucretius says1 ,! ,magnet's "n ! obs]v+ ,grecians drew ,f ! ,magnetick region :]e x grew4 ,x is call$ ,h]aclean f ! city ,h]aclea1 or f ! inv9cible ,h]cules1 on acc\nt ( ! great /r5g? & dom9ation & p[] :i* !re is 9 iron ( subdu+ all ?+s3 x is also call$ sid]ite1 z be+ ( iron2 be+ n unkn[n to ! mo/ anci5t writ]s1 to ! ,greeks1 ,hippocrates1 & o!rs1 z also 7,i believe7 to ,jewi% & ,egyptian writ]s2 ,= 9 ! olde/ m9es ( iron1 ! mo/ fam\s 9 ,asia1 ! load/one 0 (t5 dug out ) its ut]9e bro!r1 iron4 ,& if ! tales be true :i* are told ( ! p ( ! ,*9as1 !y 7 n unacqua9t$ 9 primitive times ) magnetical exp]im5ts1 = ev5 among/ #i !m ! f9e/ magnets ( all are /ill f\nd4 ,! ,egyptians1 z ,mane?o relates1 gave x ! "n ,os ,ori3 call+ ! p[] :i* gov]ns ! turn+ ( ! sun ,orus1 z ! ,greeks call x ,apollo4 ,b lat] by ,euripides1 z n>rat$ by ,plato1 x 0 designat$ "u ! "n ( ,magnet4 ,by ,plato 9 ! ,io1 ,nic&] ( ,colophon1 ,!ophra/us1 ,dioscorides1 ,pl9y1 ,sol9us1 ,ptolemy1 ,gal51 & o!r inve/igators ( nature x 0 recogniz$ & comm5d$2 su*1 h[ev]1 is ! v>iety ( magnets & _! po9ts ( unlik5ess 9 h>dness1 s(tness1 heav9ess1 lightness1 d5sity1 firmness1 & friability ( sub/ance3 s great & manifold are ! diff]5ces 9 col\r & o!r qualities1 t !y h n h&$ d[n any adequate acc\nt ( x1 :i* !re=e 0 laid aside or left imp]fect by reason ( ! unfav\rable "* ( ! "t2 = 9 ^? times v>ieties ( specim5s & =eign products nev] be=e se5 7 n br\ght f su* di/ant regions by trad]s & m>9]s z !y h be5 lately1 & n[ t all ov] ! globe all k9ds ( m]*&ise1 /ones1 woods1 spices1 h]bs1 metals1 & ore 9 abundance are gre$ily s\ght aft]3 nei!r 0 metallurgy s g5]ally cultivat$ 9 a =m] age4 ,!re is a diff]5ce 9 vig\r2 z :e!r x is male or female3 = x 0 ?us t ! anci5ts us$ (t5 to di/+ui% _m individuals ( ! same species4 ,pl9y quotes f ,sotacus five k9ds2 ^? f ?iopia1 ,mac$onia1 ,boeotia1 ! ,troad1 & ,asia1 :i* 7 especially kn[n to ! anci5ts3 b we h posit$ z _m k9ds ( load/ones z !re are 9 ! :ole ( nature regions ( diff]5t k9ds ( soil4 ,= 9 all climates1 9 e prov9ce1 on e soil1 ! load/one is ei!r f\nd1 or else lies unkn[n on acc\nt ( its r deep site & inaccesible position2 or by reason ( its weak] & less obvi\s /r5g? x is n recogniz$ by u :ile we see & h&le x4 ,to ! anci5ts ! diff]5ces 7 ^? ( col\r#di1 h[ !y are r$ & black 9 ,magnesia & ,mac$onia1 9 ,boeotia r$ r ?an black1 9 ! ,troad black1 )\t /r5g?3 ,:ile 9 ,magnesia 9 ,asia !y are :ite1 n attract+ iron1 & resemble pumice-/one4 ,a /rong load/one ( ! k9d celebrat$ s (t5 n[adays 9 exp]im5ts pres5ts ! appe>ance ( unpoli%$ iron1 & is mo/ly f\nd 9 iron m9es3 x is ev5 wont to be discov]$ 9 an unbrok5 lode by itself3 ,load/ones ( ?is sort are br\ght f ,ea/ ,india1 ,*9a1 & ,b5gal1 ( ! col\r ( iron1 or ( a d>k blood or liv] col\r2 & ^! are ! f9e/1 & are sometimes ( great size1 z ?\gh brok5 (f a great rock1 & ( consid]able weight2 sometimes s+le /ones1 z x 71 & entire3 "s ( ^!1 ?\gh ( only "o p\nd weight1 c lift on high f\r ounces ( iron or a half-p\nd or ev5 a :ole p\nd4 ,r$ ones are f\nd 9 ,arabia1 z broad z a tile1 n equal 9 weight to ^? br\ght f ,*9a1 b /rong & good3 !y are a little d>k] 9 ! isl& ( ,elba 9 ! ,tuscan sea1 & toge!r ) #aj ^! also gr[ :ite ones1 l "s 9 ,spa9 9 ! m9es ( ,c>avaca3 b ^! are ( less] p[]4 ,black ones also are f\nd1 ( l[] /r5g?1 su* z ^? ( ! iron m9es 9 ,norway & 9 sea-coa/ places ne> ! /rait ( ,d5m>k4 ,among/ ! blue-black or dusky blue also "s are /rong & highly comm5d$4 ,o!r load/ones are ( a lead5 col\r1 fissile & n-fissile1 capable ( be+ split l slates 9 lay]s4 ,i h also "s l gray m>ble ( an a%5 col\r1 & "s speckl$ l gray m>ble1 & ^! take ! f9e/ poli%4 ,9 ,g]many !re are "s p]=at$ l honeycombs1 light] ?an any o!rs1 & yet /rong4 ,^? are metallick :i* smelt into ! be/ iron2 o!rs are n easily smelt$1 b are burn$ up4 ,!re are load/ones t are v heavy1 z also o!rs v light2 "s are v p[]ful 9 cat*+ up pieces ( iron1 :ile o!rs are weak] & ( less capacity1 o!rs s feeble & b>r5 t !y ) difficulty attract ev] s t9y a piece ( iron & _c repel an opposite magnetick4 ,o!rs are firm & t\gh1 & d n readily yield to ! artific]4 ,o!rs are friable4 ,aga91 !re are "s d5se & h>d z em]y1 or loose-textur$ & s(t z pumice2 por\s or solid2 entire & uni=m1 or v>i$ & corrod$2 n[ l iron = h>dness1 yea1 sometimes h>d] ?an iron to cut or to file2 o!rs are z s(t z clay4 ,n all magnets c be prop]ly call$ /ones2 "s r repres5t rocks2 :ile o!rs exi/ r z metallick lodes2 o!rs z clods & lumps ( e>?4 ,?us v>i$ & unlike ea* o!r1 !y are all end[$1 "s m1 "s less1 ) ! peculi> virtue4 ,= !y v>y accord+ to ! nature ( ! soil1 ! diff]5t admixture ( clods & hum\rs1 hav+ respect to ! nature ( ! region & to _! subsid5ce 9 ?is la/-=m$ cru/ ( ! e>?1 result+ f ! conflu5ce ( _m causes1 & ! p]petual alt]nations ( gr[? & decl9e1 & ! mutations ( bodies4 ,nor is ?is /one ( su* pot5cy r>e2 & !re is no region :]e9 x is n to be f\nd 9 "s sort4 ,b if m5 7 to se>* = x m dilig5tly & at great] outlay1 or 7 able1 :]e difficulties are pres5t1 to m9e x1 x w\ld come to h& ev]y:]e1 z we %all h]eaft] prove4 ,9 _m c\ntries h be5 f\nd & op5$ m9es ( efficaci\s load/ones unkn[n to ! anci5t writ]s1 z = in/ance 9 ,g]many1 :]e none ( !m has ev] ass]t$ t load/ones 7 m9$4 ,yet s9ce ! "t :51 )9 ! memory ( our fa!rs1 metallurgy began to fl\ri% !re1 load/ones /rong & efficaci\s 9 p[] h be5 dug out 9 num]\s places2 z 9 ! ,black ,=e/ beyond ,helceburg2 9 ,m\nt ,mis5a n f> f ,s*w>tz5b]g#ej2 a fairly /rong k9d betwe5 ,s*neeb]g & ,annab]g 9 ,joa*im/hal1 z 0 notic$ by ,cordus3 also ne> ! village ( ,pela 9 ,franconia4 ,9 ,bohemia x occurs 9 iron m9es 9 ! ,lessa di/rict & o!r places1 z ,georgi\s ,agricola & sev]al o!r m5 le>n$ 9 metallurgy #aa witness4 ,9 l mann] 9 o!r c\ntries 9 our "t x is br\ght to light2 = z ! /one rem>kable = its virtues is n[ fam\s ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w1 s also ev]y:]e e l& produces x1 & x is1 s to speak1 indig5\s 9 all l&s4 ,9 ,ea/ ,india1 9 ,*9a1 9 ,b5gal ne> ! riv] ,indus x is common1 & 9 c]ta9 m>itime rocks3 9 ,p]sia1 ,arabia1 & ! isl&s ( ! ,r$ ,sea2 9 _m places 9 ?iopia1 z 0 =m]ly ,zimiri1 ( :i* ,pl9y makes m5tion4 ,9 ,asia ,m9or ar\nd ,alex&ria & ! ,troad2 9 ,mac$onia1 ,boeotia1 9 ,italy1 ! isl& ( ,elba1 ,b>b>y2 9 ,spa9 /ill 9 _m m9es z a=etime4 ,9 ,engl& q lately a huge p[] ( x 0 discov]$ 9 a m9e belong+ to ,adrian ,gilb]t1 g5tleman#ea2 also 9 ,devon%ire & ! ,=e/ ( ,dean2 9 ,irel&1 too1 ,norway1 ,d5m>k1 ,sw$51 ,lapl&1 ,livonia1 ,prussia1 ,pol&1 ,hung>y4 ,= al?\gh ! t]re/rial globe1 ow+ to ! v>i$ hum\rs & natures ( ! soil aris+ f ! cont9ual succession ( gr[? & decay1 is 9 ! lapse ( "t effloresc+ ?r\gh all its ambit deep] into its surface1 & is girt ab\t ) a v>i$ & p]i%able cov]+1 z x 7 ) a veil2 yet out ( h] womb arise? 9 _m places an (fspr+ nigh] to ! m p]fect body & makes its way to ! light ( day4 ,b ! weak & less vigor\s load/ones1 enfeebl$ by ! fl[ ( hum\rs1 are visible 9 e region1 9 e /ra?4 ,x is easy to discov] a va/ quantity ( !m ev]y:]e )\t p5etrat+ m\nta9s or great dep?s1 or enc\nt]+ ! difficulties & h>d%ips ( m9]s2 z we %all prove 9 ! sequel4 ,& ^! we %all take pa9s s to prep>e by an easy op]ation t _! languid & dormant virtue %all be made manife/4 ,x is call$ by ! ,greeks#eb ,greek3 h]aklios1 z by ,!ophra/us1 & ,greek3 magntis2 & ,greek3 magns1 z by ,euripides1 z quot$ by ,plato 9 ! ,io3 by ,orpheus#ec too ,greek3 magnosa1 & ,greek3 sid]its z ?\gh ( iron3 by ! ,lat9s magnes1 ,h]culeus2 by ! ,fr5* aimant#ed1 corruptly f adamant2 by ! ,spani>ds pi$ramant3 by ! ,italians calamita#ee2 by ! ,engli% ,,load/one & ,,adamant ,,/one#ef1 by ! ,g]mans magness#eg & siegel/e93 ,among ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,spani>ds x has its common "n f adamant2 p]haps because !y 7 at "o "t misl$ by ! "n sid]itis be+ common to bo?3 ! magnet is call$ ,greek3 sid]its f its virtue ( attract+ iron3 ! adamant is call$ ,greek3 sid]its f ! brilliancy ( poli%$ iron4 ,ari/otle designates x m]ely by ! "n ( ! /one3#eh ,greek3 ,eoike de kai ?als ex hn apomnmoneu\si1 k9tikon ti tn psu*n hupolabe91 eip] ton li?on eph psu*n e*e91 hoti ton sidron k9ei3 ,de ,anima1 ,lib4 ,i4 ,! "n ( magnet is also appli$ to ano!r /one diff]+ f sid]ite1 hav+ ! appe>ance ( silv]2 x is l ,amian? 9 its nature2 & s9ce x consi/s ( lam9 7l specul> /one7#ei1 x diff]s 9 =m3 9 ,g]man ,katz5silb] & ,talke#fj4 99 99 99 99 99 #ab ,,*ap4 ,,iii4 ,! ,load/one has p>ts di/9ct 9 _! natural p[]1 poles conspicu\s = _! prop]ty4 ,! /one itself manife/s _m qualities :i*1 ?\gh kn[n a=e ?is1 yet1 n hav+ be5 well inve/igat$1 are to be briefly indicat$ 9 ! fir/ place s t /ud5ts may und]/& ! p[]s ( load/one & iron1 & n be tr\bl$ at ! outset ?r\gh ignorance ( reason+s & pro(s4 ,9 ! heav5 a/ronom]s assign a pair ( poles = ea* mov+ sph]e3 s also d we f9d 9 ! t]re/rial globe natural poles preem95t 9 virtue1 be+ ! po9ts t rema9 con/ant 9 _! position 9 respect to ! diurnal rotation1 "o t5d+ to ! ,be>s & ! sev5 />s2 ! o!r to ! opposite qu>t] ( ! heav54 ,9 l mann] ! load/one has its poles1 by nature nor!rn & s\!rn1 be+ def9ite & det]m9$ po9ts set 9 ! /one1 ! prim>y b\nd>ies ( motions & effects1 ! limits & gov]nors ( ! _m actions & virtues4 ,h[ev]1 x mu/ be und]/ood t ! /r5g? ( ! /one does n emanate f a ma!matical po9t1 b f ! p>ts !mselves1 & t :ile all ^? p>ts 9 ! :ole belong to ! :ole1 ! ne>] !y are to ! poles ( ! /one ! /rong] are ! =ces !y acquire & %$ into o!r bodies3 ^! poles are obs]vant ( ! e>?'s poles1 move t[>d !m1 & wait ^u !m4 ,magnetick poles c be f\nd 9 e magnet1 9 ! p[]ful & mighty 7:i* ,antiquity us$ to call ! mascul9e7 z well z 9 ! weak1 feeble & fem99e2 :e!r its figure is due to art or to *ance1 :e!r long1 flat1 squ>e1 ?ree-corn]$1 poli%$2 :e!r r\gh1 brok51 or unpoli%$2 always ! load/one conta9s & %[s its poles4 99 ,b s9ce ! sph]ical =m1 :i* is also ! mo/ p]fect1 agrees be/ ) ! e>?1 be+ a globe1 & is mo/ suitable = use & exp]im5t1 we accord+ly wi% our pr9cipal demon/rations by ! /one to be made ) a globe-%ap$ magnet z be+ m p]fect & adapt$ = ! purpose4 ,take1 !n1 a p[]ful load/one1 solid1 ( a j size1 uni=m1 h>d1 )\t flaw#fa2 make ( x a globe ^u ! turn+ tool us$ = r\nd+ cry/als & "s o!r /ones1 or ) o!r tools z ! mat]ial & firmness ( ! /one requires1 = sometimes x is difficult to be work$4 ,! /one ?us p]p>$ is a true1 homog5e\s (fspr+ ( ! e>? & ( ! same %ape ) x3 artificially possess$ ( ! orbicul> =m :i* nature grant$ f ! beg9n+ to ! common "m e>?3 & x is a physical corpuscle imbu$ ) _m virtues1 by #ac means ( :i* _m ab/ruse & neglect$ tru?s 9 philosophy buri$ 9 pite\s d>kness may m readily become kn[n to m54 ,?is r\nd /one is call$ by u a ,greek3 mikrog or ,t]rella#fb4 ,to f9d1 !n1 ! poles con=mable to ! e>?'s1 take ! r\nd /one 9 h&1 & place ^u ! /one a ne$le or wire ( iron3 ! ends ( ! iron move ^u _! own c5tre & sudd5ly /& /ill4 ,m>k ! /one ) o*re or ) *alk :]e ! wire lies & /icks3 move ! middle or c5tre ( ! wire to ano!r place1 & s on to a ?ird & a f\r?1 always m>k+ on ! /one along ! l5g? ( ! iron :]e x rema9s at re/3 ^? l9es %[ ! m]idian circles1 or ! circles l m]idians on ! /one1 or t]rella1 all ( :i* meet z w be manife/ at ! poles ( ! /one4 ,by ! circles ?us cont9u$ ! poles are made out1 ! ,boreal z well z ! s\!rn1 & 9 ! middle space betwixt ^! a great circle may be drawn = an quator1 j z ,a/ronom]s describe !m 9 ! heav5s & on _! own globes1 or z ,geograph]s d on ! t]re/rial globe3 = t l9e s drawn on ?is our t]rella is ( v>i\s uses 9 our demon/rations & exp]im5ts magnetical4 ,poles are also f\nd 9 a r\nd /one by a v]sorium1 a piece ( iron t\*$ ) a load/one1 & plac$ ^u a ne$le or po9t firmly fix$ on a foot s z to turn freely ab\t 9 ! foll[+ way3#fc ,illu/ration ,on ! /one ,a ,b ! v]sorium is plac$ 9 su* a way t ! v]sorium may rema9 9 equilibrium3 y w m>k ) *alk ! c\rse ( ! iron :5 at re/3 ,move ! in/rum5t to ano!r spot1 & aga9 make note ( ! direction & aspect3 d ! same ?+ 9 sev]al places1 & f ! concurr5ce ( ! l9es ( direction y w f9d "o pole at ! po9t ,a1 ! o!r at ,b4 ,a v]sorium plac$ ne> ! /one also indicates ! true pole2 :5 at "r angles x eag]ly beholds ! /one & seeks ! pole itself directly1 & is turn$ 9 a /raight l9e ?r\gh ! axis to ! #ad c5tre ( ! /one4 ,= in/ance1 ! v]sorium ,d faces t[>d ,a & ,f1 ! pole & c5tre1 :]eas ,e does n exactly respect 99 ei!r ! pole ,a or ! c5tre ,f#fd4 ,a bit ( r f9e iron wire1 ( ! l5g? ( a b>ley-corn1 is plac$ on ! /one1 & is mov$ ov] ! regions & surface ( ! /one1 until x rises to ! p]p5dicul>#fe3 = x /&s erect at ! actual pole1 :e!r ,boreal or au/ral2 ! fur!r f ! pole1 ! m x incl9es f ! v]tical4 ,! poles ?us f\nd y %all m>k ) a %>p file or gimlet4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,iiii4 ,:i* pole ( ! /one is ! ,boreal3 h[ x is di/+ui%$ f ! au/ral4 ,"o pole ( ! e>? turns t[>d ! con/ellation ( ! ,cynosure1 & con/antly reg>ds a fix$ po9t 9 ! heav5 7except s f> z x *anges by ! fix$ />s be+ %ift$ 9 longitude1 :i* motion we recognize z exi/+ 9 ! e>?1 z we %all h]eaft] prove73 ,:ile ! o!r pole turns to ! opposite face ( heav51 unkn[n to ! anci5ts1 n[ visible on long voyages1 & adorn$ ) multitud9\s />s3 ,9 ! same way ! load/one has ! prop]ty & p[] ( direct+ itself ,nor? & ,s\? 7! e>? h]self cons5t+ & contribut+ =ce !reto7 accord+ to ! con=mation ( nature1 :i* arranges ! movem5ts ( ! /one t[>ds its native situation4 ,:i* ?+ is prov$ ?us3 ,place a magnetick /one 7aft] f9d+ ! poles7 9 a r\nd wood5 vessel1 a ,b[l or di%1 at ! same "t place x toge!r ) ! vessel 7l a sailor 9 a skiff7 ^u wat] 9 "s l>ge vessel or ci/]n1 s t x may be able to float freely 9 ! middle1 nor t\* ! edge ( x1 & :]e ! air is n di/urb$ by w9ds1 :i* w\ld ?w>t ! natural movem5t ( ! /one4 ,h]eupon ! /one plac$ z x 7 9 a %ip1 9 ! middle ( ! surface ( ! /ill & unruffl$ wat]1 w at once put itself 9 motion along ) ! vessel t c>ries x1 & revolve circul>ly1 until its au/ral pole po9ts to ! nor?1 & its boreal pole to ! s\?4 ,= x rev]ts f ! contr>y position to ! poles3 & al?\gh by ! fir/ too-vehem5t impulse x ov]-passes ! poles2 yet aft] return+ aga9 & aga91 x re/s at l5g? at ! poles1 or at ! m]idian 7unless because ( local reasons x is div]t$ "s little f ^? po9ts1 or f ! m]idional l9e1 by "s sort ( v>iation#ff1 ! cause ( :i* we w h]eaft] /ate74 ,h[ev] (t5 y move x away f its place1 s (t5 by virtue ( nature's noble d[] does x seek aga9 ^? sure & #ae det]m9$ goals2 & ?is is s1 n only if ! poles h be5 dispos$ 9 ! vessel ev5ly ) ! plane ( ! horizon1 b also 9 ! case ( "o pole1 :e!r au/ral or boreal1 be+ rais$ 9 ! vessel t51 or tw5ty1 or ?irty1 or fifty or eighty degrees1 above 99 ! plane ( ! horizon1 or l[]$ b5ea? x3 ,/ill y %all see ! boreal "p ( ! /one seek ! s\?1 & ! au/ral "p seek ! nor?2 ,s mu* s t if ! pole ( ! /one %all be only "o degree di/ant f ! ,z5i? & highe/ po9t ( ! heav51 9 ! case ( a sph]ical /one1 ! :ole /one revolves until ! pole occupies its own site2 ?\gh n 9 ! absolutely direct l9e1 x w yet t5d t[>d ^? p>ts1 & come to re/ 9 ! m]idian ( ! directive action4 ,) a l impulse too x is borne if ! au/ral pole h be5 rais$ t[>d ! upp] qu>t]s1 ! same z if ! ,boreal _h be5 exalt$ above ! ,horizon4 ,b x is always to be not$ t1 ?\gh !re are v>i\s k9ds ( unlik5ess 9 ! /ones1 & "o load/one may f> surpass ano!r 9 virtue & effici5cy2 yet all hold to ! same limits1 & are borne t[>d ! same po9ts4 ,fur!r x is to be rememb]$ 99 t all :o be=e our "t wrote ( ! poles ( ! /one1 & all ! craftsm5 & navigators1 h be5 v greatly 9 error 9 consid]+ ! "p ( ! /one :i* t5d$ to ! nor? z ! nor? pole ( ! /one1 & t :i* v]g$ t[>d ! s\?1 ! s\? pole1 :i* we %all h]eaft] prove to be false4 ,s badly hi!rto ha? ! :ole magnetick philosophy be5 cultivat$1 ev5 z to its f\ndation pr9ciples4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,v4 ,load/one seems to attract ,load/one :5 9 natural position3 b repels x :5 9 a contr>y "o1 & br+s x back to ord]4 ,fir/ ( all we mu/ decl>e1 9 famili> language1 :at are ! app>5t & common virtues ( ! /one2 aft]w>d num]\s subtilities1 hi!rto ab/ruse & unkn[n1 hidd5 9 obscurity1 are to be laid op51 & ! causes ( all ^! 7by ! unlock+ ( nature's secrets7 made evid5t1 9 _! place1 by fitt+ t]ms & devices4 ,x is trite & commonplace t load/one draws iron2 9 ! same way too does load/one attract load/one4 ,place ! /one :i* y h se5 to h poles cle>ly di/+ui%$1 & m>k$ au/ral & boreal1 9 its vessel s z to float2 & let ! poles be rightly arrang$ ) respect to ! plane ( ! horizon1 or1 at any rate n mu* rais$ or awry3 hold 9 y\r h& ano!r /one ! poles ( :i* are also kn[n2 9 #af su* a way t its au/ral pole may be t[>d ! boreal pole ( ! "o t is swimm+1 & ne> x1 sideways3 = ! float+ /one =?) foll[s ! o!r /one 7provid$ x be )9 its =ce & dom9ion7 & does n leave (f nor =sake x until x adhres2 unless by )draw+ y\r h&1 y cauti\sly avoid contact4 ,9 l mann] if y set ! boreal pole ( ! "o y hold 9 y\r h& opposite ! au/ral pole ( ! swimm+ /one1 !y ru% toge!r & foll[ ea* o!r 9 turn4 ,= contr>y poles allure contr>y4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y apply 9 ! same way ! nor!rn to ! nor!rn1 & ! au/ral to ! au/ral pole1 ! "o /one puts ! o!r to flight1 & x turns aside z ?\gh a pilot 7 pull+ at ! helm & x makes sail 9 ! opposite w>d z "o t pl\ghs ! sea1 & nei!r /&s any:]e1 nor halts1 if ! o!r is 9 pursuit4 ,= /one dispose? /one2 ! "o turns ! o!r ar\nd1 r$uces x to range1 & br+s x back to h>mony ) itself4 ,:51 h[ev]1 !y come toge!r & are conjo9$ accord+ to ! ord] ( nature1 !y cohre firmly mutually4 ,= in/ance1 if y 7 to set ! boreal pole ( t /one :i* is 9 y\r h& be=e ! tropic ( ,capricorn ( a r\nd float+ load/one 7= x w be well to m>k out on ! r\nd /one1 t is ! t]rella1 ! ma!matical circles z we d on a globe itself71 or be=e any po9t betwe5 ! quator & ! au/ral pole2 at once ! swimm+ /one revolves1 & s arranges itself t its au/ral pole t\*es ! o!r's boreal pole1 & =ms a close union ) x4 ,9 ! same way1 aga91 at ! o!r side ( ! quator1 ) ! opposite poles1 y may produce simil> results2 & ?us by ?is art & subtilty we exhibit attraction1 repulsion1 & circul> motion = atta9+ a position ( agreem5t & = decl9+ ho/ile enc\nt]s4 ,moreov] 'tis 9 "o & ! same /one t we are ?us able to demon/rate all ^! ?+s & also h[ ! same "p ( "o /one may on division become ei!r boreal or au/ral4 ,let ,a ,d be an oblong /one1 9 :i* ,a is ! nor!rn1 ,d ! s\!rn pole2 cut ?is into two equal p>ts1 !n set "p ,a 9 its vessel on ! wat]#fg1 s z to float4 ,illu/ration #ag ,& y w !n see#fh t ,a ! nor!rn po9t w turn to ! s\?1 z be=e2 9 l mann] also ! po9t ,d w move to ! nor?1 9 ! divid$ /one1 z 9 ! :ole "o4 ,:]eas1 ( ! p>ts ,b & ,c1 :i* 7 be=e cont9u\s1 & are n[ divid$1 ! "o is s\!rn ,b1 ! o!r nor!rn ,c4 ,b draws ,c1 desir\s to be unit$1 & to be br\ght back into its pri/9e cont9uity3 = ^! :i* are n[ two /ones 7 =m$ out ( "o3 & = ?is cause ,c ( ! "o turn+ itself to ,b ( ! o!r1 !y mutually attract ea* o!r1 & :5 fre$ f ob/acles & reliev$ ( _! own weight1 z ^u ! surface ( wat]1 !y run toge!r & are conjo9$4 ,b if y direct ! "p or po9t ,a to ,c 9 ! o!r /one1 ! "o repels or turns away f ! o!r3 = s 7 nature p]v]t$1 & ! =m ( ! /one p]turb$1 a =m t /rictly keeps ! laws :i* x impos$ ^u bodies3 h5ce1 :5 all is n rightly ord]$ accord+ to nature1 comes ! flight ( "o f ! o!r's p]v]se position & f ! discord1 = nature does n all[ ( an unju/ & inequitable peace1 or compromise3 b wages w> & ex]ts =ce to make bodies acquiesce well & ju/ly4 ,rightly arrang$1 !re=e1 ^! mutually attract ea* o!r2 t is1 bo? /ones1 ! /rong] z well z ! weak]1 run toge!r1 & ) _! :ole =ces t5d to unity1 a fact t is evid5t 9 all magnets1 n 9 ! ?iopian only1 z ,pl9y suppos$4 ,! ?iopian magnets if !y be p[]ful1 l ^? br\ght f ,*9a1 because all /rong ones %[ ! effect m quickly & m pla9ly1 attract m /rongly 9 ! p>ts ne>e/ ! pole1 & turn ab\t until pole looks directly at pole4 ,! pole ( a /one m p]si/5tly attracts & m rapidly seizes ! correspond+ "p 7:i* !y t]m ! adv]se "p7 ( ano!r /one2 = in/ance1 ,nor? pulls ,s\?2 j s x also summons iron ) m vehem5ce1 & ! iron cleaves to x m firmly :e!r x h be5 previ\sly excit$ by ! magnet1 or is unt\*$4 ,= ?us1 n )\t reason ha? x be5 orda9$ by nature1 t ! p>ts ne>] to ! pole %\ld m firmly attract3 b t at ! pole itself %\ld be ! seat1 ! ?rone1 z x 71 ( a consummate & spl5did virtue1 to :i* magnetical bodies on be+ br\ght are m vehem5tly attract$1 & f :i* !y are ) utmo/ difficulty dislodg$4 ,s ! poles are ! p>ts :i* m p>ticul>ly spurn & ?ru/ away ?+s /range & ali5 p]v]sely set beside !m4 99 99 99 99 99 #ah ,,*ap4 ,,vi4 ,load/one attracts ! ore ( iron1 z well z iron prop]1 smelt$ & wr\ght4 ,pr9cipal & manife/ among ! virtues ( ! 99 magnet1 s mu* & s anci5tly comm5d$1 is ! attraction ( iron2 = ,plato /ates t ! magnet1 s nam$ by ,euripides1 allures iron1 & t x n only draws iron r+s b also indues ! r+s ) p[] to d ! same z ! /one2 to wit1 draw o!r r+s1 s t sometimes a long *a9 ( iron objects1 nails or r+s is =m$1 "s hang+ f o!rs4 ,! be/ iron 7l t :i* is call$ acies f its use1 or *alybs f ! c\ntry ( ! ,*alybes7 is be/ & /rongly drawn by a p[]ful load/one2 :]eas ! less good sort1 :i* is impure1 ru/y1 & n ?or\ghly purg$ f dross1 & n wr\ght 9 second furnaces1 is m feebly drawn2 & yet m weakly :5 cov]$ & defil$ ) ?ick1 greasy1 & sluggi% hum\rs4 ,x also draws ores ( iron1 ^? t are ri* & ( iron col\r2 ! poor] & n s productive ores x does n attract1 except !y be prep>$ ) "s art4 ,a load/one loses "s attractive virtue1 &1 z x 71 p9es away ) age1 if expos$ too long to ! op5 air in/ead ( be+ laid 9 a case ) fil+s or scales ( iron4 ,:5ce x %\ld be buri$ 9 su* mat]ials2 = !re is no?+ t pla9ly resi/s ?is exhau/less virtue :i* does n de/roy ! =m ( ! body1 or corrode x2 n ev5 if a ?\s& adamants 7 conjo9$4 ,nor d ,i consid] t !re is any su* ?+ z ! ,!am$es#fi1 or t x has a p[] opposite to t ( ! load/one4 ,al?\gh ,pl9y1 t em95t man & pr9ce ( compil]s 7= x is :at o!rs _h se5 & discov]$1 n always or ma9ly 8 own obs]vations1 t he has h&$ d[n to po/]ity7 has copi$ f o!rs ! fable n[ made famili> by repetition3 ,t 9 ,india !re are two m\nta9s ne> ! riv] ,indus2 ! nature ( "o be+ to hold fa/ all t is iron1 = x consi/s ( load/one2 ! o!r's nature be+ to repel x1 = x consi/s ( ! ,!am$es4 ,?us if "o _h iron nails 9 "o's boots1 "o c\ld n te> away "o's foot on ! "o m\nta91 nor /& /ill on ! o!r4 ,alb]tus ,magnus writes t a load/one _h be5 f\nd 9 8 day :i* ) "o "p drew to itself iron1 & repell$ x ) its o!r end2 b ,alb]tus obs]v$ ! facts badly2 = e load/one attracts ) "o end iron t has be5 t\*$ ) a load/one1 & drives x away ) ! o!r2 & draws iron t be5 t\*$ ) a load/one m p[]fully ?an iron t has n be5 s t\*$4 99 99 99 99 99 #ai ,,*ap4 ,,vii4 ,:at ,iron is1 & ( :at sub/ance1 & its uses4 ,= t n[ we h decl>$ ! orig9 & nature ( ! load/one1 we ?9k x necess>y fir/ to add a hi/ory ( iron & to indicate ! hi!rto unkn[n =ces ( iron1 be=e ?is our disc\rse goes on to ! explanation ( magnetick difficulties & demon/rations1 & to deal ) ! coitions & h>monies ( load/one ) iron4 ,iron is by all reckon$ 9 ! class ( metals1 & is a metal livid 9 col\r1 v h>d1 gl[s r$-hot be=e x melts1 be+ mo/ difficult ( fusion1 is beat5 out "u ! hamm]1 & is v resonant4 ,*emi/s say t if a b$ ( fix$ e>?y sulphur be comb9$ ) fix$ e>?y quicksilv]1 & ! two toge!r are nei!r pure :ite b ( a livid :it5ess1 if ! sulphur prevail1 iron is =m$4 ,= ^! /]n ma/]s ( metals :o by _m inv5tions twi/+ !m ab\t1 p\nd1 calc9e1 dissolve1 sublime1 & precipitate1 decide t ?is metal1 bo? on acc\nt ( ! e>?y sulphur & ( ! e>?y m]cury1 is m truly a son ( ! e>? ?an any o!r2 !y d n ev5 ?9k gold or silv]1 lead1 t91 or copp] itself s e>?y2 = t reason x is n smelt$ except 9 ! hotte/ furnaces1 ) bell[s2 & :5 ?us fus$1 on hav+ aga9 gr[n h>d x is n melt$ aga9 )\t heavy lab\r2 b its slag ) ! utmo/ difficulty4 ,x is ! h>de/ ( metals1 subdu+ & break+ all ?+s1 by reason ( ! /rong concretion ( ! m e>?y matt]4 ,:]e=e we %all bett] und]/& :at iron is1 :5 we %all decl>e :at are ! causes & sub/ance ( metals1 9 a diff]5t way f ^? :o be=e our "t h consid]$ !m4 ,ari/otle takes ! mat]ial ( ! metals to be vap\r4 ,! *emi/s 9 *orus pron\nce _! actual elem5ts to be sulphur & quicksilv]4 ,gilgil ,mauritanus gives x z a%es moi/5$ ) wat]4 ,georgius ,agricola makes x out to be wat] & e>? mix$2 nor1 to be sure1 is !re any diff]5ce betwe5 8 op9ion & ! position tak5 by ,mauritanus4 ,b ours is t metals arise & effloresce at ! summits ( ! e>?'s globe1 be+ di/+ui%$ ea* by its own =m1 l "s ( ! o!r sub/ances dug out ( x1 & all bodies ar\nd u4 ,! e>?'s globe does n consi/ ( a%es or in]t du/4 ,nor is fre% wat] an elem5t1 b a m simple consi/5cy ( evaporat$ fluids ( ! e>?4 ,unctu\s bodies1 fre% wat] devoid ( prop]ties1 quicksilv] & sulphur1 none ( ^! are pr9cipia ( metals3 ^! latt]1 #bj ?+s are ! results ( a diff]5t nature1 !y are nei!r con/ant nor antec$5t 9 ! c\rse ( ! g5]ation ( metals4 ,! e>? emits v>i\s hum\rs1 n begott5 ( wat] nor ( dry e>?1 nor f mixtures ( ^!1 b f ! sub/ance ( ! e>? itself3 ^! hum\rs are n di/+ui%$ by contr>y qualities or sub/ance1 nor is ! e>? a simple sub/ance1 z ! ,p]ipateticks dream4 ,! hum\rs proce$ f vap\rs sublimat$ f great dep?s2 all wat]s are extracts &1 z x 71 exudations f ! e>?4 ,rightly !n 9 "s measure does ,ari/otle make out ! matt] ( metals to be t exhalation :i* 9 cont9uance ?ick5s 9 ! lodes ( c]ta9 soils3 = ! vap\rs are cond5s$ 9 places :i* are less hot ?an ! spot :5ce !y issu$1 & by help ( ! nature ( ! soils & m\nta9s1 z 9 a womb1 !y are at fitt+ seasons congeal$ & *ang$ into metals3 b x is n !y alone :i* =m ores1 b !y fl[ into & ent] a m solid mat]ial1 & s =m metals4 ,s :5 ?is concret$ matt] has settl$ d[n 9 m temp]ate b$s1 x beg9s to take %ape 9 ^? tepid places1 j z se$ 9 ! w>m womb1 or z ! embryo acquires gr[?3 sometimes ! vap\r conjo9s ) suitable matt] alone3 h5ce "s metals are occasionally ?\gh r>ely dug up native1 & come into exi/5ce p]fect )\t smelt+3 b o!r vap\rs :i* are mix$ ) ali5 soils require smelt+ 9 ! way t ! ores ( all metals are treat$1 :i* are rid ( all _! dross by ! =ce ( fires1 & be+ fus$ fl[ out metallick1 & are sep>at$ f e>?y impurities b n f ! true sub/ance ( ! e>?4 ,b 9 s f> z t x becomes gold1 or silv]1 or copp]1 or any o!r ( ! exi/+ metals1 ?is does n happ5 f ! quantity or proportion ( mat]ial1 nor f any =ces ( matt]1 z ! ,*emi/s fondly imag9e2 b :5 ! b$s & region concur fitly ) ! mat]ial1 ! metals assume =ms f ! univ]sal nature by :i* !y are p]fect$2 9 ! same mann] z all ! o!r m9]als1 plants1 & animals :atev]3 o!rwise ! species ( metals w\ld be vague & undef9$1 :i* are ev5 n[ turn$ up 9 su* scanty numb]s t sc>ce t5 k9ds are kn[n4 ,:y1 h[ev]1 nature has be5 s /+y z reg>ds ! numb] ( metals1 or :y !re %\ld be z _m z are kn[n to man1 x is n easy to expla92 ?\gh ! simple-m9d$ & rav+ ,a/rolog]s ref] ! metals ea* to its own planet4 ,b !re is no agreem5t ( ! metals ) ! planets1 nor ( ! planets ) ! metals1 ei!r 9 numb]s or 9 prop]ties4 ,= :at connexion is !re ( iron ) ,m>s8 unless x be t f ! =m] num]\s in/rum5ts1 p>ticul>ly swords & eng9es ( w>1 are fa%ion$4 ,:at has copp] to d ) ,v5us8 or h[ does t91 or h[ does spelt] correspond ) ,jupit]8 ,!y %\ld r be d$icat$ to ,v5us4 ,b ?is is old wives' talk4 ,vap\r is !n a remote cause 9 ! g5]ation ( ! metals2 ! fluid cond5s$ f #ba vap\rs is a m proximate "o1 l ! blood & sem5 9 ! g5]ation ( animals4 ,b ^? vap\rs & juices f vap\rs pass = ! mo/ "p into bodies & *ange !m into m>casites & are c>ri$ into lodes 7= we h num]\s cases ( wood s transmut$71 ! fitt+ matrices ( bodies1 :]e !y are =m$ z metals4 ,!y ent] mo/ (t5 into ! tru] & m homog5eal sub/ance ( ! globe1 & 9 ! process ( "t a ve9 ( iron results2 load/one is also produc$1 :i* is n\ght else ?an a noble k9d ( iron ore3 & = ?is reason1 & on acc\nt ( its sub/ance be+ s+ul>1 ali5 f all o!r metals1 nature v r>ely1 if ev]1 mixes ) iron any o!r metal1 :ile ! o!r metals are v (t5 m9utely mix$1 & are produc$ toge!r4 ,n[ :5 t vap\r or ^? juices happ5 to meet1 9 fitt+ matrices1 ) effloresc5ces de=m$ f ! e>?'s homog5ic sub/ance1 & ) div]s precipitates 7! =ms work+ !reto71 ! rema9d] ( ! metals are g5]at$ 7a specifick nature affect+ ! prop]ties 9 t place74 ,= ! hidd5 primordial elem5ts ( metals & /ones lie conceal$ 9 ! e>?1 z ^? ( h]bs & plants d 9 its out] cru/4 ,= ! soil dug out ( a deep well1 :]e w\ld seem to be no suspicion ( a conception ( se$1 :5 plac$ on a v high t[]1 produces1 by ! incubation ( sun & sky1 gre5 h]bage & unbidd5 we$s2 & ^? ( ! k9d :i* gr[ spontane\sly 9 t region1 = ea* region produces its own h]bs & plants1 also its own metals4 #gj;,"h corn exults1 & !re ! grape is glad1 ,"h trees & grass unbidd5 v]dure add4 ,s m>k h[ ,tmolus yields 8 saffrone /ore1 ,b ivory is ! gift ( ,indian %ore2 ,) inc5se s(t ! s(t] ,%ebans deal2 ,! />k ,*alybeans' elem5t is /eel3 ,) acrid ca/or reek ! ,pontic w>es1 ,epirus w9s ! palm ( ,elian m>es4 ,b :at ! ,*emi/s 7z ,geb]1 & o!rs7 call fix$ e>?y sulphur 9 iron is no?+ else ?an ! homog5ic e>?-sub/ance concret$ by its own hum\r1 amalgamat$ ) a d\ble fluid3 a metallick hum\r is ins]t$ along ) a small quantity ( ! sub/ance ( ! e>? n devoid ( hum\r4 ,:]e=e ! common say+ t 9 gold !re is pure e>?1 b 9 iron mo/ly impure1 is wrong2 z ?\gh !re 7 inde$ su* a ?+ z natural e>?1 & t ! globe itself 7 7by "s unkn[n process ( ref9+7 depurate4 ,9 iron1 especially 9 ! be/ iron1 !re is e>? 9 its own nature true & g5u9e2 9 ! o!r metals !re is n s mu* e>? z t 9 place ( e>? & precipitates !re are consolidat$ & 7s to speak7 fix$ salts1 :i* are effloresc5ces ( ! globe1 & :i* diff] also greatly #bb 9 firmness & consi/5cy3 ,9 ! m9es _! =ce rises up along ) a tw(old hum\r f ! exhalations1 !y solidify 9 ! und]gr\nd spaces into metallic ve9s3 s too !y are also connate by virtue ( _! place & ( ! surr\nd+ bodies1 9 natural matrices1 & take on _! specific =ms4 ,( ! v>i\s con/itutions ( load/ones & _! div]se sub/ances1 col\rs1 & virtues1 m5tion has be5 made be=e3 b1 n[ hav+ /at$ ! cause & orig9 ( metals1 we h to exam9e f]rug9\s matt] n z x is 9 ! smelt$ metal1 b z t f :i* ! metal is ref9$4 ,quasi-pure iron is f\nd ( its prop] col\r & 9 its own lodes2 /ill1 n z x w pres5tly be1 nor z adapt$ = its v>i\s uses4 ,x is sometimes dug up cov]$ ) :ite silex or ) o!r /ones4 ,x is (t5 ! same 9 riv] s&1 z 9 ,noricum4 ,a ne>ly pure ore ( iron is n[ (t5 dug up 9 ,irel&1 :i* ! smi?s1 )\t ! lab\rs ( furnaces1 hamm] out 9 ! smi?y into iron implem5ts4 ,9 ,france iron is v commonly smelt$ out ( a liv]-col\r$ /one1 9 :i* are glitt]+ scales2 ! same k9d#ga )\t ! scales is f\nd 9 ,engl&1 :i* also !y use = craftsm5's ruddle#gb4 ,9 ,sussex 9 ,engl&#gc is a ri* dusky ore & also "o ( a pale a%5 hue1 bo? ( :i* on be+ dri$ = a "t1 or kept 9 mod]ate fires1 pres5tly acquire a liv]-col\r2 "h also is f\nd a dusky ore squ>e-%ap$ ) a black r9d ( great] h>dness4 ,an ore hav+ ! appe>ance ( liv] is (t5 v>i\sly int]m+l$ ) o!r /ones3 z also ) ! p]fect load/one :i* yields ! be/ ( iron4 ,!re is also a ru/y ore ( iron1 "o ( a lead5 hue t5d+ to black1 "o q black1 or black mix$ ) true cobalt3 !re is ano!r sort mix$ ei!r ) pyrites1 or ) /]ile plumbago4 ,"o k9d is also l jet1 ano!r l blood/one4 ,! em]y us$ by arm\r]s1 & by glazi]s = glass-cutt+1 call$ among/ ! ,engli% ,em]el/one1 by ! ,g]mans ,sme>gel1 is f]rug9\s2 albeit iron is extract$ f x ) difficulty1 yet x attracts ! v]sorium4 ,x is n[ & !n f\nd 9 deep iron & silv] digg+s4 ,?omas ,era/us says he _h he>d f a c]ta9 le>n$ man ( iron ores1 ( ! col\r ( iron1 b q s(t & fatty1 :i* c be smoo!d ) ! f+]s l butt]1 out ( :i* excell5t iron c be smelt$3 some:at ! same we h se5 f\nd 9 ,engl&1 hav+ ! aspect ( ,spani% soap4 ,besides ! numb]less k9ds ( /ony ores1 iron is extract$ f clay1 f clayey e>?1 f o*re1 f a ru/y matt] deposit$ f *alybeate wat]s2 ,9 ,engl& iron is copi\sly extract$ 9 furnaces (t5 f s&y & clayey /ones :i* appe> to conta9 iron n m ?an s&1 m>l1 or any o!r clay soils conta9 x4 ,?us 9 ,ari/otle's book ,de ,mirabilibus ,auscultationibus#gd1 ,!re is said 7he /ates7 to be a peculi> =mation ( ,*alybean & ,mis5ian iron1 = in/ance ! sort collect$ f riv] gravel2 "s say #bc t aft] be+ simply wa%$ x is smelt$ 9 ! furnace2 o!rs decl>e t x & ! s$im5t :i* subsides aft] sev]al wa%+s are ca/ 9 & purifi$ toge!r by ! fire2 ) ! addition ( ! /one pyrima*us :i* is f\nd !re 9 abundance4 ,?us d num]\s sorts ( ?+s conta9 9 _! v>i\s sub/ances notably & abundantly ?is elem5t ( iron & e>?4 ,h[ev]1 !re are _m /ones1 & v common ones1 f\nd 9 e soil1 also e>?s1 & v>i\s & mix$ mat]ials1 :i* d n hold ri* sub/ances1 b yet h _! own iron elem5ts1 & yield !m to skilfully-made fires1 yet :i* are left aside by metallick m5 because !y are less pr(itable2 :ile o!r soils give "s %[ ( a f]rug9\s nature1 yet 7be+ v b>r57 are h>dly ev] smelt$ d[n into iron2 & be+ neglect$ are n g5]ally kn[n4 ,manufactur$ irons diff] v greatly among/ !mselves4 ,= "o k9d is t5aci\s 9 its nature1 & ?is is ! be/2 "o is ( m$ium quality3 ano!r is brittle1 & ?is is ! wor/4 ,sometimes ! iron1 by reason ( ! excell5cy ( ! ore1 is wr\ght into /eel1 z to-day 9 ,noricum4 ,f ! f9e/ iron1 too1 well wr\ght & purg$ f all dross1 or by be+ plung$ 9 wat] aft] heat+1 !re issues :at ! ,greeks call ,greek3 /omma2 ! ,lat9s acies2 o!rs aci>ium1 su* z 0 at times call$ ,syrian1 ,p>?ian1 ,noric1 ,comese1 ,spani%2 else:]e x is nam$ f ! wat] 9 :i* x is s (t5 plung$1 z at ,como 9 ,italy#ge1 ,bambola & ,t>azona 9 ,spa94 ,acies fet*es a mu* l>g] price ?an m]e iron4 ,& ow+ to its sup]iority x bett] accords ) ! load/one1 f :i* m p[]ful quality x is (t5 smelt$1 & x acquires ! virtues f x m quickly1 reta9s !m long] at _! full1 & 9 ! be/ condition = magnetical exp]im5ts4 ,aft] iron has be5 smelt$ 9 ! fir/ furnaces1 x is aft]w>d wr\ght by v>i\s arts 9 l>ge work/eads or mills1 ! metal acquir+ consi/5cy :5 hamm]$ ) pond]\s bl[s1 & ?r[+ (f ! dross4 ,aft] ! fir/ smelt+ x is r brittle & by no means p]fect4 ,:]e=e ) u 7,engli%7 :5 ! l>g] milit>y guns are ca/1 !y purify ! metal f dross m fully1 s t !y may be /rong] to )/& ! =ce ( ! fir+2 & !y d ?is by mak+ x pass aga9 79 a fluid /ate7 ?r\gh a *9k1 by :i* process x %$s its recrem5tal matt]4 ,smi?s r5d] iron %eets t\gh] ) c]ta9 liquids1 & by bl[s ( ! hamm]1 & f !m make %ields & brea/plates t defy ! bl[s ( battle-axes4 ,iron becomes h>d] ?r\gh skill & prop] temp]+1 b also by skill turns out 9 a s(t] condition & z pliable z lead4 ,x is made h>d by ! action ( c]ta9 wat]s into :i* :ile gl[+ x is plung$1 z at ,bambola & ,t>azona 9 ,spa93 ,x gr[s s(t aga91 ei!r by ! effect ( fire alone1 :5 )\t hamm]+ & )\t wat]1 x is left to cool by itself2 or by t ( grease into :i* x is plung$2 or #bd 7t x may ! bett] s]ve = v>i\s trades7 x is temp]$ v>i\sly by be+ skilfully besme>$4 ,bapti/a ,porta exp\nds ?is art 9 book #ac ( 8 ,magia ,naturalis4 ,?us ?is f]ric & telluric nature is includ$ & tak5 up 9 v>i\s bodies ( /ones1 ores1 & e>?s2 s too x diff]s 9 aspect1 9 =m1 & 9 effici5cy4 ,art smelts x by v>i\s processes1 improves x1 & turns x1 above all mat]ial sub/ances1 to ! s]vice ( man 9 trades & appliances )\t end4 ,"o k9d ( iron is adapt$ = brea/plates1 ano!r s]ves z a def5ce aga9/ %ot1 ano!r protects aga9/ swords & curv$ blades 7commonly call$ scimit>s71 ano!r is us$ = mak+ swords1 ano!r = horse%oes4 ,f iron are made nails1 h+es1 bolts1 saws1 keys1 grids1 doors1 fold+-doors1 spades1 rods1 pit*=ks1 hooks1 b>bs1 trid5ts1 pots1 tripods1 anvils1 hamm]s1 w$ges1 *a9s1 h&-cuffs1 fett]s1 hoes1 mattocks1 sickles1 baskets1 %ovels1 h>r[s1 planes1 rakes1 pl\gh%>es1 =ks1 pans1 di%es1 ladles1 spoons1 spits1 knives1 dagg]s1 swords1 axes1 d>ts1 javel9s1 lances1 spe>s1 an*ors1 & mu* %ip's ge>4 ,besides ^!1 balls1 d>ts1 pikes1 brea/plates1 helmets1 cuirasses1 horse%oes1 greaves1 wire1 /r+s ( musical in/rum5ts1 *airs1 portcullises1 b[s1 catapults1 & 7pe/s ( human k9d7 cannon1 muskets1 & cannon-balls1 ) endless in/rum5ts unkn[n to ! ,lat9s3 :i* ?+s ,i h rehe>s$ 9 ord] t x may be und]/ood h[ great is ! use ( iron1 :i* surpasses a hundr$ times t ( all ! o!r metals2 & is day by day be+ wr\ght by metal-work]s ^: /i?ies are f\nd 9 almo/ e village4 ,= ?is is ! =emo/ ( metals1 subs]v+ _m & ! greate/ ne$s ( man1 & ab\nds 9 ! e>? above all o!r metals1 & is pr$om9ant4 ,:]e=e ^? ,*emi/s are fools#gf :o ?9k t nature's w is to p]fect all metals into gold2 %e might z well be mak+ ready to *ange all /ones to diamonds1 s9ce diamond surpasses all 9 spl5d\r & h>dness1 because gold excels 9 spl5d\r1 gravity1 & d5sity1 be+ inv9cible aga9/ all det]ioration4 ,iron z dug up is !re=e1 l iron t has be5 smelt$1 a metal1 diff]+ a little inde$ f ! prim>y homog5ic t]re/rial body1 ow+ to ! metallick hum\r x has imbib$2 yet n s ali5 z t x w n1 aft] ! mann] ( ref9$ matt]1 admit l>gely ( ! magnetick =ces1 & may be associat$ ) t prepot5t =m belong+ to ! e>?1 & yield to x a due submission4 99 99 99 99 99 #be ,,*ap4 ,,viii4 ,9 :at c\ntries & di/ricts iron orig9ates4 ,pl5ty ( iron m9es exi/ ev]y:]e1 bo? ^? ( old "t record$ 9 e>ly ages by ! mo/ anci5t writ]s1 & ! new & mod]n ones4 ,! e>lie/ & mo/ important seem to me to be ^? ( ,asia4 ,= 9 ^? c\ntries :i* ab\nd naturally 9 iron1 gov]nm5ts & ! arts fl\ri%$ exce$+ly1 & ?+s ne$ful = ! use ( man 7 discov]$ & s\ght aft]4 ,x is record$ to h be5 f\nd ab\t ,&ria1 9 ! region ( ! ,*alybes ne> ! riv] ,!rmodon 9 ,pontus2 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,pale/9e :i* face ,arabia2 9 ,c>mania3 9 ,africa !re 0 a m9e ( iron 9 ! ,isle ( ,m]oe2 9 ,europe 9 ! hills ( ,brita91 z ,/rabo writes2 9 ,hi!r ,spa91 9 ,cantabria4 ,among ! ,petrocorii & ,cubi ,biturges#gg 7peoples ( ,gaul71 !re 7 work/eads 9 :i* iron us$ to be wr\ght4 ,9 great] ,g]many ne> ,luna1 z record$ by ,ptolemy2 ,go?9ian iron is m5tion$ by ,cornelius ,tacitus2 ,noric iron is celebrat$ 9 ! v]ses ( poets2 & ,cretan1 & t ( ,euboea2 _m o!r iron m9es 7 pass$ ov] by ^! writ]s or unkn[n to !m2 & yet !y 7 nei!r poor nor scanty1 b mo/ ext5sive4 ,pl9y#gh says t ,hi!r ,spa9 & all ! di/rict f ! ,pyr5ees is f]rug9\s1 & on ! "p ( m>itime ,cantabria wa%$ by ! ,ocean 7says ! same writ]7 !re is 7incr$ible to relate7 a precipit\sly high m\nta9 :olly compos$ ( ?is mat]ial4 ,! mo/ anci5t m9es 7 ( iron r ?an ( gold1 silv]1 copp] or lead2 s9ce ma9ly ?is 0 s\ght because ( ! dem&2 & also because 9 e di/rict & soil !y 7 easy to f9d1 n s deep-ly+1 & less beset by difficulties4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ,i 7 to enum]ate mod]n iron work+s1 & ^? ( ?is age & ov] ,europe only1 ,i %\ld h to write a l>ge & bulky volume1 & %eets ( pap] w\ld run %ort quick] ?an ! iron1 & yet = "o %eet !y c\ld furni% a ?\s& work/eads4 ,= among/ m9]als1 no mat]ial is s ample2 all metals1 & all /ones di/9ct f iron1 are outdone by f]ric & f]rug9\s matt]4 ,= y w n readily f9d any region1 & sc>cely any c\ntry di/rict ov] ! :ole ( ,europe 7if y se>* at all deeply71 t does n ei!r produce a ri* & abundant ve9 ( iron or "s soil conta9+ or slightly *>g$ ) f]rug9\s /uff2 & t ?is is #bf true any exp]t 9 ! arts ( metals & *emi/ry w easily f9d4 ,beside t :i* has f]rug9\s nature1 & ! metallick lode1 !re is ano!r f]ric sub/ance :i* does n yield ! metal 9 ?is way because its ?9 hum\r is burnt out by fi]ce fires1 & x is *ang$ into an iron slag l t :i* is sep>at$ f ! metal 9 ! fir/ furnaces4 ,& ( ?is k9d is all clay & argillace\s e>?1 su* z t :i* app>5tly =ms a l>ge "p ( ! :ole ( our isl& ( ,brita93 all ( :i*1 if subject$ v vehem5tly to int5se heat1 exhibits a f]ric & metallick body1 or passes into f]ric vitre\s matt]1 z c be easily se5 9 build+s 9 bricks bak$ f clay1 :i*1 :5 plac$ next ! fires 9 ! op5 kilns 7:i* our folk call clamps7#gi & burn$1 pres5t an iron vitrification1 black at ! o!r end4 ,moreov] all ^? e>?s z prep>$ are drawn by ! magnet1 & l iron are attract$ by x4 ,s p]petual & ample is ! iron (fspr+ ( ! t]re/rial globe4 ,georgius ,agricola says t almo/ all m\nta9\s regions are full ( its ores1 :ile z we "k a ri* iron lode is frequ5tly dug 9 ! op5 c\ntry & pla9s ov] ne>ly ! :ole ( ,engl& & ,irel&2 9 no o!r wise ?an z1 says he1 iron is dug out ( ! mead[s at ! t[n ( ,saga 9 pits driv5 to a two-foot dep?4 ,nor are ! ,we/ ,indies )\t _! iron lodes1 z writ]s tell u2 b ! ,spani>ds1 int5t ^u gold1 neglect ! toilsome "w ( iron-f\nd+1 & d n se>* = lodes & m9es ab\nd+ 9 iron4 ,x is probable t nature & ! globe ( ! e>? are n able to hide1 & are ev]more br++ to ! light ( day1 a great mass ( inborn matt]1 & are n inv>iably ob/ruct$ by ! settl+ ( mixtures & effloresc5ces at ! e>?'s surface4 ,x is n only 9 ! common "m 7! t]re/rial globe7 t iron is produc$1 b sometimes also 9 ! air f ! e>?'s exhalations1 9 ! highe/ cl\ds4 ,x ra9$ iron 9 ,lucania1 ! ye> 9 :i* ,m4 ,crassus 0 sla94 ,! tale is told1 too1 t a mass ( iron1 l slag1 fell f ! air 9 ! ,ne?orian =e/1 ne> ,gr9a1 & !y n>rate t ! mass 0 _m p\nds 9 weight2 s t x c\ld nei!r be convey$ to t place1 on acc\nt ( its weight1 nor be br\ght away by c>t1 ! place be+ )\t roads4 ,?is happ5$ be=e ! civil w> wag$ betwe5 ! rival dukes 9 ,saxony4 ,a simil> /ory1 too1 comes to u f ,avic5na4 ,x once ra9$ iron 9 ! ,tor9ese#hj1 9 v>i\s places 7,julius ,scalig] tell+ u t he _h a piece ( x 9 8 h\se71 ab\t ?ree ye>s be=e t prov9ce 0 tak5 ov] by ! k+4 ,9 ! ye> #aeaj 9 ! c\ntry bord]+ on ! riv] ,abdua 7z ,c>dan writes#ha 9 8 book ,de ,r]um ,v>ietate7 !re fell f ! sky #abjj /ones1 "o weigh+ #abj p\nds1 ano!r #cj or #dj p\nds1 ( a ru/y iron col\r & rem>kably h>d4 ,^! occurr5ces be+ r>e are reg>d$ z port5ts1 l ! %[]s ( e>? & /ones m5tion$ 9 ,roman hi/ory4 ,b t x ev] ra9$ o!r metals is n #bg record$2 = x has nev] be5 kn[n to ra9 f ! sky gold1 silv]1 lead1 t91 or spelt]#hb4 ,copp]1 h[ev]1 has be5 at "s "t notic$ to fall f ! sky1 & ?is is n v unlike iron2 & 9 fact cl\d-born iron ( ?is sort1 or copp]1 are se5 to be imp]fectly metallick1 incapable ( be+ ca/ 9 any way1 or wr\ght ) facility4 ,= ! e>? ha? ( h] /ore pl5ty ( iron 9 h] highl&s1 & ! globe conta9s ! f]ric & magnetick elem5t 9 ri* abundance4 ,! exhalations =cibly d]iv$ f su* mat]ial may well become concret$ 9 ! upp] air by ! help ( m p[]ful causes1 & h5ce "s mon/r\s prog5y ( iron be begott54 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,ix4 ,iron ore attracts iron ore4 ,f v>i\s sub/ances iron 7l all ! re/ ( ! 99 metals7 is extract$3 su* sub/ances be+ /ones1 e>?1 & simil> concretions :i* m9]s call ve9s because x is 9 ve9s#hc1 z x 71 t !y are g5]at$4 ,we h spok5 above ( ! v>iety ( ^! ve9s4 ,if a prop]ly col\r$ ore ( iron & a ri* "o 7z m9]s call x7 is plac$1 z soon z m9$1 ^u wat] 9 a b[l or any small vessel 7z we h %[n be=e 9 ! case ( a load/one71 x is attract$ by a simil> piece ( ore br\ght ne> by h&1 yet n s p[]fully & quickly z "o load/one is drawn by ano!r load/one1 b sl[ly & feebly4 ,ores ( iron t are /ony1 c9d]y1 dusky1 r$1 & sev]al m ( o!r col\rs1 d n attract "o ano!r mutually1 nor are !y attract$ by ! load/one itself1 ev5 by a /rong "o1 no m ?an wood1 or lead1 silv]1 or gold4 ,take ^? ores & burn1 or r roa/ !m1 9 a mod]ate fire1 s t !y are n sudd5ly split up1 or fly asund]1 keep+ up ! fire t5 or twelve h\rs1 & g5tly increas+ x1 !n let !m gr[ cold1 skill be+ %[n 9 ! direction 9 :i* !y are plac$3 ,^! ores ?us prep>$ a load/one w n[ draw1 & !y n[ %[ a mutual sympa?y1 & :5 skilfully arrang$ run toge!r by _! own =ces4 99 99 99 99 99 #bh ,,*ap4 ,x4 99 ,iron ore has poles1 & acquires !m1 & settles itself t[>d ! poles ( ! univ]se4 ,deplorable is man's ignorance 9 natural sci5ce1 & mod]n philosoph]s1 l ^? :o dream 9 d>kness1 ne$ to be ar\s$1 & taught ! uses ( ?+s & h[ to deal ) !m1 & to be induc$ to leave ! le>n+ s\ght at leisure f books alone1 & t is support$ only by unrealities ( argum5ts & by conjectures4 ,= ! k ( iron 7?an :i* no?+ is 9 m common use71 & t ( _m m sub/ances ar\nd u1 rema9s unle>n$2 iron1 a ri* ore ( :i*1 plac$ 9 a vessel ^u wat]1 by an innate prop]ty ( its own directs itself1 j l ! load/one1 ,nor? & ,s\?1 at :i* po9ts x re/s1 & to :i*1 if x be turn$ aside1 x rev]ts by its own inh]5t vig\r4 ,b _m ores1 less p]fect 9 _! nature1 :i* yet conta9 amid /one or e>?y sub/ances pl5ty ( iron1 h no su* motion2 b :5 prep>$ by skilful treatm5t 9 ! fires1 z %[n 9 ! =ego+ *apt]1 !y acquire a pol> vig\r 7:i* we call v]ticity#hd72 & n only ! iron ores 9 reque/ by m9]s1 b ev5 e>? m]ely *>g$ ) f]rug9\s matt]1 & _m rocks1 d 9 l mann] t5d & lean t[>d ^? portions ( ! heav5s1 or m truly ( ! e>?1 if !y be skilfully plac$1 until !y rea* ! desir$ location1 9 :i* !y eag]ly repose4 99 99 99 99 99 #bi ,,*ap4 ,,xi4 99 ,wr\ght ,iron1 n excit$ by a load/one1 draws iron4 ,f ! ore1 :i* is conv]t$1 or sep>at$1 p>tly into metal1 p>tly into slag1 by ! int5se heat ( fires1 iron is smelt$ 9 ! fir/ furnaces 9 a space ( eight1 t51 or twelve h\rs1 & ! metal fl[s away f ! dross & useless matt]1 =m+ a l>ge & long mass1 :i* be+ subject$ to a %>p hamm]+ is cut into p>ts1 out ( :i* :5 reheat$ 9 ! second he>? ( ! =ge1 & aga9 plac$ on ! anvil1 ! smi?s fa%ion quadrangul> lumps1 or m specially b>s :i* are b\ght by m]*ants & blacksmi?s1 f :i* 9 smi?ies usually x is ! cu/om to fa%ion ! v>i\s implem5ts4 ,?is iron we t]m wr\ght1 & its attraction by ! load/one is manife/ to all4 ,b we1 by m c>efully try+ ev]y?+#he1 h f\nd out t iron m]ely1 by itself alone1 n excit$ by any load/one1 n *>g$ by any ali5 =ces1 attracts o!r iron2 ?\gh x does n s eag]ly snat* & sudd5ly pluck at x z w\ld a fairly /rong load/one2 ?is y may "k ?us3 ,a small piece ( cork1 ! size ( a hazel-nut1 r\nd$1 is trav]s$ by an iron wire up to ! middle ( ! wire3 :5 set swimm+ on /ill wat] apply to "o end ( x1 close 7yet s z n to t\*71 ! end ( ano!r iron wire2 & wire draws wire1 & "o foll[s ! o!r :5 sl[ly drawn back1 & ?is goes on up to ! prop] b\nd>ies4 ,let ,a be ! cork ) ! iron wire1 ,b "o end ( x rais$ a little above ! surface ( ! wat]1 ,c ! end ( ! second wire1 %[+ ! way 9 :i* ,b is drawn by ,c4 ,y may prove x 9 ano!r way 9 a l>g] body4 ,let a long bright iron rod 7su* z is made = hang+s & w9d[ curta9s7 be hung 9 balance by a sl5d] silk5 cord3 to "o end ( ?is z x re/s 9 ! air br+ a small oblong mass ( poli%$ iron1 ) its prop] #cj end at ! di/ance ( half a digit4 ,! balanc$ iron turns itself to ! mass2 d y ) ! same quickness draw back ! mass 9 y\r h& 9 a circul> pa? ab\t ! po9t ( equilibrium ( ! susp5sion2 ! end ( ! balanc$ iron foll[s aft] x1 & turns 9 an orbit4 ,illu/ration 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xii4 99 ,a long piece ( ,iron1 ev5 ?\gh n excit$ by a load/one1 settles itself t[>d ,nor? & ,s\?4 ,e good & p]fect piece ( iron1 if drawn out 9 l5g?1 po9ts ,nor? & ,s\?1 j z ! load/one or iron rubb$ ) a magnetical body does2 a ?+ t our fam\s philosoph]s h little und]/ood1 :o h sweat$ 9 va9 to set =? ! magnetick virtues & ! causes ( ! fri5d%ip ( iron = ! /one4 ,y may exp]im5t ) ei!r l>ge or small iron works1 & ei!r 9 air or 9 wat]4 ,a /raight piece ( iron six feet long ( ! ?ickness ( y\r f+] is susp5d$ 79 ! way describ$ 9 ! =ego+ *apt]7 9 exact quipoise by a /rong & sl5d] silk5 cord4 ,b ! cord %\ld be cross-wov5 ( sev]al silk filam5ts1 n twi/$ simply 9 "o way2 & x %\ld be 9 a small *amb] ) all doors & w9d[s clos$1 t ! w9d may n ent]1 nor ! air ( ! room be 9 any way di/urb$2 = :i* reason x is n exp$i5t t ! trial %\ld be made on w9dy days1 or :ile a /orm is brew+4 ,= ?us x freely foll[s its b5t1 & sl[ly moves until at l5g?1 z x re/s1 x po9ts ) its ends ,nor? & ,s\?1 j z iron t\*$ ) a load/one does 9 %ad[-clocks1 & 9 compasses1 & 9 ! m>9]s' compass4 ,y w be able1 if curi\s en\gh1 to balance all at ! same "t by f9e ?reads a numb] ( small rods1 or iron wires1 or long p9s ) :i* wom5 knit /ock+s2 y w see t all ( !m at ! same "t are 9 accord1 unless !re be "s error 9 ?is delicate op]ation3 = unless y prep>e ev]y?+ fitly & skilfully1 ! lab\r w be void4 ,make trial ( ?is ?+ 9 wat] also1 :i* is done bo? m c]ta9ly & m easily4 ,let an iron wire two or ?ree digits long1 m or less1 be pass$ ?r\gh a r\nd cork1 s t x may j float ^u wat]2 & z soon z y h committ$ x to ! waves1 x turns ^u its own c5tre1 & "o end t5ds to ! ,nor?1 ! o!r to ! ,s\?2 ! causes #ca ( :i* y w aft]w>ds f9d 9 ! laws ( ! direction4 ,?is too y %\ld und]/&1 & hold firmly 9 memory1 t 99 z a /rong load/one1 & iron t\*$ ) ! same1 d n inv>iably po9t exactly to ! true pole b to ! po9t ( ! v>iation2 s does a weak] load/one1 & s does ! iron1 :i* directs itself by its own =ces only1 n by ^? impress$ by ! /one2 & s e ore ( iron1 & all bodies naturally end[$ ) some?+ ( ! iron nature1 & prep>$1 turn to ! same po9t ( ! horizon1 accord+ to ! place ( ! v>iation 9 t p>ticul> region 7if !re be any v>iation !re971 & !re abide & re/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xiii4 99 ,wr\ght iron has 9 itself c]ta9 p>ts ,boreal & ,au/ral3 ,a magnetick vig\r1 v]ticity1 & det]m9ate v]tices1 or poles4 ,iron settles itself t[>d ! ,nor? & ,s\?2 n ) "o & ! same po9t t[>d ?is pole or t3 = "o end ( ! piece ( ore itself & "o extremity also ( a wr\ght-iron wire h a sure & con/ant de/9ation to ! ,nor?1 ! o!r to ! ,s\?1 :e!r ! iron hang 9 ! air1 or float on wat]1 be ! iron l>ge rods or ?9n] wires4 ,ev5 if x be a little rod1 or a wire t5 or tw5ty or m ells 9 l5g?2 "o end z a rule is ,boreal1 ! o!r ,au/ral4 ,if y cut (f "p ( t wire1 & if ! end ( t divid$ "p 7 ,boreal1 ! o!r end 7:i* 0 jo9$ to x7 w be ,au/ral4 ,?us if y divide x into sev]al p>ts1 be=e mak+ an exp]im5t on ! surface ( wat]1 y c recognize ! v]tex#hf4 ,9 all ( !m a ,boreal end draws an ,au/ral & repels a ,boreal1 & contr>iwise1 accord+ to ! laws magnetical4 ,yet h]e9 wr\ght iron diff]s f ! load/one & f its own ore1 inasmu* z 9 an iron ball ( any size1 su* z ^? us$ = artill]y or cannon1 or bullets us$ = c>b9es or f[l+-pieces1 v]ticity is h>d] to acquire & is less app>5t ?an 9 a piece ( load/one1 or ( ore itself1 or ?an 9 a r\nd load/one4 ,b 9 long & ext5d$ pieces ( iron a p[] is at once disc]n$2 ! causes ( :i* fact1 & ! me?ods by :i* x acquires its v]ticity & its poles )\t use ( a load/one1 z well z ! reasons = all ! o!r obscure features ( v]ticity1 we %all set =? 9 describ+ ! motion ( direction4 99 99 99 99 99 #cb ,,*ap4 ,,xiiii4 ,conc]n+ o!r p[]s ( load/one1 & its m$ic9al prop]ties4 ,dioscorides prescribes load/one to be giv5 ) sweet5$ wat]1 ?ree scruples' weight1 to expel gross hum\rs4 ,gal5 writes t a l quantity ( blood/one avails4 ,o!rs relate t load/one p]turbs ! m9d & makes folk melan*olick1 & mo/ly kills4 ,g>tias ab ,horto#hg ?9ks x n delet]i\s or injuri\s to heal?4 ,! natives ( ,ea/ ,india tell u1 he says1 t load/one tak5 9 small doses pres]ves y\?4 ,on :i* acc\nt ! ag$ k+1 ,zeilam1 is said to h ord]$ ! pans 9 :i* 8 victuals 7 cook$ to be made ( load/one4 ,! p]son 7says he7 to :om ?is ord] 0 giv5 told me s himself4 ,!re are _m v>ieties ( load/one produc$ by diff]5ces 9 ! m+l+ ( e>?s1 metals1 & juices2 h5ce !y are altoge!r unlike 9 _! virtues & effects1 due to prop9quities ( places & ( agnate bodies1 & aris+ f ! pits !mselves z x 7 f ! matrices be+ s\l4 ,"o load/one is !re=e able to purge ! /oma*1 & ano!r to *eck purg+1 to cause by its fumes a s]i\s %ock to ! m9d1 to produce a gnaw+ at ! vitals1 or to br+ on a grave relapse2 9 case ( :i* ills !y exhibit gold & em]ald1 us+ an abom9able impo/ure = lucre4 ,pure load/one may1 inde$1 be n only h>mless1 b ev5 able to correct an ov]-fluid & putresc5t /ate ( ! b[els & br+ !m back to a bett] temp]am5t2 ( ?is sort usually are ! ori5tal magnets f ,*9a1 & ! d5s] ones f ,b5gal1 :i* are nei!r mislik+ nor unpleasant to ! actual s5ses4 ,plut>* & ,claudius ,ptolemy#hh1 & all ! copyi/s s9ce _! "t1 ?9k t a load/one sme>$ ) g>lick does n allure iron4 ,h5ce "s suspect t g>lick is ( avail aga9/ any delet]i\s p[] ( ! magnet3 ?us 9 philosophy _m false & idle conjectures arise f fables & falsehoods4 ,"s physicians#hi h t a load/one has p[] to extract ! iron ( an arr[ f ! human body4 ,b x is :5 :ole t ! load/one draws1 n :5 pulv]iz$ & =mless1 buri$ 9 pla/]s2 = x does n attract by reason ( its mat]ial1 b is r adapt$ = ! heal+ ( op5 w\nds1 by reason ( exsiccation1 clos+ up & dry+ ! sore1 an effect by :i* ! arr[-heads w\ld r be reta9$ 9 ! w\nds4 ,?us va9ly & prepo/]\sly d ! scioli/s #cc look = rem$ies :ile ignorant ( ! true causes ( ?+s4 ,! application ( a load/one = all sorts ( heada*es no m cures !m 7z "s make out7 ?an w\ld an iron helmet or a /eel cap4 ,to give x 9 a draught to dropsical p]sons is an error ( ! anci5ts1 or an impud5t tale ( ! copyi/s1 ?\gh "o k9d ( ore may be f\nd :i*1 l _m m m9]als1 purges ! /oma*2 b ?is is due to "s defect ( t ore & n to any magnetick prop]ty4 ,nicolaus puts a l>ge quantity ( load/one into 8 div9e pla/]#ij1 j z ! ,augsburg]s d into a black pla/]#ia = fre% w\nds & /abs2 ! virtue ( :i* dries !m up )\t sm>t1 s t x proves an efficaci\s m$icam5t4 ,9 l mann] also ,p>acelsus to ! same end m+les x 9 8 pla/] = /ab w\nds#ib4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xv4 ,! ,m$ic9al ,virtue ( ,iron4#ic ,n =eign to our pres5t purpose w x be to treat briefly also ( ! m$ic9al virtue ( iron3 = x is a prime rem$ial = "s diseases ( ! human body1 & by its virtues1 bo? ^? t are natural & ^? acquir$ by suitable prep>ation1 x works m>vell\s *anges 9 ! human body1 s t we may ! m surely recognize its nature ?r\gh its m$ic9al virtue & ?r\gh c]ta9 manife/ exp]im5ts4 ,s t ev5 ^? tyros 9 m$ic9e :o abuse ?is mo/ fam\s m$icam5t may le>n to prescribe x ) bett] judgm5t = ! heal+ ( ! sick1 & n1 z too (t5 !y use x1 to _! h>m4 ,! be/ iron1 ,/omoma1 or ,*alybs1 ,acies1 or ,aci>ium1 is r$uc$ to a f9e p[d] by a file2 ! p[d] is /eep$ 9 ! %>pe/ v9eg>1 & dri$ 9 ! sun1 & aga9 s\s$ 9 v9eg>1 & dri$2 aft]w>ds x is wa%$ 9 spr+ wat] or o!r suitable wat]1 & dri$2 !n = ! second "t x is pulv]iz$ & r$uc$ on porphyry1 pass$ ?r\gh a v f9e sieve1 & put back = use4 ,x is giv5 *iefly 9 cases ( laxity & ov]-humidity ( ! liv]1 9 enl>gem5t ( ! sple51 aft] due evacuations2 = :i* reason x re/ores "y girls :5 pallid1 sickly1 & lack+ col\r1 to heal? & beauty2 s9ce x is v siccative1 & is a/r+5t )\t h>m4 ,b "s :o 9 e int]nal malady always talk ( ob/ruction #cd ( ! liv] & sple51 ?9k x b5eficial 9 ^? cases because x removes ob/ructions1 ma9ly tru/+ to ! op9ions ( c]ta9 ,arabians#id3 :]e=e !y adm9i/] x to ! dropsical & to ^? suff]+ f tum\r ( ! liv] or f *ronic jaundice1 & to p]sons tr\bl$ ) hypo*ondrical melan*olia or any /oma*ic disord]1 or add x to electu>ies1 )\t d\bt to ! griev\s injury ( _m ( _! pati5ts4 ,fallopius comm5ds x prep>$ 9 8 own way = tum\rs ( ! sple51 b is mu* mi/ak52 = load/one is pre-em95tly good = sple5s relax$ ) hum\r1 & swoll52 b x is s f> f cur+ sple5s ?ick5$ into a tum\r t x mightily confirms ! malady4 ,= ^? drugs :i* are /rong siccatives & absorb hum\r =ce ! visc]a :5 h>d5$ into a tum\r m completely into a quasi-/ony body4 ,!re are "s :o roa/ iron 9 a clos$ ov5 ) fi]ce fir+1 & burn x /rongly1 until x turns r$1 & !y call ?is ,saffron ( ,m>s2 :i* is a p[]ful siccative1 & m quickly p5etrates ! inte/9es4 ,moreov] !y ord] viol5t ex]cise1 t ! drug may ent] ! visc]a :ile heat$ & s rea* ! place affect$2 :]e=e also x is r$uc$ to a v f9e fl\r2 o!rwise x only /icks 9 ! /oma* & 9 ! *yle & does n p5etrate to ! inte/9es4 ,z a dry & e>?y m$icam5t1 !n1 x is %[n by ! mo/ c]ta9 exp]im5ts to be1 aft] prop] evacuations1 a rem$y = diseases aris+ f hum\r 7:5 ! visc]a are *>g$ & ov]fl[+ ) wat]y rheum74 ,prep>$ /eel is a m$icam5t prop] = enl>g$ sple54 ,iron wat]s too are effectual 9 r$uc+ ! sple51 al?\gh z a rule iron is ( a frigid & a/r+5t effici5cy1 n a laxative2 b x effects ?is nei!r by heat nor by cold1 b f its own dryness :5 mix$ ) a p5etrative fluid3 x ?us disp]ses ! hum\r1 ?ick5s ! villi1 h>d5s ! tissues1 & contracts !m :5 lax2 :ile ! inh]5t heat 9 ! memb] ?us /r5g!n$1 be+ increas$ 9 p[]1 dissipates :at is left4 ,:]eas if ! liv] be h>d5$ & weak5$ by old age or a *ronic ob/ruction1 or ! sple5 be %rivell$ & contract$ to a s*irrus1 by :i* tr\bles ! fle%y p>ts ( ! limbs gr[ flaccid1 & wat] "u ! sk9 invades ! body1 9 ! case ( ^! conditions ! introduction ( iron accel]ates ! fatal end1 & consid]ably increases ! malady4 ,among/ rec5t writ]s !re are "s :o 9 cases ( dr\ght ( ! liv] prescribe1 z a mu* laud$ & fam\s rem$y1 ! electu>y ( iron slag1 describ$ by ,rhazes#ie 9 8 n9? book ad ,almansorem1 ,*ap4 #fc1 or prep>$ fil+s ( /eel2 an evil & deadly advice3 :i* if !y d n "s "t und]/& f our philosophy1 at lea/ ev]yday exp]i5ce1 & ! decl9e & dea? ( _! pati5ts1 w conv9ce !m1 ev5 ! sluggi% & lazy4 ,:e!r iron be w>m or cold is v>i\sly cont5d$ by #ce _m4 ,by ,man>dus1 ,curtius1 ,fallopius & o!rs1 _m reasons are adduc$ on bo? sides2 ea* settles x accord+ to 8 own s5tim5t4 ,"s make x to be cold1 say+ t iron has ! prop]ty ( refrig]at+1 because ,ari/otle 9 8 ,meteorologica w\ld put iron 9 ! class ( ?+s :i* gr[ concret$ 9 cold by emission ( ! :ole ( _! ,heat3 ,gal51 too1 says t iron has its consi/5cy f cold2 also t x is an e>?y & d5se body4 ,fur!r t iron is a/r+5t1 also t ,*alybeate wat] qu5*es ?ir/3 & !y adduce ! cool+ effect ( !rmal iron wat]s4 ,o!rs1 h[ev]1 ma9ta9 t x is ,w>m1 because ( ,hippocrates mak+ out t wat]s are w>m :i* bur/ =? f places :]e iron exi/s4 ,gal5 says t 9 all metals !re is consid]able sub/ance1 or ess5ce1 ( fire4 ,paolo#if affirms t iron wat]s are w>m4 ,rhazes w h x t iron is w>m & dry 9 ! ?ird degree4 ,! ,arabians ?9k t x op5s ! sple5 & liv]2 :]e=e also t iron is w>m4 ,montagnana recomm5ds x 9 cold affections ( ! ut]us & /oma*4 ,?us d ! smatt]]s cross swords toge!r1 & puzzle inquir+ m9ds by _! vague conjectures1 & wrangle = trifles z = goats' wool1 :5 !y philosophize1 wrongly all[+ & accept+ prop]ties3 b ^! matt]s w appe> m pla9ly by & by :5 we beg9 to discuss ! causes ( ?+s2 ! cl\ds be+ disp]s$ t h s d>k5$ all ,philosophy4 ,fil+s1 scales1 & slag ( iron are1 z ,avic5na makes out1 n want+ 9 delet]i\s p[] 7haply :5 !y are n well prep>$ or are tak5 9 l>g] quantity ?an is fit71 h5ce !y cause viol5t pa9 9 ! b[els1 r\ghness ( ! m\? & tongue1 m>asmus1 & %rivell+ ( ! limbs4 ,b ,avic5na wrongly#ig & old-womani%ly makes out t ! prop] antidote to ?is iron poison is load/one to ! weight ( a dra*m tak5 z a draught 9 ! juice ( m]curialis or ( ,beet2 = load/one is ( a tw(old nature1 usually malefiant & p]nici\s1 nor does x resi/ iron1 s9ce x attracts x2 nor :5 drunk 9 a draught 9 ! =m ( p[d] does x avail to attract or repel1 b r inflicts ! same evils4 99 99 99 99 99 #cf ,,*ap4 ,,xvi4 ,t load/one iron ore are ! same1 b iron an extract f bo?1 z o!r metals are f _! own ores2 t all magnetick virtues1 ?\gh weak]1 exi/ 9 ! ore itself 9 smelt$ iron4 ,hi!rto we h decl>$ ! nature p[]s ( ! load/one1 also ! prop]ties ess5ce ( iron2 x n[ rema9s to %[ _! mutual aff9ities1 k9%ip1 s to speak1 h[ v closely conjo9$ ^! sub/ances are4 ,at ! highe/ "p ( ! t]re/rial globe1 or at its p]i%able surface r9d1 z x 71 ^! two bodies usually orig9ate are produc$ 9 "o & ! same matrix1 z tw9s 9 "o m9e4 ,/rong load/ones are dug up by !mselves1 weak] ones too h _! own prop] ve94 ,bo? are f\nd 9 iron m9es4 ,iron ore mo/ (t5 occurs alone1 )\t /rong load/one 7= ! m p]fect are r>ely met )74 ,/rong load/one is a /one resembl+ iron2 out ( x is usually smelt$ ! f9e/ iron1 :i* ! ,greeks call /omoma1 ! ,lat9s acies1 ! ,b>b>ians 7n amiss7 aci>e1 or aci>ium4 ,?is same /one draws1 repels1 controls o!r load/ones1 directs itself to ! poles ( ! _w1 picks up smelt$ iron1 & works _m o!r wond]s1 "s already set =? by u1 b _m m :i* we mu/ demon/rate m fully4 ,a weak] load/one1 h[ev]1 w exhibit all ^! p[]s1 b 9 a less] degree2 :ile iron ore1 also wr\ght iron 7if !y h be5 prep>$7 %[ _! /r5g? 9 all magnetick exp]im5ts n less ?an d feeble & weak 99 load/ones2 an in]t piece ( ore1 "o possess$ ( no magnetick prop]ties1 j ?r[n out#ih ( ! pit1 :5 roa/$ 9 ! fire prep>$ ) due art 7by ! elim9ation ( hum\rs =eign excretions7 awakes1 & becomes 9 p[] pot5cy a magnet1 99 occasionally a /one or iron ore is m9$1 :i* attracts =?) )\t be+ prep>$3 = native iron ( ! "r col\r attracts & gov]ns iron magnetically4 ,"o =m !n belongs to ! "o m9]al1 "o species1 "o self-same ess5ce4 ,= to me !re seems to be a great] diff]5ce1 unlik5ess1 betwe5 ! /ronge/ #cg load/one1 a weak "o :i* sc>ce c attract a s+le *ip ( iron2 betwe5 "o t is /\t1 /rong1 metallick1 "o t is s(t1 friable1 clayey2 amid/ su* v>iety ( col\r1 sub/ance1 quality1 weight2 ?an !re is on ! "o h& betwe5 ! be/ ore1 ri* 9 iron1 or iron t is metallick f ! beg9n+1 & on ! o!r ! mo/ excell5t load/one4 ,usually1 too1 !re are no m>ks to di/+ui% !m1 & ev5 metallurgi/s _c decide betwe5 !m1 because !y agree toge!r 9 all respects4 ,moreov] we see t ! be/ load/one & ! ore ( iron are bo? z x 7 di/ress$ by ! same maladies diseases1 bo? run to old age 9 ! same way exhibit ! same m>ks ( x1 are pres]v$ keep _! prop]ties by ! same rem$ies safegu>ds2 yet aga9 ! "o increases ! pot5cy ( ! o!r1 by artfully devis$ adjuncts m>vell\sly int5sifies1 exalts x4 ,= bo? are impair$ by ! m acrid juices z by poisons1 ! aqua =tis ( ! ,*emi/s inflicts on bo? ! same w\nds1 & :5 expos$ too long to h>m f ! atmosph]e1 !y bo? alike p9e away1 s to speak1 gr[ old2 ea* is pres]v$ by be+ kept 9 ! du/ scrap+s ( ! o!r2 :5 a fit piece ( /eel or iron is adjo9$ above its pole1 ! load/one's vig\r is augm5t$ ?r\gh ! firm union4 ,! load/one is laid up 9 iron fil+s1 n t iron is its food2 z ?\gh load/one 7 alive & ne$$ fe$+1 z ,c>dan philosophizes#ii2 nor yet t s x is deliv]$ f ! inclem5cy ( ! wea!r 7= :i* cause x z well z iron is laid up 9 bran by ,scalig]2 mi/ak5ly1 h[ev]1 = !y are n pres]v$ well 9 ?is way1 & keep = ye>s _! own fix$ =ms73 nor yet1 s9ce !y rema9 p]fect by ! mutual action ( _! p[d]s1 d _! extremities wa/e away1 b are *]i%$ pres]v$1 l by l4 ,= j z 9 _! own places1 9 ! m9es1 bodies l to ea* o!r endure = _m ages entire & uncorrupt1 :5 surr\nd$ by bodies ( ! same /uff1 z ! less] int]ior p>ts 9 a great mass3 s load/one & ore ( iron1 :5 inclos$ 9 a m\nd ( ! same mat]ial1 d n exhale _! native hum\r1 d n wa/e away1 b reta9 _! s\ndness4 ,a load/one la/s long] 9 fil+s ( smelt$ iron1 a piece ( iron ore excell5tly also 9 du/ ( load/one2 z also smelt$ iron 9 fil+s ( load/one ev5 9 ^? ( iron4 ,!n bo? ^! alli$ bodies h a true j =m ( "o ! same species2 a =m :i* until ?is day 0 consid]$ by all1 ow+ to _! outw>d unlik5ess ! inequality ( ! pot5cy t is ! same innate 9 bo?1 to be diff]5t unlike 9 k9d2 ! smatt]]s n und]/&+ t ! same p[]s1 ?\gh diff]+ 9 /r5g?1 exi/ 9 bo? alike4 ,& 9 fact !y bo? are true intimate p>ts ( ! e>?1 z su* reta9 ! prime natural prop]ties ( mutually attract+1 ( mov+1 ( dispos+ !mselves t[>d ! position ( ! _w1 #ch & ( ! t]re/rial globe2 :i* prop]ties !y also imp>t to ea* o!r1 & increase1 confirm1 receive1 & reta9 ea* o!r's =ces4 ,! /rong] =tifies ! weak]1 n z ?\gh aught 7 tak5 away f its own sub/ance1 or its prop] vig\r1 nor because any corporeal sub/ance is imp>t$1 b ! dormant virtue ( ! "o is ar\s$ by ! o!r1 )\t loss4 ,= if ) a s+le small /one y t\* a ?\s& bits ( iron = ! use ( m>9]s#ajj1 t load/one attracts iron no less /rongly ?an be=e2 ) ! same /one weigh+ "o p\nd1 any "o w be able to susp5d 9 ! air a ?\s& p\nds ( iron4 ,= if any "o 7 to fix high up on ! walls s _m iron nails ( s great a weight1 7 to apply to !m ! same numb] ( nails t\*$1 accord+ to ! art1 by a load/one1 !y w\ld all be se5 to hang 9 ! air ?r\gh ! =ce ( "o small /one4 ,s ?is is n solely ! action1 lab\r1 or outlay ( ! load/one2 b ! iron1 :i* is 9 a s5se an extract f load/one1 & a fusion ( load/one into metal1 conceives vig\r f x1 by proximity /r5g!ns ! magnetick faculties1 do? itself1 f :atev] lode x may h come1 raise its own inborn =ces ?r\gh ! pres5ce contact ( ! /one1 ev5 :5 solid bodies int]v5e4 ,iron t has be5 t\*$1 acts anew on ano!r piece ( iron by contact1 adapts x = magnetick movem5ts1 ?is aga9 a ?ird4 ,b if y rub ) a load/one any o!r metal1 or wood1 or bones1 or glass1 z !y w n be mov$ t[>d any p>ticul> & det]m9ate qu>t] ( heav51 nor be attract$ by any magnetick body1 s !y are able n to imp>t any magnetick prop]ty to o!r bodies or to iron itself by attrition1 by infection4 ,load/one diff]s f iron ore1 z also f "s weak] magnets1 9 t :5 molt5 9 ! furnace into a f]ric metallick fus$ mass1 x does n s readily fl[ dissolve into metal2 b is sometimes burnt to a%es 9 l>ge furnaces2 a result :i* x is reasonable to suppose arises f its hav+ "s k9d ( sulphure\s matt] mix$ ) x1 or f its own excell5ce simpl] nature1 or f ! lik5ess common =m :i* x has ) ! common "m1 ! ,great ,magnet4 ,= e>?s1 & iron /ones1 magnets ab\nd+ 9 metal1 are ! m imbu$ m>r$ ) excrem5titi\s metallick hum\rs1 & e>?y corruptions ( sub/ance1 z numb]s ( load/ones are weak] f ! m9e2 h5ce !y are a little fur!r remote f ! common "m1 are deg5]ate1 :5 smelt$ 9 ! furnace und]go fusion m easily1 give out a m c]ta9 metallick product1 a metal t is s(t]1 n a t\gh /eel4 ,! majority ( load/ones 7if n unfairly burnt#aja7 yield 9 ! furnace a v excell5t iron4 ,b iron ore also agrees 9 all ^? prim>y qualities ) load/one2 = bo?1 be+ ne>] & m closely ak9 to ! e>? above all bodies kn[n to u1 h 9 !mselves #ci a magnetick sub/ance1 "o t is m homog5ic1 true cognate ) ! globe ( ! e>?2 less infe/$ spoil$ by =eign blemi%2 less confus$ ) ! outgr[?s ( e>?'s surface1 less debas$ by corrupt products4 ,& = ?is reason ,ari/otle 9 ! f\r? book ( 8 ,meteora seems n unfairly to sep>ate iron f all ! re/ ( ! metals4 ,gold1 he says1 silv]1 copp]1 t91 lead1 belong to wat]2 b iron is ( ! e>?4 ,gal51 9 ! f\r? *apt] ( ,de ,facultatibus ,simplicium ,m$icam5torum1 says t iron is an e>?y d5se body4 ,accord+ly a /rong load/one is on our %[+ especially ( ! e>?3 ! next place is occupi$ by iron ore or weak] load/one2 s ! load/one is by nature & orig9#ajb9999 ( iron1 & x & magnetick iron are bo? "o 9 k9d4 ,iron ore yields iron 9 furnaces2 load/one also p\rs =? iron 9 ! furnaces1 b ( a mu* m excell5t sort1 t :i* is call$ /eel or blade-edge2 & ! bett] sort ( iron ore is a weak load/one1 ! be/ load/one be+ a mo/ excell5t ore ( iron1 9 :i*1 z is to be %[n by u1 ! prim>y prop]ties are gr& & conspicu\s4 ,weak] load/one or iron ore is t 9 :i* ^! prop]ties are m obscure1 feeble1 & are sc>ce p]ceptible to ! s5ses4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xvii4 ,t ! globe ( ! e>? is magnetick1 a magnet2 h[ 9 our h&s ! magnet /one has all ! prim>y =ces ( ! e>?1 :ile ! e>? by ! same p[]s rema9s con/ant 9 a fix$ direction 9 ! univ]se4 ,prior to br++ =w>d ! causes ( magnetical motions1 lay+ op5 ! pro(s ( ?+s hidd5 = s _m ages1 our exp]im5ts 7! true f\ndations ( t]re/rial philosophy71 we h to e/abli% pres5t to ! view ( ! le>n$ our ,new unhe>d ( doctr9e ab\t ! e>?2 & ?is1 :5 argu$ by u on ! gr\nds ( its probability1 ) subsequ5t #dj exp]im5ts pro(s1 w be z c]ta9ly assur$ z any?+ 9 philosophy ev] has be5 consid]$ confirm$ by clev] argum5ts or ma!matical pro(s4 ,! t]r5e mass1 :i* toge!r ) ! va/y ocean produces ! sphrick figure con/itutes our globe1 be+ ( a firm con/ant sub/ance1 is n easily *ang$1 does n w&] ab\t1 fluctuate ) unc]ta9 motions1 l ! seas1 fl[+ waves3 b holds all its volume ( moi/ure 9 c]ta9 b$s b\nds1 z x 7 9 (t-met ve9s1 t x may be ! less diffus$ dissipat$ at r&om4 ,yet ! solid magnitude ( ! e>? prevails reigns supreme 9 ! nature ( our globe4 ,wat]1 h[ev]1 is atta*$ to x1 z an app5dage only1 a flux emanat+ f x2 ^: =ce f ! beg9n+ is conjo9$ ) ! e>? ?r\gh its smalle/ p>ts1 & is innate 9 its sub/ance4 ,?is moi/ure ! e>? z x gr[s hot ?r[s (f freely :5 x is ( ! greate/ possible s]vice 9 ! g5]ation ( ?+s4 ,b ! !ws & dom9ant /uff ( ! globe is t t]r5e body :i* f> exce$s 9 quantity all ! volume ( fl[+ /reams & op5 wat]s 7:atev] vulg> philosoph]s may dream ( ! magnitudes & proportions ( _! elem5ts71 & :i* takes up mo/ ( ! :ole globe & almo/ fills x int]nally1 & by itself almo/ suffices to end[ x ) sphrick %ape4 ,= ! seas only fill c]ta9 n v deep or pr(\nd holl[s1 s9ce !y r>ely g d[n to a dep? ( a mile & g5]ally d n exce$ a hundr$ or #ej fa?oms4 ,= s x is asc]ta9$ by ! obs]vations ( seam5 :5 by ! plumb-l9e & s9k] its abysms are explor$ ) ! nautical s\nd]2 :i* dep?s relatively to ! dim5sions ( ! globe1 d n mu* de=m its globul> %ape4 ,small !n appe>s to be t portion ( ! real e>? t ev] em]ges to be se5 by man1 or is turn$ up2 s9ce we _c p5etrate deep] into its b[els1 fur!r ?an ! wreckage ( its out] effloresc5ce1 ei!r by reason ( ! wat]s :i* gu% up 9 deep work+s1 z ?r\gh ve9s1 or = want ( a :olesome air to support life 9 ! m9]s1 or on acc\nt ( ! va/ co/ t w\ld be incurr$ 9 pump+ out su* huge work+s#ajc1 & _m o!r difficulties2 s t to h gone d[n to a dep? ( f\r hundr$1 or 7:i* is ( r>e/ occurr5ce7 ( five hundr$ fa?oms#ajd z 9 a few m9es1 appe>s to all a /up5d\s und]tak+4 ,b x is easy to und]/& h[ m9ute1 h[ almo/ negligibly small a portion t #ejj fa?oms is ( ! e>?'s diamet]1 :i* is #f1hgb miles4 ,x is !n p>ts only ( ! e>?'s circumf]5ce & ( its prom95ces t are p]ceiv$ by u ) our s5ses2 & ^! 9 all regions appe> to u to be ei!r loamy1 or clayey1 or s&y1 or full ( v>i\s soils1 or m>ls3 or lots ( /ones or gravel meet u1 or b$s ( salt1 or a metallick lode1 & metals 9 abundance4 ,9 ! sea & 9 deep wat]s1 h[ev]1 ei!r reefs1 & huge b\ld]s1 or small] /ones1 or s&s1 or mud #da are f\nd by m>9]s z !y s\nd ! dep?s4 ,n[h]e does ! ,ari/otelian elem5t ( e>? come to light2 & ! ,p]ipateticks are ! sport ( _! own va9 dreams ab\t elem5ts4 ,yet ! l[] bulk ( ! e>? & ! inw>d p>ts ( ! globe consi/ ( su* bodies2 = !y c\ld n h exi/$1 unless !y _h be5 relat$ to & expos$ to ! air & wat]1 & to ! light & influ5ces ( ! heav5ly bodies1 9 l mann] z !y are g5]at$1 & pass into _m dissimil> =ms ( ?+s1 & are *ang$ by a p]petual law ( succession4 ,yet ! int]ior p>ts imitate !m1 & betake !mselves to _! own s\rce1 on ! pr9ciple ( t]r5e matt]1 albeit !y h lo/ ! fir/ qualities & ! natural t]r5e =m1 & are borne t[>ds ! e>?'s c5tre1 & cohre ) ! globe ( ! e>?1 f :i* !y _c be wr5*$ asund] except by =ce4 ,b ! load/one & all magneticks1 n ! /one only1 b e magnetick homog5ic sub/ance1 w\ld seem to conta9 ! virtue ( ! e>?'s core & ( its inmo/ b[els1 & to hold )9 itself & to h conceiv$ t :i* is ! secret & inw>d pr9ciple ( its sub/ance2 & x possesses ! actions peculi> to ! globe ( attract+1 direct+1 dispos+1 rotat+1 /ation+ itself 9 ! univ]se1 accord+ to ! rule ( ! :ole1 & x conta9s & regulates ! dom9ant p[]s ( ! globe2 :i* are ! *ief tok5s & pro(s ( a c]ta9 di/+ui%+ comb9ation1 & ( a nature mo/ ?or\ghly conjo9t4 ,= if among actual bodies "o sees some?+ move & brea!1 & exp]i5ce s5sations1 & be incl9$ & impell$ by reason1 w "o n1 kn[+ & see+ ?is1 conclude t x is a man or some?+ r l a man1 ?an t x is a /one or a /ick8 ,! load/one f> excels all o!r bodies kn[n to u 9 virtues & prop]ties p]ta9+ to ! common "m3 b ^? prop]ties h be5 f> too little und]/ood or realiz$ by philosoph]s3 = to its body bodies magnetical ru% 9 f all sides & cleave to x1 z we see !m d 9 ! case ( ! e>?4 ,x has poles1 n ma!matical po9ts1 b natural t]m9i ( =ce excell+ 9 prim>y effici5cy by ! co-op]ation ( ! :ole3 & !re are poles 9 l mann] 9 ! e>? :i* our =efa!rs s\ght ev] 9 ! sky3 x has an quator1 a natural divid+ l9e betwe5 ! two poles1 j z ! e>? has3 = ( all l9es drawn by ! ma!maticians on ! t]re/rial globe1 ! quator is ! natural b\nd>y1 & is n1 z w h]eaft] appe>1 m]ely a ma!matical circle4 ,x1 l ! e>?1 acquires ,direction & /ability t[>d ,nor? & ,s\?1 z ! e>? does2 also x has a circul> motion t[>d ! position ( ! e>?1 :]e9 x adju/s itself to its rule3 x foll[s ! asc5sions & decl9ations ( ! e>?'s poles1 & con=ms exactly to ! same1 & by itself raises its own poles above ! #db horizon naturally accord+ to ! law ( ! p>ticul> c\ntry & region1 or s9ks bel[ x4 ,! load/one d]ives tempor>y prop]ties1 & acquires its v]ticity f ! e>?1 & iron is affect$ by ! v]ticity ( ! globe ev5 z iron is by a load/one3 ,magneticks are con=mable to & are regulat$ by ! e>?1 & are subject to ! e>? 9 all _! motions4 ,all its movem5ts h>monize )1 & /rictly wait ^u1 ! geometry & =m ( ! e>?1 z we %all aft]w>ds prove by mo/ conclusive exp]im5ts & diagrams2 & ! *ief "p ( ! visible e>? is also magnetical1 & has magnetick motions1 al?\gh x be disfigur$ by corruptions & mutations )\t end4 ,:y !n d we n recognize ?is ! *ief homog5ic sub/ance ( ! e>?1 like/ ( sub/ances to its inn] nature & close/ alli$ to its v m>r[8 ,= none ( ! o!r mix$ e>?s suitable = agriculture1 no o!r metallif]\s ve9s1 nor /ones1 nor s&1 nor o!r fragm5ts ( ! e>? :i* h come to our view possess su* con/ant & peculi> p[]s4 ,& yet we d n assume t ! :ole int]ior ( ?is globe ( ours is compos$ ( /ones or iron 7al?\gh ,franciscus ,maurolycus1 t le>n$ man1 deems ! :ole ( ! e>?'s int]ior to consi/ ( solid /one74 ,= n e load/one t we h is a /one1 x be+ sometimes l a clod1 or l clay & iron ei!r firmly compact$ toge!r out ( v>i\s mat]ials1 or ( a s(t] composition1 or by heat r$uc$ to ! metallick /ate2 & ! magnetick sub/ance by reason ( its location & ( its surr\nd+s1 & ( ! metallick matrix itself1 is di/+ui%$1 at ! surface ( ! t]r5e mass1 by _m qualities & adv5titi\s natures1 j z 9 clay x is m>k$ by c]ta9 /ones & iron lodes4 ,b we ma9ta9 t ! true e>? is a solid sub/ance1 homog5e\s ) ! globe1 closely coh]5t1 end[$ ) a primordial & 7z 9 ! o!r globes ( ! univ]se7 ) a prepot5t =m2 9 :i* position x p]si/s ) a fix$ v]ticity1 & revolves ) a necess>y motion & an inh]5t t5d5cy to turn1 & x is ?is con/itution1 :5 true & native1 & n injur$ or disfigur$ by outw>d defects1 t ! load/one possesses above all bodies app>5t to u1 z if x 7 a m truly homog5ic "p tak5 f ! e>?4 ,accord+ly native iron :i* sui g5]is 7z metallurgi/s t]m x71 is =m$ :5 homog5ic p>ts ( ! e>? gr[ toge!r into a metallick lode2 ,load/one be+ =m$ :5 !y are *ang$ into metallick /one1 or a lode ( ! f9e/ iron1 or /eel3 s 9 o!r iron lodes ! homog5ic matt] t goes toge!r is some:at m imp]fect2 j z _m p>ts ( ! e>?1 ev5 ! high gr\nd1 is homog5ic b s mu* m de=mate4 ,smelt$ iron is fus$ & smelt$ out ( homog5ic /uffs1 & cleaves to ! e>? m t5aci\sly ?an ! ores !mselves4 ,su* !n is our e>? 9 its #dc inw>d p>ts1 possess$ ( a magnetick homog5eal nature1 & ^u su* m p]fect f\ndations z ^! re/s ! :ole nature ( ?+s t]re/rial1 manife/+ itself to u1 9 our m dilig5t scrut9y1 ev]y:]e 9 all magnetick m9]als1 & iron ores1 9 all clay1 & 9 num]\s e>?s & /ones2 :ile ,ari/otle's simple elem5t1 t mo/ empty t]re/rial phantom ( ! ,p]ipateticks1 a rude1 in]t1 cold1 dry1 simple matt]1 ! univ]sal sub/ratum1 is dead1 devoid ( vig\r1 & has nev] pres5t$ itself to any "o1 n ev5 9 sleep1 & w\ld be ( no pot5cy 9 nature4 ,our philosoph]s 7 only dream+ :5 !y spoke ( a k9d ( simple & in]t matt]4 ,c>dan does n consid] ! load/one to be any k9d ( /one1 b a sort ( p]fect$ portion ( "s k9d ( e>? t is absolute2 a tok5 ( :i* is its abundance1 !re be+ no place :]e x is n f\nd4 ,& !re is 7he says7 a p[] ( iron 9 ! w$d$ ,e>? :i* is p]fect 9 its own k9d :5 x has receiv$ f]tiliz+ =ce f ! male1 t is to say1 ! /one ( ,h]cules 79 8 book ,de ,proportionibus74 ,& lat]3 ,because 7he says7 9 ! previ\s proposition ,i h taught t iron is true e>?4 ,a /rong load/one %[s itself to be ( ! inw>d e>?1 & ^u innum]able te/s claims to rank ) ! e>? 9 ! possession ( a prim>y =m1 t by :i* ,e>? h]self abides 9 h] own /ation & is direct$ 9 h] c\rses4 ,?us a weak] load/one & e ore ( iron1 & ne>ly all clay1 or clayey e>?1 & num]\s o!r sorts 7yet m1 or less1 ow+ to ! diff]5t labefaction ( fluids & slimes71 keep _! magnetick & g5u9e e>?-prop]ties op5 to view1 fall+ %ort ( ! *>act]i/ic =m1 & de=mate4 ,= x is n iron alone 7! smelt$ metal7 t po9ts to ! poles1 nor is x ! load/one alone t is attract$ by ano!r & made to revolve magnetically2 b all iron ores1 & o!r /ones1 z ,rh5i% slates & ! black ones f ,avignon 7! ,fr5* call !m ,ardoises7 :i* !y use = tiles1 & _m m ( o!r col\rs & sub/ances1 provid$ !y h be5 prep>$2 z well z all clay1 grit#aje1 & "s sorts ( rocks1 &1 to speak m cle>ly1 all ! m solid e>? t is ev]y:]e app>5t2 giv5 t t e>? be n f\l$ ) fatty & fluid corruptions2 z mud1 z mire1 z accumulations ( putrid matt]2 nor de=mate by ! imp]fections ( sundry admixtures2 nor dripp+ ) ooze1 z m>ls2 all are attract$ by ! load/one1 :5 simply prep>$ by fire1 & fre$ f _! refuse hum\r2 & z by ! load/one s also by ! e>? h]self !y are drawn & controll$ magnetically1 9 a way diff]5t f all o!r bodies2 & by t inh]5t =ce settle !mselves accord+ to ! ord]ly arrangem5t & fabric ( ! univ]se & ( ! ,e>?1 z w appe> #dd lat]4 ,?us e "p ( ! e>? :i* is remov$ f x exhibits by sure exp]im5ts e impulse ( ! magnetick nature2 by its v>i\s motions x obs]ves ! globe ( ! e>? & ! pr9ciple common to bo?4 ,illu/ration 99 99 99 99 99 #de ,illu/ration ,,book ,,second4 ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,,on ,,magnetick ,motions4 ,div]s ?+s conc]n+ op9ions ab\t ! magnet-/one1 & its v>iety1 conc]n+ its poles & its kn[n faculties1 conc]n+ iron1 conc]n+ ! prop]ties ( iron1 conc]n+ a magnetick sub/ance common to bo? ( ^! & to ! e>? itself1 h be5 spok5 briefly by u 9 ! =m] book4 ,!re rema9 ! magnetical motions1 & _! full] philosophy1 %[n & demon/rat$4 ,^! motions are incitem5ts ( homog5eal p>ts ei!r among !mselves or t[>d ! prim>y con=mation ( ! :ole e>?4 ,ari/otle admits only two simple motions ( 8 elem5ts1 f ! c5tre & t[>d ! c5tre2 ( light ones upw>d1 heavy ones d[nw>d2 s t 9 ! e>? !re exi/s "o motion only ( all its p>ts t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! _w1--a rude & in]t precipitation4 ,b :at ( x is light1 & h[ wrongly x is inf]r$ by ! ,p]ipateticks f ! simple motion ( ! elem5ts1 & also :at is its heavy "p1 we w discuss else:]e4 ,b n[ our inquiry mu/ be into ! causes ( o!r motions1 dep5d+ on its true =m1 :i* we h pla9ly se5 9 our magnetick bodies2 & ^! we h se5 to be pres5t 9 ! e>? & 9 all its homog5ic p>ts also4 ,we h notic$ t !y h>monize ) ! e>?1 & are b\nd up ) its =ces4 ,five movem5ts#ajf or diff]5ces ( motions are !n obs]v$ by u3 ,coition 7commonly call$ attraction71 ! #df incitem5t to magnetick union2 ,direction t[>ds ! poles ( ! e>?1 & ! v]ticity & cont9uance ( ! e>? t[>ds ! det]m9ate poles ( ! _w2 ,v>iation1 a deflexion f ! m]idian1 :i* we call a p]v]t$ movem5t2 ,decl9ation1 a desc5t ( ! magnetick pole bel[ ! horizon2 & circul> motion1 or ,revolution4 ,conc]n+ all ^! we %all discuss sep>ately1 & h[ !y all proce$ f a nature t5d+ to aggregation1 ei!r by v]ticity or by volubility4 ,j(rancus ,(fusius#ajg makes out diff]5t magnetick motions2 a fir/ t[>d a c5tre2 a second t[>d a pole at sev5ty-sev5 degrees2 a ?ird t[>d iron2 a f\r? t[>d load/one4 ,! fir/ is n always to a c5tre1 b exi/s only at ! poles 9 a /raight c\rse t[>d ! c5tre1 if ! motion is magnetick2 o!rwise x is only motion ( matt] t[>d its own mass & t[>d ! globe4 ,! second t[>d a pole at sev5ty-sev5 degrees is no motion1 b is direction ) respect to ! pole ( ! e>?1 or v>iation4 ,! ?ird & f\r? are magnetick & are ! same4 ,s he truly recognizes no magnetick motion except ! ,coition t[>d iron or load/one1 commonly call$ attraction4 ,!re is ano!r motion 9 ! :ole e>?1 :i* does n exi/ t[>ds ! t]rella or t[>ds its p>ts2 videlicet1 a motion ( aggregation1 & t movem5t ( matt]1 :i* is call$ by philosoph]s a "r motion1 ( :i* else:]e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,on ! ,magnetick ,coition1 & fir/ on ! ,attraction ( ,amb]1 or m truly1 on ! ,atta*+ ( ,bodies to ,amb]4 ,celebrat$ has ! fame ( ! load/one & ( amb] ev] be5 9 ! memoirs ( ! le>n$4 ,load/one & also amb] d "s philosoph]s invoke :5 9 expla9+ _m secrets _! s5ses become dim & reason+ _c g fur!r4 ,inquisitive !ologians also w\ld ?r[ light on ! div9e my/]ies set beyond ! range ( human s5se1 by means ( load/one & amb]2 j z idle ,metaphysicians1 :5 !y are sett+ up & tea*+ useless phantasms1 h rec\rse to ! load/one z if x 7 a ,delphick sword1 an illu/ration always applicable to ev]y?+4 ,b physicians ev5 7) ! au?ority ( #dg ,gal571 desir+ to confirm ! belief 9 ! attraction ( purgative m$ic9es by means ( ! lik5ess ( sub/ance & ! famili>ities ( ! juices--truly a va9 & useless error--br+ 9 ! load/one z witness z be+ a nature ( great au?ority & ( conspicu\s efficacy & a rem>kable body4 ,s 9 v _m cases !re are "s :o1 :5 !y are plead+ a cause & _c give a reason = x1 br+ 9 load/one & amb] z ?\gh !y 7 p]sonifi$ witnesses4 ,b ^! m5 7ap>t f t common error7 be+ ignorant t ! causes ( magnetical motions are widely diff]5t f ! =ces ( amb]1 easily fall into error1 & are !mselves ! m deceiv$ by _! own cogitations4 ,= 9 o!r bodies a conspicu\s =ce ( attraction manife/s itself o!rwise ?an 9 load/one2 l z 9 amb]1 conc]n+ :i* "s ?+s mu/ fir/ be said1 t x may appe> :at is t atta*+ ( bodies1 & h[ x is diff]5t f & =eign to ! magnetical actions2 ^? mortals be+ /ill ignorant1 :o ?9k t incl9ation to be an attraction1 & comp>e x ) ! magnetick coitions4 ,! ,greeks call x ,greek3 lektron#ajh because x attracts /raws to itself1 :5 x is w>m$ by rubb+2 !n x is call$ ,greek3 h>pax#aji2 & ,greek3 *rusophoron f its gold5 col\r4 ,b ! ,moors call x ,c>abe#aaj1 because !y are accu/om$ to (f] ! same 9 sacrifices & 9 ! wor%ip ( ! ,gods4 ,= ,c>ab signifies to (f] 9 ,arabic2 s ,c>abe1 an (f]+3 or seiz+ *aff1 z ,scalig] quotes f ,abohalis1 out ( ! ,arabic or ,p]sian language4 ,"s also call x ,amb]1 especially ! ,indian & ,e?iopian amb]1 call$ 9 ,lat9 ,succ9um1 z if x 7 a juice#aaa4 ,! ,sudavi5ses or ,sud9i#aab call x g5it]1 z ?\gh x 7 g5]at$ t]re/rially4 ,! errors ( ! anci5ts conc]n+ its nature & orig9 hav+ be5 explod$1 x is c]ta9 t amb] comes = ! mo/ "p f ! sea1 & ! ru/ics collect x on ! coa/ aft] ! m viol5t /orms1 ) nets & o!r tackle2 z among ! ,sud9i ( ,prussia2 & x is also f\nd sometimes on ! coa/ ( our own ,brita94 ,x seems1 h[ev]1 to be produc$ also 9 ! soil & at spots ( "s dep?1 l o!r bitum5s2 to be wa%$ out by ! waves ( ! sea2 & to become concret$ m firmly f ! nature & saltness ( ! sea-wat]4 ,= x 0 at fir/ a s(t & visc\s mat]ial2 :]e=e also x conta9s enclos$ & entomb$ 9 pieces ( x1 %9+ 9 et]nal sepul*res1 flies1 grubs1 gnats1 ants2 :i* h all fl[n or crept or fall5 into x :5 x fir/ fl[$ =? 9 a liquid /ate#aac4 ,! anci5ts & also m rec5t writ]s recall 7exp]i5ce prov+ ! same ?+71 t amb] attracts /raws & *aff#aad4 ,! same is also done by jet#aae1 :i* is dug out ( ! e>? 9 ,brita91 9 ,g]many1 & 9 v _m l&s1 & is a r h>d concretion f black bitum51 & z x 7 a trans=mation into /one4 ,!re are _m mod]n au?ors#aaf :o h writt5 & copi$ f o!rs ab\t amb] & jet#aag attract+ *aff1 & ab\t o!r #dh sub/ances g5]ally unkn[n2 ) ^: lab\rs ! %ops ( booksell]s are cramm$4 ,our own age has produc$ _m books ab\t hidd51 ab/ruse1 & occult causes & wond]s1 9 all ( :i* amb] & jet are set =? z entic+ *aff2 b !y treat ! subject 9 words alone1 )\t f9d+ any reasons or pro(s f exp]im5ts1 _! v /atem5ts obscur+ ! ?+ 9 a great] fog1 =soo? 9 a cryptic1 m>vell\s1 ab/ruse1 secret1 occult1 way4 ,:]e=e also su* philosophy produces no fruit1 because v _m philosoph]s1 mak+ no inve/igation !mselves1 unsupport$ by any practical exp]i5ce1 idle & in]t1 make no progress by _! records1 & d n see :at light !y c br+ to _! !ories2 b _! philosophy re/s simply on ! use ( c]ta9 ,greek words1 or uncommon ones2 aft] ! mann] ( our gossips & b>b]s n[adays1 :o make %[ ( c]ta9 ,lat9 words to an ignorant populace z ! insignia ( _! craft1 & snat* at ! popul> fav\r4 ,= x is n only amb] & 99 jet 7z !y suppose7 :i* entice small bodies#aah2 b ,diamond1 ,sapphire1 ,c>buncle1 ,iris gem#aai1 ,opal1 ,ame?y/1 ,v9c5t9a1 & ,bri/olla 7an ,engli% gem or sp>7#abj1 ,b]yl1 & ,cry/al#aba d ! same4 ,simil> p[]s ( attraction are se5 also to be possess$ by glass 7especially :5 cle> & lucid71 z also by false gems made ( glass or ,cry/al1 by glass ( antimony1 & by _m k9ds ( sp>s f ! m9es1 & by ,belemnites4 ,sulphur also attracts1 & ma/ick1 & h>d seal+-wax#abb comp\nd$ ( lac t9ctur$ ( v>i\s col\rs4 ,r h>d res9 entices1 z does orpim5t#abc1 b less /rongly2 ) difficulty also & indi/9ctly "u a suitable dry sky#abd1 ,rock salt1 muscovy /one1 & rock alum4 ,?is "o may see :5 ! air is %>p & cle> & r>e 9 mid-w9t]1 :5 ! emanations f ! e>? h9d] electricks less1 & ! electrick bodies become 99 m firmly indurat$2 ab\t :i* h]eaft]4 ,^! sub/ances draw ev]y?+1 n /raws & *aff only#abe1 b all metals1 woods1 leaves1 /ones1 e>?s1 ev5 wat] & oil1 & ev]y?+ :i* is subject to our s5ses1 or is solid2 al?\gh "s write t amb] does n attract any?+ b *aff & c]ta9 twigs2 7:]e=e ,alex&] ,aphrodiseus falsely decl>es ! "q ( amb] to be inexplicable1 because x attracts dry *aff only1 & n basil leaves#abf71 b ^! are ! utt]ly false & disgraceful tales ( ! writ]s4 ,b 9 ord] t y may be able cle>ly to te/ h[ su* attraction occurs#abg1 & :at ^? mat]ials#abh are :i* ?us entice o!r bodies 7= ev5 if bodies incl9e t[>ds "s ( ^!1 yet on acc\nt ( weakness !y seem n to be rais$ by !m1 b are m easily turn$71 make y\rself a v]sorium ( any metal y l1 ?ree or f\r digits 9 l5g?1 re/+ r lightly on its po9t ( support aft] ! mann] ( a magnetick ne$le1 to "o end ( :i* br+ up a piece ( amb] or a smoo? #di ,illu/ration & poli%$ gem :i* has be5 g5tly rubb$2 = ! v]sorium turns =?)4 ,_m ?+s are !reby se5 to attract1 bo? ^? :i* are =m$ by nature alone1 & ^? :i* are by art prep>$1 fus$1 & mix$2 nor is ?is s mu* a s+ul> prop]ty ( "o or two ?+s 7z is commonly suppos$71 b ! manife/ nature ( v _m1 bo? ( simple sub/ances1 rema9+ m]ely 9 _! own =m1 & ( compositions1 z ( h>d seal+-wax1 ( c]ta9 o!r mixtures besides1 made ( unctu\s /uffs4 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 inve/igate m fully :5ce t t5d5cy arises1 & :at ^? =ces be1 conc]n+ :i* a few m5 h br\ght =w>d v little1 ! cr[d ( philosophiz]s no?+ at all4 ,by ,gal5 ?ree k9ds ( attractives 9 g5]al 7 recogniz$ 9 nature3 a ,fir/ class ( ^? sub/ances :i* attract by _! elem5tal quality1 namely1 heat2 ! ,second is ! class ( ^? :i* attract by ! succession ( a vacuum2 ! ,?ird is ! class ( ^? :i* attract by a prop]ty ( _! :ole sub/ance1 :i* are also quot$ by ,avic5na & o!rs4 ,^! classes1 h[ev]1 _c 9 any way satisfy u2 !y nei!r embrace ! causes ( amb]1 jet1 & diamond1 & ( o!r simil> sub/ances 7:i* d]ive _! =ces on acc\nt ( ! same virtue72 nor ( ! load/one1 & ( all magnetick sub/ances1 :i* obta9 _! virtue by a v dissimil> & ali5 influ5ce f !m1 d]iv$ f o!r s\rces4 ,:]e=e also x is fitt+ t we f9d o!r causes ( ! motions1 or else we mu/ w&] 7z 9 d>kness71 ) ^! m51 & 9 no way rea* ! goal4 ,amb] truly does99 n allure by heat1 s9ce if w>m$ by fire & br\ght ne> /raws1 x does n attract !m1 :e!r x be tepid1 or hot1 or gl[+1 or ev5 :5 =c$ into ! flame4 ,c>dan 7z also ,pictorio7 reckons t ?is happ5s 9 no diff]5t way#abi ?an ) ! cupp+-glass1 by ! =ce ( fire4 ,yet ! attract+ =ce ( ! cupp+-glass does n really come f ! =ce ( fire4 ,b he _h previ\sly said t ! dry sub/ance wi%$ to imbibe fatty hum\r1 & !re=e x 0 borne t[>ds x4 ,b ^! /atem5ts are at v>iance ) "o ano!r1 & also =eign to reason4 ,= if amb] _h mov$ t[>ds its food1 or if o!r bodies _h incl9$ t[>ds amb] z t[>ds prov5d]1 !re w\ld h be5 a dim9ution ( ! "o :i* 0 dev\r$1 j z !re w\ld h be5 a gr[? ( ! o!r :i* 0 sat$4 ,!n :y %\ld an attractive =ce ( fire be look$ = 9 amb]8 ,if ! attraction exi/$ f heat1 :y %\ld n v _m o!r bodies also attract1 if w>m$ by fire1 by ! sun1 or by friction8 ,nei!r c ! attraction be on acc\nt ( ! dissipat+ ( ! air1 :5 x takes place 9 op5 air 7yet ,lucretius ! poet adduces ?is z ! reason = magnetical motions74 ,nor 9 ! cupp+-glass c heat or fire attract by fe$+ on air3 9 ! cupp+-glass air1 hav+ be5 exhau/$ into flame1 #ej :5 x cond5ses aga9 & is =c$ into a n>r[ space1 makes ! sk9 & fle% rise 9 avoid+ a vacuum4 ,9 ! op5 air w>m ?+s _c attract1 n metals ev5 or /ones1 if !y %\ld 99 be /rongly inc&esc5t by fire4 ,= a rod ( gl[+ iron1 or a flame1 or a c&le1 or a blaz+ tor*1 or a live coal1 :5 !y are br\ght ne> to /raws1 or to a v]sorium1 d n attract2 yet at ! same "t !y manife/ly call 9 ! air 9 succession2 because !y consume x1 z lamps d oil4 ,b conc]n+ heat1 h[ x is reckon$ by ! cr[d ( philosophiz]s1 9 natural philosophy & 9 mat]ia m$ica to ex]t an attraction o!rwise ?an nature all[s1 to :i* true attractions are falsely imput$1 we w discuss m at l5g? else:]e1 :5 we %all det]m9e :at are ! prop]ties ( heat & cold4 ,!y are v g5]al qualities or k9%ips ( a sub/ance1 & yet are n to be assign$ z true causes1 &1 if ,i may say s1 ^? philosophiz]s utt] "s res\nd+ words2 b ab\t ! ?+ itself prove no?+ 9 p>ticul>4 ,nor does ?is attraction accr$it$ to amb] arise f any s+ul> quality ( ! sub/ance or k9%ip1 s9ce by m ?or\gh rese>* we f9d ! same effect 9 v _m o!r bodies2 & all bodies1 moreov]1 ( :atev] quality1 are allur$ by all ^? bodies4 ,simil>ity also is n ! cause2 because all ?+s ar\nd u plac$ on ?is globe ( ! e>?1 simil> & dissimil>1 are allur$ by amb] & bodies ( ?is k9d2 & on t acc\nt no cog5t analogy is to be drawn ei!r f simil>ity or id5tity ( sub/ance4 ,b nei!r d simil>s mutually attract "o ano!r1 z /one /one1 fle% fle%1 nor aught else outside ! class ( magneticks & electricks4 ,fraca/orio w\ld h x t ?+s :i* mutually attract "o ano!r are simil>s1 z be+ ( ! same species1 ei!r 9 action or 9 "r subjection4 ,"r subjection is t f :i* is emitt$ ! emanation :i* attracts & :i* 9 mixtures (t5 lies hidd5 on acc\nt ( _! lack ( =m1 by reason ( :i* !y are (t5 diff]5t 9 act f :at !y are 9 pot5cy4 ,h5ce x may be t hairs & twigs move t[>ds amb] & t[>ds diamond1 n because !y are hairs1 b because ei!r !re is %ut up 9 !m air or "s o!r pr9ciple1 :i* is attract$ 9 ! fir/ place1 & :i* be>s "s relation & analogy to t :i* attracts ( itself2 9 :i* diamond & amb] agree ?r\gh a pr9ciple common to ea*4 ,?us f> ,fraca/orio4 ,:o if he _h obs]v$ by a l>ge numb] ( exp]im5ts t all bodies are drawn to electricks except ^? :i* are agl[ & aflame1 & highly r>efi$1 w\ld nev] h giv5 a ?\ght to su* ?+s4 ,x is easy = m5 ( acute intellect1 ap>t f exp]im5ts & practice1 to slip & err4 ,9 great] error d !y rema9 sunk :o ma9ta9 ^! same sub/ances to be n simil>1 b to be sub/ances ne> ak92 & hold t on t acc\nt a ?+ moves t[>ds ano!r1 its l1 by :i* x is br\ght to m p]fection4 ,b ^! are #ea ill-consid]$ views2 = t[>ds all electricks all ?+s move#acj except su* z are aflame or are too highly r>efi$1 z air1 :i* is ! univ]sal effluvium ( ?is globe & ( ! _w4 ,vegetable sub/ances draw moi/ure by :i* _! %oots are rejoic$ & gr[2 f analogy ) t1 h[ev]1 ,hippocrates1 9 8 ,de ,natura ,hom9is1 ,book ,i41 wrongly conclud$ t ! purg+ ( morbid hum\r took place by ! specifick =ce ( ! drug4 ,conc]n+ ! action & pot5cy ( purgatives we %all speak else:]e4 ,wrongly also is attraction inf]r$ 9 o!r effects2 z 9 ! case ( a flagon full ( wat]1 :5 buri$ 9 a heap ( :eat1 al?\gh well /opp]$1 ! moi/ure is drawn out2 s9ce ?is moi/ure is r resolv$ into vap\r by ! emanation ( ! f]m5t+ :eat1 & ! :eat imbibes ! fre$ vap\r4 ,nor d elephants' tusks attract moi/ure1 b drive x into vap\r or absorb x4 ,?us !n v _m ?+s are said to attract1 ! reasons = ^: en]gy mu/ be s\ght f o!r causes4 ,amb] 9 a fairly l>ge mass allures1 if99 x is poli%$2 9 a small] mass or less pure x seems n to attract )\t friction4 ,b v _m electricks 7z preci\s /ones & "s o!r sub/ances7 d n attract at all unless rubb$4 ,on ! o!r h& _m gems1 z well z o!r bodies1 are poli%$1 yet d99 n allure1 & by no am\nt ( friction are !y ar\s$2 ?us ! em]ald1 agate1 c>nelian1 pe>ls1 jasp]1 *alc$ony1 alaba/]1 porphyry1 coral1 ! m>bles1 t\*/one1 fl9t1 blood/one1 em]y#aca1 d n acquire any p[]2 nor d bones1 or ivory1 or ! h>de/ woods1 z ebony1 nor d c$>1 junip]1 or cypress2 nor d metals1 silv]1 gold1 brass1 iron1 nor any load/one1 ?\gh _m ( !m are f9ely poli%$ & %9e4 ,b on ! o!r h& !re are "s o!r poli%$ sub/ances ( :i* we h spok5 be=e1 t[>d :i*1 :5 !y h be5 rubb$1 bodies incl9e4 ,?is we %all und]/& only :5 we h m closely look$ into ! prime orig9 ( bodies4 ,x is pla9 to all1 & all admit1 t ! mass ( ! e>?1 or r ! /ructure & cru/ ( ! e>?1 consi/s ( a tw(old mat]ial1 namely1 ( fluid & humid matt]1 & ( mat]ial ( m consi/5cy & dry4 ,f ?is tw(old nature or ! m simple compact+ ( "o1 v>i\s sub/ances take _! rise among u1 :i* orig9ate 9 great] proportion n[ f ! e>?y1 n[ f ! aque\s nature4 ,^? sub/ances :i* h receiv$ _! *ief gr[? f moi/ure1 :e!r aque\s or fatty1 or h tak5 on _! =m by a simpl] compact+ f !m1 or h be5 compact$ f ^! same mat]ials 9 long ages1 if !y h a suffici5tly firm h>dness1 if rubb$ aft] !y h be5 poli%$ & :5 !y rema9 bright ) ! friction--t[>ds ^? sub/ances ev]y?+1 if pres5t$ to !m 9 ! air1 turns1 if its too heavy weight does n prev5t x4 ,= amb] has be5 compact$ ( moi/ure1 & jet also4 ,lucid gems are made ( wat]2 j z ,cry/al#acb1 :i* has be5 concret$ f cle> wat]1 n #eb always by a v great cold1 z "s us$ to judge1 & by v h>d fro/1 b sometimes by a less sev]e "o1 ! nature ( ! soil fa%ion+ x1 ! hum\r or juices be+ %ut up 9 def9ite cavities1 9 ! way 9 :i* sp>s are produc$ 9 m9es4 ,s cle> glass is fus$ out ( s&1 & f o!r sub/ances1 :i* h _! orig9 9 humid juices4 ,b ! dross ( metals1 z also metals1 /ones1 rocks1 woods1 conta9 e>? r1 or are mix$ ) a good deal ( e>?2 99 & !re=e !y d n attract4 ,cry/al1 mica1 glass1 & all electricks d n attract if !y are burnt or roa/$2 = _! primordial supplies ( moi/ure p]i% by heat1 & are *ang$ & exhal$4 ,all ?+s !re=e :i* h sprung f a pr$om9ant moi/ure & are firmly concret$1 & reta9 ! appe>ance ( sp> & its respl5d5t nature 9 a firm & compact body1 allure all bodies1 :e!r humid or dry4 ,^?1 h[ev]1 :i* p>take ( ! true e>?-sub/ance or are v little diff]5t f x1 are se5 to attract also1 b f a f> diff]5t reason1 & 7s to say7 magnetically2 conc]n+ ^! we int5d to speak aft]w>ds4 ,b ^? sub/ances :i* are m mix$ ( wat] & e>?1 & are produc$ by ! equal degradation ( ea* elem5t 79 :i* ! magnetick =ce ( ! e>? is de=m$ & rema9s buri$2 :ile ! wat]y hum\r1 be+ f\l$ by jo9+ ) a m pl5tiful supply ( e>?1 has n concret$ 9 itself b is m+l$ ) e>?y matt]71 c 9 no way ( !mselves attract or move f its place any?+ :i* !y d n t\*4 ,on ?is acc\nt metals1 m>bles1 fl9ts1 woods1 h]bs1 fle%1 & v _m o!r ?+s c nei!r allure nor solicit any body ei!r magnetically or electrically4 7,= x pleases u to call t an electrick =ce1 :i* ha? 99 its orig9 f ! hum\r47 ,b sub/ances consi/+ mo/ly ( hum\r1 & :i* are n v firmly compact$ by nature 7:]eby d !y nei!r be> rubb+1 b ei!r melt d[n & become s(t1 or are n levigable1 su* z pit*1 ! s(t] k9ds ( res91 camphor1 galbanum1 ammoniack#acc1 /orax1 asafoetida1 b5zo91 asphaltum1 especially 9 r w>m wea!r7 t[>ds !m small bodies are n borne2 = )\t rubb+ mo/ electricks d n 99 emit _! peculi> & native exhalation & effluvium4 ,! res9 turp5t9e :5 liquid does n attract2 = x _c be rubb$2 b if x has h>d5$ into a ma/ick x does attract4 ,b n[ at l5g? we mu/ und]/& :y small bodies turn t[>ds ^? sub/ances :i* h drawn _! orig9 f wat]2 by :at =ce & ) :at h&s 7s to speak7 electricks seize ^u k9dr$ natures4 ,9 all bodies 9 ! _w two causes or pr9ciples h be5 laid d[n1 f :i* ! bodies !mselves 7 produc$1 matt] & =m#acd4 ,electrical motions become /rong f matt]1 b magnetick f =m *iefly2 & !y diff] widely f "o ano!r & turn out unlike1 s9ce ! "o is ennobl$ by num]\s virtues & is prepot5t2 ! o!r is ignoble & ( less pot5cy1 & #ec mo/ly re/ra9$1 z x 71 )9 c]ta9 b>ri]s2 & !re=e t =ce mu/ at times be ar\s$ by attrition or friction1 until x is at a dull heat & gives (f an effluvium & a poli% is induc$ on ! body4 ,= sp5t air1 ei!r bl[n out ( ! m\? or giv599 (f f moi/] air1 *okes ! virtue4 ,if inde$ ei!r a %eet ( pap] or a piece ( l95 be int]pos$1 !re w be no movem5t4 ,b a load/one1 )\t friction or heat1 :e!r dry or suffus$ ) moi/ure1 z well 9 air z 9 wat]1 invites magneticks1 ev5 ) ! mo/ solid bodies int]pos$1 ev5 planks ( wood or pretty ?ick slabs ( /one or %eets ( metal4 ,a load/one appeals to magneticks99 only2 t[>ds electricks all ?+s move4 ,a load/one#ace raises great weights2 s t if !re is a load/one weigh+ two ounces & /rong1 x attracts half an ounce or a :ole ounce4 ,an electrical sub/ance only attracts v small weights2 z1 = in/ance1 a piece ( amb] ( ?ree ounces weight1 :5 rubb$1 sc>ce raises a f\r? "p ( a gra9 ( b>ley4 ,b ?is attraction ( amb] & ( electrical sub/ances mu/ be fur!r inve/igat$2 & s9ce !re is ?is p>ticul> affection ( matt]1 x may be ask$ :y is amb] rubb$1 & :at affection is produc$ by ! rubb+1 & :at causes arise :i* make x lay hold on ev]y?+8 ,z a result ( friction x gr[s slightly w>m & becomes smoo?2 two results :i* mu/ (t5 occur toge!r4 ,a l>ge poli%$ fragm5t ( amb] or jet attracts inde$1 ev5 )\t friction1 b less /rongly2 b if x be br\ght g5tly ne> a flame or a live coal1 s t x equally becomes w>m1 x does n attract small bodies because99 x is envelop$ 9 a cl\d f ! body ( ! flam+ sub/ance1 :i* emits a hot brea?1 & !n imp+es ^u x vap\r f a =eign body :i* = ! mo/ "p is at v>iance ) ! nature ( amb]4 ,moreov] ! _s ( ! amb] :i* is call$ =? is enfeebl$ by ali5 heat2 :]e=e x ought n to h heat except+ t produc$ by motion only & friction1 &1 z x 71 its own1 n s5t into x by o!r bodies4 ,= z ! igne\s heat emitt$ f any burn+ sub/ance _c be s us$ t electricks may acquire _! =ce f x2 s also heat f ! sol> rays does n fit an electrick by ! loos5+ ( its99 "r mat]ial1 because x dissipates r & consumes x 7albeit a body :i* has be5 rubb$ reta9s its virtue long] expos$ to ! rays ( ! sun ?an 9 ! %ade2 because 9 ! %ade ! effluvia are cond5s$ to a great] degree & m quickly74 ,!n aga9 ! f]v\r f ! light ( ! ,sun ar\s$ by means ( a99 burn+ mirror conf]s no vig\r on ! heat$ amb]#acf2 inde$ x dissipates & corrupts all ! electrick effluvia4 ,aga91 burn+99 sulphur & h>d wax1 made f %ell-lac1 :5 aflame d n allure2 = heat f friction resolves bodies into effluvia1 :i* flame consumes away4 ,= x is impossible = solid electricks to be resolv$ into _! own true effluvia o!rwise ?an by attrition1 save #ed 9 ! case ( c]ta9 sub/ances :i* by reason ( innate vig\r emit effluvia con/antly4 ,!y are rubb$ ) bodies :i* d n bef\l _! surface1 & :i* produce a poli%1 z pretty /iff silk or a r\gh wool rag :i* is z little soil$ z possible1 or ! dry palm4 ,amb] also is rubb$ ) amb]1 ) diamond1 & ) glass1 & num]\s o!r sub/ances4 ,?us are electricks manipulat$4 ,^! ?+s be+ s1 :at is x :i* moves8 ,is x ! body itself1 inclos$ )9 its own circumf]5ce8 ,or is x some?+ imp]ceptible to u1 :i* fl[s out f ! sub/ance into ! ambi5t air8 ,some:at z ,plut>* op9es1 say+ 9 8 ,qu/iones ,platonic#acg3 ,t !re is 9 amb] some?+ flammable or some?+ hav+ ! nature ( brea?1 & ?is by ! attrition ( ! surface be+ emitt$ f its relax$ pores attracts bodies4 ,& if x be an effusion does x seize ^u ! air ^: motion ! bodies foll[1 or ^u ! bodies !mselves8 ,b if amb] allur$ ! body itself1 !n :at ne$ 7 !re ( friction1 if x is b>e & smoo?8 ,nor does ! =ce arise f ! light :i* is reflect$ f a smoo? & poli%$ body2 = a ,gem ( ,v9c5t's rock#ach1 ,diamond1 & cle> glass1 attract :5 !y are r\gh2 b n s p[]fully & quickly1 because !y are n s readily cleans$ f extrane\s moi/ure on ! surface1 & are n rubb$ equally s z to be copi\sly resolv$ at t "p4 ,nor does ! sun by its own beams ( light & its rays1 :i* are ( capital importance 9 nature1 attract bodies 9 ?is way2 & yet ! h]d ( philosophiz]s consid]s t hum\rs are attract$ by ! sun1 :5 x is only d5s] hum\rs t are be+ turn$ into ?9n]1 into _s & air2 & s by ! motion ( effusion !y asc5d into ! upp] regions1 or ! att5uat$ exhalations are rais$ up f ! d5s] air4 ,nor does x seem to take place f ! effluvia att5uat+ ! air1 s t bodies impell$ by ! d5s] air p5etrate t[>ds ! s\rce ( ! r>efaction2 9 ?is case bo? hot & flam+ bodies w\ld also allure o!r bodies2 b n ev5 ! lighte/ *aff1 or any v]sorium moves t[>ds a flame4 ,if !re is a fl[ & ru% ( air t[>ds ! body1 h[ c a small diamond ( ! size ( a pea#aci summon t[>ds itself s mu* air1 t x seizes hold ( a biggi% long body plac$ 9 equilibrio 7! air ab\t "o or o!r v small "p ( an end be+ attract$78 ,x ought also to h slopp$ or mov$ m sl[ly1 be=e x came into contact ) ! body1 especially if ! piece ( amb] 0 r broad & flat1 f ! accumulation ( air on ! surface ( ! amb] & its fl[+ back aga94 ,if x is because ! effluvia are ?9n]1 & d5s] vap\rs come 9 return1 z 9 brea?+1 !n ! body w\ld r h _h a motion t[>d ! electrick a little :ile aft] ! beg9n+ ( ! application2 b :5 electricks :i* h be5 rubb$ are appli$ quickly to 99 a v]sorium !n especially at once !y act on ! v]sorium1 & x is attract$ m :5 ne> !m4 ,b if x is because ! r>efi$ #ee effluvia produce a r>efi$ m$ium1 & on t acc\nt bodies are m prone to slip d[n f a d5s] to a m att5uat$ m$ium2 !y might h be5 c>ri$ f ! side 9 ?is way or d[nw>ds1 b n to bodies above !m2 or ! attraction & appreh5sion ( contigu\s bodies w\ld h be5 mom5t>y only4 ,b ) a s+le friction jet & amb] draw & attract bodies to !m /rongly & = a long "t1 sometimes = ! twelf? "p ( an h\r1 especially 9 cle> wea!r4 ,b if ! mass ( amb] be r l>ge1 & ! surface poli%$1 x attracts )\t friction4 ,fl9t is rubb$ & emits by attrition an inflammable matt] t turns into sp>ks & heat4 ,!re=e ! d5s] effluvia ( fl9t produc+ fire are v f> diff]5t f electrical effluvia1 :i* on acc\nt ( _! extreme att5uation d n take fire1 nor are fit mat]ial = flame4 ,^? effluvia are n ( ! nature ( brea?1 = :5 emitt$ !y d n propel any?+1 b are exhal$ )\t s5sible resi/ance & t\* bodies4 ,!y are highly att5uat$ hum\rs mu* m subtile ?an ! ambi5t air2 & 9 ord] t !y may occur1 bodies are requir$ produc$ f hum\r & concret$ ) a consid]able degree ( h>dness4 ,non-electrick bodies are n resolv$ into humid effluvia1 & ^? effluvia mix ) ! common & g5]al effluvia ( ! e>?1 & are n peculi>4 ,also besides ! attraction ( bodies1 !y reta9 !m long]4 ,x is probable !re=e t amb] does exhale some?+ peculi> to 99 itself1 :i* allures bodies !mselves1 n ! int]m$iate air4 ,inde$ x pla9ly does draw ! body itself 9 ! case ( a sph]ical drop ( wat] /&+ on a dry surface2 = a piece ( amb] appli$ to x at a suitable di/ance pulls ! ne>e/ p>ts out ( _! position & draws x up into a cone2 o!rwise1 if x 7 99 drawn by means ( ! air ru%+ along1 ! :ole drop w\ld h mov$4 ,t x does n attract ! air is ?us demon/rat$3 take a v ?9 wax c&le1 :i* makes a v small & cle> flame2 br+ up to ?is1 )9 two digits or any conv5i5t di/ance1 a piece ( amb] or jet1 a broad flat piece1 well prep>$ 99 & skilfully rubb$1 su* a piece ( amb] z w\ld attract bodies f> & wide1 yet x does n di/urb ! flame2 :i* ( necessity w\ld h occurr$1 if ! air 0 di/urb$1 = ! flame w\ld h foll[$ ! curr5t ( air4 ,z f> z ! effluvia are s5t out1 s f> x allures2 b z a body approa*es1 its motion is accel]at$1 /rong] =ces draw+ x2 z also 9 ! case ( magneticks & 9 all natural motion2 n by att5uat+ or by expell+ ! air1 s t ! body moves d[n into ! place ( ! air :i* has gone out#adj2 = ?us x w\ld h allur$ only & w\ld n h reta9$2 s9ce x w\ld at fir/ also h repell$ approa*+ bodies j z x drives ! air itself2 b inde$ a p>ticle1 be x ev] s small1 does n avoid ! fir/ application made v quickly aft] rubb+4 ,an effluvium exhales f amb] & is emitt$ by rubb+3 pe>ls1 c>nelian1 agate1 jasp]1 *alc$ony1 coral1 metals1 #ef & o!r sub/ances ( t k9d1 :5 !y are rubb$1 produce no effect4 ,is !re n also some?+ :i* is exhal$ f !m by heat & attrition8 ,mo/ truly2 b f gross] bodies m bl5d$ ) ! e>?y nature1 t :i* is exhal$ is gross & sp5t2 = ev5 t[>ds v _m electricks1 if !y are rubb$ 99 too h>d1 !re is produc$ b a weak attraction ( bodies1 or none at all2 ! attraction is be/ :5 ! rubb+ has be5 g5tle & v quick2 = s ! f9e/ effluvia are evok$4 ,! effluvia arise f ! subtile diffusion ( hum\r1 n f excessive & turbul5t viol5ce2 especially 9 ! case ( ^? sub/ances :i* h be5 compact$ f unctu\s matt]1 :i* :5 ! atmosph]e is v ?91 :5 ! ,nor? w9ds1 & among/ u 7,engli%7 ! ,ea/ w9ds1 are bl[+1 h a sur] & firm] effect1 b dur+ ,s\? w9ds & 9 damp wea!r1 only a weak "o2 s t ^? 99 sub/ances :i* attract ) difficulty 9 cle> wea!r1 9 ?ick wea!r produce no motion at all2 bo? because 9 gross] air light] sub/ances move ) great] difficulty2 & especially because ! effluvia are /ifl$1 & ! surface ( ! body t has be5 rubb$ is affect$ by ! sp5t hum\r ( ! air1 & ! effluvia are /opp$ at _! v />t+4 ,on t acc\nt 9 ! case ( amb]1 jet1 & sulphur1 because !y d n s easily take up moi/ air on _! surface & are mu* m pl5te\sly set free1 t =ce is n s quickly suppress$ z 9 gems1 cry/al1 glass1 & sub/ances ( t k9d :i* collect on _! surface ! moi/] brea? :i* has gr[n heavy4 ,b x may be ask$ :y does amb] allure wat]1 :5 wat] plac$ on its surface removes its action8 ,evid5tly because x is "o ?+ to suppress x at its v />t1 & q ano!r to ext+ui% x :5 x has be5 99 emitt$4 ,s also ?9 & v f9e silk1 9 common language ,s>c5et1 plac$ quickly on ! amb]1 aft] x has be5 rubb$1 99 h9d]s ! attraction ( ! body2 b if x is int]pos$ 9 ! int]v5+ space1 x does n entirely ob/ruct x4 ,moi/ure also f sp5t air1 & any brea? bl[n f ! m\?1 z well z wat] put on ! amb]1 imm$iately ext+ui%es its =ce4 ,b oil1 :i* is light & pure1 does n h9d] x2 = al?\gh amb] 99 be rubb$ ) a w>m f+] dipp$ 9 oil1 /ill x attracts4 ,b 99 if t amb]1 aft] ! rubb+1 is moi/5$ ) aqua vit or spirits ( w9e1 x does n attract2 = x is heavi] ?an oil1 d5s]1 & :5 add$ to oil s9ks b5ea? x4 ,= oil is light & r>e1 & does n resi/ ! mo/ delicate effluvia4 ,a brea? !re=e1 proce$+ f a body :i* _h be5 compact$ f hum\r or f a wat]y liquid1 rea*es ! body to be attract$2 ! body t is rea*$ is unit$ ) ! attract+ body1 & ! "o body ly+ ne> ! o!r )9 ! peculi> radius ( its effluvia makes "o out ( two2 unit$1 !y come toge!r into ! close/ accord1 & ?is is commonly call$ attraction4 ,?is unity1 accord+ to #eg ! op9ion ( ,py?agoras1 is ! pr9ciple ( all ?+s1 & ?r\gh p>ticipation 9 x ea* sev]al ?+ is said to be "o4 ,= s9ce no action c take place by means ( matt] unless by contact1 ^! electricks are n se5 to t\*1 b1 z 0 necess>y1 some?+ is s5t f ! "o to ! o!r1 some?+ :i* may t\* closely & be ! beg9n+ ( t incitem5t4 ,all bodies are unit$ &1 z x 71 cem5t$ toge!r 9 "s way by moi/ure2 s t a wet body1 :5 x t\*es ano!r body1 attracts x1 if x is small4 ,s wet bodies on ! surface ( wat] attract wet bodies4 ,b ! peculi> electrical effluvia1 :i* are ! mo/ subtile mat]ial ( diffuse hum\r1 entice corpuscles4 ,air 7! common effluvium ( ! e>?7 n only unites ! disjo9t$ p>ts1 b ! e>? calls bodies back to itself by means ( ! int]v5+ air2 o!rwise bodies :i* are 9 high] places w\ld n s eag]ly make = ! e>?4 ,electrical effluvia diff] greatly f air2 & z air is ! effluvium ( ! e>?1 s electricks h _! own effluvia & prop]ties1 ea* ( !m hav+ by reason ( its peculi> effluvia a s+ul> t5d5cy t[>d unity1 a motion t[>d its orig9 & f\nt1 & t[>d ! body emitt+ ! effluvia4 ,b ^? sub/ances :i* by attrition emit a gross or vap\r\s or a]i=m effluvium produce no effect2 = ei!r su* effluvia are ali5 to ! hum\r 7! unit] ( all ?+s71 or be+ v l common air are bl5d$ ) ! air & int]m+le ) ! air1 :]e=e !y produce no effect 9 ! air1 & d n cause motions diff]5t f ^? s univ]sal & common 9 nature4 ,9 l mann] 99 bodies /rive to be unit$ & move on ! surface ( wat]1 j ,illu/ration z ! rod ,c1 :i* is put a little way "u wat]4 ,x is pla9 t ! rod ,e ,f1 :i* floats on ! wat] by reason ( ! cork ,h1 & only has its wet end ,f above ! surface ( ! wat]1 is attract$ by ! rod ,c1 if ! rod ,c is wet a little above ! surface ( ! wat]2 !y are sudd5ly unit$1 j z a drop adjo9+ a drop is attract$4 ,s a wet ?+ on ! surface ( wat] seeks union ) a wet ?+1 s9ce ! surface ( ! wat] is rais$ on bo?2 & !y imm$iately fl[ toge!r1 j l drops or bubbles4 ,b !y are 9 mu* great] proximity ?an electricks1 & are unit$ by _! clammy natures4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! :ole rod be dry 99 above ! wat]1 x no long] attracts1 b drives away ! /ick ,e ,f4 ,! same is se5 9 ^? bubbles also :i* are made on #eh wat]4 ,= we see "o drive t[>ds ano!r1 & ! quick] ! ne>] !y are4 ,solids are impell$ t[>ds solids by ! m$ium ( liquid3 = example1 t\* ! end ( a v]sorium ) ! end ( a rod on :i* a drop ( wat] is project+2 z soon z ! v]sorium t\*es ! top ( ! droplet1 imm$iately x is jo9$ 99 /rongly by a swift motion to ! body ( ! rod4 ,s concret$ humid ?+s attract :5 a little resolv$ into air 7! effluvia 9 ! int]m$iate space t5d+ to produce unity72 = wat] has on wet bodies1 or on bodies wet ) abundant moi/ure on ! top ( wat]1 ! =ce ( an effluvium4 ,cle> air is a conv5i5t m$ium = an electrical effluvium excit$ f concret$ hum\r4 ,wet bodies project+ above ! surface ( wat] 7if !y are ne>7 run toge!r s t !y may unite2 = ! surface ( ! wat] is rais$ ar\nd wet sub/ances4 ,b a dry ?+ is n impell$ to a wet "o1 nor a wet to a dry1 b seems to run away4 ,= if all is dry above ! wat]1 ! surface ( ! wat] close to x does n rise1 b %uns x1 ! wave s9k+ ar\nd a dry ?+4 ,s nei!r does a wet ?+ move t[>ds ! dry rim ( a vessel2 b x seeks ,illu/ration a wet rim4 ,a ,b is ! surface ( ! wat]2 ,c ,d two rods1 :i* /& up wet above ! wat]2 x is manife/ t ! surface ( ! wat] is rais$ at ,c & ,d along ) ! rods2 & !re=e ! rod ,c1 by reason ( ! wat] /&+ up 7:i* seeks its level & unity71 moves ) ! wat] to ,d4 ,on ,e1 on ! o!r h&1 a wet rod1 ! wat] also rises2 b on ! dry rod ,f ! surface is depress$2 & z x drives to depress also ! wave ris+ on ,e 9 its neighb\rhood1 ! high] wave at ,e turns away f ,f#ada2 = x does n suff] itself to be depress$4 ,all electrical attraction occurs ?r\gh an int]v5+ hum\r2 s x is by reason ( hum\r t all ?+s mutually come toge!r2 fluids inde$ & aque\s bodies on ! surface ( wat]1 b concret$ ?+s1 if !y h be5 resolv$ into vap\r1 9 air2--9 air inde$1 ! effluvium ( electricks be+ v r>e1 t x may ! bett] p]meate ! m$ium & n impel x by its motion2 = if t effluvium _h be5 ?ick1 z t ( air1 or ( ! w9ds1 or ( saltpetre burnt by fire1 z ! ?ick & f\l effluvia giv5 out ) v great =ce1 f o!r bodies1 or air set free f hum\r by heat ru%+ out ?r\gh a pipe 79 ! in/rum5t ( ,h]o ( ,alex&ria1 describ$ 9 8 #ei book ,spiritalia71 !n ! effluvium w\ld drive ev]y?+ away1 n allure x4 ,b ^? r>] effluvia take hold ( bodies & embrace !m z if ) arms ext5d$1 ) ! electricks to :i* !y are unit$2 & !y are drawn to ! s\rce1 ! effluvia increas+ 9 /r5g? ) ! proximity4 ,b :at is t effluvium f cry/al1 glass1 & diamond1 s9ce ^! are bodies ( consid]able h>dness & firmly concret$8 ,9 ord] t su* an effluvium %\ld be produc$1 !re is no ne$ ( any m>k$ or p]ceptible flux#adb ( ! sub/ance2 nor is x necess>y t ! electrick %\ld be abrad$1 or worn away1 or de=m$4 ,"s odorif]\s sub/ances are fragrant = _m ye>s1 exhal+ cont9ually1 yet are n quickly consum$4 ,cypress wood z long z x is s\nd1 & x la/s a v long "t inde$1 is r$ol5t2 z _m le>n$ m5 atte/ f exp]i5ce4 ,su* an electrick only = a mom5t1 :5 /imulat$ by friction1 emits p[]s f> m subtile & m f9e beyond all od\rs2 yet sometimes amb]1 jet1 sulphur1 :5 !y are some:at easily let free into vap\r1 also p\r out at ! same "t an od\r2 & on ?is acc\nt !y allure ) ! v g5tle/ rubb+1 (t5 ev5 )\t rubb+2 !y also excite m /rongly1 & reta9 hold = a long] "t1 because !y h /rong] effluvia & la/ long]4 ,b diamond1 glass1 rock-cry/al1 99 & num]\s o!rs ( ! h>d] & firmly concret$ gems fir/ gr[ w>m3 !re=e at fir/ !y are rubb$ long]1 & !n !y also attract /rongly2 nor are !y o!rwise set free into vap\r4 ,ev]y?+ ru%es t[>ds electricks#adc except+ flame1 & flam+ bodies1 & ! ?9ne/ air4 ,j z !y d n draw flame1 9 l mann] !y d n affect a v]sorium1 if on any side x is v ne> to a flame1 ei!r ! flame ( a lamp or ( any burn+ matt]4 ,x is manife/ inde$ t ! effluvia are de/roy$ by flame & igne\s 99 heat2 & !re=e !y attract nei!r flame nor bodies v ne> a flame4 ,= electrical effluvia h ! virtue (1 & are analog\s )1 ext5uat$ hum\r2 b !y w produce _! effect1 union & cont9uity1 n by ! ext]nal impulse ( vap\rs1 n by heat & att5uation ( heat$ bodies1 b by _! humidity itself att5uat$ into its own peculi> effluvia4 ,yet !y entice 99 smoke s5t out by an ext+ui%$ light2 & ! m t smoke is att5uat$ 9 seek+ ! upp] regions1 ! less /rongly is x turn$ aside2 = ?+s t are too r>efi$ are n drawn to !m2 & at l5g?1 :5 x has n[ almo/ vani%$1 x does n 99 incl9e t[>ds !m at all1 :i* is easily se5 aga9/ ! light4 ,:5 9 fact ! smoke has pass$ into air1 x is n mov$1 z has be5 demon/rat$ be=e4 ,= air itself1 if some:at ?91 is n attract$ 9 any way1 unless on acc\nt ( succe$+ t :i* has vacat$ its place1 z 9 furnaces & su*-l1 :]e ! air is f$ 9 by me*anical devices = draw+ x 94 ,!re=e an effluvium result+ f a non-f\l+ friction1 & "o :i* #fj is n *ang$ by heat1 b :i* is its own1 causes union & coh]5cy1 a preh5sion & a congru5ce t[>ds its s\rce1 if only ! body to be attract$ is n unfitt$ = motion1 ei!r by ! surr\nd+s ( ! bodies or by its own weight4 ,to ! bodies !re=e ( ! electricks !mselves small bodies are borne4 ,! effluvia ext5d out _! virtue--effluvia :i* are prop] & peculi> to !m1 & sui g5]is1 diff]+ f common air1 be+ produc$ f hum\r1 excit$ by a calorifick motion f attrition & att5uation4 ,& z if !y 7 mat]ial rays#add1 !y hold & take up *aff1 /raws1 & twigs1 until !y become ext9ct or vani% away3 & !n !y 7! corpuscles7 be+ loos$ aga91 attract$ by ! e>? itself1 fall d[n to ! e>?4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ,magneticks & ,electricks#ade is t all magneticks run toge!r ) mutual =ces2 electricks only allure2 t :i* is allur$ is n *ang$ by an implant$ =ce1 b t :i* has mov$ up to 99 !m volunt>ily re/s ^u !m by ! law ( matt]4 ,bodies are borne t[>ds electricks 9 a /raight l9e t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! electrick2 a load/one draws a load/one directly at ! poles only1 9 o!r p>ts obliquely & transv]sely1 & 9 ?is way also !y adh]e & hang to "o ano!r4 ,electrical motion is a motion ( aggregation ( matt]2 magnetical motion is "o ( disposition & con=mation4 ,! globe ( ! e>? is aggregat$ & cohres by itself electrically4 ,! globe ( ! e>? is direct$ & turn$ magnetically2 at ! same "t also x bo? cohres1 & 9 ord] t x may be solid1 is 9 its inmo/ p>ts cem5t$ toge!r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,iii4 ,op9ions ( o!rs on ,magnetick ,coition1 :i* !y call ,attraction4 ,discussion hav+ n[ be5 made conc]n+ electricks1 ! causes ( magnetick coition mu/ be set =?4 ,we say coition1 n attraction#adf4 ,! ^w attraction un=tunately crept into magnetick philosophy f ! ignorance ( ! anci5ts2 = !re seems to be =ce appli$ :]e !re is attraction & an imp]i\s viol5ce dom9ates4 ,=1 if ev] !re is talk ab\t magnetick attraction1 we und]/& !reby magnetick coition1 or a prim>y runn+ toge!r4 ,n[ 9 tru? x w n be useless "h fir/ briefly to set =? ! views giv5 by o!rs1 bo? ! anci5t #fa & ! m mod]n writ]s4 ,orpheus 9 8 hymns#adg n>rates t iron is attract$ by load/one z ! bride to ! arms ( h] esp\s$4 ,epicurus holds t iron is attract$ by a load/one j z /raws by amb]2 &1 he adds1 ! ,atoms & indivisible p>ticles :i* are giv5 (f by ! /one & by ! iron fit "o ano!r 9 %ape2 s t !y easily cl+ to "o ano!r2 :5 !re=e ^! solid p>ticles ( /one or ( iron /rike aga9/ "o ano!r1 !n !y reb\nd into space1 be+ br\ght aga9/ "o ano!r by ! way1 & !y draw ! iron along ) !m4 ,b ?is _c be ! case 9 ! lea/2 s9ce solid & v d5se sub/ances int]pos$1 ev5 squ>$ blocks ( m>ble1 d n ob/ruct ?is p[]1 ?\gh !y c sep>ate atoms f atoms2 & ! /one & ! iron w\ld be spe$ily dissipat$ into su* pr(use & p]petual /reams ( atoms4 ,9 ! case ( amb]1 s9ce !re is ano!r diff]5t me?od ( attract+1 ! ,epicurean atoms _c fit "o ano!r 9 %ape4 ,?ales1 z ,ari/otle writes1 ,de ,anima1 ,bk4 ,i41 deem$ ! load/one to be end[$ ) a s\l ( "s sort1 because x _h ! p[] ( mov+ & draw+ iron t[>ds x4 ,anaxagoras also held ! same view4 ,9 ! ,timu ( ,plato !re is an idle fancy#adh ab\t ! efficacy ( ! /one ( ,h]cules4 ,= he says t all fl[+s ( wat]1 likewise ! fall+s ( ?und]bolts1 & ! ?+s :i* are held wond]ful 9 ! attraction ( ,amb]1 & ( ! ,h]culean /one1 are su* t 9 all ^! !re is nev] any attraction2 b s9ce !re is no vacuum1 ! p>ticles drive "o ano!r mutually ar\nd1 & :5 !y are disp]s$ & congregat$ toge!r1 !y all pass1 ea* to its prop] seat1 b ) *ang$ places2 & x is =soo?1 on acc\nt ( ^! int]complicat$ affections t ! effects seem to ar\se ! wond] 9 him :o has rightly inve/igat$ !m4 ,gal5 does n "k :y ,plato %\ld h se5 fit to select ! !ory ( circumpulsion r ?an t ( attraction 7diff]+ almo/ on ?is po9t alone f ,hippocrates71 ?\gh inde$ x does n agree 9 reality ) ei!r reason or exp]im5t4 ,nor inde$ is ei!r ! air or any?+ else circumpell$2 & ! bodies !mselves :i* are attract$ are c>ri$ t[>ds ! attract+ sub/ance n confus$ly1 or 9 an orbe4 ,lucretius1 ! poet ( ! ,epicurean sect1 sang 8 op9ion ( x ?us3 #adi;,fir/1 !n1 "k1 ,ceaseless effluvia f ! magnet fl[1-- ,effluvia1 ^: sup]ior p[]s expel ,! air t lies betwe5 ! /one & /eel4 ,a vacuum =m$1 ! /eely atoms fly ,9 a l9k'd tra91 & all ! void supply2 ,:ile ! :ole r+ to :i* ! tra9 is jo9'd ,! influ5ce owns1 & foll[s close beh9d4 c4 #fb ,su* a reason ,plut>* also alleges 9 ! ,qu/iones ,platonic3 ,t t /one gives (f heavy exhalations1 :]eby ! adjac5t air1 be+ impell$ along1 cond5ses t :i* is 9 front ( x2 & t air1 be+ driv5 r\nd 9 an orbe & rev]t+ to ! place x _h vacat$1 drags ! iron =cibly along ) x4 ,! foll[+ explanation ( ! virtues ( ! load/one & ( amb] is prop\nd$ by ,johannes ,co/u ( ,lodi#aej4 ,= he w\ld h x t !re is mutual "w & mutual result1 & !re=e ! motion is p>tly due to ! attraction ( ! load/one & p>tly to a spontane\s movem5t on ! "p ( ! iron3 ,= z we say t vap\rs issu+ f ! load/one ha/5 by _! own nature to attract ! iron1 s also ! air repell$ by ! vap\rs1 :il/ seek+ a place = itself1 is turn$ back1 & :5 turn$ back1 x impels ! iron1 lifts x up1 z x 71 & c>ries x along2 ! iron be+ ( itself also excit$ someh[4 ,s by be+ drawn out & by a spontane\s motion1 & by /rik+ aga9/ ano!r sub/ance1 !re is 9 "s way produc$ a composite motion1 :i* motion w\ld nev]!less be rightly ref]r$ to attraction1 because ! t]m9us f :i* ?is motion inv>iably beg9s is ! same t]m9us at :i* x ends1 :i* is ! *>act]i/ic prop] ( an attraction4 ,!re is c]ta9ly a mutual action1 n an op]ation1 nor does ! load/one attract 9 t way2 nor is !re any impulsion4 ,b nei!r is !re t orig9ation ( ! motion by ! vap\rs1 & ! turn+ ( !m back1 :i* op9ion ( ,epicurus has s (t5 be5 quot$ by o!rs4 ,gal5 errs 9 8 ,de ,naturalibus ,facultatibus1 ,book ,i41 *ap4 #ad1 :5 he expresses ! view t :atev] ag5ts draw out ei!r ! v5om ( s]p5ts or d>ts also exhibit ! same p[] z ! load/one4 ,n[ ( :at sort may be ! attraction ( su* m$icam5ts 7if inde$ x may be call$ attraction7 we %all consid] else:]e4 ,drugs aga9/ poisons or d>ts h no relation to1 no similitude )1 ! action ( magnetical bodies4 ,! foll[]s ( ,gal5 7:o hold t purgative m$icam5ts attract because ( similitude ( sub/ance7 say t bodies are attract$ on acc\nt ( similitude1 n id5tity1 ( sub/ance2 :]e=e ! load/one draws iron1 b iron does n draw iron4 ,b we decl>e & prove t ?is happ5s 9 prim>y bodies1 & 9 ^? bodies t are pretty closely relat$ to !m & especially l 9 k9d "o to ano!r1 on acc\nt ( _! id5tity2 :]e=e also load/one draws load/one & likewise iron iron2 e really true e>? draws e>?2 & iron =tifi$ by a load/one )9 ! orbe ( ^: virtue x is plac$ draws iron m /rongly ?an x does ! load/one4 ,c>dan asks :y no o!r metal is attract$ by any o!r /one2 because 7he replies7 no metal is s cold z iron2 z if inde$ cold 7 ! cause ( ! attraction1 or z if iron 7 mu* cold] ?an lead1 :i* nei!r foll[s nor is deflect$ t[>ds a load/one4 #fc ,b t is a *illy /ory1 & worse ?an an old woman's tale4 ,s also is ! notion t ! load/one is alive & t iron is its food4 ,b h[ does ! load/one fe$ on ! iron1 :5 ! fil+s 9 :i* x is kept are nei!r consum$ nor become light]8 ,cornelius ,gemma1 ,cosmographia1 ,bk4 ,x4#aea1 holds t ! load/one draws iron to x by ins5sible rays1 to :i* op9ion he conjo9s a /ory ( a suck+ fi% & ano!r ab\t an antelope4 ,guilielmus ,puteanus#aeb d]ives x1 n f any prop]ty ( ! :ole sub/ance unkn[n to any "o & :i* _c be demon/rat$ 9 any way 7z ,gal51 & aft] him almo/ all ! physicians1 h ass]t$71 b f ! ess5tial nature ( ! ?+ itself1 z if mov+ f ! fir/ by itself1 &1 z x 71 by its own mo/ p[]ful nature & f t innate temp]am5t1 z x 7 an in/rum5t1 :i* its sub/ance1 its effective nature uses 9 its op]ations1 or a second>y cause & depriv$ ( its int]m$i>y2 s ! load/one attracts ! iron n )\t a physical cause & = ! sake ( "s good4 ,b !re is no su* ?+ 9 o!r sub/ances spr++ f "s mat]ial =m2 unless x 7 prim>y1 :i* he does n recognize4 ,b c]tes good is %[n to ! load/one by ! /roke ( ! iron 7z x 71 association ) a fri5d72 yet x _c ei!r be discov]$ or conceiv$ h[ t disposition may be ! in/rum5t ( =m4 ,= :at c temp]am5t d 9 magnetical motions1 :i* mu/ be comp>$ ) ! fix$1 def9ite1 con/ant motions ( ! />s1 at great di/ances 9 case ( ! int]position ( v d5se & ?ick bodies8 ,to ,bapti/a ,porta#aec ! load/one seems a sort ( mixture ( /one & iron1 9 su* a way t x is an iron /one or /ony iron4 ,b ,i ?9k 7he says7 ! ,load/one is a mixture ( /one & iron1 z an iron /one1 or a /one ( iron4 ,yet d n ?9k ! /one is s *ang$ into iron1 z to lose its own ,nature1 nor t ! iron is s dr[n$ 9 ! /one1 b x pres]ves itself2 & :il/ "o lab\rs to get ! victory ( ! o!r1 ! attraction is made by ! combat betwe5 !m4 ,9 t body !re is m ( ! /one ?an ( iron2 & !re=e ! iron1 t x may n be subdu$ by ! /one1 desires ! =ce & company ( iron2 t be+ n able to resi/ alone1 x may be able by m help to def5d itself4444 ,! ,load/one draws n /ones1 because x wants !m n1 = !re is /one en\gh 9 ! body ( x2 & if "o ,load/one draw ano!r1 x is n = ! /one1 b = ! iron t is 9 x4 ,z if 9 ! load/one ! iron 7 a di/9ct body & n mix$ up z ! o!r metals 9 _! ores6 ,& t ^!1 be+ s mix$ up1 %\ld fight ) "o ano!r1 & %\ld ext5d _! qu>rel1 & t 9 consequ5ce ( ! battle auxili>y =ces %\ld be call$ 91 is inde$ absurd4 ,b iron itself1 :5 excit$ by a load/one1 seizes iron no less /rongly ?an ! load/one4 ,!re=e ^? fights1 s$itions1 & conspiracies 9 ! /one1 z if x 7 nurs+ up p]petual qu>rels1 #fd :5ce x might seek auxili>y =ces1 are ! rav+s ( a babbl+ old woman1 n ! inv5tions ( a di/+ui%$ mage4 ,o!rs h lit ^u sympa?y z ! cause4 ,!re may be fell[-feel+1 & yet ! cause is n fell[-feel+2 = no passion c rightly be said to be an effici5t cause4 ,o!rs hold lik5ess ( sub/ance1 _m o!rs ins5sible rays z ! cause2 m5 :o also 9 v _m cases (t5 wret*$ly misuse rays1 :i* 7 fir/ introduc$ 9 ! natural sci5ces by ! ma!maticians4 ,m eruditely does ,scalig]#aed say t ! iron moves t[>d ! load/one z if t[>d its p>5t1 by ^: secret pr9ciples x may be p]fect$1 j z ! e>? t[>d its c5tre4 ,! ,div9e ,?omas#aee does n diff] mu* f him1 :5 9 ! #g? book ( 8 ,physica he discusses ! reasons ( motions4 ,9 ano!r way1 he says1 x may be said to attract a ?+1 because x moves x to itself by alt]+ x 9 "s way1 f :i* alt]ation x happ5s t :5 alt]$ x moves accord+ to its position1 & 9 ?is mann] ! load/one is said to attract iron4 ,= z ! p>5t moves ?+s :e!r heavy or light1 9 z f> z x gives !m a =m1 by means ( :i* !y are mov$ to _! place2 s also ! load/one gives a c]ta9 quality to ! iron1 9 accordance ) :i* x moves t[>ds x4 ,?is by no means ill-conceiv$ op9ion ?is mo/ le>n$ man %ortly aft]w>ds endeav\r$ to confirm by ?+s :i* _h obta9$ little cr$5ce respect+ ! load/one & ! adv]se =ces ( g>lick4 ,c>d9al ,cusan#aef also is n to be despis$4 ,iron has1 he says1 9 ! load/one a c]ta9 pr9ciple ( its own efflu5ce2 & :il/ ! load/one by its own pres5ce excites ! heavy & pond]\s iron1 ! iron is borne by a wond]ful ye>n+1 ev5 above ! motion ( nature 7by :i* 9 accordance ) its weight x ought to t5d d[nw>ds7 & moves upw>ds1 9 unit+ itself ) its own pr9ciple4 ,= if !re 7 n 9 ! iron a c]ta9 natural =eta/e ( ! load/one itself1 x w\ld n move to ! load/one any m ?an to any o!r /one2 & unless !re 7 9 ! /one a great] incl9ation = iron ?an = copp]1 !re w\ld n be t attraction4 ,su* are ! op9ions express$ ab\t ! load/one attract+ 7or ! g5]al s5se ( ea*71 all dubi\s & untru/wor?y4 ,b ^? causes ( ! magnetical motions1 :i* 9 ! s*ools ( ! ,philosoph]s are ref]r$ to ! f\r elem5ts & ! prime qualities1 we rel9qui% to ! mo?s & ! worms4 99 99 99 99 99 #fe ,,*ap4 ,,iiii4 ,on ,magnetick ,=ce ,=m1 :at x is2 & on ! cause ( ! ,coition4 ,rel9qui%+ ! op9ions ( o!rs on ! attraction ( load/one1 we %all n[ %[ ! reason ( t coition & ! translatory nature ( t motion4 ,s9ce !re are really two k9ds ( bodies1 :i* seem to allure bodies ) motions manife/ to our s5ses1 ,electricks & ,magneticks1 ! ,electricks produce ! t5d5cy by natural effluvia f hum\r2 ! ,magneticks by ag5cies due to =m1 or r by ! prime =ces4 ,?is =m is unique1 & p>ticul>1 n ! =mal cause ( ! ,p]ipateticks1 or ! specifick 9 mixtures1 or ! second>y =m2 n ! propagator ( g5]at+ bodies1 b ! =m ( ! prim>y & *ief sph]es & ( ^? p>ts ( !m :i* are homog5e\s & n corrupt$1 a special entity & exi/5ce1 :i* we may call a prim>y & radical & a/ral =m2 n ! prim>y =m ( ,ari/otle1 b t unique =m1 :i* pres]ves & disposes its own prop] sph]e4 ,!re is "o su* 9 ea* sev]al globe1 9 ! ,sun1 ! moon1 & ! />s2 "o also 9 ! e>?1 :i* is t true magnetick pot5cy :i* we call ! prim>y vig\r4 ,:]e=e !re is a magnetick nature peculi> to ! e>? & implant$ 9 all its tru] p>ts 9 a prim>y & a/oni%+ mann]2 ?is is nei!r d]iv$ nor produc$ f ! :ole heav5 by sympa?y or influ5ce or m occult qualities1 nor f any p>ticul> />2 = !re is 9 ! e>? a magnetick vig\r ( its own1 j z 9 ! sun & moon !re are =ms ( _! own1 & a small portion ( ! moon settles itself 9 moon-mann] t[>d its t]m9i & =m2 & a piece ( ! sun to ! sun1 j z a load/one to ! e>? & to a second load/one by incl9+ itself & allur+ 9 accordance ) its nature4 ,we mu/ consid] !re=e ab\t ! e>? :at magnetical bodies are1 & :at is a magnet2 !n also ab\t ! tru] p>ts ( x1 :i* are magnetical1 & h[ !y are affect$ z a result ( ! coition4 ,a body :i* is attract$ by an electrick is n *ang$ by x1 b rema9s un%ak5 & un*ang$1 z x 0 be=e1 nor does x excel any ! m 9 virtue4 ,a load/one draws magnetical sub/ances1 :i* eag]ly acquire p[] f its /r5g?1 n 9 _! extremities only1 b 9 _! inw>d p>ts & 99 _! v m>r[4 ,= :5 a rod ( iron is laid hold (1 x is magnetically excit$ 9 ! end by :i* x is laid hold (1 & t #ff =ce p5etrates ev5 to ! o!r extremity1 n ?r\gh its surface only1 b ?r\gh ! int]ior & all ?r\gh ! middle4 ,electrical bodies h mat]ial & corporeal effluvia4 ,is any su* magnetical effluvium giv5 (f1 :e!r corporeal or incorporeal8 or is no?+ at all giv5 (f t subsi/s8 ,if x really has a body1 t body mu/ be ?9 & spiritual1 s9ce x is necess>y t x %\ld be able to ent] into iron4 ,or :at sort ( an exhalation is x t comes f lead1 :5 quicksilv] :i* is bright & fluid is b\nd toge!r by ! od\r m]ely & vap\r ( ! lead1 & rema9s1 z x 71 a firm metal8 ,b ev5 gold1 :i* is exce$+ly solid & d5se1 is r$uc$ to a p[d] by ! ?9 vap\r ( lead4 ,or1 see+ t1 z ! quicksilv] has entrance into gold1 s ! magnetical od\r has entrance into ! sub/ance ( ! iron1 h[ does x *ange x 9 its ess5tial prop]ty1 al?\gh no *ange is p]ceptible to our s5ses 9 ! bodies !mselves8 ,= )\t +ression into ! body1 ! body is n *ang$1 z ! ,*emi/s n incorrectly tea*4 ,b if inde$ ^! ?+s result$ f a mat]ial +ression1 !n if /rong & d5se & ?ick sub/ances _h be5 int]pos$ betwe5 ! bodies1 or if magnetical sub/ances _h be5 inclos$ 9 ! c5tres ( ! mo/ solid & ! d5se/ bodies1 ! iron p>ticles w\ld n h suff]$ any?+ f ! load/one4 ,b none ! less !y /rive to come toge!r & are *ang$4 ,!re=e !re is no su* conception & orig9 ( ! magnetick p[]s2 nor d ! v m9ute portions ( ! /one exi/1 :i* h be5 wrongly imag9$ to exi/ by ,bapti/a ,porta1 aggregat$1 z x 71 into hairs1 & aris+ f ! rubb+ ( ! /one :i*1 /ick+ to ! iron1 con/itute its /r5g?4 ,electrick effluvia are n only imp$$ by any d5se matt]1 b also 9 l mann] by flames1 or if a small flame is ne>1 !y d n allure4 ,b z iron is n h9d]$ by any ob/acle f receiv+ =ce or motion f a load/one1 s x w pass ?r\gh ! mid/ ( flames to ! body ( ! load/one & adhre to ! /one4 ,let !re be a flame or a c&le ne> ! /one2 br+ up a %ort piece ( iron wire1 & :5 x has come ne>1 x w p5etrate ?r\gh ! mid/ ( ! flames to ! /one2 99 & a v]sorium turns t[>ds ! load/one nor m sl[ly nor less eag]ly ?r\gh ! mid/ ( flames ?an ?r\gh op5 air4 ,s flames int]pos$ d n h9d] ! coition4 ,b if ! iron itself became heat$ by a great heat1 x is demon/rable t x w\ld n be attract$4 ,br+ a /rongly ignit$ rod ( iron ne> a magnetiz$ v]sorium2 ! v]sorium rema9s /eady & does n turn t[>ds 99 su* iron2 b x imm$iately turns t[>ds x1 s soon z x has lo/ some:at ( its heat4 ,:5 a piece ( iron has be5 t\*$ by a load/one1 if x be plac$ 9 a hot fire until x is p]fectly r$ hot 99 & rema9 9 ! fire "s consid]able "t1 x w lose t magnetick /r5g? x _h acquir$4 ,ev5 a load/one itself ?r\gh a #fg longi% /ay 9 ! fire1 loses ! p[]s ( attract+ implant$ & innate 9 x1 & any o!r magnetick p[]s4 ,& al?\gh c]ta9 ve9s ( load/one exhale :5 burnt a d>k vap\r ( a black col\r1 or ( a sulphur\s f\l od\r1 yet t vap\r 0 n ! s\l1 or ! cause ( its attraction ( iron 7z ,porta ?9ks71 nor d all load/ones :il/ !y are be+ bak$ or burnt smell ( or exhale sulphur4 ,x is acquir$ z a sort ( inborn defect f a r impure m9e or matrix4 ,nor does any?+ analog\s p5etrate into ! iron f t mat]ial corporeal cause1 s9ce ! iron conceives ! p[] ( attract+ & v]ticity f ! load/one1 ev5 if glass or gold or any o!r /one be int]pos$4 ,!n also ca/ iron acquires ! p[] ( attract+ iron1 & v]ticity1 f ! v]ticity ( ! e>?1 z we %all aft]w>ds pla9ly demon/rate 9 ,direction4 ,b fire de/roys ! magnetick virtues 9 a /one1 n because x takes away any p>ts specially attractive1 b because ! consum+ =ce ( ! flame m>s by ! demolition ( ! mat]ial ! =m ( ! :ole2 z 9 ! human body ! prim>y faculties ( ! s\l are n burnt1 b ! *>r$ body rema9s )\t faculties4 ,! iron inde$ may rema9 aft] ! burn+ is complet$ & is n *ang$ into a% or slag2 nev]!less 7z ,c>dan n inaptly says7 burnt iron is n iron1 b some?+ plac$ outside its nature until x is r$uc$4 ,= j z by ! rig\r ( ! surr\nd+ air#aeg wat] is *ang$ f its nature into ice2 s iron1 gl[+ 9 fire1 is de/roy$ by ! viol5t heat1 & has its nature confus$ & p]turb$2 :]e=e also x is n attract$ by a load/one1 & ev5 loses t p[] ( attract+ 9 :atev] way acquir$1 & acquires ano!r v]ticity :51 be+1 z x 71 born aga91 x is impregnat$ by a load/one or ! e>?1 or :5 its =m is reviv$1 n hav+ be5 dead b confus$1 conc]n+ :i* _m ?+s are manife/ 9 ! *ange ( v]ticity4 ,:]e=e ,fraca/orio#aeh does n confirm 8 op9ion1 t ! iron is n alt]$2 = if x 7 alt]$1 he says1 by ! =m ( ! load/one1 ! =m ( ! iron w\ld h be5 spoil$4 ,?is alt]ation is n g5]ation1 b ! re/itution & re=mation ( a confus$ =m4 ,!re is n !re=e any?+ corporeal :i* comes f ! load/one or :i* ent]s ! iron1 or :i* is s5t back f ! iron :5 x is /imulat$2 b load/one disposes load/one by its prim>y =m2 iron1 h[ev]1 :i* is closely relat$ to x1 load/one at ! same "t recalls to its con=mate /r5g?1 & settles x2 on acc\nt ( :i* x ru%es to ! load/one & eag]ly con=ms itself to x 7! =ces ( ea* 9 h>mony br++ !m toge!r74 ,! coition also is n vague or confus$1 n a viol5t incl9ation ( body to body1 no ra% & mad congru5cy2 no viol5ce is "h appli$ to ! bodies2 !re are no /rifes or discords2 b !re is t concord 7)\t :i* ! univ]se w\ld g to pieces71 t analogy1 namely1 ( ! #fh p]fect & homog5e\s p>ts ( ! sph]es ( ! univ]se to ! :ole1 & a mutual concurr5cy ( ! pr9cipal =ces 9 !m1 t5d+ to s\ndness1 cont9uity1 position1 direction1 & to unity4 ,:]e=e 9 ! case ( su* wond]ful action & su* a /up5d\s implant$ vig\r 7div]se f o!r natures7 ! op9ion ( ,?ales ( ,miletus#aei 0 n v absurd1 nor 0 x d[nright madness1 9 ! judgm5t ( ,scalig]1 = him to grant ! load/one a s\l2 = ! load/one is incit$1 direct$1 & orbitally mov$ by ?is =ce1 :i* is all 9 all1 &1 z w be made cle> aft]w>ds1 all 9 e "p2 & x seems to be v l a s\l4 ,= ! p[] ( mov+ itself seems to po9t to a s\l2 & ! sup]nal bodies1 :i* are also cele/ial1 div9e1 z x 71 are ?\ght by "s to be animat$1 because !y move ) admirable ord]4 ,if two load/ones be set "o ov] aga9/ ! o!r1 ea* 9 a boat1 on ! surface ( wat]1 !y d n imm$iately run toge!r1 b fir/ !y turn t[>ds "o ano!r1 or ! less] con=ms to ! great]1 by mov+ itself 9 a some:at circul> mann]1 & at l5g?1 :5 !y are dispos$ accord+ to _! nature1 !y run toge!r4 ,9 smelt$ iron :i* has n be5 excit$ by a magnet !re is no ne$ = su* an app>atus2 s9ce x has no v]ticity1 except+ :at is adv5titi\s & acquir$1 & t n /able & confirm$ 7z is ! case ) load/one1 ev5 if ! iron has be5 smelt$ f ! be/ load/one71 on acc\nt ( ! confusion ( ! p>ts by fire :5 x fl[$ z a liquid2 x sudd5ly acquires pol>ity & natural aptitude by ! pres5ce ( ! load/one1 by a p[]ful mutation1 & by a conv]sion into a p]fect magnet1 & by an absolute metamorphosis2 & x flies to ! body ( ! magnet z if x 7 a real piece ( load/one4 ,= a load/one has no p[]1 nor c a p]fect load/one d any?+ :i* iron :5 excit$ by load/one _c p]=m1 ev5 :5 x has n be5 t\*$ b only plac$ 9 its vic9ity4 ,= :5 fir/ x is )9 ! orbe ( virtue ( ! load/one1 ?\gh x may be "s di/ance away1 yet x is imm$iately *ang$1 & has a r5ovat$ =m1 =m]ly inde$ dormant & in]t 9 body1 n[ lively & /rong1 :i* w be cle>ly app>5t 9 ! demon/rations ( ,direction4 ,s ! magnetick coition is a motion ( ! load/one & ( ! iron1 n an action ( "o#afj2 an ,greek3 entele*eia1 ( ea*1 n ,greek3 ergon2 a ,greek3 sun5tele*eia or conjo9t action1 r ?an a sympa?y4 ,!re is prop]ly no su* ?+ z magnetick antipa?y4 ,= ! flight & decl9ation ( ! ends1 or an entire turn+ ab\t1 is an action ( ea* t[>ds unity by ! conjo9t action & ,greek3 sun5tele*eia ( bo?4 ,x has !re=e newly put on ! =m1 & on acc\nt ( ?is be+ r\s$1 x !n1 9 ord] t x may m surely acquire x1 ru%es headlong on ! load/one1 n ) curves & turn+s1 z a load/one to a load/one4 ,= s9ce 9 a load/one bo? v]ticity & ! p[] dispon5t h exi/$ ?r\gh _m ages1 or f ! v beg9n+s1 #fi h be5 inborn & confirm$1 & also ! special =m ( ! t]re/rial globe _c easily be *ang$ by ano!r load/one1 z iron is *ang$2 x happ5s f ! con/ant nature ( ea*1 t "o has n ! sudd5 p[] ov] ano!r ( *ang+ its v]ticity1 b t !y c only mutually come to agreem5t ) ea* o!r4 ,aga91 iron :i* has be5 excit$ by a load/one1 99 if t iron on acc\nt ( ob/acles %\ld n be able to turn r\nd imm$iately 9 accordance ) its nature1 z happ5s ) a v]sorium1 is laid hold (1 :5 a load/one approa*es1 on ei!r side or at ei!r end4 ,because1 j z x c implant1 s x c sudd5ly *ange ! pol>ity & turn ab\t ! =mal en]gies to any "p :atev]4 ,s v>i\sly c iron be trans=m$ :5 its =m is adv5titi\s & has n yet be5 long resid5t 9 ! metal4 ,9 ! case ( iron1 on acc\nt ( ! fusion ( ! sub/ance :5 magnetick ore or iron is smelt$1 ! virtue ( its prim>y =m1 di/9ct be=e1 is n[ confus$2 b an entire load/one plac$ ne> x aga9 sets up its primal activity2 its adju/$ & arrang$ =m jo9s its alli$ /r5g? ) ! load/one2 & bo? mutually agree & are leagu$ toge!r magnetically 9 all _! motions t[>ds unity1 & :e!r jo9$ by bodily contact or adju/$ )9 ! orbe1 !y are "o & ! same4 ,= :5 iron is smelt$ out ( its own ore1 or /eel 7! m noble k9d ( iron7 out ( its ore1 t is1 out ( load/one1 ! mat]ial is loos$ by ! =ce ( ! fire1 & fl[s away1 & iron z well z /eel fl[ out f _! dross & are sep>at$ f x2 & ! dross is ei!r spoil$ by ! =ce ( ! fire & r5d]$ useless1 or is a k9d ( dregs ( a c]ta9 imp]fection & ( mixture 9 ! prom95t p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,! mat]ial !re=e is a purifi$ "o1 9 :i* ! metallick p>ts1 :i* are n[ mix$ up by ! melt+1 s9ce ^? special =ces ( its =m are confus$ & unc]ta91 by ! approa* ( a load/one are call$ back to life1 z if to a k9d ( dispon5t =m & integrity4 ,! mat]ial is ?us awak5$ & moves toge!r into unity1 ! bond ( ! univ]se & ! ess5tial = its cons]vation4 ,on ?is acc\nt & by ! purg+ ( ! mat]ial into a clean] body1 ! load/one gives to ! iron a great] =ce ( attract+ ?an !re is 9 itself4 ,= if iron du/ 99 or an iron nail be plac$ ov] a l>ge load/one1 a piece ( iron jo9$ to x takes away ! fil+s & nail f ! load/one & reta9s !m s long z x is ne> ! load/one2 :]e=e iron attracts iron m ?an load/one does1 if x h be5 con=m$ by a load/one & rema9s )9 ! orbe ( its communicat$ =m4 ,a piece ( iron ev51 skilfully plac$ ne> ! pole ( a load/one1 lifts up m ?an ! load/one4 ,!re=e ! mat]ial ( its own ore is bett]1 & by ! =ce ( fire /eel & iron are re-purg$2 & !y are aga9 impregnat$ by ! load/one ) its own =ms2 !re=e !y move t[>ds x by a spontane\s #gj approa* z soon z !y h ent]$ )9 ! orbe ( ! magnetick =ces1 because !y 7 possess$ by x be=e1 connect$ & unit$ ) x 9 a p]fect union2 !y h imm$iately an absolute cont9uity )9 t orbe1 h be5 jo9$ on acc\nt ( _! h>mony1 ?\gh _! bodies may h be5 disjo9$4 ,= ! iron is n tak5 possession ( & allur$ by mat]ial effluvia1 aft] ! mann] ( electricks1 b only by ! immat]ial action ( its =m or an incorporeal progression1 :i* 9 a piece ( iron z its subject acts & is conceiv$1 z x 71 9 a cont9u\s homog5e\s body1 & does n ne$ m op5 ways4 ,!re=e 7?\gh ! mo/ solid sub/ances be int]pos$7 ! iron is /ill mov$ & attract$1 & by ! pres5ce ( load/one ! iron moves & attracts ! load/one itself1 & by mutual =ces a concurr5cy is made t[>ds unity1 :i* is commonly call$ attraction ( ! iron4 ,b ^? =mal =ces pass out & are unit$ to "o ano!r by meet+ toge!r2 a =ce also1 :5 conceiv$ 9 ! iron1 beg9s to fl[ out )\t delay4 ,b ,julius ,scalig]1 :o by o!r examples cont5ds t ?is !ory is absurd1 makes 9 8 #cdd? ,ex]cise a great mi/ake4 ,= ! virtues ( prim>y bodies are n to be comp>$ ) bodies =m$ f & mix$ ) !m4 ,he w\ld n[ h be5 able 7_h he be5 /ill alive7 to disc]n ! nature ( effus$ =ms 9 ! *apt] on =ms effus$ by sph]ical magneticks4 ,b if iron is injur$ some:at by ru/1 x is affect$ ei!r only slightly or n at all by ! /one4 ,= ! metal is spoil$ :5 eat5 away & de=m$ by ext]nal injuries or by lapse ( "t 7j z has be5 said ab\t ! load/one71 & x loses its prime qualities :i* are conjo9$ to its =m2 or1 be+ worn out by age1 reta9s !m 9 a languid & weak condition2 inde$ x _c be prop]ly re-=m$1 :5 x has be5 corrupt$4 ,b a p[]ful & fre% load/one attracts s\nd & clean pieces ( iron1 & ^? pieces ( iron 7:5 !y h conceiv$ /r5g?7 h a p[]ful attraction = o!r iron wires & iron nails1 n only "o at a "t1 b ev5 successively "o beh9d ano!r1 ?ree1 f\r or five1 end to end1 /ick+ & hang+ 9 ord] l a *a94 ,! load/one1 h[ev]1 w\ld n attract ! la/ "o foll[+ 9 su* a r[1 if !re 7 no nails betwe54 ,illu/ration ,a load/one plac$ z at ,a draws a nail or a b> ,b2 simil>ly beh9d ,b x draws ,c2 & aft] ,c1 ,d4 ,b ! nails ,b & ,c be+ remov$1 ! load/one ,a1 if x rema9 at ! same di/ance1 does n raise ! nail ,d into ! air4 ,?is occurs = ?is reason3 because 9 ! case ( a cont9u\s r[ ( nails ! pres5ce ( ! load/one ,a1 besides its own p[]s1 raises ! magnetick natures ( ! iron works ,b & ,c1 & makes !m1 z x 71 =ces auxili>y to itself4 ,b ,b & ,c1 l a cont9u\s magnetical body1 ext5d z f> z #ga ,d ! =ces by :i* ,d is tak5 & con=m$1 ?\gh !y are weak] ?an ^? :i* ,c receives f ,b4 ,& ^? iron nails inde$ f t contact only1 & f ! pres5ce ( ! load/one ev5 )\t contact1 acquire p[]s :i* !y reta9 9 _! own bodies1 z w be demon/rat$ mo/ cle>ly 9 ! passage on ,direction4 ,= n only :il/ ! /one is pres5t does ! iron assume ^! p[]s1 & take !m1 z x 71 vic>i\sly f ! /one1 z ,!mi/ius lays d[n 9 8 #h? book on ,physicks#afa4 ,! be/ iron1 :5 x has be5 melt$ d[n 7su* is /eel71 is allur$ by a load/one f a great] di/ance1 is rais$ ?\gh ( great] weight1 is held m firmly1 assumes /rong] p[]s ?an ! common & less exp5sive1 because x is ca/ f a bett] ore or load/one1 imbu$ ) bett] p[]s4 ,b :at is made f m impure ore turns out weak] & is mov$ m feebly4 ,z to ,fraca/orio's#afb /atem5t t he saw a piece ( load/one draw a load/one by "o ( its faces1 b n iron2 by ano!r face iron1 b n load/one2 by ano!r bo?2 :i* he says is an indication t 9 "o "p !re is m ( ! load/one1 9 ano!r m ( ! iron1 9 ano!r bo? equally1 :5ce arises t div]sity ( attraction2 x is mo/ incorrect & badly obs]v$ on ! "p ( ,fraca/orio1 :o did n "k h[ to apply skilfully load/one to load/one4 ,a load/one draws iron & also a load/one1 if bo? are suitably arrang$ & free & unre/ra9$4 ,t is remov$ m quickly f its position & place :i* is light]2 = ! heavi] bodies are 9 weight1 ! m !y resi/2 b ! light] bo? moves itself to meet ! heavi] & is allur$ by ! o!r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,v4 ,h[ ! ,p[] dwells 9 ! ,load/one4 ,t a load/one attracts load/one1 iron & o!r magnetical bodies1 has be5 %[n above 9 ! previ\s book1 & also ) :at /r5g? ! magnetick coition is ord]$2 b n[ we mu/ inquire h[ t vig\r is dispos$ 9 a magnetick sub/ance4 ,& inde$ an analogy mu/ be inf]r$ f a l>ge load/one4 ,any magnetick sub/ance jo9s itself ) a load/one /rongly1 if ! load/one itself is /rong2 b m weakly1 :5 x is some:at imp]fect or has be5 weak5$ by "s flaw4 ,a load/one does n draw iron equally well ) e "p2 or a magnetick sub/ance does n approa* e "p ( a load/one alike2 because a load/one has its po9ts1 t is its true poles1 9 :i* an exceptional virtue excels4 ,p>ts ne>] ! pole are #gb /rong]1 ^? f> away m weak1 & yet 9 all ! p[] is 9 a c]ta9 way equal4 ,! poles ( a t]rella are ,a1 ,b2 ! qu9octial is ,c1 ,d4 ,at ,a & ,b ! allur+ =ce seems greate/4 ,illu/ration ,at ,c & ,d !re is no =ce allur+ magnetick ends to ! body1 = ! =ces t5d t[>d bo? poles4 ,b direction is p[]ful on ! quator4 ,at ,c1 ,d1 ! di/ances are equal f bo? poles2 !re=e iron :i* is at ,c1 ,d1 :5 x is allur$ 9 contr>y ways1 does n adhre ) con/ancy2 b x rema9s & is jo9$ to ! /one1 if only x incl9e to ! "o or o!r side4 ,at ,e !re is a great] p[] ( allur+ ?an at ,f1 because ,e is ne>] ! pole4 ,?is is n s because !re is really great] virtue resid+ at ! pole1 b s9ce all ! p>ts are unit$ 9 ! :ole1 !y direct _! =ces t[>ds ! pole4 ,f ! =ces fl[+ f ! plane ( ! qu9octial t[>ds ! pole1 ! p[] increases4 ,a fix$ v]ticity exi/s at ! pole1 s long z ! load/one rema9s :ole2 if x is divid$ or brok51 ! v]ticity obta9s o!r 99 positions 9 ! p>ts into :i* x is divid$4 ,= ! v]ticity always *anges 9 consequ5ce ( any *ange 9 ! mass1 & = ?is cause1 if ! t]rella be divid$ f ,a to ,b1 s t !re are two /ones1 ! poles w n be ,a1 ,b1 9 ! divid$ p>ts1 b ,f1 ,g1 & ,h1 ,i4 ,illu/ration #gc ,al?\gh ^! /ones n[ are 9 agreem5t ) "o ano!r1 s t ,f w\ld n seek ,h1 yet if ,a 0 previ\sly ! boreal pole#afc1 ,f is n[ boreal1 & ,h also boreal2 = ! v]ticity is n *ang$ 7z ,bapti/a ,porta incorrectly affirms 9 ! f\r? *apt] ( 8 sev5? book72 s9ce1 ?\gh ,f & ,h d n agree1 s t ! "o w\ld incl9e to ! o!r1 yet bo? turn to ! same po9t ( ! horizon4 ,if ! hemisph]e ,h ,i be divid$ into two quadrants1 ! "o pole takes up its position 9 ,h1 ! o!r 9 ,i4 ,! :ole mass ( ! /one1 z ,i h said1 reta9s ! site ( its v]tex con/ant2 & any "p ( ! /one1 be=e x 0 cut out f ! block#afd1 might h be5 ! pole or v]tex4 ,b conc]n+ ?is m "u ,direction4 ,x is important n[ to compreh5d & to keep firmly 9 m9d t ! v]tices are /rong on acc\nt ( ! =ce ( ! :ole1 s t 7! comm& be+1 z x 71 divid$ by ! qu9octial7 all ! =ces on "o side t5d t[>ds ! nor?2 b ^? ( an opposite way t[>ds ! s\?1 s long z ! p>ts are unit$1 z 9 ! foll[+ demon/ration4 ,illu/ration ,= s1 by an inf9ite numb] ( curves f e po9t ( ! equator divid+ ! sph]e into two equal p>ts1 & f e po9t ( ! surface f ! quator t[>ds ! ,nor?1 & f ! quator t[>ds ! ,s\!rn pole1 ! :ole =ce t5ds asund] t[>d ! poles4 ,s ! v]ticity is f ! qu9octial #gd circle t[>ds ! pole 9 ea* direction4 ,su* is ! p[] repos$ 9 ! undivid$ /one4 ,f ,a vig\r is s5t to ,b1 f ,a1 ,b1 to ,c1 f ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 to ,d1 & f !m likewise to ,e4 ,9 l mann] f ,g to ,h1 & s =?1 z long z ! :ole is unit$4 ,b if a piece ,a ,b be cut out 7al?\gh x is ne> ! quator71 yet x w be z /rong 9 its magnetical actions z ,c ,d or ,d ,e1 if torn away f ! :ole 9 equal quantity4 ,= no "p excels 9 special wor? 9 ! :ole mass except by :at is ow+ to ! o!r adjo9+ p>ts by :i* an absolute & p]fect :ole is atta9$4 ,diagram ( ,magnetic ,vig\r transmitt$ f ! plane ( ! quator to ! p]iph]]y ( ! t]ella or ( ! e>? ,illu/ration #ge ,,heq is a t]rella1 ,e a pole1 ,m ! c5tre1 ,,hmq ! qu9octial plane4 ,f e po9t ( ! qu9octial plane vig\r ext5ds to ! p]iph]y1 b by v>i\s me?ods2 = f ,a ! =mal =ce is transmitt$ t[>ds ,c1 ,f1 ,n1 ,e1 & to e po9t f ,c up to ,e1 ! pole2 b n t[>ds ,b2 s nei!r f ,g t[>ds ,c4 ,! p[] ( allur+ is n /r5g!n$ 9 ! "p ,,fhg f t :i* is 9 ,,gmfe1 b ,,fgh increases ! =ce 9 ! em95ce ,,fe4 ,s no =ce rises f ! int]nal p>ts1 f ! l9es p>allel to ! ,axis above ^? p>allels1 b always inw>ds f ! p>allels to ! pole4 ,f e po9t ( ! plane ( ! equator =ce proce$s to ! pole ,e1 b ! po9t ,f has its p[]s only f ,,gh1 & ,n f ,,oh2 b ! pole ,e is /r5g!n$ f ! :ole plane ,,hq4 ,:]e=e 9 x ! mighty p[] excels 7j z 9 a palace72 b 9 ! int]m$iate int]vals 7z 9 ,f7 only s mu* =ce ( allur+ is ex]t$ z ! portion ,,hg ( ! plane c contribute4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,vi4 ,h[ magnetick pieces ( ,iron & small] load/ones con=m !mselves to a t]rella to ! e>? itself1 & by !m are dispos$4 ,coition ( ^? bodies :i* are divid$1 & d n naturally cohre1 if !y are free1 occurs ?r\gh ano!r k9d ( motion4 ,a t]rella s5ds out 9 an orbe its p[]s 9 proportion to its vig\r & quality4 ,b :5 iron or any o!r magnetick ( conv5i5t magnitude comes )9 its orbe ( virtue1 x is allur$2 b ! ne>] x comes to ! body1 ! m quickly x runs up to x4 ,!y move t[>ds ! magnet1 n z 99 to a c5tre1 nor t[>ds its c5tre4 ,= !y only d ?is 9 ! case ( ! poles !mselves1 :5 namely t :i* is be+ allur$1 & ! pole ( ! load/one1 & its c5tre1 are 9 ! same /raight l9e4 ,b 9 ! int]v5+ spaces !y t5d obliquely1 j z is evid5t 9 ! foll[+ figure1 9 :i* x is %[n h[ ! influ5ce is ext5d$ to ! adjo9+ magneticks )9 ! orbe2 9 ! case ( ! poles /raight out4 #gf ,illu/ration ,! ne>] ! p>ts are to ! qu9octial1 ! m obliquely are magneticals allur$2 b ! p>ts ne>] ! poles appeal m directly1 at ! poles q /raight4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! turn+ ( all load/ones1 ( ^? :i* are r\nd & ^? :i* are long1 is ! same1 b 9 ! case ( ! long ones ! exp]im5t is easi]4 ,= 9 :atev] =m !y are ! v]ticity exi/s1 & !re are poles2 b on acc\nt ( bad & unequal =m1 !y are (t5 h9d]$ by c]ta9 evils4 ,if ! /one 7 long1 ! v]tex is at ! ends1 n on ! sides2 x allures m /rongly at ! v]tex4 ,= ! p>ts br+ toge!r /rong] =ces to ! pole 9 "r l9es ?an oblique4 ,s ! /one & ! e>? con=m _! magnetick motions by _! nature4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,vii4 ,on ! ,pot5cy ( ! ,magnetick ,virtue1 & on its nature capable ( spread+ out into an orbe4 ,f ab\t a magnetical body ! virtue magnetical is p\r$ out on e side ar\nd 9 an orbe2 ar\nd a t]rella2 9 ! case ( o!r %apes ( /ones1 m confus$ly & unev5ly4 ,b yet !re exi/s 9 nature no orbe or p]man5t or ess5tial virtue spread ?r\gh ! air1 b a magnet #gg only excites magneticks at a conv5i5t di/ance f x4 ,& z light comes 9 an in/ant 7z ! opticians tea*71 s mu* m#afe quickly is ! magnetick vig\r pres5t )9 ! limits ( its /r5g?2 & because its activity is mu* m subtile ?an light1 & does n cons5t ) a non-magnetick sub/ance1 x has no int]c\rse ) air1 wat]1 or any non-magnetick2 nor does x move a magnetick ) any motion by =ces ru%+ ^u x1 b be+ pres5t 9 an in/ant1 x invites fri5dly bodies4 ,& z light /rikes an object1 s a load/one /rikes a magnetick body & excites x4 ,& j z light does n rema9 9 ! air above vap\rs & effluvia1 & is n reflect$ f ^? spaces1 s nei!r is ! magnetick ray held 9 air or wat]4 ,! appe>ances ( ?+s are appreh5d$ 9 an in/ant 9 mirrors & 9 ! eye by means ( light2 s ! magnetick virtue seizes ^u magneticks4 ,)\t ! m intangible & %9+ bodies1 ! appe>ances ( ?+s are n seiz$ or reflect$2 s )\t magnetical objects ! magnetick p[] is n p]ceiv$1 nor are ! =ces ?us conceiv$ s5t back aga9 to ! magnetick sub/ance4 ,9 ?is1 h[ev]1 ! magnetick p[] excels light1 9 t x is n h9d]$ by any opaque or solid sub/ance1 b proce$s freely1 & ext5ds its =ces on e side4 ,9 a t]rella & globe-%ap$ load/one ! magnetick p[] is ext5d$ outside ! body 9 an orbe2 9 a long] "o1 h[ev]1 n 9 an orbe1 b x is ext5d$ 9 an ambit con=mably to ! %ape ( ! /one4 ,z 9 ! some:at long /one ,a1 ! vig\r is ext5d$ to ! ambi5t limit ,f ,c ,d1 equidi/ant on e side f ! /one ,a4 ,illu/ration 99 99 99 99 99 #gh ,,*ap4 ,,viii4 ,on ! geography ( ! ,e>?1 & ( ! ,t]rella4 ,desir+ t :at foll[s may be bett] und]/ood1 we mu/ n[ say some?+ also ab\t magnetick circles & limits4 ,a/ronom]s1 9 ord] to und]/& & obs]ve me?odically ! motion ( ! planets & ! revolution ( ! heav5s1 & to describe ) m accuracy ! cele/ial attire ( ! fix$ />s1 settl$ ^u c]ta9 circles & def9ite limits 9 ! sky 7:i* geograph]s also imitate71 s t ! v>i$ face ( ! e>? & ! beauty ( its di/ricts might be del9eat$4 ,b we1 9 a way diff]+ f !m1 recognize ^? limits & circles1 & h f\nd v _m fix$ by nature1 n m]ely conceiv$ by ! imag9ation1 bo? 9 ! e>? & 9 our t]rella4 ,! e>? !y m>k out#aff *iefly by means ( ! quator & ! poles2 & ^? limits inde$ h be5 arrang$ & m>k$ out by nature4 ,! m]idians also indicate /raight pa?s f pole to pole ?r\gh di/9ct po9ts on ! quator2 by :i* way ! magnetick virtue directs its c\rse & moves4 ,b ! tropics & arctic circles1 z also ! p>allels1 are n natural limits plac$ on ! e>?2 b all p>allel circles indicate a c]ta9 agreem5t ( ! l&s situat$ 9 ! same latitude1 or diametrically opposite4 ,all ^! ! ,ma!maticians use = conv5i5ce1 pa9t+ !m on globes & maps4 ,9 l mann] also 9 a t]rella all ^! are requir$2 n1 h[ev]1 9 ord] t its ext]ior appe>ance may be geographically del9eat$1 s9ce ! load/one may be p]fect1 ev51 & uni=m on all sides4 ,& !re are no upp] & l[] p>ts 9 ! e>?1 nor are !re 9 a t]rella2 unless p]*ance "s "o consid]s ^? p>ts sup]ior :i* are 9 ! p]iph]y1 & ^? inf]ior :i* are situat$ m t[>ds ! c5tre4 99 99 99 99 99 #gi ,,*ap4 ,,ix4 ,on ! qu9octial ,circle ( ! ,e>? & ( a ,t]rella4 ,z conceiv$ by a/ronom]s ! qu9octial circle is equidi/ant f bo? poles1 cutt+ ! _w 9 ! middle1 measures ! motions ( _! primum mobile or t5? sph]e1 & is nam$ ! zone ( ! primum mobile4 ,x is call$ qu9octial1 because :5 ! sun /&s 9 x 7:i* mu/ happ5 twice 9 ! ye>7 ! days are equal to ! nights4 ,t circle is also spok5 ( z quidialis1 :]e=e x is call$ by ! ,greeks ,greek3 ism]9os4 ,9 l mann] x is also prop]ly call$ quator1 because x divides ! :ole frame ( ! e>? betwe5 ! poles into equal p>ts4 ,s also an quator may be rightly assign$ to a t]rella1 by :i* its p[] is naturally divid$1 & by ! plane ( :i* p]meat+ ?r\gh its c5tre1 ! :ole globe is divid$ into equal p>ts bo? 9 quantity & /r5g? 7z if by a transv]se septum7 betwe5 v]ticities on bo? sides imbu$ ) equal vig\r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,x4 ,magnetick ,m]idians ( ! ,e>?4 ,m]idians h be5 ?\ght out by ! geograph]1 by means ( :i* he might bo? di/+ui% ! longitude & measure ! latitude ( ea* region4 ,b ! magnetick m]idians are inf9ite1 runn+ 9 ! same direction also1 ?r\gh fix$ & opposite limits on ! quator1 & ?r\gh ! poles !mselves4 ,on !m also ! magnetick latitude is measur$1 & decl9ations are reckon$ f !m2 & ! fix$ direction 9 !m t5ds to ! poles1 unless x v>ies f "s defect & ! magnetick is di/urb$ f ! "r way4 ,:at is commonly call$ a magnetick m]idian is n really magnetick1 nor is x really a m]idian1 b x is und]/ood to pass ?r\gh ! t]m9i ( ! v>iation on ! horizon4 ,! v>iation is a deprav$ deviation f a m]idian1 nor is x fix$ & con/ant 9 v>i\s places on any m]idian4 99 99 99 99 99 #hj ,,*ap4 ,,xi4 ,p>allels4 ,9 p>allel circles ! same /r5g? & equal p[] are p]ceiv$ ev]y:]e1 :5 v>i\s magneticks are plac$ on "o & ! same p>allel ei!r on ! e>? or on a t]rella4 ,= !y are di/ant f ! poles by equal int]vals & h equal t5d5cies ( decl9ation1 & !y are attract$ & held1 & !y come toge!r ) l =ces2 j z ^? regions :i* are situat$ "u ! same p>allel1 ev5 if !y diff] 9 longitude1 yet we say possess ! same quantity ( daylight & a climate equally temp]$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xii4 ,! ,magnetick ,horizon4 ,horizon is ! "n giv5 to ! great circle1 sep>at+ ! ?+s :i* are se5 f ^? :i* are n se52 s t a half "p ( ! heav5 always is op5 & easily se5 by u1 half is always hidd54 ,?is seems s to u on acc\nt ( ! great di/ance ( ! />-be>+ orbe3 yet ! diff]5ce is z great z may arise f ! ratio ( ! semi-diamet] ( ! e>? comp>$ ) ! semi-diamet] ( ! />ry heav51 :i* diff]5ce is 9 fact n p]ceiv$ by our s5ses4 ,we ma9ta91 h[ev]1 t ! magnetick horizon is a plane level ?r\gh\t t\*+ ! e>? or a t]rella 9 ! place ( "s "o region1 ) :i* plane ! semi-diamet]1 :e!r ( ! e>? or ( ! t]rella1 produc$ to ! place ( ! region1 makes "r angles on e side4 ,su* a plane is to be consid]$ 9 ! e>? itself & also 9 ! t]rella1 = magnetick pro(s & demon/rations4 ,= we consid] ! bodies !mselves only1 n ! g5]al appe>ances ( ! _w4 ,!re=e n ) ! idea ( outlook 7:i* v>ies ) ! elevations ( ! l&s71 b tak+ x z a plane :i* makes equal angles ) ! p]p5dicul>1 we accept 9 magnetick demon/rations a s5sible horizon or b\nd>y1 n t :i* is call$ by ,a/ronom]s ! rational horizon4 99 99 99 99 99 #ha ,,*ap4 ,,xiii4 ,on ! ,axis & ,magnetick ,poles4 ,let ! l9e be call$ ! axis :i* is drawn 9 ! e>? 7z 9 a t]rella7 ?r\gh ! c5tre to ! poles4 ,!y are call$ ,greek3 poloi by ! ,greeks f ,greek3 pole91 to turn1 & by ! ,lat9s !y are also call$ ,c>d9es or ,v]tices2 because ! _w rotates & is p]petually c>ri$ ar\nd !m4 ,we are ab\t to %[1 inde$1 t ! e>? & a t]rella are turn$ ab\t !m by a magnetick influ5ce4 ,"o ( !m 9 ! e>?1 :i* looks t[>ds ! ,cynosure1 is call$ ,boreal & ,arctic2 ! o!r "o1 opposite to ?is1 is call$ ,au/ral & ,ant>ctic4 ,nor d ^! also exi/ on ! e>? or on a t]rella = ! sake ( ! turn+ m]ely2 b !y are also limits ( direction & position1 bo? z respects de/9$ di/ricts ( ! _w1 & also = correct turn+s among !mselves4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xiiii4 ,:y at ! ,pole itself ! ,coition is /rong] ?an 9 ! o!r p>ts int]m$iate betwe5 ! quator & ! pole2 & on ! proportion ( =ces ( ! coition 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! e>? & ( ! t]rella4 ,obs]vation has already be5 made t ! highe/ p[] ( allur+ exi/s 9 ! pole1 & t x is weak] & m languid 9 ! p>ts adjac5t to ! quator4 ,& z ?is is app>5t 9 ! decl9ation1 because t dispon5t & rotational virtue has an augm5tation z "o proce$s f ! quator t[>ds ! poles3 s also ! coition ( magneticks gr[s increas+ly fre% by ! same /eps1 & 9 ! same proportion4 ,= 9 ! p>ts m remote f ! poles ! load/one does n draw magneticks /raight d[n t[>ds its own visc]a2 b !y t5d obliquely & !y allure obliquely4 ,= z ! smalle/ *ords 9 a circle diff] f ! diamet]1 s mu* d ! =ces ( attract+ diff] betwe5 !mselves 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! t]rella4 #hb ,= s9ce attraction is coition t[>ds a body1 b magneticks run toge!r by _! v]satory t5d5cy1 x comes ab\t t 9 ! diamet] drawn f pole to pole ! body appeals directly1 b 9 o!r places less directly4 ,s ! less ! magnetick is turn$ t[>d ! body1 ! less1 & ! m feebly1 does x approa* & adhre4 ,illu/ration ,j z if ,a ,b 7 ! poles & a b> ( iron or a magnetick fragm5t ,c is allur$ at ! "p ,e2 yet ! end laid hold ( does n t5d t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! load/one1 b v]ges obliquely t[>ds ! pole2 & a *ord drawn f t end obliquely z ! attract$ body t5ds is %ort2 !re=e x has less vig\r & likewise less incl9ation4 ,b z a great] *ord proce$s f a body at ,f1 s its action is /rong]2 at ,g /ill long]2 longe/ at ,a1 ! pole 7= ! diamet] is ! longe/ way7 to :i* all ! p>ts f all sides br+ assi/ance1 9 :i* is con/itut$1 z x 71 ! citadel & tribunal ( ! :ole prov9ce1 n f any wor? ( its own1 b because a =ce resides 9 x contribut$ f all ! o!r p>ts1 j z all ! soldi]s br+ help to _! own comm&]4 ,:]e=e also a slightly long] /one attracts m ?an a sph]ical "o1 s9ce ! l5g? f pole to pole is ext5d$1 ev5 if ! /ones are bo? f ! same m9e & ( ! same weight & size4 ,! way f pole to pole is long] 9 a long] /one1 & ! =ces br\ght toge!r f o!r p>ts are n s scatt]$ z 9 a r\nd magnet & t]rella1 & 9 a n>r[ "o !y agree m & are bett] unit$1 & a unit$ /rong] =ce excels & is preem95t4 ,a mu* weak] (fice1 h[ev]1 does a plane or oblong /one p]=m1 :5 ! l5g? is ext5d$ accord+ to ! lead+ ( ! p>allels1 & ! pole /ops nei!r on ! apex nor 9 ! circle & orbe1 b is spread ov] ! flat4 ,:]e=e also x invites a fri5d wret*$ly1 & feebly reta9s him1 s t x is e/eem$ z "o ( an abject & contemptible class1 accord+ to its less apt & less suitable figure4 99 99 99 99 99 #hc ,,*ap4 ,,xv4 99 ,! ,magnetick ,virtue :i* is conceiv$ 9 ,iron is m app>5t 9 an iron rod ?an 9 a piece ( iron t is r\nd1 squ>e1 or ( o!r figure4 ,duly 0 x said be=e t ! long] magnet attracts ! great] weight ( iron#afg2 s also 9 a longi% piece ( iron :i* has be5 t\*$ ! magnetick =ce conceiv$ is /rong] :5 ! poles exi/ at ! ends4 ,= ! magnetick =ces :i* are driv5 f ! :ole 9 e "p into ! poles are n scatt]$ b unit$ 9 ! n>r[ ends4 ,9 squ>e & o!r angul> figures ! influ5ce is dissipat$1 & does n proce$ 9 /raight l9es or 9 conv5i5t arcs4 ,suppose also an iron globe h ! %ape ( ! e>?1 yet = ! same reasons x drags magnetick sub/ances less2 :]e=e a small iron sph]e1 :5 excit$1 draws ano!r piece ( iron m sluggi%ly ?an an excit$ rod ( equal weight4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xvi4 ,%[+ t ,movem5ts take place by ! ,magnetical ,vig\r ?\gh solid bodies lie betwe52 & on ! int]position ( iron plates4 ,float a piece ( iron wire on ! surface ( wat] by transfix+ x ?r\gh a suitable cork2 or set a v]satory piece ( iron on a p9 or 9 a seaman's compass 7a magnet be+ br\ght ne> or mov$ ab\t und]nea?71 x is put into a /ate ( motion2 nei!r ! wat]1 nor ! vessel1 nor ! compass-box (f]+ resi/ance 9 any way4 ,?ick bo>ds d n ob/ruct#afh1 nor e>!n vessels nor m>ble vases1 nor ! metals !mselves2 no?+ is s solid z to c>ry away or imp$e ! =ces except+ an iron plate4 ,ev]y?+ :i* is int]pos$ 7ev5 ?\gh x is v d5se7 does n c>ry away its influ5ce or ob/ruct its pa?1 or inde$ 9 any way h9d]1 dim9i%1 or ret>d x4 ,b all ! =ce is n suppress$ by an iron plate1 b x is 9 "s measure div]t$ aside4 ,= :5 ! vig\r passes into ! middle ( an iron plate )9 ! orbe ( ! magnetick virtue or plac$ j #hd opposite ! pole ( ! /one1 t virtue is scatt]$ 9 v l>ge measure t[>ds its extremities2 s t ! edges ( a small r\nd 99 plate ( suitable size allure iron wires on e side4 ,?is is also app>5t 9 ! case ( a long iron w&1 :i*1 :5 x has be5 t\*$ by a magnet 9 ! middle1 has a l v]ticity at ei!r end4 99 ,illu/ration ,b is a load/one1 ,c ,d a long rod magnetiz$ 9 ! middle ,a2 ,e be+ ! ,boreal pole2 ,c is an ,au/ral end or pole2 9 l mann] also ! end ,d is ano!r ,au/ral pole4 ,b obs]ve "h ! exactness ) :i* a v]sorium t\*$ by a pole1 :5 a r\nd plate is int]pos$1 turns t[>ds ! same pole 9 ! same 99 way z be=e ! int]position1 only weak]2 ! plate n /&+ 9 ! way1 because ! vig\r is div]t$ ?r\gh ! edges ( ! small plate1 & passes out ( its /raight c\rse1 b yet ! plate reta9s 9 ! middle ! same v]ticity1 :5 x is 9 ! neighb\rhood ( t pole1 & close to x2 :]e=e ! v]sorium t5ds t[>ds ! plate1 hav+ be5 t\*$ by ! same pole4 ,if a load/one is r weak1 a v]sorium h>dly turns :5 a plate is put 9 betwe52 = ! vig\r ( ! r weak load/one1 be+ diffus$ ?r\gh ! extremities1 passes less ?r\gh ! 99 middle4 ,b if ! plate has be5 t\*$ 9 ?is way by a pole 9 ! middle & has be5 remov$ f ! /one outside its orbe ( virtue1 !n y w see ! po9t ( ! same v]sorium t5d 9 ! contr>y direction & des]t ! c5tre ( ! small plate1 :i* =m]ly x desir$2 = outside ! orbe ( virtue x has an opposite v]ticity1 9 ! vic9ity ! same2 = 9 ! vic9ity x is1 z x 71 a "p ( ! load/one1 & has ! same pole4 ,illu/ration ,a is an iron plate ne> ! pole1 ,b a v]sorium :i* t5ds ) its po9t t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! small plate1 :i* has be5 t\*$ by ! pole ( ! load/one ,c4 ,b if ! same small plate be #he plac$ outside ! orbe ( magnetick virtue1 ! po9t w n turn t[>ds its c5tre1 b ! cross ,e ( ! same v]sorium does4 ,b an iron globe int]pos$ 7if x is n too l>ge7 attracts ! 99 po9t ( ! iron on ! o!r side ( ! /one4 ,= ! v]ticity ( t side is ! same z t ( ! adjo9+ pole ( ! /one4 ,& ?is turn+ ( ! cusp 7t is1 ( ! end t\*$ by t pole7 z well z ( ! cross-end1 at a great] di/ance1 takes place ) an iron globe int]pos$1 :i* w\ld n happ5 at all if 99 ! space 7 empty1 because ! magnetick virtue is pass$ on & cont9u$ ?r\gh magnetick bodies4 ,illu/ration ,a is a t]rella1 ,b an iron globe2 betwe5 ! two bodies is ,f1 a v]sorium ^: po9t has be5 excit$ by ! pole ,c4 ,9 ! o!r figure ,a is a t]rella1 ,c its pole1 ,b an iron globe2 :]e ! v]sorium t5ds t[>ds ,c1 ! pole ( ! t]rella1 ?r\gh ! iron globe4 ,s a v]sorium plac$ betwe5 a t]rella & an iron globe vibrates m =cibly t[>ds ! pole ( ! t]rella2 because ! load/one s5ds an in/antane\s v]ticity into ! opposite globe4 ,!re is ! same effici5cy 9 ! e>?1 produc$ f ! same cause4 ,= if a revolvable ne$le is %ut up 9 a r ?ick gold box 7?is metal inde$ excels all o!rs 9 d5sity7 or a glass or /one box1 nev]!less t magnetick ne$le has its =ces connect$ & unit$ ) ! influ5ces ( ! e>?1 & ! iron w turn freely & readily 7unh9d]$ by its prison7 to its desir$ po9ts1 ,nor? & ,s\?4 99 ,x ev5 does ?is :5 %ut up 9 iron cav]ns1 if !y are suffici5tly spaci\s4 ,:atev] bodies are produc$ among u1 or are artificially =g$ f ?+s :i* are produc$1 consi/ ( matt] ( ! t]re/rial globe2 nor d ^? bodies h9d] ! prime =ces ( nature :i* are d]iv$ f _! prim>y =m1 nor c !y resi/ !m except by contr>y =ms4 ,b no =ms ( mix$ bodies are inimical to ! prim>y implant$ e>?-nature1 al?\gh "s (t5 d n agree#afi ) "o ano!r4 ,b 9 ! case ( all ^? sub/ances :i* h a mat]ial cause = _! incl9+ 7z amb]1 #hf jet1 sulphur71 _! action is imp$$ by ! int]position ( a body 7z pap]1 leaves1 glass1 or ! l7 :5 t way is imp$$ & ob/ruct$1 s t t :i* exhales#agj _c rea* ! corpuscle to be allur$4 ,t]re/rial & magnetick coition & motion1 :5 corporeal imp$im5ts are int]pos$1 is demon/rat$ also by ! effici5cies ( o!r *ief bodies due to _! prim>y =m4 ,! moon 7m ?an all ! />s7 agrees ) int]nal p>ts ( ! e>? on acc\nt ( its ne>ness & simil>ity 9 =m4 ,! moon produces ! movem5ts ( ! wat]s & ! tides ( ! sea2 twice x fills up ! %ores & empties !m :il/ x moves f a c]ta9 def9ite po9t 9 ! sky back to ! same po9t 9 a daily revolution4 ,?is motion ( ! wat]s is incit$ & ! seas rise & fall no less :5 ! moon is bel[ ! horizon & 9 ! l[e/ "p ( ! heav5s1 ?an if x _h be5 rais$ at a height above ! horizon4 ,s ! :ole mass ( ! e>? int]pos$#aga does n resi/ ! action ( ! moon1 :5 x is bel[ ! e>?2 b ! seas bord]+ on our %ores1 9 c]ta9 positions ( ! sky :5 x is bel[ ! horizon1 are kept 9 motion1 & likewise /irr$ by its p[] 7?\gh !y are n /ruck by its rays nor illum9at$ by its light71 rise1 come up ) great =ce1 & rec$e4 ,b ab\t ! reason ( ! tides anon#agb2 "h let x suffice to h m]ely t\*$ ! ?re%old ( ! "q4 ,9 l mann] no?+ on ! e>? c be hidd5 f ! magnetick disposition ( ! e>? or ( ! /one1 & all magnetical bodies are r$uc$ to ord] by ! dom9ant =m ( ! e>?1 & load/one & iron %[ sympa?y ) a load/one ?\gh solid bodies be int]pos$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xvii4 ,on ! ,iron ,cap ( a ,load/one1 ) :i* x is arm$ at ! pole 7= ! sake ( ! virtue7 & on ! efficacy ( ! same4 ,conceive a small r\nd plate1 concave 9 %ape1 ( ! bread? ( a digit to be appli$ to ! convex pol> surface ( a load/one & skilfully atta*$2 or a piece ( iron %ap$ l an acorn1 ris+ f ! base into an obtuse cone1 holl[$ out a little & fitt$ to ! surface ( ! /one1 to be ti$ to ! load/one4 ,let ! iron be ! be/ /eel1 smoo!d1 %9+1 & ev54 ,a load/one ) su* an appliance1 :i* be=e only bore f\r ounces ( iron1 w n[ raise twelve4 ,b ! greate/ =ce ( a comb9+ or r unit$ nature is se5 #hg :5 two load/ones1 arm$ ) iron caps1 are s jo9$ by _! concurr5t 7commonly call$ contr>y7 ends1 t !y mutually 99 attract & raise "o ano!r4 ,9 ?is way a weight ( tw5ty ounces is rais$1 :5 ei!r /one un>m$ w\ld only allure f\r ounces ( iron4 ,iron unites to an arm$ load/one m firmly ?an to a load/one2 & on t acc\nt raises great] weights1 because ! pieces ( iron /ick m p]t9aci\sly to "o t is arm$4 ,= by ! ne> pres5ce ( ! magnet !y are cem5t$ toge!r1 & s9ce ! armature#agc conceives a magnetick vig\r f its pres5ce & ! o!r conjo9$ piece ( iron is at ! same "t endu$ ) vig\r f ! pres5ce ( ! load/one1 !y are firmly b\nd toge!r4 ,!re=e by ! mutual contact ( /rong pieces ( iron1 ! cohesion is /rong4 ,:i* ?+ is also made cle> & is exhibit$ by means ( rods /ick+ toge!r1 ,bk4 #c1 *ap #dagd2 & also :5 ! "q ( ! concretion ( iron du/ into a unit$ body 0 discuss$4 ,= ?is reason a piece ( iron set ne> a load/one draws away any suitable piece ( iron f ! load/one1 if only x t\* ! iron2 o!rwise x does n snat* x away1 ?\gh 9 close/ proximity4 ,= magnetick pieces ( iron )9 ! orbe ( virtue1 or ne> a load/one1 d n ru% toge!r ) a great] endeav\r#age ?an ! iron & ! magnet2 b jo9$ !y are unit$ m /rongly &1 z x 71 cem5t$ toge!r1 ?\gh ! sub/ance rema9 ! same ) ! same =ces act+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xviii4 ,an arm$ ,load/one does n end[ an excit$ piece ( ,iron ) great] vig\r ?an an un>m$4 ,suppose !re are two pieces ( iron1 "o ( 99 :i* has be5 excit$ by an arm$ load/one1 ! o!r by "o un>m$2 & let !re be appli$ to "o ( !m ano!r piece ( iron ( a weight j proportional to its /r5g?1 x is manife/ t ! rema9+ "o 9 l mann] raises ! same & no m4 ,magnetick v]soria also t\*$ by an arm$ load/one turn ) ! same velocity & con/ancy t[>ds ! poles ( ! e>? z ^? magnetiz$ by ! same load/one un>m$4 99 99 99 99 99 #hh ,,*ap4 ,,xix4 ,union ) an arm$ ,load/one is /rong]2 h5ce great] weights are rais$2 b ! coition is n /rong]#agf1 b g5]ally weak]4 ,an arm$ magnet raises a great] weight1 z is manife/ to all2 b a piece ( iron moves t[>ds a /one at an equal1 or r great]1 di/ance :5 x 99 is b>e1 )\t an iron cap4 ,?is mu/ be tri$ ) two pieces ( iron ( ! same weight & figure at an equal di/ance1 or ) "o & ! same v]sorium1 ! te/ be+ made fir/ ) an arm$1 !n ) an un>m$ load/one1 at equal di/ances4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration ,,*ap4 ,,xx4 99 ,an arm$ ,load/one raises an arm$ ,load/one1 :i* also attracts a ?ird2 :i* likewise happ5s1 ?\gh ! virtue 9 ! fir/ be some:at small4 ,magnets arm$ cohre firmly :5 duly jo9$1 & accord into "o2 & ?\gh ! fir/ be r weak1 yet ! second "o adhres to x n only by ! /r5g? ( ! fir/1 b ( ! second1 :i* mutually give help+ h&s2 also to ! second a ?ird (t5 adh]es & 9 ! case ( robu/ /ones1 a f\r? to ! ?ird4 99 99 99 99 99 #hi ,,*ap4 ,,xxi4 99 ,if ,pap] or any o!r ,m$ium be int]pos$1 an arm$ load/one raises no m ?an an un>m$ "o4 ,obs]vation has %[n above t an arm$ load/one does n attract at a great] di/ance ?an an un>m$ "o2 yet raises iron 9 great] quantity1 if x is jo9$ to & made cont9u\s ) ! iron4 ,b if ,pap] be plac$ betwe51 t intimate cohsion ( ! metal is h9d]$1 nor are ! metals cem5t$ toge!r at ! same "t by ! op]ation ( ! magnet4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration ,,*ap4 ,,xxii4 99 ,t an arm$ ,load/one draws ,iron no m ?an an un>m$ "o3 ,& t an arm$ "o is m /rongly unit$ to iron is %[n by means ( an arm$ load/one & a poli%$ cyl9d] ( iron4 ,if a cyl9d] be ly+ on a level surface1 ( too great a weight = an un>m$ load/one to lift1 & 7a piece ( pap] be+ int]pos$7 if ! pole ( an arm$ load/one be jo9$ to ! middle ( x2 if ! cyl9d] 7 drawn f !re by ! load/one1 x w\ld foll[ roll+2 b if no m$ium 7 int]pos$1 ! cyl9d] w\ld be drawn along firmly unit$ ) ! arm$ load/one1 & 9 no wise roll+4 ,b if ! same load/one be un>m$1 x w draw ! cyl9d] roll+ ) ! same spe$ z ! arm$ load/one ) ! pap] betwe5 or :5 x 0 wrapp$ 9 pap]4 ,arm$ load/ones ( div]se weights1 ( ! same ore vig\r 99 & =m1 cl+ & hang to pieces ( iron ( a conv5i5t size & proportionate figure ) an equal proportion ( /r5g?4 ,! same is app>5t 9 ! case ( un>m$ /ones4 ,a suitable piece 99 ( iron be+ appli$ to ! l[] "p ( a load/one1 :i* is 99 hang+ f a magnetick body1 excites its vig\r1 s t ! load/one hangs on m firmly4 ,= a p5d5t load/one cl+s #ij m firmly to a magnetick body jo9$ to x above ) a hang+ piece ( iron add$ to x1 ?an :5 lead or any o!r non-magnetick body is hung on4 ,a load/one1 :e!r arm$ or un>m$1 99 jo9$ by its prop] pole to ! pole ( ano!r load/one1 arm$ or un>m$1 makes ! load/one raise a great] weight by ! opposite end#agg4 ,a piece ( iron also appli$ to ! pole ( a magnet produces ! same result1 namely1 t ! o!r pole w c>ry a great] weight ( iron2 j z a load/one ) a piece ( iron sup]pos$ on x 7z 9 ?is figure7 holds up a piece ( iron bel[1 :i* x _c hold1 if ! upp] "o be remov$4 99 ,magneticks 9 conjunction make "o magnetick4 ,:]e=e z ! mass increases1 ! magnetick vig\r is also augm5t$4 ,an arm$ load/one1 z well z an un>m$ 99 "o1 runs m readily to a l>g] piece ( iron & comb9es m firmly ) a l>g] piece ?an ) a less] "o4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xxiii4 ,magnetick ,=ce causes motion t[>ds unity1 & b9ds firmly toge!r bodies :i* are unit$4 ,magnetick fragm5ts cohre )9 _! /r5g? well & h>moni\sly toge!r4 ,pieces ( iron 9 ! pres5ce ( a load/one 7ev5 if !y are n 99 t\*+ ! load/one7 run toge!r1 seek "o ano!r anxi\sly & embrace "o ano!r1 & :5 jo9$ are z if !y 7 cem5t$4 ,iron 99 fil+s or ! same r$uc$ to p[d] ins]t$ 9 pap] tubes1 plac$ ^u a /one m]idionally or m]ely br\ght r close to x1 coalesce into "o body1 & s _m p>ts sudd5ly are concret$ 99 & comb9e2 & ! :ole company ( corpuscles ?us conspir+ toge!r affects ano!r piece ( iron & attracts x1 z if x con/itut$ "o integral rod ( iron2 & above ! /one x is direct$ t[>d ! ,nor? & ,s\?4 ,b :5 !y are remov$ a long 99 #ia way f ! /one1 ! p>ticles 7z if loos$ aga97 are sep>at$ & move ap>t s+ly4 ,9 ?is way also ! f\ndations ( ! _w are connect$ & jo9$ & cem5t$ toge!r magnetically4 ,s let ,ptolemy ( ,alex&ria1 & 8 foll[]s1 & ^? philosoph]s ( ours1 be ! less t]rifi$ if ! e>? d move r\nd 9 a circle1 nor ?reat5 its dissolution4 ,iron fil+s1 aft] be+ heat$ = a long "t1 are attract$ by a load/one1 yet n s /rongly or f s great a di/ance z :5 n heat$4 ,a load/one loses "s ( its virtue by too great a heat2 = its hum\r is set free1 :5ce its peculi> nature is m>r$4 ,likewise also1 if iron fil+s are well burnt 9 a rev]b]atory furnace & conv]t$ into saffron ( ,m>s1 !y are n attract$ by a load/one2 b if !y are heat$1 b n ?or\ghly burnt1 !y d /ick to a magnet1 b less /rongly ?an ! fil+s !mselves n act$ ^u by fire4 ,= ! saffron has become totally de=mate1 b ! heat$ metal acquires a defect f ! fire1 & ! =ces 9 ! enfeebl$ body are less excit$ by a load/one2 &1 ! nature ( ! iron be+ n[ ru9$1 x is n attract$ by a load/one4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xxiiii4 ,a piece ( ,iron plac$ )9 ! ,orbe ( a ,load/one hangs susp5d$ 9 ! air1 if on acc\nt ( "s imp$im5t x _c approa* x4 ,)9 ! magnetick orbe a piece ( iron moves t[>ds ! m p[]ful po9ts ( ! /one1 if x be n h9d]$ by =ce or by ! mat]ial ( a body plac$ betwe5 !m2 ei!r x falls d[n f above1 or t5ds sideways or obliquely1 or flies up above4 ,b if ! iron _c rea* ! /one on acc\nt ( "s ob/acle1 x cleaves to x & rema9s !re1 b ) a less firm & con/ant connection1 s9ce at great] int]vals or di/ances ! alliance is less amicable4 ,fraca/orio1 9 ! eigh? *apt] ( 8 ,de ,sympa?ia1 says t a piece ( iron is susp5d$ 9 ! air1 s t x c be mov$ nei!r up nor d[n1 if a load/one be plac$ above :i* is able to draw ! iron up j z mu* z ! iron itself incl9es d[nw>ds ) equal =ce2 = ?us ! iron w\ld be support$ 9 ! air3 :i* ?+ is absurd2 because ! =ce ( a magnet is #ib always ! /rong] ! ne>] x is4 ,s t :5 a piece ( iron is rais$ a v little f ! e>? by ! =ce ( ! magnet1 x ne$s mu/ be drawn /eadily on t[>ds ! magnet 7if no?+ else come 9 ! way7 & cleave to x4 ,bapti/a ,porta susp5ds a piece ( iron 9 ! air#agh 7a magnet be+ fix$ above71 &1 by no v subtile process1 ! iron is deta9$ by a sl5d] ?read f its l[] "p1 s t x _c rise up to ! /one4 ,! iron is rais$ upright by ! magnet1 al?\gh ! magnet does n 99 t\* ! iron1 b because x is 9 its vic9ity2 b :5 ! :ole iron on acc\nt ( its great] ne>ness is mov$ by t :i* erect$ x1 imm$iately x hurries ) a swift motion to ! magnet & cleaves to x4 ,= by approa*+ ! iron is m & m excit$1 & ! coition gr[s /rong]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xxv4 ,exaltation ( ! p[] ( ! ,magnet4 ,"o load/one f> surpasses ano!r 9 p[]1 s9ce "o draws iron ( almo/ its own weight1 ano!r c h>dly /ir "s %r$s4 ,:atev] ?+s1 :e!r animals or plants1 are end[$ ) life ne$ "s sort ( n\ri%m5t1 by :i* _! /r5g? n only p]si/s b gr[s firm] & m vigor\s4 ,b iron is n1 z x seem$ to ,c>dan & to ,alex&] ,aphrodiseus1 attract$ by ! load/one 9 ord] t x may fe$ on %r$s ( x1 nor does ! load/one take up vig\r f iron fil+s z if by a repa/ on victuals4 ,s9ce ,porta _h d\bts on ?is & resolv$ to te/ x1 he took a load/one ( asc]ta9$ weight1 & buri$ x 9 iron fil+s ( n unkn[n weight2 & :5 he _h left x !re = _m mon?s1 he f\nd ! /one ( great] weight1 ! fil+s ( less4 ,b ! diff]5ce 0 s sl5d] t he 0 ev5 !n d\btful z to ! tru?4 ,:at 0 done by him does n convict ! /one ( voracity1 nor does x %[ any nutrition2 = m9ute portions ( ! fil+s are easily scatt]$ 9 h&l+4 ,s also a v f9e du/ is ins5sibly born on a load/one 9 "s v slight quantity1 by :i* some?+ might h be5 add$ to ! weight ( ! load/one b :i* is only a surface accretion & might ev5 be wip$ (f ) no great difficulty4 ,"s ?9k t a weak & sluggi% /one c br+ itself back into bett] condition1 & t a v p[]ful "o also might pres5t x ) ! highe/ p[]s4 ,d !y acquire /r5g? l animals :5 #ic !y eat & are sat$8 ,is ! m$ic9e prep>$ by addition or subtraction8 ,is !re any?+ :i* c re-create ?is prim>y =m or be/[ x anew8 ,&1 c]tes1 no?+ c d ?is :i* is n magnetical4 ,magneticks c re/ore a c]ta9 s\ndness to magneticks 7:5 n incurable72 "s c ev5 exalt !m beyond _! prop] /r5g?2 b :5 a body is at ! height ( p]fection 9 its own nature1 x is n capable ( be+ /r5g!n$ fur!r4 ,s t t impo/ure ( ,p>acelsus1 :o affirms t ! =ce & virtue c be increas$ & transmut$ t5fold1 turns out to be ! m infam\s4 ,! me?od ( effect+ ?is is z foll[s1 viz41 y make x semi-inc&esc5t 9 a fire ( *>coal 7t is1 y heat x v hot71 s t x does n become r$-hot1 h[ev]1 & imm$iately slake x1 z mu* inde$ z x c imbibe1 9 oil ( saffron ( ,m>s1 made f ! be/ ,c>yn?ian /eel4 ,9 ?is way y w be able s to /r5g!n a load/one t x c draw a nail out ( a wall & accompli% _m o!r l wond]ful ?+s1 :i* are n possible = a common load/one4 ,b a load/one ?us slak$ 9 oil n only does n ga9 p[]1 b suff]s also a c]ta9 loss ( its inborn /r5g?4 ,a load/one is improv$ if poli%$ & rubb$ ) /eel4 ,buri$ 9 fil+s ( ! be/ iron or ( pure /eel1 n ru/y1 x pres]ves its /r5g?4 ,sometimes also a some:at good & /rong "o ga9s ,illu/ration "s /r5g? :5 x is rubb$ on ! pole ( ano!r1 on ! opposite "p1 & receives virtue4 ,9 all ^! exp]im5ts x is an advantage to obs]ve ! pole ( ! e>?1 & to adju/ accord+ to magnetick laws ! /one :i* we wi% to /r5g!n2 :i* we %all set =? bel[4 ,a some:at p[]ful & fairly l>ge load/one increases ! /r5g? ( a load/one z x does ( iron4 ,a load/one be+ plac$ ov] ! boreal pole ( a load/one1 99 #id ! boreal pole becomes /rong]1 & an iron rod 7l an arr[7 /icks to ! boreal pole ,a1 b n at all to ! pole ,b4 ,! pole ,a also1 :5 x is at ! top 9 a "r l9e ) ! axis ( bo? load/ones jo9$ 9 accordance ) magnetick laws1 raises ! rod to ! p]p5dicul>1 :i* x _c d if ! l>ge load/one be remov$1 on acc\nt ( its own weak] /r5g?4 ,b z a small iron globe1 :5 plac$ above ! pole ( a t]rella1 raises ! rod to ! 99 p]p5dicul>1 s1 :5 plac$ at ! side1 ! rod is n direct$ t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! globe1 b is rais$ obliquely & cleaves any:]e1 because ! pole 9 a r\nd piece ( iron is always ! po9t :i* is jo9$ mo/ closely to ! pole ( ! t]rella & is n con/ant z 9 a small] t]rella4 ,! p>ts ( ! e>?1 z ( all magneticks1 are 9 agreem5t & take delight 9 _! mutual proximity2 if plac$ 9 ! highe/ p[]1 !y d n h>m _! inf]iors1 nor slight !m2 !re is a mutual love among !m all1 a p]5nial good feel+4 ,! weak] load/ones are re-creat$ by ! m p[]ful1 & ! less p[]ful cause no h>m to ! /rong]4 ,b a p[]ful "o attracts & turns a some:at /rong "o m ?an x does an impot5t "o4 ,because a /r5u\s "o conf]s a /rong] activity1 & itself ha/5s1 flies up to ! o!r1 & solicits x m ke5ly2 !re=e !re is a m c]ta9 & a /rong] co-action & cohr5cy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xxvi4 ,:y !re %\ld appe> to be a great] love betwe5 iron & load/one1 ?an betwe5 load/one & load/one1 or betwe5 iron & iron1 :5 close to ! load/one1 )9 its orbe ( virtue4 ,magnet attracts magnet1 n 9 e "p & on e side ) equal conditions1 z iron1 b at "o & a fix$ po9t2 !re=e ! poles ( bo? mu/ be exactly dispos$1 o!rwise !y d n cleave toge!r duly & /rongly4 ,b ?is disposition is n easy & exp$iti\s2 :]e=e a load/one seems n to con=m to a load/one1 :5 nev]!less !y agree v well toge!r4 ,a piece ( iron by ! sudd5 impression ( a load/one is n only allur$ by ! /one1 b is r5ew$1 its =ces be+ drawn =?2 by :i* x foll[s & solicits ! load/one ) no less impulse1 & ev5 leads ano!r piece ( iron captive4 ,let !re be a small iron spike above a load/one cl++ firmly to x2 if y apply an unmagnetiz$ rod ( iron to ! spike1 n1 h[ev]1 #ie s t x t\*es ! /one1 y w see ! spike :5 x has t\*$ ! iron1 leav+ ! load/one1 foll[ ! rod1 try to grasp x by lean+ t[>d x1 & 7if x %\ld t\* x7 cleave firmly to x3 = a piece ( iron1 :5 unit$ & jo9$ to ano!r piece ( iron plac$ )9 ! orbe ( virtue ( ! load/one1 draws x m /rongly ?an does ! load/one itself4 ,! natural magnetick virtue1 confus$ & dormant 9 ! iron1 is ar\s$ by ! load/one1 is l9k$ to ! load/one1 & rejoices ) x 9 its prim>y =m2 !n smelt$ iron becomes a p]fect magnetick1 z robu/ z ! load/one itself4 ,= z ! "o imp>ts & /irs1 s ! o!r conceives1 & be+ /irr$ rema9s 9 virtue1 & p\rs back ! =ces also by its own activity4 ,b s9ce iron is m l iron ?an load/one1 & ! virtue 9 bo? pieces ( iron is exalt$ by ! proximity ( ! load/one1 s 9 ! load/one itself1 9 case ( equal /r5g?1 lik5ess ( sub/ance prevails1 & iron gives itself up r to iron1 & !y are unit$ by _! v simil> homog5ic p[]s4 ,:i* ?+ happ5s n s mu* f a coition1 z f a firm] unition2 & a knob or sn\t ( /eel1 fix$ skilfully on ! pole ( ! /one1 raises great] weights ( iron ?an ! /one ( itself c\ld4 ,:5 /eel or iron is smelt$ f load/one or iron ore1 ! slag & corrupt sub/ances are sep>at$ f ! bett] by ! fusion ( ! mat]ial2 :5ce 79 v l>ge measure7 t iron conta9s ! nature ( ! e>?1 purifi$ f ali5 flaw & blemi%1 & m homog5ic & p]fect1 ?\gh de=m$ by ! fusion4 ,& :5 t mat]ial inde$ is provok$ by a load/one1 x conceives ! magnetick virtues1 & )9 _! orbe is rais$ 9 /r5g? m ?an ! weak] load/one1 :i* ) u is (t5 n free f "s admixture ( impurities4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xxvii4 99 ,! ,c5tre ( ! ,magnetick ,virtues 9 ! e>? is ! c5tre ( ! e>?2 & 9 a t]rella is ! c5tre ( ! /one4 ,rays ( magnetick virtue spread out 9 e direction 9 an orbe2 ! c5tre ( ?is orbe is n at ! pole 7z ,bapti/a ,porta reckons1 ,*ap4 #bb71 b 9 ! c5tre ( ! /one & ( ! t]rella4 ,s also ! c5tre ( ! e>? is ! c5tre ( ! magnetick motions ( ! e>?2 ?\gh magneticks are n borne directly t[>d ! c5tre by magnetical motion1 except :5 !y are attract$ by ! true pole4 ,= s9ce ! =mal #if p[] ( ! /one & ( ! e>? does n promote any?+ b ! unity & con=mity ( disjo9$ bodies1 x comes ab\t t ev]y:]e at an equal di/ance f ! c5tre or f ! circumf]5ce1 j z x seems to attract p]p5dicul>ly at "o place1 s at ano!r x is able ev5 to dispose & to turn1 provid$ ! /one is n unev5 9 virtue4 ,= if at ! di/ance ,c f ! pole ,d ! /one is able to allure a v]sorium1 99 at an equally long int]val above ! quator at ,a t /one c also direct & turn ! v]sorium4 ,s ! v c5tre & middle ( ! t]rella is ! c5tre ( its virtue1 & f ?is to ! circumf]5ce ( ! orbe 7at equal int]vals on e side7 its magnetick virtues are emitt$4 ,illu/ration 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xxviii4 ,a ,load/one attracts magneticks n only to a fix$ po9t or pole1 b to e "p ( a t]rella save ! qu9octial zone4 ,coitions are always m p[]ful :5 poles are ne> poles1 s9ce 9 !m by ! concordancy ( ! :ole !re exi/s a /rong] =ce2 :]e=e ! "o embraces ! o!r m /rongly4 ,places decl9+ f ! poles h attractive =ces1 b a little weak] & languid 9 ! ratio ( _! di/ance2 s t at l5g? on ! qu9octial circle !y are utt]ly en]vat$ & evanesc5t4 ,nei!r d ev5 ! poles attract z ma!matical po9ts2 nor d magneticks come into conjunction by _! own poles1 only on ! poles ( a load/one4 ,b coition #ig is made on e "p ( ! p]iph]y1 bo? ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn1 by virtue emanat+ f ! :ole body2 magneticks nev]!less incl9e languidly t[>ds magneticks 9 ! p>ts bord]+ on ! quator1 b quickly 9 places ne>] ! pole4 ,:]e=e n ! poles1 n ! p>ts alone ne>e/ to ! pole allure & invite magneticks1 b magneticks are dispos$ & turn$ r\nd & comb9e ) magneticks 9 proportion z ! p>ts fac+ & adjo9$ unite _! =ces toge!r1 :i* are always ( ! same pot5cy 9 ! same p>allel1 unless !y are di/ribut$ o!rwise f causes ( v>iation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xxix4 ,on ,v>iety ( ,/r5g? due to ,quantity or ,mass4 ,q simil> 9 pot5cy are ^? /ones :i* are ( ! same m9e1 & n corrupt$ by adjac5t ores or ve9s4 ,nev]!less t :i* excels 9 size %[s great] p[]s1 s9ce x seizes great] weights & has a wid] orbe ( virtue4 ,= a load/one weigh+ "o ounce does n lift a l>ge nail z does "o weigh+ a p\nd1 nor does x rule s widely1 nor ext5d its =ces2 & if f a load/one ( a p\nd weight a portion is tak5 away1 some?+ ( its p[] w be se5 to g also2 = :5 a portion is ab/ract$ ! virtue is less5$4 ,b if t "p is prop]ly appli$ & unit$ to x1 ?\gh x is n fa/5$ 99 to nor gr[n into x1 yet by ! application x obta9s its pri/9e p[] & its vig\r returns4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 :5 a "p is tak5 away1 ! virtue turns out to be /rong] on acc\nt ( ! 99 bad %ape ( ! /one1 namely1 :5 ! vig\r is scatt]$ ?r\gh inconv5i5t angles4 ,9 v>i\s species ! ratio is v>i\s1 = "o /one ( a dra*m weight draws m ?an ano!r ( tw5ty p\nds4 ,s9ce 9 v _m ! influ5ce is s effete t x c h>dly be p]ceiv$1 ^? weak /ones are surpass$ by prep>$ pieces ( clay4 ,b1 x may be ask$#agi1 if a /one ( ! same species & goodness weigh+ a dra*m w\ld seize ^u a dra*m ( iron1 w\ld a /one ( an ounce weight seize on an ounce1 a p\nd on a p\nd1 & s on8 ,& ?is is inde$ true2 = x bo? /ra9s & remits its /r5g? proportionately1 s t if a load/one1 "o dra*m ( :i* w\ld attract "o dra*m ( iron1 7 9 equal proportion appli$ ei!r to a suitably l>ge obelisk or to an imm5se pyramid ( iron1 x w\ld lift x directly 9 su* #ih proportion & w\ld draw x t[>ds itself ) no great] ef=t ( its nature or tr\ble ?an a load/one ( a dra*m weight embraces a dra*m4 ,b 9 all su* exp]im5ts z ?is let ! vig\r ( ! magnets be equal2 let !re be also a j proportion 9 all ( ! %apes ( ! /ones1 & let ! %ape ( ! iron to be attract$ be ! same1 & ! goodness ( ! metal1 & let ! position ( ! poles ( ! load/ones be mo/ exact4 ,?is is also no less true 9 ! case ( an arm$ load/one ?an ( an un>m$ "o4 ,= ! sake ( exp]im5t1 let !re be giv5 a load/one ( eight ounces weight1 :i* :5 arm$ lifts twelve ounces ( iron2 if y cut (f f t load/one a c]ta9 portion1 :i* :5 x has be5 99 r$uc$ to ! %ape ( ! =m] :ole "o is !n only ( two ounces1 su* a load/one arm$ lifts a piece ( iron appli$ to x ( ?ree ounces1 9 proportion to ! mass4 ,9 ?is exp]im5t also ! piece ( iron ( ?ree ounces ought to h ! same %ape z ! =m] "o ( twelve ounces2 if t rose up into a cone1 x is necess>y t ?is also 9 ! ratio ( its mass %\ld be giv5 a pyramidal %ape proportion$ to ! =m]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xxx4 ,! ,%ape & ,mass ( ! ,iron are ( mo/ importance 9 coition4 ,obs]vation has %[n above t ! %ape & mass ( ! load/one h great influ5ce 9 magnetick coitions2 likewise also ! %ape & mass ( ! iron bodies give back m p[]ful & /eady =ces4 ,oblong iron rods are bo? drawn m quickly to a load/one & cleave to x ) great] ob/9acy ?an r\nd or squ>e pieces1 = ! same reasons :i* we h prov5 9 ! case ( ! load/one4 ,b1 moreov]1 ?is is also wor?y ( obs]vation1 t a small] piece ( iron1 to :i* is hung a weight ( ano!r mat]ial1 s t x is altoge!r 9 weight equal to ano!r l>ge :ole piece ( iron ( a "r weight 99 7z reg>ds ! /r5g? ( ! load/one71 is n lift$ by ! load/one z ! l>g] piece ( iron w\ld be4 ,= a small] piece ( iron does n jo9 ) a load/one s firmly1 because x s5ds back less /r5g?1 & only t :i* is magnetick conceives /r5g?2 ! =eign mat]ial hung on _c acquire magnetick =ces4 99 99 99 99 99 #ii ,,*ap4 ,,xxxi4 ,on ,long & ,r\nd ,/ones4 ,pieces ( iron jo9 m firmly ) a long /one ?an ) a r\nd "o1 provid$ t ! pole ( ! /one is at ! extremity & end ( its l5g?2 because1 =soo?1 9 ! case ( a long /one1 a magnetick is direct$ at ! end /raight t[>ds ! body 9 :i* ! virtue proce$s 9 /raight] l9es & ?r\gh ! long] diamet]4 ,b a some:at long /one has b little p[] on ! side1 mu* less inde$ ?an a r\nd "o4 ,x is demon/rable#ahj1 inde$1 t at ,a & ,b ! coition is 99 /rong] 9 a r\nd /one ?an at ,c & ,d1 at l di/ances f ! pole4 ,illu/ration 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xxxii4 ,c]ta9 ,problems & ,magnetick ,exp]im5ts ab\t ! ,coition1 & ,sep>ation1 & regul> ,motion ( bodies magnetical4 ,equal load/ones come toge!r ) equal incitation4 99 ,also magnetick bodies ( iron1 if alike 9 all respects1 99 come toge!r :5 excit$ ) simil> incitation4 ,fur!rmore1 bodies ( iron n excit$ by a 99 load/one1 if !y are alike & n weigh$ d[n by _! bulk1 move t[>ds "o ano!r ) equal motion4 ,two load/ones1 dispos$ on ! surface ( "s wat] 9 #ajj suitable skiffs1 if !y are drawn up suitably )9 _! orbes ( virtue1 incite "o ano!r mutually to an embrace4 ,s a proportionate 99 piece ( iron 9 "o skiff hurries ) ! same spe$ t[>ds ! load/one z ! load/one itself 9 its boat /rives t[>ds ! iron4 ,f _! own positions1 inde$1 !y are s borne toge!r1 t !y are jo9$ & come to re/ at l5g? 9 ! middle ( ! space4 ,two iron wires magnetically excit$1 float+ 9 wat] by means ( 99 suitable pieces ( cork1 /rive to t\* & mutually /rike "o ano!r ) _! correspond+ ends1 & are conjo9$4 ,coition is firm] & swift] ?an repulsion & sep>ation 9 99 equal magnetick sub/ances4 ,t magnetick sub/ances are m sluggi%ly repell$ ?an !y are attract$ is manife/ 9 all magnetical exp]im5ts 9 ! case ( /ones float+ on wat] 9 suitable skiffs2 also 9 ! case ( iron wires or rods swimm+ 7transfix$ ?r\gh corks7 & well excit$ by a load/one1 & 9 ! case ( v]soria4 ,?is comes ab\t because1 ?\gh !re is "o faculty ( coition1 ano!r ( con=mation or disposition1 repulsion & av]sion is caus$ m]ely by some?+ dispos+2 on ! o!r h&1 ! com+ toge!r is by a mutual allur+ to contact & a dispos+1 t is1 by a d\ble vig\r4 ,a dispon5t vig\r is (t5 only ! precursor ( coition1 9 ord] t ! bodies may /& conv5i5tly = "o ano!r be=e conjunction2 :]e=e also !y are turn$ r\nd to ! correspond+ ends1 if !y c n#aha rea* !m ?r\gh ! h9drances4 ,illu/ration ,if a load/one be divid$ ?r\gh a m]idian into two equal p>ts1 ! sep>ate p>ts mutually repel "o ano!r1 ! poles be+ 99 plac$ directly opposite "o ano!r at a conv5i5t & equal di/ance4 ,!y repel "o ano!r also ) a great] velocity ?an :5 pole is put opposite pole incongru\sly4 ,j z ! "p ,b ( ! load/one1 plac$ almo/ opposite ! "p ,a1 repels x float+ 9 its skiff1 because ,d turns away f ,f1 & ,e f ,c2 b if ,b is exactly jo9$ ) ,a aga91 !y agree & become "o body #aja magnetical2 b 9 proximity !y raise enmities4 ,b if "o "p ( ! /one is turn$ r\nd1 s t ,c faces ,d & ,f faces ,e1 !n ,a pursues ,b )9 its orbe until !y are unit$4 ,! ,s\!rn p>ts ( ! /one avoid ! ,s\!rn p>ts1 & ! ,nor!rn p>ts ! ,nor!rn4 ,nev]!less1 if by =ce y move up ! ,s\!rn cusp ( a piece ( iron too ne> ! ,s\!rn "p ( ! /one1 ! cusp is seiz$ & bo? are l9k$ toge!r 9 fri5dly embraces3 because x imm$iately rev]ses ! implant$ v]ticity ( ! iron1 & x is *ang$ by ! pres5ce ( ! m p[]ful /one1 :i* is m con/ant 9 its =ces ?an ! iron4 ,= !y come toge!r accord+ to _! nature1 if by rev]sal & mutation true con=mity is produc$1 & j coition1 z also regul> direction4 ,load/ones ( ! same %ape1 size1 & vig\r1 attract "o ano!r mutually ) l efficacy1 & 9 ! opposite position repel "o ano!r mutually ) a l vig\r4 ,iron rods n t\*$1 ?\gh alike & equal1 d yet (t5 act 99 ^u "o ano!r ) diff]5t =ces2 because z ! reasons ( _! acquir$ v]ticity1 also ( _! /ability & vig\r1 are diff]5t1 s ! m /rongly !y are excit$1 ! m vigor\sly d !y incite4 ,pieces ( iron excit$ by "o & ! same pole mutually repel 99 "o ano!r by ^? ends at :i* !y 7 excit$2 !n also ! opposite ends to ^? 9 ^! iron pieces raise enmities "o to ano!r4 ,9 v]soria ^: cusps h be5 rubb$1 b n _! cross-ends1 99 ! crosses mutually repel "o ano!r1 b weakly & 9 proportion to _! l5g?4 ,9 l v]soria ! cusps1 hav+ be5 t\*$ by ! same 99 pole ( ! load/one1 attract ! cross-ends ) equal /r5g?4 ,9 a some:at long v]sorium ! cross-end is attract$ r 99 weakly by ! cusp ( a %ort] iron v]sorium2 ! cross ( ! %ort] m /rongly by ! cusp ( ! long]1 because ! cross ( ! long] v]sorium has a weak v]ticity1 b ! cusp has a /rong]4 ,! cusp ( a long] v]sorium drives away ! cusp ( a 99 %ort] "o m vehem5tly ?an ! cusp ( ! %ort] ! cusp ( ! long]1 if ! "o is free ^u a p91 & ! o!r is held 9 ! h&2 = ?\gh bo? 7 equally excit$ by ! same load/one1 yet ! long] "o is /rong] at its cusp on acc\nt ( its great] mass4 ,! ,s\!rn end ( an iron rod :i* is n excit$ attracts 99 ! ,nor!rn1 & ! ,nor!rn ! ,s\!rn2 moreov]1 also ! ,s\!rn p>ts repel ! ,s\!rn1 & ! ,nor!rn ! ,nor!rn4 ,if magnetick sub/ances are divid$ or 9 any way brok5 9 pieces1 ea* "p has a ,nor!rn & a ,s\!rn end4 #ajb ,a v]sorium is mov$ z f> (f by a load/one :5 an ob/acle 99 is put 9 ! way1 z ?r\gh air & an op5 m$ium4 ,rods rubb$ ^u ! pole ( a /one /rive aft] ! same pole 99 & foll[ x4 ,!re=e ,bapti/a ,porta errs :5 he says1 *apt] #djahb1 ,if y put t "p to x f :i* x receiv$ its =ce1 x w n endure x1 b drives x f x1 & draws to x ! contr>y & opposite "p4 ,! pr9ciples ( turn+ r\nd & incl9+ are ! same 9 ! case ( load/one to load/one1 ( load/one to iron1 ( iron also to iron4 ,:5 magnetick sub/ances :i* h be5 sep>at$ by =ce & dissect$ into p>ts fl[ toge!r into a true union & are suitably connect$1 ! body becomes "o1 & "o unit$ virtue1 nor h !y div]se ends4 ,! sep>ate p>ts assume two opposite poles1 if ! division has 99 n be5 made along a p>allel3 if ! division has be5 made along a p>allel1 !y are able to reta9 "o pole 9 ! same site z be=e4 ,pieces ( iron :i* h be5 rubb$ & excit$ by a load/one are m surely & swiftly seiz$ by a load/one at fitt+ ends ?an su* z h n be5 rubb$4 ,if a spike is set up on ! pole ( a load/one1 a spike or /yle 99 ( iron plac$ on ! upp] end is /rongly cem5t$ to x1 & draws away ! erect spike f ! t]rella :5 motion is made4 ,if to ! l[] end ( ! erect spike ! end ( ano!r spike 99 is appli$1 x does n cohre ) x1 nor d !y unite toge!r4 ,z a rod ( iron draws away a piece ( iron f a t]rella1 s is x also ) a m9ute load/one & a less] t]rella1 ?\gh weak] 9 /r5g?4 ,illu/ration ,! piece ( iron ,c comes into conjunction ) ! t]rella ,a1 & ! vig\r 9 x is magnetically exalt$ & excit$1 bo? 9 ! adjo9+ end & 9 ! o!r also :i* is turn$ away ?r\gh #ajc its conjunction ) ! t]rella4 ,! end t is turn$ away also conceives vig\r f ! load/one ,b2 likewise ! pole ,d ( t load/one is p[]ful on acc\nt ( its suitable aspect & ! ne>ness ( ! pole ,e ( ! t]rella4 ,sev]al causes !re=e concur :y ! piece ( iron ,c %\ld cleave to ! t]rella ,b1 to :i* x is jo9$ m firmly ?an to ! t]rella ,a2 ! vig\r excit$ 9 ! rod1 ! vig\r also excit$ 9 ! /one ,b1 & ! /r5g? implant$ 9 ,b concur2 !re=e ,d is m firmly cem5t$ magnetically ) ,c ?an ,e ) ,c4 ,b if y 7 to turn ! v]tex ,f r\nd to ! iron ,c1 ,c w\ld n adhre to ,f z =m]ly to ,d2 = /ones s arrang$ be+ )9 ! orbe ( virtue are plac$ contr>y to natural ord]2 :]e=e ,f does n receive p[] f ,e4 ,two load/ones or excit$ pieces ( iron1 duly cohr+1 fly 99 asund] on ! approa* ( ano!r m p[]ful load/one or magnetiz$ piece ( iron4 ,because ! new-com] repels ! o!r ) its oppos+ face1 & dom9ates x1 & ends ! relation%ip ( ! two :i* 7 =m]ly jo9$4 ,s ! =ces ( ! o!r are less5$ & succumb2 b if x conv5i5tly c\ld1 be+ div]t$ ( its association ) ! weak]1 & roll+ r\nd1 x w\ld turn ab\t to ! /rong]4 ,:]e=e also magnetick bodies susp5d$ 9 ! air fall :5 a load/one is br\ght ne> !m ) an oppos+ face1 n 7z ,bapti/a ,porta tea*es7 because ! faculty ( bo? ^? :i* 7 jo9$ be=e gr[s fa9t & torpid1 = no face c be ho/ile to bo? ! ends :i* cohre1 b to "o only2 & :5 ! /rong] load/one1 com+ fre% ) oppos+ face1 impels ?is fur!r f x1 x is put to flight by ! fri5dly reception ( ! =m]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xxxiii4 ,on ! ,v>y+ ,ratio ( ,/r5g?1 & ( ! ,motion ( coition1 )9 ! orbe ( virtue4 ,%\ld a v l>ge weight1 :i* at a v small di/ance is drawn t[>ds a load/one1 be divid$ into ev] s _m equal p>ts1 & %\ld ! radius ( ! orbe ( magnetick attraction be divid$ into ! same numb] ( p>ts1 ! l nam$ p>ts ( ! weight w correspond to ! int]m$iate p>ts ( ! radius4 ,! orbe ( virtue ext5ds m widely ?an ! orbe ( motion ( any magnetick2 = ! magnetick is affect$ at its extremity1 ev5 if x is n mov$ ) local motion1 :i* effect is produc$ #ajd by ! load/one be+ br\ght ne>]4 ,a small v]sorium also is turn$ :5 a good di/ance (f1 ev5 if at ! same di/ance x w\ld n fl[ t[>ds ! load/one1 ?\gh free & dis5gag$ f imp$im5t4 ,! swiftness ( ! motion ( a magnetick body to a load/one is dep5d5t on ei!r ! p[] ( ! load/one1 on its mass1 on its %ape1 on ! m$ium1 or on its di/ance )9 ! magnetick orbe4 ,a magnetick moves m quickly t[>ds a m p[]ful 99 /one ?an t[>ds a sluggi% "o 9 proportion to ! /r5g?1 & z appe>s by a comp>ison ( ! load/ones toge!r4 ,a less] mass ( iron also is c>ri$ m quickly t[>ds a load/one1 j z also "o t is a little long] 9 %ape4 ,! swiftness ( magnetick motion t[>ds a load/one is *ang$ by reason ( ! m$ium2 = bodies are mov$ m quickly 9 air ?an 9 wat]1 & 9 cle> air ?an 9 air t is ?ick & cl\dy4 ,by reason ( ! di/ance1 ! motion is quick] 9 ! case ( bodies ne> toge!r ?an :5 !y are f> (f4 ,at ! limits ( ! orbe ( virtue ( a t]rella a magnetick is mov$ feebly & sl[ly4 ,at v %ort di/ances close to ! t]rella ! mov+ impetus is greate/4 ,a load/one :i* 9 ! outmo/ "p ( its orbe ( virtue 99 h>dly moves a v]sorium :5 "o foot remov$ f x1 do?1 if a long piece ( iron is jo9$ to x1 attract & repel ! v]sorium m /rongly ) its opposite poles :5 ev5 ?ree feet di/ant4 ,! result is ! same :e!r ! load/one is arm$ or un>m$4 ,let ! iron be a suitable piece ( ! ?ickness ( ! little f+]4 ,= ! vig\r ( ! load/one excites v]ticity 9 ! iron & proce$s 9 ! iron & ?r\gh ! iron mu* fur!r ?an x ext5ds ?r\gh ! air4 ,! vig\r proce$s ev5 ?r\gh sev]al pieces ( iron 7jo9$ 99 to "o ano!r end to end71 n s regul>ly1 h[ev]1 z ?r\gh "o cont9u\s solid4 ,du/ ( /eel plac$ ^u pap] rises up :5 a load/one is mov$ ne> above x 9 a sort ( /eely hair9ess2 b if ! load/one is plac$ bel[1 su* a hair9ess is likewise rais$4 ,/eel du/ 7:5 ! pole ( a load/one is plac$ ne>7 is cem5t$ 99 into "o body2 b :5 x desires coition ) ! load/one1 ! mass is split & x rises 9 conglom]at$ p>ts4 ,b if !re is a load/one b5ea? ! pap]1 ! mass is split 9 ! same way & _m portions result1 ea* ( :i* consi/s ( v _m p>ts1 & rema9s cem5t$ toge!r1 z individual bodies4 ,:il/ ! l[] p>ts ( ^! pursue gre$ily ! pole ( ! load/one plac$ directly b5ea?1 ev5 !y also are rais$ up z magnetick :oles1 j z a small iron wire ( ! l5g? ( a gra9 or two gra9s ( b>ley is rais$ up1 bo? :5 ! load/one is mov$ ne> bo? b5ea? & above4 99 99 99 99 99 #aje ,,*ap4 ,,xxxiiii4 ,:y a ,load/one %\ld be /rong] 9 its poles 9 a diff]5t ratio2 z well 9 ! ,nor!rn regions z 9 ! ,s\!rn4 ,! extraord9>y magnetick virtue ( ! e>? is 99 rem>kably demon/rat$ by ! subtility ( ! foll[+ magnetical exp]im5t4 ,let !re be giv5 a t]rella ( no contemptible p[]1 or a long load/one ) equal cones z pol> extremities2 b 9 any o!r %ape :i* is n exactly r\nd error is easy1 & ! exp]im5t difficult4 ,9 ! ,nor!rn regions1 raise ! true ,nor? pole ( ! t]rella above ! horizon /raight t[>d ! z5i?2 x is demon/rable t x raises up a l>g] iron spike on its ,nor? pole1 ?an ! ,s\? pole ( ! same t]rella is able to raise1 :5 turn$ 9 ! same way t[>d ! highe/ po9t ( ! sky4 ,! same ?+ is %[n by a small t]rella plac$ 9 ! same way above a l>g]4 ,illu/ration ,let a b be ! e>? or a some:at l>ge t]rella1 also a b a small] t]rella4 ,!re is set up above ! ,nor!rn pole ( ! small] t]rella a spike l>g] ?an ! pole b ( ! small] t]rella c raise1 if x is turn$ r\nd to ! high] p>ts4 ,& ! pole a ( ! #ajf small] t]rella has its /r5g? f ! l>g]1 decl9+ f ! ,z5i? to ! plane ( ! horizon or to ! level4 ,b n[1 if1 99 leav+ ! t]rella dispos$ 9 ! same way1 y br+ a piece ( iron to ! l[] & ,s\!rn pole1 x w attract & reta9 a great] weight ?an ! ,boreal pole c\ld1 if x 7 turn$ r\nd to ! l[] p>ts4 ,:i* ?+ is demon/rat$ ?us3 let ,a be ! e>? or a t]rella2 ,e ! ,boreal pole or "s place 9 "s great latitude2 ,b a r l>ge t]rella above ! e>? or a small] t]rella on ! top ( a l>g]2 ,d its ,s\!rn pole4 ,x is manife/ t ,d 7! ,s\!rn pole7 attracts a l>g] piece ( iron1 ,c1 ?an ,f 7! ,boreal pole7 w be able to1 if x is turn$ r\nd d[nw>d to ! position ,d1 t[>d ! e>? or ! t]rella 9 ! ,nor!rn regions4 ,illu/ration ,magneticks acquire /r5g? ?r\gh magneticks1 if !y are prop]ly plac$ accord+ to _! nature1 9 ne> neighb\rhood & )9 ! orbe ( virtue4 ,:]e=e :5 a t]rella is plac$ on ! e>? or on a t]rella1 s t its ,s\!rn pole is turn$ r\nd t[>d ! ,nor!rn pole1 its ,nor!rn pole1 h[ev]1 turn$ away f ! ,nor!rn pole1 ! influ5ce & /r5g? ( #ajg its poles are increas$4 ,& s ! ,nor!rn pole ( a t]rella 9 su* a position lifts up a l>g] spike ?an ! ,s\!rn pole1 if ! ,s\!rn pole is turn$ away4 ,simil>ly ! ,s\!rn pole 9 a prop] & natural arrangem5t1 acquir+ /r5g? f ! e>? or f a l>g] t]rella1 attracts & reta9s l>g] rods ( iron4 ,9 99 ! o!r "p ( ! t]re/rial globe t[>d ! ,s\?1 z also 9 ! ,au/ral portion ( a t]rella1 ! reason+ is conv]se2 = ! ,s\!rn pole ( ! t]rella be+ turn$ away is m robu/1 z also ! ,nor!rn pole :5 turn$ r\nd4 ,! m a region on ! e>? is di/ant f ! qu9octial 7z also 9 a l>g] t]rella71 ! l>g] is ! accession ( /r5g? p]ceiv$2 ne> ! quator1 inde$1 ! diff]5ce is small1 b on ! quator itself null2 at ! poles f9ally x is greate/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xxxv4 ,on a ,p]petual ,motion ,ma*9e1 m5tion$ by au?ors1 by means ( ! attraction ( a load/one4 ,c>dan writes#ahc t out ( iron & ! ,h]culean /one c be made a p]petual motion ma*9e2 n t he himself _h ev] se5 "o1 b only conceiv$ ! idea f an acc\nt by ,antonius de ,fantis#ahd1 ( ,treves4 ,su* a ma*9e he describes1 ,book #i1 ,de ,r]um ,v>ietate4 ,b !y h be5 little practis$ 9 magnetick exp]im5ts :o =ge su* ?+s z t4 ,= no magnetick attraction c be great] 7by any skill or by any k9d ( in/rum5t7 ?an ! ret5tion4 ,?+s :i* are jo9$ & ^? :i* are approa*+ ne> are reta9$ ) a great] =ce ?an ^? :i* are entic$ & set 9 motion1 & are mov$2 & t coition is1 z we h %[n above1 a motion ( bo?1 n an attraction ( "o4 ,su* a ma*9e ,pet] ,p]egr9us feign$ _m c5turies be=e or else depict$ "o :i* he _h receiv$ f o!rs1 & "o :i* 0 mu* bett] fitt$ = ! purpose4 ,johannes ,taysni] publi%$ x also1 spoil$ by wret*$ figures1 & copi$ out ! :ole !ory ( x ^w = ^w4 ,o t ! gods w\ld at l5g? br+ to a mis]able end su* fictiti\s1 crazy1 de=m$ lab\rs1 ) :i* ! m9ds ( ! /udi\s are bl9d$6 99 99 99 99 99 #ajh ,,*ap4 ,,xxxvi4 ,h[ a m robu/ ,load/one may be recogniz$4 ,v p[]ful load/ones sometimes lift into ! air a weight ( iron equal to _! own2 a weak "o b>ely attracts a sl5d] wire4 ,^? !re=e are m robu/ :i* appeal to & reta9 l>g] bodies1 if !re is no defect 9 _! =m1 or ! pole ( ! /one is n suitably mov$ up4 ,moreov]1 :5 plac$ 9 a boat a ke5] influ5ce turns its own poles r\nd m quickly to ! poles ( ! e>? or ! limits ( v>iation on ! horizon4 ,"o :i* p]=ms its function m feebly indicates a defect & an effete nature4 ,!re mu/ always be a simil> prep>ation1 a simil> figure1 & a l size2 = 9 su* z are v dissimil> & unlike1 ! exp]im5t is d\btful4 ,! me?od ( te/+ ! /r5g? is ! same also ) a v]sorium 9 a place some:at remote f a load/one2 = ! "o :i* is able to turn ! v]sorium r\nd at ! great] di/ance1 t "o conqu]s & is held ! m pot5t4 ,rightly also is ! =ce ( a load/one weigh$ 9 a balance by ,b4 ,porta2 a piece ( load/one is plac$ 9 "o scale-pan1 9 ! o!r j z mu* weight ( some?+ else1 s t ! scale-pans hang level4 ,soon a piece ( iron ly+ on ! table is adju/$ s t x /icks to ! load/one plac$ 9 ! scale1 & !y cl+ toge!r mo/ p]fectly1 accord+ to _! fri5dly po9ts2 into ! o!r scale-pan s& is gradually ?r[n1 & t until ! scale 9 :i* ! load/one is plac$ is sep>at$ f ! iron4 ,?us by weigh+ ! weight ( s&1 ! magnetick =ce becomes kn[n4 ,simil>ly also x w be pleas+ to try ) ano!r /one1 9 equilibrium1 ! weight ( ! s& be+ obs]v$1 & to f9d out ! /rong] by means ( ! weights ( s&4 ,su* is ! exp]im5t ( ,c>d9al ,cusan 9 8 ,de ,/aticis#ahe1 f :om x w\ld seem t ,b4 ,porta le>nt ! exp]im5t4 ,! bett] load/ones turn !mselves r\nd m quickly t[>d ! poles or po9ts ( v>iation2 !n !y also lead along & turn r\nd m quickly1 accord+ to ! great] quantity & mass ( wood1 a boat & o!r /uff4 ,9 a decl9ation in/rum5t1 ! m p[]ful =ce ( a load/one is look$ = & requir$4 ,^? !re=e are m lively :5 !y get ?r\gh _! "w readily1 & pass ?r\gh & come back aga9 ) spe$1 & swiftly at l5g? settle at _! own po9t4 ,languid & effete ones move m sluggi%ly#ahf1 settle m t>dily1 adhre m unc]ta9ly1 & are easily di/urb$ f _! possession4 99 99 99 99 99 #aji ,,*ap4 ,,xxxvii4 ,use ( a ,load/one z x affects iron4 ,by magnetick coition we te/ iron ore 9 a blacksmi?'s =ge4 ,x is burnt1 brok5 9 pieces1 wa%$ & dri$1 9 :i* way x lays d[n its ali5 hum\rs2 9 ! bits collect$ f ! wa%+ is plac$ a load/one1 :i* attracts ! iron du/ to itself2 ?is1 be+ bru%$ (f ) fea!rs1 is receiv$ 9 a crucible1 & ! load/one is aga9 plac$ 9 ! bits collect$ f ! wa%+1 & ! du/ wip$ (f1 z long z any rema9s :i* x w attract to itself4 ,?is is !n heat$ 9 ! crucible along ) sal nitri#ahg until x is liquid1 & f ?is a small mass ( iron is ca/4 ,b if ! load/one draws ! du/ to itself quickly & readily1 we conjecture t ! iron ore is ri*2 if sl[ly1 poor2 if x seems altoge!r to reject x1 !re is v little iron 9 x or none at all4 ,9 l mann] iron du/ c be sep>at$ f ano!r metal4 ,_m tricks !re are also1 :5 iron is secretly appli$ to light] bodies1 &1 be+ attract$ by ! motion ( a load/one :i* is kept out ( sight1 causes movem5ts :i* are amaz+ to ^? :o d n "k ! cause4 ,v _m su* inde$ e +5i\s me*anician w p]=m by sleight ( h&1 z if by incantations & juggl]y#ahh4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xxxviii4 ,on ,cases ( ,attraction 9 o!r ,bodies4 ,v (t5 ! h]d ( philosophiz]s & plagi>i/s repeat f ! records ( o!rs 9 natural philosophy op9ions & errors ab\t ! attractions ( v>i\s bodies2 z t ,diamond attracts iron1 & snat*es x away f a magnet2 t !re are v>i\s k9ds or magnets1 "s :i* attract gold1 o!rs silv]1 brass1 lead2 ev5 "s :i* attract fle%1 wat]1 fi%es4 ,! flame ( sulphur is said to seek iron & /ones2 s :ite naph?a is said to attract fire4 ,i h said above t #aaj inanimate natural bodies d n attract1 & are n attract$ by1 o!rs on ! e>?1 except+ magnetically or electrically4 ,:]e=e x is n true t !re are magnets :i* attract gold or o!r metals2 because a magnetick sub/ance draws no?+ b magnetick sub/ances4 ,?\gh ,fraca/orio says t he has %[n a magnet draw+ silv]2 if ?is 7 true1 x mu/ h happ5$ on acc\nt ( iron skilfully mix$ ) t silv] or conceal$ 9 x1 or else because nature 7z %e does sometimes1 b r>ely7 _h mix$ iron ) ! silv]2 iron inde$ is r>ely mix$ ) silv] by nature2 silv] ) iron v r>ely or nev]4 ,iron is mix$ ) silv] by =g]s ( false co9 or f ! av>ice ( pr9ces 9 ! co9+ ( money1 z 0 ! case ) ! d5>ius ( ,antony#ahi1 provid$ t ,pl9y is record+ a true incid5t4 ,s ,c>dan 7p]haps deceiv$ by o!rs7 says t !re is a c]ta9 k9d ( load/one :i* draws silv]2 he adds a mo/ fooli% te/ ( ?is3 ,if !re=e 7he says7 a sl5d] rod ( silv] be /eep$ 9 t 9 :i* a v]satory ne$le has /ood1 x w turn t[>d silv] 7especially t[>d a l>ge quantity7 al?\gh x be buri$2 by ?is means anyone w be able easily to dig up conceal$ treasures4 ,he adds t x %\ld be v good /one1 su* z he has n yet se54 ,nor inde$ w ei!r he or anyone else ev] see su* a /one or su* an exp]im5t4 ,c>dan br+s =w>d an attraction ( fle%1 wrongly s nam$ & v dissimil> f t ( ! load/one2 = 8 magnes creagus or fle%-magnet1 f ! exp]im5t t x /icks to ! lips1 mu/ be hoot$ out f ! assembly ( load/ones1 or by all means f ! family ( ?+s attractive4 ,lemnian e>?1 ruddle1 & v _m m9]als d ?is1 & yet !y are fatu\sly said to attract4 ,he w h x t !re is ano!r load/one1 z x 71 a ?ird species1 into :i*1 if a ne$le is driv5 & aft]w>ds /uck into ! body1 x is n felt4 ,b :at has attraction to d ) /upefaction1 or /upor ) a ,philosoph]'s intellect1 :5 he is disc\rs+ ab\t attraction8 ,!re are _m /ones1 bo? f\nd 9 nature & made by art1 :i* h ! p[] ( /upefy+4 ,sulphur flame is said by "s to attract1 because x consumes c]ta9 metals by its p[] ( p5etration4 ,s :ite naph?a attracts flame1 because x gives (f & exhales an inflammable vap\r1 on :i* acc\nt x is k9dl$ at "s di/ance1 j z ! smoke ( a rec5tly ext+ui%$ c&le takes fire aga9 f ano!r flame2 = fire creeps to fire ?r\gh an inflammable m$ium4 ,:y ! suck+ fi% ,e*9eis or ! ,remora %\ld /ay %ips has be5 v>i\sly treat$ by ,philosoph]s1 :o are (t5 accu/om$ to fit ?is fable 7z _m o!rs7 to _! !ories1 be=e !y f9d out :e!r ! ?+ is s 9 nature4 ,!re=e1 9 ord] t !y may support & agree ) ! fatuities ( ! anci5ts1 !y put =w>d ev5 ! mo/ fatu\s ratioc9ations & ridicul\s problems1 cliffs t attract1 :]e ! #aaa suck+ fi% t>ry1 & ! necessity ( "s vacuum1 ,i "k n :at1 or h[ produc$4 ,pl9y & ,julius ,sol9us make m5tion ( a /one ,*ato*itis#aij4 ,!y say t x attracts fle%1 & keeps hold ( ! h&s1 j z a load/one does iron1 & amb] *aff4 ,b t happ5s only f a /ick9ess & f glue conta9$ 9 x1 s9ce x /icks m easily to ! h&s :5 !y are w>m4 ,sagda or ,sagdo#aia1 ( ! col\r ( a s>d1 is a preci\s /one m5tion$ by ,pl9y1 ,sol9us1 ,alb]tus1 & ,evax#aib2 !y describe its nature & relate1 on ! au?ority ( o!rs1 t x specially attracts wood to itself4 ,"s ev5 babble t woods _c be wr5*$ away except !y are cut (f4 ,"s also n>rate t a /one is f\nd :i* gr[s p]t9aci\sly into %ips1 9 ! same way z c]ta9 te/acea on long voyages4 ,b a /one does n draw because x /icks2 & if x drew1 x w\ld c]ta9ly draw %r$s electrically1 ,encelius saw 9 ! h&s ( a sailor su* a /one ( feeble virtue1 :i* w\ld h>dly attract ev5 ! smalle/ twigs2 & 9 tru?1 n ( ! col\r ( ! s>d4 ,s ,diamond1 ,c>buncle1 ,cry/al1 & o!rs d attract4 ,i pass ov] o!r fabul\s /ones2 ,pant>be1 ab\t :i* ,philo/ratus writes t x draws o!r /ones to itself2 ,amphitane also1 :i* attracts gold4 ,pl9y 9 8 orig9 ( glass w h x t a load/one is an attractor ( glass1 z well z ( iron4 ,= 9 8 me?od ( prep>+ glass1 :5 he has indicat$ its nature1 he subjo9s ?is ab\t load/one4 ,soon 7su* is ! a/ute & res\rceful craft7 x 0 n cont5t to h mix$ natron2 load/one also began to be add$1 s9ce x 0 ?\ght to attract to itself ! liquor ( glass 7z x does iron74 ,georgius ,agricola writes t to ! mat]ial ( glass 7s& & natron7 "o "p also ( load/one is add$4 ,because t =ce is believ$1 9 our times j z 9 =m] times1 to attract ! liquor ( glass to itself1 z x attracts iron to itself1 purges x :5 drawn1 & makes cle> glass f gre5 or muddy2 b ! fire aft]w>ds burns up ! load/one4 ,x is true inde$ t "s sort ( magnes 7z ! magnesia ( ! glass-mak]s imbu$ ) no magnetick virtues7 is sometimes put 9 & mix$ ) ! mat]ial ( ! glass2 n1 h[ev]1 because x attracts glass4 ,b :5 a load/one is burnt1 x does n lay hold ( iron at all1 nor is iron :5 r$-hot allur$ by any load/one2 & load/one also is burnt up by m p[]ful fires & loses its attractive pot5cy4 ,nor is ?is a function ( load/one alone 9 ! glass furnaces2 b also ( c]ta9 pyrites & ( "s easily combu/ible iron ores1 :i* are ! only ones us$ by our glass-mak]s1 :o make cle>1 bright glass4 ,!y are mix$ ) ! s&1 a%es1 & natron 7j z !y are accu/om$ to make additions 9 ! case ( metallick ores :il/ !y are smelt$71 s t :5 ! mat]ial sl[s d[n into glass1 ! gre5 & muddy col\r ( ! glass may be purg$ by ! p5etrat+ heat4 ,= no o!r mat]ial becomes s hot1 #aab or be>s ! fire = su* a conv5i5t "t1 until ! mat]ial ( ! glass is p]fectly fluid1 & is at ! same "t burnt up by t ard5t fire4 ,x happ5s1 h[ev]1 sometimes1 t on acc\nt ( ! magnetick /one1 ! magnesia1 or ! ore1 or ! pyrites1 ! glass has a dusky col\r1 :5 !y resi/ ! fire too mu* & are n burnt up1 or are put 9 9 too great quantity4 ,:]e=e manufactur]s are seek+ = a /one suitable = !m1 & are obs]v+ also m dilig5tly ! proportion ( ! mixture4 ,badly !re=e did ! unskilful philosophy ( ,pl9y impose ^u ,georgius ,agricola & ! m rec5t writ]s1 s t !y ?\ght ! load/one 0 want$ by glass-mak]s on acc\nt ( its magnetick /r5g? & attraction4 ,b ,scalig] 9 ,de ,subtilitate ad ,c>danum1 9 mak+ diamond attract iron1 :5 he is discuss+ magneticks1 w&]s f> f ! tru?1 unless x be t diamond attracts iron electrically1 z x attracts wood1 /raws1 & all o!r m9ute bodies :5 x is rubb$4 ,fallopius reckons t quicksilv] draws metals by reason ( an occult prop]ty1 j z a load/one iron1 amb] *aff4 ,b :5 quicksilv] ent]s metals1 x is wrongly call$ attraction4 ,= metals imbibe quicksilv]1 j z clay wat]2 nor d !y d ?is unless !y are t\*+1 = quicksilv] does n allure gold or lead to itself f af>1 b !y rema9 motionless 9 _! places4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xxxix4 ,on ,bodies :i* mutually repel "o ano!r4 ,writ]s :o h disc\rs$ on ! =ces ( bodies :i* attract o!rs h also spok5 ab\t ! p[]s ( bodies :i* repel1 b especially ^? :o h in/itut$ classes = natural objects on ! basis ( sympa?y & antipa?y4 ,:]e=e x w\ld seem necess>y = u to speak also ab\t ! mutual /rife ( bodies1 s t publi%$ errors %\ld n creep fur!r1 & be receiv$ by all to ! ru9 ( true philosophy4 ,!y say t1 j z l ?+s attract = ! sake ( pres]vation1 s unlike & contr>y ?+s = ! same purpose mutually repel & put "o ano!r to flight4 ,?is is evid5t 9 ! reaction ( _m ?+s1 b x is mo/ manife/ 9 ! case ( plants & animals1 :i* attract k9dr$ & famili> ?+s1 & 9 l mann] reject =eign & unsuitable ?+s4 ,b 9 o!r bodies !re is n ! same reason1 s t :5 !y are sep>at$1 !y %\ld come toge!r by mutually #aac attract+ "o ano!r4 ,animals take food 7z ev]y?+ :i* gr[s71 & draw x into _! int]ior2 !y absorb ! n\ri%m5t by c]ta9 p>ts & in/rum5ts 7?r\gh ! action & op]ation ( ! anima74 ,!y enjoy by natural in/9ct only ! ?+s set 9 front ( !m & ne> !m1 n ?+s plac$ af> (f2 & ?is )\t any ali5 =ce or motion4 ,:]e=e animals nei!r attract any bodies nor drive !m away4 ,wat] does n repel oil 7z "s ?9k7 because ! oil floats on wat]2 nor does wat] repel mud1 because ! mud1 if mix$ 9 wat]1 settles d[n 9 "t4 ,?is is a sep>ation ( unlike bodies or su* z are n p]fectly mix$ z respects ! mat]ial2 ! sep>at$ bodies nev]!less rema9 jo9$ )\t any natural /rife4 ,:]e=e a muddy s$im5t settles quietly on ! bottom ( vessels1 & oil rema9s on ! top ( ! wat] & is n s5t fur!r away4 ,a drop ( wat] rema9s intact on a dry surface1 & is n expell$ f ! dry sub/ance4 ,wrongly !re=e d ^? :o disc\rse on ^! matt]s inf] an antipa?y 7t is1 ! =ce ( repell+ by contr>y passions72 = !re is no repell+ =ce 9 !m2 & repulsion comes#aic f action1 n f passion4 ,b _! greek vocables please !m too mu*4 ,we1 h[ev]1 mu/ inquire :e!r !re is any body :i* drives any?+ else fur!r (f )\t mat]ial impetus1 z a load/one attracts4 ,b a load/one seems ev5 to repel load/one4 ,= ! pole ( "o load/one repels ! pole ( ano!r1 :i* does n agree ) x accord+ to nature2 by repell+1 x turns x r\nd 9 an orbit s t !y may exactly agree accord+ to _! nature4 ,b if a some:at weak load/one1 float+ freely on wat]1 _c readily be turn$ r\nd on acc\nt ( imp$im5ts1 ! :ole load/one is repell$ & s5t fur!r away f ! o!r4 ,all electricks attract all ?+s3 !y nev] repel or propel any?+ at all#aid4 ,z to :at is relat$ ab\t c]ta9 plants 7z ab\t ! cucumb]1 :i* turns aside :5 oil is appli$ to x71 !re is a mat]ial *ange f ! vic9ity1 n a hidd5 antipa?y4 ,b :5 !y %[ a c&le flame put aga9/ a cold solid sub/ance 7z iron7 turn away to ! side1 & allege antipa?y z ! cause1 !y say no?+4 ,! reason ( ?is !y w see cle>] ?an ! day1 :5 we disc\rse on :at heat is#aie4 ,b ,fraca/orio's op9ion t a load/one c be f\nd1 :i* w\ld drive iron away1 on acc\nt ( "s oppos+ pr9ciple lurk+ 9 ! iron1 is fooli%4 99 99 99 99 99 #aae ,illu/ration ,,book ,,?ird4 ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,,on ,,direction4 ,on ref]r+ to ! e>li] books x w be f\nd %[n t a load/one has its poles1 & t a piece ( iron has also poles1 & rotation1 & a c]ta9 v]ticity2 f9ally1 t ! load/one & ! iron direct _! poles t[>d ! poles ( ! e>?4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 we mu/ make cle> ! causes ( ^! ?+s & _! admirable work+s1 po9t$ out inde$ be=e1 b n prov54 ,all ^? :o h writt5 be=e u ab\t ^! rotations h left u _! op9ions s briefly1 s meagrely1 & ) su* hesitat+ judgm5t t !y seem h>dly likely ev] to p]suade anyone1 or ev5 to be able to satisfy !mselves2 & all _! petty reasons are reject$ by ! m prud5t z useless1 unc]ta91 & absurd1 be+ support$ by no pro(s or argum5ts2 :5ce also magnetick sci5ce1 be+ all ! m neglect$ & n und]/ood1 has be5 9 exile4 ,! true au/ral pole ( a load/one1 n ! boreal 7z all be=e u us$ to ?9k71 99 if ! load/one is plac$ 9 its boat on ! surface ( wat]1 turns to ! ,nor?2 9 ! case ( a piece ( iron also1 :e!r x has be5 excit$ by a load/one or n1 ! s\!rn end moves t[>d ! ,nor?4 ,an oblong piece ( iron ( ?ree or f\r digits' l5g?#aif1 :5 skilfully rubb$ ) a load/one1 quickly turns nor? & s\?4 ,:]e=e me*anicians1 tak+ a piece ( iron prep>$ 9 ?is way1 balance x on a p9 9 a box1 & fit x up ) ! requisites ( a sun-dial2 or !y prep>e ! v]sorium out ( two curv$ pieces ( iron ) _! ends t\*+ "o ano!r1 s t ! motion may be m con/ant4 ,9 ?is way ! m>9]s' v]sorium is arrang$1 :i* is an in/rum5t b5eficial1 useful1 & auspici\s to sailors = indicat+1 l a good g5ius1 safety & ! "r way4 ,b x mu/ be und]/ood on ! ?re%old ( ?is argum5t 7be=e we proce$ fur!r7 t ^! po9t+s ( ! load/one or ( iron are n p]petually made #aaf t[>d ! true poles ( ! _w1 d n always seek ^? fix$ & def9ite po9ts1 or rema9 on ! l9e ( ! true m]idian2 b usually div]ge "s di/ance to ! ,ea/ or to ! ,we/4 ,sometimes also at c]ta9 places on l& or sea !y d indicate exactly ! true poles4 ,?is discrepancy is call$ ! ,v>iation ( ! iron or ( ! load/one2 & s9ce ?is is br\ght ab\t by o!r causes1 & is m]ely a c]ta9 di/urbance & p]v]sion ( ! true direction1 we are direct+ our att5tion 9 ?is place to ! true direction ( ! compass & ( ! magnetick iron 7:i* w\ld be equally t[>d ! true poles & on ! true m]idian ev]y:]e on ! e>?1 unless o!r ob/acles & an unt[>d p]v]t5cy h9d]$ x74 ,( its v>iation & ! cause ( ! p]v]sion we %all treat 9 ! next book4 ,^? :o wrote ab\t ! _w & ab\t natural philosophy a c5tury ago1 especially ^? rem>kable elem5t>y philosoph]s1 & all ^? :o trace _! k & tra9+ to !m d[n to our own times1 ^? m51 ,i say1 :o repres5t$ ! e>? z always at re/ &1 z x 71 a useless weight1 plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! univ]se at an equal di/ance f ! sky on e side1 & its nature to be simple1 imbu$ only ) ! qualities ( dryness & cold1 s\ght dilig5tly = ! causes ( all ?+s & ( all effects 9 ! heav5s1 ! />s1 ! planets1 9 fire1 air1 wat]s & sub/ances ( mix$ natures4 ,nev] inde$ did !y recognize t ! t]re/rial globe _h1 besides dryness & cold1 "s special1 effective1 & pr$om9ant prop]ties1 /r5g!n+1 direct+1 & mov+ ! globe itself ?r\gh its :ole mass & its v deepe/ vitals2 nor did !y ev] inquire :e!r !re 7 any su*4 ,= ?is reason ! cr[d ( philosophiz]s1 9 ord] to discov] ! reasons ( ! magnetical motions1 call$ up causes ly+ remote & f> away4 ,& "o man seems to me beyond all o!rs wor?y ( c5sure1 ,m>t9 ,cortes1 :o1 s9ce !re 0 no cause :i* c\ld satisfy him 9 ! :ole ( nature1 dream$ t !re 0 a po9t ( magnetical attraction beyond ! heav5s1 :i* attract$ iron4 ,pet] ,p]egr9us ?9ks t ! direction arises f ! poles ( ! sky4 ,c>dan ?\ght t ! turn+ ( iron 0 caus$ by a /> 9 ! tail ( ! ,great ,be>2 ,bess>d1 ! ,fr5*man1 op9es t a magnetick turns t[>d ! pole ( ! zodiack4 ,m>silius ,fic9us w h x t ! load/one foll[s its own ,arctick pole2 b t iron foll[s ! load/one1 /raws amb]2 :il/ ?is p]haps foll[s ! ,ant>ctick pole--a mo/ fooli% dream4 ,o!rs h rec\rse to ,i "k n :at magnetick rocks & m\nta9s4 ,?us x is always cu/om>y ) mortals1 t !y despise ?+s ne> home1 :il/ =eign & di/ant ?+s are de> & priz$4 ,b we /udy ! e>? itself & obs]ve 9 x ! cause ( s great an effect4 ,! e>?1 z ! common "m1 has ^! causes inclos$ 9 h] inn]mo/ p>ts2 9 accordance ) h] rule1 #aag position1 condition1 v]ticity1 poles1 quator1 horizons1 m]idians1 c5tre1 circumf]5ce1 diamet]1 & ! nature ( ! :ole int]ior ( h] sub/ance1 mu/ all magnetical motions be discuss$4 ,! e>? has be5 ord]$ by ! highe/ ,artific] & by nature 9 su* a way t x %\ld h p>ts dissimil> 9 position1 b\nds ( ! :ole & complete body1 ennobl$ by c]ta9 functions1 by :i* x might itself rema9 9 a def9ite direction4 ,= j z a load/one1 :5 x is float$ on wat] 9 a suitable vessel1 or is hung by sl5d] ?reads 9 ! air1 by its implant$ v]ticity con=ms its poles to ! poles ( ! common "m 9 accordance ) magnetick laws2 s if ! e>? 7 to deviate f its natural direction & its true position 9 ! univ]se1 or if its poles 7 to be drawn aside 7if ?is 7 possible7 t[>d ! sun-ris+ or ! sun-sett+ or t[>d any o!r po9ts :atsoev] 9 ! visible firmam5t1 !y w\ld return aga9 to ! nor? & s\? by magnetical motion1 & w\ld settle at ! same po9ts at :i* !y are n[ fix$4 ,! reason :y ! t]re/rial globe seems to rema9 m /eadily ) ! "o pole t[>d ^? p>ts & direct$ t[>d ! ,cynosure1 & :y its pole div]ges by #bc degrees #bi m9utes1 ) a c]ta9 v>iation n suffici5tly inve/igat$ z yet by ,a/ronom]s1 f ! poles ( ! ecliptick1 dep5ds on its virtue magnetical4 ,! causes ( ! precession ( ! qu9oxes & ! progression ( ! fix$ />s1 & ( ! *ange1 moreov]1 9 ! decl9ations ( ! sun & ( ! tropicks1 mu/ be s\ght f magnetick influ5ces2 s t nei!r t absurd motion ( trepidation ( ,!bit ,b5cora#aig1 :i* is at great v>iance ) obs]vations1 nor ! mon/r\s sup]/ructures ( o!r heav5s1 are any long] ne$$4 ,a v]satory iron turns to ! position ( ! e>?1 & if di/urb$ ev] s (t5 returns always to ! same po9ts4 ,= 9 ! f> regions ( ! nor?1 9 a latitude ( #gj or #hj degrees 7to :i* at ! mild] seasons ( ! ye> our sailors are accu/om$ to p5etrate )\t injury f ! cold72 9 ! regions halfway betwe5 ! poles2 on ! quator 9 ! torrid zone2 & aga9 9 all ! m>itime places & l&s ( ! s\?1 9 ! highe/ latitude :i* has ?us f> be5 rea*$1 always ! iron magnetick f9ds its way1 & po9ts to ! poles 9 ! same mann] 7except+ = ! diff]5ce ( v>iation72 on ?is side ( ! quator 7:]e we live71 & on ! o!r side to ! s\?1 less well kn[n1 b yet 9 "s measure explor$ by sailors3 & always ! lily ( ! compass po9ts t[>d ! ,nor?4 ,?is we h _h confirm$ by ! mo/ em95t capta9s1 & also by v _m ( ! m intellig5t sailors4 ,^! facts h be5 po9t$ out to me & confirm$ by our mo/ illu/ri\s ,sea-god1 ,francis ,drake1 & by ano!r circumnavigator ( ! globe1 ,?omas ,c&i%2 our t]rella also indicates ! same ?+4 ,?is is demon/rat$ 9 ! case ( ! #aah ,illu/ration orbicul> /one1 ^: poles are ,a & ,b2 an iron wire ,,cd1 :i* is plac$ ^u ! /one1 always po9ts directly along ! m]idian t[>d ! poles ,,ab1 :e!r ! c5tre ( ! wire is on ! c5tral l9e or quator ( ! /one1 or on any o!r "p situat$ betwe5 ! quator & ! poles1 z at ,h1 ,g1 ,f1 ,e4 ,s ! cusp ( a v]sorium on ?is side ( ! quator po9ts t[>d ! nor?2 99 on ! o!r side ! cross is always direct$ t[>d ! s\?2 b ! cusp or lily#aih does n1 z "s "o has ?\ght1 turn t[>d ! s\? beyond ! quator4 ,"s inexp]i5c$ p inde$1 :o 9 di/ant p>ts beyond ! quator h se5 ! v]sorium sometimes become m sluggi% & less prompt1 ?\ght t ! di/ance f ! arctick pole or f ! magnetick rocks 0 ! cause ( ?is4 ,b !y are v mu* mi/ak52 = x is z p[]ful#aii1 & adju/s itself z quickly to ! m]idian or to ! po9t ( v>iation 9 ! s\!rn z 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,yet sometimes ! motion appe>s sl[]1 namely1 :5 ! support+ p9 by lapse ( "t & long voyag+ has become some:at blunt1 or ! magnetick iron p>ts h lo/1 by age or ru/1 "s ( _! acquir$ vig\r4 ,?is may also be %[n exp]im5tally by ! v]satory iron ( a small sun-dial plac$ on a v %ort p9 set p]p5dicul> to ! surface ( ! /one1 = ! iron :5 t\*$ by a load/one po9ts t[>d ! poles ( ! /one & leaves ! poles ( ! e>?2 = ! g5]al & remot] cause is ov]come by ! p>ticul> & p[]ful cause :i* is s ne> at h&4 ,magnetick bodies h ( !mselves an incl9ation t[>d ! position ( ! e>? & are influ5c$ by a t]rella4 ,two equal /ones ( equal /r5g? adju/ !mselves to a t]rella 9 accordance ) magnetick laws4 ,! iron conceives vig\r f ! load/one & is influ5c$ by ! magnetical motions4 ,:]e=e true direction is ! motion ( a magnetick body 9 reg>d to ! v]ticity ( ! e>?1 ! natures ( bo? agree+ & work+ toge!r t[>d a natural position & unity4 ,= inde$ we h f\nd out at l5g?1 by _m exp]im5ts & 9 _m ways1 t !re is a dispos+ nature1 mov+ !m toge!r by reason ( _! v>i\s positions by "o =m t is common #aai to bo?1 & t 9 all magnetick sub/ances !re is attraction & repulsion4 ,= bo? ! /one#bjj & ! magnetick iron arrange !mselves by incl9ation & decl9ation1 accord+ to ! common position ( _! nature & ! e>?4 ,& ! =ce ( ! e>? by ! virtue ( ! :ole1 by attract+ t[>d ! poles1 & repell+1 arranges all magneticks :i* are unfix$ & loose4 ,= 9 all cases all magneticks con=m !mselves to ! globe ( ! e>? 9 ! same ways & by ! same laws by :i* ano!r load/one or any magneticks d to a t]rella4#bja 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,! ,directive or ,v]sorial ,virtue 7:i* we call v]ticity73 :at x is1 h[ x exi/s 9 ! load/one2 & 9 :at way x is acquir$ :5 innate4 ,directive =ce1 :i* is also call$ by u v]ticity1 is a virtue :i* spreads by an innate vig\r f ! quator 9 bo? directions t[>d ! poles4 ,t p[]1 incl9+ 9 bo? directions t[>ds ! t]m9i1 causes ! motion ( direction1 & produces a con/ant & p]man5t position 9 ,nature1 n only 9 ! e>? itself b also 9 all magneticks4 ,load/one is f\nd ei!r 9 ve9s ( its own or 9 iron m9es1 :5 ! homog5e\s sub/ance ( ! e>?1 ei!r hav+ or assum+ a prim>y =m1 is *ang$ or concret$ into a /ony sub/ance1 :i* besides ! prim>y qualities ( its nature has v>i\s dissimilitudes & diff]5ces 9 diff]5t qu>ries & m9es1 z if f diff]5t matrices1 & v _m second>y qualities & v>ieties 9 its sub/ance4 ,a load/one :i* is dug out 9 ?is break+ up ( ! e>?'s surface & ( protub]ances ^u x1 :e!r =m$ complete 9 itself 7z sometimes 9 ,*9a7 or 9 a l>g] ve91 is fa%ion$ by ! e>? & foll[s ! nature ( ! :ole4 ,all ! int]ior p>ts ( ! e>? mutually conspire toge!r 9 comb9ation & produce direction t[>d nor? & s\?4 ,b ^? magnetical bodies :i* come toge!r 9 ! upp]mo/ p>ts ( ! e>? are n true unit$ p>ts ( ! :ole1 b app5dages & p>ts jo9$ on1 imitat+ ! nature ( ! :ole2 :]e=e :5 float+ free on wat]1 !y dispose !mselves j 9 ! same way z !y are plac$ 9 ! t]re/rial sy/em ( nature4 ,we _h a l>ge load/one ( tw5ty p\nds 99 weight1 dug up & cut out ( its ve91 aft] we _h fir/ obs]v$ & m>k$ its ends2 !n aft] x 0 dug out1 we plac$ x 9 a boat on wat]1 s t x c\ld turn freely2 !n imm$iately ! face :i* _h look$ t[>d ! nor? 9 ! qu>ry began to #abj turn to ! nor? on ! waves & at l5g? settl$ t[>d t po9t4 ,= t face :i* look$ t[>d ! nor? 9 ! qu>ry is ! s\!rn1 & is attract$ by ! nor!rn p>ts ( ! e>?1 ,illu/ration 9 ! same way z pieces ( iron :i* acquire _! v]ticity f ! e>?4 ,ab\t ?is po9t we int5d to speak aft]w>ds#bjb "u *ange ( v]ticity4 ,b !re is a diff]5t rotation ( ! int]nal p>ts ( ! e>?1 :i* are p]fectly unit$ to ! e>? & :i* are n sep>at$ f ! true sub/ance ( ! e>? by ! int]position ( bodies z are load/ones 9 ! upp] portion ( ! e>?1 :i* is maim$1 corrupt1 & v>iable4 ,let ,a ,b be a piece ( magnetick ore2 betwe5 :i* & ! uni=m globe ( ! e>? lie v>i\s soils or mixtures :i* sep>ate ! ore to a c]ta9 ext5t f ! globe ( ! true e>?4 ,x is !re=e influ5c$ by ! =ces ( ! e>? j 9 ! same way z ,c ,d1 a piece ( iron1 9 ! air4 ,s ! face ,b ( "s ore or ( t piece ( x is mov$ t[>d ! ,boreal pole ,g1 j z ! extremity ,c ( ! iron1 n ,a or ,d4 ,b ! condition ( ! piece ,e ,f is diff]5t1 :i* piece is produc$ 9 "o connect$ mass ) ! :ole1 & is n sep>at$ f x by any e>?y mixture4 ,= if ! "p ,e ,f 7 tak5 out & float$ freely 9 a boat by itself1 x is n ,e t w\ld be direct$ t[>d ! ,boreal pole1 b ,f4 ,s 9 ^? sub/ances :i* acquire _! v]ticity 9 ! air1 ,c is ! s\!rn "p & is se5 to be attract$ by ! ,boreal pole ,g4 ,9 ! case ( o!rs :i* are f\nd 9 ! upp] un/able portion ( ! e>?1 ,b is ! s\?1 & 9 l mann] incl9es t[>d ! ,boreal pole4 ,b if ^? pieces deep d[n :i* are produc$ along ) ! e>? are dug up1 !y turn ab\t on a diff]5t plan4 ,= ,f turns t[>d ! ,boreal p>ts ( ! e>?1 because 99 is ! s\!rn "p2 ,e t[>d ! s\?1 because x is ! nor!rn4 ,s ( a magnetick body1 ,c ,d1 plac$ close to ! e>?1 ! end ,c turns t[>d ! ,boreal pole2 ( "o t is adnate to x ,b ,a1 ,b incl9es to ! ,nor?2 ( "o t is innate 9 x1 ,e ,f1 ,e turns t[>d ! s\!rn pole2 :i* is confirm$ by ! #aba ,illu/ration foll[+ demon/ration1 & comes ab\t ( necessity accord+ to all magnetick laws4 ,let !re be a t]rella ) poles ,a ,b2 f its mass cut out a small "p ,e ,f2 if ?is be susp5d$ by a f9e ?read above ! hole or ov] "s o!r place1 ,e does n seek ! pole ,a b ! pole ,b1 & ,f turns to ,a2 v diff]5tly f a rod ( iron ,c ,d2 because ,c1 t\*+ "s nor!rn "p ( ! t]rella1 be+ magnetically c>ri$ away makes a turn r\nd to ,a1 n to ,b4 ,& yet "h x %\ld be obs]v$1 t if ! pole ,a ( 99 ! t]rella 7 mov$ t[>d ! e>?'s s\?1 ! end ,e ( ! piece cut out by itself1 if n br\ght too ne> to ! /one1 w\ld also move ( itself t[>d ! s\?4 ,b ! end ,c ( ! piece ( iron1 plac$ beyond its orbe ( virtue1 w turn t[>d ! nor?4 ,! "p ,e ,f ( ! t]rella1 :il/ 9 ! mass1 produc$ ! same direction z ! :ole2 b :5 x is sep>at$ & susp5d$ by a ?read1 ,e turns to ,b1 & ,f to ,a4 ,illu/ration #abb ,s p>ts hav+ ! same v]ticity ) ! :ole1 :5 sep>at$1 are impell$ 9 ! contr>y direction2 = contr>y p>ts solicit contr>y p>ts4 ,nor yet is ?is a true contr>iety1 b ! highe/ concordancy1 & ! true & g5u9e con=mation ( bodies magnetical 9 ! sy/em ( nature1 if !y %all h be5 divid$ & sep>at$3 = ! p>ts ?us divid$ %\ld be rais$ "s di/ance f ! :ole1 z w be made cle> aft]w>ds4 ,magnetick sub/ances seek a unity z reg>ds =m2 !y d n s mu* respect _! own mass4 ,:]e=e ! "p ,f ,e is n attract$ into its =m] b$2 b :5 once x is unsettl$ & at a di/ance1 x is 99 solicit$ by ! opposite pole4 ,b if ! small piece ,f ,e is plac$ back aga9 9 its b$ or br\ght close to1 )\t any sub/ances int]v5+1 x acquires its =m] comb9ation1 &1 z a "p ( ! :ole once m unit$1 accords ) ! :ole & /icks readily 9 its =m] position2 & ,e rema9s t[>d ,a1 & ,f t[>d ,b1 & !y settle /eadily 9 _! "m's lap4 ,! reason+ is ! same :5 ! /one is divid$ into equal p>ts ?r\gh ! poles4 ,illu/ration ,a sph]ical /one is divid$ into two equal p>ts along ! axis ,a ,b2 99 :e!r !re=e ! surface ,a ,b is 9 ! "o "p fac+ upw>d 7z 9 ! =m] diagram7 or ly+ on its face 9 bo? p>ts 7z 9 99 ! latt]71 ! end ,a t5ds t[>d ,b4 ,b x mu/ also be und]/ood t ! po9t ,a is n c>ri$ ) a def9ite aim always t[>d ! po9t ,b1 because 9 consequ5ce ( ! division ! v]ticity proce$s to o!r po9ts1 z to ,f ,g1 z appe>s 9 ! f\rte5? *apt] ( ?is book4 ,& ,l ,m are n[ ! axes 9 ea*1 & ,a ,b is no long] ! axis2 = magnetick bodies1 z soon z !y are divid$1 become s+le magnetick :oles2 & !y h #abc v]tices 9 accordance ) _! mass1 new poles aris+ at ea* end 9 consequ5ce ( ! division4 ,yet ! axis & ! poles always foll[ ! lead+ ( a m]idian2 because t =ce passes along ! m]idians ( ! /one f ! quator to ! poles1 by an ev]la/+ rule1 ! inborn virtue ( ! sub/ance agree+ !reto f ! long & la/+ position & ! fac+ ( a suitable sub/ance t[>d ! poles ( ! e>?2 by ^: /r5g? cont9u$ ?r\gh _m c5turies x has be5 fa%ion$2 t[>d fix$ & det]m9$ p>ts ( :i* x has rema9$ s9ce its orig9 firmly & con/antly turn$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,iii4 ,h[ ,iron acquires ,v]ticity ?r\gh a ,load/one1 & h[ t v]ticity is lo/ & *ang$4 ,friction betwe5 an oblong piece ( iron & a load/one imp>ts to ! =m] magnetick virtues1 :i* are n corporeal nor inh]5t & p]si/5t 9 any body1 z we %[$ 9 ! discussion on coition4 ,x is pla9 t ! iron1 :5 x has be5 rubb$ h>d ) "o end & appli$ to ! /one = a pretty long "t1 receives no /ony nature1 acquires no weight2 = if1 be=e ! iron is t\*$ by ! /one1 y weigh 99 x 9 a small & v exact goldsmi?'s balance1 y w see aft] ! rubb+ t x has exactly ! same weight1 nei!r dim9i%$ nor increas$4 ,b if y wipe ! iron ) clo?s aft] x has be5 t\*$1 or wa% x 9 wat]1 or sc\r x ) s& or on a gr9d/one1 /ill x 9 n[ise lays aside its acquir$ /r5g?4 ,= ! =ce is spread ?r\gh ! :ole body & conceiv$ 9 ! inmo/ p>ts1 & _c 9 any way be wa%$ or wip$ away4 ,let an exp]im5t !n be made 9 fire1 t untam$ tyrant ( nature4 ,take a piece ( iron ( ! l5g? ( a palm & ! ?ickness ( a goosequill p52 let ?is iron be pass$ ?r\gh a suitable r\nd cork & plac$ on ! surface ( wat]1 & obs]ve ! end :i* turns to ! nor?2 rub ?is p>ticul> end ) ! true s\!rn end ( a load/one2 ! iron s rubb$ turns t[>d ! s\?4 ,remove ! cork1 & place ! end 99 :i* 0 excit$ 9 ! fire until ! iron is j r$-hot2 :5 x is cool$1 x w reta9 ! /r5g? ( ! load/one & ! v]ticity1 ?\gh x w n be s prompt1 :e!r because ! =ce ( ! fire _h n yet cont9u$ long en\gh to ov]come all its #abd /r5g?1 or because ! :ole iron 0 n heat$ to r$ness1 = ! virtue is diffus$ ?r\gh ! :ole4 ,remove ! cork a second "t1 & putt+ ! :ole iron 9 ! fire1 bl[ ! fire ) ! bell[s1 s t x may be all agl[1 & let x rema9 a little long] "t r$-hot2 :5 cool$ 7s1 h[ev]1 t1 :il/ x is cool+1 x does n re/ 9 "o position71 place x aga9 on ! wat] ) ! cork1 & y w see t x has lo/ ! v]ticity 99 :i* x _h acquir$ f ! /one4 ,f ^! exp]im5ts x is cle> h[ difficult x is = ! prop]ty ( pol>ity implant$ by ! load/one to be de/roy$4 ,b if a small load/one _h rema9$ z long 9 ! same fire1 x w\ld h lo/ its /r5g?4 ,iron1 because x does n s easily p]i%1 & is n s easily burnt up z v _m load/ones1 reta9s its /r5g? m /ably1 & :5 x is lo/ c recov] x aga9 f a load/one2 b a load/one :5 burnt does n revive4 ,b n[ t iron1 :i* has 99 be5 depriv$ ( its magnetick =m1 moves 9 a diff]5t way f any o!r piece ( iron1 = x has lo/ its pol> nature2 & :]eas be=e ! t\* ( ! load/one x may h _h a motion t[>d ! nor?1 & aft] contact t[>d ! s\?2 n[ x turns to no def9ite & p>ticul> po9t2 b aft]w>ds1 v sl[ly & aft] 99 a long "t1 x beg9s to turn 9 a d\btful fa%ion t[>d ! poles ( ! e>? 7hav+ acquir$ "s p[] f ! e>?74 ,i h said t ! cause ( direction 0 tw(old1 "o implant$ 9 ! /one & iron1 b ! o!r 9 ! e>?1 implant$ by ! dispon5t virtue2 & = t reason 7! di/9ction ( poles & ! v]ticity 9 ! iron hav+ n[ be5 de/roy$7 a sl[ & weak directive p[] is acquir$ anew f ! v]ticity ( ! e>?4 ,we may see1 !re=e1 ) :at difficulty & only by ! application ( hot fires & by long ignition ( ! iron heat$ to s(tness1 ! imp>t$ magnetick virtue is eradicat$4 ,:5 ?is ignition has ov]come ! acquir$ pol>ity1 & x has be5 n[ completely subdu$ & n awak5$ aga91 t iron is left unsettl$ & utt]ly incapable ( direction4 ,b we mu/ fur!r inquire h[ iron rema9s affect$ by v]ticity4 ,x is manife/ t x /rongly affects & *anges ! nature ( ! iron1 because ! pres5ce ( a load/one attracts ! iron to itself ) an altoge!r wond]ful read9ess4 ,nor is x only ! "p t is rubb$1 b on acc\nt ( ! rubb+ 7on "o end only7 ! :ole iron is affect$ toge!r1 & ga9s by x a p]man5t ?\gh an unequal p[]4 ,?is is demon/rat$ z foll[s4 ,rub an iron wire on ! end s 99 t x is excit$1 & x w turn t[>ds ! nor?2 aft]w>d cut (f "s portion ( x2 y w see t x /ill turns t[>d ! nor? 7z be=e71 b m feebly4 ,= x mu/ be und]/ood t ! load/one excites a /eady v]ticity 9 ! :ole iron 7if ! rod be n too long7 m vigor\s ?r\gh\t ! :ole mass 9 a %ort] b>1 & z long z ! iron rema9s t\*+ ! load/one a little #abe /rong]4 ,b :5 ! iron is sep>at$ f contact ) x1 !n x becomes mu* weak]1 especially 9 ! end t 0 n t\*$4 ,j z a long rod1 "o end ( :i* is plac$ 9 ! fire & heat$1 gr[s exce$+ly hot at t end1 less s 9 ! p>ts adjo9+ & 9 ! middle1 :il/ at ! o!r end x c be held 9 ! h&1 & t end is only w>m2 s ! magnetical vig\r dim9i%es f ! excit$ end to ! o!r end2 b x is pres5t !re in/antly1 & does n ent] aft] an int]val ( "t nor successively1 z ! heat 9 ! iron2 = z soon z a piece ( iron has be5 t\*$ by a load/one x is excit$ ?r\gh\t its :ole l5g?4 ,= ! sake ( exp]im5t1 let !re be a rod ( iron #d or 99 #e digits long1 unt\*$ by a load/one2 z soon z y t\* "o end only ) a load/one1 ! opposite end imm$iately1 or 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye1 by ! p[] t x has conceiv$1 repels or attracts a v]sorium1 if x be appli$ to x ev] s quickly4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,iiii4 ,:y ,iron t\*$ by a ,load/one acquires an opposite v]ticity1 & :y iron t\*$ by ! true ,nor!rn side ( a /one turns to ! ,nor? ( ! e>?1 by ! true ,s\!rn side to ! ,s\?2 & does n turn to ! ,s\? :5 rubb$ by ! ,nor!rn po9t ( ! /one1 & :5 by ! ,s\!rn to ! ,nor?1 z all :o h writt5 on ! load/one h falsely suppos$4 ,demon/ration has already be5 giv5 t ! nor!rn "p ( a load/one does n attract ! nor!rn "p ( ano!r /one1 b ! s\!rn1 & repels ! nor!rn "p ( ano!r /one f its nor!rn side :5 x is appli$#bjc to x4 ,t g5]al magnet1 ! t]re/rial globe1 disposes iron t\*$ by a load/one 9 ! same way1 & likewise magnetick iron /irs ?is same iron by its implant$ /r5g?1 & excites motion & controls x4 ,= :e!r ! comp>ison & exp]im5t has be5 made betwe5 load/one & load/one1 or load/one & iron1 or iron & iron1 or ! e>? & load/one1 or ! e>? & iron con=m$ 99 by ! e>? or /r5g!n$ by ! p[] ( a load/one1 ! /r5g? & incl9ations ( ea* mu/ mutually h>monize & accord 9 ! same way4 ,b ! reason mu/ be s\ght1 :y a piece ( iron :5 t\*$ by a load/one acquires a disposition to motion t[>d ! opposite pole ( ! e>?1 & n t[>d t #abf pole ( ! e>? to :i* t pole ( t load/one turn$ by :i* x 0 excit$4 ,x has be5 po9t$ out t iron & load/one are ( "o prim>y nature2 :5 ! iron is jo9$ to ! load/one1 !y become1 z x 71 "o body1 & n only is ! end ( ! iron *ang$1 b ! rema9+ p>ts also are affect$ along ) x4 ,a1 ! nor? pole ( a load/one1 is plac$ aga9/ ! cusp ( a piece ( iron2 ! cusp ( ! iron has n[ become ! s\!rn "p ( ! iron1 ,illu/ration because x is t\*+ ! nor!rn "p ( ! /one2 ! cross-end ( ! iron has become ! nor!rn4 ,= if t contigu\s magnetick sub/ance be sep>at$ f ! pole ( ! t]rella1 or f ! p>ts ne> ! pole1 ! "o end 7or ! end :i*1 :il/ ! connection 0 kept up1 0 t\*+ ! nor!rn "p ( ! /one7 is ! s\!rn1 :il/ ! o!r is ! nor!rn4 ,s also if a v]sorium excit$ by a load/one be divid$ into ev] s _m p>ts 7h[ev] small71 ^? p>ts :5 sep>at$ w1 x is cle>1 arrange !mselves 9 ! same disposition z t 9 :i* !y 7 dispos$ be=e1 :5 !y 7 undivid$4 ,:]e=e :il/ ! cusp rema9s ov] ! nor!rn pole ,a1 x is n ! s\!rn end1 b is1 z x 71 "p ( a :ole2 b :5 x is tak5 away f ! /one1 x is ! s\!rn end1 because :5 rubb$ x t5d$ t[>d ! nor!rn p>ts ( ! /one1 & ! cross 7! o!r end ( ! v]sorium7 is ! nor!rn end4 ,! load/one & ! iron make "o body2 ,b is ! s\? pole ( ! :ole2 ,c 7t is1 ! cross7 is ! nor!rn end ( ! :ole2 divide ! iron also at ,e1 & ,e w be ! s\!rn end ) respect to ! cross2 & ,e w likewise be ! nor!rn end 9 respect to ,b4 ,a is ! true nor!rn pole ( ! /one & is attract$ by ! s\!rn pole ( ! e>?4 ,! end ( ! iron :i* is t\*$ by ! true boreal "p ( ! /one becomes ! s\!rn end1 & turns to ,a1 ! nor? pole ( ! /one1 if x be ne>2 or if x be "s di/ance f ! /one x turns to ! nor? pole ( ! e>?4 ,s always iron :i* is t\*$ 7if x is free & unre/ra9$7 t5ds to ! opposite "p ( ! e>? f t "p to :i* ! load/one t t\*$ x t5ds4 ,nor does x 99 make any diff]5ce h[ x is rubb$1 :e!r /raight up or slant+ 9 "s way4 ,= 9 any case ! v]ticity fl[s into ! iron1 #abg ,illu/ration provid$ x is t\*$ by ei!r end4 ,:]e=e all ! cusps at ,b acquire ! same v]ticity1 aft] !y are sep>at$1 b opposite to t pole ( ! /one2 :]e=e also !y are unit$ to ! load/one at ! pole ,b2 & all ! crosses 9 ! pres5t figure h ! opposite v]ticity to ! pole ,e1 & are mov$ & laid hold ( by ,e :5 !y are 9 a conv5i5t position4 ,x is exactly ! same 9 ! case ( ! long /one ,f ,h divid$ at ,g2 ,f & ,h always move1 bo? 9 ! :ole & 9 ! divid$ /one1 to opposite poles ( ! e>?1 & ,o & ,p mutually attract "o ano!r1 ! "o ( !m be+ ! nor!rn1 ! o!r ! s\!rn4 ,=1 suppos+ ,h to h be5 ! s\!rn 9 ! :ole /one & ,f ! nor!rn1 ,p w be ! nor!rn ) respect to ,h 9 ! divid$ /one1 & ,o ! s\!rn ) respect to ,f4 ,s also ,f & ,h mutually incl9e to a connection1 if !y are turn$ a v little t[>d "o ano!r1 & run toge!r at l5g? & jo94 ,b suppos+ ! division ( ! /one to h be5 m]idional 7t is1 accord+ to ! l9e ( a m]idian1 n ( any p>allel circle71 !n !y turn ,illu/ration r\nd1 & ,a attracts ,b1 & ! end ,b is attract$ to ,a & attracts ,a1 until1 be+ turn$ r\nd1 !y are connect$ & cem5t$ toge!r2 because magnetick attraction is n made along ! p>allels1 b m]idionally4 ,= ?is reason pieces ( iron plac$ on a t]rella ^: poles are ,a ,b1 ne> ! quator along p>allels1 99 d n comb9e or /ick toge!r firmly3 #abh ,illu/ration ,b if appli$ to "o ano!r along a m]idian !y are imm$iately 99 jo9$ firmly toge!r1 n only on & ne> ! /one1 b ev5 at "s di/ance )9 ! =ce ( ! controll+ orbe4 ,?us !y are jo9$ & cem5t$ toge!r at ,e1 b n at ,c 9 ! o!r figure4 ,= ! opposite ends ,c & ,f meet & adhre toge!r 9 ! case ( ! iron j 9 ! same way z ,a & ,b be=e 9 ! case ( ! /one4 ,b !y are opposite ends1 because ! pieces ( iron proce$ f ! opposite sides & poles ( ! t]rella2 & ,c 9 ref]5ce to ! nor!rn pole ,a is s\!rn1 & ,f is boreal 9 ref]5ce to ! 99 s\!rn pole ,b4 ,9 l mann] also !y are cem5t$ toge!r1 if ! rod ,c 7be+ n too long#bjd7 be mov$ fur!r t[>d ,a1 & ,f t[>d ,b1 & !y be jo9$ toge!r ov] ! t]rella1 l ,a & ,b ( ! divid$ /one above4 ,b n[ if ! cusp ,a1 99 :i* has be5 t\*$ by a load/one1 be ! s\!rn end1 & y 7 to t\* & rub ) ?is ! cusp ( ano!r iron ne$le ,b1 :i* has n be5 t\*$1 ,b w be nor!rn1 & w po9t to ! s\?4 ,b if y 7 to t\* ) ! nor!rn po9t ,b any o!r iron ne$le1 /ill new1 on its cusp1 ?is aga9 w be s\!rn1 & w turn to ! nor?4 ,! iron n only receives ! necess>y /r5g? f ! load/one1 if x be a good load/one1 b also imp>ts its acquir$ /r5g? to ano!r piece ( iron1 & ! second to a ?ird 7always 9 /rict accordance ) magnetick laws74 ,9 all ^! demon/rations ( ours x %\ld always be borne 9 m9d t ! poles ( a /one1 z well z ^? ( iron1 :e!r t\*$ or unt\*$1 are always 9 fact & by nature opposite to ! pole t[>d :i* !y po9t & are s designat$ by u1 z we h laid d[n above4 ,= 9 !m all x is always ! nor!rn 99 :i* t5ds to ! s\?1 ei!r ( ! e>? or ( ! /one1 & ! s\!rn :i* t5ds to ! nor? ( ! /one4 ,nor!rn p>ts are attract$ by ! s\!rn ( ! e>?2 s 9 ! boat !y #abi t5d t[>d ! s\?4 ,a piece ( iron t\*$ by ! nor!rn p>ts ( a load/one becomes s\? at ! "o end & t5ds always 7if x is ne> & )9 ! orbe ( ! load/one7 to ! nor? ( ! /one1 & if x be free & left to itself at "s di/ance f ! /one1 x t5ds to ! nor!rn "p ( ! e>?4 ,! nor!rn pole ,a ( a load/one turns to ,g1 ! s\? ( ! e>?2 a v]sorium t\*$ at its cusp by ! "p ,a foll[s ,a1 because x has become s\!rn4 ,b ! v]sorium ,c1 plac$ f>!r away f ! load/one1 turns its cusp to ,f1 ! nor? ( ! e>?1 because 99 ! cusp has become s\!rn by contact ) ! boreal "p ( ! /one4 ,s ! ends t\*$ by ! nor!rn "p ( ! /one are made s\!rn1 or are excit$ ) a s\!rn pol>ity1 & t5d t[>d ! nor? ( ! e>?2 ^? t\*$ by ! s\!rn pole are made nor!rn1 or are excit$ ) a nor!rn =ce1 & turn to ! s\? ( ! e>?4 ,illu/ration 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,v4 ,on ! ,t\*+ ( pieces ( ,iron ( div]s %apes4 ,b>s ( iron1 :5 t\*$ by a load/one1 h "o end nor?1 ! o!r s\?1 & 9 ! middle is ! limit ( v]ticity1 l ! qu9octial circle on ! globe ( a t]rella or on an iron globe4 ,b :5 an iron r+ is rubb$ on "o side on a 99 load/one1 !n ! "o pole is on ! place t 0 9 contact1 :il/ ! o!r is at ! opposite po9t2 & ! magnetick p[] divides ! r+ into two p>ts by a natural di/9ction :i*1 ?\gh n 9 %ape1 yet 9 p[] & effect is l an quator4 ,b if a ?9 /raight rod be b5t into a r+ )\t any weld+ or union ( ! ends1 & be t\*$ 9 ! middle by a load/one1 bo? ends w be ( ! same v]ticity4 ,let a r+ be tak5 :i* is :ole & cont9u\s1 & :i* has be5 99 t\*$ by a load/one at "o place1 & let x be divid$ aft]w>d #acj at ! opposite po9t & /raight5$ out1 bo? ends w also be 99 ( ! same v]ticity1 no o!rwise ?an a ?9 rod t\*$ 9 ! middle or a r+ n cohr5t at ! jo9t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,vi4 ,:at seems an ,oppos+ ,motion 9 ,magneticks is a prop] motion t[>d unity4 ,illu/ration ,9 ?+s magnetical nature always t5ds to unity1 n m]ely to conflu5ce & agglom]ation1 b to h>mony2 9 su* a way t ! rotational & dispon5t faculty %\ld n be di/urb$1 z is v>i\sly %[n 9 ! foll[+ example4 ,let ,c ,d be an entire body ( "s magnetick sub/ance1 9 :i* ,c t5ds to ,b1 ! nor? ( ! e>?1 & ,d to ! s\?1 ,a4 ,!n#bje divide x 9 ! middle 9 its quator1 & x w be ,e t is t5d+ t[>d ,a1 & ,f t5d+ t[>d ,b4 ,= j z 9 ! undivid$ body1 s 9 ! divid$1 nature aims at ^! bodies be+ unit$2 ! end ,e aga9 jo9s ) ,f h>moni\sly & 99 eag]ly & !y /ick toge!r1 b ,e is nev] jo9$ to ,d1 nor ,f to ,c2 = !n ,c mu/ be turn$ contr>y to nature t[>d ,a1 ! s\?1 or ,d t[>d ,b1 ! nor?1 :i* is =eign to !m & incongru\s4 ,sep>ate ! /one 9 ! place :]e x is cut & turn ,d r\nd to ,c2 !y h>monize & comb9e excell5tly4 ,= ,d is t5d+ to ! s\?1 z be=e1 & ,c to ! nor?2 ,e & ,f1 p>ts :i* 7 cognate 9 ! ore1 are n[ widely sep>at$1 = !y d n move toge!r on acc\nt ( mat]ial aff9ity1 b !y take _! motion & incl9ation f _! =m4 ,s ! ends1 :e!r jo9$ or divid$1 t5d magnetically 9 ! same way to ! e>?'s poles 9 ! fir/ figure :]e !re is "o :ole1 or divid$ z 9 ! second figure2 & ,f ,e 9 ! second figure is a p]fect magnetick jo9$ toge!r into "o body & ,c ,d1 j z x 0 prim>ily produc$ 9 its ore1 & ,f ,e 9 its boat1 turn 9 #aca ?is way to ! poles ( ! e>? & are con=m$ to !m4 99 ,?is h>mony ( ! magnetick =m is %[n also 9 ! =ms ( vegetables4 ,let ,a ,b be a twig f a bran* ( osi] or o!r 99 tree :i* spr\ts easily4 ,let ,a be ! upp] "p1 ,b ! l[] "p t[>d ! root2 divide x at ,c ,d2 ,i say t ! end ,d1 if graft$ aga9 to ,c by ! prim]'s art1 gr[s to x2 j z also if ,b is graft$ to ,a1 !y gr[ toge!r & g]m9ate4 ,b ,d be+ graft$ on ,a1 or ,c on ,b1 !y are at v>iance1 & nev] gr[ into "o ano!r1 b "o ( !m dies on acc\nt ( ! inv]t$ & inh>moni\s arrangem5t1 s9ce ! vegetative =ce1 :i* moves 9 "o way1 is n[ impell$ 9 opposite directions4 ,illu/ration 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,vii4 ,a det]m9$ ,v]ticity & a dispon5t ,faculty are :at arrange magneticks1 n a =ce1 attract+ or pull+ !m toge!r1 nor m]ely /rongi% coition or unition4 ,illu/ration #acb ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! qu9octial ,a !re is no coition ( ! ends ( a piece ( iron ) ! t]rella2 at ! poles !re is ! /ronge/4 ,! great] ! di/ance f ! qu9octial1 ! /rong] is ! coition ) ! /one itself1 & ) any "p ( x1 n ) its pole alone4 ,yet pieces ( iron are n rais$ up on acc\nt ( "s peculi> attract+ =ce or a /rong] comb9$ =ce1 b on acc\nt ( t common direct+ or con=m+ & rotat+ =ce2 nor inde$ is a spike 9 ! "p ab\t ,b1 ev5 "o t is v small & ( no 99 weight#bjf1 rais$ up to ! p]p5dicul> by ! /ronge/ t]rella1 b cleaves to x obliquely4 ,also j z a t]rella attracts magnetick bodies v>i\sly ) dissimil> =ces1 s also an iron sn\t plac$ on ! /one obta9s a diff]5t pot5cy 9 proportion to ! latitude1 99 j z a sn\t at ,l by its firm] connection resi/s a great] weight m /\tly ?an "o at ,m1 & at ,m ?an at ,n4 ,b nei!r does ! sn\t raise ! spike to ! p]p5dicul> except at ! poles1 z is %[n 9 ! figure4 ,a sn\t at ,l may hold & lift f ! e>? two ounces ( iron 9 "o piece2 yet x is n /rong en\gh to raise an iron wire ( two gra9s weight to ! p]p5dicul>1 :i* w\ld happ5 if ! v]ticity arose on acc\nt ( a 99 /rong] attraction1 or r coition or unition4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,viii4 ,( ,discords betwe5 pieces ( ,iron ^u ! same pole ( a load/one1 & h[ !y c agree & /& jo9$ toge!r4 ,suppose two iron wires or a pair ( ne$les /uck on ! pole ( a t]rella2 ?\gh !y ought to /& p]p5dicul>ly1 !y mutually repel "o ano!r at ! upp] 99 end1 & produce ! appe>ance ( a =k2 & if "o end be =cibly impell$ t[>d ! o!r1 ! o!r decl9es & b5ds away f association ) x1 z 9 ! foll[+ figure4 ,illu/ration #acc ,a & ,b1 iron spikes1 adhre obliquely#bjg ^u ! pole on acc\nt ( _! ne>ness to "o ano!r2 ei!r alone w\ld o!rwise /& erect & p]p5dicul>4 ,= ! extremities ,a ,b1 be+ ( ! same v]ticity1 mutually abhor & fly "o ano!r4 ,= if ,c be ! nor!rn pole ( ! t]rella1 ,a & ,b are also nor!rn ends2 b ! ends :i* are jo9$ to & held at ! pole ,c are bo? 99 s\!rn4 ,b if ^? spikes be a little long] 7z1 = example1 ( two digits l5g?7 & be jo9$ by =ce1 !y adhre toge!r & unite 9 a fri5dly /yle1 & are n sep>at$ )\t =ce4 ,= !y are magnetically weld$1 & !re are n[ no long] two di/9ct ends1 b "o end & "o body2 no less ?an a wire :i* is d\bl$ & set up p]p5dicul>ly4 ,b "h is se5 also ano!r subtile po9t1 t if ^? spikes 7 %ort]1 n z mu* z ! 99 bread? ( "o digit1 or ev5 ! l5g? ( a b>leycorn1 !y are 9 no way will+ to h>monize or to /& /raight up at ! same "t1 because naturally 9 %ort] wires ! v]ticity is /rong] 9 ! ends :i* are di/ant f ! t]rella & ! magnetick discord m vehem5t ?an 9 long ones4 ,:]e=e !y 9 no way admit ( an intimate association & connection4 ,illu/ration ,likewise if ^? light] pieces ( iron or iron wires be susp5d$1 hang+1 z ,a & ,b1 f a v f9e silk ?read1 n twi/$ 99 b braid$1 di/ant f ! /one ! l5g? ( a s+le b>leycorn1 !n ! oppos+ ends1 ,a & ,b1 be+ situat$ )9 ! orbe ( virtue above ! pole1 keep a little away f "o ano!r = ! same reason2 except :5 !y are v ne> ! pole ( ! /one ,c1 ! /one !n attract+ !m m /rongly t[>d "o end4 99 99 99 99 99 #acd ,,*ap4 ,,ix4 ,figures illu/rat+ direction & %[+ v>ieties ( rotations4 ,illu/ration ,pass+ f ! probable cause ( motion t[>d fix$ po9ts 7accord+ to magnetick laws & pr9ciples71 x rema9s = u to indicate ^? motions4 ,above a r\nd load/one 7^: poles are ,a1 ,b7 let a v]satory ne$le be plac$ ^: cusp has be5 excit$ by ! pole ,a2 t cusp is c]ta9ly direct$ t[>d ,a1 & is /rongly attract$ by ,a2 because1 hav+ be5 t\*$ by ,a1 x is 9 true h>mony ) ,a1 & comb9es ) x2 & yet x is call$ contr>y1 because :5 ! v]sorium is sep>at$ f ! /one1 x is se5 to be mov$ t[>d ! opposite "p ( ! e>? to t t[>d :i* ! pole ,a ( ! load/one is mov$4 ,= if ,a be ! nor!rn pole ( ! t]rella1 ! cusp is ! s\!rn end ( ! ne$le1 ( :i* ! o!r end 7namely1 ! cross7 is po9t$ to ,b2 s ,b is ! s\!rn pole ( ! load/one1 b ! cross is ! nor!rn end ( ! v]sorium4 ,s also ! cusp is attract$ by ,e1 ,f1 ,g1 ,h1 & by e 99 "p ( a m]idian1 f ! quator t[>d ! pole1 by ! faculty dispon5t2 & :5 ! v]sorium is on ! same p>ts ( ! m]idian1 ! cusp is direct$ t[>d ,a4 ,= x is n ! po9t ,a t turns ! v]sorium t[>d x1 b ! :ole load/one2 z also ! :ole e>? does1 9 ! turn+ ( load/ones to ! e>?4 ,illu/ration ,figures illu/rat+ magnetick directions 9 a "r sph]e#bjh ( /one1 & 9 ! "r sph]e ( ! e>?1 z well z ! pol> directions to ! p]p5dicul> ( ! poles4 ,all ^! cusps h be5 t\*$ by ! pole ,a2 all ! cusps are turn$ t[>d ,a1 except+ t "o :i* is repell$ by ,b4 #ace ,illu/ration ,figures illu/rat+ horizontal directions above ! body ( a load/one4 ,all ! cusps t h be5 made s\!rn by rubb+ on ! boreal pole1 or "s place r\nd ! nor!rn pole ,a1 turn t[>d ! pole ,a1 & turn away f ! s\!rn pole ,b1 t[>d :i* all ! crosses look4 ,i call ! direction horizontal1 because x is arrang$ along ! plane ( ! horizon2 = nautical & 99 horological in/rum5ts are s con/ruct$ t ! iron hangs or is support$ 9 quilibrium on ! po9t ( a %>p p91 :i* prev5ts ! dipp+ ( ! v]sorium1 ab\t :i* we int5d to speak lat]4 ,& 9 ?is way x is ( ! greate/ use to man1 indicat+ & di/+ui%+ all ! po9ts ( ! horizon & ! w9ds4 ,o!rwise on e oblique sph]e 7:e!r ( /one or ! e>?7 v]soria & all magnetick sub/ances w\ld h a dip by _! own nature bel[ ! horizon2 & at ! poles ! directions w\ld be p]p5dicul>1 :i* appe>s 9 our discussion ,on ,decl9ation4 ,illu/ration ,a r\nd /one 7or t]rella7 cut 9 two at ! quator2 & all ! cusps h be5 t\*$ by ! pole ,a4 ,! po9ts at ! c5tre ( ! e>?1 & betwe5 ! two p>ts ( ! t]rella :i* has be5 cut 9 two ?r\gh ! plane ( ! quator1 #acf are direct$ z 9 ! pres5t#bji diagram4 ,?is w\ld also happ5 9 ! same way if ! division ( ! /one 7 ?r\gh ! plane ( a tropick1 & ! mutual sep>ation ( ! divid$ p>ts & ! int]val betwe5 !m 7 ! same z be=e1 :5 ! load/one 0 divid$ ?r\gh ! plane ( ! quator1 & ! p>ts sep>at$4 ,= ! cusps are repell$ by ,c1 are attract$ by ,d2 & ! v]soria are p>allel1 ! poles or ! v]ticity 9 bo? ends mutually requir+ x4 ,illu/ration ,half a t]rella by itself & its directions1 unlike ! directions 99 ( ! two p>ts close to "o ano!r z %[n 9 ! figure above4 ,all ! cusps h be5 t\*$ by ,a2 all ! crosses bel[ except ! middle "o t5d t[>d ! load/one1 n /raight1 b obliquely2 because ! pole is 9 ! middle ( ! plane :i* be=e 0 ! plane ( ! quator4 ,all cusps t\*$ by places di/ant f ! pole move t[>d ! pole 7exactly ! same z if !y _h be5 rubb$ ^u ! pole itself71 n t[>d ! place :]e !y 7 rubb$1 :]ev] t may h be5 9 ! undivid$ /one 9 "s latitude betwe5 ! pole & ! quator4 ,& = ?is reason !re are only two di/9ctions ( regions1 nor!rn & s\!rn1 9 ! t]rella1 j #acg z 9 ! g5]al t]re/rial globe1 & !re is no ea/]n nor we/]n place2 nor are !re any ea/]n or we/]n regions1 rightly speak+2 b !y are names us$ 9 respect ( "o ano!r t[>d ! ea/]n or we/]n "p ( ! sky4 ,:]e=e x does n appe> t ,ptolemy did rightly 9 8 ,quadrip>titum1 mak+ ea/]n & we/]n di/ricts & prov9ces1 ) :i* he improp]ly connects ! planets1 :om ! common cr[d ( philosophiz]s & ! sup]/iti\s soo?say]s foll[4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,x4 ,on ,mutation ( ,v]ticity & ( ,magnetick ,prop]ties1 or on alt]ation 9 ! p[] excit$ by a load/one4 ,friction ) a load/one gives to a piece ( iron a v]ticity /rong en\gh2 n1 h[ev]1 s /able t ! iron may n by be+ rubb$ on ! opposite "p 7n only ) a m p[]ful load/one1 b ) ! same7 be *ang$ & depriv$ ( all its =m] v]ticity1 & indu$ ) a new & opposite "o4 ,take a piece ( iron wire & rub ea* end ( ! wire equally ) "o & ! same pole ( a load/one1 & let x be pass$ ?r\gh a suitable cork & place x on wat]4 ,!n truly "o end ( ! wire w be direct$ t[>d t pole ( ! e>? t[>d :i* t end ( ! /one w n turn4 ,b :i* end ( ! iron wire w x be8 ,t c]ta9ly :i* 0 rubb$ la/4 ,rub ! o!r end ( ?is aga9 ) ! same pole1 & imm$iately 99 t end w turn itself 9 ! opposite direction4 ,aga9 t\* ! =m] end ( ! iron wire only ) ! same pole ( ! load/one z be=e2 & t#baj end1 hav+ ga9$ ! comm&1 imm$iately *anges to ! contr>y side4 ,s y w be able to *ange ! prop]ty ( ! iron frequ5tly1 & t end ( ! wire rules :i* has be5 t\*$ ! la/4 ,n[ !n m]ely hold ! boreal pole ( ! /one = "s "t ne> ! boreal "p ( ! wire :i* 0 la/ t\*$1 s t x does n t\*1 b s t x is remov$ f x by "o1 two1 or ev5 ?ree digits1 if ! /one h be5 pretty 99 /rong2 & aga9 x w *ange its prop]ty & w turn r\nd to ! contr>y side2 :i* w also happ5 7albeit r m feebly7 ev5 if ! load/one be remov$ to a di/ance ( f\r digits4 ,y w be able to d ! same ?+1 moreov]1 ) bo? ! au/ral & ! boreal "p ( ! /one 9 all ^! exp]im5ts4 ,v]ticity may likewise be acquir$ & *ang$ :5 ?9 plates ( gold1 99 silv]1 & glass are int]pos$ betwe5 ! /one & ! end ( ! iron or iron wire1 if ! /one 7 r /rong1 ev5 if ! #ach int]m$iate lam9a is n t\*$ ei!r by ! iron or ! /one4 ,& ^! *anges ( v]ticity take place 9 smelt$ iron4 ,inde$ :at ! "o pole ( ! /one implants & excites1 ! o!r di/urbs & ext+ui%es1 & conf]s a new =ce4 ,= x does n require a /rong] load/one to take away ! weak] & sluggi% virtue & to implant ! new "o2 nor is iron inebriat$ by ! equal /r5g? ( load/ones1 & made utt]ly unc]ta9 & neutral1 z ,bapti/a ,porta tea*es2 b by "o & ! same load/one1 or by load/ones end[$ ) equal p[] & might1 its /r5g? is1 9 accordance ) magnetick rules1 turn$ r\nd & *ang$1 excit$1 repair$1 or di/urb$4 ,b a load/one itself1 by be+ rubb$ on ano!r1 :e!r a l>g] or a m p[]ful /one1 is n di/urb$ f its own prop]ty & v]ticity1 nor does x turn r\nd t[>d ! opposite direction 9 its boat1 or to ! o!r pole opposite to t to :i* x incl9es by its own nature & implant$ v]ticity4 ,= /r5g? :i* is innate & has be5 implant$ = a v long "t abides m firmly1 nor does x easily yield f its anci5t hold+2 & t :i* has gr[n = a long "t is n all ( a sudd5 br\ght to no?+1 )\t ! de/ruction ( ! sub/ance conta9+ x4 ,nev]!less 9 a long int]val ( "t a *ange 99 does take place2 9 "o ye>1 t is to say1 or two1 or sometimes 9 a few mon?s2 d\btless :5 a weak] load/one rema9s ly+ by a /rong] "o contr>y to ! ord] ( nature1 namely1 ) ! nor!rn pole ( "o load/one adjo9$ to ! nor!rn pole ( ano!r1 or ! s\!rn to ! s\!rn4 ,= s ! weak] /r5g? gradually decl9es ) ! lapse ( "t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xi4 ,on ! ,rubb+ ( a piece ( ,iron on a ,load/one 9 places midway betwe5 ! poles1 & ^u ! qu9octial ( a t]rella4 ,select a piece ( iron wire ( ?ree digits l5g?1 n t\*$ by a load/one 7b x w be bett] if its acquir$ v]ticity be r weak or h be5 damag$ 9 "s way72 t\* x & rub x on ! quator ( a t]rella1 exactly on ! qu9octial l9e 9 ! direction ( its l5g?1 on ! "o end1 or ! ends only1 or 9 all its p>ts2 place ! wire t\*$ 9 ?is 99 way on wat] 9 a cork fitt$ = x2 x w swim ab\t d\btfully on ! waves )\t any acquir$ v]ticity1 & ! v]ticity previ\sly implant$ w be di/urb$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x float by *ance t[>d ! poles1 x w be *eck$ a little by ! poles ( ! e>?1 & w at l5g? by ! influ5ce ( ! e>? be indu$ ) v]ticity4 99 99 99 99 99 #aci ,,*ap4 ,,xii4 ,9 :at way ,v]ticity exi/s 9 any ,iron t has be5 smelt$ ?\gh n excit$ by a lode/one4 ,illu/ration ,hav+ ?us f>#baa demon/rat$ natural & inborn causes & p[]s acquir$ by means ( ! /one1 we w n[ exam9e ! causes ( magnetick virtues 9 smelt$ iron t has n be5 excit$ by a /one4 ,load/one & iron furni% & exhibit to u wond]ful subtilities4 ,x has be5 repeat$ly %[n above t iron n excit$ by a /one turns nor? & s\?2 fur!r t x has v]ticity1 t is1 special & peculi> pol> di/9ctions1 j z a load/one1 or iron :i* has be5 rubb$ ^u a load/one4 ,?is inde$ seem$ to u at fir/ wond]ful & incr$ible2 ! metal ( iron f ! m9e is smelt$ 9 ! furnace2 x runs out ( ! furnace1 & h>d5s into a great mass2 ?is mass is divid$ 9 great work/eads1 & is drawn into iron b>s1 f :i* smi?s aga9 con/ruct _m in/rum5ts & necess>y pieces ( iron-"w4 ,?us ! same mass is v>i\sly work$ up & trans=m$ into v _m similitudes4 ,:at is x1 !n1 :i* #adj pres]ves its v]ticity1 & :5ce is x d]iv$8 ,s take ?is fir/ f ! above#bab smi?y4 ,let ! blacksmi? beat out ^u 8 anvil a gl[+ mass ( iron ( two or ?ree ounces weight into an iron spike ( ! l5g? ( a span ( n9e in*es4 ,let ! smi? be /&+ ) 8 face to ! nor?1 8 back to ! s\?1 s t 99 ! hot iron on be+ /ruck has a motion ( ext5sion to ! nor?2 & let him s complete 8 "w ) "o or two heat+s ( ! iron 7if t be requir$72 let him always1 h[ev]1 :il/ he is /rik+ ! iron1 direct & beat out ! same po9t ( x t[>d ! nor?1 & let him lay d[n t end t[>d ! nor?4 ,let him 9 ?is way complete two1 ?ree1 or m pieces ( iron1 nay1 a hundr$ or f\r hundr$2 x is demon/rable t all ^? :i* are ?us beat5 out t[>d ! nor?1 & s plac$ :il/ !y are cool+1 turn r\nd on _! c5tres2 & float+ pieces ( iron 7be+ transfix$1 ( c\rse1 ?r\gh suitable corks7 make a motion 9 ! wat]1 ! det]m9$ end be+ t[>d ! nor?4 ,9 ! same way also pieces ( iron acquire v]ticity f _! direction :il/ !y are be+ beat5 out & hamm]$ or drawn out1 99 z iron wires are accu/om$ to d t[>d "s po9t ( ! horizon betwe5 ea/ & s\? or betwe5 s\? & we/1 or 9 ! opposite direction4 ,^?1 h[ev]1 :i* are po9t$ or drawn out r t[>d ! ea/]n or we/]n po9t1 conceive 99 h>dly any v]ticity or a v undecid$ "o4 ,t v]ticity is especially acquir$ by be+ beat5 out4 ,b a some:at inf]ior iron ore1 9 :i* no magnetick p[]s are app>5t1 if put 9 a 99 fire 7its position be+ obs]v$ to be t[>d ! poles ( ! _w or ( ! e>?7 & heat$ = eight or t5 h\rs1 !n cool$ away f ! fire1 9 ! same position t[>ds ! poles1 acquires a v]ticity 9 accordance ) ! position ( its heat+ & cool+4 ,let a rod ( ca/ iron be heat$ r$-hot 9 a /rong fire1 9 :i* x lies 99 m]idionally 7t is1 along ! pa? ( a m]idian circle71 & let be remov$ f ! fire & cool$1 & let x return to its =m] temp]ature1 rema9+ 9 ! same position z be=e2 !n f ?is x w turn out t1 if ! same ends h be5 turn$ to ! same poles ( ! e>?1 x w acquire v]ticity1 & ! end :i* look$ t[>d ! ,nor? on wat] ) a cork be=e ! heat+1 if x h be5 plac$ dur+ ! heat+ & cool+ t[>d ! f\r?1 n[ turns r\nd to ! s\?4 ,b if p]*ance sometimes ! rotation h be5 d\btful & some:at feeble1 let x be plac$ aga9 9 ! fire1 & :5 x is tak5 out at a r$ heat1 let x be p]fectly cool$ t[>d ! pole f :i* we desire ! v]ticity1 & ! v]ticity w be acquir$4 ,let ! same rod be heat$ 99 9 ! contr>y position1 & let x be plac$ s at a r$ heat x is cool2 = x is f its position 9 cool+ 7by ! op]ation ( ! v]ticity ( ! e>?7 t v]ticity is put into ! iron1 & x turns r\nd to p>ts contr>y to its =m] v]ticity4 ,s #ada ! end :i* =m]ly look$ t[>d ! nor? n[ turns to ! s\?4 ,9 accordance ) ^! reason+s & 9 ^! ways ! boreal pole ( ! e>? gives to ! end ( a piece ( iron turn$ t[>d x a s\!rn v]ticity1 & t end is attract$ by t pole4 99 ,& "h x mu/ be obs]v$ t ?is happ5s to iron n only :5 x is cool$ 9 ! plane ( ! horizon1 b also at any angle to x almo/ up to ! p]p5dicul> t[>d ! c5tre ( ! e>?4 ,s ! heat$ iron conceives vig\r & v]ticity f ! e>? m quickly 9 ! c\rse ( its return to its normal /ate1 & 9 its recov]y1 z x 7 79 ! c\rse ( :i* x is trans=m$71 ?an by its m]e position alone4 ,?is is effect$ bett] & m 99 p]fectly 9 w9t] & 9 cold] air1 :5 ! metal returns m c]ta9ly to its natural temp]ature1 ?an 9 summ] & 9 w>m regions4 ,let u see also :at position alone & a direction t[>d ! poles ( ! e>? c effect by itself )\t fire & heat4 ,iron rods :i* h be5 plac$ & fix$ = a long "t1 tw5ty 99 or m ye>s1 f s\? to nor? 7z !y n infrequ5tly are fix$ 9 build+s & across w9d[s71 ^? rods1 ,i say1 by t long lapse ( "t acquire v]ticity & turn r\nd1 :e!r hang+ 9 ! air1 or float+ 7be+ plac$ on cork71 to ! pole t[>d :i* !y 7 po9t+1 & magnetically attract & repel a balanc$ iron magnetick2 = ! long cont9u$ position ( ! body t[>d ! poles is ( mu* avail4 ,?is fact 7al?\gh conspicu\s by manife/ exp]im5ts7 is confirm$ by an incid5t relat$ 9 an ,italian lett]#bac at ! end ( a book ( ,mae/ro ,filippo ,co/a1 ( ,mantua1 ,sopra le ,compositioni degli ,antidoti writt5 9 ,italian1 :i* translat$ runs ?us3 ,a druggi/ ( ,mantua %[$ me a piece ( iron entirely *ang$ into a magnet1 draw+ ano!r piece ( iron 9 su* a way t x c\ld be comp>$ ) a load/one4 ,n[ ?is piece ( iron1 :5 x _h = a long "t held up a brick ornam5t on ! top ( ! t[] ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,augu/9e at ,rim9i1 _h be5 at l5g? b5t by ! =ce ( ! w9ds1 & rema9$ s = a p]iod ( t5 ye>s4 ,:5 ! monks wi%$ to b5d x back to its =m] %ape1 & _h h&$ x ov] to a blacksmi?1 a surgeon nam$ ,mae/ro ,giulio ,caes>e discov]$ t x 0 l a magnet & attract$ iron4 ,?is 0 caus$ by ! turn+ ( its extremities t[>d ! poles = s long a "t4 ,& s :at has be5 laid d[n be=e ab\t *ange ( v]ticity %\ld be borne 9 m9d2 h[ 9 fact ! poles ( iron spikes are alt]$1 :5 a load/one is plac$ aga9/ !m only ) its pole & po9ts t[>d !m1 ev5 at a r long di/ance4 ,cle>ly x is 9 ! same way t t l>ge magnet also 7to wit1 ! e>? itself7 affects a piece ( iron & *anges its v]ticity4 ,=1 al?\gh ! iron may n t\* ! pole ( ! e>?1 nor any magnetick "p ( ! e>?1 yet v]ticity is acquir$ & *ang$2 n because ! poles ( ! e>? & ! po9t itself :i* is #ci di/ant #adb f our city ( ,london1 *anges ! v]ticity at a di/ance ( s _m miles2 b because ! :ole magnetick e>?1 t :i* projects to a consid]able height1 & to :i* ! iron is ne>1 & t :i* is situat$ betwe5 u & ! pole1 & ! vig\r exi/+ )9 ! orbe ( its magnetick virtue 7! nature ( ! :ole conspir+ !reto71 produces ! v]ticity4 ,= ! magnetick efflu5ce ( ! e>? rules ev]y:]e )9 ! orbe ( its virtue1 & trans=ms bodies2 b ^? ?+s :i* are m simil> to x1 & specially connect$ ) x by nature1 x rules & controls2 z load/one & iron4 ,:]e=e 9 v _m matt]s ( bus9ess & actions x is cle>ly n sup]/iti\s & idle to obs]ve ! positions & conditions ( l&s1 ! po9ts ( ! horizon & ! places ( ! />s4 ,= z :5 a babe is br\ght =? into ! light f its "m's womb1 & acquires respiration & c]ta9 animal activities1 !n ! planets & cele/ial bodies#bad1 accord+ to _! position 9 ! univ]se1 & accord+ to t configuration :i* !y h ) reg>d to ! horizon & ! e>?1 in/il peculi> & individual qualities into ! newly born2 s t piece ( iron1 :il/ x is be+ =m$ & l5g!n$ out1 is affect$ by ! common cause 7to wit1 ! e>?72 :il/ x is return+ also f its heat$ condition to its =m] temp]ature1 x is imbu$ ) a special v]ticity 9 accord ) its position4 ,r long pieces ( iron sometimes h ! same v]ticity 99 at ea* end2 :]e=e !y h motions :i* are less c]ta9 & well ord]$ on acc\nt ( _! l5g? & ( ! a=esaid processes1 exactly z :5 an iron wire f\r feet long is rubb$ at ea* end ^u ! same pole ( a load/one4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xiii4 ,:y no o!r ,body1 except+ a magnetick1 is imbu$ ) v]ticity by be+ rubb$ on a load/one2 & :y no body is able to in/il & excite t virtue1 unless x be a magnetick4 ,ligne\s sub/ances float+ on wat] nev] by _! own /r5g? turn r\nd t[>d ! poles ( ! e>?1 save by *ance4 ,s wires ( gold1 silv]1 brass1 t91 lead1 or glass1 pu%$ ?r\gh corks & float+1 h no sure direction2 & = ?is reason !y d n %[ poles or po9ts ( v>iation :5 rubb$ ) a load/one4 ,= ^? ?+s :i* d n ( !mselves incl9e t[>d ! poles & obey ! e>? are also n rul$ by #adc ! t\* ( a load/one2 = ! magnetick vig\r has no entrance into _! inw>d p>ts2 nei!r is ! magnetick =m receiv$ by !m1 nor are _! =ms magnetically excit$2 nor1 if x did ent]1 w\ld x effect any?+1 because 9 ^? bodies 7mix$ up ) v>i\s k9ds ( effloresc5t hum\rs & =ms1 corrupt$ f ! orig9al prop]ty ( ! e>?7 !re are no prim>y qualities4 ,b ^? prime qualities ( iron are excit$ by ! juxtaposition ( a load/one1 j z brute animals or m51 :5 !y are awak5$ out ( sleep1 move & put =? _! /r5g?4 ,"h "o mu/ m>vel at a demon/rable error ( ,b4 ,porta1 :o1 :ile rightly oppos+ a v old falsehood ab\t ! diamond1 9 speak+ ( a p[] contr>y to t ( ! load/one1 introduces ano!r /ill worse op9ion2 t =soo? iron1 :5 t\*$ by a diamond1 turns to ! nor?4 ,if 7he says7 y rub a /eel-,ne$le on a ,diamond1 & !n put x 9 a ,boat1 or ?ru/ x ?r\gh a re$1 or hang x up by a ,?read1 x w pres5tly turn to ! ,nor?1 almo/ z well z if x _h be5 t\*$ ) ! ,load/one2 b some?+ m fa9tly4 ,&1 :at is wor? not+1 ! contr>y "p w turn ! iron to ! ,s\?3 & :5 ,i _h tri$ ?is 9 _m /eel-,ne$les1 & put !m all into ! ,wat]1 ,i f\nd1 t !y all /ood equi-di/ant1 po9t+ to ! ,nor?4 ,?is inde$ w\ld 99 be contr>y to our magnetick rules4 ,= ?is reason we made an exp]im5t ) sev5ty excell5t diamonds1 9 ! pres5ce ( _m witnesses1 on a l>ge numb] ( spikes & wires1 ) ! mo/ c>eful precautions1 float+ 7?ru/1 ( c\rse1 ?r\gh _! corks7 on ! surface ( wat]2 nev]1 h[ev]1 c\ld we obs]ve ?is4 ,he 0 deceiv$ by ! v]ticity acquir$ f ! e>? 7z /at$ above7 9 ! spike or wire ( iron itself1 & ! iron itself turn$ aside to its own def9ite pole2 & he1 be+ ignorant ( ?is1 ?\ght x 0 done by ! diamond4 ,b let ! inve/igators ( natural ph5om5a take he$ t !y are n ! m deceiv$ by _! own badly obs]v$ exp]im5ts1 & di/urb ! commonweal? ( lett]s ) _! errors & /upidities4 ,diamond is sometimes designat$ by ! "n ( ,sid]itis1 n because x is made ( iron or because x draws iron1 b on acc\nt ( its lu/re1 resembl+ fla%+ /eel2 ) su* a lu/re d ! *oice/ pieces ( diamond %9e2 h5ce by v _m writ]s _m qualities are imput$ to diamond :i* really belong to sid]ite load/one4 99 99 99 99 99 #add ,,*ap4 ,,xiiii4 ,! ,plac+ ( a ,load/one above or bel[ a magnetick body susp5d$ 9 quilibrium *anges nei!r ! p[] nor ! v]ticity ( ! magnetick body4 ,quietly to pass ?is ov] w\ld be improp]1 because a rec5t error aris+ f a defective obs]vation ( ,bapti/a ,porta mu/ be ov]?r[n2 on :i* he 7by an un=tunate repetition7 ev5 writes ?ree *apt]s1 namely1 ! #ah?1 ! #ca/1 & ! #dbnd4 ,= if a load/one or a piece ( magnetick iron1 hang+ 9 quilibrium or float+ on wat]1 is attract$ & dispos$ t[>d c]ta9 def9ite po9ts1 :5 y br+ above x a piece ( iron or ano!r load/one1 x w n1 if y aft]w>d put ! same#bae bel[ x1 turn r\nd to ! contr>y p>ts2 b ! same ends ( ! iron or ! load/one w always be direct$ t[>d ! same ends ( ! /one1 ev5 if ! load/one or ! iron is susp5d$ 9 any way 9 quilibrium or is pois$ on a ne$le1 s t x c turn r\nd freely4 ,he 0 deceiv$ by ! irregul> %ape ( "s /one1 or because he did n arrange ! exp]im5t suitably4 ,:]e=e he is l$ a/ray by a va9 op9ion1 & ?9ks he may inf] t1 j z a /one has an arctic & ant>ctic pole1 s also x has a we/]n & an ea/]n1 & an upp] & a l[] pole4 ,s f fooli% ideas conceiv$ & admitt$ arise o!r fallacies4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xv4 ,! ,poles1 quator1 ,c5tre 9 an entire ,load/one rema9 & cont9ue /eady2 by dim9ution & sep>ation ( "s "p !y v>y & acquire o!r positions4 ,illu/ration 99 ,suppose ,a ,b to be a t]rella1 ^: c5tre is ,e1 & ^: diamet] 7z also its qu9octial circle7 is ,d ,f4 ,if y cut (f a portion 7?r\gh ! arctic circle1 = example71 ,g ,h1 x is demon/rable t ! pole :i* 0 at ,a n[ has a position at ,i4 ,b ! c5tre & ! qu9octial rec$e t[>d ,b #ade m]ely s t !y are always 9 ! middle ( ! mass t is left betwe5 ! plane ( ! arctick circle ,g ,i ,h & ! ant>ctick pole ,b4 ,!re=e ! segm5t ( ! t]rella compris$ betwe5 ! plane ( ! =m] qu9octial 7t1 ( c\rse1 :i* 0 ! quator be=e cutt+ t "p away7 ,d ,e ,f & ! newly acquir$ quator ,m ,l ,n w always be equal to ! half ( t "p :i* 0 cut (f1 ,g ,i ,h ,a4 ,illu/ration 99 ,b if ! portions h be5 tak5 away f ! side ,c ,d1 ! poles & axis w n be 9 ! l9e ,a ,b1 b 9 ,e ,f1 & ! axis w\ld be *ang$ 9 ! same proportion z ! quator 9 ! =m] figure4 ,= ^? positions ( =ces & virtues1 or r limits ( ! virtues1 :i* are d]iv$ f ! :ole =m1 are mov$ =w>d by *ange ( quantity & %ape2 s9ce all ^! limits arise f ! conspir+ toge!r ( ! :ole & ( all #adf ! p>ts unit$2 & ! v]ticity or ! pole is n a virtue innate 9 "o "p1 or 9 "s def9ite limit1 or fix$ 9 ! sub/ance2 b x is an incl9ation ( ! virtue to t "p4 ,& j z a t]rella sep>at$ f ! e>? has no long] ! e>?'s poles & quator1 b individual ones ( its own2 s also if x aga9 be divid$1 ^? limits & di/9ctions ( ! qualities & virtues pass on to o!r p>ts4 ,b if a load/one be divid$ 9 any way1 ei!r along a p>allel1 or m]idionally1 s t by ! *ange ( %ape ei!r ! poles or ! quator move to o!r positions1 if ! "p cut (f be m]ely appli$ 9 its natural position & jo9$ to ! :ole1 ev5 )\t any agglut9ation or cem5t+ toge!r1 ! det]m9+ po9ts ( ! virtues return aga9 to _! =m] sites1 z if no "p ( ! body _h be5 cut (f4 ,:5 a body is entire1 its =m rema9s entire2 b :5 ! body is less5$1 a new :ole is made1 & !re arises a new entirety1 det]m9$ = e load/one1 h[ev] small1 ev5 = magnetick gravel1 & = ! f9e/ s&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xvi4 ,if ! ,s\!rn ,portion ( a ,/one be less5$1 some?+ is also tak5 away f ! p[] ( ! ,nor!rn ,portion4 ,n[ al?\gh ! s\!rn end ( a magnetick iron is attract$ by a nor!rn end1 & repell$ by a s\!rn1 yet ! s\!rn portion ( a /one does n dim9i%1 b increases ! pot5cy ( ! boreal "p4 ,:]e=e if a /one be cut 9 two & divid$ ?r\gh ! arctick circle1 or ?r\gh ! tropick ( ,canc] or ! quator1 ! s\!rn portion does n attract magnetick sub/ances s /rongly ) its pole z be=e2 because a new :ole arises1 & ! quator is remov$ f its old position & moves =w>d on acc\nt ( t cutt+ ( ! /one4 ,9 ! =m] condition1 s9ce ! opposite portion ( ! /one increases ! mass beyond ! plane ( ! quator1 x /r5g!ns also ! v]ticity1 & ! pot5cy1 & ! motion to unity4 99 99 99 99 99 #adg ,,*ap4 ,,xvii4 ,on ! ,use & ,excell5ce ( ,v]soria3 & h[ iron v]soria us$ z po9t]s 9 sun-dials1 & ! f9e ne$les ( ! m>9]s' compass1 are to be rubb$1 t !y may acquire /rong] v]ticity4 ,v]soria prep>$ by ! load/one subs]ve s _m actions 9 human life t x w n be out ( place to record a bett] me?od ( t\*+ !m & excit+ !m magnetically1 & a suitable mann] ( op]at+4 ,ri* ores ( iron & su* z yield a great] proportion ( metal are recogniz$ by means ( an iron ne$le susp5d$ 9 quilibrium & magnetically prep>$2 & magnetick /ones1 clays1 & e>?s are di/+ui%$1 :e!r crude or prep>$4 ,an iron ne$le 7! s\l ( ! m>9]s' compass71 ! m>vell\s director 9 voyages & f+] ( ,god1 "o might almo/ say1 indicates ! c\rse1 & has po9t$ out ! :ole way ar\nd ! e>? 7unkn[n = s _m ages74 ,! ,spani>ds 7z also ! ,engli%7 h frequ5tly circumnavigat$ 7by an imm5se circuit7 ! :ole globe by aid ( ! m>9]s' compass4 ,^? :o travel ab\t ?r\gh ! _w or :o sit at home h sun-dials4 ,a magnetick po9t] foll[s & se>*es out ! ve9s ( ore 9 m9es4 ,by its aid m9es are driv5 9 tak+ cities2 catapults & eng9es ( w> are aim$ by night2 x has be5 ( s]vice = ! topography ( places1 = m>k+ (f ! areas & position ( build+s1 & = excavat+ aqu$ucts = wat] "u gr\nd4 ,on x dep5d in/rum5ts design$ to inve/igate its own dip & v>iation4 ,:5 iron is to be quick5$ by ! /one1 let x be clean & bright1 disfigur$ by no ru/ or dirt1 & ( ! be/ /eel#baf4 ,let ! /one itself be wip$ dry1 & let x n be damp ) any moi/ure1 b let x be fil$ g5tly ) "s smoo? piece ( iron4 ,b ! hitt+ ( ! /one ) a hamm] is ( no advantage4 ,by ^! means let _! b>e surfaces be jo9$1 & let !m be rubb$1 s t !y may come toge!r m firmly2 n s t ! mat]ial sub/ance ( ! /one be+ jo9$ to ! iron may cleave to x1 b !y are rubb$ g5tly toge!r ) friction1 & 7useless p>ts be+ rubb$ (f7 !y are intimately unit$2 :5ce a m notable ,illu/ration virtue arises 9 ! iron t is excit$4 ,a is ! be/ way ( t\*+ a v]sorium :5 ! cusp t\*es ! pole & faces x2 ,b is a mod]ately good way1 :51 ?\gh fac+ x1 x is a little way #adh di/ant f ! pole2 also 9 l mann] ,c is only mod]ately good on acc\nt ( ! cusp be+ turn$ away f ! pole2 ,d1 :i* is f>!r di/ant1 is h>dly s good2 ,f1 :i* is prep>$ crosswise along a p>allel1 is bad2 ( no virtue & entirely irresponsive & feeble is ! magnetick index ,l1 :i* is rubb$ along ! quator2 oblique & n po9t+ t[>ds ! pole z ,g1 & oblique1 n po9t+ t[>d b turn$ away f ! pole z ,h1 are bad4 ,^! h be5 plac$ s t !y might indicate ! di/9ct =ces ( a r\nd /one4 ,b me*anicians v (t5 h a /one t5d+ m to a cone %ape1 & m p[]ful on acc\nt ( t %ape s9ce ! pole1 on :i* !y rub _! wires1 is at ! apex ( ! project+ "p4 ,sometimes ! /one has on ! top & above its own pole an artificial acorn or sn\t made ( /eel = ! sake ( its p[]4 ,iron ne$les are rubb$ on ! top ( ?is2 :]e=e !y turn t[>d ! same pole z if !y _h be5 prep>$ on t "p ( ! /one ) ! acorn remov$4 ,let ! /one be l>ge en\gh & /rong2 ! ne$le1 ev5 if x be r long1 %\ld be suffici5tly ?ick1 n v sl5d]2 ) a mod]ate cusp1 n too %>p1 al?\gh ! virtue is n 9 ! cusp itself only1 b 9 ! :ole piece ( iron4 ,a /rong l>ge /one is n unfit = rubb+ all ne$les on1 except+ t sometimes by its /r5g? x occasions "s dip & di/urbance 9 ! iron 9 ! case ( long] ne$les2 s t "o :i*1 hav+ be5 t\*$ be=e1 re/$ 9 equilibrium 9 ! plane ( ! horizon1 n[ :5 t\*$ & excit$ dips at "o end1 z f> z ! upright p9 on :i* x turns p]mits x4 ,:]e=e 9 ! case ( long] v]soria1 ! end :i* is go+ to be ! ,boreal1 be=e x is rubb$1 %\ld be a little light]1 s t x may rema9 exactly 9 quilibrio aft] x is t\*$4 ,b a ne$le 9 ?is way prep>$ does its 99 #adi "w worse ! f>!r x is beyond ! qu9octial circle4 ,let ! prep>$ ne$le be plac$ 9 its capsule1 & let x n be t\*$ by any o!r magneticks1 nor rema9 9 ! ne> vic9ity ( !m1 le/ by _! oppos+ =ces1 :e!r p[]ful or sluggi%1 x %\ld become unc]ta9 & dull4 ,if y also rub ! o!r end ( ! ne$le on ! o!r pole ( ! /one1 ! ne$le w p]=m its functions m /eadily1 especially if x be r long4 ,a piece ( iron t\*$ by a load/one reta9s ! magnetick virtue1 excit$ 9 x ev5 = ages#bag1 firm & /rong1 if x is plac$ accord+ to nature m]idionally & n along a p>allel1 & is n injur$ by ru/ or any ext]nal injury f ! surr\nd+ m$ium4 ,porta wrongly seeks = a proportion betwe5 ! load/one & ! iron3 because1 he says1 a little piece ( iron w n be capable ( hold+ mu* virtue2 = x is consum$ by ! great =ce ( ! load/one4 ,a piece ( iron receives its own virtue fully1 ev5 if x be only ( ! weight ( "o scruple1 :il/ ! mass ( ! load/one is a ?\s& p\nds4 ,x is also useless to make ! ne$le r flat at ! end t is t\*$1 s t x may be bett] & m p]fectly magnetick1 & t x may be/ receive & hold c]ta9 magnetick p>ticles2 s9ce h>dly any "p w /ick on a %>p po9t2 because he ?\ght t x 0 by ! adhesion ( p>ts ( ! load/one 7z x 71 hairs7 t ! influ5ce is imp>t$ & cons]v$1 ?\gh ^? p>ticles are m]ely rubb$ (f by ! rubb+ ( ! iron ov] ! s(t] /one1 & ! iron none ! less po9ts t[>d ! ,nor? & ,s\?1 if aft] x is t\*$ x be sc\r$ ) s& or em]y p[d]1 or ) any o!r mat]ial1 ev5 if by long rubb+ ( ?is k9d ! ext]nal p>ts ( x are less5$ & worn away4 ,:5 a ne$le is be+ rubb$1 "o %\ld always leave (f at ! end2 o!rwise1 if x is rubb$ on ! load/one f ! po9t t[>d ! middle1 less v]ticity is excit$ 9 ! iron1 sometimes none at all1 or v little4 ,= :]e ! la/ contact is1 !re is ! pole & goal ( v]ticity4 ,9 ord] t a /rong] v]ticity may be produc$ 9 ! iron by rubb+ on ! load/one1 "o 99 ought 9 nor!rn l&s to turn ! true nor!rn pole ( ! load/one t[>d ! highe/ "p ( ! sky2 on ?is pole t end ( ! ne$le is go+ to be rubb$1 :i* %all aft]w>ds turn t[>d ! nor? ( ! e>?2 :il/ x w be an advantage = ! o!r end ( ! ne$le to be rubb$ on ! s\!rn pole ( ! t]rella turn$ t[>d ! e>?1 & ?is be+ s excit$ w incl9e t[>d ! s\?4 ,9 s\!rn regions beyond ! quator ! plan is j ! contr>y4 ,! reason ( ?is dissimil>ity is demon/rat$1 ,book ,,ii41 *ap1 xxxiv41 9 :i* x is %[n 7by a manife/ comb9ation ( a t]rella & ! e>?7 :y ! poles ( a load/one1 = diff]5t reasons1 are "o /rong] ?an ! o!r4 ,if a ne$le be t\*$ betwe5 ! mutually accordant 99 poles ( two load/ones1 equal 9 p[]1 %ape1 & mass1 no /r5g? #aej ,illu/ration is acquir$ by ! ne$le4 ,a & ,b are two load/ones attract+ "o ano!r1 accord+ to nature1 at _! dissimil> ends2 ,c1 ! 99 po9t ( a ne$le t\*$ by bo? at once1 is n excit$ 7ev5 if ^? load/ones be connect$ accord+ to nature71 if !y are equal2 b if !y are n equal1 virtue is acquir$ f ! /rong]4 ,:5 a ne$le is be+ excit$ by a load/one1 beg9 9 ! middle1 & draw ! ne$le t[>d its end2 at ! end let ! application be cont9u$ ) a v g5tle rubb+ ar\nd ! end = "s "t2 t is to say1 = "o or two m9utes2 d n repeat ! motion f ! middle to ! end 7z is frequ5tly done7 = 9 ?is way ! v]ticity is injur$4 ,"s delay is desirable1 = al?\gh ! p[] is imp>t$ in/antly1 & ! iron excit$1 yet f ! vic9ity ( ! load/one & a suitable delay1 a m /eady v]ticity arises1 & "o t is m firmly durable 9 ! iron4 ,al?\gh an arm$ /one raises a great] weight ( iron ?an an un>m$ "o1 yet a ne$le is n m /rongly excit$ by an arm$ /one ?an by an un>m$ "o4 ,let !re be two iron wires ( ! same l5g?1 wr\ght f ! same wire2 let "o be excit$ by an arm$ end1 ! o!r by an un>m$ end2 x is manife/ t ! same ne$les h a beg9n+ ( motion or a s5sible incl9ation at equal di/ances f ! same arm$ & un>m$ load/one2 ?is is asc]ta9$ by measur+ ) a longi% re$4 ,b objects :i* are m p[]fully excit$ move m quickly2 ^? :i* are less p[]fully excit$1 m feebly1 & n unless br\ght r close2 ! exp]im5t is made on wat] ) equal corks4 99 99 99 99 99 #aea ,illu/ration ,,book ,,f\r?4 ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,,on ,,v>iation4 ,direction has hi!rto be5 spok5 ( z if 9 nature !re 7 no v>iation2 = 9 ! prec$+ natural hi/ory we wi%$ to omit & neglect ?is1 inasmu* z 9 a t]re/rial globe1 p]fect & 9 e s5se complete1 !re w\ld be none4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 9 fact1 ! e>?'s magnetick direction1 ow+ to "s fault & slip1 deviates f its "r c\rse & f ! m]idian1 we mu/ extract & demon/rate ! obscure & hidd5 cause ( t v>iance :i* has tr\bl$ & sore rack$ 9 va9 ! m9ds ( _m4 ,^? :o be=e u h writt5 on ! magnetick movem5ts h made no di/9ction betwe5 direction & v>iation1 b consid] ! motion ( magnetick iron to be uni=m & simple4 ,n[ true direction is ! motion ( ! magnetick body to ! true m]idian & its cont9uance !re9 ) its appropriate ends t[>ds ! poles4 ,b x v (t5 happ5s at sea & on l& t ! magnetick iron does n po9t to ! true pole1 & t n only a v]sorium & magnetick pieces ( iron1 & ! ne$le ( a compass1 or a m>9]s' compass1 b also a t]rella 9 its boat1 z well z 99 iron ore1 iron /ones1 & magnetick e>?s1 prop]ly prep>$1 are drawn aside & deviate t[>ds "s po9t ( ! ,horizon v ne> to ! m]idian4 ,= !y ) _! poles frequ5tly face t]m9i away f ! m]idian4 ,?is v>iation #aeb 7obs]v$ by means ( in/rum5ts or a nautical v>iation compass7 is !re=e ! arc ( ! horizon betwe5 ! common po9t ( int]secion ( x ) ! true m]idian1 & ! t]m9us ( ! deflecion on ! horizon or projection ( ! deviat+ ne$le4 ,t arc v>ies & diff]s ) *ange ( locality4 ,to ! t]m9us ( ! v>iation is commonly assign$ a great circle1 call$ ! circle ( v>iation1 & also a magnetick m]idian pass+ ?r\gh ! z5i? & ! po9t ( v>iation on ! horizon4 ,9 ! nor!rn regions ( ! e>? ?is v>iation is ei!r f ! nor? t[>d ! ea/ or f ! nor? t[>d ! we/3 simil>ly 9 ! s\!rn regions x is f ! s\? t[>d ! ea/ or t[>d ! we/4 ,:]e=e "o %\ld obs]ve 9 ! nor!rn regions ( ! e>? 99 t end ( ! v]sorium or compass :i* turns t[>d ! ,nor?2 b 9 ! s\!rn regions ! o!r end look+ to ! s\?--:i* seam5 & scioli/s = ! mo/ "p d n und]/&1 = 9 bo? regions !y obs]ve only ! boreal lily ( ! compass 7t :i* faces ,nor?74 ,we h be=e said t all ! motions ( ! magnet & iron1 all its turn+1 its incl9ation1 & its settlem5t1 proce$ f bodies !mselves magnetical & f _! common "m ! e>?1 :i* is ! s\rce1 ! propagatrix1 & ! orig9 ( all ^! qualities & prop]ties4 ,accord+ly ! e>? is ! cause ( ?is v>iation & incl9ation t[>d a diff]5t po9t ( ! horizon3 b h[ & by :at p[]s mu/ be m fully inve/igat$4 ,& "h we mu/ at ! outset reject t common op9ion ( rec5t writ]s conc]n+ magnetick m\nta9s1 or any magnetick rock1 or any phantasmal pole di/ant f ! pole ( ! e>?1 by :i* ! motion ( ! compass or v]sorium is controll$4 ,?is op9ion1 previ\sly inv5t$ by o!rs1 ,fraca/orio himself adopt$ & develop$2 b x is entirely at v>iance ) exp]i5ce4 ,= 9 t case 9 diff]5t places at sea & on l& ! po9t ( v>iation w\ld *ange t[>d ! ea/ or we/ 9 proportion & geometrical symmetry1 & ! v]sorium w\ld always respect ! magnetick pole3 b exp]i5ce tea*es t !re is no su* def9ite pole or fix$ t]m9us on ! e>? to acc\nt = ! v>iation4 ,= ! arcs ( 99 v>iation are *ang$ v>i\sly & erratically1 n only on diff]5t m]idians b on ! same m]idian2 & :51 accord+ to ?is op9ion ( ! mod]ns1 ! deviation %\ld be m & m t[>d ! ea/1 !n sudd5ly1 ) a small *ange ( locality1 ! deviation is f ! nor? t[>d ! we/ z 9 ! nor!rn regions ne> ,nova ,zembla4 ,moreov]1 9 ! s\!rn regions1 & at sea at a great di/ance f ! quator t[>ds ! ant>ctick pole1 !re are frequ5t & great v>iations1 & n only 9 ! nor!rn regions1 f ! magnetick m\nta9s4 ,b ! cogitations ( o!rs are /ill m va9 & trifl+1 su* z t ( ,cortes ab\t a mov+ influ5ce beyond all ! heav5s2 t ( #aec ,m>silius ,fic9us ab\t a /> 9 ! ,be>2 t ( ,pet] ,p]egr9us ab\t ! pole ( ! _w2 t ( ,c>dan1 :o d]ives x f ! ris+ ( a /> 9 ! tail ( ! ,be>#bah2 ( ,bess>dus1 ! ,fr5*man1 f ! pole ( ! ,zodiack2 t ( ,livio ,sanuto f "s magnetick m]idian2 t ( ,franciscus ,maurolycus f a magnetical isl&2 t ( ,scalig] f ! heav5s & m\nta9s2 t ( ,rob]t ,norman1 ! ,engli%man1 f a po9t respective4 ,leav+ !re=e ^! op9ions1 :i* are at v>iance ) common exp]i5ce or by no means prov$1 let u seek ! true cause ( ! v>iation4 ,! great magnet or t]re/rial globe directs iron 7z ,i h said7 t[>d ! nor? & s\?2 & excit$ iron quickly settles itself t[>d ^? t]m9i4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 ! globe ( ! e>? is defective & unev5 on its surface & m>r$ by its div]se composition1 & s9ce x has p>ts v high & convex 7to ! height ( "s miles71 & ^? uni=m nei!r 9 composition nor body1 b opposite & dissimil>3 x comes to pass t ! :ole ( t =ce ( ! e>? div]ts magnetical bodies 9 its p]iph]y t[>d ! /rong] & m prom95t connect$ magnetick p>ts4 ,h5ce on ! out]mo/ surface ( ! e>? magnetical bodies are slightly p]v]t$ f ! true m]idian4 ,moreov]1 s9ce ! surface ( ! globe is divid$ into high l&s & deep seas1 into great cont95tal l&s1 into ocean & va/e/ seas1 & s9ce ! =ce ( all magnetical motions is d]iv$ f ! con/ant & magnetick t]re/rial nature :i* is m preval5t on ! great] cont95t & n 9 ! aquous or fluid or un/able "p2 #bai;x foll[s t 9 c]ta9 p>ts !re w\ld be a magnetick incl9ation f ! true pole ea/ or we/ away f any m]idian 7:e!r pass+ ?r\gh seas or isl&s7 t[>d a great l& or cont95t ris+ high]1 t is1 obvi\sly t[>d a /rong] & m elevat$ magnetick "p ( ! t]re/rial globe4 ,= s9ce ! diamet] ( ! e>? is m ?an #a1gjj ,g]man miles1 ^? l>ge l&s c rise f ! c5tre ( ! e>? m ?an f\r miles above ! dep? ( ! ocean bottom1 & yet ! e>? w reta9 ! =m ( a globe al?\gh some:at unev5 at ! top4 ,:]e=e a magnetical body is turn$ aside1 s f> z ! true v]ticity1 :5 di/urb$1 admits1 & dep>ts f its "r 7! :ole e>? mov+ x7 t[>d a va/ prom95t mass ( l& z ?\gh t[>d :at is /rong]4 ,b ! v>iation does really take place1 n s mu* because ( ! m prom95t & imp]fect t]re/rial p>ts & cont95t l&s z because ( ! 9quality ( ! magnetick globe1 & because ( ! real e>?1 :i* /&s out m "u ! cont95t l&s ?an "u ! dep?s ( ! seas4 ,we mu/ see1 !re=e1 h[ ! apodixis ( ?is !ory c be su/a9$ by m def9ite obs]vations4 ,s9ce ?r\gh\t all ! c\rse f ! coa/ ( ,gu9ea to ,cape ,v]de1 ! ,can>y ,isles1 & ! bord] ( ! k+dom ( ,morocco1 & #aed !nce along ! coa/s ( ,spa91 ,france1 ,engl&1 ,belgium1 ,g]many1 ,d5m>k1 & ,norway1 !re lie on ! "r h& & t[>d ! ea/ a cont95t & ext5sive connect$ regions1 & on ! left ext5sive seas & a va/ ocean lie op5 f> & wide1 x is consonant ) ! !ory 7z has be5 c>efully obs]v$ by _m7 t magnetical bodies %\ld turn slightly to ! ,ea/ f ! true pole t[>d ! /rong] & m rem>kable elevations ( ! e>?4 ,b x is f> o!rwise on ! ea/]n %ores ( nor!rn ,am]ica2 = f ,florida by ,virg9ia & ,norumbega to ,cape ,race & away to ! nor? ! v]sorium is turn$ t[>d ! we/4 ,b 9 ! middle spaces1 s to speak1 z 9 ! m we/]ly ,azores1 x looks t[>d ! true pole4 ,t any magnetick body turns itself simil>ly to ! same regions ( ! e>? is n1 h[ev]1 because ( t m]idian or because ( ! concordancy ( ! m]idian ) any magnetick pole1 z ! cr[d ( philosophiz]s reckon1 = x is n s ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( t m]idian4 ,= on ! same m]idian 99 ne> ,brazil some?+ v diff]5t occurs1 z we w %[ fur!r on4 ,! v>iation 7ct]is p>ibus7 is always less ne> ! quator1 great] 9 high] latitudes1 ) ! limitation t x be n v ne> ! pole itself4 ,h5ce ! v>iation is great] on ! coa/ ( 99 ,norway & ,belgium ?an on ! coa/ ( ,morocco or ,gu9ea3 great] also ne> ,cape ,race ?an 9 ! h>b\rs ( ,norumbega or ( ,virg9ia4 ,on ! coa/ ( ,gu9ea magnetick implem5ts deviate by a ?ird "p ( "o rumbe to ! ,ea/3 9 ,cape ,v]de ,isl&s by a half3 on ! coa/ ( ,morocco by two ?irds3 9 ,engl& at ! m\? ( ! ,?ames by a :ole rumbe3 & at ,london by ne>ly elev5 degrees & "o ?ird4 ,= inde$ ! mov+ magnetick virtue is /rong] 9 a high] latitude2 & ! l>g] regions ext5d+ t[>d ! poles dom9ate ! m1 z is easily app>5t any:]e on a t]rella4 ,= z 9 ! case ( true ,direction magnetick bodies t5d t[>d ! pole 7namely1 t[>d ! /rong] end1 ! :ole e>? caus+ ! motion71 s also d !y incl9e a little t[>d ! /rong] & high] p>ts by ! action ( ! :ole along ) ! conjo9t action ( iron bodies4 99 99 99 99 99 #aee ,,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,t ! v>iation is caus$ by ! 9quality ( ! project+ p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,demon/ration ( ?is may manife/ly be made ,illu/ration 99 by means ( a t]rella 9 ! foll[+ way3 let !re be a r\nd load/one some:at imp]fect 9 "s "p1 & impair$ by decay 7su* an "o we _h ) a c]ta9 "p corrod$ to resemble ! ,atlantick or great ,ocean73 place ^u x "s f9e iron wire ( ! l5g? ( two b>leycorns1 z 9 ! foll[+ figure4 ,a ,b1 a ,t]rella 9 c]ta9 p>ts some:at imp]fect & ( unqual virtue on ! circumf]5ce4 ,! v]soria ,e1 ,f1 d n v>y1 b look directly to ! pole ,a2 = !y are plac$ 9 ! middle ( ! firm & s\nd "p ( ! t]rella & some:at di/ant f ! imp]fect "p3 t "p ( ! surface :i* is di/+ui%$ by dots & transv]se l9es is ! weak]4 ,! v]sorium ,o also does n v>y 7because x is plac$ 9 ! middle ( ! imp]fect "p71 b is direct$ t[>d ! pole1 #aef j z ne> ! we/]n ,azores on ! e>?4 ,! v]soria ,h & ,l d v>y1 = !y incl9e t[>d ! s\nd] p>ts v ne> !m4 ,z ?is is manife/ 9 a t]rella ^: surface is s5sibly r imp]fect1 s also is x 9 o!rs :ole & p]fect1 :5 (t5 "o "p ( ! /one has /rong] ext]nal p>ts1 :i* nev]!less d n disclose !mselves manife/ly to ! s5ses4 ,9 su* a t]rella ! demon/ration ( ! v>iation & ! discov]y ( ! /rong] p>ts is on ?is wise4 ,illu/ration 99 ,let ,a be ! pole1 ,b ! place ( ! v>iation1 ,c ! /rong] regions2 !n ! horizontal v]sorium at ,b v>ies f ! pole ,a t[>d ,c3 s t bo? ! v>iation is %[n & ! /rong] places ( ! load/one recogniz$4 ,! /rong] surface is also f\nd by a f9e iron wire ( ! l5g? ( two b>leycorns3 = s9ce at ! pole ( ! t]rella x re>s up p]p5dicul>ly1 b 9 o!r places incl9es t[>d ! quator1 if 9 "o & ! same p>allel circle x %\ld be m erect 9 "o place ?an 9 ano!r2 :]e ! wire is rais$ m upright1 !re ! "p & surface ( ! t]rella is /rong]4 ,also :5 ! iron wire plac$ ov] ! pole incl9es m to "o "p ?an to ano!r4 ,illu/ration 99 #aeg ,let ! exp]im5t be made by means ( a f9e iron wire ( ?ree digits l5g? plac$ ov] ! pole ,a1 s t its middle lies ov] ! pole4 ,!n "o end is turn$ away f ,b t[>d ,c1 & is n will+ to lie quietly t[>d ,b2 b on a t]rella :i* is p]fect#bbj all r\nd & ev5 x re/s on ! pole direct$ t[>d any po9t ( ! quator y please4 ,o!rwise1 let !re be two 99 ,illu/ration m]idians meet+ 9 ! poles ,a ,b1 let iron wires be re>$ j at ! ends ,d & ,c ( ! equal arcs ,d ,a & ,c ,a2 !n ! wire at ,d 7! /rong] region7 w be m rais$ up ?an t at ,c1 ! weak]4 ,& ?us ! s\nd] & /rong] "p ( ! load/one is recogniz$1 :i* o!rwise w\ld n be p]ceiv$ by ! t\*4 ,9 a t]rella :i* is p]fect1 & ev51 & simil> 9 all its p>ts1 !re is1 at equal di/ances f ! pole1 no v>iation#bba4 ,v>iation is %[n by means ( a t]rella1 a consid]able "p ( :i*1 =m+ a surface a little high] ?an ! re/1 does1 al?\gh x be n decay$ & brok51 allure ! v]sorium f ! true 99 direction 7! :ole t]rella co-op]at+74 ,a t]rella unev5 9 surface4 ,illu/ration #aeh ,x is %[n by a small spike plac$ ov] a t]rella or by a small v]sorium2 = !y are turn$ by ! t]rella t[>d ! mass t /&s out & t[>d ! l>ge em95ces4 ,9 ! same way on ! e>? ! v]ticity is p]turb$ by great cont95ts1 :i* are mo/ly elevat$ above ! dep?s ( ! seas & make ! v]sorium deviate sometimes f ! "r tracks 7t is1 f ! true m]idians74 ,on a t]rella x is ?us demon/rat$3 ! end ( ! v]sorium ,a is n direct$ /raight to ! pole ,p1 if !re be a l>ge protub]ance ,b on ! t]rella2 s also ! cusp ,c deviates f ! pole because ( ! em95ce ,f4 ,9 ! middle betwe5 ! two em95ces ! v]sorium ,g collimates to ! true pole because1 be+ at equal di/ances f ! two em95ces ,b & ,f1 x turns aside to nei!r1 b obs]ves ! true m]idian1 especially :5 ! protub]ances are ( equal vig\r4 ,b ! v]sorium ,n on ! o!r side v>ies f ! pole ,m t[>d ! em95ces ,h1 & is n held back1 /opp$1 or re/ra9$ by ! small em95ce ,o on ! t]rella 7z x 71 "s isl& ( l& 9 ! ocean74 ,l1 h[ev]1 be+ unimp$$1 is direct$ to ! pole ,m4 ,! v>iation is demon/rat$ 9 ano!r way on a t]rella1 j z on ! e>?4 ,let ,a be ! pole ( ! e>?1 ,b ! equator1 ,c ! p>allel circle ( latitude ( #cj degrees1 ,d a great em95ce spread out t[>d ! pole1 ,e ano!r em95ce spread out f ! pole t[>d ! quator4 ,x is manife/ t 9 ! middle ( ,d ! v]sorium ,f #aei does n v>y2 :ile ,g is v greatly deflect$3 b ,h v little1 because x is fur!r remov$ f ,d4 ,simil>ly also ! v]sorium ,i plac$ directly t[>d ,e does n deviate f ! pole3 b ,l & ,m turn !mselves away f ! pole ,a t[>d ! em95ce ,e4 ,illu/ration 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,iii4 ,! v>iation 9 any "o place is con/ant4 ,illu/ration ,vnless !re %\ld be a great dissolution ( a cont95t & a subsid5ce ( ! l& su* z !re 0 ( ! region ,atlantis ( :i* ,plato & ! anci5ts tell1 ! v>iation w cont9ue p]petually immutable2 ! arc ( ! v>iation rema9s ! same 9 ! same place or region1 :e!r x be at sea or on l&1 z 9 times pa/ a magnetick body has decl9$ t[>d ! ,ea/ or ! ,we/4 ,! con/ancy ( ! v>iation & ! po9t+ ( ! v]sorium to a def9ite po9t on ! horizon 9 individual regions is demon/rat$ by a small v]sorium plac$ ov] a t]rella ! surface ( :i* is unev53 = x always deviates f ! m]idian by an equal arc4 ,x is also %[n by ! incl9ation ( a v]sorium t[>d a second magnet2 al?\gh 9 reality x is by ! turn+ p[] ( ! :ole1 :e!r 9 ! e>? or 9 a t]rella4 ,place ^u a plane a v]sorium ^: cusp is direct$ t[>d ! nor? ,a3 place beside x a load/one1 ,b1 at su* a di/ance t ! v]sorium may turn aside t[>d ,b to ! po9t ,c1 & n beyond4 ,!n move ! ne$le ( ! v]sorium z (t5 z y w 7! box & ! load/one n be+ mov$71 & x w c]ta9ly always return to ! po9t ,c4 ,9 ! same mann]1 if y #afj plac$ ! /one s t x may be truly direct$ t[>d ,e1 ! cusp always rev]ts to ,e1 & n to any o!r po9t ( ! compass4 ,accord+ly1 f ! position ( ! l& & f ! di/9ctive nature ( ! highe/ p>ts ( ! e>? 7c]ta9 t]r5e & m magnetick em95ces ( ! regions prevail+71 ! v>iation inde$ becomes def9ite 9 "o & ! same place1 b div]se & unqual f a *ange ( place1 s9ce ! true & pol> direction orig9at+ 9 ! :ole t]re/rial globe is div]t$ some:at t[>d c]ta9 /rong] em95ces on ! brok5 surface4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,iiii4 ,! arc ( v>iation is n *ang$ equally 9 proportion to ! di/ance ( places4 ,9 ! op5 sea1 :5 a vessel is borne by a fav\rable w9d along ! same p>allel1 if ! v>iation be *ang$ by "o degree 9 ! c\rse ( "o hundr$ miles1 ! next hundr$ miles d n !re=e less5 x by ano!r degree2 = ! magnetick ne$le v>ies erratically z respects position1 =m1 & vig\r ( ! l&1 & also because ( ! di/ance4 ,z1 = example1 :5 a c\rse f ! ,scilly ,isles to ,newf\ndl& has proce$$ s f> t ! compass is direct$ to ! true pole1 !n1 z ! vessel proce$s1 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! c\rse ! v>iation increases t[>d ! nor?-we/#bbb1 b r indi/9ctly & ) small diff]5ce3 !nce1 aft] an equal di/ance1 ! arc is increas$ 9 a great] proportion until ! vessel is n f> f ! cont95t3 = !n x v>ies mo/ ( all4 ,b be=e x t\*es actual l& or ent]s port1 !n at a c]ta9 di/ance ! arc is aga9 slightly dim9i%$4 ,b if ! vessel 9 its c\rse %\ld decl9e greatly f t p>allel ei!r t[>d ! s\? or ! nor?1 ! magnetick ne$le w v>y m or less1 accord+ to ! position ( ! l& & ! latitude 99 ( ! region4 ,= 7ct]is p>ibus7 ! great] ! latitude ! great] ! v>iation4 99 99 99 99 99 #afa ,,*ap4 ,v4 ,an isl& 9 ,ocean does n *ange ! v>iation#bbc1 z nei!r d m9es ( load/one4 ,isl&s1 al?\gh !y be m magnetick ?an ! sea1 yet d n *ange ! magnetick directions or v>iations4 ,= s9ce direction is a motion d]iv$ f ! p[] ( ! :ole e>?1 n f ! attraction ( any hill b f ! dispos+ & turn+ p[] ( ! :ole2 s v>iation 7:i* is a p]turbation ( ! direction7 is an ab]ration ( ! real turn+ p[] aris+ f ! great inequalities ( ! e>?1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* x1 ( itself1 slightly div]ts movable magneticks t[>d ^? :i* are ! l>ge/ & ! m p[]ful4 ,! cause n[ %[n may suffice to expla9 t :i* "s s wond] at ab\t ! ,isl& ( ,elba 7& al?\gh ?is is productive ( load/one1 yet ! v]sorium 7or m>9]s' compass7 makes no special incl9ation t[>d x :5ev] vessels approa* x 9 ! ,tyrrh5ian sea72 & ! foll[+ causes are also to be consid]$1 viz43 t ! virtue ( small] magnetick bodies ext5ds sc>cely or n at all ( itself beyond _! own m9es3 = v>iation does n occur because ( attraction1 z !y w\ld h x :o h imag9$ magnetick poles4 ,besides1 magnetick m9es are only agnate to ! true e>?1 n innate3 h5ce ! :ole globe does n reg>d !m1 & magneticks are n borne to !m1 z is demon/rat$ by ! diagram ( em95ces4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,vi4 ,t v>iation & direction arise f ! dispon5t p[] ( ! e>?1 & f ! natural magnetick t5d5cy to rotation1 n f attraction1 or f coition1 or f o!r occult cause4 ,ow+ to ! load/one be+ suppos$ 7among/ ! cr[d ( philosophiz]s7 to seize & drag1 z x 71 magnetick bodies2 & s9ce1 9 tru?1 scioli/s h rem>k$ no o!r =ces ?an ^? s (t besung ( attractive ones1 !y !re=e deem e motion t[>d ! nor? & s\? to be caus$ by "s allur+ & invit+ quality4 ,b ! ,engli%man1 #afb ,rob]t ,norman1 fir/ /rove to %[ t x is n caus$ by attraction3 :]e=e1 z if t5d+ t[>d hidd5 pr9ciples1 he imag9$ a po9t respective#bbd1 t[>d :i* ! iron t\*$ by a load/one w\ld ev] turn1 n a po9t attractive2 b 9 ?is he err$ greatly1 al?\gh he effac$ ! =m] error ab\t attraction4 ,he1 h[ev]1 demon/rates 8 op9ion 9 ?is way3 ,illu/ration ,let !re be a r\nd vessel fill$ ) wat]3 9 ! middle ( ! surface ( ! wat] place a sl5d] iron wire on a p]fectly r\nd cork1 s t x may j float 9 quilibrium on ! wat]2 let ! wire be previ\sly t\*$ by a magnet1 s t x may m readily %[ ! po9t ( v>iation1 ! po9t ,d z x 73 & let x rema9 on ! surface = "s "t4 ,x is demon/rable t ! wire toge!r ) ! cork is n mov$ to ! side ,d ( ! vessel3 :i* x w\ld d if an attraction came to ! iron wire by ,d3 & ! cork w\ld be mov$ out ( its place4 ,?is ass]tion ( ! ,engli%man1 ,rob]t ,norman1 is plausible & appe>s to d away ) attraction because ! iron rema9s on ! wat] n mov+ ab\t1 z well 9 a direction t[>d ! pole itself 7if ! direction be true7 z 9 a v>iation or alt]$ direction2 & x is mov$ ab\t its own c5tre )\t any transf]5ce to ! edge ( ! vessel4 ,b direction does n arise f attraction1 b f ! dispos+ & turn+ p[] :i* exi/s 9 ! :ole e>?1 n 9 ! pole or 9 "s o!r attract+ "p ( ! /one1 or 9 any mass ris+ above ! p]iph]y ( ! true circle s t a ,illu/ration v>iation %\ld occur because ( ! attraction ( t mass4 ,moreov]1 x is ! direct+ p[] ( ! load/one & iron & its natural p[] ( turn+ ar\nd ! c5tre :i* cause ! motion ( direction1 & ( con=mation1 9 :i* is includ$ also ! motion ( ! dip4 ,& ! t]re/rial pole does n attract z if ! t]r5e =ce 7 implant$ only 9 ! pole1 = ! magnetick =ce exi/s 9 ! :ole1 al?\gh x pr$om9ates & excels at ! pole4 ,:]e=e t ! cork %\ld re/ quiesc5t 9 ! middle & t ! iron excit$ by a load/one %\ld n be mov$ t[>d ! side ( ! vessel are agreeable to & 9 con=mity #afc ) ! magnetick nature1 z is demon/rat$ by a t]rella3 = an iron spike plac$ on ! /one at ,c cl+s on at ,c1 & is n pull$ 99 fur!r away by ! pole ,a1 or by ! p>ts ne> ! pole3 h5ce x p]si/s at ,d1 & takes a direction t[>d ! pole ,a2 nev]!less x cl+s on at ,d & dips also at ,d 9 virtue ( t turn+ p[] by :i* x con=ms itself to ! t]rella3 ( :i* we w say m 9 ! "p ,on ,decl9ation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,vii4 ,:y ! v>iation f t lat]al cause is n great] ?an has hi!rto be5 obs]v$1 hav+ be5 r>ely se5 to rea* two po9ts ( ! m>9]s' compass1 except ne> ! pole4 ,! e>?1 by reason ( lat]al em95ces ( ! /rong] globe1 div]ts iron & load/one by "s degrees f ! true pole1 or true m]idian4 ,z1 = example1 ) u ,engli% at ,london x v>ies elev5 degrees & #a_/c3 9 "s o!r places ! v>iation is a little great]1 b 9 no o!r region is ! end ( ! iron ev] mov$ aside v mu* m f ! m]idian4 ,= z ! iron is always direct$ by ! true v]ticity ( ! e>?1 s ! pol> nature ( ! cont95t l& 7j z ( ! :ole t]r5e globe7 acts t[>d ! poles3 & ev5 if t mass div]t magnetick bodies f ! m]idian1 yet ! v]ticity ( ^? l&s 7z also ( ! :ole e>?7 controls & disposes !m s t !y d n turn t[>d ! ,ea/ by any great] arc4 ,b x is n easy to det]m9e by any g5]al me?od h[ great ! arc ( v>iation is 9 all places1 & h[ _m degrees & m9utes x subt5ds on ! horizon1 s9ce x becomes great] or less #afd f div]se causes4 ,= bo? ! /r5g? ( true v]ticity ( ! place & ( ! elevat$ regions1 z well z _! di/ances f ! giv5 place & f ! poles ( ! _w1 mu/ be consid]$ & comp>$2 :i* inde$ _c be done exactly3 nev]!less by our me?od ! v>iation becomes s kn[n t no grave error w p]turb ! c\rse at sea4 ,if ! positions ( ! l&s 7 uni=m & /raight along m]idians1 & n defective & rugg$1 ! v>iations ne> l&s w\ld be simple2 su* z appe> 9 ! foll[+ figure4 ,illu/ration ,?is is demon/rat$ by a long load/one ! poles ( :i* are 9 ! ends ,a ,b2 let ,c ,d be ! middle l9e & ! qu9octial1 & let ,g ,h & ,e ,f 7! l9es7 be = m]idians on :i* v]soria are dispos$1 ! v>iations ( :i* are great] at a great] di/ance f ! quator4 ,b ! inequalities ( ! m>itime p>ts ( ! habitable e>?1 ! enorm\s promontories1 ! v wide gulfs1 ! m\nta9\s & m elevat$ regions1 r5d] ! v>iations m unequal1 or sudd51 or m obscure2 &1 moreov]1 less c]ta9 & m incon/ant 9 ! high] latitude4 99 99 99 99 99 #afe ,,*ap4 ,,viii4 ,on ! con/ruction ( ! common m>9]s' compass#bbe1 & on ! div]sity ( ! compasses ( diff]5t nations4 ,9 a r\nd#bbf holl[ wood5 b[l1 all ! upp] "p ( :i* is clos$ ) glass1 a v]sorium is plac$ ^u a r long p9 :i* is fix$ 9 ! middle4 ,! cov]+ prev5ts ! w9d1 & ! motion ( air f any ext]nal cause4 ,?r\gh ! glass ev]y?+ )9 c be disc]n$4 ,! v]sorium is circul>1 consi/+ ( "s light mat]ial 7z c>d71 to ! "u "p ( :i* ! magnetick pieces ( iron are atta*$4 ,on ! upp] "p #cb spaces 7:i* are commonly call$ po9ts7 are assign$ to ! same numb] ( ma!matical int]vals 9 ! horizon or w9ds :i* are di/+ui%$ by c]ta9 m>ks & by a lily indicat+ ! nor?4 ,! b[l is susp5d$ 9 ! plane ( ! horizon 9 quilibrium 9 a brass r+ :i* also is itself susp5d$ transv]sely 9 ano!r r+ )9 a box suffici5tly wide ) a lead5 weight atta*$2 h5ce x con=ms to ! plane ( ! horizon ev5 ?\gh ! %ip be toss$ to & fro by ! waves4 ,! iron works are ei!r a pair ) _! ends unit$1 or else a s+le "o ( a ne>ly oval %ape ) project+ ends1 :i* does its "w m c]ta9ly & m quickly4 ,?is is to be fitt$ to ! c>dbo>d circle s t ! c5tre ( ! circle may be 9 ! middle ( ! magnetick iron4 ,b inasmu* z v>iation arises horizontally f ! po9t ( ! m]idian :i* cuts ! horizon at "r angles1 !re=e on acc\nt ( ! v>iation ! mak]s 9 diff]5t regions & cities m>k out ! m>9]s' compass 9 diff]5t ways1 & also atta* 9 diff]5t ways ! magnetick ne$les to ! c>dbo>d circle on :i* are plac$ ! #cb divisions or po9ts4 ,h5ce !re are commonly 9 ,europe #d diff]5t con/ructions & =ms4 ,fir/ t ( ! ,/ates on ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 ,sicily1 ,g5oa1 & ! ,republick ( ,v5ice4 ,9 all ^! ! ne$les are atta*$ "u ! rose or lily on ! c>dbo>d v]sorium1 s t 7:]e !re is no v>iation7 !y are direct$ to ! true nor? & s\? po9ts4 ,:]e=e ! nor? "p m>k$ ) ! lily always %[s exactly ! po9t ( v>iation :5 ! apex itself ( ! lily on ! movable circle1 toge!r ) ! ends ( ! magnetick wires atta*$ bel[1 re/s at ! po9t ( v>iation4 ,yet ano!r is t ( ,dantzig1 & ?r\gh\t ! ,baltic ,sea1 & ! ,belgian prov9ces2 #aff 9 :i* ! iron works fix$ bel[ ! circle div]ge f ! lily ( a rumbe to ! ea/4 ,= navigation to ,russia ! div]g5cy is #b_/c4 ,b ! compasses :i* are made at ,seville1 ,lisbon1 ,ro*elle1 ,bordeaux1 ,r\51 & ?r\gh\t all ,engl& h an int]val ( a rumbe4 ,f ^? diff]5ces mo/ s]i\s errors h aris5 9 navigation1 & 9 ! m>9e sci5ce4 ,= z soon z ! be>+s ( m>itime places 7su* z promontories1 hav5s1 isl&s7 h be5 fir/ f\nd by ! aid ( ! m>9]s' compass1 & ! times ( sea-tide or high wat] det]m9$ f ! position ( ! moon ov] ?is or t po9t 7z !y say7 ( ! compass1 x mu/ be fur!r inquir$ 9 :at region or accord+ to ! cu/om ( :at region t compass 0 made by :i* ! be>+s ( ^? places & ! times ( ! sea-tides 7 fir/ obs]v$ & discov]$4 ,= "o :o %\ld use ! ,briti% compass & %\ld foll[ ! directions ( ! m>9e *>ts ( ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea w\ld necess>ily w&] v mu* out ( ! /raight c\rse4 ,s also he t %\ld use ! ,italian compass 9 ! ,briti%1 ,g]man1 or ,baltic ,sea1 toge!r ) m>9e *>ts t are made use ( 9 ^? p>ts1 w (t5 /ray f ! "r way4 ,^! diff]5t con/ructions h be5 made on acc\nt ( ! dissimil> v>iations1 s t !y might avoid some:at s]i\s errors 9 ^? p>ts ( ! _w4 ,b ,p$ro ,nuez seeks ! m]idian by ! m>9]s' compass1 or v]sorium 7:i* ! ,spani% call ! ne$le71 )\t tak+ acc\nt ( ! v>iation3 & he adduces _m geometrical demon/rations :i* 7because ( 8 slight use & exp]i5ce 9 matt]s magnetical7 re/ on utt]ly vici\s f\ndations4 ,9 ! same mann] ,p$ro de ,m$9a1 s9ce he did n admit v>iation1 has disfigur$ 8 ,arte de ,naveg> ) _m errors4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,ix4 ,:e!r ! t]re/rial longitude c be f\nd f ! v>iation4 ,grateful w\ld be ?is "w to seam51 & w\ld br+ ! greate/ advance to ,geography4 ,b ,b4 ,porta 9 *ap4 #ch ( book #g is mock$ by a va9 hope & fruitless op9ion4 ,= :5 he supposes t ! magnetick ne$le w\ld foll[ ord] & proportion 9 mov+ along m]idians1 s t ! ne]] x is to ! ea/1 ! m x w decl9e f ! ,m]idian l9e1 t[>d ! ea/2 & ! ne]] x comes to ! we/1 ! #afg po9t ( ! ne$le w decl9e ! m to ! we/ 7:i* is totally untrue71 he ?9ks t he has discov]$ a true index ( longitude4 ,b he is mi/ak54 ,nev]!less1 admitt+ & assum+ ^! ?+s 7z ?\gh !y 7 p]fectly true71 he makes a l>ge compass indicat+ degrees & m9utes1 by :i* ^! proportional *anges ( ! v]sorium might be obs]v$4 ,b ^? v pr9ciples are false1 & ill conceiv$1 & v ill consid]$2 = ! v]sorium does n turn m to ! ea/ because a j\rney is made t[>d ! ea/3 & al?\gh ! v>iation 9 ! m we/]ly p>ts ( ,europe & ! adjo9+ ocean is to ! ea/ & beyond ! ,azores is *ang$ a little to ! we/1 yet ! v>iation is1 9 v>i\s ways1 always unc]ta91 bo? on acc\nt ( longitude & ( latitude1 & because ( ! approa* t[>d ext5sive tracts ( l&1 & also because ( ! =m ( ! dom9ant t]re/rial em95ces2 nor does x1 z we h be=e demon/rat$1 foll[ ! rule ( any p>ticul> m]idian4 ,x is ) ! same vanity also t ,livio ,sanuto s greatly torm5ts himself & 8 read]s4 ,z = ! fact t ! cr[d ( philosophiz]s & sailors suppose t ! m]idian pass+ ?r\gh ! ,azores m>ks ! limits ( v>iation1 s t on ! o!r & opposite side ( t m]idian a magnetick body necess>ily respects ! poles exactly1 :i* is also ! op9ion ( ,joannes ,bapti/a ,b5$ictus & ( _m o!r writ]s on navigation1 x is by no means true4 ,/ev9us 7on ! au?ority ( ,hugo ,grotius7 9 8 ,hav5f9d+ ,art di/+ui%es ! v>iation accord+ to ! m]idians3 ,x may be se5e 9 ! ,table ( v>iations1 t 9 ,coruo ! ,magneticall ne$le po9te? due ,nor?3 b aft] t1 ! m a man %al goe t[>ds ! ,ea/1 s mu* ! m also %all he see ! ne$le v>ie t[>ds ! ,ea/ ,greek3 anatolize91 till he come "o mile to ! ,ea/w>d f ,plim\?1 :]e ! v>iation comm+ to ! greate/ is #ac degr4 #bd m94 ,f h5ce ! ,nor!a/+ ,anatolismus beg9ne? to decrease1 til y come to ,helm%ude 7:i* place is ,we/w>d f ! ,nor? ,cape ( ,f9m>k7 :]e aga9e ! ne$le po9te? due ,nor?4 ,n[ ! longitude f ,coruo to ,helm%ude is #fj degr4 ,:i* ?+s be+ well weigh$1 x appe>e? t ! greate/ v>iation ,*alyboclysis #ac degr4 #bd m9utes at ,plimm\? 7! longitude :]e( is #cj degr47 is 9 ! mid/ betwe5e ! places :]e ! ne$le po9te? due ,nor?4 ,b al?\gh ?is is 9 "s "p true 9 ^! places1 yet x is by no means true t along ! :ole ( ! m]idian ( ! isl& ( ,corvo ! v]sorium looks truly to ! nor?2 nor on ! m]idian ( ,plym\? is ! v>iation 9 o!r places #ac deg4 #bd m94--nor aga9 9 o!r p>ts ( ! m]idian ( ,helm%uda does x po9t to ! true pole4 ,= on ! m]idian pass+ ?r\gh ,plym\? 9 ,latitude #fj degrees ! ,nor?-ea/]ly v>iation is great]3 9 ,latitude #dj deg4 mu* less2 9 ,latitude #bj deg4 v small inde$4 ,on ! m]idian ( ,corvo1 al?\gh !re is no v>iation ne> ! #afh isl&1 yet 9 ,latitude #ee degrees ! v>iation is ab\t a rumbe to ! ,nor?-we/2 9 ,latitude #bj deg4 ! v]sorium incl9es ( a rumbe t[>d ! ,ea/4 ,consequ5tly ! limits ( v>iation are n conv5i5tly det]m9$ by means ( great circles & m]idians1 & mu* less are ! ratios ( ! increm5t or decrem5t t[>d any "p ( ! heav5s prop]ly inve/igat$ by !m4 ,:]e=e ! rules ( ! abatem5t or augm5tation ( ,nor!a/+ or ,nor?we/+1 or ( increas+ or decreas+ ! magnetick deviation1 c by no means be discov]$ by su* an artifice4 ,! rules :i* foll[ lat] = v>iation 9 s\!rn p>ts ( ! e>? inve/igat$ by ! same me?od are altoge!r va9 & absurd4 ,!y 7 put =? by c]ta9 ,portuguese m>9]s1 b !y d n agree ) ! obs]vations1 & ! obs]vations !mselves are admitt$ to be bad4 ,b ! me?od ( hav5-f9d+ 9 long & di/ant voyages by c>efully obs]v$ v>iation 7su* z 0 inv5t$ by ,/ev9us1 & m5tion$ by ,grotius7 is ( great mom5t1 if only prop] in/rum5ts are 9 read9ess1 by :i* ! magnetick deviation c be asc]ta9$ ) c]ta9ty at sea4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,x4 ,:y 9 v>i\s places ne> ! pole ! v>iations are mu* m ample ?an 9 a l[] latitude4 ,v>iations are (t5 slight1 & g5]ally null1 :5 ! v]sorium is at or ne> ! e>?'s quator4 ,9 a high] ,latitude ( #fj1 #gj or #hj deg4 !re are n seldom v wide v>iations4 ,! cause ( ?is is to be s\ght p>tly f ! nature ( ! e>? & p>tly f ! disposition ( ! v]sorium4 ,! e>? turns magnetick bodies & at ! quator directs !m /rongly t[>d ! pole3 #bbg;at ! poles !re is no direction1 b only a /rong coition ?r\gh ! congru5t poles4 ,direction is !re=e weak] ne> ! poles1 because by reason ( its own natural t5d5cy to turn1 ! v]sorium dips v mu*1 & is n /rongly direct$4 ,b s9ce ! =ce ( ^? elevat$ l&s is m vigor\s1 = ! virtue fl[s f ! :ole globe1 & s9ce also ! causes ( v>iation are ne>]1 !re=e ! v]sorium deflects ! m f its true direction t[>d ^? em95ces4 ,x mu/ also be kn[n t ! direction ( ! v]sorium on its p9 along ! plane ( ! ,horizon is mu* /rong] at ! quator ?an any:]e else by reason ( ! disposition ( ! #afi v]sorium2 & ?is direction falls (f ) an increase ( latitude4 ,= on ! quator ! v]sorium is1 foll[+ its natural prop]ty1 direct$ along ! plane ( ! horizon2 b 9 o!r places x is1 contr>y to its natural prop]ty1 compell$ into quilibrium1 & rema9s !re1 compell$ by "s ext]nal =ce3 because x w\ld1 accord+ to its natural prop]ty1 dip bel[ ! horizon 9 proportion to ! latitude1 z we %all demon/rate 9 ! book ,on ,decl9ation4 ,h5ce ! direction falls (f & at ! pole is itself no?+3 & = t reason a feebl] direction is easily vanqui%$ by ! /rong] causes ( v>iation1 & ne> ! pole ! v]sorium deflects ! m f ! m]idian4 ,x is demon/rat$ by means ( a t]rella3 if an iron wire ( two digits l5g? be plac$ on its quator1 x w be /rongly & rapidly direct$ t[>d ! poles along ! m]idian1 b m weakly s 9 ! mid-int]vals2 :ile ne> ! poles "o may disc]n a precipitate v>iation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xi4 ,c>dan's error :5 he seeks ! di/ance ( ! c5tre ( ! e>? f ! c5tre ( ! cosmos by ! motion ( ! /one ( ,h]cules2 9 8 book #e1 ,on ,proportions4 ,"o may v easily fall into mi/akes & errors :5 "o is se>*+ into ! hidd5 causes ( ?+s1 9 ! abs5ce ( real exp]im5ts1 & ?is is easily app>5t f ! crass error ( ,c>dan2 :o deems himself to h discov]$ ! di/ances ( ! c5tres ( ! cosmos & ( ! e>? ?r\gh a v>iation ( ! magnetick iron ( #i degrees4 ,= he reckon$ t ev]y:]e on ! e>? ! po9t ( v>iation on ! ,horizon is always di/ant n9e degrees f ! true nor?1 t[>d ! ea/3 & f !nce he =ms1 by a mo/ fooli% error1 8 demon/rative ratio ( ! sep>ate c5tres4 99 99 99 99 99 #agj ,,*ap4 ,,xii4 ,on ! f9d+ ( ! am\nt ( v>iation3 h[ great is ! arc ( ! ,horizon f its arctick or ant>ctick int]section ( ! m]idian1 to ! po9t respective ( ! magnetick ne$le4 ,virtually ! true m]idian is ! *ief f\ndation ( ! :ole matt]3 :5 t is accurately kn[n1 x w be easy by a m>9]s' compass 7if its con/ruction & ! mode ( atta*m5t ( ! magnetick iron works are kn[n7 or by "s o!r l>g] horizontal v]sorium to exhibit ! arc ( v>iation on ! ,horizon4 ,by means ( a suffici5tly l>ge nautical v>iation compass 7two equal altitudes ( ! sun be+ obs]v$ be=e & aft] midday71 ! v>iation becomes kn[n f ! %ad[2 ! altitude ( ! sun is obs]v$ ei!r by a /aff or by a r l>ge quadrant4 ,on l& ! v>iation is f\nd 9 ano!r way :i* is easi]1 & because ( ! l>g] size ( ! in/rum5t1 m accurate4 ,let a ?ick squ>$ bo>d be made ( "s suitable wood1 ! surface ( :i* is two feet 9 l5g? & sixte5 in*es 9 wid?3 describe ^u x "s semicircles z 9 ! foll[+ figure1 only m 9 numb]4 ,9 ! c5tre let a brass /yle be re>$ p]p5dicul>ly3 let !re be also a movable po9t] rea*+ f ! c5tre to ! outmo/ semicircle1 & a magnetick v]sorium 9 a cavity cov]$ ov] ) glass3 !n let ! bo>d be exactly adju/$ to ! level ( ! ,horizon by ! plane in/rum5t ) its p]p5dicul>2 & turn ! lily ( ! in/rum5t t[>d ! nor?1 s t ! v]sorium may re/ truly ov] ! middle l9e ( ! cavity1 :i* looks t[>d ! po9t ( v>iation on on ! ,horizon4 ,!n at "s conv5i5t h\r 9 ! morn+ 7eight or n9e = in/ance7 obs]ve ! apex ( ! %ad[ ?r[n by ! /yle :5 x rea*es ! ne>e/ semicircle & m>k ! place ( ! apex ( ?is %ad[ ) *alk or ink3 !n br+ r\nd ! movable index to t m>k1 & obs]ve ! degree on ! ,horizon numb]$ f ! lily1 :i* ! index %[s4 ,9 ! aft]noon see :5 ! end ( ! %ad[ %all aga9 rea* ! p]iph]y ( ! same semicircle1 &1 br++ ! index to ! apex ( ! %ad[1 seek = ! degree on ! o!r side ( ! lily4 ,f ! diff]5ce ( ! degrees becomes kn[n ,illu/ration #agb ! v>iation2 ! less be+ tak5 f ! great]1 half ! rema9d] is ! arc ( v>iation4 ,! v>iation is s\ght by _m o!r in/rum5ts & me?ods 9 conjunction ) a conv5i5t m>9]s' compass2 also by a globe1 by numb]s1 & by ! ratios ( triangles & s9es1 :5 ! latitude is kn[n & "o obs]vation is made ( ! sun's altitude3 b ^? ways & me?ods are ( less use1 = x is sup]flu\s to try to f9d 9 w9d+ & r\ndab\t ways :at c be m readily & z accurately f\nd 9 a %ort] "o4 ,= ! :ole art is 9 ! prop] use ( ! in/rum5ts by :i* ! sun's place is exp$iti\sly & quickly tak5 7s9ce x does n rema9 /ation>y1 b moves on73 = ei!r ! h& trembles or ! sight is dim1 or ! in/rum5t makes an error4 ,besides1 to obs]ve ! altitude on bo? sides ( ! m]idian is j z exp$iti\s z to obs]ve on "o side only & at ! same "t to f9d ! elevation ( ! pole4 ,& he :o c take "o altitude by ! in/rum5t c also take ano!r2 b if ! "o altitude be unc]ta91 !n all ! lab\r ) ! globe1 numb]s1 s9es & triangles is lo/2 nev]!less ^? ex]cises ( +5i\s ma!maticians are to be comm5d$4 ,x is easy = anyone1 if he /& on l&1 to le>n ! v>iation by accurate obs]vations & suitable in/rum5ts1 especially 9 a ne>ly upright sph]e2 b on ! sea1 on acc\nt ( ! motion & ! re/lessness ( ! wat]s1 exact exp]im5ts 9 degrees & m9utes _c be made3 & ) ! usual in/rum5ts sc>cely )9 ! ?ird or ev5 ! halt ( a rumbe1 especially 9 a high] latitude2 h5ce s _m false & bad records ( ! obs]vations ( navigators4 ,we h1 h[ev]1 tak5 c>e = ! f9d+ ( ! deviation by a suffici5tly conv5i5t & ready in/rum5t1 by means ( ! ris+ ( c]ta9 />s1 by ! ris+ or sett+ ( ! sun1 & 9 nor!rn regions by ! ,pole ,/>3 = ! v>iation is le>n$ ) great] c]ta9ty ev5 by ! skilful ) an in/rum5t :i* is at once simple & less s5sitive to ! waves ( ! sea4 ,its con/ruction is z foll[s4 #bbh,let an in/rum5t be made ( ! =m ( a true & m]idional m>9]s' compass ( at lea/ "o foot 9 diamet] 7) a v]sorium :i* is ei!r nude or provid$ ) a c>dbo>d circle73 let ! limb be divid$ into f\r quadrants1 & ea* quadrant into #ij degrees4 ,! movable compass-box 7z is usual 9 ! nautical in/rum5t7 is to be balanc$ bel[ by a heavy weight ( sixte5 p\nds4 ,on ! m>g9 ( ! susp5d$ compass-box1 :]e opposite quadrants beg91 let a half-r+ ris+ 9 an angul> frame 9 ! middle be rais$ 7) ! feet ( ! half-r+ fix$ on ei!r side 9 holes 9 ! m>g97 s t ! top ( ! frame may be p]p5dicul> to ! plane ( ! compass2 on its top let a rule sixte5 digits 9 l5g? be fa/5$ at its middle on a jo9t l a balance beam1 s t x may move1 z x 71 ab\t a c5tral axis4 ,at ! ends ( ! rule !re are small plates ) holes1 #agc ,illu/ration #agd ?r\gh :i* we c obs]ve ! sun or />s4 ,! v>iation is be/ obs]v$ & exp$iti\sly by ?is in/rum5t at ! equ9oxes by ! ris+ or sett+ sun4 ,b ev5 :5 ! sun is 9 o!r p>ts ( ! zodiack1 ! deviation becomes kn[n :5 we h ! altitude ( ! pole3 t be+ kn[n1 "o c le>n ! amplitude on ! ,horizon & ! di/ance f ! true ea/ bo? ( ! sun & ( ! foll[+ fix$ />s by means ( a globe1 or tables1 or an in/rum5t4 ,!n ! v>iation readily becomes kn[n by c\nt+ f ! true ea/ ! degrees & m9utes ( ! amplitude at ris+4 ,obs]ve ! prec$+ /> ( ! ?ree 9 ! ,belt ( ,orion z soon z x appe>s on ! horizon2 direct ! in/rum5t t[>d x & obs]ve ! v]sorium1 = s9ce ! /> has its ris+ 9 ! true ea/ ab\t "o degree t[>d ! s\?1 x c be se5 h[ mu* ! v]sorium is di/ant f ! m]idian1 acc\nt be+ tak5 ( t "o degree4 ,y w also be able to obs]ve ! arctick pole /> :5 x is on ! m]idian1 or at its greate/ di/ance f ! m]idian ( ab\t ?ree degrees 7! pole /> is di/ant #b deg4 #ee m94 f ! pole1 accord+ to ! obs]vations ( ,ty*o ,brahe71 & by ! in/rum5t y w le>n ! v>iation 7if ! /> be n on ! m]idian7 by add+ or subtract+1 secundum artem1 ! prop] r$uction pro/aphresis#bbi ( ! />'s di/ance f ! m]idian4 ,y w f9d :5 ! pole /> is on ! m]idian by kn[+ ! sun's place & ! h\r ( ! night3 = ?is a practis$ obs]v] w easily p]ceive )\t great error by ! visible incl9ation ( ! con/ellation3 = we d n take notice ( a few m9utes1 z d "s :o1 :5 !y toil to track ! m9utes ( degrees at sea1 are 9 error by a ne>ly :ole rumbe4 ,a practis$ obs]v] w1 9 ! ris+ ( sun or />s1 all[ some?+ = refraction1 s t he may be able to use a m exact calculation4 ,bright & conspicu\s />s#bcj :i* are n f> di/ant f ! equator :i* x w be useful to obs]ve at _! ris+ & sett+3 ! amplitude at ! ,horizon on ris+ be+ kn[n f ! altitude ( ! pole & f ! decl9ation ( ! />s1 by means ( a globe1 or tables1 or an in/rum5t :5ce ! v>iation is p]ceiv$ by te*nical calculation4 #age ,"r ,asc5sion ,decl9ation ,oculus ,tauri #fb #ee' #ae #ec' ,n ,s9i/] hum]us ,orionis #gb #bd' #d #e' ,n ,dext] hum]us ,orionis #hc #cj' #f #ai' ,n ,prc$5s 9 c+ulo ,orionis #gg #df' #a #af' ,s ,canis major #ig #aj' #ae #ee' ,s ,canis m9or #aji #da' #e #ee' ,n ,lucida ,hydr #acg #aj' #e #c' ,s ,caput ,gem9orum au/rale #aaj #ba' #bh #cj' ,n ,caput boreale #ajg #d' #cb #aj' ,n ,cor ,leonis #adf #h' #ac #dg' ,n ,cauda ,leonis #aga #ch' #af #cj' ,n ,spica ,virg9is #aie #dd' #h #cd' ,s ,arcturus #bi #ac' #ba #ed' ,n ,cor ,aquil #bia #ef' #g #ce' ,n ,an in/rum5t = f9d+ ! amplitude at ris+ on ! horizon4 ,describe ! circumf]5ce ( a circle & let x be divid$ into quadrants by two diamet]s int]sect+ ea* o!r at "r angles at its c5tre4 ,"o ( ^! w repres5t ! qu9octial circle1 ! o!r ! axis ( ! _w4 ,let ea* ( ^! quadrants be divid$ 79 ! accu/om$ way7 into #ij degrees2 on e fif? or t5? ( :i* at ea* end ( ea* diamet] & on ea* side let m>ks 7%[+ ! numb]s7 be inscrib$ on ! two limbs or m>g9s made = t purpose outside ! circumf]5ce4 ,!n f ea* degree /raight l9es are drawn p>allel to ! quator4 ,y w !n prep>e a rule or alhidade equal to ! diamet] ( t circle & divid$ ?r\gh\t into ! same p>ts into :i* ! diamet] ( ! circle repres5t+ ! axis ( ! _w is divid$4 ,let !re be left a small app5dage atta*$ to ! middle ( ! rule1 by :i* ! middle ( ! fiducial l9e itself ( ! rule may be connect$ ) ! c5tre ( ! circle3 b to e fif? or t5? "p ( t rule let numb]s be atta*$ proce$+ f ! c5tre t[>d ea* side4 ,?is circle repres5ts ! plane ( ! m]idian2 its c5tre ! actual po9t ( ea/ or we/1 i4e41 ! common int]section ( ! horizon & quator2 all ^? l9es quidi/ant f ! quator d5ote ! p>allels ( ! sun & />s2 ! fiducial l9e ( ! rule or alhidade repres5ts ! horizon2 & its p>ts signify ! degrees ( ! horizon1 beg9n+ f ! po9t ( sett+ or ( ris+4 #agf ,illu/ration ,!re=e if ! fiducial l9e ( ! rule be appli$ to ! giv5 latitude ( ! place reckon$ f ei!r end ( t diamet] :i* repres5ts ! axis ( ! _w2 & if fur!r ! giv5 decl9ation ( ! sun or ( "s /> f ! quator 7less ?an ! complem5t ( ! latitude ( ! place7 be f\nd on ! limb ( ! in/rum5t2 !n ! int]section ( ! p>allel drawn f t po9t ( ! decl9ation ) ! horizon1 or ) ! fiducial l9e ( ! rule or alhidade1 w indicate = ! giv5 latitude ( ! place ! amplitude at ris+ ( ! giv5 /> or ! sun4 99 99 99 99 99 #agg ,,*ap4 ,,xiii4 ,! obs]vations ( v>iation by seam5 v>y1 = ! mo/ "p1 & are unc]ta93 p>tly f error & inexp]i5ce1 & ! imp]fections ( ! in/rum5ts2 & p>tly f ! sea be+ seldom s calm t ! %ad[s or lights c rema9 q /eady on ! in/rum5ts4 ,aft] ! v>iation ( ! compass _h fir/ be5 notic$1 "s m dilig5t navigators took pa9s to inve/igate 9 v>i\s ways ! diff]5ce ( aspect ( ! m>9]s' compass4 ,yet1 to ! great detrim5t ( ! nautical art1 ?is has n be5 done s exactly z x ought to h be54 ,= ei!r be+ some:at ignorant !y h n und]/ood any accurate me?od or !y h us$ bad & absurd in/rum5ts1 or else !y m]ely foll[ "s conjecture aris+ f an ill-=m$ op9ion z to "s prime m]idian or magnetick pole2 :il/ o!rs aga9 transcribe f o!rs1 & p>ade ^! obs]vations z _! own2 & !y :o1 v unskilful !mselves1 fir/ ( all committ$ _! obs]vations to writ+ are1 z by ! pr]ogative ( "t1 held 9 e/eem by o!rs1 & _! po/]ity does n ?9k x safe to diff] f !m4 ,h5ce 9 long navigations1 especially to ! ,ea/ ,indies1 ! records by ! ,portuguese ( ! deviat+ compass are se5 to be unskilful3 = :oev] reads _! writ+s w easily und]/& t !y are 9 error 9 v _m ?+s1 & d n rightly und]/& ! con/ruction ( ! ,portuguese compass 7! lily ( :i* div]ges by half a rumbe f ! ne$les t[>d ! we/71 nor its use 9 tak+ ! v>iation4 ,h5ce1 :ile !y %[ ! v>iation ( ! compass 9 diff]5t places1 x is unc]ta9 :e!r !y measure ! deviation by a true m]idional compass or by "s o!r ^: ne$les are displac$ f ! lily4 ,! ,portuguese 7z is pat5t 9 _! writ+s7 make use ( ! ,portuguese compass1 ^: magnetick ne$les are fix$ aside f ! lily by half ( "o rumbe t[>d ! ea/4 ,moreov] on ! sea ! obs]vation ( ! v>iation is a matt] ( great difficulty1 on acc\nt ( ! motion ( ! %ip & ! unc]ta9ty ( ! deviation1 ev5 ) ! m skilful obs]v]s1 if !y use ! be/ made in/rum5ts hi!rto kn[n & us$4 ,h5ce !re arise diff]5t op9ions conc]n+ ! magnetick deviation3 z1 = in/ance1 ne> ! ,isl& ( ,/4 ,hel5a ! ,portuguese ,rodriguez de #agh ,lagos measures half a rumbe4 ,! ,dut* 9 _! nautical log fix x at a :ole rumbe4 ,k5dall1 ! exp]t ,engli%man1 ) a true m]idional compass admits only a six? "p ( a rumbe4 ,a little to ! ,ea/ ( ,cape ,agullias ,diego ,alfonso makes no v>iation1 & %[s by an ,a/rolabe t ! compass rema9s 9 ! true m]idian4 ,rodriguez %[s t ! compass at ,cape ,agulhas has no v>iation if x is ( ,portuguese con/ruction1 9 :i* ! ne$les are incl9$ half a rumbe to ! ,ea/4 ,& !re is ! same confusion1 neglig5ce1 & vanity 9 v _m o!r in/ances4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xiiii4 ,on ! v>iation "u ! qu9octial l9e1 & ne> x4 ,9 ! ,nor? ! magnetick ne$le v>ies because ( ! ,boreal em95ces ( ! cont95t2 9 ! ,s\? because ( ! ,au/ral2 at ! quator1 if ! regions on bo? sides 7 equal1 !re w\ld be no v>iation4 ,b because ?is r>ely happ5s "s v>iation is (t5 obs]v$ "u ! quator2 & ev5 at "s di/ance f ! quator ( ?ree or #d degrees t[>d ! ,nor?1 !re may be a v>iation aris+ f ! s\?1 if ^? v wide & influ5tial s\!rn cont95ts be some:at ne> on "o side4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xv4 ,! v>iation ( ! magnetick ne$le 9 ! great ?iopick & ,am]ican sea1 beyond ! quator4 ,disc\rse ha? already be5 _h ( ! mode & reason ( ! v>iation 9 ! great ,atlantick ,ocean3 b :5 "o has advanc$ beyond ! quator (f ! ea/ coa/ ( ,brazil ! magnetick ne$le turns aside t[>d ! ma9l&1 namely1 ) t end ( x :i* po9ts to ! s\?2 s t ) t end ( ! v]sorium x deviates f ! true m]idian t[>d ! we/2 :i* navigators obs]ve at ! o!r end & suppose a v>iation to occur t[>d ! ea/4 ,b ?r\gh\t ! :ole way f ! fir/ promontory on ! ea/ ( ,brazil1 by #agi ,cape ,/4 ,augu/9e & !nce to ,cape ,frio1 & fur!r /ill to ! m\? ( ! ,/rait ( ,magellan1 ! v>iation is always f ! s\? t[>d ! we/ ) t end ( ! v]sorium :i* t5ds t[>d ! ant>ctick pole4 ,= x is always ) ! accordant end t x turns t[>d a cont95t4 ,! v>iation1 h[ev]1 occurs n only on ! coa/ itself1 b at "s di/ance f l&1 su* z a space ( fifty or sixty ,g]man miles or ev5 m4 ,b :5 at l5g? "o has progress$ f> f l&1 !n ! arc beg9s to dim9i%3 = ! magnetick ne$le turns aside ! less t[>d :at is too f> (f1 & is turn$ aside ! less f :at is pres5t & at h&1 s9ce x enjoys :at is pres5t4 ,9 ! ,isl& ( ,/4 ,hel5a 7! longitude ( :i* is less ?an is commonly m>k$ on *>ts & globes7 ! v]sorium v>ies by "o degree or ne>ly two4 ,! ,portuguese & o!rs taught by !m1 :o navigate beyond ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope to ! ,indies1 set a c\rse t[>d ! ,isl&s ( ,tri/an d',acunha1 9 ord] t !y may enjoy m fav\rable w9ds2 9 ! =m] "p ( _! c\rse ! *ange ( v>iation is n great2 b aft] !y h approa*$ ! isl&s ! v>iation increases2 & close to ! isl&s x is great] ?an any:]e else 9 ! :ole c\rse4 ,= ! end ( ! v]sorium t5d+ to ! s\? 79 :i* lies ! greate/ s\rce ( ! v>iation7 is caught & allur$ t[>d ! s\?-we/ by ! great promontory ( ! s\!rn l&4 ,b :5 !y proce$ onw>d t[>d ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope ! v>iation dim9i%es ! m !y approa* x4 ,b on ! prime m]idian 9 ! latitude ( #de degrees1 ! v]sorium t5ds to ! s\?-ea/3 & "o :o navigates ne> ! coa/ f ,manicongo to ! tropick1 & a little beyond1 w p]ceive t ! v]sorium t5ds f ! s\? to ! ea/1 al?\gh n mu*4 ,at ! promontory ( ,agulhas x pres]ves slightly ! v>iation :i* x %[$ ne> ! isl&s ( d',acunha1 :i* nev]!less is v mu* dim9i%$ because ( ! great] remot5ess f ! cause ( v>iation1 & consequ5tly !re ! s\!rn end ( ! v]sorium does n yet face exactly to ! pole4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xvi4 ,on ! v>iation 9 ,nova ,zembla4 ,v>iations 9 p>ts ne> ! pole are great] 7z has be5 %[n be=e7 & also h sudd5 *anges1 z 9 =m] ye>s ! ,dut* explor]s obs]v$ n badly1 ev5 if ^? obs]vations 7 n exact--:i* inde$ is p>donable 9 !m2 = ) ! usual in/rum5ts x is ) difficulty #ahj t ! tru? becomes kn[n 9 su* a high latitude 7( ab\t #hj degrees74 ,n[1 h[ev]1 f ! deviation ( ! compass ! reason = !re be+ an op5 c\rse to ! ea/ by ! ,arctick ,ocean appe>s manife/2 = s9ce ! v]sorium has s ample a v>iation t[>d ! nor?-we/1 x is demon/rable t a cont95t does n ext5d any great di/ance 9 ! :ole ( t c\rse t[>d ! ea/4 ,!re=e ) ! great] hope c ! sea be attempt$ & explor$ t[>d ! ea/ = a passage to ! ,moluccas by ! nor?-ea/ ?an by ! nor?-we/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xvii4 ,v>iation 9 ! ,pacifick ,ocean4 ,pass+ ! ,/rait ( ,magellan ! deviation on ! %ore ( ,p]u is t[>d ! s\?-ea/1 i4e41 f ! s\? t[>d ! ea/4 ,& a simil> deflection w\ld be cont9u$ along ! :ole coa/ ( ,p]u z f> z ! quator4 ,9 a high] latitude up to #de deg4 ! v>iation is great] ?an ne> ! quator2 & ! deflection t[>d ! s\?-ea/ is 9 ne>ly ! same proportion z 0 ! deviation f ! s\? t[>d ! we/ on ! ea/]n %ore ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,f ! quator t[>d ! ,nor? !re is little or no v>iation until "o comes to ,new ,galicia2 & !nce along ! :ole %ore z f> z ,quivira ! incl9ation is f ! nor? t[>d ! ea/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xviii4 ,on ! v>iation 9 ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea4 ,sicilian & ,italian sailors ?9k t 9 ! ,sicilian ,sea & t[>d ! ea/ up to ! m]idian ( ! ,peloponnesus 7z ,franciscus ,maurolycus relates7 ! magnetick ne$le grcizes1 t is1 turns f ! pole t[>d :at is call$ ! greek w9d or ,boreas2 t on ! %ore ( ! ,peloponnesus x looks t[>d ! true pole2 b t :5 !y h proce$$ fur!r ea/1 !n x mi/ralizes1 because x t5ds f ! pole t[>d ! mi/ral or nor?-we/ w9d3 :i* agrees ) our rule = ! v>iation4 ,= z ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea is ext5d$ t[>d ! we/ f t m]idian1 s on ! side #aha t[>d ! ea/ ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea lies op5 z f> z ,pale/9e2 z t[>d ,nor? & ,ea/ lie op5 ! :ole ,ar*ipelago & ! neighb\r+ ,black ,sea4 ,f ! ,peloponnesus t[>d ! nor? pole ! m]idian passes ?r\gh ! l>ge/ & mo/ elevat$ regions ( all ,europe2 ?r\gh ,a*aia1 ,mac$onia1 ,hung>y1 ,transylvania1 ,li?uania1 ,novog>dia1 ,corelia & ,bi>mia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xix4 ,! v>iation 9 ! int]ior ( l>ge ,cont95ts4 ,mo/ ( ! great seas h great v>iations2 9 "s p>ts1 h[ev]1 !y h none1 b ! true directions are t[>d ! pole4 ,on cont95ts1 also1 ! magnetick ne$le (t5 deviates f ! m]idian1 z on ! edge ( ! l& & ne> ! bord]s2 b x is g5]ally accu/om$ to deviate by a some:at small arc4 ,9 ! middle1 h[ev]1 ( great regions !re are no v>iations4 ,h5ce 9 ! middle l&s ( ,upp] ,europe1 9 ! int]ior ( ,asia1 & 9 ! he>t ( ,africa1 ( ,p]u1 & 9 ! regions ( ,nor? or ,mexican ,am]ica1 ! v]sorium re/s 9 ! m]idian4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xx4 ,v>iation 9 ! ,ea/]n ,ocean4 ,v>iation 9 ! ,ea/]n ,ocean ?r\gh\t ! :ole voyage to ,goa & ! ,moluccas is obs]v$ by ! ,portuguese2 b !y err greatly 9 _m ?+s1 foll[+1 z !y d1 ! fir/ obs]v]s :o note d[n v>iations 9 c]ta9 places ) ill-adapt$ in/rum5ts1 & by no means accurate obs]vations1 or by "s conjectures4 ,z1 = in/ance1 9 ,br&e ,isl&1 !y make ! v]sorium deviate by #bb degrees to ! nor?-we/4 ,= 9 no region or place 9 ! :ole _w1 ( n great] latitude1 is !re s great a deviation2 &1 9 reality1 !re ! deviation is slight4 ,also :5 !y make out t at ,mosambique ! compass deviates by "o rumbe to ! nor?-we/1 x is false2 ev5 ?\gh !y use 7z !y are accu/om$ to d7 ! ,portuguese compass3 = beyond all d\bt on ! %ore ( #ahb ,mosambique ! v]sorium incl9es rumbe or ev5 m to ! s\?-we/4 ,v wrongly also beyond ! quator 9 ! c\rse to ,goa !y make ! little compass incl9e by #a rumbe to ! we/3 :]eas !y %\ld r h said t 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! c\rse ! ,portuguese compass incl9es by #a rumbe3 b t ! true m]idional compass incl9es by rumbe only4 ,9 ord] t ! am\nt ( v>iation 9 ! ,ea/]n ,ocean may be accurately settl$ 9 mo/ places by our rules1 !re is ne$$ a m exact & tru] survey ( ! s\!rn l&1 :i* spreads out f ! s\? to ! qu9octial m ?an is commonly describ$ on maps & globes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,xxi4 ,h[ ! deviation ( ! v]sorium is augm5t$ & dim9i%$ by reason ( ! di/ance ( places4 ,9 ! middle ( great & cont95t l&s !re is no v>iation4 ,nor1 g5]ally1 9 ! middle ( v great seas4 ,on ! m>g9 ( ^? l&s & seas ! v>iation is (t5 ample1 yet n s great z at a little fur!r di/ance on ! sea4 ,z1 = example1 ne> ,cape ,/4 ,augu/9e ! compass v>ies2 b at #ej miles f l& t[>d ! ,ea/ x v>ies m2 & #hj miles (f x v>ies /ill m2 & yet /ill m at a di/ance ( #ajj miles4 ,b f a di/ance ( #ajj miles ! dim9utions ( deviation are sl[]1 :5 !y are navigat+ t[>d ! ma9l&1 ?an at a di/ance ( #hj miles1 & at a di/ance ( #hj miles ?an at #ej3 = ! deviations *ange & are dim9i%$ r m swiftly ! m !y approa* & draw ne> l& ?an :5 at a great di/ance (f4 ,z1 = in/ance1 navigat+ t[>d ,newf\ndl& ! *ange ( v>iation is m rapid 7t is1 x decreases a degree 9 a small] arc ( ! c\rse on ! p>allel7 :5 !y are n f> f l& ?an :5 !y are a hundr$ miles di/ant3 b :5 travell+ on l& t[>d ! int]iors ( regions ! *anges are sl[] 9 ! fir/ p>ts ( ! j\rney ?an :5 !y come m into ! int]ior4 ,! ratio ( ! arcs on a p>allel circle1 :5 a v]sorium is mov$ t[>d cont95ts :i* ext5d to ! pole1 corresponds ) ! degrees ( v>iation4 ,let ,a be ! pole2 ,b ! em95ces ( ! dom9ant l&s2 at ,c !re is no v>iation caus$ by ,b1 = x is too f> away2 at ,d ! v>iation is v great because ! v]sorium is allur$ or turn$ by ! :ole e>? t[>d ! em95t #ahc l& ,b2 & moreov] x is n h9d]$1 or re/ra9$ or br\ght back to ! pole by ! v]ticity ( ! e>?2 b1 t5d+ ( its own nature to ! pole1 x is nev]!less deflect$ f x by reason ( ! site1 or position1 & conv5i5t di/ance ( ! dom9ant & high l&s4 ,illu/ration ,n[ f ,c t[>d ,d ! v>iation increases2 ! v]sorium1 h[ev]1 does n deviate s rapidly 9 ! fir/ spaces z ne> ,d3 = m miles are trav]s$ on ! p>allel circle ,c ,d1 ne> ,c1 9 ord] t ! v]sorium may deviate by "o degree f ! pole ,a1 ?an ne> ,d4 ,s also 9 ord] t ! v>iation may be dim9i%$ f ,d t[>d ,e m miles are requir$ ne> ,d ?an ne> ,e4 ,?us ! deviations become equal 9 unequal c\rses1 :e!r ! v>iation be increas+ or decreas+2 & yet ! v>iation decreases by less] int]vals ?an x increases4 ,!re int]v5e1 h[ev]1 _m o!r causes :i* p]turb ?is proportion4 99 99 99 99 99 #ahd ,illu/ration ,,book ,,fif?4 ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,,on ,,decl9ation4 ,9 due c\rse we h n[ come to t notable exp]im5t1 & rem>kable motion ( magnetick bodies dipp+ bel[ ! horizon by _! own rotatory nature2 by ! k ( :i* is reveal$ a unity1 a concordancy1 & a mutual agreem5t betwe5 ! t]re/rial globe & ! load/one 7or ! magnetick iron71 :i* is wond]ful 9 itself1 & is made manife/ by our tea*+4 ,?is motion we h made kn[n 9 _m /rik+ exp]im5ts1 & h e/abli%$ its rules2 & 9 ! foll[+ pages we %all demon/rate ! causes ( x1 9 su* a way t no s\nd1 logical m9d c ev] rightly set at n\ght or disprove our *ief magnetick pr9ciples4 ,direction1 z also v>iation1 is demon/rat$ 9 a horizontal plane1 :5 a balanc$ magnetick ne$le comes to re/ at "s def9ite po9t2 b decl9ation is se5 to be ! motion ( a ne$le1 />t+ f t po9t ( ! horizon1 fir/ balanc$ on its own axis1 !n excit$ by a load/one1 "o end or pole ( x t5d+ t[>d ! c5tre ( ! e>?4 ,& we h f\nd t x takes place 9 proportion to ! latitude ( ea* region4 ,b t motion arises 9 tru?1 n f any motion f ! horizon t[>d ! c5tre ( ! e>?1 b f ! turn+ ( ! :ole magnetick body t[>d ! :ole ( ! e>?1 z we %all %[ h]eaft]4 ,nor does ! iron dip f ! horizontal 9 "s oblique sph]e1 accord+ to ! numb] ( degrees ( elevation ( ! pole 9 ! giv5 region1 or by an equal arc 9 ! quadrant1 z w appe> h]eaft]4 #ahe ,in/rum5t ( ! ,decl9ation ,illu/ration #ahf ,n[ h[ mu* x dips at e horizon may be asc]ta9$ 9 ! fir/ place by a contrivance1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is n s easily made z is t 9 dials = measur+ "t1 9 :i* ! ne$le turns to ! po9ts ( ! horizon1 or 9 ! m>9]s' compass4 ,f a plank ( wood let a smoo? & circul> in/rum5t be prep>$1 at lea/ six digits 9 diamet]1 & affix ?is to ! side ( a squ>e pill>1 :i* /&s upright on a wood5 base4 ,divide ! p]iph]y ( ?is in/rum5t into #d quadrants3 !n ea* quadrant into #ij degrees4 ,at ! c5tre ( ! in/rum5t let !re be plac$ a brass peg1 at ! c5tre ( ! end ( :i* let !re be a small holl[1 well poli%$4 ,to ?is wood5 in/rum5t let a brass circle or r+ be fix$1 ab\t two digits 9 wid?1 ) a ?9 plate or flat rod ( ! same metal1 repres5t+ ! horizon1 fix$ across x1 ?r\gh ! middle ( ! circle4 ,9 ! middle ( ! horizontal rod let !re be ano!r holl[1 :i* %all be exactly opposite ! c5tre ( ! in/rum5t1 :]e ! =m] holl[ 0 made4 ,aft]w>d let a ne$le be fa%ion$ out ( /eel1 z v]soria are accu/om$ to be made4 ,divide ?is at "r angles by a ?9 iron axis 7l a cross7 ?r\gh ! v middle & c5tre ( ! wire & ! cross-piece4 ,let ?is dipp+-ne$le be hung 7) ! ends ( ! cross re/+ 9 ! a=esaid holes7 s t x c move freely & ev5ly on its axis 9 ! mo/ p]fect quilibrium1 s accurately t x turns away f no "o po9t or degree m>k$ on ! circumf]5ce m ?an f ano!r1 b t x c re/ q easily at any4 ,let x be fix$ upright to ! front "p ( ! pill>1 :il/ at ! edge ( ! base is a small v]sorium to %[ direction4 ,aft]w>d t\* ! iron1 susp5d$ by ?is +5i\s me?od1 on bo? ends ) ! opposite ends ( a load/one1 accord+ to ! sci5tifick me?od1 b r c>efully1 le/ ! ne$le be twi/$ 9 any way2 = unless y prep>e ev]y?+ v skilfully & clev]ly1 y w secure no result4 ,!n let ano!r brass r+ be prep>$1 a little l>g]1 s z to conta9 ! =m] "o2 & let a glass or a v ?9 plate ( mica be fitt$ to "o side ( x4 ,:5 ?is is put ov] ! =m] r+1 ! :ole space )9 rema9s inclos$1 & ! v]sorium is n int]f]$ ) by du/ or w9ds4 ,dispose ! in/rum5t1 ?us complet$1 p]p5dicul>ly on its base1 & ) ! small v]sorium horizontal1 9 su* a way t1 :ile /&+ p]p5dicul>ly1 x may be direct$ t[>d ! exact magnetical po9t respective4 ,!n ! end ( ! ne$le :i* looks t[>d ! nor? dips bel[ ! horizon 9 nor!rn regions1 :il/ 9 s\!rn regions ! end ( ! ne$le :i* looks t[>d ! s\? t5ds t[>d ! c5tre ( ! e>?1 9 a c]ta9 proportion 7to be expla9$ aft]w>d7 to ! latitude ( ! di/rict 9 "q1 f ! quator on ei!r side4 ,! ne$le1 h[ev]1 mu/ be rubb$ on #ahg a p[]ful load/one2 o!rwise x does n dip to ! true po9t1 or else x goes pa/ x1 & does n always re/ 9 x4 ,a l>g] in/rum5t may also be us$1 ^: diamet] may be #aj or #ab digits2 b 9 su* an in/rum5t m c>e is ne$$ to balance ! v]sorium truly4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! ne$le be ( /eel2 also t x be /raight2 likewise t bo? ends ( ! cross-piece be %>p & fix$ at "r angles to ! ne$le1 & t ! cross-piece pass ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! ne$le4 ,z 9 o!r magnetical motions !re is an exact agreem5t betwe5 ! e>? & ! /one1 & a correspond5ce manife/ly app>5t to our s5ses by means ( our exp]im5ts2 s 9 ?is decl9ation !re is a cle> & evid5t concordance ( ! t]re/rial globe ) ! load/one4 ,( ?is motion1 s important & s long unkn[n to all m51 ! foll[+ is ! sure & true cause4 ,a magnet-/one is mov$ & turn$ r\nd until "o ( its poles be+ impell$ t[>d ! nor? comes to re/ t[>d a def9ite po9t ( ! horizon4 #bca,?is pole1 :i* settles t[>d ! nor? 7z appe>s f ! prec$+ rules & demon/rations71 is ! s\!rn1 n ! boreal2 ?\gh all be=e u deem$ x to be ! boreal1 on acc\nt ( its turn+ to t po9t ( ! horizon4 ,a wire or v]sorium t\*$ on ?is pole ( ! /one turns to ! s\?1 & is made into a boreal pole1 because x 0 t\*$ by ! s\!rn t]m9al ( ! /one4 ,s if ! cusp ( a v]sorium be excit$ 9 a simil> mann]1 x w be direct$ t[>d ! s\!rn pole ( ! e>?1 & w adju/ itself also to x2 b ! cross 7! o!r end7 w be s\!rn1 & w turn to ! nor? ( ! e>? 7! e>? itself be+ ! cause ( its motion72 = s direction is produc$ f ! disposition ( ! /one or ( ! excit$ iron1 & f ! v]ticity ( ! e>?4 ,b decl9ation takes place :5 a magnetick is turn$ r\nd t[>d ! body ( ! e>?1 ) its s\!rn end t[>d ! nor?1 at "s latitude away f ! quator4 ,= ?is is c]ta9 & con/ant1 t exactly "u ! coele/ial quator1 or r ov] ! quator ( ! t]re/rial globe1 !re is no decl9ation ( a load/one or ( iron2 b 9 :atev] way ! iron has be5 excit$ or rubb$1 x settles 9 ! decl9ation in/rum5t precisely along ! plane ( ! horizon1 if x 7 prop]ly balanc$ be=e4 ,n[ ?is occurs ?us because1 :5 ! magnetick body is at an equal di/ance f ei!r pole1 x dips t[>d nei!r by its own v]satory nature1 b rema9s ev5ly direct$ to ! level ( ! horizon1 z if x 7 re/+ on a p9 or float+ free & unh9d]$ on wat]4 ,b :5 ! magnetick sub/ance is at "s latitude away f ! quator1 or :5 ei!r pole ( ! e>? is rais$ 7,i d n say rais$ above ! visible horizon1 z ! commonly imag9$ pole ( ! revolv+ univ]se 9 ! sky1 b above ! horizon or its c5tre1 or its prop] diamet]1 quidi/ant f ! plane ( ! visible horizon1 :i* is ! true elevation ( ! t]re/rial pole71 #ahh ,illu/ration !n decl9ation is app>5t1 & ! iron incl9es t[>d ! body ( ! e>? 9 its own m]idian4 ,let ,a ,b1 = example1 be ! visible horizon ( a place2 ,c ,d ! horizontal ?r\gh ! e>?1 divid+ x into equal p>ts2 ,e ,f ! axis ( ! e>?2 ,g ! position ( ! place4 ,x is manife/ t ! boreal pole ,e is elevat$ above ! po9t ,c by z mu* z ,g is di/ant f ! quator4 ,:]e=e1 s9ce at ,e ! magnetick ne$le /&s p]p5dicul>ly 9 its prop] turn+ 7z we h (t5 %[n be=e71 s n[ at ,g !re is a c]ta9 t5d5cy to turn 9 proportion to ! latitude 7! magnetick dipp+ bel[ ! plane ( ! horizon71 & ! magnetick body int]sects ! horizon at unequal angles1 & exhibits a decl9ation bel[ ! horizon4 ,= ! same reason1 if ! decl9atory ne$le be plac$ at ,g1 its s\!rn end1 ! "o namely :i* is direct$ t[>d ! ,nor?1 dips bel[ ! plane ( ! visible horizon ,a ,b4 ,& s !re is ! greate/ diff]5ce betwe5 a "r sph]e#bcb & a pol> or p>allel sph]e1 9 :i* ! pole is at ! v ,z5i?4 ,= 9 a "r sph]e ! ne$le is p>allel to ! plane ( ! horizon2 b :5 ! coele/ial pole is v]tically ov]head1 or :5 ! pole ( ! e>? is itself ! place ( ! region1 !n ! ne$le is p]p5dicul> to ! horizon4 ,?is is %[n by a r\nd /one4 ,let a small dipp+-ne$le1 ( two digits l5g? 7rubb$ ) a magnet71 be hung 9 ! air l a balance1 & let ! /one be c>efully plac$ "u x2 & fir/ let ! t]rella be at "r angles1 z 9 a "r sph]e1 & z 9 ! fir/ figure2 = s ! magnetick ne$le w rema9 9 equilibrium4 ,b 9 an oblique position ( ! t]rella1 z 9 an oblique sph]e1 & 9 ! second figure1 ! ne$le dips obliquely at "o end t[>d ! ne> pole1 b does n re/ on ! pole1 nor is its dip rul$ by ! pole1 b by ! body & mass ( ! :ole2 = ! #ahi dip 9 high] latitudes passes beyond ! pole4 ,b 9 ! ?ird position ( ! t]rella ! ne$le is p]p5dicul>2 because ! pole ( ! /one is plac$ at ! top1 & ! ne$le t5d+ /raight t[>d ! body rea*es to ! pole4 ,! cross 9 ! prec$+ figures always turns t[>d ! boreal pole ( ! t]rella1 hav+ be5 t\*$ by ! boreal pole ( ! t]rella2 ! cusp ( ! ne$le1 hav+ be5 t\*$ by ! s\!rn pole ( ! /one1 turns to ! s\?4 ,?us "o may see on a t]rella ! level1 oblique1 & p]p5dicul> positions ( a magnetick ne$le4 99 ,illu/ration 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,diagram ( decl9ations ( ! magnetick ne$le1 :5 excit$1 9 ! v>i\s portions ( ! sph]e1 & horizons ( ! e>?1 9 :i* !re is no v>iation ( ! decl9ation4 ,illu/ration #aij ,z quator let ,a ,b be tak51 ,c ! nor? pole1 ,d ! s\?1 ,e ,g dipp+-ne$les 9 ! nor!rn1 ,h ,f 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! e>? or ( a t]rella4 ,9 ! diagram be=e u all ! cusps h be5 t\*$ by ! true ,arctick pole ( ! t]rella4 ,"h we h ! level position ( ! magnetick ne$le on ! quator ( ! e>? & ! /one1 at ,a & ,b1 & its p]p5dicul> position at ,c1 ,d1 ! poles2 :il/ at ! places midway betwe51 at a di/ance ( #de degrees1 ! crosses ( ! ne$le dip t[>d ! s\?1 b ! cusps j z mu* t[>d ! nor?4 ,( :i* ?+ ! reason w become cle> f ! demon/rations t foll[4 99 ,diagram ( ! rotation & decl9ation ( a t]rella con=m+ to ! globe ( ! e>?1 = a latitude ( #ej degrees nor?4 ,illu/ration ,a is ! boreal pole ( ! e>? or ( a r l>ge t]rella1 ,b ! s\!rn1 ,c a small] t]rella1 ,e ! s\!rn pole ( ! small] t]rella1 dipp+ 9 ! nor!rn regions#bcc4 ,! c5tre ,c is plac$ on ! surface ( ! l>g] t]rella1 because ! small] t]rella %[s "s v>iation on acc\nt ( ! l5g? ( ! axis2 inappreciable1 h[ev]1 on ! e>?4 ,j z a magnetick ne$le dips 9 a regional latitude ( #ej degrees1 s also ! axis ( a /one 7( a sph]ical /one1 ( c\rse7 is depress$ bel[ ! horizon1 & its natural au/ral pole falls1 & its boreal pole is rais$ on ! #aia s\? t[>d ! ,z5i?4 ,9 ! same way also a circul> disc ( iron behaves1 :i* has be5 c>efully t\*$ at opposite p>ts on its circumf]5ce2 b ! magnetical exp]im5ts are less cle> on acc\nt ( ! feebl] =ces 9 r\nd pieces ( iron4 ,v>iety 9 ! decl9ations ( iron spikes at v>i\s latitudes ( a t]rella4 ,illu/ration ,! decl9ation ( a magnetick ne$le above a t]rella is %[n by means ( sev]al equal iron wires1 ( ! l5g? ( a b>leycorn1 arrang$ along a m]idian4 ,! wires on ! quator are direct$ by ! virtue ( ! /one t[>d ! poles1 & lie d[n ^u its body along ! plane ( its horizon4 ,! ne>] !y are br\ght to ! poles1 ! m !y are rais$ up by _! v]satory nature4 ,at ! poles !mselves !y po9t p]p5dicul>ly t[>d ! v c5tre4 ,b iron spikes1 if !y are ( m ?an a due l5g?1 are n rais$ /raight up except on a vigor\s /one4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,iii4 99 ,an indicatory in/rum5t1 %[+ by ! virtue ( a /one ! degrees ( decl9ation f ! horizon ( ea* sev]al latitude4 #aib ,illu/ration #aic ,description ( ! ,in/rum5t1 & its use4 ,take a t]rella ( ! be/ /rong load/one1 & homog5e\s ?r\gh\t1 n weak5$ by decay or by a flaw 9 any p>ts2 let x be ( a fair size1 s t its diamet] is six or sev5 digits2 & let x be made exactly sph]ical4 ,hav+ f\nd its poles accord+ to ! me?od already %[n1 m>k !m ) an iron tool2 !n m>k also ! qu9octial circle4 ,aft]w>ds 9 a ?ick squ>$ block ( wood1 "o foot 9 size1 make a hemisph]ical holl[1 :i* %all hold half ( ! t]rella1 & su* t exactly "o half ( ! /one %all project above ! face ( ! block4 ,divide ! limb close to ?is cavity 7a circle hav+ be5 drawn r\nd x = a m]idian7 into #d quadrants1 & ea* ( ^! into #ij degrees4 ,let ! t]m9us ( ! quadrants on ! limb be ne> ! c5tre ( a quadrant describ$ on ! block1 also divid$ into #ij degrees4 ,at t c5tre let a %ort1 sl5d] v]sorium 7its o!r end be+ r %>p & elongat$ l a po9t]7 be plac$ 9 quilibrio on a suitable p94 ,x is manife/ t :5 ! poles ( ! /one are at ! />t+ po9ts ( ! quadrants1 !n ! v]sorium lies /raight1 z if 9 quilibrio1 ov] ! t]rella4 ,b if y move ! t]rella1 s t ! pole on ! left h& rises1 !n ! v]sorium rises on ! m]idian 9 proportion to ! latitude1 & turns itself z a magnetick body2 & on ! quadrant describ$ on ! flat surface ( ! wood1 ! degree ( its turn+ or ( ! decl9ation is %[n by ! v]sorium4 ,! rim ( ! cavity repres5ts a m]idional circle1 to :i* corresponds "s m]idian circle ( ! t]rella1 s9ce ! poles on bo? sides are )9 ! circumf]5ce ( ! rim itself4 ,^! ?+s cle>ly always happ5 on ! same plan on ! e>? itself :5 !re is no v>iation2 b :5 !re is v>iation1 ei!r 9 ! direction or 9 ! decl9ation 7a di/urbance1 z x 71 9 ! true turn+1 on acc\nt ( causes to be expla9$ lat]71 !n !re is "s diff]5ce4 ,let ! quadrant be ne> ! limb1 or h its c5tre on ! limb itself1 & let ! v]sorium be v %ort1 s z n to t\* ! t]rella1 because ) a v]sorium t is long] or m remote1 !re is "s error2 = x has a motion truly proportionate to ! t]rella only on ! surface ( ! t]rella4 ,b if ! quadrant1 be+ f> di/ant f ! t]rella1 7 mov$ )9 ! orbe ( virtue ( ! t]rella t[>d ! pole on "s circle conc5trick ) ! t]rella1 !n ! v]sorium w\ld indicate ! degrees ( decl9ation on ! quadrant1 9 proportion to & symmetrically ) t circle1 n ) ! t]rella4 99 99 99 99 99 #aid ,,*ap4 ,,iiii4 ,conc]n+ ! l5g? ( a v]sorium conv5i5t = decl9ation on a t]rella4 ,decl9ation be+ inve/igat$ on ! e>? itself by means ( a decl9ation in/rum5t1 we may use ei!r a %ort or a v long v]sorium1 if only ! magnetick virtue ( ! /one t t\*es x is able to p]meate ?r\gh ! :ole ( its middle & ?r\gh all its l5g?4 ,= ! greate/ l5g? ( a v]sorium has no mom5t or p]ceptible proportion to ! e>?'s semi-diamet]4 ,on a t]rella1 h[ev]1 or 9 a plane ne> a m]idian ( a t]rella1 a %ort v]sorium is desirable1 ( ! l5g?1 say1 ( a b>leycorn2 = long] ones 7because !y rea* fur!r7 dip & turn t[>d ! body ( ! t]rella sudd5ly & irregul>ly 9 ! fir/ degrees ( decl9ation4 ,illu/ration ,= example1 z soon z ! long v]sorium is mov$ =w>d f ! aequator ,a to ,c1 x cat*es on ! /one ) its cusp 7z if ) a long ext5d$ w+71 :5 ! cusp rea*es to ! p>ts ab\t ,b1 :i* produce a great] rotation ?an at ,c4 ,& ! extremities ( long] wires also & rods turn irregul>ly1 j z iron wires & balls ( iron & o!r orbicul> load/ones are likewise turn$ ab\t irregul>ly by a long non-orbicul> load/one4 ,j s magneticks or iron bodies on ! surface ( a t]rella ought n to h too long an axis1 b a v %ort "o2 s t !y may make a decl9ation on ! t]rella truly & naturally proportionate to t on ! e>?4 ,a long v]sorium also close to a t]rella ) difficulty /&s /eady 9 a horizontal direction on a "r sph]e1 &1 beg9n+ to wav]1 x dips imm$iately to "o side1 especially ! end t 0 t\*$1 or 7if bo? 7 t\*$7 ! "o :i* felt ! /one la/4 99 99 99 99 99 #aie ,,*ap4 ,v4 ,t decl9ation does n arise f ! attraction ( ! load/one1 b f a dispos+ & rotat+ influ5ce4 ,9 ! univ]se ( nature t m>vell\s provision ( its ,mak] %\ld be notic$1 :]eby ! pr9cipal bodies are re/ra9$ )9 c]ta9 habitations & f5c$ 91 z x 7 7nature controll+ !m74 ,= ?is reason ! />s1 ?\gh !y move & advance1 are n ?r[n into confusion4 ,magnetical rotations also arise f a dispos+ influ5ce1 :e!r 9 great] & dom9at+ quantity1 or 9 a small]1 & compliant quantity1 ev5 ?\gh x be v small4 ,= ! "w is n accompli%$ by attraction1 b by an incitation ( ea* sub/ance1 by a motion ( agreem5t t[>d fix$ b\nds1 beyond :i* no advance is made4 ,= if ! v]sorium dipp$ by reason ( an attractive =ce1 !n a t]rella made f a v /rong magnetick /one w\ld cause ! v]sorium to turn t[>d itself m ?an "o made out ( an av]age /one1 & a piece ( iron t\*$ ) a vigor\s load/one w\ld dip m4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 nev] happ5s4 ,moreov]1 an iron sn\t plac$ on a m]idian 9 any latitude does n raise a spike m t[>d ! p]p5dicul> ?an ! /one itself1 alone & un>m$2 al?\gh :5 ?us equipp$1 x plucks up & raises _m great] weights#bcd4 ,b if a load/one be %>p] t[>d "o pole1 t[>d ! o!r blunt]1 ! %>p end or pole allures a magnetick ne$le m /rongly1 ! blunt1 ?ick end makes x rotate m /rongly2 b an orbicul> /one 99 makes x rotate /rongly & truly1 9 accordance ) magnetick rules & its globul> =m4 ,a long /one1 on ! o!r h&1 ext5d$ f pole to pole1 moves a v]sorium t[>d x irregul>ly2 = 9 ?is case ! pole ( ! v]sorium always looks d[n on ! pole itself4 ,simil>ly also1 if ! load/one h be5 made 9 ! %ape ( a circle1 & its poles are on ! circumf]5ce1 :il/ ! body ( x is plane1 n globul>1 if ! plane be br\ght ne> a v]sorium1 ! v]sorium does n move ) ! regul> magnetick rotation1 z on a t]rella2 b x turns look+ always t[>d ! pole ( ! load/one1 :i* has its seat on ! circumf]5ce ( ! plane4 ,moreov]1 if ! /one caus$ ! v]sorium to rotate by attract+ x1 !n 9 ! fir/ degrees ( latitude1 x w\ld attract ! end ( a %ort v]sorium t[>d ! body itself ( ! t]rella2 yet x does n s attract x t !y are br\ght into contact & unite2 b ! v]sorium rotates j s f> z nature dem&s1 z is cle> f ?is example4 #aif ,illu/ration 99 ,= ! cusp ( a v]sorium plac$ 9 a l[ latitude does n t\* ! /one or unite ) x1 b only incl9es t[>d x4 ,moreov]1 :5 a magnetick body rotates 9 dipp+1 ! pole ( ! v]sorium is n /ay$ or deta9$ by ! pole ( ! e>? or t]rella2 b x rotates regul>ly1 & does n /op at any po9t or b\nd1 nor po9t /raight to ! pole t[>d :i* ! c5tre ( ! v]sorium is advanc+1 unless on ! pole itself1 & once only betwe5 ! pole & ! quator2 b x dips z x advances1 accord+ z ! *ange ( position ( its c5tre gives a reason = its incl9ation 9 accordance ) rules magnetical4 ,! decl9ation ( a magnetick ne$le 9 wat] also1 z demon/rat$ 9 ! foll[+ pages1 is a fix$ quantity#bce2 ! magnetick ne$le does n desc5d to ! bottom ( ! vessel1 b rema9s /eady 9 ! middle1 rotat$ on its c5tre accord+ to its due am\nt ( decl9ation4 ,?is w\ld n happ51 if ! e>? or its poles by _! attraction drew d[n ! end ( ! magnetick ne$le1 s t x dipp$ 9 ?is way4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,vi4 ,on ! proportion ( decl9ation to latitude#bcf1 & ! cause ( x4 ,conc]n+ ! mak+ ( an in/rum5t = f9d+ decl9ation1 ! causes & mann] ( decl9ation1 & ! diff]5t degrees ( rotation 9 diff]5t places1 ! incl9ation ( ! /one1 & conc]n+ an in/rum5t indicat+ by ! influ5ce ( a /one ! degree ( decl9ation f any horizon we h already spok54 ,!n we spoke ab\t ne$les on ! m]idian ( a /one1 & _! rotation %[n = v>i\s latitudes by _! rise t[>d ! p]p5dicul>4 ,we mu/ n[1 h[ev]1 treat m fully ( ! causes ( ! degree ( t incl9ation4 ,:il/ a load/one & a magnetick iron wire are mov$ along a m]idian f ! aequator t[>d ! pole1 !y rotate t[>d a r\nd load/one1 z also t[>d ! e>? ) a circul> movem5t4 ,on a "r horizon 7j z also on ! qu9octial ( #aig ! /one7 ! axis ( ! iron1 :i* is its c5tre l9e1 is a l9e p>allel to ! axis ( ! e>?4 ,:5 t axis rea*es ! pole1 :i* is ! c5tre ( ! axis1 x /&s 9 ! same /raight l9e ) ! axis ( ! e>?4 ,! same end ( ! iron :i* at ! quator looks s\? turns to ! nor?4 ,= x is n a motion ( c5tre to c5tre1 b a natural turn+ ( a magnetick body to a magnetick body1 & ( ! axis ( ! body to ! axis2 x is n 9 consequ5ce ( ! attraction ( ! pole itself t ! iron po9ts to ! e>?'s pol> po9t4 ,"u ! quator ! magnetick ne$le rema9s 9 quilibrio horizontally2 b t[>d ! pole on ei!r side1 9 e latitude f ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ degree "r up to ! n9etie?1 x dips4 ,! magnetick ne$le does n1 h[ev]1 9 proportion to any numb] ( degrees or any arc ( latitude fall bel[ ! horizon j t numb] ( degrees or a simil> arc1 b a v diff]5t "o3 because ?is motion is n really a motion ( decl9ation1 b is 9 ,illu/ration reality a motion ( rotation1 & x obs]ves an arc ( rotation accord+ to ! arc ( latitude4 ,!re=e a magnetick body ,a1 :ile x is advanc+ ov] ! e>? itself1 or a little e>? or t]rella1 f ! qu9octial ,g t[>d ! pole ,b1 rotates on its own c5tre1 & halfway on ! progress ( its c5tre#bcg f ! quator to ! pole ,b x is po9t+ t[>d ! quator at ,f1 midway betwe5 ! two poles4 ,mu* m quickly1 !re=e1 mu/ ! v]sorium rotate ?an its c5tre advances1 9 ord] t by rotat+ x may face /raight t[>d ! po9t ,f4 ,:]e=e ! motion ( ?is rotation is rapid 9 ! fir/ degrees f ! quator1 namely1 f ,a to ,l2 b m t>dy 9 ! lat] degrees f ,l to ,b1 :5 fac+ f ! quator at ,f to ,c4 ,b if ! decl9ation 7 equal to ! latitude 7i4e41 always j z _m degrees f ! horizon1 z ! c5tre ( ! v]sorium has rec$$ f ! quator71 !n ! magnetick ne$le w\ld be foll[+ "s pot5cy & peculi> virtue ( ! c5tre1 z if x #aih 7 a po9t op]at+ by itself4 ,b x pays reg>d to ! :ole1 bo? its mass1 & its out] limits2 ! =ces ( bo? unit+1 z well ( ! magnetick v]sorium z ( ! e>?4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,vii4 ,explanation ( ! diagram ( ! rotation ( a magnetick ne$le4 ,illu/ration ,suppose ,a ,c ,d ,l to be ! body ( ! e>? or ( a t]rella1 its c5tre ,m1 quator ,a ,d1 ,axis ,c ,l1 ,a ,b ! ,horizon1 :i* *anges accord+ to ! place4 ,f ! po9t ,f on a ,horizon di/ant f ! quator ,a by ! l5g? ( ,c ,m1 ! semi-diamet] ( ! e>? or t]rella1 an arc is describ$ to ,h z ! limit ( ! quadrants ( decl9ation2 = #aii all ! quadrants ( decl9ation s]v+ ! p>ts f ,a to ,c beg9 f t arc1 & t]m9ate at ,m1 ! c5tre ( ! e>?4 ,! semi-diamet] ( ?is arc is a *ord drawn f ! quator ,a to ! pole ,c2 & a l9e produc$ along ! horizon f ,a to ,b1 equal to t *ord1 gives ! beg9n+ ( ! arc ( ! limits ( arcs ( rotation & revolution1 :i* is cont9u$ z f> z ,g4 ,= j z a quadrant ( a circle ab\t ! c5tre ( ! e>? 7^: beg9n+ is on ! horizon1 at a di/ance f ! quator equal to ! e>?'s semi-diamet]7 is ! limit ( all quadrants ( decl9ation drawn f ea* sev]al horizon to ! c5tre2 s a circle ab\t ! c5tre f ,b1 ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ arc ( rotation1 to ,g is ! limit ( ! arcs ( rotation4 ,! arcs ( rotation & revolution ( ! magnetick ne$le are int]m$iate betwe5 ! arcs ( rotation ,b ,l & ,g ,l4 ,! c5tre ( ! arc is ! region itself or place 9 :i* ! obs]vation is be+ made2 ! beg9n+ ( ! arc is tak5 f ! circle :i* is ! limit ( rotations1 & x /ops at ! opposite pole2 z1 = example1 f ,o to ,l1 9 a latitude ( #de degrees4 ,let any arc ( rotation be divid$ into #ij equal p>ts f ! limit ( ! arcs ( rotation t[>d ! pole2 = :atev] is ! degree ( latitude ( ! place1 ! "p ( ! arc ( rotation :i* ! magnetick pole on or ne> ! t]rella or ! e>? faces 9 its rotation is to be numb]$ simil>ly to ?is4 ,! /raight l9es 9 ! foll[+ l>g] diagram %[ ?is4 ,! magnetick rotation at ! middle po9t 9 a latitude ( #de degrees is direct$ t[>d ! quator1 9 :i* case also t arc is a quadrant ( a circle f ! limit to ! pole2 b previ\s to ?is all ! arcs ( rotation are great] ?an a quadrant1 :il/ aft] x !y are small]2 9 ! =m] ! ne$le rotates m quickly1 b 9 ! succe$+ positions gradually m sl[ly4 ,= ea* sev]al region !re is a special arc ( rotation1 9 :i* ! limit to :i* ! ne$le rotates is accord+ to ! numb] ( degrees ( latitude ( ! place 9 "q2 s t a /raight l9e drawn f ! place to ! po9t on t arc m>k$ ) ! numb] ( degrees ( latitude %[s ! magnetick direction1 & indicates ! degree ( decl9ation at ! int]section ( ! quadrant ( decl9ation :i* s]ves ! giv5 place4 ,take away ! arc ( ! quadrant ( decl9ation drawn f ! c5tre to ! l9e ( direction2 t :i* is left is ! arc ( decl9ation bel[ ! horizon4 ,z1 = example1 9 ! rotation ( ! v]sorium ,n1 ^: l9e respective proce$s to ,d1 f ! quadrant ( decl9ation1 ,s ,m1 take away its arc ,r ,m2 t :i* is left is ! arc ( decl9ation3 h[ mu*1 t is1 ! ne$le dips 9 ! latitude ( #de degrees4 99 99 99 99 99 #bjj ,,*ap4 ,,viii4 ,diagram ( ! rotation ( a magnetick ne$le1 indicat+ magnetical decl9ation 9 all latitudes1 & f ! rotation & decl9ation1 ! latitude itself4 ,9 ! m elaborate diagram a circle ( rotations & a circle ( decl9ations are adju/$ to ! body ( ! e>? or t]rella1 ) a fir/1 a la/1 & a middle arc ( rotation & decl9ation4 ,n[ f ea* fif? division ( ! arc :i* limits all ! arcs ( rotation 7& :i* are und]/ood#bch z divid$ into #ij equal p>ts7 arcs are drawn to ! pole1 & f e fif? degree ( ! arc limit+ ! quadrants ( decl9ation1 quadrants are drawn to ! c5tre2 & at ! same "t a spiral l9e is drawn1 indicat+ 7by ! help ( a movable quadrant7 ! decl9ation 9 e latitude4 ,/raight l9es %[+ ! direction ( ! ne$le are drawn f ^? degrees :i* are m>k$ on ! m]idian ( ! e>? or a t]rella to _! prop] arcs & ! correspond+ po9ts on ^? arcs4 ,to asc]ta9 ! elevation ( ! pole or ! latitude ( a place any:]e 9 ! _w1 by means ( ! foll[+ diagram1 turn$ into a magnetick in/rum5t1 )\t ! help ( ! coele/ial bodies1 sun1 planets1 or fix$ />s1 9 fog & d>kness4 ,illu/ration ,we may see h[ f> f unproductive magnetick philosophy is1 h[ agreeable1 h[ helpful1 h[ div9e6 ,sailors :5 toss$ ab\t on ! waves ) cont9u\s cl\dy wea!r1 & unable by means ( ! coele/ial lum9>ies to le>n any?+ ab\t ! place or ! region 9 :i* !y are1 ) a v slight ef=t & ) a small in/rum5t are com=t$1 & le>n ! latitude ( ! place4 ,) a decl9ation in/rum5t ! degree ( decl9ation ( ! magnetick ne$le bel[ ! horizon is obs]v$2 t degree is not$ on ! inn] arc ( ! quadrant1 & ! quadrant is turn$ r\nd ab\t ! c5tre ( ! in/rum5t until t degree on ! quadrant t\*es ! spiral l9e2 !n 9 ! op5 space ,b at ! c5tre ( ! quadrant ! latitude ( ! region on #bja ! circumf]5ce ( ! globe is disc]n$ by means ( ! fiducial l9e ,a ,b4 ,let ! diagram be fix$ on a suitable flat bo>d1 & let ! c5tre ( ! corn] ,a ( ! quadrant be fa/5$ to ! c5tre ( x1 s t ! quadrant may rotate on t c5tre4 ,b x mu/ be und]/ood t !re is also 9 c]ta9 places a v>iation 9 ! decl9ation on acc\nt ( causes already m5tion$ 7?\gh n a l>ge "o71 :i* x w be an assi/ance also to all[ = on a likely e/imate2 & x w be especially helpful to obs]ve ?is v>iation 9 v>i\s places1 z x seems to pres5t great] difficulty ?an ! v>iation 9 direction2 b x is easily le>nt ) a decl9ation in/rum5t1 :5 x dips m or less ?an ! l9e 9 ! diagram4 ,illu/ration ,to obs]ve magnetick decl9ation at sea4 ,set ^u our v>iation in/rum5t a decl9ation in/rum5t2 a wood5 disc be+ plac$ betwe5 ! r\nd movable #bjb compass & ! decl9ation in/rum5t3 b fir/ remove ! v]sorium1 le/ ! v]sorium %\ld int]f]e ) ! dipp+ ne$le4 ,9 ?is way 7?\gh ! sea be r\gh7 ! compass box w rema9 upright at ! level ( ! horizon4 ,! /& ( ! decl9ation in/rum5t mu/ be direct$ by means ( ! small v]sorium at its base1 :i* is set to ! po9t respective ( ! v>iation1 on ! great circle ( :i* 7commonly call$ ! magnetick m]idian71 ! plane ( ! upright box is arrang$2 ?us ! decl9atorium 7by its v]satory nature7 indicates ! degree ( decl9ation4 ,9 a decl9ation in/rum5t ! magnetick ne$le1 :i* 9 a m]idional position dips1 if turn$ along a p>allel hangs p]p5dicul>ly4 ,9 a prop] position a magnetick ne$le1 :ile by its rotatory nature con=m$ to ! e>?1 dips to "s c]ta9 degree bel[ ! horizon on an oblique sph]e4 ,b :5 ! plane ( ! in/rum5t is mov$ out ( ! plane ( ! m]idian1 ! magnetick ne$le 7:i* t5ds t[>d ! pole7 no long] rema9s at ! degree ( its own decl9ation1 b incl9es m t[>d ! c5tre2 = ! =ce ( direction is /rong] ?an t ( decl9ation1 & all p[] ( decl9ation is tak5 away1 if ! plane ( ! in/rum5t is on a p>allel4 ,= !n ! magnetick ne$le1 because x _c ma9ta9 its due position on acc\nt ( ! axis be+ plac$ transv]sely1 faces d[n p]p5dicul>ly to ! e>?2 & x rema9s only on its own m]idian1 or on t :i* is commonly call$ ! magnetick m]idian4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,ix4 ,demon/ration ( direction1 or ( v>iation f ! true direction1 at ! same "t ) decl9ation1 by means ( only a s+le motion 9 wat]1 due to ! dispos+ & rotat+ virtue4 ,illu/ration ,fix a sl5d] iron wire ( ?ree digits l5g? ?r\gh 99 a r\nd cork1 s t ! cork may support ! iron 9 wat]4 ,let ?is wat] be 9 a good-siz$ glass vase or b[l4 ,p>e ! r\nd cork little by little ) a v %>p knife 7s t x may rema9 r\nd71 until x w /ay motionless "o or two digits bel[ ! face ( ! wat]2 & let ! wire be ev5ly balanc$4 #bjc #bci,rub "o end ( ! wire ?us prep>$ on ! boreal end ( a load/one & ! o!r on ! s\!rn "p ( ! /one 7v skilfully1 s t ! cork may n be mov$ ev] s little f its place7 & aga9 place x 9 ! wat]2 !n ! wire w dip ) a circul> motion on its own c5tre bel[ ! plane ( ! horizon1 9 proportion to ! latitude ( ! region2 &1 ev5 :ile dipp+1 w also %[ ! po9t ( v>iation 7! true direction be+ p]turb$74 ,let ! load/one 7t ) :i* ! iron is rubb$7 be a /rong "o1 su* z is ne$$ 9 all exp]im5ts on magnetick decl9ation4 ,:5 ! iron1 ?us put into ! wat] & prep>$ by means ( ! load/one1 has settl$ 9 ! dip1 ! l[] end rema9s at ! po9t ( v>iation on ! arc ( a great circle or magnetick m]idian pass+ ?r\gh ! ,z5i? or v]tex1 & ! po9t ( v>iation on ! horizon1 & ! l[e/ po9t ( ! heav5s1 :i* !y call ! ,nadir4 ,?is fact is %[n by plac+ a r long magnetick v]sorium on "o side a little way f ! vase4 ,?is is a demon/ration ( a m absolute con=mity ( a magnetick body ) ! e>?'s body z reg>ds unity2 9 x is made #bjd app>5t1 9 a natural mann]1 ! direction1 ) its v>iation1 & ! decl9ation4 ,b x mu/ be und]/ood t z x is a curi\s & difficult exp]im5t1 s x does n rema9 long 9 ! middle ( ! wat]1 b s9ks at l5g? to ! bottom1 :5 ! cork has imbib$ too mu* moi/ure4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,x4 ,on ! v>iation ( ! decl9ation4 ,direction has be5 spok5 ( previ\sly1 & also 99 v>iation1 :i* is l a k9d ( dragg+ aside ( ! direction4 ,n[ 9 decl9ation su* irregul> motion is also notic$1 :5 ! ne$le dips beyond ! prop] po9t or :5 sometimes x does n rea* its m>k4 ,!re is !re=e a v>iation ( decl9ation1 be+ ! arc ( a magnetick m]idian betwe5 ! true & app>5t decl9ation4 ,= z1 on acc\nt ( t]re/rial elevations1 magnetick bodies are drawn away f ! true m]idian1 s also ! ne$le dips 7its rotation be+ increas$ a little7 beyond its g5u9e position4 ,= z v>iation is a deviation ( ! direction1 s also1 ow+ to ! same cause1 !re is "s error ( decl9ation1 ?\gh (t5 v slight4 ,sometimes1 also1 :5 !re is no v>iation ( direction 9 ! horizontal1 !re may nev]!less be v>iation ( ! decl9ation2 namely1 ei!r :5 m vigor\s p>ts ( ! e>? crop out exactly m]idionally1 i4e4 "u ! v m]idian2 or :5 ^? p>ts are less p[]ful ?an nature 9 g5]al requires2 or :5 ! virtue is too mu* int5sifi$ 9 "o "p1 or weak5$ 9 ano!r1 j z "o may obs]ve 9 ! va/ ocean4 ,& ?is discrepant nature & v>y+ effect may be easily se5 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( almo/ any r\nd load/one4 ,9quality ( p[] is recogniz$ 9 any "p ( a t]rella by trial ( ! demon/ration 9 *ap4 #b ( ?is book4 ,b ! effect is cle>ly demon/rat$ by ! in/rum5t = %[+ decl9ation 9 *ap4 #c ( ?is book4 99 99 99 99 99 #bje ,,*ap4 ,,xi4 ,on ! ess5tial magnetick activity sphrically effus$4 ,disc\rse ha? (t5 be5 held conc]n+ ! 99 poles ( ! e>? & ( ! /one1 & conc]n+ ! qu9octial zone2 :il/ lately we h be5 speak+ ab\t ! decl9+ ( magneticks t[>d ! e>? & t[>d ! t]rella1 & ! causes ( x4 ,b :ile by v>i\s & complicat$ devices we h lab\r$ long & h>d to arrive at ! cause ( ?is decl9ation1 we h by good =tune f\nd out a new & admirable 7beyond ! m>vels ( all virtues magnetical7 sci5ce ( ! orbes !mselves4 ,= su* is ! p[] ( magnetick globes1 t x is diffus$ & ext5d$ into orbes outside ! body itself1 ! =m be+ c>ri$ beyond ! limits ( ! corporeal sub/ance2 & a m9d dilig5tly v]s$ 9 ?is /udy ( nature w f9d ! def9ite causes ( ! motions & revolutions4 ,! same p[]s ( a t]rella exi/ also )9 ! :ole orbe ( its p[]2 & ^! orbes at any di/ance f ! body ( ! t]rella h 9 !mselves1 9 proportion to _! diamet] & ! magnitude ( _! circumf]5ce1 _! own limits ( influ5ces1 or po9ts :]e9 magnetick bodies rotate2 b !y d n look t[>d ! same "p ( ! t]rella or ! same po9t at any di/ance f ! same 7unless !y be on ! axis ( ! orbes & ( ! t]rella72 b !y always t5d to ^? po9ts ( _! own orbes1 :i* are di/ant by simil> arcs f ! common axis ( ! orbes4 ,z1 = example1 9 ! foll[+ diagram1 we %[ ! body ( a t]rella1 ) its poles & quator2 & also a v]sorium on ?ree o!r conc5trick orbes ar\nd ! t]rella at "s di/ance f x4 ,9 ^! orbes 7z 9 all ^? :i* we may imag9e )\t end7 ! magnetick body or v]sorium con=ms to its own orbe 9 :i* x is locat$1 & to its diamet] & poles & quator1 n to ^? ( ! t]rella2 & x is by !m & accord+ to ! magnitude ( _! orbes t ! magnetick body is gov]n$1 rotat$1 & direct$1 9 any arc ( t orbe1 bo? :ile ! c5tre ( ! magnetick body /&s /ill1 & also :ile x moves along4 ,& yet we d n mean t ! magnetick =ms & orbes exi/ 9 air or wat] or 9 any m$ium t is n magnetical2 z if ! air or ! wat] 7 susceptible ( !m1 or 7 induc$ by !m2 = ! =ms are only effus$ & really subsi/ :5 magnetick sub/ances are !re2 :5ce a magnetick body is laid hold ( )9 ! =ces & limits ( ! orbes2 & )9 ! orbes magneticks #bjf dispose magneticks & incite !m1 z if ! orbes ( virtue 7 solid & mat]ial load/ones4 ,= ! magnetick =ce does n pass ?r\gh ! :ole m$ium or really exi/ z 9 a cont9u\s body2 s ! orbes are magnetick1 & yet n real orbes nor exi/5t by !mselves4 ,diagram ( motions 9 magnetick orbes4 ,illu/ration ,a ,b is ! axis ( ! t]rella & ( ! orbes1 ,c ,d ! quator4 ,on all ! orbes1 z on ! t]rella1 at ! equator ! v]sorium arranges itself along ! plane ( ! horizon2 on ! axis x ev]y:]e looks p]p5dicul>ly t[>d ! c5tre2 9 ! int]m$iate spaces ,e looks t[>d ,d2 & ,g looks t[>d ,h1 n t[>d ,f1 z ! v]sorium ,l does on ! surface ( ! t]rella4 ,b z is ! relation ( ,l to ,f on ! surface ( ! t]ella1 s is t ( ,g to ,h on its orbe & ( ,e to ,d on its orbe2 also all ! rotations on #bjg ! orbes t[>d ! t]m9i ( ! orbes are su* z !y are on ! surface ( ! t]rella1 or t[>d ! t]m9i ( its surface4 ,b if 9 ! m remote orbes ?is fails some:at at times1 x happ5s on acc\nt ( ! sluggi%ness ( ! /one1 or on acc\nt ( ! feebl] =ces due to ! too great di/ance ( ! orbes f ! t]rella4 ,demon/ration4 ,set ^u ! in/rum5tal diagram describ$ f>!r back *ap4 #c a plate or /iff circle ( brass or t91 on :i* may be describ$ ! magnetick orbes1 z 9 ! diagram above2 & 9 ! middle let a hole be made accord+ to ! size ( ! t]rella1 s t ! plate may lie ev5ly on ! wood ab\t ! middle ( ! t]rella on a m]idional circle4 ,!n let a small v]sorium ( ! l5g? ( a b>ley-corn be plac$ on any orbe2 ^u :i*1 :5 x is mov$ to v>i\s positions on ! same circle1 x w always pay reg>d to ! dim5sions ( t orbe1 n to ^? ( ! /one2 z is %[n 9 ! diagram ( ! effus$ magnetick =ms4 ,:ile "s assign occult & hidd5 virtues ( sub/ances1 o!rs a prop]ty ( matt]1 z ! causes ( ! wond]ful magnetical effects2 we h discov]$ ! prim>y sub/antive =m ( globes1 n f a conjectural %ad[ ( ! tru? ( reasons v>i\sly controv]t$2 b we h laid hold ( ! true effici5t cause1 z f _m o!r demon/rations1 s also f ?is mo/ c]ta9 diagram ( magnetick =ces effus$ by ! =m4 ,?\gh ?is 7! =m7 has n be5 br\ght "u any ( our s5ses1 & on t acc\nt is ! less p]ceiv$ by ! intellect1 x n[ appe>s manife/ & conspicu\s ev5 to ! eyes ?r\gh ?is ess5tial activity :i* proce$s f x z light f a lamp4 ,& "h x mu/ be not$ t a magnetick ne$le1 mov$ on ! top ( ! e>? or ( a t]rella or ( ! effus$ orbes1 makes two complete rotations 9 "o circuit ( its c5tre1 l "s epicycle ab\t its orbit4 99 99 99 99 99 #bjh ,,*ap4 ,,xii4 ,magnetick =ce is animate1 or imitates life2 & 9 _m ?+s surpasses human life1 :ile ?is is b\nd up 9 ! organick body4 ,a load/one is a wond]ful ?+ 9 v _m exp]im5ts1 & l a liv+ creature4 ,& "o ( its rem>kable virtues is t :i* ! anci5ts consid]$ to be a liv+ s\l 9 ! sky1 9 ! globes & 9 ! />s1 9 ! sun & 9 ! moon4 ,= !y suspect$ t su* v>i\s motions c\ld n arise )\t a div9e & animate nature1 imm5se bodies turn$ ab\t 9 fix$ times1 & wond]ful p[]s infus$ into o!r bodies2 :]eby ! :ole univ]se fl\ri%es 9 mo/ beautiful v>iety1 ?r\gh ?is prim>y =m ( ! globes !mselves4 ,! anci5ts1 z ,?ales1 ,h]aclitus1 ,anaxagoras1 ,ar*elaus1 ,py?agoras1 ,emp$ocles1 ,p>m5ides1 ,plato1 & all ! ,platoni/s1 & n only ! old] ,greeks1 b ! ,egyptians & ,*aldans1 seek = "s univ]sal life 9 ! univ]se1 & affirm t ! :ole univ]se is end[$ ) life4 ,ari/otle affirms t n ! :ole univ]se is animate1 b only ! sky2 b he ma9ta9s t its elem5ts are inanimate2 :il/ ! />s !mselves are animate4 ,we1 h[ev]1 f9d ?is life 9 globes only & 9 _! homog5ic p>ts2 & ?\gh x is n ! same 9 all globes 7= x is mu* m em95t 9 ! sun & 9 c]ta9 />s ?an 9 o!rs ( less nobility7 yet 9 v _m ! lives ( ! globes agree 9 _! p[]s4 ,= ea* sev]al homog5ic "p draws to its own globe 9 a simil> mann]1 & has an incl9ation to ! common direction ( ! :ole 9 ! univ]se2 & ! effus$ =ms ext5d outw>d 9 all1 & are c>ri$ out into an orbe1 & h b\nds ( _! own2 h5ce ! ord] & regul>ity ( ! motions & rotations ( all ! planets1 & _! c\rses1 n w&]+ away1 b fix$ & det]m9$4 ,:]e=e ,ari/otle conc$es life to ! sphres !mselves & to ! orbes ( ! heav5s 7:i* he feigns71 because !y are suitable & fitt$ = a circul> motion & actions1 & are c>ri$ along 9 fix$ & def9ite c\rses4 ,x is surely wond]ful1 :y ! globe ( ! e>? alone ) its emanations is condemn$ by him & 8 foll[]s & ca/ into exile 7z s5seless & lifeless71 & driv5 out ( all ! p]fection ( ! excell5t univ]se4 ,x is treat$ z a small corpuscle 9 comp>ison ) ! :ole1 & 9 ! num]\s conc\rse ( _m ?\s&s x is obscure1 disreg>d$1 & unhon\r$4 #bji ,) x also !y connect ! k9dr$ elem5ts1 9 a l unhapp9ess1 wret*$ & neglect$4 ,let ?is !re=e be look$ ^u z a mon/rosity 9 ! ,ari/otelian univ]se1 9 :i* ev]y?+ is p]fect1 vigor\s1 animat$2 :il/ ! e>? alone1 an unhappy portion1 is paltry1 imp]fect1 dead1 inanimate1 & decad5t4 ,b on ! o!r h& ,h]mes1 ,zoroa/]1 ,orpheus1 recognize a univ]sal life4 ,we1 h[ev]1 consid] t ! :ole univ]se is animat$1 & t all ! globes1 all ! />s1 & also ! noble e>? h be5 gov]n$ s9ce ! beg9n+ by _! own appo9t$ s\ls & h ! motives ( self-cons]vation4 ,nor are !re want+1 ei!r implant$ 9 _! homog5ic nature or scatt]$ ?r\gh _! homog5ic sub/ance1 organs suitable = organic activity1 al?\gh ^! are n fa%ion$ ( fle% & blood z animals1 or compos$ ( regul> limbs1 :i* are also h>dly p]ceptible 9 c]ta9 plants & vegetables2 s9ce regul> limbs are n necess>y = all life4 ,nor c any organs be disc]n$ or imag9$ by u 9 any ( ! />s1 ! sun1 or ! planets1 :i* are specially op]ative 9 ! univ]se2 yet !y live & imbue ) life ! small p>ticles 9 ! prom95ces on ! e>?4 ,if !re be any?+ ( :i* m5 c boa/1 x is 9 fact life1 intellig5ce2 = ! o!r animals are ennobl$ by life2 ,god also 7by ^: nod all ?+s are rul$7 is a liv+ s\l4 ,:o !re=e w dem& organs = ! div9e intellig5ces1 :i* rise sup]ior to e comb9ation ( organs & are n re/ra9$ by mat]ializ$ organs8 ,b 9 ! sev]al bodies ( ! />s ! implant$ =ce acts o!rwise ?an 9 ^? div9e exi/5ces :i* are sup]naturally orda9$2 & 9 ! />s1 ! s\rces ( ?+s1 o!rwise ?an 9 animals2 9 animals aga9 o!rwise ?an 9 plants4 ,mis]able 7 ! condition ( ! />s1 abject ! lot ( ! e>?1 if t wond]ful dignity ( life be d5i$ to !m1 :i* is conc$$ to worms1 ants1 mo?s1 plants1 & toad/ools2 = ?us worms1 mo?s1 grubs w\ld be bodies m hon\r$ & p]fect 9 nature2 = )\t life no body is excell5t1 valuable1 or di/+ui%$4 ,b s9ce liv+ bodies arise & receive life f ! e>? & ! sun1 & grass gr[s on ! e>? ap>t f any se$s ?r[n d[n 7z :5 soil is dug up f deep d[n 9 ! e>?1 & put on "s v high place or on a v high t[]1 9 a sunny spot1 n s long aft] v>i\s grasses spr+ up unbidd57 x is n likely t !y c produce :at is n 9 !m2 b !y awak5 life1 & !re=e !y are liv+4 ,!re=e ! bodies ( ! globes1 z important p>ts ( ! univ]se1 9 ord] t !y might be indep5d5t & t !y might cont9ue 9 t condition1 _h a ne$ = s\ls to be unit$ ) !m1 )\t :i* !re c be nei!r life1 nor prim>y activity1 nor motion1 nor coalition1 nor controll+ p[]1 nor h>mony1 nor endeav\r1 nor sympa?y2 & )\t :i* !re w\ld be no g5]ation #baj ( any?+1 no alt]nations ( ! seasons1 no propagation2 b all ?+s w\ld be c>ri$ ?is way & t1 & ! :ole univ]se w\ld fall into wret*$e/ ,*aos1 ! e>? 9 %ort w\ld be vacant1 dead1 & useless4 ,b x is only on ! sup]ficies ( ! globes t ! conc\rse ( liv+ & animat$ be+s is cle>ly p]ceiv$1 9 ! great & pleas+ v>iety ( :i* ! great ma/]-workman is well pleas$4 ,b ^? s\ls :i* are re/ra9$ )9 a k9d ( b>ri] & 9 prison cells1 z x 71 d n emit immat]ial effus$ =ms outside ! limits ( _! bodies2 & bodies are n mov$ by !m )\t lab\r & wa/e4 ,!y are br\ght & c>ri$ away by a brea?2 & :5 ?is has calm$ d[n or be5 suppress$ by "s unt[>d influ5ce1 _! bodies lie l ! dregs ( ! univ]se & z ! refuse ( ! globes4 ,b ! globes !mselves rema9 & cont9ue f ye> to ye>1 move1 & advance1 & complete _! c\rses1 )\t wa/e or we>9ess4 ,! human s\l uses reason1 sees _m ?+s1 inquires ab\t _m m2 b ev5 ! be/ in/ruct$ receives by 8 ext]nal s5ses 7z ?r\gh a lattice7 light & ! beg9n+s ( k4 ,h5ce come s _m errors & follies1 by :i* our judgm5ts & ! actions ( our lives are p]v]t$2 s t few or none ord] _! actions rightly & ju/ly4 ,b ! magnetick =ce ( ! e>? & ! =mate life or liv+ =m ( ! globes1 )\t p]ception1 )\t error1 )\t injury f ills & diseases1 s pres5t ) u1 has an implant$ activity1 vigor\s ?r\gh ! :ole mat]ial mass1 fix$1 con/ant1 directive1 executive1 gov]n+1 cons5ti5t2 by :i* ! g5]ation & dea? ( all ?+s are c>ri$ on ^u ! surface4 ,=1 )\t t motion1 by :i* ! daily revolution is p]=m$1 all e>?ly ?+s ar\nd u w\ld ev] rema9 savage & neglect$1 & m ?an des]t$ & absolutely idle4 ,b ^? motions 9 ! s\rces ( nature are n caus$ by ?9k+1 by petty syllogisms1 & !ories1 z human actions1 :i* are wav]+1 imp]fect1 & undecid$2 b along ) !m reason1 in/ruction1 k1 discrim9ation h _! orig91 f :i* def9ite & det]m9$ actions arise1 f ! v f\ndations t h be5 laid & ! v beg9n+s ( ! univ]se2 :i* we1 on acc\nt ( ! infirmity ( our m9ds1 _c compreh5d4 ,:]e=e ,?ales1 n )\t cause 7z ,ari/otle relates 9 8 book ,de ,anima71 held t ! load/one 0 animate1 be+ a "p & a *oice (fspr+ ( its animate "m ! e>?4 99 99 99 99 99 #baa ,illu/ration ,,book ,,six?4 ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,,on ,,! ,,globe ,,( ,,! ,,e>?1 ,,! great magnet4 ,hi!rto our subject ha? be5 ! load/one & ?+s magnetical3 h[ !y conspire toge!r1 & are act$ ^u1 h[ !y con=m !mselves to ! t]rella & to ! e>?4 ,n[ mu/ we consid] sep>ately ! globe itself ( ! e>?4 ,^? exp]im5ts :i* h be5 prov$ by means ( ! t]rella1 h[ magnetick ?+s con=m !mselves to ! t]rella1 are all or at lea/ ! pr9cipal & mo/ important ( !m1 display$ by means ( ! e>?'s ,body3 ,& to ! e>? ?+s magnetical are 9 all respects associate4 ,fir/1 z 9 ! t]rella ! quator1 m]idians1 p>allels1 axis1 poles are natural b\nd>ies1 z num]\s exp]im5ts make pla93 ,s also 9 ! e>? ^! b\nd>ies are natural1 n ma!matical only 7z all be=e u us$ to suppose74 ,^! b\nd>ies ! same exp]im5ts display & e/abli% 9 bo? cases alike1 9 ! e>? no less ?an 9 ! t]rella4 ,j z on ! p]iph]y ( a t]rella a load/one or a magnetick piece ( iron is direct$ to its prop] pole3 s on ! e>?'s surface are !re turn+s-ab\t1 peculi>1 manife/1 & con/ant on ei!r side ( ! quator4 ,iron is indu$ ) v]ticity by be+ ext5d$ t[>d a pole ( ! e>?1 j z t[>d a pole ( ! t]rella3 ,by its be+ plac$ d[n also1 & cool+ t[>d ! e>?'s pole aft] ! pri/9e v]ticity has #bab be5 annull$ by fire1 x acquires new v]ticity1 con=mable to its position e>?w>d4 ,iron rods also1 :5 plac$ "s consid]able "t t[>d ! poles1 acquire v]ticity m]ely by reg>d+ ! e>?2 j z ! same rods1 if plac$ t[>d ! pole ( a load/one1 ev5 )\t t\*+ x1 receive pol> virtue4 ,!re is no magnetick body t 9 any way runs to ! t]rella :i* does n also wait ^u ! e>?4 ,z a load/one is /rong] at "o end on "o side or o!r#bdj ( its quator3 s is ! same prop]ty display$ by a small t]rella ^u ! surface ( a l>g] t]rella4 ,accord+ to ! v>iety & arti/ick skill 9 ! rubb+ ( ! magnetick iron ^u ! t]rella1 s d ! magnetick ?+s p]=m _! function m effici5tly or m feebly4 ,9 motions t[>d ! e>?'s body1 z t[>d ! t]rella a v>iation is display$ due to ! unlik5ess1 inequality1 & imp]fection ( its em95ces3 ,s e v>iation ( ! v]sorium or m>9]s' compass1 ev]y:]e by l& or by sea1 :i* ?+ has s sorely di/urb$ m5's m9ds1 is disc]n$ & recogniz$ z due to ! same causes4 ,! magnetick dip 7:i* is ! wond]ful turn+ ( magnetick ?+s to ! body ( ! t]rella7 9 sy/ematick c\rse1 is se5 9 cle>] light to be ! same ?+ ^u ! e>?4 ,& t s+le exp]im5t1 by a wond]ful indication1 z ) a f+]1 proclaims ! gr& magnetick nature ( ! e>? to be innate & diffus$ ?r\gh all h] inw>d p>ts4 ,a magnetick vig\r exi/s !n 9 ! e>? j z 9 ! t]rella1 :i* is a "p ( ! e>?1 homog5ic 9 nature ) x1 b r\nd$ by ,art1 s z to correspond ) ! e>?'s glob\s %ape & 9 ord] t 9 ! *ief exp]im5ts x might accord ) ! globe ( ! e>?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,! ,magnetick axis ( ! ,e>? p]si/s inv>iable4 ,z 9 ! v fir/ beg9n+s ( ! mov+ _w1 ! e>?'s magnetick axis pass$ ?r\gh ! mid/ ( ! e>?3 s n[ x t5ds ?r\gh ! c5tre to ! same po9ts ( ! sup]ficies2 ! circle & plane ( ! qu9octial l9e also p]si/+4 ,= n )\t ! va/e/ ov]?r[ ( ! t]r5e mass c ^! natural b\nd>ies be *ang$1 z x is easy to ga!r f magnetick demon/rations4 ,:]=e ! op9ion ( ,dom9icus ,m>ia ( ,f]r>a1 a mo/ tal5t$ man1 :o 0 ! tea*] ( ,nicolas ,cop]nicus1 mu/ be cancell$2 a view #bac :i*1 accord+ to c]ta9 obs]vations ( 8 own1 is z foll[s4#bda ,i1 he says1 9 =m] ye>s :ile /udy+ ,ptolemy's ,geographia discov]$ t ! elevations ( ! ,nor? pole plac$ by him 9 ! sev]al regions1 fall %ort ( :at !y are 9 our "t by "o degree & t5 m9utes3 :i* div]g5ce c by no means be ascrib$ to an error ( ! tables3 ,= x is n cr$ible t ! :ole s]ies 9 ! book is equally wrong 9 ! figures ( ! tables3 ,h5ce x is necess>y to all[ t ! ,nor? pole has be5 tilt$ t[>d ! v]tical po9t4 ,accord+ly a l5g?y obs]vation has already begun to disclose to u ?+s hidd5 f our =efa!rs2 n inde$ ?r\gh any slo? ( !irs1 b because !y lack$ ! prolong$ obs]vation ( _! pr$ecessors3 ,= be=e ,ptolemy v few places 7 obs]v$ ) reg>d to ! elevations ( ! pole1 z he himself also be>s witness at ! beg9n+ ( 8 ,cosmographia3 7,=1 says he7 ,hipp>*us alone ha? h&$ d[n to u ! latitudes ( a few places1 b a good _m h not$ ^? ( di/ances2 especially ^? :i* lie t[>d sunrise or sunset 7 receiv$ by "s g5]al tradition1 n ow+ to any slo? on ! "p ( au?ors !mselves1 b to ! fact t !re 0 z yet no practice ( m exact ma!maticks4 ',tis accord+ly no wond]1 if our pr$ecessors did n m>k ?is v sl[ motion3 ,= 9 "o ?\s& & sev5ty ye>s x %[s itself to be displac$ sc>ce "o degree t[>d ! apex ( dwell]s ^u ! e>?4 ,! /rait ( ,gibralt> %[s ?is1 :]e 9 ,ptolemy's "t ! ,nor? pole appe>s elevat$ #cf degrees & a qu>t] f ! ,horizon3 :]eas n[ x is #cg & two-fif?s4 ,! l div]g5ce is also %[n at ,leucopetra 9 ,calabria1 & at p>ticul> spots 9 ,italy1 namely ^? :i* h n *ang$ f ,ptolemy's "t to our own4 ,& s by reason ( ?is movem5t1 places n[ inhabit$ w "s day become des]t$1 :ile ^? regions :i* are n[ p>*$ at ! torrid zone w1 ?\gh long h5ce1 be r$uc$ to our temp] ( climate4 ,?us1 z 9 a c\rse ( ?ree hundr$ & n9ety five ?\s&s ( ye>s1 is t v sl[ movem5t complet$4 ,?us1 accord+ to ^! obs]vations ( ,dom9icus ,m>ia1 ! ,nor? pole is at a high] elevation1 & ! latitudes ( places are great] ?an =m]ly2 :5ce he argues a *ange ( latitudes4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 ,/adius1 tak+ j ! contr>y view1 proves by obs]vations t ! latitudes h decreas$4 ,= he says3 ,! latitude ( ,rome 9 ,ptolemy's ,geographia is #da degrees #b_/c3 & t y may n suppose any error ( reckon+ to h crept 9 on ! "p ( ,ptolemy1 on ! day ( ! qu9ox 9 ! city ( ,rome1 ! n9? "p ( ! gnomon ( ! sun-dial is lack+ 9 %ad[1 z ,pl9y relates & ,vitruvius witnesse? 9 8 n9? book4 ,b ! obs]vation ( mod]ns 7accord+ to ,erasmus ,rhe9holdus7 gives ! same 9 our "t z #da degrees ) a six?3 s t y are 9 d\bt z to half ( "o degree 9 #bad ! c5tre ( ! _w1 :e!r y %[ x to h decreas$ by ! e>?'s obliquity ( motion4 ,"o may see !n h[ f inexact obs]vations m5 ra%ly conceive new & contradictory op9ions & imag9e absurd motions ( ! me*anism ( ! e>?4 ,= s9ce ,ptolemy only receiv$ c]ta9 latitudes f ,hipp>*us1 & did n 9 v _m places make ! obs]vations himself2 x is likely t he himself1 kn[+ ! position ( ! places1 =m$ 8 e/imate ( ! latitude ( cities f probable conjecture only1 & !n plac$ x 9 ! maps4 ,?us "o may see1 9 ! case ( our own ,brita91 t ! latitudes ( cities are wrong by two or ?ree degrees1 z exp]i5ce tea*es4 ,:]e=e all ! less %\ld we f ^? mi/akes inf] a new motion1 or let ! noble magnetick nature ( ! e>? be debas$ = an op9ion s lightly conceiv$4 ,moreov]1 ^? mi/akes crept ! m readily into geography1 f ! fact t ! magnetick virtue 0 utt]ly unkn[n to ^? geograph]s4 ,besides1 obs]vations ( latitudes _c be made suffici5tly exactly1 except by exp]ts1 us+ also f9] in/rum5ts1 & tak+ into acc\nt ! refraction ( ! lights4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,iii4 ,on ! magnetick diurnal revolution ( ! ,e>?'s globe1 z a probable ass]tion aga9/ ! "t-hon\r$ op9ion ( a ,primum ,mobile4 ,among ! anci5ts ,h]aclides ( ,pontus & ,ecphantus1 aft]w>ds ! ,py?agoreans1 z ,nicetas ( ,syracuse & ,ari/>*us ( ,samos1 & "s o!rs 7z x seems71 us$ to ?9k t ! e>? moves1 & t ! />s set by ! int]position ( ! e>? & rose by h] retirem5t4 ,9 fact !y set ! e>? mov+ & make h] revolve ar\nd h] axis f we/ to ea/1 l a :eel turn+ on its axle4 ,philolaus ! ,py?agorean#bdb w\ld h ! e>? to be "o ( ! />s1 & believ$ t x turn$ 9 an oblique circle ar\nd fire1 j z ! sun & moon h _! own c\rses4 ,he 0 a di/+ui%$ ma!matician1 & a mo/ able inve/igator ( nature4 ,b aft] ,philosophy became a subject treat$ ( by v _m & 0 popul>iz$1 !ories adapt$ to ! vulg> intellig5ce or bas$ on sophi/ical subtility occupi$ ! m9ds ( mo/ m51 & prevail$ l a torr5t1 ! multitude cons5t+4 ,!reupon _m valuable discov]ies ( ! anci5ts 7 reject$1 & 7 dismiss$ to p]i% 9 bani%m5t2 or at lea/ by n be+ fur!r cultivat$ & develop$ became obsolete4 ,s t ,cop]nicus#bdc 7among lat] discov]]s1 a man mo/ des]v+ ( lit]>y hon\r7 is ! fir/ :o attempt$ to illu/rate ! ,greek3 pha9om5a ( #bae mov+ bodies by new hypo!ses3 & ^! demon/rations ( reasons o!rs ei!r foll[ or obs]ve 9 ord] t !y may m surely discov] ! phnom5al h>mony ( ! movem5ts2 be+ m5 ( ! highe/ atta9m5ts 9 e k9d ( le>n+4 ,?us suppos$ & imag9>y orbs ( ,ptolemy & o!rs = f9d+ ! times & p]iods ( ! motions are n necess>ily to be admitt$ to ! physical inquiries ( philosoph]s4 ,x is !n an anci5t op9ion & "o t has come d[n f old times1 b is n[ augm5t$ by important consid]ations t ! :ole e>? rotates ) a daily revolution 9 ! space ( #bd h\rs4 ,well !n1 s9ce we see ! ,sun & ,moon & o!r planets & ! glory ( all ! />s approa* & retire )9 ! space ( "o natural day1 ei!r ! ,e>? h]self mu/ ne$s be set 9 motion ) a diurnal movem5t f ,we/ to ,ea/1 or ! :ole heav5 & ! re/ ( nature f ,ea/ to ,we/4 ,b1 9 ! fir/ place1 x is n likely t ! highe/ heav5 & all ^? visible spl5d\rs ( ! fix$ />s are impell$ along t mo/ rapid & useless c\rse4 ,besides1 :o is ! ,ma/] :o has ev] made out t ! />s :i* we call fix$ are 9 "o & ! same sph]e1 or has e/abli%$ by reason+ t !re are any real &1 z x 71 adamant9e sphres8 ,no "o has ev] prov$ ?is z a fact2 nor is !re a d\bt b t j z ! planets are at unequal di/ances f ! e>?1 #bdds are ^? va/ & multitud9\s lights sep>at$ f ! ,e>? by v>y+ & v remote altitudes2 !y are n set 9 any sphrick frame or firmam5t 7z is feign$71 nor 9 any vault$ body3 accord+ly ! int]vals ( "s are f _! unfa?omable di/ance matt] ( op9ion r ?an ( v]ification2 o!rs d mu* exce$ !m & are v f> remote1 & ^! be+ locat$ 9 ! heav5 at v>y+ di/ances1 ei!r 9 ! ?9ne/ !r or 9 t mo/ subtile qu9tess5ce1 or 9 ! void3 h[ are !y to rema9 9 _! position dur+ su* a mighty swirl ( ! va/ orbe ( su* unc]ta9 sub/ance4 ,!re h be5 obs]v$ by a/ronom]s #ajbb />s2 besides ^!1 numb]less o!rs are visible1 "s inde$ fa9t to our s5ses1 9 ! case ( o!rs our s5se is dim & !y are h>dly p]ceiv$ & only by exceptionally ke5 eyes1 & !re is no "o gift$ ) excell5t sight :o does n :5 ! ,moon is d>k & ! air at its r>e/1 disc]n numb]s & numb]s dim & wav]+ ) m9ute lights on acc\nt ( ! great di/ance3 h5ce x is cr$ible bo? t ^! are _m & t !y are nev] all includ$ 9 any range ( vision4 ,h[ immeasurable !n mu/ be ! space :i* /ret*es to ^? remote/ ( fix$ />s6 ,h[ va/ & imm5se ! dep? ( t imag9>y sph]e6 ,h[ f> remov$ f ! ,e>? mu/ ! mo/ widely sep>at$ />s be & at a di/ance transc5d+ all sight1 all skill & ?\ght6 ,h[ mon/r\s !n su* a motion #baf w\ld be6 ,x is evid5t !n t all ! heav5ly bodies set z if 9 de/9$ places are !re =m$ into sphres1 t !y t5d to _! own c5tres1 & t r\nd !m !re is a conflu5ce ( all _! p>ts4 ,& if !y h motion1 t motion w r be t ( ea* r\nd its own c5tre1 z t ( ! ,e>? is2 or a =w>d movem5t ( ! c5tre 9 an orbit1 z t ( ! ,moon3 !re w\ld n be circul> motion 9 ! case ( a too num]\s & scatt]$ flock4 ,( ^! />s "s situate ne> ! quator w\ld seem to be borne ar\nd at a v rapid rate1 o!rs ne>] ! pole to h a some:at g5tl] motion1 o!rs1 app>5tly motionless1 to h a slight rotation4 ,yet no diff]5ces 9 po9t ( light1 mass or col\rs are app>5t to u3 = !y are z brilliant1 cle>1 glitt]+ & duski% t[>d ! poles1 z !y are ne> ! quator & ! ,zodiack3 ^? :i* rema9 set 9 ^? positions d n hang1 & are nei!r fix$1 nor b\nd to any?+ ( ! nature ( a vault4 ,all ! m insane 7 ! circumvolution ( t fictiti\s ,primum ,mobile1 :i* is high]1 deep]1 & /ill m immeasurable4 ,moreov]1 ?is inconceivable ,primum ,mobile ought to be mat]ial & ( enorm\s dep?1 f> surpass+ all inf]ior nature 9 size3 = noh[ else c\ld x conduct f ,ea/ to ,we/ s _m & su* va/ bodies ( />s1 & ! univ]se ev5 d[n to ! ,e>?3 & x requires u to accept 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! />s a univ]sal p[] & a despotism p]petual & int5sely irksome4 ,t ,primum ,mobile be>s no visible body1 is noh[ recognizable1 is a fiction believ$ 9 by ^? p1 accept$ by ! weak-m9d$ folk1 :o wond] m at our t]re/rial mass ?an at bodies s va/1 s inconceivable1 & s f> sep>at$ f u4 ,b !re c be no movem5t ( inf9ity & ( an inf9ite body1 & !re=e no diurnal revolution ( t va/e/ ,primum ,mobile4 ,! ,moon be+ neighb\r to ! ,e>? revolves 9 #bg days2 ,m]cury & ,v5us h _! own mod]ately sl[ motions2 ,m>s f9i%es a p]iod 9 two ye>s1 ,jupit] 9 twelve ye>s1 ,saturn 9 ?irty4 ,& ^? also :o ascribe a motion to ! fix$ />s make out t x is complet$ 9 #cf1jjj ye>s1 accord+ to ,ptolemy1 9 #be1haf ye>s1 accord+ to ,cop]nicus' obs]vations2 s t ! motion & ! completion ( ! j\rney always become sl[] 9 ! case ( ! great] circles4 ,& w\ld !re !n be a diurnal motion ( t ,primum ,mobile :i* is s great & beyond !m all imm5se & pr(\nd8 ',tis inde$ a sup]/ition & 9 ! view ( philosophy a fable n[ only to be believ$ by idiots1 des]v+ m ?an ridicule f ! le>n$3 & yet 9 =m] ages1 t motion1 "u ! pressure ( an importunate mob ( philosophiz]s1 0 actually accept$ z a basis ( computations & ( motions1 by ma!maticians4 ,! motions ( ! bodies 7namely planets7 seem to take place ea/w>d & foll[+ ! ord] ( ! signs4 #bag ,! common run ( ma!maticians & philosoph]s also suppose t ! fix$ />s 9 ! same mann] advance ) a v sl[ motion3 & f ignorance ( ! tru? !y are =c$ to jo9 to !m a n9? sphre4 ,:]eas n[ ?is fir/ & un?9kable ,primum ,mobile1 a fiction n compreh5d$ by any judgm5t1 n evid5c$ by any visible con/ellation1 b devis$ ( imag9ation only & ma!matical hypo!sis1 un=tunately accept$ & believ$ by philosoph]s1 ext5d$ into ! heav5 & beyond all ! />s1 mu/ ne$s ) a contr>y impulse turn ab\t f ,ea/ to ,we/1 9 opposition to ! incl9ation ( all ! re/ ( ! ,univ]se4 ,:atsoev] 9 nature is mov$ naturally1 ! same is set 9 motion bo? by its own =ces & by ! cons5ti5t compact ( o!r bodies4 ,su* is ! motion ( p>ts to _! :ole1 ( all int]dep5d5t sphres & />s 9 ! univ]se3 su* is ! circul> impulse 9 ! bodies ( ! planets1 :5 !y affect & incite "o ano!r's c\rses4 ,b ) reg>d to ! ,primum ,mobile & its contr>y & exce$+ rapid movem5t1 :at are ! bodies :i* incite x or propel x8 ,:at is ! nature t conspires ) x8 ,or :at is t mad =ce beyond ! ,primum ,mobile8 ,s9ce x is 9 bodies !mselves t act+ =ce resides1 n 9 spaces or int]vals4 ,b he :o ?9ks t ^? bodies are at leisure & keep+ holiday1 :ile all ! virtue ( ! univ]se app]ta9s to ! v orbits & sphres1 is on ?is po9t n less mad ?an he :o1 9 "s "o else's h\se1 ?9ks t ! walls & floors & ro( rule ! family r ?an ! wife & ?\ghtful pat]familias4 ,!re=e n by ! firmam5t are !y borne along1 or are mov$1 or h _! position2 mu* less are ^? confus$ cr[ds ( />s :irl$ ar\nd by ! ,primum ,mobile1 nor are !y torn away & huddl$ along by a contr>y & extremely rapid movem5t4 ,ptolemy ( ,alex&ria seems to be too timid & weak-m9d$ 9 dread+ ! dissolution ( ?is ne!r _w1 7 ! ,e>? to be mov$ r\nd 9 a circle4 ,:y does he n fe> ! ru9 ( ! ,univ]se1 dissolution1 confusion1 conflagration1 & inf9ite disa/]s cele/ial & sup]-cele/ial1 f a motion transc5d+ all ?\ghts1 dreams1 fables1 & poetic lic5ces1 insurm\ntable1 ineffable1 & inconceivable8 ,:]e=e we are c>ri$ along by a diurnal rotation ( ! e>? 7a motion = sure m congru\s71 & z a boat moves above ! wat]s1 s d we turn ab\t ) ! e>?1 & yet seem to ourselves to be /ation>y1 & at re/4 ,great & incr$ible x seems to "s philosoph]s1 by reason ( invet]ate prejudice1 t ! ,e>?'s va/ body %\ld be swirl$ :olly r\nd 9 ! space ( #bd h\rs4 ,b x w\ld be m incr$ible t ! ,moon %\ld travel ?r\gh h] orbit1 or complete an entire c\rse 9 a space ( #bd h\rs2 m s ! ,sun or ,m>s2 /ill m ,jupit] & ,saturn2 m ?an m>vell\s w\ld be ! velocity 9 ! case ( ! #bah fix$ />s & ! firmam5t2 :at 9 ! _w !y w\ld h to wond] at 9 ! case ( _! n9? sph]e1 let !m imag9e z !y l4 ,b to feign a ,primum ,mobile & to attribute to ! ?+ ?us feign$ a motion to be complet$ 9 ! space ( #bd h\rs1 & n to all[ ?is motion to ! ,e>? 9 ! same int]val ( "t1 is absurd4 ,= a great circle ( ! ,e>? is to ! ambit ( ! ,primum ,mobile less ?an a furlong to ! :ole ,e>?4 ,if ! diurnal rotation ( ! ,e>? seem headlong1 & n admissible 9 nature by reason ( its rapidity1 worse ?an insane w be ! movem5t ( ! ,primum ,mobile bo? = itself & ! :ole univ]se1 agree+ z x does ) no o!r motion 9 any proportion or lik5ess4 ,x seems to ,ptolemy & ! ,p]ipateticks t nature mu/ be disord]$1 & ! framework & /ructure ( ?is globe ( ours be dissolv$1 by reason ( s swift a t]re/rial revolution4 ,! ,e>?'s diamet] is #agah ,g]man miles2 ! greate/ elongation ( ! new ,moon is #fe1 ! lea/ is #ee semi-diamet]s ( ! ,e>?3 ! greate/ altitude ( ! half moon is #fh1 ! lea/ #eb3 yet x is probable t its sphre is /ill l>g] & deep]4 ,! sun 9 its greate/ ecc5tricity has a di/ance ( #aadb semi-diamet]s ( ! ,e>?2 ,m>s1 ,jupit]1 ,saturn1 be+ sl[] 9 motion1 are s proportionately fur!r remote f ! ,e>?4 ,! di/ances ( ! firmam5t & ( ! fix$ />s seem to ! be/ ma!maticians inconceivable4 ,leav+ out ! n9? sphre1 if ! convexity ( ! ,primum ,mobile be duly e/imat$ 9 proportion to ! re/ ( ! sphres1 ! vault ( ! ,primum ,mobile mu/ 9 "o h\r run ?r\gh z mu* space z is compris$ 9 #cjjj great circles ( ! ,e>?1 = 9 ! vault ( ! firmam5t x w\ld complete m ?an #ahjj2 b :at iron solidity c be imag9$ s firm & t\gh z n to be disrupt$ & %att]$ to fragm5ts by a fury s great & a velocity s ineffable4 ,! ,*aldans inde$ w\ld h x t ! heav5 consi/s ( light4 ,9 light1 h[ev]1 !re is no s-great firmness1 nei!r is !re 9 ,plot9us' fi]y firmam5t1 nor 9 ! fluid or aque\s or supremely r>e & transp>5t heav5 ( ! div9e ,moses1 :i* does n cut (f f our sight ! lights ( ! />s4 ,we mu/ accord+ly reject ! s deep-set error ab\t ?is s mad & furi\s a cele/ial velocity1 & ! =c$ ret>dation ( ! re/ ( ! heav5s4 ,let !ologians disc>d & wipe out ) sponges ^? old wom5's tales ( s rapid a sp9n+ r\nd ( ! heav5s borr[$ f c]ta9 inconsid]ate philosoph]s4 ,! sun is n propell$ by ! sphre ( ,m>s 7if a sphre !re be7 & by 8 motion1 nor ,m>s by ,jupit]1 nor ,jupit] by ,saturn4 ,! sphre1 too1 ( ! fix$ />s1 seems well en\gh regulat$ except s f> z motions :i* are 9 ! ,e>? are ascrib$ to ! heav5s1 & br+ ab\t a c]ta9 *ange ( phnom5a4 ,! sup]iors d n ex]cise a despotism ov] ! inf]iors2 = ! heav5 ( #bai philosoph]s1 z ( !ologians1 mu/ be g5tle1 happy1 & tranquil1 & n at all subject to *anges3 nor %all ! =ce1 fury1 swiftness1 & hurry ( a ,primum ,mobile h dom9ion ov] x4 ,t fury desc5ds ?r\gh all ! cele/ial sphres1 & cele/ial bodies1 invades ! elem5ts ( our philosoph]s1 sweeps fire along1 rolls along ! air1 or at lea/ draws ! *ief "p ( x1 conducts ! univ]sal !r1 & turns ab\t fi]y impressions 7z if x 7 a solid & firm body1 :5 9 fact x is a mo/ ref9$ ess5ce1 nei!r resi/+ nor draw+71 leads captive ! sup]ior4 ,o m>vell\s con/ancy ( ! t]re/rial globe1 ! only "o unconqu]$2 & yet "o t is hold5 fa/1 or /ation>y1 9 its place by no bonds1 no heav9ess1 by no contiguity ) a gross] or firm] body1 by no weights4 ,! sub/ance ( ! t]re/rial globe )/&s & sets itself aga9/ univ]sal nature4 ,ari/otle feigns = himself a sy/em ( philosophy f\nd$ on motions simple & comp\nd1 t ! heav5s revolve 9 a simple circle1 its elem5ts mov+ ) a "r motion1 ! p>ts ( ! e>? seek+ ! e>? 9 /raight l9es1 fall+ on its surface at "r angles1 & t5d+ toge!r t[>d its c5tre1 always1 h[ev]1 at re/ !re92 accord+ly also ! :ole ,e>? rema9s immovable 9 its place1 unit$ & compact$ toge!r by its own weight4 ,t cohsion ( p>ts & aggregation ( matt] exi/ 9 ! ,sun1 9 ! ,moon1 9 ! planets1 9 ! fix$ />s1 9 f9e 9 all ^? r\nd bodies ^: p>ts cohre toge!r & t5d ea* to _! own c5tres2 o!rwise ! heav5 w\ld fall1 & t sublime ord]+ w\ld be lo/3 yet ^! coele/ial bodies h a circul> motion4 ,:5ce ! ,e>? too may equally h h] own motion3 & ?is motion is n 7z "s deem x7 unsuitable = ! assembl+ or adv]se to ! g5]ation ( ?+s4 ,= s9ce x is innate 9 ! t]re/rial globe1 & natural to x2 & s9ce !re is no?+ ext]nal t c %ock x1 or h9d] x by adv]se motions1 x goes r\nd )\t any ill or dang]1 x advances )\t be+ =c$1 !re is no?+ t resi/s1 no?+ t by retir+ gives way1 b all is op54 ,= :ile x revolves 9 a space void ( bodies1 or 9 ! incorporeal !r1 all ! air1 ! exhalations ( l& & wat]1 ! cl\ds & p5d5t meteors1 are impell$ along ) ! globe circul>ly3 t :i* is above ! exhalations is void ( bodies3 ! f9e/ bodies & ^? :i* are lea/ cohr5t almo/ void are n imp$$1 are n dissolv$1 :ile pass+ ?r\gh x4 ,:]e=e also ! :ole t]re/rial globe1 ) all its adjuncts1 moves bodily along1 calmly1 meet+ no resi/ance4 ,:]e=e empty & sup]/iti\s is ! fe> t "s weak m9ds h ( a %ock ( bodies 7l ,lucius ,lactantius1 :o1 9 ! fa%ion ( ! unlett]$ rabble & ( ! mo/ unreasonable m5 sc(fs at an ,antipodes & at ! sphrick ord]+ ( ! ,e>? all r\nd74 ,s = ^! reasons1 n only probable b manife/1 does ! diurnal rotation ( ! e>? seem1 #bbj s9ce nature always acts ?r\gh a few r ?an ?r\gh _m2 & x is m agreeable to reason t ! ,e>?'s "o small body %\ld make a diurnal rotation1 ?an t ! :ole univ]se %\ld be :irl$ ar\nd4 ,i pass ov] ! reasons ( ! ,e>?'s rema9+ motions1 = at pres5t ! only "q is conc]n+ its diurnal movem5t1 accord+ to :i* x moves r\nd ) respect to ! ,sun1 & creates a natural day 7:i* we call a nyc!m]on#bde74 ,& inde$ ,nature may be ?\ght to h grant$ a motion v suitable to ! ,e>?'s %ape1 :i* 7be+ sphrical7 is revolv$ ab\t ! poles assign$ x by ,nature mu* m easily & fitt+ly ?an t ! :ole univ]se1 ^: limit is unkn[n & unkn[able1 %\ld be :irl$ r\nd2 & ?an !re c\ld be imag9$ an orbit ( ! ,primum ,mobile1 a ?+ n accept$ by ! anci5ts1 :i* ,ari/otle ev5 did n devise or accept z 9 any %ape or =m exi/+ beyond ! sphre ( ! fix$ />s2 :i* f9ally ! sacr$ scriptures d n recognize any m ?an !y d ! revolution ( ! firmam5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,,iiii4 ,t ! ,e>? moves circul>ly4 ,if !n ! philosoph]s ( ! common sort1 ) an unspeakable absurdity1 imag9e ! :ole heav5 & ! va/ ext5t ( ! univ]se to rotate 9 a :irl1 x yet rema9s t ! e>? p]=ms a diurnal *ange4 ,= 9 no ?ird way c ! app>5t revolutions be expla9$4 ,?is day1 !n1 :i* is call$ natural1 is a revolution ( "s m]idian ( ! ,e>? f ,sun to ,sun4 ,x revolves inde$ 9 an entire c\rse1 f a fix$ /> r\nd to t /> aga94 ,^? bodies :i* 9 nature are mov$ ) a circul>1 quable & con/ant motion1 are furni%$1 9 _! p>ts1 ) v>i\s b\nd>ies4 ,b ! ,e>? is n a ,*aos nor disord]$ mass2 b by reason ( its a/ral virtue1 x has b\nd>ies :i* subs]ve ! circul> motion1 poles n ma!matical1 an quator n devis$ by imag9ation1 m]idians also & p>allels2 all ( :i* we f9d p]man5t1 c]ta9 & natural 9 ! ,e>?3 :i* by num]\s exp]im5ts ! :ole magnetick philosophy sets =?4 ,= 9 ! e>? !re are poles set 9 fix$ b\nds1 & at !m ! v]ticity m\nts up on ei!r side f ! plane ( ! ,e>?'s quator1 ) =ces :i* are mighti] & prpot5t f ! common action ( ! :ole2 & ) ^! poles ! diurnal revolution is 9 agreem5t4 ,b 9 no turn+s-ab\t ( bodies1 9 none ( ! motions ( ! planets are !re to be recogniz$1 beheld1 or assur$ to u by any reason+ any s5sible or natural poles 9 ! firmam5t1 or 9 any ,primum #bba ,mobile2 b ^? are ! conception ( an unsettl$ imag9ation4 ,:]e=e we1 foll[+ an evid5t1 s5sible & te/$ cause1 d "k t ! e>? moves on its own poles1 :i* are app>5t to u by _m magnetick demon/rations4 ,= n only on ! gr\nd ( its con/ancy1 & its sure & p]man5t position1 is ! ,e>? end[$ ) poles & v]ticity3 = x might be direct$ t[>d o!r p>ts ( ! univ]se1 t[>d ,ea/ or ,we/ or "s o!r region4 ,by ! wondr\s wisdom !n ( ! ,build] =ces1 prim>ily animate1 h be5 implant$ 9 ! ,e>?1 t ) det]m9ate con/ancy ! ,e>? may take its direction1 & ! poles h be5 plac$ truly opposite#bdf1 t ab\t !m z ! t]m9i1 z x 71 ( "s axis1 ! motion ( diurnal turn+ might be p]=m$4 ,b ! con/ancy ( ! poles is regulat$ by ! prim>y s\l4 ,:]e=e1 = ! ,e>?'s good1 ! collimations ( h] v]ticities d n cont9ually reg>d a def9ite po9t ( ! firmam5t & ( ! visible heav54 ,= *anges ( ! qu9oxes take place f a c]ta9 deflection ( ! ,e>?'s axis2 yet 9 reg>d to t deflection1 ! ,e>? has a con/ancy ( motion ,illu/ration d]iv$ f h] own =ces4 ,! ,e>?1 t %e may turn h]self ab\t 9 a diurnal revolution1 leans on h] poles4 ,= s9ce at ,a & ,b !re is con/ant v]ticity1 & ! axis is /raight2 at ,c & ,d 7! qu9octial l9e7 ! p>ts are free1 ! :ole =ces on ei!r side be+ spread out f ! plane ( ! quator t[>d ! poles1 9 !r :i* is free f r5it5cy1 or else 9 a void2 & ,a & ,b rema9+ con/ant1 ,c revolves t[>d ,d bo? f innate con=mity & aptitude1 & = necess>y good1 & ! avoidance ( evil2 b be+ *iefly mov$ =w>d by ! diffusion ( ! sol> orbes ( virtues1 & by _! lights4 ,& 'tis borne ar\nd1 n ^u a new & /range c\rse1 b 7) ! #bbb t5d5cy common to ! re/ ( ! planets7 x t5ds f ,we/ to ,ea/4 ,= all planets h a l motion ,ea/w>d accord+ to ! succession ( ! signs1 :e!r ,m]cury & ,v5us revolve b5ea? ! ,sun1 or ar\nd ! ,sun4 ,t ! ,e>? is capable ( & fitt$ = mov+ circul>ly its p>ts %[1 :i* :5 sep>at$ f ! :ole are n only borne along ) ! ,illu/ration /raight movem5t taught by ! ,p]ipateticks1 b rotate also4 ,a load/one fix$ 9 a wood5 vessel is plac$ on wat] s z to swim freely1 turn itself1 & float ab\t4 ,if ! pole ,b ( ! load/one be set contr>y to nature t[>d ! ,s\?1 ,f1 ! ,t]rella is turn$ ab\t its own c5tre ) a circul> motion 9 ! plane ( ! ,horizon1 t[>d ! ,nor?1 ,e1 :]e x re/s1 n at ,c or ,d4 ,s does a small /one if only ( f\r ounces2 x has ! same motion also & j z quick1 if x 7 a /rong magnet ( "o hundr$ p\nds4 ,! l>ge/ magnetical m\nta9 w possess ! same turn+-p[] also1 if laun*$ 9 a wide riv] or deep sea3 & yet a magnetick body is mu* m h9d]$ by wat] ?an ! :ole ,e>? is by ! !r4 ,! :ole ,e>? w\ld d ! same1 if ! ,boreal pole 7 to be div]t$ f its true direction2 = ! ,boreal pole w\ld run back ) ! circul> motion ( ! :ole ar\nd ! c5tre t[>d ! ,cynosure4 ,b ?is motion by :i* ! p>ts naturally settle !mselves 9 _! own #bbc re/+-places is no o!r ?an circul>4 ,! :ole ,e>? reg>ds ! ,cynosure ) h] pole accord+ to a /eadfa/ law ( h] nature3 & ?us ea* true "p ( x seeks a l re/+-place 9 ! _w1 & is mov$ circul>ly t[>d t position4 ,! natural movem5ts ( ! :ole & ( ! p>ts are alike3 :]e=e :5 ! p>ts are mov$ 9 a circle1 ! :ole also has ! pot5cy ( ,illu/ration mov+ circul>ly4 ,a sphrical load/one plac$ 9 a vessel on wat] moves circul>ly ar\nd its c5tre 7z is manife/7 9 ! plane ( ! ,horizon1 into con=mity#bdg ) ! e>?4 ,s also x w\ld move 9 any o!r great circle if x c\ld be free2 z 9 ! decl9ation in/rum5t1 a circul> motion takes place 9 ! m]idian 7if !re 7 no v>iation71 or1 if !re %\ld be "s v>iation1 9 a great circle drawn f ! ,z5i? ?r\gh ! po9t ( v>iation on ! horizon4 ,& t circul> motion ( ! magnet to its own j & natural position %[s t ! :ole ,e>? is fitt$ & adapt$1 & is suffici5tly furni%$ ) peculi> =ces = diurnal circul> motion4 ,i omit :at ,pet] ,p]egr9us#bdh con/antly affirms1 t a t]rella susp5d$ above its poles on a m]idian moves circul>ly1 mak+ an entire revolution 9 #bd h\rs3 :i*1 h[ev]1 x has n happ5$ to ourselves z yet to see2 & we ev5 d\bt ?is motion on acc\nt ( ! weight ( ! /one itself1 z well z because ! :ole ,e>?1 z %e is mov$ ( h]self1 s also is %e propell$ by o!r />s3 & ?is does n happ5 9 proportion 7z x does 9 ! t]rella7 #bbd 9 e "p4 ,! ,e>? is mov$ by h] own prim>y =m & natural desire1 = ! cons]vation1 p]fection1 & ord]+ ( its p>ts1 t[>d ?+s m excell5t3 & ?is is m likely ?an t ! fix$ />s1 ^? lum9\s globes1 z well z ! ,w&]]s1 & ! mo/ glori\s & div9e ,sun1 :i* are 9 no way aid$ by ! ,e>?1 or r5ew$1 or urg$ by any virtue !re91 %\ld circulate aimlessly ar\nd ! ,e>?1 & t ! :ole heav5ly ho/ %\ld repeat ar\nd ! ,e>? c\rses nev] end+ & ( no pr(it :atev] to ! />s4 ,! ,e>?1 !n1 :i* by "s great necessity1 ev5 by a virtue innate1 evid5t1 & conspicu\s1 is turn$ circul>ly ab\t ! ,sun1 revolves2 & by ?is motion x rejoices 9 ! sol> virtues & influ5ces1 & is /r5g!n$ by its own sure v]ticity1 t x %\ld n rov+ly revolve ov] e region ( ! heav5s4 ,! ,sun 7! *ief ag5t 9 nature7 z he =w>ds ! c\rses ( ! ,w&]]s1 s does he prompt ?is turn+ ab\t ( ! ,e>? by ! diffusion ( ! virtues ( 8 orbes1 & ( light4 ,& if ! ,e>? 7 n made to sp9 ) a diurnal revolution1 ! ,sun w\ld ev] hang ov] "s det]m9ate "p ) con/ant beams1 & by long t>riance w\ld scor* x1 & pulv]ize x1 & dissipate x1 & ! ,e>? w\ld su/a9 ! deepe/ w\nds2 & no?+ good w\ld issue =?2 x w\ld n vegetate1 x w\ld n all[ life to animals1 & mank9d w\ld p]i%4 ,9 o!r p>ts1 all ?+s w\ld v]ily be frightful & />k ) extreme cold2 :5ce all high places w\ld be v r\gh1 unfruitful1 inaccessible1 cov]$ ) a pall ( p]petual %ades & et]nal night4 ,s9ce ! ,e>? h]self w\ld n *oose to endure ?is s mis]able & horrid appe>ance on bo? h] faces1 %e1 by h] magnetick a/ral g5ius1 revolves 9 an orbit1 t by a p]petual *ange ( light !re may be a p]petual alt]nation ( ?+s1 heat & cold1 ris+s & sett+s1 day & night1 morn & eve1 noon & midnight4 ,?us ! ,e>? seeks & re-seeks ! ,sun1 turns away f him & pursues him1 by h] own wondr\s magnetick virtue4 ,besides1 x is n only f ! ,sun t evil w\ld imp5d1 if ! ,e>? 7 to /ay /ill & be depriv$ ( sol> b5efit2 b f ! ,moon also s]i\s dang]s w\ld ?reat54 ,= we see h[ ! ocean rises & swells b5ea? c]ta9 kn[n positions ( ! ,moon3 ,& if !re 7 n ?r\gh ! daily rotation ( ,e>? a spe$y transit ( ! ,moon1 ! fl[+ sea w\ld be driv5 above its level into c]ta9 regions1 & _m %ores w\ld be ov]:elm$ ) huge waves4 ,9 ord] !n t ,e>? may n p]i% 9 v>i\s ways1 & be br\ght to confusion1 %e turns h]self ab\t by magnetick & prim>y virtue3 & ! l motions exi/ also 9 ! re/ ( ! ,w&]]s1 urg$ specially by ! movem5t & light ( o!r bodies4 ,= ! ,moon also turns h]self ab\t 9 a mon?ly c\rse1 to receive 9 succession ! ,sun's beams 9 :i* %e1 l ! ,e>?1 #bbe rejoices1 & is refre%$3 nor c\ld %e endure !m = ev] on "o p>ticul> side )\t great h>m & sure de/ruction4 ,?us ea* "o ( ! mov+ globes is = its own safety borne 9 an orbit ei!r 9 "s wid] circle1 or only by a rotation ( its body1 or by bo? toge!r4 ,b x is ridicul\s = a man a philosoph] to suppose t all ! fix$ />s & ! planets & ! /ill high] heav5s revolve to no o!r purpose1 save ! advantage ( ! ,e>?4 ,x is ! ,e>?1 !n1 t revolves1 n ! :ole heav51 & ?is motion gives opportunity = ! gr[? & decrease ( ?+s1 & = ! g5]at+ ( ?+s animate1 & awak5s int]nal heat = ! br++ ( !m to bir?4 ,:5ce matt] is quick5$ = receiv+ =ms2 & f ! prim>y rotation ( ! ,e>? natural bodies h _! prim>y impetus & orig9al activity4 ,! motion !n ( ! :ole ,e>? is prim>y1 a/ral1 circul>1 ar\nd its own poles1 ^: v]ticity arises on bo? sides f ! plane ( ! quator1 & ^: vig\r is infus$ into opposite t]m9i1 9 ord] t ! ,e>? may be mov$ by a sure rotation = its good1 ! ,sun also & ! />s help+ its motion4 ,b ! simple /raight motion d[nw>ds ( ! ,p]ipateticks is a motion ( weight1 a motion ( ! aggregation ( disjo9$ p>ts1 9 ! ratio ( _! matt]1 along /raight l9es t[>d ! body ( ! ,e>?3 :i* l9es t5d ! %orte/ way t[>d ! c5tre4 ,! motions ( disjo9$ magnetical p>ts ( ! ,e>?1 besides ! motion ( aggregation1 are coition1 revolution1 & ! direction ( ! p>ts to ! :ole1 = h>mony ( =m1 & concordancy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*ap4 ,v4 ,argum5ts ( ^? d5y+ ! ,e>?'s motion1 & _! confutation4 ,n[ x w n be sup]flu\s to weigh well ! argum5ts ( ^? :o say ! ,e>? does n move2 t we may be bett] able to satisfy ! cr[d ( philosophiz]s :o ass]t t ?is con/ancy & /ability ( ! ,e>? is confirm$ by ! mo/ conv9c+ argum5ts4 ,ari/otle does n all[ t ! ,e>? moves circul>ly1 on ! gr\nd t ea* sev]al "p ( x w\ld be affect$ by ?is p>ticul> motion2 t :]eas n[ all ! sep>ate p>ts ( ! ,e>? are borne t[>d ! middle 9 /raight l9es1 t circul> motion w\ld be viol5t1 & /range to nature1 & n endur+4 ,b x has be5 be=e prov$ t all actual portions ( ! ,e>? move 9 a circle1 & t all magnetick bodies 7fitly dispos$7 are borne ar\nd 9 an orbe4 ,!y are borne1 h[ev]1 t[>d ! c5tre ( ! ,e>? 9 a #bbf /raight l9e 7if ! way be op57 by a motion ( aggregation z ?\gh to _! own orig93 !y move by v>i\s motions agreeably to ! con=mation ( ! :ole3 a t]rella is mov$ circul>ly by its innate =ces4 ,besides 7says he71 all ?+s :i* are borne 9 an orbe1 aft]w>ds w\ld seem to be ab&on$ by ! fir/ motion1 & to be borne by sev]al motions besides ! fir/4 ,! ,e>? mu/ also be borne on by two sorts ( motion1 :e!r x be situate ar\nd a mid-po9t1 or 9 ! middle site ( ! univ]se3 & if ?is 7 s1 !re mu/ ne$s be at "o "t an advance1 at ano!r "t a retrogression ( ! fix$ />s3 ,?is1 h[ev]1 does n seem to be ! case1 b !y rise & set always ! same 9 ! same places4 ,b x by no means foll[s t a d\ble motion mu/ be assign$ to ! ,e>?4 ,b if !re be b "o diurnal motion ( ! ,e>? ar\nd its poles1 :o does n see t ! />s mu/ always 9 ! same mann] rise & set at ! same po9ts ( ! horizon1 ev5 al?\gh !re be ano!r motion ab\t :i* we are n disput+3 s9ce ! mutations 9 ! small] orbit cause no v>iation ( aspect 9 ! fix$ />s ow+ to _! great di/ance1 unless ! axis ( ! ,e>? h v>i$ its position1 conc]n+ :i* we raise a "q :5 speak+ ( ! cause ( ! prcession ( ! qu9oxes4 ,9 ?is argum5t are _m flaws4 ,= if ! ,e>? revolve1 t we ass]t$ mu/ ne$s occur n by reason ( ! fir/ sphre1 b ( its innate =ces4 ,b if x 7 set 9 motion by ! fir/ sphre1 !re w\ld be no successions ( days & nights1 = x w\ld cont9ue its c\rse along ) ! ,primum ,mobile4 ,b t ! ,e>? is affect$ by a d\ble movem5t at ! "t :5 x rotates ar\nd its own c5tre1 because ! re/ ( ! />s move ) a d\ble motion1 does n foll[4 ,besides1 he does n well consid] ! argum5t1 nor d 8 int]pret]s und]/& ! same4 ,greek3 t\t\ de sumba9ontos1 anankaion gigne/hai p>od\s kai tropas tn end$em5n a/rn4 7,ari/4 de ,coelo1 ii4 *ap4 #ad47 ,t is1 ,if ?is be s1 !re mu/ ne$s be *anges1 & retrogressions ( ! fix$ />s4 ,:at "s int]pret z retrogressions or regressions1 & *anges ( ! fix$ />s1 o!rs expla9 z div]sions3 :i* t]ms c 9 no way be und]/ood ( axial motion1 unless he meant t ! ,e>? mov$ by ! ,primum ,mobile is borne & turn$ ov] o!r poles div]se ev5 f ^? :i* correspond to ! fir/ sphre1 :i* is altoge!r absurd4 ,o!r lat] !ori/s suppose t ! ea/]n ocean ought to be impell$ s into we/]n regions by t motion1 t ^? p>ts ( ! ,e>? :i* are dry & free f wat] w\ld be daily flood$ by ! ea/]n ocean4 ,b ! ocean is n act$ ^u by t movem5t1 s9ce no?+ opposes x2 & ev5 ! :ole atmosph]e is c>ri$ r\nd3 ,& = t reason 9 ! ,e>?'s c\rse all ! ?+s 9 ! air are n left beh9d by u nor d !y seem to move t[>d ! ,we/3 ,:]e=e also ! cl\ds #bbg are at re/ 9 ! air1 unless ! =ce ( ! w9ds drive !m2 & objects :i* are project$ into ! air fall aga9 into _! own place4 ,b ^? fooli% folk :o ?9k t t[]s1 temples1 & build+s mu/ necess>ily be %ak5 & ov]?r[n by ! ,e>?'s motion1 may fe> le/ m5 at ! ,antipodes %\ld slip (f into an opposite orbe1 or t %ips :5 sail+ r\nd ! entire #bdi;globe %\ld 7z soon z !y h dipp$ "u ! plane ( our horizon7 fall into ! opposite region ( ! sky4 ,b ^? follies are old wives' gossip1 & ! rubbi% ( c]ta9 philosophiz]s1 m5 :o1 :5 !y essay to treat ( ! highe/ tru?s & ! fabrick ( ! univ]se1 & haz>d any?+1 c sc>ce und]/& aught ultra crepidam4 ,!y w\ld h ! ,e>? to be ! c5tre ( a circle2 & !re=e to re/ motionless amid ! rotation4 ,b nei!r ! />s nor ! w&]+ globes move ab\t ! ,e>?'s c5tre3 ! high heav5 also does n move circul>ly r\nd ! ,e>?'s c5tre2 nor if ! ,e>? 7 9 ! c5tre1 is x a c5tre itself1 b a body ar\nd a c5tre4 ,nor is x confid5t ) reason t ! heav5ly bodies ( ! ,p]ipateticks %\ld att5d on a c5tre s decad5t & p]i%able z t ( ! ,e>?4 ,!y ?9k t ,nature seeks re/ = ! g5]ation ( ?+s1 & = promot+ _! increase :ile gr[+2 & t accord+ly ! :ole ,e>? is at re/4 ,& yet all g5]ation takes place f motion1 )\t :i* ! univ]sal nature ( ?+s w\ld become torpid4 ,! motion ( ! ,sun1 ! motion ( ! ,moon1 cause *anges2 ! motion ( ! ,e>? awak5s ! int]nal brea? ( ! globe2 animals !mselves d n live )\t motion1 & ! ceaseless activity ( ! he>t & art]ies4 ,= ( no mom5t are ! argum5ts = a simple /raight motion t[>d ! c5tre1 t ?is is ! only k9d 9 ! ,e>?1 & t 9 a simple body !re is "o motion only & t a simple "o4 ,= t /raight motion is only a t5d5cy t[>d _! own orig91 n ( ! p>ts ( ! ,e>? only1 b ( ^? ( ! ,sun also1 ( ! ,moon1 & ( ! re/ ( ! sphres :i* also move 9 an orbit4 ,joannes ,co/u1 :o raises d\bts conc]n+ ! cause ( ! ,e>?'s motion1 look+ = x ext]nally & int]nally1 und]/&s magnetick vig\r to be int]nal1 active1 & dispon5t2 also t ! ,sun is an ext]nal promotive cause1 & t ! ,e>? is n s vile & abject a body z x is g5]ally consid]$4 ,accord+ly !re is a diurnal movem5t on ! "p ( ! ,e>? = its own sake & = its advantage4 ,^? :o make out t t t]re/rial motion 7if su* !re be7 takes place n only 9 longitude1 b also 9 latitude1 talk nons5se4 ,= ,nature has set 9 ! ,e>? det]m9ate poles1 & def9ite unconfus$ revolutions4 ,?us ! ,moon revolves ) respect to ! ,sun 9 a mon?ly c\rse2 yet hav+ h] own def9ite poles1 fac+ det]m9ate p>ts ( ! heav54 ,to suppose t ! air moves ! ,e>? w\ld be #bbh ridicul\s4 ,= air is only exhalation1 & is an envelop+ effluvium f ! ,e>? itself2 ! w9ds also are only a ru% ( ! exhalations 9 "s "p ne> ! ,e>?'s surface2 ! height ( its motion is slight1 & 9 all regions !re are v>i\s w9ds unlike & contr>y4 ,"s writ]s1 n f9d+ 9 ! matt] ( ! ,e>? ! cause 7= !y say t !y f9d no?+ except solidity & consi/5cy71 d5y x to be 9 its =m2 & !y only admit z qualities ( ! ,e>? cold & dryness1 :i* are unable to move ! ,e>?4 ,! ,/oicks attribute a s\l to ! ,e>?1 :5ce !y pron\nce 7amid ! laught] ( ! le>n$7 ! ,e>? to be an animal4 ,?is magnetick =m1 :e!r vig\r or s\l1 is a/ral4 ,let ! le>n$ lam5t & bewail ! fact t none ( ^? old ,p]ipateticks1 nor ev5 ^? common philosophiz]s h]et(ore1 nor ,joannes ,co/u1 :o mocks at su* ?+s1 7 able to appreh5d ?is gr& & important natural fact4 ,b z to ! notion t surface inequality ( m\nta9s & valleys w\ld prev5t ! ,e>?'s diurnal revolution1 !re is no?+ 9 x3 = !y d n m> ! ,e>?'s r\ndness1 be+ b slight excresc5ces comp>$ ) ! :ole ,e>?2 nor does ! ,e>? revolve alone )\t its emanations4 ,beyond ! emanations1 !re is no r5it5cy4 ,!re is no m lab\r ex]t$ 9 ! ,e>?'s motion ?an 9 ! m>* ( ! re/ ( ! ,/>s3 nor is x excell$ 9 dignity by "s />s4 ,to say t x is frivol\s to suppose t ! ,e>? r seeks a view ( ! ,sun1 ?an ! ,sun ( ! ,e>?1 is a m>k ( great ob/9acy & unwisdom4 ,( ! !ory ( ! rotation we h (t5 spok54 ,if anyone seek ! cause ( ! revolution1 or ( o!r t5d5cy ( ! ,e>?1 f ! sea surr\nd+ x1 or f ! motion ( ! air1 or f ! ,e>?'s gravity1 he w\ld be no less silly z a !ori/ ?an ^? :o /ubbornly gr\nd _! op9ions on ! s5tim5ts ( ! anci5ts4 ,ptolemy's reason+s are ( no weight2 = :5 our true pr9ciples are laid d[n1 ! tru? comes to light1 & x is sup]flu\s to refute !m4 ,let ,co/u recognize & philosoph]s see h[ unfruitful & va9 a ?+ x becomes !n to take "o's /& on ! pr9ciples & unprov$ op9ions ( c]ta9 anci5ts4 ,"s raise a d\bt h[ x c be t1 if ! ,e>? move r\nd its own axis1 a globe ( iron or ( lead dropp$ f ! highe/ po9t ( a t[] falls exactly p]p5dicul>ly to a spot ( ! ,e>? bel[ itself4 ,also h[ x is t cannon balls f a l>ge culv]91 fir$ ) ! same quantity & /r5g? ( p[d]1 9 ! same direction & at a l elevation ?r\gh ! same air1 w\ld be ca/ at a l di/ance f a giv5 spot bo? ,ea/w>d & ,we/w>d1 suppos+ ! ,e>? to move ,ea/w>d4 ,b ^? :o br+ =w>d ?is k9d ( argum5t are be+ misl$3 n att5d+ to ! nature ( prim>y globes1 & ! comb9ation ( p>ts ) _! globes1 ev5 ?\gh !y be n adjo9$ by solid p>ts4 ,:]eas ! motion ( ! ,e>? 9 ! diurnal revolution does n involve ! sep>ation ( h] m #bbi solid circumf]5ce f ! surr\nd+ bodies2 b all h] effluvia surr\nd h]1 & 9 !m heavy bodies project$ 9 any way by =ce1 move on uni=mly along ) ! ,e>? 9 g5]al coh]5ce4 ,& ?is also takes place 9 all prim>y bodies1 ! ,sun1 ! ,moon1 ! ,e>?1 ! p>ts betak+ !mselves to _! fir/ orig9s & s\rces1 ) :i* !y connect !mselves ) ! same appet5ce z t]r5e ?+s1 :i* we call heavy1 ) ! ,e>?4 ,s lun> ?+s t5d to ! ,moon1 sol> ?+s to ! ,sun1 )9 ! orbes ( _! own effluvia4 ,! emanations hold toge!r by cont9uity ( sub/ance1 & heavy bodies are also unit$ ) ! ,e>? by _! own gravity1 & move on toge!r 9 ! g5]al motion3 especially :5 !re is no r5it5cy ( bodies 9 ! way4 ,& = ?is cause1 on acc\nt ( ! ,e>?'s diurnal revolution1 bodies are nei!r set 9 motion1 nor ret>d$2 !y d n ov]take x1 nor d !y fall %ort beh9d x :5 viol5tly project$ t[>d ,ea/ or ,we/4 ,illu/ration ,let ,e ,f ,g be ! ,e>?'s globe1 ,a its c5tre1 ,l ,e ! asc5d+ effluvia3 ,j z ! orbe ( ! effluvia progresses ) ! ,e>?1 s also does ! unmov$ "p ( ! circle at ! /raight l9e ,l ,e progress along ) ! g5]al revolution4 ,at ,l & ,e1 a heavy body1 ,m1 falls p]p5dicul>ly t[>d ,e1 tak+ ! %orte/ way to ! c5tre1 nor is t "r movem5t ( weight1 or ( aggregation comp\nd$ ) a circul> movem5t1 b is a simple "r motion1 nev] leav+ ! l9e ,l ,e4 ,b :5 ?r[n ) an equal =ce f ,e t[>d ,f1 & f ,e t[>d ,g1 x completes an equal di/ance on ei!r side1 ev5 ?\gh ! daily rotation ( ! ,e>? is 9 process3 j z tw5ty paces ( a man m>k an equal space :e!r t[>d ,ea/ or ,we/3 s ! ,e>?'s diurnal motion #bcj is by no means refut$ by ! illu/ri\s ,ty*o ,brahe1 ?r\gh argum5ts su* z ^!4 ,illu/ration ,! t5d5cy t[>d its orig9 7:i*1 9 ! case ( ! ,e>?1 is call$ by ,philosoph]s weight7 causes no resi/ance to ! diurnal revolution1 nor does x direct ! ,e>?1 nor does x reta9 ! p>ts ( ! ,e>? 9 place1 = 9 reg>d to ! ,e>?'s solidity !y are impond]\s1 nor d !y incl9e fur!r1 b are at re/ 9 ! mass4 ,if !re be a flaw 9 ! mass1 su* z a deep cavity 7say #ajjj fa?oms71 a homog5ic portion ( ! ,e>?1 or compact$ t]re/rial matt]1 desc5ds ?r\gh t space 7:e!r fill$ ) wat] or air7 t[>d an orig9 m assur$ ?an air or wat]1 seek+ a solid globe4 ,b ! c5tre ( ! ,e>?1 z also ! ,e>? z a :ole1 is impond]\s2 ! sep>at$ p>ts t5d t[>d _! own orig91 b t t5d5cy we call weight2 ! p>ts unit$ are at re/2 & ev5 if !y 7 pond]able1 !y w\ld introduce no h9drance to ! diurnal revolution4 ,= if ar\nd ! axis ,a ,b1 !re be a weight at ,c1 x is balanc$ f ,e2 if at ,f1 f ,g2 if at ,h1 f ,i4 ,s int]nally at ,l1 !y are balanc$ f ,m3 ! :ole globe1 !n1 hav+ a natural axis1 is balanc$ 9 quilibrio1 & is easily set 9 motion by ! slight$ cause1 b especially because ! ,e>? 9 h] own place is n[ise heavy nor lack+ 9 balance4 ,!re=e weight nei!r h9d]s ! diurnal revolution1 nor influ5ces ei!r ! direction or cont9uance 9 position4 ,:]e=e x is manife/ t no suffici5tly /rong reason has yet be5 f\nd out by ,philosoph]s aga9/ ! motion ( ! ,e>?4 99 99 99 99 99 #bca ,,*ap4 ,,vi4 ,on ! cause ( ! def9ite "t1 ( an entire rotation ( ! ,e>?4 ,diurnal motion is due to causes :i* h n[ to be s\ght1 aris+ f magnetick vig\r & f ! conf$]at$ bodies2 t is to say1 :y ! diurnal rotation ( ! ,e>? is complet$ 9 ! space ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,= no curi\s art1 :e!r ( ,clepsydras or ( s&-clocks1 or ^? contrivances ( little too!d :eels :i* are set 9 motion by weights1 or by ! =ce ( a b5t /eel b&1 c discov] any degree ( diff]5ce 9 ! "t4 ,b z soon z ! diurnal rotation has be5 gone ?r\gh1 x at once beg9s ov] aga94 ,b we w\ld take z ! day ! absolute turn+ ( a m]idian ( ! ,e>?1 f sun to sun4 ,?is is some:at great] ?an "o :ole revolution ( x2 9 ?is way ! ye>ly c\rse is complet$ 9 #cfe & ne>ly turn+s ) respect to ! sun4 ,f ?is sure & regul> motion ( ! ,e>?1 ! numb] & "t ( #cfe days1 #e h\rs1 #ee m9utes1 9 sol> tropical ye>s is always c]ta9 & def9ite1 except t !re are "s slight diff]5ces due to o!r causes4 ,! ,e>? !re=e revolves n =tuit\sly1 or by *ance1 or precipitately2 b ) a r high intellig5ce1 equably1 & ) a wondr\s regul>ity1 9 no o!r way ?an all ! re/ ( ! movable />s1 :i* h def9ite p]iods belong+ to _! motions4 ,= ! ,sun himself be+ ! ag5t & incitor ( ! univ]se 9 motion1 o!r w&]+ globes set )9 ! range ( 8 =ces1 :5 act$ on & /irr$1 also regulate ea* its own prop] c\rses by its own =ces2 & !y are turn$ ab\t 9 p]iods correspond+ to ! ext5t ( _! great] rotation1 & ! diff]5ces ( _! effus$ =ces1 & _! intellig5ce = high] good4 ,& = t cause ,saturn1 hav+ a wid] orbit1 is borne r\nd x 9 a long] "t1 ,jupit] a %ort]1 & ,m>s /ill less2 :ile ,v5us takes n9e mon?s1 ,m]cury #hj days1 on ! hypo!ses ( ,cop]nicus2 ! ,moon go+ r\nd ! ,e>? ) respect to ! ,sun 9 #bi days1 #ab h\rs1 #dd m9utes4 ,we h ass]t$ t ! ,e>? moves circul>ly ab\t its c5tre1 complet+ a day by an entire revolution ) respect to ! ,sun4 ,! ,moon revolves 9 a mon?ly c\rse ar\nd ! ,e>?1 &1 repeat+ a conjunction ) ! ,sun aft] a =m] synodic conjunction1 con/itutes ! mon? or ,lun> day4 ,! ,moon's mean conc5trick orbit1 accord+ to num]\s obs]vations ( ,cop]nicus & lat] a/ronom]s1 is f\nd to be di/ant #bi & ab\t #e_/f diamet]s ( ! ,e>? f ! ,e>?'s c5tre4 ,! ,moon's revolution ) respect to ! ,sun takes place 9 #bi days & #dd m9utes ( "t4 ,we reckon ! motion ) respect to ! sun1 n ! p]iodic motion1 #bcb j z a day is "o entire revolution ( ! ,e>? ) respect to ! ,sun1 n "o p]iodick revolution2 because ! ,sun is ! cause ( lun> z ( t]re/rial motion3 also1 because 7on ! hypo!ses ( lat] obs]v]s7 ! synodical mon? is truly p]iodic1 on acc\nt ( ! ,e>?'s motion 9 a great orbit4 ,! proportion ( diamet]s to circumf]5ces is ! same4 ,& ! conc5trick orbit ( ! ,moon conta9s twice ov] #bi & great circles ( ! ,e>? a little m4 ,! ,moon ! ,e>?1 !n1 agree toge!r 9 a d\ble proportion ( motion2 ! ,e>? moves 9 ! space ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 9 its diurnal motion2 because ! ,moon has a motion proportional to ! ,e>?1 b ! ,e>? a motion agree+ ) ! lun> motion 9 a ne>ly d\ble proportion4 ,!re is "s diff]5ce 9 details1 because ! di/ances ( ! />s 9 details h n be5 exam9$ suffici5tly exactly1 nor are ma!maticians z yet agre$ ab\t !m4 ,! ,e>? !re=e revolves 9 a space ( #bd h\rs1 z ! ,moon 9 h] mon?ly c\rse1 by a magnetick conf$]ation ( bo? />s1 ! globes be+ =w>d$ 9 _! movem5t by ! ,sun1 accord+ to ! proportion ( _! orbits1 z ,ari/otle all[s1 de ,coelo1 bk4 ii41 *ap4 #aj4 ,x happ5s 7he says7 t ! motions are p]=m$ ?r\gh a proportion exi/+ betwe5 !m sev]ally1 namely1 at ! same int]vals 9 :i* "s are swift]1 o!rs sl[]1 ,b x is m agreeable to ! relation betwe5 ! ,moon & ! ,e>?1 t t h>mony ( motion %\ld be due to ! fact t !y are bodies r ne> toge!r1 & v l ea* o!r 9 nature & sub/ance1 & t ! ,moon has m evid5t effects ^u ! ,e>? ?an ! re/ ( ! />s1 ! ,sun except$2 also because ! ,moon alone ( all ! planets conducts h] revolutions1 directly 7h[ev] div]se ev571 ) ref]5ce to ! ,e>?'s c5tre1 & is especially ak9 to ! ,e>?1 & b\nd to x z ) *a9s4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! true symmetry & h>mony betwe5 ! motions ( ! ,e>? & ! ,moon2 n t old (t-besung h>mony ( coele/ial motions1 :i* assumes t ! ne>] any sphre is to ! ,primum ,mobile & t fictiti\s & pret5d$ rapide/ ,prime ,motion1 ! less does x (f] resi/ance !reto1 & ! sl[] x is borne by its own motion f we/ to ea/3 b t ! m remote x is1 ! great] is its velocity1 & ! m freely does x complete its own movem5t2 & !re=e t ! ,moon 7be+ at ! greate/ di/ance f ! ,primum ,mobile7 revolves ! mo/ swiftly4 ,^? va9 tales h be5 conc$$ 9 ord] t ! ,primum ,mobile may be accept$1 & be ?\ght to h c]ta9 effects 9 ret>d+ ! motions ( ! l[] heav5s2 z ?\gh ! motion ( ! />s arose f ret>dation1 & 7 n inh]5t & natural2 & z ?\gh a furi\s =ce 7 p]petually driv+ ! re/ ( ! heav5 7except only ! ,primum ,mobile7 ) fr5zi$ incitations4 ,mu* m likely is x t ! />s are borne ar\nd symmetrically by _! own =ces1 ) a c]ta9 mutual conc]t & h>mony4 99 99 99 99 99 #bcc ,,*ap4 ,,vii4 ,on ! prim>y magnetick nature ( ! ,e>?1 :]eby its poles are p>t$ f ! poles ( ! ,ecliptick4 ,prim>ily hav+ %[n ! mann] & causes ( ! diurnal revolution ( ! ,e>?1 :i* is p>tly br\ght ab\t f ! vig\r ( ! magnetick virtue1 p>tly effect$ by ! pr-em95ce & light ( ! ,sun2 !re n[ foll[s an acc\nt ( ! di/ance ( its poles f ! poles ( ! ,ecliptick--a supremely necess>y fact4 ,= if ! poles ( ! univ]se or ( ! ,e>? rema9$ fa/ at ! poles ( ! ,zodiack1 !n ! quator ( ! ,e>? w\ld lie exactly b5ea? ! l9e ( ! ,ecliptick1 & !re w\ld be no v>iation 9 ! seasons ( ! ye>1 no ,w9t]1 no ,summ]1 nor ,spr+1 nor ,autumn3 b "o & ! same inv>iable aspect ( ?+s w\ld cont9ue4 ,! direction ( ! axis ( ! ,e>? has rec$$ !re=e f ! pole ( ! ,zodiack 7= la/+ good7 j s f> z is suffici5t = ! g5]ation & v>iety ( ?+s4 ,accord+ly ! decl9ation ( ! tropicks & ! incl9ation ( ! ,e>?'s pole rema9 p]petually 9 ! tw5ty-f\r? degree2 ?\gh n[ only #bc degrees #bh m9utes are c\nt$2 or1 z o!rs make out1 #bi m9utes3 ,b once x 0 #bc degrees #eb m9utes1 :i* are ! extreme limits ( ! decl9ations hi!rto obs]v$4 ,& t has be5 prud5tly orda9$ by nature1 & is arrang$ by ! prim>y excell5ce ( ! ,e>?4 ,= if ^? poles 7( ! ,e>? & ! ,ecliptick7 7 to be p>t$ by a mu* great] di/ance1 !n :5 ! ,sun approa*$ ! tropick1 all ?+s 9 ! o!r des]t$ "p ( ! globe1 9 "s high] latitude1 w\ld be desolate & 7by reason ( ! too prolong$ abs5ce ( ! ,sun7 br\ght to de/ruction4 ,z x is1 h[ev]1 all is s proportion$ t ! :ole t]re/rial globe has its own v>y+ seasons 9 succession1 & alt]nations ( condition1 appropriate & ne$ful3 ei!r f ! m direct & v]tical radiation ( light1 or f its increas$ t>riance above ! horizon4 ,ar\nd ^! poles ( ! ,ecliptick ! direction ( ! poles ( ! ,e>? is borne3 & by ?is motion ! prcession ( ! qu9oxes is app>5t to u4 99 99 99 99 99 #bcd ,,*ap4 ,,viii4 ,on ! ,prcession ( ! qu9oxes1 f ! magnetick motion ( ! poles ( ! ,e>?1 9 ! ,arctick & ,ant>ctick circle ( ! ,zodiack4 ,primitive ma!maticians1 s9ce !y did n pay att5tion to ! inequlities ( ! ye>s1 made no di/9ction betwe5 ! qu9octial1 or sol/itial revolv+ ye>1 & t :i* is tak5 f "s "o ( ! fix$ />s4 ,ev5 ! ,olympick ye>s1 :i* !y us$ to reckon f ! ris+ ( ! dog/>1 !y ?\ght to be ! same z ^? c\nt$ f ! sol/ice4 ,hipp>*us ( ,rhodes 0 ! fir/ to call att5tion to ! fact t ^! diff] f ea* o!r1 & discov]$ t ! ye> 0 long] :5 measur$ by ! fix$ />s ?an by ! qu9ox or sol/ice3 :5ce he suppos$ t !re 0 9 ! fix$ />s also "s motion 9 a common sequ5ce2 b v sl[1 & n at once p]ceptible4 ,aft] him ,m5elaus1 a ,roman geomet]1 !n ,ptolemy1 & long aft]w>d ,mahometes ,aract5sis1 & sev]al m1 9 all _! lit]>y memoirs1 p]ceiv$ t ! fix$ />s & ! :ole firmam5t proce$$ 9 an ord]ly sequ5ce1 reg>d+ z !y did ! heav51 n ! e>?1 & n und]/&+ ! magnetical incl9ations4 ,b we %all demom/rate t x proce$s r f a c]ta9 rotatory motion ( ! ,e>?'s axis1 ?an t t eigh? sphre 7s call$7 ! firmam5t1 or non-mov+ empyrean1 revolves /udd$ ) innum]able globes & />s1 ^: di/ances f ! ,e>? h nev] be5 prov$ by anyone1 nor c be prov$ 7! :ole univ]se glid+1 z x 774 ,& surely x %\ld seem mu* m likely t ! appe>ances 9 ! heav5s %\ld be cle>ly acc\nt$ = by a c]ta9 inflection & incl9ation ( ! comp>atively small body ( ! ,e>?1 ?an by ! sett+ 9 motion ( ! :ole sy/em ( ! univ]se2 especially if ?is motion is to be reg>d$ z orda9$ solely = ! ,e>?'s advantage3 ,:ile = ! fix$ />s1 or = ! planets1 x is ( no use at all4 ,= ?is motion ! ris+ & sett+s ( />s 9 e ,horizon1 z well z _! culm9ations at ! height ( ! heav5s1 are %ift$ s mu* t ! />s :i* once 7 v]tical are n[ "s degrees di/ant f ! z5i?4 ,= nature has tak5 c>e1 ?r\gh ! ,e>?'s s\l or magnetick vig\r1 t1 j z x 0 ne$ful 9 temp]+1 receiv+1 & w>d+ (f ! sun's rays & light1 by suitable seasons1 t ! po9ts t[>d :i* ! ,e>?'s pole is direct$ %\ld be #bc degrees & m #bce f ! poles ( ! ,ecliptick#bej3 s n[ = mod]at+ & = receiv+ ! lum9\s rays ( ! fix$ />s 9 due turn & succession1 ! ,e>?'s poles %\ld revolve at ! same di/ance f ! ,ecliptick at ! ,ecliptick's arctick circle2 or r t !y %\ld creep at a g5tle pace1 t ! actions ( ! />s %\ld n always rema9 at ! same p>allel circles1 b %\ld h a r sl[ mutation4 ,= ! influ5ces ( ! />s are n s =ceful z t a swift] c\rse %\ld be desir$4 ,sl[ly1 !n1 is ! ,e>?'s axis inflect$2 & ! />s' rays1 fall+ ^u ! face ( ! ,e>?1 %ift only 9 s long a "t z a diamet] ( ! arctick or pol> circle is ext5d$3 :5ce ! /> at ! extremity ( ! tail ( ! ,cynosure1 :i* once 0 #ab degrees #bd m9utes 7namely1 9 ! "t ( ,hipp>*us7 di/ant f ! pole ( ! univ]se1 or f t po9t :i* ! pole ( ! ,e>? us$ to face1 is n[ only #b degrees & #eb m9utes di/ant f ! same po9t2 :5ce f its ne>ness x is call$ by ! mod]ns ,pol>is4 ,"s "t x w be only degree away f ! pole3 aft]w>d x w beg9 to rec$e f ! pole until x w be #dh degrees di/ant2 & ?is1 accord+ to ! ,prut5ical tables1 w be 9 ,anno ,dom9i #aejjj4 ,?us ,lucida ,lyr 7:i* to u s\!rn ,britons n[ almo/ culm9ates7 w "s "t approa* to ! pole ( ! _w1 to ab\t ! fif? degree4 ,s all ! />s %ift _! rays ( light at ! surface ( ! ,e>?1 ?r\gh ?is wond]ful magnetical inflection ( ! ,e>?'s axis4 ,h5ce come new v>ieties ( ! seasons ( ! ye>1 & l&s become m fruitful or m b>r52 h5ce ! *>act]s & mann]s ( nations are *ang$2 k+doms & laws are alt]$1 9 accordance ) ! virtue ( ! fix$ />s z !y culm9ate1 & ! /r5g? !nce receiv$ or lo/ 9 accordance ) ! s+ul> & specifick nature ( ea*2 or on acc\nt ( new configurations ) ! planets 9 o!r places ( ! ,zodiack2 on acc\nt also ( ris+s & sett+s1 & ( new concurr5ces at ! m]idian4 ,! ,prcession ( ! qu9oxes aris+ f ! aequable motion ( ! ,e>?'s pole 9 ! arctick circle ( ! ,zodiack is "h demon/rat$4 ,let ,a ,b ,c ,d be ! ,ecliptick l9e2 ,i ,e ,g ! arctic circle ( ! ,zodiack4 ,!n if ! ,e>?'s pole look to ,e1 ! qu9oxes are at ,d1 ,c4 ,let ?is be at ! "t ( ,me?o1 :5 ! horns ( ,aries 7 9 ! qu9octial colure4 ,n[ if ! ,e>?'s pole h advanc$ to ,i2 !n ! qu9oxes w be at ,k1 ,l2 & ! />s 9 ! ecliptick ,c w seem to h progress$1 9 ! ord] ( ! signs1 along ! :ole arc ,k ,c3 ,l w be mov$ on by ! prcession1 aga9/ ! ord] ( ! signs1 along ! arc ,d ,l4 ,b ?is w\ld occur 9 ! contr>y ord]1 if ! po9t ,g 7 to face ! poles ( ! e>?1 & ! motion 7 f ,e to ,g3 = !n ! qu9oxes w\ld be ,m ,n1 & ! fix$ />s w\ld anticipate ! same at ,c & ,d1 c\nt] to ! ord] ( ! signs4 ,illu/ration 99 99 99 99 99 #bcf ,,*ap4 ,,ix4 ,on ! anomaly ( ! ,prcession ( ! ,equ9oxes1 & ( ! obliquity ( ! ,zodiack4 ,at "o "t ! %ift+ ( ! qu9oxes is quick]1 at ano!r sl[]1 be+ n always equal3 because ! poles ( ! e>? travel unequally 9 ! arctick & ant>ctick circle ( ! ,zodiack2 & decl9e on bo? sides f ! middle pa?3 :5ce ! obliquity ( ! ,zodiack to ! quator seems to *ange4 ,& z ?is has become kn[n by means ( long obs]vations1 s also has x be5 p]ceiv$1 t ! true qu9octial po9ts h be5 elongat$ f ! mean qu9octial po9ts1 on ?is side & on t1 by #gj m9utes 7:5 ! pro/aphresis is greate/73 b t ! sol/ices ei!r approa* ! equator unequally #ab m9utes ne>]1 or rec$e z f> beh9d2 s t ! ne>e/ approa* is #bc degrees #bh m9utes1 & ! greate/ elongation #bc degrees #eb m9utes4 ,a/ronom]s h giv5 v>i\s explanations to acc\nt = ?is inequality ( ! prcession & also ( ! obliquity ( ! tropicks4 ,!bit1 ) ! view ( #bcg lay+ d[n a rule = su* consid]able inequalities 9 ! motion ( ! />s1 expla9$ t ! eigh? sphre does n move ) a cont9u\s motion f we/ to ea/2 b is %ak5 ) a c]ta9 motion ( trepidation1 by :i* ! fir/ po9ts ( ,aries & ,libra 9 ! eigh? heav5 describe c]ta9 small circles ) diamet]s equal to ab\t n9e degrees1 ar\nd ! fir/ po9ts ( ,aries & ,libra 9 ! n9? sphre4 ,b s9ce _m ?+s absurd & impossible z to motion foll[ f ?is motion ( trepidation1 t !ory ( motion is !re=e long s9ce obsolete4 ,o!rs !re=e are compell$ to attribute ! motion to ! eigh? sphre1 & to erect above x a n9? heav5 also1 yea1 & to pile up yet a t5? & an elev5?3 ,9 ! case ( ma!maticians1 inde$1 ! fault may be condon$2 = x is p]missible = !m1 9 ! case ( difficult motions1 to lay d[n "s rule & law ( equality by any hypo!ses4 ,b by no means c su* enorm\s & mon/r\s cele/ial /ructures be accept$ by philosoph]s4 ,& yet "h "o may see h[ h>d to please are ^? :o d n all[ any motion to "o v small body1 ! ,e>?2 & not)/&+ !y drive & rotate ! heav5s1 :i* are huge & imm5se above all conception & imag9ation3 ,i decl>e t !y feign ! heav5s to be ?ree 7! mo/ mon/r\s ( all ?+s 9 ,nature7 9 ord] t "s obscure motions =soo?#bea may be acc\nt$ =4 ,ptolemy1 :o comp>es ) 8 own ! obs]vations ( ,timo*>is & ,hipp>*us1 "o ( :om fl\ri%$ #bfj ye>s1 ! o!r #dfj ye>s be=e him1 ?\ght t !re 0 ?is motion ( ! eigh? sphre1 & ( ! :ole firmam5t2 & prov$ by help ( num]\s ph5om5a t x took place ov] ! poles ( ! ,zodiack1 &1 suppos+ its motion to be s f> quable1 t ! non-planet>y />s 9 ! space ( #ajj ye>s complet$ j "o degree b5ea? ! ,primum ,mobile4 ,aft] him #gej ye>s ,albategnius discov]$ t "o degree 0 complet$ 9 a space ( #ff ye>s1 s t a :ole p]iod w\ld be #bc1gfj ye>s4 ,alphonsus made out t ?is motion 0 /ill sl[]1 complet+ "o degree & #bh m9utes only 9 #bjj ye>s2 & t ?us ! c\rse ( ! fix$ />s w5t on1 ?\gh unequally4 ,at l5g? ,cop]nicus1 by means ( ! obs]vations ( ,timo*>is1 ,ari/>*us ( ,samos1 ,hipp>*us1 ,m5elaus1 ,ptolemy1 ,mahometes ,aract5sis1 ,alphonsus1 & ( 8 own1 detect$ ! anomalies ( ! motion ( ! ,e>?'s axis3 ?\gh ,i d\bt n t o!r anomalies also w come to light "s ages h5ce4 ,s difficult is x to obs]ve motion s sl[1 unless ext5d+ ov] a p]iod ( _m c5turies2 on :i* acc\nt we /ill fail to und]/& ! int5t ( ,nature1 :at %e is driv+ aft] ?r\gh su* inequality ( motion4 ,let ,a be ! pole ( ! ,ecliptick1 ,b ,c ! ,ecliptick1 ,d ! quator2 :5 ! pole ( ! ,e>? ne> ! arctick circle ( ! ,zodiack faces ! po9t ,m1 !n !re is an anomaly ( ! prcession ( ! qu9ox at ,f2 #bch b :5 x faces ,n1 !re is an anomaly ( ! prcession at ,e4 ,b :5 x faces ,i directly1 !n ! maximum obliquity ,g is obs]v$ at ! sol/itial colure2 b :5 x faces ,l1 !re is ! m9imum obliquity ,h at ! sol/itial colure4 ,illu/ration ,cop]nicus' contort$ circlet 9 ! ,arctick circle ( ! ,zodiack4 ,let ,f ,b ,g be ! half ( ! ,arctick circle describ$ r\nd ! pole ( ! ,zodiack3 ,a ,b ,c ! sol/itial colure3 ,a ! pole ( ! ,zodiack2 ,d ,e ! anomaly ( longitude #adj m9utes at ei!r side on bo? ends3 ,b ,c ! anomaly ( obliquity #bd m9utes3 ,b ! great] obliquity ( #bc degrees #eb m9utes3 ,d ! mean obliquity ( #bc degrees #dj m9utes3 ,c ! m9imum obliquity ( #bc degrees #bh m9utes4 #bci ,illu/ration ,illu/ration #bdj ,! p]iod ( motion ( ! prcession ( ! qu9oxes is #be1haf gyptian ye>s2 ! p]iod ( ! obliquity ( ! ,zodiack is #cdcd ye>s1 & a little m4 ,! p]iod ( ! anomaly ( ! prcession ( ! qu9oxes is #agag ye>s1 & a little m4 ,if ! :ole "t ( ! motion ,,ai 7 divid$ into eight equal p>ts3 9 ! fir/ eigh? ! pole is borne some:at swiftly f ,a to ,b2 9 ! second eigh?1 m sl[ly f ,b to ,c2 9 ! ?ird1 ) ! same sl[ness f ,c to ,d2 9 ! f\r?1 m swiftly aga9 f ,d to ,e2 9 ! fif?1 ) ! same swiftness f ,e to ,f2 aga9 m sl[ly f ,f to ,g2 & ) ! same sl[ness f ,g to ,h2 9 ! la/ eigh?1 some:at swiftly aga9 f ,h to ,i4 ,& ?is is ! contort$ circlet ( ,cop]nicus1 fus$ ) ! mean motion into ! curv$ l9e :i* is ! pa? ( ! true motion4 ,& ?us ! pole atta9s ! p]iod ( ! anomaly ( ! prcession ( ! qu9oxes twice2 & t ( ! decl9ation or obliquity once only4 ,x is ?us t by lat] a/ronom]s1 b especially by ,cop]nicus 7! ,re/or] ( ,a/ronomy7#beb1 ! anomalies ( ! motion ( ! ,e>?'s axis are describ$1 s f> z ! obs]vations ( ! anci5ts d[n to our own times admit2 b !re are /ill ne$$ m & exact obs]vations = anyone to e/abli% aught c]ta9 ab\t ! anomaly ( ! motion ( ! prcessions1 & at ! same "t t also ( ! obliquity ( ! ,zodiack4 ,= ev] s9ce ! "t at :i*1 by means ( v>i\s obs]vations1 ?is anomaly 0 fir/ obs]v$1 we h only arriv$ at half a p]iod ( ! obliquity4 ,s t all ! m all ^! matt]s ab\t ! unequal motion bo? ( ! prcession & ( ! obliquity are unc]ta9 & n well kn[n3 :]e=e nei!r c we ourselves assign any natural causes = x1 & e/abli% x = c]ta94 ,:]e=e also d we to our reason+s & exp]im5ts magnetical "h set an end & p]iod4#bec ,illu/ration 99 99 99 99 99 #bda ,,index4 ,abano1 ,pietro di 7,appon5sis or ,apianus71 #b4 ,abbas1 ,hali 7',al ibn ,al ',abbas1 ,al ,majsi1 #b1 #f4 ,abohalis1 #dg4 ,see also ,avic5na4 aci>ium or acies1 also aci>e1 #ah1 #bc1 #cc1 #cf4 ,aco/a1 ,josephus1 #e4 adamant1 #aa4 quator1 ! magnetick1 #ac1 #gi4 ,aetius ,amid5us1 #b4 ,affaytatus1 ,=tunius1 #f4 agate1 non electrick1 #ea1 #ec4 ,agricola1 ,georgius1 #b1 #c1 #aj1 #ai1 #bf1 #aaa1 #aab4 ,agrippa1 ,h4 ,cornelius1 #c4 aimant1 #aa4 ,albategnius 7,muhammad ibn ,jabir1 ,al-,battani1 #bcg4 ,alb]tus ,magnus1 #b1 #g1 #ah1 #aaa4 ,alex&] ,aphrodiseus1 #c1 #dh1 #ib4 ,alex&ria1 ,h]o (1 #eh4 ,alfonso1 ,diego1 #agh4 ,alfonsus ! ,wise 7,alphonsus ,x471 #bcg4 ,amalfians said to h fir/ con/ruct$ ! compass1 #d4 ,amatus ,lusitanus1 #b4 amb]1 #dg1 #di-fj1 #he1 #aab1 #aaf4 ame?y/1 electrical prop]ties (1 #dh4 amian?1 #aa4 ,amid5us1 ,aetius1 #b4 amphitane1 #aaa4 ,anatolismus1 or ,nor!a/+1 #afg4 ,anaxagoras1 #fa1 #bjh4 ,&rea ,doria 7,admiral71 #d4 ,antonius de ,fantis1 #ajg4 ,antonius ,musa ,brasavolus1 #b4 ,antony1 ! d5>ius (1 #aaj4 ,apianus4 ,see ,abano4 ,appon5sis4 ,see ,abano4 ,aqu9as1 ,?omas1 #c1 #fd4 ,aract5sis1 ,mahometes1 #bcd1 #bcg4 ,ar*elaus1 #bjh4 ,ardoynis1 ,santes de1 #b4 ,arias ,montanus1 #d4 ,ari/>*us1 #bad1 #bcg4 ,ari/otle3 ,de ,anima1 #a1 #aa1 #fa1 #baj4 ,de ,coelo1 #bbf1 #bcb4 ,de ,mirabilibus ,auscultationibus1 #bb4 ,meteorologica1 #ce1 #ci4 on mat]ial ( ! metals1 #ai1 #bj4 on ! elem5t ( e>?1 #dc4 on motions1 #de1 #bai1 #bbe4 on prim>y =m1 #fe4 on ! ,primum ,mobile1 #bbj4 on animate nature ( planets1 #bjh4 armature1 #hg4 arm$ load/ones1 #hf1 #hg1 #hh1 #hi4 ,arnaldus de ,villa nova1 #b1 #g4 ,ars9oe1 ,temple (1 #b4 ,attraction1 #df1 #fj1 #fd1 #fh1 #ij1 #ih1 #aji4 ,avic5na 7,abu ',ali ,husa9 ibn ',abd ,allah1 ,ibn ,sn2 also call$ ,abohalis73 writes on ! magnet1 #b4 on fall+ masses ( iron1 #bf4 alleges load/one an antidote to iron poison1 #ce4 on ! prop]ty ( attraction1 #di4 ,augsburg]s 7,augu/ani71 !1 prescribe load/one 9 pla/]1 #cc4 axis1 ! magnetick1 #ac1 #ha1 #bab4 ,azores1 v>iation ( compass at !1 #d1 #aed1 #aef1 #afg4 ,bacon1 ,rog]1 #e4 ,bambola1 or ,bilbilis1 #bc4 ,bapti/a ,montanus1 #b4 ,bapti/a ,porta4 ,see ,porta4 ,b>b>us1 ,h]molaus1 #c4 ,b>l[e1 ,william 7,rev4 ,ar*deacon71 8 book1 ,! ,navigators ,supply1 #h4 basil leaves alleg$ n to be attract$1 #dh4 belemnites are electrical1 #dh4 ,b5cora 7,?abit ibn ,kurrah1 ,al ,h>rani2 also call$ ,!bitius71 #aag1 #bcf4 ,b5$ictus1 ,joannes ,bapti/a 7,giambatti/a ,b5$etti71 #afg4 b]yl1 electrick prop]ties (1 #dh4 ,bess>dus 7,t\ssa9cte de ,bess>d71 #e1 #aaf1 #aec4 ,blondus1 ,flavius1 ! hi/orian1 #d4 ,bor\gh1 ,william1 8 book on ! ,v>iation ( ! ,compass1 #h4 ,borrholybicum 7,nor?-nor?-we/71 #afj4 ,brahe1 ,ty*o1 #agd1 #bbi4 ,br&oe1 ! isl& (1 #aha4 ,brasavolus1 ,antonius ,musa1 #b4 ,bri/olla1 or ,bri/ol gem1 #dh4 burnt clay1 magnetick prop]ties (1 #bf1 #dc4 #bdb ,cabot1 ,seba/ian1 #d4 ,clius ,calcagn9us1 #g4 ,cs>e1 or ,ces>e1 ,giulio1 #ada4 ,calab]1 ,hannibal ,rosetius1 #c1 calamita or kalamita1 #aa4 ,calcagn9us1 ,clius1 #g4 ,camillus ,leonh>dus1 #c4 ,c&i%1 or ,cav5di%1 ,?omas1 99iij1 #aag4 cap ( iron = a load/one1 #hf1 #hi1 #ij1 #ie4 c>abe1 or k>abe1 #dg4 c>buncle1 electrick prop]ties (1 #dh1 #aaa4 ,c>dan1 ,hi]onymo1 #b4 ,de ,proportionibus3 on iron & e>?1 #dc1 #fb1 #fg4 on di/ance ( c5tre ( cosmos1 #afi4 ,de ,r]um ,v>ietate3 on fall ( meteorick iron1 #bf4 on attraction ( amb]1 #di4 on a p]petual motion eng9e1 #ajg4 ,de ,subtilitate3 alleges magnet to fe$ on iron1 #cg1 #fc1 #ib4 on magnet t draws silv]1 #aaj4 on magnetick influ5ce ( /> 9 tail ( ,ursa ,m9or1 #e1 #aaf1 #aec4 c>nelian1 !1 #ea1 #ee4 catoblepas1 ! antelope call$1 #fc4 ,ces>e1 ,giulio1 #ada4 *alybs1 #ah1 #be1 #cc4 *ato*itis1 #aaa4 *emi/s1 !1 #ai1 #bj1 #ba1 #bd1 #cg1 #ff4 ,*9a1 #d1 #h1 #i1 #aa1 #ag1 #cb1 #aai4 ,*9ocrates1 #b4 circumpulsion1 doctr9e (1 #c1 #fa4 clamps 7op5 kilns71 #bf4 clay :5 burnt is magnetick1 #bf1 #dc1 #ig4 clepsydra1 #bca4 ,coimbra1 ,college (1 #e4 coition 7mutual attraction71 #de1 #df1 #fj1 #fe1 #fg1 #fh1 #ha1 #ih1 #ii1 #ajc1 #aji1 #aca4 def9ition (1 99vj1 #fh4 orbe (1 99vj4 col\rs ( load/ones1 #i1 #aj1 #bg4 ,como1 #bc4 compass1 alleg$ inv5tion (1 by ,amalfians1 #d4 orig9 ( ! compass-c>d1 #d1 #afe4 ! m>9]s' 7pyxis71 #c1 #aae1 #adg1 #afe1 #agb4 ! little 7pyxidula71 #aha1 #bjb4 diff]5t =ms (1 ,italian1 ,baltic1 ,portuguese1 ,engli%1 #afe1 #aff1 #agg1 #aha4 conduction1 magnetick1 #he1 #ajd1 #abe4 consequ5t poles1 #abi1 #adb4 ,cop]nican sy/em1 #bca4 ,cop]nicus1 ,nicolas1 #bab1 #bad1 #baf1 #bca1 #bcg1 #bch1 #bdj4 ,cordus1 ,val]ius1 #aj4 ,cornelius ,agrippa1 #c4 ,cornelius ,gemma1 #fc4 ,cornelius ,tacitus1 #be4 corolla insorta1 or contort$ circlet1 #bch1 #bdj4 ,cortes1 ,m>t91 #e1 #aaf1 #aeb4 ,corvo1 ,isl& (1 #afg4 ,co/a1 ,filippo 7( ,mantua71 #ada4 ,co/u1 ,joannes1 #c1 #fb1 #bbg1 #bbh4 creagus1 !1 or fle%-magnet1 #aaj4 cry/al1 rock1 #dh1 #eb1 #ei1 #aaa ,curtius1 ,nicolaus1 #ce4 ,cusan 7,mi*ael ,khrypffs71 ,c>d9al de ,cusa1 #c1 #fd1 #ajh4 ,cynosure1 !1 or ,pole-/>1 #ad1 #ha1 #aag1 #bbb1 #bce4 ,dean1 ,=e/ (1 load/one f\nd 9 !1 #aa4 decay ( ! magnetick virtue1 #ah1 #cg1 #abd1 #ach1 #adi4 decl9ation1 !1 or dip1 #ahd4 d5>ius ( ,antony1 #aaj4 diamond1 an electrick1 #dh1 #ej1 #ei1 #aaa4 alleg$ p[] to attract iron1 #aji1 #aab4 alleg$ antipa?y to magnet1 #b1 #g1 #aji1 #adc4 exp]im5ts ^u1 #adc4 ,diego ,alfonso1 #agh4 ,diff]5ces betwe5 electricks & magneticks1 #dg1 #fj1 #fe4 ,dioscorides1 #a1 #b1 #i1 #cb4 dip1 !1 also call$ decl9ation1 #h1 #df1 #ahd-bjd4 dipp+-ne$le1 or decl9ation in/rum5t1 #ahe1 #bjc4 direction1 or directive =ce1 #da1 #df1 #aae1 #aai4 divid+ a load/one1 #af1 #gb1 #ajj1 #aba1 #abb1 #abg1 #acj1 #acf1 #ade1 #adf4 ,dom9icus ,m>ia ,f]r>i5sis1 #bab1 #bac4 ,doria1 ,&rea 7,admiral71 #d4 ,drake1 ,sir ,francis1 99iij bis1 #aag4 ,du ,puys 7also call$ ,puteanus71 #c1 #fc4 ,e>?1 !1 a great magnet1 #ch1 #ci1 #dj1 #da1 #dd1 #aai1 #baa4 e*5eis 7! suck+ fi%71 #g1 #fc1 #aaj4 ,ecphantus1 #bad4 effluvia1 electrical1 #eb1 #ec1 #ei1 #ff4 magnetical1 #fa4 electrical attraction1 #ej1 #ea1 #aaa4 electrick =ce1 def9ition (1 #eb4 electricks1 99vj1 #df-fj4 electrum 7,greek3 lektron71 #dg4 em]ald is non-electrick1 #ea4 em]y1 #bb1 #ea4 ,emp$ocles1 #bjh4 ,encelius 7or ,entzelt1 ,*ri/oph471 #c1 #aaa4 ,epicurius1 #fa1 #fb4 ,erasmus ,rhe9holdus1 #bac4 ,era/us1 ,?omas1 #c1 #bb4 errors 9 navigation1 #aff1 #agg4 ,evax1 ,k+ ( ,arabia1 #aaa4 ,euripides1 #i1 #aa1 #ah4 #bdc ,fallopius1 ,gabriellus1 #c1 #cd1 #ce1 #aab4 ,fantis1 ,antonius de1 #ajg4 ,f]nelius1 ,joannes ,franciscus1 #d4 ,fic9us1 ,m>silius 7or ,m>siglio ,fic9o71 #c1 #g1 #aaf #aec4 fil+s ( iron1 #cg1 #fi1 #ij1 #ia1 #ib1 #ajd4 ,filippo ,co/a4 ,see ,co/a4 fire de/roys magnetick prop]ties1 #ff1 #fg1 #ia1 #abd4 flame de/roys electrification1 #ei4 flame h9d]s n magnetick attractions1 #ff4 ,flavius ,blondus4 ,see ,blondus4 flies 9 amb]1 #dg4 =m v]sus matt]1 #eb1 #fe4 ,fra ,paolo1 #f4 ,fraca/orio1 ,hi]onymo1 #e1 #ej1 #fg1 #ga1 #ia1 #aaj1 #aac1 #aeb4 ,franciscus ,maurolycus4 ,see ,maurolycus4 ,franciscus ,rueus4 ,see ,rueus4 ,gagates4 ,see jet4 ,gal51 #b1 #i1 #cb1 #ce1 #ci1 #df1 #di1 #fa1 #fb1 #fc4 ,gallus1 ,m>bodu1 #b1 #g4 g>lick1 its reput$ antagonism to magnetism1 #b1 #cb1 #fd4 ,g>tias ab ,horto1 #cb4 ,gaud5tius ,m]ula1 #g4 ,gauricus1 ,lucas1 #g4 ,geb] 7,jabir ibn ,hiyn1 ,al-,t>susi7 #ba4 ,gemma1 ,cornelius1 #fc4 gems1 electrick prop]ties (1 #dh1 #ea4 g5it]1 #dg4 ,georgius ,agricola4 ,see ,agricola4 ,gilb]t1 ,adrian1 #aa4 ,gilgil ,mauritanus1 #ai4 ,gioia1 or ,goia1 ( ,amalfi1 #d4 ,giulio ,cs>e1 #ada4 glass1 an electrick by friction1 #dh1 #ed1 #ei4 use ( load/one 9 mak+1 #aaa4 goat's blood1 #g4 ,gonzalus ,ovi$us1 #d4 ,goropius1 ,h5ricus ,becanus1 #d4 ,grotius1 ,hugo1 #afg1 #afh4 ,haematite1 #bb1 #ea4 ,hali ,abbas 7',ali ibn ,al ',abbs1 ,al ,masf71 #b1 #f4 ,hannibal ,rosetius ,calab]1 #c4 ,h>iot1 ,?omas1 #g4 ,heat1 effect ( on load/one1 #ff1 #fg1 #ic1 #abc1 #abd4 ,helm%uda1 #afg4 ,h]aclea1 ! city (1 #h4 ,h]aclean /one1 or /one ( ,h]cules1 #h1 #dc1 #fa1 #afi4 ,h]aclides1 #bad4 ,h]aclitus1 #bjh4 ,h]mes1 #bji4 ,h]molaus ,b>b>us1 #c4 ,h]o ( ,alex&ria1 #eh4 ,hipp>*us1 #bac1 #bad1 #bcd1 #bce1 #bcg4 ,hippocrates1 #h1 #ce1 #ea1 #fa4 horizon1 ! magnetick1 def9$1 #hj4 ,horto1 ,g>tias ab1 #cb4 ,horus1 ! bone (1 or ,os ,ori1 #i4 hot iron n magnetick1 #ff4 ,hues1 ,rob]t1 #g4 ,hugo ,grotius1 #afg1 #afh4 ,incl9ation4 ,see dip4 int]position ( bodies1 #ec1 #ff1 #hc1 #he1 #hi1 #acg4 iris gem1 !1 #dh4 iron1 its nature & occurr5ce1 #ai1 #bj1 #bb1 #be4 fil+s (1 #cg1 #fi1 #ij1 #ia1 #ib1 #ajd4 its v>i\s names & qualities1 #bc1 #cc1 #cf4 its v>i\s uses1 #bc1 #bd1 #ci1 #hf1 #ij1 #ie4 m$ical uses (1 #cc1 #ce4 surpasses load/one1 #fi1 #ie4 v]ticity 91 #he1 #abc1 #aci4 iron ore is magnetick1 #ah1 #bg1 #ch1 #dc4 has poles1 #bh4 isl&s1 magnetick influ5ce (1 #e1 #aec1afa4 ,jacobus ,sev]tius1 #e4 jet1 #dg1 #dh1 #ec1 #ee1 #hf4 ,joannes ,bapti/a ,porta4 ,see ,porta4 ,joannes ,bapti/a ,montanus1 #b4 ,joannes ,co/u4 ,see ,co/u4 ,joannes ,franciscus ,(fusius1 #df4 ,joannes ,goia4 ,see ,gioia4 ,joannes ,langius1 #c4 ,joannes ,taisn]1 or ,taisni]4 ,see ,taisni]4 ,j(rancus ,(fusius1 #df4 ,josephus ,aco/a1 #e4 ,julius ,cs> ,mod]atus1 #ada4 ,julius ,cs> ,scalig]4 ,see ,scalig]4 ,k5dall1 ,abraham1 #g1 #agh4 ,korrah1 ,!bitius ,b54 ,see ,b5cora4 ,lactantius1 ,lucius1 #bai4 ,lagos1 ,rodriguez de1 #agg4 ,langius1 ,joannes1 #c4 lapis magnetis1 #h4 lapis specul>is1 muscovy /one1 or mica1 #aa1 #dh1 #eb4 latitude 9 relation to dip1 #aif1 #bjj4 ,leon>dus 7or ,leonh>dus71 ,camillus1 #c4 ,lev9us ,lemnius1 #c4 #bdd lift+ p[] ( load/ones1 #hf1 #hi1 #ig4 lily ( ! compass1 #aag1 #aeb1 #afe1 #agg4 liquids1 electrical attraction (1 #ee4 attraction on surface (1 #eg4 ,livio ,sanuto1 #e1 #aec1 #afg4 load/one arm$ & un>m$1 #hf1 #hg1 #hh4 z m$ic9e1 #cb4 9 pla/]s1 #cc4 rock1 !1 #e1 #f1 #ah1 #aaf1 #aeb4 v>i\s names (1 #aa4 col\rs (1 #i1 #aj1 #bg4 v>i\s s\rces (1 #h1 #be1 #cb4 ,london1 magnetick v>iation at1 #aed1 #afc4 longitude1 magnetick f9d+ at1 #aff4 long magnets1 advantage (1 #hb1 #hc1 #ii1 #aja ,lucania1 fall ( meteorick /ones 91 #bf4 ,lucas ,gauricus1 #g4 ,lucretius1 #b1 #c1 #h1 #di1 #fa4 ,lusitanus1 ,amatus1 #b4 ,lyns*ot51 ,hugo van1 99iiij4 ,magnes1 ,greek3 magns1 ,greek3 magntis1 #aa4 ,magnesia1 #h4 ,magnetick axis ( t]rella1 #ha1 #bab4 axis ( e>?1 #ac1 #ha1 #bab4 horizon1 #hj4 m]idian1 #gi1 #aeb4 m\nta9s or rocks1 #e1 #f1 #ah1 #aaf1 #aeb4 isl&s1 #e1 #aec1 #afa4 motions1 ! five1 #de4 ,magnus1 ,alb]tus4 ,see ,alb]tus4 ,magnus1 ,olaus1 #e1 #f4 ,mahometes ,aract5sis1 #bcd1 #bcg4 ,mahomet's tomb1 #b4 ,man>dus1 ,joannes1 #ce4 ,m>bodu ,gallus1 #b1 #g4 ,m>cellus ,empiricus1 #b4 ,m>co ,polo 7,paulus ,v5etus71 #d4 m>9]s' compass4 ,see compass4 ,m>s1 saffron ( 7,crocus ,m>tis71 #cd1 #ia4 ,m>siglio ,fic9o4 ,see ,fic9us4 ,m>t9 ,cortes1 #e1 #aaf1 #aeb4 matt] & =m1 #eb1 #fe4 ,mat?u ,silvaticus1 #c4 ,mat?iolus1 ,petrus1 #b1 #c4 ,mauritanus1 ,gilgil1 #ai4 ,mauritanus1 ,s]apio1 #b1 #f4 ,maurolycus1 ,franciscus1 #e1 #db1 #aec1 #ahj4 m$ic9al use ( iron1 #cc4 ( load/one1 #cb4 ,m$9a1 ,p$ro de1 #aff4 ,m5elaus1 #bcd1 #bcg4 m]idian1 magnetick1 #gi1 #aeb1 #afc4 ,m]ula1 ,gaud5tius1 #g4 meteorick /ones1 falls (1 #bf1 #bg4 mica 7or muscovy /one71 #aa1 #dh1 #eb4 ,greek3 mikrog4 ,see t]rella4 moi/ure /ops electrick action1 #ec1 #ef4 ,montagnana1 ,b41 #ce4 ,montanus1 ,arias1 #d4 ,montanus1 ,joannes ,bapti/a1 #b4 ,moors1 ,s]apio & !1 #f4 m\nta9s1 magnetick1 #e1 #f1 #ah1 #aaf1 #aeb4 movem5t ( trepidation1 #aag4 ,musa ,brasavolus1 ,antonius1 #b4 muscovy /one1 #aa1 #dh1 #eb4 ,see also mica4 my?s ( ! magnet1 #b1 #c1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #ah1 #cb1 #fc1 #ajg1 #aji1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aaf1 #adc1 #aec1 #bbh motions1 ! v>i\s magnetical1 #df4 ,names ( amb]1 #dg4 names ( ! load/one1 #aa4 names giv5 to ! magnetick poles1 #ae1 #aae1 #abe1 #abi4 ,nic&] ( ,colophon1 #h1 #i4 ,nicetas1 #bad4 ,nicolas ,cop]nicus1 #bab1 #bad1 #baf1 #bca1 #bcg1 #bch1 #bdj ,nicolaus ,myrepsus1 or ,prpositas1 #cc4 non-electrick bodies1 #ea1 #ee4 ,nonius1 ,petrus 7,p$ro ,nuez71 #aff4 ,norman1 ,rob]t1 #e1 #h1 #aec1 #afa1 #afb4 supposes a po9t respective1 #e1 #aec1 #afa1 #afb4 8 ,newe ,attractive1 #h4 discov]] ( ! dip1 #h4 ,norumbega1 ! city (1 #aed4 ,nova ,zembla1 #aeb1 #agi4 ,(fusius1 ,j(rancus1 #df4 ,olaus ,magnus1 #e1 #f4 opal becomes electrical1 #dh4 orbe ( virtue1 #gf1 #if1 #aia1 #bje orbes ( planets1 #bjh1 #bae4 ,oribasius1 #b4 ,orpheus1 #aa1 #fa1 #bji4 ,ovi$us1 ,gonzalus 7,gonzalo ,f]n&ez de ,ovi$o y ,valds71 #d4 ,pant>bes1 #aaa4 ,paolo 7,paulus g971 #ce4 ,paolo1 ,rev4 ,mae/ro 7,fra ,paolo ,s>pi71 #f ,paolo ! ,v5etian 7,m>co ,polo71 #d4 ,p>acelsus 7,bomba/ von ,hoh5heim74 ass]ts ! />s to attract iron1 #c4 8 empla/rum ( load/one1 #cc4 8 me?od ( /r5g!n+ load/ones1 #ic4 ,p>m5ides1 #bjh4 pe>ls are n electrick1 #ea1 #ee4 ,p$ro de ,m$9a1 #aff4 p]cussion excites v]ticity1 #aci4 ,p]egr9us1 ,pet]1 8 book1 #e4 on cause ( magnetick direction1 #e1 #aaf1 #aec4 on p]petual motion eng9e1 #ajg4 affirms a t]rella to revolve daily1 #bbc4 #bde ,p]ipateticks1 !1 #bj1 #da1 #dc1 #de1 #fe1 #bah1 #bbb1 #bbe1 #bbg1 #bbh4 p]petual motion ma*9e1 #ajg4 ,pet] ,p]egr9us4 ,see ,p]egr9us4 ,pet] ,plancius4 ,see ,plancius4 ,petrus ,appon5sis4 ,see ,abano1 ,pietro di4 ,petrus ,nonius4 ,see ,nonius or ,nuez4 ,philolaus1 #bad4 ,philo/ratus1 #aaa4 ,pictorio1 ,g41 #f1 #di4 pi$ramant1 #aa4 ,plancius1 ,pet]1 99v bis4 planets1 influ5ce (1 #bj1 #acg1 #adb4 pla/]s1 magnetick1 #cb1 #cc4 ,plato1 #c4 9 ! ,io1 discusses "n & prop]ties ( ! magnet1 #a1 #i1 #aa1 #ah4 9 ! ,timu1 sugge/s ! !ory ( circumpulsion1 #fa4 8 ,atlantis1 #aei4 on life 9 ! univ]se1 #bjh4 ,pl9y 7,c4 ,pl9ius ,secundus74 on load/one fables1 #a1 #b1 #i1 #ah4 8 mi/ake ab\t ?iopian load/ones1 #ag4 on ! five k9ds ( load/ones1 #i4 on ! alleg$ discov]y ( ! load/ones1 #h4 on ! alleg$ magnetick m\nta9s1 #ah4 on a locality :]e load/one 0 f\nd1 #aa4 on ! occurr5ce ( iron 9 ,spa91 #be4 on ! ,sagda & ! ,cato*ites1 #aaa4 on ! silv] d5>ius ( ,antony1 #aaj4 on ! use ( load/one by glass-mak]s1 #aaa4 on ! %ad[ ( a gnomon ( a sun-dial at ,rome1 #bac4 ,plot9us1 #bah4 ,plut>*1 ,claudius4 on ! g>lick fable1 #cb4 says some?+ flammable exi/s 9 amb]1 #ed4 8 !ory ( circumpulsion1 #c1 #fb4 pol>ity4 ,see v]ticity4 pole1 !1 elevation (1 #bjj1 #bac4 poles1 magnetick1 ( a load/one1 #ac1 #da1 #gb1 #ha1 #add4 poles are n po9ts1 #ab1 #da1 #gb1 #if4 ,polo1 ,m>co1 #d4 ,porta1 ,joannes ,bapti/a 7,giambatti/a della ,porta74 8 n>ration ( m>vels1 #f4 on v>i\s temp]+ ( iron1 #bd4 ass]ts load/one a mixture ( /one & iron1 #fc4 on 8 ass]tion t load/ones h hairs1 #ff4 ass]ts vap\r to be cause ( attraction1 #fg4 8 error z to *ange ( v]ticity1 #gc4 susp5ds iron upw>ds by a ?read1 #ib4 8 error z to c5tre ( ! orbe ( virtue1 #ie4 8 error z to ! pol>ity :i* causes repulsion1 #ajb4 8 error z to magnetick oppos+ =ces1 #ajc4 exp]im5t ) a balance1 #ajh4 8 error z to iron be+ intoxicat$1 #ach4 8 error z to iron excit$ by a diamond1 #adc4 8 error z to ! po9t+ ( a magnet1 #add4 proportion betwe5 load/one & iron1 #adi4 8 error z to v>iation & longitude1 #aff4 prcession ( ! qu9oxes1 #bcd1 #bcf4 primum mobile1 !1 #gi1 #bad1 #baf1 #bah1 #bbj1 #bbf1 #bcb1 #bcg4 pro/aphresis1 #agd1 #bcf4 ,prut5ical ,tables1 !1 #bce4 ,ptolemu1 ,claudius4 on load/one fables1 #b1 #cb4 on ! occurr5ce ( load/one & ( iron1 #i1be4 on ! dissolution ( ! e>?1 #ia1 #bag1 #bah4 alleg$ relation ( regions ) ! planets1 #acg4 on ! elevation ( ! pole at diff]5t latitudes1 #bac1 #bad4 on ! ,primum ,mobile1 & ! diurnal movem5t ( ! />s1 #baf1 #bbh1 #bcd4 on ! anomalies ( ! e>?'s motion1 #bcg4 ,puteanus1 ,gulielmus 7,du ,puys71 #c1 #fc4 pyrima*us 7i4e41 pyrites71 #bc4 ,py?agoras1 #eg1 #bjh4 pyxidula1 #d1 #aha4 pyxis1 #c1 #aae1 #adg1 #afe1 #agb4 ,radius1 !1 ( ! e>?'s orbit1 #bah4 ,rasis4 ,see ,rhazes4 rays ( magnetick virtue1 #ie4 ,re9oldus1 ,erasmus 7or ,rhe9holdus71 #bac4 remora1 ! 7or suck+ fi%71 #g1 #fc1 #aaj4 res9 becomes electrical by friction1 #dh1 #eb4 respective po9ts1 #e1 #aec1 #afa1 #afb4 rev]sal ( pol>ity1 #aja1 #acg4 revolution ( ! globe1 #df1 #ha1 #ia1 #bbj4 repulsion1 electrical1 d5i$ to exi/1 #aac4 ,rhazes 7,muhammad ibn ,zak>iya71 #cd1 #ce4 r+s1 on ! v]ticity (1 #abi4 ,rodriguez de ,lagos1 #agg4 ,rosetius ,calab]1 ,hannibal1 #c4 ,ruellius1 ,joannes1 #g4 ,rueus1 ,franciscus 7de la ,rue71 #f4 ,saffron ( ,m>s1 #cd1 #ia1 #ic4 sagda1 or sagdo1 !1 #aaa4 ,sanuto1 ,livio1 #e1 #aec1 #afg4 sapphire1 !1 #dh4 scales ( iron1 #bb4 ,scalig]1 ,julius ,cs>4 on cause ( magnetick direction1 #e1 #fd1 #aec4 on a fall ( meteorick iron1 #bf4 on pres]vation ( load/ones1 #cg4 on amb]1 #dg4 on magnetick attraction1 #gj4 admits ! load/one to h a s\l1 #fh4 on diamond attract+ iron1 #aab4 scoria or slag ( iron1 #cd1 #ce4 seal+ wax is electrical1 #dh1 #ec4 ,seba/ian ,cabot4 ,see ,cabot4 ,s]apio1 or ,s]apio ,mauritania 7,yuhann ibn ,s>apion71 #b1 #f4 ,sev]tius1 ,jacobus1 #e4 %ield+1 magnetick1 by iron plate1 #hc1 #he4 #bdf sid]ites 7,greek3 sid]its7 #h1 #aa1 #adc4 siegel/e9 #aa4 silk susp5sion = magnetick iron1 #bi1 #cj4 ,silvaticus1 ,mat?u1 #c4 silv]1 load/one =1 #aji1 #aaj4 simil>s1 doctr9e ( attraction (1 #ej1 #fb4 ,simon ,/ev9us1 99v bis1 #afg1 #afh4 slate1 magnetick prop]ties (1 #dc4 sme>gel 7em]y71 #bb4 ,sol9us1 ,caius ,julius1 #a1 #i1 #aaa4 ,solomon ! ,k+1 #d4 ,sotacus1 #i4 ,/adius1 #bac4 />s are at v>i\s di/ances1 #bae4 /eel1 #bc1 #ci1 #fi1 #ga1 #ic1 #ie1 #adg4 ,/ev9us1 ,simon1 99v bis1 #afg1 #afh4 /omoma 7,greek3 /omma7 #bc1 #cc1 #cf4 ,/rabo1 #be4 succ9um4 ,see amb]4 ,sud9i1 or ,sudavi5ses1 #dg4 sulphur1 electrical by friction1 #dh1 #ec1 #ef1 #ei4 ,greek3 sundrom1 99vj4 ,greek3 sun5tele*eia1 #fh4 ,sussex1 iron ore 91 #bb4 sympa?y & antipa?y1 #fe1 #fh1 #aab4 ,tacitus1 ,cornelius1 #be4 ,taisn]1 or ,taisni]1 ,joannes1 #e1 #ajg4 ,t>iassiona or ,t>azona1 #bc4 t]rella4 def9ition (1 99vj1 #ab1 #ac4 poles & axis (1 #ac1 #gb1 #ha1 #add4 divid$ into two p>ts1 #gb4 magnetick vig\r1 diagram (1 #gd1 #ge4 h[ small pieces ( iron behave t[>d1 #ge1 #gf4 orbe ( virtue (1 #gf1 #gg1 #ajd4 geography (1 #gh4 qu9octial circle (1 #gi1 #add4 p>allels (1 #hj1 #baa4 magnetick horizon (1 #hj4 proportion ( ! =ces 91 #ha1 #hb4 exp]im5t ) iron sph]e1 #he4 small iron sph]e & rod1 #id1 #ajb4 c5tre ( magnetick virtue 91 #ie4 irregul> t]rella to exhibit v>iation1 #aee1 #aeg4 to illu/rate ! dip ( ! ne$le1 #aij1 #aib4 analogy (1 ) ! e>?1 #da1 #gh1 #aai1 #baa4 te/+ load/ones1 me?ods (1 #ajh4 ,?ales ( ,miletus1 #aa1 #fa1 #fh1 #bjh1 #baj4 !am$es1 !1 #ah4 ,!bitius1 or ,!bit b5 ,korrah1 #aag1 #bcf4 ,!mi/ius1 #ga4 ,!ophra/us1 #a1 #i1 #aa4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 #c1 #fd4 tides1 ! cause (1 #hf4 ,ty*o ,brahe1 #agd1 #bbi4 ,v>iation ( ! compass1 #g1 #df1 #gi1 #aaf1 #aea-afc1 #aff1 #afg1 #ahj4 v>iation at ! ,azores1 #d1 #aed1 #aef1 #afg4 v]sorium1 magnetick1 def9ition (1 99vj4 use (1 #ac1 #aae1 #adg4 v]sorium1 non-magnetick1 use (1 #dh1 #di1 #ej4 v]ticity1 #bh1 #aae1 #aai-adg4 acquir$1 #fg1 #fh1 #hd1 #he1 #ajd1 #abc1 #abe1 #abi1 #ach1 #aci1 #ada1 #adb1 #baa4 9 iron plates t\*$ by load/one1 #hd4 9 iron sph]e1 #he4 h[1 9 iron1 #abc1 #aci1 #bab4 9 bracket 9 t[] ( ,/4 ,augu/9e's ,*ur*1 ,rim9i1 #ada4 simil> at ends ( rod t\*$ 9 middle1 #hd1 #abi4 by p]cussion1 #aci4 ?r\gh int]pos$ matt]1 #fg4 n 9 bodies o!r ?an magnetick1 #adb4 quator sep>ates two k9ds (1 #gi4 possess$ by ! e>?1 z a ,cause1 #aag4 *ange (1 ?r\gh *ange ( mass1 #gb4 def9ition (1 99vj4 describ$1 #aai1 #abj1 #aba4 de/roy$ by heat1 #ff1 #ic1 #abd4 e>? produces x 9 load/one & iron1 #db1 #adj1 #baa1 #bab4 excit$ ?r\gh great] di/ances 9 iron ?an 9 air1 #ajd4 exi/s 9 all %apes ( load/one1 #gf4 helps ! e>? to keep its orbit1 #bbd4 inhr5t 9 wr\ght iron1 #ca1 #aae4 z a magnetick motion1 #df4 mutation (1 #abj1 #acg4 magnitude ( e>? prev5ts v>iation (1 #afc1 #afd4 none acquir$ by iron rubb$ on quator ( t]rella1 #adh4 n affect$ by position ( load/one1 #add4 ( "o load/one z affect$ by ano!r1 #fi1 #ach4 opposite1 acquir$ by iron t\*$ by load/one1 #aae1 #abe1 #abi4 p>ts hav+ same repel1 #abb1 #acc4 pole (1 :]e la/ contact is1 #adi4 /r5g!n$ 9 v]soria1 #adg-aej4 /r5g? (1 decreases at once 9 bo? poles1 #adf4 ,villa nova1 ,arnaldus de1 #b1 #g4 v9c5t9a1 !1 #dh4 ,v9c5t's ,rock1 gem (1 #ed4 ,wea!r affects electricks1 #dh1 #ec1 #ee1 #ef4 weigh+ ! magnetick =ce1 #ajh4 ,wright1 ,edw>d1 8 prefatory address1 99iij bis1 #g4 wr\ght iron is magnetick1 #bi1 #aci4 ,y\? pres]v$ by load/one1 #cb4 ,zeilam1 ! k+ (1 #cb4 ,zimiri1 #aa4 ,zoroa/]1 #bji4 #bdg ,,?is ,,treatise ,,by ,,william ,,gilb]t1 ,,( ,,col*e/]1 ,,physician ,,( ,,london1 ,,on ,,! ,,magnet1 ,,0 ,,fir/ ,,publi%t ,,9 ,,! ,,lat9 ,,tongue ,,9 ,,london ,,9 ,,! ,,ye> ,,( ,,our ,,"l ,m4,d4,c42 ,,?is ,,engli% ,,translation1 ,,:i* ,,0 ,,complet$ ,,9 ,,! ,,ye> ,m4,c4,m41 ,,is ,,pr9t$ ,,= ,,! ,,gilb]t ,,club1 ,,to ,,! ,,numb] ,,( ,,two ,,hundr$ ,,& ,,fifty ,,copies1 ,,by ,,*>les ,,:itt+ham ,,& ,,company1 ,,at ,,! ,,*iswick ,,press1 ,,tooks ,,c\rt1 ,,*anc]y ,,lane1 ,,london4 ,illu/ration 99 99 99 99 99 ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,de ,,magnete ,,( ,,dr4 ,,william ,,gilb]t ,illu/ration ,,privately ,,pr9t$ ,,london ,,mcmi ,= out ( olde feldes1 z m5 sei?1 ,come? al ?is newe corn fro ye] to y]e2 ,& out ( olde bokes1 9 good fei?1 ,come? al ?is newe sci5ce t m5 l]e4 --,*auc]4 ,i f9de t y h vs$ 9 ?is y\r traslation greate art1 k1 & discretion4 ,= walk+ z x 7 9 gold5 fett]s 7z al ,translators doe7 y not)/&+ s w>ilie foll[ y\r ,auctor1 t :]e he trippe? y hold him vp1 & :]e he goe? out ( ! way1 y bett] direct 8 foote4 ,y haue n only ) ! ,bee suck$ out ! be/ iuyce f s sweete a fl[]1 b ) ! ,silke-worme z x 7 w\5 out ( y\r owne b[els1 ! f9e/ silke2 t :i* is m1 n rude raw silke1 b f9ely di$ ) ! fre% col\r ( y\r owne ,art1 ,inv5tion1 & ,practise4 ,if ^! ,adamantes draw y n to effect ?is :i* y haue s happilie begunne3 !n let ^! spurres driue y =w>d3 viz4 ,y\r owne promise1 ! expectation ( y\r fri5ds1 ! losse ( "s cr$it if y %\ld /eppe backe1 ! pr(it :i* y\r lab\rs may yeeld to _m1 ! e>ne/ desire :i* y y\rselfe haue to reviue ?is ,arte1 & ! vnd\bt$ acceptation ( y\r pa9es1 if y p]=me ! same4--7,prefatory epi/le ( ,john ,case1 ,d4 ( ,physicke1 pr9t$ 9 ,r4 ,haydocke's translation ( ,! ,artes ( ,curi\s ,pa9t+1 ( ,lomatius1 ,ox=d1 #aeih47 ,?is booke is n = e rude & unconnynge man to see1 b = cl]kys & v g5tylm5 t und]/& g5tylness & scy5ce4--,caxton4 ,,*iswick ,,press3 ,,*>les ,,:itt+ham ,,& ,,co4 ,,tooks ,,c\rt1 ,,*anc]y ,,lane1 ,,london4 99 99 99 99 99 ij ,illu/ration ,,bibliography ,,( ,,de ,,magnete4 ,i4 7,,! ,,london ,,folio ,,( #afjj47 ,fol4 99j4 title ,,gvilielmi ,,gil b]ti colce/r5 sis1 m$ici londi- n5sis1 ,,de ,,magnete1 ,,magneti- cisqve corporibvs1 et de mag- no magnete tellure2 ,physiologia n\a1 plurimis argum5tis1 expe- rim5tis demon/rata4 ,pr9t]'s ,m>k ,lond9i excudebat ,petrvs ,%ort anno ,,mdc4 99j v]so ,gilb]t's coat ( arms4 99ij ,ad ,lectorem 99iij v]so ,ad gravissimvm doctissimvmqve 444 99vj ,v]borum quorundam int]pretatio4 99vj v]so ,index capitum4 p4 #a4 ,,gvilielmi ,,gilb]ti ,,de ,,magnete1 ,,lib4 ,i4 p4 #bdj4 ,,f9is4 ,errata4 ,)\t any colophon1 pr9t]'s ,m>k1 or date at end4 ,folio4 #h ll4 ( prelim9>y matt]4 ,,abcdefghiklmnopqr/v1 all t]nions1 mak+ #abj numb]$ leaves4 ,"o blank leaf at front & "o at end4 ,page #aad at end ( ,lib] ,,ii4 blank4 ,a fold$ woodcut plate ins]t$ betwe5 p4 #bjj & p4 #bja4 ,woodcut initials1 headl9es & diagrams4 ,all kn[n copies except "o h ink corrections 9 sev]al pages1 p>ticul>ly pp4 #aa1 #bb1 #dg4 ,,ii4 7,,! ,,/ett9 ,,qu>to ,,( #afbh47 ,f\r prelim9>y unnumb]$ leaves1 viz4 7#a7 ,ba/>d title ,,gulielmi ,,gilb]ti ,tractatus ,,de ,,magnete v]so blank2 7#b7 ,engrav$ title4 ,,tractatvs ,siue ,,physiologia ,,nova ,,de ,,magnete1 ,,magneticisqve ,,corpo- ,,ribvs ,,et ,,magno ,,magnete tellure ,sex libris compreh5sus ,guilielmo ,gilb]to ,colce/r5si1 ,m$ico ,lond95si 444 ,omnia nunc dilig5t] recognita em5- datius quam ante 9 lucem edita1 aucta figu- ris illu/rata op] /udio ,wolfgangi ,,lo*mans ,i4,u4,d4 ,ma!mati3 ,ad calcem libri adjunctus e/ ,index ,capi- tum ,r]um et ,v]borum locupletissimus ,,excvsvs ,,s$9i ,typis ,gotzianis ,sumptibus ,ioh3 ,hall]vordij4 ,anno ,,mdc4,,xxviii v]so blank2 7#c7 ,prfatio2 7#d7 ,amicorum ,acclamationes 7v]ses7 v]so blank4 ,sig4 ,a ,ad ,lectorem ,c&idum4 ,sig4 ,a#b v]so ,ad ,gravissimum ,doctissimumq ,virum4 ,sig4 ,b#b ,v]borum quorundam int]pretatio4 ,v]so blank1 foll[$ by twelve engrav$ plates numb]$ ,i4 to ,,xii4 ,sig4 ,b#c is numb]$ z p4 #a1 & beg9s ,,gvilielmi ,,gilb]ti ,,de ,,magnete4 ,,lib] ,i4 ,sig4 ,c beg9s z p4 #e2 ,sig4 ,d z p4 #ac2 & s =?4 ,! collation !re=e is3 #d ll4 unnumb]$1 ,a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,v ,x,y,z,aa,bb,cc,dd,ee,ff,gg,hh,ii,kk,ll, mm1 all f\rs4 ,pag9ation ends on p4 #bcb1 :i* has ,sig4 ,h#c 9 error = ,hh#c1 be+ ! end ( ! text4 ,v]so ( ,hh#c blank4 ,index capitum beg9s fol4 ,hh#d & ) ,index ,v]borum cont9ues to v]so ( ,mm#c4 ,la/ leaf ,mm#d conta9s ,errata1 & in/ructions to b9d] to place plates3 v]so blank4 ,qu>to4 ,woodcut initials & diagrams4 ,)\t any colophon1 pr9t]'s ,m>k1 or date at end4 ,9 "s copies ! engrav$ title diff]s1 hav+ ! words ,ioh3 ,hall]vordij4 replac$ by ! ^w ,au?oris4 iij ,,iii4 7,,! ,,/ett9 ,,qu>to ,,( #afcc47 ,f\r prelim9>y unnumb]$ leaves1 viz41 7#a7 title4 ,tractatus1 sive ,physiologia ,nova de ,,magnete1 ,magneticisq2 corporibus magno ,magnate tellure1 sex libris compreh5sus1 a ,,guilielmo ,,gilb]to ,colce- /r5si1 ,m$ico ,lond95si4 444 ,omnia nunc dilig5t] recognita1 em5datius quam ante 9 lucem edita1 aucta figuris illu/rata1 op]a /udio ,d4 ,,wolfgangi ,,lo*mans1 ,i4,u4,d4 ,ma!matici4 ,ad calcem libri adiunctus e/ ,index capitum1 ,r]um ,v]borum locupletissimus1 qui 9 priore ditione desid]abatur ,,s$9i1 ,typis ,,gotzianis4 ,,anno ,m4,,dc4 ,,xxxii4 v]so blank2 7#b7 ,prfatio2 7#c7 ,amicorum acclamationes 7v]ses7 v]so ,claudianus de ,magnete 7v]ses72 7#d7 ibid4 ,sig4 ,a ,ad ,lectorem ,c&idum4 ,sig4 ,a#b v]so ,ad ,gravissimum ,doctissimumq4 ,virum4 ,sig4 ,b#b ,v]borum quorundam int]pretatio2 v]so blank4 ,sig4 ,b#c is numb]$ z p4 #a1 & beg9s ,,gvilielmi ,,gilb]ti ,,de ,,magnete4 ,,lib] ,i4 ,sig4 ,c beg9s z p4 #e2 ,sig4 ,d z p4 #ac2 & s =?4 ,! ,collation !re=e is3 #d ll4 unnumb]$1 ,a to ,mm1 all f\rs4 ,pag9ation ends on p4 #bcb1 :i* be>s ,sig4 ,h#c 9 error = ,hh#c4 ,v]so ( ,sig4 ,hh#c4 ,errata4 ,index capitum beg9s ,hh#d1 & ) ,index ,v]borum ext5ds to v]so ( ,mm#c4 ,! la/ leaf ,mm#d be>s ! ,in/ructions to b9d]1 ) v]so blank4 ,!re is no colophon1 pr9t]'s ,m>k1 or date at end4 ,qu>to4 ,woodcut initials1 & diagrams4 ,twelve et*$ plates ( v>i\s sizes ins]t$4 ,) ! exception ( ! prelim9>y matt] & ! ,in/ructions to b9d]1 ! pag9ation is ! same z 9 ! edition ( #afbh1 ! pages 9 ! body ( ! "w be+ repr9t$ ^w = ^w2 ?\gh ) exceptions4 ,= example1 p4 #ah 9 ,ed4 #afcc is "o l9e %ort] ?an 9 ,ed4 #afbh4 ,! et*$ plates are entirely diff]5t4 ,x has be5 ?\ght f ! pag9ation be+ alike t ^! two editions 7 really ! same ) diff]5t plates1 titles1 & prelim9>y matt]4 ,b !y are really diff]5t4 ,! spac+ ( ! words1 lett]s & l9es is diff]5t ?r\gh\t1 & !re are diff]5t mispr9ts4 ,! wat]m>ks ( ! pap] also diff]4 ,,iv4 7,,! ,,b]l9 ,,facsimile ,,folio ,,( #ahib47 ,?is is a photoz9cograph reproduction ( ! ,london folio ( #afjj4 ,x lacks ! ink em5dations on pages #aa1 #bb1 #dg1 c41 f\nd 9 ! orig9al1 & is want+ also 9 "s ( ! a/]isks 9 ! m>g9s4 ,v4 7,,! ,,am]ican ,,translation ,,( #ahic47 ,frontispiece portrait p4 i4 title ,,william ,,gilb]t ,,( ,,col*e/]1 physician ( ,london1 on ! ,load/one & ,magnetic ,bodies1 & on ! great magnet ! e>?4 ,a new ,physiology1 demon/rat$ ) _m argum5ts & exp]im5ts4 ,a translation by ,p4 ,fleury ,mottelay1 444 ,new ,york3 ,john ,wiley ,sons1 #ec ,ea/ ,t5? ,/reet #ahic4 p4 ii be>s impr9t ( ,f]ris ,bros4 ,pr9t]s1 #cbf ,pe>l ,/reet1 ,new ,york4 p4 iii4 r$uc$ reproduction ( title ( #afjj edition v]so ! ,gilb]t arms p4 v4 ,translator's ,preface p4 ix4 ,biographical ,memoir p4 xxxi4 ,cont5ts p4 xxxvii4 ,address ( ,edw>d ,wright p4 xlvii4 ,au?or's ,preface4 p4 liii4 ,explanation ( "s t]ms4 pp4 #a-ceh text ( ! "w4 p4 #cei r$uc$ reproduction ( title ( #afbh edition4 p4 #cfj ditto ( #afcc edition4 p4 #cfa ditto ( ,gilb]t's ,de ,mundo ,no/ro ( #afea4 pp4 #cfc to #cfh ,g5]al ,index4 ,pages xxx1 xlvi1 lii1 & #cfb are blanks4 ,!re are no signatures4 ,octavo4 ,diagrams r$uc$ f woodcuts ( ! folio ( #afjj4 ,"s copies be> on title ! impr9t ,london3 ,b]n>d ,qu>it*1 #ae ,piccadilly4 99 99 99 99 99 #a ,illu/ration ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,de ,,magnete ,,( ,,dr4 ,,william ,,gilb]t4 ,dur+ ! "w ( revis+ & edit+ ! ,engli% translation ( ,de ,magnete1 _m po9ts came up = discussion1 requir+ critical consid]ation1 & ! exam9ation ( ! writ+s ( contempor>y or e>li] au?orities4 ,discrepancies betwe5 ! texts ( ! ?ree kn[n editions--! ,london folio ( #afjj1 & ! two ,/ett9 qu>tos ( #afbh & #afcc respectively--dem&$ inve/igation4 ,passages relat+ to a/rology1 to ph>macy1 to al*emy1 to geography1 & to navigation1 requir$ to be ref]r$ to p]sons acqua9t$ ) ! e>ly lit]ature ( ^? bran*es4 ,phrases ( non-classical ,lat91 pres5t+ "s obscurity1 ne$$ explanation by s*ol>s ( m$ival writ+s4 ,descriptions ( magnetical exp]im5ts ne$$ to be int]pret$ by p]sons ^: k ( magnetism enabl$ !m to inf] ! correct mean+ to be assign$ to ! words 9 ! text4 ,9 ?is wise a l>ge am\nt ( miscellane\s criticism has be5 br\ght to be>1 & =ms ! basis = ! foll[+ notes4 ,to make !m available to all /ud5ts ( ,gilb]t1 ! ref]5ces are giv5 to page & l9e bo? ( ! ,lat9 folio ( #afjj & ( ! ,engli% edition ( #aijj4 ,s4 ,p4 ,t4 #a ,,! ,,gloss>y3 ,gilb]t's gloss>y is practically an apology = ! introduction into ! ,lat9 language ( c]ta9 new words1 su* z ! n\ns t]rella1 v]sorium1 & v]ticitas1 & ! adjectival n\n magneticum1 :i* ei!r did n exi/ 9 classical ,lat9 or _h n ! te*nical mean+ :i* he n[ assigns to !m4 ,8 t]rella1 or ,greek3 mikrog1 z he expla9s 9 detail on p4 #ac1 is a little magnetic model ( ! e>?1 b 9 ! gloss>y he simply def9es x z magnes globosus4 ,nei!r t]rella nor v]sorium appe>s 9 any ,lat9 diction>y4 ,no old] writ] _h us$ ei!r ^w1 ?\gh ,pet] ,p]egr9us 7,de ,magnete1 ,augsburg1 #aeeh7 _h describ$ exp]im5ts ) globul> load/ones1 & pivott$ magnetic ne$les suitable = use 9 a compass _h be5 kn[n = ne>ly ?ree c5turies4 ,yet ! pivott$ ne$le 0 n d5om9at$ v]sorium4 ,blondo 7,de ,v5tis1 ,v5ice1 #aedf7 does n use ! t]m4 ,norman 7,! ,newe ,attractiue1 ,london1 #aeha7 speaks ( ! ne$le or compasse1 & ( ! wyre4 ,b>l[e 7,! ,navigators ,supply1 ,london1 #aeig7 speaks ( #b ! flie1 or ! wi]4 ,! t]m v]sorium 7lit]ally1 ! turn-ab\t7 is ,gilb]t's own inv5tion4 ,x 0 at once adopt$ into ! sci5ce1 & appe>s 9 ! treatises ( ,cabeus1 ,philosophia ,magnetica 7,f]r>a1 #afbi71 & ( ,kir*]1 ,magnes sive de ,arte ,magnetica 7,coloni1 #afdc71 & o!r writ]s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 its adoption to d5ote ! pivott$ magnetic ne$le l$ to ! gr[? ( an errone\s sugge/ion t ! m>9]s' compass 0 kn[n to ! anci5ts because ( ! occurr5ce 9 ! writ+s ( ,plautus ( ! t]m v]soriam1 or vorsoriam4 ,?is appe>s twice z ! accusative case ( a fem99e n\n v]soria1 or vorsoria1 :i* 0 us$ to d5ote "p ( ! ge> ( a %ip us$ 9 tack+-ab\t4 ,=cell9i def9es v]soria z funiculus quo extremus veli angulus religatur2 :ile v]soriam cap]e is equival5t to rev]ti1 or 7metaphorically7 s5t5tiam mut>e4 ,! two passages 9 ,plautus are3 ,,eut4 ,si huc item prop]es1 ut i/uc prop]as1 facias rectius1 ,huc secundus v5tus nunc e/2 cape modo vorsoriam2 ,hic ,favonius s]5u'/1 i/ic ,au/] imbricus3 ,hic facit tranquillitatem1 i/e omnes fluctus conciet4 79 ,m]cat4 ,act4 ,v41 sc4 #b47 ,,*>m4 ,/asime1 fac te prop]e cel]em recipe te ad dom9um domum2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,cape vorsoriam ,recipe te ad h]um4 79 ,tr9um4 ,act4 ,,iv41 sc4 #c47 ,! ^w magneticum is also ( ,gilb]t's own co9age1 z a n\n2 z an adjective x _h be5 c]ta9ly us$ be=e1 at lea/ 9 its ,engli% =m1 magneticall1 :i* appe>s on ! title-page ( ,william ,bor\gh's ,disc\rse ( ! ,v>iation ( ! ,compasse 7,london1 #aeif74 ,gilb]t does n use any:]e ! n\n magnetismus1 magnetism4 ,! fir/ use ( t n\n occurs 9 ,william ,b>l[e's ,magneticall ,adu]tisem5ts 7#afaf71 9 ! ,epi/le ,d$icatorie1 :]e91 :5 speak+ ( ,dr4 ,gilb]t1 he says vnto :om ,i communicat$ :at ,i _h obs]u$ ( my selfe1 & :at ,i _h built vpon 8 f\ndation ( ! ,magnetisme ( ! e>?4 ,gilb]t speaks ( ! virtus magnetica1 or vis magnetica2 inde$1 he has a ri* vocabul>y ( t]ms1 us+1 beside virtus & vis1 vires1 robur1 pote/as1 pot5tia1 effici5tia1 & vigor = t :i* we %\ld n[ call magnetism or ! magnetic =ces4 ,nor does he use ! v]b magnetis>e1 or its p>ticiple1 magnetisatus3 he speaks ( f]rum tactum1 or ( f]rum excitatum a magnete4 ,9 spite ( c]ta9 obscurities :i* occur 9 places 9 8 "w1 he c]ta9ly %[s a nice appreciation ( words & _! use1 & a k ( /yle4 ,"o f9ds occasionally direct quotations f1 & ov]t ref]5ces to1 ! classic au?ors1 z 9 ! ref]5ces to ,plato & ,ari/otle on page #a1 & 9 ! passage f ! ,georgics ( ,v]gil on p4 #ba4 ,b "h & !re "o f9ds o!r traces ( unmi/akable s*ol>%ip1 z 9 ! ref]5ce to goat's wool on p4 #ce1 or 9 ! use1 on p4 #baj1 ( ! ^w p]placet1 :i* occurs 9 ! lett] ( ,cic]o ad ,atticum1 or 9 t ( common/rabit1 occurr+ on p4 #bjc1 & f\nd only 9 ,cic]o1 ,t]5ce & ,plautus2 :il/ ! phrase on p4 #c1 9 :i* ,gilb]t rallies ! smatt]]s on hav+ lo/ bo? _! oil & _! pa9s1 has a delightfully classical e*o4 #c ,! t]m orbis virtutis1 def9$ by ,gilb]t 9 ! gloss>y1 & illu/rat$ by ! cuts on pages #gf1 #gg1 & #if1 might be effectively translat$ by sph]e ( influ5ce1 or orbit )9 :i* !re is s5sible attraction4 ,x has be5 pref]r$1 h[ev]1 to translate x lit]ally z ! orbe ( virtue1 or orbe ( magnetick virtue4 ,?is *oice has be5 det]m9$ by ! desire to adopt su* an ,engli% phrase z ,gilb]t w\ld himself h us$ _h he be5 writ+ ,engli%4 ,t4 ,hood1 writ+ 9 #aeib 9 8 book ,! ,vse ( bo? ! ,globes1 9 us+ ! ^w orbe1 says t ! ^w globe signifies a solid body1 :ile a sph]e is holl[1 l two di%es joyn$ by ! brimme2 ,! ,lat9es prop]ly call ,orbis an ,orbe2 ,more\] ! ^w ,spha]a signifie? t in/rum5t made ( bras5 hoopes 7wee call x commonly a r+$ ,sph]e7 :]e) ! ,a/ronom]s deliu] unto ! n\ices ( t ,sci5ce ! vnd]/&+ ( ?+s :i* !y imag9e 9 ! heau54 ,fur!r1 ,dr4 ,m>ke ,ridley 9 8 ,treatise ( ,magneticall ,bodies & ,motions 7#afac71 has a *apt] 7,,xiiii7 ,( ! di/ance & ,orbe ( ! ,magnets v]tue1 ?r\gh\t :i* ! t]m ,orbe is reta9$4 ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne also writes ( ! orb ( _! activities4 ,! ^w ,coitio1 us$ by ,gilb]t = ! mutual =ce betwe5 magnet & iron1 has be5 reta9$ 9 its ,engli% =m1 coition4 ,gilb]t evid5tly adopt$ ?is t]m aft] mu* ?\ght4 ,! ,newtonian conception ( action & reaction be+ necess>ily equal _h n dawn$ ^u ! m$ival philosoph]s4 ,! t]m attraction _h be5 us$ 9 a limit$ s5se to connote an action 9 :i* a =ce 0 conceiv$ ( z be+ ex]t$ on "o side only4 ,diog5es ( ,apollonia1 ,alex&] ,aphrodiseus1 ,democritus1 & o!rs1 conceiv$ ! magnet to draw at ! iron )\t ! iron 9 any way contribut+ to t action4 ,sa9t ,basil specially affirms t ! magnet is n drawn by iron4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,alb]tus ,magnus _h conceiv$ ! idea t ! iron s\ght ! magnet by a "o-sid$ ef=t 9 :i* ! magnet took no "p4 ,gilb]t _h ! wit to disc]n t ! action 0 mutual1 & to m>k ! new conception he adopt$ ! new t]m1 & def9$ x z x /&s 9 8 gloss>y4 ,x is a conc\rse or concordancy ( bo?1 & to emphasize 8 mean+ he adds1 n z if !re 7 an ,greek3 helktik dunamis b a ,greek3 sundrom n a tractile p[]1 b a runn+ toge!r4 ,! adjective ,greek3 helktik is obvi\sly relat$ to ! v]b ,greek3 helk1 ,i draw3 b its mean+ puzzl$ ! subsequ5t editors ( ! text1 = 9 ! two ,/ett9 editions ( #afbh & #afcc1 ! phrase appe>s 9 ! respective =ms ( ,greek3 heltik dunamis & ,greek3 helku/ik dunamis4 ,9 ,cree*'s ,engli% v]sion ( ,lucretius 7edition ( #agbb1 p4 #gb;a1 9 ! footnote7 is ! comm5t>y ,gal51 disput+ aga9/ ,epicurus1 uses ! t]m ,greek3 helke91 :i* seems likewise too viol5t4 ,x may be not$ t ! same v]b occurs 9 ! passage f ! ,io ( ,plato quot$ bel[4 ,! t]m ,greek3 sundrom appli$ by ,gilb]t to expla9 8 t]m ,coitio is us$ by ,diodorus = ! mutual onset ( two ho/ile =ces4 ,a picturesque s5t5ce f ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne's ,pseudodoxia ,epidemica 7,london1 #afej1 p4 #ea7 sets ! matt] succ9ctly =?4 ,if 9 two skiffs ( cork1 a ,load/one & ,/eel be plac$ )9 ! orb ( _! activities1 ! "o do? n move ! o!r /&+ /ill1 b bo? hoi/ sayle & /e] unto ea* o!r2 s t if ! ,load/one attract1 ! ,/eel ha? also its attraction2 = 9 ?is action ! ,alli5cy is reciprocall1 :i* jo9tly felt1 !y mutually approa* & run into ea* o!rs arms4 #d ,! page & l9e ref]5ces giv5 9 ^! notes are 9 all cases fir/ to ! ,lat9 edition ( #afjj1 & secondly to ! ,engli% edition ( #aijj4 #b ,,page #a1 ,,l9e #bh4 ,page #a1 l9e #bh4 ,plato 9 ,ione4--,! passage 9 ! ,io ( ,plato is 9 *ap4 v4 ,socrates address+ ! poet ,io tells him t 8 facility 9 recit+ ,hom] is n really an art3 ,greek3 !ia de dunamis1 h se k9ei hsp] en ti li?i1 hn ,euripids m5 ,magnt9 nomas51 hoi de polloi ,hrakleian4 kai g> aut h li?os ou monon aut\s t\s daktuli\s agei t\s sidr\s1 alla kai dunam9 enti?si tois daktuliois1 / au duna/hai taut\ t\to poie91 hop] h li?os1 all\s age9 daktuli\s1 h/' enio?' horma?os makros panu sidrin kai daktulin ex allln rttai pasi de t\tois ex eke9s ts li?\ h dunamis anrttai4 ,! idea is t z ! load/one 9 attract+ an iron r+ w make x into a magnet1 :i* c 9 turn act magnetically on ano!r r+1 & ?is on yet ano!r1 s ! inspiration ( ! ,muse is transf]r$ to ! poet1 :o 9 turn h&s on ! inspiration ?r\gh ! recit] to ! li/5]4 ,aft] fur!r exp&+ ! same idea ( ! transf]5ce ( influ5ce1 ,socrates aga9 m5tions ! magnet 7*ap4 vii473 ,greek3 ,oi/h' oun hoti outos e/9 ho !ats tn daktulin ho es*atos1 hn eg elegon hupo ts ,hrakleitidos li?\ ap' allln tn dunam9 lambane91 ho de mesos su ho rhapsdos kai hupokrits1 ho de prtos autos ho poits8 ho de !os dia pantn t\tn helkei tn psu*n hopoi an b\ltai tn an?rpn1 k4t4l4 7,edition ,didot ( #ahef1 vol4 i41 p4 #cia2 or ,/ephanus1 p4 #ecc ,d74 ,!re is ano!r ref]5ce 9 ,plato to ! magnet1 namely1 9 ! ,timu 7p4 #bdj1 vol4 ii41 ,edit4 citat474 ,see ! ,note to p4 #fa4 ,! ref]5ce by ,euripides to ! magnet occurs 9 ! lo/ play ( ,o5eus1 9 a fragm5t pres]v$ by ,suidas4 ,see ,fragm5ta ,euripidis 7,ed4 ,didot1 #ahdf1 p4 #geg1 or ,nauck's edition1 ,no4 #efg74 ,greek3 hs ,euripids en ,o9ei2 tas brotn gnmas skopn1 h/e ,magntis li?os tn doxan helkei kai me?i/s9 pal94 #c ,,page #a1 ,,l9e #bh4 ,page #a1 l9e #bi4 ,! brief passage f ,ari/otle's ,de ,anima ref]r+ to ,?ales is quot$ by ,gilb]t himself at ! bottom ( p4 #aa4 #d ,,page #b1 ,,l9e #a4 ,page #a1 l9e #bi4 ,! edition ( #afbh ins]ts commas betwe5 ,!ophra/us & ,lesbius1 & betwe5 ,julius & ,sol9us1 z ?\gh ^! 7 f\r p]sons in/ead ( two4 #e ,,page #b1 ,,l9e #h4 ,page #b1 l9e #e4 si allio magnes illitus fu]it1 aut si adamas fu]it4 ,an excell5t v]sion ( ?is my? is to be f\nd 9 ,julius ,sol9us1 ,polyhi/or1 ,de ,memorabilibus1 *ap4 lxiv41 ( :i* ! ,engli% v]sion ( #aehg1 by ,a4 ,gold+1 runs ?us3 ,! ,diamonde w n suff] ! ,lode/one to drawe yron unto him3 or if ye ,lode/one haue alreadie drawne a peece ( yron to x1 ! ,diamond snat*e? & pulle? away z hys bootye :atsoev] ! ,lode/one ha? tak5 hold (4 ,sa9t ,augu/9e repeats ! diamond my? 9 8 ,de ,civitate ,dei1 lib4 xxi4 ,bapti/a ,porta says 7p4 #baa ( ! ,engli% v]sion ( #afeh73 ,x is a common ,op9ion among/ ,sea-m51 ,t ,onyons & ,g>lick are at odds ) ! ,load/one3 & ,/e]s-m51 & su* z t5d ! ,m>9]s ,c>d are =bid to eat ,onyons or ,g>lick1 le/ !y make ! ,index ( ! ,poles drunk4 ,b :5 ,i tri$ all ^! ?+s1 f\nd !m to be false3 = n onely brea?+ & bel*+ ^u ! ,load/one aft] eat+ ( ,g>lick1 did n /op its v]tues3 b :5 x 0 all anoynt$ ov] ) ! juice ( ,g>lick1 x did p]=m its (fice z well z if x _h nev] be5 t\*$ ) x3 & ,i c\ld obs]ve almo/ n ! lea/ diff]5ce1 le/ ,i %\ld make void ! endeav\rs ( ! ,anci5ts4 #e ,& aga91 ,:5 ,i enquir$ ( ,m>9es1 :e!r x 7 s1 t !y 7 =bid to eat ,onyons & ,g>lick = t reason2 !y said1 !y 7 old ,wives fables1 & ?+s ridicul\s2 & t ,sea-m5 w\ld soon] lose _! lives1 !n ab/a9 f eat+ ,onyons & ,g>lick4 ,! fables respect+ ! antipa?y ( g>lick & ( ! diamond to ! op]ation ( ! magnet1 al?\gh already discr$it$ by ,ruellius & by ,porta1 di$ h>d4 ,9 spite ( ! exposure & d5unciations ( ,gilb]t--comp>e p4 #cb--^! tales 7 (t repeat$ dur+ ! succe$+ c5tury4 ,9 ! app5dix to ,sir ,hugh ,plat's ,jewel ,h\se ( ,art & ,nature1 9 ! edition ( #afec1 by ,d4 ,b4 ,g5t1 x is /at$ !re 7p4 #bah73 ,! ,load/one :i* 444 ha? an admirable v]tue n onely to draw ,iron to x self1 b also to make any ,iron ^u :i* x is rubb$ to draw iron also1 x is writt5 not)/&+1 t be+ rubb$ ) ! juyce ( ,g>lick1 x lose? t v]tue1 & _c !n draw iron1 z likewise if a ,diamond be lay$ close unto x4 ,pl9y wrote ( ! alleg$ antipa?y betwe5 diamond & goat's blood4 ,! passage z quot$ f ! ,engli% v]sion ( ,pl9y's ,natural ,hi/orie ( ! ,_w1 translat$ by ,philemon ,holl& 7,london1 #afja1 p4 #faj1 *ap1 iv471 runs3 ,b ,i w\ld gladly "k ^: inv5tion ?is might be to soake ! ,diamond 9 ,goats bl\d1 ^: head devis$ x fir/1 or r by :at *ance 0 x f\nd out & kn[ne8 ,:at conjecture %\ld lead a man to make an exp]im5t ( su* a s+ul> & admirable secret1 especially 9 a goat1 ! fil?ie/ bea/ 444 9 ! :ole _w8 ,c]tes ,i mu/ ascribe bo? ?is inv5tion & all su* l to ! might & b5efic5ce toge!r ( ! div9e p[]s3 nei!r are we to argue & reason h[ & :y ,nature ha? done ?is or t8 ,suffici5t is x t h] w 0 s1 & ?us %e w\ld h x4 #f ,,page #b1 ,,l9e #bb4 ,page #b1 l9e #bb4 ,ma*ometis sacellum4 ,gilb]t cr$its ,mat?iolus 7! well-kn[n h]bali/ & comm5tator on ,dioscorides7 ) produc+ ! fable z to ,mahomet's c(f9 be+ susp5d$ 9 ! air by a magnet4 ,sir ,ri*>d ,burton1 9 8 fam\s pilgrimage to ,el ,m$nah 9 #ahee1 effectually dispos$ ( ?is my?4 ,! reput$ s>cophagus re/s simply on bricks on ! floor4 ,b x _h long be5 kn[n t a]ial susp5sion1 ev5 ( ! lighte/ iron object1 9 ! air1 )\t contact above or bel[1 0 impossible by any magnetic ag5cy4 ,9 ,b>l[e's ,magneticall ,adu]tisem5ts 7,london1 #afaf1 p4 #de7 is ! foll[+3 ,z = ! ,turkes ,mahomet1 hang+ 9 ! ay] ) 8 yron *e/ x is a mo/ grosse untru?1 & utt]ly impossible x is = any ?+ to hange 9 ! ay] by any magneticall p[]1 b t ei!r x mu/ t\* ! /one x selfe1 or else "s int]m$iate body1 t h9dre? x f comm+ to ! /one 7l z be=e ,i haue %ew$7 or else "s /ay bel[ to keepe x f asc5d+1 z "s small wi] t may scantly bee se5e or p]ceiv$4 #g ,,page #b1 ,,l9e #bf4 ,page #b1 l9e #bf4 ,ars9oes templum4--,! acc\nt 9 ,pl9y ( ! magnetic susp5sion ( ! /atue ( ,ars9oe 9 ! temple built by ,*9ocrates is giv5 z foll[s 9 ! ,engli% v]sion 7,london1 #afja7 ( ,philemon ,holl& 7p4 #eae73 ,& "h ,i _c *use b acqua9t y ) ! s+ul> inv5tion ( t great ar*itect & ma/] devis]1 ( ,alex&ria 9 gypt ,d9ocrates1 :o began to make ! ar*$ r\fe ( ! temple ( ,ars9oe all ( ,magnet or ?is ,load/one1 to ! end1 t )9 t temple ! /atue ( ! said pr9cesse made ( yron1 might seeme to hang 9 ! aire by no?+4 ,b prev5t$ he 0 by dea? #f be=e hee c\ld f9i% 8 worke1 l z k+ ,ptolome also1 :o orda9$ t temple to be built 9 ! hon\r ( ! said ,ars9oe 8 si/]4 ,!re are a numb] ( simil> my?s 9 ,ausonius1 ,claudian1 & ,cassiodorus1 & 9 ! writ+s ( lat] ecclesia/ical hi/orians1 su* z ,rus9us & ,prosp] ,aquitanus4 ,! v meagre acc\nts !y h left1 & ! scatt]$ ref]5ces to ! reput$ magical p[]s ( ! load/one1 sugge/ t !re exi/$ among/ ! primitive religions ( mank9d a magnet-wor%ip1 ( :i* ^! records are traces4 #h ,,page #b1 ,,l9e #cg4 ,page #b1 l9e #da4 ,brasevolus or ,brasavola4--,! li/ ( au?orities "h cit$ consi/s mo/ly ( well-kn[n m$ival writ]s on mat]ia m$ica or on m9]als3 ! la/ on ! li/1 ,hannibal ,rosetius ,calab]1 has n be5 id5tifi$4 ,! foll[+ are ! ref]5ces 9 ! ord] nam$ by ,gilb]t3 ,antonio ,musa ,brasavola4 ,exam5 omnium simplicium m$icam5torum1 ,section #ddg 7,lugdun41 #aecg74 ,joannes ,bapti/a ,montanus4 ,metaphrasis summ>ia eorum qu ad m$icam5torum doctr9 att9et 7,augu/ ,rhetic1 #aeea74 ,amatus ,lusitanus4 ,amati ,lusitani 9 ,dioscoridis ,anaz>bei de mat]ia m$ica libros qu9que 7,v5et41 #aeeg1 p4 #ejg74 ,oribasius4 ,oribasii ,s>diani ad ,eunapium libri #d quibus 444 facultates simplicium 444 cont95tur 7,v5et41 #aeeh74 ,aetius ,amid5us4 ,aetii ,amid5i ,librorum m$ic9alium 444 libri octo nunc primum 9 lucem editi 7,greek text1 ,ald9e edition1 ,v5et41 #aecd74 ,a ,lat9 edition appe>$ 9 ,basel1 #aece4 ,see also 8 tetrabiblos ex vet]ibus m$ic9 7,basil41 #aedb74 ,avic5na 7,ibn ,s974 ,canona ,m$ic9 7,v5ice1 #adhf71 lib] ii41 cap4 #dgd4 ,s]apio ,mauritanus 7,yuhann ,ibn ,s>apion74 ,9 hoc volum9e cont95tur 444 ,ioan4 ,s>apionis ,arabis de ,simplicibus ,m$ic9is opus prcl>um et +5s 444 7edit$ by ,brunfels1 ,arg5torati1 #aeca1 p4 #bfj74 ,hali ,abbas 7',al ,ibn ,al ',abbas74 ,lib] totius m$ic9 necess>ia cot95s 444 quem ,haly filius ,abbas edidit 444 et a ,/ephano ex arabica l+ua r$uctus 7,lugd41 #aebc1 p4 #agf v]so74 ,santes de ,ardoniis 7or ,ardoynis74 ,incipit lib] de v55is quem magi/] santes de ardoynis 444 ed]e cepit v5etiis die octauo n\ebris1 #adbd 7,v5et41 #adib74 ,petrus ,appon5sis 7or ,petrus de ,abano74 ,! load/one is ref]r$ to 9 two works by ?is au?or4 7#a7 ,conciliator diff]5ti>um philosophorum3 et precipue m$icorum cl>issimi viri ,petri de ,abano ,patau9i felicit] incipit 7,v5et41 #adif1 p4 #gb1 v]so1 ,qu/io ,,li474 7#b7 ,tractatus de ,v55is 7,roma1 #adij1 cap4 xi474 ,m>cellus 7call$ ,m>cellus ,empiricus74 ,de ,m$icam5tis1 9 ! volume ,m$ici antiqui omnes 7,v5et41 #aedg1 p4 #hi74 ,arnaldus 7,arnaldus de ,villa ,nova74 ,incipit ,tractatus de virtutibus h]b>um 7,v5et41 #adii74 ,see also ,arnaldi ,villanovani ,op]a omnia 7,basil41 #aehe74 ,m>bodeus ,gallus4 ,m>bodei ,galli poetae vetu/issimi de lapidibus pretiosis ,en*iridion 7,friburgi1 #aecj #aeca1 p4 #da74 ,alb]tus ,magnus4 ,de ,m9]alibus et rebus metallicis 7,v5et41 #aedb1 lib4 ii41 de lapidibus preciosis1 p4 #aib74 ,!re is a ref]5ce to ! load/one #g also 9 a "w attribut$ falsely to ,alb]tus1 b n[ ascrib$ to ,h5ricus de ,saxonia1 ,de virtutibus h]b>um1 de virtutibus lapidum1 etc4 7,r\51 #aejj1 & subsequ5t editions74 ,an ,engli% v]sion1 ,! ,secrets ( ,alb]tus ,magnus ( ! v]tues ( he>bs /ones & c]ta9e bea/s 0 publi%t 9 ,london 9 #afag4 ,mat?u ,silvaticus4 ,p&ect ,m$ic9 7,lugduni1 #aeda1 cap4 #ddf74 ,h]molaus ,b>b>us4 ,8 "w1 ,h]molai ,b>b>i ,patritii ,v5eti et ,aqvilei5sis patri>* ,coroll>ii ,libri qu9que 444 ,v5et41 #aeaf1 is an e>ly h]bal4 ,on p4 #ajc are to be f\nd descriptions ( lapis gagatis & lapis magnes4 ,! latt] is mo/ly tak5 f ,pl9y1 & m5tions ! alleg$ !am$es1 & ! my? ( ! float+ /atue4 ,camillus ,leon>dus4 ,speculum ,lapidum 7,v5et41 #aejb1 fol4 xxxviii474 ,an ,engli% translation1 ,! ,mirror ( ,/ones1 appe>$ 9 ,london 9 #agej4 ,cornelius ,agrippa4 ,h5rici ,cor4 ,agripp ab ,nette%eym 444 ,de ,occulta ,philosophia ,libri ,tres 7,antv41 #aeca74 ,! ,engli% v]sion ,( ! ,vanitie & unc]ta9tie ( ,artes 0 publi%t 9 ,london1 #aefi1 & aga9 lat]4 ,fallopius 7,gabriellus74 ,g4 ,f4 de simplicibus m$icam5tis purgantibus tractatus 7,v5et41 #aeff74 ,see also 8 ,tractatus de compositione m$icam5torum 7,v5et41 #aegj74 ,johannes ,langius4 ,epi/ol>um m$ic9alium volum5 trip>titum 7,p>is1 #aehi1 p4 #gib74 ,c>d9alis ,cusanus 7,nicolas ,khrypffs1 ,c>d9al de ,cusa74 ,nicolai ,cusani de /aticis exp]im5tis dialogus 7,arg5torati1 #aeej74 ,! ,engli% edition1 entitl$ ,! ,idiot 9 f\r books1 is dat$ ,london1 #afej4 #i ,,page #c1 ,,l9e #a4 ,page #b1 l9e #db4 ,m>cellus4--,m>cellus ,empiricus1 mdec9 de ,?odose-le-,gr&1 dit que l'aimant1 appel antiphyson1 attire et rep\sse le f]4 7,klapro?1 ,sur l'inv5tion de la b\ssole1 #ahcd1 p4 #ab47 ,! passage f ,m>cellus runs3 ,magnetes lapis1 qui antiphyson dicitur1 qui f]rum trahit et abjicit1 et magnetes lapis qui sangu9em emittit et f]rum ad se trahit1 collo alligati aut circa caput dolori capitis m$5tur4 7,m>cellus1 de ,m$icam5tis3 9 ! volume ,m$ici antiqui omnes1 qui lat9is lit]is morborum g5]a p]secuti sunt4 ,v5et41 #aedg1 p4 #hi47 #aj ,,page #c1 ,,l9e #aa4 ,page #c1 l9e #i4 ,?omas ,era/us4--,! "w 9 "q is ,dispvtationvm de ,m$ic9a nova ,philippi ,p>acelsi1 ,p>s ,prima3 9 qua qu de rem$iis svp]/itiosis ,magicis curationibus ille prodidit1 prcipu exam9antur ,?oma ,era/o 9 ,s*ola ,heydeb]g5si1 pr(essore4 7,basili1 #aegb4 ,p>ts #b & #c appe>$ ! same ye>1 & ,"p #d 9 #aegc47 ,gilb]t _h no m love = ,p>acelsus ?an = ,alb]tus ,magnus or o!rs ( ! magic-mong]s4 ,inde$ ! few passages 9 ,p>acelsus on ! magnet are sorry /uff4 ,!y w mo/ly be f\nd 9 ! sev5? volume ( 8 collect$ works 7,op]a omnia1 ,frankfurt1 #afjc74 ,a sample may be tak5 f ! ,engli% "w publi%t 9 ,london1 #afej1 ) ! title3 ,( ! ,nature ( ,?+s1 ,n9e ,books2 writt5 by ,philipp ,!ophra/us ( ,hoh5heim1 call$ ,p>acelsvs4 ,= any ,load/one t ,m]cury ha? b t\*$1 or :i* ha? be5 sme]$ ) ,m]curiall oyle1 or only put into ,m]cury w nev] draw ,iron m 7p4 #bc74 ,! life ( ! ,load/one is ! _s ( ,iron2 :i* may bee extract$1 & tak5 away ) _s ( ,w9e 7p4 #cb74 #aa ,,page #c1 ,,l9e #ac4 ,page #c1 l9e #aa4 ,encelius 7or ,entzelt1 ,*ri/oph7 #h wrote a "w publi%t 9 #aeea at ,frankfurt1 ) ! title ,de re metallica1 hoc e/1 de orig9e1 v>ietate1 et natura corporum metallicorum1 lapidum1 gemm>um1 atque ali>um qu ex fod9is eruuntur1 r]um1 ad m$ic9e usum des]vi5tium1 libri iii4 ,?is is writt5 9 a s+ul> m$ley ( ,lat9 & ,g]man4 ,gilb]t und\bt$ly took f x _m ( 8 ideas ab\t ! prop]ties ( metals4 ,see ! note to p4 #bg on plumbum album4 #ab ,,page #c1 ,,l9e #bj4 ,page #c1 l9e #ba4 ,?omas ,aqu9as4--,! ref]5ce is to 8 comm5t>ies ^u ! ,physica ( ,ari/otle4 ,! passage w be f\nd on p4 #if bis ( ! ,giunta edition 7,v5et41 #aeci74 ,! ess5tial "p is quot$ by ,gilb]t himself on p4 #fd4 #ac ,,page #c1 ,,l9e #ci4 ,page #c1 l9e #de4 pyxidem4--,! ^w pyxis1 :i* occurs "h1 & 9 ! next s5t5ce z pyxidem nauticam1 is translat$ compass4 ,elev5 l9es l[] occurs ! t]m nautica pyxidula4 ,?is latt] ^w1 lit]ally ! little compass1 c]ta9ly ref]s to ! portable compass us$ at sea4 ,comp>e sev]al passages 9 ,book ,,iv4 :]e a contra/+ use is made ( ^! t]ms2 = example1 on pp4 #agg & #bjb4 ,calcagn9us1 ,de re nautica1 uses ! t]m pyxidecula = an in/rum5t :i* he describes z vitro intecta4 ,on p4 #aeb1 l9e #i1 ,gilb]t uses ! non-classical n\n compassus1 boreale lilium compassi 7quod ,boream respicit71 & aga9 on p4 #agh1 l9e #c4 #ad ,,page #d1 ,,l9e #b4 ,page #d1 l9e #b4 ,melphitani4--,! inhabitants ( ,amalfi 9 ! k+dom ( ,naples4 ,! claim ( ! discov]y or inv5tion ( ! m>9]s' compass 9 ! ye> #acjb by "o ,joannes ,goia1 or ,gioia1 also nam$ z ,flavio ,goia1 has be5 mu* disput$4 ,9 ,gu?rie's ,new ,sy/em ( ,mod]n ,geography 7,london1 #agib1 p4 #ajcf71 9 ! ,*ronology1 is set d[n = ! ye> #acjb3 ,! m>9]'s compass inv5t$1 or improv$ by ,givia1 ( ,naples4 ,! fl[] de luce1 ! arms ( ! ,duke ( ,anj\1 !n ,k+ ( ,naples1 0 plac$ by him at ! po9t ( ! ne$le1 9 complim5t to t pr9ce4 ,9 #ahjh an elaborate treatise 0 pr9t$ at ,naples1 by ,flam9ius ,v5anson ) ! title1 ,de l'inv5tion de la ,b\ssole ,nautique4 ,v5anson1 :o cites _m au?orities1 endeav\rs to prove t if ,gioia did n discov] magnetic pol>ity he at lea/ inv5t$ ! compass1 t is to say1 he pivott$ ! magnetic ne$le & plac$ x 9 a box1 ) a c>d affix$ above x divid$ into sixte5 p>ts be>+ ! names ( ! sixte5 pr9cipal w9ds4 ,he alleges 9 pro( t ! compass-c>d is emblazon$ 9 ! armorial be>+s ( ! city ( ,amalfi4 ,?is view 0 combatt$ 9 ! fam\s lett] ( ,klapro? to ,humboldt publi%t 9 ,p>is 9 #ahcd4 ,he %[s t ! use ( ! magnetiz$ ne$le 0 kn[n 9 ,europe t[>d ! end ( ! twelf? c5tury2 t ! ,*9ese knew ( x & us$ x = f9d+ ! way on l& /ill e>li]2 t !re is no compass-c>d 9 ! arms ( ! city ( ,amalfi2 b he conc$es t ,gioia may h improv$ ! compass 9 #acjb by add+ ! w9d-rose c>d4 ,! mo/ rec5t contributions to ! "q are a pamphlet by ,signorelli1 ,sull' inv5zione della ,bussola nautica1 ragionam5to di ,pietro ,napoli ,signorelli1 segret>io p]petuo della ,societ ,pontaniana2 letto nella s$uta del #cj settembre #ahfj2 ,matteo ,cam]a's ,memorie ,/orico-diplomati*e dell' antica citt e ducato di ,amalfi 7,sal]no1 #ahgf72 & ,admiral ,luigi ,f9cati's "w ,il ,magnete1 la ,calamita1 e la ,bussola 7,roma1 #ahgh74 ,an old] m5tion ( ,gioia is to be f\nd 9 ,blundevile's ,ex]cises 7#crd edition1 #afjf1 pp4 #beg-beh74 ,see also ,cresc5tio della ,nautica ,m$it]ranea1 7,roma1 #afjg1 p4 #bec71 & ,azuni1 ,diss]tazione sull' orig9e della bussola nautica 7,v5ezia1 #agig74 #i ,!re appe>s to be a slip 9 ,gilb]t's ref]5ce to ,&rea ,doria1 z he has conf\nd$ ! t[n ( ,amalfi 9 ,pr9cipato ,citra ) ,melfi 9 ,basilicata4 ,"o ( ! s\rces reli$ ^u by hi/orians = ascrib+ ?is orig9 ( ! compass is ! ,comp5dia dell' ,i/oria del ,regno di ,napoli1 ( ,coll5uccio 7,v5et41 ,,mdxci471 p4 #e4 ,n 9 que/o tac] ,amalfi1 picciola t]ra1 capo della co/a di ,pic5tia1 alia quale tutti quelli1 *e'l m> caualcano1 vfficiosam5te et]no gratie debono ref]ire1 ess5do prima 9 quella t]ra trovato l'vso1 l'artificio della calamita1 del bussolo1 col quale i nauiganti1 la /ella ,tramontana infallibilm5te mir&o1 direzzano il lor corso1 si come publica fama1 gli ,amalfitani si gloriano1 n s5za ragione dalli piu si cr$e1 ess5do cosa c]ta1 *e gli anti*i tale in/rom5to non hebb]o2 n ess5do mai 9 tutto falso quello1 *e 9 molto tempo da molti si diuolga4 ,ano!r acc\nt is to be f\nd 9 ! ,hi/ori>um sui temporis1 etc41 ( ,paulus ,jovius 7,flor5t41 #aeeb71 tom4 ii41 cap4 #be1 p4 #db4 ,quum essem apud ,philippum sup]u5it ,ioa*9us ,leuantius ,ligur a ,lotre*io missus1 qui deposc]et captiuos2 s$ ille negauit se daturum1 qu&o eos ad ipsum ,&ream ,auriam ammirantem d$uc5dos esse iudic>et4 ,vgonis u] cadau]1 ut illud5tium ,b>b>orum contumeliis erip]etur1 ad ,amalphim urbem delatum e/1 9 deque ,&re apo/oli1 tumultu>iis exequiis tumulatum4 ,9 hac urbe citriorum m$icorum odoratis nemoribus qu p]amo5a celebri1 ,magnetis usum nauigantibus hodie famili>em necess>ium1 ad9u5tum suisse incol ass]unt4 ,flavius ,blondus1 :om ,gilb]t cites1 gives ! foll[+ ref]5ce1 9 :i* ,gioia's "n is n m5tion$1 9 ! section ^u ,campania ,felix ( 8 ,italy 7,blondi ,flavii ,=l95sis 444 ,italia ,illu/rata1 ,basili1 #aeca1 p4 #dbj74 ,s$ fama e/ qua ,amalphitanos audiuimus glori>i1 magnetis usum1 cuius adm9iculo nauigantes ad arcton diriguntur1 ,amalphi suisse inu5tum1 quicquid u]o habeat 9 ea re u]itas1 c]t e/ id noctu nauig&i auxilium priscis omn9o suisse incognitum4 ,!re is a fur!r ref]5ce to ! alleg$ ,amalphian 9 ,caelius ,calcagn9us ,de re nautica comm5tatio4 7,see ,!saurus ,grc>um ,antiquitatum1 #afig1 vol4 xi41 p4 #gfa47 ,on ! o!r h& ,bapti/a ,porta1 :o wrote 9 ,naples 9 #aeeh 7,magia ,naturalis7 di/9ctly sets aside ! claim z baseless4 ,william ,b>l[e1 9 ,! ,navigators ,supply 7#aeig1 p4 ,a#c71 says3 ,:o 0 ! fir/ inu5tor ( ?is ,in/rum5t miracul\s1 & endu$1 z x 71 ) life1 c h>dly be f\nd4 ,! lame tale ( "o ,flauius at ,amelphis1 9 ! k+dome ( ,naples1 = to haue deuis$ x1 is ( v sl5d] probabilitie4 ,p&ulph ,coll5utius writ+ ! ,neapolitane hi/orie telle? vs1 t !y ( ,amelphis say1 x is a common op9ion !re1 t x 0 fir/ f\nd out among !m4 ,b ,polidore ,virgil1 :o se>*$ mo/ dilig5tly = ! ,inu5tors ( ?+s1 c\ld neu] he>e ( ?is op9ion 7yet himselfe be+ an ,italian7 & z he confesse? 9 ! lat] ende ( 8 ?ird booke de inv5toribus r]um1 c\ld neu] vnd]/& any?+ conc]n+ ! fir/ inu5tion ( ?is in/rum5t4 ,accord+ to ,p>k ,b5jam9 7,intellectual ,rise 9 ,electricity1 p4 #adf7 ! use ( ! pivott$ compass arose & spread n f ,amalfi at ! h&s ( ,italians 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 b f ,wisbuy1 at ! h&s ( ! ,f9ns1 9 ! middle ( ! twelf? c5tury4 #aj ,hakewill 7,an ,apologie or ,decl>ation ( ! ,p[] & ,provid5ce ( ,god1 ,london1 #afgc1 pp4 #bhd-bhe7 says3 ,b ,blondus1 :o is !re9 foll[$ by ,pancirollus1 bo? ,italians1 w n haue ,italy loose ! praise !re(1 tell+ vs t ab\t #cjj ye>es agoe x 0 f\nd out at ,malphis or ,melphis1 a ,citty 9 ! ,k+dome ( ,naples 9 ! ,prov9ce ( ,campania1 n[ call$ ,t]ra di ,lovorador4 ,b = ! ,au?or ( x1 ! "o names him n1 & ! o!r assures vs1 he is n kn[ne3 yet ,salmu? out ( ,ciezus ,gom>a confid5tly *ri/5s him ) ! "n ( ,flavius1 & s do? ,du ,b>tas 9 ^? excell5t v]ses ( 8 t\*+ ?is subject4 ',w' are n to ,c]es s mu* b\nd = bread1 ,nei!r to ,bac*us = 8 clu/]s r$1 ,z ,signior ,flavio to ?y witty tryall1 ,= fir/ inv5t+ ( ! ,sea-mans dyall1 ,?' vse ( ! ne$le turn+ 9 ! same1 ,div9e device1 ,o admirable frame6' ,x may well be !n t ,flavius ! ,melvitan 0 ! fir/ inv5tor ( guid+ ! %ip by ! turn+ ( ! ne$le to ! ,nor?3 b "s ,g]man aft]w>ds add$ to ! ,compasse ! #cb po9ts ( ! w9de 9 8 owne language1 :5ce o!r ,nations haue s9ce borr[$ x4 #ae ,,page #d1 ,,l9e #ad4 ,page #d1 l9e #ad4 ,paulum ,v5etum4--,! ref]5ce is to ,m>co ,polo4 ,he return$ 9 #abie f 8 fam\s voyage to ,ca?ay4 ,b ! (t-repeat$ tale t he fir/ introduc$ ! k ( ! compass into ,europe on 8 return is dispos$ ( by sev]al well-e/abli%$ facts4 ,klapro? 7op4 citat41 p4 #eg7 adduces a m5tion ( its use 9 #abdj 9 ! ,ea/]n ,m$it]ranean1 record$ 9 a "w writt5 9 #abdb by ,bailak ( ,kibdjak4 ,& ! passages 9 ! ,icel& ,*ronicle1 & 9 ,alex&] ( ,neckham are /ill e>li]4 #af ,,page #d1 ,,l9e #ag4 ,page #d1 l9e #ag4 ,goropius4 ,see ,hispanica ,ioannis ,goropii ,becani 7,plant9 edition1 ,antv41 #aehj71 p4 #bi4 ,?is is a discussion ( ! etymologies ( ! names ( ! po9ts ( ! compass3 b is q unau?oritative4 #ag ,,page #d1 ,,l9e #bc4 ,page #d1 l9e #bf4 ,p>uaim4--,respect+ ?is ref]5ce1 ,sir ,philip ,magnus has k9dly furni%t ! foll[+ note4 ,a clue to ! mean+ ( ,p>vaim1 :i* %\ld be writt5 9 ,engli% lett]s ) a v1 n a u1 w be f\nd 9 #b ,*ronicles1 iii4 #f4 ,9 ! v]se quot$ ! au?or speaks ( gold z ! gold ( ,p>vaim1 ,hebrew3 ,,:azahab ,,zhab ,,p>wayim1 & ,hebrew3 ,,prwym ,p>vaim is tak5 z a gold-produc+ region4 ,x is reg>d$ by "s z ! same z ,ophir4 ,! ^w is suppos$ to be cognate ) a ,sanskrit ^w prva signify+ prior1 ant]ior1 ori5tal4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! root indicat+ gold4 ,a =m simil> to ,p>vaim1 & also a prop] "n1 is ,seph>vaim1 f\nd 9 #b ,k+s1 xix4 #ac1 & 9 ,isaiah1 xxxvii4 #ac1 & suppos$ to be ! "n ( a city 9 ,assyria4 #ah ,,page #d1 ,,l9e #ce4 ,page #d1 l9e #da4 ,cabot's obs]vation ( ! v>iation ( ! compass is n>rat$ 9 ! ,geografia ( ,livio ,sanuto 7,v9egia1 #aehh1 lib4 i41 fol4 #b74 ,see also ,f\rni]'s ,hydrographie1 lib4 xi41 cap4 #aj4 #ai ,,page #d1 ,,l9e #cf4 ,page #d1 l9e #db4 ,gonzalus ,ovi$us4--,! ref]5ce is to ,gonzalo ,f]n&ez de ,ovi$o y ,valds4 ,summ>io de la ,hi/oria g5]al y natural de las ,indias occid5tales1 #aebe1 p4 #dh1 :]e ! au?or speaks ( ! cross+ ( la l9ea del ,diametro1 donde las ,agujas hac5 la #aa dif]5cia del ,norde/e>1 ,noroe/e>1 que es el p>age de las ,islas de los ,aores4 #bj ,,page #e1 ,,l9e #h4 ,page #e1 l9e #aa4 ,petri cujusdam ,p]egr9i4--,?is opusculum is ! fam\s lett] ( ,pet] ,p]egr9us writt5 9 #abfi1 ( :i* "s tw5ty manuscript copies exi/ 9 v>i\s libr>ies 9 ,ox=d1 ,rome1 ,p>is1 etc41 & ( :i* ! olde/ pr9t$ edition is t ( #aeeh 7,augsburg74 ,see also ,libri1 ,hi/oire des ,sci5ces ,ma?matiques 7#ahch72 ,b]telli 9 ,boncompagni's ,bull4 d4 ,bibliogr4 ,t4 ,i4 & ,t4 ,,iv4 7#ahfh & #ahga71 & ,hellmann's ,r>a ,magnetica 7#ahih74 ,a summ>y ( ! cont5ts ( ,p]egr9us's book w be f\nd 9 ,p>k ,b5jam9's ,intellectual ,rise 9 ,electricity 7#ahie71 pp4 #afd-ahe4 #ba ,,page #e1 ,,l9e #ab4 ,page #e1 l9e #ae4 ,johannes ,taisn] ,hannonius4--,taisni]1 or ,taysni]1 ( ,ha9ault1 0 a plagi>i/ :o took mo/ ( ! treatise ( ,p]egr9us & publi%t x 9 8 ,opusculum444 de ,natura ,magnetis 7,coloni1 #aefb71 ( :i* an ,engli% translation by ,ri*>d ,ed5 0 pr9t$ by ,r4 ,jugge 9 #aegi4 #bb ,,page #e1 ,,l9e #ah4 ,page #e1 l9e #bc4 ,collegium ,conimbric5se4--,?is is a ref]5ce to ! comm5t>ies on ,ari/otle by ! ,jesuits ( ,coimbra4 ,! "w is ,colegio de ,coimbra da ,companhia de ,jesu1 ,cursus ,conimbric5sis 9 ,octo libros ,physicorum 7,coloni1 sumptibus ,laz>i ,ratzn]i1 #aeii74 ,o!r editions3 ,lugd4 #aeid2 & ,colon41 #aeif4 ,! lat] edition ( #afji1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 has ! title ,comm5t>iorum ,collegii ,conimbric5sis 9 octo libros physicorum4 #bc ,,page #e1 ,,l9e #be4 ,page #e1 l9e #ca4 ,m>t9us ,cortesius4--,8 ,arte de ,naveg> 7,sevilla1 #aeef7 w5t ?r\gh v>i\s editions 9 ,spani%1 ,italian1 & ,engli%4 ,ed5's translation 0 publi%t #aefa1 & aga9 9 #afji4 #bd ,,page #e1 ,,l9e #bf4 ,page #e1 l9e #cc4 ,bess>dus4--,t\ssa9cte de ,bess>d wrote a treatise1 ,dialogue de la ,longitude 7,r\51 #aegd71 :i* gives "s useful notes ( nautical practice1 & ( ! ,fr5* con/ruction ( ! compass4 ,speak+ ( ! ne$le he says3 ,elle ne tire pas au pole du monde3 a9s reg>de1 au ,pole du ,zodiaque1 comme il s]a disc\rsu1 cy apres 7p4 #cd74 ,on p4 #ej he speaks ( l'aiguille ,aymant9e4 ,on p4 #ajh he ref]s to ,m]cator's ,c>te ,gnrale1 & d5ies ! exi/5ce ( ! alleg$ load/one rock4 ,on p4 #ae he gives ! mo/ nave etymologies = ! t]ms us$3 ?us he assigns z ! d]ivation ( ,sud ! ,lat9 sudor1 because ! s\? is hot1 & z t ( ,oue/ t x comes f ,ou & ,e/4 ,come1 qui diroit1 ,ou e/-il8 scauoir le ,soleil1 qui e/oit nagu]es sur la t]re4 #be ,,page #e1 ,,l9e #bh4 ,page #e1 l9e #ce4 ,jacobus ,sev]tius4--,jacques ,sev]t1 ^: "w1 ,de ,orbis ,catoptrici sev mapp>vm mvndi pr9cipiis descriptione ac usu libri tres 7,p>is1 #aeih71 w\ld h probably laps$ into obscurity1 b be+ j newly publi%t 0 m5tion$ by ,gilb]t = its follies4 #bf ,,page #e1 ,,l9e #cj4 ,page #e1 l9e #ch4 ,rob]tus ,norman4--,au?or ( ! r>e volume ,! ,newe ,attractiue1 publi%t 9 ,london1 #aeha1 & sev]al times repr9t$4 ,?is "w conta9s an acc\nt ( ,norman's discov]y ( ! ,dip ( ! magnetic ne$le1 & ( 8 inve/igation ( x by means ( ! ,dipp+-ne$le1 :i* he inv5t$4 ,he 0 a compassmak] ( ! port ( ,london1 & liv$ at ,limeh\se4 #bg ,,page #e1 ,,l9e #cb4 ,page #e1 l9e #dj4 ,franciscus ,maurolycus4--,! "w to :i* ! my? ( ! magnetic m\nta9s is ?us cr$it$ is1 ,d4 ,francisci ,abbatis ,messan5sis ,opuscula ,ma!matica1 etc4 7,v5et1 ,,mdlxxv1 p4 #abb;a74 ,s$ cur sagitta1 vel obelus v]o ,sept5trione1 qu&oque ad dextram1 #ab qu&oque ad s9i/ram decl9at8 ,an quia sagitta1 sicut magnes 7cuius e/ simia7 non v]um ,sept5trionem1 s$ insulam qu&am 7quam ,olaus ,magnus ,go?us 9 sua geographia vocat insulam magnetum7 semp] ex natura inspic]e cogitur8 #bh ,,page #e1 ,,l9e #ce4 ,page #e1 l9e #dc4 ,olaus ,magnus4--,! fam\s ,ar*bi%op ( ,upsala1 :o wrote ! hi/ory ( ! nor!rn nations 7,hi/oria de ,g5tibus ,sept5trionalibus71 ( :i* ! be/ edition1 illu/rat$ ) _m woodcuts1 appe>$ 9 ,rome 9 #aeee4 ,an ,engli% edition entitl$ ,a ,comp5di\s ,hi/ory ( ! ,go?s1 ,sw$es1 & ,v&als1 & ,o!r ,nor!rn ,nations 0 pr9t$ 9 ,london 9 #afeh2 b x is mu* abbreviat$ & has none ( ! qua9t woodcuts4 ,! ref]5ce on p4 #e appe>s to be to ! foll[+ passage on p4 #dji 7ed4 #aeee74 ,demum 9 suppol>ibus insulis magnetum montes rep]iuntur1 quorum fragm5tis ligna fag9a c]to tempore applicata1 9 saxeam duritiem1 et vim attractivam conv]tuntur1 or ! foll[+ on p4 #hi3 ,magnetes enim 9 extremo ,sept5trionis veluti montes1 unde nautica directio con/at1 rep]iuntur3 quorum etiam magnetum tam vehem5s e/ op]atio1 ut c]tis lignis fag9eis conjuncti1 ea v]tunt 9 sui duritiem1 naturam attractivam4 ,on p4 #cdc is a woodcut depict+ ! p5alties inflict$ by ! naval laws ^u any "o :o %\ld malici\sly tamp] ) ! compass or ! load/one1 qui malitios nauticum gnomonem1 aut compassum1 prcipu portionem magnetis1 unde omnium directio dep5det1 falsav]it4 ,he 0 to be p9n$ to ! ma/ by a dagg] ?ru/ ?r\gh 8 h&4 ,x w be not$ t ! %ips c>ri$ bo? a compass1 & a piece ( load/one :]e) to /roke ! ne$le4 ,!re is 9 ! ,basel edition ( ?is "w1 #aefg1 a note ad lectorem1 on ! m>g9 ( ,c>ta #af;a1 z foll[s3 ,insula #cj milli>ium 9 longitud4 latitud4 ,polo arctico subjecta4 ,vltra quam directorium nauticum bossolo dicu uires amittit3 propt]ea qud ilia insula pl5a e/ magnetum4 ,?is my? ( ! magnetic m\nta9s1 probably orig9at+ ) ,nic&]1 appe>s1 possibly f an indep5d5t s\rce1 9 ! ,ea/1 9 ,*9a1 & 9 ! tales ( ! ,arabian ,nights4 ,ptolemy gives ! foll[+ acc\nt 9 8 ,geographia 7lib4 vii41 cap4 #b73 ,greek3 ,ph]ontai de kai allai sune*eis deka nsoi kal\m5ai ,maniolai en ais phasi ta sidr\s e*onta hl\s ploia kate*e/hai1 mpote ts ,hrikleias li?\ p]i autas g5om5s1 kai dia t\to epi\rois naupgei/hai4 ,"s editions omit ! "n ( ! ,manioles f ! passage4 ,no two au?orities agree z to ! place ( ^! alleg$ magnetic m\nta9s4 ,"s place !m 9 ! ,r$ ,sea4 ,fraca/orio1 ,de ,sympa?ia et ,antipa?ia1 cap4 #g 7,op]a omnia1 ,giunta edition1 #aegd1 p4 #fc71 gives ! foll[+ reason = ! v>iation ( ! compass3 ,nos igitur dilig5tius rem consid]tes dicimus causam1 q p]p5diculum illud ad polum v]tatur1 esse montes f]ri1 magnetis1 qui sub polo sunt1 vt negociatores affirmant1 quorum species p] incr$ibilem di/antiam vsque ad m>ia no/ra propagata ad p]p5diculum vsq21 vbi e/ magnes1 consuetam attractionem facit3 propt] di/antiam autem quum debilis sit1 non m\]et quidem magnetem1 nisi esset 9 p]p5diculo3 qu>e si non trahit vsq2 ac4 pr9cipium1 vnde effluxit1 at m\et tame1 prop9quiorem facit1 quo pote/4 ,quod si naues sorte vll prop9quiores s9t illis montibus1 f]rum omne e>u cuellitur1 propt] quod nauigijs incol vtuntur clauis ligneis a/rictis4 ,9 ! la/ *apt] ( 8 ,de ,sympa?ia1 ,fraca/orio returns to ! subject #ac 9 consequ5ce ( "s d\bts express$ by ,giambatti/a ,rhamnusio1 see+ t ! load/ones 9 ! ,isl& ( ,elba d n s5sibly deflect ! magnet4 ,fraca/orio replies ?us 7p4 #gf1 op4 citat473 ,primum igitur vtrum sub ,polo s9t4 ,magnetis mtes1 nec ne1 sub ambiguo rel9quamus1 scimus enim esse1 qui scribt planas magis esse eas regiones1 de quo ,paulus ,i\ius ,epu ,nuc]9us ,luculetus hi/ori>u no/ri teporis scriptor1 circa e ,s>mati p>tem1 qu ,mosc\ia nuc dicitur1 dilig5te inquisitionem ab incolis fecit1 qui ne eos eti inu5iri montes retul]e1 qui ,rhyphei ab antiquis dicti sunt3 mem9imus tame nos quasdam *>tas vidisse e>um1 quas mundi mappas appellt1 9 quibus sub polo montes notati erant 7qui ,magnetis montes inscripti fu]ant74 ,siue igitur s9t1 siue non s9t ij montes1 nihil ad nos 9 prs5ti>um att9et1 qu&o p] montes polo subiectos ca!nam illam montium intelligimus1 qui ad sept5trionem spectant tanti1 tam va/i1 ac ,f]ri ,magnetis f]aces3 qui1 si magis di/ant no/ro m>i1 q ,ilu insul montes1 pot5tiores tam5 sunt ad m\5dum p]p5diculum propt] abundantiam copi ,f]ri1 ,magnetis4 ,=tasse autem1 qui 9 ,ilua e/ ,magnes1 non mult actionis e/ 9 ea m9]a3 multi enim du 9 m9]a sunt1 m9us val5t1 q extracti1 q spirituales species sua habeant imp$im5ta3 signum autem p>um val]e 9 sua m9]a ,ilu insul ,magnetem1 q tam prop9quus quum sit nauigijs illac prt]euntibus1 p]p5diculum tam5 non ad se cu]tit4 ,aldrov&i 9 ! ,musum ,metallicum 7,bonon41 #afdh1 p4 #eed7 gives ano!r v]sion ( ! fable3 ,nonnulli1 animadv]sa hac ,magnetis natura1 scrips]unt naves1 quibus 9 ,calecutanam regionem navigatur1 clavis f]reis non figi1 ob magneticorum frequ5tiam scopulorum1 quoniam facil dissolv]5tur4 ,s$ ,g>zias 9 ,hi/oria ,aromatum id fabulosum esse tradidit3 qu&oquidem plures naues ,calecutan regionis1 illius tractus1 f]reis clauis iunctas obs]uauit3 imm addidit naues 9 insulis ,maldiuis ligneis quidem clauis copul>i1 non quia ,magnete sibi metuant1 s$ quoniam f]ri inopia laborant4 ,accord+ to ,aldrov&i 7p4 #efc1 op4 citat47 ! magnetic m\nta9s are /at$ by ,sir ,john ,m&eville to be 9 ! region ( ,pontus4 ,lip5ius 9 8 ,navigatio ,salomonis ,ophritica illu/rata 7,witteb41 #affj71 :i* is a m9e ( curi\s le>n+1 9 discuss+ ! magnetic m\nta9s quotes ! reply ( ,socrates to ! inquir] :o ask$ him z to :at w5t on 9 ! inf]nal regions1 say+ t he _h nev] be5 !re nor _h he ev] met any "o :o _h return$ !nce4 ,! load/one rock figures 9 sev]al e>ly *>ts4 ,9 ,nord5skild's ,facsimile ,atlas 7,/ockholm1 #ahhi7 is giv5 a copy ( ! ,map ( ,johan ,ruys* f an edition ( ,ptolemy1 publi%t 9 ,rome 9 #aejh1 :i* %[s f\r isl&s )9 ! ice-b\nd ,arctic regions4 ,s\? ( ^! isl&s & at ! ea/ ( ! coa/ ( ,gre5l& is ! inscription3 ,hic compassus navium non t5et1 nec naves qu f]rum t55t rev]t]e val5t4 ,to :i* 7on p4 #fc7 ,nord5skild adds ! comm5t3 ,sagan on magnetb]g1 som skulle draga till sig f>tyg fr&e j]n1 r gamal4 ,& he recalls ! ref]5ce ( ,ptolemy to ! magnetic rocks 9 ! ,manioles4 ,a second inscription is add$ to ,ruys*'s map 9 ! ornam5tal m>g9 t bord]s ! ,arctic isl&s4 ,leg]e e/ 9 libro de inv5tione =tunati sub polo arctico rupem esse excelsam ex lapide magnete #cc mili>ium g]manorum ambitu4 ,?is ref]s to a matt] record$ 9 ,hakluyt's ,pr9cipall ,navigations 7,lond41 #aehi1 p4 #bdi71 namely3 ,a ,te/imonie ( ! le>n$ ,ma!matician1 mai/] ,john ,dee1 #ad t\*+ ! =esaid voyage ( ,ni*olas de ,l9na4 ,anno #acfj a fri] ( ,ox=d1 be+ a good ,a/ronom]1 w5t 9 companie ) o!rs to ! mo/ ,nor?r5 isl&s ( ! _w1 & !re leav+ 8 company toge!r1 he travell$ alone1 & purposely describ$ all ! ,nor!rn isl&s1 ) ! indraw+ seas3 & ! record !re( at 8 return he deliv]$ to ! k+ ( ,engl&4 ,! "n ( :i* booke is ,inv5tio ,=tunata 7alit] =tun7 qui lib] incipit a gradu #ed usq4 ad polum4 ,! situation ( ! alleg$ load/one rock is ?us describ$ by ,t4 ,blundevile 9 8 ,ex]cises 9 ! *apt] entitl$ ,a pla9e & full description ( ,pet] ,plancius 8 vniu]sall ,map1 s]u+ bo? = sea & l&1 & by him lately put foor? 9 ! ye>e ( our ,"l1 #aeib4444 ,writt5 9 our "m tongue by ,m4 ,blundeuill1 ,anno ,dom9i #aeid4 ,! passage is quot$ f p4 #bec ( ! ?ird edition 7#afjf73 ,n[ betwixt ! #gb4 & #hf4 degrees ( ,nor? latitude he sette? d[ne two long ,il&s ext5d+ f ! ,we/ t[>des ! ,ea/ some:at beyond ! fir/ ,m]idian1 & f ! saide ,m]idian m ,ea/w>d he sette? d[ne o!r two long ,il&es 444 & hee sai? fur!r t "r "u ! ,nor? pole !re is a c]ta9e blacke & mo/ high rocke :i* ha? 9 circuite ?irtie & ?ree leagues1 :i* is n9tie & n9e miles1 & t ! long ,il& next to ! ,pole on ! ,we/ is ! be/ & mo/ heal?full ( all ! ,nor? p>ts4 ,next to ! =esaide ,il&es m ,s\?w>d hee sette? d[ne ! ,il&es ( ,crockl&e & ,groynel&e1 mak+ !m to haue a f>re long] & m sl5d] %ape !n all o!r mappes doe4444 ,more\] at ! ,ea/ end ( ! la/ ,il&e some:at to ! ,s\?w>de1 he place? ! ,pole ( ! ,lode/one :i* is call$ 9 ,lat9e ,magnes1 eu5 z ,m]cator do? 9 8 ,mappe :o suppos+ ! fir/ ,m]idian to passe ?r\gh ,sa9t ,m>ie or ,sa9t ,mi*ael1 :i* are two ( ! out]mo/ ,il&es ( ! ,azores ,ea/w>de1 place? ! ,pole ( ! /one 9 ! seu5tie fiue degree ( ,latitude1 b suppos+ ! fir/ ,m]idian to passe ?r\gh ! ,ile ,coruo1 :i* is ! fur!/ ,ile ( ! ,azores ,we/w>de1 he place? ! ,pole ( ! ,lode/one 9 ! seu5tie seu5 degree ( ,latitude4 ,fur!r1 9 ! *apt] on ,! ,arte ( ,nauigation 9 ! same "w 7p4 #ccb1 ed4 citat471 ,blundevile says3 ,b :]eas ,m]cator affirme? t !re %\ld bee a m9e or great rocke ( ,adamant1 :]unto all o!r less] rockes or ,ne$les t\*$ ) ! ,lode/one doe incl9e z to _! *iefe f\nta9e1 t op9ion seeme? to mee v]ie /raunge1 = truely ,i r beleeue ) ,rob]t ,norman t ! prop]ties ( ! ,/one1 z well 9 draw+ /eele1 z 9 %ew+ ! ,nor? ,pole1 are secret v]tues giv5 ( ,,god to t /one = mans necess>ie vse & beho(e1 ( :i* secrete v]tues no man is able to %ewe ! true cause4 ,! foll[+ is "o ( ! inscriptions 9 ! comp>tm5ts ( ! great ,*>t ( ,m]cator entitl$ ,ad ,usum ,navigantium1 publi%$ 9 #aefi3 ,te/atur ,franciscus ,diepanus p]itissimus nau>*us volubiles libellas1 magnetis virtute infectas recta mundi polum respic]e 9 insulis ,c4 ,viridis1 ,solis1 ,bonaui/a1 et ,maio1 cui proxime a/ipulantur qui 9 ,t]c]a1 aut ,s4 ,m>ia 7insul sunt int] ,aores7 id fi]i dicunt1 pauci 9 e>undem occid5talissima ,corvi nom9e id cont+]e op9antur4 ,quia v]o locorum longitud9is a communi magnetis et mundi m]idiano iu/is de causis initium sum]e oportet1 plurium te/imonium sequutus primum m]idianum p] dictas ,c4 ,viridis insulas protraxi1 et quum alibi plus m9usque a polo deuiante #ae magnete polum aliquum peculi>em esse oporteat quo magnetes ex omni mundi p>te despiciant1 euum hoc quo assignaui loco exi/]e adhibita decl9atione magnetis ,ratisbon obs]uata didici4 ,supputaui autem eius poli situm etiam respectu insul ,corui1 ut iuxta extremo primi m]idiani positus extremi etiam t]m9i1 intra quos polum hunc inu5iri necesse e/1 conspicui fi]5t1 donec c]tius aliquod naucl]orum obs]uatio attul]it4 ,n all ! map-mak]s 7 z frank z ,paulus ,m]ula1 ! au?or ( a ,cosmographia ,g5]alis1 pr9t$ by ,plant9 9 #afje1 at ,leyd54 ,= 9 ! description ( 8 tabula univ]salis 7op4 citat4 lib4 iii41 cap4 #i7 he says t he does n believe 9 ! magnetic isl&s2 b t he has put !m into 8 *>t le/ unskilful folk %\ld ?9k t he _h be5 s c>eless z to leave !m out6 ,9 ! well-kn[n my? ( ,ogi] ! ,dane1 immortaliz$ by ,william ,morris 9 ! ,e>?ly ,p>adise 7,london1 #ahfi1 vol4 i41 p4 #fbe71 ! load/one rock is an isl& 9 ! f> ,nor?4 ,b ?is /ory is n "o ( ! ,sc&9avian sagas1 & belongs to ! ,c>lov+ian cycle ( h]oic poems1 ( :i* ! *ief is ! ,*anson de ,rol&2 & ,ogi] le ,danois is really n a ,dane b an ,ard5nois4 ,9 ! ,middle-,high ,g]man epic ( ,kudrun1 ! adv5tures ( ! fleet ( ,que5 ,hilda :5 attract$ by ! load/one m\nta9 at ,giv]s1 9 ! ,nor? ,sea1 are n>rat$ at "s l5g?4 7,see ,kudrun1 h]ausgegeb5 und erklrt von ,ern/ ,m>t94 ,halle1 #ahgb47 ,"o /anza w s]ve z a sample3 #aabf4 ,ze ,giv]s vor dem b]ge lac daz ,hild5 h]4 swie guot ir ank] wr51 an daz v9/] m]4 magnt5 die /e9e het5 si gezog54 ir guote segelb\me /uond5 alle gebog54 :i* may be r5d]$3 #aabf4 ,at ,giv]s be=e ! m\nta9 lay ,hilda's %ips by4 ,?\gh good _! an*ors 71 ^u ! murky sea4 ,magnets ! /ones 7 _h drawn !m ?i!r4 ,_! good sail+ ma/s /ood all b5t toge!r4 ,rec5t magnetic rese>* has %[n t :ile !re are no magnetic m\nta9s t w\ld acc\nt = ! decl9ation ( ! compass 9 g5]al1 yet !re are m9or local v>iations t c only be acc\nt$ = by ! pres5ce ( magnetic reefs or rocks4 ,! read] is ref]r$ to ! acc\nt ( ! magnetic survey ( ,great ,brita9 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions 7#ahij7 by ,pr(essors ,rck] & ,?orpe4 ,! well-kn[n rocky peak ! ,riffelhorn above ,z]matt1 9 ,switz]l&1 produces di/9ct p]turbations 9 ! direction ( ! compass )9 half a mile ( its base4 ,su* local p]turbations are regul>ly us$ 9 ,sw$5 = trac+ out ! position ( und]gr\nd lodes ( iron ore4 ,see ,?aln1 ,sur la ,re*]*e des ,m9es de ,f] l'aide de ,mesures magntiques 7,soc4 ,royale des ,sci5ces d',upsal1 #ahgg72 or ,b4 ,r4 ,br\gh1 ,! ,use ( ! ,magnetic ,ne$le 9 explor+ = ,iron ,ore 7,sci5tific ,am]ican1 ,suppl4 ,no4 #fjh1 p4 #igjh1 ,aug4 #bg1 #ahhg74 ,q rec5tly ,dr4 ,h5ry ,wilde1 ,f4,r4,s41 has endeav\r$ to elucidate ! deviations ( ! compass z ! result ( ! configurations ( l& & sea on ! globe1 by means ( a model globe 9 :i* ! ocean areas are cov]$ ) ?9 %eet iron4 ,?is app>atus ,dr4 ,wilde calls a ,magnet>ium4 ,see ,proc4 ,roy4 ,soc41 ,june1 #ahij1 ,jan41 #ahia1 & ,june1 #ahia4 #af ,an actual magnetic rock exi/s 9 ,sc&9avia1 ! foll[+ acc\nt ( x be+ giv5 9 ! ,electrical ,review ( ,new ,york1 ,may #c1 #ahii3 ,! isl& ( ,bornholm 9 ! ,baltic1 :i* consi/s ( a mass ( magnetic iron ore1 is mu* fe>$ by m>9]s4 ,on be+ sight$ !y discont9ue /e]+ by compass1 & g in/ead by ligh?\ses4 ,betwe5 ,bornholm & ! ma9l& !re is also a dang]\s bank ( rock "u wat]4 ,x is said t ! magnetic influ5ce ( ?is ore bank is s p[]ful t a balanc$ magnetic ne$le susp5d$ freely 9 a boat ov] ! bank w take a v]tical position4 #bi ,,page #e1 ,,l9e #ce4 ,page #e1 l9e #dc4 ,josephus ,co/a4--,?is is unque/ionably a mispr9t = ,aco/a 7,joseph de71 ! ,jesuit1 ^: "w ,hi/oria natural y moral de las ,indias 0 publi%t at ,seville 9 #aeij4 ,an ,italian edition appe>$ at ,v5ice 9 #aeif4 ,! ,engli% edition1 translat$ by ,e4 ,grime/one1 ,! ,naturall & ,morall ,hi/orie ( ! ,ea/ & ,we/ ,indies1 0 publi%t 9 ,london 9 #afjd & #ahgh4 ,!re are 9 ,gilb]t's book ref]5ces to two writ]s ( ! "n ( ,co/a or ,co/u1 ,joannes ,co/a ( ,lodi1 :o edit$ ,gal5 & ,avic5na 7see pp4 #c & #fb71 & ,filippo ,co/a ( ,mantua1 :o wrote on antidotes & m$icam5ts 7see p4 #ada74 ,! passage to :i* ,gilb]t ref]s is 9 ,aco/a's ,hi/oria 7ed4 #aeij1 p4 #fd74 ,deziame a mi vn piloto muy die/ro ,portugues q eran quatro puntos en todo el orbe1 donde se afixaua el aguja con el ,norte1 y contaualas por sus nombres1 de que no me acu]do bi54 ,vno de/os es el p>aje de la ,isla del ,cu]uo1 en las ,t]c]as1 o ,islas de ,aores1 como es cosa y a muy sabida4 ,pass&o di alli a mas altura1 ,norue/ea1 que es dezir1 q decl9a al ,poni5te 444 que me dig la causa de/a efecto8444 ,porque vn poco de hi]ro de freg>se c la pi$ra ,iman 444 ,mejor es1 como dize ,gregorio ,!ologo1 que a la ,fe se sujete la razon1 pues aun en su casa no sabe bi5 ent5d]se4444 #cj ,,page #e1 ,,l9e #cf4 ,page #e1 l9e #de4 ,livius ,sanutus4--,livio ,sanuto publi%t at ,v5ice 9 #aehh a folio "w1 ,geografia di/9ta 9 xii ,libri2 ne' quali1 oltre l'esplicatione di no/ri luoghi di ,tolomeo1 della ,bussola e dell' ,aguglia1 si di*i>ono le prov9cie 444 dell' ,africa4 ,9 ?is "w all ,lib] i4 7pages #a-ac7 deals ) obs]vations ( ! compass1 m5tion+ ,seba/ian ,cabot1 & o!r navigators4 ,he gives a map ( ,africa1 %[+ ! c5tral lakes out ( :i* fl[ ! ,zaires fluvius & ! ,zanb]es fluvius4 #ca ,,page #f1 ,,l9e #b4 ,page #f1 l9e #e4 ,=tunius ,affaitatus4--,! "w ( ,affaytatus1 ,physic ac a/ronomi consid]ationes1 0 publi%t 9 ,v5ice 9 #aedi4 #cb ,,page #f1 ,,l9e #c4 ,page #f1 l9e #f4 ,bapti/a ,porta4--,! ref]5ce is to 8 celebrat$ ,magia naturalis1 ! fir/ edition ( :i* came out 9 #aeeh at ,naples4 ,an ,engli% edition1 ,natural ,magick by ,john ,bapti/a ,porta1 a ,neapolita9e1 0 pr9t$ 9 ,london1 #afeh4 ,book sev5 ( ?is volume treats ,( ! wond]s ( ! ,load-/one4 ,9 ! proem to ?is book ,porta says3 ,i knew at ,v5ice ,r4 ,m4 ,paulus1 ! ,v5etian1 t 0 busi$ 9 ! same /udy3 he 0 ,prov9cial ( ! ,ord] ( s]vants1 b n[ a mo/ wor?y ,advocate1 f :om ,i n only confess1 t ,i ga9$ some?+1 b ,i glory 9 x1 because ( all ! m5 ,i ev] saw1 ,i nev] saw any man m le>n$1 or m +5i\s1 hav+ obta9$ ! :ole body ( le>n+2 & is n only ! ,spl5dor & ,ornam5t ( ,v5ice or ,italy1 b ( ! :ole _w4 ,! ref]5ce is to ,fra ,paolo ,s>pi1 bett] kn[n z ! hi/orian ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t4 ,s>pi 0 himself kn[n to ,gilb]t4 #ag ,8 relations ) ,gilb]t are set =? 9 ! memoir prefixt to ! edition ( 8 works1 ,op]e di ,fra ,paolo ,s>pi1 ,s]vita 444 9 ,helm/at1 ,,mdcclxi1 p4 #hc4 ,f9o a que/i giorni cont9uava il ,s>pi a raccorre oss]vazioni sulla decl9azione dell' ,ago ,calamitato2 e poi *' egli1 atteso il v>i>e di tal decl9azione1 assurdit alcuna non trovava rigu>do al p5sam5to dell' ,+lese ,guglielmo ,gilb]to1 cio1 *e l'int]no del no/ro ,globo fosse gran ,calamita4444 ,"h foll[s a quotation f a lett] ( ,s>pi to ,lescass]io3 444 ,unde cuspidem trahi a tanta mole t]r5a1 qu sup]em9et non absurde putavit ,gullielmus ,gilb]tus1 et 9 eo m]idiano respic]e recta polum1 cave putes obs]vatorem errasse4 ,e/ ,vir accuratissimus1 et int]fuit omnibus obs]vationibus1 quas plures olim fecimus1 et aliquas 9 sui gratiam1 et cum arcubus v]tici cupreo innit5tibus1 et cum innatantibus aqu1 et cum brevibus1 et cum longis1 quibus modis omnibus et ,hi]apoli usus suit4 ,s>pi _h correspond5ce ) ,gilb]t1 ,bacon1 ,grotius1 & ,casaubon4 ,he also wrote on magnetism & o!r topics 9 mat]ia di ,fisica1 b ^! writ+s h p]i%t4 ,he appe>s to h be5 ! fir/ to recognize t fire de/roy$ ! magnetic prop]ties4 7,see ,fra ,paolo ,s>pi1 ! greate/ ( ! ,v5etians by ! ,rev4 ,alex&] ,rob]tson1 ,london1 #ahid2 see also ! notice ( ,s>pi 9 ,p>k ,b5jam9's ,intellectual ,rise 9 ,electricity47 #cc ,,page #f1 ,,l9e #g4 ,page #f1 l9e #aa43 ,r4 ,m4 ,paulus ,v5etus4 ,see prec$+ note4 #cd ,,page #f1 ,,l9e #ba4 ,page #f1 l9e #bh43 ,franciscus ,rueus4--,francois de la ,rue1 au?or ( ,de ,gemmis ,aliquot 444 7,p>is1 #aedg74 ,among/ o!r fables n>rat$ by ,rueus is t if a magnet is hung on a balance1 :5 a piece ( iron is attract$ & adh]es to ! magnet1 x adds no?+ to ! weight6 #ce ,,page #f1 ,,l9e #be4 ,page #f1 l9e #cc43 ,s]apio4--,?is acc\nt ( ! magnetic m\nta9s w be f\nd 9 an e>ly ph>macology pr9t$ 9 #aeca 7,arg5torati1 ,g4 ,ulri*] ,&l5us71 ) ! title ,9 hoc volum9e cont9etur insignium m$icorum ,joan4 ,s]apionis ,arabis de ,simplicibus ,m$ic9is opus prcl>um et +5s1 ,av]rois ,arabis de eisdem lib] eximius1 ,rasis filius ,za*>i de eisdem opusculum p]utile4 ,x 0 edit$ by ,o?o ,brunsels4 ,a*illes ,p4 ,gass]1 9 8 ,app5dix to ! ,augsburg edition ( ,p]egr9us1 gives a ref]5ce to ,s]apio ,mauritanus1 p>te #b1 cap4 #cid1 libri de m$ic9is compositis4 #cf ,,page #f1 ,,l9e #cj4 ,page #f1 l9e #ci43 ,olaus ,magnus4 ,see note to p4 #e4 #cg ,,page #f1 ,,l9e #cd4 ,page #f1 l9e #dd43 ,hali ,abas4--,a ref]5ce is giv5 9 ,gass]'s 7#aeeh7 edition ( ,p]egr9us to ,haliabbas ,arabs1 lib4 #b1 practic cap4 #de1 ,regalis ,dispositionis ,m$ic94 ,! passage to :i* ,gilb]t ref]s is f\nd 9 ! volume ,lib] totius m$ic9 necess>ia cot95s 444 quem ,haly filius ,abbas 444 edidit 444 et a ,/ephano ex arabica l+ua r$uctus4 7,lugd41 #aebc1 #dto47 ,lib] ,primus4 ,practice1 ,cap xlv4 de speciebus lapidum1 #dff4 ,lapis magnetes filis e vtute sad5ego3 aiunt qm si t5eatr 9 manu mitigat q sunt 9 p$ibs ipis dolores ac spasmu4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,g4 ,ellis id5tifies ! n\n sad5egum z a ,lat9 corruption ( ! ,arabic "n ( hmatite1 %danaj4 #ch ,,page #f1 ,,l9e #cf4 ,page #f1 l9e #df43 ,pictorius4--,8 poem 0 publi%t at ,basel1 #aefg4 ,see also note on ,m>bodu1 p4 #g1 l9e #bj1 bel[4 #ci ,,page #f1 ,,l9e #cf4 ,page #g1 l9e #a43 ,alb]tus ,magnus4--,alb]tus1 ! celebrat$ ,ar*bi%op ( ,ratisbon1 is responsible = propagat+ sundry ( ! my?s ( ! magnet2 & ,gilb]t nev] loses a *ance ( gird+ at him4 #ah ,! foll[+ examples are tak5 f ! treatise ,de m9]alibus et rebus metallicis 7,lib] ,,ii4 de lapidibus preciosis71 ,v5et41 #aedb4 p4 #aga4 ,et quod mirabile videtur multis 8 lapis adamas qu&o ,magneti supponitur ligat ,magnetem et non p]mittit ipsum f]rum trah]e4 p4 #aic4 ,vnctus aute lapis alleo non trahit1 si sup]ponitur ei ,adamas it]um non attrahit1 ita quod p>uus ,adamas magnu ligat ,magnete4 ,inv5tus aute e/ no/ris teporibus ,magnes qui ab uno angulo traxit f]ru et ab alio fugavit1 et hunc ,ari/ot4 ponit aliud g5us esse ,magnetis4 ,n>rauit mihi quidam ex no/ris sociis exp]imetator quod uidit ,f$]icum ,imp]atorem hab]e ,magnetem qui non traxit f]rum1 s$ f]rum uiceu]sa traxit lapidem4 ,! fir/ edition ( ?is "w de m9]alibus appe>s to h be5 publi%t 9 ,v5ice z a folio 9 #adie4 #dj ,,page #g1 ,,l9e #i4 ,page #g1 l9e #ae4 ,gaud5tius ,m]ula4--,?is obscure passage is f ,lib] ,,iiii41 cap4 xxi41 ,lapides1 ( ! "w ,memorabilium ,gaud5tii ,m]ul444 7,lugd41 #aeef71 :]e we f9d3 ,qui magneti vrs sculps]it imag9em1 qud ,luna melius illuc aspiciat1 filo f]reo susped]it1 compos fiet vrs cle/is virtutis3 v]m cum ,saturni radiis vegetetur1 satius fu]it eam imag9em non hab]e3 scribunt enim ,platonici malos dmones sept5trionales esse 7p4 #bhg74 ,trahit autem magnes f]rum ad se1 quod f]ro sit ord9e sup]ior apud vrsum 7p4 #bhg74 ,! almo/ equally obscure passage 9 ! ,de triplici vita ( ,m>siglio ,fic9o 7,basil41 #aecb7 runs3 ,videmus 9 specula naut>um indice poli libratum acum affectum 9 extremitate ,magnete m\]i ad ,vrsam1 illuc uidelicet trah5te ,magnete3 quoniam 9 lapide hoc prualet uirtus ,vrs1 h9c transf]tur 9 f]rum1 ad ,vrsam trahit utrunq24 ,virtus autem eiusmodi tum ab initio infusa e/1 tum cont9ue ,vrs radijs uegetatur1 ,=sitan ita se habet ,succ9um ad polum alt]um ad paleas4 ,s$ dic int]ea1 ,cur ,magnes trahit ubiq2 f]rum8 non quia simile1 alioqu9 ,magnetem ,magnes trah]et multo magis1 f]rumq2 f]ru3 non quia sup]ior 9 ord9e corporum1 im sup]ius e/ lapillo metallum 444 ,ego autem quum hc explorata hact5us habuissem admodum gratulab>1 cogitabamq2 iuu5is adhuc ,magneti pro uiribus insclup]et 7sic7 coele/is ,vrs figuram1 qu&o ,luna melius illuc aspiciat1 f]ro tuc filo collo susp5d]e4 ,sp]abam equidem ita demum uirtutis me sid]is illius compotem =e1 c4 7p4 #agb74 #da ,,page #g1 ,,l9e #ad4 ,page #g1 l9e #bj4 ,ruellius4--,joannes ,ruellius wrote a h]bal ,de ,natura ,/irpium1 ,p>is1 #aecf1 :i* conta9s a v full acc\nt ( amb]1 & a notice ( ! magnet 7p4 #abe7 & ( ! fable ab\t g>lic4 ,b on p4 #ecj ( ! same "w he ridicules ,plut>* = record+ ?is v matt]4 #db ,,page #g1 ,,l9e #bj4 ,page #g1 l9e #bg4 ,m>bodu ,gallus4--,?is r>e little book is entitl$ ,m>bodei ,galli ,poet vetu/issimi de lapidibus pretiosis ,en*iridion4 ,x 0 pr9t$ at ,p>is 9 #aeca4 ,! ,freiburg edition1 also ( #aeca1 has ! comm5t>ies ( ,pictorius4 ,! poem is 9 ,lat9 hexamet]s4 ,aft] a preface ( tw5ty-"o l9es ! virtues ( /ones are dealt )1 ! p>agraph beg9n+ ) a /atem5t t ,evax1 k+ ( ! ,arabs1 is said to h writt5 to ,n]o an acc\nt ( ! species1 names & col\rs ( /ones1 _! place ( orig9 & _! pot5cies2 & t ?is "w =m$ ! basis ( ! poem4 ,! alleg$ magical p[]s ( ! magnet are recit$ 9 ,caput ,i41 ,adamas4 ,caput ,,xliii41 ,magnes1 gives fur!r my?s4 #ai ,! comm5t>y ( ,pictorius gives ref]5ces to e>li] writ]s1 ,pl9y1 ,dioscorides1 ,b>?olomu ,anglicus1 ,sol9us1 ,s]apio1 & to ! book de lapidibus errone\sly ascrib$ to ,ari/otle4 ,! foll[+ is a specim5 ( ! poem ( ,m>bodeus3 ,magnetes lapis e/ inu5tus apud ,trogloditas1 ,que lapida g5etrix nihilom9us ,india mittit4 ,hic f]rug9ei cognoscitur esse coloris1 ,et ui natur uic9um toll]e f]rum4 ,ed$on magus hoc primum f] dicitur usus1 ,conscius 9 magica nihil esse pot5tius arte4 ,po/ illum f]tur famosa u5efica ,circe ,hoc 9 pr/igijs magicis specialit] usa4 ,?is poem 0 repr9t$ 7#ahed7 9 ,migne's ,patrologia4 ,9 #agii ,johann ,beckmann issu$ an annotat$ v>iorum edition ( ,m>bodeus 7,m>bodi ,lib] ,lapidvm sev de ,gemmis4441 ,gtt+1 #agii71 9 :i* !re is a bibliography ( ! poem1 ! fir/ edition ( :i* appe>s to h be5 publi%t 9 #aeaa1 at ,vi5na1 ?irte5 o!r editions be+ describ$4 ,beckmann adds _m illu/rative notes1 & a notice ( ! ,arabian ,evax1 :o is suppos$ to h writt5 ! treatise de lapidibus4 ,n ! lea/ curi\s "p is a ,fr5* translation alleg$ to h be5 writt5 9 #ajif1 ( :i* ,*ap4 ,,xix4 on ! ,magnet beg9s ?us3 ,magnete trov5t ,trogodite1 ,en ,inde e precieus e/ ditte4 ,f] resemble e si le trait1 ,altresi cum laimant fait4 ,d5dor lama mult durem5t4 ,qi lusoit a en*antem5t4 ,circe lus a dot mult *]e1 ,cele m]veillose =ci]e1 c4 #dc ,,page #g1 ,,l9e #ba4 ,page #g1 l9e #bh4 e*5eidis4--,! e*5eis1 or suck+-fi%1 reput$ to h magical or magnetic p[]s1 is m5tion$ by _m writ]s4 ,z an example1 see ,fraca/orio1 ,de ,sympa?ia et ,antipa?ia1 lib4 i41 cap4 #h1 ,de ,e*9eide1 quomodo firm>e nauigia possit 7,giunta edition1 ,v5et41 #aegd1 p4 #fc74 ,= o!r ref]5ces to ! ,e*5eis see ,gaud5tius ,m]ula 7op4 citat47 p4 #bji4 ,also ,dr4 ,walt] ,*>leton1 ,physiologia ,epicuro ,gass5do-,*>ltoniana 7,lond41 #afed71 p4 #cge4 ,comp>e p4 #fc1 l9e #c4 #dd ,,page #g1 ,,l9e #cc4 ,page #g1 l9e #dc4 ,?omas ,h>iotus1 etc4--,! f\r ,engli%m5 nam$ 7 le>n$ m5 :o _h contribut$ to navigation by magnetic obs]vations4 ,h>riot's acc\nt ( 8 voyage to ,virg9ia is pr9t$ 9 ,hakluyt's ,voyages4 ,rob]t ,hues 7or ,hood7 wrote a treatise on ,globes1 ! ,lat9 edition ( :i* appe>$ 9 #aeic 7d$icat$ to ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh71 & ! ,engli% edition 9 #afch4 ,x 0 republi%t by ! ,hakluyt ,society1 #ahhi4 ,edw>d ,wright1 ! ma!matician & writ] on navigation1 also wrote ! preface to ,gilb]t's own book4 ,abraham ,k5dall1 or ,abram ,k5dal 0 ,portulano1 or sail+-ma/] ( ,sir ,rob]t ,dudley's %ip ! ,be>1 & is m5tion$ 9 ,dudley's ,arcano del ,m>e4 ,on ! return ( ,dudley's exp$ition 9 #aeie1 he jo9$ ,drake's la/ exp$ition1 :i* sail$ t ye>1 & di$ on ! same day z ,drake himself1 #bh ,janu>y1 #aeif4 7,see ,hakluyt1 ed4 #ahji1 iv41 p4 #gc47 #de ,,page #g1 ,,l9e #cf4 ,page #h1 l9e #a4 ,guilielmus ,bor\gh4--,bor\gh's book has ! title3 ,a ,disc\rs ( ! ,v>iation ( ! ,cumpas1 or magneticall #bj ,ne$le4 ,:]e9 is ,ma!matically %ew$1 ! mann] ( ! obs]uation1 effectes1 & application !re(1 made by ,w4 ,b4 ,& is to be annex$ to ,! ,newe ,attractive ( ,r4 ,n41 #aeha 7,london74 #df ,,page #g1 ,,l9e #cg4 ,page #h1 l9e #b4 ,guilielmus ,b>lo4--,ar*deacon ,william ,b>l[e 7au?or1 9 #afaf1 ( ! ,magneticall ,adu]tisem5ts7 wrote 9 #aeig a little "w call$ ,! ,navigators ,supply4 ,x gives a description ( ! ord9>y compass1 & also "o ( a special =m ( m]idian compass provid$ ) sights = tak+ ! be>+s by ! sun4 #dg ,,page #g1 ,,l9e #cg4 ,page #h1 l9e #c4 ,rob]tus ,normannus4 ,see ,note to p4 #e4 #dh ,,page #h1 ,,l9e #ad4 ,page #h1 l9e #ba4 illo fabuloso ,pl9ij bubulco4--,! foll[+ is ,pl9y's acc\nt f ,philemon ,holl&'s ,engli% v]sion ( #afja 7p4 #ehf73 ,z = ! "n ,magnes t x ha?1 x tooke x 7z ,nic&] sai?7 ( ! fir/ inv5tor & devis] !re(1 :o f\nd x 7by 8 say+7 ^u ! m\nta9e ,ida 7= n[ x is to be _h 9 all o!r c\ntries1 l z 9 ,spa9e also27 & 7by report7 a ,neat-he>d he 03 :o1 z he kept 8 bea/s ^u ! a=esaid m\nta9e1 might p]ceive z he w5t up & d[ne1 bo? ! hob-nailes :i* 7 on 8 %oes1 & also ! yron picke or gra9e ( 8 /affe1 to /icke unto ! said /one4 #di ,,page #i1 ,,l9e #bb4 ,page #i1 l9e #cj4 ,diff]5ti priscis ex colore4--,pl9y's acc\nt ( ! load/ones ( diff]5t col\rs :i* came f diff]5t regions is ma9ly tak5 f ,sotacus4 ,! :ite magnet1 :i* 0 friable1 l pumice1 & :i* did n draw iron1 0 probably simply magnesia4 ,! blue load/ones 7 ! be/4 ,see p4 #ehg ( ,holl&'s translation ( ,pl9y1 ,london1 #afja4 ,/4 ,isidore 7,orig9um seu ,etymologi>um1 lib4 xvi41 cap4 #d7 says3 ,omnis autem magnes tanta melior e/1 quanto magis cruleus e/4 #ej ,,page #aj1 ,,l9e #bi4 ,page #aj1 l9e #db4 ,su>ceb]go 444 ,sneb]gum ,annb]gum4--,9 ! ,/ett9 editions ( #afbh & #afcc ^! are spell$ ,sw>ceb]gs 444 ,s*neb]gum ,anneb]gum4 ,! ,cordus giv5 z au?ority = ^! localities is ,val]ius ,cordus1 ! comm5tator on ,dioscorides4 #ea ,,page #aa1 ,,l9e #c4 ,page #aa1 l9e #ab4 ,adriani ,gilb]ti viri nobilis4--,adrian ,gylb]t ( ,s&ridge 9 ! ,c\ntie ( ,devon1 ,g5tleman is ! description ( ! p]son to :om ,que5 ,elizabe? grant$ a pat5t = ! discov]y ( a ,nor?-,we/ passage to ,*9a4 ,see ,hakluyt's ,voyages1 vol4 iii41 p4 #if4 #eb ,,page #aa1 ,,l9e #ag4 ,page #aa1 l9e #bh4 ,dicitur a ,grcis ,greek3 raklios4--,! discussion ( ! names ( ! magnet 9 diff]5t languages by ,gilb]t 9 ?is place is f> f complete4 ,he gives little m ?an is to be f\nd 9 ,pl9y4 ,= m complete discussions ! read] is ref]r$ to ,buttmann1 ,bem]kung5 b] die ,b55nung5 e9ig] ,m9]ali5 bei d5 ,alt51 vorzgli* des ,magnetes und des ,basaltes 7,musum d] ,alt]?umswiss5s*aft1 ,bd4 ,,ii41 pp4 #e-eb1 & #ajb-ajd1 #ahjh72 ,g4 ,f\rni]1 ,hydrographie 7livre xi41 *ap4 ,i1 #afdc72 ,ulisse ,aldrov&i1 ,musum ,metallicum 7,bononi1 #afdh1 lib4 iv41 cap4 #b1 p4 #eed72 ,klapro?1 ,lettre ,m4 le ,b>on ,a4 de ,humboldt1 sur l'inv5tion de la ,b\ssole1 ,p>is1 #ahcd2 ,t4 ,s4 ,davies1 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,magnetical ,discov]y 7,?omson's ,briti% ,annual1 #ahcg1 pp4 #bej-beg72 ,?4 ,h5ri ,m>t91 ,de l',aimant1 de ses noms div]s et de ses v>its suivant les ,anci5s 7,mmoires prs5ts p> div]s savants a l',academie des ,inscriptions et ,belles-lettres1 ,ire srie1 t4 vi41 ,ire p>tie1 #ahfa72 ,g4 ,a4 ,palm1 ,d] ,magnet 9 ,alt]?um 7,programm des k4 wrttemb]gis*5 ,sem9>s ,maulbronn1 ,/uttg>t1 #ba #ahfg74 ,( ^! works1 ^? ( ,klapro? & ( ,m>t9 are by f> ! mo/ important4 ,klapro? /ates t 9 mod]n ,greek1 9 addition to ! "n ,greek3 magntis1 ! magnet also has ! names ,greek3 adamas & ,greek3 kalamita4 ,! =m] ( ^!1 9 v>i\s =ms1 adamas1 adamant1 aimant1 yman1 & pi$ramon1 has gone into _m languages4 ,orig9ally ! ^w ,greek3 adamas 7! unconqu]$7 0 appli$ by ! ,greeks to ! h>de/ ( ! metals ) :i* !y 7 acqua9t$1 t is to say1 to h>d-temp]$ iron or /eel1 & x 0 subsequ5tly because ( its root-signification also giv5 by !m to ! diamond = ! same reason2 x 0 ev5 giv5 to ! h5bane because ( ! deadly prop]ties ( t plant4 ,9 ! writ+s ( ! middle ages1 9 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ,/4 ,isidore1 ,m>bodeus1 & ev5 9 ,pl9y1 we f9d "s confusion betwe5 ! two uses ( adamas to d5ote ! load/one z well z ! diamond4 ,c]ta9ly ! ^w adamas1 )\t ceas+ to be appli$ to ! diamond1 also designat$ ! load/one4 ,at ! same "t 7says ,m>t97 ! ^w magnes 0 pres]v$1 z ,pl9y records1 to designate a load/one ( less] /r5g? ?an ! adamas4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ^w diamas1 or deamans1 _h already 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury be5 introduc$ into ,lat9 to signify ! diamond z di/+ui%t f ! magnet4 ,adamas 0 r5d]$ aymant 9 ! romance v]sion ( ! poem ( ,m>bodeus on /ones 7see ,beckmann's v>iorum edition ( #agii1 p4 #ajb71 & 9 ?is =m x 0 = a "t us$ to d5ote bo? ! magnet & ! diamond4 ,!n x gradually became re/rict$ 9 use to ! /one t attracts iron4 ,"s confusion has also aris5 ) respect to ! ,hebrew "n ( ! magnet4 ,sir ,w4 ,sn[ ,h>ris makes ! foll[+ /atem5t 7,magnetism1 p4 #e73 ,9 ! ,talmud x ! load/one is t]m$ a*zhb'?1 ! /one :i* attracts2 & 9 _! anci5t pray]s x has ! ,european "n magnes4 ,on ?is po9t ,dr4 ,a4 ,lwy has furni%t ! foll[+ notes4 ,! load/one is t]m$ 9 "o ( ! ,talmudical sections & 9 ! ,midra%1 ,eb5 ,%oebe? 7lapis attrah5s74 ,?is w\ld ( c\rse be writt5 ,hebrew3 ',,bn ,,%w',,bt4 ,omitt+ ! ,hebrew3 ,w :i* m>ks ! p>ticipial con/ruction1 ! words w\ld /& ?us3 ,hebrew3 ',,bn ,,%',,bt ,a p]son ref]r+ to ,buxtorf's ,lexicon ,talmudicum w\ld 9 ! index look out = ,lapis magnesius1 or = magnes4 ,he w\ld !n1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 be ref]r$ to ! two words already quot$4 ,n kn[+ ! value ( ! lett]s ( ! ,hebrew alphabet1 he reads ,hebrew3 ',,bn ,,%',,bt ?us3 ,hebrew3 ',,kz%',,bt a*zhab'?4 ,x is true t ,buxtorf has ins]t$ 9 8 ,lexicon ! vocable ,hebrew3 ,,magniyseis1 corruptum ex gr4 ,greek3 magns1 magnts1 magntis1 nam$ aft] ! ,asiatic city ,magnesia4 ,he goes on to say1 ,inde ,a*illes ,/atius i/um lapidem vocavit ,greek3 magnsian li?on4 ,h9c ,hebrew3 ',,bn ,,hmgnjss ,,*m%wk ,,hbrzl4 ,lapis ,magnesius trahit f]rum4 ,"h he quotes f 7,seph]7 ,ikk>em ,,iv41 cap4 #ce4 ,kir*]1 9 8 ,magnes1 sive de ,arte magnetica 7,coloni1 #afdc71 gives sev]al o!r ref]5ces to ,hebrew lit]ature4 ,o!rs h suppos$ t ! ^w ,hebrew3 ,,*lmy% khallami%1 :i* signifies pebble1 rock1 or h>d rock1 to be us$ = ! magnet4 ,z to ! o!r ,greek "n1 ,greek3 sidritis1 or ,greek3 li?os sidritis ?is 0 giv5 n only to ! load/one b also to non-magnetic iron4 ,9 ! ,etymologicum magnum 7"u ! ^w ,greek3 magntis71 & 9 ,photius 7,qu/4 amphilo*41 q4 #aca71 x is /at$ t ! "n sid]itis 0 giv5 to ! load/one ei!r because ( its action on iron1 or ( its resemblance 9 aspect to iron1 or r1 !y say1 because ! load/one 0 orig9ally f\nd 9 ! m9es ( ?is metal4 ,alex&] ( ,aphrodisias expressly says 7,qutiones ,physic1 ,,ii4 #bc7 t #bb ! load/one appe>s to be no?+ else ?an ,greek3 g sidritis1 ! e>? :i* yields iron1 or ! e>? ( iron4 #ec ,,page #aa1 ,,l9e #ai4 ,page #aa1 l9e #bi4 ab ,orpheo4--,! ref]5ce is to v4 #cja-cbh ( ! ,greek3 ,li?ika4 ,! passage1 z giv5 9 ,abel's edition 7,b]ol41 #ahha71 beg9s3 ,greek3 ,tolma d' a?anat\s kai h5ei meilisse?ai ,greek3 magnssi1 tn d' exo*' ephilato ?\sios ,ars1 ,greek3 h\nek51 hoppote k5 pelasi polioio sidr\1 ,greek3 ute p>!nik t]5o*roa *]s9 hel\sa ,greek3 i!on /]ni prosptussetai him]o5ti1 ,greek3 hs hg' h>paz\sa poti sphet]on demas haiei ,greek3 aps pal9 ouk e!lei me!m5 polemi/a sidron4 #ed ,,page #aa1 ,,l9e #bj4 ,page #aa1 l9e #ca4 ,gallis aimant4--,! ,fr5* ^w aimant1 or aymant1 is g5]ally suppos$ to be d]iv$ f adamas4 ,nev]!less ,klapro? 7op4 citat41 p4 #ai7 sugge/s t ! ^w aimant is a m]e lit]al translation into ,fr5* ( ! ,*9ese ^w ?su *y1 :i* is ! common "n ( ! magnet1 & :i* means lov+ /one1 or /one t loves4 ,all ?r\gh ! ea/ ! names ( ! magnet h mo/ly ! same signification1 = example1 9 ,sanskrit x is ?\mbaka 7! kiss]71 9 ,h9du/ani t*ambak4 #ee ,,page #aa1 ,,l9e #bj4 ,page #aa1 l9e #cb4 ,italis calamita4--,! "n calamita1 univ]sal 9 ,italian = ! magnet1 is also us$ 9 ,r\manian1 ,croatian1 ,bosnian1 & ,w5di%4 ,its suppos$ d]ivation f ! ,hebrew khallam% is repudiat$ by ,klapro?1 :o also po9ts out t ! use ( ,greek3 kalamita 9 ,greek is q mod]n4 ,he adds t ! only reasonable explanation ( ! ^w calamita is t giv5 by ,fa!r ,f\rni] 7op4 citat471 :o says3 ,ils 7les m>9s franais7 la nomm5t aussi calamite1 qui proprem5t en franais signifie une gr5\ille v]te1 p>ce qu'avant qu'on ait tr\v l'inv5tion de susp5dre et de balanc] sur un pivot l'aiguille aimante1 nos anctres l'enf]mai5t dans une fiole de v]re demi-remplie d'eau1 et la faisai5t flott]1 p> le moy5 de deux petits ftus1 sur l'eau comme une gr5\ille4 ,klapro? adds t he entirely agrees ) ! le>n$ ,jesuit1 b ma9ta9s t ! ^w calamite1 to designate ! little gre5 frog1 call$ to-day le graisset1 la ra9e1 or la ra9ette1 is ess5tially ,greek4 ,= we read 9 ,pl9y 7,hi/4 ,nat4 lib4 xxxii41 *4 x473 ,ea rana quam ,grci calamit5 vocant1 quoniam int] arund9es1 fruticesque vivat1 m9ima omnium e/ et viridissima4 #ef ,,page #aa1 ,,l9e #bj4 ,page #aa1 l9e #cb4 ,anglis load/one adamant /one4 ,! ,engli% t]m load/one is cle>ly connect$ ) ! ,anglo-,saxon v]b lo$an1 to lead1 & ) ! ,icel&ic leid]-/e94 ,!re is no d\bt t ! spell+ lode/one w\ld be etymologically m correct1 s9ce x means /one t leads n /one t c>ries a load4 ,! correct =m is pres]v$ 9 ! ^w lode-/>4 ,! ^w adamant1 f adamas1 ! m$ival ^w = bo? load/one & diamond1 also occurs 9 ,engli% = ! load/one1 z witness ,%akespe>e3 ,y draw me1 y h>d-he>t$ adamant ,b yet y draw n iron2 = my he>t ,is true z /eel4 ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream1 ,act ,,ii1 ,sc5e #a4 #eg ,,page #aa1 ,,l9e #ba4 ,page #aa1 #bc l9e #cc4 ,g]manis magness1 siegel/e94 ,! ,/ett9 edition ( #afbh reads ,g]manis ,,magnet/e91 ,belgis ,,seyl/e52 :ile t ( #afcc reads ,g]manis ,,magnet/e91 ,belgis ,,syl/e54 #eh ,,page #aa1 ,,l9e #bf4 ,page #aa1 l9e #ci4 ,9 ?is l9e ! ,greek s5t5ce is1 9 e kn[n copy ( ! folio ( #afjj1 correct$ 9 ink ^u ! text1 ,greek3 ?als be+ ?us alt]$ into ,greek3 ,?als1 & ,greek3 apomnemonu\si into ,greek3 apomnemoneu\si4 ,f\r l9es l[]1 brackets h be5 ins]t$ ar\nd ! words 7lapidum specul>ium modo74 ,^! ink corrections mu/ h be5 made at ! pr9t]s'1 possibly by ,gilb]t's own h&4 ,!y h be5 c>ri$ out z errata 9 ! editions ( #afbh & #afcc4 ,! facsimile ,b]l9 repr9t ( #ahib has delet$ !m1 h[ev]4 ,o!r ink corrections on pp4 #ad1 #bb1 #ch1 #ci1 #dg1 #acj1 & #bjj ( ! folio edition ( #afjj are not$ 9 due c\rse4 #ei ,,page #aa1 ,,l9e #bi4 ,page #aa1 l9e #de4 lapis specul>is4 ,?is is ! m$ival "n = mica1 b 9 ,elizabe?an times kn[n z talc or muscovy /one4 ,c>dan1 ,de ,r]um ,v>ietate 7,basil41 #aeeg1 p4 #dah71 lib4 xiiii41 cap4 lxxii41 m5tions ! use ( lapis specul>is = w9d[s4 #fj ,,page #aa1 ,,l9e #ca4 ,page #aa1 l9e #df43 ,g]manis ,katz5silb> ,talke4--,9 ! editions ( #afbh & #afcc ?is is correct$ to ,g]manis ,,katz5silb] ,,talcke4 ,goe!1 9 ,wilhelm ,mei/]'s ,travels1 calls mica cat-gold4 #fa ,,page #ab1 ,,l9e #cj4 ,page #ab1 l9e #ce4 integtum appe>s to be a mispr9t = integrum1 :i* is ! read+ ( editions #afbh & #afcc4 #fb ,,page #ac1 ,,l9e #d4 ,page #ac1 l9e #c4 ,greek3 mikrog seu ,t]rella4 ,al?\gh r\nd$ load/ones _h be5 us$ be=e ,gilb]t's "t 7see ,p]egr9us1 p4 #c ( ,augsburg edition ( #aeeh1 or ,bapti/a ,porta1 p4 #aid1 ( ,engli% edition ( #afeh71 ,gilb]t's use ( ! sph]ical load/one z a model ( ! globe ( ! e>? is di/9ctive4 ,! "n ,t]rella rema9$ 9 ! language4 ,9 ,pepys's ,di>y we read h[ on ,octob] #b1 #affc1 he receiv$ a lett] f ,mr4 ,b>l[ ) a t]ella4 ,john ,evelyn1 9 8 ,di>y1 ,july1 #afee1 m5tions a pretty t]ella ) ! circles & %[+ ! magnetic deviations4 ,a ,t]rella1 #d in*es 9 diamet]1 0 pres5t$ 9 #affb by ,k+ ,*>les ,i4 to ! ,royal ,society1 & is /ill 9 its possession4 ,x 0 exam9$ 9 #afhg 7see ,phil4 ,transactions = t ye>7 by ! ,society to see :e!r ! positions ( its poles _h *ang$4 ,9 ,grew's ,catalogue & ,description ( ! ,r>ities belong+ to ! ,royal ,society & pres]v$ at ,gre%am ,college 7,london1 #afha1 p4 #cfd7 is m5tion$ a ,t]rella contriv$ by ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,wr51 ) "o half imm]s$ 9 ! c5tre ( a plane horizontal table1 s z to be l a ,globe ) ! poles 9 ! horizon1 hav+ ?irty-two magnet ne$les m\nt$ 9 ! m>g9 ( ! table to %[ ! diff]5t respect ( ! ,ne$le to ! sev]al ,po9ts ( ! ,load/one4 ,9 ,sir ,john ,pettus's ,fleta ,m9or1 ,london1 #afhc1 9 ! ,diction>y ( ,metallick ,words at ! end1 "u ! ^w ,load/one occurs ! foll[+ passage3 ,ano!r piece ( ,curiosity ,i saw 9 ! ,h&s ( ,sir ,william ,p]sal 7s9ce ,deceas$ also7 viz41 a ,t]rella or ,load-/one1 ( little m ?an #f ,in*es ,diamet]1 turn$ into a ,globul> ,=m1 & all ! ,imag9]y ,l9es ( our ,t]re/rial ,globe1 exactly drawn ^u x3 viz4 ! ,artick & ,ant>tick ,circles1 ! two ,tropicks1 ! two ,colures1 ! ,zodiack & ,m]idian2 & ^! ,l9es1 & ! sev]al ,c\ntryes1 artificially ,pa9t$ on x1 & all ( !m ) _! true ,di/ances1 f ! two ,pol> ,po9ts1 & to f9d ! tru? ( ^? ,po9ts1 he took two little pieces ( a ,ne$le1 ea* ( ab\t half #bd an ,in* 9 l5g?1 & ^? he laid on ! ,m]idian l9e1 & !n ) ,brass ,compasses1 mov$ "o ( !m t[>ds ! ,artick1 :i* z x 0 mov$1 /ill rais$ x self at "o end high] & high]1 keep+ ! o!r end fixt to ! ,t]rella2 & :5 x _h compleat$ x ,j\rny to ! v ,artick ,po9ts1 x /ood upright ^u t ,po9t2 !n he mov$ ! o!r piece ( ,ne$le to ! ,ant>tick ,po9t1 :i* _h its ,elevations l ! o!r1 & :5 x came to ! ,po9t1 x fixt x self ^u t ,po9t1 & /ood upright1 & !n tak+ ! ,t]rella 9 my ,h&1 ,i c\ld p]fectly see t ! two pieces ( ,ne$les /ood s exactly "o aga9/ ! o!r1 z if x _h be5 "o intire long ,ne$le put ?r\gh ! ,t]rella1 :i* made me give cr$it to ^? :o held1 ,t !re is an ,a/ral ,influ5ce t d>ts x self ?r\gh ! ,globe ( ,e>? f ,nor? to ,s\? 7& is z ! ,axel-,tree to ! ,:eel1 & s call$ ! ,axis ( ! ,_w7 ab\t :i* ! ,globe ( ! ,e>? is turn$1 by an ,a/ral ,p[]1 s z :at ,i ?\ght imag9>y1 by ?is ,demon/ration1 ,i f\nd real4 #fc ,,page #ac1 ,,l9e #bj4 ,page #ac1 l9e #bb4 ,! editions ( #afbh & #afcc give a diff]5t woodcut f ?is3 !y %[ ! t]rella l9$ ) m]idians1 equator1 & p>allels ( latitude3 & !y give ! compass ne$le1 at ! top1 po9t+ 9 ! wrong direction4 #fd ,,page #ad1 ,,l9e #c4 ,page #ad1 l9e #c4 ,! ,b]l9 facsimile repr9t omits ! a/]isk "h4 #fe ,,page #ad1 ,,l9e #e4 ,page #ad1 l9e #f4 erectus alt]$ 9 ink 9 ! folio to erecta4 ,b erectus is pres]v$ 9 editions #afbh & #afcc4 ,9 ,cap4 ,,iiii41 on p4 #ad1 bo? ^! ,/ett9 editions ins]t an additional cut repres5t+ ! t]rella ,a plac$ 9 a tub or vessel ,b float+ on wat]4 #ff ,,page #ad1 ,,l9e #cd4 ,page #ad1 l9e #ci4 v>iatione quada4 ,! :ole ( ,book ,,iiii4 is devot$ to a discussion ( ! v>iation ( ! compass4 #fg ,,page #af1 ,,l9e #bh4 ,page #af1 l9e #cd4 aqu4--,?is curi\s use ( ! dative occurs also on p4 #bbb1 l9e #h4 #fh ,,page #ag1 ,,l9e #a4 ,page #ag1 l9e #a4 videbis4--,! read+ vibebis ( ! #afcc edition is an error4 #fi ,,page #ah1 ,,l9e #bd4 ,page #ah1 l9e #bg4 ,!am$em4--,= ! my? ab\t ! alleg$ ,!am$es1 or repell+ magnet1 see ,c>dan1 ,de ,subtilitate 7folio ed41 #aeej1 lib4 vii41 p4 #ahf74 ,pl9y's acc\nt1 9 ! ,engli% v]sion ( #afja 7p4 #ehg71 runs3 ,to conclude1 !re is ano!r m\nta9e 9 ! same ?yopia1 & n f>re f ! said ,zimiris1 :i* bre$e? ! /one ,!am$es t w abide no yron1 b rejecte? & drive? ! same f x4 ,m>t9 ,cortes1 9 8 ,arte de ,naueg> 7,seville1 #aeef71 wrote3 ,& true x is t ,tanxeades write?1 t 9 ,e?iope is f\nd ano!r k9de ( ?is /one1 t putte? yron f x 7,ed5's translation1 ,london1 #afji74 #gj ,,page #ba1 ,,l9e #bd4 ,page #ba1 l9e #be4 ,hic segetes1 c4--,! ,engli% v]sion ( ^! l9es f ,v]gil's ,georgics1 ,book ,i41 is by ! late ,mr4 ,r4 ,d4 ,blackmore4 #ga ,,page #bb1 ,,l9e #ah4 ,page #bb1 l9e #ai4 quale1 alt]$ 9 ink 9 ! folio text to qualis4 ,! editions ( #afbh & #afcc bo? read qualis4 #gb ,,page #bb1 ,,l9e #ai4 ,page #bb1 l9e #bj4 rubrica fabrili3 9 ,engli% ruddle or r$dle4 ,see ,sir ,john ,hill1 ,a ,g5]al ,natural ,hi/ory1 #agdh1 p4 #dg4 ,9 ! ,de ,re ,metallica ( ,entzelt 7,encelius71 ,frankfurt1 #aeea1 p4 #acd1 is a p>agraph head$ ,de ,rubrica ,fabrili1 z foll[s3 ,rubrica fabrilis duplex #be e/4 ,g]manis at utraque dicitur rottel1 rttel/e91 wie die zimm]let vnd /eynmetz5 brau*54 ,grcis ,greek3 miltos tektonik4 ,e/ enim alia nativa1 alia factitia4 ,natiua ,g]manis propri dicitur b]ckrottel4 haec apud nos e/ fossilis4444 ,porro factitia e/ rubrica fabrilis1 ,g]manis braunrottel1 qu fit ex o*ra u/a1 ut ,!ophra/us et ,dioscorides te/antur4 #gc ,,page #bb1 ,,l9e #ai4 ,page #bb1 l9e #bj4 ,9 ,sussexia ,angli4--,9 ,camd5's ,britannia 7#aehj7 we read conc]n+ ! iron indu/ry 9 ! villages 9 ,sussex3 ,!y are full ( iron m9es 9 sundry places1 :]e1 = ! mak+ & f\nd+ !re(1 !re be furnaces on e side2 & a huge deal ( wood is ye>ly burnt4 ,! heavy =ge-hamm]s1 work$ by wat]-p[]1 /or$ 9 hamm]-ponds1 ceaselessly beat+ ^u ! iron1 fill ! neighb\rhood r\nd ab\t1 day & night1 ) cont9ual noise4 #gd ,,page #bc1 ,,l9e #a4 ,page #bb1 l9e #dd4 9 libro ,ari/otelis de admir&is n>rationibus4--,! ref]5ce is to ! "w usually kn[n z ! ,de ,mirabilibus ,auscultationibus1 ,cap4 ,,xlviii43 ,f]tur autem peculi>issima g5]atio esse f]ri ,*alybici ,amis5ique1 ut quod ex sabulo quod a fluviis def]tur1 ut p]hib5t c]te1 conflatur4 ,alii simplicit] lotum 9 =nace excoqui1 alii v]o1 quod ex lotura subs$it1 frequ5tius lotum comburi tradunt adjecto simul et pyrima*o dicto lapide1 qui 9 i/a regio plurimus rep]iri f]tur4 7,ed4 ,didot1 vol4 ii41 p4 #hg47 ,accord+ to ,georgius ,agricola1 ! /one pyrima*us is simply iron pyrites4 #ge ,,page #bc1 ,,l9e #bb4 ,page #bc1 l9e #bc4 vt 9 ,italia ,comi1 c4--,?is is mo/ly tak5 f ,pl9y4 ,comp>e ! foll[+ passage f ,philemon ,holl&'s translation 7#afja71 p4 #ead3 ,b ! mo/ v>ietie ( yron comme? by ! meanes ( ! wat]1 :]e9 ! yron r$-hot is eftsoones dipp$ & qu5*$ = to be h>d5$4 ,& v]ely1 wat] only :i* 9 "s place is bett]1 9 o!r worse1 is t :i* ha? ennobl$ _m places = ! excell5t yron t comme? f !m1 z namely1 ,bilbilis 9 ,spa9e1 & ,t>assio1 ,comus also 9 ,italie2 = none ( ^! places h any yron m9es ( _! owne1 & yet !re is no talke b ( ! yron & /eele t comme? f !nce4 ,bilbilis is ,bambola1 & ,t>iassona ! ,t>azona ( mod]n ,spa94 #gf ,,page #bd1 ,,l9e #bh4 ,page #bd1 l9e #bg4 ,qu>e vani sunt illi ,*emici4--,gilb]t _h no fai? 9 ! al*emi/s4 ,on pp4 #ai & #ba he _h pok$ fun at !m = decl>+ ! metals to be con/itut$ ( sulphur & quicksilv]1 & = pron\nc+ ! fix$ e>? 9 iron to be sulphur4 ,on p4 #bj he _h d5i$ _! proposition t ! diff]5ces betwe5 silv]1 gold1 & copp] c\ld arise f proportions ( _! con/itu5t mat]ials2 & he likewise d5\nc$ unsp>+ly ! suppos$ relation betwe5 ! sev5 metals & ! sev5 planets4 ,he n[ d5\nces ! va9 dreams ( turn+ all metals into gold1 & all /ones into diamonds4 ,lat] he rejects z absurd ! magnetic cur+ ( w\nds4 ,8 deta*m5t f ! pseudo-sci5ce ( 8 age 0 unique if n complete4 #gg ,,page #be1 ,,l9e #ae4 ,page #be1 l9e #af4 ,petro-coriis1 ,cabis ,biturgibus4--,! ,petro-corii 7 a tribe 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,p]igord2 ! ,cubi ,biturges ano!r 9 t ( ,b\rges4 #gh ,,page #be1 ,,l9e #ba4 ,page #be1 l9e #bc4 ,pl9y's acc\nt1 z translat$ by ,p4 ,holl& 7ed4 #afja1 p4 #eae71 runs ?us3 ,( all m9es t be1 ! ve9e ( ?is mettall is l>ge/1 & spreade? x selfe into mo/ l5g?s e way3 z we may see 9 t "p ( ,biscay t coa/e? along ! sea1 & ^u :i* ! ,ocean beate?3 :]e !re #bf is a craggie m\nta9e v /eep & high1 :i* /&e? all ^u a m9e or ve9e ( yron4 ,a wond]full ?+1 & 9 mann] incr$ible1 h[beit1 mo/ true1 accord+ z ,i h %ew$ already 9 my ,cosmographie1 z t\*+ ! circuit ( ! ,ocean4 #gi ,,page #bf1 ,,l9e #ae4 ,page #bf1 l9e #ab4 quas ,clampas no/ri vocant4--,! "n clamp = ! natural kiln =m$ by heap+ up ! bricks1 ) v5tilat+ spaces & fuel )9 ! heap1 is /ill curr5t4 #hj ,,page #bf1 ,,l9e #ci4 ,page #bf1 l9e #ch4 ,pluebat 9 ,taur9is f]rum4--,! occurr5ce is n>rat$ by ,scalig]1 ,de ,subtilitate1 ,ex]citat4 cccxxiii43 ,s$ fals lapidis pluviam creas tu ex pulv]e hau/o nubibus1 atque 9 lapidem cond5sato4 ,at f]rum1 quod pluit 9 ,taur9is1 cuius fru/um apud nos extat1 qua ex fod9a su/ulit nubes8 ,tribus circit] annis ant1 qum ab ,rege prov9cia illa recepta esset1 pluit f]ro multis 9 locis1 s$ r>is 7p4 #dcd1 ,editio ,luteti1 #aeeg74 ,dur+ ! latt] ages ( ! ,roman ,empire ! city ( ,augu/a ,taur9orum seems to h be5 commonly kn[n 7z 0 ! case 9 _m in/ances 9 ,transalp9e ,gaul7 by ! "n ( ! tribe to :i* x belong$1 & is call$ simply ,taur9i 9 ! ,it9]>ies1 z well z by o!r writ]s1 h5ce its mod]n "n ( ,tor9o or ,tur9 7,smi?'s ,diction>y ( ,greek & ,roman ,geographies1 p4 #aaac74 ,!re exi/s a consid]able lit]ature respect+ falls ( meteors & ( meteoric iron4 ,livy1 ,plut>*1 & ,pl9y all record examples4 ,see also ,rem>ks conc]n+ /ones said to h fall5 f ! cl\ds1 by ,edw>d ,k+ 7,london1 #agif72 ,*ladni1 ,ueb] d5 ,ursprung d] von ,pallas gefund55 und &]] ihr hnli*] ,eis5mass5 7,riga1 #agid72 ,philosophical ,transactions1 vol4 lxxviii41 pp4 #cg & #ahc2 vol4 lxxxv41 p4 #ajc2 vol4 xcii41 p4 #agd2 ,humboldt's ,cosmos1 vol4 i4 7p4 #ig ( ,london edition1 #ahfj72 ,c4 ,rammelsb]g1 ,die *emis*e ,natur d] ,meteorit5 7,b]l91 #ahgi72 ,maskelyne1 ,"s lecture-notes on ,meteorites pr9t$ 9 ,nature1 vol4 xii41 pp4 #dhe1 #ejd1 & #ebj1 #ahge4 ,maskelyne d5om9ates z sid]ites ^? meteorites :i* consi/ *iefly ( iron4 ,!y usually conta9 f #hj to #ie p] c5t4 ( iron1 (t5 alloy$ ) nickel4 ,?is meteoric iron is sometimes s pure t x c at once be =g$ by ! smi?4 ,an admirable summ>y ( ! :ole subject is to be f\nd 9 ,l4 ,flet*]'s ,an ,introduction to ! /udy ( ,meteorites1 publi%t by ! ,briti% ,museum 7,nat4 ,hi/471 ,london1 #ahif4 #ha ,,page #bg1 ,,l9e #c4 ,page #bf1 l9e #da4 vt ,c>danus 444 scribit4--,! passage runs3 ,vidimus anno ,,mdx cum cecidisset coelo lapides circit] ,,mcc 9 agrum fluvio ,abdu cont]m9um1 ex 8 unum ,,cxx pondo1 alium sexag9ta delati fu]unt ad reges ,galloru satrapes1 plurimi3 colos f]rug9eus1 durities eximia1 odor sulphureus 7,c>dan1 ,de ,r]um ,v>ietate1 lib4 xiiii41 cap4 lxxii42 ,basil41 #aeeg1 p4 #ede74 #hb ,,page #bg1 ,,l9e #i4 ,page #bg1 l9e #b4 aut /annum1 aut plumbum album4 ,al?\gh mo/ au?orities agree 9 translat+ plumbum album or plumbum c&idum z t9 7:i* is unque/ionably ! mean+ 9 su* examples z ,pl9y's ,nat4 ,hi/41 xxxiv4 #cdg1 & iv4 #af2 or ,/rabo1 iii4 #adg71 nev]!less x is c]ta9 t "h plumbum album is n giv5 z a synonym ( /annum & !re=e is n t94 ,t ,gilb]t meant ei!r spelt] or pewt] is pretty c]ta94 ,he bas$ 8 metallic t]ms ma9ly ^u ,encelius 7,*ri/oph ,entzelt7 ^: ,de ,re ,metallica 0 publi%$ at ,frankfurt 9 #aeea4 ,f ?is "w are tak5 ! foll[+ passages3 #bg p4 #fa4 ,de ,plumbo c&ido4 ,cap4 ,,xxxi4 ,veluti plumbum nigru uocatur ,g]manis blei simplicit]1 od' s*w>tzblei3 ita plumbu c&idu ab 8 uocatur weissblei1 od' zi4 ,impropri autem plumbum hoc no/rum c&idum zi1 /annum dicitur4 ,et non sunt idem1 ut hact5us volu]unt1 /annum et plumbum c&idum1 uns] zi4 ,aliud e/ /annum1 de quo mox agemus3 et aliud plumbum c&idum no/rum1 uns] zi1 quod nigro plumbo quasi e/ quidd purius et p]fectius4444 p4 #fb4 ,de ,/anno4 ,cap4 ,,xxxii4 ,9 prc$5ti capite indicauimus aliud esse /annum1 aliud esse plumbu c&idu4 ,illa ergo def9itio plumbi c&idi1 dess z9nes1 eti apud *imi/as n de /anno1 s$ de plumbo c&ido 7ut mihi uidetur7 intellig5da e/1 cum dicunt3 ,/annum 7es soll heyss5 plumbum c&idum7 e/ metallicum album1 non purum1 lividum4444 p4 #fc4 ,sic uides /annum1 secundum ,s]apionem1 metallicum esse quod rep]itur 9 sua propria u5a1 ut =sitan apud nos bisemutu3 ectra no/ru c&idu plumbu1 e/ ,pl9ij c&idu plumbu1 das z91 quod cflatur ut plumbum nigrum1 ex pyrite1 gal5a1 et lapillis nigris4 ,de9de uides /annum ,pl9io esse quidd de plumbo nigro1 nempe primum fluorem plumbi nigri1 als wann man vns] bley ertz s*meltzet1 das er/ das d flesset1 zwre ,pl9io /annum4 ,et hoc docet ,pl9ius adult]>i plubo c&ido1 mit vns]m z9n1 vnd wann du ihm re*t na*d5cke/1 d>uon die kann5 gema*t w]d51 das man halbw]ck hei/4444 ,o ir los5 vngel]t51 vnck5br5n]4 ,/annum proculdubio ,arabis metallum e/ preciosius no/ro c&ido plumbo3 sicuti apud nos bisemu?um quiddam plumbo preciosius4 #hc ,,page #bg1 ,,l9e #ba4 ,page #bg1 l9e #ag4 v5as 444 v5is4--,x is impossible to give 9 ,engli% ?is play on words betwe5 ve9s ( ore & ve9s ( ! animal body4 #hd ,,page #bh1 ,,l9e #bc4 ,page #bh1 l9e #bj4 quem nos v]ticitatem dicimus4--,see ! notes on ,gilb]t's gloss>y1 ante4 ,! ^w v]ticity rema9$ 9 ! language4 ,on p4 #adj ( ,joseph ,glanvill's ,vanity ( ,dogmatiz+ 7,lond41 #affa7 we read3 ,we believe ! v]ticity ( ! ,ne$le1 )\t a ,c]tificate f ! dayes ( old4 #he ,,page #bi1 ,,l9e #ae4 ,page #bi1 l9e #af4 ,nos v] dilig5tis omnia exp]i5tes4--,! me?od ( c>efully try+ ev]y?+1 in/ead ( accept+ /atem5ts on au?ority1 is *>act]i/ic ( ,gilb]t's "w4 ,! l>ge a/]isks affix$ to ,*apt]s ,,ix4 ,x4 ,,xi4 ,,xii4 & ,,xiii4 ( ,book ,i4 indicate t ,gilb]t consid]$ !m to ann\nce important orig9al magnetical discov]ies4 ,! electrical discov]ies ( ,book ,,ii41 ,*apt] ,,ii41 are simil>ly di/+ui%$4 ,a ri* crop ( new magnetical exp]im5ts1 m>k$ ) m>g9al a/]isks1 l>ge & small1 is to be f\nd 9 ,book ,,ii41 f ,*apt] ,,xv4 to ,*apt] ,,xxxiv42 :ile a ?ird s]ies ( exp]im5tal magnetical discov]ies ext5ds ?r\gh\t ,book ,,iii4 #hf ,,page #ca1 ,,l9e #cj4 ,page #ca1 l9e #be4 v]ticem4--,! context & ! head+ ( ! ,*apt] appe> to require v]ticitatem4 ,all editions1 h[ev]1 read v]ticem4 #hg ,,page #cb1 ,,l9e #ab4 ,page #cb1 l9e #i4 ,g>tias ab horto4--,! passage f ,g>tias ab ,horto runs z foll[s 9 ! ,italian edition ( #afaf1 ,dell' ,hi/oria dei ,semplici ,aromati4444 di ,don ,g>zia dall' ,horto1 ,m$ico ,portughese1 444 ,v5ezia ,,mdcxvi41 p4 #bjh4 ,n m5o que/a pietra vel5osa1 si come molti hanno t5uto2 imp]o*e le g5ti di que/e b&e dicono *e la ,calamita presa p] bocca1 p] 9 poca #bh quantit1 cons]va la giov5t4 ,la onde si racconta1 *e il ,re di ,zeilan il vec*io' s'haveva fatto f>e tutti i vasi1 dove si cocevano le vivde p] lui1 di ,calamita4 ,et que/o lo disse me colui proprio1 *e fu que/o (ficio de/9ato4 #hh ,,page #cb1 ,,l9e #bi4 ,page #cb1 l9e #bi4 ,plut>*us ,c4 ,ptolemu4--,! g>lick my? has already be5 ref]r$ to 9 ! note to p4 #a4 ,! orig9als are ,plut>*1 ,qu/iones ,platonic1 lib4 vii41 cap4 #g1 #a2 ,c4 ,ptolemu1 ,opus ,quadrip>titum1 bk4 i41 cap4 #c4 ,! ,engli% translation ( ! latt]1 by ,:alley 7,london1 #agja71 p4 #aj1 runs3 ,= if ! ,load/one be ,rubb$ ) ,g>lick1 ! ,iron w n be drawn by x4 #hi ,,page #cb1 ,,l9e #cb4 ,page #cb1 l9e #cc4 ,m$ici nonnulli4--,?is is app>5tly a ref]5ce to ! foll[]s ( ,rhazes & ,p>acelsus4 ,! argum5t ( ,gilb]t z to ! inefficacy ( p[d]$ load/ones is reproduc$ m fully by ,william ,b>l[e 9 8 ,magneticall ,adu]tisem5ts 7#afaf1 p4 #g71 z foll[s3 ,x is ! goodnesse ( ! ,load/one ioyn$ ) a fit =me t w %ew great =ce4 ,= z a v good =me ) base sub/ance c doe b v litle1 s ! sub/ance ( ! ,load/one bee x neu] s excell5t1 except x haue "s conu5i5t =me1 is n auaileable4 ,= example1 an excell5t load/one ( a p\nd waight & ( a good fa%ion1 be+ vs$ artificially1 may take vp f\re p\nds ( ,iron2 beate x into small p\d]1 & x %all bee ( no =ce to take vp "o ounce ( ,iron2 yea ,i am v well assur$ t halfe an ounce ( a ,load/one ( good fa%ion1 & ( l v]tue w take vp m !n t p\nd w doe be+ beat5 into p[d]4 ,:5ce 7to adde ?is by ! way7 x appe>e? manife/ly1 t x is a great error ( ^? ,physitions & ,surgeons1 :i* to rem$y ruptures1 doe prescribe vnto _! ,pati5ts to take ! p\d] ( a ,load/one inw>dly1 & ! small fil+ ( iron m+l$ 9 "s plai/] outw>dly3 suppos+ t h]e9 ! magneticall draw+ %\ld doe great wond]s4 #ij ,,page #cc1 ,,l9e #aa4 ,page #cc1 l9e #h4 ,nicolaus 9 empla/rum div9um4444--,nicolaus ,myrepsus is also kn[n z ,prpositas4 ,9 8 ,lib] de compositione m$icam5torum 7,+old/at1 #aeda1 #dto7 are num]\s recipes conta9+ load/one3 = example1 ,recipe ,no4 #bdf1 call$ esdra magna1 is a m$ic9e giv5 = inflammation ( ! /oma* & = /rangury1 comp\nd$ ( "s =ty mat]ials includ+ li?o demonis & lapis magnetis4 ,! empla/rum div9um does n1 h[ev]1 appe> to conta9 load/one4 ,9 ! ,engli% tractate1 ,prpositas 8 ,practise1 a worke 444 = ! bett] pres]vation ( ! ,heal? ( ,man4 ,:]e9 are 444 approv$ ,m$ic9es1 ,receiptes & ,o9tm5tes4 ,translat$ out ( ,lat9 9 to ,engli% by ,l4 ,m4 7,london1 #aehh1 #dto71 we read on p4 #ce1 ,an ,emplai/] ( ,d4 ,n4 ,doctor ,nicolaus :i* ! ,po!c>ies call ,div9um4 ,?is conta9s li?>ge1 bdellium1 & gre5 brasse1 b no load/one4 ,luis de ,ovi$o 9 8 treatise ,me?odo de la ,coleccion y reposicion de las ,m$ic9as simples1 edit$ by ,gregorio ,gonalez1 ,botic>io 7,madrid1 #afbb71 gives 7p4 #ejb7 ! foll[+3 ,empla/o de la madre4 ,recibe3 ,nuezes moscadas1 clauos1 c9amono1 artemisia1 pi$raimon4 ,de cada uno dos onz4444 ,entre otras diff]5cias que ay de pi$raiman se hallan dos4 ,vna que por la p>te que mira al ,sept5trion1 atrae el hi]ro1 por lo quel se llama magnes f]rug9eus4 ,y otra que atrae la c>ne1 a la qual llaman magnes creag9us4 ,an ,empla/rum /icticum conta9+ amb]1 mummy1 load/one1 #bi hmatite1 & tw5ty o!r +r$i5ts1 & decl>$ to be vuln]um ulc]umque telo inflictorum /icticum empla/rum pr/antissimum1 is describ$ on p4 #bfg ( ! ,basilica *imica ( ,oswaldus ,crollius 7,frankfurt1 #afab74 #ia ,,page #cc1 ,,l9e #ab4 ,page #cc1 l9e #i4 ,augu/ani 444 9 empla/rum nigrum4444--,among/ ! physicians ( ! ,augsburg s*ool ! mo/ celebrat$ 7 ,adolphus ,occo1 ,ambrosio ,jung1 & ,g]eone ,seyl]4 ,?is p>ticul> ref]5ce is to ! ,ph>macopoeia ,augu/ana 444 a ,collegio ,m$ico recognita1 publi%$ at ,augsburg1 & :i* ran ?r\gh _m editions4 ,! recipe = ! empla/rum nigrum vulgo ,/i*pfla/] w be f\nd on p4 #ahb ( ! sev5? edition 7#afba-b74 ,! recipe beg9s ) oil ( roses1 colophony1 wax1 & includes "s tw5ty-two +r$i5ts1 among/ !m mummy1 dri$ e>?worms1 & two ounces lapidis magnetis prp>ati4 ,! recipe concludes3 ,fiat ,empla/rum secundm artem4 ,p]qum efficax ad rec5tia vuln]a et puncturas1 vnd d5om9ationem habet4 ,! volume is a h&some folio n unlike ,gilb]t's own book1 & be>s at ! end ( ! prefatory address ad ,lectorem id5tically ! same cul de lampe z is f\nd on p4 #dd ( ,de ,magnete4 ,! contradictions z to ! alleg$ m$ic9al virtues ( load/one are well illu/rat$ by ,gal51 :o 9 8 ,de facultatibus says t load/one is l hmatite1 :i* is a/r+5t1 :ile 9 8 ,de simplici m$ic9a he says x is purgative4 #ib ,,page #cc1 ,,l9e #ad4 ,page #cc1 l9e #ab4 ,p>acelsus 9 fodicationum empla/rum4--,p>acelsus's recipe = a pla/] aga9/ /ab-w\nds is to be f\nd 9 ,wundt vund ,leib>tznei 444 ,d4 ,!oph4 ,p>acelsus 7,frankf41 #aeee1 pp4 #fc-fg74 #ic ,,page #cc1 ,,l9e #ag4 ,page #cc1 l9e #ae4 ,f]ri vis m$ic9alis4--,?is *apt] on ! m$ic9al virtues ( iron is a summ>y ( ! views held d[n to t "t4 ,^? curi\s to pursue ! subject %\ld consult ,w>+'s ,biblio!ca ,!rapeutica 7,london1 #ahgh74 ,nor %\ld !y miss ! r>e black-lett] qu>to by ,dr4 ,ni*olas ,mon>dus1 ( ,seville1 ,joyfull ,newes out ( ! ,new-f\nd ,worlde1 translat$ by ,john ,frampton 7,london1 #aeif71 9 :i* are recit$ ! op9ions ( ,gal51 ,rhazes1 ,avic5na1 & o!rs1 on ! m$ic9al prop]ties ( iron4 ,9 addition to ! views ( ! ,arabic au?ors1 aga9/ :om 8 argum5ts are direct$1 ,gilb]t discusses ^? ( ,joannes ,man>dus1 ,curtius1 & ,fallopius4 ,! treatise ( ,man>dus1 ,epi/ol>um m$ic9alium libri vig9ti 7,basil41 #aedi71 is a rsum ( ! works ( ,gal5 & ! ,arabic physicians1 b gives little respect+ iron4 ,curtius 7,nicolaus7 0 ! au?or ( a book1 ,libellus de m$icam5tis prp>atibus et purgantibus 7,giess ,cattorum1 #afad74 ,! works ( ,fallopius are ,de ,simplicibus ,m$icam5tis purg5tibus tractatus 7,v5et41 #aeff1 #dto71 & ,tractatus de ,compositione ,m$icam5torum 7,v5et41 #aegj1 #dto74 #id ,,page #cd1 ,,l9e #g4 ,page #cd1 l9e #c4 quorund ,arabum op9iones4--,! ,arabian au?orities ref]r$ to "h or else:]e by ,gilb]t are3 ,albategnius 7o!rwise kn[n z ,ma*ometes ,aract5sis71 ,muhammad ,ibn ,jabir1 ,al-,battani4 ,avic5na 7o!rwise ,abohali74 ,ab\-',ali al-',hos9 b5-',abd-,allah ,ibn-,s91 or1 %ortly1 ,ibn ,sna4 ,av]roes4 ,muhammad ,ibn ,ahm$ ,ibn-,ros*d1 ,ab\ ,al-,wald4 ,geb]4 ,abu ,musa ,jabir ,ibn ,haiyan1 ,al-,t>susi4 ,hali ,abas4 ',al ,ibn ,al-',abbs1 ,al ,majsi4 #cj ,rhazes1 or ,rasis4 ,muhammad ,ibn ,zak>iya4 ,s]apio4 ,yuhann ,ibn ,s>apion4 ,!bit ,b5-,kora 7o!rwise ,?abit ,ibn ,corrah74 ,abu ,?abit ,ibn ,kurrah1 ,al ,h>rani4 #ie ,,page #cd1 ,,l9e #ch43 ,page #cd1 l9e #dj4 electu>ium de scoria f]ri descriptum ,raze4--,rhazes or ,rasis1 ^: ,arabic "n 0 ,muhammad ,ibn ,zak>iya1 wrote ,de ,simplicibus1 ad ,almansorem4 ,9 ,*ap4 #fc ( ?is "w he gives a recipe = a /oma*ic1 :i* includes f5nel1 anise1 origanum1 black pepp]1 c9ammon1 g+]1 & iron slag4 ,9 ! spl5did folio "w ( ,rhazes publi%t at ,v5ice 9 #aedb1 ) ! title ,habes c&ide lector ,cont9etem ,rasis1 ,libri ultimi1 cap4 #bie1 "u ! head+ ,de ,f]ro1 are set =? ! virtues ( iron slag3 ,virtus scorie e/ sicut virtus scorie aeris s$ debilior 9 purgd3 et erugo f]ri e/ /iptica3 et cu sup]positur ret9et fluxus m5/ruoru4444 ,ait ,paulus3 aqua 9 qua ext+uitur f]ru cal5s4444 ,dico3 c]tificatus sum exp]i5tia q valet contra emorryodas diabetem et fluxum m5/ruorum4 #if ,,page #ce1 ,,l9e #af43 ,page #ce1 l9e #ac4 ,paulus4--,?is is n ,fra ,paolo ,s>pi1 nor ,m>co ,polo1 nor ,paulus ,jovius ! hi/orian1 nor ,paulus ,nicolettus ,v5etus1 b ,paulus ,aeg94 #ig ,,page #ce1 ,,l9e #bi43 ,page #ce1 l9e #bh4 ,s$ mal ,avic5na4--,! advice ( ,avic5na to adm9i/] a draught conta9+ p[d]$ load/one1 reads z foll[s 9 ! ,giunta edition 7,v5ice1 #afjh73 ,lib4 ii41 cap4 #dgj1 p4 #cef4 ,magnes quid e/8 ,e/ lapis qui attrahit f]rum1 quum ergo aduritur1 fit hmatites1 virtus ejus e/ sicut virtus illius4444 ,datur 9 potu ad bibitionem limatur f]ri1 quum ret9etur 9 v5tre scoria f]ri4 ,ipse enim extrahit ipsam1 associatur ei apud exitum4 ,et dicitur1 qu&o 9 potu sumuntur ex eo tres anulusat cum mellicrato1 educit solutione humorem grossum malum4 ,! passage is id5tical ) t 9 ! ,v5etian edition ( #adhf1 9 bo? ( :i* ! liquid prescrib$ is mellicratus--mead4 ,gilb]t says t ! iron is to be giv5 9 juice ( m]curialis4 ,"h he only foll[s ,mat?iolus1 :o1 9 8 ,comm5t>ies on ,dioscorides1 says 7p4 #iih ( ! ,basil4 edition ( #aeih73 ,s$ 7vt idem ,auic5na scribit7 proprium hujusce f]rei ph>maci antidotum1 e/ lapis magnes dra*m pond]e potus1 ex m]curialis1 vel bet succo4 ,s]apio1 9 8 ,de ,simplicibus ,m$ic9is 7,brunfels' edition1 ,arg5torati1 #aeca71 p4 #bfd1 ref]s to ,gal5's prescription ( iron scori1 & "u ! article de lapide magnetis1 p4 #bfj1 quotes ,dioscorides z foll[s3 ,et uirtus huius lapidis e/1 ut qud dantur 9 potu duo onolosat ex eo cu melicrato1 laxat humores grossos4 ,! orig9al passage 9 ,dioscorides1 ,de ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 *4 #adg 7,sp5gel's edition ( #ahbi7 runs3 ,greek3 ,t\ de magnt\ li?\ ari/os e/9 ho ton sidron eu*]s helkn1 kai tn *roan kuanizn1 puknos te kai ouk agan b>us4 ,dunam9 de e*ei pa*\s aggon didom5os meta melikrat\ tribol\ b>os2 enioi de t\ton kaiontes anti haimatit\ piprask\s944 ,9 ! ,frankfurt edition ( ,dioscorides1 translat$ by ,ruellius 7#aedc71 ! passage is3 ,magnes lapis optimus e/1 qui f]rum facile trahit1 colore ad co]uleum u]g5te1 d5sus1 nec admodum gravis4 ,datur cum aqua mulsa1 trium obolorum pond]e1 ut crassos humores eliciat4 ,sunt qui magnetem crematu pro hmatite v5dant4444 ,9 ! ,s*olia ( ,joannes ,lonic]us ^u ,dioscorides ,9 ,dioscorid #ca ,anaz>bei de re m$ica libros a ,virgilio ,m>cello v]sos1 ,s*olia nova1 ,ioanne ,lonic]o autore 7,m>burgi1 #aedc1 p4 #gg71 occurs ! foll[+3 ,de recrem5to f]ri4 ,cap4 ,,xlix4 ,greek3 ,skria sidr\4 scoria vel recrem5tum f]ri4 ,qu p] ignem f]ro et cupro sordes sep>antur ac reijciuntur1 et ab aliis metallis ,greek3 skria uocantur4 ,omnis scoria1 maxime u]o f]ri exiccat4 ,ac]rimo aceto mac]auit ,gal5us f]ri scoriam1 ac de9de excocto1 ph>macum efficax confecit ad purul5tas qu multo tempore uexat erant1 aures1 admir&o spectantium effectu4 ,ard5ti scoria uel recrem5tum ,greek3 helkusma1 inquit ,gal5us4 ,see also ! ,en>rationes eruditissim ( ,amatus ,lusitanus 7,v5et41 #aeig71 pp4 #dhb & #ejg1 ^u iron & ! load/one4 #ih ,,page #cf1 ,,l9e #bg4 ,page #cf1 l9e #bi4 eijcitur = ejicitur4 #ii ,,page #cg1 ,,l9e #ah4 ,page #cg1 l9e #bb4 ut ,c>danus philosophatur4--,c>dan's nons5se ab\t ! magnet fe$+ on iron is to be f\nd 9 ,de ,subtilitate1 lib4 vii4 7,basil41 #afaa1 p4 #cha74 #ajj ,,page #ch1 ,,l9e #d4 ,page #ch1 l9e #g4 f]ram5ta 444 9 usum navigantium4--,comp>e ,m>ke ,ridley's ,a ,%ort ,treatise ( ,magneticall ,bodies & ,motions 7,lond41 #afac71 p4 a#b 9 ! ,preface ,magneticall1 :]e he speaks ( ! iron-workes us$ 9 build+ %ips4 ,! phraseology ( ,m>ke ,ridley ?r[s mu* light on ! ,lat9 t]ms us$ by ,gilb]t4 #aja ,,page #ch1 ,,l9e #cf4 ,page #ch1 l9e #db4 vruntur2 *ang$ 9 ink to vrantur 9 ! folio ( #afjj2 b uruntur appe>s 9 ! editions ( #afbh & #afcc4 #ajb ,,page #ci1 ,,l9e #ab4 ,page #ci1 l9e #ab4 virumque2 alt]$ 9 ink to virunque 9 all copies ( ! folio edition ( #afjj4 #ajc ,,page #dj1 ,,l9e #cb4 ,page #dj1 l9e #cc4 ad tantos labores exantl&os4--,pump+1 z x 0 9 m9+ be=e ! inv5tion ( ! /eam eng9e1 may be/ be realiz$ by exam9+ ! woodcuts 9 ! ,de re metallica ( ,georgius ,agricola 7,basil41 ,frob51 #aeef74 #ajd ,,page #dj1 ,,l9e #cd4 ,page #dj1 l9e #cf4 qu+5tas orgyas4--,gilb]t probably _h 9 8 m9d ! works ( ! ,ror]bhel1 9 ! di/rict ( ,kitzbhl1 :i* 9 ! sixte5? c5tury _h rea*$ ! dep? ( #c1ajg feet4 ,see ,humboldt's ,cosmos 7,lond41 #ahfj1 vol4 i41 p4 #adi74 #aje ,,page #dc1 ,,l9e #cd4 ,page #dc1 l9e #cc4 glis4--,?is ^w1 "h translat$ grit1 does n appe> to be classical ,lat92 x may mean ooze or slime4 #ajf ,,page #de1 ,,l9e #be4 ,page #de1 l9e #bf4 ,motus igitur 444 qu9que4 ,! five k9ds ( magnetic motions correspond 9 fact to ! rema9+ sections ( ! book2 z foll[s3 ,coitio1 ,book ,,ii42 ,directio1 ,book ,,iii42 ,v>iatio1 ,book ,,iv42 ,decl9atio1 ,book ,v42 & ,revolutio1 ,book ,,vi4 #ajg ,,page #df1 ,,l9e #g4 ,page #df1 l9e #h4 ,j(rancus ,(fusius4--,! ref]5ce is to ! treatise ,de div9a a/rorum faculitate ( ,johannes ,franciscus ,(fusius 7,p>is1 #aegj74 #ajh ,,page #dg1 ,,l9e #ae4 ,page #dg1 l9e #ah4 ,grci vocant ,greek3 lektron1 quia ad se paleas trahit4 ,9 ?is discussion ( ! names giv5 to amb]1 ,gilb]t app>5tly conceives ,greek3 lektron to be d]iv$ f ! v]b ,greek3 helke92 :i* is manife/ly a d\btful etymology4 ,!re has be5 mu* discussion among/ philologi/s z to ! d]ivation ( ,greek3 lektron or ,greek3 lektron1 & its possible connection ) ! ^w ,greek3 lektr4 ,?is discussion has be5 some:at obscur$ by ! circum/ance t ! ,greek au?ors unque/ionably us$ ,greek3 lektron 7& ! ,lat9s _! ^w electrum7 9 two diff]5t significations1 "s ( !m us+ ^! words to mean amb]1 o!rs to mean a %9+ #cb metal1 app>5tly ( hav+ qualities betwe5 ^? ( gold & silv]1 & probably "s sort ( alloy4 ,s*weigg]1 ,ueb] das ,elektron d] ,alt5 7,greifswald1 #ahdh71 has argu$ t ?is metal 0 inde$ no o!r ?an plat9um3 b 8 argum5t p>takes too mu* ( special plead+4 ,^? :o desire to foll[ ! "q ( ! d]ivation ( ,greek3 lektron may consult ! foll[+ au?orities3 ,j4 ,m4 ,gessn]1 ,de ,electro ,vet]um 7,comm5tt4 ,soc4 ,reg4 ,sci5tt4 ,goett+41 vol4 iii41 p4 #fg1 #agec72 ,delaunay1 ,m9]alogie d] ,alt51 ,"p ,,ii41 p4 #abe2 ,buttmann1 ,my?ologus 7,app5dix ,i41 ,ueb] das ,elektron71 ,vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #cee1 9 :i* he adopts ,gilb]t's d]ivation f ,greek3 helke92 ,beckmann1 ,ursprung und ,b$eutung des ,b]n/e9nam5s ,elektron 7,braunsb]g1 #ahei72 ,?4 ,h5ri ,m>t91 ,du ,succ91 de ses noms div]s et de ses v>its suivant les anci5s 7,mmoires de l',acadmie des ,inscriptions et ,belles-lettres1 ,tome ,,vi41 #are srie1 #are p>tie1 #ahfj72 ,m>t9us ,s*e9s1 ,de ,electro ,vet]um ,metallico 7,inaugural diss]tation1 ,b]l91 #ahga72 ,f4 ,a4 ,paley1 ,gold ,wor%ip 9 relation to ,sun ,wor%ip 7,contempor>y ,review1 ,augu/1 #ahhd74 ,see also ,curtius1 ,grundzge d] grie*is*5 ,etymologie1 pp4 #fef-fei4 ,! net result ( ! disputations ( s*ol>s appe>s to be t ,greek3 lektr 7he :o %9es7 is a mascul9e =m to :i* !re corresponds ! neut] =m ,greek3 lektron 7t :i* %9es74 ,/ephanus admits ! acc5tuation us$ by ,gilb]t1 ,greek3 lektron1 to be ju/ifi$ f ! ,timu ( ,plato2 see ,note to p4 #fa4 #aji ,,page #dg1 ,,l9e #af4 ,page #dg1 l9e #ai4 ,greek3 h>pax dicitur1 ,greek3 *rusophoron4--,) respect to ! o!r names giv5 to amb]1 ,m4 ,?4 ,h5ri ,m>t9 has writt5 7see previ\s note7 s admirable an acc\nt ( !m t x is impossible to bett] x4 ,x is !re=e giv5 "h entire1 z foll[s3 ,le succ9 a reu *ez les anci5s des noms trs-div]s4 ,sans p>l] du nom de ,greek3 lunk\rion1 lyncurium1 qui peut-tre ne lui app>ti5t pas1 comme n\s le montr]ons plus lo91 il s'e/ nomm *ez les ,grecs le plus s\v5t ,greek3 lektron au neutre1#a mais aussi ,greek3 lektros au mascul9#b et mme au fm991#c ,greek3 *ruslektros1#d ,greek3 *rusophoros#e et peut-tre1 comme n\s l'avons vu1 ,greek3 *alkoli?anon2 plus t>d ,greek3 s\*ion#f ou ,greek3 s\*9os#g1 et ,greek3 lektrianos li?os2#h plus t>d encore ,greek3 b]5ik1 ,greek3 b]onik ou ,greek3 b]nik2#i il s'e/ nomm ,greek3 h>pax *ez les ,grecs tablis en ,syrie2#aj *ez les ,lat9s succ9um1 electrum1 et deux v>its1 *ryselectrum et sualit]nicum #cc ou subalt]nicum2#aa *ez les ,g]ma9s1 ,gless2#ab *ez les ,scy!s1 sacrium2#ac *ez les ,egypti5s1 sacal2#ad *ez les ,arabes1 k>ab#ae ou kahraba2#af en p]san1 kruba4#ag ,ce mot1 qui app>ti5t bi5 la langue p]sane1 y signifie attirant la paille1 et p> consqu5t exprime l'attraction lectrique1 de mme que le mot ,greek3 h>pax des ,grecs de ,syrie4 ,en outre1 le nom de haur r\mi 7peupli] roma97 tait donn p> les ,arabes1 non-seulem5t l'arbre dont ils croyai5t que le succ9 tait la gomme1 mais au succ9 lui-mme4 ,haur r\mi1 trans=m en aurum p> les traducteurs lat9s des auteurs arabes1 et consondu mal propos avec amb> ou ambrum1 nom arabe lat9is de l'ambre gris1 a produit le nom mod]ne d'ambre1 nom commun l'ambre jaune ou succ91 qui e/ une rs9e fossile1 et l'ambre gris1 concrtion odorante qui se =me dans les inte/9es des ca*alots4 ,on ne peut dire avec c]titude si le nom de basse grcit ,greek3 b]nik e/ la s\rce ou le driv de ,b]n1 radical du nom allem& du succ9 7,b]n/e974 ,quoi qu'il en soit1 le mot ,greek3 b]nik a produit v]nix1 nom d'une gomme dans la basse lat9it1 d'o n\s avons fait v]nis4#ah #a ,voyez ,hrodote1 ,,iii41 #aae2 ,platon1 ,time1 p4 #hj c2 ,ari/ote1 ,mtor41 ,,iv41 #aj2 ,?ophra/e1 ,hi/4 des plantes1 ,,ix41 #ah 7#ai71 #b2 ,des pi]res1 #bh et #bi2 ,diodore de ,sic41 ,v41 #bc2 ,/rabon1 ,,iv41 #f1 no #b1 p4 #bjb 7,casaubon72 ,dioscoride1 ,mat4 md41 ,i41 #aaj2 ,plut>que1 ,que/ions de table1 ,,ii41 #g1 #a2 ,que/ions platoniques1 ,,vii41 #a et #g2 ,luci51 ,du succ9 et des cygnes2 le mme1 ,de ,pa/rologie1 #ai2 ,s4 ,clm5t1 ,/rom4 ,,ii41 p4 #cgj 7,p>is1 #afda1 9-fol472 ,alex&re d',aphr41 ,que/4 phys4 et mor41 ,,ii41 #bc2 ,olympiodore1 ,mtor41 ,i41 #h1 fol4 #af1 t4 ,i41 p4 #aig 7,idel]7 et l'abrviateur d',eti5ne de ,byzance au mot ,greek3 lektrides4 #b ,voyez ,sophocle1 ,antigone1 v4 #ajch1 et dans ,eu/a!1 sur l',iliade1 ,,ii41 #hfe2 ,eli51 ,nat4 des animaux1 ,,iv4 #df2 ,qu9tus de ,smyrne1 ,v41 #fbc2 ,eu/a!1 sur la ,prigse de ,d5ys1 p4 #adb 7,b]nh>dy71 et sur l',odysse1 ,,iv41 #gc2 et ,suidas au mot ,greek3 hual4 #c ,voyez ,alex&re1 ,problmes1 sect4 #a1 prooem41 p4 #d 7,idel]72 ,eu/a!1 sur l',odysse1 ,,iv41 #gc1 et ,tzetzs1 ,*iliade ,,vi41 #fej4 #d ,voyez ,psellus1 ,des pi]res1 p4 #cf 7,b]n>d et ,maussac74 #e ,voyez ,dioscoride1 ,mat4 md41 ,i41 #aaj4 #f ,voyez ,s4 ,clm5t1 ,/rom41 ,,ii41 p4 #cgj 7,p>is1 #afda1 9-fol474 ,il p>at di/+u] l'un de l'autre ,greek3 to s\*ion et ,greek3 to lektron1 probablem5t p>ce qu'il attribue tort au mtal ,greek3 lektron la proprit attractive du succ94 #g ,voyez le faux ,zoroa/re1 dans les ,goponiques1 ,,xv41 #a1 #bi4 #h ,voyez le faux ,zoroa/re1 au mme endroit4 #i ,voyez ,eu/a!1 sur l',odysse1 ,,iv41 #gc2 ,tzetzs1 ,*il4 ,,vi41 #fej2 ,nicolas ,myrepse1 ,antidotes1 *4 #cbg1 et l',etymol4 ,gud4 au mot ,greek3 lektron4 ,comp>ez ,saumaise1 ,ex]t4 pl941 p4 #ggh4 #aj ,voyez ,pl9e1 ,,xxxvii41 #b1 s4 #aa1 no #cg4 #aa ,voyez ,pl9e1 ,,xxxvii41 #b1 s4 #aa-ac1 et ,tacite1 ,g]manie1 *4 #de4 ,la =me sualit]nicum1 dans ,pl9e 7s4 #aa1 no #cc71 e/ donne p> le manuscrit de ,bamb]g et p> ,m4 ,sillig 7t4 ,v41 p4 #cij71 au lieu de la =me subalt]nicum des ditions antrieures4 #ab ,voyez ,tacite et ,pl9e1 ll4 cc4 #ac ,voyez ,pl9e1 ,,xxxvii41 #b1 s4 #aa1 no #dj1 ,comp4 ,j4 ,grimm1 ,ges*4 d] deuts*4 ,spra*e1 ,kap4 x41 p4 #bcc 7,leipzig1 #ahdh1 9-#h74 #ad ,pl9e1 l4 c4 #ae ,voyez ,saumaise1 ,de homon4 hyles iatric1 c4 #aja1 p4 #afb 7#afhi1 9-fol474 #af ,voyez ,spr5gel1 sur ,dioscoride1 t4 ,,ii41 pp4 #cij-cia4 #ag ,voyez ,m4 de ,sacy1 cit p> ,buttmann1 ,my?ologus1 t4 ,,ii41 pp4 #cfb-cfc4 #ah ,voyez ,saumaise1 ,ex4 pl941 p4 #ggh4 ,il n'e/ pas probable que le mot ,greek3 b]nik ou ,greek3 b]5ik nom du succ9 dans la grcit du moy5 ge1 soit li tymologiquem5t avec le nom propre ,greek3 b]5ik1 qui vi5t de l'adjectif macdoni5 ,greek3 b]5ikos p\r ,greek3 ph]5ikos4 #aaj ,,page #dg1 ,,l9e #ag4 ,page #dg1 l9e #bj4 ,mauri v]o ,c>abem appellant1 qui solebant 9 sacrificijs1 deorum cultu ipsum lib>e4 ,c>ab enim significat (f]re ,arabic2 ita ,c>abe1 res oblata2 aut rapi5s paleas1 vt ,scalig] ex ,abohali citat1 ex l+u ,arabic1 vel ,p]sic4--,! pr9t$ text1 l9e #ah1 has ,non rapi5s paleas1 b 9 all copies ( ! folio ( #afjj1 ! ,non has be5 alt]$ 9 ink into aut1 possibly by ,gilb]t's own h&4 ,nev]!less ! editions ( #afbh & #afcc bo? read ,non4 ,!re appe>s to be no d\bt t ! orig9 ( ! ^w ,c>abe1 or ,k>abe1 z assign$ by ,scalig]1 is sub/antially correct4 ,z %[n 9 ! prec$+ note1 ,m>t9 adopt$ ?is view4 ,if any d\bt %\ld rema9 x w be remov$ by ! foll[+ notes :i* are due to ,mr4 ,a4 ,h\tum ,s*9dl] 7memb] ( ! ,in/itution ( ,electrical ,eng9e]s71 ( ,t]ahan4 ,ref]5ce is made to ! magnetic & electric prop]ties ( /ones 9 ?ree e>ly ,p]sian lapid>ies4 ,!re are ?ree /ones only m5tion$1 amb]1 load/one1 & g>net4 ,! electric prop]ty ( ! diamond is n m5tion$4 ,! foll[+ extracts are f ! ,tansk nmah1 by ,nasr ed dn ,tsi1 ,a4,d4 #abfj4 ,! two o!r treatises give ! fir/ extracts 9 ! same words4 ,khrub1 also ,kahrab ,amb]1 ,is yell[ & transp>5t1 & has its "n f ! prop]ty1 :i* x possesses1 ( attract+ small1 dry pieces ( /raw or grass1 aft] x has be5 rubb$ ) clo? & become w>m4 ,note4 ,9 ,p]sian1 ,kh /raw2 rub ! robb]1 h5ce ,khrub ! /raw-robb]4 ,"s consid] x a m9]al1 & say t x is f\nd 9 ! ,m$it]ranean & ,caspian seas1 float+ on ! surface1 b ?is is n correct4 ,! tru? is t ,khrub #cd is ! gum ( a tree1 call$ jz i rm i4e41 roman nut2 walnut81 & t mo/ ( x is br\ght f ,rm "h ! ,ea/]n ,rome & f ! conf9es ( ,sclavonia & ,russia4 ,on acc\nt ( its bright col\r & transp>5cy x is made into beads1 r+s1 belt-buckles1 c4 444 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! prop]ties ( attraction & repulsion are possess$ by o!r sub/ances ?an load/one1 = in/ance1 by amb] & bjdah1#a :i* attract /raws1 fea!rs1 etc41 & ( _m o!r bodies1 x c be said t !y possess ! p[] ( attraction4 ,!re is also a /one :i* attracts gold2 x has a pure yell[ col\r4 ,!re is also a /one :i* attracts silv] f di/ances ( ?ree or two y>ds4 ,!re are also ! /one :i* attracts t91 v h>d1 & smell+ l asafoetida1 ! /one attract+ hair1 ! /one attract+ meat1 etc41 b1 latt]ly1 no "o has se5 ^! /ones3 no pro(1 h[ev]1 t !y d n exi/4 ,avic5na 7,ibn ,s97 gives ! foll[+ "u ! head+ ( ,k>abe 7see ,canona ,m$ic91 ,giunta edition1 ,v5et41 #afjh1 lib4 ii41 cap4 #cga1 p4 #ccf73 ,k>abe quid e/8 ,gumma sicut s&>aca1 t5d5s ad citr9itatem1 alb$9em1 p]uietatem1 qu&oque decl9at ad rub$9em1 qu attrahit paleas1 fracturas plant>um ad se1 propt] hoc nom9atur ,k>abe1 scilicet rapi5s paleas1 p]sic4444 ,k>abe conf]t tremori cordis1 quum bibitur ex eo m$ietas aurei cum aqua frigida1 prohibet sputum sangu9is valde4444 ,ret9et vomitum1 prohibet mat]ias malas a /oma*o1 cum ma/i*e con=tat /oma*um4444 ,ret9et fluxum sangu9is ex matrice1 ano1 fluxum v5tris1 conf]t t5asmoni4 ,scalig] 9 ,de ,subtilitate1 ,ex]citatio ciii41 #ab1 ! passage ref]r$ to by ,gilb]t says3 ,succ9um apud ,arabas uocatur1 ,c>abe3 quod pr9ceps ,aboali1 rapi5s paleas1 int]pretatur 7p4 #afc bis1 editio ,luteti1 #aeeg74 #a ,bjdah is classifi$ by ,muhammad ,b4 ,mansr 7,a4,d4 #adgj7 & by ,ibn al ,mubrak 7,a4,d4 #aebj7 "u /ones resembl+ ruby2 ! ,tansk nmah describes x 9 a sep>ate *apt]4 ,f ! description x c be id5tifi$ ) ! alm&9e g>net1 & ! me?od ( cutt+ ?is /one en cabo*on1 ) holl[ back 9 ord] to display its col\r bett] is specially m5tion$4 ,! ,tansk nmah only incid5tally ref]s to ! electric prop]ty ( ! bjdah 9 ! *apt] on load/one1 b ! o!r two treatises specially ref] to x 9 _! description ( ! /one4 ,! "o has3 ,bjdah if rubb$ until w>m1 attracts /raws & o!r light bodies j z amb] does2 ! o!r3 ,bjdah1 if rubb$ on ! hair ( ! head1 or on ! be>d1 attracts /raws4 ,surri1 ! lexicograph]1 :o compil$ a diction>y 9 #aeii1 consid]s ! bjdah a r$ ruby :i* possesses ! prop]ty ( attraction4 ,o!r diction>ies d n m5tion ! attractive prop]ty1 b "s au?ors conf\nd ! /one ) amb]1 call+ x ,kbrub1 ! /raw-robb]4 ,! bjdah is n rubellite 7r$ t\rmal9e7 = x is describ$ 9 ! lapid>ies z common1 :]eas rubellite 7f ,ceylon7 has always be5 r>e1 & 0 unkn[n 9 ,p]sia 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 #aaa ,,page #dg1 ,,l9e #ba4 ,page #dg1 l9e #be4 ,succ9um seu succum4--,dioscorides reg>d$ amb] z ! inspissat$ juice ( ! popl> tree4 ,f ! ,frankfurt edition ( #aedc 7,de ,m$ic9ali mat]ia1 etc47 edit$ by ,ruellius1 we h1 lib] i41 p4 #ec3 ,populus4 ,cap4 ,,xciii4 444 ,la*rymam populorum commemorant qu 9 ,padum amnem defluat1 dur>i1 ac coire 9 succ9um1 quod electrum vocant1 alii *rysophorum4 id attritu jucundum odorem spirat1 et aurum colore imitatur4 tritum potumque /oma*i v5trisque fluxiones si/it4 ,to ?is ,ruellius adds ! comm5t>y3 ,succ9um seu succ9a gutta succo dicta1 ,grcis ,greek3 lektrom sic1 esse #ce la*ryma populi alb1 vel etiam nigr quibusdam videtur1 ab ejusdem arboris res9a4 ,dioscoridi et ,gal5o dicta diff]5s et ,greek3 pt]ugophoros1 id e/ paleas trah5s1 quoque vocatur1 quantum ei quoque ,gal5us tribuit li4 #cg1 ca4 #i4 ,succ9um scribit quibusdam p9ei g5]is arboribus1 ut gummi c]asis excid]e autumno1 et l>gum mitti ex ,g]mania sept5trionali1 et insulis m>is ,g]manici4 quod hodie nobis e/ comp]tissimum3 ad hc liquata igni val5tiore1 quia frigido int5siore concrevit4 p9eam ap]te olet1 calidum primo gradu1 siccum secundo1 /oma*um roborat1 vomitum1 nauseam arcet4 cordis palpitationi prode/4 pravorem humorum g5]ationem prohibet4 ,g]mani weiss und gelbaug/e9 et bren/e94 ,galli ambra vocant3 vulgo 9 corollis prec>iis frequ5s4 ,9 ! s*olia ( ,johann ,lonic] 9 8 edition ( ,dioscorides1 we f9d1 lib4 i41 cap4 xcviii41 ,de nigra ,populo3 ,greek3 aigeiros1 populus nigra 444 idem electrum vel succ9um ,greek3 haigeir\ la*rymam esse adsev]at ,paulus1 cui prt] vires qu ab ,dioscoride rec5s5tur1 tribuit etiam vim si/5di sangu9is1 si tusum 9 potu sumatur4 ,avic5n ,*>abe1 ut colligitur ex ,joanne ,jacobo ,manlio1 e/ electrum hoc ,dioscoridis1 atte/atur ,brunfelsius4 ,lucianus plan nullum electrum apud ,eridanum seu ,padum inv5iri tradit1 qu&oquidem ne populus quidem illa ab nautis ei demon/r>i potu]it4 ,pl9ius ru/icas transpadanas ex electro monilia ge/>e adfirmat1 quum ,v5etis primum agnosc]e didiciss5t adv]sus nimirum vitia gutturis et tonsill>um4 ,num sit purgam5tum m>is1 vel la*ryma populi1 vel p9us1 vel ex radiis occid5tis solis nascatur1 vel ex montibus ,sud9orum pr(luat1 inc]tum etiam ,erasmus ,/ella rel9quit4 ,sud9as tam5 ,borussiorum opes esse con/at4 ,mat?iolus 79 ,p4 ,a4 ,mattioli 444 ,op]a qu extant omnia1 hoc e/ ,comm5t>ii 9 vi libros ,p4 ,dioscoridis de mat]ia m$ica1 ,frankfurt1 #aeif1 p4 #acc7 comm5ts on ! sugge/ion ( ,gal5 t amb] came f ! ,populus alba1 & also comm5ts on ! ,arabic1 ,greek1 & ,lat9 names ( amb]4 ,! popl>-my? is commemorat$ by ,addison 79 ,italy7 9 ! l9es3 ,no int]wov5 re$s a g>l& made1 ,to hide 8 br[s )9 ! vulg> %ade2 ,b popl> wrea!s ar\nd 8 temples spread1 ,& te>s ( amb] trickl$ d[n 8 head4 ,amb] is1 h[ev]1 assur$ly n d]iv$ f any popl> tree3 x comes f a species ( p9e long ago ext9ct1 call$ by ,gpp]t ! p9ites succ9if]4 ,gilb]t does n g into ! m$ic9al uses1 real or fanci$1 t h be5 ascrib$ to amb] 9 almo/ z great v>iety z to load/one4 ,pl9y m5tions "s ( ^! 9 8 ,natural ,hi/orie 7,engli% v]sion ( #afja1 p4 #fji73 ,he ,calli/ratus sai? ( ?is yell[ ,amb]1 t if x be worne ab\t ! necke 9 a coll>1 x cure? feav]s1 & heale? ! diseases ( ! m\?1 ?roat1 & jawes3 r$uc$ into p\d] & temp]$ ) honey & oile ( roses1 x is sov]aigne = ! infirmities ( ! e>es4 ,/amp$ toge!r ) ! be/ ,atticke honey1 x make? a s+ul> eyesalve = to help a dim sight3 pulv]iz$1 & ! p\d] !re( tak5 simply alone1 or else drunke 9 wat] ) ,ma/icke1 is sov]aigne = ! maladies ( ! /omacke4 ,nicolaus ,myrepsus 7,recipe #iea1 op4 citat47 gives a prescription = #cf dys5t]y & diabetes confid+ *iefly ( ,electri vel succi ,nili 7,nili succum appellant ,arabes ,k>abem74 #aab ,,page #dg1 ,,l9e #bb4 ,page #dg1 l9e #bf4 ,sudaui5ses seu ,sud9i4--,c>dan 9 ,de ,r]um ,v>ietate1 lib4 iii41 cap4 xv4 7,editio ,basil41 #aeef1 p4 #aeb71 says ( amb]3 ,colligitur 9 quadam p5 insula ,sud9orum1 qui nunc uocatur ,brusci1 9 ,prussia1 nunc ,borussia1 juxta ,v5eticum s9um1 sunt ori5taliores o/iis ,vi/ul fluuii3 ubi trig9ta pagi huic mun]i de/9ati sunt1 etc4 ,he rejects ! !ory t x consi/s ( h>d5$ gum4 ,!re exi/s an enorm\s lit]ature conc]n+ ,amb] & ! ,prussian amb] indu/ry4 ,among/ ! e>lie/ works 7aft] ,!ophra/us & ,pl9y7 are ^? ( ,aurifab] 7,b]i*t b] ,agt/e9 od] ,brn/e91 ,knigsb]g1 #aeea72 ,goebel 7,de ,succ9o1 ,libri duo1 au?ore ,sev]9o ,goebelio1 ,m$ico ,doctore1 ,regiomont41 #aeeh72 & ,wig& 7,v]a hi/oria de ,succ9o ,borussico1 ,j5a1 #aeij74 ,lat] on ,h>tmann1 ,p4 ,j4 7,succ9i ,prussici ,physica et civilis ,hi/oria1 ,franc(urti1 #afgg72 & ! spl5did folio ( ,na?aniel ,s5del 7,hi/oria ,succ9orum corpora ali5a involv5tium1 ,lipsi1 #agdb71 ) its weal? ( plates illu/rat+ amb] specim5s1 ) ! v>i\s includ$ fossil fauna & flora4 ,georgius ,agricola 7,de natura ,fossilium1 lib] iv471 & ,aldrov&i 7,museum ,metallicum1 pp4 #daa-dab7 mu/ also be m5tion$4 ,bibliographies ( ! e>li] lit]ature are to be f\nd 9 ,h>tmann 7op4 citat471 & 9 ,daniel ,grala?1 ,elektris*e ,biblio!k 7,v]su*e und ,abh&lung5 d] ,natur=s*5d5 ,gesells*aft 9 ,danzig1 ,zweit] ,!il1 pp4 #ecg-eci1 ,danzig & ,leipzig1 #aged74 ,see also ,k>l ,mll5h(f1 ,deuts*e ,alt]tumskunde1 vol4 i41 ,zweites ,bu*1 pp4 #baa-bbd1 ,z9n und ,b]n/e9h&el 7,b]l91 #ahgj71 & ,humboldt's ,cosmos 7,bohn's edition1 ,london1 #ahfj1 vol4 ii41 p4 #dic74 ,! anci5t ,greek my? accord+ to :i* amb] 0 ! te>s ( ! ,heliades1 %$ on ! banks ( ! riv] ,eridanus ov] ,phae?on1 is n allud$ to by ,gilb]t4 ,x is n>rat$ 9 well-kn[n passages 9 ,ovid & 9 ,hyg9us4 ,^? int]e/$ 9 ! mod]n h&l+ ( ! my? %\ld ref] to ,mll5h(f 7op4 citat41 pp4 #bag-bbc1 d] ,b]n/e9my?us71 or to t delightful "w ,! ,te>s ( ! ,heliades1 by ,w4 ,arnold ,buffum 7,london1 #ahif74 #aac ,,page #dg1 ,,l9e #cj4 ,page #dg1 l9e #cf4 qu>e muscos 444 9 fru/ulis quibusdam compreh5sos ret9et4--,! occurr5ce ( flies 9 amb] 0 well kn[n to ! anci5ts4 ,pl9y ?us speaks ( x1 book xxxvii41 *ap4 iii4 7p4 #fjh ( ,p4 ,holl&'s translation ( #afja73 ,t x do? de/ill & drop at ! fir/ v cle> & liquid1 x is evid5t by ?is argum5t1 = t a man may see div]se ?+s )91 to wit1 ,pismires1 ,gnats1 & ,liz>ds1 :i* no d\bt 7 entangl$ & /ucke )9 x :5 x 0 gre5e & fre%1 & s rema9 enclos$ )9 z x wax$ h>d]4 ,a locu/ emb$d$ 9 amb] is m5tion$ 9 ! ,musum ,septalianum ( ,t]zagus 7,d]ton1 #affd74 ,m>tial's epigram 7,epigrammata1 lib] vi41 #ae7 is well kn[n3 ,dum ,phae?ontea =mica vagatur 9 umbra ,implicuit t5uem succ9a gutta f]am4 ,see also ,h]mann 7,daniel71 ,de rana et lac]ta ,succ9o ,borussiaco insitis #cg 7,cracov41 #aehj2 a lat] edition1 ,rig1 #afjj74 ,! great "w on inclusa 9 amb] is1 h[ev]1 t ( ,na?aniel ,s5del4 ,see ! previ\s note4 ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne mu/ n be =gott5 9 ?is connexion4 ,! ,pseudodoxia 7p4 #fd ( ! second edition1 #afej7 says3 ,la/ly1 we w n omit :at ,bellabonus ^u 8 own exp]im5t writ f ,dantzi* unto ,melli*ius1 z he ha? left record$ 9 8 *apt] ,de ,succ9o1 t ! bodies ( ,flies1 ,pismires & ! l1 :i* are said (t times to be includ$ 9 ,amb]1 are n reall b repres5tative1 z he discov]$ 9 sev]all pieces broke = t purpose4 ,if s1 ! two fam\s ,epigrams h]e( 9 ,m>tiall are b poeticall1 ! ,pismire ( ,brassavolus ,imag9>y1 & ,c>dans ,m\soleum = a flie1 a me] phancy4 ,b h]eunto we "k n h[ to ass5t1 z hav+ met ) "s ^: reals made good _! repres5tm5ts4 ,see also ,pope's ,epi/le to ,dr4 ,arbu?not1 l9e #afi4 #aad ,,page #dg1 ,,l9e #cd4 ,page #dg1 l9e #dj4 ,commemorant antiqui quod succ9um fe/ucas et paleas attrahit4--,pl9y 7book xxxvii41 *ap4 ii41 p4 #fjf ( ! ,engli% edition ( #afja7 ?us n>rates ! po9t3 ,hee ,niceas write? also1 t 9 ,aegypt x amb] is eng5d]$4444 ,semblably 9 ,syria1 ! wom5 7sai? hee7 make :]ves ( x = _! sp9dles1 :]e !y use to call x ,h>pax1 because x w cat* up leaves1 /raws1 & fr+es hang+ to cloa?s4 p4 #fjh4 ,to come to ! prop]ties t ,amb] ha?1 ,if x bee well rubb$ & *auf$ betwe5e ! f+]s1 ! pot5tiall facultie t lie? )91 is set on "w1 & br\ght into actual op]ation1 :]eby y %all see x to drawe *affe /rawes1 drie leaves1 yea1 & ?9 r9ds ( ! ,l9d5 or ,tillet tree1 aft] ! same sort z load/one drawe? yron4 #aae ,,page #dg1 ,,l9e #cf4 ,page #dg1 l9e #db4 ,quod etiam facit ,gagates lapis4--,! prop]ties ( ,jet 7 well kn[n to ! m$ival writ]s4 ,julius ,sol9us writes 9 ,de ,mirabilibus1 *apt] xxxiv41 ,( ,brita9e 7,engli% v]sion ( #aehg by ,a4 ,gold+73 ,moreov] to ! int5t to passe ! l>ge ab\ndance ( sundry mettals 7:]e( ,brita9e ha? _m ri* mynes on all sides71 ,"h is /ore ( ! /one call$ ,geate1 & ye be/ k9d ( x4 ,if ye demaund ye beautie ( x1 x is a black ,jewell3 if ! qualitie1 x is ( no weight3 if ! nature1 x burne? 9 wat]1 & goe? out 9 ,oyle2 if ! p[]1 rubbe x till x be w>me1 & x holde? su* ?+s z are laide to x2 z ,amb] do?4 ,! ,realme is p>tlie inhabit$ ( b>b>\s p1 :o ev5 fr !yr *ildhoode haue %apes ( div]s bea/es cunn+lye impress$ & incorporate 9 !yr bodyes1 s t bee+ engrau$ z x 7 9 !yr b[els1 z ! man gr[e?1 s gr[e ! m>ks pa9t$ vpon him4444 ,pl9y describes x z foll[s 7p4 #ehi1 ,engli% edition ( #afja73 ,! ,geat1 :i* o!rwise we call ,gagates1 c>rie? ! "n ( a t\ne & riv] bo? 9 ,lycia1 call$ ,gages3 x is said also1 t ! sea ca/e? x up at a full tide or high wat] into ! ,isl& ,leucola1 :]e x is ga!r$ )9 ! space ( twelve /adia1 & no :]e else3 blacke x is1 pla9e & ev51 ( a holl[ sub/ance 9 mann] ( ! pumi% /one1 n mu* diff]+ f ! nature ( wood2 light1 brittle1 & if x bee rubb$ or bruis$1 ( a /rong flav\r4 7,book xxxvi41 *ap4 xviii47 ,9 ! ,comm5t>y ( ,joannes ,ruellius ^u ,dioscorides1 ,p$anii ,dioscoridis ,anaz>bei de m$ic9ali mat]ia libri sex1 ,ioanne ,ruellio ,suession5si int]prete 444 7,frankfurt1 #aedc1 fol41 lib] qu9tus1 cap4 xcii47 is ! foll[+ description3 #ch ,9 ,gagat>um lapidum g5]e1 prf]5dus qui cel]it] acc5ditur1 et odorem bitum9is r$dit4 nig] e/ pl]unque1 et squalidus1 cru/osus1 p] quam levis4 ,vis ei molli5di1 et discuti5di4 depreh5dit sonticum morbum suffitus1 recreatque uulu /rangulationes4 fugat s]p5tes nidore4 podagricis m$icam9ibus1 et a copis additur4 ,9 ,cilicia nasci solet1 qua influ5s amnis 9 m>e effunditur1 proxime oppidum quod ,plagiopolis dicitur4 vocatur autem et locus et amnis ,gagas1 9 cujus faucibus ii lapides inv5iuntur4 ,gagates lapis colore atro1 ,g]manis ,s*w>tz] aug/e91 voce p>um depravata1 dicitur4 odore dum uritur bitum9is1 siccat1 glut9at1 dig]it admotus1 9 corollis prec>iis et sal9is frequ5s4 ,& 9 ! ,s*olia ^u ,dioscorides ( ,joannes ,lonic] 7,m>purgi1 #afdc1 cap4 xcvii41 p4 #hj7 is ! foll[+3 ,de ,gagate ,lapide4 ,ab natali solo1 urbe nimirum ,gagae ,lyciae nom5 habet4 ,gal5us se flum5 i/huc et lapidem non inv5isse1 etiamsi naui p>ua totam ,lyciam p]lu/ravit3 ait1 se autem 9 caua ,syria multos nigros lapides inv5isse glebosos1 qui igni impositi1 exiguam flammam gign]5t4 ,mem9it hujus ,nic&] 9 ,!riacis nempe suffitum hujus abig]e v55ata4 ,!re is also a good acc\nt ( ,gagates 7& ( ,succ9um7 by ,langius1 ,epi/ola ,,lxxv41 p4 #ded1 ( ! "w ,epi/ol>um m$ic9alium volum5 trip>titum 7,franc(urti1 #aehi74 #aaf ,,page #dg1 ,,l9e #ci4 ,page #dg1 l9e #de4 ,multi sunt au?ores mod]ni4--,! mod]n au?ors :o rais$ ,gilb]t's wra? by ignorantly copy+ out all ! old tales ab\t amb]1 jet1 & load/one1 in/ead ( inve/igat+ ! facts1 71 z he says at ! beg9n+ ( ! *apt]1 "s !ologians1 & "s physicians4 ,he seems to h tak5 a special dislike to ,alb]tus ,magnus1 to ,puteanus 7,du ,puys71 & to ,lev9us ,lemnius4 #aag ,,page #dg1 ,,l9e #ci4 ,page #dg1 l9e #df4 gagate4--,! editions ( #afbh & #afcc bo? read ex gagate4 #aah ,,page #dh1 ,,l9e #ad4 ,page #dh1 l9e #af4 ,nam non solum succ9um1 gagates 7vt illi putant7 allectant corpuscula4--,! li/ ( bodies kn[n to become electrical by friction 0 n q s re/rict$ z w\ld appe> f ?is passage4 ,five1 if n six1 o!r m9]als _h be5 nam$ 9 addition to amb] & jet4 7#a47 ,lyncurium4 ,?is /one1 ab\t :i* !re has be5 m obscurity & confusion ?an ab\t any o!r gem1 is suppos$ by "s writ]s to be ! t\rmal9e1 by o!rs a jac9?1 & by o!rs a belemnite4 ,! anci5ts suppos$ x to be produc$ f ! ur9e ( ! lynx4 ,! foll[+ is ! acc\nt ( ,!ophra/us1 ,!ophra/us's ,hi/ory ( ,/ones4 ,) an ,engli% ,v]sion 4441 by ,sir ,john ,hill1 ,london1 #aggd1 p4 #abc1 *4 xlix4-l4 ,!re is "s ,workman%ip requir$ to br+ ! ,em]ald to its ,lu/re1 = orig9ally x is n s bright4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 excell5t 9 its ,virtues1 z is also ! ,lapis ,lyncurius1 :i* is likewise us$ = engrav+ ,seals on1 & is ( a v solid ,texture1 z ,/ones are2 x has also an attractive ,p[]1 l t ( ,amb]1 & is said to attract n only ,/raws & small pieces ( ,/icks1 b ev5 ,copp] & ,iron1 if !y are beat5 to ?9 pieces4 ,?is ,diocles affirms4 ,! ,lapis ,lyncurius is pellucid1 & ( a fire ,col\r4 ,see also ,w4 ,watson 9 ,philos4 ,trans41 #agei1 ,l4 i41 p4 #cid1 ,obs]vations conc]n+ ! ,lyncurium ( ! anci5ts4 7#b47 ,ruby4 7#c47 ,g>net4 ,! au?ority = bo? ^! is ,pl9y1 ,nat4 ,hi/41 book xxxvii41 *ap4 vii4 7p4 #fag ( ,engli% edition ( #afja74 #ci ,ov] & besides1 ,i f9d o!r sorts ( ,rubies diff]5t f ^? above-nam$2444 :i* be+ *auf$ 9 ! ,sun1 or o!rwise set 9 a heat by rubb+ ) ! f+]s1 w draw unto !m *affe1 /rawes1 %reads1 & leaves ( pap]4 ,! common ,gr5at also ( ,c>*$on or ,c>?age1 is said to doe z mu*1 al?\gh x be inf]i\r 9 price to ! =m]4 7#d47 ,jasp]4 ,affaytatus is ! au?ority1 9 ,=tunii ,affaitati ,physici atque ,!ologi 444 ,physic ,a/ronomic cosid]ationes 7,v5et41 #aedi71 :]e1 on p4 #bj1 he speaks ( ! magnet turn+ to ! pole1 lik5+ x to ! turn+ ( a palea ab ,ambro vel ,iaspide et hujuscemodi lapillis lucidis4 7#e47 ,ly*nis4 ,pl9y & ,/4 ,isidore speak ( a c]ta9 /one ly*nis1 ( a sc>let or flame col\r1 :i*1 :5 w>m$ by ! sun or betwe5 ! f+]s1 attracts /raws or leaves ( papyrus4 ,pl9y puts ?is /one among/ c>buncles1 b x is mu* m probably rubellite1 t is to say1 r$ t\rmal9e4 7#f47 ,diamond4 ,9 spite ( ! confusion already not$1 propos ( adamas 7,note to p4 #dg71 betwe5 load/one & diamond1 !re seems to be "o di/9ct record ( an attractive effect hav+ be5 obs]v$ ) a rubb$ diamond4 ,?is 0 record$ by ,fraca/orio1 ,de sympa?ia et antipa?ia r]um 7,giunta edition1 ,v5ice1 ,,mdlxxiiii1 *ap4 v41 p4 #fj v]so71 cujus rei illud esse signum pote/1 cum confricata qud vt ,succ9um1 ,adamas =tius furculos trahunt4 ,& 7on p4 #fb recto72 nam si p] similitud9e 7vt supra diximus7 fit hc attractio1 cur magnes non potius magnetem trahit1 q f]rum1 f]rum non potius ad f]rum movetur1 qum ad magnetem8 qu nam aff9itas e/ pilorum1 furculorum cum ,electro1 ,adamante8 prs]tim q si cum ,electro aff9es sunt1 quomodo cum ,adamante aff9itatem habebunt1 qui dissimilis ,electro e/8 ,an inconte/able case ( ! obs]vation ( ! electrification ( ! diamond occurs 9 ,g>tias ab ,horto4 ,! fir/ edition ( 8 ,hi/oria dei ,semplici ,aromati 0 publi%t at ,goa 9 ,india 9 #aefc4 ,9 *apt] xlviii4 on ! ,diamond1 occur ^! words 7p4 #bjj ( ! ,v5etian edition ( #afaf73 ,que/o si b5e ho sp]im5tato io pi volte1 *e due ,diamanti p]fetti fregati insieme1 si vniscono di modo insieme1 *e non di leggi]o li potrai sep>>e4 ,et ho p>im5te v$uto il ,diamante dopo di ess] b5 riscaldato1 tir>e se le fe/u*e1 non m51 *e si faccia l'elettro4 ,see also ,aldrov&i1 ,musum ,metallicum 7,bonon41 #afdh1 p4 #idg74 ,lev9us ,lemnius also m5tions ! ,diamond along ) amb]4 ,see 8 ,occulta natur miracula 7,engli% edition1 ,london1 #afeh1 p4 #aii74 #aai ,,page #dh1 ,,l9e #af4 ,page #dh1 l9e #ah4 ,iris gemma4--,! "n iris 0 giv51 !re c be little d\bt1 to cle> six sid$ prisms ( rock-cry/al 7qu>tz71 :i*1 :5 held 9 ! sun's beams1 ca/ a crude spectrum ( ! col\rs ( ! ra9b[4 ,! foll[+ is ! acc\nt ( x giv5 9 ,pl9y1 book xxxvii41 *ap4 vii4 7p4 #fbc ( ! ,engli% v]sion ( #afja73 444 !re is a /one 9 "n call$ ,iris3 digg$ out ( ! gr\nd x is 9 a c]ta9e ,isl& ( ! r$ sea1 di/ant f ! city ,b]5ice ?ree score miles4 ,= ! mo/ "p x resemble? ,cry/all3 :i* is ! reason t "s ha? te>m$ x ! root ( ,cry/all4 ,b ! cause :y !y call x ,iris1 is1 ,t if ! beames ( ! ,sunne /rike ^u x directly )9 h\se1 x do? s5d f x aga9/ ! walls t bee ne>e1 ! v resemblance bo? 9 =me & also 9 col\r ( a ra9eb[2 & eftsoones x w *aunge ! same 9 mu* v>ietie1 to ! great admiration ( !m t behold x4 ,= c]ta9 x is kn[ne1 t six angles x ha? 9 mann] ( ! ,cry/all3 b !y say t "s ( !m h _! sides rugg$1 & ! same #dj unequally angl$3 :i* if !y be laid abroad aga9/ ! ,sunne 9 ! op5 aire1 d scatt] ! beames ( ! ,sunne1 :i* light ^u !m too & fro3 also t o!rs doe yeeld a brightnes f !mselves1 & !reby illum9at all t is ab\t !m4 ,z = ! div]se col\rs :i* !y ca/ =?1 x nev] happ5e? b 9 a d>ke or %add[ie place3 :]eby a man may "k1 t ! v>ietie ( col\rs is n 9 ! /one ,iris1 b comme? by ! rev]b]ation ( ! wals4 ,b ! be/ ,iris is t :i* repres5te? ! greate/ circles ^u ! wall1 & ^? :i* bee like/ unto ra9eb[es inde$4 ,9 ! ,engli% translation ( ,sol9us's ,de ,mirabilibus 7,! excell5t & pleasant worke ( ,julius ,sol9us conta9+ ! noble actions ( huma9e creatures1 ! secretes & provid5ce ( nature1 ! descriptions ( c\ntries 444 tr4 by ,a4 ,gold+1 g5t41 ,lond41 #aehg71 *apt] xv4 on ,arabia has ! foll[+3 ,hee f9de? likewise ! ,iris 9 ! ,r$ sea1 sixe corn]$ z ! ,cry/all3 :i* bee+ t\*$ ) ! ,sunnebeames1 ca/e? out ( him a bryght reflexion ( ! ayre l ! ,rayneb[e4 ,iris is also m5tion$ by ,alb]tus ,magnus 7,de m9]alibus1 ,v5et41 #aedb1 p4 #ahi71 by ,m>bodeus ,gallus 7,de lapidibus1 ,p>4 #aeca1 p4 #gh71 :o describes x z cry/allo simulem sexangulam1 by ,lomatius 7,artes ( curi\s ,pa9t+e1 ,haydocke's translation1 ,lond41 #aeih1 p4 #aeg71 :o says1 444 ! ,sunne1 :i* ca/+ 8 beames vpon ! /one ,iris1 cause? ! ra9e-b[e to appe>e !re9 4441 & by ,sir ,john ,hill 7,a ,g5]al ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,lond41 #agdh1 p4 #agi74 ,figures ( ! ,iris giv5 by ,aldrov&i 9 ! ,musum ,metallicum cle>ly depict cry/als ( qu>tz4 #abj ,,page #dh1 ,,l9e #af4 ,page #dh1 l9e #ah4 ,v9c5t9a1 ,bri/olla 7,anglica gemma siue fluor74 ,?is is d\btless ! same sub/ance z ! ,gemma ,v9c5tij rupis m5tion$ on p4 #ed1 l9e #af 7p4 #ed1 l9e #ah1 ( ,engli% ,v]sion71 & is no?+ else ?an ! s-call$ ,bri/ol diamond1 a v>iety ( d>k qu>tz cry/alliz$ 9 small brilliant cry/als ^u a basis ( hmatite4 ,to ! "w by ,dr4 ,?omas ,v5n] 7,lond41 #afej71 entitl$ ,via ,recta or ! ,ba!s ( ,ba!1 !re is add$ an app5dix1 ,a ,c5sure conc]n+ ! wat] ( ,sa9t ,v9c5ts ,rocks ne] ,bri/ol 7,urbs pul*ra et ,emporium celebre71 9 :i*1 at p4 #cgf1 occurs ?is passage3 ,?is ,wat] ( ,sa9t ,v9c5ts ,rock is ( a v pure1 cle>e1 cry/all9e sub/ance1 answ]+ to ^? cry/all9e ,diamonds & transp>5t /ones t are pl5tifully f\nd 9 ^? ,clifts4 ,9 ! ,fossils ,arrang$ ( ,sir ,john ,hill 7,lond41 #agga71 p4 #abc1 is ! foll[+ entry3 ,black cry/al4 ,small v h>d heavy glossy4 ,p]fectly black1 opake4 ,bri/ol 7grottos1 glass7 ref]r+ to its use4 ,! "n ,v9c5t9a is n kn[n z occurr+ 9 any m9]alogical book4 ,pr(4 ,h4 ,a4 ,mi]s1 ,f4,r4,s41 writes conc]n+ ! passage3 ,anglica gemma sive fluor seems to be a synonym = ,bri/olla1 or possibly = ,v9c5t9a et ,bri/olla4 ,bo? qu>tz & fluor are f\nd at ,clifton4 ,9 t case ,v9c5t9a & ,bri/olla ref] to ^! two m9]als1 & if s "o w\ld expect ,bri/olla to be ! ,bri/ol ,diamond1 & ,v9c5t9a to be ! comp>atively r>e ,fluor sp> f t locality4 ,at ! end ( ! edition ( #afec ( ,sir ,hugh ,plat's ,jewel ,h\se ( ,art & ,nature1 is app5d$ ,a r>e & excell5t ,disc\rse ( ,m9]als1 ,/ones1 ,gums1 & ,ros9s2 ) ! v]tues & use !re(1 ,by ,d4 ,b4 ,g5t4 ,"h1 p4 #bah1 we read3 ,we h 9 ,engl& a /one or m9]al call$ a ,bri/ol /one 7because #da _m are f\nd !reab\ts7 :i* mu* resembles ! ,adamant or ,diamond1 :i* is br\ght out ( ,arabia & ,cyprus2 b z x is want+ ( ! same h>dnesse1 s falls x %ort ( ! l v]tues4 #aba ,,page #dh1 ,,l9e #ah4 ,page #dh1 l9e #ai4 ,cry/allus4--,rock-cry/al4 ,qu>tz4 ,pl9y's acc\nt ( x 7,philemon ,holl&'s v]sion ( #afja1 p4 #fjd7 9 book xxxvii41 *ap1 ii41 is3 ,z t\*+ ,cry/all1 x proce$e? ( a contr>ie cause1 namely ( cold2 = a liquor x is congeal$ by extreame fro/ 9 mann] ( yce2 & = pro(e h]e(1 y %all f9d cry/all 9 no place els b :]e ! w9t] sn[ is froz5 h>d3 s z we may boldly say1 x is v]ie yce & no?+ else1 :]eupon ! ,greeks h give x ! "r "n ,cry/allos1 i4 ,yce4444 ,?us mu* ,i d>e my selfe av\*1 t cry/all gr[e? )9 c]ta9e rockes ^u ! ,alps1 & ^! s /eepe & inaccessible1 t = ! mo/ "p !y are con/ra9$ to hang by ropes t %all get x =?4 #abb ,,page #dh1 ,,l9e #ah4 ,page #dh1 l9e #bj4 ,similes etiam attrah5di vires hab]e vid5tur vitrum 444 sulphur1 ma/ix1 c]a dura sigill>is4 ,if1 z %[n above1 ! electric p[]s ( diamond & ruby _h already be5 obs]v$1 yet ,gilb]t 0 ! fir/ beyond "q to ext5d ! li/ ( electrics beyond ! class ( preci\s /ones1 & 8 discov]y t glass1 sulphur1 & seal+-wax act$1 :5 rubb$1 l amb]1 0 ( capital importance4 ,?\gh he did n pursue ! discov]y into me*anical contrivances1 he left ! means ( t ext5sion to 8 foll[]s4 ,to ,otto von ,gu]icke we owe ! application ( sulphur to make ! fir/ electrical ma*9e out ( a revolv+ globe2 to ,sir ,isaac ,newton ! sugge/ion ( glass z af=d+ a m me*anical con/ruction4 ,electrical attraction by natural products o!r ?an amb] aft] !y h be5 rubb$ mu/ h be5 obs]v$ by ! primitive races ( mank9d4 ,inde$ ,humboldt 9 8 ,cosmos 7,lond41 #ahfj1 vol4 i41 p4 #ahb7 records a /rik+ in/ance3 ,i obs]v$ ) a/oni%m5t1 on ! woody banks ( ! ,or9oco1 9 ! sports ( ! natives1 t ! excitem5t ( electricity by friction 0 kn[n to ^! savage races1 :o occupy ! v l[e/ place 9 ! scale ( humanity4 ,*ildr5 may be se5 to rub ! dry1 flat & %9+ se$s or husks ( a trail+ plant 7probably a ,negretia7 until !y are able to attract ?reads ( cotton & pieces ( bamboo cane4 #abc ,,page #dh1 ,,l9e #bc4 ,page #dh1 l9e #be4 ars5icum4--,?is is orpim5t4 ,see ! ,diction>y ( metallick words at ! end ( ,pettus's ,fleta ,m9or4 #abd ,,page #dh1 ,,l9e #bc4 ,page #dh1 l9e #bf4 9 conv5i5ti coelo sicco4--,! obs]vation t only 9 a dry climate d rock-salt1 mica1 & rock-alum act z electrics is also ( capital importance4 ,comp>e page #ef4 #abe ,,page #dh1 ,,l9e #bg4 ,page #dh1 l9e #ca4 ,alliciunt hc omnia non fe/ucas modo paleas4--,gilb]t himself m>ks ! importance ( ?is discov]y by ! l>ge a/]isk 9 ! m>g94 ,! logical consequ5ce 0 8 inv5tion ( ! fir/ electroscope1 ! v]sorium non magneticum1 made ( any metal1 figur$ on p4 #di4 #abf ,,page #dh1 ,,l9e #cd4 ,page #dh1 l9e #cf4 quod tantum siccas attrahat paleas1 nec folia ocimi4--,?is silly tale t basil leaves 7 n attract$ by amb] arose 9 ! ,qu/iones ,convivales ( ,plut>*4 ,x is repeat$ by ,m>bodeus & 0 quot$ by ,lev9us ,lemnius z true4 ,gilb]t d5\nc$ x z nons5se4 ,c>dan 7,de ,subtilitate1 ,norimb41 #aeej1 p4 #acb7 _h already contradict$ ! fable4 ,trahit enim1 he says1 omnia levia1 paleas1 fe/ucas1 ram5ta #db t5uia metallorum1 ocimi folia1 p]p]am contradic5te ,!ophra/o4 ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne specifically refut$ x4 ,= if1 he says1 ! leaves !re( or dri$ /alks be /ripp$ into small /rawes1 !y arise unto ,amb]1 ,wax1 & o!r ,electricks1 no o!rwise !n ^? ( ,:eat or ,rye4 #abg ,,page #dh1 ,,l9e #cd4 ,page #dh1 l9e #ch4 ,s$ vt pot]is manife/ exp]iri4444 ,gilb]t's exp]im5tal discov]ies 9 electricity may be summ>iz$ z foll[s3 #a4 ,! g5]alization ( ! class ( ,electrics4 #b4 ,! obs]vation t damp wea!r h9d]s electrification4 #c4 ,! g5]alization t electrifi$ bodies attract ev]y?+1 includ+ ev5 metals1 wat]1 & oil4 #d4 ,! inv5tion ( ! non-magnetic v]sorium or electroscope4 #e4 ,! obs]vation t m]ely w>m+ amb] does n electrify x4 #f4 ,! recognition ( a def9ite class ( non-electrics4 #g4 ,! obs]vation t c]ta9 electrics d n attract if roa/$ or burnt4 #h4 ,t c]ta9 electrics :5 s(t5$ by heat lose _! p[]4 #i4 ,t ! electric effluvia are /opp$ by ! int]position ( a %eet ( pap] or a piece ( l951 or by moi/ air bl[n f ! m\?4 #aj4 ,t gl[+ bodies1 su* z a live coal1 br\ght ne> excit$ amb] dis*>ge its p[]4 #aa4 ,t ! heat ( ! sun1 ev5 :5 conc5trat$ by a burn+ mirror1 conf]s no vig\r on ! amb]1 b dissipates ! effluvia4 #ab4 ,t sulphur & %ell-lac :5 aflame are n electric4 #ac4 ,t poli% is n ess5tial = an electric4 #ad4 ,t ! electric attracts bodies !mselves1 n ! int]v5+ air4 #ae4 ,t flame is n attract$4 #af4 ,t flame de/roys ! electrical effluvia4 #ag4 ,t dur+ s\? w9ds & 9 damp wea!r1 glass & cry/al1 :i* collect moi/ure on _! surface1 are electrically m int]f]$ ) ?an amb]1 jet & sulphur1 :i* d n s easily take up moi/ure on _! surfaces4 #ah4 ,t pure oil does n h9d] production ( electrification or ex]cise ( attraction4 #ai4 ,t smoke is electrically attract$1 unless too r>e4 #bj4 ,t ! attraction by an electric is 9 a /raight l9e t[>d x4 #abh ,,page #dh1 ,,l9e #ce4 ,page #dh1 l9e #ci4 qu sunt ill mat]i4--,gilb]t's li/ ( electrics %\ld be comp>$ ) ^? giv5 subsequ5tly by ,cabeus 7#afbi71 by ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne 7#afdf71 & by ,bacon4 ,! la/-nam$ li/ occurs 9 8 ,physiological ,rema9s1 publi%$ po/hum\sly 9 #afgi2 x conta9s no?+ new4 ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne's li/ is giv5 9 ! foll[+ passage1 :i* is int]e/+ z us+ = ! fir/ "t 9 ! ,engli% language ! n\n ,electricities3 ,_m /ones also bo? preci\s & vulg>1 al?\gh t]se & smoo?1 h n ?is p[] attractive2 z ,em]alds1 ,pe>le1 ,jaspis1 ,corneleans1 ,aga!1 ,heliotropes1 ,m>ble1 ,alabla/]1 ,t\*/one1 ,fl9t & ,bezo>4 ,glasse attracts b weakely ?\gh cle]e1 "s slick /ones & ?ick glasses indiff]5tly3 ,ars5ic b weakely1 s likewise glasse ( ,antimony1 b ,crocus ,metallorum n at all4 ,saltes g5]ally b weakely1 z ,sal ,gemma1 ,alum1 & also ,talke1 nor v discov]ably by any frication3 b if g5tly w>m$ at ! fire1 & wip$ ) a dry clo?1 !y w bett] discov] _! ,electricities4 7,pseudodoxia ,epidemica1 p4 #gi47 ,9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 vol4 xx41 p4 #chd1 is ,a ,catalogue ( ,electrical ,bodies by ! late ,dr4 ,rob4 ,plot4 ,x beg9s ,non solum succ9um1 & ends alum5 rupeum1 be+ id5tical ) ,gilb]t's li/ except t he calls ,v9c5t9a ,bri/olla by ! "n ,pseudoadamas ,bri/oli5sis4 #abi ,,page #di1 ,,l9e #be4 ,page #di1 l9e #cj4 non dissimili modo4--,! modus #dc op]&i ( ! electrical attractions 0 a subject ( mu* discussion2 see ,c>dan1 op4 citat4 #acj ,,page #ea1 ,,l9e #b4 ,page #ea1 l9e #a4 appellunt4--,?is appe>s to be a mispr9t = appelluntur4 #aca ,,page #ea1 ,,l9e #bb4 ,page #ea1 l9e #bc4 smyris4--,em]y4 ,?is sub/ance is m5tion$ on p4 #bb z a magnetic body4 #acb ,,page #eb1 ,,l9e #a4 ,page #ea1 l9e #df4 gemm 444 vt ,cry/allus1 qu ex limpid concreuit4 ,see ! note to p4 #dh4 #acc ,,page #eb1 ,,l9e #cj4 ,page #eb1 l9e #cb4 ammoniacum4--,ammoniacum1 or ,gutta ,ammoniaca1 is describ$ by ,dioscorides z be+ ! juice ( a f]ula gr[n 9 ,africa1 resembl+ galbanum1 & us$ = inc5se4 ,ammoniack is a k9d ( ,gum l ,frank9c5se2 x gr[s 9 ,lybia1 :]e ,ammon's ,temple 04 ,sir ,hugh ,plat's ,jewel ,h\se ( ,art & ,nature 7,ed4 #afec1 p4 #bbc74 #acd ,,page #eb1 ,,l9e #ch4 ,page #eb1 l9e #da4 du proposit sunt caus 444 mat]ia =ma4--,gilb]t _h imbib$ ! s*oolm5's ideas z to ! relations ( matt] & =m4 ,he _h discov]$ & not$ t 9 ! magnetic attractions !re 0 always a v]ticity1 & t 9 ! electrical attractions ! rubb$ electrical body _h no v]ticity4 ,to acc\nt = ^! diff]5ces he drew ! inf]5ce t s9ce 7z he _h satisfi$ himself7 ! magnetic actions 7 due to =m1 t is to say to some?+ immat]ial--to an impond]able z 9 ! subsequ5t age x 0 call$--! electrical actions mu/ necess>ily be due to matt]4 ,he !re=e put =w>d 8 idea t a sub/ance to be an electric mu/ necess>ily consi/ ( a concret$ hum\r :i* is p>tially resolv$ into an effluvium by attrition4 ,8 discov]ies t electric actions w\ld n pass ?r\gh flame1 :il/ magnetic actions w\ld1 & t electric actions c\ld be scre5$ (f by int]pos+ ! ?9ne/ lay] ( fabric su* z s>c5et1 :il/ magnetic actions w\ld p5etrate ?ick slabs ( e mat]ial except iron only1 d\btless confirm$ him 9 attribut+ ! electric =ces to ! pres5ce ( ^! effluvia4 ,see also p4 #fe4 ,!re arose a fa%ion1 :i* la/$ ov] a c5tury1 = ascrib+ to hum\rs1 or fluids1 or effluvia1 physical effects :i* c\ld n o!rwise be acc\nt$ =4 ,boyle's tracts ( ! ye>s #afgc & #afgd on effluviums1 _! det]m9ate nature1 _! /range subtilty1 & _! great efficacy1 are examples4 #ace ,,page #ec1 ,,l9e #i4 ,page #ec1 l9e #aa4 ,magnes v]o4444--,?is passage f l9e #i to l9e #bd /ates v cle>ly ! diff]5ces to be obs]v$ betwe5 ! magnetical & ! electrical attractions4 #acf ,,page #ec1 ,,l9e #cf4 ,page #ec1 l9e #da4 succ9o calefacto4--,ed4 #afcc reads succ9um 9 error4 #acg ,,page #ed1 ,,l9e #i4 ,page #ed1 l9e #aa4 ,plut>*us 444 9 qu/ionibus ,platonicis4--,! foll[+ ,lat9 v]sion ( ! p>agraph 9 ,qu/io sexta is tak5 f ! bil+ual edition publi%t at ,v5ice 9 #aeeb1 p4 #ag v]so1 lib] vii41 cap4 #g 7or1 ,qu/io ,septima 9 ,ed4 ,didot1 p4 #abcj74 ,electrum u]o qu apposita sunt1 nequaqum trahit1 quem admodum nec lapis ille1 qui sid]itis nuncupatur1 nec quicqua seipso ad ea qu 9 prop9quo sunt1 extr9secus assilit4 ,v]um lapis magnes effluxiones quasdam tum graves1 tum etiam spiritales emittit1 quibus a] cont9uatus iunctus repellitur4 ,is de9ceps alium sibi proximum impellit1 qui 9 orbem circum actus1 atque ad inanem locum r$i5s1 ui f]rum fecum rapit trahit4 ,at ,electrum uim qu&am flamm similem spiritalem cont9et1 quam quidem #dd tritu summ p>tis1 quo ap]iuntur meatus1 =as eijcit4 ,nam leuissima corpuscula aridissima qu prop sunt1 sua t5uitate atque imbecillitate ad seipsum ducit rapit1 cum non sit adeo ual5s1 nec tantum habeat pond]is mom5ti ad expell5dam a]is copiam1 ut maiora corpora m ,magnetis sup]>e possit u9c]e4 #ach ,,page #ed1 ,,l9e #af4 ,page #ed1 l9e #ah4 ,gemma ,v9c5tij rupis4--,see ! note to p4 #dh supra1 :]e ! "n ,v9c5t9a occurs4 #aci ,,page #ed1 ,,l9e #cj4 ,page #ed1 l9e #ce4 orobi4--,! editions ( #afbh & #afcc read oribi4 #adj ,,page #ee1 ,,l9e #cd4 ,page #ee1 l9e #db4 9 euacuati4--,! editions ( #afbh & #afcc read inevacuati4 #ada ,,page #eh1 ,,l9e #ba4 ,page #eh1 l9e #be4 assurg5tem vndam 444 decl9at ab ,f4--,^! words are want+ 9 ! ,/ett9 editions4 #adb ,,page #ei1 ,,l9e #i4 ,page #ei1 l9e #i4 fluore4--,?is ^w is conjectur$ to be a mispr9t = fluxu b x /&s 9 all editions4 #adc ,,page #ei1 ,,l9e #bb4 ,page #ei1 l9e #be4 ,ruunt ad electria4--,?is appe>s to be a slip = electrica1 :i* is ! read+ ( ! editions ( #afbh & #afcc4 #add ,,page #fj1 ,,l9e #g4 ,page #fj1 l9e #i4 tanq mat]iales radij4--,! sugge/ion "h ( mat]ial rays z ! modus op]&i ( electric =ces seems to =e%ad[ ! notion ( electric l9es ( =ce4 #ade ,,page #fj1 ,,l9e #aj4 ,page #fj1 l9e #ab4 ,diff]5tia int] magnetica electrica4--,?\gh ,gilb]t 0 ! fir/ sy/ematically to explore ! diff]5ces t exi/ betwe5 ! magnetic attraction ( iron & ! electric attraction ( all light sub/ances1 ! po9t _h n pass$ unhe$$1 = we f9d ,/4 ,augu/9e1 9 ! ,de ,civitate ,dei1 lib] xxi41 cap4 #f1 rais+ ! "q :y ! load/one :i* attracts iron %\ld refuse to move /raws4 ,! _m analogies betwe5 electric & magnetic ph5om5a _h l$ _m exp]im5t]s to speculate on ! possibility ( "s connexion betwe5 electricity & magnetism4 ,see1 = example1 ,tib]ius ,cavallo1 ,a ,treatise on ,magnetism1 ,london1 #aghg1 p4 #abf4 ,also ! ?ree volumes ( ,j4 ,h4 van ,sw9d51 ,receuil de ,mmoires sur l',analogie de ,electricit et du ,magntisme1 ,la ,haye1 #aghd4 ,aep9us wrote a treatise on ! subject1 entitl$ ,de ,similitud9e vis electric et magnetic 7,petropolis1 #ageh74 ,?is 01 ( c\rse1 long prior to ! discov]y1 by ,o]/$1 9 #ahbj1 ( ! real connexion betwe5 magnetism & ! electric curr5t4 #adf ,,page #fj1 ,,l9e #be4 ,page #fj1 l9e #ca4 ,coitionem dicimus1 non attractionem4--,see ! rem>ks1 at ! outset ( ^! ,notes1 on ,gilb]t's def9itions ( words4 #adg ,,page #fj1 ,,l9e #cc4 ,page #fa1 l9e #a4 ,orpheus 9 suis c>m9ibus4--,?is passage is 9 ! *apt] ,greek3 ,li?ika ( ,orpheus1 v]ses #cja to #cbg4 ,see ,note to p4 #aa1 l9e #ai4 #adh ,,page #fa1 ,,l9e #ae4 ,page #fa1 l9e #ai4 ,platonis 9 ,timo op9io4--,! passage runs 7edition ,didot1 vol4 ii41 p4 #bdj1 or ,/ephanus1 p4 #hj1 ,c473 ,greek3 ,kai d kai ta tn hudatn panta rheumata eti de ta tn k]aunn ptmata kai ta ?aumazom5a lektrn p]i ts helxes kai tn ,hraklein li?n1 pantn t\tn holk m5 ouk e/9 oud5i pote1 to de k5on e9ai md5 p]i!9 te hauta tauta eis allla1 to te diakr9om5a kai sunkr9om5a pros tn hautn diameibom5a h$ran heka/a i5ai panta1 t\tois tois pa?masi pros allla sumple*!isi te?aumat\rgm5a ti kata tropon zt\nti phansetai4 #adi ,,page #fa1 ,,l9e #cj4 ,page #fa1 l9e #ch4 ,! ,engli% v]sion ( ! l9es ( ,lucretius is f ,busby's translation4 #aej ,,page #fb1 ,,l9e #e4 #de ,page #fb1 l9e #g4 ,iohannes ,co/u ,laud5sis4--,joannes ,co/a1 ( ,lodi1 edit$ ,gal5 & ,avic5na4 ,he also wrote a ,de univ]sali /irpium ,natura 7,aug4 ,taur941 #aegh74 #aea ,,page #fc1 ,,l9e #c4 ,page #fc1 l9e #d4 ,cornelius ,gemma #aj4 ,cosmocrit4--,?is ref]s to ! "w ,de ,natur ,div9is ,*>act]ismis 444 ,libri ii4 ,avctore ,d4 ,corn4 ,gemma 7,antv41 #aege1 lib4 i41 cap4 vii41 p4 #abc74 ,c]t vt magnete ins5siles radij f]rum ad se attrahunt1 ab e*9eide p>uo pisciculo si/untur pl5a nauigia1 catoblepa spiritu non hom9es solm1 s$ alta s]p5tum g5]a int]imuntur1 saxa dehiscunt4 ,see also ,kir*]'s ,magneticum ,natur ,regnum 7,am/]odami1 #affg1 p4 #agb71 ,sectio iv41 cap4 iii41 ,de ,magnete ,navium1 qu ,remora seu ,e*5eis dicitur4 ,see ! note to p4 #g1 l9e #ba4 #aeb ,,page #fc1 ,,l9e #f4 ,page #fc1 l9e #g4 ,guilielmus ,puteanus4--,puteanus 7,du ,puys7 wrote a "w ,de ,m$icam5torum quomodocunque ,purgantium ,facultatibus1 ,libri ii4 7,lugd41 #aeeb71 9 :i* he talks vaguely ab\t ! sub/antial =m ( ! magnet1 & quotes ,ari/otle & ,gal54 #aec ,,page #fc1 ,,l9e #ba4 ,page #fc1 l9e #be4 ,bapti/ ,port4--,! passage 9 ! translation is quot$ f ! ,engli% v]sion ( #afeh1 pp4 #aia1 #aib4 #aed ,,page #fd1 ,,l9e #d4 ,page #fd1 l9e #i4 ,erudit magis ,scalig]4--,gilb]t pokes fun at ,scalig]1 ^: erudite guess 7t ! motion ( iron to ! magnet 0 t ( ! (fspr+ t[>d ! p>5t7 is to be f\nd 9 8 book ,de ,subtilitate1 ad ,c>danum1 ,ex]citatio ,,cii4 7,luteti1 #aeeg1 p4 #aef bis74 #aee ,,page #fd1 ,,l9e #g4 ,page #fd1 l9e #aa4 ,diuus ,?omas4--,on p4 #c ,gilb]t _h already spok5 ( ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as z a man ( intellect :o w\ld h add$ m ab\t ! magnet _h he be5 m conv]sant ) exp]im5ts4 ,! passage "h quot$ is f ! middle ( ,lib] vii4 ( 8 comm5t>ies on ! de ,physica ( ,ari/otle1 ,expositio ,diui ,?ome ,aqu9atis ,doctoris ,angelici sup] octo libros ,physicorum ,ari/otelis1 etc4 7,v5ice1 ,giunta edition1 #aeci1 p4 #if v]so1 col4 #b74 #aef ,,page #fd1 ,,l9e #af4 ,page #fd1 l9e #bd4 ,c>d9alis etiam ,cusanus4--,c>d9al de ,cusa 7,nicolas ,khrypffs7 wrote a set ( dialogues on ,/atics1 ,nicolai ,cusani de /aticis exp]im5tis dialogus 7#aeej71 ( :i* an ,engli% v]sion appe>$ 9 ,london 9 #afej ) ! title1 ,! ,idiot 9 f\r books2 ! fir/ & second ( wisdom1 ! ?ird ( ! m9de1 ! f\r? ( /atick exp]im5ts4 ,by ! fam\s & le>n$ ,c4 ,cusanus4 ,9 ! f\r? book ( /atick ,exp]im5ts1 ,or exp]im5ts ( ! ,ballance1 occurs 7p4 #ahf7 ! foll[+3 ,orat4 ,tell me1 if ?\ ha/ any device :]eby ! v]tues ( /ones may be weigh$4 ,id4 ,i ?9ke ! v]tue ( ! ,load-/one might be weigh$1 if putt+ "s ,iron 9 "o scale1 & a ,load-/one 9 ! o!r1 untill ! ballance 7 ev51 !n tak+ away ! ,load-/one1 & "s o!r ?+ ( ! same weight be+ put into ! scale1 ! ,load-/one 7 hold5 ov] ! ,iron1 s t t scale w\'d beg9 to rise2 by reason ( ! ,load-/ones attraction ( ! ,iron1 !n take out "s ( ! weight ( ! o!r scale1 untill ! scale :]e9 ! iron is1 doe s9ke aga9e to ! quilibrium1 or equality /ill hold+ ! ,load-/one unmovable z x 02 ,i beleeve t by weight ( :at 0 tak5 out ( ! contr>y scale1 "o might come proportionably to ! weight ( ! v]tue or p[] ( ! ,load-/one4 ,& 9 l mann]1 ! v]tue ( a ,diamond1 might be f\nd h]eby1 because #df !y say x h9d]s ! ,load-/one f draw+ ( ,iron2 & s o!r v]tues ( o!r /ones1 consid]ation1 be+ alwayes _h ( ! greatnesse ( ! bodyes1 because 9 a great] body1 !re is a great] p[] & v]tue4 ,9 ! #aehh edition ( ,bapti/a ,porta's ,magi ,naturalis ,libri xx41 9 lib4 vii41 cap4 xviii41 occurs ! description ( ! use ( ! balance to :i* ,gilb]t ref]s4 #aeg ,,page #fg1 ,,l9e #ba4 ,page #fg1 l9e #bb4 aris rigore4--,all editions read ?us1 b ! s5se seems to require frigore4 #aeh ,,page #fg1 ,,l9e #bg4 ,page #fg1 l9e #ca4 ,fraca/orius4--,see 8 ,de ,sympa?ia1 lib4 i41 cap4 #e 7,giunta edition1 #aegd1 p4 #fj74 #aei ,,page #fh1 ,,l9e #e4 ,page #fh1 l9e #f4 ,?aletis ,milesij4--,see ! note to p4 #aa1 l9e #bf4 #afj ,,page #fh1 ,,l9e #cj4 ,page #fh1 l9e #ce4 ,x coitio magnetica actus e/ magnetis1 f]ri1 non actio vnius4--,see ! introductory rem>ks to ^! notes4 ,!re is a passage 9 ,scalig]'s ,de ,subtilitate ad ,c>danum 7,ex]citat4 ,,cii41 cap4 #e1 p4 #aef op4 citat47 :i* may be comp>$ ) ,gilb]t's = its use ( ,greek t]ms3 ,n cm uita dicatur actus anim1 acceptus e/ abs te actus pro actione4 ,s$ actus ille e/ ,greek3 entele*eia1 n autem ,greek3 ergon4 ,at ,magnetis attractio e/ ,greek3 ergon1 non aute ,greek3 entele*eia4 ,to :i* ,gilb]t retorts3 non actio unius1 utriusque ,greek3 entele*eia2 non ,greek3 ergon1 ,greek3 sun5tele*eia et conactus potius quam sympa?ia4 ,he returns on p4 #gj to ! attack on ,scalig]'s metaphysical notions4 ,!re is a p>allel passage 9 ! ,epitome ,naturalis ,sci5ti ( ,daniel ,s5n]t 7,oxoni1 #affd71 9 ! *apt] ,de ,motu4 #afa ,,page #ga1 ,,l9e #d4 ,page #ga1 l9e #h4 vt 9 #h4 physicorum ,!mi/ius exi/imat4--,see ,omnia ,!mi/ii ,op]a 7,ald9e edition1 #aecc1 p4 #fc71 ,book #h ( 8 ,p>aphrase on ,ari/otle's ,physica4 #afb ,,page #ga1 ,,l9e #i4 ,page #ga1 l9e #ad4 ,quod v] ,fraca/orius4--,op4 citat41 lib4 i41 cap4 #g1 p4 #fb v]so4 #afc ,,page #gc1 ,,l9e #b4 ,page #gc1 l9e #b4 si ,a borealis4--,! editions ( #afbh & #afcc omit ! twelve words next foll[+4 #afd ,,page #gc1 ,,l9e #i4 ,page #gc1 l9e #aa4 ex m9]a4--,m9]a is n a recogniz$ ^w1 ev5 9 late ,lat94 ,x occurs aga91 p4 #ig1 l9e #ab4 #afe ,,page #gg1 ,,l9e #b4 ,page #gg1 l9e #b4 multo magis4--,?is is an =tiori argum5t4 ,x is int]e/+ to f9d ,gilb]t comp>+ ! velocity ( propagation ( magnetic =ces 9 space ) ! velocity ( light4 ,! p>allel is complet$ 9 l9e #ac by ! consid]ation t z ! rays ( light require to fall ^u an object 9 ord] t !y may become visible1 s ! magnetic =ces require a magnetic object 9 ord] to r5d] _! pres5ce s5sible4 #aff ,,page #gh1 ,,l9e #ad4 ,page #gh1 l9e #af4 ,orbem t]r>um di/+uunt4--,! editions ( #afbh & #afcc "h add a figure ( a globe m>k$ ) m]idians & p>allels ( latitude1 b ) an errone\s v]sorium po9t+ to ! s\?4 ,^! editions also bo? read exi/5tiam = ! ^w exi/5tium 9 l9e #bj4 #afg ,,page #hc1 ,,l9e #e4 ,page #hc1 l9e #e4 magnes longior maiora pond]a f]ri attollit4--,gilb]t discov]$ ! advantage1 = an equal mass ( load/one1 ( an elongat$ %ape4 ,x is n[ well kn[n t ! specific am\nt ( magnetism reta9$ by elongat$ =ms exce$s t 9 a %ort piece ( ! same mat]ial subject$ to equal magnetiz+ =ces4 #afh ,,page #hc1 ,,l9e #bd4 ,page #hc1 l9e #bh4 ,non ob/ant crassa tabulata4--,gilb]t has sev]al times ref]r$ 7e4g41 on p4 #gg7 to ! way 9 :i* magnetic =ces p5etrate solid bodies4 ,! exp]im5tal inve/igation 9 ?is *apt] #dg is ! m int]e/+ because x %[s t ,gilb]t cle>ly p]ceiv$ ! %ield+ action ( iron to be due to iron conduct+ aside or div]t+ ! magnetic =ces4 #afi ,,page #he1 ,,l9e #bf4 ,page #he1 l9e #ca4 non conv5iant4--,! editions ( #afbh & #afcc bo? read et conv5iant4 #agj ,,page #hf1 ,,l9e #c4 ,page #hf1 l9e #c4 illud quod exhalat4--,lit]ally1 t :i* exhales1 9 ! s5se ( t :i* escapes3 b 9 mod]n ,engli% ! v]b exhale 9 ! active voice is n[ n us$ ( ! sub/ance t escapes1 b is us$ ( ! ?+ :i* emits x4 ,x mu/ !re=e be r5d]$ t :i* is exhal$ 7i4e41 brea!d out74 #aga ,,page #hf1 ,,l9e #ac4 ,page #hf1 l9e #ae4 ,ita tota int]posita moles t]re/ris4--,gilb]t's notion t ! gravitational =ce ( ! moon 9 produc+ ! tides acts ?r\gh ! sub/ance ( ! e>? may seem curi\sly express$4 ,b ! und]ly+ cont5tion is ess5tially true to-day4 ,! =ce ( gravity is n cut (f or scre5$ (f by ! int]position ( o!r masses4 ,a rec5t inve/igation by ,pr(essor ,poynt+1 ,f4,r4,s41 has %[n t s f> z all evid5ce goes all bodies1 ev5 ! d5se/1 are transp>5t ) respect to gravitational =ces4 #agb ,,page #hf1 ,,l9e #ah4 ,page #hf1 l9e #bj4 ,s$ de /us ratione alis4--,!re is no fur!r discussion ( ! tides 9 ,de ,magnete4 ,b a %ort acc\nt is to be f\nd 9 ,gilb]t's po/hum\s "w ,de ,mundo no/ro ,sublun>i ,philosophia nova 7,am/]dam1 ,elzevir1 #afea71 9 ,lib4 v41 ! "p :i* 9 ! manuscript 0 left 9 ,engli%1 & 0 turn$ into ,lat9 by 8 bro!r4 ,x comprises ab\t fifte5 qu>to pages1 f ,cap4 ,x4 to ,cap4 ,,xix4 inclusive1 beg9n+ ) a *>act]i/ic diatribe aga9/ ,taisni]1 ,lev9us ,lemnius1 & ,scalig]4 ,b 9 assign+ causes he himself goes wide ( ! m>k4 ,proce$+ by a process ( elim9ation he fir/ %[s t ! moon's light _c be ! cause t impels ! tides4 ,luna1 he says1 non radio1 non lum9e1 m>ia impellit4 quomodo igitur8 ,sane corporum conspiratione1 acque 7ut similitud9e rem exponam7 ,magnetica attractione4 ,?is cryptic utt]ance he proce$s to expla9 by a diagram1 & adds3 ,qu>e ,luna non tam attrahit m>e1 qum humorem spiritum subt]raneum2 nec plus resi/it int]posita t]ra1 qum m5sa1 aut quicquam aliud d5sum1 aut crassum1 magnetis viribus4 #agc ,,page #hg1 ,,l9e #g4 ,page #hg1 l9e #i4 armatura4--,"h ?is means ! cap or sn\t ( iron ) :i* ! load/one 0 arm$4 ,?is is app>5tly ! fir/ use ( ! t]m 9 ?is s5se4 ,9 ! ,dialogues ( ,galileo 7p4 #cfi ( ,salusbury's ,ma!matical ,collections1 ,dialogue iii471 ,sagr$us & ,salviatus discuss ! arm+ ( ! load/one1 & ! increas$ lift+ p[] conf]r$ by add+ an iron cap4 ,salviatus m5tions a load/one 9 ! ,flor5t9e ,academy :i*1 un>m$1 weigh$ six ounces1 lift+ only two ounces1 b :i* :5 arm$ took up #afj ounces4 ,:]eupon ,galileo makes ,salviatus say3 ,i extreamly praise1 admire1 & envy ?is ,au?\r1 = t a conceit s /up5di\s %\ld come into 8 m9de4 444 ,i ?9k him i4e41 ,gilb]t moreov] wor?y ( extraord9>y applause = ! _m new & true ,obs]vations t he made1 to ! disgrace ( s _m fabul\s ,au?\rs1 t write n only :at !y d n "k1 b :atev] !y he> spok5 by ! fooli% vulg>1 nev] seek+ to assure !mselves ( ! same by exp]i5ce1 p]haps1 because !y are unwill+ to dim9i% ! bulk ( _! ,books4 #agd ,,page #hg1 ,,l9e #ab4 ,page #hg1 l9e #ae4 ,! ref]5ce to lib4 #c is #dh a mispr9t = lib4 #b4 ,x is correct$ 9 ! edition ( #afcc1 b n 9 t ( #afbh4 #age ,,page #hg1 ,,l9e #ag4 ,page #hg1 l9e #ba4 conactu4--,! editions ( #afbh & #afcc read conatu4 #agf ,,page #hh1 ,,l9e #b4 ,page #hh1 l9e #c4 ,coitio v] non =tior4--,?is head+ to *ap4 xix41 tak5 ) ! sev5 l9es t foll[1 & ! contra/ drawn betwe5 unitio & coitio1 ?r[ mu* light on ! fundam5tal s5se atta*$ by ,gilb]t to ! t]m coitio4 ,x is "h cle>ly us$ 9 ! s5se ( mutual t5d5cy t[>d union4 ,note also ! contra/$ use 9 *ap4 xx4 ( ! v]bs cohre & adhre4 ,adhr5ce connotes a "o-sid$ =ce 7an impossibility 9 physics71 cohr5ce a mutual =ce4 #agg ,,page #ij1 ,,l9e #i4 ,page #ij1 l9e #i4 nemp vt alt] polus maius pondus arripiat4--,?is acute obs]vation is ev5 n[ n z well kn[n z x ought to be4 ,only s rec5tly z #ahfa ,siem5s pat5t$ ! device ( fa/5+ a mass ( iron to "o end ( an electromagnet 9 ord] to increase ! p[] ( ! o!r end4 ,! fact1 s f> z x relates to p]man5t magnets 0 kn[n to ,s]v+ton ,sav]y4 ,see ,philos4 ,transactions1 #agbi1 p4 #bie4 #agh ,,page #ib1 ,,l9e #c4 ,page #ib1 l9e #d4 ,susp5dit 9 are f]rum ,bapti/a ,porta4--,porta's exp]im5t is ?us describ$ 7,natural ,magick1 ,london1 #afeh1 p4 #bjd73 ,petrus ,pellegr9us sai?1 he %ew$ 9 ano!r "w h[ t might be done3 b t "w is n to be f\nd4 ,:y ,i ?9k x extream h>d1 ,i %all say aft]w>ds4 ,b ,i say x may be done1 because ,i h n[ done x1 to hold x fa/ by an invisible b&1 to hang 9 ! air2 onely s1 t x be b\nd ) a small ?read b5ea?1 t x may n rise high]3 & !n /riv+ to cat* hold ( ! /one above1 x w hang 9 ! air1 & tremble & wag itself4 #agi ,,page #ig1 ,,l9e #bi4 ,page #ig1 l9e #cc4 ,s$ quri pote/ 444--,! "q "h rais$ by ,gilb]t is :e!r ! lift+-p[] ( magnets ( equal quality is proportional to _! weight4 ,if a /one weigh+ a dra*m w lift a dra*m1 w\ld a /one t weighs an ounce lift an ounce8 ,gilb]t errone\sly answ]s t ?is is s1 & t ! lift+-p[] ( a load/one1 :e!r arm$ or un>m$1 is proportional to its mass4 ,! true law ( ! tractive =ce or lift+-p[] ( magnets 0 fir/ giv5 9 #agbi by ,james ,hamilton 7aft]w>ds ,e>l ( ,ab]corn7 9 a "w entitl$ ,calculations & ,tables ,relat+ to ! ,attractive ,virtue ( ,load/ones 444 ,pr9t$ at ,london8 9 ! ,ye> #agbi4 7,see also a pap] 9 ! ,philos4 ,transactions1 #agbi-cj1 vol4 xxxvi41 p4 #bde74 ,?is "w beg9s ?us3 ,! ,pr9ciple ^u :i* ^! ,tables are =m$1 is ?is3 ,t if ,two ,load/ones are p]fectly ,homog5e\s1 t is1 if _! ,matt] be ( ! same ,specifick ,gravity1 & ( ! same ,virtue 9 all ,p>ts ( "o ,/one1 z 9 ! o!r2 & t ,l ,p>ts ( _! ,surfaces are ,cap'd or ,arm'd ) ,iron2 !n ! ,weights !y su/a9 w be z ! ,squ>es ( ! ,cube ,roots ( ! ,weights ( ! ,load/ones2 t is1 z _! ,surfaces4 ,^u lift+-p[] see also ,d4 ,b]n\lli1 ,acta ,helvetica1 iii41 p4 #bbc1 #ageh2 ,p4 ,w4 ,haeck]1 ,zur ,!orie des ,magnetismus1 ,nrnb]g1 #ahef2 ,van d] ,willig51 ,ar*4 du ,muse ,teyl]1 vol4 iv41 ,ha>lem1 #ahgh 2 ,s4 ,p4 ,?ompson1 ,philos4 ,magaz9e1 ,july1 #ahhh4 ,9 ! book ( ,james ,hamilton1 p4 #e1 he m5tions a small t]rella weigh+ #aci ,engli% gra9s1 :i* w\ld su/a9 no less ?an #bc1gfj gra9s1 & 0 valu$ at #ba #acs4 #aj;d4 #di ,9 ! ,musum ,septalianum ( ,t]zagus 7,d]ton1 #affd1 p4 #db7 is m5tion$ a load/one weigh+ twelve ounces :i* w\ld lift sixty p\nds ( iron4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton _h a load/one weigh+ #c gra9s1 :i* he wore 9 a r+4 ,x w\ld lift #gdf gra9s4 ,?omson's ,briti% ,annual1 #ahcg1 p4 #ced1 gives ! foll[+ ref]5ce3 ,9 ! ,records ( ,g5]al ,sci5ce1 vol4 iii41 p4 #bgb1 !re is an int]e/+ description ( a v p[]ful magnet :i* 0 s5t f ,virg9ia 9 #aggf by ! celebrat$ ,dr4 ,frankl9 to ,pr(essor ,&]son1 ( ,glasg[4 ,x is n[ 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,cri*ton4 ,x weighs #b gra9s1 & is capable ( support+ a load ( #ghc gra9s1 :i* is equival5t to #cac times its own weight4 #ahj ,,page #ii1 ,,l9e #aj4 ,page #ii1 l9e #aa4 ,manife/um e/4--,9 ?is1 z 9 _m o!r passages1 ,gilb]t uses ?is expression 9 ! s5se t x is demon/rable r ?an mean+ t x is obvi\s3 = ! fact "h describ$ is "o t is n at all self-evid5t1 b "o :i* w\ld become pla9 :5 ! exp]im5t _h be5 tri$4 ,= o!r in/ances ( ?is use ( manife/um see pages #add1 l9e #bj2 #aeh1 l9e #ai2 #afb1 l9e #aj4 #aha ,,page #ajj1 ,,l9e #bj4 ,page #ajj1 l9e #bd4 si p] imp$imeta 444 p]v5ire possunt4--,all editions agree 9 ?is read+1 b ! s5se und\bt$ly requires non poss9t4 ,comp>e p4 #ia1 l9e #ba4 #ahb ,,page #ajb1 ,,l9e #d4 ,page #ajb1 l9e #d4 capite #d4--,?is is a mispr9t = capite #dj1 & is reta9$ 9 ! lat] editions4 ,9 ! quotation f ,bapti/a ,porta1 :]e ! ,engli% v]sion ( #afeh is adhr$ to1 ! words deturbat eam h be5 omitt$ by ! translator4 #ahc ,,page #ajg1 ,,l9e #af4 ,page #ajg1 l9e #ah4 ,c>danus scribit4--,! alleg$ p]petual motion ma*9e is m5tion$ 9 ,de r]um v>ietate1 lib4 #i1 cap4 xlviii4 7,basil41 #aeha1 p4 #fda74 ,see also ! ,note to p4 #bbc4 ,= ,p]egr9us & = ,taisni]1 see ! note to p4 #e1 l9es #h & #ab4 #ahd ,,page #ajg1 ,,l9e #ai4 ,page #ajg1 l9e #ba4 ,antonij de ,fantis4--,8 "w is3 ,tabula g5]alis scotice subtilitatis octo ,sectionibus vniu]sam ,doctoris ,subtilis ,p]itia coplectes3 ab excell5tissimo doctore ,antonio de ,fatis t>uis9o edita 444 ,lugd41 #aecj4 #ahe ,,page #ajh1 ,,l9e #bf4 ,page #ajh1 l9e #ca4 ,cusani 9 /aticis4--,see ! note to p4 #fd1 l9e #af4 #ahf ,,page #ajh1 ,,l9e #cc4 ,page #ajh1 l9e #da4 ,languidi 444 t>dis acquiescunt4--,! editions ( #afbh & #afcc omit ^! sev5 words4 #ahg ,,page #aji1 ,,l9e #aa4 ,page #aji1 l9e #ac4 hal9itro4--,ei!r native c>bonate ( soda or native c>bonate ( pota% might be meant1 b n saltpetre4 ,scalig]1 9 8 ,de ,subtilitate ad ,c>danum 7,lutet41 #aeeg1 p4 #afd71 ,ex]citatio ,,ciii41 #ae1 "u ! title1 ,nitrum non e/ ,salpetr1 says3 ,m tuo te1 tuaque confundis4 ,salpetr int] salis fossilis ponis hc4 ,mox ,hal9itrum int] salis1 nitri naturam1 speciem obt9]e4 ,sal nitrum is salt :i* is boil$ out ( ! e>?1 especially fat e>?1 z 9 /ables1 or any place ( excrem5ts4 7,a ,*ymicall ,diction>y expla9+ ,h>d ,places & ,words met )all 9 ! ,writ+s ( ,p>acelsus 4441 ,lond41 #afej47 #ahh ,,page #aji1 ,,l9e #bj4 ,page #aji1 l9e #bc4 arte ioculatori4--,edition #afbh1 joculatori2 edition #afcc1 jaculatori4 #ahi ,,page #aaj1 ,,l9e #aa4 ,page #aaj1 l9e #ab4 qualis fuit ,antonij d5>ius4--,! ,elizabe?an v]sion ( ,pl9y 7book xxxiii41 *4 ix41 p4 #dgi7 runs ?us3 #ej ,to come n[ unto ^? t c\nt]feit money4 ,antonius :iles hee 0 "o ( ! ?ree usurp+ ,triumvirs1 mix$ yron ) ! ,romane silv] d5i]4 ,he temp]$ x also ) ! bras5 co9e1 & s s5t abroad false & c\nt]feit money4 ,georgius ,agricola 7,de ,natura ,fossilium1 p4 #fdf7 says3 ,s$ ea fraus capitalis e/1 non alit] ac eorum qui adult]9as monetas cudunt1 arg5to misc5tes multam plumbi c&idi portionem1 aut etiam f]ri1 qualis fuit ,antonii d5>ius1 ut ,pl9ius memori tradidit4 ,nunc dicam de c&ido plumbo1 nam majoris pretii e/ qum aes4 ,9 quod plumbum album1 inquit ,pl9ius1 addita a]is t]tia portione c&idi adult]atur /annum4 #aij ,,page #aaa1 ,,l9e #c4 ,page #aaa1 l9e #c4 ,mem9]unt ,*ato*itis lapis ,pl9ius1 atque ,iulius ,sol9us4--,! passage 9 ,pl9y 7,engli% v]sion ( #afja1 book xxxvii41 *4 x41 p4 #fbe7 runs3 ,cato*itis is a /one prop] unto ! ,isl& ,corsica3 9 bignesse x exce$e? ord9>ie preti\s /ones3 a wond]full /one1 if all be true t is report$ !re(1 & namely1 ,t if a man lay 8 h& !reon1 x w hold x fa/ 9 mann] ( a glewie gum4 #aia ,,page #aaa1 ,,l9e #g4 ,page #aaa1 l9e #g4 ,sagda vel ,sagdo4--,alb]tus ,magnus 9 ,de ,m9]alibus 7,v5et41 #aedb1 p4 #bjb7 says3 ,s>da quem alij dicunt ,s>do lapis e/ qui se habet ad tabulas ligni sicut magnes ad f]ru1 et ideo adhret ita =tit] tabulis nauium qud euelli no possit1 nisi absc9datur cum ipso ea p>s tabul cui inhs]it1 e/ aute 9 colore purissimus nit5s4 ,& ,pl9y 7op4 citat41 p4 #fbi73 ,sagda is a /one1 :i* ! ,*aldeans f9d /ick+ to %ips1 & !y say x is gre5e z ,porrets or ,leekes4 #aib ,,page #aaa1 ,,l9e #h4 ,page #aaa1 l9e #h4 ,euace4--,evax1 k+ ( ! ,arabs1 is said to h writt5 to ,n]o a treatise on ! names1 col\rs1 & prop]ties ( /ones4 ,see ! note on ,m>bodu1 p4 #g1 l9e #bj4 #aic ,,page #aac1 ,,l9e #ad4 ,page #aac1 l9e #ai4 repulsus sit4 ,! words read ?us 9 all editions1 b ! s5se requires repulsa s9t4 #aid ,,page #aac1 ,,l9e #bc4 ,page #aac1 l9e #bi4 ,electrica omnia alliciunt cuncta1 nihil omn9 fugant vnquam1 aut propellunt4 ,?is d5ial ( electrical repulsion probably arose f ! smallness ( ! pieces ( electric mat]ial ) :i* ,gilb]t work$4 ,he c\ld h>dly h fail$ to notice x _h he us$ l>ge pieces ( amb] or ( seal+-wax4 ,electrical repulsion 0 fir/ obs]v$ by ,nicolas ,cabeus1 ,philosophia ,magnetica1 ,f]r>a1 #afbi2 b fir/ sy/ematically ann\nc$ by ,otto von ,gu]icke 9 8 treatise ,exp]im5ta ,nova 7ut vocantur7 ,magdeburgica1 de ,vacuo ,spatio 7,am/el41 #afgb74 #aie ,,page #aac1 ,,l9e #bi4 ,page #aac1 l9e #cg4 cm de calore quid sit disputabimus4--,! discussion ( ! nature ( heat is to be f\nd 9 ,gilb]t's ,de ,mundo no/ro ,sublun>i 7,am/el41 #afea71 lib4 i41 cap4 xxvi41 pp4 #gg-hh4 #aif ,,page #aae1 ,,l9e #bc4 ,page #aae1 l9e #bc4 trium vel quatuor digitorum4--,"h z 9 all o!r places 9 ,gilb]t1 digitus means a f+]'s bread?1 s t ?ree or f\r digits means a l5g? ( two or ?ree in*es1 or f six to eight c5timetres4 #aig ,,page #aag1 ,,l9e #bf4 ,page #aag1 l9e #be4 ille ,!bit ,b5cor trepidationis motus4 ,trepidation 9 ! anci5t ,a/ronomy d5otes a motion :i* 9 ! ,ptolemaic sy/em 0 attribut$ to ! firmam5t1 9 ord] to acc\nt = #ea sev]al *anges & motions obs]v$ 9 ! axis ( ! _w1 & = :i* !y c\ld n acc\nt on any o!r pr9ciple4 7,b>l['s ,ma!matical ,diction>y47 #aih ,,page #aah1 ,,l9e #aj4 ,page #aah1 l9e #h4 cuspis is aut lilium4--,gilb]t uses cuspis or lilium always ( ! ,nor?-po9t+ end ( ! ne$le4 ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne speaks ( ! lilly or nor!rn po9t2 b he diff]s f ,gilb]t 9 say+ ! cuspis or ,s\!rn po9t 7,pseudodoxia ,epidemica1 #afej1 p4 #df74 ,only 9 "o place 7p4 #aja1 l9e #e7 does ,gilb]t speak ( cuspis m]idionalis4 ,ev]y:]e else ! s\?-po9t+ end is call$ ! crux4 #aii ,,page #aah1 ,,l9e #ae4 ,page #aah1 l9e #ac4 nam qu pot5s e/4--,lat] obs]vation %[$ ?is view to be incorrect4 ,! horizontal compon5t ( ! e>?'s magnetic field is n equally /rong all ov] ! globe1 & ! sluggi%ness ( ! ne$le's return to its position ( re/ is n due to ! support+ p9 becom+ blunt ) we>4 ,! value ( ! horizontal compon5t is z]o at ! nor? magnetic pole1 & increases t[>d ! magnetic equator4 ,x is greate/ ne> ,s+apore & 9 ,borneo1 be+ !re m ?an twice z great z x is at ,london4 7,see ,capta9 ,creak 9 ,report ( ,voyage ( ,h4,m4,s4 ,*all5g]1 ,physics & ,*emi/ry1 vol4 ii41 "p vi41 #ahhi47 #bjj ,,page #aai1 ,,l9e #e4 ,page #aai1 l9e #b4 lapis4--,bo? ,/ett9 editions read lapidis4 #bja ,,page #aai1 ,,l9es #i-aa4 ,page #aai1 l9es #g-i4 ,! gi/ ( ! :ole book is summ>iz$ 9 ^! l9es4 ,!y furni% a c>d9al example ( t inductive reason+ :i* 0 practi/ by ,gilb]t1 & ( :i* ,bacon subsequ5tly pos$ z ! apo/le4 ,comp>e pages #da & #baa4 #bjb ,,page #abj1 ,,l9e #h4 ,page #abj1 l9e #e4 dicturi sumus4--,*ange ( v]ticity is treat$ ( 9 book iii41 *ap4 x41 pp4 #acg to #adj4 #bjc ,,page #abe1 ,,l9e #bd4 ,page #abe1 l9e #bi4 appositam4--,all editions give ?is ^w1 ?\gh ! s5se requires appositum4 #bjd ,,page #abh1 ,,l9e #i4 ,page #abh1 l9e #aa4 non nimis longum4--,! editions ( #afbh & #afcc read 7wrongly7 m9us in/ead ( nimis4 #bje ,,page #acj1 ,,l9e #ab4 ,page #acj1 l9e #ad4 ,! ^w hunc 9 ! folio ( #afjj is correct$ 9 ink to tunc1 & ! ,/ett9 editions bo? read tunc4 #bjf ,,page #acb1 ,,l9e #i4 ,page #acb1 l9e #aj4 m9imus nullius pond]is4--,! editions ( #afbh & #afcc bo? wrongly read e/ = 4 #bjg ,,page #acb1 ,,l9e #bh4 ,page #acc1 l9e #a4 nutat4--,! editions ( #afbh & #afcc bo? wrongly read mutat4 #bjh ,,page #acd1 ,,l9e #bb4 ,page #acd1 l9e #be4 9 rect sphr4--,! mean+ ( ! t]ms a "r or direct sph]e1 an oblique sph]e & a p>allel sph]e are expla9$ by ,moxon on pages #bi to #ca ( 8 book ,a ,tutor to ,a/ronomy & ,geography 7,lond41 #afhf73 ,a ,direct ,sph]e ha? bo? ! ,poles ( ! ,_w 9 ! ,horizon 444 ,x is call$ a ,direct ,sph]e1 because all ! ,cele/ial ,bodies1 z ,sun1 ,moon1 & ,/>s1 c4 ,by ! ,diurnal ,motion ( ! ,primum ,mobile1 asc5d directly ,above1 & desc5d directly ,bel[ ! ,horizon4 ,!y t ,inhabit "u ! ,equator h ! ,sph]e ?us posit$4 ,an ,oblique ,sph]e ha? ! ,axis ( ! ,_w nei!r ,direct nor ,p>allel to ! ,horizon1 b lies aslope f x4 ,a ,p>allel ,sph]e ha? "o ,pole ( ! ,_w 9 ! ,z5i?1 ! o!r 9 ! ,nadir1 & ! ,equ9octial ,l9e 9 ! ,horizon4 #bji ,,page #acf1 ,,l9e #a4 ,page #acf1 l9e #a4 prs5ti4--,! editions ( #afbh & #afcc read sequ5ti1 to suit ! alt]$ position ( ! figure4 #baj ,,page #acg1 ,,l9e #bd4 #eb ,page #acg1 l9e #bh4 atque ille /atim4--,! ,/ett9 editions bo? wrongly read illi4 #baa ,,page #aci4 ,!re is a curi\s hi/ory to ?is picture ( ! blacksmi? 9 8 smi?y /rik+ ! iron :ile x lies nor? & s\?1 & s magnetiz+ x "u ! influ5ce ( ! e>?'s magnetism4 ,woodcuts conta9+ human figures are comp>atively r>e 9 ,engli% art ( ! sixte5? c5tury2 a notable exception be+ ,foxe's ,acts & ,monum5ts ) its _m crude cuts ( m>tyrdoms4 ,! arti/ :o prep>$ ?is cut ( ! smi? took ! design f an illu/rat$ book ( ,fables by "o ,cornelius ,kiliani or ,cornelius van ,kiel entitl$ ,virid>ium ,moralis ,philosophi1 p] ,fabulas ,animalibus brutis attributas tradit1 etc4 7,coloni1 #aeid74 ,?is r>e "w1 ( :i* !re is no copy 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 is illu/rat$ by "s #abj f9e copp]-plate et*+s pr9t$ 9 ! text4 ,on p4 #acc ( ?is "w is an et*+ to illu/rate ! fable ,f]r>ii fabri et canis1 repres5t+ ! smi? smit+ iron on ! anvil1 :il/ 8 lazy dog sleeps b5ea? ! bell[s4 ,! cut on p4 #aci ( ,gilb]t gives1 z w be se5 by a comp>ison ( ! pictures j ! same g5]al detail ( =ge & tools2 b ! position ( ! smi? is rev]s$ "r = left1 ! dog is omitt$1 & ! words ,septr5io & ,au/] h be5 add$4 ,illu/ration ,9 ! ,/ett9 edition ( #afbh ! picture has aga9 be5 turn$ into a copp]-plate et*+ sep>ately pr9t$1 is rev]s$ back aga9 left = "r1 :ile a compass-c>d is introduc$ 9 ! corn] to m>k ! nor?-s\? direction4 ,9 ! ,/ett9 edition ( #afcc ! arti/ has gone back to ,kiliani's orig9al #ec plate1 & has re-et*$ ! design v c>efully1 b rev]s+ x all "r = left4 ,z 9 ! ,london v]sion ( #afjj1 ! dog is omitt$1 & ! words ,sept5trio & ,au/] are add$4 ,"s ( ! orig9al details--= example1 ! vice & "o pair ( p9c]s--are left out1 b o!r details1 = in/ance1 ! cracks 9 ! blocks t support ! wat]-tub1 & ! dress ( ! blacksmi?1 are r5d]$ ) slavi% fidelity4 ,x is p]haps ne$less to rem>k t ! twelve copp]-plate et*+s 9 ! edition ( #afbh1 & ! twelve completely diff]5t ones 9 t ( #afcc1 replace c]ta9 ( ! woodcuts ( ! folio ( #afjj4 ,= example1 take ! woodcut on p4 #bjc ( ! #afjj edition1 :i* repres5ts a simple dipp+-ne$le made by ?ru/+ a v]sorium ?r\gh a bit ( cork & float+ x1 imm]s$1 9 a goblet ( wat]4 ,9 ! #afcc edition ?is appe>s1 slightly r$uc$1 z a small ins]t$ copp]-plate1 ) no?+ add$2 b 9 ! #afbh edition x is elaborat$ into a full-page plate 7,no4 xi47 repres5t+ ! int]ior1 ) %elves ( books1 ( a libr>y on ! floor ( :i* /&s ! goblet--app>5tly ?ree feet high--) a globe & an armill>y sph]e2 :ile beside ! goblet1 ) 8 back to ! spectator1 is seat$ an ag$ man1 read+1 9 a c>v$ arm*air4 ,?is figure & ! view ( ! libr>y are unque/ionably copi$--rev]s$--f a well-kn[n plate 9 ! "w ,le ,div]se ,artificiose ,ma*9e ( ,ago/9o ,ramelli 7,p>is1 #aeeh74 ,9 ! ,emblems ( ,jacob ,cats 7,alle de ,w]ck51 ,am/]dam1 #affe1 p4 #fe7 is giv5 an engrav$ plate ( a smi?'s =ge1 :i* is also copi$--omitt+ ! smi?--f ,kiliani's ,virid>ium4 #bab ,,page #adj1 ,,l9e #b44 ,page #adj1 l9e #b4 prc$5ti4--,?is is s spell$ 9 all editions1 ?\gh ! s5se requires prc$5te4 #bac ,,page #ada1 ,,l9e #ba4 ,page #ada1 l9e #bd4 quod 9 epi/ol qudam ,italic scribitur4--,! tale told by ,filippo ,co/a ( ,mantua ab\t ! magnetism acquir$ by ! iron rod on ! t[] ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,augu/9e 9 ,rim9i is hi/orical4 ,! *ur* 0 d$icat$ to ,/4 ,john1 b 9 ! cu/ody ( ! ,augu/9ian monks4 ,! foll[+ is ! acc\nt ( x giv5 by ,aldrov&i1 ,musum ,metallicum 7#afdh1 p4 #acd71 on :i* page also two figures ( x are giv53 ,aliqu&o etiam f]rum suam mutat sub/antiam1 dum 9 magnetem conu]titur1 hoc exp]i5tia con/at1 nam ,arim9i supra turrim templi ,s4 ,ioannis erat ,crux a baculo f]reo pond]is c5tum libr>um su/5tata1 quod tractu temporis ade naturam ,magnetis e/ adeptum1 vt1 illivs in/>1 f]rum trah]et3 h9c magna admiratione multi t55tur1 qua ratione f]rum1 quod e/ metallum 9 ,magnetem1 qui e/ lapis transmut>i possit2 ,animadu]t5dum e/ id maxima famili>itate sympa?ia f]ri1 magnetis diman>e cum ,ari/oteles 9 hab5tibus symbolum facilem transitum semp] admis]it4 ,hoc 9 loco damus imag9em fru/i f]ri 9 ,magnetem transmutati1 quod cl>issimo viro ,vlyssi ,aldr\&o ,iulius ,caes> ,mod]atus dilig5s r]um naturalium inquisitor communicauit2 erat hoc fru/um f]ri colore nigro1 f]rug9eo1 cru/a ext]iori quodammodo albicante4 ,& fur!r on p4 #eeg4 ,pret]ea id manife/issimum e/2 quoniam ,arim9i1 9 templo ,sancti ,ioannis1 fuit ,crux f]rea1 qu tractu temporis 9 magnetem conu]sa e/1 ab vno lat]e f]rum trahebat1 ab alt]o respuebat4 ,see also ,sir ,t4 ,br[ne's ,pseudodoxia ,epidemica 7edition ( #afej1 p4 #dh71 & ,boyle's tract1 ,exp]im5ts & ,notes ab\t ! ,me*anical ,production ( ,magnetism 7,london1 #afgf1 p4 #ab74 #ed ,ano!r case is m5tion$ 9 ,dr4 ,m>t9 ,li/]'s ,a ,j\rney to ,p>is 7,lond41 #afii1 p4 #hc74 ,he ,mr4 ,butt]field %ew$ u a ,load/one saw$ (f t piece ( ! ,iron ,b> :i* held ! ,/ones toge!r at ! v top ( ! ,/eeple ( ,*>tres4 ,?is 0 a ?ick ,cru/ ( ,ru/1 "p ( :i* 0 turn$ into a /rong ,load/one1 & _h all ! prop]ties ( a ,/one dug out ( ! ,m9e4 ,mons4 de la ,hire has ,pr9t$ a ,memoir ( x2 also ,mons4 de ,vallemont a ,treatise4 ,! v outw>d ,ru/ _h no ,magnetic ,virtue1 b ! inw>d _h a /rong "o1 z to take up a ?ird "p m ?an its weight un%od4 ,gass5di & ,grimaldi h giv5 o!r cases4 ,o!r examples ( iron acquir+ /rong p]man5t magnetism f ! e>? are n want+4 ,! foll[+ is f ,sir ,w4 ,sn[ ,h>ris's ,rudim5t>y ,magnetism 7,london1 #ahgb1 p4 #aj74 ,9 ! ,memoirs ( ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces = #agca1 we f9d an acc\nt ( a l>ge bell at ,m>seilles hav+ an axis ( iron3 ?is axis re/$ on /one blocks1 & ?rew (f f "t to "t great quantities ( ru/1 :i*1 mix+ ) ! p>ticles ( /one & ! oil us$ to facilitate ! motion1 became conglom]at$ into a h>d5$ mass3 ?is mass _h all ! prop]ties ( ! native magnet4 ,! bell is suppos$ to h be5 9 ! same position = #djj ye>s4 #bad ,,page #adb1 ,,l9e #ac4 ,page #adb1 l9e #ae4 tunc planet corpora coele/ia4--,gilb]t's extraord9>y deta*m5t f all metaphysical & ultra-physical explanations ( physical facts1 & 8 cont9ual appeal to ! te/ ( exp]im5tal evid5ce1 enabl$ him to lift ! sci5ce ( ! magnet out ( ! sl\gh ( ! d>k ages4 ,?is passage1 h[ev]1 reveals t he /ill gave cr$5ce to ! nativities ( judicial ,a/rology1 & to ! suppos$ influ5ce ( ! planets on human de/9y4 #bae ,,page #add1 ,,l9e #ad4 ,page #add1 l9e #ad4 ijdem4--,! editions ( #afbh & #afcc errone\sly read iisdem4 #baf ,,page #adg1 ,,l9e #bg4 ,page #adg1 l9e #bi4 ex optimo aci>io4--,gilb]t recomm5d$ t ! compass-ne$le %\ld be ( ! be/ /eel4 ,?\gh ! di/9ction betwe5 iron & /eel 0 n at ?is "t well e/abli%$1 !re is no reason to d\bt t by aci>ium 0 meant edge-/eel z us$ = blades4 ,b>l[e1 9 8 ,magneticall ,adv]tisem5ts 7,lond41 #afaf71 p4 #ff1 gives m9ute in/ructions = ! fa%ion+ ( ! compass-ne$le4 ,he gives ! pref]5ce to a po9t$ oval =m1 & describes h[ ! /eel mu/ be h>d5$ by heat+ to :it5ess & qu5*+ 9 wat]1 s t x is brickle 9 a mann] z glass x selfe1 & !n be temp]$ by reheat+ x ov] a b> ( r$ hot iron until x is let d[n to a blue t9t4 ,sav]y 7,philos4 ,trans41 #agbi7 appe>s to h be5 ! fir/ to make a sy/ematic exam9ation ( ! magnetic diff]5ces betwe5 h>d /eel & s(t iron4 ,in/ructions = t\*+ ! ne$le are giv5 9 ! ,arte de ,naueg> ( ,p$ro de ,m$9a 7,valladolid1 #aede1 lib4 vi41 cap4 #a74 #bag ,,page #adi1 ,,l9e #h4 ,page #adi1 l9e #i4 p] multa scula4--,comp>e ,porta's ass]tion 7p4 #bjh1 ,engli% edition7 iron once rubb$ w hold ! v]tue a hundr$ ye>s4 ,cle>ly n a matt] )9 ! actual exp]i5ce ( ei!r ,porta or ,gilb]t4 #bah ,,page #aec1 ,,l9e #b4 ,page #aec1 l9e #b4 ,c>dani ab ortu /ell 9 cauda vrs4--,:at ,c>dan said 7,de ,subtilitate1 ,edit4 citat41 p4 #ahg7 03 ortum /ell 9 cauda urs m9oris1 qu qu9que p>tibus ori5talior e/ polo mundi1 respicit4 #bai ,,page #aec1 ,,l9e #ba4 ,page #aec1 l9e #bf4 sequitur quod v]sus t]ram magnam1 siue cont95tem 444 v]o polo incl9atio magnetica fiat4--,gilb]t #ee goes on to po9t out h[1 at t date1 all ! way up ! we/ ,european coa/ f ,morocco to ,norway1 ! compass is deflect$ ea/w>d1 or t[>d ! elevat$ l&4 ,he argu$ t ?is 0 a univ]sal law4 ,9 ,pur*as 8 ,pilgrimes 7,lond41 #afbe71 9 ! ,n>rative1 9 vol4 iii41 ( ,bylot & ,baff9's ,voyage ( #afaf1 !re is m5tion$ an isl& betwe5 ,:ale-,s\nd & ,smi?'s ,s\nd1 :]e !re _h be5 obs]v$ a l>g] v>iation ?an 9 any o!r "p ( ! _w4 ,pur*as1 9 a m>g9al note1 comm5ts on ?is z foll[s3 ,v>iation ( ! ,compass #ef to ! ,we/1 :i* may make que/ionable ,d4 ,gilb]t's rule1 tom4 #a41 l4 #b1 c4 #a1 t :]e m ,e>? is m attraction ( ! ,compass happ5e? by v>iation t[>ds x4 ,n[ ! kn[n ,cont95ts ( ,asia1 c41 mu/ be unspeakably m ?an "h !re c be1 yet "h is m v>iation !n ab\t ,jepan1 ,brasil1 or ,p]u1 c4 ,gilb]t's view 0 9 tru? f\nd$ on an incomplete set ( facts4 ,at t "t1 z he tells u1 ! v>iation ( ! compass at ,london 0 #aa-a_/c degrees ea/w>d4 ,b he did n "k ( ! secul> *ange :i* w\ld 9 ab\t fifty-sev5 ye>s r$uce t v>iation to z]o4 ,/ill less did he imag9e t !re w\ld !n beg9 a we/w>d v>iation :i* 9 ! ye> #ahaf %\ld rea* #bd #cj'1 & :i* %\ld !n /eadily dim9i% s t 9 ! ye> #aijj x %\ld /& at #af #af' we/w>d4 ,= an e>ly discussion ( ! *anges ( ! v>iation see vol4 i4 ( ! ,philosophical ,transactions 7,abridg$71 p4 #ahh4 ,/ill e>li] is ! classical volume ( ,h5ry ,gellibr&1 ,a ,discovrse ,ma!matical on ! ,v>iation ( ! ,magneticall ,ne$le 7,lond41 #afce74 ,gilb]t heads *apt] iii4 ( book iiii4 7p4 #aei7 ) ! ass]tion ,v>iatio uniuscuiusque loci con/ans e/1 decl>+ t to *ange x w\ld require ! upheaval ( a cont95t4 ,gellibr& combats ?is on p4 #g ( ! "w m5tion$4 ,he says3 ,?us hi!rto 7accord+ to ! ,t55ts ( all our ,magneticall ,philosoph]s7 we h suppos$ ! v>iations ( all p>ticul> places to cont9ue "o & ! same4 ,s t :5 a ,seaman %all happly returne to a place :]e =m]ly he f\nd ! same v>iation1 he may h5ce conclude he is 9 ! same =m] ,longitude4 ,= x is ! ,ass]tion ( ,mr4 ,dr4 ,gilb]ts4 ,v>iatio vnicuiusq2 ,loci con/ans e/1 t is to say1 ! same place do? alwayes reta9e ! same v>iation4 ,nei!r ha? ?is ,ass]tion 7= ought ,i ev] he>d7 be5 que/ion$ by any man4 ,b mo/ dilig5t magneticall obs]vations h pla9ely (fr$ viol5ce to ! same1 & prov$ ! contr>y1 namely t ! v>iation is accompani$ ) a v>iation4 ,9 #afcg ,h5ry ,bond wrote 9 ! ,sea-,mans ,kal5d> t 9 ! ye> #afeg ! v>iation w\ld be z]o at ,london4 ,comp>e ,bond's ,longitude ,f\nd 7,lond41 #afgf1 p4 #c74 ,z to incon/ancy ( ! v>iation 9 "o place see fur!r ,f\rni]'s ,hydrographie 7,p>is1 #affg1 liv4 xi41 *4 #ab1 p4 #dac71 & ,kir*]1 ,magnes 7,colon4 ,agripp41 #afdc1 p4 #dah74 #bbj ,,page #aeg1 ,,l9e #d4 ,page #aeg1 l9e #e4 p]fecto4--,?\gh ?is ^w is ?us 9 all editions1 x ought to /& p]fect1 z 9 l9e #aj bel[4 #bba ,,page #aeg1 ,,l9e #aa4 ,page #aeg1 l9e #ac4 v>ietas1 = v>iatio4 #bbb ,,page #afj1 ,,l9e #bj4 ,page #afj1 l9e #bc4 9 ,borrholybicum4--,?is "n = ! ,nor?-we/1 or ,nor?-,nor?-,we/1 is r>ely us$4 ,x is f\nd on ! *>t or w9drose ( ! names ( ! w9ds on pp4 #aea & #aeb ( ! ,mcometrie de l',eyman ( ,g4 ,nautoni] 7#afjb74 ,"h ! "n ,borrolybicus is giv5 z a synonym = ,nort\e/ ,gal]ne1 or ,greek3 ,olumpias1 :ile ! two w9ds on ! po9ts next on ! we/]n & nor!rn sides respectively are call$ ,upocorus & ,upocircius4 #ef ,9 ,swan's ,specvlvm ,mundi 7,camb41 #afdc1 p4 #agd7 is ?is explanation3 ,borrholybicus is ! ,nor?-we/ w9d4 ,9 ,kir*]'s ,magnes 7,colon4 ,agripp41 #afdc1 p4 #dcd7 is a table ( ! names ( ! ?irty-two w9ds 9 six languages1 :]e ,borrolybicus is giv5 z ! equival5t ( ,mae/ro or ,nor?-,we/4 #bbc ,,page #afa1 ,,l9e #b4 ,page #afa1 l9e #b4 ,insula 9 ,oceano v>iationem non mutat4--,! conclusions d]iv$ f ! magnetic explorations ( ! ,*all5g] exp$ition1 #ahgc-ahgf1 are briefly ^!3 ,t 9 isl&s nor? ( ! magnetic equator !re is a t5d5cy to produce a local p]turbation1 attract+ ! nor?-seek+ end ( ! ne$le d[nw>ds1 & horizontally t[>ds ! high] p>ts ( ! l&2 :ile s\? ( ! magnetic equator1 ! opposite effects are obs]v$4 7,see ,*all5g] ,reports1 ,physics & ,*emi/ry1 vol4 ii41 "p vi41 ,report on ! ,magnetical ,results by ,/aff-,comm&] ,creak1 ,f4,r4,s47 #bbd ,,page #afb1 ,,l9e #b4 ,page #afb1 l9e #c4 qu> respectiuum punctum 444 excogitauit4--,! passage ref]r$ to is 9 ,! newe ,attractiue ( ,rob]t ,norman 7,lond41 #aeha71 *ap4 vi4 ,y\r reason t[>ds ! e>? c>rie? "s probabilitie1 b ,i prove t !re be no ,attractive1 or draw+ prop]tie 9 ney!r ( ^! two p>tes1 !n is ! ,attractive poynt lo/1 & falsly call$ ! poynt ,attractive1 z %all be prov$4 ,b because !re is a c]tayne po9t t ! ,ne$le alwayes respecte? or %ewe?1 be+ voide & )\t any ,attractive prop]tie3 9 my judgm5t ?is poynt ought r to bee call$ ! po9t ,respective 444 ,?is ,poynt ,respective1 is a c]tayne poynt1 :i* ! t\*$ ,ne$le do? alwayes ,respect or %ew 444 #bbe ,,page #afe1 ,,l9e #b4 ,page #afe1 l9e #b4 ,de pyxidis nautic vsitat compositione4--,gilb]t's description ( ! usual con/ruction ( ! m>9]'s compass %\ld be comp>$ ) ^? giv5 by ,lev9us ,lemnius 9 ,! ,secret ,miracles ( ,nature 7,london1 #afeh72 by ,lip5ius 9 ,navigatio ,salomonis ,ophiritica 7,witteb41 #affj1 p4 #ccc72 & ) t giv5 9 ,b>l[e's ,navigators ,supply 7,london1 #aeig74 ,see also ,rob]t ,dudley's ,dell' ,arcano del ,m>e 7,fir5ze1 #afdf74 #bbf ,,page #afe deals ) ! con/ruction2 ! process ( magnetiz+ by ! load/one _h already be5 discuss$ 9 pp4 #adg to #adi4 ,x is int]e/+ to see t already ! magnetiz$ "p atta*$ bel[ ! compass-c>d 0 be+ specializ$ 9 =m1 be+ made ei!r ( two pieces b5t to meet at _! ends1 or ( a s+le oval piece ) elongat$ ends4 ,! m>k+ ( ! compass-c>d is p>ticul>ly describ$4 ,x 0 divid$ into ?irty-two po9ts or w9ds1 precisely z ! e>li] w9d-rose ( ! geograph]s1 di/+ui%t by c]ta9 m>ks1 & by a lily--or fleur-de-lys--indicat+ ! ,nor?4 ,/ev9 9 ! ,hav5f9d+ ,art 7,london1 #aeii71 f :i* "w ! passage on p4 #afg is quot$1 speak+ on p4 #bj ( ! ,in/rum5t :i* we call ! ,sea-directorie1 "s ! nautical box1 444 or ! sea compasse1 m5tions ! ,fl\re de luce m>k+ ! ,nor?4 ,! leg5d :i* assigns ! inv5tion ( ! compass to "o ,goia or ,gioja ( ,amalfi 9 #acjb has be5 already discuss$ 9 ! ,note to page #d4 ,gilb]t g5]\sly says t 9 spite ( ! adv]se evid5ce he does n wi% to deprive ! ,amalfians ( ! hon\r ( ! con/ruction adopt$ 9 ! compasses us$ 9 ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,b ,bapti/a ,porta ! ,neapolitan1 :o wrote =ty ye>s be=e ,gilb]t1 discr$it$ ! leg5d4 ,flavius sai?1 an ,italian f\nd x out fir/1 ^: "n 0 ,amalphus1 born 9 our #eg ,campania4 ,b he knew n ! ,m>9]s ,c>d1 b /uck ! ne$le 9 a re$1 or a piece ( wood1 cross ov]2 & he put ! ne$les into a vessel full ( wat] t !y might flote freely4 7,porta's ,natural ,magick1 ,engli% translation1 ,london1 #afeh1 p4 #bjf47 ,see also ,lip5ius 7op4 citat4 p4 #cij74 ,! pivott+ ( ! ne$le is expressly describ$ 9 ! fam\s ,epi/le on ! ,magnet ( ,pet] ,p]egr9us1 :i* 0 writt5 9 #abfi4 ,gass]'s edition1 ,epi/ola ,petri ,p]egr9i 444 de magnete1 0 pr9t$ 9 ,augsburg 9 #aeeh4 ,9 ,"p ,,ii41 cap4 #b1 ( ?is lett]1 a =m ( in/rum5t is describ$ = direct+ "o's c\rse to t[ns & isl&s1 & any places 9 fact on l& or sea4 ,?is in/rum5t consi/s ( a vessel l a turn$ box 7or pyxis7 ( wood1 brass1 or any solid mat]ial1 n deep1 b suffici5tly wide1 provid$ ) a cov] ( glass or cry/al4 ,9 its middle is arrang$ a sl5d] axis ( brass or silv]1 pivott$ at its two ends into ! top & ! bottom ( ! box4 ,?is axis is pi]c$ or?ogonally ) two holes1 ?r\gh "o ( :i* is pass$ ! /eel ne$le1 :ile ?r\gh ! o!r is fix$ squ>e across ! ne$le ano!r /ylus ( silv] or brass4 ,! glass cov] 0 to be m>k$ ) two cross l9es nor?-s\? & ea/-we/2 & ea* quadrant 0 to be divid$ into n9ety degrees4 ,?is ! e>lie/ describ$ pivott$ compass 0 !re=e ( ! cross-ne$le type1 a =m claim$ z a new inv5tion by ,b>l[e 9 #aeig4 ,! fir/ sugge/ion ( susp5d+ a magnetic ne$le by a ?read appe>s to be 9 ! ,speculum ,lapidum ( ,camillus ,leon>dus 7,v5et41 #aejb1 fig4 k ij1 l9es #be-ca73 ,n tacto f]ro ex una pte magnetis ex opposita eius pte approp9quato fugat3 ut expietia docet de acu app5so filo4 ,! e>lie/ kn[n examples ( ! w9d-rose are ^? 9 c]ta9 p>*m5t *>ts pres]v$ 9 ! ,biblioteca ,m>ciana 9 ,v5ice4 ,^! g back to #adbf or #adcf1 ! be/ be+ ascrib$ to ,&rea ,bianco4 ,!y h ! ,nor? indicat$ by a fleur-de-lys1 a trid5t1 a simple triangle1 or a lett] ,t2 :ile ! ,ea/ is di/+ui%t by a cross4 ,! ,we/ is m>k$ ) a ,p4 7see ,f9cati1 op4 citat474 ,! eight m>ks 9 ord]1 clock wise1 run ?us1 ,lily 7or ,t74 ,g4 ,cross 7or ,l7 ,s4 ,o4 ,a 7or ,l74 ,p4 ,m4 ,! lett]s correspond to ! ,italian names ( ! pr9cipal w9ds3 ,tramontano ,nor?4 ,greco ,nor?-,ea/4 ,levante ,ea/4 ,sirocco ,s\?-,ea/4 ,o/ro ,s\?4 ,africo or ,libeccio ,s\?-,we/4 ,pon5te ,we/4 ,mae/ro ,nor?-,we/4 ,w9d-roses m>k$ ) ! names ( ! m9or w9ds are f\nd 9 ,nautoni]'s ,mcometrie de l',eyman 7,v5nes1 #afjb-afjd1 pp4 #aea-aeb71 & ,kir*]'s ,magnes ,siue de ,arte ,magnetica 7,colon4 ,agripp41 #afdc1 p4 #dcb74 ,! description above giv5 ( ! e>ly ,v5etian w9d-roses exactly describes ! compass-c>d z depict$ by ,p$ro de ,m$9a 9 8 ,arte de ,naueg> 7,valladolid1 #aede1 folio lxxx471 9 ! six? book entitl$ las aguias de naveg>2 :ile 9 ! ,breve comp5dio de la sph]a ( ,m>t9 ,cortes 7,sevilla1 #aeea1 cap4 iii41 de la pi$rayman7 a simil> w9d-rose1 )\t ! lett]s1 is f\nd4 #eh ,9 ! ,de ,v5tis et navigatione ( ,mi*aele ,angelo ,blondo 7,v5et41 #aedf1 p4 #ae7 is giv5 a w9d-rose1 describ$ z ,pixis uel ,buxolus in/rum5tum et dux nauigantium1 hav+ tw5ty-six po9ts inscrib$ ) ! names ( ! w9ds1 !re be+ six betwe5 nor? & ea/1 & six betwe5 s\? & we/1 & only five 9 ea* ( ! o!r quadrants4 ,9 ! middle is a small] w9d-rose exactly l ! e>ly ,italian ones j m5tion$4 ,9 ! ,della ,gu]ra di ,rhodi ( ,jacobo ,fontano 7,v5et41 #aede1 pages #ga-gd7 is a *apt] ,dei ,v5ti1 e della ,bvssola di nauic>e di ,giovanni ,qu9t9o1 giv+ a w9d-rose1 & a table ( ! names ( ! w9ds1 ! nor? be+ indicat$ by a po9t]1 at ! cusp ( :i* are sev5 />s1 & ! we/ by an image ( ! sun4 ,! o!r c>d9al po9ts are m>k$ ) lett]s4 ,b>l[e1 9 ,! ,navigators ,supply 7,lond41 #aeig71 speaks ?us3 ,! m]ueil\s & diu9e ,in/rum5t1 call$ ! ,sayl+ ,compasse 7be+ "o ( ! greate/ wond]s t ?is ,_w ha?7 is a ,circle diuid$ commonly into #cb4 p>tes1 te>m$ by our ,seam5 ,w9des1 ,rumbes1 or ,po9ts ( ,compasse4 ,x is a disput$ po9t ) :om ! me?od ( nam+ ! w9ds orig9at$4 ,"s ascribe x to ,*>lemagne4 ,mi*iel ,coignet 7,in/ruction novvelle 444 t\*ant l'art de navigu]1 ,anv]s1 #aeha1 p4 #g7 ascribes x to ,&ronicus ,cyrrhe/es4 ,see ,v>ro1 ,de ,re ,ru/ica1 iii41 #e1 #ag1 & ,vitruvius1 i41 #f1 #d4 ,gilb]t's compla9t ( ! evil practice ( sett+ ! ne$les obliquely b5ea? ! c>d1 ) ! int5tion ( all[+ = ! v>iation1 is an e*o ( a simil> compla9t 9 ,norman's ,newe ,attractiue4 ,9 *apt] x4 ( ?is "w ,norman ?us enum]ates ! diff]5t k9ds ( compasses3 ,( ^! common ,sayl+ ,compasses1 ,i f9d he]e 79 ,europa7 five sundry sortes or sets4 ,! fir/ is ( ,levant1 made 9 ,scicile1 ,g5oa1 & ,v5ice3 ,& ^! are all 7= ! mo/ p>te7 made ,m]idionally1 ) ! ,wy]s directlye sette "u ! ,s\?1 & ,nor? ( ! ,compasse3 ,& !re=e1 duely %ew+ ! poynt ,respective1 9 all places1 z ! b>e ,ne$le4 ,& by ?is ,compasse are ! ,plats made1 = ! mo/ "p ( all ! ,levants ,seas4 ,secondly1 !re are made 9 ,danske1 9 ! ,s\nd ( ,d5m>ke1 & 9 ,fl&]s1 t h ! ,wy]s set at #c qu>t]s ( a po9t to ! ,ea/w>ds ( ! ,nor? ( ! compasse1 & also "s at a :ole po9t3 & by ^! ,compasses !y make bo? ! ,plats & ,rutt]s = ! ,s\nd4 ,?irdly1 !re ha? be5e made 9 ?is ,c\ntrey p>ticul>y1 = ,sa9t ,ni*olas & ,ruscia1 ,compasses set at #c seconds ( a po9t1 & ! fir/ ,plats ( t ,discov]ie 7 made by ?is ,compasse4 ,f\r?ly ! ,compasse made at ,sevill1 ,lisbone1 ,ro*ell1 ,b\rdeaux1 ,roan1 & he]e 9 ,engl&1 are mo/e commonly set at halfe a po9t3 ,& by ?is ,compasse are ! ,plats ( ! ,ea/ & ,we/ ,indies made = _! ,pylotes1 & also = our ,coa/es ne]e h]eby1 z ,france1 ,spayne1 ,portugall1 & ,engl&3 & !re=e be/ ( ^! ,nations to bee us$1 because x is ! mo/ common sorte t is g5]ally us$ 9 ^! ,coa/es4 ,bess>d 7op4 citat41 pages #bb & #dh7 gives cuts ( compasses %[+ ! ne$le displac$ "o rumbe to ! ,ea/4 ,gallucci1 9 8 ,ratio fabric&i hor>ia mobilia et p]man5tia cum magnetica acu 7,v5et41 #aeif71 describes ! ne$le z incl9$ #aj degrees f ! s\? t[>d ! s\?-we/4 ,! frontispiece ( ! "w ( ,p$ro ,nuez1 ,in/rum5ta ,artis ,navig&i1 ,basil41 #aeib1 depicts a compass ) ! lily set "o po9t to ! ea/4 ,reibelt1 ,de ,physicis et ,pragmaticis ,magnetis ,my/]iis 7,h]bipolis1 #agca71 depicts ! compass ) ! ne$le set ab\t #ab degrees to ! ,ea/ ( ,nor?4 ,see also ,f\rni]1 ,hydrographie 7,p>is #affg72 ,de ,lanis1 ,magi/]ium ,natvr et ,artis 7,brixi1 #afhd72 ,milliet ,des*ales1 ,cursus seu ,mundus #ei ,ma!maticus 7,lugd41 #afgd74 ,bo? ! latt] works give pictures ( ! compass-c>ds z us$ 9 ,s\? ,europe1 & 9 ,nor? ,europe1 & ( ! v>i\s kn[n %apes ( ne$les4 #bbg ,,page #afh1 ,,l9e #bi4 ,page #afh1 l9e #cc4 ,directio igitur inualidior e/ prop polos4 ,"h z 9 _m passages direction means ! =ce :i* directs4 ,a simil> usage prevails ) ! n\ns v>iation & decl9ation1 mean+ frequ5tly ! =ce caus+ v>iation or decl9ation respectively4 ,,page #agb1 ,,l9e #ac4 p]quir]e4 ,! edition ( #afcc reads p]quir]o1 9 error4 #bbh ,,page #agb1 ,,l9e #bi4 ,page #agb1 l9e #cc4 ,ad pyxidis nautic v] m]idionalis =mam 444 fiat in/rum5tum4--,an excell5t =m ( portable m]idian compass1 provid$ ) sights = tak+ a/ronomical obs]vations1 is describ$ by ,b>l[e 7,! ,navigators ,supply1 ,london1 #aeig71 & is depict$ 9 an et*$ engrav+4 ,an id5tical engrav+ is repeat$ 9 ,dudley's ,arcano del ,m>e 7,fir5ze1 #afdf74 ,gilb]t's new in/rum5t 0 consid]ably l>g]4 #bbi ,,page #agd1 ,,l9e #ai4 ,page #agd1 l9e #ba4 add5do vel detrah5do pro/aphres94--,pro/haphresis1 conflata dictione1 ex additione et subtractione speciebus logi/ices1 nom5 habet ab (ficio1 quia vt 9 semicirculo alt]o ad quabilem motum adijcitur1 ita 9 alt]o subtrahitur1 vt adp>5s motus ex quabili taxetur3 atque h9c fit1 qud qu ,pro/haphresis dicitur ,ptolemo1 ea vulg quatio vocetur4 7,/adius1 ,tabul ,b]g5ses1 ,colon4 ,agripp41 #aefj1 p4 #cg47 #bcj ,,page #agd1 ,,l9e #bh4 ,page #agd1 l9e #ca4 ,/ell ,lucid4--,accord+ to ,dr4 ,m>ke ,ridley 7,magneticall ,animadv]sions1 ,london1 #afag1 p4 #i71 ?is *apt] xii4 ( book iv41 ) ! ,table ( ,/>s1 0 writt5 by ,edw>d ,wright1 ! au?or ( ! ,prefatory ,epi/le ( ,de ,magnete4 ,wright 0 ,lectur] on ,navigation to ! ,ea/ ,india ,company1 & au?or ( sundry treatises on ,navigation4 #bca ,,page #ahg1 ,,l9e #ad4 ,page #ahg1 l9e #af4 hic qui v]sus boream con/itit 444 m]idionalis e/1 non borealis1 quem ant nos omnes exi/imabant esse borealem4--,e>li] on1 on pages #ae & #abe1 ,gilb]t _h m5tion$ ?is po9t4 ,8 insi/5ce caus$ ,b>l[e 7,magneticall ,adu]tisem5ts1 #afaf1 p4 #d7 to speak ( ! s\?-po9t+ end ( ! ne$le z ! true ,nor?1 & !reby drew on himself ! animadv]sions ( ,m>ke ,ridley4 #bcb ,,page #ahh1 ,,l9e #ae4 ,page #ahh1 l9e #af4 9 rect sphr4--,see note to p4 #acd4 #bcc ,,page #aij1 ,,l9e #ad4 ,page #aij1 l9e #ai4 decl9ans 9 ,borealibus4--,dipp+ z x does 9 nor!rn regions2 t is1 ) ! nor?-seek+ or true-s\? pole d[nw>d4 #bcd ,,page #aie1 ,,l9e #bj4 ,page #aie1 l9e #bd4 multa maiora pond]a4--,_m great] weights4 ,all editions read multa1 b ! s5se requires multo3 mu* great] weights4 #bce ,,page #aif1 ,,l9e #aj4 ,page #aif1 l9e #ab4 con/ans e/4--,?is mu/ n be read is con/ant1 = x is con/ant only 9 any giv5 latitude4 #bcf ,,page #aif1 ,,l9e #ae4 ,page #aif1 l9e #ah4 ,de proportione decl9ationis pro latitud9is ratione4--,gilb]t "h ann\nces1 & proce$s 9 ! next sev5 pages to develop1 ! proposition t to ea* latitude !re corresponds a con/ant dip to a p>ticul> numb] ( degrees4 ,if ?is 7 accurately s1 !n a travell] by m]ely measur+ ! dip w\ld be able to asc]ta91 by calculation1 by ref]5ce to tables1 or by aid ( "s geometrical appliance1 #fj ! latitude ( ! place4 ,9 ?is hope ,gilb]t f\ght to p]fect ! dipp+-ne$le2 & he also work$ out1 on pages #aii & #bjj1 an empirical !ory1 & a diagram4 ,?is !ory 0 /ill fur!r develop$ by him1 & giv5 to ,?omas ,blundevile 7see ! ,note to p4 #bdj74 ,briggs ( ,gre%am ,college1 on ,gilb]t's sugge/ion1 calculat$ a table ( ,dip & ,latitude on ?is !ory4 ,x 0 f\nd1 h[ev]1 t ! obs]v$ facts deviat$ m or less widely f ! !ory4 ,kir*] 7,magnes1 #afdc1 p4 #cfh7 gives a comp>ative table ( ! comput$ & obs]v$ values4 ,fur!r discov]y %[$ ! me?od to be impracticable1 & ,gilb]t's hope rema9$ unfulfill$4 #bcg ,,page #aig1 ,,l9e #ah4 ,page #aig1 l9e #ba4 progressionis c5tri4--,note ,gilb]t's precision ( phrase4 #bch ,,page #bjj1 ,,l9e #ab4 ,page #bjj1 l9e #aa4 sub9telligutur4--,?is is pr9t$ sub9telligitur1 & is alt]$ 9 ink 9 all copies ( ! folio edition4 ,! editions ( #afbh & #afcc read sub9telliguntur4 ,simil>ly 9 l9e #ad ! ^w ducit has _h a small r add$ 9 ink1 mak+ x read ducitur1 z also ! o!r editions4 #bci ,,page #bjc4 ,?is figure ( ! exp]im5t ) ! simple dipp+ ne$le susp5d$ 9 wat] 9 a goblet is due to ,rob]t ,norman4 ,9 8 ,newe ,attractiue 7,london1 #aeha1 *ap4 vi47 he ?us describes x3 ,!n y %all take a deepe ,glasse1 ,b[le1 ,cuppe1 or o!r vessell1 & fill x ) fayre wat]1 sett+ x 9 "s place :]e x may re/ quiet1 & out ( ! w9de4 ,?is done1 cut ! ,corke circumspectly1 by little & little1 untill ! wyre ) ! ,corke be s fitt$1 t x may rema9 "u ! sup]ficies ( ! wat] two or ?ree in*es1 bo? ends ( ! wy] ly+ levell ) ! sup]ficies ( ! wat]1 )\t asc5d+ or desc5d+1 l to ! beame ( a payre ( ballance bee+ equalie poys$ at bo? ends4 ,!n take out ( ! same ! wy] )\t moov+ ! ,corke1 & t\* x ) ! ,/one1 ! "o end ) ! ,s\? ( ! ,/one1 & ! o!r end ) ! ,nor?1 & !n set x aga9e 9 ! wat]1 & y %all see x pres5tlie turne x selfe ^u 8 owne ,c5t]1 %ew+ ! a=esay'd ,decl9+ prop]tie1 )\t desc5d+ to ! bottome1 z by reason x %\ld1 if !re 7 any ,attraction d[new>ds1 ! l[] "p ( ! wat] be+ ne]] t po9t1 !n ! sup]ficies !re(4 #bdj ,,page #bab1 ,,l9e #g4 ,page #bab1 l9e #h4 ex alt]a p>te4--,! s5se seems to require et alt]a p>te1 b all editions read ex4 #bda ,,page #bac1 ,,l9e #a4 ,page #bac1 l9e #b4 ,! passage "h quot$ f ,dom9icus ,m>ia ,f]r>i5sis1 o!rwise kn[n z ! a/ronom] ,nov>a1 does n occur 9 any kn[n writ+ ( t fam\s man4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 quot$ z be+ by ,nov>a 9 at lea/ ?ree o!r writ+s ( ! same epo*4 ,see ! ,tabul secvndorum mobilium coele/ium ( ,mag9us 7,v5et41 #aehe1 p4 #bi1 l9e #ai to p4 #cj1 l9e #aa72 ! ,erato/h5es ,batavvs ( ,willebrord ,snell 7,lugd4 ,batav41 #afag1 pp4 #dj-db72 & ! ,almage/i novi 7,p>s ,po/]ior7 ( ,riccioli 7,bonon41 #afea1 p4 #cdh74 ,! orig9al docum5t appe>s to h p]i%t4 ,see a notice by ,m4 ,curtze 9 ,boncompagni's ,bullett9o di ,bibliografia1 ,t4 iv41 ,april1 #ahga4 #bdb ,,page #bad1 ,,l9e #bf4 ,page #bad1 l9e #ca4 ,philolaus ,py?agoricus4 ,philolas a le premi] dit que la t]re se meut en c]cle2 d'autres dis5t que c'e/ ,nictas de ,syracuse4 ,les uns prt5d5t que le t]re e/ immobile2 mais ,philolas le py?agorici5 dit qu'elle se meut circulairem5t aut\r du feu 7c5tral7 et suivant un c]cle oblique1 comme le soleil et la lune4--7,*aignet1 ,py?agore et la ,philosophie py?agorici5ne1 ,p>is1 #ahgc47 ,x appe>s t ! fir/ ( ^! dicta is tak5 f ,diog5es ,lart41 viii4 #he2 & ! second f ,plut>*1 ,placit4 ,philos41 ,,iii4 #g4 ,! latt] #fa passage may be comp>$ ) ,ari/otle1 ,de ,coelo1 ,,ii4 #ac1 :o1 ref]r+ to ! foll[]s ( ,py?agoras1 says3 ,!y say t ! middle is fire1 t ! e>? is a />1 & t x is mov$ circul>ly ab\t ?is c5tre2 & t by ?is movem5t x produces day & night4 #bdc ,,page #bad1 ,,l9e #cd4 ,page #bad1 l9e #db4 ,cop]nicus4--,8 "w is ,de revolutionibus orbium coele/ium1 libri vi4 7,basil41 #aeff74 #bdd ,,page #bae1 ,,l9e #bg4 ,page #bae1 l9e #bd4 qu 444 9 clo v>ijs di/antijs collocata sunt4--,?is rem>k appe>s to be ,gilb]t's "o contribution to ! sci5ce ( ,a/ronomy2 ! />s hav+ previ\sly be5 reg>d$ z fix$ 9 ! eigh? sph]e all at ! same di/ance f ! c5tral e>?1 ar\nd :i* x revolv$4 #bde ,,page #bbj1 ,,l9e #f4 ,page #bbj1 l9e #f4 quem nyc!m]on vocamus4--,! #afbh & #afcc editions read nyctemoron4 #bdf ,,page #bba1 ,,l9e #aj4 ,page #bba1 l9e #aa4 poli v] oppositi s9t4--,= v]1 ! #afbh & #afcc editions read rect4 ,all editions read s9t1 ?\gh sunt seems to make bett] s5se4 #bdg ,,page #bbc1 ,,l9e #g4 ,page #bbc1 l9e #h4 ad telluris con=mitatem4--,! ^w con=mitas is unkn[n 9 classical ,lat94 #bdh ,,page #bbc1 ,,l9e #af4 ,page #bbc1 l9e #ag4 ,omitto quod ,petrus ,p]egr9us con/ant] affirmat1 t]rellam sup] polos suos 9 m]idiano susp5sam1 mov]i circul>it] integr revolutione #bd horis3 ,quod tam5 nobis adhuc vid]e non cont+it2 de quo motu etiam dubitamus4 ,?is /atem5t t a sph]ical load/one pivott$ freely ) its axis p>allel to ! e>?'s axis w ( itself revolve on its axis once a day "u ! control ( ! heav5s1 ?us sup]s$+ clocks1 is to be f\nd at ! end ( *ap4 x4 ( ,p]egr9us's ,epi/ola ,de ,magnete 7,augsb41 #aecg74 ,gilb]t1 :o d\bt$ ?is exp]im5t because ( ! /one's own weight is tak5 to task by ,galileo1 9 ! ?ird ( 8 ,dialogues1 = 8 qualifi$ admission4 ,i w speak ( "o p>ticul>1 to :i* ,i c\ld h wi%$ t ,gilb]t _h n l5t an e>2 ,i mean t ( admitt+1 t 9 case a little ,sph]e ( ,load/one might be exactly librat$1 x w\ld revolve 9 x self2 because !re is no reason :y x %\ld d s 7p4 #cgf ( ,salusbury's ,ma!matical ,collections1 ,london1 #affa74 ,! ,jesuit ,fa!rs :o foll[$ ,gilb]t1 b reject$ 8 ,cop]nican ideas1 p\nc$ ^u ?is pseudo-exp]im5t1 z ?\gh by disprov+ x !y _h upset ! ,cop]nican !ory4 #bdi ,,page #bbg1 ,,l9e #f4 ,page #bbg1 l9e #g4 ,?is l9e is left out 9 ! #afbh edition4 ,9 ! #afcc edition x 0 also left out by ! pr9t]1 & subsequ5tly pr9t$ 9 9 ! m>g91 be+ page #bai ( t edition4 #bej ,,page #bcd1 ,,l9e #ce4 ,page #bcd1 l9e #dj4 vt poli telluris respectus polis4--,if x may be p]mitt$ to read respectu = respectus ! s5se is improv$1 & ! passage may !n be translat$ ?us3 t j z x 0 ne$ful 444 t ! poles ( ! ,e>? z to direction %\ld be #bc degrees & m f ! poles ( ! ,ecliptick2 s n[1 c4 #bea ,,page #bcg1 ,,l9e #ai4 ,page #bcg1 l9e #bb4 vt motus quidem obscuri salu>5tur4--,x has be5 conjectur$ t quidem is "h a mispr9t = quidam1 b ! adv]b quidem adds a satirical flav\r to 8 argum5t aga9/ ! folly ( ^? :o held ! doctr9e ( ! mov+ sph]es4 ,! v]b salv>e does n occur 9 classical ,lat94 #beb ,,page #bdj1 ,,l9e #ac4 ,page #bdj1 l9e #ag4 ,cop]nico 7,a/ronomi in/auratore74--,gilb]t 0 ! fir/ 9 ,engl& to uphold ! doctr9es ( #fb ,cop]nicus z to ! motion ( ! e>? on its axis & its revolution ar\nd ! sun4 ,he consid]$ t 8 magnetic obs]vations br\ght new support to t !ory1 & 8 views are quot$ ) approbation by ,kepl]1 ,epitome ,a/ronomi ,cop]nican 444 ,au?ore ,ioanne ,kepl]o 444 7,franc(urti1 #afce72 & by ,galileo1 ,dialogus de ,sy/emate ,mundi 7,augu/ ,treboc41 #afce71 an ,engli% translation ( :i* appe>$ 9 ,salusbury's ,ma!matical ,collections & ,translations 7,london1 #affa1 pp4 #cfd to #cgg74 ,= ?is ! book ,de ,magnete 0 consid]$ by _m z h]etical4 ,_m ( ! copies exi/+ 9 ,italy are f\nd to be ei!r mutilat$ or else br&$ ) a cross4 ,= example1 ! copy 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,collegio ,romano 9 ,rome has book ,,vi4 torn out4 ,galileo /ates t ! ,book ( ,gilb]t w\ld possibly nev] h come into 8 h&s if a ,p]ipatetick ,philosoph]1 ( great fame1 z ,i believe to free 8 ,libr>y f its contagion1 _h n giv5 x me4 ,9 ,engl& ,b>l[e1 9 8 ,magneticall ,adu]tisem5ts 7#afaf71 expressly repudiat$ ,gilb]t's ,cop]nican notions1 :ile prais+ 8 discov]ies 9 magnetism4 ,m>ke ,ridley1 :ile uphold+ ,gilb]t's views1 9 8 ,magneticall ,animadv]sions 7#afag7 did n consid] him skilfull 9 ,cop]nicus4 ,! ,jesuit writ]s1 ,cabeus1 ,kir*]1 ,fonseca1 ,gr&amicus1 ,s*ott1 ,leotaudus1 ,millietus1 & ,de ,lanis1 "o & all1 :o foll[$ ,gilb]t 9 _! magnetic writ+s1 repudiat$ ! idea t ! magnetism ( ! globe gave support to ! h]etical mod]n ,a/ronomy4 ,! works ref]r$ to are3 ,cabeus1 ,philosophia ,magnetica1 9 qua ,magnetis natura p5itus explicatur 444 auctore ,nicolao ,cabeo ,f]r>5si ,soc4 ,jesv4 7,f]r>i1 #afbi74 ,kir*]1 ,magnes1 ,siue de ,arte ,magnetica1 ,libri tres1 ,au?ore ,a?anasio ,kir*]o 444 e ,soc4 ,iesv4 7,rom1 #afda74 ,gr&amicus1 ,nova ,demon/ratio immobilitatis t]r petita ex virtute magnetica 7,flexi1 #afde74 ,?is "w is mo/ beautifully illu/rat$ ) copp]-plate et*+s ( cupids mak+ exp]im5ts ) t]rellas4 ,s*ott1 ,gasp>1 ,?aumaturgus ,physicus 7,h]bipolis1 #afei74 ,leotaudus1 ,r4 ,p4 ,v9c5t9ii ,leotavdi ,delph9atis1 ,societ4 ,iesv41 ,magnetologia2 9 qva exponitvr ,nova de ,magneticis ,philosophia1 7,lvgdvni1 #affh74 ,millietus 7,milliet ,des*ales71 ,cursus seu ,mundus ,ma!maticus 7,lugd41 #afgd71 ,tomus ,primus1 ,tractatus de ,magnete4 ,de ,lanis1 ,magi/]ium ,natvr et ,artis4 ,opus ,physico-,ma!maticvm ,p4 ,francisci ,t]tii de ,lanis1 ,soc4 ,jesv4 7,brixi1 #afhd74 #bec ,,page #bdj1 ,,l9e #bd4 ,page #bdj1 l9e #ca4 hic f9em p]iodum imponimus4 ,on ,febru>y #ac #afja ,gilb]t wrote to ,b>l[e 7see ,magneticall ,adu]tisem5ts1 p4 #hh73 ,i purpose to adioyne an app5dix ( six or eight %eets ( pap] to my booke aft] a :ile1 ,i am 9 h& ) x ( "s new inv5tions1 & ,i w\ld haue "s ( y\r exp]im5ts1 9 y\r "n & inu5tion put into x1 if y please1 t y may be kn[5 = an augm5t] ( t arte4 ,?is he nev] did4 ,p]haps 8 appo9tm5t 79 ,febru>y1 #afja7 z *ief physician 9 p]sonal att5dance on ! ,que5 int]f]$ ) ! project2 or 8 dea?1 ( ! plague1 9 #afjc1 int]v5$ be=e 8 int5tion _h be5 c>ri$ into effect4 ,b x is probable t ! sub/ance ( ! propos$ additions is to be f\nd 9 ! *apt]1 publi%t 9 ,gilb]t's lifetime1 9 ,blundevile's ,!oriques ( ! seu5 ,planets 7,london1 #afjb71 ?us describ$ 9 ! title-page ( ! "w3 ,!re is also h]eto add$1 #fc ,! mak+1 description1 & vse1 ( two mo/ +5i\s & necess>ie ,in/rum5ts = ,sea-m51 to f9d out !reby ! latitude ( any ,place vpon ! ,sea or ,l&1 9 ! d>ke/ night t is1 )\t ! helpe ( ,sunne1 ,moone1 or ,/>re4 ,fir/ inu5t$ by ,m4 ,doctor ,gilb]t1 a mo/ excell5t ,philosoph]1 & "o ( ! ord9>ie ,physicians to h] ,maie/ie3 & n[ "h pla9ely set d[ne 9 our "m tongue by ,ma/] ,blundeuile4 ,( ^! two in/rum5ts ! fir/ consi/s ( a me*anical device1 ) movable quadrants1 to be cut out 9 c>dbo>d1 to be us$ 9 connection ) ! diagram ( spiral l9es :i* ,gilb]t _h giv5 z a fold+ plate betwe5 pages #bjj & #bja ( ,de ,magnete4 ,! int5tion 0 t ! ,sea-man hav+ f\nd by exp]im5t ) a dipp+-ne$le ! am\nt ( ! dip at any place1 %\ld by apply+ ?is diagram & its mov+ quadrants1 asc]ta9 ! latitude1 accord+ to ! !ory exp\nd$ 9 book ,v41 *ap4 ,,vii4 ,! second in/rum5t is a simplifi$ portable dipp+-ne$le1 hav+ ! degrees engrav$ on ! inn] face ( a cyl9drical brass r+4 ,blundevile adds a ,table1 calculat$ by ,briggs1 & annex$ to ! =m] ,treatise by ,edw>d ,wright1 at ! motion ( ! "r ,wor%ipful ,m4 ,doctor ,gilb]t4 ,?is gives ! values ( ! dip = diff]5t latitudes1 z calculat$ f ,gilb]t's empirical !ory4 ,! o!r "w1 ,de ,mundo no/ro ,sublun>i ,philosophia ,nova1 :i* ,gilb]t left 9 manuscript at 8 dea?1 does n conta9 any additional matt] on ! magnetical inve/igations4 ,?\gh x conta9s sev]al direct ref]5ces to ! de ,magnete1 & p>ticul>ly to ,book ,,vi4 on ! rotation ( ! e>?1 x is d\btful :e!r x 0 writt5 aft] or be=e ! publication ( de ,magnete4 ,on pages #acg to #add ( ! po/hum\s edition 7,am/]dam1 #afea7 ,gilb]t ref]s to ,p]egr9us's alleg$ p]petually revolv+ sph]e1 & d5ies its possibility4 ,! great] "p ( ! "w is an anti-,ari/otelian discussion on ,air1 ,meteorology1 ,a/ronomy1 ! ,w9ds1 ,tides1 & ,spr+s4 ,illu/ration 99 99 99 99 99 #fe ,,index ,,to ,,au?orities ,abano1 ,pietro di1 #f4 ,aco/a1 ,josephus1 #af4 ,addison1 ,joseph1 #ce4 ,aep9us1 #dd4 ,aetius ,amid5us1 #f4 ,affaytatus1 #af1 #ci4 ,agricola1 ,georgius1 #be1 #ca1 #cf1 #ej4 ,agrippa1 ,h4 ,cornelius1 #g4 ,albategnius1 #bi4 ,alb]tus ,magnus1 #f1 #ag1 #ch1 #ci1 #dj1 #ej4 ,aldrov&i1 ,ulisse1 #ac1 #cf1 #ec4 ,alex&] ,aphrodiseus1 #c1 #ba4 ,amatus ,lusitanus1 #f1 #ca4 ,appon5sis1 ,petrus1 #f4 ,see ,abano4 ,aqu9as1 ,/4 ,?omas1 #h1 #de4 ,ardoynis1 ,santes de1 #f4 ,ari/otle1 #d1 #ai1 #be1 #fa4 ,arnaldus de ,villa nova1 #f4 ,augu/ani1 #bi4 ,augu/9e1 ,/41 #d1 #ba1 #dc4 ,aurifab]1 #cf4 ,av]roes1 #bi4 ,avic5na1 #f1 #bi1 #cj1 #cd4 ,azuni1 #h4 ,bacon1 ,"l1 #ag1 #db4 ,b>l[1 ,pet]1 #ea4 ,b>l[e1 ,william1 #a1 #b1 #e1 #i1 #bj1 #bh1 #ed1 #ef1 #eg1 #eh1 #ei1 #fb4 ,beckmann1 ,johann1 #ai1 #ba1 #cb4 ,b5cora1 or ,b5 ,korrah 7,!bitius71 #cj4 ,b5jam91 ,p>k1 #i1 #aa1 #ag4 ,b]n\lli1 ,d41 #dh4 ,b]telli1 ,timoteo1 #aa4 ,bess>d1 ,t\ssa9cte de1 #aa1 #eh4 ,bianco1 ,&rea1 #eg4 ,blackmore1 ,r4 ,d41 #bd4 ,blondo1 ,mi*aele ,angelo1 #a1 #eh4 ,blondus1 ,flavius1 #i4 ,blundevile1 ,?omas1 #h1 #ad1 #fj1 #fb1 #fc4 ,bond1 ,h5ry1 #ee4 ,bor\gh1 ,william1 #b1 #ai4 ,boyle1 ,rob]t1 #dc1 #ec4 ,brasavolus1 ,antonius ,musa1 #f1 #cg4 ,briggs1 ,h5ry1 #fj1 #fb4 ,br\gh1 ,r4 ,b41 #ae4 ,br[ne1 ,sir ,?omas1 #c1 #cg1 #db1 #ea1 #ec4 ,brunfels1 ,o?o1 #ag1 #cj4 ,buffum1 ,w4 ,a41 #cf4 ,burton1 ,sir ,ri*>d ,f41 #e4 ,buttmann1 #bj1 #cb4 ,buxtorf1 #ba4 ,cabeus1 ,nicolas1 #b1 #db1 #ej1 #fb4 ,cabot1 ,seba/ian1 #aj1 #af4 ,caes> 7or ,ces>e1 ,giulio71 #ec4 ,calab]1 ,hannibal ,rosetius1 #f4 ,calcagn9us1 ,clius1 #h1 #i4 ,camd51 ,william1 #be4 ,cam]a1 ,matteo1 #h4 ,c>dan1 ,hi]onymo1 #bc1 #bd1 #bf1 #ca1 #cf1 #cg1 #da1 #dc1 #di1 #ed4 ,casaubon1 #ag4 ,cats1 ,jacob1 #ec4 ,cavallo1 ,tib]ius1 #dd4 ,*aignet1 #fj4 ,*>lemagne1 #eh4 ,*>les ,,ii41 #bc4 ,*>leton1 ,dr4 ,w41 #ai4 ,*ladni1 #bf4 ,coignet1 ,mi*iel1 #eh4 ,coll5uccio1 ,p&olfo1 #i4 ,conimbric5ses1 #aa4 ,cordus1 ,val]ius1 #bj4 ,cortes1 ,m>t91 #aa1 #bd1 #eg4 ,co/a1 ,filippo1 #af1 #ec4 ,co/a1 ,joseph4 ,see ,aco/a4 ,co/aeus1 ,joannes1 ( ,lodi1 #af1 #de4 ,creak1 ,capta91 #ea1 #ef4 ,cree*1 ,t41 #c4 ,cresc5tius1 #h4 ,crollius1 ,o41 #bi4 ,curtius1 #cb4 ,curtius1 ,n41 #bi4 ,curtze1 ,m41 #fj4 ,cusan 7,c>d9al de ,cusa71 #g1 #de1 #di4 ,cyrrhe/es1 ,&ronicus1 #eh4 ,davies1 ,t4 ,s41 #bj4 ,de la ,hire1 #ed4 ,de ,lanis1 #eh1 #fb4 ,delaunay1 #cb4 ,diog5es ,la]tius1 #fj4 ,dioscorides1 #cj1 #cd1 #ce1 #cg1 #ch1 #dc4 ,dom9icus ,m>ia ,f]r>i5sis 7,nov>a71 #fj4 ,drake1 ,sir ,francis1 #ai4 ,dudley1 ,sir ,rob]t1 #ai1 #ef1 #ei4 ,du ,puys 7,puteanus71 #ch1 #de4 #ff ,encelius1 or ,entzelt1 #g1 #bd1 #bf4 ,era/us1 ,?omas1 #g4 ,euripides1 #d4 ,evax1 #ah1 #ej4 ,evelyn1 ,john1 #bc4 ,fallopius1 ,gabriellus1 #g1 #bi4 ,fantis1 ,antonius de1 #di4 ,fic9o1 ,m>siglio1 #ah4 ,f9cati1 ,admiral1 #h4 ,flet*]1 ,l41 #bf4 ,fonseca1 #fb4 ,fontano1 ,jacopo1 #eh4 ,=cell9i1 #b4 ,f\rni]1 ,g41 #aj1 #bj1 #bb1 #ee1 #eh4 ,foxe1 #eb4 ,fraca/orio1 ,hi]onymo1 #ab1 #ai1 #bi1 #ea4 ,gal51 #bi1 #cj1 #ca1 #ce4 ,galileo1 #dg1 #fb4 ,gallucci1 #eh4 ,g>tias ab ,horto1 #ac1 #bg1 #ci4 ,gass5di1 #ed4 ,gass]1 ,a*illes ,p41 #ag1 #eg4 ,geb]1 #bi4 ,gellibr&1 ,h5ry1 #ee4 ,gemma1 ,cornelius1 #de4 ,gessn]1 #cb4 ,gilb]t1 ,adrian1 #bj4 ,gilb]t1 ,william1 de ,mundo no/ro ,sublun>i1 #dg1 #ej1 #fc4 ,gioia1 or ,goia1 #h1 #ef4 ,glanvill1 ,joseph1 #bg4 ,goebel1 #cf4 ,goe!1 #bc4 ,gonzalus ,ovi$us1 #aj4 ,gopp]t1 #ce4 ,goropius1 ,h5ricus ,becanus1 #aj4 ,grala?1 ,d41 #cf4 ,gr&amicus1 #fb4 ,grew1 ,n41 #bc4 ,grimaldi1 #ed4 ,grotius1 ,hugo1 #ag4 ,gu]icke1 ,otto von1 #da1 #ej4 ,haeck]1 ,p4 ,w41 #dh4 ,hakewill1 ,g41 #aj4 ,hakluyt1 #ac1 #bj4 ,hali ,abbas1 #f1 #ag1 #bi4 ,hamilton1 ,james 7,e>l ( ,ab]corn71 #dh4 ,h>iot1 ,?omas1 #ai4 ,h>ris1 ,sir ,w4 ,sn[1 #ba1 #ed4 ,h>tmann1 ,p4 ,j41 #cf4 ,hellmann1 ,g41 #aa4 ,h]mann1 ,d41 #cf4 ,h]molaus ,b>b>us1 #g4 ,hill1 ,sir ,john1 #bd1 #ch1 #dj4 ,hood1 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