,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,engl& ,,cle>$ ,,f ,,! ,,*>ge ,,( ,,s*ism1 ,,^u ,,te/imonies ,,( ,,c\ncils ,,& ,,fa!rs ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,six ,,c5turies4 ,,by ,,?omas ,,william ,,allies1 ,m4 ,a4 ,,rector ,,( ,,launton1 ,,oxon4 ,,london3 ,,james ,,burns1 #ag1 ,,portman ,,/reet1 ,,portman ,,squ>e4 #ahdf4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,r4 ,,clay1 ,,pr9t]1 ,,bread ,,/reet ,,hill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,adv]tisem5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! writ] ( ! foll[+ pages is m & m conv9c$ t ! :ole "q betwe5 ! ,roman ,*ur* & ourselves1 z well z ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*1 turns ^u ! ,papal ,supremacy1 z at pres5t claim$1 be+ ( div9e "r or n4 ,if x be1 !n h we no?+ else to d1 on p]il ( salvation1 b submit ourselves to ! au?ority ( ,rome3 & bett] x 7 to d s be=e we meet ! attack1 :i* is close at h&1 ( an enemy :o be>s equal hatr$ to ourselves & to ,rome2 ! pr$ict$ ,lawless ,"o1 ! ,logos1 reason1 or private judgm5t ( apo/ate humanity ris+ up aga9/ ! ,div9e ,logos1 inc>nate 9 ,8 ,*ur*4 ,if x be n1 !n may we take c\rage2 = ! position ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& be+ t5able1 all ! evils )9 h] pale1 :i* we are n[ s deeply feel+1 w1 by ,god's bless+1 be gradually ov]come4 ,z to practical abuses 9 h]1 :o w v5ture to say !y are s great z 9 ! ,roman ,*ur* ( ! t5? c5tury1 :5 ! ,fir/ ,see 0 fill$ successively by ! lov]s ( ab&on$ wom51 :o made & depos$ ,popes at _! w8 ,our cause be+ good1 all t we h to deplore ( actual evil %\ld lead to m e>ne/ int]cession1 m cont9u$ /riv+ aft] t love :i* brea!s itself =? 9 unity1 b %\ld n %ake ! confid5ce ( any ob$i5t he>t 9 our "m's title4 ,:5 ! ,donati/s made ! crimes ( individuals an excuse = break+ unity1 ,/4 ,augu/9 rem9d$ !m1 t ! crimes ( ! *aff d n prejudice ! :eat1 b t bo? mu/ gr[ toge!r till ! ,"l ( ! h>ve/ s5d =? 8 angels to make ! sep>ation4 ,! writ] w n conceal t he took up ?is inquiry = ! purpose ( satisfy+ 8 own m9d4 ,_h he f\nd ! ,c\ncils & ,fa!rs ( ! fir/ six c5turies be>+ witness to ! ,roman supremacy1 z at pres5t claim$1 in/ead ( aga9/ x1 he %\ld h felt b\nd to obey !m4 ,z a ,prie/ ( ! ,*ur* ,ca?olic 9 ,engl&1 he desires to hold1 & to ! be/ ( 8 ability w tea*1 all doctr9e :i* ! undivid$ ,*ur* always held4 ,he f9ds by ref]5ce to ^? au?orities :i* c\ld n be deceiv$1 & _c be adult]at$1 t :ile !y unanim\sly held ! ,roman primacy1 & ! patri>*al sy/em1 ( :i* ! ,roman pontiff /ood at ! head1 !y z unanim\sly did n hold1 nor ev5 contemplate1 t supremacy or mon>*y :i* alone ,rome w n[ accept z ! price ( h] communion4 ,!y n only d n recognise x1 b _! words & _! actions mo/ manife/ly contradict x4 ,?is is1 9 "o ^w1 8 ju/ification ( 8 "m f ! s9 ( ,s*ism4 ,if true1 x is suffici5t3 if untrue1 he kn[s ( no o!r4 ,b %\ld any oppon5t ?9k ^! pages wor?y ( a reply1 ! writ] w>ns him1 at ! outset1 t he mu/ 9 fairness disc>d t old dis+5u\s trick ( us+ te/imonies ( ! ,fa!rs to ! primacy ( ! ,roman ,see 9 ! episcopal & patri>*al sy/em1 9 ord] to prove ! full papal supremacy1 z n[ claim$1 9 a sy/em :i* is ne>ly come to pure mon>*y4 ,by ?is me?od1 because ! ,fa!rs recognise ! ,bi%op ( ,rome z successor ( ,/4 ,pet]1 !y are c\nt$ witnesses to t absolute p[] n[ claim$ by ! ,roman pontiff1 ?\gh !y recognise o!r ,bi%ops1 9 j ! same s5se1 to be successors ( ! holy ,apo/les2 or ?\gh !y call e ,bi%op's see ! see ( ,pet]1 z ! great type & example ( ! episcopate4 ,:at su* an "o has to e/abli% 9 ord] to ju/ify ! ,roman ,*ur*1 & to prove t ! ,engli% & ! ,ea/]n are 9 ,s*ism1 is1 t ,roman doctr9e1 z /at$ by ,bell>m9e1 :i* is really ! key-/one ( ! :ole sy/em1 t ,bi%ops succe$ n prop]ly to ! ,apo/les1 = !y h no "p ( ! true apo/olic au?ority1 b t all ord9>y jurisdiction ( ,bi%ops desc5ds imm$iately f ! ,pope1 & t ! ,pope has1 full & entire1 t p[] :i* ,*ri/ left on ! e>? = ! good ( ! ,*ur*4#a ,let ?is be prov$ on ! te/imony ( ! fir/ six c5turies1 & if x be true1 no?+ c be m easy ?an to prove x1 z ! contradictory ( x is attempt$ to be prov$ 9 ! foll[+ pages1 & all controv]sy w be at an end4 ,we claim t x %\ld be prov$1 = ev5 ,de ,mai/re1 :o has put =w>d ?is !ory ) ! lea/ compromise1 decl>es1 ,!re is no?+ new 9 ! ,*ur*1 & nev] w %e believe save :at %e has always believ$4#b 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,engl& ,,cle>$ ,,f ,,! ,,*>ge ,,( ,,s*ism4 ,! c\rse ( ev5ts1 = "s "t pa/1 has be5 su* z to =ce ^u ! mo/ fai?ful sons ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& ! consid]ation ( que/ions :i* !y w\ld r h left alone1 z long ago settl$2 = ! nature ( ^! que/ions is su*1 n to speak ( _! intricacy & pa9fulness1 z almo/ to compel ! /ud5t to place himself1 z x 71 ab extra to t community1 :i* he w\ld r reg>d ) ! unreason+ & unhesitat+ in/9ct ( filial affection4 ,"o ( ^! que/ions1 p]haps ! fir/ :i* directly meets & enc\nt]s him1 is ! *>ge ( ,s*ism br\ght aga9/ ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& on acc\nt ( ! ev5ts ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & h] actual /ate ( sep>ation f ! ,lat9 communion1 :i* has be5 _! result4 ,"t 01 & t n long s9ce1 :5 x might h be5 ?\ght a sort ( treason = "o :o m9i/]s at ! alt>s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 & receives by h] in/rum5tality ! gift ( ,life1 s mu* z to ent]ta9 ! ?\ght1 :e!r !re 0 a flaw 9 ! commission ( 8 spiritual "m1 a flaw :i*1 r$uc+ h] to ! condition ( a sect1 w\ld invalidate 8 own son%ip4 ,& c]ta9ly ! treatm5t ( su* a "q mu/ be mo/ pa9ful to any "o1 :o desires to be ob$i5t & dutiful1 & !re=e to be at peace4 ,h[ c x be o!rwise1 :51 in/ead ( eat+ 8 daily portion ( food 9 8 ,fa!r's h\se1 he is call$ ^u to se>* & inquire :e!r inde$ he h f\nd t h\se at all1 & be n r a fugitive or an outca/ f x4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 is ! h>d necessity :i* is come ^u u4 ,let no "o imag9e t x is our *oice to speak on su* subjects4 ,we are 9 ! case ( a beleagu]$ soldi] 9 an enemy's c\ntry2 he may n ?9k ( peace2 he mu/ ma9ta9 8 po/ or die2 8 "p is n aggression1 b def5ce3 ! matt] at issue is ! pres]vation ( all t he holds de>1 or ext]m9ation4 ,! "q ( s*ism is a "q ( salvation4 ,b ov] & above ! g5]al c\rse ( ev5ts :i* =ces u to reconsid] ?is "q1 circum/ances h tak5 place 9 ! pa/ ye> :i* we may boldly pron\nce to be )\t a p>allel 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,engl& s9ce %e became divid$ f ,ca?olic communion4 ,^? :o h foll[$ ) anxi\s sympa?y t great re/orative movem5t :i*1 = twelve ye>s1 has agitat$ h] bosom1--^? :o h felt ) an ev] increas+ conviction1 z "t w5t on1 & ! diff]5t p>ties consolidat$ & unfold$ !mselves1 t x 0 at ! bottom a conte/ = ! anci5t fai? deliv]$ to ! sa9ts1 = dogmatic tru?1 = a visible ,*ur*1 9 :om1 z 9 a great sacram5t1 0 lodg$ ! pres5ce ( ! ,"l1 communicat+ ,himself by a ?\s& acts ( spiritual efficacy1 aga9/ ! mon/r\s & %apeless latitud9>ianism ( ! day2 aga9/ ! unnumb]$ & ev5 unsuspect$ h]esies :i* h infect$ ! :ole atmosph]e t we brea!2 aga9/1 9 f9e1 ! individual w ( fall5 man1 "u cov] ( :i* ! com+ ,anti*ri/ is m>%all+ int]e/s ! mo/ opposite1 & passions ! mo/ contradictory2 & fur!r1 ^? n few nor inconsid]able1 we believe1 :o1 by ,god's grace1 owe to ! tea*+ ( "o man 9 p>ticul> a debt !y nev] c repay1--! recov]y1 p]*ance1 ( !mselves f "s =m ( error :i* he has taught !m to disc]n1 or ! build+ !m up 9 a fai? ^: fair proportions he fir/ discov]$ to !m1--^! w feel ) deep] sorr[ ?an we c express ! urg5cy ( ! occasion to :i* we allude4 ,= h[1 inde$1 c\ld ! "q1 :e!r ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& is fall5 into s*ism1 or be1 z f ! lav] ( _! reg5]ation !y h be5 taught to believe1 a memb] ( t "o sacr$ ,body 9 :i* ,*ri/ inc>nate dwells1--h[ c\ld ?is "q be s =c$ ^u _! m9ds1 z by ! fact t h] ,*ampion1 :om !y _h hi!rto felt to be inv9cible1 :o _h seem$ h] heav5-s5t def5d]1 ) ! talisman ( victory 9 8 h&s1 ( :om !y 7 ev5 tempt$ to ?9k ,si ,p]gama dextra ,def5di poss5t1 etiam hac def5sa fuiss5t1 t he1 :o fight+ h] battles1 nev] met ) 8 equal1 unsubdu$ by any foe f )\t1 has surr5d]$ to 8 own d\bts & fe>s2 self-conqu]$1 has laid d[n h] arms1 & has gone ov] to ! camp oppos$4 ,h5ce=? %e has rang$ aga9/ h] ^? p[]s ( g5ius & t sanctity ( life1 to :i* s _m ( h] *ildr5 look$ z to a c]ta9 om5 ( h] ,ca?olicity4 ,!y felt t %e :o bore su* *ildr51 mu/ ne$s be ! sp\se ( ,god4 ,x is no wond] t _m o!rs1 ( no mean "n among u1 & :om we c\ld ill af=d to sp>e1 h _h _! d\bts & disquietudes det]m9$ by su* a fact z ?is4 ,= ! fir/ "t1 ,i repeat1 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& h e>ne/ & zeal\s *ildr5 ( h]s1 :o desir$ no?+ b _! own salvation & ! salvation ( o!rs1 f\nd no re/ = ! sole ( _! feet )9 h] communion4 ,m5 :o set out ) ! mo/ s+le-m9d$ purpose ( def5d+ h] cause1 nay1 ( w9n+ back to h] bosom ali5at$ multitudes1 ( build+ h] up 9 a beauty & a glory :i* %e has n yet se51 & "o1 especially1 :o has be5 ! s\l ( t great movem5t to re/ore h]1--^! h n[1 aft] ye>s ( h>d fight+ sp5t 9 h] s]vice1 quitt$ h]1 & proclaim t all :o value _! salvation mu/ quit h] likewise4 ,^! are "s ( ! special circum/ances :i* =ce ^u ! mo/ reluctant ! "q ( ,s*ism4 ,x 0 ! privilege ( o!r days to fe$ 9 ! quiet pa/ures ( tru?4 ,we h to seek ! pa? to ,heav5 ?r\gh ! wild]ness ( controv]sy1 :]e too (t5 ! highways are unoccupi$1 & ! travell]s walk ?r\gh byways4 ,b x is a "q :i* _c be put (f or ?ru/ aside4 ,no in/ruct$ ,*ri/ian1 :o has any true fai? or love1 c be> ! ?\ght t he is out ( ! "o fold ( ,*ri/4 ,! "q _c be put (f1 = x w brood ^u him 9 8 daily devotions & lab\rs2 a d\bt z to ! ju/ice ( 8 cause w p>alyse all 8 ex]tions4 ,x _c be ?ru/ aside2 = ! imputation ( h]esy on ano!r has no t5d5cy to answ] ! *>ge ( s*ism aga9/ oneself4 ,x mu/ be met op5ly1 hone/ly1 & )\t %r9k+4 ,! *>ge ( ,s*ism t\*es imm$iately ! ,*ri/ian's consci5ce1 = ?is reason1 t1 if true1 x takes away f 8 pray]s1 8 motives1 8 actions1 8 suff]+s1 t "o quality :i* is acceptable to ,almighty ,god4 ,"h x is mo/ true1 t all1 :i* is n ( fai?1 is s93 he :o does n believe1 at lea/1 t he is a memb] ( ! "o ,*ur*1 :atev] outw>d acts he may p]=m1 _c please 8 ,judge4 ,9 ! words ( "o :o himself gave 8 goods to fe$ ! poor1 & %$ 8 blood = ! te/imony ( ,jesus1#c if su* m5 7 ev5 kill$ = confession ( ! ,*ri/ian "n1 n ev5 by _! blood is ?is /a9 wa%$ out4 ,inexpiable & heavy is ! s9 ( discord1 & is purg$ by no suff]+4 ,he _c be a m>tyr :o is n 9 ! ,*ur*2 he c nev] atta9 to ! k+dom1 :o leaves h] ) :om ! k+dom %all be4 ,a man ( su* sort may inde$ be kill$1 cr[n$ he _c be4 ,!re=e ! *>ge ( ,s*ism1 :5 once br\ght be=e ! reflect+ m9d1 _c be turn$ aside1--x mu/ be met & answ]$3 if x is n answ]$1 at lea/ to ! conviction ( ! individual1 x leaves ^u ! :ole ( 8 ob$i5ce ! /a9 ( ins9c]ity1 :i* is fatal4 ,9 ?is respect x is m press+ & imp]i\s1 m fatal1 ev5 ?an t ( h]esy4 ,i obs]ve ?is1 because1 9 ! comm5ts ,i h se5 on ! pa9ful dep>tures ( fri5ds f among u1 & 9 exhortations n to foll[ !m1 x has n seem$ to be always recognis$4 ,:5 m5 leave u on ! gr\nd t we are 9 s*ism1 surely all c5sure ( !m1 & all def5ce ( ourselves1 is beside ! m>k1 :i* does n meet & rebut ?is p>ticul> accusation4 ,"u ?is no man c re/3 x is useless1 x is s9ful1 to ask him to re/1 unless y c remove ! imputation4 ,to talk ( disappo9tm5t1 or a morbid desire ( di/9ction1 or impati5ce "u defici5cies1 want ( discipl9e1 or sympa?y 9 spiritual sup]iors1 & su*-l causes1 z be+ ^? :i* h impell$ a man to ! mo/ pa9ful sacrifices1 & 9 ! middle ( 8 days to beg9 life aga91 is surely bo? untrue z reg>ds ! individual1 & futile z to prev5t+ o!rs do+ l him1 :5 ! gr\nd ( s*ism among o!rs is alleg$ by himself1 & is felt to lie at ! bottom4 ,c\ld we prove t ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& is cle> bo? ( enunciat+ h]esy 9 h] =mul>ies1 & ( all[+ x )9 h] pale1 x w\ld 9 no respect answ] ?is *>ge ( s*ism aga9/ h]1 except s f> z ! a priori presumption1 t %e :o is cle> ( ! "o w\ld be cle> ( ! o!r also4 ,b x w\ld rema9 to be met & answ]$ specifically4 ,moreov]1 ,i mu/ confess t ?is is a po9t on :i* ,i1 = "o1 _c write 9 ! _s ( a controv]siali/4 ,i mu/ /ate1 to ! be/ ( my poor ability1 & to ! utmo/ rea* ( my limit$ disc]nm5t1 n only ! tru?1 b ! :ole tru?4 ,i _c keep back po9ts :i* tell aga9/ u4 ,gibbon *>ges ,?omass9 ) tell+ "o half ! tru?1 & ,b+ham ! o!r half1 9 _! books ^u ! anci5t discipl9e ( ! ,*ur*4 ,:e!r ?is be true or n1 ,i _c1 9 my small degree1 d likewise4 ,i h f\nd ,bi%op ,bev]idge1 9 8 def5ce ( ! #cg? ,article1 quote1 9 sev]al in/ances1 "p ( a p>agraph f anci5t ,fa!rs1 because x told = him1 & omit ! o!r "p1 because x told aga9/ him4 ,&1 9 consid]+ ! celibacy ( ! cl]gy1 x is usual to f9d ,prote/ant writ]s enl>g+ on ! fact1 t ,/4 ,pet] 0 m>ri$2 & t ! ,greek ,*ur* has always all[$ its p>i% prie/s to be m>ri$2 :ile !y keep out ( view t ,/4 ,pet]'s m>riage prec$$ 8 call1 & t ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* nev] all[$ ^? :o 7 already 9 holy ord]s1 to m>ry1 b only to keep ^? wives :i* !y _h tak5 z laym54 ,or aga91 9 def]5ce to ! circum/ances ( ! ,engli% ,*ur*1 writ]s conceal ! fact1 t ! :ole ,*ur* ( ! ,ea/ & ,we/1 on ! au?ority1 z to ! fir/ po9t1 ( ! express ,^w ( ,god itself1 has nev] all[$ a p]son :o m>ri$ twice1 or :o m>ri$ a wid[1 to be 9 holy ord]s at all4 ,i h obs]v$ ,b+ham1 :5 he treats ( celibacy1 allud+ triumphantly to ! biography ( ,/4 ,cyprian1 by ,pontius1 to prove t an anci5t sa9t1 m>tyr1 & bi%op1 ( ! ?ird c5tury1 0 a m>ri$ man2 b tak+ c>e to leave out ! express notice ( ,pontius1 t1 f 8 conv]sion1 he liv$ 9 cont95ce4 ,^? :o wi% to see on ! ,roman side ano!r sort ( unfairness allud$ to 9 ! ,adv]tisem5t may look to ! #f? ,*apt] ( ! #a/ ,book ( ,de ,mai/re1 on ! ,pope1 :]e !y w f9d a ho/ ( quotations to prove ! ,supremacy1 :i* only prove at ! outside ! ,primacy2 & by f> ! great] numb] ( !m might be p>allel$ by l expressions :i* are address$ to o!r bi%ops1 b ( :i* fact no m5tion is made4 ,!y are assum$ 9 a sort ( triumphant /ra9 to prove ! po9t 9 "q1 :ile1 to ! /ud5t ( antiquity1 _! weakness1 or1 sometimes1 _! irrelevancy1 only proves ! rev]se4 ,?is sort ( dis+5u\sness is s common on bo? sides1 t x may be said to be ! besett+ s9 ( controv]siali/s4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !re be any "q 9 :i* p]fect c&\r is requisite1 x is surely ?is ( s*ism4 ,w\ld x n be a mo/ mis]able success to be able to deceive oneself1 or o!rs1 z to :e!r "o is or is n )9 ! cov5ant ( salvation8 ,! special plead] 9 su* a case is surely ! mo/ unhappy ( all m52 = he deprives himself ( ! greate/ ( bless+s4 ,he seems to w9 8 cause1 :ile he mo/ ?or\ghly loses x2 = if a man be inde$ out ( ! ark ( ,*ri/'s ,*ur*1 :at b5efit c "o possibly r5d] him equal to t ( br++ him )9 x8 ,i write1 !n1 ) ! /ronge/ s5se ( responsibility on ?is subject1 & %all n be det]r$ f mak+ admissions1 if tru? require !m1 :i* seem to tell on ! o!r side1 & :i* h accord+ly be5 %runk f1 or slurr$ ov]1 by our def5d]s 9 =m] times4 ,& ?is leads to ano!r consid]ation4 ,! *>ge ( ,s*ism aga9/ ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& is1 t by reject+ ! ,papal au?ority 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 %e lo/ ! bless+ ( ,ca?olic communion1 & ceas$ to belong to t ,"o ,body to :i* salvation is promis$4 ,n[1 9 su* a matt]1 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& mu/ be judg$ by pr9ciples :i* h be51 f ! fir/1 & are /ill1 recognis$ by all ,*ri/5dom4 ,:atev] ob$i5ce we may owe1 9 virtue ( our p]sonal subscription1 to articles or o!r =mul>ies1 drawn up 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 x is obvi\s !y c decide no?+ "h4 ,:at ,i mean w be be/ %[n by an example4 ,suppose a p]son 7 to take ! #f? ,article1 & set ^u x a mean+1 n at all uncommon 9 ^! days1 viz4 t ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& !re9 decl>es1 t ,holy ,scripture is ! sole /&>d ( fai?2 & t e man mu/ decide = himself1 :at is1 or is n1 conta9$ 9 ,holy ,scripture2 & t he1 se>*+ ,holy ,scripture = ! purpose1 c f9d no?+ :atev] said ab\t ! ,papal au?ority2--x is obvi\s1 t su* a mode ( argu+ w\ld be utt]ly inadequate ei!r to t]m9ate controv]sy1 or1 "o w\ld ?9k1 to quiet any tr\bl$ consci5ce3 = :e!r or no ?is be ! mean+ ( ! #f? ,article1 ! :ole ,greek & ,lat9 ,*ur* w\ld reject ) horror su* propositions z ! fir/ two put toge!r1 z be+ subv]sive ( ! v exi/5ce ( a ,*ur*1 & ( all dogmatic au?ority4 ,x is a valid argum5t en\gh to an individual to say1 ,y h sign$ su* & su* docum5ts1 & are b\nd by !m3 b if he is 9 d\bt :e!r ! docum5ts !mselves be t5able1 !y _c be tak5 to prove !mselves4 ,! decision ( a prov9ce ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! sixte5? c5tury _c be quot$ to prove t t decision is "r1 = x is ! v ?+ call$ 9 "q4 ,x is ! ,re=mation itself :i* is put on trial2 x _c appeal to itself z a witness2 x mu/ be cont5t to br+ its cause be=e a judge1 ^: au?ority all w admit1--& t judge1 ne$ we say1 mu/ be antiquity1 & ! cons5t ( ! undivid$ ,*ur*4 ,& ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 x mu/ be admitt$1 has n %runk f ?is appeal4 ,h] (t5-quot$ canon enjo9s h] m9i/]s1 9 t "p ( _! duty :]e9 mo/ is left to _! private judgm5t1 to tea* no?+ :i* !y wi% to be held & believ$ religi\sly by ! p1 save :at is agreeable to ! doctr9e ( ! ,old or ,new ,te/am5t1 & :at ! ,ca?olic ,fa!rs & anci5t ,bi%ops1 h collect$ out ( t v doctr9e4 ,?us %e spoke 9 ! ye> #aega4 ,! ,*ur* _h !n pass$ ?r\gh fifte5 c5turies ( a *equ]$1 b sup]human1 & mo/ m>vell\s exi/5ce4 ,h] cont9u\s life implies a cont9uity ( pr9ciples1 rul+ h] f ! beg9n+2 & any controv]sy :i* affects h] well-be+1 z does t conc]n+ ! integrity or loss ( a great memb]1 mu/ be judg$ accord+ to ^? pr9ciples4 ,! pres5t position ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& may be m]ely a provisional "o1 ,i firmly believe t su* is ! fact2 b if %e is to claim ! allegiance ( h] *ildr5 z a "p ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 x mu/ be prov$ t su* h] position is t5able ^u ! pr9ciples :i* direct$ t ,*ur* :5 undivid$4 ,9 %ort1 ,i propose hone/ly1 ?\gh briefly1 to meet ?is imputation ( s*ism by an appeal to ! au?ority ( ! fir/ six c5turies3 an au?ority1 :i* no ,roman ,ca?olic c slight or refuse4 ,let u g back to ! fir/ p]iod at :i* ! univ]sal ,*ur*1 em]g+ f ! fires ( p]secution1 is f\nd act+ z "o body4 ,unit$1 inde$1 x _h ev] be5 f ! day ( ,p5teco/1 9 *>ity1 9 doctr9e1 9 sacram5ts1 9 communion4 ,! ,*ri/ian p1 scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! wide prec9cts ( ! ,roman empire1 & speak+ its v>i\s tongues1 0 "o 9 he>t & _s--,a peculi> p1 l none o!r3 ! ,bread :i* !y ate1 & ! ,cup :i* !y drank1 made !m ,"o liv+ ,body4 ,b s long z ! ,*ur* 0 engag$ 9 a fi]ce & unrel5t+ conflict ) ! ,paganism & despotism ( ! empire1 %e c\ld h>dly exhibit to ! _w h] complete outw>d organization4 ,s1 al?\gh 9 ! int]vals ( p]secution1 important prov9cial c\ncils _h be5 held1 & ?\gh x 0 felt to be necess>y = discipl9e t local synods %\ld take place twice e ye>1 yet n until ! ye> #cbe1 at ! ,c\ncil ( ,nicea1 does ! :ole ,*ur* meet 9 repres5tation2 ! imm$iate cause ( t assemblage be+ a h]esy s malignant z to ?reat5 h] exi/5ce1 & :i* c\ld be repress$ by no less en]getic means4 ,t is a /rongly m>k$ & important po9t 9 h] exi/5ce1 ?r[+ light ^u ! c5turies prec$+1 & e/abli%+ irremovable l&m>ks = ^? ensu+1 at :i* we h full means = judg+ :at h] con/itution & gov]nm5t 74 ,z ! decrees ( ! #cah ,fa!rs e/abli%$ = ev] ! true doctr9e conc]n+ ! ,et]nal ,son1 s d !y (f] an imp]i%able & unambigu\s witness conc]n+ ! discipl9e & hi]>*y ( ! ,*ur*4 ,:at 0 s*ism !n1 is s*ism n[2 :at 0 lawful & compatible ) ,*ri/ian ,son%ip & privileges !n1 is s n[4 ,:at !n is ! view !y pres5t u )8 ,we f9d ! ,bi%ops ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w recognis$1 )\t s mu* z a d\bt1 to be ! successors ( ! ,apo/les1 inve/$ ) ! pl5itude ( t royal ,prie/hood :i* ! ,son ( ,god _h set up on ! e>? 9 ,8 own ,p]son1 & f t ,p]son _h communicat$ to ,8 *os5 disciples1 & s possess$ ( :atev] au?ority 0 necess>y to gov]n ! ,*ur*4 ,?us spoke a fre% & unbrok5 tradition1 s univ]sal & s unque/ionable t no o!r voice 0 he>d beside4 ,?us ! ,episcopal p[] may be safely recognis$ z ( div9e appo9tm5t3 9 tru? x is sc>cely possible to h /rong] evid5ce ?an we h ( ?is4 ,"o ( ! mo/ le>n$ ( ^? :o are oppos$ to u on ! *>ge ( s*ism1 ?us sums up ! decisions ( all ! ,fa!rs & all ! ,c\ncils ( ! fir/ ages4 ,! ,bi%op repres5ts ,*ri/1 & /&s 9 8 place on e>?4 ,z !re=e ! ,prie/hood ( ,*ri/ embraces all sac]dotal au?ority & complete p[] to fe$ ! flock1 s t :ile we may inde$ di/+ui% & def9e ! v>i\s p[]s includ$ 9 t fullness & p]fection1 yet x is a great crime to dissev] & r5d !m 9 any way f ea* o!r1 j z we di/+ui% )\t divid+ ! attributes & p]fections ( ! ,godhead itself2 s ! ,episcopate 9 its own nature conta9s ! fullness ( ! ,prie/hood1 & ! p]fection ( ! ,pa/oral (fice4 ,= ,*ri/ receiv$ ! p]fection ( ! ,prie/hood f ,8 ,fa!r1 :5 ,he 0 s5t by ,him4 ,moreov] ! p]fection ( ! ,prie/hood1 or bo? ! ,episcopal p[]s1 7i4e4 ! ,sac]dotal & ! ,pa/oral17 ,he gave at once to ,8 ,apo/les :5 he s5t !m z ,he himself 0 s5t by ! ,fa!r4 ,la/ly1 t same p]fection !y transmitt$ to ,bi%ops1 s5d+ !m z !y !mselves 7 s5t by ,*ri/4 ,:5ce ,bi%ops are ,fa!rs by ! mo/ noble p>ticipation ( div9e ,fa!r%ip :i* is on e>?2 s t "h t expression ( ,paul is true--',f :om e ,fa!r%ip 9 heav5 & e>? is nam$4' ,= no great] ,fa!r%ip is !re on ! e>? ?an ! ,apo/olical & ! ,episcopal4 ,?omass91 ,"p ,i4 ,liv4 i4 *4 #b4 ,&1 view$ 9 itself1 ?is p[] 0 sov]eign & indep5d5t 9 e individual ,bi%op1 :o 0 ! sp\se ( ! ,*ur*1 ! successor ( ! ,apo/les1 & ( ,pet]1 ! c5tre ( unity2 able1 moreov]1 to communicate ?is au?ority to o!rs1 & to become ! s\rce ( a long l9e ( spiritual desc5dants4 ,b 0 ?is p[] 9 practice ex]cis$ 9 s unmodifi$ a =m8 ,w\ld !re n h be5 n only imm95t dang]1 b almo/ c]ta9ty1 t a p[] unlimit$ 9 its nature1 committ$ to s l>ge a body ( m51 :o might become indef9itely m num]\s1 yet 7 ea* indep5d5t c5tres ( au?ority1 in/ead ( t5d+ to unity w\ld produce div]sity8 ,accord+ly we f9d1 toge!r ) ! apo/olical au?ority1 admitt$ to be lodg$ 9 ! ,episcopal body 9 g5]al1 a prepond]at+ influ5ce ex]cis$ by c]ta9 sees1 viz4 by ,rome 9 ! ,we/1 & by ,alex&ria & ,antio* 9 ! ,ea/4 ,"u ^! lead+ ,bi%ops are a great numb] ( metropolitans2 & o!rs1 aga91 l ! ,bi%ops ( ,cyprus1 h _! own metropolitan1 b are n subord9ate to ei!r ( ! ?ree great sees4 ,next to ^!1 rank ! ,bi%ops ( ,ephesus1 ,ces>ea1 & ,h]aclea1 :o preside respectively ov] ! prov9ces ( ,asia1 ,cappadocia1 & ,?race1 & 7 aft]w>ds call$ ,ex>*s4 ,& ! s\rce ( ?is prepond]at+ influ5ce is to be trac$ to ! fact t ! ,apo/les laid hold ( ! pr9cipal cities1 & f\nd$ ,*ur*es 9 !m1 :i* became c5tres ( light to _! sev]al prov9ces1 & naturally ex]cis$ a p>5tal au?ority ov] _! *ildr54 ,! ?ree great ,bi%ops1 ?\gh n yet call$ ,patri>*s1 or ev5 ,ar*bi%ops1 seem to h ex]cis$ all ! p[] ( ,patri>*s4 ,no g5]al ,c\ncil w\ld be b9d+ )\t _! pres5ce 9 p]son1 or by deputy1 or _! subsequ5t ratification4 ,moreov]1 among ^!1 ! ,bi%op ( ,rome1 z successor ( ,/4 ,pet]1 has a decid$ preem95ce4 ,:at ! ext5t ( t preem95ce 01 _h n yet be5 def9$2 b x is v app>5t1 & ackn[l$g$ 9 ! ,ea/ z well z 9 ! ,we/4 ,x does n seem1 inde$1 t 8 au?ority diff]$ 9 k9d1 b only 9 degree1 f t ( 8 bre?r51 especially ^? ( ,alex&ria & ,antio*4 ,! ,apo/olical ,canons1 m anci5t ?an ! ,c\ncil ( ,nice1 & repres5t+ ! :ole ,ea/1 say3--,! ,bi%ops ( e nation mu/ ackn[l$ge him :o is fir/ among !m1 & acc\nt him z _! head1 & d no?+ ( consequ5ce )\t 8 cons5t2 b ea* may d ^? ?+s only :i* conc]n 8 own p>i%1 7i4e4 diocese17 & ! c\ntry places :i* belong to x4 ,b nei!r let him 7:o is ! fir/7 d any?+ )\t ! cons5t ( all1 = s !re w be unanimity1 & ,god w be glorifi$ ?r\gh ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,canon #cd4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,nicea m5tions ! sees ( ,alex&ria1 ,antio*1 & ,rome 9 precisely simil> t]ms3--,let ! anci5t cu/oms be ma9ta9$1 :i* are 9 ,egypt & ,libya1 & ,p5tapolis2 accord+ to :i* ! ,bi%op ( ,alex&ria has au?ority ov] all ^? places4 ,= ?is is also cu/om>y to ! ,bi%op ( ,rome4 ,9 l mann] 9 ,antio*1 & 9 ! o!r prov9ces1 ! privileges are to be pres]v$ to ! ,*ur*es4 ,canon #f4 ,t is1 z x w\ld seem1 let ! ,bi%op ( ,alex&ria h ! p[] to consecrate ,bi%ops 9 ! ?ree prov9ces ( 8 ,patri>*ate1 = ! ,bi%op ( ,rome does ! same 9 81 i4e4 9 ! suburbic>ian prov9ces1 or 9 ,italy1 s\? ( ! prov9ce ( ,milan1 & 9 ,sicily4 ,?is prec$5ce or pr]ogative ( ,rome1 to :atev] ext5t x rea*$1 0 c]ta9ly1 not)/&+ ! fam\s #bh? ,canon ( ,*alc$on1 n ei!r claim$ or grant$ m]ely because ,rome 0 ! imp]ial city4 ,x 0 explicitly claim$ by ! ,bi%op ( ,rome himself1 & z freely conc$$ by o!rs to him1 z 9 a special s5se successor ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,f ! e>lie/ times t ! ,*ur* comes be=e u z an organiz$ body1 ! g]m at lea/ ( ?is preem95ce is obs]vable4 ,f ! v fir/1 ! ,roman ,pontiff seems possess$ himself1 z f a liv+ tradition :i* _h ?or\ghly p5etrat$ ! local ,roman ,*ur*1 ) a consci\sness ( "s peculi> influ5ce he 0 to ex]cise on ! :ole ,*ur*4 ,?is consci\sness does n %[ itself "h & !re 9 ! l9e ( ,roman ,pontiffs1 b "o & all1 :atev] _! individual *>act]s might be1 seem to h imbib$ x f ! atmosph]e :i* !y brea!d4 ,/4 ,victor1 & ,/4 ,/eph51 ,/4 ,innoc5t1 ,/4 ,leo ! ,great1 & ,/4 ,gregory1 are q ( "o m9d "h4 ,t !y 7 ! successors ( ,/4 ,pet]1 :o himself sat & rul$ & spoke 9 _! p]son1 0 z /rongly felt1 & z consi/5tly decl>$1 by ^? ,pontiffs :o prec$$ ! "t ( ,con/ant9e1 & :o _h cont9ually to pay ) _! blood ! price ( t high preem95ce1 z by ^? :o foll[$ ! conv]sion ( ! empire1 :5 ! hon\r ( _! po/ 0 n accompani$ by s mu* dang]4 ,we are speak+ n[1 be x rememb]$1 ( ! feel+ :i* possess$ !m4 ,! feel+ ( _! bro!r ,bi%ops conc]n+ !m may h be5 less def9ite1 z 0 natural3 b1 at lea/1 ev5 ^? :o mo/ oppos$ any arbitr>y /ret* ( au?ority on _! "p1 z ,/4 ,cyprian1 fully admitt$ t !y sat 9 ! ,see ( ,pet]1 & ord9>ily treat$ !m ) ! greate/ def]5ce4 ,?is is writt5 s v legibly ^u ! records ( antiquity1 t ,i am p]suad$ any "o1 :o is ev5 v slightly acqua9t$ ) !m1 _c ) s9c]ity dispute x4 ,i _c ?9k ,mr4 ,newman has ! lea/ ov]/at$ ! fact :5 he says1 ,fa9t !y 7! ante-,nic5e ,te/imonies to ! au?ority ( ! ,holy ,see7 may be "o by "o1 b at lea/ !y are v>i\s1 & are drawn f _m times & c\ntries1 & !reby s]ve to illu/rate ea* o!r1 & =m a body ( pro(4 ,?us1 ,/4 ,clem5t1 9 ! "n ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 writes a lett] to ! ,cor9?ians1 :5 !y 7 )\t a ,bi%op4 ,/4 ,ignatius1 ( ,antio*1 addresses ! ,roman ,*ur*1 & x only out ( ! ,*ur*es to :i* he writes1 z '! ,*ur* :i* has ! fir/ seat 9 ! place ( ! c\ntry ( ! ,romans4' ,/4 ,polyc>p1 ( ,smyrna1 betakes himself to ! ,bi%op ( ,rome on ! "q ( ,ea/]2 7b ! ,pope1 ,/4 ,anicetus1 & he1 n be+ able to agree z to ! rule ( keep+ ,ea/]1 agre$ to reta9 _! sev]al cu/oms2 a fact :i* is z mu* oppos$ to ! pres5t notion ( ! ,roman ,supremacy1 z any fact c well be47 ,! h]etic1 ,m>cion1 excommunicat$ 9 ,pontus1 betakes himself to ,rome4 ,sot]1 ,bi%op ( ,rome1 s5ds alms1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( 8 ,*ur*1 to ! ,*ur*es ?r\gh\t ! empire1 &1 9 ! words ( ,eusebius1 'affectionately exhort$ ^? :o came to ,rome1 z a fa!r 8 *ildr54' ,! ,montani/s1 f ,phrygia1 come to ,rome to ga9 ! c\nt5ance ( its ,bi%op4 ,praxeas1 f ,africa1 attempts ! l1 & = a :ile is successful4 ,/4 ,victor1 ,bi%op ( ,rome1 ?reat5s to excommunicate ! ,asian ,*ur*es4 ,/4 ,ir5aeus speaks ( ,rome1 z '! greate/ ,*ur*1 ! mo/ anci5t1 ! mo/ conspicu\s1 & f\nd$ & e/abli%$ by ,pet] & ,paul1' appeals to its tradition1 n 9 contra/1 inde$1 b 9 pref]5ce to t ( o!r ,*ur*es1 & decl>es t '9 ?is ,*ur* e ,*ur*--t is1 ! fai?ful f e side1 mu/ meet1' or 'agree toge!r1 propt] potiorem pr9cipalitatem4' ',o ,*ur*1 happy 9 its position1' says ,t]tullian1 'into :i* ! ,apo/les p\r$ out1 toge!r ) _! blood1 _! :ole doctr9e4' ,! ,presbyt]s ( ,/4 ,dionysius1 ,bi%op ( ,alex&ria1 compla9 ( 8 doctr9e to ,/4 ,dionysius1 ( ,rome2 ! latt] expo/ulates ) him1 & he expla9s4 ,! ,emp]or ,aurelian leaves 'to ! ,bi%ops ( ,italy & ( ,rome' ! decision1 :e!r or n ,paul1 ( ,samosata1 %all be dispossess$ ( ! see-h\se at ,antio*4 ,/4 ,cyprian speaks ( ,rome z '! ,see ( ,pet]1 & ! pr9cipal ,*ur*1 :5ce ! unity ( ! ,prie/hood took its rise1 444 ^: fai? has be5 comm5d$ by ! ,apo/les1 to :om fai?lessness c h no access4' ,/4 ,/eph5 refuses to receive ,/4 ,cyprian's deputation1 & sep>ates himself f v>i\s ,*ur*es ( ! ,ea/4 ,=tunatus & ,felix1 depos$ by ,/4 ,cyprian1 h rec\rse to ,rome4 ,basilides1 depos$ 9 ,spa91 betakes himself to ,rome1 & ga9s ! e> ( ,/4 ,/eph54#d ,x mu/ be obs]v$ t ! ext5t ( ?is au?ority1 9 ! ,*ief ,see1 has n be5 def9$2 b1 :atev] x 01 x did n int]f]e ) ! div9e "r ( ! ,bi%ops to gov]n ea* 9 8 own diocese4 ,!y d]iv$ _! au?ority by transmission f ! ,apo/les1 z ! ,bi%op ( ,rome f ,/4 ,pet]2 ! "o 0 z mu* recognis$ z ! o!r4 ,!y 7 n 8 delegates1 b 8 bre?r54 ,frat] & ,co-episcopus !y /yle him1 z he /yles !m1 = hundr$s ( ye>s aft] ! ,c\ncil ( ,nicea2 ow+ him1 inde$1 & will+ly r5d]+ him ! greate/ def]5ce1 b nev] s mu* z imag9+ t _! au?ority 0 d]iv$ f him4 ,?is fact1 too1 lies ^u ! face ( all antiquity1 & is almo/ too notori\s to ne$ pro(4 ,if1 h[ev]1 any be want$1 x is f\nd 9 ! names :i* ,bi%ops bore bo? !n1 & = a long "t aft]w>ds1 & 9 _! mode ( election & _! jurisdiction4 ,= _! names3 ,x mu/ fir/ be confess$1 says a v le>n$ ,roman ,ca?olic1 :o1 9 8 humility1 %runk f ! ,c>d9alate (f]$ to him = 8 s]vices to ! papal see1 t ! "n ( ,pope1 ( ,apo/le1 ( ,apo/olic ,prelate1 ( ,apo/olic ,see1 0 /ill common to all ,bi%ops1 ev5 dur+ ! ?ree c5turies :i* elaps$ f ! reign ( ,clovis to ! empire ( ,*>lemagne2 & he adds pres5tly3 ,^! augu/ names are n l ^? va9 & sup]ficial titles ) :i* ! pride ( m5 fe$s itself2 !y are ! solid m>ks ( a p[] entirely f ,heav51 & ( a hol9ess altoge!r ,div9e4#e ,inde$1 ! view :i* e :]e prevail$ 0 t s admirably express$ by ,/4 ,cyprian3 ,episcopatus unus e/1 cujus a s+ulis 9 solidum p>s t5etur4#f ,! ,episcopate is "o2 x is a :ole 9 :i* ea* enjoys full possession4 ,/4 ,isidore1 ( ,seville1 says3 ,s9ce also ! o!r ,apo/les receiv$ a l fell[%ip ( hon\r & p[] ) ,pet]1 :o also 7 scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w1 & prea*$ ! ,gospel2 :om1 at _! dep>ture1 ! ,bi%ops succe$$1 :o are e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w 9 ! seats ( ! ,apo/les4#g ,b ,pope ,symma*us 7,a4,d4 #dih-ead7 has express$ ! equality & unity ( ! ,episcopate & ,apo/olate betwe5 ! ,pope & all ,bi%ops1 by ! highe/ & mo/ sacr$ similitude :i* x is possible to conceive4 ,= inasmu* z aft] ! lik5ess ( ! ,tr9ity1 ^: p[] is "o & indivisible1 ! prie/hood is "o 9 ! h&s ( v>i\s prelates1 h[ suits x t ! /atutes ( ! m anci5t be brok5 by _! successors8#h ,we are told by ! same au?or3 ,pope ,hormisdas 7,a4,d4 #ead-ebc7 prescrib$1 & all ! ,bi%ops ( ! ea/ subscrib$1 aft] ! ,patri>* ,john ( ,con/ant9ople1 a =mul>y ( fai? & ( ,ca?olic ,communion1 :]e1 among o!r rem>kable po9ts1 ?is is wor?y ( p>ticul> att5tion3--t z all ,*ur*es make b "o ,*ur*1 s all ! ?rones ( ! ,apo/olate1 & all ! ,sees ( ! ,episcopate1 spread ?r\gh all ! e>?1 are b "o apo/olic see1 insep>able f ! see ( ,pet]4 ,?is is ! view ( ,/4 ,augu/91 express$ aga9 & aga9 9 8 writ+s1 especially :5 he is expla9+ ^? rem>kable words ( our ,"l to ,/4 ,pet]1 on :i* ,roman ,ca?olics gr\nd ! scriptural pro( ( 8 ,primacy4 ,= x is evid5t t ,pet]1 9 _m places ( ! ,scriptures1 repres5ts ! ,*ur*1 7p]sonam ge/et ,ecclesiae7 *iefly 9 t place :]e x is said1 ',i give unto !e ! keys ( ! k+dom ( ,heav54 ,:atsoev] ?\ %alt b9d on e>?1 %all be b\nd 9 ,heav53 & :atsoev] ?\ %alt loose on e>? %all be loos$ 9 ,heav54' ,:at6 did ,pet] receive ^? keys1 & ,paul n receive !m8 ,did ,pet] receive !m1 & ,john & ,james n receive !m1 & ! re/ ( ! ,apo/les8 ,or are n ^? keys 9 ! ,*ur*1 :]e s9s are daily remitt$8 ,b s9ce 9 mean+ h9t$1 b n express$1 79 significatione71 ,pet] 0 repres5t+ ! ,*ur*1 :at 0 giv5 to him s+ly1 0 giv5 to ! ,*ur*4 ,s1 !n1 ,pet] bore ! figure ( ! ,*ur*3 ! ,*ur* is ! body ( ,*ri/4#i ,s ,/4 ,*ryso/om3 ,b :5 ,i speak ( ,paul1 ,i mean n only him1 b also ,pet]1 & ,james1 & ,john1 & all _! *oir4 ,= z 9 a lyre !re are diff]5t /r+s1 b "o h>mony1 s1 too1 9 ! *oir ( ! ,apo/les1 !re 7 diff]5t p]sons1 b "o tea*+2 s9ce "o1 too1 0 ! ,musician1 ev5 ! ,holy ,_s1 :o mov$ _! s\ls4 ,& ,paul signify+ ?is1 said3 ',:e!r1 !re=e1 x 7 !y or ,i1 s we prea*4'#aj ,h[ little1 on ! "o h&1 ! pre-em95ce ( ,/4 ,pet]'s see d]ogat$ f ! apo/olicity ( o!r ,bi%ops1 or1 on ! o!r h&1 _! di/9ct desc5t & jurisdiction h9d]$ !m f pay+ due def]5ce to ! ,*ief ,see1 is app>5t likewise 9 ^! words ( ,/4 ,j]ome3 ,b1 y say1 ! ,*ur* is f\nd$ ^u ,pet]2 al?\gh1 9 ano!r place1 ?is self-same ?+ takes place ^u all ! ,apo/les1 & all receive ! keys ( ! k+dom ( ,heav51 & ! /r5g? ( ! ,*ur* is consolidat$ equally ^u !m3 nev]!less1 = ?is reason1 out ( ! twelve "o is select$1 t1 by ! appo9tm5t ( a head1 ! occasion ( ,s*ism may be tak5 away4#aa ,?omass9 d\bts :e!r at ! ,c\ncil ( ,nicea1 or ev5 at t ( ,antio*1 sixte5 ye>s aft]w>ds1 ! "n ev5 ( ,ar*bi%op 0 yet 9 use2 ! highe/ title us$ 9 ^? two ,c\ncils be+ t ( ,metropolitan4 ,/4 ,epiphanius quotes a lett] ( ,arius to ,alex&]1 ( ,alex&ria1 9 :i* he only gives him ! quality ( ,pope & ,bi%op1 b n[h]e t ( ,ar*bi%op4 ,s mu* = ! equality ( ! names ( ,bi%ops 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 :i* recognises ! ess5tial equality & unity ( _! (fice4 ,! laws 9 =ce respect+ _! consecration & jurisdiction are z decisive4 ,e ,bi%op1 aft] be+ elect$ by ! ,cl]gy & p1 & ! assembl$ prov9cial ,bi%ops1 0 consecrat$ by ! ,metropolitan ( 8 prov9ce1 except1 inde$1 9 ! ,patri>*ate ( ,alex&ria1 :]e ! ,primate1 z we h se51 & n ! ,metropolitans "u him1 consecrat$ all ,bi%ops4 ,:]e a ,metropolitan _h no imm$iate sup]ior1 9 case ( a vacancy1 ! ,bi%ops ( 8 own prov9ce consecrat$ him1 z 9 ! case ( ,c>?age4 ,:atev] might be ! p>ticul> privileges ( ,patri>*s & ,metropolitans1 z a g5]al rule1 no "o ,bi%op _h direct jurisdiction 9 ! diocese ( ano!r4 ,! ,bi%ops ( ! great sees1 specially ,rome1 ,alex&ria1 & ,antio*1 ann\nc$ _! accession to ea* o!r1 toge!r ) a pr(ession ( ! or?odox fai?4 ,b z = any jurisdiction emanat+ f ,rome to ! great ,bi%ops ( ! ea/1 su* a ?+ 0 nev] ev5 imag9$4 ,let u ev5 re/ ! :ole "q on ?is important po9t1 = x is absolutely necess>y to ! ,papal !ory2 & ,i d n ?9k any ve/ige ( su* a doctr9e c be f\nd 9 ! fir/ six c5turies4 ,at lea/1 let x be %[n2 =1 to ass]t x 9 ! face ( ,canons :i* imply a sy/em ! v rev]se ( x1 is m]ely begg+ ! :ole "q4 ,t 9 cases ( difficulty1 or disput$ succession1 or h]esy1 or s*ism1 ! voice ( ! ,bi%op ( ,rome w\ld h great weight1 is1 inde$1 indisputable4 ,:5 ! %ip ( ! ,*ur* 0 9 di/ress1 :om %\ld we expect to see at ! rudd] b ,/4 ,pet]8 ,?us ,/4 ,j]ome1 himself baptiz$ at ,rome1 naturally looks to ,rome 9 ?is difficulty4 ,mr4 ,newman says3#ab ,! divisions at ,antio* _h ?r[n ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* into a rem>kable position2 !re 7 two ,bi%ops 9 ! see1 "o 9 connexion ) ! ,ea/1 & ! o!r ) ,egypt & ! ,we/1--) :i*1 !n1 0 ,ca?olic ,communion8 ,/4 ,j]ome has no d\bt ^u ! subject4 ,writ+ to ,/4 ,damasus1 he says3 ',s9ce ! ,ea/ te>s into pieces ! ,"l's coat1 & foxes lay wa/e ! v9ey>d ( ,*ri/1 s t among brok5 ci/]ns1 :i* hold no wat]1 x is difficult to und]/& :]e ! seal$ f\nta9 & ! g>d5 inclos$ is1 !re=e by me is ! *air ( ,/4 ,pet] to be consult$1 & t fai? :i* is prais$ by ! ,apo/le's m\?1 !nce n[ seek+ food = my s\l :]e ( old ,i receiv$ ! robe ( ,*ri/4 ,:il/ ! bad *ildr5 h wa/$ _! goods1 ! inh]itance ( ! ,fa!rs is pres]v$ uncorrupt among y alone4 ,!re ! e>? f its f]tile bosom returns ! pure se$ ( ! ,"l a hundr$ fold3 "h ! gra9 buri$ 9 ! furr[s deg5]ates into d>nell & t>es4 ,at pres5t ! ,sun ( ,righte\sness rises 9 ! ,we/2 b 9 ! ,ea/ t fall5 ,lucif] ha? plac$ 8 ?rone4 ,y are ! light ( ! _w3 y ! salt ( ! e>?3 y ! vessels ( gold & silv]3 b "h ! vessels ( e>? or wood await ! iron rod & ! et]nal flame4' ,!re=e1 ?\gh y\r greatness t]rifies me1 yet y\r k9dness invites me4 ,f ! ,prie/ ! sacrifice claims salvation2 f ! ,%eph]d ! %eep claims protection4 ,let u speak )\t (f5ce3 ,i c\rt n ! ,roman height3 ,i speak ) ! successor ( ! ,fi%]man1 & ! disciple ( ! ,cross4 ,i1 :o foll[ none z my *ief b ,*ri/1 am associat$ 9 communion ) ?y bless$ness2 t is1 ) ! ,see ( ,pet]4 ,on t rock ! ,*ur* is built ,i "k4 ,:oso %all eat ! ,lamb outside t h\se is pr(ane4444 ,i "k n ,vitalis 7! ,apoll9>ian72 ,meletius ,i reject2 ,i am ignorant ( ,paul9us4 ,:oso ga!re? n ) !e1 scatt]e?2 t is1 he :o is n ( ,*ri/ is ( ,anti*ri/4#ac ,consid]+ all ! circum/ances ( ! case1 no "o c wond] at ,/4 ,j]ome's application4 ,:5 x is rememb]$ t ! ,roman ,see1 up to t "t1 _h be5 free f all suspicion ( h]esy1 & t ! ,arian controv]sy 0 ! "o 9 "q1 & t he himself1 ( full manhood1 _h be5 baptiz$1 & _h liv$ at ,rome1 ! =ce ( 8 language is h>dly surpris+4 ,8 words c]ta9ly prove1 :at1 ,i suppose1 no /ud5t ( antiquity c d\bt1 ! ,primacy ( ! ,roman ,see3 b c\ld !re be a great] unfairness ?an to apply _! b>e lett] to a /ate ( ?+s totally *ang$8 or to consid] expressions prov+ ! primacy ( ,rome1 z claim$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 to prove equally a supremacy z claim$ 9 ! n9ete5?1 :i* is z diff]5t f ! =m] z "o ?+ c well be f ano!r4 ,?is v ,/4 ,meletius1 a man ( pre-em95t sanctity ( life1 ! orda9] ( ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 dies1 x w\ld appe>1 out ( communion ) ,rome1 & has ev] be5 acc\nt$ a sa9t 9 ! ,we/]n z well z 9 ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*4 ,b to recur to ! po9t ( jurisdiction at ! "t ( ! ,nic5e ,c\ncil4 ,x is beyond "q1 bo? f ! acts ( t ,c\ncil1 & f ! ,apo/olic ,canons1 :i* repres5t ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* 9 ! second & ?ird c5turies1 t1 :atev] ! pre-em95ce ( ,rome might consi/ 91 !re 0 no claim :atev] to conf] jurisdiction on ,bi%ops out ( ! ,roman ,patri>*ate1 !n compris+ ,italy1 s\? ( ,milan1 & ,sicily4 ,ev5 diff]5ces1 any :]e aris+1 7 to be settl$ 9 ,prov9cial ,c\ncils4 ,x is necess>y to "k1 t1 up to ! ,c\ncil ( ,nicea1 all ecclesia/ical affairs _h be5 t]m9at$ 9 ! ,c\ncils ( ea* ,prov9ce2 & !re _h be5 b v few occasions 9 :i* x _h be5 necess>y to convoke an assembly ( sev]al ,prov9ces4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,nicea1 ev51 only speaks ( ,prov9cial ,c\ncils1 & ord]s t all ?+s %\ld be settl$ !re94#ad ,! te/imony & conduct ( ,/4 ,cyprian w illu/rate ! ,roman ,primacy1 to :i* ,mr4 ,newman claims him z a witness4 ,& su* he is beyond d\bt4 ,9 8 fifty-fif? lett]1 :i* beg9s1 ,cyprian to 8 bro!r ,cornelius1 greet+2 he compla9s bitt]ly to t ,pope t ,felicissimus & 8 p>ty d>e to set sail1 & to c>ry a lett] f s*ismatical & pr(ane p]sons to ! see ( ,pet]1 & to ! pr9cipal ,*ur*1 :5ce ! unity ( ! prie/hood took its rise2 nor consid] t !y are ! ,romans ^: fai? _h be5 prais$ by ! prea*+ ( ! ,apo/le1 to :om fai?lessness c h no access4 ,?is ,mr4 ,newman consid]s a pretty /rong te/imony 9 8 cumulative argum5t = ! au?ority ( ,rome4 ,x w\ld be z well1 h[ev]1 to g on a little fur!r1 & see :at 0 ! cause ( ,/4 ,cyprian's vehem5t indignation4 ,x 01 t ,felicissimus v5tur$ to appeal to ,pope ,cornelius1 :5 8 cause _h already be5 he>d & settl$ by ,/4 ,cyprian1 at ,c>?age4 ,b :at 0 ! cause ( _! com+ & ann\nc+ t a ,pseudo-,bi%op _h be5 made aga9/ ! ,bi%ops8 ,=1 ei!r !y are satisfi$ ) :at !y h done1 & p]sev]e 9 _! crime1 or1 if !y are dissatisfi$1 & give way1 !y "k :i!r !y may return4 ,=1 s9ce x has be5 det]m9$ by all ( u1 & is bo? equitable & j1 t ! cause ( e "o be he>d !re :]e ! crime has be5 committ$1 & to e %eph]d a portion ( ! flock is allott$1 :i* ea* "o rules & gov]ns1 z he is to give an acc\nt ( 8 do+s to ! ,"l1 x is c]ta9ly behov+ t ^? ov] :om we preside %\ld n run ab\t1 nor break ! close h>mony ( ,bi%ops ) _! deceitful & fallaci\s ra%ness1 b %\ld plead _! cause :]e !y may f9d bo? accus]s & witnesses ( _! crime2 unless to a few desp]ate & ab&on$ m5 ! au?ority ( ! ,bi%ops seat$ 9 ,africa seem less1 :o h already judg$ conc]n+ !m1 & h lately condemn$1 by ! weight ( _! s5t5ce1 _! consci5ce1 b\nd by _m sn>es ( crimes4 ,_! cause has be5 already he>d1 _! s5t5ce already pron\nc$2 nor is x becom+ to ! judgm5t ( prie/s to be repreh5d$ by ! levity ( a fickle & incon/ant m9d1 :5 ! ,"l tea*es & says1 ',let y\r conv]sation be yea1 yea2 nay1 nay4' ,let any c&id p]son say1 :e!r he :o s wrote to "o :om he ackn[l$g$ z ! successor ( ,/4 ,pet]1 c\ld h imag9$ t !re 0 a ,div9e "r 9 t successor to re-he> n only ?is1 b all o!r causes2 to rev]se all previ\s judgm5ts ( 8 ,bre?r5 by 8 s+le au?ority2 nay1 m1 to conf] on all ^? ,bre?r5 _! jurisdiction by ! grace ( ! ,apo/olic ,see4#ae ,ano!r lett] ( ,/4 ,cyprian to ano!r ,pope1 ,/4 ,/eph51 w set =? bo? 8 view ( ! ,primacy1 & ( ! ,episcopal relation to x4 ,he wi%es ,/4 ,/eph5 to write a lett] to ! p ( ,arles1 by :i* _! actual ,bi%op ,m>cian1 :o _h jo9$ himself to ! s*ismatic ,novatian1 might be excommunicat$1 & ano!r sub/itut$ = him4 ,?is alone %[s h[ great ! au?ority ( ! ,bi%op ( ,rome 9 su* an em]g5cy 04 ,b ! tone ( 8 language is wor? consid]+4 ,x is j su* incid5ts z ^! :i* are made use ( by ,roman ,ca?olic controv]siali/s 9 late times to ju/ify ! full ext5t ( ,papal p[] n[ claim$4#af ,cyprian to 8 bro!r ,/eph51 greet+4 ,fau/9us1 our colleague at ,lyons1 de>e/ bro!r1 ha? m ?an once writt5 to me1 signify+ :at ,i "k has c]ta9ly be5 report$ to y also1 bo? by him1 & by ! re/ ( our bro!r-,bi%ops1 9 t prov9ce1 t ,m>cian ( ,arles1 has jo9$ himself to ,novatian1 & has dep>t$ f ! unity ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & f ! agreem5t ( our body & prie/hood4444 ,?is matt] x is our duty to provide aga9/ & rem$y1 mo/ de> bro!r1 we1 :o consid]+ ! ,div9e clem5cy1 & hold+ ! balance ( ! ,*ur*'s gov]nm5t1 s exhibit to s9n]s our vigor\s c5sure z n to d5y ! m$ic9e ( ,div9e goodness & m]cy to ! re/oration ( ! fall5 & ! heal+ ( ! w\nd$4 ,:]e=e x behoves y to write a v explicit lett] to our fell[ ,bi%ops 9 ! ,gauls1 t !y may n any long] suff] our ord] 7collegio no/ro7 to be insult$ by ,m>cian1 ob/9ate1 haughty1 ! enemy bo? ( piety to ,god1 & ( 8 bre?r5's salvation4444 ,=1 !re=e1 mo/ de> bro!r1 is ! num]\s body ( prie/s jo9$ toge!r 9 mutual concord1 & ! bond ( unity1 t if any "o ( our ord] attempt to make a h]esy1 & to sev] & lay wa/e ! flock ( ,*ri/1 ! re/ may fly to ! rescue1 &1 l useful & m]ciful %eph]ds1 collect ! ,"l's %eep into a flock4444 ,=1 al?\gh we are _m %eph]ds1 yet we fe$ "o flock2 & we ought to collect & *]i% all ^? %eep :i* ,*ri/ s\ght ) ,8 own blood & passion4444 ,= we mu/ pres]ve ! glori\s hon\r ( our pr$ecessors1 ! bless$ ,m>tyrs1 ,cornelius & ,lucius1 7! la/ ,popes17 ^: memory we inde$ hon\r1 b :i* y mu* m1 mo/ de> bro!r1 :o are become _! successor1 ought to di/+ui% & pres]ve by y\r weight & au?ority4 ,= !y be+ full ( ! _s ( ,god1 & made glori\s m>tyrs1 det]m9$ t reconciliation 0 to be grant$ to ! laps$1 & set d[n 9 _! lett]s1 t1 aft] a c\rse ( p5it5ce1 ! advantage ( communion & peace 0 n to be refus$ !m4 ,:i* ?+ we all h ev]y:]e entirely det]m9$4 ,= !re c\ld n be 9 u a diff]5ce ( judgm5t 9 :om !re is ,"o ,_s4 ,n[1 might x n be /at$1 t ,/4 ,cyprian wrote to ,pope ,/eph51 to reque/ him to depose ,m>cian1 ,bi%op ( ,arles8 ,b h[ mu* is ! inf]5ce f ?is fact modifi$ by ! language ( ,cyprian himself8 ,x is j su* a lett] z an ,ea/]n ,primate w\ld h writt5 to ! ,patri>* ( ,alex&ria1 or ( ,antio*1 to reque/ 8 int]f]5ce at a dang]\s juncture4 ,x be>s witness1 n to ! pres5t ,papal1 b to ! ,patri>*al1 sy/em4 ,x tallies exactly ) ! _s ( him :o wrote else:]e1 to ! laps$1 ,our ,"l1 ^: precepts & w>n+s we are b\nd to obs]ve1 regulat+ ! hon\r ( ! ,bi%op1 & ! con/itution ( 8 ,*ur*1 speaks 9 ! ,gospel1 & says to ,pet]1 ',i say unto !e t ?\ art ,pet]1' c4 ,!nce1 accord+ to ! *ange ( times & successions1 ! ord9ation ( ,bi%ops & ! con/itution ( ! ,*ur* has desc5d$1 s t ! ,*ur* is e/abli%$ ^u ! ,bi%ops1 & e act ( ! ,*ur* is direct$ by ! same1 its gov]nors4 ,?is be+ e/abli%$ by ,div9e law1#ag c4 ,x is evid5t t1 if ! see ( ,pet]1 s (t5 ref]r$ to by ,/4 ,cyprian1 means ! local see ( ,rome1 x also means ! see ( e ,bi%op :o holds t (fice1 :]e( ,pet] is ! great type1 example1 & s\rce4 ,b x 0 res]v$ = a m celebrat$ controv]sy1 fully to br+ out ,/4 ,cyprian's view ( ! relation ( ! ,bi%op ( ,rome to ! re/ ( ! ,episcopal body3 ,i mean1 ( c\rse1 ! controv]sy :e!r h]etics %\ld be admitt$ into ! ,*ur* by rebaptization or by ! imposition ( h&s4 ,i mo/ fully believe1 be x obs]v$1 t ,cyprian ackn[l$g$ ! ,roman ,primacy1 t he admitt$ c]ta9 high pr]ogatives to be lodg$ 9 ! ,roman ,pontiff1 z ,/4 ,pet]'s successor1 :i* did n belong to any o!r ,bi%op4 ,x is ?is v ?+ :i* makes 8 conduct ! m rem>kable4 ,he took a v /rong view on "o side ( ! controv]sy 9 "q3 & ,/4 ,/eph5 took an equally /rong "o on ! o!r4 ,/4 ,/eph51 we all "k1 turn$ out to be "r4 ,t f]v5t ,pontiff1 x may be rem>k$1 :5 ,/4 ,cyprian w\ld n give up 8 view1 seem$ incl9$ to treat him mu* z ,/4 ,gregory ! ,sev5? did a refractory ,emp]or1 or ,/4 ,innoc5t ! ,?ird1 ! da/>d tyrant ,john4 ,?is may be v satisfactory to ! mod]n def5d]s ( ,papal omnipot5ce1 b ,/4 ,cyprian's conduct is n s at all4 ,/4 ,cyprian call$ a ,c\ncil ( ,bi%ops ( ! prov9ces ( ,c>?age & ,numidia2 !y att5d$ to ! numb] ( sev5ty-"o1 & decid$ t h]etics %\ld be rebaptiz$4 ,/4 ,cyprian in=ms ! ,pope ( ! decision ( himself & 8 colleagues4 ,aft] say+ t !y _h f\nd x necess>y to hold a c\ncil1 he proce$s--#ah;,b ,i ?\ght ,i ought to write to y & conf] ) y\r gravity & wisdom conc]n+ t especially :i* mo/ belongs to ! au?ority ( ! prie/hood1 & to ! unity alike & dignity ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* d]iv$ f ! ord]+ ( a ,div9e disposition4444 ,?is1 mo/ de> ,bro!r1 we h br\ght to y\r k on acc\nt bo? ( ! hon\r we %>e ) y1 & ( our s+le-he>t$ affection1 believ+ t :at is bo? religi\s & true is acceptable to y also accord+ to y\r true religion & fai?4 ,b we "k t "s are unwill+ to give up an op9ion !y h once imbib$1 nor easily *ange _! m9d2 b1 )\t int]ruption to ! bonds ( peace & concord ) _! colleagues1 reta9 c]ta9 peculi>ities :i* h once gr[n into usage among !mselves4 7,su* is ! mann] 9 :i* ,/4 ,cyprian m5tions a judgm5t delib]ately express$ by a ,pope on a matt] ( high discipl9e1 :i* involv$ a po9t ( fai?47 ,9 :i* matt] we too d viol5ce & give ! law to no "o1 inasmu* z e ,bi%op has ! free *oice ( 8 own w 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,*ur*1 z he w give an acc\nt ( 8 acts to ! ,"l4 ,/4 ,/eph5 receiv$ ?is decision ( ! ,african ,c\ncil s ill1 t he w\ld n ev5 see ! ,bi%ops :o br\ght x1 nor all[ ! fai?ful to (f] !m common hospitality4 ,s important 9 8 eyes 0 ! matt] 9 dispute4 ,/4 ,cyprian reports 8 answ] 9 a lett] to 8 ,bro!r-,bi%op ,pompeius1 9 :i* he says1 #ai;,al?\gh we h fully embrac$ all t is to be said conc]n+ ! baptiz+ ( h]etics1 9 ! lett]s ( :i* we h s5t to y copies1 mo/ de> ,bro!r1 yet1 because y desir$ to be in=m$ :at answ] our ,bro!r ,/eph5 s5t me to our lett]s1 ,i s5d y a copy ( 8 rescript1 aft] read+ :i* y w m & m m>k 8 error1 :o attempts to ass]t ! cause ( h]etics aga9/ ,*ri/ians & aga9/ ! ,*ur* ( ,god4 ,= among/ o!r ei!r pr\d or imp]t95t or inconsi/5t rem>ks1 :i* he has writt5 ra%ly & improvid5tly1 c4444 ,b :at bl9dness ( m9d is x1 :at p]v]s5ess to refuse to recognise ! unity ( ! fai? com+ f ,god ! ,fa!r & ! tradition ( ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l & ,god4444 ,b s9ce no h]esy at all1 nor inde$ any s*ism1 c possess outside 7! ,body7 ! sanctification ( sav+ baptism1 :y has ! h>% ob/9acy ( our ,bro!r ,/eph5 bur/ =? to su* a degree8 c4444 ,does he give hon\r to ,god1 :o1 ! fri5d ( h]etics & ! enemy ( ,*ri/ians1 deems ! prie/s ( ,god1 ma9ta9+ ! tru? ( ,*ri/ & ! unity ( ! ,*ur*1 wor?y ( excommunication8 ,/4 ,/eph5 _h inflict$ ?is on ! ,african prelates1 until !y %\ld give up _! judgm5t on ! po9t 9 "q4444 ,nor ought ! cu/om1 :i* has crept 9 among c]ta9 p]sons1 to h9d] tru? f prevail+ & conqu]+4 ,= cu/om )\t tru? is b old error4444 ,b x is hurri$ away by presumption & contumacy t a p]son r def5ds 8 own p]v]s5ess & falsity ?an acc$es to ! "r & tru? ( ano!r4 ,:i* ?+ ! bless$ apo/le ,paul =esee+1 writes to ,timo?y & w>ns1 t a ,bi%op mu/ n be qu>relsome1 nor cont5ti\s1 b g5tle & tea*able4 ,n[ he is tea*able1 :o is mild & g5tle to le>n pati5tly4 ,= a ,bi%op ought n only to tea*1 b also to le>n1 because he tea*es bett] :o daily improves & pr(its by le>n+ bett]4 ,ev5 z we copy ?is language us$ conc]n+ a ,pope by a great ,bi%op & ,m>tyr ( ! ?ird c5tury1 :o else:]e writes1 #bj,t our ,"l built ,8 ,*ur* ^u ,pet] alone1 & ?\gh ,he gave to all ! apo/les an equal p[]1 yet 9 ord] to manife/ unity ,he has by ,8 own au?ority s plac$ ! s\rce ( ! same unity z to beg9 f "o2 we feel ! contra/ to be almo/ ov]p[]+ ) ! tone 9 :i* ! fir/ ,patri>* ( ! ,lat9 ,*ur*1 h[ev] good 8 cause might be1 w\ld n[ v5ture to address ! ,supreme ,pontiff4 ,t[>ds ! conclusion ( ?is lett] he says1 in/ead ( admitt+ t ! ,pope's judgm5t t]m9at$ ! matt]--,?is n[ ! prie/s ( ,god ought to d1 pres]v+ ! ,div9e precepts1 s t if 9 any?+ tru? has be5 %ak5 & tott]$1 we may return to ! f\nta9-head ( ! ,"l1 & to ! evangelical & apo/olical tradition1 & t ! rule ( our act+ may spr+ !nce1 :5ce its ord] & orig9 arose4 ,aft] receiv+ ! ,pope's rescript1 & 8 excommunication1 ,/4 ,cyprian convok$ ano!r ,c\ncil ( ! ?ree prov9ces ( ,africa1 ,numidia1 & ,mauritania1 :i* 0 held at ,c>?age on ! #a/ ( ,sept4 #bef4 ,x 0 att5d$ by eighty-five ,bi%ops1 among :om 7 fifte5 ,confessors1 beside ,prie/s & ,deacons1 & a great "p ( ! p4 ,/4 ,cyprian op5$ x1 obs]v+3 ,x rema9s = u ea* to deliv] our s5tim5ts on ?is matt]1 judg+ no "o1 nor remov+ any "o1 if he be ( a diff]5t op9ion1 f ! "r ( ,communion4 ,= no "o ( u sets himself up to be a ,bi%op ( ,bi%ops1 or by fe> ( 8 tyranny compels 8 colleagues to ! necessity ( ob$i5ce1 s9ce e ,bi%op accord+ to 8 recognis$ lib]ty & p[] possesses a free *oice1 & c no m be judg$ by ano!r ?an he himself c judge ano!r4 ,b let u all await ! judgm5t ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o s+ly & alone has ! p[] bo? ( sett+ u up 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ,8 ,*ur*1 & ( judg+ our proce$+s4#ba ,! ,bi%ops deliv]$ _! judgm5ts s]iatim1 f9i%+ ) ,/4 ,cyprian1 & unanim\sly ratifi$ :at !y _h agre$ ^u be=e1 t h]etics %\ld be admitt$ into ! ,*ur* by baptism1 & n m]ely by ! imposition ( h&s3 & ?us an ,african ,c\ncil ( ! ?ird c5tury treat$ a judgm5t ( ! ,pope1 & 8 s5t5ce ( excommunication until !y alt]$ _! practice4 ,b ^! la/ words ( ,/4 ,cyprian are s rem>kable 9 !mselves1 & h su* a be>+ on ! pres5t ,papal claims1 t !y des]ve fur!r notice4 ,n[1 le/ we %\ld imag9e t ,/4 ,cyprian 0 hurri$ away by ! ard\r ( 8 def5ce ( a fav\rite doctr9e1 & 8 s5se ( ! ,pope's sev]ity1 into unju/ifiable expressions conc]n+ ! rights ( ,bi%ops1 x s happ5s t we possess ! comm5t ( ! greate/ ( ! ,fa!rs on ^! v words4 ,/4 ,augu/91 writ+ #adj ye>s aft]1 & fully agree+ ) ! judgm5t ( ,pope ,/eph51 z _h ! :ole ,*ur* f9ally1 quotes ! :ole passage4 ',x rema9s = u ea* to deliv] our s5tim5ts on ?is matt]1 judg+ no "o1 nor remov+ any "o1 if he be ( a diff]5t op9ion1 f ! "r ( communion4'#bb ,!re he n only p]mits me )\t loss ( communion fur!r to seek ! tru?1 b ev5 to be ( a diff]5t judgm5t4 ',= no "o ( u1' sai? he1 'sets himself up to be a ,bi%op ( ,bi%ops1 or by fe> ( 8 tyranny compels 8 colleagues to ! necessity ( ob$i5ce4' ,:at c be m g5tle8 ,:at m humble8 ,c]ta9ly no au?ority det]s u f seek+ :at is ! tru?3 's9ce1' he says1 'e ,bi%op accord+ to 8 recognis$ lib]ty & p[] possesses a free *oice1 & c no m be judg$ by ano!r ?an he himself c judge ano!r3' c]ta9ly1 ,i imag9e1 9 ^? que/ions :i* h n yet be5 ?or\ghly & completely settl$4 ,= he knew h[ great & my/]i\s a sacram5t ! :ole ,*ur* 0 !n ) v>i\s reason+s consid]+1 & he left op5 a fre$om ( inquiry1 t ! tru? might by se>* be laid op54444 ,i _c by any means be induc$ to believe t ,cyprian1 a ,ca?olic ,bi%op1 a ,ca?olic ,m>tyr1 & ! great] he 0 ! m 9 e respect humbl+ himself1 t he might f9d grace be=e ,god1 did1 especially 9 a holy ,c\ncil ( 8 colleagues1 utt] ) 8 m\? o!r ?an :at he c>ri$ 9 8 he>t1 p>ticul>ly z he adds--',b let u all await ! judgm5t ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o s+ly & alone has ! p[] bo? ( sett+ u up 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ,8 ,*ur*1 & ( judg+ our proce$+s4' ,"u appeal !n to s great a judgm5t1 expect+ to he> ! tru? f 8 colleagues1 %\ld he (f] !m ! fir/ example ( falsehood8 ,god av]t su* a madness f any ,*ri/ian1 h[ mu* m f ,cyprian4 ,we possess !n a free p[] ( inquiry1 admitt$ u by ,cyprian's own mo/ g5tle & true language4 ,:o c conclude o!rwise ?an t ,/4 ,augu/9 9 ! ye> #djj1 z ,/4 ,cyprian 9 ! ye> #bef1 0 utt]ly ignorant ( any su* p[] z is n[ claim$ = ! ,see ( ,rome1 "u cov] ( t orig9al ,primacy to :i* bo? ^! great sa9ts h borne indubitable witness8 ,= ! words ( ,/4 ,cyprian1 atte/$ & approv$ by ,/4 ,augu/91 conta9 ! mo/ explicit d5ial ( t p[] lodg$ 9 ! see ( ,rome z di/9ct f an ,oecum5ical ,c\ncil1 by :i* alone1 if at all1 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& has be5 decl>$ s*ismatical & excommunicate4 ,^! are ,bi%ops ( ! ,we/ speak+1 b ! ,ea/ also mu/ give its voice4 ,/4 ,dionysius ( ,alex&ria1 & _m o!r ,ea/]n ,prelates1 among ! re/ ,firmilian1 ,metropolitan ( ,ces>ea1 9 ,cappadocia1 support$ ,/4 ,cyprian on ! "q ( rebaptization4 ,! latt] _h be5 in=m$ ( ,/4 ,/eph5's /rong judgm5t & decid$ proce$+s 9 ! matt]1 :o _h ?reat5$ to sep>ate ! ,bi%ops ( ! ,ea/ also f 8 communion1 if !y did n comply ) 8 rule4 ,firmilian wrote a long lett] to ,cyprian1 :i* conta9s v rem>kable expressions4 ,he alludes 9 x m ?an once to ! ,primacy ( ,/4 ,pet]1 & to t ( ,/eph5 z desc5d+ f him4 #bc;,b :at is ! error1 & h[ great ! bl9dness ( him 7i4e4 ! ,pope7 :o says1 remission ( s9s c be giv5 9 ! meet+s ( h]etics1 nor rema9s 9 ! f\ndation ( ! "o ,*ur* :i* 0 once fix$ by ,*ri/ ^u ! rock1 may be h5ce und]/ood1 because to ,pet] alone ,*ri/ said1 ,:atsoev] ?\ %alt b9d on e>? %all be b\nd 9 heav51 & :atsoev] ?\ %alt loose on e>? %all be loos$ 9 heav52 & aga91 9 ! ,gospel1 :5 on ! ,apo/les alone ,*ri/ brea!d & said1 ,receive ! ,holy ,gho/3 ^: s9s ye remit !y are remitt$1 & ^: ye reta91 !y are reta9$4 ,!re=e ! p[] ( remitt+ s9s 0 giv5 to ! ,apo/les & ! ,*ur*es :i* !y1 be+ s5t by ,*ri/1 set up1 & to ! ,bi%ops :o h succe$$ !m by ord9ation 9 _! /ead4444 ,& "h ,i am ju/ly indignant at ?is s op5 & manife/ folly ( ,/eph51 because1 glory+ z he does 9 ! rank ( 8 ,episcopate1 & ma9ta9+ t he holds ! succession ( ,pet]1 ^u :om ! f\ndations ( ! ,*ur* 7 laid1 he introduces _m o!r rocks1 & sets up new build+s ( _m ,*ur*es1 :ile he affirms1 on 8 own au?ority1 t ,baptism is 9 !m4444 ,nor does he p]ceive t ! tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian rock is cl\d$ ov] by him1 & 9 a mann] aboli%$1 :o ?us betrays & des]ts unity4444 ,y ,africans c say aga9/ ,/eph51 t1 :5 ! tru? became kn[n to y1 y rel9qui%$ an errone\s cu/om4 ,b we jo9 cu/om also to tru?1 & to ! cu/om ( ! ,romans oppose a cu/om inde$1 b t ( tru?1 hold+ f ! beg9n+ ?is :i* has be5 deliv]$ d[n f ,*ri/1 & f ! ,apo/les4 ,he _h said be=e1 ,"o may "k t ^? :o are at ,rome d n 9 all ?+s obs]ve :at has be5 deliv]$ d[n f ! beg9n+1 & va9ly allege ! au?ority ( ! ,apo/les1 ev5 by ?is1 t 9 celebrat+ ,ea/]1 & 9 _m o!r sacr$ rites1 "o may see !re is among !m c]ta9 v>iations2 nor are all ?+s !re kept z !y are kept at ,j]usalem2 j z 9 v _m o!r prov9ces also1 accord+ to ! div]sity ( places & names1 !re are v>iations2 nor yet on ?is acc\nt h ! peace & unity ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ev] be5 dep>t$ f4 ,:i* n[ ,/eph5 has d>$ to d1 break+ peace t[>ds y1 :i* 8 pr$ecessors always kept ) y1 9 reciprocal love & hon\r2 ca/+1 too1 %ameful reproa* 7infamans7 on ! bless$ ,apo/les1 ,pet] & ,paul1 z if !y _h h&$ ?is d[n1 c4 ,! lett] concludes ) an apo/rophe to ,/eph51 :i* only a reg>d to tru? induces u to quote1 s pa9ful is its vehem5ce1 ?\gh x proves ex abundanti ! po9t we are ^u3 ,& ,/eph5 is n a%am$ to ass]t ?is1 t remission ( s9s c be giv5 ?r\gh ^? :o are !mselves 9 all _! s9s4444 ,b ?\ art worse ?an all h]etics2 = :il/ _m1 ackn[l$g+ _! error1 come to !e !nce to receive ! true light ( ! ,*ur*1 ?\ assi/e/ ! errors ( ^? s com+4444 ,nor und]/&e/ t _! s\ls w be dem&$ at ?y h&1 :5 ! day ( judgm5t is come1 :o to ! ?ir/+ ha/ d5i$ ! ,*ur*'s draught1 & ha/ be5 ! cause ( dea? to ^? :o w\ld live4 ,& moreov] ?\ art indignant6 ,see ) :at ignorance ?\ v5ture/ to c5sure ^? :o /rive = ! tru? aga9/ falsehood4 ,= :o _h mo/ "r to be angry at ano!r2 he :o supports ! enemies ( ,god1 or he :o argues = ! tru? ( ! ,*ur* aga9/ him :o supports ,god's enemies8 except t x is evid5t t ! ignorant are also passionate & wra?ful1 :il/1 ?r\gh lack ( wisdom & disc\rse1 !y readily betake !mselves to passion1 s t x is ( none o!r ?an !e t ,holy ,scripture says1 ',! passionate man prep>es qu>rels1 & ! wra?ful man heaps up s9s2' = :at qu>rels & diss5sions ha/ ?\ caus$ ?r\gh ! ,*ur*es ( ! :ole _w6 ,b h[ great a s9 ha/ ?\ heap$ ^u ?yself1 :5 ?\ did/ cut ?yself (f f s _m flocks2 = ?\ ha/ de/roy$ ?yself4 ,d n be deceiv$4 ,s9ce he is ! true s*ismatic :o has made himself an apo/ate f ! communion ( ! ,*ur*'s on5ess2 = :il/ ?\ do/ fancy t all c be excommunicat$ by !e1 ?\ ha/ excommunicat$ ?yself alone f all4444 ,?is salut>y advice ( ! ,apo/le h[ dilig5tly ha? ,/eph5 fulfill$6 pres]v+ humility ( feel+ & l5ity1 9 8 fir/ rank1 7primo 9 loco47 ,= :at c\ld be m humble or g5tle1 ?an to h disagre$ ) s _m ,bi%ops ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w1 break+ peace ) "o & ! o!r on v>i\s gr\nds ( discord1 n[ ) ! ,ea/]n1 z we are sure y are aw>e1 n[ ) y 9 ! ,s\?2 episcopal deputies f :om he receiv$ ) su* pati5ce & mildness1 t he did n ev5 admit !m to an int]view2 moreov]1 s m9dful ( ! claims ( *>ity & affection1 t he *>g$ ! :ole bro!rhood1 t no "o %\ld receive !m into 8 h\se8 c4 ,conc]n+ ?is rem>kable hi/ory1 ,fleury says3#bd ,x is n kn[n :at 0 !n ! issue ( ?is dispute4 ,x is c]ta9 t x /ill cont9u$ "u ,pope ,sa9t ,sixtus1 successor ( ,/4 ,/eph53 ?is is se5 by ! lett]s t ,/4 ,dionysius ( ,alex&ria wrote him2 & x does n appe> t ,/4 ,cyprian or ,firmilian *ang$ _! m9d4 7,s t ,/4 ,cyprian di$ "u excommunication f ,pope ,/eph547 ,/ill ,/4 ,cyprian is c\nt$ among ! mo/ illu/ri\s m>tyrs1 ev5 9 ! ,roman ,*ur*1 :i* names him 9 ! ,canon ( ! ,mass1 9 pref]5ce to ,pope ,/4 ,/eph52 & ! ,greeks1 9 _! ,m5ologium1 hon\r ! memory ( ,firmilian4 ,) reason1 s9ce we %all see him preside ov] ! fir/ ,c\ncil ( ,antio*1 aga9/ ,paul ( ,samosata2 & ! ,fa!rs ( ! second ,c\ncil1 writ+ to ! ,pope1 "n ,firmilian1 ( happy memory1 z !y d ,dionysius ( ,alex&ria4 ,:y ! error ( ,/4 ,cyprian & ,/4 ,firmilian hurt n _! sanctity is1 t !y always pres]v$ on _! "p ! unity ( ! ,*ur*1 & *>ity1 & t !y ma9ta9$ 9 good fai? a bad cause1 :i* !y believ$ good1 & ^u :i* !re _h n yet be5 a decision receiv$ by unanim\s cons5t ( ! :ole ,*ur*4 ,?us ,/4 ,augu/9 speaks ( x1 n c\nt+ z a f9al decision ! decree ( ,pope ,/4 ,/eph51 ?\gh true 9 its matt]1 & clo!d ) all ! =ce t he c\ld give x4 ,no "o ( ! anci5ts has accus$ ^! holy ,bi%ops ( ob/9acy = n hav+ obey$ ?is decree4 ,! decision ( ,pope ,/4 ,/eph5 respect+ ! baptism ( h]etics has prevail$1 because x 0 ! mo/ anci5t & ! mo/ univ]sal1 & consequ5tly ! be/4444 ,at l5g? ?is "q 0 entirely set at re/ by ! au?ority ( ! univ]sal ,c\ncil1 t is to say1 at ! late/1 at ! ,c\ncil ( ,nicea4 ,mo/ fair & j3 ,/4 ,cyprian & ,/4 ,firmilian may h innoc5tly err$ 9 su* a matt]2 b :at ( ! way 9 :i* !y treat$ ! ,pope8 ,c\ld !y be ignorant ( ! con/itution ( t ,*ur* ( :i* !y 7 ,primates1 ,sa9ts1 & "o a ,m>tyr8 ,if 8 decision 0 f9al1 mu/ !y n h kn[n x8 ,if 8 primacy involv$ _! ob$i5ce1 mu/ !y n h r5d]$ x8 ,b if !y 7 8 deputies1 z ! pres5t ,roman claim w\ld h x1 :o c express _! ra%ness8 ,_h !y be5 "r1 & ! ,pope wrong1 accord+ to ! pres5t t5ets ( ! ,lat9 ,*ur*1 ob$i5ce _h be5 bett] ?an sacrifice4 ,9 tru?1 !y w\ld h anticipat$ ! noble submission ( ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cambrai1 & yield$ at once to ! *air ( ,/4 ,pet]1 :atev] _h be5 _! conviction z to ! tru? ( _! views2 b ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,c>?age1 ! /]ne/ def5d] ( ecclesia/ical unity & discipl9e :i* ev5 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,fa!rs produc$1 knew n t he _h any su* duty t[>ds ! ,see ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,nay1 & ,/4 ,augu/9 knew x n ei!r4 ,x 0 no m ! belief 9 8 day ?an 9 ,/4 ,cyprian's4 ,! ,donati/s alleg$ aga9/ him 9 ! "q ( ,baptism ! au?ority ( ,cyprian 9 ?is great ,c\ncil ( ,c>?age4 ,?is leads him to make a v important /atem5t--,y are wont to object aga9/ u ,cyprian's lett]s1 ,cyprian's judgm5t1 ,cyprian's ,c\ncil3 :y d y assume ! au?ority ( ,cyprian = y\r s*ism1 & reject 8 example = ! peace ( ! ,*ur*8 ,b :o is ignorant t canonical holy ,scripture1 z well ( ! ,old z ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 is conta9$ 9 its own c]ta9 limits1 & is s pref]r$ to all subsequ5t lett]s ( ,bi%ops1 t no d\bt or discussion at all c be held conc]n+ x1 z to :e!r t be true or "r1 :i* is ackn[l$g$ to be f\nd writt5 9 x3 b t ! lett]s ( ,bi%ops :i* ei!r h be5 or are writt5 aft] ! confirmation ( ! canon1 may be repreh5d$ bo? by ! reason+1 p]adv5ture m full ( wisdom1 ( "s "o 9 t matt] m skill$1 & by ! weighti] au?ority & m le>n$ judgm5t ( o!r ,bi%ops1 & by ,c\ncils1 if haply !re has be5 9 !m any deviation f ! tru?2 & t ,c\ncils !mselves1 hold5 9 p>ticul> regions or prov9ces1 yield1 beyond all "q1 to ! au?ority ( pl5>y ,c\ncils1 :i* are made out ( ! :ole ,*ri/ian _w3 & t =m] pl5>y ,c\ncils !mselves are (t5 correct$ by subsequ5t ones1 :5 by "s practical exp]i5ce :at has be5 hidd5 is laid op51 & :at lay conceal$ is recognis$1 )\t any puff+ up ( sacrilegi\s pride1 )\t any haughty exhibition ( arrogance1 )\t any /rife ( livid envy1 ) holy humility1 ) ,ca?olic peace1 ) ,*ri/ian *>ity4#be ,"h1 :]e1 9 a dignus v9dice nodus1 we %\ld h expect$ "s m5tion ( ! ,*ief ,see1 & ,/4 ,pet]'s rights1 all is ref]r$ to ! voice ( ,bi%ops 9 ,c\ncil1--t ,see1 9 :i*1 accord+ to ,bell>m9e1 ! pl5itude ( all ! p[] resides :i* ,*ri/ left 9 ,8 ,*ur*1 is n ev5 spok5 (4 ,he proce$s--,:]e=e holy ,cyprian1 ! m exalt$1 ! m humble1 79 a matt] = :i* he 0 excommunicat$ by ! ,pope1 & 9 :i*1 if ! pres5t ,papal !ory be true1 8 conduct 0 to ! la/ degree insol5t1 & unju/ifiable17 :o s lov$ ! example ( ,pet] z to say1--',%[+1 inde$1 an in/ance to u ( concord & pati5ce1 t we %\ld n p]t9aci\sly love our own op9ion1 b %\ld r c\nt = our own any useful & s\nd sugge/ions1 :i* at times are made by our bre?r5 & colleagues1 if !y be true & lawful3' he suffici5tly %[s t he w\ld mo/ readily h correct$ 8 judgm5t1 _h any "o po9t$ out to him t ! ,baptism ( ,*ri/ might be giv5 by ^? :o _h gone out 7f ! ,*ur*7 9 ! same mann] t x c\ld n be lo/ :5 !y w5t out3 on :i* po9t we h already said mu*4 ,nor %\ld we ourselves v5ture to make any su* ass]tion1 7 we n support$ by ! unanim\s au?ority ( ! :ole ,*ur*3 to :i* he too1 )\t d\bt1 w\ld yield1 if ! tru? ( ?is "q _h at t p]iod be5 ?or\ghly sift$1 & decl>$1 & e/abli%$ by a pl5>y ,c\ncil4 ,= if he praises & extols ,pet] = hav+ ) pati5ce & h>mony suff]$ correction f a s+le y\ng] colleague1 h[ mu* m readily w\ld he himself1 ) ! ,c\ncil ( 8 prov9ce1 h yield$ to ! au?ority ( ! :ole _w1 :5 ! tru? 0 laid op58 because1 inde$1 s holy & s peaceful a s\l might mo/ readily agree to "o p]son 7i4e4 ! ,pope71 speak+ & prov+ ! tru?2 & ?is1 p]haps1 0 really ! fact1 b we "k n4 ,= n all :i* at t "t 0 transact$ betwe5 ,bi%ops c\ld be committ$ to po/]ity & writ+1 nor d we "k all :i* 0 s committ$4 ,= h[ c\ld t matt]1 involv$ 9 s _m cl\ds ( alt]cations1 be br\ght to ! cle> consid]ation & ratification ( a pl5>y ,c\ncil1 unless fir/ = a long "t ?r\gh\t all ! regions ( ! _w x _h be5 ?or\ghly tri$1 & made manife/ by _m discussions & conf]5ces ( ,bi%ops on ! "o side & on ! o!r8 ,b :olesome peace produces ?is1 t :5 obscure que/ions h be5 long "u inquiry1 &1 ?r\gh ! difficulty ( asc]ta9+ !m1 beget v>i\s judgm5ts 9 bro!rly discussion1 until ! pure tru? be arriv$ at1 ! bond ( unity holds1 le/ 9 ! "p cut (f ! incurable w\nd ( error %\ld rema94 ,he consid]s ,pope ,/eph5 "h1 ev5 :5 he 0 "r1 z "o ( _m bre?r51 :o _h a "r to be def]5tially he>d1 b no m4 ,z 9 ano!r place1 argu+ ) ^! same ,donati/s1 he di/9ctly consid]s ! case ( ! judgm5t ( ! ,roman ,pontiff be+ errone\s4 ,! ,donati/s1#bf says he1 *ose ) a d\ble purpose1 to plead _! cause ) ,coecilian be=e ! ,*ur*es across ! sea2 be+ d\bly prep>$1 t if !y c\ld by any skilfulness ( false accusation h ov]come him1 !y might to ! full satiate _! desire3 b if !y fail$ 9 ?is1 might cont9ue 9 ! same p]v]sity1 b /ill z if !y w\ld h to allege1 t !y _h suff]$ 9 hav+ bad judges3 ?is is :at all wrong suitors cry1 ?\gh !y h be5 ov]come by ! pla9e/ tru?s3 z if x might n be answ]$ !m & mo/ ju/ly retort$1--,let u suppose t ^! ,bi%ops :o judg$ at ,rome1 7,pope ,mel*iades & 8 ,c\ncil17 7 n fair judges2 !re /ill rema9$ a pl5>y ,c\ncil ( ! univ]sal ,*ur*1 :]e ! cause might h be5 tri$ ev5 ) ^? v judges1 s t _h !y be5 convict$ ( false judgm5t _! decision might be rev]s$4 ,nay1 x appe>s1 ! cause ( ! ,donati/s1 aft] be+ decid$ by ,pope ,mel*iades1 0 rehe>d1 & t1 n by a pl5>y ,c\ncil1 b by o!r ,bi%ops ( ! ,we/1 deput$ by ,con/ant9e4 ,"k1#bg says ,/4 ,augu/91 t y\r fir/ ance/ors c>ri$ ! cause ( ,coecilianus be=e ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e4 ,dem& ?is ( u1 let u prove x to y1 & if we prove x n1 d ) u :at y c4 ,b because ,con/ant9e d>$ n to judge 9 ! cause ( a ,bi%op1 he delegat$ ! discussion & t]m9at+ ( x to ,bi%ops4 ,?is took place 9 ! city ( ,rome "u ! presid5cy ( ,mel*iades1 ,bi%op ( t ,*ur*1 ) _m ( 8 colleagues4 ,!y hav+ pron\nc$ ,coecilianus innoc5t1 & condemn$ ,donatus1 :o _h made ! s*ism at ,c>?age1 y\r p>ty aga9 w5t to ! ,emp]or1 & murmur$ aga9/ ! judgm5t ( ! ,bi%ops 9 :i* !y _h be5 beat54 ,= h[ c ! guilty p>ty praise ! judge by ^: s5t5ce he has be5 beat58 ,yet a second "t ! mo/ indulg5t ,emp]or assign$ o!r ,bi%ops z judges1 at ,arles1 9 ,gaul1 & f !m y\r p>ty appeal$ to ! ,emp]or himself1 until he too he>d ! cause1 & pron\nc$ ,coecilianus innoc5t1 & !m false accus]s4 ,did he :o wrote ^! words mean to c5sure ,con/ant9e = grant+ a second he>+ aft] ! judgm5t ( ,pope ,mel*iades8 ,basilides1 says ,mr4 ,newman1 depos$ 9 ,spa91 betakes himself to ,rome1 & ga9s ! e> ( ,/4 ,/eph54 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is only half ! case4 ,x comes to ! k ( ,/4 ,cyprian t he has done s4 ,let u take ,fleury's acc\nt4#bh ,z ,basilides & ,m>tial /ill endeav\r$ to =ce !mselves back ^u _! sees1 ,felix & ,sab9us1 _! legitimate successors1 w5t to ,c>?age ) lett]s f ! ,*ur*es ( ,leon1 ,a/uria1 & ,m]ida1 & f ano!r ,felix1 ,bi%op ( ,s>ragossa1 kn[n 9 ,africa z atta*$ to ! fai?1 & a def5d] ( ! tru?4 ,^! lett]s 7 read 9 a ,c\ncil ( ?irty-six ,bi%ops1 at ! head ( :om 0 ,/4 ,cyprian1 :o answ]$ 9 ! "n ( all by a lett] address$ to ! ,prie/ ,felix1 & to ! fai?ful p ( ,leon & ,a/uria1 & to ! ,deacon ,loelius1 ) ! p ( ,m]ida4 ,9 ?is lett] he says1 ,:]e=e1#bi accord+ to ,div9e tradition1 & ,apo/olic obs]vance1 t is to be kept & obs]v$1 :i* is obs]v$ by u also1 & g5]ally ?r\gh\t all ! prov9ces1 t 9 ord] rightly to celebrate ord9ations1 ! ne>e/ ,bi%ops ( ! same prov9ce %\ld meet toge!r ) t p = :om ! head is orda9$1 & ! ,bi%op %\ld be *os5 9 ! pres5ce ( ! p1 :i* is mo/ fully acqua9t$ ) ! life ( e "o1 & has obs]v$ ! conduct ( ea* individual f 8 conv]sation4 ,& ?is we see 0 obs]v$ by y 9 ! ord9ation ( our colleague ,sab9us1 s t1 accord+ to ! suffrage ( ! :ole bro!rhood1 & ! judgm5t ( ! ,bi%ops1 :o 7 ei!r pres5t1 or _h s5t y lett]s ab\t him1 ! ,episcopate 0 conf]r$ ^u him1 & h&s laid ^u him 9 ! place ( ,basilides4 ,nor c x invalidate a rightful ord9ation1 t ,basilides1 aft] ! detection ( 8 crimes & ! lay+ b>e 8 consci5ce ev5 by 8 own confession1 go+ to ,rome deceiv$ our colleague ,/eph51 :o 0 f> remov$ & ignorant ( ! ?+ z x 0 really done1 t he might make int]e/ = an unju/ re/oration to t ,episcopate f :i* he _h be5 rightfully depos$4 ,x comes to ?is1 t ! crimes ( ,basilides h be5 r d\bl$ ?an wip$ away1 s9ce to 8 =m] s9s1 ! crime ( deceit & circumv5tion has be5 add$4 ,nor %\ld he be s mu* blam$1 :o ?r\gh neglig5ce 0 ov]rea*$1 z ! o!r execrat$1 :o fraudul5tly deceiv$4 ,b if ,basilides c\ld ov]rea* m51 ,god he _c1 c4 ,if ! appeal ( ,basilides to ,/eph5 proves ! ,roman ,primacy1 :at does ! subsequ5t appeal ( ! p ( ,leon1 ,a/uria1 & ,m]ida1 to ,c>?age1 prove8 ,& if ! re/oration ( ,basilides by ,/eph51 proves t he possess$ t p[]1 :at does ! subsequ5t pron\nc+ ( t re/oration void by ,cyprian & 8 bro!r ,bi%ops1 )\t ev5 fir/ acqua9t+ ,/eph51 prove8 ,9 tru?1 all ! acts ( ,/4 ,cyprian's ,episcopate1 ( :i* we h giv5 sev]al 9 illu/ration1 are an indisputable assurance to ! c&id m9d t he treat$ ! ,roman ,pontiff simply z 8 bro!r1--8 eld] bro!r1 inde$1--hold+ ! fir/ see 9 ,*ri/5dom1 b1 individually1 z liable to err z himself4 ,& x is equally cle> t ,/4 ,augu/91 a hundr$ & =ty ye>s lat]1 did n c5sure him = ?is4 ,:at we h se51 is ?is4 ,9 ! matt] ( ,=tunatus & ,felicissimus1 ,cyprian rejects ) vehem5t indignation _! appeal to ,rome3 9 ! case ( ,m>cian ( ,arles1 he writes z an equal to ,pope ,/eph51 almo/ enjo9+ him :at to d3 9 ! "q ( rebaptiz+ h]etics1 he disreg>ds ,/4 ,/eph5's judgm5t1 & ! ana!ma :i* accompanies x2 & h[ /rong ,/4 ,firmilian's language is we ne$ n repeat1 :o decl>es t ,/4 ,/eph5's excommunication only cut (f himself3 9 ! case ( ,basilides1 he deposes afre% "o :om ,/eph5 _h re/or$4 ,su* are ! illu/rations af=d$ by ! prec$+ c5tury to :at we h /at$ 0 ! unque/ion$ con/itution ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* at ! "t ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,nicea2 viz4 t :ile ! ?ree great ,sees ( ,rome1 ,alex&ria1 & ,antio* ex]cis$ a p[]ful b entirely pat]nal influ5ce on _! colleagues1 t ( ,rome hav+ ! und\bt$ primacy1 n d]iv$ f ! gift ( ,c\ncils1 or ! rank ( ! imp]ial city1 b f immemorial tradition z ! ,see ( ,/4 ,pet]2 yet1 at ! same "t1 ! fullness ( ! prie/hood1 & ) x all p[] to gov]n ! ,*ur*1 7 ackn[l$g$ to reside 9 ! :ole ,episcopal ,body4 ,! ,bi%op1 says ,?omass91 quot+ ) approbation a ,greek writ]1 z repres5t+ ! doctr9e ( ! e>ly ,fa!rs1 & ( ! univ]sal ,*ur* s9ce1 is ! complete image 9 ! ,*ur* on e>? ( ,him :o 9 ! holy ,tr9ity alone be>s ! "n ( ,fa!r1 z be+ ! fir/ pr9ciple )\t pr9ciple1 & ! fruitful s\rce ( ! o!r ,p]sons1 & ( all ! div9e p]fections4444 ,! ,bi%op communicates ! ,prie/hood1 z ,he :o is )\t pr9ciple 9 ! ,godhead1 & is !re=e call$ ,fa!r4#cj ,! ,apo/olic ,canons1 & ^? ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,nicea1 are ! legislative acts be>+ witness to ?is ord] ( ?+s3 ! conduct & words ( ,/4 ,cyprian1 ,/4 ,firmilian1 & ,/4 ,augu/91 :i* we h in/anc$1 & an innum]able multitude ( o!r cases1 exhibit x 9 full life & vig\r2 :ile1 on ! o!r side1 !re is absolutely no?+ to allege4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* dur+ ! ?ree hundr$ ye>s foll[+ ! ,nic5e ,c\ncil is b a developm5t ( ?is con/itution4 ,! problem 01 h[ to comb9e 9 ! h>moni\s action ( ,"o organiz$ ,body ^? ,apo/olical p[]s :i* resid$ 9 ! ,bi%ops g5]ally4 ,! ,patri>*al sy/em 0 ! result4 ,z ! ,*ur* increas$ 9 ext5t1 h] rul]s w\ld increase 9 numb]4 ,?is multiplication1 :i* w\ld t5d s mu* to augm5t ! c5trifugal =ce1 0 met by increas$ en]gy 9 ! c5tripetal3 ! p[] ( ! ,patri>*s1 & specially ( ! ,bi%op ( ,rome1 grew4 ,x is impossible1 9 my pres5t limits1 to foll[ ?is out1 b ,i propose to give a few specim5s1 z be=e1 9 illu/ration4 ,9 s va/ a sy/em ( int]lac$ & concurr5t p[]s z ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ pres5t$1 diff]5ces w\ld cont9ually arise2 & 9 s pr(\nd a subject-matt] z ! ,*ri/ian revelation1 h]esies w\ld be cont9ually />t+ up3 to arrange ! =m]1 & to expel or subjugate ! latt]1 ! ,bi%ops1 says ,?omass91 hav+ already m ?an once appeal$ to ! ,*ri/ian ,emp]ors = ! call+ ( great ,c\ncils1 saw ! dang] ( suff]+ ! ,imp]ial au?ority to int]v5e 9 ecclesia/ical causes1 & s\ght to e/abli% a new jurisprud5ce on ?is head4#ca ,! ,c\ncil ( ,antio* 7,a4,d4 #cda71 & t ( ,s>dica 7,a4,d4 #cdg71 :i* 7 held almo/ at ! same "t1--! "o 9 ! ,ea/1 ! o!r 9 ! ,we/1--set ab\t ?is 9 a v diff]5t mann]1 aim+1 h[ev]1 at ! same end4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,antio* ord]$ t ,bi%ops1 ,prie/s1 & ,deacons1 :o %\ld h be5 condemn$ by a prov9cial ,c\ncil1 might recur to a l>g] ,c\ncil ( ,bi%ops2 b t if !y c>ri$ _! compla9ts be=e ! ,emp]or !y c\ld nev] be ree/abli%$ 9 _! dignity4 ,"o mu/ 9 good fai? admit1 t ?is regulation _h mu* con=mity ) :at _h be5 practis$ 9 ! fir/ ages ( obscurity & p]secution1 = x 0 9 ! same way t extraord9>y ,c\ncils _h be5 held1 su* z 7 ^? ( ,antio* aga9/ ,paul ( ,samosata1 ,bi%op ( t great city4 ,x 0 ! ,metropolitans & ,bi%ops ( ! neighb\rhood :o assembl$ ) ^? ( ! ,prov9ce :]e ! flame ( a great diss5sion _h be5 k9dl$4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,s>dica1 urg$ by ! same desire to break ?r\gh ! cu/om :i* 0 introduc+ itself1 ( hav+ rec\rse to ! ,emp]or = judgm5t ( spiritual causes ( ! ,*ur*1 be?\ght itself ( ano!r means1 :i* 0 n less con=mable to ! practice ( ! prec$+ c5turies1 & :i* _h1 beside t1 mu* f\ndation 9 ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,= ,jesus ,*ri/1 hav+ giv5 ! ,primacy1 & ! rank ( ,head1 to ,/4 ,pet]1 above ! o!r ,apo/les1 & hav+ giv5 successors z well to ! ,apo/les1 to wit1 all ! ,bi%ops1 z to ,/4 ,pet]1 to wit1 ! ,roman ,pontiffs2 moreov]1 hav+ will$ t ,8 ,*ur* %\ld rema9 = ev] "o by ! union ( all ,bi%ops ) _! ,head1 x is manife/1 t if ! ,bi%ops ( a prov9ce c\ld n agree 9 _! ,prov9cial ,c\ncil1 & if ! ,bi%ops ( sev]al prov9ces _h disputes betwe5 ea* o!r1 ! mo/ natural way to f9i% ^! diff]5ces 0 to introduce ! au?ority ( ! ,head1 & ( him :om ,jesus ,*ri/ has e/abli%$ z ! c5tre ( unity ( ,8 univ]sal ,*ur*4 ,accord+ly1 at ! ,c\ncil ( ,s>dica1 att5d$ by ,/4 ,a?anasius1 !n 9 exile1 & ab\t a hundr$ ,we/]n ,bi%ops1 aft] ! secession ( ! ,ea/]n or ,arian portion1 ,hosius propos$1 ,if two ,bi%ops ( ! same prov9ce h a disagreem5t1 nei!r ( ! two %all take = arbitrator a ,bi%op ( ano!r prov9ce3 if a ,bi%op1 hav+ be5 condemn$1 feels s assur$ ( 8 "r1 t he is will+ to be judg$ anew 9 a ,c\ncil1 let u hon\r1 if y ?9k x good1 ! memory ( ! ,apo/le ,/4 ,pet]3 let ^? :o h exam9$ ! cause1 write to ,julius1 ,bi%op ( ,rome2 if he ?9ks prop] to ord] a fre% trial1 let him "n judges2 if he does n ?9k t !re is reason to r5ew ! matt]1 let :at he ord]s be kept to4 ,! ,c\ncil approv$ ?is proposition4 ,! ,bi%op ,gaud5tius add$1 t1 dur+ ?is appeal1 no ,bi%op %\ld be orda9$ 9 place ( him :o _h be5 depos$1 until ! ,bi%op ( ,rome _h judg$ 8 cause4#cb ,to make ! prec$+ ,canon cle>]1 ,hosius said1 ',:5 a ,bi%op1 depos$ by ! ,c\ncil ( ! prov9ce1 %all h appeal$ & _h rec\rse to ! ,bi%op ( ,rome1 if he judge prop] t ! matt] be exam9$ afre%1 he %all write to ! ,bi%ops ( ! neighb\r+ prov9ce to be ! judges ( x2 & if ! depos$ ,bi%op p]suade ! ,bi%op ( ,rome to s5d a prie/ f 8 own p]son1 he %all be able to d x1 & to s5d commission]s to judge by 8 au?ority1 toge!r ) ! ,bi%ops2 b if he believes t ! ,bi%ops are suffici5t to settle ! matt]1 he w d :at 8 wisdom sugge/s to him4' ,! judgm5t :i* ,pope ,julius1 toge!r ) ! ,c\ncil ( ,rome1 _h giv5 9 fav\r ( ,a?anasius & ! o!r p]secut$ ,bi%ops1 seems to h giv5 cause to ?is ,canon1 & we h se5 t ?is ,pope compla9$ t !y _h judg$ ,/4 ,a?anasius )\t writ+ to him ab\t x4 ,su* is ! mode/ comm5cem5t ( t p[] ( he>+ episcopal causes on appeal1 :i* has be5 ! in/rum5t ( obta9+ ! wond]ful au?ority conc5trat$ by a long s]ies ( ages 9 ! see ( ,rome4 ,h[ev] con=mable to ! practice ( prec$+ c5turies1 z ,?omass9 says1 ?is may h be51 ?is p[] is "h c]ta9ly grant$ by ! ,c\ncil1 n consid]$ z inh]5t 9 ! see ( ,rome4 ,& ?is "o fact is fatal to ! pres5t claim ( ! supremacy4 ,to use ,de ,mai/re's fav\rite analogy1 x is z ?\gh ! ,/ates ,g5]al or ,p>liam5t conf]r$ 8 royal p[]s on ! ,sov]eign :o convok$ !m1 & ^: ass5t alone made _! enactm5ts law4 ,accord+ly1 l ! :ole c\rse ( proce$+s 9 ^! e>ly ,c\ncils1 x is incompatible ) ! notion ( ! ,pope be+ ! mon>* 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,we may safely say1 hi/ory (f]s n a m wond]ful contra/ 9 a p[] be>+ ! same "n1 ?an t "h conf]r$ on ,pope ,julius 9 #cdg1 & t ex]cis$ by ,pope ,pius ! ,sev5? 9 #ahjb4 ,on ! bur/+ out ( ! ,fr5* revolution1 out ( a hundr$ & ?irty-six ,bi%ops m ?an a hundr$ & ?irty rema9$ fai?ful to ,god & ! ,*ur*3 "s (f]$ ! te/imony ( _! blood2 ! re/ became confessors 9 all l&s = ,*ri/'s sake1 9 pov]ty1 contempt1 & bani%m5t4 ,aft] t5 ye>s1 ! civil gov]nor1 :o _h lately pr(ess$ himself a ,mahometan1 proposes to ! ,pope to re-e/abli% ! ,*ur*1 b on condition ( himself nom9at+ to ! sees1 & ^? n ! anci5t sees ( ! c\ntry1 b a selection f !m1 to ! numb] ( eighty4 ,!reupon ! ,pope requires ^? eighty ,bi%ops & ,confessors :o /ill surviv$1 & :om he ackn[l$g$ to be n only blameless1 b m>tyrs = ! "n ( ,*ri/1 to resign into 8 h&s _! episcopal p[]s4 ,( 8 own s+le au?ority he aboli%es ! anci5t sees ( ! elde/ daught] ( ! ,we/]n ,*ur*1 con/itutes t numb] ( new sees :i* ! civil p[] p]mits1 & treats z s*ismatics ^? few ,bi%ops :o disobey 8 requisition4 ,i d n presume to express any blame ( ,pope ,pius2 ,i simply m5tion a fact4 ,b x seems to me1 c]ta9ly1 t ^? :o w\ld entirely recognise ! p[] & prec$5ce ex]cis$ by ,pope ,julius1 are n necess>ily s*ismatics because !y refuse to admit a p[] n m]ely great] 9 degree1 b diff]5t 9 k9d1 & to set ! ,high ,prie/hood ( ! ,*ur* b5ea? ! feet ( "o1 ?\gh x be ! ,fir/ ( h] ,pontiffs4 ,! re/rictions "u :i*1 accord+ to ! ,c\ncil ( ,s>dica1 ! ,pope c\ld cause a matt] to be rehe>d1 are specific4 ,mu* l>g] p[] is assign$ 9 ! f\r? ,g5]al ,c\ncil1 t ( ,*alc$on1 to ! see ( ,con/ant9ople1 9 ! n9? ,canon1 :i* says1 ,if any ,bi%op or ,cl]gyman has a controv]sy aga9/ ! ,bi%op ( ! prov9ce himself 7i4e4 ! ,metropolitan71 let him h rec\rse to ! ,ex>* ( ! diocese1 or to ! ?rone ( ! ,imp]ial city ( ,con/ant9ople1 & plead 8 cause be=e him4 ,b1 betwe5 ^! two ,c\ncils ( ,nicea1 ,a4,d4 #cbe1 & ,*alc$on1 #dea1 ! :ole ,patri>*al sy/em ( ! ,*ur* _h sprung up1 & cov]$ ! prov9ces ( ! ,roman ,empire ) z x 7 a f9ely reticulat$ net4 ,! sy/em may be said to be built on two pr9ciples1 recognis$ & en=c$ 9 ! ,apo/olic ,canons1 & consi/5tly c>ri$ out1 f ! ,bi%op ( ! poore/ c\ntry t[n up to ! primatial see ( ,rome4 ,^! pr9ciples are1 ! au?ority ( ! ,metropolitan ov] 8 ,bi%ops 9 important & extraord9>y affairs1 & ! supreme au?ority ( ,bi%ops 9 ! ord9>y gov]nm5t ( _! p>ticul> bi%oprics4 ,) ?is di/9ction1 t ! ,metropolitan ev5 _c arrange important & extraord9>y affairs b ) ! c\nsel ( 8 suffragans1 :il/ e ,bi%op conducts all ! common & ord9>y affairs ( 8 ,diocese )\t be+ oblig$ to take ! advice ( 8 ,metropolitan4#cc ,?is latt] pr9ciple1 x w be se51 expresses ! ess5tial equality & unity ( ! ,high ,prie/hood ve/$ 9 ,bi%ops by desc5t f ! ,apo/les1 to :i* ,/4 ,cyprian be>s su* con/ant witness1 s t x may be said to be ! "o _s :i* animates all 8 gov]nm5t3 :ile ! =m]1 leav+ ?is q inviolate1 builds toge!r ! :ole ,*ur* 9 "o va/ liv+ /ructure4 ,= z ! ,bi%ops ( ! prov9ce h _! ,metropolitan1 & _! spr+ & autumn ,c\ncils "u him1 s ! ,metropolitan /&s 9 a l relation to 8 ,ex>*1 or ,patri>*2 & ( ! five great ,patri>*s ( ,rome1 ,con/ant9ople1 ,alex&ria1 ,antio*1 & ,j]usalem1 :o are f\nd at ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on to preside ov] ! ,*ur* ,ca?olic1 t ( ,rome has ! unque/ion$ primacy1 & is se5 at ! c5tre1 su/a9+ & animat+ ! :ole4 ,! mo/ important ( all ! p[]s ( ,metropolitans1 ,ex>*s1 & ,patri>*s1 0 ! election ( ,bi%ops1 ! confirmation & consecration ( ,bi%ops elect$4 ,= all ! o!r degrees ( au?ority 7 f\nd$ on ?is "o1 :i* r5d]$ ! ,metropolitan ! ,fa!r1 ,ma/]1 & ,judge ( all 8 suffragans4#cd ,& s t fam\s ,canon ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,nicea1 7! #f?17 :i* seems 9 appe>ance only to confirm ! anci5t "r ( ! ?ree fir/ ,metropolitans ( ! _w to orda9 ! ,bi%ops ( all ! prov9ces ( _! dep5d5ce1 e/abli%es 9 effect all ! rights & all ! p[]s ( ! ,metropolitans1 because x e/abli%es ! f\ndation on :i* !y all re/4 ',if any "o be made a ,bi%op contr>y to ! s5t5ce ( 8 ,metropolitan1 ! great ,synod decl>es t he %\ld n be a ,bi%op4' ,no?+ is ju/] ?an to f\nd ! "r ( a holy & pat]nal rule on ! "r ( g5]ation4 ,= by ord9ation ! ,bi%ops eng5d] n *ildr5 inde$1 b ,fa!rs1 to ! ,*ur*4 ,?is sy/em cont9u$ unimpair$ 9 ! :ole ,*ur*1 at lea/ to ! "t ( ,/4 ,gregory ! ,great4 ,x (f]s1 ,i ?9k1 an unansw]able refutation to :at mu/ be consid]$ ! /ronge/ argum5t ( ! ,roman ,ca?olics = ! ,supremacy1 t !re c\ld be no unity 9 ! ,*ur* )\t x1 z a liv+ organiz$ body2 hi/ory says1 !re 0 unity1 ) five co-ord9ate ,patri>*s1 & an ,episcopate twice z num]\s z t ( ! pres5t ,lat9 ,communion4 ,9 ! ,lat9 ,*ur* itself1 ?is sy/em 0 only gradually ov]%ad[$ by ano!r sy/em :i* sprang f ! excessive developm5t ( "o ( its p>ts2 9 ! ,greek & ,russian ,*ur*1 x cont9ues d[n to ?is day2 :atev] ecclesia/ical con/itution we /ill h ourselves1 is a "p ( ?is sy/em4 ,& by ref]5ce to1 & "u cov] ( ?is1 :i* if n /rictly ( ,div9e "r1 z is ! ,high ,prie/hood ( ,bi%ops1 approa*es v ne>ly inde$ to x1 & 0 ! efflu5ce ( ! ,_s ( ,god rul+ & guid+ ! ,*ur* ( ! ,fa!rs1 we mu/ ju/ify ourselves f ! damn+ blot ( s*ism4 ,we _c1 d>e n1 d ?is ^u pr9ciples su* z ! "r ( private judgm5t--,! ,bible alone is ! religion ( ,prote/ants1--& ! l1 :i* lead directly1 & by mo/ c]ta9 consequ5ce1 to diss5t1 h]esy1 & an>*y4 ,god =bid t !y :o pr(ess to be memb]s ( ! ,"o holy ,ca?olic ,*ur* %\ld1 urg$ by any unhapp9ess ( _! provisional & /range position1 take up ,satanic & ,anti*ri/ian arms4 ,no6 if we may n hope = t sy/em "u :i* ,augu/9 & ,*ryso/om lab\r$ & witness$1 we w h no?+ to d ) ^? :o de/roy dogmatic fai? altoge!r1 & break up ! visible unity ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ into a multitude ( atoms4 ,quot hom9es1 tot voluntates4 ,we _c s relapse into worse ?an a second hea!nism1 & ) ! unity ( ,p5teco/ (f]$ u1 delib]ately *oose ! confusion ( ,babel4 ,b ov] & above 8 natural em95ce 9 ! ,*ur*1 :i* ,i h attempt$ to describe1 a concurr5ce ( ev5ts 9 ! f\r? c5tury t5d$ to give a /ill great] moral weight to ! voice ( ! ,bi%op ( ,rome4 ,:ile ! o!r great sees ( ! ,*ur* 7 vex$ ) h]esy or s*ism1 8 0 provid5tially exempt$ f bo?4 ,! same c5tury witness$ ,coecilianus ( ,c>?age1 judg$ & support$ by ,pope ,mel*iades1 :ile ! ,donati/ s*ism all t c5tury long r5t ,africa 9 twa92 & ,/4 ,a?anasius1 ( ,alex&ria1 driv5 f 8 see1 & p]secut$ by ! :ole ,ea/1 receiv$ & ju/ifi$ by ,pope ,julius2 & ,/4 ,john ,*ryso/om1 too good by f> = a corrupt capital & a deg5]ate c\rt1 9 life protect$1 & 9 dea? re/or$1 by ,pope ,innoc5t4 ,we h se5 ,/4 ,j]ome appeal to ,pope ,damasus1 to "k :i* ( ?ree competitors = ! ,patri>*al ?rone ( ,antio* 0 ! "r ,bi%op4 ,b x is impossible to describe ! confusion & viol5ce :i* ! ,arian h]esy1 & ! cognate h]esies conc]n+ ! ,p]son ( our ,"l1 wr\ght ?r\gh\t ! ,*ur* & ,empire4 ,9 all ^! ! ,roman ,patri>* 0 beheld immovable1 support+1 ) 8 :ole au?ority1 :at turn$ out to be ! or?odox view4 ,:at ,mr4 ,newman ass]ts is1 moreov]1 entirely 9 accordance ) ! ,patri>*al sy/em1 z we h attempt$ to describe x1 t ! writ]s ( ! f\r? & fif? c5turies fe>lessly ass]t1 or frankly all[1 t ! pr]ogatives ( ,rome 7 d]iv$ f apo/olic times1 & t because x 0 ! ,see ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,i confess t ^! words set me ^u ! se>*1 & t ,i h f\nd su* te/imonies 9 abundance2 b !n !y are inv>iably to ! ,bi%op ( ,rome z hold+ ! fir/ see1 n z ,episcopus ,episcoporum3 !y be> witness to ! ,patri>*al sy/em1 n to ! ,papal4 ,= in/ance1 all lov]s ( tru? w\ld be oblig$ to ,mr4 ,newman to po9t out1 9 all ! works ( ,/4 ,augu/91 a s+le passage :i* is suffici5tly di/9ct & specific to ju/ify ! ,papal claims1 nay1 :i* does n consid] ! ,pope ! fir/ ,bi%op1 & no m4 ,x is little to say ,i h se>*$ = su* 9 va94 ,b 9 a ,we/]n ,fa!r1 ^: extant writ+s are s volum9\s1 & ^: p]sonal hi/ory is almo/ a hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* dur+ ! ne>ly =ty ye>s ( 8 episcopate1 & :o cont9ually gives judgm5t on all matt]s conc]n+ ! ,*ur*'s gov]nm5t & con/itution1 x w\ld seem impossible b t su* a te/imony %\ld be f\nd1 if a ?+ s wondr\s z is ! ,papal ,p[] !n exi/$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,/4 ,augu/91 cont9ually expla9+ ^? (t5 cit$ passages ( ,scripture1 on :i* m$iaeval & lat] ,roman writ]s gr\nd ! ,papal pr]ogatives1 t is1 ,?\ art ,pet]1 c41 ,fe$ my %eep1 c41 says specifically1 t ,pet] repres5ts ! ,*ur*4 ,"o ( ^! passages we h already quot$4 ,take ano!r4 ,& ,i say unto !e1 because ?\ ha/ said to me2 ?\ ha/ spok51 n[ he>2 ?\ ha/ giv5 a confession1 receive a bless+2 !re=e1 & ,i say unto !e1 t ?\ art ,pet]2 because ,i am ! ,rock1 ?\ art ,pet]2 = nei!r f ,pet] is ! ,rock1 b f ! ,rock1 ,pet]2 because n f ! ,*ri/ian is ,*ri/1 b f ,*ri/ ! ,*ri/ian4 ,& ^u ?is ,rock ,i w build my ,*ur*2 n ^u ,pet]1 :i* ?\ art1 b ^u ! ,rock :i* ?\ ha/ confess$4 ,b ,i w build my ,*ur*1 ,i w build !e1 :o 9 ?is answ] repres5te/ ! ,*ur*4#ce ,aga91 9 a passage :i* conveys t old view ( ,cyprian1 t e ,bi%op's *air is ! *air ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,= z "s ?+s are said :i* w\ld seem to belong p]sonally to ! ,apo/le ,pet]1 yet _c be cle>ly und]/ood unless :5 !y are ref]r$ to ! ,*ur*1 :i* he is admitt$1 9 figure1 to h repres5t$1 on acc\nt ( ! ,primacy :i* he held among ! disciples1--z is1--,i w give to !e ! keys ( ! k+dom ( ,heav52--& if !re be any su* l4#cf ,aga93 ,= ,pet] himself1 to :om ,he entru/$ ,8 %eep z to ano!r self1 ,he will$ to make "o ) ,himself1 t s ,he might entru/ ,8 %eep to him2 t he might be ! ,head1 ! o!r be> ! figure ( ! ,body1 t is1 ! ,*ur*2 & t1 z man & wife1 !y might be two 9 "o fle%4#cg ,aga93 ,! ,"l ,jesus *ose out ,8 disciples be=e ,8 ,passion1 z ye "k1 :om ,he nam$ ,apo/les4 ,among/ ^!1 ,pet] alone almo/ ev]y:]e 0 ?\ght wor?y 7m]uit7 to repres5t ! :ole ,*ur*4 ,on acc\nt ( t v repres5t+ ( ! :ole ,*ur*1 :i* he alone bore1 he 0 ?\ght wor?y to he>1 ,i w give to !e ! keys ( ! k+dom ( ,heav54 ,= ^! keys n "o man b ! unity ( ! ,*ur* receiv$4 ,"h1 !re=e1 ! em95ce ( ,pet] is set =?1 because he repres5t$ ! v univ]sality & unity ( ! ,*ur*1 :5 x 0 said to him1 ,i give to !e :at 0 giv5 to all4 ,= t y may "k t ! ,*ur* has receiv$ ! keys ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 he> :at 9 ano!r place ! ,"l says to all 8 ,apo/les3 ,receive ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,& pres5tly3 ,:osesoev] s9s ye remit1 !y are remitt$ to him2 :osesoev] ye reta91 !y are reta9$4 ,?is belongs to ! keys conc]n+ :i* x 0 said1 ,:at ye loose on e>?1 %all be loos$ 9 ,heav52 & :at ye b9d on e>?1 %all be b\nd 9 ,heav54 ,b ?is ,he said to ,pet]4 ,t y may "k t ,pet] !n repres5t$ ! :ole ,*ur*1 he> :at is said to him1#ch c4 ,= des]v$ly1 aft] ,8 resurrection1 ! ,"l deliv]$ ,8 %eep to ,pet] himself to fe$2 = he 0 n ! only "o among ! disciples :o 0 ?\ght wor?y to fe$ ! ,"l's %eep4 ,b :5 ,*ri/ speaks to "o1 unity is comm5d$2 & to ,pet] above all1 because ,pet] is ! fir/ among ! ,apo/les4#ci ,aga93 ,z 9 ! ,apo/les1 ! numb] itself be+ twelve1 t is1 f\r divisions into ?ree1--7he seems to mean1 t !re 0 a my/ical univ]sality betok5$ 9 ! numb] f\r1 z a my/ical unity 9 ! numb] ?ree17--& all be+ ask$1 ,pet] alone answ]$1 ,?\ art ! ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,& x is said to him1 ,i w give to !e ! keys ( ! k+dom ( ,heav51 z if he alone _h receiv$ ! p[] ( b9d+ & loos+2 ! case really be+1 t he s+ly said t 9 ! "n ( all1 & receiv$ ?is toge!r ) all1 z repres5t+ unity itself2 !re=e "o 9 ! "n ( all1 because unity is 9 all4#dj ,?is1 writt5 at s _m diff]5t times1 0 evid5tly ! view pref]r$ by ?is great ,fa!r2#da & be x obs]v$1 t :ile1 on ! "o h&1 !re is a total sil5ce z to ! local see ( ,rome1 on ! o!r h&1 !re is 9 ^! words a specific d5ial ( ! pres5t ,roman doctr9e1 t all spiritual jurisdiction ?r\gh\t ! :ole ,*ur* is d]iv$ f ! see ( ,rome alone4 ,t jurisdiction is d]iv$ f ! see ( ,rome1 & ! o!r ,apo/olic ,sees 9 conjunction1 is ! tru? ( ! ,patri>*al sy/em2 t x is d]iv$ f ! see ( ,rome1 z di/9ct f !m1 & )\t !m1 is ! exagg]ation ( ! ,papal sy/em4 ,i may rem>k "h1 t ,/4 ,leo ! ,great does apply ^! passages bo? to ,/4 ,pet] p]sonally1 z di/9ct f ! o!r ,apo/les1 & to ! ,roman ,pontiffs1 z 8 successors1 di/9ct f all o!r ,bi%ops4 ,/4 ,augu/9's diff]5t application is ! m rem>kable4 ,! /ronge/ expressions respect+ ! p[] ( ! ,roman see1 :i* ,i h be5 able to f9d 9 ! works ( ,/4 ,augu/91 are conta9$ n 9 8 prop] works1 b 9 two lett]s ( ,pope ,/4 ,innoc5t1 writt5 9 answ] to ! synodical lett]s ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,milevi1--:o ?\ght fit likewise to communicate _! judgm5t to ! ,pope ,/4 ,innoc5t 9 ord] to jo9 ! ,apo/olical au?ority to _! own4#db ,_! own words are1--,:at we h done1 ,sir & ,bro!r1 we h ?\ght good to intimate to y\r holy *>ity1 t ! au?ority ( ! ,apo/olical ,see may also be add$ to :at we1 9 our m$iocrity1 h ord]$1 to protect ! salvation ( _m1 & also to correct ! p]v]sity ( "s4#dc ,!y 7 writ+ conc]n+ a po9t ne>ly t\*+ ! common fai?1 i4e41 9 condemnation ( ,pelagius4 ,! ,pope 9 8 answ]1 praises !m1 t--,gu>d+1 accord+ to ! duty ( prie/s1 ! in/itutions ( ! ,fa!rs1 ye resolve t ^? regulations %\ld n be trodd5 "u foot1 :i* !y ) no human b ,div9e voice decre$3 viz41 t :atev] 0 be+ c>ri$ on1 al?\gh 9 ! mo/ di/ant & remote prov9ces1 %\ld n be t]m9at$ be=e x 0 br\ght to ! k ( ?is see3 by ! full au?ority ( :i* ! j s5t5ce %\ld be confirm$1 & t !nce all o!r *ur*es might d]ive :at !y %\ld ord]2 :om !y %\ld absolve2 :om1 z be+ bemir$ ) ineffaceable pollution1 ! /ream1 t is wor?y only ( pure bodies1 %\ld avoid2 s t z f _! p>5t s\rce all wat]s %\ld fl[1 & ?r\gh ! diff]5t regions ( ! :ole _w ! pure /reams ( ! f\nta9 well =? uncorrupt$4#dd ,& 9 l mann] to ! ,bi%ops ( ,numidia1 at ! same ,c\ncil4 ,ye d1 !re=e1 dilig5tly & becom+ly consult ! secrets ( ! ,apo/olical hon\r1 7t hon\r1 ,i mean1 on :i* beside ^? ?+s t are )\t1 ! c>e ( all ! ,*ur*es awaits17 z to :at judgm5t is to be pass$ on d\btful matt]s1 foll[+ 9 soo? ! direction ( ! anci5t rule1 :i* y "k1 z well z ,i1 has ev] be5 obs]v$ 9 ! :ole _w4 ,b ?is ,i pass by1 = ,i am sure y\r prud5ce is aw>e ( x3 = h[ c\ld y by y\r actions h confirm$ ?is1 save z kn[+ t ?r\gh\t all prov9ces answ]s are ev] emanat+ z f ! ,apo/olic f\nta9 to inquir]s8 ,especially1 s (t5 z a matt] ( fai? is "u inquiry1 ,i conceive t all our bre?r5 & fell[-,bi%ops ought n to ref]1 save to ,pet]1 t is1 ! s\rce ( _! own "n & hon\r1 j z y\r affection ha? n[ ref]r$1 = :at may b5efit all ,*ur*es 9 common1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w4 ,= ! inv5tors ( evils mu/ necess>ily become m cauti\s1 :5 !y see t at ! ref]5ce ( a d\ble synod !y h be5 sev]$ f ecclesia/ical communion by our s5t5ce4#de ,!re is c]ta9ly an indef9it5ess ab\t ^! expressions1 :i* may be made to embrace any?+2 b !y d n fairly mean m ?an t sup]vision ( ! fai? :i* belong$ to ! (fice ( ! fir/ ( ! ,patri>*s4 ,moreov]1 !y come f a ,pope2 9 ,/4 ,augu/9's m\?1 !y w\ld h mu* m =ce4 ,!y %[ u1 besides1 :at a t5d5cy !re 0 9 ! p[] ( ! ,patri>* cont9ually to increase1 z be+ ! c5tre ( appeal to s _m1 n only ,bi%ops1 b ,metropolitans4 ,nay1 at ?is v "t1 )9 less ?an a c5tury1 a rival p[] _h gr[n up 9 ! ,ea/1 9 ! ,see ( ,con/ant9ople1 :i*1 f a simple bi%opric1 "u ! ,ex>* ( ,h]aclea1 ?reat5$ to pu% aside ! ,patri>*s ( ,alex&ria & ,antio*2 &1 by virtue ( ! ,imp]ial resid5ce at1 or ne> ,con/ant9ople1 to ex]cise z great an influ5ce ?r\gh ! :ole ,ea/1 z ,rome did 9 ! ,we/4 ,if ?is happ5$ :]e !re 0 no ,apo/olic ,see to build ^u1 b simply ! privileges ( ! royal city1 h[ mu* m 9 ! case ( ,rome1 :i* /ood alone 9 ! ,we/ ! s+le object ( common rev]5ce2 s9ce x is well kn[n1 says ?is same ,pope ,innoc5t1 t !re 7 no *ur*es f\nd$ by any "o1 ei!r 9 ,italy1 ! ,gauls1 ,spa91 ,africa1 ,sicily1 or 9 ! adjac5t isl&s1 unless by ^? :om ! ,apo/le ,/4 ,pet]1 or 8 successors1 _h appo9t$ ,bi%ops4#df ,s t ! ,pope1 on ! ,patri>*al !ory1 0 ! common fa!r ( ! :ole ,we/4 ,9 ! latt] ye>s ( ,/4 ,augu/9's life1 ! important "q ( appeals f ,african ,bi%ops to ,rome 0 settl$4 ,api>ius1 a prie/1 _h be5 excommunicat$ by 8 ,bi%op1 & appeal$ to ! ,pope4 ,! ,bi%ops ( ,africa w\ld n agree to ! ,pope's claim1 t ! causes ( cl]gy1 condemn$ by _! own ,bi%op1 %\ld be br\ght be=e ! neighb\r+ ,bi%ops2 nor t ,bi%ops %\ld appeal to ,rome4 ,! ,pope alleg$ ! ,canons ( ,nicea1 7n1 be x obs]v$1 an inh]5t p[] 9 8 see to judge ,bi%ops27 ! ,bi%ops ( ,africa said !y c\ld n f9d ^? ,canons 9 ! copies :i* !y _h4 ,!y agre$1 h[ev]1 to be ?us treat$1 provisionally1 = a %ort "t1 till !y 7 bett] in=m$ ( ! decrees ( ,nicea4 ,x turn$ out t1 by ! ,canons ( ,nicea1 ! ,pope meant ^? ( ,s>dica1 to :i* ! ,african ,bi%ops refus$ ob$i5ce4 ,! end ( ?is 01 t ,pope ,/4 ,coele/9e re/or$ ,api>ius to communion1 & s5t him back to ,africa1 ) ,fau/9us1 8 ,legate4 ,at 8 arrival1 ! ,bi%ops ( ,africa assembl$ a ,c\ncil1 9 :i* ,aurelius1 ( ,c>?age1 & ,val5t9e1 ,primate ( ,numidia1 presid$4 ,?irte5 m are nam$1 b ! "n ( ,/4 ,augu/9 does n appe> among !m4 ,?is ,c\ncil hav+ exam9$ ! affair ( ,api>ius1 f\nd him *>g$ ) s _m crimes1 t x 0 impossible = ,fau/9us to def5d him1 ?\gh he act$ ! "p r ( an advocate ?an ( a judge1 & violat$ all "r 9 ! opposition he ma9ta9$ aga9/ ! :ole ,c\ncil1 "u pret5ce ( support+ ! privileges ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,= he want$ ,api>ius to be receiv$ to ! communion ( ! ,bi%ops ( ,africa1 because ! ,pope _h re/or$ him to x1 believ+ t he _h appeal$1 ?\gh he c\ld n prove ev5 ! fact ( 8 appeal4 ,aft] a debate ( ?ree days1 ,api>ius at la/1 /ung ) remorse1 & mov$ by ,god1 confess$1 on a sudd51 all ! crimes ( :i* he _h be5 accus$1 :i* 7 s infam\s & incr$ible z to draw groans f ! :ole ,c\ncil2 aft] :i* he 0 = ev] depriv$ ( all ecclesia/ical adm9i/ration4 ,! ,bi%ops wrote a synodical lett] to ,pope ,coele/9e1 9 :i* !y conjure him1 = ! future1 n to receive to 8 communion ^? :o h be5 excommunicat$ by !m2 s9ce ?is 0 a po9t rul$ by ! ,nic5e ,c\ncil4 ,=1 !y add$1 if ?is be =bidd5 ) respect to ! m9or ,cl]gy1 or ,laym51 h[ mu* m did ! ,c\ncil int5d its obs]vance 9 respect to ,bi%ops8 ,^?1 !re=e1 :o are int]dict$ f communion 9 _! own prov9ces1 ought n to be re/or$ by y\r ,hol9ess too ha/ily1 & 9 opposition to ! rules2 & y ought to reject ! ,prie/s1 & o!r ,cl]gy1 :o are s ra% z to h rec\rse to y4 ,= no ord9ance ( our fa!rs has depriv$ ! ,*ur* ( ,africa ( ?is au?ority1 & ! decrees ( ! ,nic5e ,c\ncil h subject$ ! ,bi%ops !mselves to _! respective ,metropolitans4 ,!y h orda9$ ) great wisdom & ju/ice1 t all matt]s %\ld be t]m9at$ 9 ! places :5 !y arise2 & did n ?9k t ! grace ( ! ,holy ,gho/ w\ld be want+ 9 any prov9ce to be/[ on its ,bi%ops ! k & /r5g? necess>y = _! decisions2 especially1 s9ce :osoev] ?9ks himself wrong$1 may appeal to ! ,c\ncil ( 8 prov9ce1 or ev5 to a ,g5]al ,c\ncil1 unless x be imag9$ t ,god c inspire a s+le individual ) ju/ice1 & refuse x to an innum]able multitude ( assembl$ ,bi%ops4 ,& h[ %all we be able to rely on a s5t5ce pass$ beyond ! sea1 s9ce x w n be possible to s5d ?i!r ! necess>y witnesses1 :e!r f ! weakness ( sex1 or ( advanc$ age1 or any o!r imp$im5t8 ,= t y\r ,hol9ess %\ld s5d any "o on y\r "p we c f9d orda9$ by no ,c\ncil4 ,) reg>d to :at y h s5t u by our bro!r1 ,fau/9us1 z be+ conta9$ 9 ! ,nic5e ,c\ncil1 we f9d no?+ ( ! k9d 9 ! m au!ntic copies ( t ,c\ncil1 :i* we h receiv$ f our bro!r1 ! ,bi%op ( ,alex&ria1 & ! v5]able ,atticus1 ( ,con/ant9ople1 & :i* we =m]ly s5t to ,boniface1 y\r pr$ecessor1 ( happy memory4 ,= ! re/1 :oev] desires y to delegate any ( y\r cl]gy to execute y\r ord]s1 we besee* y n to comply1 le/ x seem t we are introduc+ ! pride ( secul> dom9ion into ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 :i* ought to exhibit to all m5 an example ( simplicity & humility4 ,= z to our bro!r ,fau/9us1 s9ce ! wret*$ ,api>ius is cut (f f ! ,*ur*1 we dep5d confid5tly on y\r goodness1 t1 )\t violat+ bro!rly *>ity1 ,africa %all be no long] =c$ to endure him4 ,su* is ! lett] ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,africa to ,pope ,/4 ,coele/9e4#dg ,i confess x 0 n )\t a/oni%m5t t ,i fir/ read ?is passage ( hi/ory2 s exactly _h ! ,african ,bi%ops1 9 #dbf1 :5 ! greate/ fa!r ( ! ,*ur* 0 "o ( !m1 anticipat$ & plead$ ! cause ( ! ,engli% ,*ur*1 9 #aecd4 ,x is precisely ! same claim made 9 bo? in/ances1 viz4 t ^! two laws %\ld be obs]v$1 on :i* ! /ability ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! :ole ,*ur* ,ca?olic re/s2 z ,?omass9 rem>ks3--fir/1 t ! action ( ! ,bi%op 9 8 own diocese1 9 matt]s prop] to t diocese1 %\ld n be int]f]$ )2 secondly1 t ! action ( ! ,metropolitan ) 8 ,suffragans1 9 matt]s belong+ to 8 prov9ce1 %\ld be left equally free4 ,:o ev] accus$ ! ,african ,bi%ops1 & ,/4 ,augu/91 ( s*ism1 = ma9ta9+ a "r :i* _h come d[n to !m f all antiquity1 0 possess$ & act$ on all ov] ! ,*ur*1 0 specifically enact$ at ! greate/ ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil1 & recognis$ 9 e prov9cial ,c\ncil held up to t "t8 ,?is 0 all t ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& claim$2 %e bas$ h] claim on ! unv>y+ practice ( ! :ole ,*ur* dur+1 at lea/1 ! fir/ six c5turies4 ,we repeat1 x is n a case ( d\bt1 ( conflict+ te/imony1 9 words else:]e quot$1 ( ,popes aga9/ ,popes1 ,c\ncils aga9/ ,c\ncils1 "s ,fa!rs aga9/ o!rs1 ! same ,fa!rs aga9/ !mselves2 a cons5t ( ,fa!rs ( "o age aga9/ a cons5t ( ,fa!rs ( ano!r age1 ! ,*ur* ( "o age aga9/ ! ,*ur* ( ano!r age4#dh ,x is ! ,*ur* ( ! ,m>tyrs1 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,fa!rs1 ( ,a?anasius1 ,basil1 ,gregory1 & ,*ryso/om1 ,ambrose1 ,j]ome1 ,augu/91 & ,gregory ! ,great1 be>+ "o unbiass$ indisputable witness1 atte/$ 9 a hundr$ ,c\ncils1 d5i$ 9 none1 = ! ,patri>*al sy/em1 & aga9/ a p[] assum$ by "o ,bi%op1 ?\gh ! greate/1 mo/ v5]able1 & mo/ illu/ri\s 9 8 own see1 to int]f]e1 disp5se )1 susp5d1 or abrogate1 ! au?ority ( ! ,bi%op 9 8 ,diocese1 & ( ! ,metropolitan 9 8 ,c\ncil2 to ex]cise s+ly1 by himself1 p[]s :i* belong only to an ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil1 & to annul ! enactm5ts ( at lea/ ! fir/ f\r ,ecum5ical ,c\ncils4 ,_h an advocate be5 in/ruct$ to draw out ! ab/ract case ( ! ,engli% ,*ur*1 he c\ld n h describ$ x m exactly ?an ! ,african ,bi%ops 9 /at+ _! own4 ,true1 inde$1 x is1 t ! ,african ,bi%ops 7 ma9ta9+ a "r :i* n only _h nev] be5 int]rupt$1 b 0 univ]sal2 :ile ! ,engli% ,bi%ops resum$ a p[] :i* _h be5 surr5d]$1 n only by !m1 b by all ! we/ ( ,europe1 = _m hundr$ ye>s4 ,accord+ly1 ! ,african ,bi%ops did n suff] ev5 a tempor>y susp5sion ( communion ) ,rome1 = hav+ bo? condemn$ afre% ,api>ius1 :om ! ,pope _h re/or$1 & explicitly refus$ p]mission to ! ,pope to int]f]e 9 ! ord9>y gov]nm5t ( _! dioceses2 :ile ! ,engli% ,*ur* has ev] s9ce be5 accus$ ( s*ism by ! re/ ( ! ,lat9 communion4 ,?is decision ( ! ,african ,bi%ops1 9 ! ye> #dbf1 is a pro( t ! ,canon ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,s>dica1 conf]r+1 9 c]ta9 cases1 ! p[] ( ord]+ a cause to be rehe>d on ! ,pope1 & ! mo/ fav\rable to 8 au?ority ( any ,canon ( an anci5t ,c\ncil1 0 yet n receiv$ ev5 ?r\gh\t all ! ,we/4 ,9 ! ye> #djb1 ,/4 ,augu/9 wrote a lett] to ! ,ca?olics1 commonly call$ 8 treatise on ! ,unity ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! be>+ ( ?is book on ! controv]sy respect+ s*ism betwe5 ourselves & ! ,roman ,ca?olics is v rem>kable4 ,! ,sa9t ref]s triumphantly to mo/ express passages f ! ,law1 ! ,prophets1 ! ,psalms1 our ,"l's own tea*+1 & t ( ,8 ,apo/les1 be>+ witness to ! ca?olicity ( ! ,*ur*1 an ,ecclesia toto t]r>um orbe diffusa4 ,he *all5ges 8 adv]s>ies1 ! ,donati/s1 to produce a s+le passage1 :i* ei!r re/rict$ ! ,*ur* to ! conf9es ( ,africa1 or decl>$ t x w\ld p]i% f ! re/ ( ! _w1 & be re/or$ out ( ,africa4 ,8 te/ seems decisive aga9/ ! ,donati/s1 & aga9/ all ^? :o 9 aft] times h re/rict$ ! ,*ur* to "o prov9ce1 or h decl>$ ! ,roman ,*ur* to be s corrupt t x is n a "p ( ! true ,*ur*4 ,= if x be n1 !n ! promises ( ,*ri/ h fail$4 ,b :ile x annihilates ! position ( ! ,donati/s1 & ( ! ,puritan or ,evangelical faction 9 ^! pres5t times1 x leaves unassail$ t ( ,&rewes & ,k54 ,/4 ,augu/9 e :]e appeals to ! ,*ur* spread ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w1 z be+1 by virtue ( t fact1 ! "o communion 9 :i* alone !re 0 salvation1 & ?is ^u ! te/imony ( ! ,holy ,scriptures only4 ,to salvation itself1 & et]nal life1 no "o arrives1 save he :o has ,*ri/ = 8 head4 ,b no "o c h ,*ri/ = 8 head1 except he be 9 ,8 ,body1 :i* is ! ,*ur*1 :i* l ! ,head itself we ought to recognise 9 ! ,holy ,canonical ,scriptures1 nor to seek aft] x 9 ! v>i\s reports1 op9ions1 do+s1 say+s1 & sights ( m54#di ,b 9 ! :ole book !re is n "o ^w ab\t ! ,roman see1 or ! necessity ( communion ) x1 save z x =ms "p ( ! "o univ]sal ,*ur*4 ,x is n nam$ by itself any m ?an ,alex&ria1 or ,antio*4 ,any "o w see ! =ce ( ?is fact :o has b look$ into ! writ+s ( late ,roman ,ca?olic au?ors4 ,he w see h[ unwe>i$ !y are 9 sett+ =? ! necessity ( ! action ( ! ,roman see2 h[ !y consid] x1 & rightly1 ! c5tre ( _! sy/em2 h[ !y are ev] cry+1 ,)\t ! sov]eign pontiff !re is no true ,*ri/ianity4--,de ,mai/re4 ,! contra/ 9 ,/4 ,augu/9 is ! m rem>kable4 ,! cre$ ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t says1 ,i ackn[l$ge "o holy1 ca?olic1 & apo/olic ,roman ,*ur*1 ! "m & mi/ress ( all ,*ur*es3 & ,i promise & v[ true ob$i5ce to ! ,roman ,pontiff1 successor ( ! bless$ ,pet]1 ,pr9ce ( ! ,apo/les1 & ,vic> ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,?is is di/9ct & unambigu\s3 j z mu* s is ,/4 ,augu/9's orbis t]r>um4 ,= ?is ! :ole _w says to !m 7! ,donati/s17 an argum5t mo/ briefly /at$1 b mo/ p[]ful by its tru?4 ,! case is1 ! ,african ,bi%ops _h a conte/ betwe5 !mselves2 if !y c\ld n arrange betwe5 !mselves ! diss5sion :i* _h aris51 s t ! wrong side %\ld ei!r be r$uc$ to concord1 or depriv$1 & !y :o _h ! good cause rema9 9 ! communion ( ! :ole _w ?r\gh ! bond ( unity1 !re 0 c]ta9ly ?is res\rce left1 t ! ,bi%ops beyond ! sea1 :]e ! l>ge/ "p ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is spread1 %\ld judge conc]n+ ! diss5sions ( _! ,african colleagues1#ej c4 ,no d\bt ! ,bi%op ( ,rome 0 "o1 & ! mo/ em95t ( ^! ,bi%ops beyond ! sea2 b ,/4 ,augu/9 ref]s ! decision ( ! ,donati/ controv]sy n to him specially1 b to ! ,bi%ops g5]ally4 ,?is is ! v pr9ciple1 = :i* ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* = a ?\s& ye>s1 & ! ,engli% ,*ur* = ?ree hundr$1 h cont5d$ aga9/ ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,i "k n :e!r :at ,/4 ,augu/9 says or :at he does n say is /ronge/ aga9/ ! pres5t ,roman claim2 b ,i ?9k 8 sil5ce 9 8 book ,de ,unitate ,ecclesiae absolutely conv9c+ to any c&id m9d4 ,let u hold = an infallible tru? 8 dogma1 ,securus judicat orbis t]r>um2 b ! ,lat9 communion is n ! orbis t]r>um4 ,9 tru?1 ! papal supremacy at once cut ! ,*ur* 9 half2 ! ,we/1 :]e ! ,pope's 0 ! only apo/olical see1 unanim\sly held ) him2 ! ,ea/1 ) its f\r patri>*s1 z unanim\sly refus$ 8 claim1 z a new ?+ :i* !y _h nev] receiv$4 ,ev5 ,de ,mai/re obs]ves1 7,liv4 #d4 *4 #d17 ,x is v ess5tial to obs]ve t nev] 0 !re a "q ab\t dogmas betwe5 u at ! beg9n+ ( ! great & fatal division4 ,aga91 ,/4 ,augu/9 has five s]mons on ! day ( ! ,apo/les ,pet] & ,paul2 he enl>ges1 z we might expect1 on _! lab\rs & m>tyrdom2 on ! wond]ful *ange ( life :i* grace produc$ 9 !m1 ! "o ?rice d5y+1 & !n ?rice lov+2 ! o!r1 a blasphem] & p]secutor1 & !n 9 lab\rs m abundant ?an all4 ,he speaks ( _! be+ jo9$ 9 _! dea?1 ! fir/ apo/le & ! la/1 9 ! s]vice & witness ( ,him1 :o is ! ,fir/ & ! ,la/2 ( _! bodies1 ) ^? ( o!r m>tyrs1 ly+ at ,rome4 ,b n "o allusion is !re 9 all ^! to ! ,roman ,pontiff2 n a ^w z to 8 be+ ! heir ( a p[] n committ$ to ! o!r ,apo/les4 ,on ! contr>y1 on ! v occasion ( ,/4 ,pet]'s fe/ival1 he does say1 ,:at 0 comm5d$ to ,pet]1--:at 0 enjo9$ to ,pet]1 n ,pet] alone1 b also ! o!r ,apo/les he>d1 held1 pres]v$1 & mo/ ( all ! p>tn] ( 8 dea? & ( 8 day1 ! ,apo/le ,paul4 ,!y he>d t1 & transmitt$ x = our he>+3 we fe$ y1 we are f$ toge!r ) y4 ,!re=e ha? ! ,"l comm5d$ 8 %eep to u1 because he comm5d$ !m to ,pet]4#ea ,?us ,pet]'s commission is view$ n z exclud+1 b includ+ t ( all ! re/2 n z di/+ui%$ f1 b typical (1 !irs4 ,yet at ?is v "t ,roman ,ca?olics w\ld h u believe t ! successor ( ,pet] communicat$ to all ,bi%ops _! p[] to fe$ ! ,"l's flock2 & t su* a wond]ful p[] & commission is pass$ sub sil5tio by ! ,fa!rs4 ,! v same pr9ciples :i* ! ,great ,voice ( ! ,we/]n ,*ur* proclaims 9 ,africa1 ,/4 ,v9c5t ( ,l]9s repeats f ,gaul4 ,take ! summ>y ( 8 fam\s ,commonitorium by ,alban ,butl]4 ,he laye? d[n ?is rule1 or fundam5tal pr9ciple1 9 :i* he f\nd1 by a dilig5t inquiry1 all ,ca?olic pa/ors & ! anci5t ,fa!rs to agree1 t su* doctr9e is truly ca?olic z ha? be5 believ$ 9 all places1 at all times1 & by all ! fai?ful4 ,by ?is te/ ( univ]sality1 antiquity1 & cons5t1 he sai? all controv]t$ po9ts 9 belief mu/ be tri$4 ,he %ewe?1 t :il/ ,novatian1 ,phot9us1 ,sabellius1 ,donatus1 ,arius1 ,eunomius1 ,jov9ian1 ,pelagius1 ,coele/ius1 & ,ne/orius exp\nd ! ,div9e oracles diff]5t ways1 to avoid ! p]plexity ( errors we mu/ int]pret ! ,holy ,scriptures by ! tradition ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 z ! clue to conduct u 9 ! tru?4 ,= ?is tradition1 d]iv$ f ! ,apo/les1 manife/e? ! true mean+ ( ! ,holy ,scripture1 & all novelty 9 fai? is a c]ta9 m>k ( h]esy2 & 9 religion no?+ is m to be dread$ ?an it*+ e>s aft] new tea*]s4 ,he sai?1 ',!y :o h made bold ) "o article ( fai?1 w proce$ on to o!rs2 & :at w be ! consequ5ce ( ?is re=m+ ( religion1 b only t ^! ref9]s w nev] h done1 till !y h re=m$ x q away8' ,he elegantly expatiates on ! ,div9e *>ge giv5 to ! ,*ur*1 to ma9ta9 inviolable ! sacr$ depositum ( fai?4 ,he takes notice t h]etics quote ! ,sacr$ ,writ+s at e ^w1 & t 9 ! works ( ,paulus ,samosat5us1 ,priscillian1 ,eunomius1 ,jov9ian1 & o!r l pe/s ( ,*ri/5dom1 almo/ e page is pa9t$ & laid on ?ick ) ,scripture texts1 :i* ,t]tullian also rem>ks4 ,b 9 ?is1 sai? ,/4 ,v9c5t1 h]etics are l ^? poison]s or quacks1 :o put (f _! de/ructive potions "u inscriptions ( good drugs1 & "u ! title ( infallible cures4 ,!y imitate ! fa!r ( lies1 :o quot$ ,scripture aga9/ ! ,son ( ,god1 :5 he tempt$ ,him4 ,! ,sa9t adds1 t if a d\bt arise 9 int]pret+ ! mean+ ( ! ,scriptures 9 any po9t ( fai?1 we mu/ summon 9 ! holy ,fa!rs1 :o h liv$ & di$ 9 ! fai? & communion ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & by ?is te/ we %all prove ! false doctr9e to be novel4 ,= t only mu/ we look ^u z indubitably c]ta9 & unalt]able1 :i* all1 or ! major "p ( ^! ,fa!rs h deliv]$1 l ! h>moni\s cons5t ( a g5]al c\ncil4 ,b if any "o among !m1 be he ev] s holy1 ev] s le>n$1 holds any ?+ besides1 or 9 opposition to ! re/1 t is to be plac$ 9 ! rank ( s+ul> & private op9ions1 & nev] to be look$ ^u z ! public1 g5]al1 au?oritative doctr9e ( ! ,*ur*4 ,aft] a po9t has be5 decid$ 9 a g5]al c\ncil1 ! def9ition is irrefragable4 ,^! g5]al pr9ciples1 by :i* all h]esies are easily conf\nd$1 ,/4 ,v9c5t expla9s ) equal elegance & p]spicuity4 ,! same rules are laid d[n by ,t]tullian 9 8 book ( ,prescriptions1 by ,/4 ,ir5aeus1 & o!r ,fa!rs4--,lives ( ! ,sa9ts1 ,may4 #bd4 ,b n a ^w is !re "h ( ! au?ority ( ! ,see ( ,rome decid+ ( itself :at is1 & :at is n1 error2 or ( its ,communion ( itself be+ a t\*/one ( :at is1 & :at is n1 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,^! are necess>y p>ts ( ! ,papal ,supremacy2 in/ead ( :i* ,/4 ,v9c5t holds univ]sal cons5t4 ,n[ let u he> ,bossuet speak+ ( ,/4 ,v9c5t's rule4 ,^! ?+s !n are und]/ood n by ?is or by t ,doctor1 b by all ,ca?olics ) "o voice1 t ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur* ,ca?olic agree+ is mo/ c]ta91 irrefragable1 & p]spicu\s4 ,*ri/ians mu/ re/ on t agreem5t1 z a mo/ firm & div9e f\ndation2 f :om no?+ else is requir$ b t 9 ! ,apo/les' ,cre$1 t believ+ 9 ! ,holy ,_s !y also believe ! holy ,ca?olic ,*ur*2 & claim = h] ! mo/ c]ta9 au?ority & judgm5t ( ! ,holy ,_s1 by :i* !y are l$ captive to ob$i5ce4 ,:i* entirely proves t ?is indefectible p[] bo? lies & is believ$ to lie 9 cons5t itself2 & ?is cle> & manife/ voice dwells altoge!r 9 ! agreem5t ( ! ,*ur*es2 9 :i* we see cle>ly1 on ! te/imony ( ! same ,v9c5t ( ,l]9s1 t n a "p ( ! ,*ur*1 b univ]sality itself1 is he>d3 ,= we foll[1 sai? he1 ! :ole 9 ?is way1 if we confess t to be ! "o true fai? :i* ! :ole ,*ur* ?r\gh\t ! _w confesses4 ,& a little aft]1 ,:at do? ! ,ca?olic ,*ri/ian1 if any "p ha? cut itself (f f ! communion ( ! univ]sal fai?8 ,:at surely1 b pref] ! s\ndness ( ! :ole body to t pe/il5t & corrupt$ memb]8#eb ,!nce fl[e? unto ,g5]al ,c\ncils t c]ta9 & inv9cible au?ority :i* we recognise 9 !m4 ,= x is on no o!r pr9ciple t ,unity & ,cons5t h =ce 9 ,c\ncils1 or 9 ! assembl$ ,*ur*1 ?an because !y h equal =ce 9 ! ,*ur* spread ?r\gh ! :ole _w4 ,= ! ,c\ncil itself ha? =ce1 because x repres5ts ! :ole ,*ur*2 nor is ! ,*ur* assembl$ 9 ord] t ,unity & ,cons5t may h =ce1 b x is !re=e assembl$1 t ! ,unity :i* 9 itself has =ce 9 ! ,*ur*1 ev]y:]e spread abroad1 may be m cle>ly demon/rat$ 9 ! same ,*ur* assembl$1 by ,bi%ops1 ! ,doctors ( ! ,*ur*es1 z be+ ! prop] witnesses !reunto4 ,h5ce1 !re=e1 is p]ceiv$ a d\ble me?od ( recognis+ ,ca?olic tru?2 ! fir/1 f ! cons5t ( ! ,*ur* ev]y:]e spread abroad2 ! second1 f ! cons5t ( ! ,*ur* unit$ 9 ,ecum5ical or ,g5]al ,c\ncils2 bo? :i* me?ods ,i mu/ set =? 9 detail1 to %[ m cle>ly t ?is infallible & irresi/ible au?ority resides 9 ! :ole body ( ! ,*ur*4 ,he !n proce$s to %[ t ! type or =m ( all ,ecum5ical ,c\ncils 0 tak5 f ! fir/ ,c\ncil held at ,j]usalem by ! ,apo/les4 ,he notes ^! p>ticul>s3 ,fir/1 !re 0 a great diss5sion1 ! cause ( x3 !n1 t ! *ief ,*ur*1 9 :i* ,pet] sat1 0 !n at ,j]usalem2 :5ce x became a maxim1 t ,c\ncils %\ld n be regul>ly held )\t ,pet] & 8 ,successors & ! ,fir/ ,*ur* 9 :i* he sits4 ,?irdly1 x 0 z univ]sal z c\ld be4 ,f\r?ly1 all 7 assembl$ toge!r4 ,fif?ly1 ! "q 0 /at$1 next delib]at$ on1 la/ly decid$ by common s5t5ce2 :i* all became rules = future ,c\ncils4 ,six?ly1 ! discussion is ?us /at$ 9 ! ,acts1 :5 !re _h be5 mu* disput+4 ,sev5?ly1 ! delib]ation is op5$ by ,pet]1 :5ce x became a cu/om t ! ,presid5t ( ! ,c\ncil %\ld fir/ give s5t5ce4 ,eigh?ly1 ,paul & ,b>nabas give _! te/imony1 9 confirmation ( ,pet]'s s5t5ce2 & ,james expressly beg9s ) ,pet]'s words--,simon ha? decl>$1 :5ce ! cu/om t ! re/ give _! voice at ! in/ance ( ! ,presid5t4 ,!y d n1 h[ev]1 s proce$ z if !y 7 altoge!r b\nd by ! au?ority ( ! fir/ s5t5ce1 b !mselves give judgm5t2 & ,james says1 ',i give s5t5ce4' ,!n he proposes :at additions seem$ good to ! pr9cipal "q1 & gives s5t5ce also conc]n+ !m4 ,t5?ly1 ,! decree 0 !n drawn up 9 ! common "n1 & add+ ! au?ority ( ! ,holy ,_s1 ',x seem$ good unto u be+ assembl$ ) "o accord1' & ',x seem$ good to ! ,holy ,gho/ & to u2' !re !n lies ! =ce1 'to ! ,holy ,gho/ & to u3' n1 :at seem$ good to ,pet] precisely1 b1 to u2 & l$ by ! ,_s1 n ,pet] alone1 b ! unity itself ( ! holy ,c\ncil4 ,:5ce1 too1 ,*ri/ said t conc]n+ ! ,_s :om he 0 ab\t to s5d3 ',b :5 ,he1 ! ,_s ( tru?1 is come1 ,he %all tea* y all tru?3' y1 sai? ,he1 ! ,pa/ors ( ! ,*ur*es1 & ! ,ma/]s ( ! re/4 ,h5ce1 ! ,_s is always add$ to ! ,*ur* & ! holy congregation4 ',i believe 9 ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! holy ,*ur*1 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*3' & ) reason !re=e1 & c>efully 0 ! maxim :i* we h m5tion$ laid d[n ( old by our ,doctors3 ',! /r5g? ( ,c\ncils resides n 9 ! ,roman ,pontiff alone1 b *iefly 9 ! ,holy ,_s & 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4' ,elev5?ly3 :5 ! matt] _h be5 judg$ by common s5t5ce1 no?+ 0 aft]w>ds reconsid]$1 nor any new diss5sion left to any "o2 b ! decree 0 c>ri$ to ! ,*ur*es1 & ! p are taught to keep ! decrees :i* 7 decre$1 9 ! ,greek 'judg$1' by ! ,apo/les & ,eld]s :i* 7 at ,j]usalem4 ,?is we ,ca?olics urge ) common cons5t aga9/ h]etics :o decl9e ! comm&s & au?ority ( ,c\ncils3 :i* w\ld h no =ce1 unless toge!r ) ! au?ority we also prove ! =m1 & place ! =ce itself ( ! decree1 n 9 ,pet] alone1 b 9 ,unity1 & 9 ! ,cons5t ( ! ,apo/les & ! ,pa/ors ( ! ,*ur*4#ec ,9 ano!r place he says1 ',9 ecclesia/ical acts we d inde$ f9d t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is affirm$ by ,*ief ,pontiffs & ,c\ncils to be repres5t$ by ,ecum5ical ,synods1 :i* conta9 all its virtue & p[]1 :i* we are wont to mean by ! ^w repres5t4 ,b ?is we d n read ( ! ,roman ,pontiff1 z affirm$ ei!r by ! ,pontiffs !mselves1 or by ,ecum5ical ,c\ncils1 or any :]e 9 ,ecclesia/ical ,acts4#ed ,i h be5 unable to f9d any te/imony ( ,/4 ,*ryso/om to ! transmission ( ,/4 ,pet]'s primacy ov] ! :ole ,*ur* to ! ,bi%op ( ,rome4 ,he has1 h[ev]1 a passage ab\t ,rome :i* is wor? transcrib+2 = sometimes1 z we h j se51 z mu* is prov$ by :at is n said1 z by :at is said4 ,speak+ !n ( ,/4 ,paul1 he writes3--,r if we li/5 to him "h1 we %all surely see him !re2 if n /&+ ne> him1 yet we %all see him surely %9+ ne> to ! ,k+'s ?rone1 :]e ! ,*]ubim ascribe glory1 :]e ! ,s]aphim spread _! w+s4 ,!re ) ,pet] %all we behold ,paul--him t is ! lead] & director ( ! *oir ( ! sa9ts1--& %all enjoy 8 true love4 ,= if1 be+ "h1 he s lov$ m51 t hav+ ! *oice to dep>t & be ) ,*ri/1 he *ose to be "h1 mu* m !re w he %[ w>m] affection4 ,rome likewise = ?is d ,i love1 al?\gh hav+ reason o!rwise to praise h]1 bo? = h] size1 & h] antiquity1 & h] beauty1 & h] multitude1 & h] p[]1 & h] weal?1 & h] victories 9 w>4 ,b pass+ by all ^! ?+s1 = ?is ,i c\nt h] bless$2 because1 :5 alive1 he 7,paul7 wrote to !m1 & lov$ !m s mu*1 & w5t & conv]s$ ) !m1 & !re f9i%$ 8 life4 ,:]e=e ! city is on t acc\nt m rem>kable ?an = all o!r ?+s toge!r1 & l a great & /rong body1 x has two %9+ eyes1 ! bodies ( ^! sa9ts4 ,n s bright is ! heav5 :5 ! sun s5ds =? 8 beams1 z is ! city ( ! ,romans s5d+ =? ev]y:]e ov] ! _w ^! two lights4 ,!nce %all ,paul1 !nce %all ,pet]1 be caught up4 ,?9k1 & tremble1 :at a sight %all ,rome behold1 :5 ,paul sudd5ly rise? f t re/+-place ) ,pet]1 & is c>ri$ up to meet ! ,"l4 ,:at a rose do? ,rome (f] to ,*ri/6 ) :at two g>l&s is t city cr[n$6 ) :at gold5 fett]s is %e girdl$2 :at f\nta9s does %e possess6 ,!re=e d ,i admire t city2 n = ! multitude ( its gold1 nor = its columns1 nor = its o!r spl5d\rs1 b = ^! ! pill>s ( ! ,*ur*4#ee ,_h ,/4 ,*ryso/om felt l a ,roman ,ca?olic c\ld he h /opp$ !re8 ,lov+ ,rome = possess+ ! bless$ & priceless bodies ( ! two ,apo/les1 c\ld he h fail$ to m5tion ! sov]eignty ( ! univ]sal ,*ur*1 :i* toge!r ) 8 body ,pet] _h left en%r9$ at ,rome8 ,w\ld x n h seem$ to him by f> ! greate/ m>vel at ,rome1 z x has to a late eloqu5t p>tisan1 t ,provid5ce has plac$ 9 ! middle ( ! _w1 to be !re ! *ief ( a religion )\t its l1 & ( a society spread ev]y:]e1 a man )\t def5ce1 an old man :o w be ! m ?reat5$1 ! m ! increase ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! _w %all augm5t ! jeal\sy ( pr9ces1 & ! hatr$ ( 8 enemies4#ef ,?is vic> ( ,god1 ?is supreme pontiff ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ?is ,fa!r ( k+s & ( nations1 ?is successor ( ! fi%]man ,pet]1 he lives1 he raises among m5 8 br[1 *>g$ ) a triple cr[n1 & ! sacr$ weight ( eighte5 c5turies2 ! ambassadors ( nations are at 8 c\rt3 he s5ds =? 8 m9i/]s to e creature1 & ev5 to places :i* h n yet a "n4 ,:5 f ! w9d[s ( 8 palace he gazes abroad1 8 sight discov]s ! mo/ illu/ri\s horizon 9 ! _w1 ! e>? trodd5 by ! ,romans1 ! city !y _h built ) ! spoils ( ! univ]se1 ! c5tre ( ?+s "u _! two pr9cipal =ms1 matt] & _s3 :]e all nations h pass$2 all glories h come3 all cultivat$ imag9ations h at lea/ made a pilgrimage f f>3 ,rome1 ! tomb ( ,m>tyrs & ,apo/les1 ! home ( all recollections4 ,& :5 ! ,pontiff /ret*es =? 8 arms to bless x1 toge!r ) ! _w :i* is insep>able f x1 he c be> a witness to himself :i* no sov]eign %all ev] be>1 t he has nei!r built nor conqu]$1 nor receiv$ 8 city1 b t he is its inmo/ & endur+ life1 t he is 9 x l ! blood 9 ! he>t ( man1 & t "r c g no fur!r ?an ?is1 a cont9u\s g5]ation :i* w\ld make ! p>ricide a suicide4 ,su* feel+s z ^! are :at any ,*ur*man mu/ habitually ent]ta91 :o looks on ! ,roman ,pontiff z at once ! gov]n+ p[] & ! life ( ! ,*ur*4 ,c\ld1 !n1 ,/4 ,*ryso/om h beheld 9 ,rome ! ,*ur*'s he>t1 :5ce h] life-blood c\rses ov] ! :ole body1 & h se5 no reason to love h] = t8 or h /at$ t %e 0 m rem>kable = possess+ ev5 ! bodies ( ! bless$ ,apo/les ?an = all o!r ?+s toge!r8 ,:at ,roman ,ca?olic w\ld s speak n[8 ,! p[] ( ! ,roman ,pontiff 9 ! ,lat9 ,communion is actually su*1 t ,lacordaire's words respect+ ! city ( ,rome apply to ! :ole ,*ur*2 to de/roy t p[] w\ld be to de/roy ! ,*ur* h]self2 ! p>ricide w\ld be a suicide4 ,b h[ c ?is dogma be impos$ ^u u z necess>y to salvation1 if ,/4 ,augu/91 ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 & ! ,*ur* ( _! day knew x n8 or let x be %[n u1 h[ any m5 :o did "k x1 c\ld ei!r h writt5 z !y write1 or h be5 sil5t z !y are sil5t4 ,we may sum up ,/4 ,augu/9's view ( ! relation ( ! ,roman ,pontiff to 8 bro!r ,bi%ops 9 8 own beautiful words to ,pope ,boniface3 ,to sit on our wat*-t[]s & gu>d ! flock belongs 9 common to all ( u :o h episcopal functions1 al?\gh ! hill on :i* y /& is m conspicu\s ?an ! re/4#eg ,my object 9 ^! rem>ks ?r\gh\t has be5 to %[1 t a d5ial ( ei!r ( ^! tru?s is a violation ( ! ,*ur*'s div9e con/itution4 ,! ,papacy has greatly obscur$ ! ess5tial equality ( ,bi%ops2 its oppon5ts h av5g$ !mselves by expla9+ away ! unque/ionable ,primacy ( ,/4 ,pet]1 & its important action on ! :ole ,*ur*4 ,:at ?is ,primacy 01 & h[ x 0 ex]cis$ at a mo/ important crisis ( ! ,*ur*1 ,i w n[ endeav\r to %[4 ,five ye>s aft] ! decision ( ! ,african ,bi%ops ab\t appeals1 ! ?ird ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil assembl$ at ,ephesus1--& "h1 z 9 o!r cases1 ,i pref] t ano!r %\ld speak1 & he ! mo/ illu/ri\s ,prelate ( ,france 9 mod]n times4#eh ,9 ! ?ird g5]al ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus1 & 9 ^? :i* foll[1 our :ole argum5t w appe> 9 cle>] light1 its ,acts be+ 9 our h&s2 & !re exi/+ v _m judgm5ts ( ,roman ,pontiffs on matt]s ( fai?1 set =? ) ! :ole au?ority ( _! see1 :i* 7 aft]w>ds re-consid]$ 9 g5]al ,c\ncils1 & only approv$ aft] exam9ation1 ?an :i* no?+ c be m oppos$ to ! op9ion ( infallibility4 ,& z to ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus1 ! ?+ is cle>4 ,! innovation ( ,ne/orius1 ,bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople1 is kn[n2 h[1 by d5y+ to ! ,virg9 ,m>y ! title ( ',"m ( ,god1' he divid$ into two ! p]son ( ,*ri/4 ,pope ,/4 ,coele/9e1 wat*ful1 accord+ to 8 (fice1 ov] ! affairs ( ! ,*ur*1 _h *>g$ ! bless$ ,cyril1 ,bi%op ( ,alex&ria1 to s5d him a c]ta9 report ( ! doctr9e ( ,ne/orius1 already 9 bad repute4 ,cyril decl>es ?is 9 8 lett] to ,ne/orius2 & s he writes to ,coele/9e all ! doctr9es ( ,ne/orius1 & sets =? 8 own3 he s5ds him two lett]s f himself to ,ne/orius1 :o likewise1 by 8 own lett]s & explanations1 endeav\r$ to draw ,coele/9e to 8 side4 ,?us ! holy ,pontiff1 hav+ be5 mo/ fully in=m$ by lett]s f bo? sides1 is ?us inquir$ ( by ,cyril4 ',we h n confid5tly ab/a9$ f communion ) him 7,ne/orius7 be=e in=m+ y ( ?is2 condesc5d1 !re=e1 to unfold y\r judgm5t1 t we may cle>ly "k :e!r we ought to communicate ) him :o *]i%es su* errone\s doctr9e4' ,& he adds1 t 8 judgm5t %\ld be writt5 to ! o!r ,bi%ops also1 t all ) "o m9d may hold firm 9 "o s5t5ce4 ,"h is ! ,apo/olic ,see manife/ly consult$ by s great a man1 presid+ ov] ! second1 or at lea/ ! ?ird1 ,patri>*al ,see1 & its judgm5t await$2 & no?+ rema9$ b t ,coele/9e1 be+ duly consult$1 %\ld p]=m 8 ,apo/olic (fice4 ,b h[ he did ?is1 ! acts !mselves w speak out4 ,& fir/1 he approves ( ,cyril's lett]s & doctr9e2 = he writes to him ?us3 ',we p]ceive t y hold & ma9ta9 all t we hold & ma9ta93' & to ,ne/orius1 ',we h approv$1 & d approve1 ! fai? ( ! ,prelate ( ! ,*ur* ( ,alex&ria3' & he ?reat5s him ) extremities1 ,if y prea* n t :i* ,cyril prea*es4' ,no?+ c\ld be said m m>k$4 ,nor does he only approve ,cyril's doctr9e1 b disapproves1 too1 ! p]v]se dogma ( ,ne/orius3 ',we h se51' he says1 'y\r lett]s conta9+ op5 blasphemy2' & t di/9ctly1 because he 0 unwill+ to call ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ',"m ( ,god3' & he decrees t he %\ld be depriv$ ( ! episcopate & communion1 unless1 )9 t5 days f ! date ( ! ann\nc+ ( ! s5t5ce1 he op5ly rejects ?is fai?less innovation1 :i* endeav\rs to sep>ate :at ,scripture jo9e? toge!r1 t is1 ! ,p]son ( ,*ri/4 ,"h is ! doctr9e ( ,ne/orius expressly disapprov$1 & a s5t5ce ( ! ,roman ,pontiff on a matt] ( fai? mo/ cle>ly pron\nc$ "u ?reat ( deposition & excommunication3 !n1 t no?+ be want+1 ! holy ,pope commits 8 au?ority to ,cyril to c>ry into execution t s5t5ce1 'associat+1' he sai? to ,cyril1 '! au?ority ( our ,see1 & us+ our p]son1 place1 & p[]3' s to ,ne/orius himself2 s to ! ,cl]gy ( ,con/ant9ople2 s to ,john ( ,antio*1 !n ! ,bi%op ( ! ?ird or f\r? ,patri>*al ,see2 s to ,juv5al1 ,bi%op ( ! ,holy ,city1 :om ! ,c\ncil ( ,nice _h ord]$ to be especially hon\r$3 s he writes to ! o!r ,bi%ops also1 t ! s5t5ce giv5 may be duly & 9 ord] made kn[n to all4 ,cyril proce$s to execute 8 (fice1 & p]=ms all t he _h be5 comm&$4 ,he promulgates & executes ! decrees ( ,coele/9e2 decl>es to ,ne/orius1 t aft] ! t5 days prescrib$ & set =? by ,coele/9e1 he w\ld h no portion1 int]c\rse1 or place ) ! ,prie/hood4 ,no?+ evid5tly is want+ to ! ,apo/olical au?ority be+ mo/ fully ex]cis$2 b :e!r ! s5t5ce put =w>d ) su* au?ority1 aft] a great diss5sion _h aris5 & m5tion be5 made ( an ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil1 0 held to be f9al1 ! succe$+ acts w demon/rate4 ,we h (t5 said--we %all (t5 say--t x is ! con/itution ( ! ,*ur* only 9 extraord9>y cases & diss5sions to recur1 ( necessity1 to an ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil4 ,b 9 ! usual ord] ev5 ! mo/ important que/ions on ! fai?1 :5 !y arise1 are t]m9at$ by ! cons5t ( ! ,*ur* be+ add$ to ! decree ( ! ,roman ,pontiff4 ,?is is cle>ly manife/ f ! cause ( ,ne/orius4 ,we confess pla9ly t ! s5t5ce ( ,coele/9e w\ld h be5 suffici5t1 z ,cyril hop$1 to repress ! new h]esy1 _h n great commotions aris51 & ! matt] seem$ ( su* a nature z to be ref]r$ to an ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil4 ,b ,ne/orius1 ,bi%op ( ! royal city1 possess$ su* influ5ce1 _h deceiv$ m5's m9ds ) su* an appe>ance ( piety1 _h ga9$ s _m ,bi%ops1 & enjoy$ su* fav\r ) ! y\ng] ,!odosius & ! great m51 t he c\ld easily ?r[ ev]y?+ into commotion2 & ?us !re 0 ne$ ( an ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil1 ! "q be+ mo/ important1 & ! p]son ( ! highe/ dignity2 because _m ,bi%ops1 among/ ^! almo/ all ( ! ,ea/1 t is1 ( ! prov9ce ( ,antio*1 & ! ,patri>* ,john himself1 7 ill dispos$ to ,cyril1 & seem$ to fav\r ,ne/orius2 because m5's feel+s 7 divid$1 & ! :ole empire ( ! ,ea/ seem$ to fluctuate betwe5 ,cyril & ,ne/orius4 ,su* 0 ! ne$ ( an ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil4 ,to ?is mu/ be add$ ! pray]s ( ! pi\s & or?odox2 "h 7 mo/ pi\s monks1 :o _h suff]$ mu* f ,ne/orius = ! or?odox fai?1 & ! expression1 ',"m ( ,god1' supplicat+ ! ,emp]or '= a sacr$ & ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil to assemble1 by ! pres5ce ( :i* he %\ld unite ! mo/ holy ,*ur*1 br+ back ! p to "o1 & re/ore to _! place ! ,prie/s :o prea*$ ! pure fai?1 be=e t impi\s doctr9e 7( ,ne/orius7 crept wid]4' ,& aga91 ',we h ask$ y to call toge!r an ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil1 :i* c mo/ fully consolidate & re/ore ! tott]+4' ,"h1 aft] ! judgm5t ( ! ,roman ,pontiff1 a firm & complete settl+ ( ! tott]+ /ate ( ?+s is s\ght = by ! pi\s 9 an ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil4 ,! ,emp]or1 mov$ by ^! & o!r reasons1 wrote to ,cyril1--',x is our w t ! holy doctr9e be discuss$ & exam9$ 9 a sacr$ ,synod1 & t be ratifi$ :i* appe>e? agreeable to ! "r fai?1 :e!r ! wrong p>ty be p>don$ by ! ,fa!rs or no4' ,"h we see ?ree ?+s3 fir/1 aft] ! judgm5t ( ,/4 ,coele/9e1 ano!r is /ill requir$1 t ( ! ,c\ncil2 secondly1 t ^! two ?+s w\ld re/ ) ! ,fa!rs1 to judge ( doctr9e & ( p]sons2 ?irdly1 t ! judgm5t ( ! ,c\ncil w\ld be decisive & f9al4 ,he adds1 '^? :o ev]y:]e preside ov] ! prie/hood1 & ?r\gh :om we ourselves are & %all be pr(ess+ ! tru?1 mu/ be judges ( ?is matt]2 on ^: fai? we re/4' ,see 9 ^: judgm5t is ! f9al & irrev]sible au?ority4 ,bo? ! ,emp]or affirm$1 & ! ,bi%ops confess$1 t ?is 0 done accord+ to ! ,ecclesia/ical ,canons4 ,& s all1 & ,coele/9e himself1 prep>$ !mselves = ! ,c\ncil4 ,cyril does no m1 ?\gh nam$ by ,coele/9e to execute ! pontifical decree4 ,ne/orius rema9$ 9 8 orig9al rank2 ! s5t5ce ( ! univ]sal ,c\ncil is await$2 & ! ,emp]or _h expressly decre$1 't be=e ! assembl+ & common s5t5ce ( ! mo/ holy ,c\ncil1 no *ange %\ld be made 9 any matt] at all1 on any private au?ority4' ,rightly1 & 9 ord]2 = ?is 0 dem&$ by ! maje/y ( an univ]sal ,c\ncil4 ,:]e=e1 bo? ,cyril obey$ & ! ,bi%ops re/$4 ,& x 0 e/abli%$1 t al?\gh ! s5t5ce ( ! ,roman ,pontiff on matt]s ( fai?1 & on p]sons judg$ = violation ( ! fai?1 _h be5 pass$ & promulg$1 all 0 susp5d$1 :ile ! au?ority ( ! univ]sal ,c\ncil 0 await$4 ,?is we h se5 act$ on by ! ,emp]or1 acquiesc$ 9 by ! ,bi%ops & ! ,pope himself4 ,! succe$+ acts w decl>e t x 0 approv$ 9 ! ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil itself4 ,hav+ gone ov] :at prec$$ ! ,c\ncil1 we review ! acts ( ! ,c\ncil itself1 & beg9 ) ! fir/ c\rse ( proce$+4 ,aft]1 !re=e1 ! ,bi%ops & ,ne/orius himself 7 come to ,ephesus1 ! univ]sal ,c\ncil began1 ,cyril be+ presid5t1 & repres5t+ ,coele/9e1 z be+ appo9t$ by ! ,pontiff himself to execute 8 s5t5ce4 ,9 ! fir/ c\rse ( proce$+ ?is 0 done4 ,fir/1 ! above-m5tion$ lett] ( ! ,emp]or 0 read1 t an ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil %\ld be held1 & all proce$+s 9 ! mean "t be susp5d$3 ?is lett]1 ,i say1 0 read1 & plac$ on ! acts1 & x 0 approv$ by ! ,fa!rs1 t all ! decrees ( ,coele/9e 9 ! matt] ( ,ne/orius _h be5 susp5d$ until ! holy ,c\ncil %\ld give its s5t5ce4 ,y w ask if x 0 ! w ( ! ,c\ncil m]ely t ! ,emp]or %\ld be all[$ to prohibit1 9 ! int]im1 effect be+ giv5 to ! s5t5ce ( ! ,apo/olic ,see4 ,n s1 accord+ to ! acts2 b r1 by ! int]v5tion ( a ,g5]al ,c\ncil's au?ority1 7! convocation ( :i*1 accord+ to ! discipl9e ( ^? times1 0 left to ! ,emp]or17 ! ,c\ncil itself und]/ood t all proce$+s 7 ( c\rse susp5d$1 & dep5d$ on ! s5t5ce ( ! ,c\ncil4 ,:]e=e1 ?\gh ! decree ( ! ,pontiff _h be5 promulg$ & notifi$1 & ! t5 days _h long be5 pa/1 ,ne/orius 0 held by ! ,c\ncil itself to be a ,bi%op1 & call$ by ! "n ( ,mo/ ,religi\s ,bi%op1 & by t "n1 too1 ?rice cit$ & summon$ to take 8 seat ) ! o!r ,bi%ops 9 ! holy ,c\ncil2 = ?is expression1 to take 8 seat1 is di/9ctly writt52 & x is add$1 9 ord] to answ] to :at 0 *>g$ aga9/ him4 ,= x 0 _! full purpose t he %\ld recognise1 9 :atev] way1 ! ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil1 z he w\ld !n aft]w>ds be1 beyond d\bt1 answ]able to x2 b he refus$ to come1 & *ose to h 8 doors besieg$ ) an arm$ =ce1 t no "o might approa* him4 ,!reupon1 z ! ,emp]or comm&$1 & ! ,canons requir$1 ! rule ( fai? 0 set =?1 & ! ,nic5e ,cre$ read1 z ! /&>d to :i* all %\ld be ref]r$1 & !n ! lett]s ( ,cyril & ,ne/orius 7 exam9$ 9 ord]4 ,! lett] ( ,cyril 0 fir/ br\ght be=e ! judgm5t ( ! ,c\ncil4 ,t lett]1 ,i mean1 conc]n+ ! fai?1 to ,ne/orius1 s expressly approv$ by ,pope ,coele/9e1 ( :i* he _h decl>$ to ,cyril1 ',we see t y hold & ma9ta9 all t we hold & ma9ta92' :i*1 by ! decree aga9/ ,ne/orius1 publi%$ to all *ur*es1 he _h approv$1 &1 wi%$ to be consid]$ z a canonical monition aga9/ ,ne/orius3 t lett]1 ,i repeat1 0 exam9$1 at ! proposition ( ,cyril himself1 9 ^! words3 ',i am p]suad$ t ,i h 9 no?+ dep>t$ f ! or?odox fai?1 or ! ,nic5e ,cre$2 :]e=e ,i besee* y\r ,hol9ess to set =? op5ly :e!r ,i h writt5 ?is correctly1 blamelessly1 & 9 accordance ) t holy ,c\ncil4' ,& are !re ^? :o say t que/ions conc]n+ ! fai?1 once judg$ by ! ,roman ,pontiff on 8 ,apo/olical au?ority1 are exam9$ 9 g5]al ,c\ncils1 9 ord] to und]/& _! cont5ts1 b n to decide on _! sub/ance1 z be+ /ill a matt] ( "q8 ,let !m he> ,cyril1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,c\ncil2 let !m att5d to :at he proposes = ! inquiry ( ! ,c\ncil3 & ?\gh he 7 consci\s ( no error 9 himself1 yet1 n to tru/ himself1 he ask$ = ! s5t5ce ( ! ,c\ncil 9 ^! words3 ':e!r he _h writt5 correctly & blamelessly1 or n4' ,?is ,cyril1 ! *ief ( ! ,c\ncil1 proposes = _! consid]ation4 ,:o ev] ev5 he>d x :isp]$1 t aft] a f9al & irrev]sible judgm5t ( ! ,*ur* on a matt] ( fai?1 any su* inquiry or "q 0 made8 ,x 0 nev] s done1 = t w\ld be to d\bt ab\t ! fai? itself1 :5 decl>$ & discuss$4 ,b ?is 0 done aft] ! judgm5t ( ,pope ,coele/9e3 nei!r ,cyril1 nor any "o else1 ?\ght ( any o!r c\rse3 t1 !re=e1 0 n a f9al & irrev]sible judgm5t4 ,9 answ] to ?is "q1 ! ,fa!rs 9 ord] give _! judgm5t1--'t ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 & ! lett] ( ,cyril 9 all ?+s agree & h>monise4' ,"h is inquiry & exam9ation1 & !n judgm5t4 ,! acts speak = !mselves3 we say n "h a ^w4 ,next t lett] ( ,ne/orius 0 produc$1 :i* ,coele/9e _h pron\nc$ blasphem\s & impi\s4 ,x is read3 !n at ! in/ance ( ,cyril x is exam9$1 ':e!r ?is1 too1 be agreeable to ! fai? set =? by ! holy ,c\ncil ( ! ,nic5e ,fa!rs1 or n4' ,x is precisely ! same =m accord+ to :i* ,cyril's lett] 0 exam9$4 ,! ,fa!rs1 9 ord]1 give judgm5t t x disagre$ f ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 & 01 !re=e1 c5surable4 ,! lett] ( ,ne/orius is disapprov$ 9 ! same mann]1 by ! same rule1 by :i* t ( ,cyril 0 approv$4 ,"h1 twice 9 ! same proce$+ ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus1 a judgm5t ( ! ,roman ,pontiff conc]n+ ! ,ca?olic ,fai?1 utt]$ & publi%$1 is re-consid]$4 ,:at he _h approv$ & :at he _h disapprov$1 is equally exam9$1 &1 only aft] exam9ation1 confirm$4 ,^! 7 ! fir/ proce$+s ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus 9 ! matt] ( fai?4 ,we proce$ to review :at conc]ns ! p]son ( ,ne/orius1 9 ! same proce$+4 ,fir/1 ! lett] ( ,coele/9e to ,cyril is read & plac$ on ! ,acts2 t1 ,i mean1 9 :i* he gave s5t5ce conc]n+ ,ne/orius3 on :i* s5t5ce1 z ! ,fa!rs 7 %ortly1 aft] full consid]ation1 to pass _! judgm5t1 = ! pres5t x 0 only to be plac$ among ! ,acts4 ,9 ! lett] ( ,coele/9e !re 0 no special doctr9e3 x only conta9$ an approval ( ,cyril's doctr9e & lett]1 & a disapproval ( ^? ( ,ne/orius2 conc]n+ :i* lett]s ( ,cyril & ,ne/orius1 ! judgm5t ( ! ,holy ,c\ncil 0 already pa/1 s t x w\ld be sup]flu\s to add any?+ to !m4 ,b = ! same reason1 ! o!r lett] ( ,cyril be+ read1--t1 ,i mean1 :i* execut$ ! s5t5ce ( ,coele/9e1--no?+ special 0 done conc]n+ t lett]1 b x 0 only ord]$ to be plac$ on ! ,acts4 ,aft] ^! prelim9>ies1 judgm5t 0 to be pron\nc$ on ! p]son ( ,ne/orius4 ,inquiry 0 made1 :e!r :at ,coele/9e _h writt5 to ,ne/orius1 & :at ,cyril _h done 9 execution1 _h be5 notifi$ to ,ne/orius2 x 0 c]tifi$ t x _h be5 notifi$1 & t he _h rema9$ /ill 9 8 op9ion3 & t ! days _h elaps$1 bo? :i* 7 fir/ fix$ by ,/4 ,coele/9e1 &1 aft]w>ds by ! ,emp]or1 convok+ ! ,c\ncil4 ,next1 = accumulation ( pro(1 te/imonies ( ! ,fa!rs are comp>$ ) ! explanations ( ,ne/orius3 ! huge discrepancy %[s ,ne/orius to be an innovator & h]etic4 ,a decree is made 9 ^! words4 ,! holy ,c\ncil decl>es1--',s9ce ! mo/ impi\s ,ne/orius has nei!r be5 will+ to obey our proc$ures1 nor to admit ! ,bi%ops deput$ by u1 we h1 necess>ily1 proce$$ to ! exam9ation ( :at he has impi\sly taught3 f9d+1 !re=e1 p>tly f 8 own lett]s1 p>tly f 8 disc\rses1 t he holds & prea*es impiety1--compell$ by ! holy ,canons1 & by ! lett]s ( our mo/ holy ,fa!r1 our fell[-m9i/]1 ,coele/9e1 ,bi%op ( ! ,roman ,*ur*1--we h come to ?is s5t5ce3 ,our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 by ?is mo/ holy ,c\ncil1 decl>e? ,ne/orius to be depriv$ ( 8 dignity4' ,y see ! ,canons jo9$ ) ! lett]s ( ,coele/9e 9 t]ms1 inde$1 ( high hon\r1 :i* t5d to set =? ! maje/y ( ! ,apo/olic see4 ,y see ! ,c\ncil c>ry out :at ,coele/9e decre$1 & ?us compell$ x comes to a pa9ful judgm5t1 b t a new "o1 & put =? 9 its own t]ms 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/2 & aft]1 by legitimate inquiry1 x 0 evid5t t all _h be5 done rightly & 9 ord]4 ,f9ally1 ! s5t5ce pron\nc$ by ! ,c\ncil1 is writt5 to ! mo/ impi\s ,ne/orius3 ',! holy ,c\ncil to ,ne/orius1 ano!r ,judas3 "k ?\ ha/ be5 depos$ by ! holy ,c\ncil4 ,s he1 :o be=e ! inquiry ( ! holy ,c\ncil 0 call$ ! mo/ religi\s ,bi%op1 aft] ?is inquiry1 is pres5tly set =? z mo/ impi\s1 z ano!r ,judas1 & z depos$ by an irrevocable s5t5ce1 f 8 episcopal seat4 ,?us a mo/ weighty matt] is complet$ by ! mo/ weighty agreem5t2 t same :i* we h ass]t$ gives validity to ev]y?+ 9 ! ,*ur*3 & ! ord] ( ! judgm5t is pla9 9 itself4 ,t is1 s5t5ce is put =? by ,coele/9e2 x is susp5d$ by ! ,convocation ( a ,g5]al ,c\ncil2 x is he>d & exam9$2 x is corroborat$ by a new & irrevocable judgm5t1 unit$ ) ! au?ority ( ! :ole ,*ur*4 ,?is ! ,fa!rs decl>e 9 _! report to ! ,emp]or3 ',we h remov$ ,ne/orius f 8 see1 & canonically depriv$ him2 highly extoll+ ,coele/9e1 ,bi%op ( ,great ,rome1 :o be=e our s5t5ce _h condemn$ ! h]etical doctr9es ( ,ne/orius1 & _h anticipat$ u 9 giv+ judgm5t aga9/ him4' ,?is is t unity1 ?is t agreem5t1 :i* gives inv9cible & irresi/ible =ce to ecclesia/ical judgm5ts4 ,s e ?+ is 9 h>mony1 & our judgm5t is support$4 ,= 9 t ! holy ,c\ncil approves & executes ! judgm5t ( ! ,apo/olical see1 on a matt] ( fai? & on a p]son1 x does1 inde$1 recognise ! legitimate p[] & primacy ( ! said see4 ,9 t x does n approve ( its judgm5t1 until aft] legitimate he>+ & r5ew$ inquiry1 x in/ructs u t ! ,roman ,pontiff is1 inde$1 sup]ior to all ,bi%ops1 b is inf]ior only to a ,g5]al ,c\ncil1 ev5 9 matt]s ( fai?4 ,:i* 0 to be prov$4 ,9 ! mean "t1 ! ,bi%ops ,arcadius & ,projectus1 & ! ,presbyt] ,philip1 _h be5 *os5 by ,coele/9e to be pres5t at ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus1 ) a special commission f ! ,apo/olic see1 & ! :ole ,c\ncil ( ! ,we/4 ,s !y come f ,rome to ,ephesus1 & appe> at ! holy ,c\ncil1 & "h ! second proc$ure comm5ces4 ,wolf1 ( ,l\va91 among/ o!r records ( antiquity1 has put =? ! *>ge ( ,coele/9e to 8 ,legates1 & 8 in/ructions1 z ,coele/9e himself calls !m4 ,9 ^! he *>g$ !m1 to def5d ! dignity ( ! ,apo/olic see2 'n to mix !mselves ) ! diss5sions ( ! ,bi%ops1 ^: judges !y %\ld be1' 9 conjunction1 t is1 ) ! ,c\ncil3 'to conf] on proce$+s ) ,cyril1 z be+ fai?ful4' ,we %all n[ review :at !y did1 9 compliance ) ^! ord]s3 & by ?is we %all easily %[ t our cause is confirm$4 ,fir/1 !y br+ =w>d ! lett] ( ,/4 ,coele/9e to ! ,c\ncil1 9 :i* ! *>ge committ$ to 8 ,legates is ?us express$3--',we h direct$ our holy bre?r5 to be pres5t at ! proce$+s1 & to execute :at we h orda9$4' ,h5ce1 x is evid5t1 t ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus 0 employ$ 9 execut+ ! ,apo/olical judgm5t4 ,b ( :at sort ?is execution is1 :e!r x be1 z !y w h x1 m]e ob$i5ce1 or by a legitimate he>+ ( ! ,c\ncil itself1 & !n by a c]ta9 & infallible judgm5t1 ! ensu+ proce$+s w %[4 ,aft] read+ ! lett] ( ,coele/9e1 ! ,legates1 9 pursuance1 say to ! ,bi%ops2--',accord+ to ! rule ( our common fai?1 comm& to be completely & f9ally settl$ :at ,coele/9e ha? _h ! goodness be=e to lay d[n & n[ to rem9d y (4' ,?is is ! advantage ( a ,c\ncil2 aft] ^: s5t5ce !re is no new discussion1 or new judgm5t1 b m]ely execution4 ,& ?is ! ,legates reque/ to be comm&$ by ! ,c\ncil1 9 :i* !y recognise t supreme au?ority4 ,firmus1 ,bi%op ( ,caes>ea1 9 ,cappadocia1 answ]s = ! ,c\ncil2--',! ,apo/olical & holy ,see ( ! ,bi%op ,coele/9e ha? prescrib$ ! s5t5ce & rule = ! pres5t matt]4' ,! ,greek words are1 ha? fir/ set =? ! s5t5ce & rule1 or type1 :i* expression is aft]w>ds r5d]$1 =m4 ,we w n qu>rel ab\t words2 let u he> ! same ,firmus accurately expla9+ :at ! ?+ is3--',we1' says he1 'h *>g$ to be execut$ ?is =m respect+ ,ne/orius1 alleg+ aga9/ him ! ,canonical & ,apo/olic judgm5t2' t is1 9 ! fir/ proc$ure1 9 :i*1 aft] exam9ation & delib]ation1 we h se5 ! decree ( ,coele/9e confirm$4 ,?us a g5]al ,c\ncil executes ! s5t5ce ( ! ,fir/ ,see1 by legitimate he>+ & inquiry1 & n z a simple function>y2 b aft] giv+ a canonical & apo/olical judgm5t4 ,let ! ,pope's decree1 z is due to ! au?ority ( s great a ,see1 be ! =m1 ! rule2 :i* same1 aft] convocation ( a ,c\ncil1 only receives full au?ority f ! common judgm5t4 ,x behov$1 also1 t ! ,legates1 s5t to ! ,c\ncil on a special mission1 %\ld und]/& :e!r ! proce$+s aga9/ ,ne/orius _h be5 pursu$ accord+ to ! requisition ( ! ,canons1 & due respect to ! ,apo/olic ,see4 ,?is we h already (t5 said2 :]e=e1 ) reason1 !y require ! acts to be communicat$1 't we too1' say !y1 'may confirm !m4' ,! proce$+s !mselves w decl>e :at t confirmation means4 ,aft] t1 at ! reque/ ( ! ,legates1 ! acts aga9/ ,ne/orius 7 giv5 !m1 !y ?us report ab\t !m at ! ?ird proc$ure3--',we h f\nd all ?+s judg$ canonically1 & accord+ to ! ,*ur*'s discipl9e4' ,!re=e judgm5ts ( ! ,apo/olic see are canonically1 &1 accord+ to ! ,*ur*'s discipl9e1 re-consid]$1 aft] delib]ation1 9 a ,g5]al ,c\ncil1 & judgm5t pass$ ^u !m4 ,aft] ! ,legates _h approv$ ! acts aga9/ ,ne/orius communicat$ to !m1 !y reque/ t all :i* _h be5 read & done at ,ephesus f ! beg9n+1 %\ld be read afre% 9 public ,session1 '9 ord]1' !y say1 't obey+ ! =m ( ! mo/ holy ,pope ,coele/9e1 :o ha? committ$ ?is c>e to u1 we may be enabl$ to confirm ! judgm5t also ( y\r ,hol9ess4' ,aft] ^! all _h be5 read afre%1 & ! ,legates agre$ to !m1 ,cyril proposes to ! holy ,c\ncil1 ',t ! ,legates1 by _! signature1 z 0 cu/om>y1 %\ld make pla9 & manife/ _! canonical agreem5t ) ! ,c\ncil4' ,to ?is "q ( ,cyril ! ,c\ncil ?us answ]s1 & decrees t ! ,legates1 by _! subscription1 confirm ! acts2 by :i* place1 ?is confirmation1 spok5 ( by ! ,c\ncil1 is cle>ly no?+ else b to make _! ass5t pla9 & manife/1 z ,cyril propos$4 ,?is true & g5u9e s5se ( confirmation we h (t5 br\ght =w>d1 & %all (t5 aga92 & n[ congratulate ourselves t x is s cle>ly set be=e u by ! holy ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus4 ,b ( :at importance x 0 t ! decrees ( ,ephesus %\ld be confirm$ by ! au?ority ( ! ,legates ( ! ,apo/olic see1 z says ,projectus1 "o ( ! ,legates1 is se5 f h5ce2 because1 al?\gh ,cyril1 hav+ be5 nam$ ! executor ( ! ,pope's s5t5ce1 _h execut$ x 9 ! ,c\ncil1 yet he _h n be5 expressly delegat$ to ! ,c\ncil1 ( :i* ,coele/9e _h yet no ?\ght1 :5 he entru/$ ,cyril to repres5t him4 ,b ,arcadius1 ,projectus & ,philip1 be+ expressly s5t by ,coele/9e to ! ,c\ncil1 confirm$ ! acts ( ! ,c\ncil1 9 virtue ( _! special commission1 & put =? 9 cle> view by all mann] & te/imony ! cons5t ( all ,*ur*es ) ! *ief ,*ur*1 t ( ,rome4 ,add to ?is1 t ! ,legates1 s5t by special commission to ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus1 bore ! s5t5ce1 n only ( ! ,apo/olic see1 b also ( ! :ole ,we/1 :5ce ! ,presbyt] ,philip1 "o ( ! ,legates1 aft] all _h be5 read afre%1 & approv$ by common cons5t1 ?us sums up2 ',x is !n e/abli%$ accord+ to ! decree ( all ,*ur*es1 = ! ,prie/s ( ! ,*ur*1 7,ea/]n & ,we/]n17 ei!r by !mselves1 or by _! ,legates1 to take "p 9 ?is cons5t ( ! ,prie/hood1 :i* 0 pron\nc$ aga9/ ,ne/orius4' ,h5ce x is cle> h[ ! decrees ( ! ,*ur*es !mselves mutually confirm ea* o!r2 = all ^? ?+s h =ce ( confirmation1 :i* decl>e ! cons5t & unity ( all ,*ur*es1 inasmu* z ! /r5g? ( ecclesia/ical decrees itself consi/s 9 unity & mutual agreem5t4 ,s t1 9 putt+ =? an exposition ( ! fai?1 ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/1 & ! ,apo/olic see & ,synodical assemblies1 mutually confirm ea* o!r2 :5ce1 too1 we read t acclamation to ,coele/9e1 9 ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus3--',to ,coele/9e1 gu>dian ( ! fai?1 7to ,coele/9e agree+ ) ! ,c\ncil17 "o ,coele/9e1 "o ,cyril "o fai? ( ! ,c\ncil1' 7"o fai? ( ! :ole _w47 ,^! acclamations1 !n1 ( ,ca?olic unity be+ he>d1 ,philip1 ! ,legate1 ?us answ]s3--',we return ?anks to y\r holy & v5]able ,c\ncil1 because1 by y\r holy voices1 z holy memb]s1 y h jo9$ y\rselves to a holy head2 = y\r bless$ness is n ignorant t ! bless$ ,pet] is ! head ( ! :ole fai?1 or ev5 ( ! ,apo/les4' ,?is1 !re=e1 is ! supreme au?ority--! supreme p[]--t ! memb]s be jo9$ ) ea* o!r1 & to ! ,roman ,pontiff1 z _! head4 ,because ! =ce ( an ecclesia/ical judgm5t is made inv9cible by cons5t4 ,f9ally1 ,coele/9e himself1 aft] ! conclusion ( ! :ole matt]1 s5ds a lett] to ! holy ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus1 :i* he ?us beg9s2 ',at l5g? we mu/ rejoice at ! conclusion ( evils4' ,! le>n$ read] und]/&s :]e he recognises ! conclusion2 t is1 aft] ! condemnation ( ,ne/orius by ! infallible au?ority ( an ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil1 viz4 ( ! :ole ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,he proce$s3 ',we see1 t y1 ) u1 h execut$ ?is matt] s fai?fully transact$4' ,all decree1 & all execute1 t is1 by giv+ a common judgm5t4 ,:5ce ,coele/9e adds1 ',we h be5 in=m$ ( a j deposition1 & a /ill ju/] exaltation3' ! deposition ( ,ne/orius1 begun1 inde$1 by ! ,roman see1 b br\ght to a conclusion by ! s5t5ce ( ! ,c\ncil2 to a full & complete settlem5t1 z we h se5 above3 ! exaltation ( ,maximianus1 imm$iately aft] ! ,ephes9e decrees sub/itut$ 9 place ( ,ne/orius3 ?is is ! conclusion ( ! "q4 ,ev5 ,coele/9e himself recognises ?is conclusion to lie n 9 8 own exam9ation & judgm5t1 b 9 t ( an ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil4 ,& ?is 0 done 9 t ,c\ncil 9 :i* x is admitt$ t ! au?ority ( ! ,apo/olic ,see 0 mo/ cle>ly set =?1 n only by words1 b by de$s1 ( any s9ce ! bir? ( ,*ri/4 ,at lea/ ! ,holy ,c\ncil gives cr$5ce to ,philip utt]+ ^! true & magnific5t encomiums1 'conc]n+ ! dignity ( ! ,apo/olic ,see1 & ,pet] ! head & pill> ( ! ,fai?1 & f\ndation ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & by ,*ri/'s au?ority adm9i/]+ ! keys1 :o to ?is v "t lives ev]1 & ex]cises judgm5t 9 8 successors4' ,?is he says1 aft] hav+ se5 all ! acts ( ! ,c\ncil itself1 :i* we h m5tion$1 s t we may inde$ und]/&1 t all ^! privileges ( ,pet] & ! ,apo/olic ,see entirely agree ) ! decrees ( ! ,c\ncil1 & ! judgm5t ent]$ into afre%1 & delib]ation ^u matt] ( fai? held aft] ! ,apo/olic ,see4 ,! lett] ( ,pope ,coele/9e1 receiv$ ) all hon\r z t ( ! fir/ ,bi%op 9 ! _w1 recognises likewise ! au?ority ( 8 bre?r54 ,x began ?us3 ,! assembly ( ,prie/s is ! visible display ( ! pres5ce ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,he :o _c lie has said1 ',:]e two or ?ree are ga!r$ toge!r 9 my "n1 !re am ,i 9 ! mid/ ( !m3' mu* m w ,he be pres5t 9 s l>ge a cr[d ( holy m52 = ! ,c\ncil is inde$ holy 9 a peculi> s5se1--x claims v5]ation z ! repres5tative ( t mo/ holy ,synod ( ,apo/les :i* we read (4 ,_! ,ma/]1 :om !y 7 comm&$ to prea*1 nev] =sakes !m4 ,x 0 ,he :o taught !m1 x 0 ,he :o in/ruct$ !m1 :at !y %\ld tea* o!rs2 & ,he has assur$ ! _w1 t 9 ! p]son ( ,8 ,apo/les !y he> him4 ,?is *>ge ( tea*+ has desc5d$ equally ^u all ,bi%ops4 ,we are all engag$ 9 x by an h]$it>y "r2 all we1 :o hav+ come 9 _! /ead1 prea* ! "n ( our ,"l to all ! c\ntries ( ! _w1 accord+ to :at 0 said to !m1 ',g ye & tea* all nations4' ,y are to obs]ve1 my bre?r51 t ! ord] we h receiv$ is a g5]al ord]1 & t ,he int5d$ t we %\ld all execute x1 :5 he *>g$ !m ) x z a duty devolv+ equally ^u all4 ,we ought all to ent] into ! lab\rs ( ^? :om we h all succe$$ 9 dignity4 ,?us ,pope ,coele/9e ackn[l$g$ t x 0 ,*ri/ ,himself :o e/abli%$ ,bi%ops 9 ! p]sons ( ,8 ,apo/les1 z ! tea*]s ( ,8 ,*ur*3 ,he places ,himself 9 _! rank1 & decl>es t !y ought all to concur 9 ! pres]vation ( ! sacr$ deposit ( ,apo/olical doctr9e4#ei ,! importance ( ?is te/imony w be felt by ^? :o rememb] t ,bell>m9e specifically d5ies t ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,*ur* resides 9 ,bi%ops g5]ally2 & t 9 ?is he is at lea/ borne out by ! la/ ?ree c5turies ( ,roman practice4 ,bossuet proce$s to rem>k z foll[s3--,f ?is doctr9e ( ,/4 ,coele/9e we draw _m conclusions3 fir/1 ?is1--t ,bi%ops 9 ! ,apo/les 7 appo9t$ tea*]s by ,*ri/ ,himself1 n at all by ,pet]1 or ,pet]'s successors4 ,nor does a ,pontiff1 seat$ 9 s em95t a place1 ?9k x unwor?y to mix himself ) ! re/ ( ! ,bi%ops4 ',we all1' he says1 '9 ! /ead ( ! ,apo/les prea* ! "n ( ! ,"l3 we all h succe$$ !m 9 hon\r4' ,:5ce x is ! m evid5t t au?ority to tea* 0 transmitt$ f ,*ri/1 z well to ,coele/9e himself1 z to ! re/ ( ! ,bi%ops4 ,h5ce t ! deposit ( sacr$ doctr9e is committ$ to all1 ! def5ce ( :i* lies ) all2 & s ! fai? is to be settl$ by common c>e & cons5t2 nor w ! protection ( ,*ri/1 ! true ,ma/]1 be want+ to ! ma/]s ( ,*ur*es4 ,?is ,coele/9e lays d[n equally respect+ himself & all ,bi%ops1 successors ( ! ,apo/les4 ,!n :at agrees ) x3 t z ! ,apo/les1 assembl$ on ! "q conc]n+ legal rites1 put =? _! s5t5ce z be+ at once t ( ! ,holy ,_s & _! own1 s too %all x be 9 o!r mo/ important controv]sies2 & ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,apo/les w live aga9 9 ! ,c\ncils ( ,bi%ops4 ,:i* inde$ %[s u1 t au?ority & ! settlem5t ( ! "q lies n 9 ! s5t5ce ( ,pet] alone1 or ( ,pet]'s successors1 b 9 ! agreem5t ( all4 ,nor1 !re=e1 does ,coele/9e infr+e on 8 own privilege 9 reckon+ himself ) ! o!r successors ( ! ,apo/les2 = z ! o!r ,bi%ops 7 made successors to ! o!r ,apo/les1 s he1 be+ made by ,*ri/ successor to ,pet] _! *ief1 ev]y:]e takes prec$5ce ( all by au?ority ( ,pet]1 z we read set =? & act$ on 9 ! same ,c\ncil4 ,?us 9 ! ?ird holy ,g5]al ,c\ncil1 & 9 ^? fir/ ages1 we bo? prove aga9/ h]etics1 t ! p[] ( ! ,apo/olical ,see ev]y:]e takes prec$5ce & leads all1 &1 :at is ( ! mo/ importance1 9 ! "n ( ,pet]1 & s z in/itut$ by ,*ri/4 ,n less d we %[ to ,ca?olics1 t ! f9al & infallible =ce ( an ecclesia/ical judgm5t is seat$ !re1 :]e to ! au?ority ( ,pet]1 t is1 ( ! ,pope1 is add$ ! au?ority & agreem5t ( ,bi%ops also1 :o are ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w 9 ! /ead ( ,apo/les2 :i* alone ! ,*ur* ( ,france dem&s1#fj--;&1 we may add1 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,aga92 comp>e ! _s ( ,/4 ,coele/9e's words ) ! _s t dictat$ ! foll[+ to ,de ,mai/re1 :om we might leave alone1 if he 7 n ! expon5t ( a !ory n[ 9 ! greate/ vogue 9 ! ,roman ,*ur*2--a !ory1 inde$1 :i* ^? mu/ accept1 :o leave u1 )\t any *ance ( modification2 = x is n ,bossuet's mo/ ,ca?olic doctr9e1 b ,bell>m9e's1 :i* is act$ on & taught n[4 ,i d n affect to ca/ ! lea/ d\bt ^u ! infallibility ( a g5]al ,c\ncil4 ,i m]ely say1 t x only holds ?is high privilege f its head1 to :om ! promises h be5 made4 ,we "k well t ! gates ( hell %all n prevail aga9/ ! ,*ur*4 ,b :y8 ,on acc\nt ( ,pet]1 on :om %e is f\nd$4 ,take away ?is f\ndation1 h[ w\ld %e be infallible1 s9ce %e exi/s no long]8 ,unless ,i am deceiv$1 9 ord] to be some?+1 "o mu/ fir/ exi/4#fa ,aga93 ,we see t = two c5turies & a half religion has done v well )\t !m 7,g5]al ,c\ncils71 & ,i d n ?9k t any "o ?9ks ( !m1 9 spite ( ! extraord9>y ne$s ( ! ,*ur*1 = :i* ! ,pope w provide mu* bett] ?an a ,g5]al ,c\ncil1 if only p knew h[ to avail !mselves ( 8 p[]4#fb ,x mu/ n be =gott5 t ?is same ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus1 :i* all[s none b h]etics to refuse to ! bless$ ,virg9 ! title & ! hon\r ( ',"m ( ,god1' confirms by its eigh? ,canon ! ,episcopal & ,patri>*al sy/em1 & be>s ! /ronge/ te/imony aga9/ ! ,roman4 ,x runs ?us3 ,! mo/ belov$ ( ,god & our fell[-bi%op ,rheg9us1 & ,z5o & ,evagrius1 ! mo/ religi\s ,bi%ops ( ! ,prov9ce ( ,cyprus1 h decl>$ unto u an innovation :i* has be5 introduc$ contr>y to ! laws ( ! ,*ur*1 & ! ,canons ( ! holy ,fa!rs1 & :i* affects ! lib]ty ( all4 ,:]e=e s9ce evils :i* affect ! community require m att5tion1 inasmu* z !y cause great] hurt2 & especially s9ce ! ,bi%op ( ,antio* has n s mu* z foll[$ an anci5t cu/om 9 p]=m+ ord9ations 9 ,cyprus1 z ^? mo/ religi\s p]sons :o h come to ! holy ,synod h in=m$ u1 by writ+ & by ^w ( m\?2 we decl>e t !y :o preside ov] ! holy ,*ur*es :i* are 9 ,cyprus1 %all pres]ve1 )\t ga9say+ or opposition1 _! "r ( p]=m+ by !mselves ! ord9ations ( ! mo/ religi\s ,bi%ops1 accord+ to ! ,canons ( ! holy ,fa!rs & ! anci5t cu/om4 ,! same rule %all be obs]v$ 9 all ! o!r ,dioceses1 & 9 ! ,prov9ces ev]y:]e1 s t none ( ! mo/ religi\s ,bi%ops %all invade any o!r ,prov9ce1 :i* has n h]et(ore f ! beg9n+ be5 "u ! h&s ( himself or 8 pr$ecessors4 ,b if any "o has s invad$ a ,prov9ce & br\ght x by =ce "u himself1 he %all re/ore x1 t ! ,canons ( ! ,fa!rs may n be transgress$1 nor ! pride ( secul> dom9ion be privily introduc$ "u ! appe>ance ( a sacr$ (fice1 nor we lose by little ! fre$om :i* our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! deliv]] ( all m51 has giv5 u by ,8 own blood4 ,! ,holy & ,ecum5ical ,synod has !re=e decre$1 t ! rights :i* h h]et(ore1 & f ! beg9n+1 belong$ to ea* prov9ce1 %all be pres]v$ to x pure & )\t re/ra9t1 accord+ to ! cu/om :i* has prevail$ ( old1 ea* metropolitan hav+ p]mission to take a copy ( ! ?+s n[ transact$ = 8 own security4 ,b if any "o %all introduce any regulation contr>y to :at has be5 n[ def9$1 ! :ole ,holy & ,ecum5ical synod has decre$ t x %all be ( no effect4#fc ,x mu/ be all[$ t ,de ,mai/re has v good reasons = dislik+ ,g5]al ,c\ncils4 ,n9e ye>s aft] ?is ,c\ncil1 ,/4 ,leo ! ,great became ,pope1 ^: long & able ,pontificate w af=d u ! be/ means ( judg+ :at ! legitimate p[] ( ! ,roman ,see 01 & h[ x t5d$ to ! pres]vation & unity ( ! :ole ,*ur*4 ,he liv$ at an important crisis1 :5 ! b>b>\s tribes ( ! ,nor? 7 ab\t to bur/ ov] ! ,empire & ! ,*ur*2 ! sy/em ( :i*1 _h x n be5 consolidat$ by himself1 8 imm$iate pr$ecessors & successors1 might h be5 dissolv$ & brok5 up into fragm5ts4 ,i w fir/ %[1 by a few quotations1 t ,/4 ,leo _h no slight s5se ( 8 own duty & dignity among 8 bro!r ,bi%ops4 ,we w !n see h[ 8 actions1 & ! way 9 :i* !y 7 receiv$ by o!rs1 support$ 8 words4 ,9 a s]mon on ! anniv]s>y ( 8 consecration1 aft] notic+ ) pleasure ! numb] ( ,bi%ops pres5t1 he cont9ues1 ,nor1 z ,i tru/1 is ! mo/ bless$ ,apo/le ,pet]1 9 8 k9d condesc5d5ce & fai?ful love1 abs5t f ?is assembly1 nor does he disreg>d y\r devotion1 rev]5ce = :om has drawn y toge!r4 ,& s he at once rejoices at y\r affection1 & welcomes ! obs]vance ( ! ,"l's ,in/itution 9 ^? :o %>e 8 hon\r2 approv+ t mo/ ord]ly *>ity ( ! :ole ,*ur*1 :i* 9 ,pet]'s see receives ,pet]1 & slack5s n 9 love to s great a %eph]d1 ev5 9 ! p]son ( s unwor?y an heir4 ,on a l occasion1--,al?\gh1 !n1 belov$1 our p>tak+ 9 t gift be a great subject = common joy1 yet x 7 a bett] & m excell5t c\rse ( rejoic+1 if ye re/ n 9 ! consid]ation ( our humility3 m pr(itable & m wor?y by f> x is to raise ! m9d's eye unto ! contemplation ( ! mo/ bless$ ,apo/le ,pet]'s glory1 & to celebrate ?is day *iefly 9 ! hon\r ( him :o 0 wat]$ ) /reams s copi\s f ! v ,f\nta9 ( all graces1 t :ile no?+ has pass$ to o!rs )\t 8 p>ticipation1 yet he receiv$ _m special privileges ( 8 own4 ,! ,^w made fle% already dwelt 9 u1 & ,*ri/ _h giv5 up ,himself :ole to re/ore ! race ( man4 ,wisdom _h left no?+ unord]$2 p[] left no?+ difficult4 ,elem5ts 7 obey+1 spirits m9i/]+1 angels s]v+2 x 0 impossible t ,my/]y c\ld fail ( its effect 9 :i* ! ,unity & ! ,tr9ity ( ! ,godhead ,itself 0 at once work+4 ,& yet out ( ! :ole _w1 ,pet] alone is *os5 to preside ov] ! call+ ( all ! ,g5tiles1 & ov] all ! ,apo/les1 & ! collect$ ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*3 s t ?\gh !re be among ! p ( ,god _m prie/s & _m %eph]ds1 yet ,pet] rules all by p]sonal commission 7proprie71 :om ,*ri/ also rules by sov]eign p[]4 ,belov$1 x is a great & wond]ful p>ticipation ( ,8 own p[] :i* ! ,div9e condesc5dance gave to ?is man3 & if ,he will$ t o!r rul]s %\ld enjoy ought toge!r ) him1 yet nev] did ,he give1 save ?r\gh him1 :at ,he d5i$ n to o!rs4 ,9 f9e1 ! ,"l asks all ! ,apo/les :at m5 ?9k ( ,him2 & !y answ] 9 common s long z !y set =? ! d\btfulness ( human ignorance4 ,b :5 :at ! ,disciples ?9k is requir$1 he :o is fir/ 9 ,apo/olic dignity is fir/ also 9 confession ( ! ,"l4 ,& :5 he _h said1 ',?\ art ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god1' ,jesus answ]$ him1 ',bless$ art ?\1 ,simon ,b>-,jona1 because fle% & blood ha? n reveal$ x to !e1 b ,my ,fa!r1 :i* is 9 heav53' t is1 ,?\ art bless$1 because ,my ,fa!r ha? taught !e2 nor op9ion :i* is ( ! e>? deceiv$ !e1 b heav5ly inspiration in/ruct$ !e2 & n fle% & blood ha? %[n ,me to !e1 b ,he1 ^: only-begott5 ,son ,i am4 ,& ,i1 sai? ,he1 say unto !e1 t is1 z ,my ,fa!r ha? manife/$ to !e ,my ,godhead1 s ,i1 too1 make kn[n to !e ?9e own pre-em95ce4 ,= ?\ art ,pet]2 t is1 :il/ ,i am ! immutable ,rock1 ,i1 ! corn]/one1 :o make bo? "o1 ,i1 ! f\ndation beside :i* no "o c lay ano!r2 yet ?\ also art a rock1 because by ,my virtue ?\ art e/abli%$1 s t :atev] is ,m9e by sov]eign p[]1 is to !e by p>ticipation common ) ,me4 ,& ^u ?is rock ,i w build ,my ,*ur*1 & ! gates ( hell %all n prevail aga9/ x3 on ?is /r5g?1 sai? ,he1 ,i w build an et]nal temple1 & ,my ,*ur*1 :i* 9 its height %all rea* ! heav51 %all rise ^u ! firmness ( ?is fai?4 ,?is confession ! gates ( hell %all n re/ra91 nor ! *a9s ( dea? fett]2 = t voice is ! voice ( life4 ,& z x raises ^? :o confess x unto heav5ly places1 s x plunges ^? :o d5y x into hell4 ,:]e=e x is said to mo/ bless$ ,pet]1 ',i w give to !e ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav52 & :atsoev] ?\ %alt b9d on e>?1 %all be b\nd 9 heav51 & :atsoev] ?\ %alt loose on e>? %all be loos$ 9 heav54' ,! privilege ( ?is p[] did inde$ pass to ! o!r ,apo/les1 & ! ord] ( ?is decree rea*$ to all ! rul]s ( ! ,*ur*1 b n )\t purpose :at is int5d$ = all is put into ! h&s ( "o4 ,= !re=e is ?is entru/$ to ,pet] s+ly1 because all ! rul]s ( ! ,*ur* are inve/$ ) ! figure ( ,pet]4 ,! privilege1 !re=e1 ( ,pet] rema9e?1 :]esoev] judgm5t is pass$ accord+ to 8 equity4 ,nor c sev]ity or indulg5ce be excessive1 :]e no?+ is b\nd1 no?+ loos$1 save :at bless$ ,pet] ei!r b9de? or loose?4 ,b at ! approa* ( ,8 passion1 :i* w\ld di/urb ! firmness ( ,8 disciples1 ! ,"l sai?1 ',simon1 ,simon1 behold ,satan ha? desir$ to h y1 t he may sift y z :eat2 b ,i h pray$ = !e1 t ?y fai? fail n1 & :5 ?\ art conv]t$1 /r5g!n ?y bre?r51 t ye ent] n into temptation4' ,! dang] f ! temptation ( fe> 0 common to all ! ,apo/les1 & !y equally ne$$ ! help ( ,div9e protection1 s9ce ! devil desir$ to dismay1 to make a wreck ( all3 & yet ! ,"l takes c>e ( ,pet] 9 p>ticul>1 & asks specially = ! fai? ( ,pet]1 z if ! /ate ( ! re/ w\ld be m c]ta91 if ! m9d ( _! ,*ief 7 n ov]come4 ,s !n 9 ,pet] ! /r5g? ( all is protect$1 & ! help ( ,div9e grace is s ord]$1 t ! /ability1 :i* ?r\gh ,*ri/ is giv5 to ,pet]1 ?r\gh ,pet] is convey$ to ! ,apo/les4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 belov$1 we see su* a protection div9ely grant$ to u1 reasonably & ju/ly d we rejoice 9 ! m]its & dignity ( our ,*ief1 r5d]+ ?anks to ! ,et]nal ,k+1 our ,r$eem]1 ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 = hav+ giv5 s great a p[] to him :om ,he made *ief ( ! :ole ,*ur*1 t if any?+1 ev5 9 our "t1 by u be rightly done & rightly ord]$1 x is to be ascrib$ to 8 work+1 to 8 guidance1 unto :om x 0 said1--',& ?\1 :5 ?\ art conv]t$1 /r5g!n ?y bre?r53' & to :om ! ,"l1 aft] ,8 resurrection1 9 answ] to ! triple pr(ession ( et]nal love1 ?rice said ) my/ical int5t1 ',fe$ ,my %eep4' ,& ?is1 beyond a d\bt1 ! pi\s %eph]d do? ev5 n[1 & fulfils ! *>ge ( 8 ,"l2 /r5g!n+ u ) 8 exhortations1 & n ceas+ to pray = u1 t we may be ov]come by no temptation4 ,b if1 z we mu/ believe1 he ev]y:]e dis*>ges ?is affectionate gu>dian%ip to all ! p ( ,god1 h[ mu* m w he condesc5d to grant 8 help unto u 8 *ildr51 among :om on ! sacr$ c\* ( 8 bless$ repose he re/e? 9 ! same fle% 9 :i* he rul$4 ,to him1 !re=e1 let u ascribe ?is anniv]s>y day ( u 8 s]vant1 & ?is fe/ival1 by ^: advocacy we h be5 ?\ght wor?y to %>e 8 seat itself1 ! grace ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ help+ u 9 all ?+s1 ,:o live? & reigne? ) ,god ! ,fa!r & ! ,holy ,_s = ev] & ev]4 ,i h be=e me simil> passages 9 abundance2 b ^! are en\gh to %[ h[ f> ! tea*+ ( ,/4 ,leo1 z to 8 own (fice1 agre$ )1 h[ f> w5t beyond1 t ( ,/4 ,augu/94 ,! comb9ation ( ! ,patri>*'s1 & /ill m ( ! univ]sal ,primate's1 p[] ) t ( ! ,bi%op1 is a nice po9t4 ,if ?is be pu%$ too f>1 x issues 9 a mon>*y2 if ! o!r alone be all[$1 x conv]ts ! "o k+dom ( ,jesus ,*ri/ into an unlimit$ numb] ( petty republics4 ,on ! "o h& !re is dang] pregnant to ! high prie/hood ( ! ,*ur*2 on ! o!r h&1 to ! sacram5t ( unity4 ,! "o-sid$ developm5t ( ,/4 ,leo's tea*+ has produc$ ! ,papacy1 9 :i* ! ,bi%ops1 :o repres5t ! ,apo/les1 are no long] ! bre?r51 co-ord9ate 9 au?ority1 b ! delegates1 ( ,/4 ,pet]'s successor3 b ! "o-sid$ developm5t ( ,/4 ,cyprian's tea*+ has r5t into pieces ! seamless robe ( ,*ri/4 ,yet ?is ne$ n be s3 9 ! bright days ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ x 0 n s4 ,surely ! fir/ six c5turies ( h] exi/5ce are n a dream2 & t beautiful image ( ,/4 ,augu/9 n an imag9ation1 b :at he saw be=e 8 eyes3 to sit on our wat*-t[]s1 & gu>d ! flock1 belongs 9 common to all ( u :o h episcopal functions1 al?\gh ! hill on :i* y /& is m conspicu\s ?an ! re/4 ,a ,pontiff s deeply & religi\sly impress$ ) ! pr]ogatives ( ,/4 ,pet]'s successor 0 likely to be en]getic 9 dis*>g+ 8 duties4 ,9 tru? we behold ,/4 ,leo set on a wat*-t[]1 & direct+ 8 gaze ov] ! :ole ,*ur*3 ov] 8 own ,we/ m especially1 b ov] ! ,ea/ too1 if ne$ be4 ,he c judge ,alex&ria1 ,antio*1 & ,con/ant9ople1 z well z ,eugubium1 & is z ready too4 ,:]ev] ,canons are brok51 anci5t cu/om disreg>d$1 encroa*m5ts attempt$1 :]e ,bi%ops are neglectful1 or ,metropolitans tyrannical1 :]e h]esy is imput$ to ,patri>*s1 9 %ort1 :]ev] a /one 9 ! :ole sacr$ build+ is be+ loos5$1 or ?reat5s to fall1 !re is he at h& to repair & re/ore1 to w>n1 to protect1 or to puni%4 ,b /ill !y are bre?r51 !y are equals1 !y are fell[-apo/les1 ) :om he has to act1 ov] :om he presides4 ,if ,pet] 0 reprov$ by ,paul1 & yet ! glori\s ,apo/les lab\r$1 witness$1 f\ght toge!r1 & toge!r re/ 9 ,roman e>?1 !n may ! successors ( ! ,twelve remon/rate )1 nay1 reprove & resi/ ! successor ( ! ,*ief ( ! ,twelve4 ,if he is vic> ( ,*ri/1 s are !y4 ,we h already se5 examples ( ?is1 we %all f9d o!rs1 )\t s*ism4 ,x _h become ! cu/om ( ! ,roman ,pontiffs1 at lea/ z e>ly z ,/4 ,damasus1 7#cff--chd17 & ,/4 ,siricius1 7#chd--cih17 to *>ge "s "o prelate1 9 ea* prov9ce :]e _! influ5ce ext5d$1 to repres5t ! ,roman ,*ur*2 to report any infractions ( discipl9e1 or innovations on ! fai?2 to ann\nce ! election & consecration ( ,bi%ops4 ,?us ,ana/asius ( ,!ssalonica presid$ ov] ! t5 ,metropolitans ( ,illyricum 9 ,pope ,leo's "n4 ,! ,primate ( ,arles repres5t$ him 9 s\!rn ,gaul2 & o!rs 9 ,spa92 & s on4 ,x is ev5 said t all ! ,primacies ( we/]n ,europe 7 9 _! orig9 d]ivations ?us made f ! ,primacy ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,an au?ority1 :i* 0 ex]cis$ on ! :ole = ! good ( all1 seems to h be5 g5]ally submitt$ to by ! ,bi%ops ( ! diff]5t prov9ces3 d\btless e ,bi%op felt 8 h&s /r5g!n$ 9 8 p>ticul> diocese1 & _h an additional security aga9/ any infraction ( 8 rights by 8 bre?r51 :5 he 0 able to ?r[ himself back on ! unbiass$ & imp>tial au?ority ( ! ,bi%op ( ,rome4 ,an au?ority1 h[ev]1 :i* 9 its comm5cem5t pr(ess$ to be ! especial gu>dian ( ! ,canons1 & to protect & ma9ta9 all 9 _! prop] place1 0 v liable to abuse1 & _h an inh]5t t5d5cy to increase1 & to absorb ! p[] ( ! local ,bi%ops & ,metropolitans 9 ! indef9ite pret5sions ( ! ,patri>*4 ,we h se5 ! resi/ance (f]$ to ! ,pope 9 ! case ( ! wret*$ ,api>ius by ! ,african ,*ur*1 & n[ ! ,*ur* ( ,gaul furni%es a def5d] ( ! rights ( ,metropolitans aga9/ ,pope ,leo 9 "o ( ! holie/ & mo/ apo/olical ( its anci5t ,bi%ops4 ,/4 ,hil>y ( ,arles1 ( noble bir?1 ( spl5did ability1 hav+ 9 ! _w ! highe/ prospects1 0 conv]t$ to ,god by ! pray]s ( ,/4 ,honoratus4 ,!reupon he sold 8 l>ge possessions1 & be/[$ !m on ! poor1 & retir$ to ! des]t ( ,l]9s4 ,8 fri5d1 ,/4 ,honoratus1 0 %ortly aft] made ,bi%op ( ,arles1 b he c\ld n p]suade ,/4 ,hil>y to rema9 !re ) him4 ,)9 ?ree ye>s he di$1 & ,/4 ,hil>y1 :o 0 att5d+ him 9 8 sickness1 ha/5$1 z soon z all 0 ov]1 to return to 8 mona/]y4 ,b x 0 9 va93 he 0 pursu$1 br\ght back by =ce1 & orda9$1 9 spite ( himself1 ,metropolitan ( ! fir/ ,see 9 ,gaul1 at ! age ( tw5ty-n9e ye>s4 ,at =ty-eight he di$1 worn out ) ! sev]e lab\rs & ascetic life he _h impos$ on himself4 ,! n9ete5 ye>s ( 8 episcopate 7 devot$ to ! mo/ incessant ex]tions z ,bi%op & ,metropolitan4 ,unwe>i$ 9 en]gy1 unb\nd$ 9 *>ity1 gift$ ) extraord9>y eloqu5ce1 a sev]e def5d] ( discipl9e1 yet w9n+ o!rs to foll[ :]e he 0 ready to g be=e himself1 he becomes ! s\l ( ! ?ree or f\r prov9ces ov] :i* ! ,see ( ,arles !n presid$4 ,he is connect$ 9 "s degree ) ourselves1 z hav+ probably held "o ( ! *ief places 9 t great c\ncil ( ! ,gauls 9 ! ye> #dbi1 :i* s5t ,/4 ,g]manus & ,/4 ,lupus into ,brita9 to resi/ ! ,pelagians4 ,he belong$ to ! same mona/]y z ,/4 ,v9c5t ( ,l]9s1 & at ! same "t4 ,x is c]ta91 also1 t he 0 a great fri5d ( ,/4 ,g]manus1 & (t5 conf]r$ ) him4 ,on "o ( ^! occasions great compla9ts 7 br\ght to ! two sa9ts aga9/ ,celidonius1 ,bi%op ( ,besancon1 = hav+ =m]ly m>ri$ a wid[1 & = hav+ condemn$ p]sons to dea?4 ,/4 ,hil>y judg$ ,celidonius 9 a prov9cial c\ncil1 :i* decl>$ t1 hav+ be5 husb& ( a wid[1 he c\ld n keep 8 bi%opric1 & t he ought volunt>ily to quit a dignity :i* ! rules ( ,scripture p]mitt$ him n to hold4 ,he 0 accord+ly depos$4 ,celidonius1#fd f9d+ himself depos$1 _h rec\rse to ,rome1 :]e he compla9$ t he _h be5 unju/ly condemn$4 ,x seems t ,/4 ,leo1 )\t fur!r exam9ation1 at once admitt$ him to 8 communion1 9 :i* he may h foll[$ :at ,zosimus & ,coele/9us did 9 respect ( ! mis]able ,api>ius1 prie/ ( ,africa4 ,b ,i "k n :at ,canon or :at rule ( ! ,*ur* ju/ifies su* a proce$+4 ,/4 ,hil>y le>nt ?is at ! sev]e/ "t ( w9t]4 ,nev]!less1 all ! discom=ts & dang]s ( ?is season gave way to ! ard\r ( 8 zeal & fai?4 ,he und]took to pass ! ,alps1 & to g on foot to ,rome2 & ?is he accompli%$1 )\t hav+ ev5 a horse ei!r to ride or to c>ry baggage4 ,be+ come to ,rome1 he fir/ visit$ ! relics ( ! ,apo/les & ,m>tyrs4 ,next he wait$ on ,/4 ,leo2 & hav+ paid him ! greate/ respect1 he bes\ght him v humbly to please to ord] :at respect$ ! /ate ( ! ,*ur*es accord+ to immemorial practice4 ,p]sons 7 se5 att5d+ at ,rome on ! holy alt> :o _h be5 juridically & ju/ly depos$ 9 ,gaul3 he 0 oblig$ to address to him 8 compla9ts ( ?is2 &1 if !y 7 f\nd correct1 bes\ght ! ,pope at lea/ to /op by a secret ord] ?is violation ( ! ,canons4 ,if n1 he w\ld n tr\ble him fur!r1 n be+ come to ,rome to br+ an action1 & make accusations1 b to pay to him 8 respects1 to decl>e to him ! /ate ( ?+s1 & to besee* him to ma9ta9 ! rules ( discipl9e4 ,!re is reason to believe t ,/4 ,hil>y ma9ta9$ t ,/4 ,leo _h no "r at all to take cognizance ( ?is cause z judge1 mean+1 d\btless1 t ! ,*ur* ( ,france 0 9 ! same condition z t ( ,africa1 & _h ! same p[] to t]m9ate causes :i* arose !re1 )\t an appeal else:]e be+ all[$4 ,/4 ,leo ev5 suffici5tly assures u t ?is 0 ,/4 ,hil>y's view2 & he takes occasion f x to accuse him ( unwill+ness to be subject to ,/4 ,pet]1 & to recognise ! ,primacy ( ! ,roman ,*ur*3 :i* w\ld prove t all ! holy ,bi%ops ( ,africa did n recognise x1 & give h]etics a great advantage4 ,/4 ,leo1 on ! o!r h&1 ma9ta9$ n only t ! ,*ur*es ( ! ,gauls _h (t5 consult$ t ( ,rome 9 v>i\s difficulties--:i* _h no?+ to d ) ! matt] 9 "q--b1 also1 t !y _h (t5 appeal$ to ! ,holy ,see1 :i* _h ei!r alt]$ or confirm$ judgm5ts pron\nc$ by !m4 ,if we may be all[$ to reg>d ! depositions ( ,/4 ,leo & ,/4 ,hil>y z ! claims ( diff]5t p>ties1 & to exam9e ! matt] to ! bottom1 accord+ to ! light :i* hi/ory %$s on x1 we may say t we d n f9d t ! ,gallican ,*ur* _h hi!rto admitt$1 up to t "t1 any appeal to ! ,holy ,see2 & t ,zosimus1 hav+ wi%$ to claim ! "r ( judg+ ,proculus1 ,bi%op ( ,m>seilles1 ,proculus always ma9ta9$ himself1 9 spite ( all ! ef=ts ( ?is ,pope4 ,mean:ile1 z ,/4 ,leo1 suffici5tly jeal\s ( ! greatness ( 8 ,see1 f\nd himself oppos$ by ,/4 ,hil>y 9 a po9t ( ?is importance1 x is n surpris+ t he 0 susceptible ( ! bad impression giv5 him ( ! conduct ( ?is great sa9t1 z we %all see h]eaft]4 ',i d>e n exam9e1' says ! hi/orian ( ,/4 ,hil>y1 '! judgm5t & ! conduct ( two m5 s great1 especially n[ t ,god has call$ !m to ! possession ( ,8 glory4 ,i conf9e myself to say+1 t ,hil>y s+ly oppos$ ?is great numb] ( adv]s>ies2 t he 0 n %ak5 by _! m5aces2 t he laid ! tru? be=e ^? :o w\ld li/5 to x2 t he prevail$ ov] ^? :o w\ld dispute ) him2 t he yield$ n to ! p[]ful2 9 %ort1 t he pref]r$ runn+ ! risk ( los+ 8 life to admitt+ to 8 communion him :om he _h depos$ toge!r ) s _m great ,bi%ops4' ,_h ,/4 ,leo only requir$ to h ! affair rehe>d 9 ! ,gauls1 agreeably to ! ,canons ( ,s>dica1 ! only ones :i* ! ,*ur* _h hi!rto made 9 fav\r ( appeals to ! ,pope1 ,/4 ,hil>y w\ld1 p]haps1 h cons5t$2 t is1 if he 7 bett] acqua9t$ ) ?is ,c\ncil ?an !y 7 9 ,africa4 ,b x is n app>5t t su* a rehe>+ 0 m5tion$4 ,& z to suff]+ ! matt] to be judg$ at ,rome1 ,/4 ,hil>y1 besides ! o!r reasons :i* he might h1 consid]$1 d\btless1 ) ,/4 ,cyprian1 t ! pro(s ( ! facts on :i* judgm5t mu/ be made _c be transport$ ?i!r4 ,s ! ,gallican ,*ur* has always ma9ta9$ itself 9 ! "r1 t appeals made to ,rome be ref]r$ back to ! spot4 ,?\gh ,/4 ,hil>y _h prote/$ t he 0 n come to engage 9 any dispute1 nev]!less he did n refuse to take "p 9 a conf]5ce1 9 :i* ,/4 ,leo he>d him1 toge!r ) ,celidonius4 ,sev]al ,bi%ops 7 !re4 ,notes 7 made ( all t 0 said4 ,/4 ,leo says t ,/4 ,hil>y _h no?+ reasonable to answ]2 8 passion c>ri$ him away to say ?+s t a layman w\ld n h d>$ to utt]1 & t ! ,bi%ops c\ld n li/5 to4 ,he adds t ?is haughty pride t\*$ him to ! quick1 & t1 nev]!less1 he _h us$ no o!r rem$y ?an pati5ce1 n wi%+ to %>p5 & increase ! w\nds :i* ?is insol5t language caus$ 9 ! s\l ( him :o held x3 t moreov]1 hav+ receiv$ him at fir/ z 8 bro!r1 he only ?\ght ( soo?+ r ?an vex+ & pa9+ him2 & t inde$ he did ?is to himself suffici5tly by ! confusion into :i* ! weakness ( 8 answ]s ?rew him4 ,x is cle> t ,/4 ,hil>y w\ld n answ] on ! ma9 po9t ( ,celidonius's affair1 because he ma9ta9$ t ,/4 ,leo c\ld n be judge ( x4 ,& we mu/ n be surpris$ t ! ,romans f\nd mu* insol5ce 9 ! inflexible firmness ) :i* he ma9ta9$ x4 ,d\btless x 0 ?is pret5d$ insol5ce :i* caus$ him ev5 to be put "u gu>d1 :i* may surprise u 9 ! case ( a ,bi%op1 & 9 an affair purely ecclesia/ical4 ,among ! insol5t & ra% expressions ( :i* ,/4 ,leo 9 g5]al compla9s1 he rem>ks1 9 p>ticul>1 t ,/4 ,hil>y _h (t5 dem&$ to be condemn$1 if he _h condemn$ ,celidonius contr>y to ! rules ( ! ,canons4 ,he wi%$1 !n1 t we %\ld judge o!rs by ! rule :i* fully ju/ifies ,/4 ,hil>y4 ,! sa9t1 see+ t 8 reasons 7 n li/5$ to1 w\ld n wait ,/4 ,leo's s5t5ce4 ,he pref]r$ )draw+ secretly1 :ile ?is affair 0 /ill be+ exam9$4 ,s he escap$ f 8 gu>ds1 & ?\gh x 0 /ill w9t]1 left ,rome1 & return$ to ,arles1 p]haps 9 ,febru>y 7#dde73 s t :5 !y s\ght = him to speak fur!r on ?is matt]1 x 0 f\nd t he 0 gone4 ,/4 ,leo fail$ n to proce$1 rev]s$ ! judgm5t deliv]$ aga9/ ,celidonius1 decl>$ him absolv$ & acquitt$ ( ! accusation ( hav+ m>ri$ a wid[1 & re/or$ him to 8 rank ( ,bi%op1 :i* he _h already done at fir/1 )\t hav+ exam9$ ! affair4 ,!re 7 o!r accusations made aga9/ ,/4 ,hil>y1 into :i* we ne$ n ent]4 ,/4 ,leo wrote a v sev]e lett] ab\t him to ! ,bi%ops ( ,gaul3 he accus$ him ( rais+ himself aga9/ ,/4 ,pet]1 & be+ unwill+ to recognise 8 ,primacy1 z if all ^? :o believe t a successor ( ,/4 ,pet] passes ! b\nds ( ! ,canons 7 enemies ( ! ,primacy ( ! ,holy ,see4 ,t w\ld be to arm aga9/ ! ,popes 9 fav\r ( h]etics a great numb] ( ,fa!rs1 ( ,sa9ts1 & ( ,c\ncils4#fe ,! result 0 t he took away f ,/4 ,hil>y 8 rights ( ,metropolitan1 & conf]r$ !m on ! ,bi%op ( ,vi5ne1 :o _h claims ^u !m4 ,b ?is measure 0 s dislik$ by ! suffragans ( ,arles1 t he re/or$ ! ,see ( ,arles to mo/ ( its privileges "u ,rav5nius1 ! successor ( ,/4 ,hil>y4 ,h[ev]1 ?is matt] _h ev5 m important consequ5ces4 ,we w let ! ,roman ,ca?olic hi/orian1 z be=e1 describe !m4 ,/4 ,leo app>5tly fe>$ t ! ,bi%ops ( ! ,gauls w\ld n be suffici5tly submissive to :at he _h ord]$4 ,& ?\gh he _h made x a *>ge aga9/ ,/4 ,hil>y t he _h employ$ an arm$ =ce 9 affairs ( ! ,*ur*1 = all t he recurr$ himself to ! imp]ial p[] aga9/ him4 ,he repres5t$ him to ! ,emp]or ,val5t9ian ! ,?ird z "o :o rebell$ bo? aga9/ ! au?ority ( ! ,apo/olic ,see1 & ! maje/y ( ! ,empire1 & obta9$ ( ?is pr9ce1 :o 0 !n at ,rome1 a celebrat$ rescript1 address$ to ! ,patrician ,aetius1 g5]al ( ! armies ( ! ,empire1 by :i*1 "u pretext ( ma9ta9+ ! peace ( ! ,*ur*1 he =bids und]tak+ any ?+ :atev] )\t ! au?ority ( ! ,apo/olic ,see1 or resi/+ its ord]s1 :i*1 says he1 _h always be5 obs]v$ inviolably up to ,hil>ius4 ,he ord]s all ,bi%ops to hold z law all t ! au?ority ( ! ,pope e/abli%es1 & all magi/rates to compel by =ce to appe> be=e ! tribunal ( ! ,bi%op ( ,rome all p]sons cit$ ?i!r1 if !y refus$ to g4 ,x may be se5 by :at happ5$ ab\t ?is "t to ,atticus1 ,metropolitan ( ,nicopolis1 9 ,epirus1 h[ sc&al\s ?is employm5t ( =ce 01 & h[ oppos$1 accord+ to ,/4 ,leo himself1 to ! g5tl5ess ( ! ,*ur*4 ,val5t9ian adds1 t ! s5t5ce giv5 by ,/4 ,leo aga9/ ,/4 ,hil>y1 _h no ne$ ( any "o to be execut$ 9 ! ,gauls1 s9ce ! au?ority ( s great a ,pontiff has a "r to give any ord] to ! ,*ur*es4 ,he goes s f> z to make x a *>ge aga9/ ,/4 ,hil>y1 to h depos$ & orda9$ ,bi%ops )\t consult+ ! ,pope4 ,he ev5 names him a crim9al ( ,/ate on ! score ( 8 be+ *>g$ ) hav+ employ$ ! =ce ( arms to e/abli% ,bi%ops1 & to place !m on a ?rone :]e !y _h only to prea* peace4 ,?is law is dat$ ! #f? ( ,june1 #dde1 & x is ?is :i* fixes ! "t ( all ?is hi/ory4 ,x is und\bt$ly v prop]1 z says ,b>onius1 to %[ t ! ,emp]ors h greatly contribut$ to e/abli% ! greatness & au?ority ( ! ,popes4 ,?is is n ! place to make o!r reflections ^u x2 b we _c =be> say+ t1 9 ! m9d ( ^? :o h any love = ! lib]ty ( ! ,*ur*1 & any k ( its discipl9e1 ?is law w always z little hon\r him :om x praises z x w injure him :om x condemns4 ,pope ,hil>y quotes ?is law1 & avails himself ( ! au?ority x attributes to ! decisions ( ,rome4#ff ,x w\ld be presumptu\s to add a ^w to ! judgm5t ( "o :o has made ! fir/ c5turies ( ! ,*ur* 8 especial /udy4 ,/4 ,hil>y1 on 8 return to ,arles1 made _m attempts to reconcile ! ,pope to him1 b all 7 fruitless1 z he w\ld n give up ! po9t 9 dispute4 ,x seems1 says ,tillemont1 t he cont9u$ resolv$ to d no?+ 9 prejudice ( ! rights he believ$ to belong to 8 ,*ur*1 b t see+ ! two great p[]s ( ,*ur* & ,/ate unit$ aga9/ him1 he rema9$ quiet & sil5t1 occupi$ only 9 ! "w ( 8 salvation1 & t ( 8 p4 ,dur+ ! f\r ye>s he surviv$1 he r$\bl$ 8 au/]ities & good works3 he di$ 9 ! od\r ( sanctity2 & aft] 8 dea?1 ,/4 ,leo1 ?\gh /ill p]suad$ t he 0 a presumptu\s _s1 calls him '( holy memory4' ,yet1 we h nei!r pro( nor probability t he _h re/or$ him to 8 communion1 f :i* he _h cut him (f4#fg ,8 "n occurs 9 ! ,roman ,m>tyrology4 ,?us an encroa*m5t1 :i* _h fail$ 9 ,africa1 succe$$ ?r\gh a conjuncture ( circum/ances1 especially ! int]v5tion ( ! civil p[]1 9 ,gaul4 ,( c\rse x 0 made ! /epp+-/one to fur!r advances4 ,?is "o specim5 may give u a notion h[ ! lawful p[] ( ! ,patri>* & ! recognis$ pre-em95ce ( ! "o ,apo/olic ,see ( ! ,we/ _h a cont9ual t5d5cy to develop1 & won1 by degrees1 unlimit$ control ov] ! orig9al & ackn[l$g$ rights ( ! ,bi%ops & ,metropolitans4 ,/ill1 ev5 9 ! h&s ( ,/4 ,leo1 ?is 0 m]ely an extraord9>y int]f]5ce4 ,rav5nius1 ! successor ( ?is v ,/4 ,hil>y1 0 elect$ & consecrat$ by ! ,bi%ops ( 8 prov9ce1 :o !n ann\nc$ x to ,pope ,leo1 & receiv$ a congratulatory answ]4#fh ,he says himself to ! ,bi%ops ( ! prov9ce ( ,vi5ne1 ,x is n = ourselves t we def5d ! ord9ations ( y\r prov9ces1 :i* p]haps ,hil>ius may1 accord+ to 8 wont1 falsely /ate to y1 to r5d] disaffect$ ! m9d ( y\r ,hol9ess2 b x is = y we claim !m ?r\gh our solicitude4 ,& aga93 ,decree+ ?is1 t if any "o ( our bre?r5 9 any prov9ce die1 he :o is kn[n to be ! ,metropolitan ( t prov9ce1 %\ld claim to himself ! ord9ation ( ! ,prie/4#fi ,s long z ! election & consecration ( ,bi%ops & ,metropolitans 7 ?us free & canonical1 ! greatness ( ! c5tral ,see c\ld nev] depress & ext+ui% ! ess5tial equality ( ! ,episcopate4 ,let x be rememb]$ t ,/4 ,leo1 ) all 8 p[] & influ5ce1 consecrat$ no o!r ,bi%ops ?an ^? ( ,s\!rn ,italy1 ,sicily1 & ,s>d9ia1 :i* 7 ! b\nds ( 8 prop] patri>*ate2 !re 8 au?ority 0 direct & imm$iate2 b 9 ,africa1 ! ,gauls1 ,spa91 ,illyricum1 & ! ,we/ g5]ally1 x 0 only prop]ly ex]cis$ 9 matt]s beyond ! range ( ! ,bi%ops & ,metropolitans4 ,we suppose x is impossible to def9e a p[] :i* 0 to correct & re/ore 9 em]g5cies4 ,! ,bi%ops ( ! prov9ce ( ,aries aft]w>ds bes\ght ,pope ,leo to re/ore ! primacy to ,arles1 & r5d]1 ,a4,d4 #dej1 ?is und\bt$ te/imony to ! ,primacy ( ! ,roman ,*ur*1 & to ! connexion betwe5 ! rights ( ! ,metropolitan & ! ,patri>*3-- ,by ! ,prie/ ( ?is ,*ur* 7,arles7 x is c]ta9 t our pr$ecessors1 z well z ourselves1 h be5 consecrat$ to ! ,high ,prie/hood by ! gift ( ! ,"l2 9 :i*1 foll[+ antiquity1 ! pr$ecessors ( y\r ,hol9ess confirm$ by _! publi%$ lett]s ?is :i* old cu/om _h h&$ d[n conc]n+ ! privileges ( ! ,*ur* ( ,arles1 7z ! records ( ! ,apo/olical ,see d\btless prove27 believ+ x to be full ( reason & ju/ice1 t z ?r\gh ! mo/ bless$ ,pet]1 ,pr9ce ( ! ,apo/les1 ! holy ,roman ,*ur* holds primacy ov] all ! ,*ur*es ( ! :ole _w1 s also )9 ! ,gauls ! ,*ur* ( ,arles1 :i* _h be5 ?\ght wor?y to receive = its ,prie/ ,/4 ,trophimus1 s5t by ! ,apo/les1 %\ld claim ! "r ( orda9+ to ! ,high ,prie/hood4#gj ,! view on :i* ,/4 ,leo act$ 9 ^! proce$+s aga9/ ,/4 ,hil>y is v pla9ly set =? 9 c]ta9 ( 8 lett]s4 ,?us1 ,to our mo/ belov$ ,bre?r51 all ! ,bi%ops ?r\gh\t ! prov9ce ( ,vi5ne1 ,leo ,bi%op ( ,rome4444 ,! ,"l ha? will$ t ! my/]y ( ?is gift 7( ann\nc+ ! ,gospel7 %\ld belong to ! (fice ( all ! ,apo/les1 on ! condition ( its be+ *iefly seat$ 9 ! mo/ bless$ ,pet]1 fir/ ( all ! ,apo/les2 & f him1 z x 7 f ! head1 x is ,8 pleasure t ,8 gifts %\ld fl[ into ! :ole body1 t :oev] d>es to rec$e f ! rock ( ,pet] may "k t he has no "p 9 ! div9e my/]y4 ,= him ha? ,he assum$ into ! p>ticipation ( ,8 indivisible unity1 & will$ t he %\ld be nam$ :at ,he himself is1 say+1 ',?\ art ,pet]1 & ^u ?is rock ,i w build my ,*ur*3' t ! re>+ ( ! et]nal temple by ! wond]ful gift ( ! grace ( ,god might consi/ 9 ! solidity ( ,pet]1 /r5g!n+ ) ?is firmness ,8 ,*ur*1 t nei!r ! ra%ness ( man might attempt x1 nor ! gates ( hell prevail aga9/ x4#ga ,s to 8 vic> ! ,bi%op ( ,!ssalonica1 :om he 0 erect+ into an ,ex>* ov] ! t5 ,metropolitans ( ,ea/]n ,illyricum3 ,z my pr$ecessors to y\r pr$ecessors1 s h ,i1 foll[+ ! example ( ^? gone be=e1 committ$ to y\r affection my *>ge ( gov]nm5t2 t y imitat+ our g5tl5ess might relieve ! c>e :i* we 9 virtue ( our head%ip 7pr9cipalit]71 by ,div9e in/itution1 owe to all ,*ur*es1 & might1 9 "s degree1 dis*>ge our p]sonal visitation to prov9ces f> di/ant f u2 s9ce y c readily asc]ta91 by ne> & conv5i5t inspection1 :at 9 e matt] y might ei!r by y\r own zeal arrange1 or res]ve to our judgm5t4 ,= we h entru/$ y\r affection to repres5t u on ?is condition1 t y are call$ to a "p ( our solicitude1 b n to ! fulness ( our p[]4444 ,b if 9 a matt] :i* y believe fit to be consid]$ & decid$ on ) y\r bre?r51 7! ,bi%ops ( ! prov9ce17 _! s5t5ce diff]s f y\rs1 let e ?+ be ref]r$ to u on ! au?ority ( ! ,acts1 t all d\btfulness may be remov$1 & we may decree :at please? ,god4 ,= to ?is we direct all our solicitude & c>e1 t ! unity ( mutual agreem5t & ! ma9t5ance ( discipl9e be brok5 by no diss5sion1 nor neglect$ by any slo?fulness4444 ,= ! compactness ( our unity _c rema9 firm1 unless ! bond ( *>ity b9d u into an insep>able :ole2 because1 'z we h _m memb]s 9 "o body1 & all memb]s h n ! same (fice1 s we1 be+ _m1 are "o body 9 ,*ri/1 & e "o memb]s "o ( ano!r4' ,= x is ! jo9+ toge!r :i* makes "o s\ndness1 & "o beauty 9 ! :ole body3 & ?is jo9+ toge!r1 z x requires unanimity 9 ! :ole body1 s especially dem&s concord among ,prie/s4 ,= ?\gh ^! h a l dignity1 yet h !y n an equal jurisdiction2 7quibus cum dignitas sit communis1 non e/ tam5 ordo g5]alis27 s9ce ev5 among/ ! mo/ bless$ ,apo/les1 z !re 0 a lik5ess ( hon\r1 s 0 !re a c]ta9 di/9ction ( p[]2 & ! election ( all be+ equal1 pre-em95ce ov] ! re/ 0 giv5 to "o4 ,f :i* type 7=ma7 ! di/9ction betwe5 ,bi%ops also has aris51 & x 0 provid$ by an important arrangem5t t all %\ld n claim to !mselves p[] ov] all1 b t 9 e prov9ce !re %\ld be "o1 ^: s5t5ce %\ld be consid]$ ! fir/ among 8 bre?r52 & o!rs aga9 seat$ 9 ! great] cities %\ld und]take a l>g] c>e1 ?r\gh :om ! direction ( ! ,univ]sal ,*ur* %\ld conv]ge to ! "o ,see ( ,pet]1 & no?+ any:]e disagree f its head4#gb ,i ?9k x fair to admit t ! g]m ( some?+ v l ! pres5t papal sy/em1 )\t1 h[ev]1 su* a wond]ful conc5tration & absorption ( all p[]1 is disc]nible 9 ^! words4 ,i %all give fur!r on1 ,bossuet's int]pretation ( _! mo/ rem>kable expression4 ,b x is also c]ta9 t su* is n ! view ( ! ,*ur*'s gov]nm5t set be=e u by ,/4 ,cyprian1 ,/4 ,augu/91 ,/4 ,v9c5t ( ,l]9s1 & ! ,fa!rs g5]ally1 nor ! "o support$ by ! acts ( ! anci5t ,*ur*4 ,!re is a v di/9ct tone 9 ! tea*+ & acts ( ,/4 ,leo1 & ! o!r ,popes g5]ally1 f t ( ! contempor>y ,bi%ops & ,fa!rs :o _h n succe$$ to ,/4 ,pet]'s own see4 ,x consi/s 9 dwell+ on ! ,primacy s /rongly1 z q to ?r[ out ( view ! apo/olic p[]s ( o!r ,bi%ops2 :]eas ^! latt] dwell ^u ! apo/olic p[]s ( ! episcopate g5]ally2 &1 :ile !y admit ,/4 ,pet]'s ,primacy & t ( ! ,roman see1 place ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! h>moni\s agreem5t ( all4 ,/4 ,leo's view1 rigor\sly c>ri$ out1 z x has be5 by ! lat] ,roman ,*ur*1 sub/itutes ,/4 ,pet] s+ly1 = ,/4 ,pet] & 8 bre?r52 & ?is usurpation1 ,i repeat1 we h to admit afre%1 or else be acc\nt$ h]etics & s*ismatics4 ,n[1 z to ! gov]nm5t ( :i* ,/4 ,leo _h ! ideal be=e him1 ,i mu/ fir/ rem>k t x 0 new4 ,he says himself to ! ,bi%op ( ,!ssalonica3 ,! gov]nm5t ( ,*ur*es 9 ,illyricum1 :i* we commit 9 our /ead to y\r affection1 foll[+ ! example ( ,siricius ( bless$ memory1 :o to y\r pr$ecessor ,anysius ( holy memory !n fir/ committ$ ) a c]ta9 *>ge ! support+ ( ! ,*ur*es ( t prov9ce1 :i* he desir$ to be ma9ta9$ 9 discipl9e4#gc ,t is1 x 0 sc>cely sixty ye>s s9ce ,pope ,siricius _h select$ ! ,bi%op ( ! ,metropolis to keep a wat* ov] ! ma9t5ance ( ! canons4 ,& n[ ,pope ,leo 0 already requir+ ! ,metropolitans to consecrate no ,bi%op )\t fir/ consult+ ! ,bi%op ( ,!ssalonica z 8 vic>4 ,secondly1 ?is proce$+ on ! "p ( ! ,popes 0 n submitt$ to g5]ally1 ev5 ?r\gh\t ! ,we/4 ,! ,codex ,ecclesiae ,africanae is full ( prohibitions aga9/ ev5 appeal+ to ,bi%ops beyond ! sea1 i4e4 ! ,pope4 ,9 ,/4 ,augu/9's "t1 z we h se51 !y positively =bad ! ,pope's int]f]5ce ) _! int]nal gov]nm5t1 & only submitt$ to x aft] !y _h be5 enfeebl$ by ! irruption ( ! ,v&als4 ,?irdly1 ?is p[] 0 set up v mu* inde$ by help ( ! imp]ial au?ority4 ,! process1 9 fact1 ( c5traliz+ 9 ! ,*ur*1 ran completely p>allel ) t 9 ! ,/ate4 ,! law ( ,val5t9ian1 above m5tion$1 is a /rong pro( ( ?is4 ,( c\rse ! object ( ! emp]ors 0 to control ! action ( ! ,*ur* ?r\gh "o ,bi%op made ! *ief4 ,b x is some:at rem>kable t t ,*ur* :i* ma9ta9s a /&+ prote/ aga9/ ! int]f]5ce ( ! ,/ate ) spiritual matt]s1 7a prote/ = :i* %e is wor?y ( all respect & admiration17 %\ld owe to ! support ( ! ,/ate1 9 diff]5t p]iods ( h] hi/ory1 v mu* m ( h] p[] ?an any o!r ,*ur*4 ,x may be t ,god rew>ds ! fe>less ma9t5ance ( spiritual rights by ! grant ( t v temporal p[] :i* ?reat5s !m ) de/ruction4 ,n[ z we h _h ,/4 ,j]ome 9 a not$ place appeal+ to ,rome1 & ackn[l$g+ h] primacy1 let u take ano!r passage ( 8 :i*1 ,i ?9k1 implicitly d5ies ,/4 ,leo's view4 ,argu+ !n aga9/ ! pride ( ! ,roman deacons1 9 :i* city1 z !y 7 only sev5 9 numb]1 ! (fice 0 9 high] e/imation ?an ev5 ! prie/hood1 :i* 0 num]\s1 he obs]ves1 ,nor is ! ,*ur* ( ! ,roman city to be consid]$ "o1 & t ( ! :ole _w ano!r4 ,bo? ! ,gauls1 & ! ,brita9s1 & ,africa1 & ,p]sia1 & ! ,ea/1 & ,india1 & all b>b>\s nations1 adore "o ,*ri/1 obs]ve "o rule ( tru?4 ,if y require au?ority1 ! _w is great] ?an ! city4 ,:]ev] a bi%op is1 be x at ,rome1 or ,eugubium1 or ,con/ant9ople1 or ,rhegium1 or ,alex&ria1 or ,tanae1 he is ( ! same rank1 ! same prie/hood4 ,! p[] ( ri*es1 & ! humility ( pov]ty1 make a bi%op nei!r high] nor l[]4 ,b all are successors ( ! ,apo/les4 ,b y say1 h[ is x t at ,rome a prie/ is orda9$ ^u ! te/imony ( a deacon8 ,:y allege to me ! cu/om ( a s+le city8 ,:y def5d aga9/ ! laws ( ! ,*ur* a fewness ( numb]1 :i* is ! s\rce ( _! pride8#gd ,! v =ce ( ,/4 ,leo's view lies 9 ! exact contradictory ( ,/4 ,j]ome's words3 viz4 ! city is great] ?an ! _w1 & ?is alone ju/ifies & be>s out ! pres5t claim ( ! ,roman see1 & its attitude bo? to ^? )91 & to ^? )\t1 its pale4 ,b f\r?ly1 _h ?is gov]nm5t1 z imag$ out by ,/4 ,leo1 be5 submitt$ to n only 9 ,gaul1 ,spa91 ,africa1 & ,illyricum1 b ?r\gh\t ! ,we/ g5]ally1 all ?is w\ld /ill be no?+ = its ca?olicity1 & !re=e its b9d+ effect1 unless x _h be5 all[$ by ! ,ea/4 ,n[ we h ! /ronge/ pro( t x nev] 0 s all[$4 ,?is int]f]5ce1 & mu* m1 ! c5tralization po9t$ at1 z x nev] w\ld h be5 tol]at$1 s nei!r 0 x attempt$1 9 ! patri>*ates ( ! ,ea/4 ,!re 0 f> less dang] ( ! patri>*al p[] becom+ excessive1 :5 x 0 possess$ by five1 :o 7 a *eck to ea* o!r4 ,/4 ,leo's influ5ce & au?ority 9 ! ,we/ 7 balanc$ by ! ex]cise ( l influ5ce & au?ority 9 ! ,ea/1 orig9ally by ! sees ( ,alex&ria & ,antio*1 & at ?is & lat] times /ill m by t ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,& ?\gh ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/ ! ,bi%op ( ,rome 0 reckon$ ! fir/ ( ^! 9 rank1 yet ! ,ea/]ns 7 gov]n$ entirely by _! own ,patri>*s4 ,s f> f !re be+ any au?ority delegat$ by ,rome to ! ,ea/]n ,patri>*s1 !re 0 no appeal f !m to ,rome1 t is to say1 9 a matt] belong+ to _! p>ticul> gov]nm5t2 = z to ! g5]al fai? ( ! ,*ur*1 9 any peculi> em]g5cy or violation ( ! usual ord] ( proc$ure1 !re 0 an appeal1 if n lawful1 at lea/ ex]cis$1 to any ( ! ,patri>*s4 ,?us ,!odoret ( ,cyrus1 unju/ly depos$ by ,dioscorus ( ,alex&ria 9 ! ,latroc9ium ( ,ephesus1 flies to ! ,apo/olic ?rone ( ,/4 ,leo2 = 9 all ?+s x is becom+ t y %\ld h ! primacy4 ,= y\r ?rone is adorn$ ) _m advantages4 ,x has ! sepul*res ( our common ,fa!rs & tea*]s ( ! tru?1 ,pet] & ,paul4 ,^! h made y\r ?rone exce$+ly illu/ri\s4 ,?is is ! height ( y\r bless+s4#ge ,?\gh a supplicant1 he addresses him only z fir/ ,bi%op ( ! ,*ur*1 n z mon>*4 ,x is a virtual d5ial ( ! pres5t ,papal au?ority1 because a sil5ce1 :]e x w\ld h be5 put =w>d1 _h x be5 kn[n4 ,s ! h]etic ,euty*es1 be=e ! c\ncil ( 8 own ,patri>*1 :5 8 deposition 0 read1 appeal$ to ! holy synod ( ! mo/ holy ,bi%op ( ,rome1 & ,alex&ria1 & ,j]usalem1 & ,!ssalonica4#gf ,?us ,/4 ,isidore ( ,spa91 9 ! six? c5tury1 says3 ,! ord] ( ,bi%ops is f\rfold2 t is1 ,patri>*s1 ,ar*bi%ops1 ,metropolitans1 & ,bi%ops4 ,9 ,greek a ,patri>* is call$ ! fir/ ( ! ,fa!rs1 because he holds ! fir/1 t is1 ! ,apo/olic place1 & !re=e1 because he holds ! highe/ rank1 he has su* an appellation1 z ! ,roman1 ! ,antio*5e1 & ! ,alex&r9e4#gg ,accord+ly ,giesel] says1 ,at ! end ( ?is p]iod1 7,a4,d4 #dea17 ! f\r ,patri>*s ( ! ,ea/ 7 held 9 _! patri>*ates = ecclesia/ical c5tres1 to :i* ! o!r ,bi%ops _h to atta* !mselves = ma9t5ance ( ecclesia/ical unity2 & 9 conjunction ) _! patri>*al synod !y =m$ ! highe/ tribunal ( appeal 9 all ecclesia/ical matt]s ( ! patri>*ate2 :il/1 on ! o!r h&1 !y 7 treat$ z ! highe/ repres5tatives ( ! ,*ur*1 :o1 ?r\gh mutual communication ) ea* o!r1 7 to ma9ta9 ! unity ( ! univ]sal ,*ur*1 & )\t ^: concurr5ce no decrees conc]n+ ! :ole ,*ur* c\ld be made4#gh ,b no m c]ta9 pro( ( ! indep5d5ce ( ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* c be giv5 ?an ! ,synodical ,epi/le ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ant9ople to ! ,pope & ! ,we/]n ,bi%ops4 ,?is 0 a ,synod ( purely ,ea/]n ,bi%ops1 held 9 #cha1 :i* aft]w>ds1 by ! cons5t ( ! ,we/]n ,*ur*1 became ,ecum5ical4 ,?is ,c\ncil arrang$1 )\t any ref]5ce to ! ,we/1 ! affairs ( ! ,ori5tal ,*ur*1 & 0 ev5 q op5ly on ! side ( ! p>ty ( ,meletius1 reject$ by ! ,we/]ns2 j s ! int]f]5ce attempt$ by ! ,italian ,bi%ops 9 ! matt] ( ,maximus1 ! c\nt]-,bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople1 rema9$ q disreg>d$4#gi ,!y write ?us3 ,to our mo/ hon\r$ ,lords & pi\s bre?r5 & fell[-m9i/]s1 ,damasus1 ( ,rome1 ,ambrosius1 ( ,milan1 ,britton1 ,val]ianus1 ,as*olius1 ,anemius1 ,basilius1 & ! o!r holy ,bi%ops assembl$ 9 ! great city ( ,rome1 ! holy ,synod ( or?odox ,bi%ops assembl$ 9 ! great city ( ,con/ant9ople greet+ 9 ! ,"l4#hj ,!n aft] in=m+ !m :at !y _h decre$ conc]n+ ! highe/ matt]s ( ! fai?1 !y g on--,b z to ! managem5t ( p>ticul> matt]s 9 ! ,*ur*es1 bo? an anci5t fundam5tal pr9ciple1 7,greek3 !smos17 z ye "k1 ha? prevail$1 & ! rule ( ! holy ,fa!rs at ,nicea1 t 9 ea* prov9ce ^? ( ! prov9ce1 i4e4 ! ,bi%ops1 & if !y be will+1 _! neighb\rs also1 %\ld make ! elections accord+ z !y judge meet4 ,9 accordance ) :i* "k ye bo? t ! re/ ( ! ,*ur*es are adm9i/]$ by u1 & t ,prie/s ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ,*ur*es h be5 appo9t$4 ,:5ce 9 !1 s to say1 newly-f\nd$ ,*ur* ( ,con/ant9ople1 :i* by ! m]cy ( ,god we h snat*$ z x 7 out ( ! jaws ( ! lion1 f subjection to ! blasphemy ( ! h]etics1 we h elect$ ,bi%op ! mo/ rev]5d & pi\s ,nect>ius1 9 an ,ecum5ical#ha ,c\ncil1 ) common agreem5t1 9 ! sight bo? ( ! mo/ religi\s emp]or ,!odosius1 & ) ! cons5t ( all ! ,cl]gy & ! :ole city4 ,& ^?1 ! ,bi%ops1 bo? ( ! prov9ce & ( ! diocese#hb ( ! ,ea/1 be+ canonically assembl$1 ! :ole accordant ,*ur* z ) "o voice hon\r+ ! man1 h elect$ ! mo/ rev]5d & religi\s ,bi%op ,flavian to ! mo/ anci5t & truly apo/olical ,*ur* ( ,antio* 9 ,syria1 :]e fir/ ! v5]able "n ( ,*ri/ian became kn[n3 :i* legitimate election ! :ole ,synod ha? receiv$4 7,& ?is not)/&+ ! ,bi%op ,paul9us1 :o 0 receiv$ by ,rome & ! ,we/1 _h surviv$ ,/4 ,meletius1 & 0 !n alive4 ,s t !y w\ld n1 ev5 :5 su* an opportunity occurr$1 accept ! ,bi%op 9 communion ) ,rome--a fact on ! "o side1 :i* ,i suppose may weigh aga9/ ^? words ( ,/4 ,j]ome on ! o!r1 ,i "k n ,vitalis2 ,meletius ,i reject2 ,i am ignorant ( ,paul9us4 ,quot$1 p4 #bf4 ,x seems t ?\gh ! te/ ( communion ) ,rome satisfi$ ,/4 ,j]ome1 x did n satisfy an ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil47 ,b ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,j]usalem1 ! "m ( all ,*ur*es1 we decl>e t ! mo/ rev]5d & religi\s ,cyril is ,bi%op1 bo? z long s9ce canonically elect$ by ^? ( 8 prov9ce1 & z hav+ /ruggl$ mu* aga9/ ! ,arians 9 diff]5t places4 ,:om1 z be+ lawfully & canonically e/abli%$ by u1 we invite y\r piety also to congratulate1 ?r\gh spiritual love1 & ! fe> ( ! ,"l1 :i* represses all human affection1 & acc\nts ! edification ( ! ,*ur*es m preci\s ?an sympa?y )1 or fav\r (1 individuals4 ,= ?us1 by agreem5t 9 ! ^w ( fai?1 & by ! e/abli%m5t ( ,*ri/ian love 9 u1 we %all cease to say :at ! ,apo/le has condemn$--,i am ( ,paul1 & ,i ( ,apollos1 & ,i ( ,cephas4 ,= all be+ %[n to be ,*ri/'s1 :o 9 u is n divid$1 by ! help ( ,god we %all keep ! body ( ! ,*ur* unr5t1 & %all /& ) confid5ce be=e ! tribunal ( ! ,"l4 ,"h is ! :ole ,ea/1 9 ! ye> #cha1 long be=e ! s*ism1 ann\nc+ to ! ,bi%ops ( ,rome1 ,milan1 ,aquilea1 & ! ,we/1 ! election ( its ,patri>*s1 & ex]cis+ z an anci5t inconte/able "r t lib]ty ( self-gov]nm5t1 accord+ to ! canons1 = cont9u+ to d :i* v ?+1 & = no?+ else1 ! ,lat9 ,*ur* acc\nts bo? ! ,greek & ,engli% ,*ur* s*ismatic4 ,n[ ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*1 z its own rituals to ?is day decl>e1 always ackn[l$g$ ,/4 ,pet]'s primacy1 & t 8 primacy 0 inh]it$ by ! ,bi%op ( ,rome2 b x is app>5t at once t x nev] receiv$1 nay mo/ /rongly abhorr$1 t sy/em ( c5tralization ( all p[] 9 ,rome1 :i* ,/4 ,leo seems to h _h be=e 8 eyes4 ,its mo/ holy & illu/ri\s ,fa!rs nev] submitt$ to ?is dom9ation4 ,/4 ,basil _h already compla9$ ( ! ,we/]n pride1 7,greek3 dutike ophrus47#hc ,/4 ,gregory ( ,nazianzum is t v ,ar*bi%op by ^: volunt>y cession & advice ,nect>ius is elect$4 ,/4 ,gregory ( ,nyssa1 & ,pet]1 bro!rs ( ,/4 ,basil1 are 9 ?is c\ncil1 & s ,/4 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem4 ,& yet ,bell>m9e w h x t ,bi%ops :o s wrote & s act$ receiv$ _! jurisdiction f ,rome2 & :at is f> m important1 if !y did n1 ! pres5t ,papal !ory falls to ! gr\nd4 ,:5 ,giesel] speaks ( ! pr9ciple ( ! mutual indep5d5ce ( ! ,we/]n & ,ea/]n ,*ur* be+ firmly held 9 ! ,ea/ g5]ally1#hd ( c\rse x mu/ be und]/ood t !re c be no indep5d5ce1 /rictly s call$1 9 ! ,*ur* & ,body ( ,*ri/4 ,indep5d5ce annihilates memb]%ip & coh]5ce4 ,accord+ly1 ,i am fully prep>$ to admit t ! ,primacy ( ! ,roman ,see1 ev5 among ! ,patri>*s1 0 a real ?+2 n a m]e title ( hon\r4 ,! p[] ( ! ,fir/ ,see 0 really ex]t$ 9 difficult conjunctures to keep ! :ole body toge!r4 ,i am q aw>e t ! ,bi%op ( ,rome c\ld d1 :at ! ,bi%op ( ,alex&ria1 or ( ,antio*1 or ( ,con/ant9ople1 or ( ,j]usalem1 c\ld n d4 ,ev5 m]ely z /&+ at ! head ( ! :ole ,we/ he c\nt]balanc$ all ! f\r4 ,b ,i accept bona fide :at ,socrates & ,sozom5 tell u4 ,i believe !y _h be=e !m nei!r ! ,papal ,empire ( ,/4 ,gregory ! ,sev5?1 nor ! maxims ( ! ,re=mation4 ,!y are unbiass$ witnesses4 ,sozom5 !n tells u1 t :5 ,/4 ,a?anasius1 unju/ly depos$1 fl$ to ,rome = ju/ice1 toge!r ) ,paul ( ,con/ant9ople1 ,m>cellus ( ,ancyra1 & ,asclepas ( ,gaza1 ! ,bi%op ( ! ,romans1 hav+ inquir$ into ! accusations aga9/ ea*1 :5 he f\nd !m all agree+ ) ! doctr9e ( ! ,nic5e ,synod1 admitt$ !m to communion z agree+ ) him4 ,& inasmu* z ! c>e ( all belong$ to him on acc\nt ( ! rank ( 8 ,see1 he re/or$ to ea* 8 ,*ur*4 ,& he wrote to ! ,bi%ops ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/1 c41 :i* !y took v ill2#he s ill1 inde$1 t !y aft]w>ds pron\nc$ a s5t5ce ( deposition aga9/ ! ,pope himself4 ,aga91 ,pope ,julius wrote to !m1 accus+ !m ( secretly und]m9+ ! doctr9e ( ! ,nic5e ,synod1 & t1 contr>y to ! laws ( ! ,*ur*1 !y _h n call$ him to _! ,c\ncil4 ,= t x 0 an hi]>*ical law to decl>e null :at 0 done aga9/ ! s5t5ce ( ! ,bi%op ( ! ,romans4#hf ,t is1 9 matt]s conc]n+ ! /ate ( ! :ole ,*ur*1 z 0 ?is cause ( ,a?anasius4 ,s ,socrates says1 9 ref]5ce to ! same matt]1 t ,pope ,julius ass]t$ to ! ,bi%ops ( ! ,ea/1 t !y 7 break+ ! ,canons 9 n hav+ call$ him to _! ,c\ncil1 ! ecclesia/ical ,canon ord]+ t ! ,*ur*es %\ld n make ,canons contr>y to ! s5t5ce ( ! ,bi%op ( ,rome4#hg ,^! passages m>k ! pr]ogative ( ! ,fir/ ,see3 yet are !y q compatible ) ! g5]al self-gov]nm5t ( ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*4 ,no d\bt1 :5 ! ,patri>*s ( ! ,ea/ 7 at v>iance1 all w\ld look = support to him :o 0 bo? ! fir/ ( _! numb]1 & /ood alone ) ! :ole ,we/ to back him4 ,& ?us aga9 9 ,/4 ,leo's "t a v extraord9>y em]g5cy arose1 :i* /ill fur!r rais$ ! cr$it ( ! ,roman ,patri>*4 ,dioscorus ( ,alex&ria1 support+ ! h]etic ,euty*es1 _h1 by help ( ! ,emp]or1 depos$ & murd]$ ,/4 ,flavian ( ,con/ant9ople3 ,juv5al ( ,j]usalem 0 greatly involv$ 9 ?is transaction4 ,dioscorus _h !n consecrat$ ,anatolius to be ! successor ( ,/4 ,flavian1 & ,anatolius _h consecrat$ ,maximus to ,antio*1 in/ead ( ,domnus1 :o1 too1 _h be5 irregul>ly depos$ aft] ,/4 ,flavian4 ,n[1 _h ,dioscorus be5 o!rwise blameless1 8 consecrat+ ,anatolius1 ( 8 own au?ority1 to ,con/ant9ople1 & ,anatolius !n consecrat+ ,maximus to ,antio*1 )\t ! p>ticipation ( ,rome1 0 an infr+em5t ( ! j rights ( ! ,primacy2 z a ,patri>* c\ld n be depos$ )\t ! concurr5ce ( ! ,fir/ ,see4 ,?us ! :ole ,ea/ 0 9 confusion4 ,a h]etic _h be5 absolv$2 "o ,patri>* murd]$1 two depos$2 & ( ! o!r two1 "o 0 *ief ag5t1 & ! o!r n cle>1 9 ^! transactions4 ,no wond] t at ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on1 ! ,bi%op ( ,rome appe>$ at ! head ( ! ,we/1 bo? to v9dicate 8 own violat$ rights1 = ,dioscorus _h ev5 depos$ him1 & z ! re/or] ( true doctr9e1 & ! deliv]] ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b ,i mu/ n[ quote1 at consid]able l5g?1 ! argum5t ( ,bossuet1 & 8 /atem5t z to :]e ! sov]eign p[] 9 ! ,*ur* resides4 ,we h already se5 :at he has said respect+ ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus2 & 8 obs]vations on t ( ,*alc$on & ! f\r succe$+ ,c\ncils are equally important4 ,8 argum5t1 :i* 0 int5d$ = ! ju/ification ( ! ,gallican ,*ur*1 really rea*es to t ( ! ,greek & ,engli% ,*ur* also2 & x is ( ! v utmo/ value1 z x re/s ^u au?orities :i* are sacrosanct 9 ! eyes ( e ,ca?olic--! proce$+s & decrees ( ,ecum5ical ,c\ncils4 ,let x only be rememb]$1 t ,i quote no ,g]man rationali/1 no "o :o d5ies ei!r ! doctr9e or hi]>*y ( ! ,*ur*2 b a ,ca?olic prelate1 ! mo/ /r5u\s def5d] ( ! fai?1 & "o :o1 9 ! great assembly ( 8 bre?r51 cri$ out1 ,if ,i =get !e1 ,*ur* ( ,rome1 may ,i =get myself2 may my tongue dry1 & rema9 motionless 9 my m\?1 if ?\ art n always ! fir/ 9 my remembrance1 if ,i place !e n at ! beg9n+ ( all my songs ( joy4#hh ,! "q !n at issue is1 :e!r ! ,bi%op ( ,rome be ! fir/ ( ! ,patri>*s1 & fir/ ,bi%op ( ! :ole _w1 ! head ( ! ,apo/olic college1 & hold+ among !m ! place :i* ,pet] held1 all :i* ,i freely ackn[l$ge1 z ! te/imony ( antiquity2 or :e!r he be1 fur!r1 n only ?is1 b ! s\rce ( all jurisdiction1 unit+ 9 8 s+le p]son all ^? p[]s :i* belong$ to ,pet] & ! ,apo/les collectively3 an idea :i*1 h[ev] extravagant1 is actually ma9ta9$ at pres5t 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 is moreov] absolutely necess>y to ju/ify its acts1 & to condemn ! position ( ! ,greek & ,engli% ,*ur*4 ,bossuet1 :o f\ght = ! ,gallican lib]ties1 f\ght = ! ,anglican likewise4 ,let#hi u n[ review ! ,acts ( ! ,g5]al ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on4 ,! previ\s facts 7 ^!4 ,! two natures ( ,*ri/ 7 conf\nd$ by ,euty*es1 an ,ar*im&rite & ,abbot ( ,con/ant9ople1 an old man no less ob/9ate ?an out ( 8 s5ses4 ,he !n 0 condemn$ by 8 own ,bi%op1 ,/4 ,flavian ( ,con/ant9ople1 & appeal$ to all ! ,patri>*s1 b *iefly to ! ,roman ,pontiff4 ,leo writes to ,flavian1 & 'ord]s ev]y?+ to be laid be=e him4' ,flavian answ]s & reque/s ( ,leo 't1 mak+ 8 own ! common cause & ! discipl9e ( ! holy ,*ur*es1 he %\ld1 at ! same "t1 decree t ! condemnation ( ,euty*es 0 regul>ly pass$1 & by 8 own words %\ld /r5g!n ! fai? ( ! ,emp]or4' ,he add$1 ',= ! cause only ne$s y\r support & def9ition2 & y %\ld1 by y\r own det]m9ation1 br+ x to peace4' ,?is means1 x is pla9 & cle>1 x has yet few foll[]s1 & ^? obscure1 & ( no great "n4 ,he ends1 ',= s ! h]esy :i* has aris5 w be mo/ easily de/roy$1 by ! coop]ation ( ,god1 ?r\gh y\r lett]s2 & ! ,c\ncil1 ( :i* !re are rum\rs1 be giv5 up1 t ! holy ,*ur*es be n di/urb$4' ,?is1 too1 is 9 accordance ) discipl9e1 = h]esies to be imm$iately suppress$1 fir/ by ! ,bi%op's c>e1 !n by t ( ! ,apo/olic ,see3 nor is x =?) necess>y t an univ]sal ,c\ncil be assembl$1 & ! peace ( all ,*ur*es tr\bl$4 ,aft] ! proce$+s _h be5 s5t to ,leo1 he writes to ,flavian1 mo/ fully & cle>ly sett+ =? ! my/]y ( ! ,"l's inc>nation1 z he says himself1 & z all ,*ur*es be> witness2 at ! same "t he praises ! acts ( ,flavian1 & condemns ,euty*es1 yet ) ! grant ( indulg5ce1 %\ld he make am5ds4 ,?is is t noble & div9e lett] :i* 0 aft]w>ds s w>mly celebrat$ ?r\gh ! :ole ,*ur*1 & :i* ,i wi% to be und]/ood s (t5 z ,i "n simply ,leo's lett]4 ,& "h ! "q might h be5 t]m9at$1 b = ^? incid5ts :i* induc$ ! ,emp]or ,!odosius ! y\ng] to call ! ,synod ( ,ephesus4 ,he 0 ! same :o _h appo9t$ ! ,fir/ ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus1 "u ,coele/9e & ,cyril4 ,( ?is ,synod ,/4 ,leo writes to ,!odosius1 at fir/1 't ! matt] 0 s evid5t1 t = reasonable causes ! call+ ( a ,synod %\ld be ab/a9$ f4' ,& ,flavian likewise seem$ to h be5 aga9/ ?is4 ,b aft] ! ,emp]or1 ) good int5tions1 _h convok$ ! ,synod1 ,leo gives 8 cons5t1 & s5ds ! lett] to ! ,synod1 9 :i* he praises ! ,emp]or = be+ will+ to hold an assembly ( ,bi%ops1 't by a full] judgm5t all error may be done away )4' ,he m5tions t he _h s5t ,legates1 :o1 says he1 '9 my /ead %all be pres5t at ! sacr$ assembly ( y\r ,bro!rhood1 & det]m9e1 by a jo9t s5t5ce ) y1 :at %all please ! ,"l4' ,"h are ?ree po9ts3 fir/1 t 9 que/ions ( fai? x is n always necess>y = an ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil to be assembl$4 ,secondly1 t ,leo1 great ,pontiff z he 01 did n decl9e a judgm5t1 if ! cause requir$ x1 aft] ! matt] _h be5 judg$ by himself4 ,?irdly1 t1 if a ,synod 7 held1 x behov$ t all error %\ld be done away ) by a full] judgm5t1 & ! "q be t]m9at$ by ! ,apo/olic ,see1 by a jo9t s5t5ce ) ! ,bi%ops1 9 :i* he ackn[l$ges t full =ce ( cons5t1 s (t5 m5tion$ by me4 ,b aft] ,dioscorus1 ,bi%op ( ,alex&ria1 ! protector ( ,euty*es1 _h done e ?+ ) viol5ce & crime1 & n a ,c\ncil1 b an assembly ( robb]s d[nright1 _h be5 held at ,ephesus1 !n1 :5 ! ,episcopal ord] _h be5 divid$1 & ! :ole ,*ur* ?r[n into confusion1 "u ! "n ( ! ,second ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus1 ,leo himself admits t a new g5]al ,c\ncil mu/ be held1 :i* %\ld ei!r remove or mitigate all (f5ces1 s t !re %\ld no long] be ei!r any d\bt z to fai?1 or division 9 *>ity4 ,!re=e he p]ceiv$ t s*isms1 & su* a fluctuation ( m9ds respect+ ! fai? itself1 c\ld n be suffici5tly remov$ by 8 own judgm5t4 ,& ! ,pontiff1 no less wise & good ?an resolute1 dem&$ a full]1 firm]1 great] judgm5t1 by ! au?ority ( a ,g5]al ,c\ncil1 by :i*1 t is1 all d\bt might be remov$4 ,b ! ,emp]or ,!odosius w\ld n he> ( a new ,c\ncil1 s long z he ?\ght t due ord] _h be5 pres]v$ at ,ephesus4 ',= ! matt] 0 settl$ at ,ephesus by ! deposition ( ^? :o des]v$ x2 & a decision hav+ be5 once pass$1 no?+ else c be det]m9$ aft] x4' ,"h ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! judgm5ts ( ,roman ,pontiffs & ( ,g5]al ,c\ncils is v evid5t2 ! judgm5t ( ! ,roman ,pontiff be+ reconsid]$ 9 a ,c\ncil1 :]eas aft] a ,c\ncil1 s long z x is held a lawful "o1 no?+ c be reconsid]$1 no?+ he>d4 ,b z ,!odosius %ortly aft]w>ds di$1 ! ,emp]or ,m>cian1 ^u und]/&+ t ! ,ephes9e assembly _h us$ viol5ce1 & act$ o!rwise aga9/ ! ,canons1 & 0 !re=e refus$ ! "n & au?ority ( an ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil by mo/ ,bi%ops1 b *iefly by ! ,roman ,pontiff1 c\ld n d5y ! call+ ( a new ,c\ncil to ,leo's reque/4 ,s ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on took place1 & all admitt$ t !re 7 c]ta9 diss5sions on matt] ( fai? s grave1 t !y c only be settl$ by ! au?ority ( an ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil4 ,all "k t m ?an six hundr$ ,bi%ops assembl$ at ,*alc$on4 ,! ,bi%ops ,pas*as9us & ,luc5tius presid$ ov] ! holy ,c\ncil 9 ,leo's /ead4 ,magi/rates 7 assign$ by ! ,emp]or to direct ! proce$+s1 & re/ra9 disord]2 b to leave ! "q ( fai? & all ecclesia/ical matt]s to ! p[] & judgm5t ( ! ,c\ncil4 ,b 9 ?is ,c\ncil two ?+s make = u3 fir/1 ! deposition ( ,dioscorus2 secondly1 ! s5t5ce ( ! ,c\ncil respect+ ! approval ( ,leo's lett]4 ,) ,dioscorus !y ?us proce$$3 :51 ^u be+ cit$1 he refus$ to pres5t himself to judgm5t1 & 8 crimes 7 notori\s to all1 ,pas*as9us1 ,legate ( ! ,apo/olic ,see1 asks ! ,fa!rs1--',we desire to "k :at y\r ,hol9ess det]m9es3' ! holy ,synod repli$1 ',:at ! ,canons ord]4' ,! ,bi%op ,luc5tius said1 ',c]ta9 proce$+s took place 9 ! holy ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus by our mo/ bless$ ,fa!r ,cyril2 look into _! =m1 & assign :at =m y det]m9e on4' ,! ,bi%op ,pas*as9us said1 ',does y\r piety comm& u to use ,ecclesia/ical puni%m5t8 ,d y cons5t8' ,! holy ,c\ncil said1 ',we all cons5t4' ,! ,bi%op ,pas*as9us said1 ',aga9 ,i ask1 :at is ! pleasure ( y\r bless$ness8' ,maximus1 ,bi%op ( ! great city ( ,antio*1 said1 ',we are con=mable to :atev] seems good to y\r ,hol9ess4' ,?us ! initiative1 & =m1 z x 0 call$1 0 to be giv5 by ! ,apo/olic ,see4 ,& s ! ,legates1 aft] rec\nt+ ! crimes ( ,dioscorus1 ?us pron\nc$3 ',:]e=e1 holy ,leo1 by u & ?is pres5t ,c\ncil1 toge!r ) ! mo/ bless$ ,apo/le ,pet]1 :o is ! rock & gr\nd ( ! ,*ur*1 & ! f\ndation ( ! "r fai?1 ha? decl>$ him cut (f f all sac]dotal p[]4' ,anatolius1 ,bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople1 said1 ',z our mo/ bless$ ,ar*bi%op & ,fa!r ,leo1 s ,anatolius4' ,! re/ to ! same effect3 ',i agree2 ,i am ( ! same m9d2 ,i agree to ! condemnation made by ! ,c\ncil2 ,i decl>e1 ,i decree ! same3' & ! subscription1 ',i1 ,pas*as9us1 decl>e & subscribe2' ',i1 ,anatolius1 decl>e & subscribe2' & s ! re/4 ,?us f ,pet] ! head & s\rce ( ,unity ! s5t5ce began1 & !n became ( full =ce by common agreem5t ( ! ,bi%ops1 j z t fir/ ,c\ncil ( ! ,apo/les is always repres5t$4 ,by ?is is und]/ood ! lett] ( ! ,emp]or ,val5t9ian to ! ,emp]or ,!odosius3 ',we ought to def5d ) all devotion1 & pres]ve 9 our times un9jur$1 ! dignity ( ! v5]ation due to ! bless$ ,apo/le ,pet]3 s t ! mo/ bless$ ,bi%op ( ! ,roman city may h p[] to judge conc]n+ ! fai? & ,bi%ops4' ,n1 h[ev]1 alone1 b ) ! condition add$ by ! ,emp]or1 ',t ! a=esaid ,bi%op1' at lea/1 9 ^? causes :i* t\* ! fai? & ! univ]sal /ate ( ! ,*ur*1 'may give s5t5ce aft] assembl+ ! ,prie/s f ! :ole _w4' ,t is1 by a common decree1 z bo? ,leo himself _h dem&$1 & z we h se5 done 9 ! ,c\ncil itself4 ,) ! same view1 ! ,empress ,pul*]ia writes to ,leo conc]n+ assembl+ ! ,bi%ops1 ':o1' %e says1 ':5 ! ,c\ncil is made1 %all decree1 at y\r in/ance1 conc]n+ ! ,ca?olic confession1 & conc]n+ ,bi%ops4' ,! ,emp]ors ,val5t9ian & ,m>cian write ! same to ,leo3 t1 'by ! ,c\ncil to be held1' e ?+ %\ld be done at 8 in/ance3 fir/ lay+ ?is d[n1 t he 'possess$ ! fir/ rank 9 ! ,episcopate1 z to fai?4' ,h5ce x is v pla9ly evid5t1 t1 9 ! usual ord]1 bo? ! ,pope %\ld h ! initiative1 & ! ,bi%ops sitt+ ) him %\ld be judges2 & t ! =ce ( an irrev]sible decree lies 9 agreem5t3 ! v ?+ to :i* ! ,empress ,pul*]ia be>s witness1 9 h] lett] to ,/rategus ! ,consul>1 :o 0 ord]$ to protect ! ,c\ncil f all viol5ce3 't ! holy ,c\ncil1 hold+ its sitt+s ) all discipl9e1 :at has be5 reveal$ by ! ,"l ,*ri/ %\ld be confirm$ 9 common by all1 )\t any di/urbance1 & ) agreem5t4' ,mean:ile1 x is evid5t t proce$+s are at ! in/ance ( ! ,pontiff1 yet s t ! =ce ( ! decree lies1 n 9 ! sole au?ority ( ! ,pontiff1 :i* no "o !n imag9$1 b 9 ! cons5t itself & approval ( ! ,c\ncil3 & t ! ,fa!rs & ! ,c\ncil decree toge!r1 judge toge!r1 & ! s5t5ce ( ! ,c\ncil is ! s5t5ce ( ! ,pope2 :i*1 :5 ! cons5t ( ! ,*ur*es is add$1 is !n held to be irrev]sible & f9al1 :i* is all ,i dem&4 ,ano!r important po9t treat$ 9 ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on1 t is1 ! e/abli%+ ( ! fai?1 & ! approval ( ,leo's lett]1 is z foll[s4 ,already almo/ ! :ole ,we/1 & mo/ ( ! ,ea/]ns1 ) ,anatolius himself1 ,bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople1 _h gone s f> z to confirm by subscription t lett]1 be=e ! ,c\ncil took place2 & 9 ! ,c\ncil itself ! ,fa!rs _h (t5 cri$ out1 ',we believe1 z ,leo3 ,pet] ha? spok5 by ,leo3 we h all subscrib$ ! lett]3 :at has be5 set =? is suffici5t = ! fai?3 no o!r exposition may be made4' ,?+s w5t s f>1 t !y w\ld h>dly p]mit a def9ition to be made by ! ,c\ncil4 ,b nei!r subscriptions privately made be=e ! ,c\ncil1 nor ^! vehem5t cries ( ! ,fa!rs 9 ! ,c\ncil1 7 ?\ght suffici5t to tranquillize m9ds 9 s unsettl$ a /ate ( ! ,*ur*1 = fe> t a matt] s important might seem det]m9$ r by outcries ?an by fair & legitimate discussion4 ,& ! ,cl]gy ( ,con/ant9ople exclaim$1 ',x is a few :o cry out1 n ! :ole ,c\ncil :i* speaks4' ,s x 0 det]m9$ t ! lett] ( ,leo %\ld be lawfully exam9$ by ! ,c\ncil1 & a def9ition ( fai? be writt5 by ! ,synod itself4 ,s ! acts ( =ego+ ,c\ncils be+ previ\sly read1 ! magi/rates propos$ conc]n+ ,leo's lett]1 ',z ! ,gospels lie be=e y1 let e "o ( ! mo/ rev]5d ,bi%ops decl>e :e!r ! exposition ( ! #cah ,fa!rs1 &1 aft] t1 ( ! #aej ,fa!rs1 agrees ) ! lett] ( holy ,leo4' ,s9ce ! "q z to exam9+ ! lett] ( ,leo 0 put 9 ?is =m1 x w be wor? :ile to weigh ! s5t5ces1 &1 z !y are call$1 ! votes ( ! ,fa!rs1 9 ord] to und]/& f ! beg9n+ :y !y approv$ ( ! lett]2 :y !y aft]w>ds def5d$ x ) s mu* zeal2 :y1 f9ally1 x 0 ratifi$ aft] s exact an exam9ation ( ! ,c\ncil4 ,anatolius fir/ gives 8 s5t5ce4 ',! lett] ( ! mo/ holy ,leo agrees ) ! ,cre$ ( ! #cah & ! #aej ,fa!rs2 z also ) :at 0 done at ,ephesus "u ,coele/9e & ,cyril2 !re=e ,i agree & will+ly subscribe to x4' ,^! are ! words ( "o pla9ly delib]at+1 n bl9dly subscrib+ out ( m]e ob$i5ce4 ,! re/ say to ! same effect3 ',x agrees1 & ,i subscribe4' ,_m pla9ly & expressly1 ',x agrees1 & ,i !re=e subscribe4' ,"s add1 ',x agrees1 & ,i subscribe1 z x is correct4' ,o!rs1 ',i am sure t x agrees4' ,o!rs1 ',z x is concordant1 & has ! same aim1 we embrace x1 & subscribe4' ,o!rs1 ',?is is ! fai? we h long held3 ?is we hold3 9 ?is we 7 baptiz$3 9 ?is we baptize4' ,o!rs1 & a great "p1 ',z ,i see1 z ,i feel1 z ,i h prov$1 z ,i f9d t x agrees1 ,i subscribe4' ,o!rs1 ',z ,i am p]suad$1 in/ruct$1 in=m$1 t all agrees1 ,i subscribe4' ,_m set =? _! difficulties1 mo/ly aris+ f a =eign language2 o!rs f ! subject matt]1 say+1 t !y _h he>d ! lett]1 '& 9 v _m po9ts 7 assur$ x 0 "r3 "s few words /ood 9 _! way1 :i* seem$ to po9t at a c]ta9 division 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/4' ,!y add1 t !y _h be5 in=m$ by ,pas*as9us & ! ,legates 't !re is no division1 b "o ,*ri/2 !re=e1' !y say1 'we agree & subscribe4' ,o!rs1 aft] m5tion+ :at ,pas*as9us & ,luc5tius _h said1 ?us conclude3 ',by ?is we h be5 satisfi$1 &1 consid]+ t x agrees 9 all ?+s ) ! holy ,fa!rs1 we agree & subscribe4' ,:]e ! ,illyrian ,bi%ops1 & o!rs :o be=e t exam9ation _h express$ _! acclamations to ! lett]1 aga9 cry out1 ',we all say ! same ?+1 & agree ) ?is4' ,s t1 inde$1 x is evid5t t1 9 ! ,c\ncil itself1 & be=e x1 _! agreem5t is bas$ on ?is1 t1 aft] weigh+ ! matt]1 !y consid]$1 !y judg$1 !y 7 p]suad$1 t all agre$ ) ! ,fa!rs1 & p]ceiv$ t ! common fai? ( all & ea* _h be5 set =? by ,leo4 ,?is 0 done at ,*alc$on2 b likewise be=e t ,c\ncil our ,gallic ,bi%ops1 at a synod held 9 ,gaul1 wrote ?us to ,leo himself1 conc]n+ receiv+ 8 lett]3 ',_m 9 t lett] ( ,leo to ,flavian ) joy & exultation h recognis$ :at _! fai? 0 assur$ (1 & are ) reason delight$ t1 by tradition f _! fa!rs1 !y h always held j :at y\r ,apo/le%ip has set =?4 ,"s r5d]$ m c>eful1 congratulate !mselves e way on be+ in/ruct$ by receiv+ ! admonition ( y\r bless$ness1 & rejoice t an occasion is giv5 !m1 9 :i* !y may speak out freely & confid5tly1 & ea* "o ass]t :at he believes1 support$ by ! au?ority ( ! ,apo/olic ,see4' ,! ,italian 7,bi%ops7 agree1 at ! in/ance ( ,eusebius1 ,bi%op ( ,milan1 '= x 0 evid5t t t 7lett] ( ,leo to ,flavian7 _h ! full & vigor\s simplicity ( ! fai?2 0 illum9at$ likewise by /atem5ts f ! ,prophets1 by au?orities f ! ,gospels1 & by te/imonies ( ,apo/olic tea*+1 & 9 e po9t agre$ ) :at ! holy ,ambrose1 mov$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 put 9 8 books conc]n+ ! my/]y ( ! ,"l's inc>nation4 ,& inasmu* z all ! /atem5ts agree ) ! fai? ( our ance/ors deliv]$ d[n to u f antiquity1 all det]m9$ t :oev] hold impi\s op9ions conc]n+ ! my/]y ( ! ,"l's inc>nation1 are to be visit$ ) fitt+ condemnation1 z !y !mselves agree1 accord+ to ! s5t5ce ( y\r au?ority4' ,see "h an au?oritative s5t5ce 9 ! ,roman ,pontiff2 & also ! agreem5t ( ! ,bi%ops to ! in/ance ( ! ,roman ,pontiff1 & t grant$ aft] inquiry into ! tru?4 ,on ^! t]ms !y gave _! approval1 & _! subscription1 & decre$ t a lett]1 agree+ ) ! appreh5sions ( _! common fai?1 & f\nd & judg$ to be su* by !m1 0 ( univ]sal au?ority by ! union ( _! s5t5ces ) ! ,apo/olic ,see4 ,:i* wond]fully accords ) :at we h j read 9 ! s5t5ces ( ! ,fa!rs ( ,*alc$on4 ,?is is t exam9ation ( ,leo's lett]1 synodically made at ,*alc$on1 & plac$ among ! acts2 ( :i* exam9ation ,leo himself ?us writes to ,!odoret3 ',:at ,god _h be=e set =? by our m9i/ry1 ,he ha? confirm$ by ! irrev]sible ass5t ( ! :ole bro!rhood1 to %[ t :at 0 fir/ put =? 9 =m by ! ,fir/ ,see ( all1 & !n receiv$ by ! judgm5t ( ! :ole ,*ri/ian _w1 really proce$$ f ,himself 7t 9 ?is too ! memb]s might agree ) ! ,head47'#ij ,he proce$s3 ',= 9 ord] t ! cons5t ( o!r sees to t :i* ! ,"l appo9t$ to preside ov] all ! re/ %\ld n appe> flatt]y1 or any o!r adv]se suspicion creep 91 p]sons 7 f\nd :o d\bt$ conc]n+ our judgm5t4444 ,! tru?1 likewise1 itself is bo? m cle>ly conspicu\s1 & m /rongly ma9ta9$1 :5 aft]-exam9ation confirms :at previ\s fai? _h taught4' ,"h he speaks di/9ctly ( exam9ation1 & t mo/ free4 ',9 f9e1 ! m]it ( ! prie/ly (fice %9es =? v brightly1 :5 ! au?ority ( ! highe/ is pres]v$1 )\t ! lib]ty ( ! l[] seem+ to be at all infr+$4 ,& ! end ( ! exam9ation pr(its to ! great] glory ( ,god1 :5 x has confid5ce en\gh to ex]t itself s f> z to prevail ov] ! opposite op9ion4 ,s t :at is 9 itself prov$ to be het]odox may n seem ov]come1 m]ely because x is pass$ ov] 9 sil5ce1' ,la/ly1 '! lett] ( ! ,apo/olic ,see1 confirm$ by ! ass5t ( ! :ole holy ,c\ncil'#ia is propos$ z a mo/ c]ta9 & p]fect rule ( fai?1 n aga9 to be reconsid]$4 ,"h is :at ,leo consid]$ to be irrevocable1 or r n to be m5d$1 :i* no "o c be blam$ = hold+ toge!r ) ! _w & ! ,fa!rs ( ,*alc$on3 ! =m is set =? by ! ,apo/olic ,see2 yet x is to be exam9$1 & t freely1 & e ,bi%op1 ! highe/ & ! l[e/1 to pron\nce judgm5t 9 a body conc]n+ decree+ x4 ,!y conceiv$ no o!r way ( remov+ all d\bt2 = aft] ! conclusion ( ! synod1 ! emp]or ?us proclaims3 ',let !n all pr(ane cont5tion cease1 = he is inde$ impi\s & sacrilegi\s1 :o1 aft] ! s5t5ce ( s _m prie/s1 leaves any ?+ = 8 own op9ion to consid]4' ,he !n prohibits all discussion conc]n+ religion2 =1 says he1 'he does an injury to ! judgm5t ( ! mo/ religi\s ,c\ncil1 :o endeav\rs to op5 afre%1 & publicly discuss :at has be5 once judg$1 & rightly ord]$4' ,"h 9 ! condemnation ( ,euty*es is ! ord] ( ,ecclesia/ical judgm5ts 9 que/ions ( fai?4 ,he is judg$ by 8 prop] ,bi%op ,flavian3 ! cause is rehe>d1 reconsid]$ by ! ,pope ,/4 ,leo2 7let x be rememb]$ t ,euty*es likewise appeal$ to ,alex&ria1 ,j]usalem1 & ,!ssalonica27 x is decid$ by a decl>ation ( ! ,apo/olic ,see3 aft] t decl>ation foll[s ! exam9ation1 inquiry1 judgm5t ( ! ,fa!rs or ,bi%ops1 9 a ,g5]al ,c\ncil3 aft] ! decl>ation has be5 approv$ by ! judgm5t ( ! ,fa!rs no place is any long] left = d\bt or discussion4 ,to ! same effect ,leo3 ',= no long] is any refuge or excuse all[able to any1 on plea ( ignorance1 or difficulty ( und]/&+1 inasmu* z = ?is v purpose ! ,c\ncil ( ab\t six hundr$ ( our bre?r5 & fell[-,bi%ops met toge!r ha? p]mitt$ no skill 9 reason+1 no fl[ ( eloqu5ce1 to brea! aga9/ ! fai? built on a div9e f\ndation4 ,s9ce1 ?r\gh ! endeav\rs ( our bre?r5 & repres5tatives1 by ! help ( ,god's grace1 7_! devotion 9 e proc$ure be+ mo/ entire17 x ha? be5 fully & evid5tly made manife/1 n only to ! prie/s ( ,*ri/1 b to pr9ces also1 & ,*ri/ian p[]s1 & to all ranks ( ! cl]gy & p1 t ?is is ! truly ,apo/olic & ,ca?olic fai?1 fl[+ f ! f\nta9 ( ,div9e goodness1 :i* we prea*1 & n[ ) ! agreem5t ( ! :ole _w def5d pure & clean f all pollution ( error4'#ib ,?us at l5g? supreme & infallible =ce is giv5 to an ,apo/olic decree1 aft] t x is /r5g!n$ by univ]sal inquiry1 exam9ation1 discussion1 & !reupon cons5t & te/imony4 #ic,we add a ?ird po9t1 important to our cause1 respect+ ! re/itution ( ,!odoret to 8 see4 ,aft]1 !n1 by ord] ( ! ,bi%ops1 he _h op5ly ana!matiz$ ,ne/orius1 '! mo/ illu/ri\s magi/rates said1 all d\bt respect+ ,!odoret is n[ remov$2 = he ha? bo? ana!matiz$ ,ne/orius be=e y1 & has be5 receiv$ by ,leo1 mo/ holy ,ar*bi%op ( old ,rome1 & has will+ly accept$ ! def9ition ( fai? set =? by y\r piety1 & moreov] ha? subscrib$ ! epi/le ( ! a=esaid mo/ holy ,ar*bi%op ,leo4 ,x is fitt+1 !re=e1 t s5t5ce be pron\nc$ by y\r mo/ acceptable hol9ess1 t he may recov] 8 ,*ur*1 z ! mo/ holy ,ar*bi%op ,leo has judg$4' ,all ! mo/ rev]5d ,bi%ops cri$ out1 ',!odoret is wor?y ( 8 ,see4 ,leo ha? judg$ aft] ,god4' ,s !n ! judgm5t put =? by ,leo conc]n+ 8 re/oration to 8 ,see w\ld h pr(it$ ,!odoret no?+1 unless1 aft] ! matt] _h be5 br\ght be=e ! ,c\ncil1 he _h bo? approv$ 8 fai? to ! ,c\ncil1 & ! judgm5t ( ,leo be5 confirm$ by ! same ,c\ncil4 ,?is 0 done 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,legates ( ! ,apo/olic ,see1 :o aft]w>ds pron\nc$ t s5t5ce on confirm+ ,leo's judgm5t1 :i* ! :ole ,synod approv$4 ,let any "o ( c&\r consid] ^! ,acts ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on1 & !n say1 :i* ( ^! two views agrees ) !m1 viz4 t ,/4 ,leo 0 fir/ ,bi%op ( ! ,*ur*1 look$ up to ) great rev]5ce z ! special successor ( ,/4 ,pet]1 & repres5tative ( ! :ole ,we/2 or t he 0 beside ?is ! only ,vic> ( ,*ri/1 ! s\rce & orig9 ( ! ,episcopate1 f :om 8 bre?r5 receiv$ _! jurisdiction1 :i* is ! ,papal idea ( ! middle ages4 ,= on ! tru? ( ?is latt] view dep5ds ! *>ge1 t ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& is 9 s*ism4 ,:at foll[s may p]haps assi/ our solution ( ! "q4 ,at ?is v ,c\ncil ( #fcj ,bi%ops1 ! l>ge/ ev] held 9 anci5t times1 & :]e ! cr$it ( ! ,roman ,pontiff 0 s great1 a v celebrat$ ,canon 0 enact$ conc]n+ ! rank ( ! ,bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,! ,pope's legates attempt$1 by abs5t+ !mselves1 to prev5t its be+ enact$1 b t only l$ to its be+ confirm$ ! next day1 9 spite ( _! opposition4 ,! circum/ances 7 z foll[s1 & !y seem to des]ve our mo/ /$fa/ consid]ation1 f _! be>+ ^u ! great subject we are consid]+1 ! ,papal ,supremacy4 ,on ! same day1 be+ ! la/ ( ,octob]1 ! fifte5? session 0 held1 at :i* nei!r ! magi/rates nor legates 7 pres5t3 = aft] ! =mula ( fai? _h be5 agre$ to1 & ! private bus9ess br\ght be=e ! ,c\ncil _h be5 despat*$1 ! ,cl]gy ( ,con/ant9ople ask$ ! legates to jo9 !m 9 discuss+ an affair conc]n+ _! ,*ur*4 ,?is !y refus$1 say+1 t !y _h receiv$ no in/ructions ab\t x4 ,!y made ! same proposal to ! magi/rates1 & ^! ref]r$ ! matt] to ! ,c\ncil4 ,:5 ! magi/rates & legates !re=e _h retir$1 ! re/ ( ! ,c\ncil made a ,canon respect+ ! pr]ogatives ( ! ,*ur* ( ,con/ant9ople4#id ,to make ! scope ( ?is cle> we mu/ obs]ve1 t ! ,see ( ,con/ant9ople _h be5 n[ = at lea/ sev5ty ye>s ! *ief ,see ( ! ,ea/3 at ! second ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil1 held 9 #cha1 at ,con/ant9ople1 x is decl>$ 9 ! ?ird canon1 t ! ,bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople %all h ! primacy ( hon\r aft] ! ,bi%op ( ,rome1 because t ,con/ant9ople is ,new ,rome4 ,x seems t 9 ! int]val t ,bi%op _h n only tak5 prec$5ce ( ,alex&ria & ,antio*1 & r$uc$ "u him ! ,ex>*s ( ,pontus1 ,?race1 & ,asia1 b t 8 au?ority 0 v great ?r\gh\t all ! ,ea/4 ,!odoret says1#ie t ,/4 ,*ryso/om gov]n$ tw5ty-eight prov9ces4 ,accord+ly1 9 its fam\s #bh? ,canon1 ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on only confirm$ an au?ority to ! ,bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople :i* he _h long enjoy$ & (t5 exce$$4 ,x ran ?us3 ,we1 foll[+ 9 all ?+s ! decisions ( ! holy ,fa!rs1 & ackn[l$g+ ! ,canon ( ! #aej mo/ religi\s ,bi%ops :i* has j be5 read1 d also det]m9e & decree ! same ?+s respect+ ! privileges ( ! mo/ holy city ( ,con/ant9ople1 ,new ,rome4 ,= ! ,fa!rs prop]ly gave ! primacy to ! ?rone ( ! eld] ,rome1 because t 0 ! imp]ial city4 ,& ! #aej mo/ religi\s ,bi%ops1 be+ mov$ ) ! same int5tion1 gave equal privileges to ! mo/ holy ?rone ( ,new ,rome1 judg+ ) reason1 t ! city :i* 0 hon\r$ ) ! sov]eignty & s5ate1 & :i* enjoy$ equal privileges ) ! eld] royal ,rome1 %\ld also be magnifi$ l h] 9 ,ecclesia/ical matt]s1 be+ ! second aft] h]4 ,& 7we also decree7 t ! ,metropolitans only ( ! ,pontic1 & ,asian1 & ,?racian ,dioceses1 &1 moreov]1 ! ,bi%ops ( ! a=esaid ,dioceses :o are among/ ! ,b>b>ians1 %all be orda9$ by ! above-m5tion$ mo/ holy ?rone ( ! mo/ holy ,*ur* ( ,con/ant9ople2 ea* ,metropolitan ( ! a=esaid ,dioceses orda9+ ! ,bi%ops ( ! ,prov9ce1 z has be5 decl>$ by ! div9e ,canons2 b ! ,metropolitans !mselves ( ! said ,dioceses %all1 z has be5 said1 be orda9$ by ! ,bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople1 ! prop] elections be+ made accord+ to cu/om1 & report$ to him4 ,! ,legates1#if be+ in=m$ ( :at _h pass$1 dem&$ t ! ,c\ncil %\ld assemble aga91 & ! magi/rates be pres5t4 ,on ! morr[1 !re=e1 be+ ,?ursday1 ! #a/ ,novemb]1 ! twelf? sitt+#ig 0 held4 ,! magi/rates 7 !re ) ! ,legates1 & ! ,bi%ops ( ,illyria1 & all ! re/4 ,aft] !y _h tak5 _! seats1 ,pas*as9us spoke1 hav+ ask$ p]mission ( ! magi/rates1 & said1 t he 0 a/oni%$ t s _m ?+s _h be5 done ! day be=e 9 _! abs5ce1 :i* 7 contr>y to ! ,canons & ! peace ( ! ,*ur*1 = :i* ! ,emp]or 0 lab\r+ ) s mu* application & zeal4 ,he dem&$ ! read+ ( :at _h pass$ ! day be=e4 ,& ,aetius1 7,ar*deacon ( ,con/ant9ople17 hav+ said t x 0 ! ,legates !mselves :o _h refus$ to be pres5t at ! delib]ation1 pres5t$ ! ,canon :i* _h be5 drawn up ) ! signatures ( ! ,bi%ops4 ,aft] ! signatures _h be5 read1 ,luc5tius said ! ,bi%ops _h be5 surpris$1 & compell$ to sign4 ,?is is :at ,/4 ,leo repeat$ (t5 9 ! lett] :i* he wrote conc]n+ ?is tw5ty-eigh? ,canon1 accus+ ,anatolius ( hav+ extort$ ! signatures ( ! ,bi%ops1 or ( hav+ surpris$ !m by 8 artifices4 ,nev]!less1 ^u ! reproa* ( ,luc5tius1 all ! ,bi%ops cri$ out t no "o _h be5 =c$4 ,!y prote/$ aga9 aft]w>ds1 bo? all 9 common1 & ! pr9cipal by !mselves1 t !y _h sign$ x ( _! full cons5t4 ,anatolius also ma9ta9s to ,/4 ,leo1 t ! ,bi%ops took ?is resolution ( _! own accord4 ,! ,legates cont9u$ to oppose ! ,canon1 & %[$ t !y _h an express ord] ( ! ,pope to d s4 ,!y alleg$ t ! ,canon 0 contr>y to ! ,c\ncil ( ,nicea1 ( :i* !y read ! six? ,canon1 ) ! celebrat$ head+--',! ,roman ,*ur* has always _h ! primacy1' :i* is also f\nd add$ 9 ! anci5t ,roman code4 ,! same ,canon 0 aft]w>ds read z x is 9 ! orig9al ,greek1 & ! ,canon ( ! second ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil1 to :i* ! ,legates answ]$ no?+4 ,! magi/rates hav+ next begg$ ! ,bi%ops :o _h n sign$ ! day be=e1 to give _! op9ion1 ,eusebius1 ( ,ancyra1 repres5t$ ) mu* g5tl5ess & mode/y1 t x 0 bett] = ! ,*ur* t ord9ations %\ld be made ^u ! spot by ! ,c\ncil ( ! prov9ce4 ,?alassius !n spoke a s+le ^w1 b ,i "k n 8 mean+4 ,!reupon ! magi/rates#ih said1--',x appe>s1 f ! depositions1 fir/ ( all1 t ! primacy & prec$5cy ( hon\r 7,greek3 ta proteia1 kai t5 exaireton tim57 %\ld be pres]v$ accord+ to ! ,canons = ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,old ,rome1 b t ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople ought to enjoy ! same privileges1 7,greek3 ton auton presbeion tes times17 & t he has a "r to orda9 ! ,metropolitans ( ! ,dioceses ( ,asia1 ,pontus1 & ,?race1 9 ! mann] foll[+4 ,9 ea* metropolis1 ! cl]gy1 ! proprietors ( l&s1 & ! g5try1 ) all ! ,bi%ops ( ! prov9ce1 or ! great] "p ( !m1 %all issue a decree = ! election ( "o :om !y %all deem wor?y ( be+ made a ,bi%op ( ! metropolis4 ,!y %all all make a report ( x to ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople1 & x %all be at 8 option ei!r to enjo9 ! ,bi%op elect to come ?i!r = ord9ation1 or to all[ him to be orda9$ 9 ! prov9ce4 ,z to ! ,bi%ops ( p>ticul> cities1 !y %all be orda9$ by all1 or ! great] "p1 ( ! comprov9cial ,bi%ops1 "u ! au?ority ( ! ,metropolitan1 accord+ to ! ,canons1 ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople tak+ no "p 9 su* ord9ation4 ,^! are our views1 let ! ,c\ncil /ate !irs4' ,! ,bi%ops %\t$1 ',?is is a j proposal3 we all say ! same3 we all ass5t to x1 we pray y dismiss u3' ) o!r simil> acclamations4 ,luc5tius1 ! ,legate1 said1--',! ,apo/olic ,see ought n to be degrad$ 9 our pres5ce2 we1 !re=e1 desire t ye/]day's proce$+s1 :i* violate ! ,canons1 may be resc9d$2 o!rwise let our opposition be ins]t$ 9 ! ,acts1 t we may "k :at we are to report to ! ,pope1 & t he may decl>e 8 op9ion ( ?is contempt ( 8 ,see1 & subv]sion ( ! ,canons4' ,! magi/rates said1--',! :ole ,c\ncil approves ( :at we said4' ,su* 0 ! la/ ,session ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on4 ,! rem>ks ( ,tillemont on ?is ,canon are significant1 & wor? transcrib+4#ii ,x seems1 he says1 to recognise no p>ticul> au?ority 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 save :at ! ,fa!rs _h grant$ x1 z ! seat ( ! empire4 ,& x attributes 9 pla9 words z mu* to ,con/ant9ople z to ,rome1 ) ! exception ( ! fir/ place4 ,nev]!less ,i d n obs]ve t ! ,popes took up a ?+ s injuri\s to _! dignity1 & ( s dang]\s a consequ5ce to ! :ole ,*ur*4 ,= :at ,lupus quotes ( ,/4 ,leo's #gh? 7#ajd?7 lett]1 ref]s r to ,alex&ria & to ,antio*1 ?an to ,rome4 ,/4 ,leo is cont5t$ to de/roy ! f\ndation on :i* !y built ! elevation ( ,con/ant9ople1 ma9ta9+ t a ?+ s entirely ecclesia/ical z ! ,episcopate ought n to be regulat$ by ! temporal dignity ( cities1 :i*1 nev]!less1 has be5 almo/ always foll[$ 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! metropolis1 accord+ to ! ,c\ncil ( ,nicea4 ,/4 ,leo also compla9s t ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on broke ! decrees ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,nicea1 ! practice ( antiquity1 & ! rights ( ,metropolitans4 ,c]ta9ly x 0 an odi\s innovation to see a ,bi%op made ! *ief1 n ( "o dep>tm5t1 b ( ?ree2 = :i* no example c\ld be f\nd save 9 ! au?ority :i* ! ,popes took ov] ,illyricum1 :]e1 h[ev]1 !y did n claim ! p[] to orda9 any ,bi%op4 ,n[ ,i suppose any ,roman ,ca?olic w\ld obs]ve t ?is ,canon is entirely oppos$ to ! pres5t ,papal !ory3 he w\ld say t ,/4 ,leo & ! ,we/ = t v reason refus$ to receive x4 ,! opposition1 beyond all "q1 is su*1 t x is q impossible to reconcile !m4 ,let any "o1 !n1 read ?r\gh ! #ajd? lett] ( ,/4 ,leo to ! ,emp]or ,mauricius1 ! #aje? to ! ,empress ,pul*]ia1 & ! #ajf? to ,anatolius himself1 & he w see t ,/4 ,leo bases 8 opposition to x ?r\gh\t on its be+ a violation ( ! ,nic5e ,canons3 !re is n a ^w 9 all ! ?ree lett]s ab\t any violation ( ! rights ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,may we n quote1 alas6 ,/4 ,leo's words1 9 ^! lett]s1 to ,/4 ,leo's successor4 ,he#ajj loses 8 own1 :o lu/s aft] :at is n 8 due4444 ,= ! privileges ( ! ,*ur*es1 in/itut$ by ! ,canons ( ! holy ,fa!rs1 & fix$ by ! decrees ( ! v5]able ,nic5e ,synod1 _c be pluck$ up by any wick$ness1 or *ang$ by any innovation4 ,9 ! fai?ful execution ( :i* "w1 by ! help ( ,*ri/1 ,i am b\nd to %[ p]sev]+ s]vice2 s9ce ! disp5sation has be5 entru/$ to me1 & x t5ds to my guilt1 if ! rules ( ! ,fa!rs' sanctions1 :i* 7 made 9 ! ,nic5e ,c\ncil = ! gov]nm5t ( ! :ole ,*ur*1 by ! tea*+ ( ,god's ,_s1 be violat$1 :i* ,god =bid1 by my connivance2 & if ! desire ( "o bro!r be ( m weight ) me ?an ! common good ( ! :ole h\se ( ! ,"l4 ,?is to ! ,emp]or4 ,to ! ,empress1 ?us3--,s9ce no "o is all[$ to attempt#aja any?+ aga9/ ! /atutes ( ! ,fa!rs' ,canons1 :i* _m ye>s ago 7 bas$ on spiritual decrees 9 ! city ( ,nicea2 s t if any "o desires to decree any?+ aga9/ !m1 he w r less5 himself ?an injure !m4 ,& if ^! are kept un9jur$1 z x behoves1 by all ,pontiffs1 !re w be tranquil peace & firm concord ?r\gh all ! ,*ur*es4 ,!re w be no diss5sions conc]n+ ! degree ( hon\rs2 no conte/s ab\t ord9ations2 no d\bts ab\t privileges2 no conflicts ab\t ! usurpation ( ano!r's "r2 b "u ! equal law ( *>ity1 bo? m5's m9ds & duties w be kept 9 ! due ord]2 & he w be truly great1 :o %all be ali5 f all ambition1 accord+ to ! ,"l's words1 ',:osoev] w be great among y1 let him be y\r m9i/]1 c4' ,b to ,anatolius1 ?us3--,^?#ajb holy & v5]able ,fa!rs1 :o 9 ! ,nic5e city e/abli%$ laws ( ecclesia/ical ,canons1 :i* are to la/ to ! end ( ! _w1 :5 ! sacrilegi\s ,arius ) 8 impiety 0 condemn$1 live bo? ) u & 9 ! :ole _w by _! con/itutions2 & if any?+ any:]e is presum$ ^u contr>y to :at !y appo9t$1 x is )\t delay annull$1 c4 ,b :at ! violation 0 he likewise /ates3 x is n any wrong done to 8 own see p]sonally4 ,he says to ! ,empress3 ,b#ajc :at do? ! prelate ( ! ,*ur* ( ,con/ant9ople desire m ?an he ha? obta9$8 ,or :at w satisfy him1 if ! magnific5ce & glory ( s great a city satisfy him n8 ,x is too pr\d & immod]ate to g beyond "o's own limits1 &1 trampl+ on antiquity1 to wi% to seize on ano!r's "r4 ,&1 9 ord] to increase ! dignity ( "o1 to impugn ! primacy ( s _m ,metropolitans2 & to c>ry a new w> ( di/urbance into quiet prov9ces1 settl$ long ago by ! mod]ation ( ! holy ,nic5e ,c\ncil1 c4 ,to ,anatolius himself he says3 ,i grieve--t y attempt to infr+e ! mo/ sacr$ con/itutions ( ! ,nic5e ,canons2 z if ?is 7 a fav\rable opportunity pres5t$ to y1 :5 ! ,see ( ,alex&ria may lose ! privilege ( ! second rank1 & ! ,*ur* ( ,antio* its possession ( ! ?ird dignity2 s t :5 ^! places h be5 br\ght "u y\r jurisdiction1 all ,metropolitan ,bi%ops may be depriv$ ( _! prop] hon\r4#ajd ,i oppose y1 t ) wis] purpose y may refra9 f ?r[+ into confusion ! :ole ,*ur*4 ,let n ! rights ( prov9cial ,primacies be torn away1 nor ,metropolitan ,bi%ops be depriv$ ( _! privileges 9 =ce f old "t4 ,let no "p ( t dignity p]i% to ! ,see ( ,alex&ria1 :i* x 0 ?\ght wor?y to obta9 ?r\gh ! holy ,evangeli/ ,m>k1 ! disciple ( bless$ ,pet]2 nor1 ?\gh ,dioscorus falls ?r\gh ! ob/9acy ( 8 own impiety1 let ! spl5d\r ( s great a ,*ur* be obscur$ by ano!r's disgrace4 ,let also ! ,*ur* ( ,antio*1 9 :i* fir/1 at ! prea*+ ( ! bless$ ,apo/le ,pet]1 ! "n ( ,*ri/ian arose1 rema9 9 ! ord] ( its h]$it>y degree1 & be+ plac$ 9 ! ?ird rank nev] s9k bel[ itself4 ,s !n x 0 n ,/4 ,pet]'s ,primacy1 nor 8 own prop] au?ority 9 ! ,*ur*1 :i* ,/4 ,leo conceiv$ to be attack$ by ?is ,canon2 b he refus$ to be a p>ty to tread+ "u foot ! con/itution ( ! ,fa!rs--to di/urb+ ! /ate ( ! univ]sal ,*ur*1 protect$ ( old by a mo/ :olesome & upright adm9i/ration4#aje ,s ! ,emp]or ,m>cian1 ,anatolius1 ,julian ( ,cos1 besee* ,leo to grant ?is1 )\t s mu* z imag9+ t !y are injur+ 8 rank by ask+ x4 ,i see n h[ x is possible to avoid ! conclusion1 t ! p[] ( ! ,fir/ ,see1 ev5 z its mo/ zeal\s occupant view$ x1 0 q diff]5t f t p[] :i* 0 set up 9 ! middle ages4 ,?is is only "o ( a va/ numb] ( pro(s :i* di/+ui% ! ,primacy f ! pres5t ,supremacy4 ,& x is ! m valuable1 because ,/4 ,leo c]ta9ly c>ries 8 notion ( 8 own rights z univ]sal ,primate fur!r ?an any ,fa!r ( 8 "t4 ,i %all h occasion to make a l rem>k pres5tly 9 ! matt] ( ,/4 ,gregory's prote/4 ,b1 inde$1 su* a ,canon z ?is be+ pass$ 9 ! mo/ num]\s ,ecum5ical ,synod1 9 spite ( ! opposition ( ! ,pope's ,legates1 speaks = itself4 ,i am well aw>e t ,/4 ,leo refus$ to receive x1 t1 by ! au?ority ( ! bless$ ,pet]1 he annull$ x by a g5]al decl>ation1 z contr>y to ! holy ,canons ( ,nicea4#ajf ,accord+ly x 0 n receiv$ 9 ! ,we/2 b x nev]!less always prevail$ 9 ! ,ea/1 & ! ,popes ultimately conc$$ ! po9t x enact$4 ,&#ajg f ! h\r x 0 enact$ to ?is1 x has rema9$ ! law ( ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*2 & ! ,patri>*al p[]1 :i* 9 ! ,we/]n ,*ur* has develop$ into ! ,papal1 has rema9$ atta*$ to ! ?rone ( ,con/ant9ople 9 ! o!r great division ( ,*ri/'s k+dom4 ,! n9? ,canon ( ,*alc$on also says3--,if a ,cl]gyman has any matt] aga9/ 8 own ,bi%op or ano!r1 let him plead 8 cause be=e ! ,c\ncil ( ! prov9ce4 ,b if ei!r a ,bi%op or ,cl]gyman h a controv]sy aga9/ ! ,metropolitan ( ! same prov9ce1 let him h rec\rse ei!r to ! ,ex>* ( ! ,diocese1 or to ! ?rone ( ! imp]ial city ( ,con/ant9ople1 & plead 8 cause be=e x4 ,i rem>k ?is1 because x is a f> great] p[] ( he>+ appeals grant$ to ! ,bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople1 ?an 0 grant$ to ! ,bi%op ( ,rome a hundr$ ye>s be=e at ! ,c\ncil ( ,s>dica4 ,n[1 let u be fair & ev5-h&$4 ,if ! great influ5ce & au?ority ex]cis$ at ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on by ,/4 ,leo is to be ackn[l$g$ z witness+ ! ,roman ,primacy1 let u also grant1 t unless ! ,acts & ! ,canons ( ! fir/ f\r ,ecum5ical ,c\ncils are to be swept away z wa/e pap] be=e ! omnipot5ce ( ,papal pr]ogative1 !n ! anci5t decrees ( ,nicea1 ,con/ant9ople1 ,ephesus1 & ,*alc$on1 (f] an insurm\ntable b>ri] to ! pres5t claims ( ,rome4 ,b conc]n+ ! ,canons ( ,nicea1 ,/4 ,leo1 at lea/1 says3--,i hold all ecclesia/ical rules to be dissolv$1 if any "p ( t sacrosanct con/itution ( ! ,fa!rs be violat$4#ajh ,/4 ,gregory repeats3--,i receive ! f\r ,c\ncils ( ! holy univ]sal ,*ur* z ! f\r books ( ! ,holy ,gospel4#aji ,mr4 ,newman says1 t ! def9ition pass$ at ,*alc$on is ! ,apo/olic ,tru? once deliv]$ to ! ,sa9ts1 is mo/ firmly to be receiv$ f fai? 9 t ov]rul+ ,provid5ce1 :i* is by special promise ext5d$ ov] ! ,acts ( ! ,*ur*4#aaj ,does x n equally foll[ t ! ,*ur* gov]nm5t recognis$ z immemorial1 & en=c$ at ,nicea1 ,con/ant9ople1 ,ephesus1 & ,*alc$on1 & ! doctr9e :i* is involv$ !re91 are likewise to be ma9ta9$1 & t none :o appeal to !m ) tru?1 z practis$ by !mselves1 :atev] else !y may fall into1 c be guilty ( s*ism8 ,! hundr$ & ?irty ye>s betwe5 ! dea? ( ,/4 ,leo & ! accession ( ,/4 ,gregory1 7 ye>s ( tr\ble1 confusion1 & disa/]3 ! />s fell f heav51 & ! p[]s ( ! heav5s 7 %ak54 ,! ,we/]n empire 0 ov]?r[n2 b>b>ians & h]etics obta9$ ! ma/]y 9 ,italy1 & g5]ally 9 ! ,we/2 !re 0 b "o fix$ & c5tral au?ority to :i* ! eyes ( *ur*m5 c\ld turn ) hope & confid5ce 9 ! :ole ,we/1 t ( ! ,roman ,pontiff4 ,i select ! foll[+ po9ts z be>+ on our subject3-- ,9 ! ye> #ecf we h "o ( ^? r>e in/ances 9 :i* ! ,primacy ( ,rome is se5 act+ on ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*1 b 9 p]fect accordance ) ! ,canons & ! ,patri>*al sy/em4 ,! ,pope ,agapetus _h be5 compell$ by ,!odatus1 k+ ( ! ,go?s1 to proce$ to ,con/ant9ople1 9 ord] t he might1 if possible1 prevail ^u ,ju/9ian n to attempt ! recov]y ( ,italy4 ,n hav+ :]e) to pay ! exp5ses ( 8 j\rney1 he _h be5 compell$ to borr[ money on ! sacr$ vessels ( ,/4 ,pet]'s ,*ur*4 ,on arriv+ at ,con/ant9ople he refus$ to see ! new ,patri>* ,an?imus1 or to receive him to 8 communion1 bo? because he 0 suspect$ ( h]esy1 & _h be5 translat$ f ! ,see ( ,trebisond4 ,an?imus refus$ to appe> 9 ! ,c\ncil t ! ,pope held at ,con/ant9ople to judge him2 s he 0 depos$1 & return$ 8 pallium to ! ,emp]or4 ,m5nas 0 elect$ 9 8 /ead by ! ,emp]or1 ) ! approbation ( all ! ,cl]gy & ! p1 & ! ,pope consecrat$ him 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y4 ,pope ,agapetus wrote a synodal lett] to ,pet]1 ,patri>* ( ,j]usalem1 to acqua9t him ) :at he _h done 9 ?is ,c\ncil4 ',:5 we arriv$1' said he1 'at ! c\rt ( ! ,emp]or1 we f\nd ! ,see ( ,con/ant9ople usurp$1 contr>y to ! ,canons1 by ,an?imus ,bi%op ( ,trebisond4 ,he ev5 refus$ to quit ! error ( ,euty*es4 ,!re=e1 aft] hav+ wait$ = 8 rep5tance1 we decl>e him unwor?y ( ! "n ( ,ca?olic & ,bi%op1 until he fully receive ! doctr9e ( ! ,fa!rs4 ,y ought likewise to reject ! re/ :om ! ,holy ,see has condemn$4 ,we are a/oni%$ t y approv$ ?is injury done to ! ,see ( ,con/ant9ople1 in/ead ( in=m+ u ( x2 & we h repair$ x by ! ord9ation ( ,m5nas1 :o is ! fir/ ( ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* orda9$ by ! h&s ( our ,see4'#aaa ,i f9d ?is ,pope pres5tly call$ by ! ,ea/]ns1 ',fa!r ( fa!rs1' ',ar*bi%op ( anci5t ,rome1' ',ecum5ical ,patri>*4' ,?is latt] title is also giv5 to ,m5nas4 ,i %all h m to say ab\t x h]eaft]2 b x is rem>kable t x 0 fir/ giv51 s f> z we h any record1 to ,dioscorus1#aab by a ,bi%op 9 "s compla9t made to him at ! ,latroc9ium ( ,ephesus2 b ,ju/9ian gives to ! ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople ! title1 to ! mo/ holy & bless$ ,ar*bi%op ( ?is royal city1 & ,ecum5ical ,patri>*4#aac ,! ,pope %ortly aft] dies at ,con/ant9ople1 & a ,c\ncil is held1 at :i* ! ,patri>* ,m5nas presides1 ! ,bi%ops :o _h accompani$ ! defunct ,pope tak+ rank aft] him4 ,he writes to ! ,patri>* ,pet] ( ,j]usalem1 & in=ms him ( ! acts ( ?is ,c\ncil4 ,pet] assembles 8 ,c\ncil at ,j]usalem3 ! proc$ure :i* took place at ,con/ant9ople 0 !re f\nd canonical1 & ! deposition ( ,an?imus 0 confirm$4 ,"h ! same facts :i* prove ! ,pope's ,primacy refute 8 ,supremacy3 & ?is is n an isolat$ incid5t1 b "o l9k 9 a va/ & un9t]rupt$ *a9 ( evid5ce4 ,i f9d 9 ! laws ( ! ,emp]or ,ju/9ian j at ! same "t1 look+ at !m m]ely z facts1 a full confirmation & recognition ( ! ,episcopal & ,patri>*al con/itution ( ! ,*ur*4 ,9 #ech1 ! ,emp]or1 9 an edict1 address+ ! ,patri>* ,m5nas1 says1 ,:]e=e we exhort y to assemble all ! ,bi%ops :o are 9 ?is imp]ial city 444 & oblige !m all to ana!matize by writ+ ! impi\s ,orig5 444 t y\r ,bless$ness s5d copies ( :at y d on ?is subject to all ! o!r ,bi%ops1 & to all ! sup]iors ( mona/]ies4444 ,we h writt5 z mu* to ,pope ,vigilius & ! o!r ,patri>*s4444 ,! ,patri>* ,m5nas1 & ! ,bi%ops :o 7 at ,con/ant9ople1 subscrib$ to ?is3 x 0 !n s5t to ,pope ,vigilius1 to ,zoilus1 ,patri>* ( ,alex&ria1 to ,ephrem ( ,antio*1 & to ,pet] ( ,j]usalem1 :o all subscrib$ to x4444 ,!re are ?ree great laws ( ! ye> #eaa1 ( :i* ! fir/ regulates ord9ations3 ^? ( ! ,bi%ops 7 /ill 9 ! h&s ( ! sev]al cl]gy1 laity1 & ,metropolitans4444 ,! second law ( ! #ah? ,m>* enacts1 t ! f\r ,g5]al ,c\ncils %all h ! =ce ( law1 t ! ,pope ( ,rome is ! fir/ ( all ! ,bi%ops1 & aft] him ! ,bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople4--,bi%ops _c be call$ to appe> aga9/ _! w be=e secul> judges = any cause :atsoev]4 ,if ,bi%ops ( ! same prov9ce h a diff]5ce toge!r1 !y %all be judg$ by ! ,metropolitan1 accompani$ by ! o!r ,bi%ops ( ! prov9ce1 & may appeal to ! ,patri>*1 b n beyond4 ,likewise if an individual1 cl]k or lay1 has a matt] aga9/ 8 ,bi%op4 ,! ,metropolitan c only be tri$ be=e ! ,patri>*4--,simony is =bidd5 444 /ill x is all[$ to give = consecrations1 accord+ to anci5t cu/oms1 9 ! foll[+ proportion4 ,! ,pope & ! f\r ,patri>*s ( ,con/ant9ople1 ,alex&ria1 ,antio* & ,j]usalem1 may give to ! ,bi%ops & ! ,cl]gy accord+ to cu/om1 provid$ t x exce$ n tw5ty p\nds ( gold4 ,! ,metropolitans & ! o!r ,bi%ops may give a hundr$ gold solidi = _! en?ronem5t1 c4#aad ,s1 aga93 ,!re=e let ! mo/ holy ,patri>*s ( ea* ,diocese propose ^! ?+s to ! mo/ holy ,*ur*es "u !m1 & make kn[n to ! ,metropolitans1 mo/ belov$ ( ,god1 :at we h ratifi$4 ,let ^! aga9 set x =? 9 ! mo/ holy ,metropolitan ,*ur*1 & notify x to ! ,bi%ops "u !m4 ,b let ea* ( ^! propose x 9 8 own ,*ur*1 t no "o 9 our commonweal? be ignorant ( x4#aae ,we *>ge ! mo/ bless$ ,ar*bi%ops & ,patri>*s1 t is1 ( eld] ,rome1 & ,con/ant9ople1 & ,alex&ria1 & ,!opolis & ,j]usalem4#aaf ,b ,pope ,pelagius ,i4 himself says3 ,z (t5 z any d\bt arise? to any conc]n+ an ,univ]sal ,c\ncil1 9 ord] to receive acc\nt ( :at !y d n und]/&--let !m recur to ! ,apo/olical ,sees4--,:osoev] !n is divid$ f ! ,apo/olical ,sees1 !re is no d\bt t he is 9 s*ism4#aag ,/4 ,augu/9 _h said long be=e1 ,:at ha? ! ,see ( ! ,roman ,*ur* done to !e1 9 :i* ,pet] sat1 9 :i* ,ana/asius sitte? n[3 or ( ! ,*ur* ( ,j]usalem1 9 :i* ,james sat1 & :]e n[ ,john sitte?3 ) :i* we are jo9$ 9 ,ca?olic unity1 & f :i* ye 9 impi\s fury h sep>at$4#aah ,we n[ come to ! d>k & sad hi/ory ( ,pope ,vigilius4 ,& "h ,i am glad t ano!r c speak = me4 ,bossuet says3 ,! acts ( ! ,second ,c\ncil ( ,con/ant9ople1 ! fif? g5]al1 "u ,pope ,vigilius & ! ,emp]or ,ju/9ian1 w prove t ! decrees ( ! ?ird & f\r? ,c\ncils 7 und]/ood 9 ! same s5se by ! fif? z we h und]/ood !m4 ,& ?is ,c\ncil receiv$ ! acc\nt ( !m ne> at h&1 & transmitt$ x to u4#aai ,! ?ree *apt]s 7 ! po9t 9 "q2 t is1 respect+ ,!odore ( ,mopsue/ia1 ,!odoret's writ+s aga9/ ,cyril1 & ! lett] ( ,ibas ( ,edessa to ,m>is ! ,p]sian4 ,! "q 0 :e!r t lett] _h be5 approv$ 9 ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on4 ,s mu* 0 admitt$ t x _h be5 read !re1 & t ,ibas1 aft] ana!matiz+ ,ne/orius1 _h be5 receiv$ by ! ,c\ncil4 ,"s cont5d$ t 8 p]son only 0 sp>$2 o!rs t 8 lett] also 0 approv$4 ,?us inquiry 0 made at ! fif? ,c\ncil h[ writ+s on ! fai? 7 wont to be approv$ 9 =m] ,c\ncils4 ,! acts ( ! ?ird & f\r? ,c\ncil1 ^? :i* we h m5tion$ above respect+ ! lett] ( ,/4 ,cyril & ( ,/4 ,leo1 7 set =?4 ,!n ! holy ,c\ncil decl>$--',x is pla91 f :at has be5 recit$1 9 :at mann] ! holy ,c\ncils are wont to approve :at is br\ght be=e !m4 ,=1 great z 0 ! dignity ( ^? holy m5 :o wrote ! lett]s recit$1 yet !y did n approve _! lett]s simply or )\t inquiry1 nor )\t tak+ cognisance t !y 7 9 all ?+s agreeable to ! exposition & doctr9e ( ! holy ,fa!rs1 ) :i* !y 7 comp>$4' ,b ! acts prov$ t ?is c\rse 0 n pursu$ 9 ! case ( ! lett] ( ,ibas2 !y inf]r$1 !re=e1 mo/ ju/ly1 t t lett] _h n be5 approv$4 ,s1 !n1 x is c]ta91 f ! ?ird & f\r? ,c\ncils1 ! fif? s decl>+ & und]/&+ x1 t lett]s approv$ by ! ,apo/olic ,see1 su* z 0 t ( ,cyril1 or ev5 proce$+ f x1 z t ( ,leo1 7 receiv$ by ! holy ,c\ncils n simply1 nor )\t inquiry4 ,pope ,vigilius aft]w>ds1 :5 cons5t+ to ?is ,c\ncil1 ackn[l$ges t ! lett] ( ,/4 ,leo 0 n approv$ at ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on until x _h be5 exam9$ & f\nd con=mable to ! fai? ( ! ?ree prec$+ ,c\ncils2 & ?is av[al is ! m important 9 ! m\? ( a ,pope4#abj ,aga91 9 ! same fif? ,c\ncil ! acts aga9/ ! lett] ( ,ne/orius are read1 9 :i* ! ,fa!rs ( ,ephesus pla9ly pron\nce1 't ! lett] ( ,ne/orius is 9 no respect agreeable to ! fai? :i* 0 set =? at ,nicea4' ,s ?is lett] also 0 reject$1 n simply1 b1 z 0 equitable1 aft] exam9ation2 & ,ibas condemn$1 :o /at$ t ,ne/orius _h be5 reject$ by ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus )\t exam9ation & inquiry4 ,! holy ,fa!rs proce$ to d :at ! ,bi%ops at ,*alc$on w\ld h done1 _h !y und]tak5 ! exam9ation ( ,ibas' lett]4 ,!y comp>e ! lett]s ) ! acts ( ,ephesus & ,*alc$on4 ,! holy ,c\ncil decl>$--',! comp>ison made proves1 beyond a d\bt1 t ! lett] :i* ,ibas is said to h writt5 is1 9 all respects1 oppos$ to ! def9ition ( ! "r fai?1 :i* ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on set =?4 ,all ! ,bi%ops cri$ out1 ',we all say ?is2 ! lett] is h]etical4' ,?us1 !re=e1 is x prov$ by ! fif? ,c\ncil t our holy ,fa!rs 9 ,ecum5ical ,c\ncils pron\nce ! lett]s read1 :e!r ( ,ca?olics or h]etics1 or ev5 ( ,roman ,pontiffs1 to be or?odox or h]etical1 accord+ to ! same proc$ure1 aft] legitimate cognisance1 ! tru? be+ inquir$ into1 & !n cle>$ up2 & ^u ^! premises judgm5t giv54 ,:at6 y w say1 ) no di/9ction1 & ) m9ds equally incl9$ to bo? p>ties8 ,inde$ we h said1 & %all (t5 repeat1 t !re 0 a presumption 9 fav\r ( ! decrees ( or?odox ,pontiffs2 b 9 ,ecum5ical ,c\ncils1 :]e judgm5t is to be pass$ 9 matt] ( fai?1 t !y 7 b\nd no long] to act ^u presumption1 b on ! tru? cle>ly & ?or\ghly asc]ta9$4 ,su* 7 ! acts ( ! fif? ,c\ncil4 ,?is x le>nt f ! ?ird & f\r? ,c\ncils1 & approv$2 & 9 ?is argum5t we h br\ght at once 9 fav\r ( our op9ion ! decrees ( ! ,ecum5ical ,c\ncils ( ,ephesus1 ,*alc$on1 & ! second ,con/ant9opolitan4#aba ,! po9t "h tak5 up by ,bossuet1 & prov$ ^u indisputable au?ority1 is ( ! greate/ importance1 viz4 t ! decree ( a ,roman ,pontiff1 de fide1 & he1 p]haps1 ! greate/ ( ! :ole numb]1 0 judg$ by a ,g5]al ,c\ncil1 & only admitt$ :5 x 0 f\nd con=mable to antiquity4 ,x settles1 9 fact1 ! :ole "q1 t ! ,bi%op ( ,rome is inde$ possess$ ( ! ,fir/ ,see1 & ,primate ( all ,*ri/5dom2 b t he is n ! sole depository ( ,*ri/'s p[] 9 ! ,*ur*1 :i* is1 9 tru?1 ! ,papal idea1 laid d[n by ,/4 ,gregory ! ,sev5?1 & act$ ^u s9ce4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two ideas is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,fa!rs & ! pres5t ,lat9 ,communion 9 ! matt] ( ,*ur* gov]nm5t1 9 :i* !y are wide z ! poles asund]4 ,! hi/ory ( ,pope ,vigilius fur!r confirms ! tru? ( :at we h said4 ,bossuet proce$s3 ,9 ! same fif? ,c\ncil ! foll[+ acts support our cause4 ,! ,emp]or ,ju/9ian desir$ t ! "q conc]n+ ! above-m5tion$ ?ree ,*apt]s %\ld be consid]$ 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,he !re=e s5t = ,pope ,vigilius to ,con/ant9ople4 ,!re he n long aft] assembl$ a ,c\ncil4 ,! ,ori5tals ?\ght x ( great mom5t t ^! ,*apt]s %\ld be condemn$1 aga9/ ! ,ne/orians1 :o 7 rais+ _! heads to def5d !m2 ,vigilius1 ) ! ,occid5tals1 fe>$ le/ ?us occasion %\ld be tak5 to de/roy ! au?ority ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on2 because x 0 admitt$ t ,!odoret & ,ibas _h be5 receiv$ 9 t ,c\ncil1 :il/ ,!odore1 ?\gh nam$1 0 let g )\t any m>k ( c5sure4 ,?\gh !n bo? p>ties easily agre$ z to ! sub/ance ( ! fai?1 yet ! "q _h entirely respect to ! fai?1 x be+ fe>$ by ! "o p>ty le/ ! ,ne/orian1 by ! o!r le/ ! ,euty*ean1 enemies ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on %\ld prevail4 ,f ?is /ruggle _m accusations h be5 br\ght aga9/ ,vigilius1 :i* h no?+ to d ) u4 ,i am p]suad$ t ev]y?+ 0 done by ,vigilius ) ! be/ int5t1 ! ,we/]ns n endur+ ! condemnation ( ! ,*apt]s1 & ?+s t5d+ to a s*ism4 ,! facts "h allud$ to1 b = obvi\s reasons avoid$ by ,bossuet1 are z foll[s1 v briefly4 ,vigilius on ! #aa? ( ,april1 #edh1 issues 8 ',judicatum' aga9/ ! ?ree ,*apt]s1 sav+ ! au?ority ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on4 ,!reupon ! ,bi%ops ( ,africa1 ,illyria1 & ,dalmatia1 ) two ( 8 own confid5tial ,deacons1 )draw f 8 communion4 ,9 ! ye> #eea1 ! ,bi%ops ( ,africa1 assembl$ 9 ,c\ncil1 excommunicate him1 = hav+ condemn$ ! ?ree ,*apt]s4 ,at l5g? ! ,pope publicly )draws 8 ',judicatum4' ,:ile ! ,c\ncil is sitt+ at ,con/ant9ople he publi%es 8 ',con/itutum1' 9 :i* he condemns c]ta9 propositions ( ,!odore1 b sp>es 8 p]son2 ! same respect+ ,!odoret2 b ) respect to ,ibas1 he decl>es 8 lett] 0 pron\nc$ or?odox by ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on4 ,bossuet goes on3 h[ev] ?is may be1 s mu* is cle> t ,vigilius1 ?\gh invit$1 decl9$ be+ pres5t at ! ,c\ncil2 t nev]!less ! ,c\ncil 0 held )\t him2 t he publi%$ a ',con/itutum' 9 :i* he disapprov$ ( :at ,!odore1 ,!odoret1 & ,ibas 7 said to h writt5 aga9/ ! fai?2 b decre$ t _! "n %\ld be sp>$1 because !y 7 consid]$ to h be5 receiv$ by ! f\r? ,c\ncil1 or to h di$ 9 ! communion ( ! ,*ur*1 & to be res]v$ to ! judgm5t ( ,god4 ,conc]n+ ! lett] ( ,ibas1 he publi%$ ! foll[+1 t1 und]/ood 9 ! be/ & mo/ pi\s s5se1 x 0 blameless2 & conc]n+ ! ?ree ,*apt]s g5]ally1 he ord]$ t aft] 8 pres5t decl>ation ,ecclesia/ics %\ld move no fur!r "q4 ,su* 0 ! decree ( ,vigilius1 issu$ ^u ! au?ority ) :i* he 0 inve/$4 ,& ! ,c\ncil1 aft] 8 con/itution1 bo? rais$ a "q ab\t ! ?ree ,*apt]s1 & decid$ t "q 0 prop]ly rais$ conc]n+ ! dead1 & t ! lett] ( ,ibas 0 manife/ly h]etical & ,ne/orian1 & contr>y 9 all ?+s to ! fai? ( ,*alc$on1 & t !y 7 altoge!r accurs$1 :o def5d$ ! impi\s ,!odore ( ,mopsue/ia1 or ! writ+s ( ,!odoret aga9/ ,cyril1 or ! impi\s lett] ( ,ibas def5d+ ! t5ets ( ,ne/orius2 & :o did n ana!matize x1 b said x 0 correct4 ,9 ^! latt] words !y seem$ n ev5 to sp>e ,vigilius1 al?\gh !y did n m5tion 8 "n4 ,& x is c]ta9 _! decree 0 confirm$ by ,pelagius ! ,second1 ,gregory ! ,great1 & o!r ,roman ,pontiffs4444 ,^! ?+s prove1 t 9 a matt] ( ! utmo/ importance1 di/urb+ ! :ole ,*ur*1 & seem+ to belong to ! fai?1 ! decrees ( sacr$ ,c\ncils prevail$ ov] ! decrees ( ,pontiffs1 & t ! lett] ( ,ibas1 ?\gh def5d$ by a judgm5t ( ! ,roman ,pontiff1 c\ld nev]!less be proscrib$ z h]etical4 ,comp>e ) ?is hi/ory ! foll[+ rem>k ( ,de ,mai/re1 t ,bi%ops sep>at$ f ! ,pope1 & 9 contradiction ) him1 are sup]ior to him1 is a proposition to :i* "o does all ! hon\r possible 9 call+ x only extravagance4#abb ,aft] all ?is ,fleury says3 ,at la/ ! ,pope ,vigilius resign$ himself to ! advice ( ! ,c\ncil1 & six mon?s aft]w>ds wrote a lett] to ! ,patri>* ,euty*ius1 :]e9 he confesses t he has be5 want+ 9 *>ity 9 divid+ f 8 bre?r54 ,he adds1 t "o ought n to be a%am$ to retract1 :5 "o recognises ! tru?1 & br+s =w>d ! example ( ,/4 ,augu/94 ,he says1 t1 aft] hav+ bett] exam9$ ! matt] ( ! ?ree *apt]s1 he f9ds !m wor?y ( condemnation4 ',we recognise = our bre?r5 & colleagues all ^? :o h condemn$ !m1 & annul by ?is writ+ all t has be5 done by u or by o!rs = ! def5ce ( ! ?ree *apt]s4'#abc ,nor c ,i ?9k x a po9t ( little mom5t t ,bi%ops ( ,rome 7 at diff]5t times depos$ or excommunicat$ by o!r ,bi%ops4 ,z 9 ! second c5tury ! ,ea/]n ,bi%ops disreg>d ,/4 ,victor's excommunication respect+ ,ea/]2 & 9 ! ?ird ,/4 ,firmilian 9 ,asia1 & ,/4 ,cyprian 9 ,africa1 disreg>d ,/4 ,/eph5's excommunication 9 ! matt] ( rebaptiz+ h]etics2 s :5 ! ,bi%ops ( ! ,patri>*ate ( ,antio* f\nd t ,pope ,julius _h receiv$ to communion ,/4 ,a?anasius1 & o!rs :om !y _h depos$1 !y proce$$ to depose him1 ) ,hosius & ! re/4#abd ,?is 0 9 ! f\r? c5tury4 ,9 ! fif?1 ,dioscorus1 at ! ,latroc9ium ( ,ephesus1 attempts to excommunicate ,/4 ,leo4 ,9 ! six?1 z we h j se51 ! ,bi%ops ( ,africa1 ,illyria1 & ,dalmatia1 all ( ! ,we/1 sep>ate ,pope ,vigilius f _! communion1 & ! =m] aft]w>ds solemnly excommunicate him4 ,x matt]s n t 9 all ^! cases ! ,bi%ops 7 wrong2 ,i quote ^! acts m]ely to prove t !y e/eem$ ! ,bi%op ( ,rome ! fir/ ( all ,bi%ops inde$1 yet subject to ! ,canons l !mselves1 & only ( equal rank4 ,= on ! pres5t ,papal !ory1 su* an act1 z we h se5 le ,p]e ,lacordaire affirm1 w\ld be m]ely suicidal1--pure insanity4 ,x is 9 utt] contradiction to ! notion ( an ecclesia/ical mon>*y4 ,9 l mann] we f9d portions ( ! ,*ur*1 z t ( ,con/ant9ople1 aga9 & aga9 out ( communion ) ! ,roman ,pontiff1 b !y d n !re=e cease to be p>ts ( ! true ,*ur*4 ,s ,giesel] /ates t 9 consequ5ce ( jeal\sies ab\t ! condemn+ ! ?ree ,*apt]s ! ,ar*bi%ops ( ,aquileia1 ) _! ,bi%ops1 7 out ( communion ) ,rome f ,a4,d4 #efh to #fih4abe ,a reconciliation takes place1 & communion is r5ew$4 ,facts ( ! same nature1 & apply+ closely to our own position1 are m5tion$ by ,bossuet2#abf viz4 t ! ,spani% ,bi%ops1 n hav+ be5 pres5t at1 nor invit$ to1 ! six? ,g5]al ,c\ncil1 did n receive x z ,ecum5ical1 ?\gh invit$ to d s by ! ,pope ( ! day1 until !y _h !mselves exam9$ its acts1 & f\nd !m accordant ) previ\s ,c\ncils4 ,& z to ! second ,nic5e1 or sev5? ,g5]al ,c\ncil1 ! ,gallic ,bi%ops1 ) ,*>lemagne at _! head1 long refus$ to receive x1 ?\gh support$ by ! ,pope1 because nei!r !y nor o!r ,occid5tals 7 pres5t at x4 ,nor 7 !y 9 ! mean "t held z h]etical or s*ismatical1 ?\gh !y diff]$ on a po9t ( ! greate/ mom5t1 t is1 ! int]pretation ( ! precepts ( ! fir/ table1 because !y seem$ to inquire into ! matt] ) a good int5tion1 n ) ob/9ate p>ty _s4#abg ,yet ,pope ,adrian _h himself writt5 aga9/ !m4 ,n[ all ^! v>i\s facts1 f ! fir/ ,nic5e ,c\ncil1 conv]ge t[>ds "o view1 = :i*1 ,i ?9k1 !re is z full evid5ce z = mo/ facts ( hi/ory1--t ! ,pope1 to ! "t ( ,/4 ,gregory ! ,great1 & inde$ long aft]w>ds1 0 b ! fir/ ( ! ,patri>*s1 :o1 9 _! own ,patri>*ates1 enjoy$ a co-ord9ate & equal au?ority ) 8 9 ! ,we/4 ,i suppose ,de ,mai/re ackn[l$ges z mu* 9 8 own way1 :5 he says1 ,! ,pope is inve/$ ) five v di/9ct *>act]s2 = he is ,bi%op ( ,rome1 ,metropolitan ( ! ,suburbican ,*ur*es1 ,primate ( ,italy1 ,patri>* ( ! ,we/1 &1 la/ly1 ,sov]eign ,pontiff4 ,! ,pope has nev] ex]cis$ ov] ! o!r ,patri>*ates any p[]s save ^? result+ f ?is la/2 s t except 9 "s affair ( high importance1 "s /rik+ abuse1 or "s appeal 9 ! great] causes1 ! ,sov]eign ,pontiffs mix$ little 9 ! ecclesia/ical adm9i/ration ( ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*es4 ,& ?is 0 a great mis=tune1 n only = !m1 b = ! /ates :]e !y 7 e/abli%$4 ,x may be said t ! ,greek ,*ur*1 f its orig91 c>ri$ 9 its bosom a g]m ( division1 :i* only completely develop$ itself at ! end ( twelve c5turies1 b :i* always exi/$ "u =ms less /rik+1 less decisive1 & s endurable4#abh ,! confession ( "o :o trave/ies antiquity s outrage\sly z ,de ,mai/re is curi\s at lea/3--& n[ let u proce$ to ! te/imony ( ,/4 ,gregory4 ,&1 assur$ly1 if !re 0 any ,pontiff :o1 l ,/4 ,leo1 held ! mo/ /rong & deeply-root$ convictions z to ! pr]ogatives ( ! ,roman see1 x 0 ,/4 ,gregory4 ,8 volum9\s correspond5ce ) ,bi%ops1 & ! mo/ notable p]sons ?r\gh\t ! _w1 repres5ts him to u z gu>d+ & sup]9t5d+ ! affairs ( ! :ole ,*ur* f ! wat*-t[] ( ,/4 ,pet]1 ! l(tie/ ( all4 ,let "o ass]tion ( 8 prove ?is4 ,writ+ to ,natalis1 ,bi%op ( ,salona 9 ,dalmatia1 he says1 ,aft] ! lett]s ( my pr$ecessor & my own1 9 ! matt] ( ,honoratus ! ,ar*deacon1 7 s5t to y\r ,hol9ess1 9 despite ( ! s5t5ce ( u bo?1 ! above-m5tion$ ,honoratus 0 depriv$ ( 8 rank4 ,_h ei!r ( ! f\r ,patri>*s done ?is1 s great an act ( contumacy c\ld n h be5 pass$ ov] )\t ! mo/ griev\s sc&al4 ,h[ev]1 z y\r bro!rhood has s9ce return$ to y\r duty1 ,i take notice nei!r ( ! injury done to me1 nor ( t to my pr$ecessor4#abi ,! foll[+ words 9 ano!r lett] w elucidate 8 mean+ "h4 ,z to :at he says1 t he 7a ,bi%op7 is subject to ! ,apo/olical ,see1 ,i "k n :at ,bi%op is n subject to x1 if any fault be f\nd 9 ,bi%ops4 ,b :5 no fault requires x1 all are equal accord+ to ! e/imation ( humility4#acj ,& aga91 writ+ to 8 own ,def5sor 9 ,sicily1 a "p ( ! ,*ur* mo/ "u 8 own control1 ,i am in=m$ t if any "o has a cause aga9/ any cl]ks1 y ?r[ a slight ^u _! ,bi%ops1 & cause !m to appe> 9 y\r own c\rt4 ,if ?is be s1 we expressly ord] y to presume to d s no m1 because beyond d\bt x is v unseemly4 ,= if 8 own jurisdiction is n pres]v$ to ea* ,bi%op1 :at else results b t ! ord] ( ! ,*ur* is ?r[n into confusion by u1 :o ought to gu>d x4#aca ,giesel] says3 ,!y 7! ,roman ,bi%ops7 ma9ta9$1 t n only ! "r ( ! highe/ ecclesia/ical tribunal 9 ! ,we/ belong$ to !m1 b ! sup]vision ( or?odoxy1 & ma9t5ance ( ! ,*ur*'s laws1 9 ! :ole ,*ur*2 & !y bas$ ^! claims1 /ill1 x is true1 at times1 ^u imp]ial edicts1 & decrees ( ,c\ncils1 b mo/ commonly ^u ! privileges grant$ to ,pet] by ! ,"l4#acb ,& ,i suppose if ! ,primacy ( ,*ri/5dom has any real mean+1 x mu/ mean ?is1 t 9 case ( necessity1 su* z infraction ( ! ,canons1 an appeal may be made to x4 ,s und\bt$ly ,/4 ,gregory und]/ood 8 own rights4 ,:at 8 ord9>y jurisdiction 01 ,fleury ?us tells u3--,! ,popes orda9$ cl]gy only = ! ,roman 7local7 ,*ur*1 b !y gave ,bi%ops to ! great] "p ( ! ,*ur*es ( ,italy4#acc ,/4 ,gregory ent]$ into ?is detail only = ! ,*ur*es :i* specially dep5d$ on ! ,holy ,see1 & = t reason 7 nam$ suburbican2 t is1 ^? ( ! s\!rn "p ( ,italy1 :]e he 0 sole ,ar*bi%op1 ^? ( ,sicily1 & ! o!r isl&s1 ?\gh !y _h ,metropolitans4 ,b x w n be f\nd t he ex]cis$ ! same imm$iate p[] 9 ! prov9ces dep5d+ on ,milan & ,aquileia1 nor 9 ,spa9 & ! ,gauls4 ,x is true t 9 ! ,gauls he _h 8 vic>1 :o 0 ! ,bi%op ( ,arles1 z 0 likewise ! ,bi%op ( ,!ssalonica = ,we/]n ,illyricum4 ,! ,pope fur!r took c>e ( ! ,*ur*es ( ,africa1 t ,c\ncils %\ld be held !re1 & ! ,canons ma9ta9$2 b we d n f9d t he ex]cis$ p>ticul> jurisdiction ov] any t belong$ to ! ,ea/]n empire1 t is to say1 ^u ! f\r patri>*ates ( ,alex&ria1 ,antio*1 ,j]usalem1 & ,con/ant9ople4 ,he 0 9 communion & int]*ange ( lett]s ) all ^! ,patri>*s1 )\t ent]+ into ! p>ticul> managem5t ( ! ,*ur*es dep5d+ on !m1 except x 7 9 "s extraord9>y case4 ,! multitude ( ,/4 ,gregory's lett]s gives u opportunity to rem>k all ^! di/9ctions1 9 ord] n to ext5d indiff]5tly rights :i* he only ex]cis$ ov] c]ta9 ,*ur*es4#acd ,n[ 9 ,/4 ,gregory's "t a discussion arose1 :i* s]v$ to draw =? /atem5ts on 8 "p mo/ rem>kably be>+ on ! pres5t claims ( ! ,see ( ,rome4 ,9 ! ye> #ehi ,gregory1 ,patri>* ( ,antio*1 accus$ ( a griev\s crime1 appeal$ to ! ,emp]or & 8 ,c\ncil4 ,he accord+ly w5t to ,con/ant9ople1 & 0 tri$4 ,all ! ,patri>*s ( ! ,ea/ 9 p]son1 or by _! deputies1 att5d$ ?is trial1 ! ,s5ate likewise1 & _m ,metropolitans2 & ! cause hav+ be5 exam9$ 9 sev]al sitt+s1 ,gregory 0 absolv$1 & ! accus] flogg$ ?r\gh ! city & bani%$4 ,at ?is ,c\ncil ,john ! ,fa/]1 ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople1 took ! title ( ,univ]sal ,bi%op4 ,imm$iately ! ,roman ,pontiff ,pelagius he>d ( x1 he s5t lett]s by :i*1 ( ,/4 ,pet]'s au?ority1 he annull$ ! acts ( ?is ,c\ncil1 save z to ! absolution ( ,gregory1 & ord]$ 8 deacon1 ! ,nuncio1 n to att5d ! mass ) ,john4 ,b he left ! conte/ ab\t ! "n ,ecum5ical1 or ,univ]sal1 ,bi%op or ,patri>*1 to 8 successor ,gregory4 ,we h _m lett]s ( ,gregory on ! subject1 ( :i* ,i w give extracts4 ,! ,pope =esaw ! great dang] !re 0 t ! ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople w\ld r$uce completely "u him ! o!r ?ree ,ea/]n ,patri>*s1 & p]haps attempt to ga9 ! ,primacy ( ! :ole ,*ur*2 = ?is1 among o!r reasons1 nei!r ,/4 ,leo1 nor any ( 8 successors1 _h ev] all[$ 9 ! ,we/ ! #bh? ,canon ( ,*alc$on1 giv+ him ! next place to ,rome4 ,& n[ ?is title ( ,ecum5ical1 comb9$ ) ! fact t ! ,bi%op ( t ,see 01 f 8 position1 ! int]m$i>y betwe5 all ! ,bi%ops ( ! ,ea/ & ! imp]ial p[]1 seem$ to po9t directly to su* a consummation4 ,he 0 ! natural presid5t ( a ,c\ncil cont9ually sitt+ at ,con/ant9ople1 :i* might be said to lead & give ! initiative to ! :ole ,ea/4 ,accord+ly ,/4 ,gregory appe>s 9 ?is matt] ! great def5d] ( ! ,patri>*al equilibrium4 ,gregory to ,eulogius1 ,bi%op ( ,alex&ria1 & ,ana/asius1 ,bi%op ( ,antio*4#ace444 ,z y\r v5]able ,hol9ess is aw>e1 ?is "n ,univ]sal 0 (f]$ by ! holy ,synod ( ,*alc$on to ! ,pontiff ( ! ,apo/olic ,see1 a po/ :i* by ,god's provid5ce ,i fill4 ,b no "o ( my pr$ecessors ev] cons5t$ to use s pr(ane a t]m1 because pla9ly1 if a s+le ,patri>* is call$ ,univ]sal1 ! "n ( ,patri>* is tak5 f ! re/4 ,b f>1 f> be ?is f ! m9d ( a ,*ri/ian1 t any "o %\ld wi% to claim to himself t by :i* ! hon\r ( 8 bre?r5 may seem to be 9 any degree dim9i%$4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 we are unwill+ to receive ?is hon\r :5 (f]$ to u1 consid] h[ %ameful x is t any "o has wi%$ viol5tly to usurp x to himself4 ,:]e=e let y\r ,hol9ess 9 y\r lett]s nev] call any "o ,univ]sal1 le/ 9 (f]+ undue hon\r to ano!r y %\ld deprive y\rself ( t :i* is y\r due4444 ,let u1 !re=e1 r5d] ?anks to ,him1 :o1 dissolv+ enmities1 ha? caus$ 9 ,8 fle%1 t 9 ! :ole _w !re %\ld be "o flock & "o fold "u ,himself ! "o ,%eph]d4444 ,= because he is ne> ( :om x is writt51 ',he is k+ ov] all ! *ildr5 ( pride1' :at ,i _c utt] )\t great grief1 our bro!r & fell[-,bi%op ,john1 despis+ ! ,apo/olic precepts1 ! rules ( ! ,fa!rs1 endeav\rs by ?is appellation to g be=e him 9 pride4444 ,s t he endeav\rs to claim ! :ole to himself1 & aims by ! pride ( ?is pomp\s language to subjugate to himself all ! memb]s ( ,*ri/1 :i* are jo9$ toge!r to ! "o sole head1 t is1 ,*ri/4444 ,by ! fav\r ( ! ,"l we mu/ /rive ) all our /r5g?1 & take c>e le/ by "o poison\s s5t5ce ! liv+ memb]s ( ,*ri/'s body be de/roy$4 ,= if ?is is all[$ to be said freely1 ! hon\r ( all ! ,patri>*s is d5i$4 ,& :51 p]*ance1 he :o is t]m$ ,univ]sal p]i%es 9 error1 pres5tly no ,bi%op is f\nd to h rema9$ 9 ! /ate ( tru?4 ,:]e=e x is y\r duty firmly1 & )\t prejudice1 to pres]ve ! ,*ur*es z y receiv$ !m1 & let ?is attempt ( diabolic usurpation f9d no?+ ( its own 9 y4 ,/& firm1 /& fe>less2 presume n ev] ei!r to give or receive lett]s ) ?is false title ( ,univ]sal4 ,keep f ! pollution ( ?is pride all ! ,bi%ops subject to y\r c>e1 t ! :ole ,*ur* may recognise y = ,patri>*s1 n only by good works1 b by y\r g5u9e au?ority4 ,b if p]*ance adv]sity foll[1 p]si/+ ) "o m9d1 we are b\nd to %[1 ev5 by dy+1 t we love n any special ga9 ( our own to ! g5]al loss4 ,s1 likewise to ! ,bi%ops ( ,illyricum he says--,because z ! end ( ?is _w is approa*+1 ! enemy ( ! human race ha? appe>$ 9 anticipation1 to h = 8 precursors ?r\gh ?is "n ( pride1 ^? v prie/s :o ought by a good & humble life to resi/ him2 ,i !re=e exhort & advise t no "o ( y ev] give c\nt5ance to ?is "n1 ev] agree to x1 ev] write x1 ev] receive a writ+ :]e9 x is conta9$1 or add 8 subscription2 b1 z x behoves m9i/]s ( ,almighty ,god1 keep himself clean f su*-l poison\s infection1 & give no place )9 him to ! crafty li]-9-wait2 s9ce ?is is done to ! injury & disruption ( ! :ole ,*ur*1 &1 z we h said1 9 contempt ( all ( y4 ,= if1 z he ?9ks1 "o is univ]sal1 x rema9s t y are n ,bi%ops4#acf ,to ,sab9ianus1 !n 8 ,deacon1 aft]w>ds 8 successor--,= to cons5t to ?is nef>i\s "n1 is no?+ else b to lose our fai?4#acg ,gregory to ! ,emp]or ,mauricius#ach444 ,conc]n+ :i* matt]1 my ,"l's affection has enjo9$ me 9 8 comm&s1 say+ t sc&al ought n to gr[ betwe5 u1 = ! t]m ( a frivol\s "n4 ,b ,i beg y\r ,imp]ial ,piety to consid]1 t "s frivolities are v h>mless1 "s highly injuri\s4 ,:5 ,anti*ri/ at 8 com+ calls himself ,god1 w x n be v frivol\s1 b yet cause great de/ruction8 ,if we look at ! am\nt ( :at is said1 x is b two syllables1 7,deum17 if at ! weight ( iniquity1 x is univ]sal de/ruction4 ,b ,i confid5tly affirm t :oev] calls himself1 or desires to be call$1 ,univ]sal ,prie/1 9 8 pride goes be=e ,anti*ri/2 because ?r\gh pride he pref]s himself to ! re/4 ,& he is l$ into error by no dissimil> pride1 because l t p]v]se "o1 he wi%es to appe> ,god ov] all m52 s1 :oev] he is :o desires to be call$ sole ,prie/1 he lifts up himself above all o!r ,prie/s4 ,b s9ce ! ,tru? says1 'e "o :o exalte? himself %all be abas$1' ,i "k t ! m any pride inflates itself1 ! soon] x bur/s4 ,gregory to ! ,emp]or ,mauritius4#aci 444 ,b s9ce x is n my cause1 b ,god's1 & s9ce n ,i only1 b ! :ole ,*ur*1 is ?r[n into confusion1 s9ce sacr$ laws1 s9ce v5]able synods1 s9ce ! v comm&s ev5 ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ are di/urb$ by ! inv5tion ( ?is haughty & pomp\s language1 let ! mo/ pi\s ,emp]or lance ! w\nd1 c4444 ,= to all :o "k ! ,gospel1 x is manife/ t ! *>ge ( ! :ole ,*ur* 0 entru/$ by ! voice ( ! ,"l to ! holy ,apo/le ,pet]1 *ief ( all ! ,apo/les4 ,= to him is said1 ,pet]1 love/ ?\ me8 ,fe$ my %eep4 ,to him is said1 ,behold1 ,satan ha? desir$ to sift y1 c4 ,to him is said1 ,?\ art ,pet]1 c4 ,lo he ha? receiv$ ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav51 ! p[] ( b9d+ & loos+ is giv5 to him1 ! c>e ( ! :ole ,*ur* is committ$ to him1 & ! ,primacy1 & yet he is n call$ ,univ]sal ,apo/le4 ,& t holy man1 my fell[-prie/1 ,john1 endeav\rs to be call$ ,univ]sal ,bi%op4444 ,d ,i1 9 ?is matt]1 mo/ pi\s ,"l1 def5d my own cause8 is x a private injury t ,i pursue8 ! cause ( ,almighty ,god1 ! cause ( ! univ]sal ,*ur*4 ,:o is he1 :o1 9 violation ( ! /atutes ( ! ,gospel1 9 violation ( ! decrees ( ,canons1 presumes to usurp a new "n to himself8 ,w\ld t he :o desires to be call$ univ]sal may exi/ himself )\t dim9ution to o!rs6444 ,if1 !n1 any "o claims to himself t "n 9 t ,*ur*1 z 9 ! judgm5t ( all good m5 he has done1 ! :ole ,*ur* 7:i* ,god =bid67 falls f its place1 :5 he :o is call$ ,univ]sal falls4 ,b f> f ,*ri/ian he>ts be t blasphem\s "n1 9 :i* ! hon\r ( all ,prie/s is tak5 away1 :ile x is madly arrogat$ by "o to himself6 ,c]ta9ly1 to d hon\r to ! bless$ ,pet]1 *ief ( ! ,apo/les1 ?is 0 (f]$ to ! ,roman ,pontiff by ! v5]able ,synod ( ,*alc$on4 ,b no "o ( !m ev] cons5t$ to use ?is s+ul> appellation1 t all ,prie/s might n be depriv$ ( _! due hon\r by some?+ peculi> be+ giv5 to "o4 ,h[ is x1 !n1 t we seek n ! glory ( ?is "n1 ?\gh (f]$ u1 yet ano!r presumes to claim x1 ?\gh n (f]$8 ,john _h be5 succe$$ by ,cyriacus at ,con/ant9ople3 & he writes fur!r1#adj ,gregory to ,ana/asius1 ,bi%op ( ,antio*4444 ,i ?\ght x n wor? :ile on acc\nt ( a pr(ane appellation to delay receiv+ ! synodical lett] ( our ,bro!r & ,fell[-,prie/ ,cyriacus1 t ,i might n di/urb ! unity ( ! holy ,*ur*3 nev]!less1 ,i h made a po9t ( admoni%+ him respect+ t same sup]/iti\s & haughty appellation1 say+ t he c\ld n h peace ) me unless he correct$ ! pride ( ! a=esaid expression1 :i* ! fir/ ,apo/ate inv5t$4 ,b y %\ld n call ?is cause ( no importance2 because1 if we be> ?is pati5tly1 we corrupt ! fai? ( ! :ole ,*ur*4 ,= y "k h[ _m1 n only h]etics1 b ev5 h]esi>*s1 h come =? f ! ,*ur* ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,&1 n to speak ( ! injury done to y\r hon\r1 if "o ,bi%op be call$ ,univ]sal1 ! :ole ,*ur* tumbles to pieces1 if t "o1 be+ univ]sal1 falls4#ada ,b f> be su* folly1 f> be su* trifl+1 f my e>s4 ,b ,i tru/ 9 ! ,almighty ,"l1 t :at ,he ha? promis$1 ,he w quickly p]=m3 e "o t exalte? himself %all be abas$4 ,9 ano!r mo/ int]e/+ lett] he communicates to ! ,bi%op ( ,alex&ria1 t :ile ! nation ( ! ,engli%1 plac$ 9 a corn] ( ! _w1 0 rema9+ up to ?is "t 9 unbelief1 wor%ipp+ /ocks & /ones1 by ! help ( y\r pray]s ,i det]m9$ t ,i ought to s5d ov] to x a monk ( my mona/]y1 by ! bless+ ( ,god1 to prea* !re4 ,aft] p]mission f me1 he has be5 made a ,bi%op by ! ,bi%ops ( ,g]many1 &1 assi/$ by _! k9dness1 rea*$ ! a=esaid nation at ! end ( ! _w2 & ev5 at ?is pres5t mom5t ,i h receiv$ acc\nts ( 8 safety & lab\rs2 = ei!r he1 or ^? :o h gone ov] ) him1 are di/+ui%$ among t nation by s great miracles1 t !y seem to imitate ! p[]s ( ,apo/les by ! signs :i* !y %[ =?4 ,on ?is la/ fea/ ( ! ,"l's ,nativity m ?an t5 ?\s& ,engli% are report$ to h be5 baptiz$ by ?is our bro!r & fell[-bi%op1 :i* ,i m5tion t y may "k :at y are do+ among ! p ( ,alex&ria by y\r voice1 & 9 ! ends ( ! _w by y\r pray]s4#adb--,y\r ,bless$ness has also tak5 pa9s to tell me t y no long] write to c]ta9 p]sons ^? pr\d names1 :i* h sprung f ! root ( vanity1 & y address me1 say+1 z y comm&$1 :i* ^w comm& ,i beg y to remove f my e>s1 because ,i "k :o ,i am1 & :o y are4 ,= 9 rank y are my ,bro!r1 9 "* my ,fa!r4 ,i did n1 !re=e1 comm&1 b took pa9s to po9t out :at ,i ?\ght advantage\s4 ,i d n1 h[ev]1 f9d t y\r ,bless$ness 0 will+ altoge!r to obs]ve ! v ?+ ,i press$ ^u y4 ,= ,i said t y %\ld n write any su* ?+ ei!r to me or to any "o else1 & lo6 9 ! head+ ( y\r lett]1 direct$ to me1 ! v p]son :o =bad x1 y set t haughty appellation1 call+ me ,univ]sal ,pope4 ,:i* ,i beg y\r ,hol9ess1 :o are mo/ agreeable to me1 to d no m1 because :atev] is giv5 to ano!r m ?an reason requires is s mu* tak5 away f y\rself4 ,x is n 9 appellations1 b 9 "*1 t ,i wi% to advance4 ,nor d ,i consid] t an hon\r by :i* ,i ackn[l$ge t my bre?r5 lose _! own4 ,= my hon\r is ! hon\r ( ! ,univ]sal ,*ur*4 ,my hon\r is ! unimpair$ vig\r ( my bre?r54 ,!n am ,i truly hon\r$1 :5 ! true hon\r is n d5i$ to ea* "o 9 8 degree4 ,= if y\r ,hol9ess calls me ,univ]sal ,pope1 y d5y t y are y\rself :at y admit me to be1 ,univ]sal4 ,b ?is ,god =bid4 ,away ) words :i* inflate vanity1 & w\nd *>ity4 ,inde$1 9 ! holy ,synod ( ,*alc$on1 & by ! ,fa!rs subsequ5tly1 y\r ,hol9ess kn[s ?is 0 (f]$ to my pr$ecessors4 ,yet none ( !m *ose ev] to use ?is t]m2 t1 :ile 9 ?is _w !y ent]ta9$ affection = ! hon\r ( all ,prie/s1 9 ! h&s ( ,almighty ,god !y might gu>d _! own4 ,z to :at ,gregory says ab\t ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on (f]+ ?is title1 ,?omass9 says1#adc ,x au?oriz$ at lea/ by its sil5ce ! title ( ,ecum5ical 7,patri>*71 :i* 0 giv5 to ,pope ,leo 9 sev]al reque/s !re read4 ,x appe>s ^! reque/s really 7 ! compla9ts ( two ,alex&rian ,deacons aga9/ ,dioscorus4#add ,h[ v diff]5t x 0 to pass ov] )\t reprobat+ a title be/[$ 9 docum5ts :i* came be=e x1 f itself conf]r+ t title1 is pla9 at once4 ,9 j ! same way x _h be5 giv5 at ! ,latroc9ium to ,dioscorus4 ,h[ev]1 ! title ,ecum5ical has be5 con/antly s9ce1 & is n[1 borne by ! ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople2 no d\bt a v innoc5t mean+ may be giv5 to x4 ,! rem>kable ?+ is1 t ,gregory has po9t$ out 9 su* precise unmi/akeable language a c]ta9 p[] & claim1 :i* he inf]r$1 rightly or wrongly1 w\ld be set up on ?is title ,ecum5ical1 & :i* he pron\nces to be a corruption ( ! :ole con/itution ( ! ,*ur*4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 ! mo/ rem>kable passage rema9s yet to be quot$4 ,x is 9 a lett] to ! ,patri>* ,john himself4 ,consid]1 ,i pray y1 t by ?is ra% presumption ! peace ( ! :ole ,*ur* is di/urb$1 & ! grace1 p\r$ out ^u all 9 common1 contradict$4 ,& 9 ?is1 inde$1 y y\rself w be able to increase j s mu* z y purpose 9 y\r own m9d2 & become s mu* ! great]1 z y re/ra9 y\rself f usurp+ a pr\d & fooli% "n4 ,& y pr(it 9 ! degree t y d n /udy to arrogate to y\rself by d]ogat+ f y\r bre?r54 ,!re=e1 mo/ de> bro!r1 ) all y\r he>t love humility1 by :i* ! h>mony ( all ! bre?r5 & ! unity ( ! holy univ]sal ,*ur*1 may be pres]v$4 ,surely ! ,apo/le ,paul1 he>+ "s say1 ,i am ( ,paul1 ,i ( ,apollos1 ,i ( ,cephas1 exclaim$1 9 exce$+ horror at ?is r5d+ ( ! ,"l's ,body1 by :i* ,8 memb]s atta*$ !mselves1 z x 71 to o!r heads1 say+1 ,0 ,paul crucifi$ = y8 or 7 ye baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ,paul8 ,if he !n reject$ ! memb]s ( ! ,"l's ,body be+ subject$ to c]ta9 heads1 z x 71 besides ,*ri/1 & t ev5 to ,apo/les !mselves1 z lead]s ( p>ts1 :at w y say to ,*ri/1 :o is1 z y "k1 ! ,head ( ! ,univ]sal ,*ur*1 9 ! exam9ation ( ! la/ judgem5t1--y1 :o endeav\r to subject to y\rself "u ! "n ( ,univ]sal1 all ,8 memb]s8 ,:o1 ,i say1 9 ?is p]v]se "n1 is set =? = imitation b he1 :o despis$ ! legions ( angels jo9$ z companions to himself1 & endeav\r$ to rise to a height unapproa*$ by all1 t he might seem to be subject to none1 & be alone sup]ior to all4 ,:o also said1 ',i w asc5d into heav53 ,i w exalt my ?rone above ! />s ( ,god3 ,i w sit also ^u ! m\nt ( ! congregation1 on ! sides ( ! ,nor?4 ,i w asc5d above ! height ( ! cl\ds3 ,i w be l ! ,mo/ ,high4' ,= :at are all y\r bre?r51 ! ,bi%ops ( ! ,univ]sal ,*ur*1 b ! />s ( heav58 ,^: life & language toge!r %9e amid ! s9s & errors ( m51 z among ! %ades ( night4 ,& :ile y seek to set y\rself ov] ^! by a pr\d t]m1 & to tread "u foot _! "n1 9 comp>ison ) y\r own1 :at else d y say1 b ',i w asc5d into ! heav54 ,i w exalt my ?rone above ! />s ( ,god4' ,are n all ! ,bi%ops cl\ds1 :o ra9 d[n ! words ( _! prea*+1 & %9e ) ! light ( good works8 ,& :ile y\r bro!rhood despises !m1 & endeav\rs to put !m "u y1 :at else d y say b ?is1 :i* is said by ! old enemy3 ',i w asc5d above ! heights ( ! cl\ds8' ,& :5 ,i see all ^! ?+s ) sorr[1 & fe> ! secret judgm5ts ( ,god1 my te>s increase1 my he>t conta9s n my groans1 t t mo/ holy man1 ! ,"l ,john1 ( su* ab/95ce & humility1 s$uc$ ! p]suasion ( ^? ab\t him1 ha? proce$$ to su* pride1 t 9 long+ aft] a p]v]se "n1 he endeav\rs to be l him1 :o1 desir+ 9 8 pride to be z ,god1 lo/ ev5 ! grace ( t lik5ess to ,god :i* _h be5 giv5 him2 & s =feit$ true bless$ness1 because he s\ght false glory4 ,surely ,pet]1 ! fir/ ( ! ,apo/les1 a memb] ( ! holy univ]sal ,*ur*1 ,paul1 ,&rew1 ,john1 :at else are !y b ! heads ( p>ticul> communities8 & yet all are memb]s "u "o head4 ,& to compreh5d all 9 "o brief expression1 ! sa9ts be=e ! law1 ! sa9ts "u ! law1 ! sa9ts "u grace1 all ^! mak+ up ! body ( ! ,"l1 are dispos$ among memb]s ( ! ,*ur*1 & no "o ev] wi%$ to be call$ ,univ]sal4 ,let1 !n1 y\r ,hol9ess ackn[l$ge h[ great is y\r pride1 :o seek to be call$ by t "n1 by :i* no "o has presum$ to be call$ :o 0 really holy4#ade ,n[ _h ^! passages occurr$ 9 ! writ+s ( "s anci5t sa9t1 :o 0 g5]ally oppos$ to ! au?ority ( ! ,roman ,see1 _h !y belong$ to a ,patri>* ( ,antio*1 or ,con/ant9ople1 jeal\s ( 8 own rights1 !y w\ld surely h _h _! weight1 z te/imonies to a fact1 n m]e op9ions ( ! speak]4 ,!y w\ld h borne witness to no su* ?+ z !y reprobate hav+1 till !n1 be5 all[$ or ?\ght (4 ,or1 _h !y be5 isolat$ /atem5ts1 n borne out by contemporane\s or antec$5t docum5ts1 b /&+ alone1 uncontradict$ inde$1 b unsupport$1 !y w\ld /ill h told4 ,h[1 !n1 are we to express _! weight1 or ! full assurance ( fai? :i* !y give u1 z be+ ! delib]ate1 (t-repeat$1 (ficial /atem5ts ( a ,pope1 ?an :om !re nev] 0 "o m vigor\s 9 def5d+ or 9 ex]cis+ ! rights ( 8 ,see8 ,z be+ support$ & borne out1 & 9 e possible way corroborat$ by ! facts ( hi/ory1 ! decrees ( ,c\ncils1 ! innum]able te/imonies ( all p>ts ( ! _w1 ! ev]yday life ( ! liv+1 brea?+ ,*ur* = six hundr$ ye>s8 ,9 an e>ly "w1 ,mr4 ,newman _h said1 ,:at !re is n ! %ad[ ( a reason = say+ t ! ,fa!rs held1 :at has n ! fa9te/ pret5sions ( be+ a ,ca?olic ,tru?1 is ?is1 t ,/4 ,pet]1 & 8 successors1 7 & are univ]sal ,bi%ops2 t !y h ! :ole ( ,*ri/5dom = _! own diocese1 9 a way 9 :i* o!r ,apo/les & ,bi%ops _h & h n4 ,9 8 la/ "w he has retract$1 say+1 ,mo/ true1 if1 9 ord] t a doctr9e be consid]$ ,ca?olic1 x mu/ be =mally /at$ by ! ,fa!rs g5]ally f ! v fir/3 b1 on ! same und]/&+1 ! doctr9e also ( ! ,apo/olic succession 9 ! ,episcopal ord] has n ! fa9te/ pret5sions ( be+ a ,ca?olic tru?4#adf ,n[ ^! words ( ,mr4 ,newman seem to imply t ! expressions ( ,fa!rs1 or ! decrees ( ,c\ncils1 look t[>ds ?is presum$ ,ca?olic tru?1 t5d to x1 & f9ally admit x1 z a tru? :i* !y _h be5 all along implicitly hold+1 or unconsci\sly liv+ ^u1 & at la/ recognis$ & express$4 ,on ! contr>y1 to my appreh5sion1 !y hold ano!r view ab\t ! ,see ( ,rome1 & express x aga9 & aga94 ,x is n a po9t on :i* !re is v>iation or inconsi/5cy among !m4 ,i h z cle> a conviction z "o c well h t ,/4 ,augu/9e did n hold ! ,papal !ory4 ,i ?9k ! words t ,i h quot$ f him prove ?is4 ,moreov]1 ! ,fa!rs g5]ally express a view ab\t o!r ,bi%ops :i* is utt]ly incompatible ) ?is !ory z n[ receiv$1 :i* by no process ( developm5t c be made to agree ) x4 ,& ,i confess t ,i am unable to und]/& ! mean+ ( words1 if ?is s-call$ ,ca?olic tru? ( ! ,pope be+ ! univ]sal ,bi%op1 is n di/9ctly consid]$ 9 ^! passages ( ,/4 ,gregory1 =mally repudiat$ = himself z well z = o!rs1 & ! v notion decl>$ to be1 9 any case :atsoev]1 t ( ! ,pope be+ specially nam$1 blasphem\s & anti*ri/ian4 ,c\ld h]etics say any ?+ ( ! k9d aga9/ ! doctr9e ( ! ,apo/olical succession1 out ( ! fir/ six c5turies1 !y w\ld h an advantage aga9/ ! ,*ur*1 :i*1 ?ank ,god1 !y are f> f possess+4 ,& x is ( no small importance t we h "h speak+ a ,pope1 "o to :om twelve c5turies h giv5 ! "n ( ,great1 "o :o1 ) ,/4 ,leo1 /&s =? out ( ! anci5t l9e ( ,/4 ,pet]'s heirs z an especially legislative m9d4 ,e ,ca?olic is b\nd to take 8 words )\t suspicion4 ,n[ ,/4 ,gregory ass]ts1 z we h se51 ! "r ( 8 ,see to call any ,bi%op to acc\nt1 ev5 ! f\r ,patri>*s1 9 case ( a violation ( ! ,canons2 decl>+ at ! same "t t1 :5 ! ,canons are kept1 ! meane/ ,bi%op is 8 equal 9 ! e/imation ( humility4 ,ev5 :ile argu+ aga9/ ?is title he says1 ,to all :o "k ! ,gospel is manife/ t ! *>ge ( ! :ole ,*ur* 0 entru/$ by ! voice ( ! ,"l to ! holy ,apo/le ,pet]1--& yet he is n call$ ,univ]sal ,apo/le2 b ?is title1 he ass]ts1 & ! !ory impli$ 9 x1 is devili%1 an imitation ( ,satan1 an anticipation ( ,anti*ri/4 ,:at else c we conclude b t :i* s _m o!r docum5ts prove1 t ?is ,primacy ov] ! :ole ,*ur*1 ! anci5t & und\bt$ privilege ( ! ,bi%op ( ,rome1 0 some?+ q diff]5t f :at he is "h reprobat+8 ,= ,/4 ,gregory1 lea/ ( all m51 0 s bl9d z to use argum5ts :i* might be retort$ ) full =ce aga9/ himself4 ,& yet1 any "o read+ ^! words ( 81 & n kn[+ :5ce !y came1 w\ld suppose !y 7 writt5 by a pr(ess$ oppon5t ( ! pres5t ,papal claims4 ,= 9 ^! lett]s ,/4 ,gregory ackn[l$ges all ! ,patri>*s z co-ord9ate ) himself1 ackn[l$ges our ,"l to be sole ,head ( ! ,*ur*1 decl>es ! title ( ,univ]sal ,bi%op blasphem\s & ,anti*ri/ian1 expressly on ! gr\nd t x is a wrong done to ! ,univ]sal ,*ur*1 to e ,bi%op & ,prie/3 ,if "o is univ]sal1 x rema9s t y are n ,bi%ops2 decl>es1 moreov]1 t ,/4 ,pet] himself is only a memb] ( ! ,univ]sal ,*ur*1 z ,/4 ,paul1 ,/4 ,john1 ,/4 ,&rew1 7 o!r memb]s1 ! heads ( diff]5t communities4 ,?is may be said to be ! precise logical contradictory ( ,de ,mai/re's ass]tion1 t ! ,pope is ! ,*ur*1 9 :i* he assur$ly only expresses ! ,papal idea4 ,r>ely1 inde$1 is x t any controv]sy1 appeal+ to anci5t times1 c h a te/imony on all its details s di/9ct1 & specific1 & au?oritative z ?is3 & yet x may be said no m ?an to cr[n ! te/imony ( ! six c5turies go+ be=e x4 ,t dur+ ?is p]iod ! ,bi%op ( ,rome 0 recognis$ to be fir/ ,bi%op ( ! :ole ,*ur*1 ( v great influ5ce1 successor ( ,/4 ,pet]1 & /&+ 9 ! same relation to 8 bre?r5 ! ,bi%ops t ,/4 ,pet] /ood 9 to 8 bro!r ,apo/les2 ?is1 on ! :ole1 ,i believe to be ! te/imony ( ! fir/ six c5turies1 su* z a p]son1 n wilfully bl9d1 & :o 0 n cont5t to take ! witness ( a ,fa!r :5 x suit$ 8 purpose & pass x by :5 x did n1 w\ld draw f ecclesia/ical docum5ts4 ,i h set x =? to ! be/ ( my ability1 z well :]e x seem$ to tell aga9/ ! pres5t position ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 z 9 ^? _m po9ts 9 :i* x supports h]4 ,:at !n is our def5ce on h] "p aga9/ ! *>ge ( s*ism8 ,x is simply ?is4 ,t no "o c n[ be 9 ! communion ( ,rome )\t admitt+ ?is v ?+ :i* ,pope ,gregory decl>es to be blasphem\s & anti-,*ri/ian1 & d]ogatory to ! hon\r ( e ,prie/4 ,?is is ! v head & front ( our (f5d+1 t we refuse to all[ t ! ,pope is ,univ]sal ,bi%op4 ,if ! *>ge 7 t we refuse to /& 9 ! same relation to ! ,pope t ,/4 ,augu/9 ( ,cant]bury /ood 9 to ?is v ,/4 ,gregory1 t we refuse to reg>d & hon\r ! successor ( ,/4 ,gregory ) ! same hon\r ) :i* our ,ar*bi%ops1 z soon z !y 7 seat$ 9 ! gov]nm5t ( _! ,*ur*1 & 7 no long] m]ely ,mission>ies b ,primates1 reg>d$ ! occupant ( ,/4 ,pet]'s ,see1 ,i ?9k bo? ! sep>ation ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago1 & ! pres5t cont9uance ( x on our "p1 w\ld1 s f> z ?is "q ( s*ism is conc]n$1 be utt]ly indef5sible4 ,b ?is is n ! po9t4 ,x may inde$ be1 & frequ5tly is1 s /at$ by unfair oppon5ts4 ,! real po9t is1 t1 dur+ ! n9e hundr$ ye>s :i* elaps$ betwe5 #eif & #aecd ! p[] ( ! ,pope1 & 8 relation to ! ,bi%ops 9 8 communion1 _h ess5tially alt]$3 _h be51 9 fact1 plac$ ^u ano!r basis4 ,t f be+ fir/ ,bi%op ( ! ,*ur*1 & ,patri>*1 orig9ally ( ! t5 prov9ces "u ! ,praefectus ,praetorii ( ,italy1 !n ( ,france1 ,spa91 ,africa1 & ! ,we/ g5]ally1 he _h claim$ to be ! s\rce & *annel ( grace to all ,bi%ops1 ! f\nta9-head ( jurisdiction to ! :ole _w1 ,ea/ z well z ,we/2 9 fact1 ! ',solus ,sac]dos1' ! ',univ]sus ,episcopus1' contemplat$ by ,/4 ,gregory4 ,!re is a worldwide diff]5ce betwe5 ! anci5t signature ( ! ,popes1 ',episcopus ,ca?olicae ,ecclesiae ,urbis ,romae1' & t ( ,pope ,pius at ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 ',ego ,pius ,ca?olicae ,ecclesiae ,episcopus4' ,x has be5 no long] left 9 ! *oice ( any to accept 8 ,primacy1 )\t accept+ 8 ,mon>*y1 :i* ^? :o pr(ess to foll[ antiquity mu/ believe t ! ,bi%ops ( ,nicea1 ,con/ant9ople1 ,ephesus1 & ,*alc$on1 ,augu/9 & ,*ryso/om1 ! ,we/ & ! ,ea/1 w\ld h reject$ ) ! horror %[n by ,/4 ,gregory at ! fir/ dawn+ ( su* an idea4 ,&1 :]eas ,holy ,scripture & antiquity pres5t u ) "o accordant view ( ! ,univ]sal ,*ur* gov]n$ by ,/4 ,pet] & ! ,apo/olic ,college1 &1 dur+ ! fir/ six c5turies at lea/1 z ! ,bi%op ( ,rome is se5 to ex]cise ! ,primacy ( ,/4 ,pet]1 s 8 bro!r-,bi%ops /& to him z ! ,college ( ,apo/les /ood to ,/4 ,pet]3 in/ead ( ?is1 :i* is ! ,*ur*'s div9e hi]>*y1 in/itut$ by ,*ri/ ,himself1 ! actual ,roman ,*ur* is gov]n$ by "o ,bi%op :o has an apo/olical indep5d5t p[]1 :il/ all ! re/1 :o %\ld be 8 bre?r51 are m]ely 8 delegates1 receiv+ f 8 h& ! inve/iture ( su* privileges z !y /ill reta94 ,if ,/4 ,gregory did n mean ?is by ! t]ms ',solus ,sac]dos1' ',univ]sus ,episcopus1' :at did he mean8 ,t ! ,pope %\ld be ! only ,prie/ :o (f]$ sacrifice1 or ! only ,bi%op :o orda9$1 confirm$1 c4 is physically impossible4 ,nor did ! title ( ! ,bi%ops ( ,con/ant9ople t5d to ?is3 b to claim to !mselves jurisdiction ov] ! co-ord9ate ,patri>*s ( ! ,ea/1 z ! ,popes h s9ce done ov] ! ,bi%ops ( ! :ole _w4 ,we h no ne$ to consid] :at is ! am\nt ( ?is difficulty to ,roman ,ca?olics !mselves3 ! same ,provid5ce :i* has plac$ !m "u t ob$i5ce1 has plac$ u outside ( x4 ,our cause1 inde$1 _c be diff]5t n[ f :at x 0 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! sep>ation4 ,if inh]5tly indef5sible !n1 x is s n[4 ,b if !n 'sev]e b j1' ! lapse ( ?ree c5turies 9 our sep>ate /ate may mat]ially affect our relative duties4 ,i affirm my conviction1 t x is bett] to endure almo/ any degree ( usurpation1 provid$ only x be n anti-,*ri/ian1 ?an to make a s*ism3 = ! /ate ( s*ism is a fru/ration ( ! purposes ( ! ,"l's ,inc>nation2 & ?r\gh ?is1 n only ! ,engli%1 & ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*1 b ! ,roman also1 lies fett]$ & p[]less be=e ! might ( ! _w1 & ble$+ int]nally at e pore4 ,h[ %all a divid$ ,*ur* meet & ov]come ! philosophical unbelief ( ^! la/ times8 or1 ! "o condition to :i* victory is atta*$ be+ brok51 cru% ! deadlie/ attack ( ! old enemy8 ,b ! s*ism is made2 let ^? answ] = x be=e ,*ri/'s tribunal :o made x4 ,n[ t x is made1 ,i see n h[ a sy/em1 :i* is n a true developm5t ( ! anci5t ,patri>*al con/itution1 b its antagoni/1 accord+ to ,/4 ,gregory's words1 c be =c$ ^u u1 on pa9 ( our salvation1 :o h ! orig9al succession ( ! anci5t ,bi%ops ( ?is realm1 if any su* !re be1 & ! old ,patri>*al con/itution1 'sua tantum si bona nor9t4' ,i gr\nd our pres5t position simply on ! appeal to tradition & ! fir/ six c5turies4 ,n t !re is any abrupt break 9 ! te/imony ( hi/ory !re2 b x is necess>y to put a limit some:]e4 ,o!rwise ! sev5? c5tury supplies u ) ! rem>kable fact ( ,pope ,honorius condemn$1 by ! six? ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil 9 #fha1 z hav+ conniv$ at & fav\r$ ! ,mono!lite h]esy1 condemn$ m ?an =ty ye>s aft] 8 dea?2 a fact :i* utt]ly de/roys ! new dogma ( ! infallibility ( ! "o ,roman ,pontiff by himself2 & :i* ,bell>m9e & ,b>onius c only meet by attempt+ to prove t ! acts ( ! six? ,c\ncil h be5 falsifi$1 ?\gh !y _h be5 receiv$ = g5u9e by ! sev5? & eigh? ,c\ncils1 & = n9e hundr$ ye>s2 & ! lett] ( ,/4 ,leo1 imm$iately aft] t ,c\ncil1 falsifi$ also1 9 :i* he condemns ! ,mono!lites1 & among/ !m ,honorius1 :o did n adorn ?is ,apo/olical ,see ) ! doctr9e h&$ d[n f ! ,apo/les1 b endeav\r$ to subv]t ! undefil$ fai? by a pr(ane tradition4 ,! condemnation ( ! ,c\ncil runs z foll[s3--,hav+ exam9$ ! lett]s ( ,s]gius ( ,con/ant9ople to ,cyrus1 & ! answ] ( ,honorius to ,s]gius1 & hav+ f\nd !m to be repugnant to ! doctr9e ( ! ,apo/les1 & to ! op9ion ( all ! ,fa!rs1 9 execrat+ _! impi\s dogmas1 we judge t _! v names ought to be bani%$ f ! ,holy ,*ur* ( ,god2 we decl>e !m to be smitt5 ) ana!ma2 &1 toge!r ) !m1 we judge t ,honorius1 =m]ly ,pope ( anci5t ,rome1 be ana!matiz$1 s9ce we f9d1 9 8 lett] to ,s]gius1 t he foll[s 9 all respects 8 error1 & au?orizes 8 impi\s doctr9e4#adg ,x appe>s1 likewise1 t z ! lett] ( ,/4 ,cyril 0 read & approv$ 9 ! ?ird ,c\ncil1 & t ( ,pope ,/4 ,leo 9 ! f\r?1 s t ( ,pope ,/4 ,aga?on 0 read & approv$ 9 ! six?1 & t ( ,pope ,adrian ! ,fir/ 9 ! sev5?1 ,a4,d4 #ghg4 ,b "h x may be well to give ,bossuet's summ>y4 ,?is tradition 7i4e4 t ! supreme au?ority 9 ! ,*ur* resides 9 ! cons5t ( ! ,bi%ops7 we h se5 to come d[n f ! ,apo/les1 & desc5d to ! fir/ eight ,g5]al ,c\ncils2 :i* eight ,g5]al ,c\ncils are ! f\ndation ( ! :ole ,*ri/ian doctr9e & discipl9e1 ( :i* ! ,*ur* v5]ates ! fir/ f\r1 9 ,/4 ,gregory's words1 no less ?an ! f\r ,gospels4 ,nor is less rev]5ce due to ! re/1 z1 guid$ by ! same ,_s1 !y h a l au?ority4 ,:i* eight ,c\ncils1 ) a great & unanim\s cons5t1 h plac$ ! f9al p[] ( giv+ decisions 9 no?+ else b 9 ! cons5t ( ! ,fa!rs4 ,( :i* ! six la/ h legitimately exam9$ ! s5t5ce ( ! ,roman ,pontiff ev5 giv5 ^u ,fai?1 & t ) ! approval ( ! ,apo/olic ,see1 ! "q be+ put 9 ?is =m1 z we read 9 ! ,acts--',are ^! decrees "r1 or n8' ,b we h se5 t ! judgm5t ( a ,g5]al ,c\ncil nev] 0 s reconsid]$1 b t all imm$iately yield$ ob$i5ce to x4 ,nor 0 a new inquiry ev] grant$ to anyone aft] t exam9ation1 b puni%m5t ?reat5$4 ,?us act$ ,con/ant9e2 ?us ,m>cian2 ?us ,coele/9e2 ?us ,leo2 ?us all ! re/1 z we h se5 9 ! ,acts4 ,! ,*ri/ian _w ha? ackn[l$g$ ?is to be c]ta9 & indubitable4 ,to ?is we may add ! te/imony ( ! admirable ,pope ,/4 ,gelasius3 ',a good & truly ,*ri/ian ,c\ncil once held1 nei!r c nor ought to be unsettl$ by ! repetition ( a new ,c\ncil4' ,& aga93 ',!re is no cause :y a good ,c\ncil %\ld be reconsid]$ by ano!r ,c\ncil1 le/ ! m]e reconsid]ation %\ld detract f ! /r5g? ( its decrees4' ,?us :at has receiv$ ! f9al & c]ta9 judgm5t ( ! ,*ur*1 is n to be reconsid]$2 = t judgm5t ( ! ,holy ,_s is rev]s$1 :5ev] x is reconsid]$ by a fre% judgm5t4 ,b ! judgm5t put =? by a ,roman ,pontiff is su*1 t x has be5 reconsid]$4 ,x is n !re=e t ultimate & f9al judgm5t ( ! ,*ur*4 ,nor is t s5t5ce ( ,gregory ! ,great less cle>1 comp>+ ! f\r ,g5]al ,c\ncils to ! f\r ,gospels1 ) ! reason giv52 ',because be+ decre$ by univ]sal cons5t1 :oev] presumes ei!r to loose :at !y b9d1 or b9d :at !y loose1 de/roys n !m b himself4' ,s !n our "q is t]m9at$ by ! tradition ( ! anci5t ,c\ncils & ,fa!rs4 ,all %\ld cons5t to ! p[] ( ! ,roman ,pontiff1 z expla9$ accord+ to ! decree ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,flor5ce1 aft] ! practice ( ,g5]al ,c\ncils4 ,! va/ diff]5ce betwe5 ! judgm5t ( a ,c\ncil & ( a ,pontiff is evid5t1 s9ce aft] t ( ! ,c\ncil no "q rema9s1 b only ! ob$i5ce ( ! m9d br\ght into captivity2 b t ( ! ,pontiff is ^u exam9ation approv$1 room be+ giv5 to object1--:i* 0 to be prov$4#adh ,"h ! real "q at issue is1 :e!r ! ,bi%op ( ,rome be ,fir/ ,bi%op1 or ,mon>*1 ( ! ,*ur*4 ,n[1 ,i h endeav\r$ to del9eate1 f ! ,fa!rs & f ,c\ncils1 :at ! true ,primacy ( ! ,roman ,see is4 ,:at is n[ requir$ f u to admit z t]ms ( communion is--,t ! ord9>y jurisdiction ( ,bi%ops desc5ds imm$iately f ! ,pope2 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,*ur* is mon>*ical1 !re=e all au?ority resides 9 "o1 & f him is d]iv$ unto ! re/2 !re is a great diff]5ce betwe5 ! succession to ,pet] & t to ! re/ ( ! ,apo/les2 = ! ,roman ,pontiff prop]ly succe$s ,pet] n z ,apo/le1 b z ord9>y ,pa/or ( ! :ole ,*ur*2 & !re=e ! ,roman ,pontiff has jurisdiction f ,him f :om ,pet] _h x3 b ,bi%ops d n prop]ly succe$ ! ,apo/les1 z ! ,apo/les 7 n ord9>y1 b extraord9>y1 &1 z x 71 delegat$ ,pa/ors1 to :om !re is no succession4 ,bi%ops1 h[ev]1 are said to succe$ ! ,apo/les1 n prop]ly 9 t mann] 9 :i* "o ,bi%op succe$s ano!r1 & "o k+ ano!r1 b 9 ano!r way1 :i* is two-fold4 ,fir/1 9 respect ( ! holy ,ord] ( ! ,episcopate2 secondly1 f a c]ta9 resemblance & proportion3 t is1 z :5 ,*ri/ liv$ on e>?1 ! twelve ,apo/les 7 ! fir/ "u ,*ri/1 !n ! sev5ty-two ,disciples3 s n[ ! ,bi%ops are fir/ "u ! ,roman ,pontiff1 aft] !m ,prie/s1 !n ,deacons1 c4 ,b x is prov$ t ,bi%ops succe$ to ! ,apo/les s1 & n o!rwise2 = !y h no "p ( ! true ,apo/olic au?ority4 ,apo/les c\ld prea* 9 ! :ole _w1 & f\nd ,*ur*es 444 ?is _c ,bi%ops4 444 ,bi%ops succe$ to ! ,apo/les 9 ! same mann] z ,prie/s to ! sev5ty-two ,disciples4#adi ,aga93 ,b1 if ! ,supreme ,pontiff be comp>$ ) ! re/ ( ! ,bi%ops1 he is des]v$ly said to possess ! pl5itude ( p[]1 because ! re/ h fix$ regions ov] :i* !y preside1 & also a fix$ p[]2 b he is set ov] ! :ole ,*ri/ian _w1 & possesses1 9 its complet5ess & pl5itude1 t p[] :i* ,*ri/ left on e>? = ! good ( ! ,*ur*4#aej ,he proce$s to prove ?is by ^? passages ( ,scripture3--',?\ art ,pet]1' c42 ',fe$ my %eep1' c42 :i* we h se5 ,/4 ,augu/9 expla9+ z said to ,/4 ,pet] 9 ! p]son ( ! ,*ur*1 :ile he expressly d5ies t !y are said to him m]ely z an individual4 ,^! keys n "o man b ! unity ( ! ,*ur* receiv$3 he 0 n ! only "o among ! ,disciples :o 0 ?\ght wor?y to fe$ ! ,"l's %eep1 c4 ,:at ,bell>m9e "h says1 is1 assur$ly1 bo? ! true ,roman view1 & moreov] absolutely necess>y to ju/ify t ,*ur* 9 ! attitude %e assumes & ! measures %e au?orizes t[>ds o!r p>ts ( ! ,*ur*4 ,& if x be ! anci5t ,ca?olic doctr9e1 x does ju/ify h]4 ,t x is n ! anci5t doctr9e1 ,i ?9k ,i h already %[n2 b let u he> :at ,bossuet says ( x4 ,"o objection ( !irs rema9s to be expla9$1 t ,bi%ops borr[ _! p[] & jurisdiction f ! ,roman ,pontiff1 & !re=e1 al?\gh unit$ ) him 9 an ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil1 c d no?+ aga9/ ! root & s\rce ( _! own au?ority1 b are only pres5t z 8 ,c\nsellors2 & t ! =ce ( ! decree1 z well 9 matt]s ( fai? z 9 o!r matt]s1 lies 9 ! p[] ( ! ,roman ,pontiff4 ,:i* fiction falls ( itself to ! gr\nd1 ev5 f ?is1 t x 0 unhe>d ( 9 ! e>ly ages1 & began to be introduc$ into !ology 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury2 t is1 aft] m5 pref]r$ g5]ally to act ^u philosophical reason+s1 & ^? v bad1 be=e consult+ ! ,fa!rs4#aea ,b to ?is innovation is oppos$1 fir/1 :at is relat$ 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les respect+ t ,c\ncil ( ,apo/les1 :i* ! lett] ( ,/4 ,coele/9e to ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus1 & ! proce$+s ( ! fif? ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil1 prov$ to be z x 7 repeat$ & repres5t$ 9 all o!r ,c\ncils4 ,b if any "o says t1 9 ?is ,c\ncil1 ! ,apo/les 7 n set by ,*ri/ to be true judges1 b to be ! c\nsellors ( ,pet]1 he is too ridicul\s4#aeb ,secondly1 is oppos$ t fact :i* we h prov$1 t ! decrees & judgm5ts ( ,roman ,pontiffs de fide 7 susp5d$ by ! convocation ( an ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil1 7 reconsid]$ by its au?ority1 & 7 only approv$ & confirm$ aft] exam9ation made & judgm5t giv54 ,:i* ?+s und\bt$ly prove t !y sat !re n z c\nsellors ( ! ,pope1 b z judges ( ,papal decrees4 ,& !y mu/ inde$ be legitimately call$ toge!r1 t !y may n meet tumultu\sly2 b1 :5 once call$ toge!r1 !y judge by ! au?ority ( ! ,holy ,_s1 n ( ! ,pope3 !y pron\nce ana!mas1 n by au?ority ( ! ,pope1 b ( ,*ri/2 & we h se5 ?is s (t5 press$ ^u u by ! ,acts1 t we are we>y ( repeat+ x4 ,add to ?is t expression ( ! fir/ ,c\ncil ( ,arles to ,/4 ,sylve/]3 ',_h y judg$ toge!r ) u1 our assembly _h exult$ ) great] joy3' & 9 ! v head+ ( ! ,c\ncil to ! same ,sylve/]3 ',:at we h decre$ ) common cons5t1 we signify to y\r *>ity4' ,rely+ !n on ?is au?ority ( _! ,prie/hood1 !y judge conc]n+ mo/ important matt]s2 t is1 ! obs]vation ( ! ,"l's passov]1 t x may be kept on "o day all ov] ! _w3 conc]n+ ! non-it]ation ( ,baptism1 & ! discipl9e ( ! ,*ur*es4 ,in/ances ( ?is k9d occur ev]y:]e4 ,b x is a kn[n fact1 t ev5 by p>ticul> ,c\ncils1 :]e ! ,pope presid$1 8 decrees1 ev5 :5 pres5t1 7 exam9$ & confirm$ by cons5t2 ! ,fa!rs equally ) him judg$1 decre$1 def9$1 & we h se5 ?is a ?\s& times writt5 on ! ,acts4 ,b 9 a matt] s cle>1 !y h only "o ?+ to object drawn out ( antiquity1 ! say+ ( ,/4 ,innoc5t1 't ,pet] is ! au?or ( ! ,episcopal "n & hon\r4'#aec ,& aga91#aed ':5ce ! ,episcopate itself & all ! au?ority ( t "n sprung4' ,& ( ,/4 ,leo1#aee ',if he will$ t any?+ %\ld be enjoy$ by ! o!r heads 7t is1 ! ,apo/les7 9 common ) him 7,pet]71 he nev] gave save ?r\gh ,pet] :atev] he d5i$ n to ! re/4' ,& else:]e also1 't ,*ri/ grant$ to ! re/ ( ! ,apo/les ! m9i/ry ( prea*+ on ?is condition1 t he p\r$ into !m1 z into ! :ole body1 8 gifts f ,pet]1 z f ! head4'#aef ,:5ce also came t expression ( ,optatus ( ,milevi3 ',= ! good ( unity1 ! bless$ ,pet] 0 ?\ght wor?y to be pref]r$ to all ! ,apo/les1 & alone receiv$ ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav5 to be imp>t$ to ! re/1'#aeg--;& t ( ,gregory ( ,nyssa1 ',?r\gh ,pet] ,he gave to ! ,bi%ops ! keys ( heav5ly hon\rs4'#aeh ,& t ( ,/4 ,caes>ius ( ,arles to ,pope ,symma*us3 ',z f ! p]son ( ! bless$ ,apo/le ,pet] ! ,episcopate takes its beg9n+1 s is x necess>y t by suitable rules ( discipl9e y\r ,hol9ess %\ld pla9ly %[ to e ,*ur* :at !y ought to obs]ve4'#aei ,if !y pu% ^! & su* l expressions to ! utmo/1 !y w come to ass]t t ! ,apo/les 7 appo9t$ by ,pet]1 n by ,*ri/1 or by ,*ri/ ?r\gh ,pet]1 b n by ,him imm$iately & 9 p]son3 z if any o!r b ,*ri/ call$ ! ,apo/les1 s5t !m1 & endu$ !m ) heav5ly p[] by ! infusion ( ,8 ,_s2 & ,pet] & n ,*ri/ said3 ',g ye1 tea*1 prea*1 baptize1 receive1 &1 z ,my ,fa!r s5t me1 ev5 s s5d ,i y4' ,i am aw>e t ,john ( ,turrecremata1 & a few o!rs1 ?9k+ t ! words n[ quot$ ( ,/4 ,leo & o!rs _c be def5d$ by !m suffici5tly1 unless ! ,apo/les also receiv$ _! jurisdiction f ,/4 ,pet]1 h be5 hurri$ away ev5 into ?is folly1 aga9/ ! mo/ manife/ tru? ( ! ,gospel4 ,:i* fiction ,bell>m9e himself has confut$4 ,b ?is be+ ! greate/ absurdity1 x w appe> t :at foll[s is ! tea*+ ( ! ,fa!rs quot$4 ,fir/2 ! episcopal au?ority & jurisdiction is conta9$ 9 ! keys1 & 9 ! p[] ( b9d+ & loos+1 :i* is cle> ( itself4 ,secondly2 x is evid5t f ! ,gospel ,hi/ory t ,pet] 0 ! fir/ 9 :om t p[] 0 %[n =? & appo9t$4 ,=1 al?\gh ,*ri/ said to all ! ,apo/les1 ',receive ! ,holy ,gho/1' 7,john xx4 #bb17 & ':atsoev] ye b9d1' c41 ':atsoev] ye loose1' c4 7,matt1 xviii4 #ah72 yet1 :at ,he said to ,pet] _h gone be=e1 ',i w give to !e ! keys1' c4 7,matt4 xvi4 #ai74 ,?irdly2 bo? ^! two1 t is1 bo? :at 0 said to ,pet] & :at 0 said to ! ,apo/les1 proce$ equally f ,*ri/3 = ,he :o said to ,pet]1 ',i w give to !e1' & ',:atsoev] ?\ %alt b9d1' said also to ! ,apo/les1 ',receive ye1' & ',:atsoev] ye %all b9d4' ,f\r?ly2 t is !re=e true :i* ,optatus says ( ,pet]3 ',= ! good ( unity1 he alone receiv$ ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav51 to be imp>t$ to ! re/4' ,=1 9 tru?1 ^! :i* 7 giv5 to ,pet] 9 ! #af? ,matt4 7 to be imp>t$ aft]w>ds to ! ,apo/les1 ,matt4 #ah?1 & ,john #bj?1 b to be imp>t$ n by ,pet]1 b by ,*ri/1 z is cle>4 ,fif?ly2 t also is true :i* ,caes>ius says1 ',! ,episcopate takes its beg9n+ f ,pet]3' he be+ ! fir/ 9 :om1 ?r\gh ! m9i/ry ( b9d+ & loos+1 ! ,episcopal p[] 0 %[n =?1 begun1 entru/$4' ,six?ly2 h5ce1 also1 is true :at ,innoc5t says1--'t ! ,episcopate1 & all ! au?ority ( t "n1 sprung f ,pet]1' because he1 fir/ ( all1 0 appo9t$ or set =? z ,bi%op4 ,sev5?ly2 = ?is cause1 ,pet] is call$ by ! same ,innoc5t ! au?or ( ! ,episcopate2 n t he in/itut$ x1--n t ! ,apo/les receiv$ ! p[] ( b9d+ & loos+ f him1--= ! ,scriptures ev]y:]e exclaim aga9/ ?is2 b t f him 0 made ! beg9n+ ( e/abli%+ t p[] among m51 & ( appo9t+ or m>k+ out ! ,episcopate4 ,eigh?ly2 to make ?is cle>]1 & t x may be easily p]ceiv$ :at means t expression1 '?r\gh ,pet]1' :i* we read 9 ,leo1 we mu/ review ! tradition ( ! anci5t ,*ur*1 drawn f ! ,scriptures !mselves4 ,x is pla91 !n1 t :5 ! ,"l ask$ ! ,apo/les1 ',:om say m5 t ,i1 ! ,son ( ,man1 am8' ,pet]1 ! *ief ( all1 answ]$ 9 ! p]son ( all1 ',?\ art ! ,*ri/3' & aft]w>ds ,*ri/ said to ,pet]1 ?us repres5t+ !m1 ',i w give to !e1'--',:atsoev] ?\ %alt b9d3' by :i* x appe>s t 9 ^! words1 n ,pet] only1 b 9 ,pet]1 _! *ief1 & answ]+ = all1 all ! ,apo/les & _! successors 7 endu$ ) ! ,episcopal p[] & jurisdiction4 ,all :i* ,augu/9 includes :5 he writes1 ',all be+ ask$1 ,pet] alone answ]$1 ,?\ art ,*ri/1 & to him is said1 ,i w give to !e1 c41 z if he alone receiv$ ! p[] ( b9d+ & loos+1 ! case really be+1 t he said t s+ly = all1 & receiv$ ?is toge!r ) all1 z repres5t+ unity4'#afj ,?an :i* no?+ c be cle>]4 ,he !n quotes passages f ,/4 ,cyprian & ,/4 ,augu/91 :i* ,i h already br\ght2 add+1 ,9 ,pet]1 !re=e1 s+ly1 ,cyprian ackn[l$ges t all ,bi%ops 7 in/itut$1 & n )\t reason2 ! ,episcopate1 z he ev]y:]e atte/s1 be+ "o 9 ! :ole _w1 0 in/itut$ 9 "o4 ,& ?is 0 done to e/abli% '! orig9 ( unity beg9n+ f "o1' z he says4 ,b mo/ ( all does ,augu/9 set =? & inculcate ! common tradition4 ,=1 n cont5t ) hav+ said t once 9 ! place above m5tion$1 he is v full 9 sett+ =? ?is view ( t doctr9e4 ,h5ce he says1 ',9 ,pet] 0 ! sacram5t ( ! ,*ur*2' & o!r passages ,i h already quot$4 ,:5ce1 ev]y:]e 9 8 books aga9/ ! ,donati/s1 he says1 ',! keys are giv5 to ,unity4' ,! sum1 !n1 is ?is4 ,! ,apo/les & ,pa/ors ( ,*ur*es be+ bo? "o & _m1--"o1 9 ecclesia/ical communion1 z !y fe$ "o flock2 _m1 be+ di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! :ole _w1 & hav+ allott$ to !m ea* _! own "p ( ! "o flock2 !re=e1 p[] 0 giv5 to !m by a two-fold ratification ( ,*ri/3 fir/1 t !y may be "o1 9 ,pet] _! *ief1 be>+ ! figure & ! p]son ( unity1 to :i* has ref]5ce t say+ 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 ',i w give to !e1' & ',:atsoev] ?\ %all b9d1' c43 secondly1 t !y may be _m1 to :i* t has ref]5ce 9 ! plural numb]1 ',receive ye1' & ',:atsoev] ye %all b9d3' b bo?1 p]sonally & imm$iately f ,*ri/2 s9ce ,he :o said1 ',i w give to !e1' z to "o1 also said1 ',receive ye1' z to _m3 nev]!less1 t say+ came fir/1 9 :i* p[] is giv5 to all1 9 t !y are "o3 because ,*ri/ will$ t unity1 mo/ ( all1 %\ld be recomm5d$ 9 ,8 ,*ur*4 ,by ?is all is made cle>2 n only ,bi%ops1 b also ,apo/les1 h receiv$ ! keys & ! p[] f ,*ri/1 9 ,pet]1 &1 9 _! mann]1 ?r\gh ,pet]1 :o1 9 ! "n ( all1 receiv$ t = all1 z be>+ ! figure & ! p]son ( all4 ,he !n %[s t ?is tradition _h gone d[n ev5 to 8 own times3 ,?is holy & apo/olic doctr9e ( ! ,episcopal jurisdiction & p[] proce$+ imm$iately f1 & in/itut$ by1 ,*ri/1 ! ,gallic ,*ur* ha? mo/ zeal\sly reta9$4 ,!re=e1#afa t v late inv5tion1 t ,bi%ops receive _! jurisdiction f ! ,pope1 & are1 z x 71 vic>s ( him1 ought to be bani%$ f ,*ri/ian s*ools1 z unhe>d ( = twelve c5turies4 ,x is precisely ?is v late inv5tion :i* is urg$ aga9/ ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,unless ?is be true1 h] position 9 itself1 suppos+ h] to be cle> ( h]esy1 ) :i*1 at pres5t1 ,i h no?+ to d1 is impregnable4 ,su* is ! mo/ ,ca?olic int]pretation by :i* ,bossuet sets 9 h>mony ) ! tea*+ ( all antiquity a few expressions1 :i* are all t ,i h be5 able to f9d t are ev5 capable ( be+ =c$ into accordance ) ! pres5t ,papal sy/em1 & :i*1 z soon z !y are s =c$1 contradict ! :ole hi/ory ( ,c\ncils1 & ! :ole life ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s ,fa!rs4 ,n[ !re is no d\bt t ,bell>m9e's doctr9e is ! true logical developm5t ( ! ,papal ,!ory2 x alone has consi/5cy & complet5ess2 x alone is ! adequate expression ( t prodigi\s p[] :i* 0 all[$ to en?rone itself 9 ! ,*ur* dur+ ! middle ages2 x w\ld fa9 acc\nt = x & ju/ify x4 ,grant b its po/ulate1 t ! ,pope is ! sole vic> ( ,*ri/1 & all :i* x requires mu/ foll[4 ,on ! o!r h&1 t s*ool :i* ranks ,bossuet at its head1 & :i* s\ght to limit1 9 "s degree1 by ! ,canons ! p[] ( ! ,roman ,pontiff1 & ma9ta9$ t ,bi%ops 71 jure div9o1 successors ( ! ,apo/les1 9 a real1 n 9 a fictiti\s s5se1 h[ev] well-f\nd$ 9 :at x ma9ta9$ on ! "o side1 0 c]ta9ly inconsi/5t4 ,x gave ei!r too mu* or too little to ! ,roman ,see2--too mu*1 if its own decl>ations ab\t ! succession ( ,bi%ops & ! au?ority ( ,g5]al ,c\ncils be true1 & f\nd$ 9 antiquity1 z we believe2 too little1 if ! ,pope be inde$ ! only ,vic> ( ,*ri/ on e>?1 & ! supreme ,rul] ( ,8 ,*ur*2 = !n ^! maxims put _! p>tisans v ne>ly into ! position ( rebels1 &1 9 tru?1 br\ght ! ,gallican ,*ur* to ! br9k ( a s*ism1 9 #afhb4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 t s*ool is ext9ct2 ! ultramontane !ory alone has n[ life & vig\r 9 ! ,roman ,*ur*4 ,x seems to absorb into itself all e>ne/ & self-d5y+ m9ds1 :ile ! o!r is left to t trea*]\s cons]vatism :i* w\ld use ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ z a sy/em ( police1 = ! security ( worldly int]e/s4 ,:at ! ultramontane !ory is1 we see f ,bell>m9e4 ,x proclaims t ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,*ur* is a mon>*y1 conc5trat+ 9 "o p]son all ! p[]s be/[$ by ,*ri/ ^u ! ,apo/les4 ,9 ?is ! /ud5t ( hi/ory is b\nd to decl>e t x /&s 9 po9t-blank contradiction to ! decrees ( ,g5]al ,c\ncils1 to ! s5tim5ts ( ! ,fa!rs1 & ! :ole practice ( ! ,*ur* = ! fir/ six hundr$ ye>s2 = mu* long] inde$ ?an ?is1 b ?is is en\gh4 ,well may ,bossuet ask1 if ! infallible au?ority ( ! ,roman ,pontiff is ( =ce by itself be=e ! cons5t ( ! ,*ur*1--to :at purpose 0 x t ,bi%ops %\ld be summon$ f ! f>!/ regions ( ! e>?1 at ! co/ ( su* fatigues & exp5se1 & ,*ur*es be depriv$ ( _! ,pa/ors1 if ! :ole p[] resid$ 9 ! ,roman ,pontiff8 ,if :at he believ$ or taught 0 imm$iately ! supreme & irrevocable law1 :y did he n himself pron\nce s5t5ce8 ,or if he pron\nc$ x1 :y are ,bi%ops call$ toge!r & we>i$ out1 to d aga9 :at is already done1 & to pass a judgm5t on ! supreme judgm5t ( ! ,*ur*8 ,w\ld n ?is be fruitless8 ,b all ,*ri/ians h imbib$ ) _! fai? ! conviction1 t1 9 important diss5sions1 ! :ole ,*ur* ought to be convok$ & he>d4 ,all !re=e und]/& t ! c]ta91 delib]ate1 & complete decl>ation ( ! tru? is seat$ n 9 ! ,pope alone1 b 9 ! ,*ur* spread ev]y:]e4#afb ,?is too is c]ta91 t :5 ,g5]al ,c\ncils h be5 hold51 ! s5t5ce ( ! ,roman ,pontiff has g5]ally prec$$ !m2 = und\bt$ly ,cele/9e1 ,leo1 ,aga?o1 ,gregory ! ,second1 ,adrian ! ,fir/1 _h pron\nc$ s5t5ce1 :5 ! ?ird1 f\r?1 six?1 sev5? ,c\ncils 7 held4 ,:at 0 desir$ !re=e 01 n a ,c\ncil = ! ,pontiff ab\t to give judgm5t1 b1 aft] he _h giv5 judgm5t1 ! =ce ( a c]ta9 & insup]able au?ority4 ,9 fact1 on ?is !ory1 z we h se5 above1 ,/4 ,cyprian1 ,/4 ,firmilian1 ,/4 ,hil>y ( ,arles1 ! ,african ,bi%ops 9 #dbf1 ! ,fa!rs ( ,*alc$on 9 #dea1 9 pass+ _! fam\s #bh? ,canon1 ! ,fa!rs ( ,ephesus 9 #dca1 9 pass+ _! #h?1 ! ,fa!rs ( ,con/ant9ople 9 #cha1 9 pass+ _! #b;d & #c;d ,canons1 & 9 ! synodal lett] address$ to ! ,pope & ! ,we/]n ,bi%ops1 ! ,fa!rs ( ,nicea1 9 pass+ _! #f?1 nay1 all anci5t ,c\ncils :atev]1 9 all _! =m & mode ( proce$+1 7 ! mo/ audaci\s ( rebels4 ,b :at are we to say ab\t ! language ( ,/4 ,gregory8 ,did he !n betray ^? rights ( ,/4 ,pet]1 :i* he held de>] ?an 8 life8 ,:5 he wrote to ,eulogius ( ,alex&ria1 ,if y\r ,hol9ess calls me ,univ]sal ,pope1 y d5y t y are y\rself :at y admit me to be--univ]sal4 ,b ?is ,god =bid3 are we to receive ,?omass9's explanation1 t he meant1 z ,patri>*1 he 0 n univ]sal1 b1 z ,pope1 he 01 all ! "t8 or :5 he says to ! same1 9 rank y are my bro!r1 9 "* my fa!r1 0 ,eulogius at ! same "t1 z ,bell>m9e w h x1 m]ely 8 deputy8 ,9 ! beg9n+1 ,pet] set up ! ,patri>* ( ,alex&ria1 & ( ,antio*1 :o1 receiv+ au?ority f ! ,pontiff 7( ,rome71 presid$ ov] almo/ all ,asia & ,africa1 & c\ld create ,ar*bi%ops1 :o c\ld aft]w>ds create ,bi%ops4#afc ,& ?is1 x appe>s1 is ! key :i* is to be appli$ to ! :ole hi/ory ( ! e>ly ,*ur*4 ,^? ,bi%ops1 ,metropolitans1 ,ex>*s1 & ,patri>*s1 ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/1 :o _h su* a conviction ( ! ,apo/olic au?ority resid+ 9 !mselves z gov]nors ( ! ,*ur*1 :o %[$ x 9 e ,c\ncil 9 :i* !y sat1 :o express$ x s freely 9 _! writ+s & lett]s3 ,/4 ,augu/91 aga91 9 ! ,we/1 himself a ho/1 :o speaks ( a cause decid$ by ! ,roman ,pontiff be+ rehe>d1 ( ! :olesome au?ority ( ,g5]al ,c\ncils1 :o ass5ts to ,/4 ,cyprian's proposition1 t e ,bi%op c no m be judg$ by ano!r1 ?an he himself c judge ano!r1 ) ! s+le limitation1 c]ta9ly1 ,i imag9e1 9 ^? que/ions :i* h n yet be5 ?or\ghly & completely settl$2 :o1 9 a "q ( disput$ succession1 :i* m ?an any o!r requir$ su* a tribunal z ! ,papal1 _h x exi/$1 appeals n to ! au?ority ( ! ,roman ,see1 b to ! te/imony ( ! :ole ,*ur* spread ev]y:]e1 n m5tion+ t ,see pre-em95tly2 or :5 he does m5tion ! ,see ( ,pet]1 9 :i* ,ana/asius n[ sits1 m5tion+ likewise ! ,see ( ,james1 9 :i* ,john n[ sits3--all ^! 7 no?+ m1 at ! same "t1 ?an ! ,pope's delegates1 & receiv$ ?r\gh him _! jurisdiction4 ,c a claim be true :i* is driv5 to %ifts su* z ?is = its ma9t5ance8 ,or c ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity & ! unity ( ! ,*ur* re/ ^u a falsehood8 ,is infidelity itself 9 su* a hopeful position1#afd z reg>ds ,*ri/ianity1 t x is really come to ?is1 t we mu/ ei!r receive a pla9 & manife/ usurpation1 or be ca/ out ( ! h\se & k+dom ( ,god8 ,t we mu/ reject ! witness & hi/ory ( ! fir/ six hundr$ ye>s ( ! ,*ur*'s life on ! "o h&1 or be plung$ into ! abyss ( infidelity on ! o!r8 ,if x be true t ! ,pope is ,mon>* ( ! ,*ur*1 :i* is ! pres5t ,papal !ory1 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& is 9 s*ism4 ,if x be n true1 %e is at lea/ cle> ( t fatal m>k4 ,all t is requir$ = h] position is ! ma9t5ance ( t ,nic5e ,con/itution :i* we h he>d ,/4 ,leo solemnly decl>e 0 to la/ to ! end ( ! _w1 viz4 t e prov9ce ( ! ,*ur* be gov]n$ by its own ,bi%ops "u its own ,metropolitan4 ,& :o !n b w desire t ! successor ( ,/4 ,pet] %\ld hold ,/4 ,pet]'s place8 ,w ! ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople1 or ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,mosc[1 or ! ,primate ( ,cant]bury1 s mu* z ?9k ( assum+ x8 ,be ?is our answ] :5 we are accus$ ( n really hold+ t article ( ! ,cre$ "o ,ca?olic & ,apo/olic ,*ur*4 ,let ! ,bi%op ( ,rome require ( u t hon\r & p[] :i* he possess$ at ! ,synod ( ,*alc$on1 t1 & n a totally diff]5t "o "u ! same "n1 & we %all be 9 s*ism :5 we d n yield x4 ,at pres5t we h no f>!r sep>at$ f him ?an to fall back on ! con/itution ( ! ,*ur* ( ! ,m>tyrs & ! ,fa!rs4 ,b1 x may be said1 is ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* unanim\s on ! "o h&1 & ! ,anglican communion1 re/rict$ to "o small prov9ce1 left alone 9 h] prote/ on ! o!r8 ,did n %e1 :om !y w\ld call ! already decrepit rebel ( ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 submit f #eif to #aecd to t v au?ority :i* %e n[ d5ies8 ,x w\ld be q beyond my pres5t limits to trace1 z ,i _h fir/ purpos$1 ! ,roman ,bi%op's p[] f t po9t at :i* x /ood :5 ,/4 ,gregory s5t our ,apo/le ,augu/9 into ,engl&1 to t po9t :i* x _h rea*$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & :i* x /rove to ma9ta9 9 ! sixte5?4 ,i c only n[ v briefly po9t out a few ( ! /eps 9 t mo/ wond]ful rise4 ,! two c5turies1 !n1 :i* succe$$ ,/4 ,gregory1 7 ev5 m fav\rable to ?is gr[? ?an ^? :i* w5t be=e4 ,:ile ! confusion & viol5ce ( secul> gov]nm5ts by ! break+ 9 & settlem5t ( ! v>i\s nor!rn tribes 7 great] ?an ev]1--:ile ! ecclesia/ical con/itution 0 all t yet held toge!r ! scatt]$ portions ( ! %att]$ ,we/]n empire--! s+le ,apo/olical ,see ( ! ,we/1 ^: ,bi%op 0 9 con/ant correspond5ce ) ! spiritual rul]s ( ^! v>i\s c\ntries1 ^: voice 0 ev] & anon he>d /riv+ to w9 & s(t5 into m]cy & ju/ice ^? temporal rul]s1 w\ld be1 z x 71 a light %9+ 9 a d>k place4 ,! ,bi%ops1 ev]y:]e mis]ably afflict$ by _! own sov]eigns1 f\nd a /ay & support 9 "o beyond ! rea* ( ! feudal "l's viol5ce4 ,! b5efit !y ?us d]iv$ f ! ,roman ,patri>* 0 s great1 t !y w\ld be dispos$ to ov]look ! gradual *ange :i* 0 ensu+ 9 ! relation betwe5 !mselves & him1 ! def]5ce :i* 0 deep5+ into subjection4 ,or1 if "h & !re1 :at ,leo w\ld h call$ a presumptu\s _s1 su* z ,h9cm> ( ,rheims1 or our own ,grossetete1 9 aft] times1 set himself aga9/ ! /ream1 x w\ld all be 9 va94 ,h[ev] good 8 cause might be1 if he did n yield1 he w\ld be beat5 d[n l ,/4 ,hil>y ( ,arles4 ,moreov]1 z ! great h]esy ( ,mahomet invad$ & hemm$ 9 ?ree ( ! ,patri>*al ,sees ( ! ,ea/1 _! c\nt]poise to ! orig9ally great influ5ce ( ! ,roman ,see 0 remov$4 ,political sep>ation f ! ,ea/1 & ! difficulty ( communication1 w\ld ( !mselves greatly t5d to ?is result4 ,to ?is mu/ be add$ ! great increase ( p[] :i* ! h\se ( ,*>lemagne1 = _! own political purposes1 be/[$ on ! ,roman ,see2 x 0 wor? :ile build+ up a pop$om = an imp]ial cr[n4 ,de ,mai/re says1 ,! ,popes reign s9ce ! n9? c5tury at lea/4#afe ,b x is a some:at naive confession1 ,! ,fr5* _h ! s+ul> hon\r1 "o ( :i* !y h n be5 at all suffici5tly pr\d1 ( hav+ set up1 humanly1 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ! _w1 by rais+ its augu/ head to ! rank indisp5sably due to 8 div9e functions2 & )\t :i* he w\ld only h be5 a ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople1 mis]able puppet ( ,*ri/ian sultans1 & ,musulman autocrats4 ,j1 too1 :5 x 0 mo/ difficult to detect impo/ure1 & to ref] to ! acts ( anci5t ,c\ncils1 t s+ul> c\nt]feit ( ! false decretals made its appe>ance1 :i* s wond]fully help$ ! ,roman ,patri>*s 9 consolidat+ ! manifold /ructure ( _! au?ority4 ,?is1 inde$1 assail$ ! ,bi%ops ( ! ,we/ by _! mo/ rev]5tial feel+s1 & add$ to ! =ce ( a great pres5t au?ority1 almo/ always b5eficially ex]cis$1 ! weight ( :at seem$ an ,apo/olical tradition4 ,besides ^! causes1 ! ,popes f\nd 9 ! sev]al mona/ic ord]s ?r\gh\t ,europe ! mo/ unceas+ & en]getic pione]s ( _! p[]4 ,f ! v fir/ !re appe>s to h exi/$ a desire to ex*ange ! pres5t sup]9t5d5ce ( ! local ,bi%op = ! di/ant au?ority ( ! ,pope4 ,! great ord]s1 inde$1 7 !mselves s _m susp5sions ( ! ,episcopal sy/em4 ,) reason d ! /atues ( _! f\nd]s adorn ! nave ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 n only z witnesses ( ! ,*ur*'s exub]ant life1 b z ^? ^: h&s1 m ?an any o!rs1 h help$ to re> t colossal c5tral p[]1 ( :i* t fane is ! visible symbol4 ,?us ! ,papal /ructure 0 s gradually built ^u ! ,patri>*al1 t no "o age c\ld accurately m>k :]e ! "o end$ & ! o!r began1 b all may see ! f9i%$ "w4 ,x requires no microscopic eye to di/+ui% ! au?ority ( ,/4 ,leo or ,/4 ,gregory f t ( ,/4 ,innoc5t ! ,?ird4 ,! poet spake ( a phantom :at is true ( a great reality3-- ,mobilitate viget1 viresque acquirit eundo1 ,+r$iturque solo1 et caput int] nubila condit4 ,t p[]1 = :i* ! h]oic & sa9tly ,hildebr& di$ 9 exile1#aff if exile !re c\ld be to him :o receiv$ ! hea!n = 8 inh]itance1 & ! utmo/ p>ts ( ! e>? = 8 possession2 = :i* our own ,/4 ,anselm1 =c$ aga9/ 8 w to ! ,primacy1 /ood unquail+ 9 ! pa? ( ! ,r$ ,k+1 mo/ furi\s1 if n ! wor/1 ( t savage race1 ^: demon wra? seem$ to ju/ify ! fable ( _! orig92 = :i* ,/4 ,b]n>d1 ! la/ ( ! ,fa!rs 9 age1 b equal to ! fir/ 9 glory1 wrote & lab\r$1 & wore himself out ) vigils1 & wr\ght miracles2 = :i* our own ,/4 ,?omas %$ t noble blood1 :i* sanctifies yet our primatial ,*ur*1 an e>ne/ ( re/oration & fre$om to come2 t p[]1 = :i* ,/4 ,francis1 ! sp\se ( holy pov]ty1 s long neglect$ s9ce h] ,fir/ ,husb& asc5d$ up on high1 & ,/4 ,dom9ic-- l' amoroso drudo ,della f$e ,cri/iana1 il santo atleta1 ,b5igno a' suoi1 ed a' nemici crudo2#afg & "o great] yet1 ! w>rior sa9t1 ,ignatius1 rais$ _! myriads ( e age & ( bo? sexes1 arm$ 9 t triple mail ( pov]ty1 *a/ity1 & ob$i5ce1 ( :om ! _w 0 n wor?y2--t p[]1 to :i* h borne witness s _m sa9tly ,bi%ops1 poor 9 ! mid/ ( pov]ty1 & humble 9 ! ex]cise ( m ?an royal p[]1--s _m s*ol>s1 m>vell\sly le>n$1--s _m1 prodigal ( lab\r & blood1 :o are n[ c\nt$ among ! noble army ( m>tyrs1--s _m holy wom51 :o h hidd5 !mselves "u ! robe ( ! fir/ ( all sa9ts1 & foll[$ ! ,virg9 ( virg9s 9 _! degree2--t p[] is1 inde$1 ! mo/ wondr\s creation :i* hi/ory c record1 & "o to :i* ,i am n a%am$ to confess t ,i %\ld b[ ) unm+l$ rev]5ce1 _h n tru? a yet /rong] claim ^u me1 & did n ! voice ( ! e>ly ,*ur*1 its ,fa!rs1 ,c\ncils1 & ,m>tyrs1 s\nd di/9ctly 9 my e>s ano!r language4 ,/ill1 human & div9e1 ambition & ,provid5ce1 are s m+l$ !re1 t ,i w\ld n utt] a ^w m ?an tru? requires4 ,i %\ld ev5 be compell$ to give up ! /ronge/ individual conviction1 ackn[l$g+ ! weakness & liability to err ( any private judgm5t2 ackn[l$g+1 moreov]1 t a s+le prov9ce ( ! ,*ur*1 if oppos$ to all ! re/1 is c]ta9 to be 9 error1 7 x n t1 besides ! voice ( antiquity1 we h witnesses ! mo/ legitimate1 ! mo/ "t-hon\r$1 ! mo/ unsw]v+ 9 _! te/imony1--witnesses :o take away f our oppon5ts _! pr\de/ claim1--nay1 a claim :i*1 if real1 w\ld be irresi/ible1--t ( be+1 by !mselves1 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,let x nev]1 !n1 be =gott51 t any argum5t :i* w\ld prove ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& to be 9 s*ism w\ld condemn likewise ! ,ea/]n & ,russian ,*ur*4 ,x is n ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* aga9/ a revolt$ prov9ce1 z our adv]s>ies w\ld h u believe2 x is ! "o ,patri>* ( ! ,we/1 ) 8 ,bi%ops1 aga9/ ! f\r ,patri>*s ( ! ,ea/1 ) !irs1 & t great &1 z yet1 unbrok5 phalanx ( ! ,nor?1 :i* ,con/ant9ople won to ! fai? ( old1 & :i* n[ promises to beat back ! tide ( h]esy & infidelity f ! beleagu]$ ,sees ( ! ,ea/4 ,on ?is po9t ( s*ism1 at lea/1 !y be> witness ) u4 ,! causes1 adv]t$ to above1 :i* 7 s influ5tial 9 exalt+ ! great fabric ( ,roman p[] 9 ! ,we/1 did n act ^u ! ,ea/1--nay1 act$ 9 ! inv]se direction4 ,! ,see ( ,con/ant9ople /ill rema9s :]e ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on plac$ x1 :]e ! ,emp]or ,ju/9ian recognis$ x to be1 ! second ,see ( ! _w3 & x has ev] s9ce refus$ to admit t ,rome 0 fir/ 9 any s5se 9 :i* itself 0 n second4 ,?is may s]ve to set 9 a cle> light ! va/ diff]5ce betwe5 ! legitimate p[] ( ! ,fir/ ,see1 & ! claim to give jurisdiction to all ,bi%ops4 ,! sy/ems1 ( :i* ^! are expressions1 are 9 tru? antagoni/ic4 ,con/ant9ople ma9ta9s /ill t con/itution ( ! :ole ,*ur* :i* ,/4 ,gregory accus$ its ,bi%ops ( und]m9+4 ,! evil :i* he =esaw has come f 8 own successors3 ! cause ( ,almighty ,god1 ! cause ( ! ,univ]sal ,*ur*1 ! privileges & rights ( ,bi%ops & ,prie/s1 z aga9/ "o ,univ]sal ,pope1 are borne witness to n[1 z !y h ev] be51 by ! immutable ,ea/4 ,"h1 at lea/1 are no sympa?ies ) ! h]esi>*s ( ! sixte5? c5tury3 ! ,synod ( ,be?lehem has ana!matis$ ,lu!r & ,calv9 z decid$ly z ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t4 ,"h 0 no ,h5ry ! ,eigh? fix+ 8 supremacy on a reluctant ,*ur* by ! axe1 ! gibbet1 ! /ake1 & laws ( premunire & =feiture3 no ,/ate us+ t ,*ur* z a cat's-paw = ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 & ready n[ to (f] x up a holocau/ to ! demon ( lib]alism4 ,"h is ! anci5t ,patri>*al sy/em1 ! ?rones ( ,con/ant9ople1 ,alex&ria1 ,antio*1 & ,j]usalem1 subsi/+ /ill4 ,"h is ! same body ( doctr9e1 ! same sev5 sacram5ts1 ! same ,real ,pres5ce1 ! same mighty sacram5tal & sac]dotal sy/em1 :i* ,latitud9>ian & ,evangelical1 /atesman & h]etic1 dread :ile !y hate1 z be+ inde$ ! visible pres5ce ( ,*ri/ 9 a fall5 _w1--! resid5ce ( a spiritual p[] :i* controls & torm5ts ! worldl+1 :ile x disproves & falsifies ! h]etic4 ,"h is all t ! ,roman ,ca?olic claims z tok5s ( ! tru? = himself3 b !re is "o ?+ m1 ! same prote/ t we make aga9/ ! mon>*ical1 z di/9ct f ! patri>*al1 p[]1 ! same appeal back to e>ly ,c\ncils1 & ! unambigu\s voice ( ^? :o _c be sil5c$ or corrupt$1 ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*4 ,9 ! ,fa!rs ( ! undivid$ ,*ur*1 ! ,ea/ & ! ,nor? & ! ,we/1 s long sev]$1 meet3 we are n alone1 :o h ) u1 on ! v po9t :i* divides u f our ,"m ,*ur*1 ! /ill unbrok5 l9e ( successors f ,/4 ,a?anasius & ,/4 ,*ryso/om4 ,!re is no break 9 ! desc5t or 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*es4 ,!re is ! same dogmatic1 ! same hi]>*ical fabric1 subsi/+ n[ z :5 ,/4 ,gregory address$ ,ana/asius ( ,antio*1 & ,eulogius ( ,alex&ria4 ,x may suit ! purposes ( unfair ,roman controv]siali/s to br& !m z s*ismatics1 & ov]come1 by call+ !m a "n1 _! own mo/ =midable oppon5ts3 b hi/ory _c be s ov]come4 ,!y h nev] admitt$ ! ,papal sway1 any m ?an ! ,fa!rs :o pass$ ! #bh? ,canon ( ,*alc$on3 !y h1 inde$1 admitt$ ! ,roman ,primacy1 z ^? same ,fa!rs admitt$ x2 = ! v sy/em1 = :i* !y are witnesses1 is n complete )\t ! ,bi%op ( ,rome /&s at ! head ( x3 ! due hon\r ( ,rome is involv$ 9 ! due hon\r ( ,con/ant9ople2 &1 we may add1 ! due hon\r ( ,cant]bury3 ! same temp]1 ! same p]sons1 :o reject ! "o1 hate ! o!r4 ,:at we say !y nev] h admitt$ is1 t :i* has really work$ ! disunion ( ! ,univ]sal ,*ur*1 z ,/4 ,gregory =etold x w\ld1 ! doctr9e :i* is ! c5tre ( ! pres5t ,papal sy/em1 :i* alone makes all its p>ts coh]e1 & ju/ifies all its acts1 & triumphs ov] all appeal to argum5t1 & all te/imonies ( antiquity1 viz41 t1 ! ,pope is set ov] ! :ole ,*ri/ian _w1 & possesses 9 its complet5ess & pl5itude t p[] :i* ,*ri/ left on e>? = ! good ( ! ,*ur*4#afh ,!y h nev] = a mom5t admitt$ t ! ,bi%ops ( ! ,univ]sal ,*ur* 7 ! ,pope's delegates1 & receiv$ _! jurisdiction f him4 ,we fight1 x mu/ be admitt$1 at "s disadvantage ) our oppon5ts4 ,! long subjection :i* our ,*ur* yield$ to ,rome1 ! manifold obligations "u :i* we lie to h]1 ! complete unsettl+ ( ! ecclesia/ical & doctr9al sy/em 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! horrible vices ( ^? :o effect$ ! *ange1 ! connection ) ^? ^: doctr9e has n[ work$ itself out into ,soc9ianism1 infidelity1 & an>*y1 ! inability we h ev] s9ce be5 "u ( %ak+ ourselves completely cle> ( !m1 ! ?or\ghly unsatisfactory position ( ! /ate t[>ds u1 z a ,*ur*1 at pres5t1--all ^! ?+s are aga9/ u1--all ^! ?+s tell on ! m9d :i* really lives & dwells on antiquity1 & looks to ! pure ,apo/olic ,*ur*4 ,/ill1 ?\gh !y weak51 !y d n ov]come our cause4 ,b f all ^! objections ! witness ( ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*es is free4 ,!y 7 nev] subject to ,rome1 b to _! own ,patri>*s2 !y d]iv$ n _! ,*ri/ianity f h]3 ! ,prie/hood1 & ! pure unbloody sacrifice1 & ! p[] to b9d & to loose1 rema9 undisput$ among !m3 ! ,ea/]n m9d _c conceive a ,*ur* )\t !m4 ,!y h receiv$ no re=mation f ^? ^: lives 7 a sc&al to all ,*ri/ian m53 !y are n mix$ up ) ! ,lu!ran or ,calv9i/ic h]esy3 nor has ,era/ianism eat5 out _! life4 ,yet1 if we are s*ismatics1 s are !y1 & on ! same gr\nd4 ,moreov] ! ,roman ,*ur* has aga9 & aga9 treat$ ) !m z p>ts ( ! true ,*ur*4 ,x is only 9 comp>atively mod]n times1 t z ! hope ( re-union became fa9t]1 ! l9e ( d5y+ _! be+ memb]s ( ! ,"o ,body has be5 tak5 up4 ,i h se5 ev5 s late z ! "t ( ,clem5t ! ,eigh? a lett] ( t ,pope to ! ,cz>1 9 :i* he treats him z already belong+ to ! ,*ur*4 ,moreov] ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* has put =? ! be/ & mo/ conv9c+ sign ( ,ca?olicity1 life3 to h]1 s9ce h] sep>ation f ,rome1 & to ?is p>ticul> att5tion mu/ be claim$1 is due ! mo/ rem>kable conv]sion ( a great nation to ! ,fai? :i* has tak5 place 9 ! la/ eight hundr$ ye>s--,russia ) h] ,bi%ops1 h] cl]gy1 h] mona/]ies1 h] conv5ts1 h] ,*ri/ian p1 h] anci5t discipl9e1 h] completely organis$ ,*ur* sy/em1 h] :ole c\ntry won f ,paganism by ! prea*+ ( ,monks & ,mission>y ,bi%ops1 is a witness to ! ,greek ,*ur* 7:i* :o %all ga9say87 t %e is a true memb] ( ! ,"o ,body4 ,! ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople ex]cis$ t *>ge :i* ! ,c\ncil ( ,*alc$on gave him1 & orda9$ ,bi%ops among ! b>b>ians1 & ! ,_s ( ,god bless$ _! lab\rs1 & ! :ole ,nor? became 8 spiritual (fspr+4 ,rome _c %[1 s9ce %e has be5 divid$ f ! ,ea/1 a conv]sion on s l>ge a scale1 s complete1 s p]man5t4 ,& on t great mass %e has hi!rto made no impression4 ,x is a complete refutation ( h] claim to be by h]self ,ca?olic1 t !re exi/s out ( h] communion a ,body ( ,apo/olic desc5t & gov]nm5t1 ) ! same doctr9al sy/em z h] own1 ) ! ascetic pr9ciple z /rongly develop$1 ) ! same claim to miracles1--) all1 9 fact1 :i* *>act]ises a ,*ur*2 a ,body1 moreov]1 s l>ge1 t1 suppos+ ! non-exi/5ce ( ! ,roman ,communion1 ! promises ( ,god 9 ,scripture to ,8 ,*ur* might be suppos$ to be fulfill$ 9 t ,body4#afi ,& ?is ,body1 l ourselves1 d5ies t p>ticul> ,roman claim1 = :i* ,rome w\ld h u & !m to be s*ismatic4 ,& x has d5i$ x n m]ely = ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 b f ! "t t x has be5 advanc$4 ,truly all t 0 defici5t on our side seems made up by ! ,greek ,*ur*4 ,& ?is liv+ & cont9u\s witness ( a ?\s& ye>s is to be add$ to t mo/ decisive & unambigu\s voice ( ! :ole undivid$ anci5t ,*ur*4 ,i h1 ?r\gh\t ^! rem>ks1 consid]$ ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ to be :at1 at ! ,c\ncils ( ,nicea1 ,ephesus1 & ,*alc$on1 %e s manife/ly appe>$1 "o organic :ole2 a ,body1 ) ,"o ,head1 & _m memb]s2 z ,/4 ,gregory says1 ,pet]1 & ,paul1 & ,&rew1 & ,john2 a k+dom ) ,"o ,sov]eign1 & rul]s1 an ,apo/olic ,college appo9t$ by t ,head1 ) a direct commission f ,himself4 ,i believe t no o!r idea ab\t ! ,*ur* prevail$ up to ,/4 ,gregory's "t4 ,x foll[s t all s-call$ national *ur*es1 unless !y be subord9ate to ! law ( ?is k+dom1 are s _m infr+em5ts ( ! great prim>y law ( unity1 9 t !y set up a memb] in/ead ( ! ,body4 ,/4 ,paul1 9 ! #ab? *apt] ( ! #a/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 has cle>ly set =? su*1 & no less1 to be ! unity ( ,*ri/'s ,body4 ,c]ta9ly x is a difficulty1 t we mu/ admit ?is ess5tial law to be at pres5t brok54 ,b ,i d n ?9k x fair to argue aga9/ a provisional & tempor>y /ate1 su* z t ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& is confess$ to be--:i*1 too1 has be5 =c$ ^u h]--z if x 7 a normal /ate1 "o t we h *os51 a !ory ( unity t we put =? ov] aga9/ ! anci5t !ory1 or ! pres5t ,roman "o4 ,nay1 ?\s&s & t5 ?\s&s feel1 ! :ole ris+ m9d ( ! ,*ur* feels1 t we are torn f ,fai?'s anci5t home1 t we groan )9 ourselves1 wait+ until ,god 9 8 good "t re/ore a visible unity to ,8 ,*ur*1 till ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/ & ! ,s\? be "o aga9 9 ! m9d ( ,*ri/4 ,:o b mu/ view x z a tok5 ( t future bless+1 t public pray]s h be5 (f]$ up 9 ,france & ,italy = su* a consummation8 ,let u beg9 to pray = ea* o!r1 & we mu/ end by be+ "o4 ,let u1 too1 pray t ! cl\ds ( error & prejudice1 ! int5se bl9d jeal\sy on "o side1 ! cruel & dis+5u\s temp] on ! o!r1 may be subdu$ by ! ,_s ( ,god1 :o 9 "s great & bless$ ,p5teco/ %all draw long ali5at$ he>ts toge!r1 & m\ld !m into a union clos] ?an has ev] be51 aga9/ an attack ! la/ & mo/ t]rible ( ! =etold enemy1 ! tok5s ( ^: com+ are at h&4 ,b ! ,roman ,ca?olic1 :o seems to escape ?is difficulty1 & po9ts to 8 communion z "o organic :ole1 falls into ano!r4 ,grant t x is "o1 b x is at ! exp5se ( ceas+ to be ,ca?olic3 x has lo/ all ! ,ea/ & ! ,nor?1 & "p ( ! ,we/4 ,?us1 9 ?is *oice betwe5 difficulties1 x seems ! lea/ to suppose t ! unity ( ,*ri/5dom may be = a "t susp5d$1 dur+ :i* ! sev]al p>ts ( ,*ri/'s ,body reta9 communion ) ! "o ,head1 & !nce d]ive life1 ?\gh active communion ) ea* o!r is susp5d$4 ,a less difficulty1 ,i say1 ?an to cut (f1 n m]ely our own ,*ur*1 b ! sev5ty millions ( ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*1 hav+ a complete inw>d id5tity ) ! ,roman1 f ! cov5ant ( salvation1 m]ely because t int]communion is prev5t$ by a claim to spiritual mon>*y1 :i* 0 unkn[n 9 ! be/ ages ( ! ,*ur*1 & has be5 resi/$ ev] s9ce x 0 set up4 ,if ?is view be true1 we %\ld expect t ! sev]al p>ts1 ?\gh liv+1 w\ld yet be langui%+1 & f> f t heal?y vig\r :i* !y ought to possess2 t ! ,great ,head w\ld give manifold w>n+s ( ! injury done to ,8 ,body4 ,n[1 x is v rem>kable t ! circum/ances1 no less ( ! ,lat9 ?an ( ! ,ea/]n & ! ,anglican ,*ur*1 exactly agree to ?is expectation4 ,i ne$ n speak on ?is po9t ( ! second & ?ird2 b ,i _c help ?9k+ t !y :o h suff]$ !mselves to be driv5 by fe>ful sc&als out ( our bosom1 :o h brood$ ov] ackn[l$g$ b unreliev$ wants1 till ! duty ( pati5t long-suff]+ has be5 =gott51 close _! eyes to ! /ate ( ,france1 ,spa91 & ,italy1 "u :at !y h n[ le>nt to call by itself ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,yet are !re tok5s abroad :i* m5 ( less spiritual disc]nm5t might lay to he>t4 ,does ! obsc5e r\t ( ,ronge & ,cz]ski1 bur/+ =? f ! bosom ( ! ,roman ,*ur*1 awake no misgiv+8 ,fe>ful1 :5 view$ by ,scripture & antiquity1 z ! /ate ( ,engl& is1 7an argum5t :i* is n[ be+ us$ aga9/ our communion ) su* effect on t5d] & lov+ m9ds17 he mu/ be bold :o w\ld v5ture to say t ! relation ( ! ,fr5* ,*ur* to ! ,fr5* nation 9 ! la/ c5tury1 or its relation ev5 n[1 greatly z ! pres5t ,fr5* ,*ur* is to be admir$ & sympa?is$ )1 does n (f] z mu* gr\nd = fe>ful appreh5sion1 z mu* reason to dread1 le/ ! t]ms on :i* victory is promis$ to ! ,*ur* ov] ! _w h be5 ess5tially brok54 ,i fe> !re is no d\bt t two-?irds ( ! ,fr5* capital are n ,*ri/ian1 9 any s5se ( ! ^w2 & probably ! proportion is z great 9 ! l>g] t[ns4 ,h[ did ?is /ate ( ?+s arise8 ,h[ has ne>ly ! :ole intellect ( t c\ntry become infidel8 ,f ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 x w be answ]$4 ,b h[ c\ld t great ,satanical outbur/ h ev] tak5 place1 _h ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 free f corruption1 z ^? :o h left u believe1 & ?ron$ 9 ! possession ( sixte5 hundr$ ye>s1 ) its numb]less religi\s h\ses1 its unm>ri$ cl]gy1 & great episcopate1 be5 dis*>g+ its functions1 ,i d n say aright1 b ) any mod]ate effici5cy8 ,surely ! acts ( ! ,/ates ,g5]al 7 z bad z ^? ( ,h5ry ! ,eigh?2 yet its memb]s 7 ,ca?olics1 9 full communion ) ! ,roman ,see4 ,surely ! ecclesia/ical legislation ( ,napoleon 0 z unca?olic z t ( a ,h\se ( ,commons2 yet x 0 sanction$ by ,concordat ) ! ,pope4 ,b if manifold corruptions did n un*ur* ! ,gallican communion 9 ! la/ c5tury1--if ! mass ( a great nation1 :i* ! ,*ur* once completely possess$1 b has n[ surr5d]$ to active unbelief1 does n invalidate h] claim to be a pure communion at pres5t1 :y are su* ?+s alleg$ z s fatal a m>k aga9/ u8 ,god =bid t "o %\ld m5tion su* ?+s )\t ! deepe/ sorr[2 b :5 our tr\bles1 & difficulties1 & relations ) ! /ate1 & ! ali5at$ he>ts ( our p1 & ! abs5ce ( ext]nal discipl9e & inw>d guidance1 & ! mis]y ( our divisions1 are alleg$ to prove t we are out ( ! pale ( ! ,*ur*1 ^! ?+s ought to be weigh$ on ! o!r side4 ,!re ought n to be diff]5t measures on diff]5t sides ( ! ,*annel4 ,i =be> to speak ( ! /ate ( ,spa91 ,portugal1 & mu* ( ,italy2 b ,i imag9e t ! wor/ de$s ( ! ,re=mation 7 at lea/ p>allel$ by :at ! ,*ur* has _h to endure !re f ! h&s ( h] own *ildr54 ,i believe t our own mo/ sad corruptions h1 too1 _! c\nt]p>t among ,*ur*es 9 communion ) ! ,apo/olic ,see4 ,b to conclude4 ,z our def5ce aga9/ ! *>ge ( ,s*ism re/s ^u ! witness ( ! anci5t ,*ur*1 ?us fully corroborat$ by ! ,ea/]n ,communion1 s our :ole safety lies 9 ma9ta9+ ! cle> indubitable doctr9e ( t ,*ur*4 ,i h avoid$ ! :ole "q ( doctr9e 9 ^! rem>ks1 bo? z lead+ me into a wid] field ?an t :i* ,i am oblig$ to trav]se s cursorily at pres5t1 & z di/9ct f ! "q ( ,s*ism1 ?\gh v closely connect$ ) x4 ,no "o c d5y t x is n suffici5t = our safety to repel "o s+le *>ge3 b ?is *>ge 0 ! mo/ press+1 ! mo/ speci\s1 & "o :i* requires to be dispos$ ( be=e ! m9d c ) equanimity ent] ^u any o!r4 ,my conclusion is1 t ^u ! /ricte/ ,*ur* pr9ciples1--9 o!r words1 ^u ^? pr9ciples :i* all ,*ri/5dom1 9 its undivid$ /ate1 recognis$ = six hundr$ ye>s1 :i* may be se5 9 ! ,canons & ,decrees ( ,ecum5ical ,c\ncils1 our pres5t position is t5able at lea/ till ! convocation ( a really ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,engl& has nev] reject$ ! communion ( ! ,we/]n1 & /ill less t ( ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*3 nei!r has ! ,ea/]n ,*ur* pron\nc$ aga9/ h]4 ,%e has only ex]cis$ ! "r ( be+ gov]n$ by h] own ,bi%ops & ,metropolitans4 ,!re is1 inde$1 mu* p]il ( h] be+ =c$ f ?is1 h] true position1--a p]il lately po9t$ out by ! au?or ( ,! real ,dang] ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,i ne$ say little :]e he has said s mu*1 9 language s well-tim$1 s mod]ate1 & f a position :i* _c be misrepres5t$4 ,i w only add1 t ,i _c conceive any c\rse :i* w\ld s ?or\ghly qu5* ! awak5$ hopes ( ! ,*ur*'s mo/ fai?ful *ildr51 z t h] rul]s1 :i* ,i am lo? ev5 to imag9e1 at a crisis l ! pres5t1 %\ld seek support1 n 9 ! rock ( ! anci5t ,*ur*1 9 :i* ,&rewes1 ,laud1 & ,k51 took refuge ( old1--n 9 ! unbrok5 tradition ( ! ,ea/ & ,we/1 by :i*1 if at all1 ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ mu/ be re/or$1--n 9 t great sy/em :i* fir/ subdu$ & !n impregnat$ ) fre% life ! old ,roman ,empire1 delay+ a fall :i* no?+ c\ld av]t1 & :i* la/ly built up out ( ^! mis%ap5 ru9s all ! ,*ri/ian polities ( ,europe1--n 9 t "t-hon\r$ & univ]sal fabric ( doctr9e to :i* our own ,pray]-book be>s witness1 b 9 ! wild1 inconsi/5t1 trea*]\s sympa?ies ( a ,prote/antism1 :i* ! hi/ory ( ?ree hundr$ ye>s 9 _m v>i\s c\ntries has prov$ to be dead to ! he>t's core4 ,f>ewell1 inde$1 to any true def5ce ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 any hope ( h] be+ built up once m to an ,apo/olical beauty & glory1 ( recov]+ h] lo/ discipl9e & int]communion ) ,*ri/5dom1 if %e is by any act ( h] rul]s1 or any decree ( h] own1 to be mix$ up ) ! foll[]s ( ,lu!r1 ,calv91 or ,zu+le3 ) ^? :o h nei!r love1 nor unity1 nor dogmatic tru?1 nor sacram5ts1 nor a visible ,*ur* among !mselves3 :o1 nev] consi/5t b 9 ! dep? ( error1 & ! secret in/9ct ( h]esy1 d5y reg5]ation 9 ,baptism1 & ! gift ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 ,confirmation & ,ord]s1 & ! p[] ( ! keys 9 absolution1 & ! ,"l's ,body 9 ! ,eu*>i/4 ,t is ! way ( dea?3 :o is s mad z to ent] on x8 ,:5 ,prote/antism lies ?r\gh\t ,europe & ,am]ica a great disjo9t$ mass1 9 all ! putridity ( dissolution1 ,mon/rum horr5dum1 in=me1 +5s1 cui lum5 ademptum1 judicially bl9d$1 s t x _c p]ceive ,*ri/ dwell+ 9 8 ,*ur*1 :ile %e gr[s to ! measure ( ! /ature ( ! p]fect man1 & mak+ h] memb]s & m9i/]s ,8 organs--:o w\ld ?9k ( jo9+ to x a liv+ ,*ur*8 ,h we gone ?r\gh s mu* exp]i5ce 9 va98 ,h we se5 x develop into ,soc9ianism at ,g5eva1 & utt] unbelief 9 ,g]many1 & a ho/ ( sects 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica1 ^: "n is ,legion1 & :o seem to be agre$ 9 no?+ else b 9 ! d5ial ( sacram5tal grace1 & visible unity2 & all ?is at ! la/ h\r1 9 ! v turn+ po9t ( our de/9y1 to seek alliance ) ^? :o h no o!r po9t ( union b common resi/ance to ! tab]nacle ( ,god among m58 ,a p]suasion t no?+ %ort ( ! v exi/5ce ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& is at /ake1 t "o /ep into ! wrong w fix h] "* & h] prospects = ev]1 compels "o to say t c]ta9 acts & t5d5cies ( late h /ruck dismay into ^? :o desire above all ?+s to love & respect _! spiritual "m4 ,if ! ,j]usalem ,bi%opric1 promot$1 7at ! in/ance ( a =eign m9i/]1 n 9 communion ) our ,*ur*1#agj & :o has record$ 9 ! /ronge/ t]ms 8 objection to h] apo/olical episcopacy17 by two ,bi%ops on _! private responsibility1 )\t any au?ority f ! ,*ur* ( :i* !y are inde$ mo/ hon\r$1 b only individual rul]s1 be ! comm5cem5t ( a c\rse ( amalgamation ) ! ,lu!ran or ,calv9i/ic h]esy1 :o t values ! au?ority ( ! anci5t undivid$ ,*ur*1 w n feel 8 allegiance to our own bran* fe>fully %ak58 ,! "t = sil5ce is pa/4 ,!re is su* a ?+ z propt] vitam viv5di p]d]e causas4 ,x mu/ be said publicly t su* a c\rse w lead infallibly to a s*ism1 :i* w bury ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& 9 its ru9s4 ,if %e is to become a m]e lurk+-place = omnig5\s latitud9>ianism2 if fir/ pr9ciples ( ! fai?1 su* z baptismal reg5]ation1 & prie/ly absolution1 may be indiff]5tly held or d5i$ )9 h] pale1--?\gh1 if n ,god's v tru?s1 !y are mo/ fe>ful blasphemies1--! soon] %e is swept away ! bett]4 ,!re is no mean betwe5 h] be+ a wall daub$ ) untemp]$ mort>1 or ! city ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,i speak z "o :o has e ?+ commonly valuable to man dep5d+ on ?is decision2 moreov]1 z a ,prie/ 9 t communion1 ^: con/itution1 viol5tly susp5d$ by an enemy = "o hundr$ & ?irty ye>s1 yet requires t e "o ( h] acts1 :i* b9d h] z a :ole1 %\ld be ass5t$ to by h] ,prie/hood 9 repres5tation1 z well z by h] ,episcopacy4 ,if ! grace ( ! sacram5ts may be publicly d5i$ by m9i/]s ( ! ,*ur*1 nay1 by a ,bi%op ex ca!dra1 ) impunity1 9 direct violation ( ! mo/ solemn =ms to :i* !y h sworn ob$i5ce1 :ile ! ass]tion ( ,*ri/'s ,real ,pres5ce 9 ! ,eu*>i/ draws d[n c5sure on ! mo/ devot$ head1 ! communion :i* endures su* iniquity requires ! con/ant un9t]rupt$ int]cession ( h] wor?i] *ildr51 t %e be n f9ally =sak5 ( ,god1 & p]i% at ! fir/ attack ( anti*ri/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,r4 ,,clay1 ,,pr9t]1 ,,bread ,,/reet ,,hill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,notes #a ,bell>m94 de ,rom4 ,pont4 ,lib4 iv4 #be2 iv4 #bd2 i4 #i4 #b ,de ,mai/re1 du ,pape4 ,liv4 i4 *4 i4 #c ,s4 ,cyprian de ,unit4 ,ecc4 #ab4 #d ,developm5t1 c4 p4 #bb4 #e ,?omass91 ,"p i4 lib4 i4 *4 #d4 ,de l'anci5ne discipl9e de l',eglise4 #f ,/4 ,cypr4 de ,unit4 #d4 ,ox=d ,tr4 #g ,quot$ by ,?omass91 ut sup4 #h ,ibid4 #i ,s4 ,aug4 ,tom4 v4 #gjf1 ,b4 #aj ,s4 ,*rys4 ,tom4 ii4 #eid1 ,b4 #aa ,/4 ,j]ome1 tom4 ii4 #bgi1 ,vall>si4 #ab ,developm5t1 p4 #bgi4 #ac ,! words 9 italics are left out by ,mr4 ,n4 #ad ,?omass91 ,"p i4 liv4 i4 *4 iii4 #ae ,( a passage 9 ?is lett]1 ,de ,mai/re says 7,du ,pape1 liv4 i4 *4 #f73 ,resum+ ! ord] ( ! mo/ m>k$ te/imonies :i* pres5t !mselves to me on ! g5]al "q1 ,i f9d1 fir/1 ,/4 ,cyprian decl>e1 9 ! middle ( ! ?ird c5tury1 t h]esies & s*isms only exi/$ 9 ! ,*ur* because all eyes 7 n turn$ t[>ds ! ,prie/ ( ,god1 t[>ds ! ,pontiff :o judges 9 ! ,*ur* 9 ! place ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,a pretty /rong te/imony1 inde$1 & "o :i* w\ld g f> to conv9ce me ( ! fact4 ,pity x is1 t :5 "o ref]s to ! orig9al1 "o f9ds t ,/4 ,cyprian is actually speak+ ( himself1 & ( ! consequ5ces ( any :]e sett+ up 9 a see a s*ismatical ,bi%op aga9/ ! true "o4 ,aft] ?is1 :o w tru/ ,de ,mai/re's facts )\t te/+ !m8 ,! tru? is1 he _h tak5 ! quotation at second h&1 & nev] look$ to see to :om x 0 appli$4 ,x suit$ ! ,pope s admirably t x mu/ h be5 meant = him4 ,b ,i recomm5d no "o to *ange _! fai? ^u ! au?ority ( quotations :i* !y d n te/4 #af ,epi/4 #fg4 ,de ,m>ciano ,arelat5si4 #ag ,s4 ,cyp4 ,ep4 #bi4 #ah ,ep4 #gc4 #ai ,ep4 #gd4 #bj ,de ,unit4 ,ecc4 ,oxf4 ,tr4 #ba ,op4 ,/4 ,cypr4 p4 #cbi4 ed4 ,baluz4 #bb ,tom4 ix4 p4 #aaj4 #bc ,s4 ,cyp4 ,ep4 #ge4 #bd ,liv4 ,,vii4 sec4 #cb4 #be ,tom4 ix4 #ig4 ,g4 #bf ,tom4 ii4 #if4 ,f4 #bg ,tom4 ii4 #bii4 ,c4 #bh ,fleury1 liv4 vii4 #bc4 #bi ,ep4 #fh4 ,s4 ,cypriani4 #cj ,liv4 i4 *4 #b1 sect4 #e4 #ca ,liv4 i4 *4 #c1 sect4 #h4 #cb ,fleury1 ,liv4 xii4 xxix4 ,conc4 ,s>d4 ,c4 #c1 #d1 #g4 #cc ,?omass91 ,"p ,i4 liv4 i4 *4 #dj4 sect4 #b4 #cd ,idem1 ut supra4 #ce ,/4 ,aug4 ,tom4 ,v4 #ajig4 ,b4 #cf ,tom4 ,,iv4 #abae4 ,e4 #cg ,tom4 ,v4 #bdj4 ,f4 #ch ,tom4 ,v4 #aaid4 ,e4 #ci ,tom4 ,v4 #aaie4 ,e4 #dj ,tom4 ,,iii4 ,"p ii4 #hjj4 ,g4 #da ,he all[s t ,pet] may be call$ ! rock4 ,tom4 i4 #cb1 ,e4 #db ,fleury #bc1 #cj4 ,oxf4 ,tr4 #dc ,/4 ,aug4 ,tom4 ,,ii4 #fah4 ,b4 #dd ,/4 ,aug4 ,tom4 ii4 #fce4 ,f4 #de ,tom4 ii4 #fci4 ,b4 #df ,quot$ by ,fleury1 #bc1 #cb4 ,ox=d ,tr4 #dg ,fleury1 ,liv4 #bd1 #ce4 ,oxf4 ,tr4 ,see ! orig9al3 ,codex ,eccl4 ,afric4 #ach4 #dh ,*ill+wor?1 quot$ by ,mr4 ,newman1 ,developem5t1 p4 #d4 #di ,tom4 ix4 #cgb4 ,f4 #ej ,tom4 ix4 #cdj4 ,a4 #ea ,tom4 v4 #aaii4 ,d4 #abjb4 ,f4 #eb ,def4 ,cl]i4 ,gall4 ,p>s ii4 lib4 xii4 *4 #e4 #ec ,def4 ,cl]i4 ,gall4 ,p>s ii4 lib4 xii4 *4 #g4 #ed ,ibid4 lib4 xiii4 *4 #ai4 #ee ,/4 ,*rys4 ,tom4 ix4 #geg4 ,a4 #ef ,lacordaire1 ,sur le ,sa9t ,siege4 #eg ,/4 ,aug4 ,tom4 x4 #dab4 ,b4 quot$ 9 ,fleury1 ,oxf4 ,tr4 #c4 #ic4 #eh ,def4 ,cl]c4 ,gall4 ,p>s ii4 lib4 xii4 c4 #aj4 #ei ,fleury1 #be-dg4 ,oxf4 ,trans4 #fj ,ut sup4 *4 #ad4 #fa ,du ,pape1 ,liv4 i4 *4 #b4 #fb ,id4 ,liv4 i4 *4 #d4 #fc ,hammond's ,translation4 #fd ,tillemont1 tom4 xv4 p4 #gb4 #fe ,tillemont1 tom4 xv4 p4 #ha4 #ff ,tillemont1 tom4 xv4 p4 #hc4 #fg ,tillemont1 tom4 xv4 p4 #hi4 #fh ,/4 ,leo4 ,ep4 #dj4 #fi ,/4 ,leo4 ,ep4 #aj4 ,edit4 ,ball4 #gj ,ib4 ,ep4 #fe4 #ga ,ep4 #aj4 #gb ,/4 ,leo4 ,ep4 #ad1 cap4 i4 xi4 #gc ,s4 ,leon4 ,ep #f1 cap4 #b4 #gd ,/4 ,j]ome1 ,ep4 #adf4 ,vall>si4 #ge ,!odoret1 ,ep4 9 ,epi/4 ,s4 ,leonis1 #eb4 #gf ,mansi1 #f1 #hag1 quot$ by ,giesel]1 tom4 i4 "p ii4 p4 #aib4 #gg ,isidorus1 ,hisp4 ,etymol4 #g1 #ab1 quot$ by ,giesel]1 ut sup4 p4 #djf4 #gh ,giesel]1 tom4 i4 "p ii4 pp4 #aia1 #aib4 #gi ,giesel]1 tom4 i4 "p ii4 p4 #bje4 #hj ,!odoret4 ,hi/4 ,eccl4 lib4 v4 *4 #i4 #ha ,obs]ve ?is ,c\ncil s call$ by ! ,greeks be=e x 0 receiv$ by ! ,we/4 #hb ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ,diocese1 9 ! language ( ?is "t1 means ! sev]al prov9ces compreh5d$ 9 a ,patri>*ate4 ,x 0 ! civil t]m4 #hc ,s4 ,bas4 ,m4 ,ep4 #bci4 #hd ,giesel]1 tom4 i4 "p ii4 p4 #bjb4 #he ,sozom51 ,hi/4 iii4 *4 #h4 #hf ,ibid4 ,hi/4 iii4 *4 #aj4 #hg ,socrates1 ,hi/4 ii4 *4 #ag4 #hh ,bossuet1 ,s]mon sur l',unite de l',eglise4 #hi ,bossuet1 ,def4 ,cl]i ,gall4 ,p>s ii4 lib4 xii4 *1 #ae1 #af1 #ag4 #ij ,s4 ,leon4 ,ep4 #abj4 #ia ,ib4 c4 #d4 #ib ,s4 ,leon4 ,ep4 #ajb4 #ic ,*4 #ah1 ibid4 #id ,fleury1 ,liv4 xxviii4 #bi4 ,oxf4 ,tr4 #ie ,!od4 lib4 v4 *4 #bh1 quot$ by ,tillemont4 #if ,tillemont1 tom4 xv4 p4 #gaa4 #ig ,! sitt+s are v>i\sly c\nt$4 #ih ,fleury1 liv4 xxviii4 xxx4 ,oxf4 ,tr4 #ii ,tillemont1 tom4 xv4 p4 #gjg4 #ajj ,s4 ,leon4 ,ep4 #ajd1 cap4 #c4 #aja ,s4 ,leon4 ,ep4 #aje4 #ajb ,ep4 #ajf1 cap4 #d4 #ajc ,ep4 #aje1 cap4 #b4 #ajd ,ep4 #ajf1 cap4 #b-e4 #aje ,ep4 #ajg4 #ajf ,ep4 #aje1 cap4 #c4 #ajg ,tillemont1 tom4 xv4 p4 #gca4 #ajh ,s4 ,leon4 ,ep4 #ajg4 #aji ,s4 ,greg4 ,ep4 lib4 iii4 #aj4 #aaj ,on ,developm5t1 p4 #cjg4 #aaa ,fleury1 liv4 xxxii4 #ed4 #aab ,giesel]1 vol4 i4 "p4 ii4 p4 #aib4 #aac ,nov4 i4 #a-g1 quot$ by ,giesel]4 #aad ,fleury1 liv4 xxxiii4 #d1 #e1 #f4 #aae ,nov4 vi4 ,epilogus4 #aaf ,nov4 cxxiii4 c4 #c4 #aag ,ad ,val]ianum1 ,mansi1 ix4 #gcb4 #aah ,contra litt4 ,petiliani1 ii4 #ea1 all quot$ by ,giesel]4 #aai ,bossuet1 ,def4 ,cl]i ,gall4 p>s ii4 lib4 xii4 cap4 #ai4 #abj ,fleury1 liv4 xxxiii4 #eb4 #aba ,bossuet1 ut sup4 #abb ,du ,pape1 liv4 i4 *4 #c4 #abc ,fleury1 ,liv4 xxxiii4 #eb4 #abd ,sozom51 lib4 iii4 *4 #aa4 #abe ,tom4 i4 "p ii4 #daj4 #abf ,def4 ,cl]i ,gall4 p>s ii4 lib4 xii4 cap4 #bi4 #abg ,id4 cap4 #ca4 #abh ,du ,pape1 liv4 iii4 *4 #g4 #abi ,s4 ,greg4 ,ep4 lib4 ii4 #eb4 #acj ,lib4 ix4 #ei1 ,giesel]4 #aca ,lib4 xi4 #cg1 ,giesel]4 #acb ,giesel]1 tom4 i4 "p ii4 #dja4 #acc ,liv4 xxxiv4 #fj4 #acd ,liv4 xxxv4 #ai4 #ace ,ep4 ,s4 ,greg4 lib4 v4 #dc4 #acf ,lib4 ix4 #fh4 #acg ,lib4 v4 #ai4 #ach ,lib4 vii4 #cc4 #aci ,lib4 v4 ,ep4 #bj4 #adj ,lib4 vii4 #bg4 #ada ,i _c b consid] ,/4 ,gregory's words to conta9 "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable prophecies to be f\nd 9 hi/ory2 = ?is assum+ ! title & ex]cis+ ! p[] ( univ]sal ,pope has actually l$ n only to ! conc5tration ( all executive p[] 9 ! ,roman ,see1 b to ! conviction1 among its w>me/ p>tisans1 t ! :ole exi/5ce ( ! ,*ur* dep5ds on ! s+le ,see ( ,rome4 ,take ! foll[+ f ,de ,mai/re3 ,*ri/ianity re/s entirely ^u ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff4--,)\t ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff ! :ole edifice ( ,*ri/ianity is und]m9$1 & only waits1 = a complete fall+ 91 ! developm5t ( c]ta9 circum/ances :i* %all be put 9 _! full light4--,:at rema9s inconte/able is1 t if ! ,bi%ops1 assembl$ )\t ! ,pope1 may call !mselves ! ,*ur*1 & claim any o!r p[] b t ( c]tify+ ! p]son ( ! ,pope 9 ^? inf9itely r>e mom5ts :5 x might be d\btful1 unity exi/s no long]1 & ! visible ,*ur* disappe>s4--,! ,sov]eign ,pontiff is ! necess>y1 only1 & exclusive f\ndation ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,to him belong ! promises1 ) him disappe>s unity1 t is1 ! ,*ur*4--,! supremacy ( ! ,pope be+ ! capital dogma )\t :i* ,*ri/ianity _c subsi/1 all ! ,*ur*es1 :i* reject ?is dogma1 ! importance ( :i* !y conceal f !mselves1 are agre$ ev5 )\t kn[+ x3 all ! re/ is b accessory1 & !nce comes _! aff9ity1 ( :i* !y "k n ! cause4--,du ,pape1 ,disc\rs ,prelim9aire2 ,liv4 i4 *4 #ac2 ,liv4 iv4 *4 #e4 ,c\ld we h any /rong] witness to ! antagonism betwe5 ! ,papal & ,patri>*al or ,episcopal ,sy/em8 ,or c any words be spok5 m oppos$ 9 tone ?an ^! to ! writ+s ( ,fa!rs & decrees ( anci5t ,c\ncils8 ,or are !y :o say su* ?+s wise def5d]s ( ! ,*ur* or promot]s ( unity8 #adb ,lib4 viii4 #cj4 #adc ,"p i4 liv4 i4 *4 #aa4 #add ,mansi1 vi4 #ajjf4 #ajab1 quot$ by ,giesel]4 #ade ,lib4 v4 #ah4 #adf ,proph4 ,(fice1 p4 #bba4 ,developm5t1 p4 #aj4 #adg ,sect4 #ac4 ,m>* #bh1 #fha1 translat$ 9 ,l&on's ,c\ncils4 #adh ,bossuet1 ,def4 ,cl]4 ,gall4 p>s ii4 lib4 xii4 cap4 #cd4 #adi ,bell>m9 de ,pont4 ,rom4 lib4 iv4 cap4 #bd1 #be4 #aej ,bell>m9 de ,pont4 ,rom4 lib4 i4 cap4 #i4 #aea ,def4 ,cl]i4 ,gall4 p>s ii4 lib4 xiii4 cap4 #aa4 #aeb ,bossuet is v mod]ate4 ,/4 ,*ryso/om says1 7on ,acts1 ,hom4 #cc17 ,james 0 ,bi%op 9 ,j]usalem1 & s speaks la/2 & pres5tly1 ,!re 0 no pride 9 ! ,*ur*1 b mu* good ord]4 ,& see1 aft] ,pet]1 ,paul speake?1 & no "o rebukes him3 ,james waits & />ts n out ( 8 place1 = he 0 entru/$ ) ! gov]nm5t4 ,:at w\ld ,/4 ,*ryso/om say to ,bell>m9e's doctr9e8 #aec ,ep4 ,s4 ,innoc42 9 ,op4 ,s4 ,aug4 tom4 ii4 #fah2 see above1 p4 #ei4 #aed ,ibid1 quot$ above1 p4 #fj4 #aee ,/4 ,leo4 ,s]m4 9 ,anniv]4 ,assumpt4 quot$ above4 #aef ,ep4 #aj4 #aeg ,optat4 l4 ix4 contra ,p>m54 #aeh ,greg4 ,nyss4 ,t4 #b4 #gdf4 #aei ,caes>4 ,arel4 ,epi/4 ad ,symm4 #afj ,quot$ above1 p4 #eh4 #afa ,cap4 xiv4 lib4 xiii4 p>s #b4 #afb ,bossuet1 ,def4 c4 ,p>s ii4 lib4 xiii4 cap4 #bj4 #afc ,de ,rom4 ,pont4 lib4 iv4 cap4 #bf4 #afd ,developem5t1 p4 #bh4 #afe ,du ,pape1 liv4 ii4 *4 #f2 & ,disc\rse ,prelim9aire4 #aff ,see ! acc\nt ( 8 dea? 9 ,b[d5's ,life4 #afg ,dante1 ,p>adiso1 xii4 #ee4 #afh ,bell>m9e1 quot$ above4 #afi ,i owe ?is obs]vation to a fri5d :o has _h great opportunities ( judg+ ab\t ! /ate ( ! ,russian ,*ur*4 #agj ,introduction to ,die ,zukunft ,kir*e4 ,! "w advocates ! introduction ( ,episcopacy into ! ,g]man ,*ur*1 b n ! ,apo/olical ,episcopacy ( ! ,engli% ,*ur*1 :i* ,m4 ,buns5 condemns 9 t]ms z /rong z any :i* h be5 us$ by any oppon5t ( ! ,bi%opric4 ',if ev] & at any "t ! ,episcopate1 9 ! s5se ( ,anglicanism1 %\ld be rais$ into a di/9ctive m>k ( ,*ur*dom among u1 n con/itutionally & nationally 787 x w\ld1 9 my op9ion1 be /rik+ ! dea?-bl[ to ! inn]mo/ g]m ( life 9 ! ,*ur*4' ,he w ex]t e en]gy1 & %$ ! la/ drop ( 8 blood 9 ord] to pres]ve ! ,*ur* ( ! ,g]man nation aga9/ su* an ,episcopacy1--,engli% ,*ur*man1 ,april #cj1 #ahdf4 ,!re are solemn words1 :i* h f\nd an e*o 9 _m he>ts1 ,may t measure utt]ly fail1 & come to n\ght1 & be z ?\gh x _h nev] be56