,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,et*+4 ,among/ ,fr5*m5 ,claude is ! be/ l&scape et*] ( pa/ days1 & ,lalanne ! be/ ( ! pres5t day4--,p4 ,g4 ,,ham]ton4 ,illu/ration3 ,frontispiece ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,et*+4 ,,text ,,& ,,plates ,,by ,,maxime ,,lalanne4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,au?oriz$ ,,edition1 ,,translat$ ,,f ,,! ,,second ,,fr5* ,,edition ,,by ,s4 ,r4 ,,koehl]4 ,,) ,,an ,,introductory ,,*apt] ,,& ,,notes ,,by ,,! ,,translator4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,bo/on3 ,,e/es ,,& ,,lauriat1 ,publi%]s4 ,copyright1 ,,by ,,e/es ,,& ,,lauriat4 #ahhj4 ,,univ]sity ,,press3 ,,john ,,wilson ,,& ,,son1 ,,cambridge4 ,,translator',s ,,preface4 ,s mu* int]e/ has ( late ye>s be5 %[n 9 ,engl& 9 ! art ( et*+1 t x seems h>dly necess>y to apologize = br++ out an ,engli% edition ( a "w on ! subject f ! p5 ( an arti/ :om a weighty ,engli% au?ority has pron\nc$ to be ! be/ ,fr5* l&scape-et*] ( ! day4 ,x might be urg$1 inde$1 t m ?an en\gh has already be5 writt5 conc]n+ ! te*nical z well z ! ae/hetic side ( et*+4 ,b ?is objection is suffici5tly met by ! /atem5t ( ! fact t !re is no o!r "w ( ! k9d 9 :i* ! processes involv$ are describ$ 9 s pla9 & lucid a mann] z 9 ,m4 ,lalanne's admirable ,traite de la ,gravure a l',eau-=te4 ,9 ! laudable endeavor to be complete1 mo/ ( ! simil> books n[ extant err 9 load+ d[n ! subject ) a complicat$ mass ( detail :i* is m apt to fright5 ! beg9n] ?an to aid him4 ,m4 ,lalanne's ,treatise1 on ! contr>y1 is z simple z a good "w ( art4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be incumb5t ^u me to (f] a few words ( excuse conc]n+ my own connection ) ! br++ out ( ?is translation2 =1 at fir/ sight1 x w1 no d\bt1 appe> ! height ( presumption1 especially on ! "p ( "o :o is n himself a practis+ arti/1 to add an introductory *apt] & notes to ! "w ( a consummate ma/] on 8 favorite art4 ,b :at ,i h done has n1 9 any way1 be5 dictat$ by ! _s ( presumption4 ,! reasons :i* induc$ me to make ! additions may be /at$ z foll[s4 ,x is a mo/ difficult feat = "o :o has ?or\ghly ma/]$ an accompli%m5t1 & has practis$ x successfully = a lifetime1 to l[] himself to ! level ( ^? :o are absolutely un9=m$4 ,a ma/] is apt to =get t he himself _h to le>n c]ta9 ?+s :i*1 to him1 seem to be self-evid5t1 & he !re=e takes x = grant$ t !y are self-evid5t4 ,a practis$ et*] ?9ks no?+ ( h&l+ 8 acid1 gr\nd+ & smok+ 8 plate1 & all ! o!r little tricks ( ! craft :i*1 to a beg9n]1 are q worry+ & excit+4 ,x seem$ to me be/1 !re=e1 to acqua9t ! /ud5t ) ^! purely te*nical difficulties1 )\t complicat+ 8 fir/ attempts by arti/ic consid]ations1 & h5ce ! orig9 ( ! ,introductory ,*apt]4 ,v naturally ,i 0 compell$1 9 ?is *apt]1 to g ov] mu* ( ! gr\nd cov]$ by ! ,treatise itself4 ,b ! dilig5t /ud5t1 :o rememb]s t ,repetition is ! "m ( le>n+1 w n look ^u ! "t ?us occupi$ z wa/$4 ,! notes are1 p]haps1 /ill m easily expla9$4 ,m4 ,lalanne v r>ely /ops to in=m 8 read] h[ ! v>i\s requisites may be made4 ,writ+1 z he did1 at & = ,p>is1 !re 01 inde$1 no reason = ?us encumb]+ 8 book2 = 9 ,p>is ! ,veuve ,cad>t is always ready to supply all ! wants ( ! et*]4 ,= a ,london read]1 ,mr4 ,*>les ,rob]son1 ( #ii ,long ,acre1 :om ,mr4 ,ham]ton has s well--& v prop]ly--adv]tis$1 is ready to p]=m ! same k9d (fice4 ,b = ^? :o live away f ! great c5tres ( society1 x may (t5times be necess>y ei!r to =ego ! fasc9ations ( et*+1 or else to provide ! mat]ials ) _! own h&s4 ,= ! b5efit ( su* p]sons1 ,i h ?\ght x advisable to describe1 9 ! notes1 ! simple/ & *eape/ me?ods ( mak+ ! tools & ut5sils :i* are ne$$ 9 ! execution ( ,m4 ,lalanne's precepts4 ,by ! arrangem5t ( ! p>agraphs :i* ,i h v5tur$ to introduce1 ,m4 ,lalanne's pleasant little book has1 p]haps1 lo/ some?+ ( its vivacity & fre%ness1 especially 9 ! fif? *apt]4 ,b ?is dull1 me?odical ord] w be f\nd1 ,i hope1 to add to ! conv5i5ce ( ! "w z a book ( ref]5ce1 :i*1 accord+ to ,m4 ,lalanne's own /atem5t1 is1 aft] all1 its ma9 object4 ,x is due to ! ,engli% public to say1 t ! additions 7 orig9ally writt5 = ! ,am]ican edition ( ?is book1 publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,e/es ,lauriat1 ( ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,to free !m f ! ,am]ican "* :i* !y v naturally be>1 w\ld h necessitat$ ! resett+ ( a great "p ( ! "w1 & a consequ5t increase 9 its co/4 ,x has be5 deem$ advisable1 !re=e1 to leave ! :ole ( ! text 9 its orig9al condition1 m especially z ! *anges are su* t !y c easily be suppli$ by ! read]1 & d n 9 ! lea/ affect ! value ( ! in=mation convey$4 ,s4 ,r4 ,,koehl]4 ,,bee* ,,gl5 ,,av5ue1 ,,roxbury1 ,,bo/on1 ,july1 #ahhj4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,translator',s ,,preface v ,,introductory ,,*apt]4--,,! ,,te*nical ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,et*+ xiii ,p>agraph #a4 ,def9ition ( ,et*+ xiii #b4 ,requisites xiv #c4 ,gr\nd+ ! ,plate xviii #d4 ,smok+ ! ,plate xviii #e4 ,po9ts or ,ne$les xix #f4 ,draw+ on ! ,plate xix #g4 ,prep>+ ! ,plate = ! ,ba? xx #h4 ,! ,ba? xx #i4 ,bit+ & ,/opp+ ,out xx ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,plates xxiii ,,lett] ,,by ,m4 ,,*>les ,,blanc xxv ,,introduction 7by ! ,au?or7 #a ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,def9ition ,,& ,,"* ,,( ,,et*+4 ,p>agraph #a4 ,def9ition #c #b4 ,k ne$$ by ! ,et*] #c #c4 ,mann] ( us+ ! ,ne$le4--,"* ( ,l9es #d #d4 ,fre$om ( ,execution #d #e4 ,h[ to produce ,diff]5ce 9 ,texture #e #f4 ,! ,"w ( ! ,acid #e #g4 ,! ,use ( ! ,dry ,po9t #e #h4 ,_s 9 :i* ! ,et*] mu/ "w #e #i4 ,expression ( ,individuality 9 ,et*+ #f #aj4 ,value ( ,et*+ to ,arti/s #f #aa4 ,v]satility ( ,et*+ #g #ab4 ,et*+ comp>$ to o!r ,/yles ( ,engrav+ #g #ac4 ,et*+ z a ,reproductive ,art #g ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,tools ,,& ,,mat]ials4--,,prep>+ ,,! ,,plate4--,,draw+ ,,on ,,! ,,plate ,,) ,,! ,,ne$le4 #ad4 ,me?od ( us+ ?is ,manual #i ,a4 ,tools & ,mat]ials4 #ae4 ,li/ ( ,tools & ,mat]ials ne$$ #i #af4 ,quality & ,condition ( ,tools & ,mat]ials #aj ,b4 ,prep>+ ! ,plate4 #ag4 ,lay+ ! ,gr\nd1 or ,v>ni%+ #ab #ah4 ,smok+ #ac ,c4 ,draw+ on ! ,plate ) ! ,ne$le4 #ai4 ,! ,transp>5t ,scre5 #ad #bj4 ,ne$les or ,po9ts #ad #ba4 ,temp]ature ( ! ,room #ae #bb4 ,! ,trac+ #af #bc4 ,rev]s+ ! ,design #af #bd4 ,use ( ! ,mirror #ag #be4 ,precautions to be obs]v$ :ile ,draw+ #ag #bf4 ,directions = ,draw+ ) ! ,ne$le #ag ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,bit+4 #bg4 ,bord]+ ! ,plate #bj #bh4 ,! ,tray #bj #bi4 ,/r5g? ( ! ,acid #bj #cj4 ,label y\r ,bottles6 #ba #ca4 ,! ,fir/ ,bit+ #ba #cb4 ,! ,use ( ! ,fea!r #bb #cc4 ,/opp+ ,out #bb #cd4 ,effect ( ,temp]ature on ,bit+ #bb #ce4 ,bit+ cont9u$ #bc #cf4 ,treatm5t ( ! v>i\s ,di/ances #bc #cg4 ,! ,creve4--,its ,advantages & ,disadvantages #bd #ch4 ,means ( asc]ta9+ ! ,dep? ( ! ,l9es #bd #ci4 ,! ,rules :i* gov]n ! ,bit+ are subord9at$ to v>i\s ,causes #be #dj4 ,/rong ,acid & ,weak ,acid #be #da4 ,/r5g? ( ,acid 9 relation to c]ta9 ,k9ds ( ,"w #bf #db4 ,la/ ,/ages ( ,bit+ #bg ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,f9i%+ ,,! ,,plate4 #dc4 ,omissions4--,insuffici5cy ( ! ,"w s f> done #bi #dd4 ,transp>5t ,gr\nd = ,ret\*+ #bi #de4 ,ord9>y ,gr\nd us$ = ,ret\*+4--,bit+ ! ,ret\*es #cj #df4 ,rev>ni%+ ) ! ,bru% #ca #dg4 ,p>tial ,ret\*es4--,pat*+ #ca #dh4 ,dry ,po9t #cb #di4 ,use ( ! ,scrap] = remov+ ! ,bur ?r[n up by ! ,dry ,po9t #cc #ej4 ,r$uc+ ,ov]-bitt5 ,passages #cc #ea4 ,! ,burni%] #cc #eb4 ,*>coal #cd #ec4 ,! ,scrap] #ce #ed4 ,hamm]+ ,out 7,rep\ssage7 #ce #ee4 ,f9i%+ ! ,surface ( ! ,plate #ce ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,accid5ts4 #ef4 ,/opp+-out ,v>ni% dropp$ on a ,plate :ile ,bit+ #cg #eg4 ,rev>ni%+ ) ! ,roll] = ,rebit+ #cg #eh4 ,rev>ni%+ ) ! ,roll] 9 ,cases ( ,p>tial ,rebit+ #ch #ei4 ,rev>ni%+ ) ! ,dabb] = ,rebit+ #ci #fj4 ,rev>ni%+ ) ! ,bru% = ,rebit+ #ci #fa4 ,rebit+ a ,rem$y only #ci #fb4 ,holes 9 ! ,gr\nd #ci #fc4 ,plan+ out ,faulty ,passages #dj #fd4 ,acid ,spots on ,clo?+ #da #fe4 ,r$uc+ ,ov]-bitt5 ,passages & ,creves #da ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,diff]5ce ,,betwe5 ,,flat ,,bit+ ,,& ,,bit+ ,,) ,,/opp+ ,,out4 #ff4 ,two ,k9ds ( ,bit+ #dc #fg4 ,flat ,bit+4--,"o ,po9t #dd #fh4 ,flat ,bit+4--,sev]al ,po9ts #dd #fi4 ,bit+ ) ,/opp+ ,out4--,"o ,po9t #dd #gj4 ,bit+ ) ,/opp+ ,out4--,sev]al ,po9ts #dd #ga4 ,necessity ( ,exp]im5t+ #de #gb4 ,v>i\s o!r ,me?ods ( ,bit+ #de ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,recomm5dations ,,& ,,auxili>y ,,processes4--,,z9k ,,& ,,/eel ,,plates4--,,v>i\s ,,!ories4 ,a4 ,recomm5dations & ,auxili>y ,processes4 #gc4 ,! ,r\lette #di #gd4 ,! ,flat ,po9t #di #ge4 ,! ,grav] or ,bur9 #di #gf4 ,s&pap] #ej #gg4 ,sulphur ,t9ts #ej #gh4 ,mottl$ ,t9ts #ea #gi4 ,/opp+-out be=e all ,bit+ #ea ,b4 ,z9k ,plates & ,/eel ,plates4 #hj4 ,z9k ,plates #eb #ha4 ,/eel ,plates #eb ,c4 ,v>i\s o!r ,processes4 #hb4 ,s(t ,gr\nd ,et*+ #eb #hc4 ,dry ,po9t ,et*+ #ec #hd4 ,! ,p5 ,process #ed ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,prov+ ,,& ,,pr9t+4 #he4 ,wax ,pro(s #ee #hf4 ,! ,pr9t+-,press #ee #hg4 ,natural ,pr9t+ #ef #hh4 ,artificial ,pr9t+ #ef #hi4 ,h&wip+ ) ,retr\ssage #eg #ij4 ,t9t+ ) a ,/iff ,rag #eg #ia4 ,wip+ ) ! ,rag only #eh #ib4 ,limits ( ,artificial ,pr9t+ #eh #ic4 ,pr9t+ ,inks #ei #id4 ,pap] #ei #ie4 ,epreuves ,volantes #fj #if4 ,pro(s be=e ,lett]+ #fj #ig4 ,epreuves de ,rem>que #fj #ih4 ,numb] ( ,impressions :i* a ,plate is capable ( yield+ #fj #ii4 ,/eel-fac+ #fa #ajj4 ,copp]-fac+ ,z9k ,plates #fb ,,notes4 ,by ! ,translator #fc ,,li/ ,,( ,,works on ! ,practice & ,hi/ory ( ,et*+ #ge ,a4 ,te*nical ,treatises #ge ,b4 ,hi/orical & ,!oretical #gg ,c4 ,catalogues ( ! ,works ( ! ,arti/s #gg a4 ,diction>ies #gg b4 ,individual ,arti/s #gh ,,introductory ,,*apt]4 ,,! ,,te*nical ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,et*+4 ,z expla9$ 9 ! ,preface1 ?is *apt] has be5 add$ to enable ! beg9n] to ma/] ! mo/ necess>y te*nical elem5ts ( et*+1 )\t complicat+ 8 fir/ attempts by arti/ic consid]ations4 ,let him le>n h[ to use 8 gr\nd1 8 po9ts1 & 8 acid1 be=e he endeavors to employ ^! requisites 9 ! production ( a "w ( art4 ,all ! mat]ials & tools necess>y = mak+ ! exp]im5t describ$ bel[ c be b\ght at ! foll[+ places3,a-- ,,new ,,york3 ,h5ry ,leidel1 ,arti/'s ,mat]ials1 #cda ,f\r? ,av5ue4 ,,philadelphia3 ,jan5tzky ,co41 ,arti/'s ,mat]ials1 #aabe ,*e/nut ,/reet4 ,,bo/on3 ,j4 ,h4 ,daniels1 ,pr9t]1 #bbc ,wa%+ton ,/reet4 ,b any "o liv+ )9 rea* ( a druggi/1 a pa9t-%op1 & a h>dw>e-/ore c d j z well ) ! ex]cise ( a little pati5ce & a v little +5uity4 ,= ! b5efit ( su* p]sons all ! necess>y directions w be giv5 = mak+ :at x may be impossible to buy4 ,a ,9 ,london1 ,mr4 ,ham]ton recomm5ds ,mr4 ,*>les ,rob]son1 #ii ,long ,acre4 99 99 99 99 99 #a4 ,def9ition ( ,et*+4--,to be able to get an impression on pap] f a metal plate 9 a copp]-plate pr9t+-press1 x is necess>y to s9k ! l9es ( ! design bel[ ! surface ( ! plate1 s t ea* l9e is repres5t$ by a furr[4 ,! plate is !n ink$ all ov]1 c>e be+ tak5 to fill ea* furr[1 & f9ally ! ink is cauti\sly wip$ away f ! surface1 :ile ! furr[s are left *>g$ ) x4 ,a piece ( moi/ pap] press$ aga9/ a plate s prep>$1 w take ! ink up out ( ! furr[s4 ,! result is an impression4 ,9 engrav+ prop] ^! furr[s are cut into ! plate by me*anical means2 9 et*+ *emical means are us$ = ! same purpose4 ,if nitric acid is br\ght into contact ) copp]1 ! acid corrodes ! metal & f9ally eats x up altoge!r2 if x is br\ght into contact ) wax or res9\s sub/ances1 no action ensues4 ,h5ce1 if we cov] a copp] plate ) a gr\nd or v>ni% compos$ ( wax & res9\s sub/ances1 & !n draw l9es ^u ?is gr\nd ) a /eel or iron /yle or po9t1 s t ea* /roke ( ! po9t lays b>e ! copp]1 we %all h a draw+ 9 l9es ( copp] 7:i* are affect$ by nitric acid7 on a gr\nd ( v>ni% 7:i* is n ?us affect$74 ,if n[ we expose ! plate to ! action ( nitric acid = a c]ta9 l5g? ( "t1 we %all f9d1 ^u ! removal ( ! gr\nd by means ( b5z9e1 t ! l9es h be5 bitt5 into ! plate1 s t ea* l9e =ms a furr[ capable ( tak+ up ! ink4 ,! dep? & ! bread? ( ! l9es dep5ds ^u ! ?ickness ( ! po9ts us$1 & ^u ! l5g? ( "t all[$ = bit+2 or1 9 o!r words1 by v>y+ ! size ( ! po9ts & ! "t ( exposure ! l9es may also be made to v>y4 ,?is is ! :ole ( ! sci5ce ( et*+ 9 a nut%ell4 #b4 ,requisites4--,! foll[+ tools & mat]ials are ! only ones :i* are absolutely necess>y = a fir/ exp]im5t3-- #a4 ,a ,,copp] ,,plate on :i* to execute y\r et*+4 ,d n wa/e y\r money on a l>ge plate4 ,a visit+-c>d plate is suffici5tly l>ge4 ,if y happ5 to h an engrav$ plate ( t k9d1 y c use ! back ( x4 ,if y h none1 get "o at a c>d-engrav]'s4 ,! price ought n to be ov] fifte5 c5ts4 ,if y d n live 9 any ( ! l>ge cities nam$ above1 or _c f9d a c>d-engrav]1 s5d fifte5 c5ts 9 /amps to ,mr4 ,geo4 ,b4 ,%>p1 #de ,gold ,/41 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y41 :o w =w>d a plate to y by mail4 ,be v p>ticul> 9 giv+ y\r full & correct po/-(fice address4 ,^! plates only ne$ clean+ to fit !m = use4 #b4 ,,b5z9e1 us$ = clean+ ! plate1 sold by groc]s or druggi/s at ab\t five c5ts a p9t = common quality4 #c4 ,,:it+ or ,,spani% ,,:ite1 also = clean+ ! plate4 ,a v small quantity w d4 #d4 ,,clean ,,cotton ,,rags4--,"s pieces ( s(t old %irt+ are j ! ?+4 #e4 ,,et*+-,,gr\nd1 ) :i* to protect ! plate aga9/ ! action ( ! acid4 ,?is gr\nd is sold 9 balls ab\t ! size ( a walnut4 ,if y d n live 9 a city :]e y c buy ! gr\nd1 y may z well make x y\rself4 ,"h is a recipe = a v *eap & at ! same "t v good gr\nd4 ,x is ! gr\nd us$ by ,mr4 ,pet] ,moran1 "o ( ! mo/ exp]i5c$ ( our ,am]ican et*]s4 ,buy at a drug-%op 7n an apo!c>y's7 or pa9t]'s supply-/ore3-- ,two ounces be/ natural asphaltum 7also call$ ,egyptian asphaltum71 wor? ab\t t5 c5ts4 ,"o & a half ounces be/ :ite virg9 wax1 wor? ab\t six c5ts4 ,"o ounce ,burgundy pit*1 wor? say five c5ts4 ,break ! wax into small pieces1 & r$uce ! ,burgundy pit* to f9e p[d] 9 a mort>1 or h x p[d]$ at ! drug-%op4 ,take a clean e>!nw>e pot glaz$ on ! inside1 ) a h&le to x 79 ,bo/on y c buy "o = fifte5 c5ts at ,g4 ,a4 ,mill] ,co4's1 #aja ,%awmut ,av5ue71 & 9 ?is pot melt y\r asphaltum ov] a sl[ fire1 tak+ v good c>e n to let x boil ov]1 or o!rwise y might possibly set ! h\se afire4 ,:5 ! asphaltum has melt$ add ! wax gradually1 /irr+ all ! :ile ) a clean glass or metal rod4 ,!n add ! ,burgundy pit* 9 ! same way4 ,keep /irr+ ! fluid mass1 & let x boil up two or ?ree times1 always tak+ c>e to prev5t boil+ ov]6 ,!n p\r ! :ole into a pan full ( tepid wat]1 & :ile x is /ill s(t & pliant1 =m into balls ( ! requir$ size1 work+ all ! :ile "u ! wat]4 ,if y t\* ! mass :ile x is /ill too hot1 y may possibly burn y\r f+]s1 b a true en?usia/ does n c>e = su* small ?+s4 ,y w ?us get ab\t eight or n9e balls ( v good gr\nd at an outlay ( ab\t ?irty-six c5ts 9 ca%1 & "s little "t4 ,ne>ly all recipes ord] ! wax to be melt$ fir/1 b z ! asphaltum requires a great] heat to r$uce x to a fluid condition1 x is be/ to comm5ce ) ! lea/ tractable sub/ance4 ,= use1 wrap a ball ( ! gr\nd 9 a piece ( f9e & close silk 7taffeta71 & tie ?is toge!r ) a /r+4 #f4 ,,means ,,( ,,heat+ ,,! ,,plate4--,any s\rce ( heat emitt+ no smoke w d1 su* z a kit*5 /ove1 a _s lamp1 or a small quantity ( alcohol p\r$ on a plate & ignit$ 7:5 ! "t arrives74 #g4 ,a ,,h& ,,vice ) a wood5 h&le1 = hold+ ! plate :ile heat+ x2 price ab\t sev5ty-five c5ts at ! h>dw>e-/ores4 ,b a small monkey-wr5* w d z well1 & = ?is exp]im5t y c ev5 get along ) a pair ( p9c]s4 #h4 ,a ,,dabb] = lay+ ! gr\nd on ! plate4 ,cut a piece ( /\t c>d-bo>d1 two or ?ree in*es 9 diamet]2 on ?is lay a bun* ( horse-hair1 fre$ f all du/1 & ov] ?is aga9 "s cotton wool4 ,cov] ! :ole ) "o or two pieces ( clean taffeta 7a clean piece ( an old silk dress w d71 draw !m toge!r tightly ov] ! c>d-bo>d1 & tie ) a /r+4 ,:5 f9i%$ ! ?+ w look some?+ l a lady's toilet-ball4 ,! horse-hair is n absolutely necess>y1 & may be omitt$4 #i4 ,,means ,,( ,,smok+ ,,! ,,gr\nd4--,! gr\nd :5 laid on ! plate ) ! dabb]1 is q transp>5t & all[s ! glitt] ( ! metal to %9e ?r\gh4 ,to obta9 a bett] work+ surface ! gr\nd is black5$ by smok+ x4 ,= ?is purpose ! ?9 wax-tap]s kn[n to ,g]mans z ,wa*s/ock1 g5]ally sold at ,g]man toy-/ores1 are ! be/4 ,!y come 9 balls4 ,cut ! tap]s into l5g?s1 & twi/ six ( !m toge!r4 ,9 default ( ^! tap]s1 roll a piece ( cotton clo? into a roll ab\t z ?ick & z long z y\r middle f+]1 & soak "o end ( x 9 common lamp or sp]m oil4 #aj4 ,,/opp+-,,out ,,v>ni%1 us$ = protect+ ! back & ! edges ( ! plate1 & = /opp+ out1 ( :i* m h]eaft]4 ,if y _c buy x y c make x by dissolv+ an ounce ( asphaltum1 ! same z t us$ = ! gr\nd1 9 ab\t an ounce & a half ( spirits ( turp5t9e4 ,add ! asphaltum to ! turp5t9e little by little2 %ake ! bottle conta9+ ! mixture frequ5tly2 keep x 9 ! sun or a mod]ately w>m place4 ,! op]ation w require sev]al days4 ,! solution :5 f9i%$ %\ld be ( ! consi/5cy ( ?ick honey4 #aa4 ,,camel',s-,,hair ,,bru%es1 two or ?ree ( diff]5t sizes1 = lay+ on ! /opp+-out v>ni%1 & = o!r purposes4 #ab4 ,,et*+ ,,po9ts ,,or ,,ne$les1 = scrat*+ ! l9es into ! gr\nd4 ,rat-tail files ( good quality1 co/+ ab\t tw5ty c5ts ea* at ! h>dw>e-/ores1 are excell5t = ! purpose4 ,two are all y ne$ = y\r exp]im5t1 & ev5 "o w be suffici5t4 ,/ill *eap] po9ts c be made ( sew+1 knitt+1 or any o!r k9d ( ne$les1 m\nt$ 9 /icks ( wood l ! lead ( a lead-p5cil4 ,use glue or seal+-wax to fa/5 !m 9 ! wood4 #ac4 ,,an ,,oil-,,/one = gr9d+ ! po9ts4 #ad4 ,,an ,,et*+-,,tray to hold ! acid dur+ ! op]ation ( bit+4 ,trays are made ( glass1 porcela91 or india-rubb]1 & c g5]ally be _h at ! photograph]'s supply-/ores4 ,a small india-rubb] tray1 l>ge en\gh = y\r exp]im5t1 measur+ f\r by five in*es1 co/s fifty-five c5ts4 ,b y c make an excell5t tray y\rself ( pap]4 ,make a box1 ( ! requir$ size & ab\t "o & a half in*es high1 ( pa/ebo>d1 cov]$ ov] by sev]al lay]s ( /rong pap]1 well glu$ on4 ,if y c manage to make a lip or sp\t 9 "o ( ! corn]s1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,aft] ! glue has well dri$ p\r /opp+-out v>ni% into ! box1 & float x all ov] ! bottom & ! sides2 p\r ! residue ( ! v>ni% back into y\r bottle1 & all[ ! v>ni% 9 ! box to dry2 !n pa9t ! outside ( ! box ) ! same v>ni%4 ,repeat ?is process ?ree or f\r times4 ,su* a tray1 ) an occasional fre% coat+ ( v>ni%1 w la/ =ev]4 ,= y\r exp]im5t1 h[ev]1 any small porcela9 7n e>!nw>e7 or glass di% w d1 if x is only l>ge en\gh to hold y\r plate1 & all[ ! acid to /& ov] x to ! height ( ab\t half an in*4 #ae4 ,a ,,plate-,,lift]1 to lift y\r plate into & out ( ! ba? )\t soil+ y\r f+]s4 ,x consi/s ( two pieces ( /r+1 ea* say twelve to fifte5 in*es long1 ti$ to two cross-pieces ( wood1 ea* ab\t six in*es long1 ?us ,illu/ration4 ,x is well to keep ! f+]s out ( ! acid1 z x causes yell[ spots on ! sk91 :i* rema9 till !y we> (f4 #af4 ,,nitric ,,acid = bit+ 9 ! l9es4 ,any nitric acid sold by druggi/s w d1 b ! be/ is ! s-call$ *emically pure nitric acid made by ,messrs4 ,p[]s ,weightman1 ( ,philadelphia4 ,x comes put up 9 glass-/opp]$ bottles1 ! smalle/ ( :i* hold "o p\nd1 & sell = ab\t sixty c5ts4 #ag4 ,,wat] = mix+ ) ! acid & = wa%+ ! plate4 #ah4 ,,blott+-,,pap]1 s(t & ?ick1 sev]al %eets1 to dry ! plate1 z w be se5 h]eaft]4 #ai4 ,,spirits ,,( ,,h>t%orn ,,or ,,volatile ,,alkali4--,?is is n ne$$ = et*+1 b x is well to h x at h&1 9 case y %\ld spatt] y\r clo!s ) acid4 ,spots produc$ by ! acid c g5]ally be remov$ by rubb+ ) ! alkali1 :i* neutralizes ! acid4 #c4 ,gr\nd+ ! ,plate4--,hav+ procur$ all ^! requisites1 ! fir/ ?+ to d w be to clean ! plate s z to remove any oil or o!r impurities t may h be5 left on x by ! plate-mak]4 ,wa% & rub x well on bo? sides ) a s(t cotton rag & b5z9e1 & !n rub ) :it+1 z y w\ld d if y 7 to clean a door-plate4 ,take c>e to remove all ! :it+ ) a clean rag4 ,n[ take hold ( y\r plate by "o ( its corn]s ) ! h&-vice1 wr5*1 or p9c]s1 betwe5 ! jaws ( :i* y h put a bit ( c>d-bo>d or /\t pap]1 s z n to m>k ! plate4 ,hold x ov] ! /ove1 _s lamp1 or ignit$ alcohol1 & see to x t x is heat$ ev5ly ?r\gh\t4 ,hold ! plate 9 y\r left h& :ile heat+ x1 & ) ! o!r press aga9/ x ! ball ( gr\nd wrapp$ up 9 silk4 ,z soon z y see ! gr\nd melt+ ?r\gh ! silk1 di/ribute x ov] ! plate by rubb+ ! ball all ov] its surface 7! poli%$ surface1 z a matt] ( c\rse71 tak+ c>e ! :ile t ! plate rema9s j hot en\gh to melt ! gr\nd4 ,if x is too hot1 ! gr\nd w comm5ce to boil & w f9ally burn4 ,! bubbles caus$ by boil+ are liable to leave air-holes 9 ! gr\nd ?r\gh :i* ! acid may bite little holes 9 ! plate2 burn+ ru9s ! gr\nd altoge!r1 s t x loses its p[] ( )/&+ ! acid4 ,aft] y h di/ribut$ ! gr\nd tol]ably ev5ly1 & 9 a ?9 lay]1 lay ! plate d[n on ! table 7keep+ hold ( x1 h[ev]1 by ! corn]71 & f9i% ! di/ribution ( ! gr\nd by dabb+ ) ! dabb]4 ,/rike ! plate quickly & ) "s =ce at fir/1 & treat x m g5tly z ! gr\nd beg9s to cool4 ,if x %\ld h cool$ too mu*1 be=e ! di/ribution is accompli%$ to y\r satisfaction1 9 :i* case ! dabb] w draw ?reads1 heat ! plate g5tly4 ,! dabb] n only equalizes ! di/ribution ( ! v>ni%1 b also removes :at is sup]flu\s4 ,an extremely ?9 lay] ( gr\nd is suffici5t4 #d4 ,smok+ ! ,plate4--,:ile ! plate is yet hot1 & ! gr\nd s(t1 x mu/ be smok$4 ,light y\r tap]s or y\r oil tor*1 & turn ! plate upside d[n4 ,all[ ! flame j to t\* ! plate1 & keep mov+ x ab\t rapidly1 s t x may t\* all po9ts ( ! plate1 )\t rema9+ long at any "o ( !m4 ,if ?is precaution is ignor$1 ! gr\nd w be burn$1 ) ! result be=e /at$4 ,! smok+ is f9i%$ z soon z ! plate is uni=mly black5$ all ov]1 & ! glimm] ( ! metal c no long] be se5 ?r\gh ! gr\nd4 ,n[ all[ ! plate to cool s t ! gr\nd may h>d54 ,avoid du/ z mu* z possible :ile gr\nd+ & smok+ ! plate4 ,p>ticles ( du/ emb$d$ 9 ! gr\nd may cause holes :i* w admit ! acid :]e y d n wi% x to act4 #e4 ,po9ts or ,ne$les4--,! plate is n[ ready = draw+ ^u x1 b be=e y c proce$ to draw y mu/ prep>e y\r po9ts or ne$les4 ,two w d = ?is fir/ exp]im5t1 a f9e "o & a co>se "o4 ,= ! f9e "o y may use a sew+-ne$le1 = ! co>s] "o a m$ium embroid]y ne$le1 bo? set 9 wood s t ! po9ts project ab\t a qu>t] ( an in*4 ,if y are go+ to use rat-tail files1 gr9d ! h&le-ends on y\r oil-/one until !y atta9 ! requisite f95ess4 ,hold ! file flat on ! /one1 s z to get a gradually tap]+ po9t1 & turn cont9ually4 ,see to x t ev5 ! po9t ( y\r f9e/ ne$le is n too %>p4 ,if x scrat*es :5 y draw x lightly ov] a piece ( c>d-bo>d1 describe circles ) x on ! bo>d until x simply makes a m>k )\t scrat*+4 ,! co>se ne$le mu/ be ev5ly r\nd$1 z o!rwise x may h a cutt+ po9t some:]e4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,a4 #f4 ,draw+ on ! ,plate4--,z ! purpose ( y\r exp]im5t is simply to famili>ize y\rself ) ! te*nicalities ( et*+1 t is to say1 ) ! prep>ation ( ! plate1 ! managem5t ( ! po9ts1 & ! action ( ! acid1 x w be well to conf9e y\rself to ! draw+ ( l9es some?+ l ^? on ,pl4 ,a4 ,x is ! (fice ( ! po9t simply to remove ! gr\nd1 & lay b>e ! copp]4 ,b ?is x mu/ d ?or\ghly1 = ! slighte/ cov]+ left on ! plate w prev5t ! acid f attack+ ! copp]4 ,y mu/ !re=e use suffici5t pressure to accompli% ?is end1 b at ! same "t y mu/ avoid cutt+ into ! copp] by us+ too mu* pressure4 ,:]ev] ! po9t has cut ! copp] ! acid acts m rapidly1 z ! poli%$ coat+ ( ! surface ( ! plate has be5 remov$4 ,x is evid5t f ?is t an ev5 pressure is necess>y to produce an ev5ly bitt5 l9e4 ,d n t\* ! gr\nd ) y\r h&s :ile draw+4 ,re/ y\r h& on ?ree or f\r ?icknesses ( s(t blott+-pap]4 ,:5 y desire to %ift ! pap]1 lift x1 & nev] draw x ov] ! gr\nd4 ,hold ! po9t1 n slant+ly l a p5cil1 b z ne> z possible p]p5dicul>ly4 ,! po9t is a h>d in/rum5t1 ) :i* y _c produce a swell+ l9e1 z ) a p5cil or a p54 ,!re=e y\r only aim mu/ be an ev5 l9e1 produc$ by ev5 pressure4 ,! m9ute ?reads ( gr\nd ?r[n up by ! po9t y mu/ remove ) y\r l>ge/ camel's-hair bru%2 o!rwise !y may clog y\r l9es4 ,be=e comm5c+ to draw read ! description ( ,pl4 ,a giv5 "u ! head+ ,description ( ,plates4 #g4 ,prep>+ ! ,plate = ! ,ba?4--,if y 7 to put ! plate into ! acid ba? 9 ! /ate 9 :i* x is at pres5t1 ! acid w\ld corrode ! unprotect$ p>ts4 ,to prev5t ?is pa9t ! back1 & ! corn] by :i* y held ! plate :ile gr\nd+ x1 & ! edges ) /opp+-out v>ni%4 ,if y are n 9 a hurry 7& x is always be/ n to be 9 a hurry71 let ! v>ni% dry ov] night2 if y _c wait s long an h\r w be suffici5t = dry+4 ,:ile ! plate is dry+ y may lay x1 face d[nw>d1 on a little pile ( s(t pap]1 made up ( pieces small] ?an ! plate1 s t ! pap] may n t\* ! v>ni%$ edges4 #h4 ,! ,ba?4--,! prep>ation ( ! ba? is next 9 ord]4 ,asc]ta9 ! capacity ( ! di% or tray y are go+ to use by p\r+ wat] into x to fill x to half its height1 & !n measur+ ! wat]4 ,p\r "o half ( ?is quantity ( wat] back into ! tray1 & add to x ! same quantity ( nitric acid1 /irr+ ! mixture well ) a glass rod1 or a bit ( glass1 or a bird's fea!r1 if y happ5 to h "o1 or 9 default ( all ^! ) a bit ( /ick4 ,! mix+ ( wat] & acid induces *emical action1 & ?is produces heat4 ,! ba? mu/ !re=e be all[$ to cool half an h\r or s1 be=e ! plate is put into x4 ,nitric acid be+ a corrosive & poison\s fluid1 x is well to use "s c>e 9 h&l+ x4 ,o!rwise x may bite holes into y\r clo?+1 & disfigure y\r h&s1 z be=e not$4 ,by ! side ( y\r ba? h a l>ge vessel fill$ ) clean wat]1 9 :i* to wa% ! plate :5 x is )drawn f ! ba?1 & y\r f+]s 9 case y %\ld soil !m ) acid4 #i4 ,bit+ & ,/opp+ ,out4--,! ba? hav+ be5 prep>$1 & ! v>ni% on ! back & edges ( ! plate hav+ dri$ suffici5tly1 lay ! plate on ! plate-lift]1 face upw>d1 & lift x into ! ba?4 ,9 a few m9utes1 9 hot wea!r 9 a few seconds1 ! acid w beg9 to act on ! copp]4 ,?is is made evid5t to ! eye by ! bubbles :i* collect 9 ! l9es1 & to ! nose by ! fumes ( nitr\s acid :i* ! ba? exhales4 ,! bubbles mu/ be remov$ by g5tly bru%+ !m out ( ! l9es ) a bru% or ! vane ( a fea!r2 ! fumes x is be/ n to inhale1 z !y irritate ! ?roat4 ,aft] ! bit+ has gone on = ?ree m9utes 9 w>m1 or = five m9utes 9 cold wea!r1 lift ! plate out ( ! ba? into ! vessel fill$ ) wat]4 ,hav+ wa%$ x well1 s z to remove all traces ( ! acid1 lay x on a piece ( blott+-pap]1 & take up ! moi/ure f ! face by g5tly press+ ano!r piece ( ! same pap] aga9/ x4 ,!n fan ! plate = "s m9utes to make sure t x is absolutely dry4 ,if y h a pair ( bell[s y may disp5se ) ! blott+-pap] z well z ) ! fann+4 ,! l9es on ! plate1 hav+ all bitt5 = ! same l5g? ( "t1 are n[ all ( ab\t ! same dep?1 & if ! plate 7 clean$ & an impression tak5 f x1 !y w\ld all appe> ( ab\t ! same /r5g?1 ! only diff]5ce be+ t produc$ by diff]5ce 9 spac+ & 9 ! size ( ! ne$les4 ,?is is ! po9t :]e ! /opp+-out v>ni% comes 94 ,) a f9e camel's-hair bru% /op out1 t is to say1 pa9t ov] ) /opp+-out v>ni%1 ^? l9es or p>ts ( l9es :i* are to rema9 z !y are4 ,if ! v>ni% %\ld be too ?ick to fl[ easily f ! bru%1 mix a small quantity ( x 9 a pa9t sauc]1 or on a porcela9 slab1 or a piece ( glass1 ) a few drops ( b5z9e4 ,! v>ni%1 h[ev]1 mu/ n be too ?91 z 9 t case x w run 9 ! l9es1 & w fill !m :]e y d n wi% !m to be fill$4 ,if x is ( ! "r consi/5cy1 y c draw a clean & %>p l9e across ! et*$ l9es )\t dang] ( runn+4 ,:5 y h laid on y\r /opp+-out v>ni%1 fan x = "s m9utes until x has dri$ suffici5tly n to adh]e to ! f+] :5 lightly t\*$4 ,!n introduce ! plate into ! ba? aga91 & let ! bit+ cont9ue ano!r five m9utes4 ,remove aga91 /op out z be=e1 & cont9ue ^! op]ations z (t5 z y wi%4 ,b x w\ld be useless to let y\r accumulat$ bit+s on ?is exp]im5tal plate exce$ m ?an ?irty m9utes4 ,hav+ f9i%$ y\r la/ bit+1 clean ! plate ) b5z9e4 ,!n apply ! same process to y\r h&s1 & foll[ x up ) a vigor\s application ( soap & nail-bru%4 ,?is w leave y\r h&s z beautiful z !y 7 be=e4 ,x is h>dly wor? :ile to bo!r ) tak+ an impression f ?is trial plate1 unless y happ5 to h a pr9t] ne> by4 ,! plate itself w %[ y h[ ! acid has enl>g$ ! l9es at ea* successive bit+1 & x /&s to reason t ! broad] & deep] l9es %\ld give a d>k] impression ?an ! f9] & %all[] ones4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y h no pr9t] at h&1 & /ill desire to see h[ y\r "w looks 9 black & :ite1 y may consult ! *apt] on ,prov+ & ,pr9t+1 p4 #ee ( ,m4 ,lalanne's ,treatise4 99 99 99 99 99 ,y h n[ ga9$ "s idea ( ! !ory ( et*+1 h acqua9t$ y\rself ) ! use ( tools & mat]ials1 & h ma/]$ ! mo/ elem5t>y te*nical difficulties ( ! process4 ,y are !re=e 9 a position to pr(it by ! tea*+s ( ,m4 ,lalanne :i* foll[4 ,9 conclusion1 let me assure y t ! home-made appliances describ$ 9 ! =ego+ p>agraphs are q suffici5t1 te*nically1 = ! purposes ( ! et*]4 ,plate ,b1 ,mr4 ,walt] ,f4 ,lansil's fir/ essay 9 et*+1 0 execut$ accord+ to ! directions "h giv51 & ! arti/ has k9dly cons5t$ to let me use x = ! special purpose ( illu/rat+ ?is po9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,b4 ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,plates4 ,,plate ,a4 ,a ,trial ,plate4 ,?is plate is giv5 to %[ ! effect ( diff]5ce 9 l5g? ( bit+4 ,! l9es 9 ! eight upp] rectangles 7 all drawn be=e ! fir/ imm]sion ( ! plate1 ^? on ! left ) a f9e po9t1 ^? on ! "r ) a some:at co>s] "o4 ,aft] ! plate _h be5 9 ! ba? = ?ree m9utes1 x 0 )drawn1 & ! upp] rectangle on ! left /opp$ out4 ,! upp] rectangle on ! "r1 h[ev]1 _h h>dly be5 attack$ by ! acid1 z ! l9es _h be5 drawn ) a blunt] po9t1 :i* _h n scrat*$ ! copp]1 :ile ! f9e po9t _h4 ,x 0 !re=e all[$ to bite ano!r ?ree m9utes be=e x 0 /opp$ out4 ,! o!r rectangles 7 all[$ to bite t51 tw5ty1 & ?irty m9utes respectively1 by :i* means ! diff]5ce 9 value 0 produc$4 ,! figures a1 b1 c p]haps %[ ! results ( p>tial bit+ /ill bett]4 ,! ?ree 7 simply l9$ ) ! same po9t4 ,aft] ! fir/ bit+ !y all look$ l a4 ,?is 0 !n /opp$ out1 toge!r ) ! corn]s ( b & c4 ,aft] ! second bit+ b & c 7 bo? z b n[ is4 ,! :ole ( b 0 n[ /opp$ out1 & "p ( c1 all[+ only ! inn] loz5ge to rema9 expos$ to ! acid4 ,x is evid5t t ! diff]5ce 9 color 9 ^! figures is n due to ! draw+1 b is entirely ! result ( bit+4 ,,plate ,b4 ,vessels 9 ,bo/on ,h>bor4 ,a fir/ essay 9 et*+ by ,mr4 ,walt] ,f4 ,lansil1 m>9e pa9t]1 ( ,bo/on4 ,! arti/ has k9dly giv5 me p]mission to use ?is plate1 = ! purpose ( %[+ t ! home-made tools & mat]ials describ$ 9 ! ,introductory ,*apt] are q suffici5t = all ! te*nical purposes ( ! et*]4 ,x is em95tly home-made4 ,! gr\nd 0 prep>$ accord+ to ! recipe giv52 ! po9ts us$ 7 a sew+-ne$le & a knitt+-ne$le2 ! tray 9 :i* x 0 et*$ 0 made ( pap] cov]$ ) /opp+-out v>ni%2 ev5 ! plate 7a z9k plate by ! way7 did n come f ! plate-mak]1 b 0 gr\nd & poli%$ at home4 ,,plate ,ia4 ,et*+ aft] ,claude ,lorra94 ,unf9i%$ plate1 or fir/ /ate 7see pp4 #bc & #bi74 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n ! et*+ itself2 x is a photo-engrav+ f ! unf9i%$ et*+4 ,b x does well en\gh to %[ ! imp]fections allud$ to by ,m4 ,lalanne 9 ! text4 ,,plate ,i4 ,et*+ aft] ,claude ,lorra94 ,f9i%$ plate1 or second /ate 7see pp4 #cf & #ef74 ,clean wip$4 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,et*+ aft] ,claude ,lorra94 ,pr9t$ f ! same plate z ,pl4 ,i1 b treat$ z describ$ on p4 #eg4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two plates %[s :at ! art ( ! pr9t] c d = an et*+4 ,! diff]5ce w\ld be /ill great] if ,pl4 ,,ii4 7 bett] pr9t$2 = x is n pr9t$ z well z x might be1 al?\gh x 0 done 9 ,p>is4 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,a plat1 une po9te--flat bit+1 drawn ) "o po9t2 t is to say1 ! plate 0 imm]s$ only once1 & ! l9es are all ! result ( ! same ne$le1 s t ! effect is only produc$ by plac+ ! l9es close toge!r 9 ! =egr\nd1 & f>!r ap>t z ! di/ance rec$es 7see p4 #dc74 ,a plat1 plusieurs po9tes--flat bit+1 sev]al po9ts1 t is to say1 "o imm]sion only1 b ! "w ( f9] & co>s] po9ts is int]m+l$ 9 ! draw+4 ,p> c\v]tures1 plusieurs po9tes--/opp+ out & ! "w ( sev]al po9ts comb9$4 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,fig4 #a4 ,see p4 #bg4 ,fig4 #b4 ,see p4 #de4 ,figs4 #c1 #d & #e4 ,see p4 #df4 ,,plate ,v4 ,fig4 #a4 ,work$ ) "o po9t2 effect produc$ by /opp+ out 7see p4 #dd74 ,fig4 #b4 ,mottl$ t9t 9 ! build+1 c41 9 ! =egr\nd2 /opp+ out be=e bit+1 9 ! sky 7see p4 #ea74 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,s(t-gr\nd et*+s4 ,see p4 #eb4 ,,plate ,,vii4 ,dry-po9t et*+4 ,see p4 #ec4 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,a ,seville4 ,a sket*1 giv5 z a specim5 ( pr9t+ 7see p4 #eh74 ,,plate ,,ix4 ,a ,anv]s4 ,le ,haag1 ,am/]dam4 ,sket*es f nature1 to s]ve z examples4 ,,plate ,x4 7,frontispiece74 ,s\v5ir de ,bordeaux4 ,to be consult$ 9 reg>d to ! mann] ( us+ ! po9ts & p>tial bit+s4 ,,my ,,de> ,,monsieur ,,lalanne1,b ,b ,?is lett] prec$$ also ! fir/ edition ( #ahff4 ,if !re is any "o liv+ :o c write ab\t ,et*+1 x mu/ c]ta9ly be y1 z y possess all ! secrets ( ! art1 & are v]s$ 9 all its ref9em5ts1 its res\rces1 & its effects4 ,nev]!less1 :5 ,i 0 told t y int5d$ to publi% a book on ! subject1 ,i fe>$ t y 7 ab\t to attempt ! impossible2 = x seem$ z if ,abraham ,bosse _h exhau/$ ! !me two hundr$ ye>s ago1 & t y w\ld be condemn$ to repeat all t ?is excell5t man _h said 9 8 treatise1 9 :i*1 ) *>m+ naivete1 he tea*es ! art ( engrav+ to p]fection4 ,i mu/ confess1 h[ev]1 t ! read+ ( y\r manuscript v quickly undeceiv$ me4 ,i f9d 9 x numb]less useful & int]e/+ ?+s n to be f\nd any:]e else1 & ,i compreh5d t ,abraham ,bosse wrote = ^? :o "k1 :ile y write = ^? :o d n "k4 ,i 0 q "y1 & _h j left college1 :5 accid5t ?rew into my h&s ! ,traite des mani]es de grav] en taille d\ce sur l'aira9 p> le moy5 des eaux =tes et des v]nis durs et mols4 ,p]haps ,i might h paid no att5tion to ?is book1 if ,i _h n previ\sly notic$ on ! /&s on ! ,quai ,voltaire "s et*+s by ,rembr&t1 :i* _h op5$ to me an entirely new _w ( poetry & ( dreams4 ,^! pr9ts _h tak5 su* hold ^u my imag9ation t ,i desir$ to le>n1 f ,bosse's ,treatise1 h[ ! ,dut* pa9t] _h manag$ to produce 8 /range & />tl+ effects & 8 my/]i\s tones1 ! fanta/ic play ( 8 lights & ! sil5ce ( 8 %ad[s4 ,rembr&t's et*+s on ! "o h&1 & ,bosse's book on ! o!r1 7 ! causes ( my resolution to le>n ! art ( engrav+1 & ( my subsequ5t entry into ! /udio ( ,calamatta & ,m]curi4 ,z soon z ,i knew h[ to hold ! bur9 & ! po9t1 ^! grave & illu/ri\s ma/]s plac$ be=e me an allegorical figure engrav$ by ,edel9ck1 ^: drap]y 0 execut$ 9 wav+ & w9d+ l9es1 incomp>able 9 _! correctness & beauty4 ,to break my h& to ! "w1 x 0 necess>y to copy on my plate ^! solemnly classical & maje/ically dispos$ l9es4 ,b :ile ,i cut into ! copp] ) re/ra9$ impati5ce1 my att5tion 0 secretly turn$ t[>ds ,rembr&t's celebrat$ portrait ( ,janus ,lutma1 a good impression ( :i* ,i own$1 & :i* ,i ?\ght ( copy+4 ,to make my debut 9 ?is sev]e s*ool--9 :i* we 7 all[$ to admire only ,m>c ,antonio1 ! ,ghisis1 ! ,audrans1 & ,nanteuil--) an et*+ by ,rembr&t1 w\ld h be5 a h]esy ( ! wor/ sort4 ,h5ce to be able to risk ?is infraction ( discipl9e1 ,i took v good c>e to keep my project to myself4 ,secretly ,i b\ght gr\nd1 wax1 & a plate1 & pr(it$ ( ! abs5ce ( my tea*]s to attempt1 ) fev]$ h&s1 to make a fac-simile ( ! ,lutma4 ,i _h foll[$ ! in/ructions ( ,abraham ,bosse ) reg>d to ! gr\nd1 & ,i proce$$ to bite 9 my plate ) ! assi/ance ( a comrade1 ,*>les ,no]dl+]1 at pres5t engrav] to ! k+ ( ,wurtemburg1 at ,/uttg>t1 :om ,i _h admitt$ z my accomplice 9 ?is delightful exp$ition4 ,y may well imag9e1 my de> ,monsieur ,lalanne1 t ,i met ) all sorts ( accid5ts1 su* z are likely to befall a novice1 & all ( :i* y describe s c>efully1 :ile at ! same "t y indicate fully & lucidly ! rem$ies t may be appli$4 ,! gr\nd crack$ 9 sev]al places1--happily 9 ! d>k p>ts4 ,my wax bord] _h be5 ha/ily con/ruct$1 & ,i did n "k !n1 al?\gh ,bosse says s1 t x is ! rule to pass a heat$ key along ! l[] l9e ( ! bord]1 s z to melt ! wax1 & ?us r5d] all escape impossible4 ,consequ5tly ! acid filt]$ ?r\gh "u ! wax1 & 9 try+ to arre/ ! fl[1 ,i burn$ my f+]s4 ,fur!rmore1 :5 x came to ! bit+ 9 ( ! %ad[s 9 ! portrait ( ,lutma1 ! gre5i% & !n :iti% ebullition produc$ by ! long-cont9u$ bit+ s fright5$ me1 t ,i ha/5$ to empty ! acid into a pail1 n1 h[ev]1 )\t hav+ spatt]$ a few drops on a pro( ( ! ,v[ ( ,l\is ,,xiii41 :i* _h be5 scrat*$ 9 ! pr9t+1 & :i* we 7 ab\t to repair4 ,at la/ ,i remov$ ! gr\nd1 &1 trembl+ all ov]1 w5t to h a pro( tak51 b n to ! pr9t] regul>ly employ$ by ,calamatta4 ,:at a disappo9tm5t6 ,i believ$ my et*+ to h be5 suffici5tly1 nay1 ev5 ov]-bitt51 & 9 reality ,i _h /opp$ half-way4 ,! color ( ! copp] _h deceiv$ me4 ,i _h se5 my portrait on ! f9e r$ gr\nd ( ! metal1 & n[ ,i saw x on ! crude :ite ( ! pap]4 ,i h>dly knew x aga94 ,x lack$ ! pr(undity1 ! my/]y1 ! h>mony 9 ! %ad[s1 :i* 7 precisely :at ,i _h /riv5 =4 ,! plate 0 only r\ghly cut up by l9es cross+ 9 all directions1 ?r\gh ! network ( :i* %one ! gr\nd :i* ,rembr&t _h subdu$1 s z to give all ! m brilliancy to ! w9d[ ) its lead$ panes1 to ! lights 9 ! =egr\nd1 & to ! *eek ( ! p5sive head ( ,lutma4 ,z luck w\ld h x1 all ! light "p 9 ! upp] half ( ! pr9t came out pretty well2 ! expression ( ! face 0 satisfactory1 & ! grimaces ( ! two small heads ( mon/]s :i* surm\nt ! back ( ! *air 7 p]fectly imitat$4 ,i _h to /r5g!n ! %ad[s by means ( ! r\lette1 & to g ov] ! mo/ prom95t folds ( ! coat ) ! grav]2 = ,i _h n ! k necess>y to enable me to und]take a second bit+4 ,bosse says a few words on ?is subject1 :i*1 z !y are want+ 9 cle>ness1 are apt to lead a beg9n] into error4 ,he speaks ( smok$ gr\nd1 :ile1 z y h s admirably %[n1 :ite gr\nd mu/ be us$ = ret\*+4 ,i !re=e f9i%$ my plate by pat*+ & cross-hat*+ & /ippl+1 & f9ally obta9$ a passable copy1 :i*1 at a little di/ance1 look$ some?+ l ! orig9al1 al?\gh1 to a practis$ eye1 x 0 really no?+ b a v rude imitation4 ,x is ne$less to say t we c>efully oblit]at$ all evid5ce ( our proce$+s1 & t1 my tea*]s hav+ return$1 ,i w5t to "w aga91 ) hypocritical compunction1 ^u :at ,i call$ ! milit>y l9es ( ,g]>d ,edel9ck4 ,b we 7 betray$ by "s incauti\s words ( ! *amb]-woman1 & ,m4 ,calamatta1 hav+ discov]$ ! rose-pot1 scold$ ,*>les ,no]dl+] & myself r\ndly = ?is romantic escapade4 ,if my plate _h be5 worse1----! good ,"l only kn[s :at might h happ5$6 ,all ?is1 my de> ,m4 ,lalanne1 is simply int5d$ to %[ to y h[ greatly ,i e/eem ! excell5t advice :i* y give to ! "y et*]1 or aqua-=ti/e 7z ! phrase goes n[-a-days1 accord+ to a neologism :i* is h>dly less b>b>ic ?an ! ^w arti/ic74 ,:5 ,i recall ! ef=ts ( my y\?1 ! ardor ) :i* ,i deceiv$ myself1 ! hot ha/e ) :i* ,i fell into ! v errors :i* y po9t out1 ,i und]/& t y\r book is an absolute necessity2 & t ! arti/ or ! amateur1 :o1 hidd5 away 9 "s obscure prov9ce1 desires to enjoy ! agreeable pa/ime ( et*+1 ne$ only foll[1 /ep by /ep1 ! intellig5t & me?odical ord] ( y\r precepts1 to be enabl$ to c>ry ! mo/ complicat$ plate to a satisfactory end1 :e!r he *ooses to employ ! s(t gr\nd us$ by ,decamps1 ,masson1 & ,m>vy1 or :e!r he conf9es himself to ! ord9>y processes :i* y make s5sible ev5 to ! t\* ) a lucidity1 a famili>ity ) details1 & a c]ta9ty ( judgm5t1 n to be suffici5tly comm5d$4 ,hav+ read y\r ,treatise1 ,i admit1 n only t y h surpass$ y\r wor?y pr$ecessor1 ,abraham ,bosse1 b t y h absolutely sup]s$$ 8 book by mak+ y\r own indisp5sable4 ,if only ! amateurs1 ^: "t hangs heavily ^u !m2 if ! arti/s1 :o wi% to fix a fleet+ impression2 if ! ri*1 :o are sat$ ) ! pleasures ( photography1--_h an idea ( ! great *>m inh]5t 9 et*+1 y\r little "w w\ld h a m>vell\s success6 ,ev5 our elegant ladies & lit]>y wom51 tir$ ( _! d-no?+ lives & _! nick-nacks1 might f9d a relaxation full ( attractions 9 ! art ( draw+ on ! gr\nd & bit+-9 _! pass+ fancies4 ,madame de ,pompad\r1 :5 %e _h ceas$ to gov]n1 al?\gh %e cont9u$ to reign1 took ^u h]self a colossal ent]prise1--to amuse ! k+ & to div]t h]self4 ,y "k ! sixty-?ree pieces execut$ by ?is *>m+ engrav] 7note1 if y please1 t ,i d n say engrav]ess674 ,h] et*+s aft] ,eis5 & ,b\*] are exquisite4 ,! pulsation ( life1 ! fulness ( ! c>nations1 are express$ 9 !m by delicately trembl+ l9es2 & ,i d ?9k t ,madame de ,pompad\r c\ld n h done bett]1 ev5 if %e _h be5 y\r pupil4 ,at pres5t1 moreov]1 et*+ has1 9 "s measure1 become ! fa%ion aga9 z a sub/itute = li?ography1 an art :i* develop$ *>m z well z /r5g? "u ! crayon ( ,*>let1 ( ,g]icault1 ( ,gig\x1 & ( ,gav>ni4 ,! ,societe des ,aqua-=ti/es is ! fruit ( ?is r5aissance4 ,! art1 :i*1 9 our own day1 has be5 r5d]$ illu/ri\s by ! inimitable ,jacque1 n[ has its adepts 9 all c\ntries1 & 9 all imag9able sph]es ( society4 ,et*+s come to u f all po9ts ( ! compass3 ! ,hague s5ds ^? ( ,m4 ,cornet1 cons]vator ( ! ,museum2 ,pol&1 ^? :i* =m ! int]e/+ album ( ,m4 ,bronislas ,zaleski1 ! ,life ( ! ,kirghise ,/eppes2 ,london1 ^? ( ,m4 ,seym\r ,had51 s orig9al & full ( life1 & s well describ$ 9 ! catalogue ( our fri5d ,burty2 ,lisbon1 ^? ( ,k+ ,f]d9& ( ,portugal1 :o et*es z ,gr&ville drew1 b ) m suppl5ess & fre$om4 ,b aft] all ,p>is is ! place :]e ! be/ et*+s appe>1 m especially 9 ! ,gazette des ,beaux-,arts1 & 9 ! publications ( ! ,societe des ,aqua-=ti/es4 ,d y desire to press ?is caprici\s process into y\r s]vice = ! translation ( ! old or mod]n ma/]s8 ,h$\91 ,flam5g1 ,bracquemont1 w d wond]s = y4 ,y h told me y\rself t1 9 my ,o,euvre de ,rembr&t1 ,flam5g has s well imitat$ ?is great man1 t he himself w\ld be deceiv$ if he %\ld come to life aga94 ,z to ,jules ,jacquem>t1 he is p]fectly unique ( 8 k9d2 he compels et*+ to say :at x nev] be=e 0 able to say4 ,) ! po9t ( 8 ne$le he expresses ! d5sity ( porphyry2 ! coldness ( porcela92 ! ins9uat+ surface ( ,*9ese lacqu]2 ! transp>5t & impond]able f9esse ( ,v5etian glassw>e2 ! reliefs & ! *as$ l9es ( ! mo/ delicate works ( ! goldsmi?1 almo/ imp]ceptible 9 _! slightness2 ! poli% ( iron & /eel2 ! glitt]1 ! reflections1 & ev5 ! sonority ( bronze2 ! color ( silv] & ( gold1 z well z all ! lu/re ( ! diamond & all ! appreciable %ades ( ! em]ald1 ! turquoise1 & ! ruby4 ,i %all n speak ( y1 my de> monsieur1 nor ( y\r et*+s1 9 :i* ! /yle ( ,claude is s well unit$ to ! grace ( ,k>el ,duj>d94 ,y prea* by practis+2 & if "o _h only se5 ! plates ) :i* y h illu/rat$ y\r excell5t lessons1 "o w\ld recognize n only ! in/ructor b ! ma/]4 ,h5ce1 be )\t fe> or hesitation2 put =? confid5tly y\r little book2 x is j 9 "t to help reg5]ate ! art ( et*+1 & to direct its r5aissance4 ,= ^! reasons--m>k my pr$iction6--its success w be brilliant & la/+4 ,,*>les ,,blanc4 ,,introduction4 ,s9ce ! ye> #ahff1 :5 ! fir/ edition ( ?is treatise appe>$1 ! art ( et*+1 :i* 0 !n 9 full c\rse ( reg5]ation1 has ga9$ consid]ably 9 ext5t4 ,! t5d5cies ( mod]n art mu/ necess>ily favor ! so>+ flight ( ?is me?od ( engrav+1 :i* has be5 left 9 oblivion q too long4 ,x rema9$ = our contempor>y s*ool to accord to x ^? honors :i* ! s*ool ( ! fir/ empire _h d5i$ to x1 & :i* t ( #ahcj _h giv5 b timidly4 ,at ! p]iod la/ nam$ "s ( our illu/ri\s ma/]s1 by apply+ _! tal5t to occasional essays 9 et*+1 set an example :i* our own g5]ation1 expansive 9 its aspirations1 & anxi\sly desir\s ( gu>d+ ! rights ( individuality1 0 quick to foll[4 ,! ,gazette des ,beaux ,arts compreh5d$ ?is movem5t1 & contribut$ to its ext5sion by attract+ to itself ! arti/s :o r5d]$ !mselves illu/ri\s by ! "w done = its pages1 :ile1 by a sort ( natural reciprocity1 !y %$ ar\nd x ! pre/ige ( _! tal5ts4 ,! ,societe des ,aqua-=ti/es 7,et*+ ,club71 f\nd$ 9 #ahfc by ,alfr$ ,cad>t1 has also1 by ! unit$ ef=ts ( _m em95t et*]s1 done its %>e t[>ds br++ ! practice ( ?is art into notice1 & has popul>iz$ x 9 ! _w ( amateurs1 ^: numb]s x has be5 in/rum5tal 9 augm5t+2 :ile at ! same "t1 ow+ to ! nature ( its con/itution1 x has giv5 mat]ial support to ! arti/s4 ,private collections h be5 =m$1 & are gr[+ 9 ri*ness f day to day4 ,two royal arti/s1 ,k+ ,f]d9& ( ,portugal & ,k+ ,*>les ,,xv4 ( ,sw$51 h1 ?r\gh _! works1 tak5 an active "p 9 ! r5ewal ( et*+2 !y 7 ! happy sponsors ( a publication :i*1 "u ! "n ( ,l',illu/ration ,n\velle1 foll[s 9 ! foot/eps1 & cont9ues ! traditions1 ( ! ,societe des ,aqua-=ti/es4 ,simil> societies1 organiz$ 9 ,engl& & 9 ,belgium1#a are prosp]+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a great numb] ( art j\rnals1 ( books1 & ( albums1 owe _! success to ! use made 9 !m ( et*+s4 ,?is is true also ( ^? special editions :i* are sumptu\sly pr9t$ 9 small numb]s1 & are ! delight ( lov]s ( books4 ,et*+ has ?us tak5 a position 9 mod]n art :i* _c fail to become /ill m important4 ,ev]y?+ has be5 said1 wrote ,la ,bruy]e1 conc]n+ ! works ( ! p51 & we c only glean aft] ! poets4 ,! lit]ature ( two c5turies has giv5 ! lie to ! ass]tion ( ! celebrat$ morali/1 & x may also be affirm$ t et*+ has n yet spok5 its la/ ^w4 ,n only has x no ne$ ( glean+ aft] ! old ma/]s1 b x may r seek = preci\s models 9 ! works ( our contempor>y et*]s4 ,9 _! exp]i5ce may be f\nd fruit = ! pres5t z well z useful in=mation = ! future4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,et*]',s ,,/udio4 ,f ! ,?ird ,edition ( ,abraham ,bosse's ,treatise1 ,p>is1 #ageh4 ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,et*+4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,def9ition ,,& ,,"* ,,( ,,et*+4 #a4 ,def9ition4--,an et*+ is a design fix$ on metal by ! action ( an acid4 ,! art ( et*+ consi/s1 9 ! fir/ place1 9 draw+1 ) a po9t or ne$le1 ^u a metal plate1 :i* is p]fectly poli%$1 & cov]$ ) a lay] ( v>ni%1 or gr\nd1 black5$ by smoke2 &1 secondly1 9 expos+ ! plate1 :5 ! draw+ is f9i%$1 to ! action ( nitric acid4 ,! acid1 :i* does n affect fatty sub/ances b corrodes metal1 eats into ! l9es :i* h be5 laid b>e by ! ne$le1 & ?us ! draw+ is bitt5 94 ,! v>ni% is !n remov$ by wa%+ ! plate ) spirits ( turp5t9e1#b & ! design w be f\nd to be engrav$1 z x 71 on ! plate4 ,b1 z ! color ( ! copp] is mislead+1 x is impossible to judge prop]ly ( ! quality ( ! "w done until a pro( has be5 tak54 #b4 ,k ne$$ by ! ,et*]4--,! aspirant 9 ! art ( et*+1 hav+ famili>iz$ himself by a few trials ) ! appe>ance ( ! bright l9es produc$ by ! ne$le on ! d>k gr\nd ( smok$ v>ni%1 w soon g to "w on 8 plate confid5tly & unhesitat+ly2 &1 )\t tr\bl+ himself mu* ab\t ! uni=m appe>ance ( 8 "w1 he w gradually le>n to calculate 9 advance ! conv]sion ( 8 l9es into l9es m or less deeply bitt51 & ! *ange 9 appe>ance :i* ^! l9es und]go :5 transf]r$ to pap] by means ( ink & press4 ,x foll[s f ?is t ! et*] mu/1 f ! v beg9n+ ( 8 "w1 h a cle> conception ( ! idea he int5ds to realize on 8 plate1 z ! "w ( ! ne$le mu/ h>monize ) ! "* ( ! subject1 & z ! effect produc$ is f9ally det]m9$ by ! comb9ation ( ?is "w ) t ( ! acid4 ,! k ne$$ to br+ ab\t ^! intimate relations betwe5 ! ne$le1 :i* produces ! draw+1 & ! bit+-91 :i* supplies ! color1 con/itutes ! :ole sci5ce ( ! et*]4 #c4 ,mann] ( ,us+ ! ,ne$le4--,"* ( ,l9es4--,! ne$le or po9t mu/ be all[$ to play lightly on ! v>ni%1 s z to p]mit ! h& to move ) t unconc]n :i* is necess>y to great fre$om ( execution4 ,! use ( a mod]ately %>p ne$le w insure l9es :i* are full & n\ri%$ 9 ! delicate z well z 9 ! vigor\s p>ts ( ! "w4 ,we %all ?us secure ! means ( be+ simple4 ,nor w x be necess>y to dep>t f ?is "* ev5 9 plates requir+ ! mo/ m9ute execution2 all t is requir$ w be a f9] po9t1 & l9es ( a m delicate k9d4 ,b ! spaces left betwe5 ! latt] w be proportionately ! same1 or p]haps ev5 some:at wid]1 s z to prev5t ! acid f confus+ ! l9es by eat+ away ! ridges ( metal :i* are left /&+ betwe5 ! furr[s4 ,fre%ness & neatness dep5d on ^! conditions 9 small z well z 9 l>ge plates4 #d4 ,fre$om ( ,execution4--,x is a well-kn[n fact t ! engrav] :o employs ! bur9 7or grav]71 produces l9es on ! nak$ copp] or /eel :i* cross "o ano!r1 & are measur$ & regul>4 ,x is a necess>y consequ5ce ( ! importance ( l9e-engrav+1 gr[+ out ( its application to classical works ( high /yle1 t x %\ld always %[ ! sev]ity & coldness ( positive & almo/ ma!matical workman%ip4 ,) et*+ ?is is n ! case3 ! po9t mu/ be free & caprici\s2 x mu/ acc5tuate ! =ms ( objects )\t /iffness or dryness1 & mu/ delicately br+ out ! v>i\s di/ances1 )\t foll[+ any o!r law ?an t ( a picturesque h>mony 9 ! execution4 ,x may be made to "w ) precision1 :5ev] t is ne$$1 b only to be ab&on$ aft]w>ds to its natural grace4 ,x w be well1 h[ev]1 to avoid ov]-excitem5t & viol5ce 9 execution1 :i* give an air ( slov5l9ess to t :i* ought to be simply a rev]y4 #e4 ,h[ to produce ,diff]5ce 9 ,texture4--,! mann] ( execution to be select$ mu/ con=m to ! nature ( ! objects4 ,?is is ess5tial1 z we h at our disposition only a po9t1 ! play ( :i* on ! v>ni% is always ! same4 ,x foll[s t we mu/ v>y its /rokes1 s z to make x express diff]5ce 9 texture4 ,if we exam9e ! et*+s ( ! old ma/]s1 we %all f9d t !y _h a special way ( express+ foliage1 e>?1 rocks1 wat]1 ! sky1 figures1 ar*itecture1 c41 )\t1 h[ev]1 mak+ !mselves ! slaves ( too con/ra9+ a tradition4 #f4 ,! ,"w ( ! ,acid4--,aft] ! subject has be5 drawn on ! gr\nd1 ! acid /eps 9 to give v>iety to ! =ms :i* 7 laid out = x by ! ne$le1 to imp>t vibration to ?is "w ( uni=m aspect1 & to in=m x ) ! all-p]vad+ w>m? ( life4 ,9 pr9ciple1 a s+le bit+ ought to be suffici5t2 b if ! arti/ desires to secure great] v>iety 9 ! result by a succession ( p>tial bit+s1 ! diff]5t di/ances may be made to deta* !mselves f "o ano!r by cov]+ up ) v>ni% ! p>ts suffici5tly bitt5 ea* "t ! plate is )drawn f ! ba?4 ,! diff]5t p>ts :i* ! mordant is to play mu/ be regulat$ by ! feel+3 discreet & prud5t1 x w imp>t delicacy to ! t5d] values2 controll$ 9 its subtle functions1 x w c>efully m>k ! relative tones ( ! v>i\s di/ances2 less re/ra9$ & us$ m incisively1 x w dig into ! acc5tuat$ p>ts & w give !m =ce4 #g4 ,! ,use ( ! ,dry ,po9t4--,if h>mony has n be5 suffici5tly atta9$1 ! dry po9t is us$ on ! b>e metal1 to modify ! values incompletely r5d]$1 or express$ too h>%ly4 ,its (fice is to cov] su* insuffici5t passages ) a delicate t9t1 & to s]ve1 z ,*>les ,blanc has v well express$ x1 z a glaze 9 engrav+4 #h4 ,_s 9 :i* ! ,et*] mu/ "w4--,foll[ y\r feel+1 comb9e y\r modes ( expression1 e/abli% po9ts ( comp>ison1 & adopt f among ! practical means at comm& 7:i* dep5d on ! effect1 & on :i* ! effect dep5ds7 ^? :i* w be/ r5d] ! effect desir$3 ?is is ! c\rse to be foll[$ by ! et*]4 ,!re is pl5ty ( ! in/9ctive :i* practice w develop 9 him1 & 9 ?is he w f9d a gr[+ *>m & an irresi/ible attraction4 ,:at happy effects1 :at surprises1 :at un=ese5 discov]ies1 :5 ! v>ni% is remov$ f ! plate6 ,a bit ( good luck & ( inspiration (t5 does m ?an a me?odical rule1 :e!r we are engag$ on subjects ( our own inv5tion1--capricci1 z ! ,italians call !m1--or :e!r we are draw+ f nature directly on ! copp]4 ,! great aim is to arrive at ! fir/ onset at ! realization ( our ideas z !y are pres5t 9 our m9d4 ,an et*+ mu/ be virg9al1 l an improvisation4 #i4 ,expression ( ,individuality 9 ,et*+4--,hav+ once ma/]$ ! processes1 ! design] or pa9t] ne$ only c>ry 8 own individuality into a species ( "w :i* w no long] be /range to him1 !re to f9d aga9 ! expression ( ! tal5t :i* he display$ 9 ano!r field ( art4 ,he w compreh5d t et*+ has ?is ess5tially vital elem5t1--& 9 x lies ! /r5g? ( its pa/ & ! gu>anty ( its future1--t1 m ?an any o!r k9d ( engrav+ on metal1 x be>s ! impr9t ( ! "* ( ! arti/4 ,x p]sonifies & repres5ts him s well1 x id5tifies itself s closely ) 8 idea1 t x (t5 seems on ! po9t ( annihilat+ itself z a process 9 favor ( ?is idea4 ,rembr&t furni%es a /rik+ example ( ?is3 by ! int]mixture & div]sity ( ! me?ods employ$ by him1 he arriv$ at a suavity ( expression :i* may be call$ magical2 he diffus$ grace & dep? ?r\gh\t 8 "w4 ,9 "s ( 8 plates ! processes l5d !mselves s m>vell\sly to ! sev]e/ requirem5ts ( modell+1 & atta9 su* an extreme limit ( delicacy1 t ! eye c no long] foll[ !m1 ?us leav+ ! complete/ enjoym5t to ! intellect alone4 ,claude ,lorra91 on ! o!r h&1 knew h[ to conciliate fre$om ( execution ) maje/y ( /yle4 #aj4 ,value ( ,et*+ to ,arti/s4--,speak+ ( ?is subord9ation ( processes 9 et*+ to feel+1 ,i am induc$ to po9t out h[ _m ( ! ma/]s ( our "t1 judg+ by ! "* ( _! "w1 might h add$ to _! m]its _h !y b sub/itut$ ! et*]'s ne$le = ! crayon4 ,0 n ,decamps1 :o h&l$ ! po9t b little1 an et*] 9 8 draw+s & 8 li?ographs8 ,+res only execut$ "o solit>y et*+1 & yet1 simply by virtue ( 8 great k1 x seems z if 9 x he _h giv5 a pres5tim5t ( all ! secrets ( ! craft4 ,& did n ,gig\x give u a =eta/e ( ! "w ( ! acid1 :5 he produc$ ! illu/rations to 8 ,gil ,blas1 conceiv$ 9 ! _s ( an et*]1 :i*1 aft] ?irty ye>s ( innum]able simil> productions1 are /ill ! *ef-d'oeuvre & ! model ( engrav+ on wood4 ,& w\ld ,m\ill]on h be5 inf]ior1 if f ! /one he _h pass$ to ! copp] plate8 ,x w\ld be an easy matt] to multiply examples *os5 f among ! arti/s :o h boldly h&l$ ! ne$le1 or f among ^? :o might h tak5 x up ) equal advantage1 to prove t et*+ is n1 z x has be5 call$1 a second>y me?od4 ,!re are no second>y me?ods = ! manife/ation ( g5ius4 #aa4 ,v]satility ( ,et*+4--,! ne$le is ! crayon2 ! acid adds color4 ,! ne$le is sometimes all ! m eloqu5t because its means ( expression are conf9$ )9 m re/rict$ limits4 ,x is famili> & lively 9 ! sket*1 :i* by a v little mu/ say a great deal2 ! sket* is ! spontane\s lett]4 ,x all b rea*es ! highe/ expression :5 x is call$ 9 to translate a gr& spectacle1 or "o ( ^? fugitive effects ( light :i* nature seems to produce b sp>+ly1 s z to leave to art ! m]it ( fix+ !m4 #ab4 ,et*+ comp>$ to o!r ,/yles ( ,engrav+4--,by its v "* ( fre$om1 by ! intimate & rapid connection :i* x e/abli%es betwe5 ! h& & ! ?\ghts ( ! arti/1 et*+ becomes ! franke/ & mo/ natural ( int]pret]s4 ,^! are ! qualities :i* make x an honor to art1 ( :i* x is a glori\s bran*4 ,all o!r /yles ( engrav+ c nev] be any ?+ b a means ( reproduction4 ,we mu/ admire ! k1 ! intellig5ce1 & ! self-d5ial :i* ! l9e-engrav] devotes to ! s]vice ( 8 art4 ,b1 aft] all1 x is m]ely ! art ( assimilat+ an idea :i* is =eign to him1 & ( :i* he is ! slave4 ,by him ! *efs-d'oeuvre ( ! ma/]s are multipli$ & dissem9at$1 & sometimes1 9 giv+ et]nity to an orig9al "w1 he immortalizes 8 own "n2 b ! "p he has assum$ inevitably excludes him f all creative activity4 #ac4 ,et*+ z a ,reproductive ,art4--,^! res]ves hav+ be5 made 9 reg>d to ! engrav]1 ^: in/rum5t is ! bur91 ju/ice requires t ! reproductive et*] %\ld come 9 = 8 proportional %>e1 & t 8 functions %\ld be def9$4 ,"s ye>s ago1 a s*ool ( et*]s arose among u1 ^: mission x is to int]pret ^? works ( ! bru% :i*1 by ! delicacy & elegance ( _! "*1 _c be h>moniz$ ) ! sev]ity ( ! bur94 ,?is s*ool1 to :i* ,mr4 ,gau*]el gave a great impulse1 has be5 call$ 9 to fill a regrettable void 9 ! collections ( amateurs4 ,e "o kn[s ^? rem>kable publications1 ,les ,arti/es ,contempora9s1 & ,les ,pe9tres ,vivants1 :i*1 = ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 h reproduc$ 9 li?ography ! *efs-d'oeuvre ( our exhibitions ( pa9t+s4 ,to-day et*+ takes ! place ( li?ography2 x excels 9 ! reproduction ( mod]n l&scapes1 & ( ! g5re subjects :i* we owe to our mo/ e/eem$ pa9t]s4 ,x is n less happy 9 ! int]pretation ( c]ta9 ( ! old ma/]s1 ^: works make x impossible to approa* !m ) ! bur94 ,! catalogues ( celebrat$ gall]ies :i* h lately be5 sold also te/ify to ! important s]vices r5d]$ to art by ! reproductive et*]4 ,8 me?ods are free & rapid2 !y are n subject$ to a sev]e conv5tion ( =m4 ,he may re/ 8 own "w on ! g5ius ( o!rs1 s z to atta9 a success l t ( ! pa9t]-et*]2 b ! latt]1 z he ba!s 8 inspiration 9 ! acid & triumphantly )draws x1 f9ds 8 p[] & 8 res\rces )9 himself alone4 ,he is at once ! translator & ! poet4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,tools ,,& ,,mat]ials4--,,prep>+ ,,! ,,plate4--,,draw+ ,,on ,,! ,,plate ,,) ,,! ,,ne$le4 #ad4 ,me?od ( ,us+ ?is ,manual4--,z ! g5]al !ory giv5 9 ! prec$+ *apt] may seem too brief1 & may convey b an incomplete idea ( ! diff]5t op]ations involv$ 9 et*+1 ,i %all n[ endeavor to =mulate1 9 z concise a mann] z possible1 su* practical directions z ,i h _h occasion to give to a "y design]1 & to diff]5t o!r p]sons1 9 my own /udio4 ,i %all provide successively = all ! accid5ts :i* usually1 or :i* may possibly1 occur4 ,b ! beg9n] ne$ n tr\ble himself too mu* ab\t ! app>5t complication ( detail :i* ! foll[+ pages pres5t4 ,!y are int5d$1 r1 to be consult$1 l a diction>y1 z occasion arises4 ,9 all cases1 h[ev]1 x w be well1 on read+ ! book1 to make imm$iate application ( ! v>i\s directions giv51 s z to avoid all confusion ( detail 9 ! memory1 & to escape ! t$ium ( :at w\ld o!rwise be r dry read+4 ,a4 ,,tools ,,& ,,mat]ials4 #ae4 ,li/ ( ,tools & ,mat]ials ne$$4--,to beg9 )1 we mu/ provide ourselves ) ! foll[+ requisites3#c-- ,copp] plates4 ,a h&-vice4 ,ord9>y et*+-gr\nd & transp>5t gr\nd 9 balls4 ,liquid /opp+-out v>ni%4 ,bru%es ( diff]5t sizes4 ,two dabb]s1--"o = ! ord9>y v>ni%1 ! o!r = ! :ite or transp>5t v>ni%4 ,a wax tap]4 ,a ne$le-hold]4 ,ne$les ( v>i\s sizes4 ,a dry po9t4 ,a burni%]4 ,a scrap]4 ,an oil-/one ( be/ quality4 ,a l5s or magnify+-glass4 ,bord]+-wax4 ,an et*+-tr\gh made ( gutta-p]*a or ( porcela94 ,india-rubb] f+]-gloves4 ,nitric acid ( =ty degrees4 ,trac+-pap]4 ,gelat9e 9 %eets4 ,*alk or sangu9e4 ,em]y pap]1 ,no4 #jj or #jjj4 ,blott+-pap]4 ,a roll] = rev>ni%+1 ) its accessories4 ,to ^! ?+s we mu/ add a supply ( old rags4 #af4 ,quality & ,condition ( ,tools & ,mat]ials4--,too mu* c>e _c be tak5 z reg>ds ! quality ( ! copp]1 :i* metal is us$ by pref]5ce = et*+4 ,s(t copp] bites sl[ly1 :ile on h>d copp] ! acid acts m quickly & bites m deeply4 ,x is to be regrett$ t n[adays plates are g5]ally roll$1 :i* does n give d5sity en\gh to ! metal4 ,=m]ly !y 7 hamm]$1 & ! copp] 0 ( a bett] quality4 ,?us hamm]$1 ! metal becomes h>d1 & is less por\s2 its molecul> condition is mo/ favorable to ! action ( ! acid1 ! l9es are pur]1 & ev5 :5 ! "w is c>ri$ to ! extreme ( delicacy1 x is sure to be pres]v$ 9 ! bit+4 ,engli% copp] plates1 & plates t h be5 replan$1 are excell5t4 ,x is a good plan to buy ?ick plates1 ( a dim5sion small] ?an t ( ! designs to be made1 & to h !m hamm]$ out to ! requir$ size4 ,! plates ?us obta9$ w n fail to be v good4 ,! vice mu/ h a wood5 h&le1 s z to prev5t burn+ ! f+]s4 ,to meet all possible em]g5cies1 lamp-black may be mix$ ) ! liquid /opp+-out v>ni% 7petit v]nis liquide74 ,"s engrav]s f9d t x dries too quickly1 & !re=e1 fe>+ t x may *ip (f "u ! ne$le1 use x only = /opp+ out2 = ret\*+1 !y employ a special ret\*+ v>ni% 7v]nis au p9ceau74#d ,= bru%es1 select su* z are us$ 9 wat]-color pa9t+4 ,! silk ) :i* ! dabb]s are cov]$ mu/ be v f9e 9 ! ?read4 ,9 ord] to protect 8 f+]s1 an engrav] conceiv$ ! idea ( smok+ 8 plates by means ( ! ends ( sev]al c&les or wax tap]s plac$ toge!r 9 ! bottom ( a little vessel3 !y furni% an abundance ( smoke1 & c be ext+ui%$ by cov]+ up ! vessel4 ,! smoke ( a wax tap] is ! be/2 x is excell5t = small plates4 ,! ne$le-hold] holds %ort po9ts ( v>i\s ?icknesses1 d[n to ! f95ess ( sew+-ne$les4 ,to %>p5 an et*+-ne$le1 pass x ov] ! oil-/one1 hold+ x d[n flat1 & turn+ x cont9ually4 ,:5 x has atta9$ a high degree ( %>pness1 describe a l>ge circle ) x on a piece ( c>d-bo>d1 hold+ x fix$ betwe5 ! f+]s ?is "t1 & g on describ+ circles ( a cont9ually decreas+ size4 ,! ne>] y approa* to ! c5tre1 ! m v]tical mu/ be ! position ( ! ne$le4 ,! f95ess or ! co>s5ess ( ! po9t is regulat$ by keep+ ! ne$le away f1 or br++ x ne>] to1 ! c5tral po9t4 ,! dry po9t mu/ be gr\nd ) flat faces r ?an r\nd1 s z to cut ! copp]1 & p5etrate x ) ease4 ,if ! burni%] is n suffici5tly poli%$1 x scrat*es ! copp]1 & produces black spots 9 ! pro(s4 ,to keep x 9 good condition1 cut two grooves1 ! size ( ! burni%]1 9 a piece ( p9e bo>d4 ,rub x up & d[n ! fir/ ( ^! grooves1 conta9+ em]y p[d]2 & !n1 to give x its f9al lu/re1 repeat ! same process1 ) tripoli & oil1 9 ! second groove4 ,! /ones :i* are too h>d = razors are excell5t = ! scrap]s4 ,hav+ %>p5$ ! scrap] ) a little oil1 dur+ :i* op]ation y mu/ hold x d[n flat on ! /one1 pass x ov] y\r f+]-nail4 ,if ! t\* discloses ! pres5ce ( ! lea/ bit ( too?1 & if ! tool does n glide along ) ! greate/ ease1 ! gr9d+ mu/ be cont9u$1 z o!rwise ! scrap] w scrat* ! copp]4 ,y are at lib]ty to use two tr\ghs1--"o = ! acid ba?2 ! o!r1 fill$ ) wat]1 = wa%+ ! plate4 ,a glass funnel1 & a bottle ) a gr\nd-glass /opp]1 w be necess>y = fill+ 9 & keep+ ! et*+ liquid4 ,v>i\s sub/ances are us$ = f9i%+ (f ! copp] plates2 ! mo/ natural is ! pa/e obta9$ by rubb+ *>coal on ! oil-/one ) oil4 ,!n comes ! f9e em]y pap] ,nos4 #jj or #jjj1 rott5-/one1 tripoli1 ,engli% r$1 &1 f9ally1 slate4 ,p[d]$ slate1 produc$ by simply scrap+ ) a knife1 is excell5t1 us$ ) oil & a f9e rag1 ! same z o!r sub/ances4 ,! v>ni% = rev>ni%+ is no?+ b ord9>y et*+-gr\nd1 dissolv$ 9 oil ( lav5d]4 ,x mu/ be ab\t z /iff z honey 9 w9t]4 ,! roll]s = rev>ni%+1 :i* c be _h ( diff]5t sizes1 are cyl9drical 9 =m1 & are t]m9at$ by two h&les1 :i* revolve 9 ! h&s4 ,! roll] ought1 if possible1 to cov] ! :ole surface ( ! copp]4#e ,z soon z x has be5 us$1 x mu/ be put out ( ! way ( ! du/4 ,^! v>i\s recomm5dations are by no means unnecess>y1 z ! lea/ mat]ial ob/acle may sometimes h9d] ! flight ( ! imag9ation4 ,x is well to be arm$ aga9/ all ! tr\blesome vexations ( ! h&icraft2 = ! difficulties ( ! art are 9 !mselves suffici5t to occupy our att5tion4 ,b4 ,,prep>+ ,,! ,,plate4 ,i %all n[ proce$ to give ! v>i\s talks :i* ,i _h ) my "y pupil4 #ag4 ,lay+ ! ,gr\nd1 or ,v>ni%+4--,y h "h a plate1 ,i say to him2 ,i clean x ) turp5t9e2 !n1 hav+ well wip$ x ) a piece ( f9e l951 & hav+ /ill fur!r clean$ x by rubb+ x ) ,spani% :ite 7or :it+71 ,i fa/5 x into ! vice by "o ( its edges1 tak+ c>e to place a tol]ably ?ick piece ( pap] "u ! tee? ( ! vice1 s z to protect ! copp] aga9/ injury4 ,i n[ hold ! plate ) its back ov] ?is *af+-di%2 b a piece ( burn+ pap]1 or ! flame ( a _s-lamp1 w d equally well4 ,z soon z ! plate is suffici5tly heat$1 ,i place ^u its poli%$ surface ?is ball ( ord9>y et*+-gr\nd1 wrapp$ up 9 a piece ( pla9 taffeta2 ! heat causes ! gr\nd to melt4 ,if ! plate is too hot1 ! v>ni% comm5ces to boil :ile melt+2 9 t case1 we mu/ all[ ! plate to cool some:at1 z o!rwise ! gr\nd w be burn$4 ,i pass ! ball ov] ! :ole surface ( ! copp]1 tak+ c>e n to ov]*>ge ! plate ) ! gr\nd4 ,!n1 ) ! dabb]1 ,i dab x 9 all directions2 at fir/1 vigor\sly & quickly1 s z to spread & equalize ! lay] ( v>ni%2 & f9ally1 z ! v>ni% cools1 ,i apply ! dabb] m delicately4 ,! appe>ance ( inequalities1 & ( little protrud+ po9ts 9 ! gr\nd1 indicates t x is laid on too ?ick1 & ! dabb+ mu/ be cont9u$1 until we h obta9$ a p]fectly homog5e\s lay]4 ,?is mu/ be v ?91--suffici5t to resi/ /rong bit+1 & yet all[+ ! po9t to draw ! v f9e/ l9es1 :i* x w be difficult to d ) too mu* v>ni%4 #ah4 ,smok+4--,)\t wait+ = ! plate to cool1 ,i turn x ov]1 & pres5t its v>ni%$ side to ! smoke ( a tor* or a wax tap]1 :i* ,i hold at a di/ance ( ab\t two c5timetres f ! plate1 s z n to injure ! v>ni%4 ,i keep mov+ ! flame ab\t 9 all directions1 to avoid burn+ ! v>ni% 7:i* latt] w\ld take place if ! flame rema9$ too long at ! same po9t71 & ?us ,i obta9 a brilliant black surface4 ,all ! transp>5cy is gone2 we see nei!r copp] nor v>ni%1 & ?is is a sign t our op]ation has succe$$4 ,all we ne$ d n[ is to all[ ! plate to cool & ! v>ni% to h>d51 & !n y c comm5ce mak+ y\r draw+4 ,y call my att5tion to ! fact t ! v>ni%1 9 cool+1 loses ! brilliancy :i* x _h 9 its liquid /ate4 ,?is is always ! case4 ,& see ! p]fect neatness & ev5ness ( ! v>ni%$ & smok$ surface6 ,"h is a plate :i* 0 spoil$ 9 ! smok+4 ,! fir/ ?+ t /rikes u is t we see ! m>ks left by ! passage ( ! tap]4 ,at a p9*1 ^! m>ks might1 p]haps1 be no inconv5i5ce to u 9 work+2 b "h ! brilliant black is brok5 by v dull spots4 ,^! are places 9 :i* ! v>ni% 0 burn$2 x w scale (f "u ! ne$le1 & has lo/ ! p[] ( resi/+ ! acid4 ,we mu/ !re=e clean ?is plate ) spirits ( turp5t9e1 & comm5ce op]ations afre%4 ,! gr\nd is black5$1 because its natural transp>5cy does n p]mit u to see ! "w ( ! po9t4 ,?is "w produces :at might be call$ a negative design2 t is to say1 a design 9 bright l9es on a black gr\nd4 ,?is is r p]plex+ at fir/1 b y w soon become accu/om$ to x4 ,c4 ,,draw+ ,,on ,,! ,,plate ,,) ,,! ,,ne$le4 #ai4 ,! ,transp>5t ,scre54--,y mu/ place y\rself s z to face ?is w9d[1 & betwe5 y & x we mu/ introduce1 9 an incl9$ position1 a transp>5t scre5 made ( trac+ pap] /ret*$ on a wood5 frame1 :i* w prev5t y\r see+ ! w9d[4 ,?is scre5 w s(t5 & /ra9 ! light2 x w r$uce ! reflection ( ! copp]1 & w all[ y to see :at y are do+4 ,9 design+ on ! plate out ( doors1 ! scre5 is unnecess>y1 s9ce1 z ! light falls equally ^u ! copp] f all directions1 ! reflection is done away )1 & ! copp] does n dazzle ! eye z x does :5 ! light emanates f a s+le s\rce4 #bj4 ,ne$les or ,po9ts4--,y may use a s+le ne$le1 or y may use sev]al ( diff]5t degrees ( %>pness1 ev5 d[n to sew+-ne$les1 z y w see lat] on2 b y\r "w on ! plate w always look uni=m1 )\t di/ance & )\t relief4 ,! modell+ & color+ ( ! design mu/ be left to ! acid4 ,! po9t mu/ be held on ! plate z p]p5dicul>ly z possible1 z ! purity ( ! l9e dep5ds on ! angle ( incid5ce :i* ! po9t makes ) ! copp]2 fur!rmore1 x mu/ be possible to direct x freely & easily 9 all directions1 & x is1 !re=e1 necess>y t ! ne$le %\ld n be too %>p4 ,to make sure ( ?is1 draw a numb] ( eights on ! m>g9 ( y\r plate1 or simply an oblique l9e f bel[ upw>ds 9 ! direction ( ! ne$le4 ,if x does n glide along easily1 if x attacks ! copp] & cat*es 9 x1 y mu/ regr9d x4 ,?is is important1 z 9 pr9ciple ! function ( ! ne$le is to trace ! design by remov+ ! v>ni% f ! copp]1 :ile x mu/ avoid scrat*+ x4 ,by scrat*+ ! metal we encroa* on ! doma9 ( ! acid1 & inequality ( "w is ! result1 s9ce ! acid acts m vigor\sly on ^? p>ts :i* h be5 scrat*$ ?an on ^? :i* h simply be5 laid b>e4 ,we mu/ feel ! copp] "u ! po9t1 )\t1 h[ev]1 p5etrat+ into x4 ,! opposite effect is produc$ if we op]ate too timidly4 ,9 ?is case we d n rea* ! copp]4 ,we remove ! black5$ surface1 & x seems z if we _h also remov$ ! v>ni%1 s9ce we see ! copp] %9+ ?r\gh x4 ,b we %all f9d lat]1 f ! fact t ! acid does n bite1 t we did n be> heavily en\gh on ! ne$le4 ,at fir/ !re is a t5d5cy to proce$ z 9 draw+ on pap]1 giv+ great] lightness to ! t\* ( ! po9t 9 ! di/ances1 & be>+ on x m vigor\sly 9 ! =egr\nds4 ,b ?is is useless4 ,!re are c]ta9 arti/s1 nev]!less1 :o pref] to attack ! copp] ) cutt+ po9ts 9 ! f9] z well z 9 ! m vigor\s p>ts ( _! "w1 & to bite 9 ) /rong acid2 o!rs1 aga91 dig resolutely into ! copp] :]ev] !y desire to produce a p[]ful tone4 ,abraham ,bosse1 9 apply+ et*+ to l9e-engrav+1 advises 8 read]s to cut ! copp] slightly 9 ! l9es :i* are to appe> f9e1 & to dig vigor\sly into ! plate = ^? l9es :i* are to be v heavy1 s t delicate z well z /rong "w may be obta9$ at "o & ! same bit+4 ,z x is necess>y 9 ?is sort ( engrav+ to ret\* ! heavy l9es ) ! bur91 we c und]/& t 9 ! way %[n ! "w ( ! in/rum5t nam$ may be facilitat$4 #ba4 ,temp]ature ( ! ,room4--,9 summ] ! temp]ature s(t5s ! v>ni%1 & ! ne$le works pliantly & easily2 9 w9t] ! cold h>d5s ! v>ni%1 s t x is apt to scale (f "u ! po9t1 especially at ! cross+ ( ! l9es4 ,x is advisable1 !re=e1 to h y\r room well heat$1 or to supply y\rself ) two ca/-metal plates or two li?ographic /ones1 or ev5 two bricks1 if y please1 :i* mu/ be w>m$ & plac$ "u y\r plate alt]nately1 s z to keep x at a s(t & uni=m temp]ature4 ,practice has %[n t "w done at ! "r temp]ature is s(t] ?an t execut$ :5 ! v>ni% is too cold1 ev5 if x is n suffici5tly s to scale (f4 #bb4 ,! ,trac+4--,accord+ to ! k9d ( "w to be done1 we %all ei!r draw directly on ! plate1 or1 9 ! case ( a draw+ :i* is to be copi$ ( its own size1 we %all make use ( a trac+4 ,_m engrav]s emancipate !mselves f ! trac+1 & accu/om !mselves to rev]s+ ! orig9al :ile !y copy x4 ,! mann] ( us+ a trac+ is well kn[n4 ,we %all ne$ trac+-pap]1 pap] rubb$ ) sangu9e on "o side1 & a p5cil4 ,! trac+ is made on ! trac+-pap]1 & ?is is aft]w>ds plac$ on ! prep>$ plate2 betwe5 ! trac+ & ! plate we introduce ! pap] rubb$ ) sangu9e2 !n1 ) a v f9e lead-p5cil1 or ) a some:at blunt ne$le1 we g c>efully ov] ! l9es ( ! design1 :i*1 "u ! g5tle pressure ( ! tool1 is ?us transf]r$ 9 r$ to ! black gr\nd4 ,x is unnecess>y to use mu* pressure1 z o!rwise y\r trac+ w be obscur$ by ! sangu9e & y w f9d nei!r precision nor delicacy 9 x4 ,fur!rmore1 y run ! risk ( injur+ ! gr\nd4 ,! trac+ is us$ simply to indicate ! places :]e ! l9es are to be1 & x mu/ be left to ! ne$le to def9e !m4 #bc4 ,rev]s+ ! ,design4--,:5ev] y\r task is ! int]pretation ( an object ( fix$ aspect1 su* z a monum5t1 or "s well-kn[n sc5e1 or human be+s 9 a giv5 attitude1 y w be oblig$ to rev]se ! draw+ on y\r plate1 z o!rwise x w appe> rev]s$ 9 ! pro(4 ,y mu/1 !re=e1 rev]se y\r trac+1 :i* is a v easy matt]1 z ! design is equally visible on bo? sides ( ! trac+-pap]4 ,gelat9e 9 %eets1 h[ev]1 (f]s /ill great] advantages :5 a design is to be rev]s$4 ,place ! gelat9e on ! design1 &1 z x is easily scrat*$1 make y\r trac+ ) a v f9e-po9t$ & %>p ne$le1 occasionally slipp+ a piece ( black pap] und]nea? ! gelat9e to assure y\rself t y h omitt$ no?+4 ,! po9t1 9 scrat*+ ! gelat9e1 raises a bur1 & ?is mu/ be remov$ g5tly ) a pap] /ump1 or ) ! scrap]1 aft] :i* op]ation ! trac+ is rubb$ 9 ) p[d]$ sangu9e4 ,hav+ n[ ?or\ghly clean$ ! %eet1 s t no p[d] is left any:]e b 9 ! furr[s1 we turn ! %eet ov] & lay x d[n on ! plate1 & f9ally rub x on its back 9 all directions1 = :i* purpose we use ! burni%] dipp$ 9 oil4 ,! design1 rev]s$1 w be f\nd trac$ on ! v>ni% 9 extremely f9e l9es4 #bd4 ,use ( ! ,mirror4--,! trac+ f9i%$1 place a mirror be=e y\r plate on ! table1 & z close by z possible2 betwe5 ! plate & ! mirror fix ! design to be reproduc$1 & !n draw ! reflect$ image4 ,= ! sake ( great] conv5i5ce1 take y\r position at "r angles to ! w9d[ in/ead ( fac+ x1 s t ! light pass+ ?r\gh ! transp>5t scre5 on y\r left falls on ! mirror & ! design1 z well z on y\r "w4 ,:5 draw+ on ! copp] f nature1 if ! design is to be rev]s$1 y mu/ place y\rself ) y\r back to ! object to be drawn1 & s t y c easily see x 9 a small mirror set up be=e y\r plate4 ,?is is ! way ,m]yon proce$$3 /&+1 & hold+ 9 ! same h& 8 plate & a little mirror1 :i* he always c>ri$ 9 8 pocket1 he guid$ 8 po9t ) ! mo/ absolute surety1 )\t any fur!r support4 #be4 ,precautions to be obs]v$ :ile ,draw+4--,be=e y beg9 to draw y mu/ trace ! m>g9 ( y\r design1 = ! guidance ( ! pr9t]4 ,to protect y\r plate1 x w be necess>y to cov] x ) v s(t pap]2 ! pressure ( ! h& does no h>m1 provid$ y avoid rubb+ ! v>ni%4 ,if y %\ld happ5 to damage x1 y mu/ close up ! brilliant little dots :i* y w obs]ve1 by t\*+ !m up1 v lightly & ) a v f9e bru%1 ) /opp+-out v>ni%4 #bf4 ,directions = ,draw+ ) ! ,ne$le4--,i might n[ let y copy "s v simple et*+2 b y\r k ( draw+ w1 ,i believe1 enable y to try y\r h& at a some:at m important ex]cise4 ,let u suppose1 !n1 t y are to draw a l&scape1 al?\gh ! practice y are ab\t to acquire applies to all o!r subjects equally well4 ,w y reproduce ?is design by ,claude ,lorra98 7,pl4 ,,ii47 ,x is a composition full ( *>m & color1 & v h>moni\s 9 effect4 ,use only "o ne$le1 & keep y\r "w close toge!r 9 ! di/ance & m op5 9 ! =egr\nd4 7,see ,pl4 ,ia47 ,t appe>s p>adoxical to y2 b ! nitric acid w soon tell y :y ?is is s4 ,i %all indicate to y1 aft] y\r plate has be5 bitt51 ^? cases 9 :i* y w h to proce$ diff]5tly1 or1 9 o!r words1 9 :i* y w h to draw y\r l9es ne>] toge!r or f>!r ap>t )\t reg>d to ! diff]5t di/ances4 ,i _c expla9 ?is subject m fully be=e y h become acqua9t$ ) ! process ( bit+ 91 z )\t ?is k x mu/ rema9 un9telligible to y4 ,?is rem>k holds good1 also1 ( :at ,i h told y on ! subject ( ! ne$les ( diff]5t degrees ( %>pness4 ,x is curi\s1 my de> sir1 to notice h[ at "o & ! same "t ! po9t comb9es a c]ta9 degree ( s(tness & ( precision2 ^? :o draw ) ! p5 ought also to be admir]s ( et*+4 ,x seems to me1 h[ev]1 t my l9es are too ?ick2 ,i h already laid sev]al ( !m1 & ! v>ni% is no long] visible2 ,i am afraid ,i h tak5 x up altoge!r4 ,y ne$ n feel any uneas9ess ab\t t2 x is simply ow+ to ! irradiation ( ! copp]1 ! brilliancy ( :i* ! scre5 does n completely subdue4 ,! bright l9e is made to look broad] ?an x really is by ! brilliant gloss ( ! metal4 ,b if y lay a piece ( trac+-pap] on ! plate y w see ! l9es z !y really are2 t is to say1 ) pl5ty ( space betwe5 !m4 ,by ! aid ( a l5s y c conv9ce y\rself /ill m easily2 y w (t5 h occasion to avail y\rself ( ?is in/rum5t to enable y to d f9e "w ) great] facility1 or to give y a bett] insight into :at y h already done4 ,z ! irradiation ( :i* we h j spok5 is apt to deceive u 9 reg>d to ! quantity ( ! "w done1 we may happ5 to f9d less ( x ?an we expect$ :5 ! plate has be5 bitt54 ,plates :i* to ! beg9n] seem to be q elaborately work$1 pres5t to ! acid l9es widely spac$ & insuffici5t 9 numb]1 ?us necessitat+ ret\*es4 ,x is ess5tial1 !re=e1 9 pr9ciple 7except 9 ! special cases to be po9t$ out h]eaft]71 to give to our "w1 9 its fir/ /ages1 all ! developm5t t is necess>y4 ,i =got to tell y t y mu/ provide y\rself ) a v s(t bru%1 say a badg]1 :i*1 f "t to "t1 y mu/ pass lightly ov] y\r plate s z to remove ! small p>ticles ( v>ni% rais$ by ! ne$le4 ,o!rwise y w n be able to see prop]ly :at y h be5 do+4 ,cont9ue1 & foll[ y\r own feel+2 "w away )\t fe> ( go+ wrong2 "s ( y\r errors y w be able to rem$y4 ,?us1 if y h made a mi/ake1 y c lay a ?9 coat ( liquid v>ni% ov] ! spoil$ "p by means ( a bru%2 9 a few seconds ! v>ni% w h dri$1 & y c make y\r correction4 ,y c employ ?is me?od = ! correction ( a faulty l9e1 or to re/ore a place :i* %\ld h rema9$ :ite1 b :i* y h inadv]t5tly %ad$4 ,"h ,i %all /op = ! pres5t1 & %all close by say+1 ,may good luck att5d y\r po9t1 z well z y\r acid6 ,!re is no?+ m to be said to y until aft] y\r plate has be5 bitt54 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,bit+4 #bg4 ,bord]+ ! ,plate4--,?is "w took "s "t4 ,our "y /ud5t1 impati5t to see ! trans=mation wr\ght by ! acid1 came back )\t keep+ me wait+ = him4 ,hurry up6 ,a tray1 acid1 & all ! accessories6 ,in/ead ( us+ a tray1 ,i tell him1 we c avail ourselves ( ano!r me?od1 :i* is us$ by _m engrav]s1 & :i* consi/s 9 bord]+ ! plate ) wax4 ,?is wax1#f hav+ be5 s(t5$ 9 w>m wat]1 is flatt5$ out into long /rips1 & is fa/5$ h]metically & v]tically ar\nd ! edges ( ! plate1 s t1 :5 h>d5$1 x =ms ! walls ( a vessel1 ! bottom ( :i* is repres5t$ by ! design drawn ) ! po9t4 ,to avoid dang]\s leaks1 heat a key1 & pass x along ! wax :]e x adh]es to ! plate2 ! wax melts1 &1 on reh>d5+1 (f]s all possible gu>antees ( solidity4 ,we n[ p\r ! acid on ! plate ?us conv]t$ into a tray1 & z we h tak5 c>e to =m a lip 9 "o ( ! angles made by ! bord]+ wax1 x is an easy matt] to p\r (f ! liquid aft] ea* bit+4 ,?is proce$+ is useful 9 ! case ( plates :i* are too l>ge = ! tray4 ,o!rwise1 h[ev]1 ,i pref] a tray made ( gutta-p]*a or porcela94 #bh4 ,! ,tray4--,let u n[ in/all ourselves at ?is table1 & let u cov] ! m>g9 & ! back ( ! plate ) a ?ick coat ( /opp+-out v>ni%4 ,z soon z ! v>ni% is p]fectly dry1 we place ! plate into ! tray /&+ horizontally on ! table1 & p\r on acid en\gh to cov] x to ! height ( ab\t a c5timetre4 ,?is dep?1 :i* is suffici5t = bit+1 all[s ! eye to foll[ ! process 9 its v>i\s /ages4 #bi4 ,/r5g? ( ! ,acid4--,?is acid is fre%1 & has n yet be5 us$2 b\ght at =ty degrees1 ,i mix x ) an equal quantity ( wat]1 :i* r$uces x to tw5ty degrees4 ,?is is ! /r5g? g5]ally adopt$ = ord9>y bit+4 ,its color is cle>1 & slightly yell[2 b z soon z x takes up ! copp] x becomes blue1 & !n gre54 ,z1 9 its pres5t /ate1 x w\ld act too impetu\sly1 ,i add to x a small quantity ( acid :i* has be5 us$ be=e4 ,y may also ?r[ a few scraps ( copp] into x ! day be=e us+ x2 ! old et*]s us$ = ?is purpose a copp] co91 l>g] or small]1 accord+ to ! volume ( ! ba?4#g #cj4 ,label y\r ,bottles6--,"o day1 "o ( my pupils1 hav+ a bad cold1 did n notice ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! smell ( ! acid & t ( ! turp5t9e1 & s plung$ a plate :i* he desir$ to bite1 into a ba? ( ! latt] fluid4 ,x's que]1 he said1 ?is won't bite1 & yet ! v>ni% scales (f4444 ,! l9es keep enl>g+1 & run into "o ano!r6 ,:at does ?is curi\s m$ley mean1 :i* appe>s on ! plate8 ,x 0 simple en\gh4 ,! spirits ( turp5t9e _h dissolv$ ! gr\nd1 & consequ5tly ! plate develop$ a %9+ & radiat+ surface be=e ! eyes ( our wond]+ /ud5t1 z if x _h j left ! h&s ( ! plate-mak]4 ,advice to ^? :o are abs5t-m9d$1 & :o are liable to mi/ake fluids :i* look alike = "o ano!r1--,label y\r bottles6 #ca4 ,! ,fir/ ,bit+4--,let u make ha/e n[1 ,i say to my pupil1 to d our bit+4 ,z ! heat ( ! day abates1 ! acid becomes less active2 & besides1 to judge by ! delicate "* ( ! orig9al we are to r5d]1 we %all ne$ at lea/ two or ?ree h\rs1 all told1 = ?is op]ation4 ,! task be=e u consi/s 9 ! reproduction ( a giv5 "w1 ! m]it ( :i* lies 9 ! gradation 9 ! v>i\s di/ances4 ,x ne$s "t & att5tion to be able to c>ry all ! necess>y processes successfully into practice4 ,x w be pla9 to y1 f :at ,i h j said1 t ! op]ation y are ab\t to engage 9 is "o ( ! mo/ delicate 9 ! et*]'s practice4 ,!re is ! plate 9 ! acid2 ! liquid has tak5 hold ( ! copp]2 b y\r sky mu/ be light1 & a prolong$ corrosion w\ld !re=e be hurtful to x4 ,h5ce we take ! plate out ( ! ba?1 pass x ?r\gh pure wat]1 s t no acid is left 9 ! l9es1 & cov] x ) sev]al %eets ( blott+-pap]1 :i*1 be+ press$ aga9/ x by ! h&1 dries ! plate4 ,we %all h to g ?r\gh ! same process aft] ea* p>tial bit+1 because if ! plate 7 moi/1 ! /opp+-out v>ni% :i* we are go+ to apply to x w\ld n adh]e4 #cb4 ,! ,use ( ! ,fea!r4--,y notic$ ! lively ebullitions on ! plate1 :i* took place twice 9 succession4 ,aft] ! fir/1 ,i pass$ ?is fea!r lightly ov] ! copp]1 to %[ y its use4 ,its vane remov$ ! bubbles :i* adh]$ to ! l9es4 ,?is precaution is necess>y1 especially :5 ! ebullitions acquire "s int5sity & are prolong$1 to facilitate ! bit+1 z ! gas by :i* ! bubbles are =m$ keeps ! acid out ( ! l9es4 ,if ^! bubbles are n de/roy$1 ! abs5ce ( bit+ 9 ! l9es is %[n 9 ! pro(s by a s]ies ( little :ite po9ts4 ,su* po9ts are noticeable 9 "s ( ! plates et*$ by ,p]elle1 :o1 x seems1 ignor$ ?is precaution4 #cc4 ,/opp+ ,out4--,! two rapid ebullitions :i* y saw may s]ve y z a /&>d ( measurem5t2 ! bit+ produc$ by !m mu/ be v light1 & suffici5t = ! tone ( ! sky4 ,y may1 !re=e1 cov] ! entire sky ) /opp+-out v>ni% by means ( a bru%1 tak+ c>e to /op %ort j ?is side ( ! outl9es ( ! o!r di/ances4 ,! importance ( mix+ lamp-black ) y\r /opp+-out v>ni% to ?ick5 x1 comes 9 j "h2 because if x rema9$ 9 its liquid /ate1 x might be drawn by capill>y attraction into ! l9es ( ^? p>ts :i* y desire to res]ve1 & ?us1 by ob/ruct+ !m1 might /op ! bit+ 9 places :]e x ought to cont9ue4 ,wait till ! v>ni% has become p]fectly dry2 y c assure y\rself ( ?is by brea?+ ^u x2 if x rema9s brilliant1 x is /ill s(t1 & ! acid w eat into x2 b z soon z x is dry x w assume a dull surface "u y\r brea?4#h #cd4 ,effect ( ,temp]ature on ,bit+4--,let u n[ return ! plate to ! ba?1 to obta9 ! values ( ! o!r di/ances4 ,! temp]ature has a great effect on ! int5sity ( ! ebullitions1 & x is h>dly possible to dep5d on x absolutely z a fix$ basis on :i* to re/ a calculation ( ! "t necess>y = ea* bit+1 z its own v>iability r5d]s x difficult to appreciate ! aid to be receiv$ f x4 ,9 w9t]1 = in/ance1 ) ! same /r5g? ( acid1 x ne$s f\r or five times z mu* "t to rea* ! same result z 9 summ]1 s t on v hot days ! bit+ progresses s rapidly t ! plate _c be lo/ sight ( = a s+le mom5t )\t risk ( ov]-bit+4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 ,ia4 #ce4 ,bit+ cont9u$4--,we h n[ obta9$ sev]al mod]ate ebullitions1 & z x w\ld n d to exagg]ate ! tone ( ! m\nta9 9 ! backgr\nd1 x is "t to )draw ! plate once m4 ,uncov] a s+le l9e by remov+ ! gr\nd1 ei!r ) ! nail ( y\r f+] or ) a v small bru% dipp$ into spirits ( turp5t9e1 to exam9e :e!r x is deeply en\gh bitt5 = ! di/ance :i* x is to repres5t4 ,if ! dep? is n suffici5t1 cov] x ) /opp+-out v>ni%1 & bite aga94 ,?is is n necess>y1 h[ev]1 9 our pres5t case1 & y may !re=e /op out ! :ole backgr\nd4 ,rememb]1 if y please1 t ! l9e mu/ look less heavy ?an x is to %[ 9 ! pro(2 = y mu/ take into acc\nt ! black color ( ! pr9t+-ink4 ,) y\r bru% g ov] ! edges ( ! trees :i* are to be reliev$ r lightly aga9/ ! sky1 z well z ov] t "p ( ! %ad[ 9 ?is t[] :i* bl5ds ) ! light4 ,!re are also "s delicate passages 9 ! figure ( ! woman 9 ! =egr\nd1 9 ! details ( ! plants1 & 9 ! folds ( ?is t5t 7,pl4 ,ia74 ,/op out all ^!1 & d n lose sight ( ! values ( ! orig9al 7,pl4 ,,ii474 ,make use ( ! bru% to rev>ni% sev]al places :i* are scal+ (f on ! m>g9 & ! back ( ! plate4 ,! temp]ature is favorable2 ! ebullitions come on )\t lett+ u wait long1 & ! plate is blu+ rapidly4 ,i d n l to see ^! op]ations drag on2 9 w9t]1 !re=e1 ,i d my bit+ ne> ! fire4 ,we soon acquire a passion = bit+1 & take an ev]-gr[+ int]e/ 9 x1 :i* is incessantly %>p5$ by ?9k+ ( ! result to :i* we aspire4 ,h5ce ! desire ( con/ant obs]vation1 & t assiduity 9 foll[+ all ! phases ( ! bit+-94 ,i notice t ! acid does n act on c]ta9 p>ts ( y\r "w2 y w f9d out soon en\gh :at t means4 #cf4 ,treatm5t ( ! ,v>i\s ,di/ances4--,i am ?9k+ j n[ ( :at y told me 9 reg>d to ! backgr\nd3--t m "w ought to be put into x ?an into ! =egr\nd4 ,no?+1 inde$1 is simpl]4 ,y und]/& t ! backgr\nd1 :i* is bitt5 9 q lightly1 mu/ %[ v delicate l9es1 :ile 9 ! middle di/ance & 9 ! =egr\nd ! l9es are enl>g$ by ! action ( successive bit+s4 ,:5 x comes to ! pr9t+1 ! quantity ( ink receiv$ by ^! v>i\s l9es w be 9 proportion to ! values :i* y desir$ to obta91 & 9 ! pro(s y w h a v>iety ( light] or /rong] tones1 giv+ y ! ne$$ gradations 9 ! v>i\s di/ances4 ,x foll[s f ?is t1 if y _h work$ too sp>+ly on ! di/ances :i* receive only a light bit+1 y c\ld n h rea*$ ! value ( ! tone :i* y /rove to get1 & if y _h work$ too closely on ^? p>ts :i* require cont9u$ bit+1 y w\ld h _h a black & indi/9ct tone1 because ! l9es1 :i* are enl>g$ by ! acid1 & consequ5tly keep approa*+ "o ano!r1 w\ld f9ally h run toge!r into "o confus$ mass1 produc+ :at 9 ,fr5* is call$ a creve 7blot*74 ,9 an et*+ ! space betwe5 ! l9es mu/ be made to s]ve a purpose2 = ! pap] se5 betwe5 ! black /rokes gives delicacy1 lightness1 & transp>5cy ( tone4 #cg4 ,! ,creve4--,its ,advantages & ,disadvantages4--,9 v skill$ h&s ! creve is a means ( effect4 ,if y wi% to obta9 great dep? 9 a gr\p ( trees1 9 a wall1 9 v deep %ad[s1 y w risk no?+ by int]m+l+ y\r l9es picturesquely & bit+ !m vigor\sly4 ,9 ?is way y c produce tones ( velvety s(tness1 & at ! same "t ( extraord9>y vigor4 ,simil>ly1 y may /rike a f9e note by means ( runn+ toge!r sev]al l9es :i*1 if suffici5tly bitt51 w =m b a s+le broad "o ( great solidity & p[]4 ,x is1 inde$1 only ! exagg]ation ( ?is exp$i5t1 :i*1 by unduly enl>g+ ! limits ( ! broad l9e j spok5 (1 & ?us produc+ a l>ge & deep surface betwe5 !m1 con/itutes ! creve prop]ly s call$2 ! pr9t+ ink has no hold 9 ?is flat holl[1 & a gray spot 9 ! pro( is ! result4 ,i h w>n$ y ( ! accid5t2 lat] on y %all he> some?+ ( ! rem$y4 ,we w n[ cont9ue our bit+4 ,plunge y\r plate into ! ba? aga91 if y please4 #ch4 ,means ( asc]ta9+ ! ,dep? ( ! ,l9es4--,my de> sir1 ,i see t my draw+ turns black2 x disappe>s almo/ entirely1 & is lo/ 9 ! color ( ! gr\nd4#i ,i am q p]plex$4 ,my m9d endeavors to p5etrate b5ea? ?is v>ni%1 s z to be able to witness ! my/]i\s bir? ( my oeuvre4 ,see ^! viol5t ebullitions6 ,:at d y ?9k ( !m8 ,let !m g on a mom5t long]1 & !n )draw y\r plate4 ,we h n[ arriv$ at a po9t :]e ! eye _c judge ( ! "w ( ! acid z easily z be=e2 h5ce=? we mu/1 !re=e1 exam9e ! dep? ( our bit+s by uncov]+ a s+le l9e1 z1 = in/ance1 ?is "o "h 9 ! gr\nd4 ,or we may ev5 lay b>e1 by ! aid ( spirits ( turp5t9e1 a "p ( ! =egr\nd1 provid$1 h[ev]1 t we mu/ n =get to cov] x aga9 ) ! bru%4 ,?is w give u an idea ( ! total effect s f> produc$ by ! bit+1 & we c !n regulate ! p>tial bit+s :i* are /ill to foll[1 ei!r by a comp>ison ( ! "t employ$ on ^? t h gone be=e1 or by ! int5sity ( ! ebullitions1 ! action ( :i* on ! copp] we h already /udi$4 ,y p]ceive t1 :ile x is difficult to fix a /&>d ( "t = ! bit+s at ! beg9n+ ( ! op]ation1 x is yet possible to calculate ^? to come by :at we h s f> done4 #ci4 ,! ,rules :i* gov]n ! ,bit+ are subord9at$ to v>i\s ,causes4--,9 reality1 x is impossible to e/abli% fix$ rules = ! bit+1 = ! foll[+ reasons3-- #a4 ,ow+ to ! v>y+ int5sity ( ! /roke ( ! ne$le4 ,! et*] :o conf9es himself to g5tly b>+ 8 copp] mu/ bite long] ?an he :o attacks 8 plate m vigor\sly1 & !re=e exposes x m to ! action ( ! acid4 #b4 ,ow+ to ! diff]5t quality ( ! plates4 #c4 ,ow+ to ! diff]5ce 9 temp]ature ( ! surr\nd+ air3--( ?is we h be=e spok54 #d4 ,ow+ to diff]5ce ( /r5g? 9 ! acid1 z x is impossible always to h x ( absolutely ! same numb] ( degrees4 ,at #ae deg4 to #ah deg4 ! bit+ is g5tle & sl[2 at #bj deg4 x is mod]ate2 at #bb deg4 to #bd deg4 x becomes m rapid4 ,x w\ld be dang]\s to employ a /ill high] degree = ! complete bit+-9 ( a plate1 especially 9 ! light] p>ts4 #dj4 ,/rong ,acid & ,weak ,acid4--,x is1 nev]!less1 possible to put su* /rong acid to good s]vice4 ,a f9e gray t9t may1 = in/ance1 be imp>t$ to a well-work$ sky by pass+ a broad bru% ov] x1 *>g$ ) acid at #dj deg4 ,b ! op]ation mu/ be p]=m$ ) lightn+ spe$1 & ! plate mu/ in/antly be plung$ into pure wat]4 ,z a coroll>y ( ! f\r? cause1 x is well to "k t an acid ov]*>g$ ) copp] loses mu* ( its =ce1 al?\gh x rema9s at ! same degree4 ,?us an acid tak5 at #bj deg41 b heavily *>g$ ) copp] f hav+ be5 us$1 w be f\nd to be mat]ially enfeebl$1 & to bite m sl[ly ?an fre% acid at #ae deg4 to #ah deg4 ,to cont9ue to use x 9 ?is condition w\ld be dang]\s1 because !re is no long] any aff9ity betwe5 ! liquid & ! copp]1 & if1 "u su* circum/ances1 y 7 to tru/ to ! appe>ance ( bit+ 7:i* w\ld be int]m9able1 besides71 y w\ld f9d1 on remov+ ! v>ni%1 t ! plate _h m]ely lo/ its poli% :]e ! l9es ought to be1 )\t hav+ be5 bitt54 ,x is be/1 !re=e1 always to d y\r bit+ ) fre% acid1 con/antly r5ew$1 z ! results w be m equal1 & y w become habituat$ to c]ta9 fix$ conditions4 ,"s engrav]s1 ( impetu\s _s & impati5t ( results1 d _! bit+ ) acid ( a high degree1 :ile o!rs1 m prud5t1 pref] sl[ bit+1 :i* eats into ! copp] uni=mly & regul>ly1 & h5ce !y employ a l[] degree4 ,9 ?is way ! v>ni% rema9s intact1 & !re is n t risk ( los+ ! purity ( l9e :i* always att5ds ! employm5t ( a /rong] acid4 #da4 ,/r5g? ( ,acid 9 relation to c]ta9 ,k9ds ( ,"w4--,exp]i5ce has also %[n t1 ) ! same proportion 9 ! "t employ$1 ! values are acc5tuat$ m quickly & m completely by a /rong ?an by a mild acid2 ?is manife/s itself at ! conflu5ce ( ! l9es1 :]e ! acid w\ld play mis*ief if ! limit ( "t 7 ov]/epp$4 ,ano!r effect ( bit+ :i* foll[s f ! prec$+1 is noticeable 9 l9es drawn f> ap>t4 ,( isolat$ l9es ! acid takes hold v sl[ly1 & !y may !re=e be execut$ ) a cutt+ po9t & bitt5 9 ) tol]ably /rong acid4 ,! rev]se takes place :5 ! l9es are drawn v closely toge!r2 ! bit+ is v lively4 ,"w ( ?is k9d1 !re=e1 dem&s a ne$le ( mod]ate %>pness & a mild acid4 ,h5ce1 int]weav+ l9es & v close l9es are bitt5 m deeply by ! same acid ?an l9es drawn p>allel to ea* o!r1 & widely spac$1 al?\gh !y may all h be5 execut$ ) ! same ne$le4 ,if1 9 an ar*itectural subject1 y h drawn ! l9es ) ! same in/rum5t1 b f> ap>t on "o side1 & closely & cross+ ea* o!r on ! o!r1 y mu/ n let !m all bite ! same l5g? ( "t1 if y wi% !m to hold ! same di/ance4 ,x w be necess>y to /op out ! latt] be=e ! =m]1 o!rwise y w h a discordant diff]5ce 9 tone4 ,!re w be inequality 9 ! bit+1 b x w n be p]ceptible to ! eye1 z ! g5]al h>mony has be5 pres]v$4 7,see ,pl4 ,,iv4 ,fig4 #a47 ,9 %ort1 /rong acid r wid5s ?an deep5s ! l9es2 mild acid1 on ! contr>y1 eats into ! dep? ( ! copp]1 & produces l9es :i* are %[n 9 relief on ! pap]1 & are a/oni%+ly p[]ful 9 color4 ,?is is especially noticeable 9 ! et*+s ( ,piranesi1 :o us$ h>d v>ni%4 #db4 ,la/ ,/ages ( ,bit+4--,b let u return to our op]ation4 ,y notic$ t ,i all[$ y\r plate to bite q a :ile2 ?is 0 necess>y to deta* y\r =egr\nd & middle-gr\nd vigor\sly f ! sky & ! backgr\nd4 ,y may n[ /op out ! trees1 ! t[]1 & ! t5t 9 ! middle-gr\nd1 & ! v]tical "p ( ! bridge1 :i* is 9 half-t9t1 & !n proce$4 ,note t ! numb] ( bit+s is n fix$1 b dep5ds on ! effect to be rea*$4 ,9 t case x is to be hop$1 = ! sake ( my appr5tice h&s1 t ,i %all nev] h _m bit+s to d4 ,j look at my f+]s6 ,!y are 9 a nice /ate4 ,! prettie/ yell[ sk9 y ev] saw6 ,oh1 don't let t color tr\ble y2 x w be all black by to-morr[4 ,mu* oblig$ to y = ?is bit ( consolation6 ,besides1 x w take y a week to gr[ a new sk94 ,9 future y mu/ soak y\r f+]s 9 pure wat] :5ev] y h got !m into ! acid4 ,y might h us$ india-rubb] f+]-gloves2 !y are excell5t to keep ! h&s clean1 b x is n wor? :ile to tr\ble ab\t !m = ! pres5t1 z we are almo/ done4#aj ,i ?9k y may n[ /op out all t rema9s1 ) ! exception ( ! d>ke/ places 9 ! =egr\nd1 to :i* we mu/ give a f9al bit+4 ,!re6 ,n[ we've got x6 ,)draw y\r plate = ! la/ "t1 & z !re are "s v widely spac$ l9es 9 ?is tree 9 ! =egr\nd1 y w risk no?+ by giv+ !m a f9al t\* ) pure acid4 ,! /ronge/ acc5t 9 ! l&scape re/s on ?is spot2 x det]m9es ! color ( ! :ole4 ,by ?is application ( pure acid we %all get a vigor\s tone1 a p[]ful effect4 ,i may z well tell y "h t x is sometimes advisable to add a small quantity ( pure acid to ! ba? t[>ds ! end ( ! op]ation1 s z to increase ! activity ( ! bit+ on c]ta9 p>ts ( ! plate )\t runn+ into excess4 ,b z ! place n[ "u consid]ation is re/rict$1 we %all adopt ano!r means1 s z to limit ! action ( ! acid to ! giv5 po9t4 ,see "h3 ,i let fall a few drops2 ! pure acid eats into ! copp] ) great vehem5ce2 ! metal turns gre51 & ! ebullition subsides4 ,n[ take up ! exhau/$ liquid ) a piece ( blott+-pap]1 & let u comm5ce aga94 ,"u ^! newly add$ drops ( fre% acid1 ! v>ni% is ready to scale (f1 ! l9es sputt]1 & assume a /range yell[ color2 ^! gold5 vapors ann\nce t ! op]ation is f9i%$4 ,:at foll[s1 is ! task ( ! pr9t]2 8 press w tell u :e!r we h won1 or :e!r we h be5 mat$4 ,clean ! plate ) spirits ( turp5t9e1 us+ y\r f+]s1 or ) a v clean old rag 7calico1 if possible71 if y are afraid to soil y\r h&s4 ,be sure to h ! plate well clean$1 b take c>e n to scrat* x4 ,! acid1 :i* may be ( use h]eaft]1 we w turn into a glass bottle ) a gr\nd /opp]1 & w /ore x 9 "s safe place4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,f9i%+ ,,! ,,plate4 #dc4 ,omissions4--,insuffici5cy ( ! ,"w s f> done4--,! result y h obta9$1 ,i tell my pupil1 z he %[s a pro( ( ! fir/ /ate ( 8 plate to me1 is n f9al4 ,y\r "w ne$s a few ret\*es & slight modifications1 n c\nt+ ! little irregul>ities :i* ,i _h =ese51 & :i* x w be easy en\gh to repair4 ,we w proce$ 9 ord]4 7,see ,pl4 ,ia74 ,to comm5ce )1 "h are c]ta9 p>ts :i* are suffici5tly bitt51 & :i*1 nev]!less1 are indecisive 9 tone1 & d n hold _! place4 ,i allude to ! columns & to ! trees 9 ! fur!r di/ance2 "o feels t !re is some?+ want+ !re1 :i* mu/ be add$4 ,y mu/1 !re=e1 re-cov] y\r plate1 9 ! mann] already kn[n to y1 ei!r ) transp>5t gr\nd1 or ) ord9>y et*+-gr\nd1 j z if ! plate _h nev] yet be5 t\*$ by ! ne$le4 #dd4 ,transp>5t ,gr\nd = ,ret\*+4--,! :ite or transp>5t gr\nd or v>ni%#aa admirably all[s all previ\s "w to %[ ?r\gh4 ,x is pref]r$ to ! ord9>y gr\nd = work+ ov] p>ts t h be5 insuffici5tly bitt51 on acc\nt ( its transp>5cy1 :i* leaves ev5 ! f9e/ l9es visible1 :ile "u ! ord9>y gr\nd ^! l9es might be lo/ entirely4 ,x w be an easy matt] = y to comb9e ! new "w ) ! old2 ! v slight %ad[ ?r[n on ! copp] by ! transp>5t gr\nd w give a blacki% appe>ance to y\r l9es1 :i* may s]ve z a guide to y1 &1 ) y\r pro( be=e y\r eyes1 y w readily succe$ 9 f9d+ ! places :i* ne$ ret\*+4 ,to make assurance d\bly sure1 y c indicate ! ret\*es on y\r pro( ) a lead-p5cil4 ,! transp>5t gr\nd has occasionally be5 f\nd to crack & scale (f1 :5 left 9 ! ba? = a long :ile1 or :5 /rong acid is us$4 ,b z y are only go+ to use x = light &1 consequ5tly1 %ort bit+1 y ne$ n fe> ?is dang]4 ,ano!r inconv5i5ce1 :i* may easily be prev5t$1 consi/s 9 ! pres5ce ( small bubbles ( air1 :i* appe> on ! v>ni% z soon z x beg9s to melt4 ,heat ! plate j to ! prop] po9t ( melt+1 & dab x vigor\sly = "s l5g? ( "t1 until ! v>ni% cools2 !n hold ! back ( ! plate flat to ! fire2 ! v>ni% melts aga91 & ! re/ ( ! bubbles disappe>4 ,if "s ( !m %\ld prove to be ob/9ate1 cov] !m v lightly ) ! bru%1 z o!rwise ! acid w p5etrate ?r\gh ! passages ?us left op51 & w make little holes 9 ! copp]1 :i*1 on remov+ ! v>ni%1 w cause an unpleasant surprise4 ,y %all he> m ( ?is fur!r on4 #de4 ,ord9>y ,gr\nd us$ = ,ret\*+4--,bit+ ! ,ret\*es4--,ord9>y et*+-gr\nd1 su* z we us$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 does n %[ ! "w previ\sly done z well z ! transp>5t gr\nd1 b ! lat] additions are se5 all ! bett] on x4 ,x may be us$ 9 its natural /ate1 or x may be smok$4 ,x is pref]able to ! transp>5t v>ni%1 :5ev] ! "w already a*iev$ is deeply bitt51 & h5ce easily se54 ,9 ! pres5t case my advice is t y use ! ord9>y gr\nd4 ,hav+ made y\r ret\*es1 introduce y\r plate into ! ba?1 & proce$ z be=e1 by p>tial bit+1 endeavor+1 z mu* z possible1 to obta9 ! same int5sity ( tone4 ,^! additions1 ?us bitt5 by !mselves1 w m+le ) ! l9es previ\sly drawn1 & n[ protect$ by ! v>ni%4 ,x is h>dly possible to judge ( ! additions1 especially on transp>5t v>ni%1 until !y h be5 bitt5 94 ,b1 if y %\ld !n f9d t y h n yet rea*$ y\r po9t1 y c rev>ni% ! plate once m1 & complete ! p>ts t appe> to be unf9i%$4 ,i mu/ also call y\r att5tion to ! fact1 t all l9es drawn on transp>5t gr\nd seem to ?ick5 mo/ s+ul>ly1 z soon z ! acid beg9s to "w4 ,b d n let t deceive y4 ,n[ look at ?is spot 9 ! imm$iate =egr\nd 7,pl4 ,ia71 :i* has a some:at co>se appe>ance4 ,x is mu* s(t] 9 ! orig9al 7repres5t$ by ,pl4 ,,ii474 ,y mu/ add a few l9es1 & mu/ bite !m r lightly2 !y w m+le agreeably ) ! en]getic l9es ( ! fir/ /ate4 ,y may put ! l>ge trees ?r\gh ! same process1 & y w f9d t !y ga9 9 lightness by x4 ,lat] on1 :5 y h acquir$ m exp]i5ce1 y w occasionally f9d x h&y to make ^! additions betwe5 two bit+s4 ,y w ?us rea* ! desir$ result )\t ! necessity ( regr\nd+ y\r plate4 ,sometimes1 :5 us+ /rong acid = ^! ret\*es1 ! l9es fir/ drawn are also attack$ by ! liquid4 ,9 t case1 /op ! bit+ imm$iately1 & re/ cont5t$ ) :at y h got4 ,x is n difficult to und]/& :y ^! rev>ni%$ l9es %\ld comm5ce to bite aga91 m especially if !y are deep3 ! acid1 f9d+ ! edges ( ! l9es 7:i* are %>p & angul>1 & !re=e d n (f] mu* hold to ! v>ni%7 b indiff]5tly protect$1 attacks !m1 )\t go+ into _! dep?s4 ,! ravages ?us committ$ along ! edges ( ! l9es may be q disa/r\s2 & x is well1 !re=e1 :5ev] y rev>ni% a plate1 to give additional protection to ^? p>ts :i* are n to be ret\*$1 by go+ ov] !m ) /opp+-out v>ni%4 #df4 ,rev>ni%+ ) ! ,bru%4--,in/ead ( rev>ni%+ ) ! dabb]1 ! gr\nd may also be laid ) ! bru%4 ,= ?is purpose y c use ! /opp+-out v>ni% mix$ ) lamp-black4 ,spread a coat ( v>ni% all ov] ! plate1 us+ a v s(t bru%2 if ! copp] %\ld n be p]fectly cov]$ on ! edges ( ! deeply et*$ l9es1 add a second coat ( v>ni%4 ,d n wait till ! v>ni% has become too dry be=e y execute ! ret\*es1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 mu/ also be bitt5 9 z usual4 ,mix$ ) lamp-black1 ! /opp+-out v>ni% all[s ev5 ! f9e/ l9es to be se51 :i* w\ld n %[ z well if ! v>ni% 7 us$ 9 its natural /ate4 ,_m engrav]s use ?is v>ni% in/ead ( ! transp>5t gr\nd4 #dg4 ,p>tial ,ret\*es4--,pat*+4--,= p>tial ret\*es & = pat*+ ! /opp+-out v>ni% is also us$1 b 9 a simpl] & m exp$iti\s way4 ,cov] ! "p 9 "q ) a tol]ably ?ick coat ( v>ni%1 & :5 y h f9i%$ y\r ret\*1 slightly moi/5 ! l9es ) saliva1 to prev5t ! few drops ( acid :i* y supply f y\r ba? ) ! bru% f runn+ beyond ! spot on :i* !y are to act4 ,if pure acid is us$1--:i* is /ill m exp$iti\s1--! eff]vesc5ce is /opp$ by dabb+ ) a piece ( blott+-pap]1 & ! op]ation is repeat$ z long z ! bit+ does n appe> to be suffici5t4 ,= v delicate corrections x is advisable n to wait until ! fir/ ebullition is ov]2 b x mu/ be left to ! feel+ to indicate ! mo/ opportune mom5t = ! application ( ! blott+-pap]4 ,if y proce$ rapidly & cauti\sly1 y c obta9 extremely f9e l9es 9 ?is way1 z y h _h occasion to see "u o!r circum/ances 7see p>agraph #dj1 p4 #be74 ,y may recollect t ,i spoke ( l9es :i* _h n bitt53 ,i allud$ to ?is spot 9 ! middle ( ! bridge 7see ,pl4 ,ia74 ,y did n be> on y\r ne$le suffici5tly1 & h5ce x did n p5etrate cle> d[n to ! copp]2 consequ5tly1 aft] hav+ comp>$ ! pro( ( ! fir/ /ate ) ! orig9al 7,pl4 ,,ii471 y mu/ d ! necess>y pat*+ accord+ to ! in/ructions j giv5 to y4 #dh4 ,dry ,po9t4--,:5ev] x is necess>y to ret\*1 or to add to v delicate p>ts ( ! plate1 su* z ! extreme di/ance1 or any o!r "p v lightly bitt51 x is saf] to use ! dry po9t1 z 9 su* cases ret\*+ by acid is a mo/ difficult ?+ to d4 ,! tone mu/ be hit exactly1 & )\t exagg]ation4 ,y\r plate (f]s an opportunity = ! use ( ! dry po9t3 ! sky & ! m\nta9 are p>tly et*$2 y c improve !m by a few t\*es ( ! dry po9t4 ,! dry po9t is held 9 a p]p5dicul> position1 & is us$ on ! b>e copp]4 ,x mu/ be gr\nd ) a cutt+ edge1 & v %>p1 s t x may freely p5etrate into ! copp]1 & n m]ely scrat* x4 ,y cut ! l9e y\rself1 regulat+ its dep? by ! am\nt ( pressure us$1 & accord+ to ! tone ( ! p>ticul> passage on :i* y are work+4 ,= pat*+1 x is m frequ5tly us$ 9 delicate passages ?an 9 o!rs1 z1 ev5 ) great pressure1 ! /r5g? ( a dry po9t l9e w always be bel[ t ( a l9e deeply bitt54 ,9 pr9t+1 ! dry po9t l9e has less dep? ( color ?an ! bitt5 l9e1 z ! acid bites into ! copp] p]p5dicul>ly at "r angles2 :ile ! furr[ produc$ by ! dry po9t1 :i* (f]s only acute angles1 takes up less ink1 al?\gh x appe>s equally broad4 ,?is inequality disappe>s if a plate 9 :i* et*$ l9es & dry po9t "w are int]m+l$ is re-bitt52 ! diff]5ce 9 tone is !n equaliz$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! diff]5ce 9 ! appe>ance ( et*$ l9es & dry po9t "w produces curi\s effects4 ,?us1 if a passage :i* is too /rong & appe>s to /& out is to be correct$1 a few t\*es ( ! dry po9t w be suffici5t to s(t5 x1 & to pu% x back to ano!r di/ance4 ,! dry po9t is n only us$ = ret\*+2 x is sometimes employ$1 )\t any et*+1 to put 9 ! :ole backgr\nd4 #di4 ,use ( ! ,scrap] = remov+ ! ,bur ?r[n up by ! ,dry ,po9t4--,! dry po9t "w be+ f9i%$1 ! bur ?r[n up by ! in/rum5t mu/ be remov$4 ,! bur is ! ridge rais$ on ! edge ( ! l9e1 z ! po9t pl\ghs ?r\gh ! metal2 y c satisfy y\rself ( its exi/5ce by ! t\*4 ,9 pr9t+1 ! ink cat*es 9 ?is ridge1 & produces blots4 ,! bur is remov$ by means ( ! scrap]1 an in/rum5t ) a triangul> blade1 "o ( ! sides ( :i*1 held flat1 is pass$ ov] ! plate 9 ! opposite direction to t ( ! /roke ( ! po9t1 & s z to take ! l9e obliquely4 ,y ne$ n feel any anxiety ab\t injur+ ! plate2 ! t\* w tell y :5 ! bur has disappe>$4 ,9 ! case ( dry po9t l9es cross+ "o ano!r1 ea* set runn+ 9 a diff]5t direction mu/ be drawn z well z scrap$ sep>ately1 9 ! mann] j describ$2 o!rwise y w run ! risk ( clos+ ! l9es :i* cross ! pa? ( ! scrap]1 by turn+ ! bur d[n into ! furr[s4 #ej4 ,r$uc+ ,ov]-bitt5 ,passages4--,s mu* = ! additions4 ,we w n[ pass on to ! v opposite3 ! %ad[ ?r[n by ! p>apet1 & ! gr\nd betwe5 ! man & ! woman1 h be5 ov]-bitt54 ,^! p>ts d n h>monize ) ! neighbor+ p>ts1 & are /rong] 9 tone ?an ! correspond+ p>ts ( ! orig9al4 ,to rem$y ?is1 !re are f\r means at y\r comm&3-- ,! ,burni%]4 ,*>coal4 ,! ,scrap]4 ,hamm]+ out4 #ea4 ,! ,burni%]4--,z ^! passages are limit$ 9 ext5t1 & n v deeply bitt51 y may use ! burni%] to r$uce !m4 ,moi/5 x ) saliva1 & take only a small spot at a "t1 hold+ ! in/rum5t d[n flat4 ,if y 7 to use only ! end1 y might make a cavity 9 ! copp]4 ,! burni%] flatt5s & enl>ges ! surface ( ! copp]1 & consequ5tly dim9i%es ! wid? ( ! l9e4 ,! tone1 !re=e1 is r$uc$4 ,on f9e1 close1 & equal "w ! burni%] does excell5t s]vice1 ! effect be+ analog\s to t ( ! crumb ( bread on a design on pap]4 ,x is less efficaci\s on deeply bitt5 "w1 because x r\nds (f ! edges ( ! l9es z x p5etrates into ! furr[s1 & ?us detracts some:at f ! fre%ness ( tone1--an unpleasant result1 :i*1 9 v f9e "w1 is beyond ! p[] ( ! eye to see4 ,y may use ! burni%] to get rid ( c]ta9 spots produc$ 9 ! foliage by l9es plac$ too closely toge!r1 & by ! same means y c r$uce ^? exagg]at$ passages 9 ! /one-"w ( ! "r-h& column4 ,y c also burni% ^! useless little blot*es 9 ! m\nta9s4 #eb4 ,*>coal4--,:5ev] x is necess>y to r$uce ! :ole ( a di/ance1 ! use ( *>coal is to be pref]r$4 ,*>coal made ( will[1 or ( o!r s(t woods1 :i* c be _h ( ! plate-mak]s1 is us$ flat1 impregnat$ ) oil or wat]2 x mu/ be fre$ f its b>k1 z ?is w\ld scrat* ! plate4 ,x we>s ! metal away uni=mly1 & does n injure ! crispness ( ! l9es4 ,rub ! passage to be r$uc$ ) ! *>coal1 regulat+ ! l5g? ( "t by ! degree ( delicacy y desire to atta94 ,at ! beg9n+ soak y\r *>coal 9 wat]1 s z leave x m too?2 !n clean x1 & cont9ue ) oil1 :i* r$uces ! we> on ! copp]4 ,! eye is suffici5t to judge ( ! we>2 ! way 9 :i* ! *>coal takes hold ( ! copp]1 & ! copp]-color$ spots :i* x %[s1 may s]ve z guides4 ,z ! effectiv5ess ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( *>coal v>ies1 ^! div]s qualities ( s(tness & co>s5ess are utiliz$ accord+ to ! nature ( ! correction to be made4 ,x is well to "k1 also1 t x takes hold mu* m actively if us$ 9 ! direction ( ! gra91 ?an transv]sely4 ,y may1 accord+ to circum/ances1 comm5ce ) a piece ( coal hav+ consid]able too?1 cont9ue ) ano!r t is less aggressive1 & w9d up ) a some:at s(t piece4 ,! heavi] ! *>coal ! co>s] its too?1 ! lighte/ be+ ! s(te/4 ,! plate mu/ be wa%$1 s z to keep ! *>coal always clean2 z o!rwise ! du/ produc$1 :i* =ms a pa/e1 w we> d[n ! bottom ( ! furr[s1 & ! result1 9 ! pro(1 w be dull & r$di% l9es4 ,*>coal is also us$ to remove ! traces ( ! ne$le 9 ^? p>ts ( ! plate 9 :i* *anges 7 made :ile ! draw+ 0 /ill 9 progress4 #ec4 ,! ,scrap]4--,! scrap] is m efficaci\s ?an ! burni%] 9 ! case ( small places t h be5 deeply bitt54 ,if ! scrap] is suffici5tly %>p1 x leaves no trace :atev] on ! l[]$ surface ( ! copp]4 ,to sum up3-- ,*>coal & scrap] are us$ to remove "p ( ! surface ( ! copp]4 ,! furr[s1 hav+ be5 r$uc$ 9 dep?1 receive less ink 9 pr9t+2 ! l9es ga9 9 delicacy 9 ! impressions4 ,! burni%] simply displaces ! copp]2 *>coal & scrap] we> x away4 ,x foll[s t !y mu/ be us$ ) disc]nm5t4 #ed4 ,hamm]+ ,out 7,rep\ssage74--,^! ?ree means are employ$ :5 a mod]ate l[]+ ( ! plate is requir$4 ,:5 x becomes necess>y to g d[n to half ! ?ickness ( ! plate or m1 ! result w be a holl[1 :i* w %[ z a spot 9 pr9t+4 ,9 t case rec\rse is _h to ! f\r? means2 t is to say1 to hamm] & anvil4 ,get a pair ( compasses ) curv$ legs 7calip]s72 let "o ( ! legs re/ on ! spot to be hamm]$ out2 ! o!r leg w !n indicate ! place on ! back ( ! plate :i* mu/ be /ruck ) ! hamm] on ! anvil4 ,9 ?is way places :i* h be5 r$uc$ ) *>coal or scrap] may be br\ght up to ! level ( ! plate2 b if ! l9es %\ld be f\nd to h be5 flatt5$1 :i* w\ld result 9 a dull tone 9 ! pro(s1 x w be be/ to h ! "p 9 "q plan$ out entirely1 & to d x ov]4 #ee4 ,f9i%+ ! ,surface ( ! ,plate4--,! *>coal occasionally leaves traces on ! plate1 :i* %[ 9 ! pro( z r too /rong a t9t4 ,y c get rid ( !m1 by rubb+ ) a piece ( v s(t l951 & ! pa/e obta9$ by gr9d+ *>coal ) oil on a f9e /one4 ,by ! same process ! :ole plate is tidi$4 ,x is likely to ne$ x1 z x has und\bt$ly lo/ "s ( its fre%ness1 ow+ to ! abuse to :i* x 0 subject$ 9 pass+ ?r\gh all ^! processes4 ,our "y pupil1 hav+ execut$ ^! sev]al op]ations1 & bitt5 8 ret\*$ plate1 submits a pro( to my inspection1 :i* ,i comp>e ) t ( ! fir/ /ate 7,pls4 ,ia & ,i474 ,n[ y see1 ,i say to him1 h[ "o /ate leads to ano!r4 ,y h come up to ! h>mony ( ! orig9al2 y\r second /ate is satisfactory1 & s !re is no ne$ ( hav+ rec\rse to v>ni%+ ! plate a ?ird "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,ii4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,accid5ts4 #ef4 ,/opp+-out ,v>ni% dropp$ on a ,plate :ile ,bit+4--,y are j 9 "t1 ,i cont9u$1 to pr(it by an accid5t :i* has happ5$ to me4 ,i dropp$ "s /opp+-out v>ni% on a plate :ile x 0 bit+2 x has spread ov] "s p>ts :i* are n yet suffici5tly bitt51 & ( c\rse x is impossible to g on n[4 ,i took ! gr\nd (f ! plate1 & _h ?is pro( pull$4 ,x is unequal 9 tone1 & does n give ! modell+ :i* ,i work$ =4 ,:at are y go+ to d ab\t x8 ,is ! plate lo/8 #eg4 ,rev>ni%+ ) ! ,roll] = ,rebit+4--,oh1 no1 inde$1 ?anks to ! roll] = rev>ni%+6 ,my fir/ precaution w be to clean ! plate v c>efully1 fir/ ) spirits ( turp5t9e1 until ! l95 does n %[ ! lea/ sign ( soil+1 & !n ) bread4 ,or1 hav+ us$ ! turp5t9e1 ,i might cont9ue ! clean+ process ) a solution ( pota%1 aft] :i* ! plate mu/ be wa%$ 9 pure wat]4 ,i !n put a little gr\nd1 specially prep>$ = ! purpose1 on a second plate1 :i* mu/ be scrupul\sly clean1 & n heat$2 or1 bett] /ill1 ,i apply ! gr\nd directly to ! roll] itself by means ( a palette-knife4 ,i divide ?is second plate into ?ree p>ts4 ,by pass+ ! roll] ov] ! fir/ "p1 ,i spread ! gr\nd r\ghly ov] x2 on ! second "p ,i equalize & di/ribute x m regul>ly2 on ! ?ird1 f9ally1 ,i f9i% ! op]ation4 ,by ^! repeat$ roll+s a v ?9 lay] ( gr\nd is ev5ly spread ov] all p>ts ( ! surface ( ! roll]1 & we may n[ apply x to ! plate :i* is to be rebitt54 ,to effect ?is purpose1 ,i pass ! roll] ov] ! cold plate c>efully & ) v slight pressure1 repeat+ ! process a numb] ( times & 9 v>i\s directions4 ,?is is an op]ation requir+ skill4 ,! gr\nd adh]es only to ! surface ( ! plate1 )\t p5etrat+ into ! furr[s1 al?\gh x is next to impossible to prev5t ! fill+ up ( ! v f9e/ l9es4 ,hav+ ?us spread ! gr\nd1 & hav+ assur$ myself t ! l9es are all "r by ! brilliancy ( _! reflection z ,i hold ! plate aga9/ ! light1 ,i rapidly pass a burn+ pap] "u ! plate4 ,! gr\nd is slightly heat$1 & solidifies z x cools4 ,! v>ni% us$ 9 ?is op]ation is ! ord9>y et*+-gr\nd 9 balls1 dissolv$ 9 oil ( lav5d] 9 a ba? ( w>m wat]4 ,x mu/ h ! consi/5cy ( liquid cream2 if x is too ?ick1 add a little oil ( lav5d]4#ab ,bo? ! plate & ! roll] mu/ be well protect$ aga9/ du/4 ,x is n necess>y to clean ! roll] aft] ! op]ation2 only take c>e to wipe its ends ) ! palm ( y\r h&1 turn+ x ! :ile1 s z to remove ! r+s ( v>ni% :i* may h =m$ !re4 ,if ! l9es are f\nd clos$1 too mu* pressure has be5 us$ on ! roll]2 if ! gr\nd is full ( little holes1 ! plate has n be5 clean$ well1 & :]ev] ! surface ( ! copp] is expos$ ! acid w act on x4 ,!re is no?+ to be done1 9 bo? cases1 b to wa% (f ! gr\nd ) spirits ( turp5t9e1 & comm5ce anew4 ,my plate is n[ 9 ! same /ate 9 :i* x 0 :5 ,i )drew x f ! ba?4 ,i /op out ^? p>ts :i* are suffici5tly bitt51 &1 guid$ by my pro(1 ,i c proce$ to cont9ue ! bit+ :i* 0 int]rupt$ by ! accid5t4 #eh4 ,rev>ni%+ ) ! ,roll] 9 ,cases ( ,p>tial ,rebit+4--,y w f9d ?is me?od especially valuable :5ev] y desire to /r5g!n passages t are weak 9 tone4 ,& fur!rmore1 hav+ ?us rev>ni%$ y\r plate1 y may avail y\rself ( ! opportunity ( giv+ additional f9i%4 ,b if1 be=e rev>ni%+1 y %\ld h burni%$ d[n "s ov]-bitt5 l9es 9 a passage :i* ne$s rebit+1 y w f9d t ! %all[ cavity produc$ by ! burni%] does n take ! gr\nd f ! roll]2 su* places are easily detect$ by ! brilliant aspect ( ! copp]1 & good c>e mu/ be tak5 to cov] !m ) gr\nd4 ,aga91 if1 be=e proce$+ to rebite1 y %\ld notice c]ta9 passages :i* are /rong en\gh z !y are1 ei!r because ! copp] 0 cut by ! po9t1 or because ! l9es 9 !m are v close1 y mu/ cov] !m up ) ! bru%4 ,! same ?+ is necess>y 9 ! case ( ! excessively black spots :i* sometimes manife/ !mselves 9 places cov]$ by irregul>ly cross+ l9es1 & ! int5sity ( :i* x w\ld be useless to increase /ill fur!r4 ,?is recomm5dation is valuable = "w requir+ precision4 #ei4 ,rev>ni%+ ) ! ,dabb] = ,rebit+4--,= p>tial rebit+ ! same result may be rea*$ by apply+ ! gr\nd ) ! dabb]4 ,heat y\r plate1 & surr\nd ! "p to be rebitt5 ) a ?ick coat ( ord9>y et*+-gr\nd4 ,n[ heat y\r dabb]1 & pass x ov] ! gr\nd4 ,f9ally1 :5 ! dabb] is ?or\ghly impregnat$ ) ! gr\nd1 c>ry x cauti\sly & little by little ov] ! "p 9 "q1 dabb+ cont9ually4#ac #fj4 ,rev>ni%+ ) ! ,bru% = ,rebit+4--,let me also call y\r att5tion to an analog\s case :i* may arise4 ,if y desire to increase ! dep? ( ! bit+ 9 a "p ( ! plate 9 :i* ! l9es are r widely ap>t1 y may cov] ! plate ) ! bru% & /opp+-out v>ni%1 & may pass ! ne$le ?r\gh ! l9es s z to op5 !m aga94 ,y c !n rebite 9 ! tray1 or by us+ pure acid1 or by all[+ acid at #bj deg4 to /& on ! "p 9 "q1 j z y please4 #fa4 ,rebit+ a ,rem$y only4--,et*]s :o are entitl$ to be consid]$ au?orities w advise y to avoid z mu* z possible all rebit+ by means ( rev>ni%+1 z x results 9 heav9ess1 & nev] has ! fre%ness ( a fir/ bit+ obta9$ ) ! same gr\nd4 ,a practis$ eye c easily detect ! diff]5ce4 ,nev] let ! rebit+ be m ?an a qu>t] ( ! fir/ bit+4 ,use ! process z a rem$y1 b nev] c\nt on x z a "p ( y\r regul> "w4 #fb4 ,holes 9 ! ,gr\nd4--,hav+ once tak5 up ! consid]ation ( ! little mi%aps :i* may befall ! et*]1 ,i %all n[ %[ y ano!r plate 9 :i* ! sky is dott$ by a numb] ( m9ute holes ( no great dep? 7piques74 ,?is plate has1 no d\bt1 be5 ret\*$1 & ! gr\nd hav+ be5 badly laid1 ! acid play$ mis*ief ) x4 ,x is v lucky t ! l9es 9 ! sky are widely sep>at$1 z o!rwise ^! holes w\ld be inextricably mix$ up ) !m4 ,we c rid ourselves ( !m by a few /rokes ( ! burni%]1 & by rubb+ ) *>coal-pa/e & a bit ( f9e l954 ,! burni%] alone w\ld give too mu* poli% to ! copp]2 9 pr9t+ ! ink w\ld leave no t9t on ! plate 9 ^! spots1 & ! traces ( ! burni%] w\ld %[ z :ite m>ks 9 ! pro(s4 ,to avoid ?is1 ! copp] mu/ be re/or$ to its natural /ate4#ad ,:at w\ld happ51 asks ano!r ( my pupils1 if ^! little holes occurr$ 9 a sky or 9 "s o!r closely work$ passage8 ,"h is a plate 9 :i* ?is accid5t has befall5 "s cl\ds & "p ( ! gr\nd4 ,:at %all ,i d8 ,to beg9 )1 let me tell y = y\r future guidance t ?is accid5t w\ld n h happ5$ if y _h wait$ = ! dry+ ( ! gr\nd ) :i* y cov]$ ?is sky aft] y _h bitt5 x4 ,! acid1 :i* nev] loses an opportunity giv5 x by mismanagem5t or inatt5tion1 work$ its way unbekn[n to y ?r\gh ! s(t v>ni% 9 ! cl\ds z well z 9 ! gr\nd1 & w5t on a spree at y\r exp5se4 ,rememb] t nitric acid is v selfi%2 x insi/s t x %all always be upp]mo/ 9 y\r m9d1 & all y\r calculations mu/ take ?is dem& into acc\nt2 its p[]s1 creative z well z de/ructive1 are to be cont9ually dread$2 x likes to see y occupy y\rself ) x cont9ually1 wat*fully1 & ) fe>4 ,if y turn y\r back to x1 x plays y a trick1 & ?us x has puni%$ y = neglect+ x = a mom5t4 ,?ank y4 ,b y are act+ ! "p ( ,la ,fonta9e's s*oolma/]1 :o moraliz$ ) ! pupil :5 he _h fall5 into ! wat]4 #fc4 ,plan+ out ,faulty ,passages4--,& t did n help him out4 ,y are "r4 ,well1 y mu/ g to "s skilful copp]-plan]1#ae :o w "w away at ! spoil$ "p ( y\r plate ) scrap] & burni%] & *>coal1 until he has re/or$ ! copp] to its virg9 /ate2 !n all y've got to d w be to d y\r "w ov] aga94 ,t is r a blunt way ( settl+ ! "q4 ,see+ t we are ab\t to cut into ! fle% aft] ?is fa%ion1 might x n be z well to h ! :ole ( ! sky tak5 out altoge!r8 ,i am n satisfi$ ) x1 any way4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,by ! same process ! plan] c remove e ?+1 up to ! outl9es ( ! trees & ! figures 9 y\r plate2 he w cut out any ?+ y want1 & yet respect all ! outl9es1 if y w only indicate y\r wi%es on a pro(4 ,9 ?is passage1 :]e y see deep holes1 scrap] & *>coal w be insuffici5t2 ! plan] mu/1 !re=e1 hamm] !m out be=e he goes at ! o!r p>ts4 ,z reg>ds ! little holes 9 ! =egr\nd1 s9ce !y are n z deep z ! l9es among :i* !y appe>1 y c remove !m1 or at lea/ r$uce !m1 by means ( *>coal1 )\t injury to ! deeply bitt5 p>ts4 ,y may foll[ ?is plan :5ev] y are conv9c$ t a l[]+ ( tone w d no h>m to y\r fir/ "w4 ,9 ! opposite case1 y mu/ ei!r h rec\rse to ! plan]1 or put up ) ! accid5t4 ,if y are n too mu* ( a puri/1 y w occasionally f9d ^! piques productive ( a piquant effect1 & !n y w take good c>e n to t\* !m4 ,t's a 'po9t' :i* y did n m5tion among ! ut5sils6 ,y h +5i\s ways ( gett+ out ( a scrape4 ,we cut out1 or cut d[n1 or dig away1 :ole passages1 accord+ to necessity4 ,i h se5 ! half ( a plate plan$ (f1 because ! design 0 faulty4 #fd4 ,acid ,spots on ,clo?+4--,"h comes "o ( my fri5ds1 :o is also an et*]4 ,i wond] :at he br+s u6 ,8 clo?+ is cov]$ all ov] ) spots ( ! mo/ beautiful g>net2 he ought to h wa%$ !m ) volatile alkali1 :i* neutralizes ! effect ( ! acid4 ,b he does n m9d x4 #fe4 ,r$uc+ ,ov]-bitt5 ,passages & ,creves4--,oh1 g5tlem51 t is n wor? :ile speak+ (6 ,b y mu/ see my plate4 ,i drew a horse f nature1 :i* a :ole swamp-ful ( lee*es might h disput$ ) me4 ,b ,i d believe x escap$ ! bit+ ( ^! animals only to succumb to m9e4 ,judge = y\rselves6 ,! fact ( ! matt] is1 t y h kill$ x ) acid4 ,!re is no?+ left ( x1 b an in=mal mass1 t5 times ov]-bitt54 ,=tunately !re is no lack ( black ink at ! pr9t]'s6 ,x is a v]itable ,*9ese %ad[1 & looks z if ! horse _h gone into m\rn+ = itself4 ,h[ev]1 al?\gh ! c>cass is lo/1 ,i hope y may be able to save "s ( ! memb]s4 ,! w\nds are deep & broad2 b we c try a rem$y 9 extremis3 fir/ ( all1 y\r horse w h to /& an attack ( *>coal2 if x survives ?is1 we %all subject x to r5ew$ & f]oci\s bit+s4 ,all ?is puzzles y4 ,!re=e1 hav+ treat$ y\r bea/ to ! *>coal1 & hav+ _h a la/ pro( tak51 y place ! latt] be=e y1 & re-cov] y\r plate ) a solid coat ( v>ni%4 ,) a some:at co>se po9t y pat* ^? places :i* %[ :ite 9 ! pro(1 tak+ c>e to h>monize y\r pat*es ) ! surr\nd+ p>ts4 ,9 ?is way y replace ! l9es :i* h disappe>$1 & !n proce$ to bite 91 do+ y\r be/ to come z ne> z possible to ! /r5g? ( ! fir/ bit+4 ,! result may n be v m>vell\s1 b x w be an improvem5t1 at all ev5ts4 ,if ,i 7 9 y\r place1 ,i %\ld n hesitate to beg9 aga94 ,! process :i* ,i h j describ$ is be/ suit$ to isolat$ passages4 ,9 closely work$ & lightly bitt5 passages1 blot*es 7or creves7 are m easily rem$i$1 z !y are less deep4 ,rub !m d[n ) *>coal1 v cauti\sly & delicately1 & let ! dry po9t d ! re/4 ,!re1 n[6 ,!re's our fri5d1 aga91 us+ acid in/ead ( spirits ( turp5t9e to clean 8 plate6 ,t'll be ! end ( ! animal4 ,x is aga9/ ! law1 sir1 to murd] a poor1 in(f5sive bea/ ?is wise6 ,=tunately we c help him out ) sev]al %eets ( blott+-pap]1 9 default ( wat]1 :i* we d n happ5 to h at h&4 ,we 7 9 "t6 ,! copp] has only lo/ its poli%2 a little m *>coal1--& ,ros9ante /ill lives4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,iii4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,diff]5ce ,,betwe5 ,,flat ,,bit+1 ,,& ,,bit+ ,,) ,,/opp+-,,out4 #ff4 ,two ,k9ds ( ,bit+4--,n[ t y h become famili> ) ! secrets ( bit+1 ,i say to my pupil1 & are !re=e prep>$ to be on y\r gu>d aga9/ ! accid5ts to be avoid$ :5 y g to "w aga91 ,i c make cle> to y1 bett] ?an if ,i _h endeavor$ to d s at ! outset1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two k9ds ( bit+ on :i* re/s ! :ole sy/em ( ! art ( et*+1 & ! di/9ctive *>act]i/ics ( :i* are (t5 conf\nd$4 ,! "w ?us f> done w help y to a m intellig5t und]/&+ ( ?is di/9ction4 ,z x 0 impossible to expla9 to y1 at "o & ! same "t1 all ! res\rces ( ! ne$le z well z ^? ( bit+1 betwe5 :i*1 z ,i told y be=e1 !re exi/ v intimate relations1 ,i _h to *oose a g5]al example by :i* to demon/rate ! processes employ$1 & :i* w\ld all[ me to expla9 ! reasons = ^! processes4 ,!re are two k9ds ( bit+1--flat bit+ & bit+ ) /opp+-out4 7,see ,pl4 ,,iii47 ,^! two k9ds ( bit+ resemble "o ano!r 9 ?is1 t !y involve only "o gr\nd+ or v>ni%+1 & consequ5tly only "o ba?2 !y diff] mo/ m>k$ly 9 ?is1 t 9 flat bit+ ! "w ( ! acid is accompli%$ all ov] ! plate at "o & ! same "t1 & ) only "o imm]sion 9 ! ba?1 :ile 9 bit+ ) /opp+-out !re are sev]al successive1 or1 if y pref] ! t]m1 p>tial bit+s1 betwe5 ea* ( :i* ! plate is )drawn f ! ba?1 & ! p>ts to be res]v$ are /opp$ out ) v>ni% z (t5 z x is ?\ght necess>y4 ,x foll[s f ?is1 t1 ) flat bit+1 ! modell+ mu/ be done by ! ne$le1 us+ ei!r only "o ne$le1 or else sev]al ( diff]5t ?icknesses4 #fg4 ,flat ,bit+4--,"o ,po9t4--,) a s+le ne$le ! values are obta9$ by draw+ ! l9es closely toge!r 9 ! =egr\nd & ne>] di/ances1 or = passages requir+ /r5g?1 & by keep+ !m ap>t 9 ! (f di/ances1 & 9 ! light] passages ( ! ne> di/ances2 fur!rmore1 to obta9 a play ( light 9 ! same di/ance1 ! l9es mu/ be drawn f>!r ap>t 9 ! lights1 & m closely toge!r 9 ! %ad[s4 ,a s+le po9t gives a h9t ( :at we desire to d1 b x does n express x4 ,x is und\bt$ly suffici5t = a sket* int5d$ to repres5t a draw+ execut$ ) p5 & ink or ) ! p5cil2 b x _c be successfully employ$ 9 a plate :i*1 by ! v>iety ( color & ! vigor ( ! bit+1 is meant to convey ! idea ( a pa9t+4 #fh4 ,flat ,bit+4--,sev]al ,po9ts4--,:5 sev]al po9ts ( diff]5t ?ickness are us$1 ! co>s] s]ve = ! =egr\nd & ne> di/ances1 ! f9] 9 gradual succession = ! rec$+ di/ances4 ,!y are us$ alt]nately 9 ! diff]5t di/ances1 & ! l9es are drawn m closely toge!r "h1 or kept f>!r ap>t !re1 accord+ to ! necessities ( ! effect to be obta9$2 ! dep? ( ! bit+ is ! same ?r\gh\t1 b ! diff]5ce 9 ?ickness ( ! l9es makes x an easy matt]1 by m elaborate modell+1 to give to ! et*+ ! appe>ance ( a f9i%$ design4 ,) a s+le po9t1 z well z ) sev]al1 ! pressure us$ 9 draw+ mu/ rema9 ! same ?r\gh\t1 s t ! acid may act simultane\sly1 & ) equal int5sity on all p>ts ( ! plate4 ,if !re has be5 any inequality ( attack1 ! values w be unequal 9 _! turn1 & diff]5t f :at !y 7 int5d$ to be4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,iv4 #fi4 ,bit+ ) ,/opp+-out4--,"o ,po9t4--,9 bit+ ) /opp+-out1 x is ! bit+ itself1 & n ! ne$le1 :i* gives modell+ to ! et*+4 ,9 ?is case1 also1 "o or sev]al po9ts may be us$4 ,! simple/ mann] is t 9 :i* only "o po9t is us$4 ,! /opp+-out1 & consequ5tly ! bit+1 is done 9 l>ge masses4 7,see ,pl4 ,v4 ,fig4 #a47 #gj4 ,bit+ ) ,/opp+-out4--,sev]al ,po9ts4--,z a v simple example let u take a case 9 :i* x is necess>y to h c]ta9 v closely l9$ passages 9 a =egr\nd alongside ( v co>se ones4 ,9 t case ! fir/1 or close1 l9es mu/ be et*$ v delicately1 :ile ! :ole =ce ( ! bit+ mu/ be br\ght to be> on ! latt] 7see ,pl4 ,,iv4 ,fig4 #b74 ,9 ! same way ! values ( two diff]5t objects may be equilibrat$2 by employ+ close l9es slightly bitt5 9 ! "o case1 & spac$ l9es m deeply bitt5 9 ! o!r4 ,bit+ ) /opp+-out1 comb9$ ) ! "w ( sev]al po9ts1 requires m att5tion & disc]nm5t ?an any o!r4 ,if ! fir/ bit+ is n successful1 ! plate is rev>ni%$1 & ! "w ( repair+ & correct+ comm5ces4 ,summ+ up ! advantages (f]$ by ^! v>i\s means1 y w see :at results ! comb9ation ( ! "w ( "o or ( sev]al po9ts ) p>tial bit+ may be made to yield1 ei!r 9 giv+ to objects _! v>i\s values1 _! natural color1 & _! modell+1 or 9 dispos+ !m 9 space1 & ?us produc+ ! h>moni\s gradation ( ! sev]al di/ances4 #ga4 ,necessity ( ,exp]im5t+4--,if y w n[ call to m9d our prec$+ op]ations1 & w hold !m toge!r ) ! explanations j giv51 y w be able to appreciate !m 9 _! totality4 ,! necessity ( arriv+ at tru? ( expression1 ) no?+ to guide y b ^! rules1 :i* are influ5c$ by a v>iety ( conditions1 w compel y to exp]im5t = y\rself1 ) special ref]5ce to ! comb9ation ( ! surr\nd+ temp]ature1 ! /r5g? ( ! acid1 ! numb] ( p>tial bit+s1 ! pressure ( ! po9t1 ! diff]5t ?icknesses ( ! po9ts1 & ! v>i\s k9ds ( "w t c be done ) !m1 on ! "o h&2 & on ! o!r1 ) reg>d to ! l5g? ( ! bit+s4 ,if y are call$ ^u to imitate a giv5 object v closely1 y mu/ proce$ rationally1 & y\r "w mu/ be accompani$ by cont9ual reflection4 ,to famili>ize y\rself ) ^! delicate op]ations1 y mu/ exp]im5t = y\rself2 don't compla9 if y spoil a few plates2 y w le>n some?+ by y\r failures1 z y\r exp]i5ce 9 "o case w tea* y :at to d 9 o!rs4 ,self-acquir$ exp]i5ce is ( all tea*]s ! be/4 #gb4 ,v>i\s o!r ,me?ods ( ,bit+4--,! two prec$+ me?ods1 :i*1 9 a g5]al way1 compreh5d ! rules ( bit+1 d n exclude o!r p>ticul> me?ods ( a simil> nature4 ,?us1 x may be well sometimes to et* at fir/ only ! simple outl9e1 bit+ x 9 m or less vigor\sly1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! case 7see ,pl4 ,,iv4 ,fig4 #c72 & !n1 hav+ rev>ni%$ & resmok$ ! plate1 to elaborate ! draw+ by go+ ov] x ei!r 9 "s p>ts only or ?r\gh\t ! :ole4 ,rembr&t (t5 pursu$ ?is c\rse2 & we may foll[ ! sev]al /ages ( 8 "w by /udy+ ! v>i\s /ates ( 8 plates4 ,we see t he took great pa9s to "w out "s "p ( 8 subject v c>efully1 )\t t\*+ ! o!r p>ts2 he !n took a pro(1 & aft]w>ds w5t ov] ! same "p ) f9] l9es1 & pass$ on to ! o!r p>ts1 treat+ !m accord+ to ! effect :i* he desir$ to rea*4 ,?is me?od is (t5 imitat$2 x is employ$ :5 x is necess>y to lay a %ad[ ov] a passage full ( detail1 z1 = in/ance1 9 ar*itectural subjects1 9 ! execution ( :i* x is easi]1 & t5ds to avoid confusion1 to fix ! l9es ( ! design fir/1 & !n1 hav+ laid ! gr\nd a second "t1 to add ! %ad[s4 7,see ,pl4 ,,iv4 ,fig4 #d47 ,p>don me6 ,b might n ?is result be obta9$ by ! same bit+1 if ! l9es ( ! design 7 drawn ) a co>se po9t1 & ! %ad+ 7 add$ ) a f9] "o8 ,c]ta9ly2 & 9 t case we %\ld h an in/ance ( "w execut$ ) sev]al ne$les1 su* z ,i po9t$ out to y be=e4 ,f ! explanations previ\sly giv51 x w be cle>1 also1 t1 ! nature ( ! subject p]mitt+1 x may be advantage\s sometimes to execute a plate by draw+ & bit+ ea* di/ance by itself4 ,?us y may comm5ce ) ! =egr\nd1 & may bite x 92 hav+ _h a pro( tak51 rev>ni% y\r plate1 & proce$ 9 ! same fa%ion to ! execution ( ! o!r di/ances1 & ( ! sky1 always hav+ a pro( tak5 aft] ea* bit+ to s]ve y z a guide4 ,?is mode ( op]ation--ess5tially t ( ! engrav]--is ( special advantage 9 putt+ 9 a sky or a backgr\nd beh9d complicat$ foliage4 ,y c draw & bite y\r sky or y\r backgr\nd all by itself 7see ,pl4 ,,iv4 ,fig4 #e71 & !n1 hav+ rev>ni%$ y\r plate1 y c execute y\r trees on ! backgr\nd4 ,z ! trees are bitt5 by !mselves1 x is evid5t t we h avoid$ a difficulty :i* is almo/ insurm\ntable1--t1 namely1 ( /opp+ out ) ! bru% ! l9es ( ! sky betwe5 intricate masses ( foliage4 ,b we c also proce$ diff]5tly4 ,we c comm5ce ) ! trees1 draw+ !m & bit+ !m 91 & c f9i% ) ! sky1 hav+ rev>ni%$ ! plate z usual3 ! sky w ?us fall into its place beh9d ! trees4 ,y ne$ n tr\ble y\rself because ! l9es ( ! sky pass across ! l9es ( ! trees4 ,! bit+ ( ! sky mu/ be s delicate t x w n affect ! value ( ! foliage1 & y may !re=e c>ry y\r po9t 9 all directions1 & use x z freely z y please4 ,"s et*]s f9d x m conv5i5t to comm5ce ) ! sky & ! backgr\nd1 on acc\nt ( ! po9ts ( resi/ance enc\nt]$ by ! ne$le 9 ! m deeply bitt5 l9es ( ! trees1 :i* de/roys _! fre$om ( execution4 ,!y are correct1 :5ev] ! sky to be execut$ is v complicat$2 b if only a few l9es are involv$1 x w be bett] to introduce !m aft]w>ds4 ,x is1 besides1 an easy matt] to get accu/om$ to ! jump+ ( ! po9t :5 x is work+ on a gr\nd t has previ\sly be5 bitt54 ,:at ,i h j told y applies also to ! ma/s & ! rigg+ ( vessels1 c41 &1 inde$1 to all l9es :i* cut cle>ly & /rongly across a delicately bitt5 di/ance4 ,an et*] ( great m]it has conceiv$ ! orig9al idea ( execut+ an et*+ 9 ! ba? itself1 comm5c+ ) ! passages :i* ne$ a vigor\s bit+1 !n successively pass+ on to ! m delicate p>ts1 & f9ally end+ ) ! sky4,c ,! v>i\s di/ances ?us receive _! due proportion ( bit+2 b x is necess>y to "w v quickly1 z ! bit+ ( a plate et*$ 9 ! ba? 9 ?is mann] proce$s five to six times m rapidly ?an if done 9 ! ord9>y mann]4 ,e et*] ought to be curi\s to try ?is bold me?od ( work+1 s t he may see h[ x is possible to ally ! inspiration ( ! mom5t ) ! unc]ta9 duration ( ! bit+1 :i* 9 ?is process has emancipat$ itself f all me?odical rule1 & foll[s no law b t impos$ ^u x by ! caprice ( ! arti/4#af ,c ,! ba?1 9 ?is case1 is compos$ z foll[s3-- #hhj gr4 wat]4 #ajj pure hydro*loric 7muriatic7 acid4 #bj potassium *lorate4 ,all ?is goes to %[ y t !re is ample lib]ty ( *oice z to processes 9 et*+4 ,x is well to try !m all1 z x is well to try e ?+ t may give new & unkn[n results1 may inspire ideas1 or may lead to progress1 nei!r ( :i* is likely to happ5 9 ! pursuit ( m]e r\t9e "w4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,recomm5dations ,,& ,,auxili>y ,,processes4--,,z9k ,,& ,,/eel ,,plates4--,,v>i\s ,,!ories4 ,a4 ,,recomm5dations ,,& ,,auxili>y ,,processes4 #gc4 ,! ,r\lette4--,! latitude :i* ,i gave y does n ext5d to ! po9t ( approv+ ( all mat]ial res\rces )\t any exception4 ,!re is "o :i* ,i %all n p]mit y to make use (1 z ! ne$le has en\gh res\rces ( its own to be able to d )\t x4 ,i allude to ! r\lette1 :i* f9ds its natural application 9 o!r species ( engrav+4 #gd4 ,! ,flat ,po9t4--,employ ! flat po9t ) judgm5t2 x takes up a great deal ( v>ni%1 b gives l9es ( little dep?1 & ( less /r5g? ?an ^? :i* c be obta9$ by prolong$ bit+1 ) an ord9>y ne$le4 #ge4 ,! ,grav] or ,bur94--,& ! grav]3 :at d y say to t8 ,! grav] is ! cu/om>y & fundam5tal tool ( :at is prop]ly call$ l9e-engrav+4 ,al?\gh x is n absolutely necess>y 9 ! species ( et*+ :i* we are /udy+1 !re are cases1 nev]!less1 9 :i* x c be us$ to advantage1 b always z an auxili>y only4 ,if1 = in/ance1 y desire to give =ce to a deeply bitt5 b grayi% & dull passage1 or to a flat t9t :i* looks monoton\s1 a few resolute & irregul> t\*es ) ! grav] w d wond]s1 & w add w>m? & color4 ,a few isolat$ l9es ) ! grav] give fre%ness to a muddy1 brok51 or foxy t9t1 )\t increas+ its value4 ,! grav] may also be employ$ 9 pat*+ deeply bitt5 passages4 ,! grav]1 ( a rectangul> =m1 ) an angul> cutt+ edge1 is appli$ almo/ horizontally on ! b>e copp]2 its h&le1 r\nd$ above1 flat bel[1 is held 9 ! palm ( ! h&2 ! index f+] presses on ! /eel b>2 x is pu%$ =w>d1 & easily ent]s ! metal3 ! degree ( pressure appli$1 & ! angle :i* x makes ) ! plate1 produces ! diff]5ce 9 ! engrav$ l9es4 ,! color obta9$ by ! bur9 is deep] ?an t obta9$ by bit+1 z x cuts m deeply into ! copp]4 ,if ext5sively us$ 9 an et*+1 ! "w execut$ by ! grav] contra/s r unpleasantly ) ! quality ( ! et*$ "w1 z its l9es are extremely cle> cut4 ,to get rid ( ?is inequality1 x is suffici5t to rebite ! passages 9 "q v slightly1 :i* gives to ! bur9-l9es ! appe>ance ( et*$ l9es4 ,9 %ort3 use ! grav] ) great circumspection1 z its application to works ( ! ne$le is a v delicate matt]1 & gives to an et*+ a "* diff]5t f t :i* we are /riv+ =4 ,x seems to me t to employ x on a free et*+1 done on ! spur ( ! mom5t1 w\ld be l ?r[+ a phrase f ,bossuet into ! mid/ ( a lively conv]sation4#ag #gf4 ,s&pap]4--,z reg>ds o!r me*anical means1 be di/ru/ful ( t9ts obta9$ by rubb+ ! copp] ) s&pap]2 ^! t9ts g5]ally %[ 9 ! pro( z muddy spots1 & are want+ 9 fre%ness4 ,avoid ! process1 because ( its difficulty ( application4 ,only a v skilful engrav] c put x to good uses4 #gg4 ,sulphur ,t9ts4--,i %all be less afraid to see y make use ( fl[]s ( sulphur = ! purpose ( h>moniz+ or increas+ ! weight ( a t9t4 ,! sulphur is mix$ ) oil1 s z to =m a homog5e\s pa/e ?ick en\gh to be laid on ) a bru%4 ,by ! action ( ^! two sub/ances ! poli% on ! plate is de/roy$1 & ! result 9 pr9t+ is a fre% & s(t t9t1 :i* bl5ds agreeably ) ! "w ( ! ne$le4 ,diff]5ces 9 value are easily obta9$ by all[+ ! sulphur to rema9 on ! plate = a great] or less p]iod ( "t4 ,?is species ( bit+ acts m readily 9 hot wea!r2 a few m9utes are suffici5t to produce a firm t9t4 ,9 cold wea!r relatively m "t is ne$$4 ,! corrosions produc$ 9 ?is way h q a d>k appe>ance on ! plate1 b !y produce mu* light] t9ts 9 pr9t+4 ,if y are n satisfi$ ) ! result obta9$1 y c rub x out ) *>coal1 z ! copp] is corrod$ only q sup]ficially4 ,ow+ to ?is extreme slightness ( bit+1 ! burni%] may also be us$ to r$uce any p>ts :i* are to /& out :ite4 ,?is process1 z y see1 is v accommodat+2 b x is too mu* l mezzot9t or aquat9t1 &1 fur!rmore1 x c only be appli$ 9 flat t9ts1 )\t modell+4 ,i h1 nev]!less1 expla9$ x to y1 s t y may be able to use x1 if y %\ld h a notion to d s1 z a matt] ( curiosity1 b ) res]ve4 ,x is bett] to use ! dry po9t1 :i* has m aff9ity to ! processes natural to et*+4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,v4 #gh4 ,mottl$ ,t9ts4--,y may also make use ( ! foll[+ process 7b ) ! same re/rictions7 9 ! repres5tation ( p>ts ( old walls1 ( rocks & e>?1 or ( passages to :i* y desire to imp>t ! "* ( a sort ( arti/ic disord]3--,di/ribute a quantity ( ord9>y et*+-gr\nd on a copp] plate suffici5tly heat$2 !n take y\r dabb]1 &1 hav+ *>g$ x unequally ) v>ni%1 & hav+ also heat$ y\r et*$ plate1 press ! dabb] on ! passages :i* are to receive ! t9t2 ! v>ni% adh]es to ! plate 9 an irregul> mann]1 leav+ ! copp] b>e "h & !re4 ,n[ /op out ) ! bru% ^? p>ts :i* y desire to protect1 & bite 9 ) pure acid2 ! result w be a curi\sly mottl$ irregul> t9t 7see ,pl4 ,v4 ,fig4 #b74 ,prop]ly us$ 9 ! repres5tation ( subjects on :i* y are at lib]ty to ex]cise y\r fancy1 ?is process w give y unexpect$ & (t5 happy results4 #gi4 ,/opp+-out be=e all ,bit+4--,be=e we proce$1 ,i mu/ %[ y an easy me?od ( repres5t+ a ?und]-/orm 7see ,pl4 ,v4 ,fig4 #b73--,"w ! sky ) ! ne$le1 v closely1 s z to get ! sombre t9ts ( ! cl\ds2 &1 be=e bit+1 trace ! /reaks ( lightn+ on ! et*$ "w ) a bru% & /opp+-out v>ni%2 be+ ?us protect$ aga9/ ! acid1 ^! /reaks w %[ :ite 9 ! pr9t+1 & ! effect w be neat] & m natural ?an if y _h attempt$ to obta9 x by ! ne$le itself1 z y w avoid ! some:at h>d outl9es on ei!r side ( ! lightn+1 :i* w\ld o!rwise h be5 necess>y to indicate x4 ,y c employ ! same process = effects ( moonlight1 = reflect$ lights on wat]1 &1 9 fact1 = all light l9es :i* x is difficult to pick out on a d>k gr\nd4 ,b4 ,,z9k ,,plates ,,& ,,/eel ,,plates4 #hj4 ,z9k ,plates4--,s f> ,i h spok5 to y ( copp] plates only2 b et*+s are also execut$ on z9k & on /eel4 ,z9k bites rapidly1 & ne$s only "o qu>t] ( ! "t necess>y = copp]1 ) ! same /r5g? ( acid2 or1 ) ! same l5g? ( "t1 an acid ( t5 degrees is suffici5t4 ,! bit+ is co>se1 & )\t ei!r delicacy or dep?4 ,a z9k plate pr9ts only a small edition4#ah #ha4 ,/eel ,plates4--,/eel also bites ) great rapidity4 ,"o "p ( acid to sev5 ( wat] is suffici5t2 & ! bit+ is accompli%$1 on ! av]age1 9 f "o to five m9utes1 f ! fa9te/ di/ance to ! /ronge/ =egr\nd4 ,free1 arti/ic et*+s are v r>ely execut$ on /eel1 :i* is m p>ticul>ly us$ 9 o!r k9ds ( engrav+4 ,c4 ,,v>i\s ,,o!r ,,processes4 #hb4 ,s(t ,gr\nd ,et*+4--,!re is a k9d ( et*+ kn[n z s(t-gr\nd et*+1 & b little practis$ at pres5t1 :i* 0 successfully cultivat$ ab\t ?irty ye>s ago by ,l\is ,m>vy & ,masson4 ,! engrav]s ( ! la/ c5tury us$ to call x gravure en mani]e de crayon4#ai ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,vi4 ,take a ball ( common et*+-gr\nd1 & melt x 9 ! wat]-ba? 9 a small vessel1 add+ to x1 9 w9t]1 an equal volume1 & 9 summ] only "o-?ird ( ! same volume1 ( tall[4 ,let ! mixture cool1 =m x into a ball1 & wrap x up 9 a piece ( v f9e silk4 ,gr\nd y\r plate 9 ! usual way1 & smoke lightly4 ,on ?is s(t gr\nd fix a piece ( v ?9 pap] hav+ a gra91 & on ! pap] ?us atta*$ to ! plate1 execute y\r design ) a lead-p5cil4 ,:]ev] ! p5cil passes1 ! v>ni% /icks to ! pap] 9 proportion to ! pressure ( ! h&2 &1 on c>efully remov+ ! %eet1 x takes up ! v>ni% t adh]es to x4 ,bite ! plate1 & ! result w be a facsimile ( ! design execut$ on ! pap]4 7,see ,pl4 ,,vi47 ,if ! pro(s are too s(t1 or want+ 9 decision1 ! plate may be work$ ov] ) ! ne$le1 by regr\nd+1 & !n rebit+ x4 ,! fir/ /ate c ?us be elaborat$ l an ord9>y et*+1 & ! necess>y precision c be giv5 to x :5ev] ! idea to be express$ is vaguely or insuffici5tly r5d]$2 or ! same end may be rea*$ by ! dry po9t4 ,9 ei!r case1 h[ev]1 all ! ret\*es mu/ be execut$ by irregul> /ippl+1 s t !y may h>monize ) ! result ( ! fir/ bit+4 ,o!rwise !re w be a lack ( homog5eity 9 ! appe>ance ( et*+s ( ?is sort1 9 :i* ! gra9 ( ! pap] plays an important "p4 ,smoo? pap] gives no result :atev]4 ,! pap] us$ may h a co>se gra9 or a f9e gra91 at ! pleasure ( ! et*]1 or pap]s ( diff]5t gra9 may be us$ 9 ! same design4 ,?is /yle ( et*+ requires great c>e 9 h&l+ ! plate1 on acc\nt ( ! t5d]ness ( ! gr\nd4 ,9 draw+1 a h&-re/ mu/ be us$1 s t ! h& may n t\* ! plate4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,vii4 #hc4 ,dry ,po9t ,et*+4--,! dry po9t is also us$ = et*+1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( ! acid-ba?4 ,! design is execut$ ) ! dry po9t on ! b>e copp]2 ! diff]5ce 9 values is obta9$ by ! great] or less am\nt ( pressure us$1 & by ! diff]5ce 9 ! di/ance betwe5 ! l9es4 7,see ,plate ,,vii47 ,! brilliancy ( effect :i* et*+s ( ?is k9d may or may n possess1 dep5ds on ! use made ( ! scrap] 7see p>agraph #di1 p4 #cc74 ,y w f9d x conv5i5t to v>ni% & smoke y\r plate1 to beg9 )1 & to trace ! lead+ l9es ( y\r design on ! gr\nd1 tak+ c>e to cut lightly into ! copp] ) ! po9t4 ,!n remove ! v>ni%1 & cont9ue y\r draw+1 guid$ by ^! g5]al outl9es4 ,x is be/ to comm5ce ) ! sky1 or o!r delicate passages1 & to remove ! bur f !m1 if !re are o!r /rong] l9es to be drawn ov] !m4 ,y c see p]fectly well :at y are do+1 by rubb+ a little lamp-black mix$ ) tall[ into ! l9es z y proce$1 & clean+ ! plate ) ! flat ( y\r h&2 9 ?is way y c control y\r "w1 & c c>ry x =w>d until x is f9i%$1 ei!r by remov+ m or less ( ! bur1 or by all[+ all ( x to /&1 or by ! elaboration ( ^? passages :i* seem to ne$ x4 ,! l9es %[ on ! plate z !y are int5d$ to %[ on ! pap]4 ,y c !re=e br+ out y\r subject by %ad+2 y c lay vigor\s l9es ov] l9es f :i* ! bur has be5 remov$2 y c take out1 & y c put 94 ,! effect produc$ 9 ! pr9t+ is velvety & /rong1 simil> to t produc$ by ! /ump on pap]4 ,rembr&t employ$ ! dry po9t1 )\t scrap+1 9 "s ( 8 pr9cipal et*+s4 #hd4 ,! ,p5 ,process4--,i mu/ n[ speak to y ( a process :i* (f]s c]ta9 advantages4 ,clean y\r plate ?or\ghly1 fir/ ) turp5t9e1 & !n ) :it+1 & take c>e n to t\* ! poli%$ surface ) y\r f+]s4 ,execute a design on ! b>e copp] ) ! p5 & ord9>y ink4 ,y mu/ n1 ( c\rse1 expect to f9d 9 ! p5 ! same delicacy z 9 ! ne$le4 ,! design hav+ be5 f9i%$ & ?or\ghly dri$1 gr\nd & smoke y\r plate )\t1 = ! pres5t1 tak+ any fur!r notice ( ! design2 b be sure to see to x t ! coat ( v>ni% is n too ?ick2 !n lay ! plate into wat]1 & let x /ay !re = a qu>t] ( an h\r4 ,hav+ )drawn ! plate1 rub x lightly ) a piece ( flannel2 ! ink1 hav+ be5 s(t5$ by ! wat]1 comes (f1 toge!r ) ! v>ni% :i* cov]s x1 & leaves ! design 9 well-def9$ l9es on ! copp]1 :i* y may n[ bite4 ,y may "w ei!r ) "o p5 & sev]al bit+s1 or ) sev]al p5s ( v>i\s degrees ( f95ess & "o bit+4 ,z 9 ! case ( s(t gr\nd et*+1 y may make additions ) ! ne$le to give delicacy4 ,x is necess>y to gr\nd ! plate & to soak x 9 wat] z soon z may be aft] ! f9i%+ ( ! design4 ,at ! end ( two days1 ! ink refuses to rub (f4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,prov+ ,,& ,,pr9t+4 #he4 ,wax ,pro(s4--,our fir/ desire1 aft] ! gr\nd has be5 remov$ f ! plate1 is to see a pro(4 ,if y h no press1 & yet desire to take pro(s ( y\r "w aft] ea* bit+1 y may employ ! foll[+ process to good advantage3-- ,take a %eet ( v ?9 pap]1 a little l>g] ?an y\r plate1 & cov] x ) a ?9 lay] ( melt$ wax4 ,! latt] mu/ be real :ite wax4 ,!n spr9kle a little lamp-black on y\r engrav$ plate1 & di/ribute x ) y\r f+]1 s z to rub x into ! l9es2 clean ! surface ( ! plate by c>efully pass+ ! palm ( y\r h& ov] x4 ,n[ lay ! %eet ( pap] on ! plate1 ) its wax$ surface d[n1 & be sure to turn ! edges ( ! pap] ov] on ! back ( ! plate1 s z to prev5t its mov+2 !n rub ) ! burni%] 9 all directions4 ,! lamp-black /icks to ! wax1 & is sure to give an approximate image1 suffici5t to guide y 9 ! fur!r prosecution ( y\r "w1 if t %\ld be necess>y4#bj #hf4 ,! ,pr9t+-,press4--,^! pro(s1 h[ev]1 z well z ^? :i* 7 hurri$ly pr9t$ = y s f>1 give only a m]e idea ( y\r "w1 )\t convey+ its full mean+4 ,if y desire to become acqua9t$ ) all ! res\rces ( ! pr9t+-press1 y w h to g to a plate pr9t]4 ,x is well wor? y\r :ile to acquire ?is k1 also1 aft] y h famili>iz$ y\rself ) ! v>i\s processes at ! comm& ( ! et*]4 ,"h1 !n1 is ! pr9t] at 8 press3 at 8 side !re is a box made ( %eet-iron1 enclos+ a *af+-di%2 !re are also pr9t+-ink1 a ball = ink+1 rags1 & pap]4#ba ,he is ab\t to expla9 ! use made ( ^! ?+s to our "y /ud5t1 :o deliv]s 8 plate to him1 & is anxi\s to be in/ruct$ 9 all t relates to ! tak+ ( impressions4 #hg4 ,natural ,pr9t+4--,! pr9t] n[ beg9s 8 explanations z foll[s3-- ,i place ! plate on ! %eet-iron box 7! plate-w>m]72 x !re acquires ! necess>y degree ( heat1 & ,i !n spread ! pr9t+ ink ov] x by means ( ?is ball2 ! ink p5etrates into ! l9es1 & completely cov]s ! :ole surface ( ! plate2 ,i remove ! excess ( ink ) a co>se musl9 rag1 precisely z ?is is done 9 all o!r k9ds ( plate pr9t+2 ,i n[ clean ! plate ) ! palm ( my h&1 s t no ink is left on x any:]e b 9 ! l9es2 ,i f9ally wipe ! m>g9s ( ! plate ev5ly1 s z to leave a delicate t9t on ! et*$ "p only1 & !n ,i put ! plate into ! press4 ,! plate is laid on ! travell+-bo>d or b$ ( ! press1 :i* runs betwe5 two cyl9d]s ( iron or h>d wood2 on ! plate ,i lay a piece ( pap]1 slightly moi/5$1 & ,i cov] ! :ole ) sev]al ?icknesses ( flannel2 ,i turn ! :eel ( ! press1 & ! cyl9d]s1 turn+ on !mselves1 c>ry along ! travell+-bo>d1 :i*1 9 pass+ betwe5 !m1 is subject$ to great pressure4 ,! pap] is ?us press$ into ! l9es on ! plate1 & ?is process is facilitat$ by ! ela/icity ( ! flannel4 ,y see n[ t y\r plate has come out on ! o!r side ( ! roll]s 7or cyl9d]s73 we h giv5 ! press only "o turn1 al?\gh1 z a rule1 ! plate is pass$ ?r\gh ! press twice1 by mak+ x travel back aga9 "u ! roll]s4 ,?is imp>ts /r5g? to ! impression2 b occasionally ! l9es are n r5d]$ z delicately & ) z mu* precision1 z ) only "o turn4 ,i remove ! flannel1 & v c>efully lift ! pap]2 x has absorb$ ! ink3 we h be=e u a natural pro(1 :i* %[s ! exact /ate ( ! plate 7see ,pl4 ,i474 ,l9e-engrav+s are pr9t$ 9 ! same mann]2 ) ?is diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 t ! t9t1 m or less app>5t1 :i* is pres]v$ on an et*+1 is n all[$ to rema9 on a plate engrav$ ) ! bur94 #hh4 ,artificial ,pr9t+4--,! pr9t+ ( et*+s v frequ5tly diff]s f ! simple me?od j describ$4 ,x mu/ be v>i$ accord+ to ! /yle ( execution adopt$ by ! et*]2 &1 z mu* ( ! h>mony ( ! plate may dep5d ^u x1 x sometimes rises to ! dignity ( an art1 9 :i* ! arti/ & ! pr9t] are m]g$ into ea* o!r1--! pr9t] los+ himself 9 ! arti/1 z he is compell$ to ent] into ! latt]'s ideas2 & ! arti/ giv+ way to ! pr9t]1 to avail himself ( 8 practical exp]i5ce4 ,! pro( f y\r plate1 = in/ance1 has a dry look 7see ,pl4 ,i472 x ne$s m s(tness1 & ?is c be giv5 to x by ! pr9t]4,d 7,see ,pl4 ,,ii47 ,d ,x w\ld be a great advantage if e et*] c\ld pr9t 8 own pro(s4 ,rembr&t is ! mo/ /rik+ example1 z he 0 ! au?or ( _m ( ! devices 9 use ev5 to-day4 ,a press c easily be procur$4 ,! firm ( ,ve4 ,cad>t1 ,p>is1 has _h a little portable press con/ruct$1 especially = ! use ( arti/s & amateurs4 ,all ! necess>y accessories = pr9t+ c also be obta9$ ( ?is firm4 7,see ,note #bb47 ,i w n[ expla9 to y "s ( ! v>i\s artifices :i* are employ$ 9 pr9t+4 #hi4 ,h&wip+ ) ,retr\ssage4--,hav+ wip$ ! plate ) ! palm ( ! h&1 we might br+ x up aga9 7la retr\ss]7 by play+ ov] x v lightly ) a piece ( s(t musl9 rag roll$ toge!r4 ,! musl9 draws ! ink out ( ! l9es1 & spreads x along _! edges1 s t1 9 ! pro(1 ! space betwe5 ! l9es is fill$ up by a vigor\s t9t4 ,b ?is process c only be us$ on plates 9 :i* ! l9es are ev5ly dispos$ ?r\gh\t1 &1 m especially1 scatt]$4 ,to produce ! prop] effect ! retr\ssage mu/ be g5]al2 because1 if ! rag passes ov] "o passage only1 & n ov] ! o!rs1 or1 if x is br\ght into play only on ! d>k p>ts1 & n 9 ! lights1 !re w be discordance ( tone1 & consequ5tly want ( h>mony4 ,9 ! pres5t case1 !re=e1 retr\ssage w\ld be unsatisfactory1 because ! "w on y\r plate1 :ile x is broadly treat$ 9 "s p>ts1 is s close 9 o!rs t !re is no room left betwe5 ! furr[s4 ,x foll[s t !re is no place = ! ink1 drawn out ( ! l9es1 to spread on2 ! result w\ld be a muddy t9t1--"o ( ^? ov]*>g$ impressions :i* br+ criticism ^u ! pr9t]1 because he has appli$ retr\ssage to a plate :i* did n ne$ x4 #ij4 ,t9t+ ) a ,/iff ,rag4--,let u n[ try ano!r means4 ,! pro( w ga9 9 fre%ness if we s(t5 ! l9es by go+ ov] ! plate1 aft] x has be5 wip$ ) ! h&1 some:at m heavily ) /iff musl94 ,ow+ to ! pressure us$1 ! rag1 in/ead ( c>ry+ away ! ink :i* x has tak5 up out ( ! l9es1 reta9s x2 a t9t l t produc$ by ! /ump is spread ov] ! plate1 & envelops ! l9es )\t obscur+ !m2 ! pro( is supple & velvety4 7,see ,pl4 ,,ii47 #ia4 ,wip+ ) ! ,rag only4--,"h is ano!r v>iety4 ,i am j pr9t+ a numb] ( orig9al plates by diff]5t arti/s4 ,be+ true pa9t]'s et*+s1 "s ( ^! plates are boldly acc5tuat$ & heavily bitt52 ! l9es are widely ap>t1 & significant4 ,if ^! plates 7 pr9t$ naturally1 !y w\ld yield b>e & poor-look+ pro(s4 ,wip+ ) ! h& w\ld be useless4 ,i !re=e g ov] ! plate ) /iff musl94 ,9 ! same mann] ,i cont9ue & f9i%1 s z to give ! greate/ am\nt ( clean+ to ! lum9\s passages1 :ile a tol]ably /rong t9t is left on ! d>k & deeply bitt5 ones4 ,or ,i might h wip$ ! plate en]getically ) s(t musl91 & !n might h br\ght up aga9 c]ta9 passages ) a s(t & some:at clean] rag4 ,?is me?od ( wip+1 :i* leaves on ! surface ( ! plate a t9t ( m or less dep?1 mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) retr\ssage4 ,"h is a pro( ( "o ( ! plates ( :i* ,i spoke to y3 x is well su/a9$ at all po9ts2 ! l9es are full & n\ri%$2 ! g5]al aspect is h>moni\s & en]getic2 ! lights are s(t5$2 ! /rongly m>k$ passages are envelop$ 9 a w>m t9t4 ,"o might almo/ say t ! effect ( pa9t+ has be5 c>ri$ into et*+4 ,?is me?od is employ$ = plates :i* h be5 deeply bitt51 b ^u :i* /opp+-out has be5 us$ b sp>+ly1 = works 9 :i* !re is sobriety ( expression1 or = sket*es 7see ,pl4 ,,viii474 ,x is all ! m necess>y1 sometimes1 = ! pr9t] to take ! initiative1 ! simpl] ! plate has be5 et*$2 x is left to him1 9 %ort1 to complete ! int5tion m]ely indicat$ by ! arti/4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,viii4 #ib4 ,limits ( ,artificial ,pr9t+4--,^! examples h %[n to y t diff]5ce 9 tone dep5ds on ! am\nt ( pressure1 & ! v>iety ( texture 9 ! musl94 ,x is (t5times necess>y--& ?is is an affair ( tact--to make use ( ^! div]se qualities ( ! musl9 on ! same plate1--n[ r$uc+ an ov]-/rong t9t by m vigor\s wip+2 n[ giv+ r5ew$ =ce to x1 9 case x has become too s(t4 ,^! v>i\s means con/itute ! art ( pr9t+ et*+s4 ,b1 :ile fully recogniz+ _! effici5cy :5 !y are us$ to ! purpose1 we mu/ also keep 9 m9d ! dang]s :i* arise f _! be+ appli$ )\t disc]nm5t4 ,plates produc$ by an intellig5t comb9ation ( bit+s1 mu/ be pr9t$ naturally1 if !y are n to lose ! absolute "* giv5 to !m by ! ne$le & ! acid4 ,if !y are at all wip$ ) ! rag1 s z to imp>t m s(tness to !m1 x mu/1 at lea/1 be done ) ! greate/ ( c>e4 ,! arti/ has e ?+ to ga91 !re=e1 by wat*+ ov] ! pr9t+ ( 8 plates1 & in/ruct+ ! pr9t] z to ! mann] 9 :i* he desires to be int]pret$4 ,"s et*]s pref] ! simplicity ( ! natural /ate2 b ! great majority favor ! o!r me?od ( pr9t+1 :i*1 = ! v reason t x is difficult1 & on acc\nt ( ! _m v>iations 9 its application1 ought always to be an object ( int]e/ to ! pr9t]1 & ! aim ( 8 /udies4 ,x is1 moreov]1 ! me?od :i* is g5]ally und]/ood & adopt$ by our fir/ et*]s4#bb #ic4 ,pr9t+ ,inks4--,! quality & ! %ade ( ! ink1 z well z ! way 9 :i* x is gr\nd1 are ( great importance 9 ! beauty ( a pro(4 ,inks are made ( pure black1 slightly temp]$ ) bi/re or burnt si5na1 & ! %ade c be v>i$ accord+ to ta/e4 ,a plate l y\rs ne$s a delicate black1 compos$ ( ,frank=t black & lamp-black2 ! bi/re-t9t1 :i*1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 loses its fre%ness & /r5g?1 w\ld n answ]4 ,?is t9t is always be/ suit$ to /rongly bitt5 "w1 b 9 y\r case x w\ld be insuffici5t4 ,a v /rong black1 on ! o!r h&1 w\ld make y\r et*+ look h>d4 ,?is la/ %ade--pure1 or v slightly brok5 ) bi/re--is pref]able = /rongly acc5t$ plates4#bc #id4 ,pap]4--,laid pap] is ! mo/ suitable pap] = pr9t+ et*+s2 its sp>kle produces a m>vell\s effect2 its /r5g? defies "t itself4 ,"s arti/s & amateurs ransack ! %ops = old pap] ) br[n & d+y edges1 :i*1 to c]ta9 plates1 imp>ts ! appe>ance ( old et*+s4 ,india pap] 7,*9ese pap]7 promotes purity ( l9e2 b1 z its surface is dull1 x furni%es some:at dry & dim pro(s4 ,japanese pap]1 ( a w>m yell[i% t9t1 silky & transp>5t1 is excell5t1 especially = plates :i* ne$ m ( my/]y ?an ( brilliancy1 = heavy & deep tones1 & = conc5tration ( effect4 ,japanese pap] absorbs ! ink1 & x is necess>y1 !re=e1 to br+ up 7retr\ss]7 ! plate /rongly1 & to wipe x ) ! rag4 ,?is pap] is less favorable to sket*es1 ! precise1 free1 & widely spac$ l9es ( :i* accommodate !mselves bett] to ! t9t ( ! laid pap]4 ,p>*m5t may also be us$ = pro(s2 no?+ equals ! beauty ( su* pro(s1 pr9t$ ei!r naturally1 or wip$ ) ! rag2 !y are ! treasures ( collectors4#bd #ie4 ,epreuves ,volantes4--,on ,*9ese & ,japanese pap]1 z well z on p>*m5t1 s-call$ epreuves volantes 7fly+ pro(s7 are pr9t$2 t is to say1 loose pro(s1 :i* are n pa/$ d[n on :ite pap]4 ,!y are simply atta*$ to ,bri/ol bo>d by ! two upp] corn]s1 :i* br+s !m out p]fectly4 #if4 ,pro(s be=e ,lett]+4--,all ( ^! v>i\s k9ds ( pap]1 ea* ( :i* has its own claim = excell5ce1 & especially ,japanese pap]1 are by pref]5ce us$ = arti/s' pro(s & pro(s be=e lett]+1 :i* are pr9t$ be=e ! title is engrav$ on ! plate4 ,x is cu/om>y to pr9t a great] or less numb] ( su* pro(s1 :i*1 be+ /ruck (f :5 ! plate is /ill q fre%1 %[ x at its be/4 ,aft] t1 ! plate is lett]$1 & an ord9>y edition is pr9t$ f x4 ,x foll[s f ?is t ! possessor ( a pro( )\t title has ! be/ ! plate c af=d to give4 ,b1 z ! pictures by ! ma/]s d n /& 9 ne$ ( a signature to be recogniz$1 s ! pro(s be=e lett]+ may well d )\t ! gu>anty :i* is f\nd 9 ! abs5ce ( a title2 ev5 )\t ?is gu>anty an amateur kn[s h[ to recognize ! virg9 fre%ness ( an e>ly impression1 :i* is /ill fur!r augm5t$ by ! extreme c>e be/[$ on ! pr9t+ ( ^! exceptional pro(s1 b :i* _c be kept up ?r\gh a long edition4 #ig4 ,epreuves de ,rem>que4--,epreuves de rem>que 7m>k$ pro(s71 %[+ ! diff]5t /ates ( ! plate1 & ! v>i\s modifications :i* x und]w5t1 are also s\ght aft]4 ,_! r>ity increases _! price4#be #ih4 ,numb] ( ,impressions :i* a ,plate is capable ( yield+4--,! numb] ( impressions :i* a plate c yield is n fix$1 z ! p[] ( resi/+ ! we> & te> ( pr9t+ dep5ds l>gely on ! delicacy or ! /r5g? ( ! "w4 ,! quality ( ! copp] mu/ also be consid]$1 a s(t plate giv+ way mu* fa/] ?an a h>d plate :i* has be5 well hamm]$4 ,! plates prep>$ to-day d n resi/ z well z ^? =m]ly made2 & z ! popul>ity ( works ( art multipli$ by ! press has consid]ably increas$1 x became necess>y to look ab\t = means by :i* ! surface ( a copp] plate may be h>d5$1 & be made to yield a l>ge edition4 ,?is has be5 accompli%$ by #ii4 ,/eel-fac+4--,/eel-fac+1 :i* 0 inv5t$ by ,messrs4 ,salmon & ,g>ni]1 & :i* ,m4 ,jacqu9 und]took to r5d] practicable1 consi/s 9 deposit+ a coat+ ( v]itable /eel1 by galvanic action1 on ! face ( ! copp] plate1 or1 9 o!r words1 by ! sup]position ( a h>d metal on a s(t metal4 ,?is mode ( protection1 :i* p]fectly pres]ves ! mo/ delicate passages1 ev5 d[n to ! almo/ invisible scrat*es ( ! dry po9t1 n only gu>antees ! copp] aga9/ ! contact ( ! h& & ! rag1 :i* w\ld tell on x m ?an ! pressure ( ! roll]s1 b at ! same "t makes x possible to pr9t a ?\s& pro(s ( equal purity4 ,c]ta9 plates1 ow+ to ! mann] ( wip+ us$ on !m1 d n rea* ?is figure2 o!rs1 m simply pr9t$1 may yield ?ree to f\r ?\s& pro(s1 & sometimes ev5 a /ill l>g] numb]4 ,z soon z ! plate %[s ! slighte/ *ange1 or ! copp] beg9s to reappe>1 ! coat+ ( /eel is remov$ by *emical ag5ts1 :i*1 act+ diff]5tly on ! two metals1 corrode ! "o1 :ile !y leave ! o!r unt\*$4 ,! plate is ?us br\ght back to its orig9al /ate1 & is !re=e 9 ! same condition z be=e to receive a second /eel-fac+4 ,9 ?is way plates may be de-/eel$ & re-/eel$ a great _m times1 & ! pro(s pr9t$ f !m may be c>ri$ up to consid]able quantities4 ,z a rule1 ! plates are n /eel-fac$ until aft] ! pro(s be=e lett]+ h be5 pr9t$4 ,s(t-gr\nd et*+s1 ! bit+ ( :i* is q %all[1 mu/ be /eel-fac$ aft] two to ?ree hundr$ impressions4 ,! delicacy ( ! bur ?r[n up by ! dry po9t h>dly p]mits ! pr9t+ ( m ?an tw5ty or ?irty pro(s on an av]age2 /eel-fac+ c>ries ?is numb] up to a po9t :i* _c be fix$ absolutely1 b x is c]ta9 t ! bur takes ! /eel q z well & z solidly z an et*$ l9e4 ,dry po9ts may1 !re=e1 yield long editions2 ! /eel-fac+ mu/ 9 t case be r5ew$ :5ev] necess>y4#bf #ajj4 ,copp]-fac+ ,z9k ,plates4--,z9k plates _c be /eel-fac$1 b !y c be copp]-fac$4#bg ,/eel-fac+ has be5 adopt$ by ! ,*alcographic ,(fice ( ! ,l\vre1 & by ! ,gazette des ,beaux ,arts1 t rem>kable & unique publication :i* is an honor to criticism & is f\nd 9 all art libr>ies4 ,/eel-fac+1 9 fact1 is univ]sally employ$2 x pres]ves 9 good condition ! beautiful plates ( our engrav]s1 & makes x possible to put )9 rea* ( a great _m p engrav+s ( a *oice k9d1 :i* b lately 7 f\nd only 9 ! salons ( ! ri* & ! collections ( passionate amateurs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,et*]',s ,,/udio4 ,f ! ,?ird ,edition ( ,abraham ,bosse's ,treatise1 ,p>is1 #ageh4 ,illu/ration3 ,croquis d'apres nature1 p\r s]vir de modeles1 #ahgg4 ,le ,waag1 ,am/]dam4 ,,notes ,,by ,,! ,,translator4 #a 7p4 #b47 ,to ^! associations may be add$ ! ,g]man ,et*+ ,clubs at ,duesseldorf & at ,weim>1 :i* issue ye>ly portfolios ( plates execut$ by _! memb]s1 & ! ,am]ican ,et*+ ,clubs at ,new ,york & at ,c9c9nati4 ,! ,new ,york ,et*+ ,club 0 organiz$ 9 ,april1 #ahgg1 ) ,dr4 ,l4 ,m4 ,yale z its fir/ presid5t4 ,at ?is writ+ ,mr4 ,james ,d4 ,smillie is ! presid+ (fic] ( ! club1 :i* has ab\t tw5ty-f\r memb]s1 includ+ _m ( ! lead+ arti/s ( ,new ,york4 ,! ,c9c9nati ,et*+ ,club is compos$ almo/ entirely ( amateurs4 ,its presid5t is ,mr4 ,george ,mc,laughlin4 ,q lately an ,et*+ ,club has also be5 =m$ 9 ,bo/on1 ) ,mr4 ,edmund ,h4 ,g>rett z presid5t4 #b 7p4 #c47 ,b5z9e is pref]able to turp5t9e = mo/ ( ! op]ations ( ! et*]1 b m especially = clean+ soil$ h&s4 ,x is advisable to use turp5t9e only :5 ! b5z9e proves insuffici5t to remove ! la/ traces ( gr\nd or ink f ! l9es4 #c 7p4 #i47 ,some?+ ab\t tools & mat]ials has already be5 said 9 ! ,introductory ,*apt]1 p4 xiv4 ,:at is left to be said foll[s "h3-- ,copp] plates1 f visit+-c>d size 7at #a p] doz571 to any requir$ size c be b\ght (1 or ord]$ ?r\gh1 ! firms nam$ on p4 xiii1 or ( ,mr4 ,geo4 ,b4 ,%>p1 #de ,gold ,/41 ,new ,york4 ,mr4 ,%>p w s5d price-li/s on application4 ,! plates usually sold1 at lea/ ( ! small] sizes1 are made ( an alloy1 n ( pure copp]4 ,^! alloy plates are *eap] & bite m quickly ?an ^? ( pure copp]1 b x happ5s occasionally t !y d n bite ev5ly1 ow+ to want ( homog5eity 9 ! metal4 ,/ill1 !y are ext5sively us$1 & amateurs w f9d !m pref]able to ! m exp5sive copp] plates4 ,et*+-gr\nd4 ,a recipe = a *eap & yet a v good ord9>y gr\nd has be5 giv5 on p4 xv4 ,! transp>5t gr\nd consi/s ( #e p>ts1 by weight1 ( :ite wax4 #c gum-ma/ic4 ,gum-ma/ic co/s ab\t ?irty-five c5ts an ounce4 ,melt ! wax fir/1 & add ! gum-ma/ic 9 p[d] gradually1 /irr+ all ! :ile ) a clean glass or metal rod4 ,/opp+-out v>ni%4 7,see p4 xvi47 ,!re is a v>ni% sold at pa9t]s' supply-/ores "u ! "n ( ,asphaltum ,v>ni% = ,sign-,writ]s' ,use1 :i* does v well4 ,9 ,bo/on ,asahel ,:eel] sells x at fifte5 c5ts a bottle4 ,ne$le-hold]s are unnecess>y if ! po9ts describ$ on p4 xvi are us$4 ,burni%]s are sold at ! h>dw>e-/ores1 or by deal]s 9 wat*mak]s' mat]ials4 ,!y ought n to co/ above fifty c5ts apiece4 ,scrap]s4 ,same z burni%]s4 ,price n above #a4 ,"s deal]s ask #b1 :i* is exorbitant4 ,a l5s c be obta9$ ( any optician4 ,9 ,bo/on !y c also be _h ( ,a4,j4 ,wilk9son ,co41 h>dw>e deal]s1 #ahd ,wa%+ton ,/41 at prices v>y+ f #a to #a4ej4 ,india-rubb] f+]-gloves are unnecess>y if y use ! plate-lift] describ$ on p4 xvii4 ,nitric acid4 ,messrs4 ,p[]s ,weightman's ,nitric ,acid1 ,c4 ,p4 7i4 e4 *emically pure71 recomm5d$ on p4 xvii1 is #db degrees1 & ,messrs4 ,p4 ,w4 in=m me t ! /r5g? is tol]ably uni=m4 ,if y are an en?usia/ic et*] x w be be/ to buy a sev5-p\nd bottle1 :i* is ! next l>ge/ to ! "o-p\nd bottles4 ,trac+-pap]1 gelat9e1 *alk1 & sangu9e c be obta9$ at ! arti/s' mat]ial /ores4 ,em]y-pap]4 ,h>dw>e-/ores4 ,price f\r c5ts a %eet4 ,roll] = rev>ni%+4 ,see ,note #e4 ,to ! tools & mat]ials m5tion$ by ,m4 ,lalanne ! foll[+ mu/ be add$3 ,:it+1 b5z9e1 turp5t9e1 alcohol1 will[ *>coal4 ,! la/-nam$ article c be suppli$ by ,mr4 ,geo4 ,b4 ,%>p1 ( #de ,gold ,/41 ,new ,york1 be=e m5tion$4 #d 7p4 #aa47 ,i wrote to ,m4 ,lalanne to f9d out ! +r$i5ts ( ! petit v]nis liquide & v]nis au p9ceau1 b he says t he does n "k1 & t ! recipes are a secret ( ! mak] ( ^! v>ni%es4 ,! asphaltum v>ni% m5tion$ on p4 xvi & 9 ,note #c does excell5tly well1 h[ev]1 bo? = /opp+ out & ret\*+4 ,aft] x has be5 fann$ 7see p4 xxi7 until x has ?ick5$ suffici5tly n to /ick to ! f+] :5 t\*$1 b be=e x is q dry1 x c be work$ ^u ) ! po9t4 ,if n dry en\gh1 :i* w manife/ itself readily z soon z y h drawn ! fir/ l9e1 fan aga94 ,if x 7 all[$ to dry absolutely1 x w\ld *ip (f "u ! ne$le4 ,!re is a liquid gr\nd1 made by ,mr4 ,l\is ,delnoce ( ! ,am]ican ,bank ,note ,company1 ,new ,york1 :i*--s ,mr4 ,jas4 ,d4 ,smillie in=ms me--is us$ = ret\*es by ! engrav]s ( ! company1 is appli$ ) ! bru%1 is a v quick dry]1 t\gh1 & resi/s acid p]fectly4 ,mr4 ,delnoce sells x 9 ounce bottles at sev5ty-five c5ts ea*4 #e 7p4 #ab47 ,! roll] = rev>ni%+1 spok5 ( by ,m4 ,lalanne1 & also recomm5d$ by ,mr4 ,ham]ton1 _c be b\ght 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,nor--) all due def]5ce to ! great exp]i5ce ( ,m4 ,lalanne--is su* a l>ge & exp5sive roll] necess>y4 ,! roll]s us$ by our mo/ exp]i5c$ et*]s--,mr4 ,jas4 ,d4 ,smillie1 = in/ance--are little cyl9d]s ( ,india-rubb]1 ab\t "o in* 9 diamet] & "o & "o-half in*es long4 ,!y co/ f #ej c5ts to #b ea*4 ,b ^! roll]s _c be us$ ) et*+-pa/e4 ,! oil ( lav5d] 9 ! pa/e attacks ! rubb] & de/roys x4 ,z to ! mann] ( us+ ! ,india-rubb] roll] see ,note #ab4 #f 7p4 #bj47 ,! use ( bord]+ wax is n advisable4 ,b z "s et*]s /ill employ x1 ,i add a recipe = mak+ x1 :i* 0 k9dly communicat$ to me by ,mr4 ,pet] ,moran ( ,philadelphia3-- #c lbs4 ,burgundy pit*4 #a lb4 yell[ beeswax4 #a gill sweet oil4 ,melt toge!r & !n =m into /rips4 #g 7p4 #ba47 ,et*+ is ! mo/ individual ( ! reproductive arts 7or r ( ! multiply+ arts1 ! ,g]man v]vielfaeltig5de ,ku5/e71 ev5 9 its te*nical processes4 ,!re=e ne>ly e et*] has 8 own ways ( do+1 & few agree on all po9ts4 ,_m et*]s d n ?9k x necess>y to weak5 ! acid z describ$ 9 ! text4 ,b be sure to let x cool aft] x has be5 mix$ ) wat]1 be=e y imm]se y\r plate6 #h 7p4 #bb47 ,x w\ld take altoge!r too long to wait = ! p]fect dry+ ( ! asphaltum v>ni%1 nor is x necess>y4 ,fan x1 z describ$ 9 ,note #d1 & z soon z x ceases to /ick y c aga9 imm]se y\r plate4 #i 7p4 #be47 ,i h nev] be5 able to notice ?is turn+ d>k ( ! l9es1 al?\gh ,i h _h plates 9 ! ba? = sev]al h\rs1 & "s ( my arti/ acqua9tances :om ,i h consult$ on ! po9t1 h confirm$ my exp]i5ce4 ,possibly ! ph5om5on describ$ by ,m4 ,lalanne may be caus$ by impurities 9 ! acid4 #aj 7p4 #bg47 ,if ! read] w make use ( ! device = lift+ ! plate into & out ( ! ba?1 :i* ,i h describ$ on p4 xvii1 !re w be no necessity ( burn+ 8 f+]s4 ,) a little precaution1 & a pl5tiful use ( b5z9e = wa%+ & clean+1 ! da9tie/ lady's h& ne$ n suff] f et*+4 #aa 7p4 #bi47 ,= directions = mak+ ?is gr\nd see ,note #c4 #ab 7p4 #ch47 ,to make ! v>ni%1 or r et*+-pa/e1 recomm5d$ 9 ! text1 a w>m-wat] ba? is n absolutely necess>y4 ,take any small porcela9 or e>!nw>e vessel 7a small gallipot is v conv5i5t1 because ! et*+-pa/e c be kept 9 x = use71 & set x ^u a metal frame1 easily made ( wire1 s t y c introduce a _s lamp "u x4 ,break up a ball1 or "p ( a ball1 ( ord9>y et*+-gr\nd1 & ?r[ x into ! pot4 ,heat ! pot c>efully1 s z j to all[ ! gr\nd to melt4 ,:5 x has melt$1 add oil ( lav5d] 7wor? ?irty-five c5ts an ounce at ! druggi/'s71 drop by drop1 & keep /irr+ ! mixture ) a clean glass rod4 ,f "t to "t all[ a drop ( ! mixture to fall on a cold glass or metal plate4 ,if1 on cool+1 x assumes ! consi/5cy ( pomatum1 ! pa/e is f9i%$4 ,z ,i h said be=e1 ?is pa/e _c be us$ ) ! ,india-rubb] roll]s recomm5d$ 9 ,note #e4 ,) ^! roll]s ! regr\nd+ mu/ be done ) ! ord9>y et*+-gr\nd ) ! aid ( heat4 ,w>m y\r plate s t y c j be> to t\* x ) ! h&1 & all[ "s ( ! gr\nd to melt on a second1 unus$ copp] plate4 ,also w>m ! roll] slightly4 ,!n proce$ z ,m4 ,lalanne directs 9 8 fifty-sev5? p>agraph4 ,! slight *anges 9 ! proce$+1 :i* gr[ out ( ! diff]5ces betwe5 cold & w>m gr\nd1 are self-evid5t4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to say t ! roll] c also be us$ = lay+ ! fir/ gr\nd4 ,b x is ( no use on any b p]fectly smoo?1 /raight plates1 z x _c p5etrate into holl[s4 ,:5 x is n available ! dabb] mu/ be employ$ 9 ! old mann]4 #ac 7p4 #ci47 ,"s engrav]s pref] ! dabb] to ! roll] ev5 = regr\nd+ entire plates4 ,9 t case ! gr\nd is spread on ! m>g9 ( ! plate1 if t be wide en\gh1 or on a sep>ate plate1 & is tak5 up by ! dabb]4 ,! plate to be regr\nd$ mu/ ( c\rse be w>m$ z = lay+ a gr\nd ) ! roll]1 & c>e mu/ be tak5 n to h ! dabb] ov]*>g$ ) gr\nd4 #ad 7p4 #dj47 ,9 default ( ! *>coal-pa/e1 rubb+ ) ! f9e/ em]y-pap] w d to remove ! poli%4 #ae 7p4 #dj47 ,i _c direct ! read] to a copp]-plan]1 & !re=e x w be be/ to give "s directions = remov+ faulty passages4 ,! foll[+ p>agraphs are copi$ bodily f ,mr4 ,ham]ton3-- ,! mo/ rapid way is to use s&pap]s ( diff]5t degrees ( co>s5ess1 ! co>se/ fir/1 & !n ! scrap]1 &1 f9ally1 will[ *>coal ) olive oil4 ,! *>coal w leave ! surface 9 a fit /ate to et* ^u4 ,?is scrap+ & rubb+ holl[s out ! surface ( ! copp]1 & if x holl[s x too mu* ! pr9t+ w n be q satisfactory 9 t "p ( ! plate4 ,9 t case y h no?+ to d b m>k ! spot on ! back ( ! plate ) a pair ( calip]s1 !n lay ! plate on its face ^u a block ( poli%$ /eel1 & give x two or ?ree bl[s ) a hamm] 7m9d t ! hamm] is r\nd$ s z n to ind5t ! copp]74 #af 7p4 #dh47 ,! process "h allud$ to is ! "o us$ by ,mr4 ,had54 ,! mordant is ! s-call$ ,dut* mordant1 & ! mann] ( mak+ x is ?us describ$ by ,mr4 ,ham]ton3-- ,fir/ heat ! wat] by putt+ ! bottle conta9+ x into a pan also conta9+ wat]1 & keep x on ! fire till t 9 ! pan boils4 ,n[ add ! *lorate ( pota%1 & see t e cry/al ( x is dissolv$4 ,%ake ! bottle to help ! solution4 ,:5 no m cry/als are to be se51 y may add ! hydro*loric acid4 ,make a good quantity ( ?is mordant at once1 s z always to h a pl5tiful supply by y4 ,= a full acc\nt ( ! ,had5 process see ,mr4 ,ham]ton's ,et*]'s ,h&book1 or ! second edition ( 8 ,et*+ & ,et*]s4 ,?is ,dut* mordant is pref]r$ to nitric acid by _m et*]s1--ev5 :5 work+1 n 9 ! ba?1 b 9 ! ord9>y way1 z taught by ,m4 ,lalanne1--because x bites d[n into ! copp]1 & h>dly wid5s ! l9es4 ,f my exp]i5ce1 writes ,mr4 ,jas4 ,d4 ,smillie1 9 a lett] n[ be=e me1 ,i unhesitat+ly pref] ! ,dut* mordant = copp]2 x bites a v f9e black l9e1 x is n s sev]e a trial to ! gr\nd1 & x does n ne$ con/ant wat*+4 ,mr4 ,smillie1 h[ev]1 uses ! mordant mu* /rong] ?an ,mr4 ,had54 ,he has1 9 fact1 inv5t$ a process ( 8 own1 :i*1 9 a lett] to me1 he describes z foll[s3-- ,i draw & bite z ,i progress2 t is1 ,i draw 9 ! d>ke/ p>ts fir/1 give !m a good nip ) ! mordant1 wa% ! plate & dry x1 & !n draw ! next /age4 ,i c ?us1 by draw+ l9es ov] a "p t has already be5 expos$ to ! mordant1 int]lace heavy & light l9es 9 a way t ,i c\ld n by any o!r process4 ,i et* ^u an unsmok$ gr\nd1 & z ! ,dut* mordant bites a black l9e1 ,i see my et*+ cle>ly z x advances1 ,by hold+ ! head well ov] ! plate1 ! l9es c be v di/9ctly se5 z !y are drawn4 ,aft] a little exp]im5t+1 ! et*] w f9d ! angle at :i* he c see 8 unbitt5 "w ^u an unsmok$ gr\nd )\t tr\ble4 ,mr4 ,ham]ton's =mula seem$ to me too weak1 s ,i am exp]im5t+ ) ,muriatic acid1 #a ounce4 ,*lorate ( pota%1 #a-e ,wat]1 #e ounces4 ,?is is ! mordant ,i am n[ us+1 & ,i h f\nd x to "w well4 ,/ill1 z ,i am n a sci5tific *emi/1 & my k is entirely empiric1 ,i am prep>$ to believe any *emi/ :o may tell me t ,i might d z well1 or bett]1 ) m wat]4 ,g5]ally ,i d n get all ! color ,i wi% by ! fir/ process1 z ,i c see )\t remov+ ! gr\nd2 s1 :5 my et*+ is f9i%$1 ,i rev]se ! eng9e & beg9 /opp+ out & bit+ ^u ! orig9al gr\nd1 z x is ord9>ily done4 ,i d n use ! black asphaltum v>ni% = /opp+ out1 b a transp>5t v>ni% t is simply :ite res9 dissolv$ 9 alcohol4 ,if appli$ v c>efully1 & all[$ "t to dry1 x is p]fectly cle> & transp>5t1 & ! relations ( all p>ts ( ! plate c be se51--! /opp$ out z well z ! bitt5 l9es1--b to a c>eless work] x pres5ts _m tr\bles4 ,x is s transp>5t t x is h>d to see :at is /opp$ out & :at is n1 & if wa%$ ) v w>m wat]1 or be=e x is ?or\ghly dry1 x turns cl\dy & semi-opaque4 ,i h no tr\ble ) x1 & c\ld n get along )\t x4 ,i make x myself1--h no =mula1--add+ alcohol until x is ?9 en\gh to fl[ readily f ! bru%4 ,x has a great advantage ov] asphaltum v>ni%1 z x does n fl[ along a l9e4 ,x is viscid en\gh to rema9 j :]e x is put1 & is z p]fect a protection z any asphaltum v>ni%4 ,mr4 ,smillie heats 8 ba? on ! plate-w>m]1 b n to exce$ #hj deg41 or at mo/ #ij deg4 ,su* a ba? ( hot mordant acts mu* m quickly ?an a cold acid ba?1 less ?an two m9utes be+ suffici5t = ! lighte/ l9es4 #ag 7p4 #ej47 ,grav]s are ( diff]5t %apes1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! l9e :i* !y are int5d$ to produce4 ,!y are sometimes kept at ! h>dw>e-/ores1 z1 = in/ance1 by ,a4 ,j4 ,wilk9son ,co41 #ahd ,wa%+ton ,/41 ,bo/on4 ,?is h\se also issues an illu/rat$ catalogue ( engrav]s' tools4 #ah 7p4 #eb47 ,m4 ,lalanne1 x seems to me1 does n d full ju/ice to z9c plates4 ,v delicate l9es c be bitt5 on z9c if ! acid is suffici5tly weak5$4 ,i h f\nd t "o "p ( nitric acid to eight p>ts ( wat]1 us$ on z9c1 is ab\t equal to "o-half acid & "o-half wat]1 us$ on copp] = ab\t ! same l5g? ( "t4 ,z9c plates c also be b\ght ( ,mr4 ,geo4 ,b4 ,%>p1 #de ,gold ,/41 ,new ,york4 ,z to ! l5g? ( edition t c be pr9t$ f a z9c plate1 see ,note #bg4 #ai 7p4 #eb47 ,?is is n /rictly correct4 ,! mani]e de crayon1 z practis$ by ,dem>teau & o!rs1 diff]s mat]ially f s(t-gr\nd et*+4 ,a gr\nd 0 laid & smok$ z usual1 & on x ! draw+ 0 produc$1 by a v>iety ( in/rum5ts1 su* z po9ts1 "s ( !m multiple1 ! r\lette1 ! mattoir1 etc4 #bj 7p4 #ee47 ,!re is ano!r me?od ( gett+ :at may be call$ a pro(1 i4 e4 by tak+ a ca/ 9 pla/]4 ,ink y\r plate & wipe x clean1 z describ$ 9 ,note #bb1 & !n p\r ov] x pla/]-(-,p>is mix$ ) wat]4 ,:5 ! pla/] has h>d5$ x c easily be sep>at$ f ! plate1 & ! ink 9 ! l9es w adh]e to x4 ,to make su* a ca/ y mu/ manage a rim ar\nd y\r plate1 or y may lay x into a pap] box1 face upw>d4 ,mix ab\t half a tumbl] full ( wat] 7or m1 accord+ to ! size ( ! plate7 ) d\ble ! quantity ( pla/]1 add+ ! pla/]1 little by little1 & /irr+ cont9ually4 ,:5 ! mixture beg9s to ?ick5 p\r x on ! plate1 & if necess>y spread x ov] ! :ole ( ! surface by means ( a piece ( wood or any?+ else t w answ]4 ,!n all[ x to h>d54 #ba 7p4 #ee47 ,! *af+-di% & ! ball 7or dabb]7 are n[ replac$ by ! gas flame & ! ink+-roll] 9 mo/ pr9t+ e/abli%m5ts4 ,b if y desire to d y\r own prov+1 y w h to use a dabb]1 ! mann] ( mak+ :i* is describ$ 9 ! next note4 #bb 7p4 #ei47 ,if !re is no plate-pr9t] ne> y1 b y h access to a li?ographic pr9t+ e/abli%m5t1 y c h y\r pro(s tak5 !re4 ,li?ographic presses1 says ,a4 ,potemont1 give p]fectly good & satisfactory pro(s ( et*+s4 ,n e pr9t] c pr9t an et*+ z x ought to be pr9t$4 ,a man may be an excell5t pr9t] ( l9e engrav+s & mezzot9ts1 & yet may be totally unfit to pr9t an et*+4 ,i w\ld recomm5d ! foll[+ pr9t+ e/abli%m5ts3-- ,new ,york3 ,kimmel ,voigt1 #bdb ,canal ,/reet4 ,bo/on3 ,j4 ,h4 ,daniels1 #bbc ,wa%+ton ,/reet4 ,if y desire to e/abli% an amateur pr9t+-(fice ( y\r own y w ne$1 9 addition to ! tools & mat]ials already 9 y\r possession3-- ,a press1 ,a plate-w>m]1 ,an ink-slab1 ,a mull]1 ,a dabb] or ball1 ,rags = wip+1 ,pr9t+-ink1 ,pap]4 ,! press4 ,! presses us$ by pr(essional plate-pr9t]s w be ?\ght too l>ge & too co/ly by mo/ et*]s4 ,!re is a small press sold by ,madame ,ve4 ,a4 ,cad>t1 #ef ,b\lev>d ,haussmann1 ,p>is1 ( :i* a repres5tation is giv5 on ! next page4 ,?is press1 accompani$ by all ! necess>y accessories1--rags1 ink1 pap]1 plate-w>m]1 dabb]1 etc41--sells 9 ,p>is at ! price ( #aej francs 7ab\t #cj74 ,!re is an extra *>ge = box+2 & freight1 duties1 etc41 mu/ also be paid =1 extra1 on presses import$ to ?is c\ntry4 ,! publi%]s ( ?is book are ready to take ord]s = ^! presses1 b ,i _c in=m ! read] :at ! *>ges w am\nt to1 z no importations h yet be5 made by ,messrs4 ,e/es ,lauriat4 ,!re is also a small press inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,ham]ton & made 9 ,london by ,mr4 ,*>les ,rob]son1 #ii ,long ,acre1 :i* sells on ! o!r side1 = ! press only1 at two gu9eas = ! smalle/1 & f\r gu9eas = a l>g] size4 ,^! presses are small] ?an ! ,cad>t presses1 &1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,ham]ton1 are v portable affairs1 :i* an et*] might put 9 8 box :5 travell+1 & use any:]e1 9 an inn1 9 a fri5d's h\se1 or ev5 out ( doors :5 et*+ f nature4 ,a small press has also q lately be5 introduc$ by ,messrs4 ,jan5tzky ,co41 ( ,philadelphia1 :i* co/s only #af4ej 7)\t accessories71 & is well recomm5d$ by ^? :o h us$ x4 ,illu/ration ,! press is n complete )\t ! flannels spok5 ( 9 ! text 7p4 #ef1 ,sec4 #hg74 ,!re is a k9d ( v ?ick flannel specially made = pr9t]s' use4 ,b if ?is _c be _h 7( "s plate-pr9t]7 any good flannel ) a piece ( ?ick s(t clo? ov] x w d well en\gh4 ,9 adju/+ ! press c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! pressure is nei!r too great nor too small4 ,?is is a matt] ( exp]i5ce4 ,! plate-w>m] is a box made ( /rong %eet-iron1 into :i* ei!r a gas-jet or a small k]os5e lamp c be introduc$4 ,if y happ5 to h a gas-/ove1 & c get an iron plate ( "s k9d to lay across ! top1 y w h an excell5t plate-w>m]4 ,! ink-slab4 ,any smoo? slab ( m>ble1 slate1 or li?ographic /one1 ab\t a foot squ>e1 w d4 ,a mull]4 ,?is is a pe/le ( /one1 flat at ! bottom1 us$ = gr9d+ colors or ink4 ,a dabb] or ball4 ,take /rips ( ?ick clo? or flannel1 ab\t f\r or five in*es wide2 roll !m toge!r z tightly z possible1 until y h a cyl9d] ( two or ?ree in*es 9 diamet]2 b9d firmly by /rong tw9e w\nd all ar\nd ! cyl9d]2 !n cut "o end ) a l>ge %>p knife1 s z to get a smoo? surface4 ,aft] ! dabb] has be5 us$ = "s "t1 & ! ink has h>d5$ 9 x1 cut (f ano!r slice s z to get a fre% surface4 ,rags = wip+4 ,f9e ,swiss musl9 & ! fabric kn[n z *eese clo? make good rags = wip+4 ,!y c be b\ght at ! dry-goods /ores4 ,z !y are *>g$ ) "s mat]ial to make !m /iff & increase ! weight1 !y mu/ be wa%$ be=e !y are us$4 ,:5 !y h become too mu* *>g$ ) ink !y may be boil$ out 9 a solution ( pota% or soda 9 wat]4 ,! ,swiss musl9 co/s ab\t twelve c5ts a y>d1 ! *eese clo? ab\t five4 ,i _h a lot ( rags specially s5t to me f ,p>is1 z ,i wi%$ to see ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! s(t & ! /iff musl94 ,! p>cel conta9$ a collection ( pieces ( a sort ( ,swiss musl91 evid5tly old curta9s1 & "s pieces ( old cotton %irt+1 "s ( :i* _h done duty at ! ,hotel des ,invalides1 /ill be>+ its /amp6 ,pr9t+-ink & pap]4 7,see ,notes #bc & #bd47 ,to ink ! plate1 place x on ! plate-w>m] & all[ x to become z hot z y\r h& c be>4 ,!n take up ! ink f ! ink-slab ) ! dabb] & spread x all ov] ! surface1 mov+ ! dabb] along ) a rock+ motion1 b n /rik+ ! plate ) x4 ,take c>e t ! l9es are well fill$4 ,sometimes1 9 ! fir/ ink+ ( ! plate1 x is necess>y to use ! f+] to =ce ! ink into ! l9es4 ,9 wip+ ! plate ! fir/ op]ation is to remove all ! sup]flu\s ink f ! surface by means ( a rag4 ,:at foll[s dep5ds on ! k9d ( impression y desire to get4 ,if y want a natural1 clean1 or dry pro(1 z ^! impressions are v>i\sly call$ 7i4 e4 an impression :i* %[s only black l9es on a p]fectly cle> :ite gr\nd71 *>ge ! palm ( y\r h& ) a v little :it+ or ,spani% :ite1 & ) x f9i% ! wip+ ( ! plate4 ,?is op]ation w leave ! surface ( ! plate p]fectly clean & bright1 :ile ! ink rema9s 9 ! l9es4 ,if y desire to h an ev5 t9t left all ov] ! plate1 avoid ! use ( ! h&1 & wipe ) ! rag only4 ,plate-pr9t]s use _! rags moi/1 b = pr9t+ et*+s a dry rag is pref]able1 z x leaves m ( a t9t on ! plate4 ,note1 also1 t ! rag mu/ be tol]ably well *>g$ ) ink to enable y to wipe a good t9t ) x4 ,! m>g9 ( ! plate1 ev5 if a t9t is left ov] x1 mu/ always be wip$ clean4 ,?is is be/ accompli%$ by a bit ( cotton clo? *>g$ ) :it+4 ,= ! re/1 no?+ is left b to exp]im5t accord+ to ! h9ts giv5 9 ! text by ,m4 ,lalanne4 #bc 7p4 #ei47 ,if y c1 buy y\r ink ( a plate-pr9t] or ( a li?ograph]4 ,t us$ by book-pr9t]s w n d6 ,! tr\ble is t ! ink us$ by ord9>y plate-pr9t]s is ( a disagreeably cold ca/1 z x is mix$ ) blue4 ,et*+s ought to be pr9t$ ) a w>m black1 & sometimes1 especially 9 ! case ( some:at ov]-bitt5 plates1 ) an ink ( a decid$ly br[ni% hue4 ,inks are made ( l9se$-oil v>ni% 7i4 e4 l9se$ oil t has be5 boil$ d[n or burn$71 & ! blacks m5tion$ 9 ! text4 ,!re are v>i\s qualities ( v>ni% accord+ to its consi/5cy1 v>y+ f ?9 ?r\gh m$ium to /iff4 ,if y wi% to mix y\r own ink1 y mu/ try to procure ! mat]ials ( "s plate-pr9t] or li?ograph]4 ,= v>ni% use ! m$ium1 = black ! ,franc=t4 ,! burnt ,si5na 7:i* y c buy at any pa9t-%op7 is us$ only to w>m up ! black4 ,lay "s ( ! dry color on y\r ink-slab1 add a v little ( ! v>ni%1 & mix ) ! mull]4 ,!n add m v>ni% until ! ink =ms a tol]ably /iff pa/e4 ,! gr9d+ mu/ be c>efully done1 s z to avoid gritt9ess4 ,besides1 if ! color is n ?or\ghly well incorporat$ ) ! v>ni%1 ! ink w n /&4 ,to pres]ve ! ink = future use1 put x into "s vessel ) a cov]1 & p\r wat] ov] x4 ,! wat] /&+ on top ( ! ink keeps x s(t4 ,o!rwise ! v>ni% w\ld h>d54 #bd 7p4 #fj47 ,! heavy ,dut* h&-made pap]s are /ill pref]r$ by mo/ p = et*+s2 b x is v difficult1 if n impossible1 to procure !m 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! pap] kn[n z ,lalanne *>coal pap]1 :i* is likewise a h&-made pap]1 c be b\ght at ! arti/'s mat]ial /ores4 ,good draw+-pap] w also answ]4 ,! wor/1 because mo/ in>ti/ic1 ( all1 is ! pla9 :ite plate pap]4 ,! pap] us$ = ! et*+s 9 ! ,,am]ican ,,art ,,review1 fir/ made especially = ?is j\rnal accord+ to my sugge/ions1 has excell5t pr9t+ qualities1 al?\gh1 be+ a ma*9e-made1 unglu$ pap]1 x lacks "s ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,dut* h&-made pap]4 ,b its texture is v good1 & x takes up ! ink ev5 bett] ?an ! ,dut* pap]s4 ,japanese pap] c be procur$ ( ! firms nam$ on page xiii4 ,dry pap] w n take a dec5t impression1 & ! %eets to be us$ = pr9t+ mu/ !re=e be moi/5$4 ,to prep>e ! ord9>y pap]1 take ?ree or f\r %eets at a "t1 & pass !m sl[ly ?r\gh clean wat] conta9$ 9 a pail or o!r vessel4 ,wet z _m %eets z y may ne$1 lay !m on top ( "o ano!r1 place ! pile betwe5 two bo>ds1 & all[ !m to lie ?us "u tol]ably heavy pressure = at lea/ twelve1 or1 bett] /ill1 = tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,! pap] w !n be ready = use4 ,to prep>e ,japanese pap]1 lay ea* %eet betwe5 two wet %eets ( ord9>y pap]1 & let x lie z be=e4 #be 7p4 #fj47 ,epreuves de rem>que4 ,! rem>que usually consi/s 9 leav+ unf9i%$ "s little detail 9 an out-(-!-way corn] ( ! plate4 ,aft] ! epreuves de rem>que h be5 pr9t$1 ?is detail is f9i%$4 ,a p]son :o _c tell a good impression f a bad "o1 or does n "k :e!r a plate is spoil$ or /ill 9 good condition1 )\t "s su* extrane\s sign1 has slight claim to be consid]$ a connoisseur4 #bf 7p4 #fb47 ,new ,york is1 = ! pres5t1 ,i believe1 ! only place :]e /eel-fac+ is done 9 ,am]ica4 ,i c recomm5d ,mr4 ,f4 ,a4 ,r+l]1 #ba & #bc ,b>clay ,/reet1 ,new ,york4 #bg 7p4 #fb47 ,z9c plates c be /eel-fac$1 b ! fac+ _c be r5ew$1 z x _c be remov$4 ,! z9c plate on :i* ,mr4 ,lansil's little et*+1 giv5 9 ?is volume1 is execut$1 0 /eel-fac$4 ,x is feasible also1 ! electrotyp]s tell me1 to deposit a ?9 coat+ ( copp] on ! z9c fir/1 & !n to sup]impose a coat+ ( /eel4 ,9 t case ! /eel-fac+ c be r5ew$ z long z ! copp]-fac+ "u x rema9s intact4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,works ,,on ,,! ,,practice ,,& ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,et*+4,e ,e ,?is li/ is v f> f be+ complete1 especially 9 ! la/ section1 ,individual ,arti/s4 ,i h made a few additions1 :i* h be5 m>k$ by an a/]isk4 ,^? :o desire to pursue ! subject w f9d a v full bibliographical li/ 9 ,j4 ,e4 ,,wessely',s ,anleitung zur ,k5ntniss und zum ,sammeln d] ,w]ke des ,kun/druckes1 ,leipzig1 ,weigel1 #ahgf1 p4 #bgi et seq4--,translator4 ,a4 ,,te*nical ,,treatises4 ,de la gravure en taille-d\ce1 a l'eau-=te et au bur91 ensemble la mani]e d'en imprim] les plan*es et d'en con/ruire la presse1 p> ,,abraham ,,bosse4 ,p>is1 #afde4 ,traite des mani]es de grav] en taille-d\ce sur l'aira9 p> le moy5 des eaux-=tes et des v]nis durs et mols1 p> le s4 ,,abraham ,,bosse1 augm5te de la n\velle mani]e dont se s]t ,m4 ,,lecl]c1 graveur du roi4 ,p>is1 #agja4 99 ,de la mani]e de grav] a l'eau-=te et au bur91 et de la gravure en mani]e noir 444 p> ,,abraham ,,bosse4 ,n\velle edition4444 ,p>is1 #ageh4 ,small #hvo4 ,ill4 99 ,die ,kun/ 9 ,kupf] zu /e*5 s[ohl mittel/ des ,aetzwass]s als mit dem ,grab/i*el 444 dur* ,,abraham ,,bosse4444 ,aus dem ,franzoesis*5 ins ,deuts*e ueb]setzt4 ,dresd51 #agfe4 ,small #hvo4 ,ill4 ,! ,art ( ,grave+ & ,et*+1 :]e9 is expre/ ! true ,way ( ,grave+ 9 ,copp]2 allso ! ,mann] & ,me?od ( t fam\s ,callot1 & ,m4 ,bosse1 9 _! sev]al ,ways ( ,et*+4 ,publi%$ by ,,william ,,fai?orne4 ,london1 #affb4 #hvo4 ,ill4 ,idee de la gravure1 p> ,m4 ,,de ,m 99 99 994 ,)\t place or date4 #abmo4 7,?is essay appe>$ orig9ally 9 ! ,m]cure = ,april1 #agef1 & 0 aft]w>ds pr9t$ sep>ately4 ,see1 also1 9 ! ,m]cure = #agee1 a notice1 ann\nc+ ! publication ( a pr9t by de ,m>c5ay de ,ghuy aft] ! eld] ,p>rocel4 ,?is notice 0 also pr9t$ sep>ately47 ,idee de la gravure 444 p> ,m4 ,,de ,,m>c5ay ,,de ,,ghuy4 ,p>is1 #agfd4 ,9-#d de #af et #aj pag4 7,?is is a second edition ( ! "w la/ m5tion$47 99 ,anleitung zur ,aetzkun/ 444 na* eig55 praktis*5 ,erfahrung5 h]ausgegeb5 von ,,johann ,,he9ri* ,,meyni]4 ,h(1 #ahjd4 #hvo4 ,ill4 ,lectures on ! ,art ( ,engrav+1 deliv]$ at ! ,royal ,in/itute ( ,great ,brita91 by ,,john ,,l&se]1 ,engrav] to ! ,k+4 ,london1 #ahjg4 #hvo4 ,?ree ,lectures on ,engrav+1 deliv]$ at ! ,surrey ,in/itution 9 ! ,ye> #ahji1 by ,,rob]t ,,mit*ell ,,mead[s4 ,london1 #ahaa4 #hvo4 ,manuel du graveur1 ou ,traite complet de la gravure en t\s g5res1 d'apres les r5seignem5ts f\rnis p> plusieurs arti/es4 ,p> ,a4 ,m4 ,,p]rot4 ,p>is1 #ahcj4 ,9-#ah4 ,des mordants1 des v]nis et des plan*es dans l'art du graveur1 ou ,traite complet de la gravure4 ,p> ,,pi]re ,,deles*amps4 ,p>is1 #ahcf4 ,9-#h4 99 ,voll/a5diges ,h&bu* d] ,gravirkun/1 en?alt5d gru5dli*e ,belehrung5 ueb] die ,aetzwaess]1 die ,aetzgru5de1 die ,platt5 und die ,gravir-mas*954444 ,von ,,pet4 ,,deles*amps4 ,deuts*1 mit ,zusaetz51 von ,dr4 ,,*r4 ,h4 ,,s*midt4 ,qu$l9burg und ,leipzig1 ,basse1 #ahch4 ,ill4 ,! ,art ( ,engrav+1 ) ! v>i\s ,modes ( ,op]ation4444 ,by ,t4 ,h4 ,,field+4 ,london1 #ahdd4 #hvo4 ,ill4 ,lettre de ,m>tial sur les elem5ts de la gravure a l'eau-=te4 ,p>is1 #ahfd4 7,et*$ on #d fol4 plates1 illu/rat$47 ,n\veau traite de la gravure a l'eau-=te a l'usage des pe9tres et des dess9ateurs1 p> ,a4 ,p4 ,,m>tial4 ,p>is1 ,a4 ,cad>t4 #ahgc4 ,ill4 99 ,! ,et*]'s ,h&book3 giv+ an ,acc\nt ( ! ,old ,processes1 & ( ,processes rec5tly discov]$4 ,by ,,philip ,,gilb]t ,,ham]ton4 ,london1 ,rob]son1 #ahga4 ,ill4 7,see also ,mr4 ,ham]ton's ,et*+ & ,et*]s1 #b;d edition47 99 ,mr4 ,seym\r ,had5 on ,et*+4 ,lectures deliv]$ at ! ,royal ,in/itution1 reports ( :i* 7 publi%$ 9 ,! ,magaz9e ( ,art1 #ahgi1 & 9 ! ,london ,build+ ,news1 #ahgi4 99 ,! ,et*]'s ,guide4 ,by ,,?omas ,,bi%op4 ,philadelphia1 ,jan5tzky1 #ahgi4 ,ill4 ,grammaire des ,arts du ,dess91 p> ,,*>les ,,blanc4 ,9 ?is "w 7( :i* !re is also an ,engli% translation71 !re is a special *apt] on ,et*+4 ,*>les ,jacque4 ,articles by him on ,et*+ 9 ! ,magas9 pittoresque4 ,gravure4--,article extrait de l',encyclop$ie des arts et meti]s4 ,9-fol1 de #i pag41 fig4 ,b4 ,,hi/orical ,,& ,,!oretical4 99 ,anleitung zur ,kupf]/i*kunde4 ,,von ,,adam ,,von ,,b>ts*4 ,wi51 #ahba4 #b vols4 #hvo4 ,plates4 ,des types et des mani]es des maitres graveurs1 p\r s]vir a l'hi/oire de la gravure en ,italie1 en ,allemagne1 dans les ,pays-,bas et en ,france1 p> ,,jules ,,r5\vi]4 ,montpelli]1 #ahec-ahef4 #d p>ties 9-#d4 ,la gravure depuis son orig9e1 p> ,,h5ri ,,delaborde4 #ahfj4 7,^! articles appe>$ 9 ! ,revue des ,deux ,mondes = ,dec4 #a & #ae1 #ahej1 & ,jan4 #a1 #ahea47 ,hi/oire de la gravure en ,france1 p> ,,georges ,,duplessis4 ,p>is1 #ahfa4 ,9-#h4 7,?is "w 0 cr[n$ by ! ,fr5* ,in/itute ,academie des beaux-arts47 ,et*+ & ,et*]s4 ,by ,,philip ,,gilb]t ,,ham]ton4 ,london1 ,macmillan1 #ahfh4 #dto4 ,ill4 99 ,et*+ & ,et*]s4 ,by ,,philip ,,gilb]t ,,ham]ton4 7,second edition47 #ahgf4 ,london1 ,macmillan4 ,bo/on1 ,rob]ts ,bros4 99 ,! ,orig9 & ,antiquity ( ,engrav+4444 ,by ,w4 ,s4 ,,bak]4 ,bo/on1 ,osgood1 #ahge4 #dto4 7,second edition4 ,ill47 ,la ,gravure a l'eau-=te1 essai hi/orique p> ,,ra\l ,,de ,,sa9t-,,arroman4--,comm5t je dev9s graveur a l'eau-=te1 p> le comte ,,lepic4 ,p>is1 ,cad>t1 #ahgf4 99 ,anleitung zur ,k5ntniss und zum ,sammeln d] ,w]ke des ,kun/druckes1 von ,j4 ,e4 ,,wessely4 ,leipzig1 ,weigel1 #ahgf4 #hvo4 99 ,ab\t ,et*+4 ,"p ,i4 ,notes by ,mr4 ,,seym\r ,,had5 on a ,collection ( ,et*+s by ! ,great ,ma/]s4444 ,"p ,,ii4 ,an ,annotat$ ,catalogue ( ! ,et*+s exhibit$4 #adh ,new ,bond ,/reet 7,london71 #ahgi4 7,second edition1 :i* has "s additions47 99 ,ab\t ,et*+4 ,by ,,seym\r ,,had54 ,illu/rat$ ) an orig9al et*+ by ,mr4 ,had51 & f\rte5 facsimiles f 8 collection4 ,imp]ial #dto4 ,london1 ,! ,f9e ,art ,society1 #ahgi4 ,c4 ,,catalogues ,,( ,,! ,,works ,,( ,,! ,,arti/s4 7a47 ,,diction>ies4 ,le pe9tre-graveur1 p> ,,adam ,,b>ts*4 ,vi5ne1 #ahjc-ahba4 #ba vol4 9-#h et un atlas 9-#d4 99 ,le pe9tre-graveur4 ,p> ,j4 ,d4 ,,passavant4 ,leipzig1 #ahfj4 #f vols4 #hvo4 7,cont9uation ( ,b>ts*'s "w47 ,le pe9tre-graveur francais1 444 p> ,,rob]t ,,dumesnil4 ,p>is1 #ahce-ahgd4 #aa vol4 9-#h4 ,le pe9tre-graveur francais cont9ue1 p> ,,prosp] ,,de ,,beaudic\r4 ,p>is1 #ahei4 #b vol4 9-#h4 99 ,le pe9tre-graveur holl&ais et flam&4 ,p> ,j4 ,p4 ,,van ,,d] ,,kell54 ,utre*t1 #ahff4 #dto4 7,cont9uation ( ,b>ts*'s "w47 99 ,le pe9tre-graveur holl&ais et belge du ,,xixe siecle4 ,p> ,t4 ,,hipp]t et ,,jos4 ,,l9nig4 ,bruxelles1 #ahgd 7fir/ vol47 et seq4 #hvo4 99 ,d] deuts*e ,pe9tre-graveur4 ,von ,a4 ,,&res54 ,leipzig1 #ahfd1 et seq4 #e vols4 #hvo4 99 ,die ,mal]radir] des #ai4 ,jahrhund]ts4 ,von ,a4 ,,&res54 ,leipzig1 #ahff-ahgj4 #d vols4 #hvo4 99 ,die ,mal]radir] des #ai4 ,jahrhund]ts4 ,von ,j4 ,e4 ,,wessely4 ,leipzig1 #ahgd4 #hvo4 7,cont9uation ( ,&res5's "w47 7b47 ,,individual ,,arti/s4 ,b]$5e]de catalogus van alle de pr5t5 van ,,nicolaas ,,b]ghem 444 bes*rev5 door ,,h5drick ,,de ,,w9t]4 ,am/]dam1 #agfg4 ,catalogue de l'oeuvre d',abraham ,bosse1 p> ,,georges ,,duplessis4 ,p>is1 #ahei4 ,9-#h4 7,f ! ,revue ,univ]selle des ,arts47 ,eloge hi/orique de ,callot1 p> le ,p4 ,,husson4 ,bruxelles1 #agff4 ,9-#d4 ,a ,catalogue & ,description ( ! :ole ( ! ,works ( ! celebrat$ ,,jacques ,,callot 444 by ,j4 ,h4 ,,gre5 7attribut$ to ,,clauss974 #ahjd4 #abmo4 ,eloge hi/orique de ,callot1 p> ,m4 ,,desm>etz4 ,nancy1 #ahbh4 ,9-#h4 ,re*]*es sur la vie et les ouvrages de ,j4 ,,callot1 p> ,e4 ,,meaume4 ,p>is1 #ahfj4 #b vol4 9-#h4 ,o,euvre de ,claude ,gelee1 dit le ,lorra91 p> le comte ,,guillaume ,,de ,l4 7,,leppel74 ,dresde1 #ahjf4 ,9-#h1 fig4 7,= ! engrav$ works ( ,claude ,lorra91 see also ! ,pe9tre-graveur ( ,m4 ,rob]t ,dumesnil1 vol4 i41 & ! ,cab9et de l',amateur et de l',antiquaire1 by ,eug5e ,piot1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #dcc-dff47 ,eloge hi/orique de ,claude ,gelee1 dit le ,lorra91 p> ,j4 ,p4 ,,voi>t4 ,nancy1 #ahci4 ,9-#h4 ,a ,description ( ! ,works ( ! +5i\s ,del9eator & ,engrav]1 ,,w5ceslaus ,,holl>1 dispos$ into ,classes ( diff]5t ,sorts2 ) "s ,acc\nt ( 8 ,life4 ,by ,g4 ,,v]tue4 ,london1 #agde4 #dto1 ,portr4 ,de la gravure a l'eau-=te et des eaux-=tes de ,*>les ,jacque4 ,by ,,*>les ,,blanc4 ,9 ! ,gazette des ,beaux ,arts1 vol4 ix4 p4 #aic et seq4 ,les ,johannot1 p> ,m4 ,,*4 ,,l5ormant4 ,p>is 7#aheh74 ,9-#h4 7,f ,mi*aud's ,biographie univ]selle47 99 ,essay on ,m]yon1 & a ,catalogue ( 8 ,works1 by ,,fr$]ic ,,w$more4 ,london1 ,?ibaudeau1 #ahgi4 7,ann\nc$ z ab\t to be publi%$47 ,see also ,m]yon & ,m]yon's ,p>is1 by ,f4 ,,w$more1 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 = ,may1 #ahgh4 99 ,p4 ,burty's ,catalogue ( ! ,et*+s ( ,m]yon1 revis$ f ! ,catalogue 9 ! ,gazette des ,beaux ,arts1 & translat$ by ,mr4 ,m4 ,b4 ,,hui%1 is ann\nc$ to be publi%$ by ! ,london ,f9e-,art ,society4 ,me4 ,o',connell1 ,meissoni]1 ,millet1 ,m]yon1 ,seym\r ,had54 ,articles on ^! et*]s by ,,philippe ,,burty 9 ! ,gazette des ,beaux ,arts4 ,catalogue raisonne des e/ampes gravees a l'eau-=te p> ,,guido ,,r5i1 p> ,,adam ,,b>ts*4 ,vi5ne1 #agie4 ,9-#h4 ,catalogue raisonne de t\tes les e/ampes qui =m5t l'oeuvre de ,rembr&t1 444 p> ,,adam ,,b>ts*4 ,vi5ne1 #agig4 #b vol4 9-#h4 ,a ,descriptive ,catalogue ( ! ,pr9ts ( ,rembr&t1 by an ,amateur 7,,wilson74 ,london1 #ahcf4 ,9-#h4 ,rembr&t & 8 ,works1 444 by ,,john ,,burnet4 ,london1 #ahei4 #dto4 ,ill4 ,rembr&t4 ,disc\rs sur sa vie et son g5ie1 avec un gr& nombre de docum5ts hi/oriques1 p> le ,dr4 ,p4 ,,s*eltema1 traduit p> ,a4 ,,willems4 ,revu et annote p> ,w4 ,,burg]4 ,bruxelles1 #ahei4 ,9-#h4 7,f ! ,revue univ]selle des ,arts47 ,l',o,euvre complet de ,rembr&t1 rem>quablem5t decrit et comm5te p> ,,*>les ,,blanc4 ,p>is1 #ahei4 #c vol4 9-#h4 99 ,rembr&t ,h>m5s van ,rijn4 ,ses precurseurs et ses annees d'appr5tissage4 ,p> ,c4 ,,vosma]4 ,la ,haye1 ,nijh(f1 #ahfc4 99 ,rembr&t ,h>m5s van ,rijn4 ,sa vie et ses oeuvres4 ,p> ,c4 ,,vosma]4 ,la ,haye1 ,nijh(f1 #ahfh4 7,a second1 revis$ edition appe>$ "s ye>s ago47 99 ,! ,et*$ ,works ( ,rembr&t4 ,a ,monograph4 ,by ,,francis ,,seym\r ,,had54 ,) ?ree plates & app5dix4 ,london1 ,macmillan1 #ahgi4 ,m$ium #hvo4 99 ,descriptive ,catalogue ( ! ,et*$ ,works ( ,rembr&t van ,rhyn4 ,) ,life & ,introduction4 ,by ,c4 ,h4 ,,middleton4 ,royal #hvo4 ,london1 #ahgi4 ,pictorial ,notices2 consi/+ ( a ,memoir ( ,sir ,an?ony van ,dyck1 ) a ,descriptive ,catalogue ( ! ,et*+s execut$ by him4444 ,by ,,william ,,hookham ,,c>p5t]4 ,london1 #ahdd4 #dto4 ,portrait4 99 ,! ,works ( ! ,am]ican ,et*]s4 ,9 ! ,am]ican ,art ,review4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes3 ,obvi\s typos & inconsi/5cies correct$_//&>dis$3 ,bruxelle to ,bruxelles1 ,nitrid ,acid to ,nitric ,acid1 i4e4 to i4 e41 ,societe des aqua-=ti/es to ,societe des ,aqua-=ti/es 7z else:]e 9 text71 ,epreuves to ,epreuves 7z else:]e 9 text71 c>dbo>d to c>d-bo>d1 ov]bitt5 & ov] bitt5 to ov]-bitt51 travell+ bo>d to travell+-bo>d 7z else:]e 9 text74 ,o!r inconsi/5cies g5]ally left z 9 orig9al3 ,z9c_/z9c v ,z9k_/z9k1 facsimile v fac-simile1 n[adays v n[-a-days1 ,india-rubb] v india-rubb]1 ,rembr&t van ,rhyn v ,rembr&t van ,rijn4 ,! oe-ligature 7z 9 oeuvre7 is repres5t$ z oe4 ,passages 9 italics are surr\nd$ by und]scores4 ,likewise passages 9 bold are indicat$ by bold4 ,! c>at "* is us$ to indicate sup]scripts 7z 9 ,fig4 #a;a74 ,table ( ,cont5ts3 exp&$ 7comp>$ to orig9al book7 by includ+ all sections 9 ! ,li/ ( ,works4 ,note t ! section head$ ,my ,de> ,m4 ,lalanne 9 ! text is call$ ,lett] by ,m4 ,*>les ,leblanc 9 ! ,table ( ,cont5ts4 ,plate ,,ix & page xxiv3 ! writ+ on ! plate is n v cle>1 b ! build+ is actually call$ ! ,waag1 ?is has be5 us$ 9 ! text4 ,footnotes 7,a1 ,b1 4447 mov$ to end ( p>agraph1 endnotes 7notes f ! translator1 #a1 #b1 4447 left toge!r 9 sep>ate *apt]1 z 9 orig9al4