,,old ,,coloured ,,books                
,illustration3 ,,the ,,revd4 ,,doctor   
,,syntax        ,,old ,,coloured        
,,books      ,,by      ,,george ,,paston
      ,,with ,,sixteen ,,coloured       
,,plates      ,,methuen  ,,co4    #cf   
,,essex ,,street ,w4,c4    ,,london     
,first ,published in #aije              
,,contents        ,i                    
,,page      ,,rudolf ,,ackermann        
#c      ,,thomas ,,rowlandson           
#e      ,,william ,,combe               
#i        ,,ii      ,,the ,,cruikshank  
,,brothers                         #af  
,,david ,,carey                         
#ba      ,,charles ,,molloy ,,westmacott
                       #bc      ,,pierce
 ,,egan ,,and ,,theodore ,,lane         
#bf      ,,george ,,cruikshank          
#bh        ,,iii      ,,henry ,,alken   
#cb      ,,charles ,,james ,,apperley   
#ce      ,,robert ,,smith ,,surtees     
#ci        ,,iv      ,the ,pickwick     
,illustrators      ,,robert ,,seymour   
#da      ,,robert ,,william ,,buss      

#dc      ,,habl,t ,,knight ,,browne     
#de        ,,list ,,of ,,illustrations  
,,page      ,,the ,,rev4 ,,dr4 ,,syntax 
,frontispiece     ,from ,the ,tour of   
,dr4 ,syntax in ,search of     the      
,picturesque      ,,dr4 ,,syntax ,,in   
,,the ,,glass ,,house                   
#h     ,from ,the ,second ,tour of ,dr4 
,syntax in     ,search of ,consolation  
,,qu ,,genus ,,officiating ,,at ,a      
,,gaming ,,house          #i     ,from  
,johnny ,qu ,genus      ,,by ,,gamblers 
,,linked ,,in ,,folly',s ,,noose        
#ac     ,from ,the ,dance of ,life      
,,subscription ,,room ,,at ,,brooks     
#ad     ,from ,the ,microcosm of ,london
      ,,vauxhall ,,gardens              
#ae     ,from ,the ,microcosm of ,london
      ,,death',s ,,dance                
#ai     ,from ,the ,dance of            
,death--,volume ,i4      ,,hunting ,,the
 ,,slipper                              
#bj     ,from ,the ,vicar of ,wakefield 
,,tom ,,and ,,jerry ,,in ,,the ,,saloon 
,,at ,,covent ,,garden    #be     ,from 

,life in ,london      ,,adventures ,,in 
,a ,,whiskey ,,parlour                  
#bh     ,from ,real ,life in ,ireland   
,,race ,,horse                          
#cd     ,from ,the ,national ,sports of 
,great ,britain      ,a ,,new ,,hunter  
#cf     ,from ,the ,life of ,john       
,mytton      ,,mr4 ,,ridgeway',s ,,good 
,,health                      #ch       
,from ,the ,life of a ,sportsman        
,o1 ,,gentlemen1 ,,gentlemen6           
#ci     ,from ,jorrocks' ,jaunts and    
,jollities      ,,mr4 ,,jorrocks'       
,,lecture ,,on ',,unting                
#dj     ,from ,handley ,cross           
,,coloured ,,title ,,page               
#da     ,from ,the ,analysis of the     
,hunting ,field        ,,some ,,old     
,,illustrated    ,,books          ,i    
,it is an unromantic fact1 but one which
 cannot fail to be of interest at  the  
present time1 that the remarkable       
development of the graver's art in      
,england during the latter part of the  
eighteenth century was due1 in a        

measure at least1 to--,protection4 ,in  
the middle of the century our trade  in 
engravings was still an import one1     
,english print-sellers being  obliged to
 pay hard cash for the prints they      
bought in ,france1 since the  ,french   
took none in exchange4 ,but with the    
accession of ,george ,,iii4 a  better   
prospect dawned for the artist and      
engraver4 ,the young ,king1  unlike his 
immediate predecessors1 desired to      
patronise native talent2  no budding    
,hogarth should draw unflattering       
comparisons between himself  and the    
,king of ,prussia as an ,encourager of  
the ,arts4 ,and in spite of  the gibes  
of ,peter ,pindar1 in spite of the royal
 preference for ,ramsay  over ,reynolds1
 it is probable that ,george ,,iii4 was 
sincere in his desire  to stimulate the 
growth of ,british art4 ,in #agfi the   
long-talked-of ,royal  ,academy was     
founded2 while1 for the benefit of the  
rising school of  ,english engravers1   
bounties were granted on the exportation

 of ,english  prints1 and heavy duties  
imposed on the importation of ,french   
prints4  ,politics and patriotism were  
not without their influence upon the    
trade1  many a good courtier being      
willing to help the cause by the        
purchase of  an inexpensive print1      
though he was not yet prepared to       
patronise a  ,british painter4 ,immense 
sums were cleared by ,john ,boydell over
  ,woollett's engravings after ,west and
 ,copley2 illustrated books1 more       
especially of travel1 were eagerly      
bought up2 illustrated magazines        
flooded the market2 print-shops         
multiplied1 their windows glazed with   
libels in the shape of coloured         
caricatures2 and foreign artists1       
engravers1 and miniaturists flocked to  
the ,english ,eldorado4 ,in #agij it    
was stated in a trade pamphlet that the 
prints exported from ,england at  that  
time1 as compared with those imported   
from ,france1 were in the  proportion of
 five hundred to one6      ,,rudolf     

,,ackermann    ,the ,french ,revolution1
 and the wars that followed1 temporarily
 ruined  our foreign trade in prints1   
the great fortune that ,boydell had made
 by  his judicious speculation in the   
talents of his countrymen1 melting away 
under these adverse influences1 and     
leaving him a ruined man by #ahjb4  ,but
 as ,boydell's star sank1 that of       
another art-publisher1 presumably  less 
dependent on foreign trade1 rose above  
the horizon4 ,rudolf  ,ackermann        
7#agfd-ahcd71 the son of a ,saxon       
coachbuilder1 came to ,london  about    
#agge1 and after ten years spent in     
making designs for  coachbuilders1 set  
up for himself in the ,strand as an     
art-publisher and  dealer in fancy      
goods4 ,ackermann proved himself a man  
of really  remarkable energy and        
initiative1 with a mind always open to  
the  reception of new ideas1 and a      
spirit of commercial enterprise that was
  based upon artistic taste and sound   
judgment4 ,he was also one of the few   

men who have ever successfully combined 
business and philanthropy on a  large   
scale4 ,during the years that followed  
the ,reign of ,terror1 he was  the chief
 employer of the ,french emigrs in      
,london1 finding occupation  for no     
fewer than fifty nobles1 priests1 and   
ladies1 in the manufacture  of screens1 
card-racks1 and other articles for his  
fancy department4  ,irrespective of his 
business as an art-publisher1 this      
extraordinary man  patented an invention
 for rendering cloth and paper          
waterproof1 made  experiments in        
air-balloons for the dissemination of   
news in war-time1  designed ,nelson's   
funeral-car1 introduced lithography for 
the purposes  of art-illustration into  
this country1 raised and distributed a  
large  sum for the relief of sufferers  
after the battle of ,leipsic1 undertook 
the same good offices for the ,prussian 
soldiers after ,waterloo1 and was  a    
generous employer to the ,spanish exiles
 who took refuge in ,england in  #ahae4 

,his ,wednesday evening conversazione at
 the ,repository of ,arts1 #aja         
,strand1 became quite a feature in the  
literary and artistic world after       
#ahac1 while he played the part of      
protector and adviser to the more       
unpractical of the authors and          
illustrators who were employed upon his 
various undertakings4    ,turning to    
,ackermann's numerous and valuable      
art-publications1 we find  that very    
early in his business career he was one 
of the chief employers  of ,rowlandson1 
the caricaturist1 to whom he eventually 
became a kind of  foster-publisher1 just
 as ,humphrey was the foster-publisher  
of  ,gillray4      ,,thomas ,,rowlandson
    ,thomas ,rowlandson 7#agef-ahbg7 had
 received his artistic training partly  
in the ,academy schools1 and partly1    
thanks to ,french connections1 in       
,parisian studios1 where1 in addition to
 a brilliant technique1 he  acquired a  
taste for gaming and all kinds of       
dissipation4 ,a brief  attempt to       

succeed as a portrait-painter was       
abandoned for caricature1  as soon as he
 perceived the success that had been won
 in that field by  his contemporaries   
,gillray and ,bunbury1 to say nothing of
 the easy  triumphs of such minor       
workers in the grotesque as ,collings   
and  ,woodward4 ,the exhibition at the  
,royal ,academy in #aghd-hg of such     
admirable studies in social comedy as   
,vauxhall ,gardens1 ,the  ,serpentine1  
,french ,barracks1 ,an ,italian ,family1
 and ,grog on  ,board1 speedily         
established his reputation1 and his     
future seemed  secure4 ,but his         
temperament made havoc of his career4   
,he threw away1 not  only his earnings1 
but more than one substantial legacy1   
over the dice1  remaining at the tables 
sometimes for a day and a night         
together4 ,though  he had a horror of   
debt1 and his ,i4,o4,u4 was reckoned as 
good as sterling  coin1 his losses      
troubled him but little4 ,i have played 
the fool1 he  was accustomed to say when

 he came home with empty pockets1 but1  
holding up his famous reed-pen1 here is 
my resource4 ,and for many  years his   
faith in his own powers was abundantly  
justified4 ,but as time  passed on1 his 
amazing rapidity of production began to 
spoil his market2  while his facile but 
not profound imagination showed signs of
 wearying4  ,the print-shops were       
flooded with his hasty sketches1 and    
though his  admirers were numerous and  
his patrons liberal1 the demand failed  
to  keep pace with the supply4    ,at   
this juncture it became apparent to the 
keen eye of ,rudolf ,ackermann  that    
some effort must be made to turn this   
fine talent into new  channels1 and to  
organise its output4 ,he had noted the  
popularity of  such connected series of 
comic designs as ,woodward's ,eccentric 
,excursion and ,bunbury's ,academy for  
,grown ,horsemen1 and it occurred  to   
him that humorous works illustrated with
 coloured etchings by  ,rowlandson1 and 
issued in monthly parts1 or in volume   

form at a moderate  price1 would have   
more chance of success than a multitude 
of detached  plates4 ,the ,loyal        
,volunteers1 published in #agii1 seems  
to have been  the earliest result of the
 connection between artist and          
publisher1 and  this was followed by a  
series of popular productions1 including
 the  well-known ,miseries of ,human    
,life4 ,but the most sensational success
  was made with ,the ,tour of ,dr4      
,syntax in ,search of the ,picturesque1 
which appeared in the ,poetical         
,magazine in #ahaj and in book-form in  
#ahab4 ,the idea of a series of designs 
representing the adventures and         
misadventure of a ridiculous old        
pedagogue during a tour among the       
,lakes1 appears to have been suggested  
to ,rowlandson by his friend ,john      
,bannister1 the comedian1 but the       
subject was versified by ,william       
,combe1  then an inmate of the ,king's  
,bench4 ,combe has described how every  
month  an etching or drawing was sent to

 me1 and ,i composed a certain          
proportion of pages in verse1 in which1 
of course1 the subject of the  design   
was included2 the rest depended on what 
would be the subject of  the second1 and
 in this manner the artist continued    
designing1 and ,i  continued writing1   
till a volume containing nearly ten     
thousand words  was produced4 ,a        
contemporary states that ,combe used to 
pin up the  sketch against the screen of
 his room1 and reel off his verses as   
the  printer wanted them2 but1 owing to 
his dilatory habits1 only one etching   
was sent to him at a time4    ,the      
success of this not very promising      
system of collaboration  astonished the 
authors and delighted the publisher4    
,the fortune of the  ,poetical ,magazine
 was made1 new editions being called for
 so rapidly  that the old plates were   
worn out and new ones had to be etched4 
,dr4  ,syntax hats1 coats1 and wigs     
became fashionable1 while the old       
schoolmaster1 his scolding wife and his 

ancient steed1 were among the  most     
popular of public characters4 ,the many 
inferior imitations to which  this      
success gave rise induced ,ackermann to 
commission sequels from the  same       
collaborators1 and these appeared under 
the titles of ,dr4 ,syntax  in ,search  
of ,consolation 7the hero having lost   
his wife71 ,dr4 ,syntax  in ,search of a
 ,wife1 and ,johnny ,qu ,genus1 between 
#ahbj and #ahbc4 ,the  popularity of    
these works was doubtless mainly due to 
,rowlandson's  designs1 in which        
,british breadth of humour was combined 
with ,french  lightness of touch2 but   
,combe's versified account of the       
adventures of  the long-suffering       
,doctor1 though it has lost much of its 
savour for the  present age1 seems to   
have been completely to the taste of his
 own  generation4    ,illustration3     
,,dr4 ,,syntax ,,in ,,the ,,glass       
,,house    ,illustration3 ,,qu ,,genus  
,,officiating ,,at ,a ,,gaming ,,house  
,,william ,,combe    ,william ,combe    

7#agda-ahbc7 was a literary bravo of a  
type that was  common enough in the     
eighteenth century4 ,if he had not the  
truculence of  ,john ,churchill or the  
coarseness of ,peter ,pindar1 he was    
little less  unscrupulous in his use of 
the pen4 ,the son of a ,bristol         
merchant1 he  was educated at ,eton and 
,oxford1 and after making the grand tour
 he was  called to the ,bar4 ,but ,duke 
,combe1 as his friends nicknamed him1   
was  too fine a gentleman to work at his
 profession4 ,he set up an expensive    
establishment1 kept a retinue of        
servants and several horses1 and1       
thanks to his good looks and attractive 
manners1 obtained an entrance  into the 
most exclusive circles4 ,at the end of  
two or three years1  having squandered a
 small fortune left him by his          
godfather1 ,combe  disappeared from his 
fashionable haunts1 and1 if tradition   
may be  believed1 underwent strange     
vicissitudes of fate4 ,he is said to    
have  enlisted as a private1 first in   

the ,english and afterwards in the      
,french  army1 and to have figured as a 
teacher of elocution1 a waiter in a     
restaurant1 and a cook at ,douai        
,college1 where he made such excellent  
soup that the monks tried to persuade   
him to join their order4 ,in #aggb  he  
returned to ,england1 and was induced to
 marry the chre amie of an  ,english    
nobleman by the promise of a handsome   
annuity4 ,the annuity not  being        
forthcoming1 he wrote a versified satire
 called ,the ,diaboliad  7#aggf71       
dedicated to the ,worst ,man in ,his    
,majesty's dominions1 who has  been     
variously identified as ,lord ,irnham   
and ,lord ,beauchamp4 ,the satire       
having a succs de scandale1 was followed
 by ,the ,diablo-lady1 and  other       
lampoons in the same style4 ,combe now  
settled down to literary  work--of a    
kind--and produced the spurious ,letters
 of the late ,lord  ,lyttelton 7which   
deceived many of the elect71 and the    
equally spurious  ,letters of ,sterne to

 ,eliza4 ,he had made the acquaintance  
of ,sterne  during his travels in       
,italy1 and used to boast that he had   
supplanted  the sentimental divine in   
the good graces of ,eliza4 ,in #aghi1   
,combe took  service under ,pitt as a   
political pamphleteer1 with a pension of
 #bjj a  year4 ,this salary ceased when 
,addington came into office in #ahjc1   
but he  then obtained a post on the     
staff of the ,times4 ,crabb ,robinson1  
who  met him in the ,times office1 said 
that he had known few men to be         
compared with ,combe1 and states that he
 was chiefly employed in  consultation1 
important questions being brought to him
 to decide in  ,walter's absence4       
,combe's connection with ,ackermann     
began when he was about sixty years of  
age1 and it is remarkable that his      
greatest successes should have been  won
 when he was nearing seventy4 ,that he  
was able to produce so much  popular    
work at his advanced age1 was probably  
partly due to the fact  that1 unlike    

most of his contemporaries1 he was a    
confirmed  water-drinker1 and that his  
life within the ,rules was free from    
anxiety  and responsibility4 ,the ,rules
 were jokingly said to extend as far as 
the  ,east ,indies1 and it is certain   
that they extended as far as            
,ackermann's  hospitable table in the   
,strand4 ,combe stoutly refused to allow
 his  friends to make any arrangement   
with his creditors1 and no formal       
contract regulated his dealings with his
 publisher4 ,send me a  twenty-pounder1 
or ,send me a thirty-pounder1 he wrote  
when funds were  low1 and his employer  
knew his value too well to neglect his  
demands4  ,besides contributing numerous
 articles to ,ackermann's monthly1 ,the 
,repository of ,arts1 ,literature1      
,fashions1 and ,manufactures 7#ahji-bh71
  ,combe wrote the descriptive          
letterpress for several of the large    
illustrated books published by the same 
firm1 ,the ,history of the  ,thames1    
,the ,history of ,westminster ,abbey1   

and the third volume of the  splendid   
,microcosm of ,london1 illustrated by   
,rowlandson and ,augustus  ,pugin       
7#agfb-ahcb71a the former being         
responsible for the figures1 the  latter
 for the architecture4 ,the first and   
second volumes were written  by ,w4 ,h4 
,pyne1 author of ,wine and ,walnuts1 who
 is perhaps better known  by his        
pseudonym of ,ephraim ,hardcastle4      
,combe is seen to most  advantage1      
however1 in ,the ,english ,dance of     
,death1 which was published  in #ahae1  
with illustrations by ,rowlandson1 and  
followed the succeeding  year by ,the   
,dance of ,life4    ,footnote #a3       
,father of the more celebrated ,augustus
 ,welby and ,edward  ,welby ,pugin4     
,illustration3 ,by ,gamblers link'd in  
,folly's ,noose1    ,play ill or well1  
he's sure to loose4    ,the ,infamous   
,combe1 as ,walpole unkindly dubbed him1
 was the author of  over a hundred      
books2 but as he only put his name to   
one1 there is  considerable doubt about 

the identity of his literary offspring4 
,though  nominally confined in a        
debtors' prison1 ,combe1 on the death of
 his  first wife in #ahad1 married a    
sister of ,mrs4 ,cosway's1 but this     
union  was no happier than the first1   
and the couple were soon separated4 ,in 
his old age he appears to have amused   
himself with a platonic  love-affair    
with a young girl1#b and in the         
composition of his  autobiography4 ,if  
this was a truthful record of his       
career1 it must have  been a more       
exciting document than all his other    
books put together2  but1 unfortunately1
 in a fit of resentment at the marriage 
of his  adopted son1 he burned the      
manuscript leaf by leaf4    ,footnote   
#b3 ,his letters to her were published  
the year after his  death4    ,before   
quitting the subject of the triple      
alliance between ,ackermann1            
,rowlandson1 and ,combe1 a word is due  
to the method in which the              
delicately-tinted illustrations to their

 joint-productions were  executed4      
,according to ,delaborde1 the           
copperplate engravings printed in       
colour at the close of the eighteenth   
century1 were usually printed from  one 
plate1 done in stipple1 and the various 
tints were rubbed in by the  printer1   
who used a sort of stump for this       
purpose instead of the  ordinary        
dabbing-brush4 ,this was a lengthy      
process1 and not always  satisfactory1  
since so much depended on the discretion
 of the printer4 ,a  more common method 
was to print broadly with three tints of
 printing  ink1 and afterwards to       
complete the colouring by hand with     
water-colours4 ,mr4 ,grego has described
 in some detail the manner in  which the
 etchings of ,rowlandson were produced  
by the conscientious  ,ackermann4 ,the  
artist would saunter round to the       
,repository from his  lodgings in the   
,adelphi1 and call for reed-pens1       
drawing-paper1 and  saucers of vermilion
 and ,indian ink1 which last he         

proceeded to combine  in his own        
inimitable fashion4 ,for the            
book-illustrations a finished  drawing  
was first made1 and then ,rowlandson    
etched the outline firmly  and sharply  
on the copperplate1 an impression from  
the bitten-in outline  was printed upon 
drawing-paper1 and the artist put in his
 shadows1  modelling of forms and       
sketchy distance in the most delicate   
handling  possible4 ,the shadows were   
then copied in acqua-tint on the        
outlined  plate1 sometimes by the       
designer1 but in most cases by an       
engraver4  ,rowlandson next completed   
the colouring of his own ,indian-ink    
shaded  impression in delicate tints    
harmoniously selected4 ,this tinted     
impression served as a copy for         
,ackermann's famous staff of colourists1
  who1 having worked under his          
supervision for many years1 attained a  
degree of perfection and neatness never 
arrived at before1 and almost  beyond   
belief in the present day4 ,the result  

of this elaborate care may  perhaps best
 be seen in ,the ,microcosm of ,london1 
,the ,dance of ,death1  and the charming
 edition of ,the ,vicar of ,wakefield1  
published in #ahag4    ,illustration3   
,,subscription ,,room ,,at ,,brooks     
,illustration3 ,,vauxhall ,,gardens     
,,ii      ,,robert ,,and ,,george       
,,cruikshank    ,in the early years of  
the nineteenth century1 when ,gillray   
was fast  drinking himself into         
imbecility1 and ,rowlandson had turned  
his  attention to book-illustration1    
,english caricature1 that once vigorous 
plant1 showed signs of premature decay4 
,in the opinion of all lovers of        
pictorial satire1 the promise displayed 
in the as yet immature designs  of a    
couple of youthful brothers1 ,robert and
 ,george ,cruikshank1 held out  the best
 hopes for the future4 ,the two boys    
were the sons of a ,lowland  ,scotchman1
 ,isaac ,cruikshank 7c4 #agef-;c4       
#ahaa71 who came to ,london  with his   
,highland wife some time in the         

eighties1 and made a modest  mark as a  
water-colour painter and caricaturist4  
,he produced a large  number of         
political caricatures in the style of   
,gillray1 which were  coloured by his   
wife and later by his two boys1 who     
enjoyed but little  schooling1 and only 
so much artistic training as he could   
give them4 ,it  was owing1 probably1 to 
,isaac's passion for ,scotch whisky1    
which is said  to have hastened his end1
 that the little household in ,duke     
,street1  ,holborn1 had a hard struggle 
to make both ends meet1 and ,george     
7#agib-ahgh71 while yet a child himself1
 was set to illustrate children's  books
 for the trade4 ,before he was out of   
his teens he was producing  coloured    
caricatures1 of which the arrest of ,sir
 ,francis ,burdett is the  earliest     
important example1 and contributing     
etchings to ,the ,scourge  7#ahaa-af71 a
 scurrilous publication1 edited by ,mad 
,mitford4 ,the  principal subjects of   
his somewhat crude satire were the      

,regent1  ,buonaparte1 and a certain    
number of too notorious personages in   
high  life4 ,in #ahad1 ,george          
illustrated a ,life of ,napoleon in     
,hudibrastic  verse1 by ,dr4 ,syntax1   
not our friend ,combe1 but some         
anonymous admirer  of his hero4 ,young  
,cruikshank's talent attracted the      
attention of  ,william ,hone of         
,table-,book fame1 who employed him to  
illustrate a  series of radical squibs1 
including ,the ,political ,house that   
,jack  built1 ,the ,political ,alphabet1
 and ,the ,queen's ,matrimonial ,ladder4
  ,it was for ,hone that ,george        
designed his famous ,bank-note not to be
  imitated1 which1 he fondly believed1  
put a stop to hanging for the  forgery  
of one pound notes4 ,hone seems to have 
been a very poor  paymaster1 but his    
custom brought the young artist great   
notoriety1 and  by #ahbj the ingenious  
,mr4 ,cruikshank was firmly established 
as a  popular favourite4    ,after his  
father's death1 ,george continued to    

keep house with his  mother1 sister1 and
 brother1 and we are told that the wild 
ways of her  two boys gave the thrifty1 
serious ,mrs4 ,cruikshank a great deal  
of  anxiety4 ,she is reported to have   
chastised ,george with her own hands    
when he came home tipsy o' nights1 and  
she was accustomed to say1 with  more   
than maternal candour1 ,take the pencil 
out of my sons' hands1 and  they are no 
better than two boobies4 ,however1 it   
was probably owing to  their familiarity
 with the haunts of dissipation that    
they became  acquainted with ,pierce    
,egan 7#aggb-ahdi71 the pet of peers and
 pugilists1  an accomplished professor  
of ,cockney slang1 and the greatest     
living  authority on questions relating 
to boxing1 bull-baiting1 cock-fighting1 
and all such manly sports4 ,pierce1 who 
handled a pen much as he might  have    
handled a quarter-staff1 had already won
 fame as a sporting  reporter1 and as   
the author of ,boxiana1 or ,sketches of 
,modern  ,pugilists1 published in #ahah4

 ,in #ahba he conceived1 or had         
suggested to  him1 the idea of a book on
 ,life in ,london as seen by a young man
 about  town1 and he engaged the        
brothers ,cruikshank to illustrate it4  
,it has  been claimed that the idea     
originated with ,robert ,cruikshank1 who
 drew  the characters of ,corinthian    
,tom1 ,jerry ,hawthorn1 and ,bob ,logic1
 from  himself1 his brother1 and ,pierce
 ,egan4 ,george ,,iv4 gave permission   
for  the proposed work to be dedicated  
to himself1 and in ,july #ahba it began 
to appear in monthly numbers1 under the 
title of ,life in ,london2 or the  ,day 
and ,night ,scenes of ,jerry ,hawthorn1 
,esq41 and his elegant friend           
,corinthian ,tom1 accompanied by ,bob   
,logic the ,oxonian1 in their ,rambles  
and ,sprees through the ,metropolis4    
,the work was illustrated by  fifty-six 
hand-coloured etchings by the two       
,cruikshanks1 as well as  numerous      
engravings on wood4 ,the very first     
number took the town by  storm1 and the 

colourists were unable to keep pace with
 the demand4  ,scenes from the tale were
 painted on fans1 screens1 and          
tea-trays1  numerous imitations were put
 forth1 even before the book was issued 
in  volume form1 and more than one      
dramatised version appeared on the      
stage4  ,every street broil was         
transformed into a ,tom and ,jerry row1 
the  ,methodists distributed tracts at  
the doors of the theatres in which the  
piece was played1 and it was declared   
that ,egan had turned the period  into  
an ,age of ,flash4 ,but all protests    
were speedily drowned in a  general     
chorus of admiration1 to which the      
,european ,magazine put the  climax with
 its public declaration that ,corinthian
 ,tom gives finished  portraits2 with   
all the delicacy and precision of       
,gerard ,douw1 he unites  the boldness  
of ,rubens with the intimate knowledge  
of ,teniers6  ,thackeray1 in a charming 
essay1 has recalled his early delight in
 the  book1 in those far-off days when  

every schoolboy believed that the three 
heroes were types of the most elegant   
and fashionable young fellows the  town 
afforded1 and thought their occupations 
and amusements those of all  high-bred  
,english gentlemen4 ,twenty years later1
 ,thackeray describes how  he went to   
the ,british ,museum to renew his       
acquaintance with his old  favourite1   
and was disillusioned by the            
letterpress1 which he found a  little   
vulgar1 but the pictures1 he exclaims1  
the pictures are noble  still6          
,illustration3 ,,death',s ,,dance       
,illustration3 ,,hunting ,,the ,,slipper
      ,,david ,,carey    ,the earliest  
imitation of ,life in ,london was called
 ,real ,life in  ,london1 or the        
,rambles and ,adventures of ,bob        
,tallyho1 ,esq41 and his  ,cousin the   
,hon4 ,tom ,dashall4 ,by an ,amateur4   
,this book1 which some have  supposed to
 be the work of ,egan in rivalry with   
himself1 was illustrated  by            
,rowlandson1 ,alken1 and ,dighton4 ,a   

year later1 in #ahbb1 came ,life in     
,paris1 ,comprising the ,rambles1       
,sprees1 and ,amours of ,dick ,wildfire 
and  ,squire ,jenkins1 by ,david ,carey2
 while ,the ,english ,spy1 by ,bernard  
,blackmantle1 appeared in #ahbd4 ,david 
,carey 7#aghb-ahbd7 was a young         
,scotchman1 son of a manufacturer at    
,arbroath1 who began his career in      
,constable's publishing house in        
,edinburgh but presently came south1 and
  devoted himself to literary           
journalism4 ,he attracted some attention
 by  means of a satire1 called the ,the 
,ins and ,outs1 and also wrote some     
long-forgotten novels and sketches4 ,in 
#ahbb he went to ,paris1 where he  wrote
 his account of life in that city2 and  
then1 his health breaking  down1        
returned to his native town to die of   
consumption4 ,it was claimed  for the   
illustrations to his book1 which were   
from the pencil of ,george  ,cruikshank1
 that ,to accuracy of local delineation 
is added a happy  exhibition of whatever

 is ludicrous and grotesque in          
character4 ,now  ,george had never been 
in ,france1 and therefore was obliged to
 take his  local colour from the views  
of other artists1 but the ludicrous and 
grotesque side of ,french life and      
character came only too easily to his   
,john ,bullish imagination4 ,to him1 as 
,thackeray points out1 all ,frenchmen   
were either barbers or dancing-masters1 
with spindle shanks1 pig-tails1         
outstretched hands1 shrugging shoulders1
 and queer hair and moustaches4  ,in his
 regenerate days1 ,george was wont to   
assert1  propos of ,life  in ,london1   
that1 finding the book was a guide to1  
rather than a warning  against1 the     
vicious haunts and amusements of the    
,metropolis1 he had  retired from the   
alliance with ,egan1 leaving about      
two-thirds of the  plates to be executed
 by his brother ,robert4 ,if this be    
true1 he showed  some inconsistency in  
consenting to illustrate ,carey's book1 
which is a  frank imitation of ,egan's1 

though in a ,french setting4            
,,charles ,,molloy ,,westmacott    ,a   
more ambitious book in the same genre   
was ,the ,english ,spy2 an  ,original   
,work1 ,characteristic1 ,satirical1 and 
,humorous1 comprising  ,scenes and      
,sketches in every ,rank of ,society1   
being ,portraits of the  ,illustrious1  
,eminent1 ,eccentric1 and ,notorious4   
,the author1 ,charles  ,molloy          
,westmacott1 alias ,bernard             
,blackmantle1 editor of ,the ,age1 has  
been described as a typical editor of   
the rowdy school of journalism4 ,he     
claimed to be the son of ,sir ,richard  
,westmacott1 the ,royal ,academician1   
by a certain ,widow ,molloy1 who kept   
the ,king's ,arms at ,kensington4 ,the  
system of journalistic blackmail was    
brought to a higher degree of           
perfection by ,westmacott than by any   
other free lance of the time4 ,for  the 
pices justificatives relating to a      
certain scandalous intrigue in  which   
various exalted personages were         

implicated1 ,westmacott is said to  have
 received nearly #ejjj4 ,with his       
ill-gotten gains he fitted up a  villa  
near ,richmond1 where for a time he     
lived in luxury1 though not1 it  would  
appear1 in security4 ,in #ahcj he was   
soundly horsewhipped by  ,charles       
,kemble for an insulting allusion to his
 daughter ,fanny in ,the  ,age1 and he  
was threatened with the same punishment 
by ,bulwer ,lytton4  ,in his portrait by
 ,daniel ,maclise he is represented with
 a heavy  dog-whip1 probably a necessary
 weapon of defence4 ,in his later days  
,westmacott took refuge in ,paris1 where
 he died in #ahfh4    ,in #ahbc1        
,westmacott published his ,points of    
,misery1 illustrated by  ,george        
,cruikshank1 and in #ahbe he brought out
 a roman  clef called  ,fitzalleyne of  
,berkeley1 in which various scandals    
relating to the  ,berkeley family were  
introduced4 ,the book was eagerly bought
 and read1  and ,westmacott1 who had    
vainly tried to extort money for its    

suppression1 must have made a handsome  
sum by its publication4 ,the  ,english  
,spy was brought out in two volumes1 and
 contained seventy-two  large coloured  
plates as well as numerous vignettes on 
wood1 the  majority being from the      
designs of ,robert ,cruikshank1 who     
figures in the  book under the pseudonym
 of ,robert ,transit4 ,two of the       
coloured plates  were contributed by    
,thomas ,rowlandson1 notably a sketch of
 the ,life  ,academy at ,somerset       
,house1 with the ,r4,a4's of the period 
busily engaged  in drawing from a female
 model4 ,most of the social celebrities 
of the  time are introduced into the    
book1 ,beau ,brummell1 ,colonel         
,berkeley1  ,pierce ,egan1 ,charles     
,matthews1 ,pea-green ,hayne1 and       
,golden ,ball2  while life at the       
,university1 in sporting and fashionable
 ,london1 and at  the popular           
watering-places1 is vividly described4  
,on the last page is  an interesting    
little vignette representing the author 

and artist in the  act of handing the   
second volume of their work to an       
eagerly expectant  bookseller4 ,the     
success of this book1 and of many other 
imitations of  ,life in ,london1 induced
 ,egan to compose a sequel to his work1 
which  appeared in #ahbh under the title
 of ,the ,finish to the ,adventures of  
,tom1 ,jerry1 and ,logic1 in their      
,pursuits through ,life in and out of   
,london1 illustrated by ,robert         
,cruikshank4 ,in this curious book an   
attempt is made to propitiate the       
,nonconformist conscience of that day   
by bringing the majority of the         
characters to a bad end4 ,corinthian    
,tom  breaks his neck in a steeplechase1
 ,corinthian ,kate dies in misery1 ,bob 
,logic is also killed off1 and ,splendid
 ,jem becomes a convict2 but ,jerry     
,hawthorn reforms1 marries ,mary        
,rosebud1 a virtuous country maiden1 and
  settles down at ,hawthorn ,hall as a  
,justice of the ,peace and model        
landlord4    ,illustration3 ,,tom ,,and 

,,jerry1 ,,in ,,the ,,saloon ,,at       
,,covent ,,garden      ,,pierce ,,egan  
,,and ,,theodore ,,lane    ,in #ahbd1   
,egan had started a weekly newspaper    
called ,pierce ,egan's ,life  in        
,london1 which1 being sold to a ,mr4    
,bell1 enjoyed a long period of         
popularity as ,bell's ,life in ,london4 
,in the same year ,pierce published  his
 ,life of an ,actor1 dedicated to       
,edmund ,kean1 and illustrated by       
,theodore ,lane4 ,lane1 who was born at 
,isleworth in #ahjj1 was the son of a   
drawing-master in poor circumstances4   
,at the age of fourteen he was          
apprenticed to ,john ,barrow1 an artist 
and colourer of prints1 who was  living 
in ,st4 ,pancras4 ,thanks to the        
encouragement of his master1 ,lane      
early came into notice as a miniaturist 
and painter in water-colours1  and he   
exhibited works of that class at the    
,academy between #ahai and  #ahbf4 ,but 
his real talent lay in the direction of 
the quaint and the  humorous4 ,in #ahbe 

he made a series of thirty-six designs  
representing  scenes in the life of an  
actor1 which he took to ,egan and begged
 that  popular author to write the      
letterpress4 ,after some hesitation1    
,egan  undertook the task1 chiefly1 as  
he says1 with the idea of introducing a 
meritorious young artist to the public4 
,for his designs ,lane received  #aej   
from the publisher1 and the book really 
proved a stepping-stone1  not to        
fortune1 but to regular employment4 ,his
 work was praised by the  two           
,cruikshanks1 and a writer in ,the      
,monthly ,critical ,gazette declared    
that his designs would not discredit the
 pencil of ,hogarth4 ,lane  illustrated 
,egan's ,anecdotes ,original and        
,selected of the ,turf1 the  ,chase1 the
 ,ring1 and the ,stage in #ahbg1 and    
also published two or  series of        
humorous designs4 ,in #ahbe the young   
artist1 though  left-handed1 took up    
oil-painting with success1 and attracted
 favourable  notice by his pictures ,the

 ,christmas ,presents and ,disturbed by 
,nightmare1 which were exhibited at the 
,academy in #ahbg and #ahbh4 ,his  best 
work1 however1 was ,the ,enthusiast--a  
gouty angler fishing in a  tub of       
water--which is now in the ,national    
,gallery4 ,on #bast ,may #ahbh  poor    
,lane's promising career was cut short  
in most tragical fashion4  ,while       
waiting for a friend at the ,horse      
,repository in the ,gray's ,inn  ,road1 
he stepped upon a skylight1 and1 falling
 through1 his brains were  dashed out   
upon the pavement below4 ,he left a     
widow and two children1  for whose      
benefit ,egan published a little work in
 verse called ,the ,show  ,folks1 with  
illustrations by ,lane1 as well as a    
short memoir of the  unfortunate artist4
 ,of ,egan's numerous other works it is 
only necessary  to mention his ,book of 
,sports and ,mirror of ,life 7#ahcb71   
and ,the  ,pilgrims of the ,thames in   
,search of the ,national 7#ahch71       
illustrated by  his son1 and dedicated  

by express permission to the young      
,queen  ,victoria4 ,the ,fancy's darling
 child1 as he has been aptly named1 died
  at his house in ,pentonville in #ahdi1
 respected by all who knew  him--vide   
,bell's ,life4      ,,george            
,,cruikshank    ,to return to ,george   
,cruikshank1 who was now in the full    
tide of success  and overwhelmed with   
commissions4 ,it would be impossible    
here to give a  complete list of his    
productions1 but mention may be made of 
his  illustrations to ,peter ,schlemihl1
 the ,man without a ,shadow1 and to     
,grimm's ,popular ,stories 7#ahbd71     
which were so much admired by ,ruskin2  
of his ,illustrations of ,phrenology    
7#ahbf71 which marks his first          
appearance as an independent author2 the
 famous ,mornings at ,bow ,street       
7#ahae72 the ,comic ,almanac1 which     
began in #ahce2 the series of etchings  
for the ,sketches by ,boz 7#ahcf71 and  
those for ,oliver ,twist in  ,bentley's 
,miscellany 7#ahci71 which led to his   

claim that he had  originated the       
story--a claim that naturally put an end
 to his  connection with ,dickens4 ,in  
#ahci began a long series of            
illustrations  for the novels of        
,harrison ,ainsworth 7#ahje-hb71 the    
editor of ,bentley's  ,miscellany4      
,ainsworth was born at ,manchester1 and 
bred up to the law1  but on coming to   
,london to finish his legal studies1 he 
neglected his  law books for literature4
 ,he attained his first success with    
,rookwood  in #ahcd1 and in #ahci became
 editor of ,bentley's ,miscellany1 in   
which  his novel ,jack ,sheppard1 with  
illustrations by ,cruikshank1 first     
appeared4 ,in #ahdb he started          
,ainsworth's ,magazine1 and engaged     
,cruikshank1 who had quarrelled with    
,bentley1 as illustrator-in-chief1 at  a
 salary of #dj a month4 ,the engagement 
proved a fortunate one1  resulting in   
the excellent designs to ,the ,tower of 
,london1 ,the  ,miser's ,daughter1      
,windsor ,castle1 and other novels1     

which ,cruikshank  himself described as 
a hundred and forty-four of the very    
best designs  and etchings ,i ever      
produced4 ,the connection came to an end
 with the  usual quarrel1 ,cruikshank   
claiming to have suggested the plot and 
characters of both ,the ,miser's        
,daughter and ,the ,tower of ,london4   
,illustration3 ,,adventures ,,in ,a     
,,whiskey ,,parlour    ,in #ahdg1       
,cruikshank was converted to            
teetotalism1 and thenceforward  laboured
 in the cause with almost fanatic zeal4 
,it was in this year that  he executed  
his famous group of eight designs called
 ,the ,bottle1 which  was reproduced in 
glyphography1 and circulated at a cheap 
price by  temperance societies4 ,in     
#ahej he was employed to illustrate the 
second  edition of ,smedley's successful
 novel ,frank ,fairlegh4 ,frank ,smedley
  was born at ,great ,marlow in #ahah1  
and1 being crippled by a malformation   
of the feet1 he was educated at a       
private tutor's instead of at a public  

school4 ,he contributed his first story1
 ,the ,life of a ,private ,pupil1  to   
,sharpe's ,magazine in #ahdf-dh1 and a  
couple of years later it was  published 
under the title of ,frank ,fairlegh4    
,the book1 in which  ,smedley's love of 
open-air life and sympathy with outdoor 
sports are  strongly manifested1 made a 
decided hit1 and was followed during the
  next few years by ,lewis ,arundel and 
,harry ,coverdale's ,courtship4         
,smedley has left an amusing account of 
his first interview with ,george        
,cruikshank1 who1 on seeing a cripple in
 a wheeled chair1 could not  conceal his
 wonder1 but kept exclaiming1 ,good     
,god6 ,i thought you could  gallop about
 on horses4 ,smedley1 who died of       
apoplexy in #ahfd1 was  editor of the   
ill-fated ,cruikshank's ,magazine1      
started in #ahec1 which  only reached   
its second number4    ,george           
,cruikshank's last years were taken up  
in great measure with his  work in the  
cause of temperance reform1 and though  

he still occupied  himself in           
book-illustration1 it became            
increasingly evident that he had        
outlived his public4 ,his large         
oil-painting1 ,the ,triumph of ,bacchus1
  did not attract the multitude when    
exhibited at ,exeter ,hall in #ahfc1    
though he had devoted three years to its
 execution4 ,thanks to the  kindness of 
his friends1 and the grant of two small 
pensions1 actual  poverty was kept from 
his door1 and he lived to a green old   
age1  bright-eyed and alert1 the best of
 good company over his glass of cold    
water1 dancing a hornpipe at past       
eighty1 or dressing up and singing  ,the
 ,loving ,ballad of ,lord ,bateman1     
which he had illustrated in #ahci4  ,he 
was taken ill early in #ahgh1 and died  
on #ast ,february1 finding his  final   
resting-place in the crypt of ,st4      
,paul's ,cathedral4    ,george          
,cruikshank1 his biographer ,blanchard  
,jerrold tells us1 always  worked with  
great care and deliberation1 thinking   

out his subject  thoroughly before      
beginning to realise his conception4 ,he
 made1 to  begin with1 a careful design 
upon paper1 trying doubtful points upon 
the  margin4 ,the design was heightened 
by vigorous touches of colour4 ,then a  
careful tracing was made1 and laid1     
pencil side down1 upon the steel  plate4
 ,this was carried to the printer1 who1 
having placed it between  damp paper and
 passed it through the press1 returned  
it1 the black-lead  outline distinctly  
appearing on the etching ground4 ,and   
then the work  was straightforward to   
the artist's firm hand4          ,,iii  
,,henry ,,alken    ,the books           
illustrated in colour at the end of the 
eighteenth and  beginning of the        
nineteenth century may be classed under 
certain  well-defined                   
headings--narrative1 topography1        
costume1 and sport1 the  last being by  
no means the least important4 ,although 
neither ,gillray nor  ,rowlandson       
ignored the sport of kings1 it was      

,bunbury who1 drawing upon  his own     
personal experiences1 set the fashion   
for hunting and horsey  books1 which    
were most commonly conceived in a vein  
of broad humour4 ,of  such was          
,bunbury's ,geoffry ,gambado1 or the    
,academy for ,grown ,horsemen1  of which
 several editions appeared between #aghh
 and #ahjh4 ,the most  distinguished of 
,bunbury's immediate successors was     
,henry ,alken1 an  artist whose origin  
seems wrapped in mystery4 ,it has been  
rumoured that  he began his career as   
stud-groom or trainer to the ,duke of   
,beaufort in  the opening years of the  
nineteenth century4 ,his early drawings 
were  produced under the pseudonym of   
,ben ,tallyho1 and the first work to    
which he signed his own name seems to   
have been ,the ,beauties and  ,defects  
in the ,figure of the ,horse1           
comparatively ,delineated1 which        
appeared in #ahaf4 ,this was followed by
 some sets of humorous etchings in      
frank imitation of ,bunbury1 such as    

,specimens of ,riding1 ,symptoms of     
being ,amazed1 ,a ,touch at the ,fine   
,arts1 and1 in #ahba1 by a folio        
volume1 ,the ,national ,sports of ,great
 ,britain4 ,in #ahbd we find a most     
complimentary allusion to ,alken's work 
in an article on the fine arts in       
,blackwood's ,magazine1 probably written
 by ,christopher ,north4 ,the  writer1  
after observing that ,george ,cruikshank
 failed in one subject  only--the       
gentlemen of ,england--proceeds3 ,where 
,cruikshank fails1  there1 happily for  
,england and for art1 ,henry ,alken     
shines1 and shines  like a star of the  
first magnitude4 ,he has filled up the  
great blank  that was left by the       
disappearance of ,bunbury4 ,he is a     
gentleman--he has  lived with           
gentlemen--he understands their nature  
both in its strength  and its           
weakness4444 ,in this work ,a ,touch at 
the ,fine ,arts there is  a freedom of  
handling that is really delightful4 ,yet
 ,i am not sure but ,i  give the        

preference to my older favourite1 ,the  
,symptoms4 ,the shooting  parties--the  
driving parties--the overturning        
parties--the flirting  parties--the     
fighting parties in that series are all 
and each of them  nearly divine4        
,positively you must buy a set of       
,alken's works--they are  splendid      
things--no drawing-room is complete     
without them4 ,alken1 it  will be seen1 
had already made his mark1 but it was   
his connection with  ,mr4 ,apperley1    
alias ,nimrod1 that was to bring him his
 largest meed  of fame4                 
,illustration3 ,,race ,,horse           
,,charles ,,james ,,apperley    ,charles
 ,james ,apperley was born at           
,plasgronow1 ,herefordshire1 in #aggh1  
and educated at ,rugby4 ,his father1 a  
man of literary tastes1 who             
corresponded with ,dr4 ,johnson and read
 ,greek before breakfast1 had been      
tutor and bear-leader on the grand tour 
to ,sir ,william ,watkin ,wynn4  ,young 
,apperley1 who refused to be turned into

 a scholar1 was gazetted  cornet in     
#agih in ,sir ,w4 ,wynn's regiment of   
yeomanry1 and served in  ,ireland during
 the ,rebellion4 ,on his return to      
,england in #ahja1 he  married a ,miss  
,wynn1 a cousin of ,sir ,william's1 and 
settled at ,hinckley  ,hall in          
,leicestershire1 where he hoped to add  
to his income by selling  the hunters   
that he trained4 ,three years later he  
moved to ,bilton ,hall1  near ,rugby1   
once the property of ,joseph ,addison1  
where he hunted  regularly with the     
,quorn and the ,pytchley1 till another  
move took him to  ,bitterly ,court1 in  
,shropshire1 where he became intimate   
with that  amazing character ,john      
,mytton1 of ,halston ,house1 whose life 
and death he  was afterwards to record  
in a book that made both subject and    
biographer  famous4 ,here we may suppose
 that ,apperley was witness of some of  
those  escapades that are now familiar  
to every student of sporting literature3
  the midnight drive across country1    

when a sunk fence1 a deep drain1 and    
two quickset hedges were successfully   
negotiated2 the attempt to leap a       
turnpike gate with a tandem1 when leader
 and wheeler parted company2 and  the   
gallop over a rabbit warren to see      
whether the horse would fall1  which it 
very naturally did1 and rolled upon its 
rider4 ,it was perhaps  just as well for
 ,apperley that he left this too        
exciting neighbourhood  after a few     
years1 and moved to ,beaurepaire ,house1
 in ,hampshire4 ,the  loss of money in  
farming operations brought him into     
difficulties1 and  at this time he seems
 to have conceived the idea of writing a
 book on  hunting4 ,he produced nothing1
 however1 till some years later1 when he
  was persuaded by ,pittman1 editor of  
the ,sporting ,magazine1 to become a    
contributor1 and his first article1 on  
,fox-,hunting in ,leicestershire1       
appeared in #ahbb4 ,this was followed by
 accounts of other hunting tours1  which
 proved so popular that the circulation 

of the magazine was soon  trebled4      
,apperley is said to have received #bj a
 page for his work1--the  highest price 
ever paid to a journalist at that       
time1--but apparently  this splendid    
remuneration had to cover his working   
expenses1 which  included a stud of     
hunters4 ,nimrod soon became a celebrity
 in the  sporting world1 and masters of 
hounds trembled at his nod4 ,the news of
  his arrival in a country set every    
member of the local hunt in a  flutter2 
the best horses were brought out1 and   
the best covers drawn1 in  the hope of a
 favourable notice from the great man4  
,illustration3 ,a ,,new                 
,,hunter--,,tallyho6 ,,tallyho6    ,in  
#ahcj the ,sporting ,magazine came to   
grief1 in consequence of the  death of  
the editor1 and ,apperley1 who had      
borrowed large sums of  ,pittman1 was   
obliged to take refuge from his         
creditors at ,calais1 where  he spent   
the next twelve years4 ,here1 a year    
later1 arrived ,john ,mytton1  also a   

fugitive1 having run through a splendid 
property1 and ruined a  magnificent     
constitution by drink1 before he was    
thirty-five4 ,apperley  seems to have   
done his best for his old friend and    
comrade1 who1 having  exchanged old     
port--of which his daily allowance had  
been from four to  six bottles a        
day--for brandy1 was rapidly drinking   
himself to death4  ,mytton1 who seems to
 have been practically a madman in his  
last years1  returned to ,london in     
#ahcc1 and was promptly thrown into the 
,king's  ,bench1 where he died of       
delirium tremens in the following year4 
,apperley occupied himself during his   
exile in writing sporting memoirs  and  
reminiscences1 and contributing to      
,ackermann's ,new ,sporting  ,magazine4 
,in #ahce he was invited by ,lockhart to
 write three articles on  ,hunting1     
,racing1 and ,coaching for the          
,quarterly ,review1 and these1  which   
represent some of his best work1 were   
republished under the title  of ,the    

,chase1 the ,turf1 and the ,road1 with  
coloured etchings by ,henry  ,alken4    
,lockhart was so much impressed by the  
powers of his new  contributor1 that he 
told ,john ,murray1 ,i have found a man 
who can hunt  like ,hugo ,meynell and   
write like ,walter ,scott1--a criticism 
that did  more credit to his sporting   
than his literary acumen1 though        
,apperley's  style is greatly superior  
to that of ,pierce ,egan and other of   
his  sporting contemporaries4 ,in #ahcg 
he published his ,memoirs of the ,life  
of ,john ,mytton1 which had appeared    
serially in the ,new ,sporting          
,magazine1 and was illustrated with     
plates drawn by ,alken and etched by    
,rawlings4 ,this was followed by ,the   
,life of a ,sportsman1 illustrated by   
the same artist1 which has become one of
 the classics of hunting  literature4   
,apperley returned to ,london in #ahdb1 
and died in ,pimlico the  following     
year4    ,illustration3 ,,mr4           
,,ridgeway',s ,,good ,,health--,,now6   

,illustration3 ,,oh ,,gentlemen6        
,,gentlemen6 ,,here',s ,a ,,lamentable  
,,occurrence      ,,robert ,,smith      
,,surtees    ,the death of ,apperley was
 preceded by the rise of another famous 
sporting writer1 ,robert ,smith ,surtees
 7#ahjc-fd71 the second son of  ,anthony
 ,surtees1 of ,hamsterley ,hall1        
,durham4 ,robert was educated at        
,durham ,grammar ,school1 and afterwards
 articled to a solicitor4 ,a            
partnership was bought for him in       
,london1 but this proved                
unsatisfactory1 and the young man1      
turning his back upon the law1  started 
upon his literary career as contributor 
to the old ,sporting  ,magazine4 ,in    
#ahca1 in connection with ,rudolf       
,ackermann1 the son and  successor of   
,rowlandson's employer1 he started the  
,new ,sporting  ,magazine1 which he     
edited down to #ahcf1 and in the pages  
of this  periodical the celebrated ,mr4 
,jorrocks1 humorist1 sportsman1 and     
grocer1  made his first bow to the      

public4 ,these papers were collected    
under the  title of ,jorrocks' ,jaunts  
and ,jollities in #ahch1 with           
illustrations  by ,phiz2 but a later    
edition1 that of #ahdc1 contains fifteen
 coloured  plates by ,alken4 ,in the    
same year ,surtees succeeded to the     
family  estate1 but in spite of this    
change in his circumstances he did not  
lay  aside his pen4 ,lockhart had once  
remarked to ,apperley  propos the       
creator of ,jorrocks1 ,that fellow could
 write a good novel if he liked  to try2
 and the compliment1 being promptly     
repeated to ,surtees1  resulted in the  
composition of ,handley ,cross 7#ahdc71 
in which ,mr4  ,jorrocks makes his      
appearance as a country squire and      
master of hounds4  ,a later edition of  
the book was illustrated by a new       
sporting artist1  ,john ,leech4 ,handley
 ,cross was followed by ,hawbuck        
,grange1 ,ask  ,mamma1 and the          
ever-popular ,mr4 ,sponge's ,sporting   
,tour1 which  contained numerous        

coloured plates and woodcuts by ,leech4 
,the  ,yorkshireman1 as ,surtees was    
nicknamed1 presumably because he was    
born  in ,durham1 also contributed      
papers to ,bell's ,life1 some of which1 
commemorative of the fine open winter of
 #ahde-df1 were afterwards  published as
 ,the ,analysis of the ,hunting ,field1 
with illustrations by  ,alken1 who now  
disappears from our view1 though he left
 two or three  sons in the same line of 
business1 with whom he has sometimes    
been  confused1 while the popular name  
of ,alken became a general patronymic   
for a whole school of sporting artists4 
,surtees1 who died at ,brighton in      
#ahfd1 was a fine horseman and a keen   
observer of social types1 though1  so   
far from being the rollicking sportsman 
suggested by his books1 he is  described
 as a man of rather reserved and        
taciturn nature4 ,the  remarkable       
character of ,mr4 ,jorrocks was evolved 
during long1 lonely  journeys1 when the 
shrewd ex-grocer1 or rather his         

imaginary conception1  stood his creator
 in the stead of a travelling companion4
    ,illustration3 ,,mr4 ,,jorrocks'    
,,lecture ,,on ,,unting                 
,illustration3 ,,coloured ,,title ,,page
          ,,iv    ,,the ,,pickwick      
,,illustrators      ,,robert ,,seymour  
,the success of the ,jaunts and         
,jollities1 and of ,egan's ,finish to   
,life  in ,london1 suggested1 it is     
said1 to ,messrs4 ,chapman and ,hall the
 idea  of a work which should deal with 
the adventures of a club of ,cockney    
sportsmen1 and serve as a vehicle for   
the humorous designs of ,robert         
,seymour4 ,leigh ,hunt and ,theodore    
,hook were asked1 in the first instance1
  to supply the letterpress2 but1 on    
their refusal1 the young ,charles       
,dickens1 then 7#ahce7 just             
three-and-twenty1 and only known as the 
author  of some amusing sketches1 was   
chosen to act as the literary           
illustrator  of the work4 ,dickens      
rejected the idea of a sporting club1   

though he so  far deferred to the       
publishers' suggestions as to create the
 immortal  ,pickwick ,club1 into which  
,mr4 ,winkle was introduced expressly   
for the  exploitation of ,seymour's     
peculiar talent4 ,the young author also 
stipulated that1 instead of being       
expected to write up to the artist's    
designs1 he should be allowed a free    
hand with the letterpress1 the          
illustrations being allowed to arise    
naturally out of the incidents          
described in the text4 ,on #bfth ,march 
#ahcf it was announced that the  first  
number of ,the ,posthumous ,papers of   
the ,pickwick ,club would be  published 
on the #cjth1 the work to be issued in  
shilling monthly parts  under the       
editorship of ,boz1 each part being     
illustrated with four  etchings on steel
 by ,seymour4 ,robert ,seymour          
7#ahjj8-cf7 had already made  his name  
as a caricaturist and book-illustrator4 
,he had published a  volume of humorous 
sketches 7mostly dealing with sporting  

misadventures71 and had been employed to
 illustrate ,bell's ,life and  ,figaro  
in ,london4 ,for ,pickwick he prepared  
seven illustrations1 of  which four     
appeared in the first part4 ,whether    
from overwork1 or from  the fact that   
his often hasty sketches did not        
invariably give  satisfaction to his    
employers1 ,seymour was in a depressed  
state of mind  at this time1 and on     
#bjth ,april1 just before the           
publication of the  second number of    
,pickwick1 he committed suicide by      
shooting himself  through the head with 
a fowling-piece4      ,,robert ,,william
 ,,buss    ,in consequence of this      
catastrophe1 the second number came out 
with only  three plates1 and an apology 
to the public4 ,in their dilemma the    
publishers invited ,robert ,william     
,buss 7#ahjd-ge71 a young artist of some
  promise1 to take up ,seymour's work4  
,buss1 who was the son of an  engraver1 
had studied under ,george ,clint1       
,a4,r4,a41 and had been employed  to    

illustrate ,cumberland's ,british       
,theatre4 ,he was also an exhibitor  at 
the ,royal ,academy1 where his most     
successful works had been in a  humorous
 genre4 ,buss consented to lay aside his
 ,academy picture and  undertake the    
illustrations to ,pickwick3 but as time 
pressed1 and he  was ignorant of the art
 of etching1 he put the two first       
designs into  the hands of a            
professional etcher4 ,the result was    
unfortunate1 since1  although the       
technical part of the work was well     
executed1 the free  touch of the        
original was entirely wanting1 and      
,buss's name appeared to  designs1 not  
one stroke of which was on the plates4  
,while the artist was  busy designing   
other1 and1 as he hoped1 more successful
 illustrations1  he received his        
dismissal from the publishers1 who were 
dissatisfied  with the specimens already
 submitted to them4 ,although he        
admitted that  his first two plates were
 abominably bad1 ,buss was much         

aggrieved at  this treatment1 having    
been promised every consideration from  
the  publishers on account of his       
ignorance of etching1 and the haste with
  which the earlier designs had to be   
prepared4 ,later he became known as a   
popular book-illustrator1 executing     
plates for the novels of ,mrs4          
,trollope1 ,captain ,marryatt1 and      
,harrison ,ainsworth2 while1 towards the
  end of his career1 he issued an       
elaborately-illustrated work on ,english
  graphic satire4      ,,habl,t ,,knight
 ,,browne    ,in consequence of these   
early misfortunes1 there was so poor a  
demand  for the first three numbers of  
,pickwick1 that the publishers had      
serious thoughts of stopping the        
publication of the work4 ,however1 on   
the dismissal of ,buss1 several         
illustrators came forward to offer their
  services1 including ,alfred ,crowquill
 7,alfred ,forrester71 ,leech1 and      
,thackeray1 the last-named going himself
 to call on ,dickens in ,furnival's     

,inn1 and submitting his drawings to    
him4 ,needless to say1 not one of the   
three was successful in his candidature1
 the choice of the publishers  falling  
upon a very young artist1 ,hablt ,knight
 ,browne 7#ahae-ahhb71 who  had served  
his apprenticeship to ,finden1 the      
line-engraver1 and gained  some         
experience as a book-illustrator4 ,he   
had already illustrated a  pamphlet by  
,dickens1 called ,sunday under ,three   
,heads1 and was engaged  in executing   
plates for ,chapman and ,hall's ,library
 of ,fiction4    ,the choice1 as every  
one knows1 proved a happy one1 ,browne1 
who took the  pseudonym of ,phiz to     
correspond with the editorial ,boz1     
throwing  himself heart and soul into   
the spirit of the work1 and proving an  
ideal  collaborator from the author's   
point of view4 ,the ill-luck which had  
dogged the early days of ,pickwick      
turned out a blessing in disguise  for  
,dickens1 since he was no longer        
expected to exploit the talent of  his  

illustrator1 and was enabled to impress 
his own ideas and wishes  upon ,phiz1   
his junior by three years4 ,with the    
fourth number1 which  saw the first     
appearance of ,samuel ,weller1 the      
circulation of the work  began to go up 
by leaps and bounds2 a ,pickwick boom   
ensued1 and many of  the designs had to 
be etched in duplicate1 as the plates   
showed signs of  wear and tear4 ,owing  
to the lack of harmony between the      
illustrations in  the first three       
numbers and those that followed1 ,browne
 was employed to  redraw ,seymour's     
plates1 and to substitute two new       
designs for the  despised ,buss plates4 
,the latter1 which only appeared in     
about seven  hundred copies of the      
original edition1 are now as eagerly    
sought by  collectors as if they were   
miniature masterpieces1 while the       
untouched  designs of ,seymour rank far 
above those that were redrawn by ,phiz4 
,the authorised illustrations to the    
,pickwick ,papers have been             

supplemented by several series of       
illegitimate designs1 chief among  which
 are the famous ,onwhyn plates1         
published in #ahcg1 when the book was   
in the full tide of success4 ,these     
consisted of thirty-two etchings on     
steel1 the majority of which were       
executed by ,thomas ,onwhyn 7died in    
#ahhf71 and are signed ,samuel ,weller1 
though a few have ,onwhyn's  initials4  
,the plates were published by ,e4       
,grattan in eight monthly parts  at a   
shilling each1 and were afterwards sold 
in volume form at nine  shillings4      
,onwhyn1 who was the son of a           
bookseller1 seemed determined to  make a
 specialit of ,dickens' illustrations1  
for in #ahch he issued  through ,grattan
 no less than forty designs for         
,nicholas ,nickleby1  signed ,peter     
,palette2 while in #ahdh he executed a  
second set of  ,pickwick plates1 which1 
in consequence of the republication of  
the  earlier set1 were not brought out  
till #ahid1 eight years after the       

artist's death4 ,though his technique   
was somewhat weak1 ,onwhyn's work  shows
 considerable humour1 and his uninvited 
designs now add great  lustre1 in the   
eyes of collectors1 to an               
extra-illustrated copy of  ,the         
,posthumous ,papers of the ,pickwick    
,club4      ,printed by ,,morrison      
,,gibb ,,limited1 ,edinburgh            
,,the ,,illustrated    ,,pocket         
,,library    ,,of ,,plain ,,and         
,,coloured ,,books      ,fcap4 #hvo1    
#cs4 #f;d4 net each ,volume    ,,messrs4
 ,,methuen are publishing a series in   
small form of some of the  rare and     
famous illustrated books of fiction and 
general literature1  faithfully         
reprinted from the first or best        
editions without  introduction or notes4
    ,the particular and attractive      
feature of these books is the           
reproduction  of all the illustrations  
which appeared in the original issues3  
illustrations which are part and parcel 
of the books1 and which1 from  their    

beauty or skill or humour1 had often as 
great a share in their  success as the  
text itself4 ,most of these books had   
coloured  illustrations1 and they are   
here similarly given4 ,wherever it is   
possible the books are contained within 
one volume4    ,of the coloured books   
there is also a large paper edition on  
,japanese  vellum1 limited to #ej       
copies1 the price of each copy being    
#cjs4 net  per volume4        ,,methuen 
,,co4    #cf ,essex ,street1 ,w4,c4     
,the following volumes are nearly all   
ready3--      ,coloured    ,books       
#c_/f ,each    ,old ,illustrated ,books4
 ,by ,,george ,,paston4      ,with #af  
,coloured ,plates4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4    
net4        ,this little book serves as 
an ,introduction to the                 
,illustrated ,pocket ,library1 gives    
notes of the authors and      artists of
 the famous books illustrated in colour 
which were      produced in great       
numbers in the beginning of the         
nineteenth      century1 and describes  

the best known of them4 ,interesting    
biographical touches are given          
concerning ,rowlandson1                 
,cruikshank1 ,alken1 ,leech1 ,pierce    
,egan1 ,combe1 ,surtees1 and      the   
great publisher of such books1 ,rudolph 
,ackermann4      ,the ,life and ,death  
of ,john ,mytton1 ,esq4 ,by             
,,nimrod4 ,with #ah ,coloured ,plates by
 ,henry ,alken and ,t4 ,j4              
,rawlins4      ,the ,vicar of           
,wakefield4 ,by ,,oliver ,,goldsmith4   
,with #bd      ,coloured ,plates by ,t4 
,rowlandson4      ,handley ,cross4 ,by  
,r4 ,s4 ,,surtees4 ,with #ag ,coloured  
,plates and      #ajj ,woodcuts in the  
,text by ,john ,leech4      ,mr4        
,sponge's ,sporting ,tour4 ,by ,r4 ,s4  
,,surtees4 ,with #ac      ,coloured     
,plates and #ij ,woodcuts in the ,text  
by ,john ,leech4      ,jorrocks' ,jaunts
 and ,jollities4 ,by ,r4 ,s4 ,,surtees4 
,with #ae      ,coloured ,plates by ,h4 
,alken4      ,ask ,mamma4 ,by ,r4 ,s4   
,,surtees4 ,with #ac ,coloured ,plates  

and #gj      ,woodcuts in the ,text by  
,john ,leech4      ,the ,tour of ,doctor
 ,syntax in ,search of the ,picturesque4
 ,by      ,,william ,,combe4 ,with #cj  
,coloured ,plates by ,t4 ,rowlandson4   
,the ,tour of ,doctor ,syntax in ,search
 of ,consolation4 ,by      ,,william    
,,combe4 ,with #bd ,coloured ,plates by 
,t4 ,rowlandson4      ,the ,third ,tour 
of ,doctor ,syntax in ,search of a      
,wife4 ,by      ,,william ,,combe4 ,with
 #bd ,coloured ,plates by ,t4           
,rowlandson4      ,the ,history of      
,johnny ,qu ,genus3 the ,little         
,foundling of the      ,late ,doctor    
,syntax4 ,by the ,author of ,the ,three 
,tours4 ,with      #bd ,coloured ,plates
 by ,t4 ,rowlandson4      ,the ,english 
,dance of ,death4 ,with #gf ,coloured   
,designs of ,t4      ,rowlandson1 with  
,metrical ,illustrations by the ,author 
of      ,doctor ,syntax4 ,two ,volumes4 
#gs4 net4      ,the ,dance of ,life3 ,a 
,poem4 ,by the ,author of ,doctor       
,syntax4      ,illustrated with #bf     

,coloured ,engravings by ,t4            
,rowlandson4      ,the ,life of a       
,sportsman4 ,by ,,nimrod4 ,with #ce     
,coloured ,plates      by ,henry ,alken4
      ,life in ,london3 or1 the ,day and
 ,night ,scenes of ,jerry               
,hawthorn1 ,esq41 and his ,elegant      
,friend1 ,corinthian ,tom4 ,by          
,,pierce ,,egan4 ,with #cf ,coloured    
,plates by ,i4 ,r4 and ,g4              
,cruikshank4 ,with numerous ,designs on 
,wood4      ,real ,life in ,london3 or1 
the ,rambles and ,adventures of ,bob    
,tallyho1 ,esq41 and his ,cousin1 the   
,hon4 ,tom ,dashall4 ,by an             
,amateur 7,,pierce ,,egan74 ,with #ca   
,coloured ,plates by ,alken and         
,rowlandson1 etc4 ,two ,volumes4 #gs4   
net4      ,real ,life in ,ireland3 or1  
the ,day and ,night ,scenes of ,brian   
,boru1 ,esq41 and his ,elegant ,friend1 
,sir ,shawn ,o',dogherty4 ,by      a    
,,real ,,paddy4 ,with #ai ,coloured     
,plates by ,heath1 ,marks1 etc4         
,the ,life of an ,actor4 ,by ,,pierce   

,,egan4 ,with #bg ,coloured      ,plates
 by ,theodore ,lane1 and several        
,designs on ,wood4      ,the ,analysis  
of the ,hunting ,field4 ,by ,r4 ,s4     
,,surtees4 ,with #g      ,coloured      
,plates by ,henry ,alken1 and #dc       
,illustrations on      ,wood4      ,the 
,old ,english ,squire3 ,a ,poem4 ,by    
,,john ,,careless1 ,esq4 ,with      #bj 
,coloured ,plates after the style of ,t4
 ,rowlandson4      ,the ,adventures of a
 ,post ,captain4 ,by a ,,naval          
,,officer4 ,with      #bd ,coloured     
,plates by ,mr4 ,williams4      ,the    
,military ,adventures of ,johnny        
,newcome4 ,by an ,,officer4      ,with  
#ac ,coloured ,plates by ,t4            
,rowlandson4      ,the ,adventures of   
,johnny ,newcome in the ,navy4 ,with #af
      ,coloured ,plates by ,t4          
,rowlandson4      ,the ,national ,sports
 of ,great ,britain4 ,with ,descriptions
 and      #ej ,coloured ,plates by      
,henry ,alken4        ,this book is     
completely different from the large     

folio      edition of ,national ,sports 
by the same artist1 and none of      the
 plates are similar4      ,the ,english 
,spy4 ,by ,,bernard ,,blackmantle4 ,with
 #gb ,coloured      ,plates by ,r4      
,cruikshank1 and many ,illustrations on 
,wood4      ,two ,volumes4 #gs4 net4    
,life in ,paris3 ,comprising the        
,rambles1 ,sprees and ,amours of        
,dick ,wildfire1 etc4 ,by ,,david       
,,carey4 ,with #ba ,coloured ,plates    
by ,george ,cruikshank1 and #bb ,wood   
,engravings by the same      ,artist4   
,gamonia3 or1 the ,art of ,preserving   
,game2 and an ,improved      ,method of 
making ,plantations and ,covers4        
,explained and      ,illustrated by     
,,lawrence ,,rawstorne1 ,esq4 ,with #ae 
,coloured      ,plates by ,t4 ,rawlins4 
,an ,academy for ,grown ,horsemen3      
,containing the completest              
,instructions for ,walking1 ,trotting1  
,cantering1 ,galloping1      ,stumbling 
and ,tumbling4 ,illustrated with #bg    
,coloured ,plates1      and adorned with

 a ,portrait of the ,author4 ,by        
,,geoffrey      ,,gambado1 ,esq4        
,plain    ,books    #c_/f each          
,illustrations of the ,book of ,job4    
,invented and ,engraved by      ,william
 ,blake4        ,these famous           
illustrations--#ba in number--are       
reproduced      in photogravure4 #ajj   
copies are printed on large paper1 with 
,india proofs and a duplicate set of the
 plates4 ,price #aes4      net4         
,the ,grave3 ,a ,poem4 ,by ,,robert     
,,blair4 ,illustrated by #ab            
,etchings executed by ,louis            
,schiavonetti from the ,original        
,inventions of ,william ,blake4 ,with an
 ,engraved ,title ,page and      a      
,portrait of ,blake by ,t4 ,phillips1   
,r4,a4        ,the illustrations are    
reproduced in photogravure4 #ajj        
copies are printed on ,japanese paper1  
with ,india proofs and      a duplicate 
set of the plates4 ,price #aes4 net4    
,windsor ,castle4 ,by ,w4 ,,harrison    
,,ainsworth4 ,with #bb ,plates and      

#hg ,woodcuts in the ,text by ,george   
,cruikshank4      ,the ,tower of        
,london4 ,by ,w4 ,,harrison ,,ainsworth4
 ,with #dj      ,plates and #eh         
,woodcuts in the ,text by ,george       
,cruikshank4      ,frank ,fairlegh4 ,by 
,f4 ,e4 ,,smedley4 ,with #cj ,plates by 
,george      ,cruikshank4      ,handy   
,andy4 ,by ,,samuel ,,lover4 ,with #bd  
,illustrations by the      ,author4     
,the ,compleat ,angler4 ,by ,,izaak     
,,walton and ,,charles ,,cotton4        
,with #ad ,plates and #gg ,woodcuts in  
the ,text4        ,this volume is       
reproduced from the beautiful edition of
      ,john ,major of #ahbd4      ,the  
,fables of sop4 ,with #chj ,woodcuts by 
,thomas ,bewick4      ,the ,pickwick    
,papers4 ,by ,,charles ,,dickens4 ,with 
the #dc      ,illustrations by ,seymour 
and ,phiz1 the two ,buss ,plates and    
the #cb ,contemporary ,onwhyn ,plates4  
,this is a particularly interesting     
volume1 containing1 as      it does1    
reproductions of very rare plates4      

,,london3 ,,methuen  ,,co4              
,transcriber's ,notes3      ,punctuation
 has been standardized4      ,other     
changes made3     ,added 't' to         
'straighforward'3 444the work was       
straightforward444     ,changed ',quae' 
to ',qu' in list of illustrations and   
advertisement1      for consistency with
 text and illustration4     ,changed    
',racehorse' to ',race ,horse' for      
consistency with title of               
illustration4     ,changed ',jorrocks's'
 to ',jorrocks'' for consistency4       
,note3     ,possible word missing after 
'or' in original3 444published two      
or series444