,libr>ies47 ,pres5t-,day ,g>d5+ ,,edit$ ,,by4444 ,r4 ,,hoop] ,,pe>son ,,manag+ ,,editor ,,( ,,! ,,g>d5]s' ,,*ronicle4444 ,a ,,li/ ,,( ,,volumes ,,9 ,,! ,,s]ies ,,is ,,giv5 ,,on ,,! ,,next ,,page4444 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,words surr\nd$ by tildes1 l ?is signifies words 9 bold4 ,words surr\nd$ by und]scores1 l ?is1 signifies words 9 italics4 ,pres5t-,day ,g>d5+ ,li/ ( ,volumes 9 ! ,s]ies4 #a4 ,,sweet ,,peas4 ,by ,,horace ,j4 ,,wright1 late ,secret>y & ,*airman ( ! ,national ,sweet ,pea ,society4 ,) ,*apt] on ,sweet ,peas = ,exhibition by ,,?os4 ,,/ev5son4 #b4 ,,pansies1 ,,violas1 ,,& ,,violets4 ,by ,,william ,,cu?b]tson1 ,j4,p41 & ,r4 ,,hoop] ,,pe>son4 #c4 ,,root ,,& ,,/em ,,vegetables4 ,by ,,alex&] ,,dean1 ,v4,m4,h41 ,*airman ( ! ,national ,vegetable ,society4 #d4 ,,daffodils4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,,jacob1 ,secret>y ( ! ,midl& ,daffodil ,society1 ) ,preface by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,,wilks1 ,m4,a41 ,secret>y ( ! ,royal ,horticultural ,society4 #e4 ,,or*ids4 ,by ,,james ,o',,bri51 ,v4,m4,h41 ,secret>y ( ! ,or*id ,committee ( ! ,royal ,horticultural ,society4 #f4 ,,c>nations ,,& ,,p9ks4 ,by ,t4 ,h4 ,,cook1 ,head ,g>d5] to ,que5 ,alex&ra at ,s&r+ham2 ,,james ,,d\glas1 ,v4,m4,h42 & ,j4 ,f4 ,m',,leod1 ,head ,g>d5] to ,mr4 ,j4 ,pi]pont ,morgan4 #g4 ,,rhodod5drons ,,& ,,azaleas4 7,! fir/ popul> volume publi%$ on ?is subject47 ,by ,,william ,,watson1 ,a4,l4,s41 ,curator ( ! ,royal ,botanic ,g>d5s1 ,kew1 ) ,preface by ,sir ,,fr$4 ,w4 ,,moore1 ,m4,a41 ,a4,l4,s41 ,v4,m4,h4 #h4 ,,lilies4 ,by ,a4 ,,grove1 ,f4,l4,s41 ) ,preface by ,h4 ,j4 ,,elwes1 ,f4,r4,s4 #i4 ,,apples ,,& ,,pe>s4 ,by ,,george ,,buny>d1 ,v4,m4,h41 ,*airman ( ,fruit & ,vegetable ,committee ( ,royal ,horticultural ,society4 #aj4 ,,roses4 ,by ,h4 ,r4 ,,d>l+ton1 ,vice-,presid5t ( ,national ,rose ,society4 7,d\ble volume47 #aa4 ,,irises4 ,by ,w4 ,,rickatson ,,dykes1 ,m4,a41 ,l4-es-,l4 ,) ,preface by ,,pr(essor ,i4 ,,bayley ,,balf\r1 ,d4,,sc41 ,f4,r4,s41 c4 #ab4 ,,annuals1 ,,h>dy ,,& ,,half-,,h>dy4 ,by ,c4 ,h4 ,,curtis1 ,hon4 ,sec4 ( ! ,national ,sweet ,pea ,society4 #ac4 ,,*rysan!mums4 ,by ,,?omas ,,/ev5son1 ) *apt]s by ,c4 ,,h>man ,,payne & ,,*>les ,e4 ,,%ea4 #ad4 ,,tulips4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,,jacob4 #ae4 ,,! ,,rock ,,g>d54 ,by ,,reg9ald ,,f>r]1 ,au?or ( ,among ! ,hills1 ,my ,rock ,g>d51 ,9 a ,york%ire ,g>d51 c4 ,^! w be foll[$ by volumes on ,dahlias1 ,climb]s1 ,trees & ,%rubs1 ,paeonies1 ,primulas1 ,w9d[ ,g>d5s1 ,cucumb]s1 ,melons1 ,b$d+ ,plants1 ,h>dy ,h]bace\s ,plants1 ,f]ns1 ,tomatoes1 ,bulb\s ,plants1 ,pea*es & ,nect>9es1 ,v9es1 ,/ove & ,gre5h\se ,plants1 c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i 7,frontispiece7 ,,cyprip$ium ,,insigne ,,s&]ae ,or*ids ,by ,james ,o',bri5 ,) ,eight ,col\r$ ,plates ,illu/ration ,london3 ,t4,c4 ,e4,c4 ,jack #fg ,long ,acre1 w4c41 ,ed9burgh ,,preface ,9 ! e>ly days ( ,or*id cultivation ! idea 0 commonly ent]ta9$ t ^! int]e/+ plants c\ld nev] become popul> ) ! g5]al public1 = ! reason t _! culture involves a great initial outlay & p]man5t exp5se4 ,t su* an idea is incompatible ) ! facts is n[ admitt$ by all ^? :o are mo/ famili> ) ! subject4 ,!re is no dep>tm5t ( ,pres5t-,day g>d5+ t exhibits su* wond]ful progress z is %[n 9 ! ,or*id g>d5s & nurs]ies t are to be f\nd 9 e portion ( ^! ,isles4 ,at ! same "t1 ! popul>isation ( ,or*id culture is only n[ 9 its v comm5cem5t4 ,amateurs are b j beg9n+ to realise t ,or*ids1 l o!r plants1 are capable ( be+ und]/ood by any "o :o really desires to und]/& !m2 &1 :5 once und]/ood1 ! cool species1 at any rate1 are n less tractable ?an common gre5h\se plants4 ,s mu* is ?is ! case t ! au?or ( ! pres5t volume decl>es t ev5 ! h\se-hold]s 9 suburban di/ricts :o h b "o cons]vatory may1 if !y *oose1 keep t /ructure furni%$ ) ,or*ids at a less exp5diture ( "t & money ?an is necess>y = ! ,palms1 ,f]ns1 & o!r species usually employ$ = ! purpose4 ,or*id-gr[+ 9 ! pa/ has be5 look$ ^u too mu* z a craze4 ,ru9\sly high prices h be5 ask$ = novelties1 & collectors h be5 ready en\gh to pay !m 9 ! hope ( obta9+ unique v>ieties4 ,?is fact alone has fright5$ (f av]age p4 ,x is hop$ t ! pres5t volume w induce ?\s&s to comm5ce ! culture ( ! cool] species1 z x cle>ly indicates ! simplicity ( ! cultural pr9ciples :il/ expla9+ 9 full all ! pr9cipal details4 ,?anks to ! exp]im5ts ( =m] work]s1 we are no long] dep5d5t entirely on ! introduction ( plants f o!r c\ntries4 ,se$l+ ,or*ids are rais$ z freely z se$l+ ,fu*sias1 & home-rais$ se$l+s1 z a rule1 ?rive bett] ?an introduc$ species 9 ! artificial cultivation we h to (f] !m4 ,read]s w f9d ! details ( cross-bre$+ & se$-rais+ set out 9 ! foll[+ pages at consid]able l5g?4 ,! au?or is "o ( ! greate/ ,or*id speciali/s ! _w has kn[n4 ,z a practical cultivator 9 ! old ,p9e ,apple ,nurs]ies ( ,messrs4 ,h5d]son1 he _h ! good =tune to fl[] _m species = ! fir/ "t aft] _! introduction1 & ev] s9ce ^? e>ly days he has cont9u$ to specialise 9 ^! plants4 ,he is secret>y ( ! ,or*id ,committee ( ! ,royal ,horticultural ,society1 & 9 #ahig he 0 includ$ 9 ! fir/ sixty horticulturi/s :o 7 select$ to receive ! ,victoria ,m$al ( hon\r 9 commemoration ( ,que5 ,victoria's ,jubilee4 ,our grateful ackn[l$gm5ts are made to ,lieut4-,col4 ,sir ,g4 ,l4 ,hol=d1 ,k4,c4,v4,o41 = 8 k9dness 9 af=d+ u facilities = gett+ ! illu/rations4 ,e plant illu/rat$ is a fir/-rate specim5 ( its k9d1 & all h be5 photograph$ 9 ,sir ,george ,hol=d's collection at ,we/onbirt1 :i* is s well cultivat$ by 8 gr[]1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,alex&]4 ,,! ,,editor4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,introduction1 #a ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,,! ,,rise ,,& ,,progress ,,( ,,or*id ,,culture1 #c ,,ii4 ,,/ructure ,,( ,,or*id ,,fl[]s1 #f ,,iii4 ,,difficulties ,,to ,,ov]come1 #h ,,iv4 ,,/ructure ,,( ,,! ,,or*id ,,h\se1 #i ,v4 ,,! ,,pott+ ,,& ,,basket+ ,,process1 #bb ,,vi4 ,,remov+ ,,useless ,,leaves ,,& ,,bulbs1 #ca ,,vii4 ,,propagation ,,by ,,division1 #cd ,,viii4 ,,wat]+ ,,epiphytal ,,or*ids1 #ce ,,ix4 ,,manures ,,= ,,or*ids1 #ci ,x4 ,,re/+ ,,or*ids1 #dd ,,xi4 ,,specially ,,r>e ,,& ,,valuable ,,plants1 #df ,,xii4 ,,diseases ,,& ,,insect ,,pe/s1 #dg ,,xiii4 ,,p]iodical ,,inspection1 #ej ,,xiv4 ,,or*ids ,,= ,,! ,,cons]vatory1 #eb ,,xv4 ,,or*ids ,,z ,,cut ,,fl[]s1 #ee ,,xvi4 ,,import+ ,,or*ids1 #ei ,,xvii4 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,import$ ,,or*ids1 #fc ,,xviii4 ,,od\rs ,,( ,,or*ids1 #fe ,,xix4 ,,hybridis+ ,,& ,,rais+ ,,se$l+ ,,or*ids1 #fg ,,xx4 ,,enum]ation ,,( ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,g5]a ,,& ,,species ,,9 ,,cultivation1 #ha ,,xxi4 ,,or*id ,,hybrids1 #aji ,,index1 #aaa ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,plate ,i4 ,,cyprip$ium ,,insigne ,,s&]ae1 ,frontispiece ,,page ,,ii4 ,,miltonia ,,vexill>ia1 #ab ,,iii4 ,,d5drobium ,,w>dianum1 #bd ,,iv4 ,,cattleya ,,trianae ,,v>4 ,,hydra1 #dj ,v4 ,,brasso-,,cattleya ,,digbyano-,,mossiae1 #ef ,,vi4 ,,cymbidium ,,l[io-,,eburneum1 #gb ,,vii4 ,,oncidium ,,m>%allianum1 #hh ,,viii4 ,,odontoglossum ,,crispum1 #ajb ,,or*ids ,,introduction ,x is n necess>y "h to trace ! hi/ory ( ,or*id cultivation s9ce its comm5cem5t a c5tury & a half or s ago4 ,! e>li] introductions 7 few & infrequ5t1 b !y probably attract$ z mu* att5tion z ! subjects 9 our g>d5s obta9 to-day4 ,x may be said ( ,or*ids t no class ( plants has s well & consi/5tly su/a9$ ! int]e/ ( cultivators1 :i* is p>tly because few1 if any1 plants h fl[]s t exhibit su* div]sity ( =m1 size1 & col\r+4 ,b ano!r reason = _! popul>ity may be f\nd 9 ! fact t few plants are s easy to cultivate1 if plac$ 9 ! c>e ( a c>eful & e>ne/ cultivator :o applies ! be/ me?ods :i* 8 own exp]i5ce indicates & is will+ to avail himself ( ! help :i* ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs has plac$ )9 8 rea*4 ,upw>ds ( fifty ye>s' cont9u\s exp]i5ce ) ,or*ids h necess>ily pres5t$ to u mu* evid5ce z to ! "r or ! wrong me?ods ( c>ry+ out ! num]\s op]ations connect$ ) _! culture4 ,nev]!less1 x may be said t common s5se is "o ( ! mo/ important factors 9 cultivation1 & ! gr[] :o c>efully ?9ks ov] ! v>i\s problems z !y arise1 &1 pr(it+ by exp]i5ce1 does 8 be/ to avoid =m] failures1 w obta9 a measure ( success f> exce$+ 8 expectations4 ,to ^? :o "k any?+ ab\t ! ord9>y processes ( gr[? & fl[] ! plants tell _! own tale4 ,!y %[ :5 actively gr[+ ! p]iod :5 a reasonable am\nt ( heat & moi/ure is requir$1 &1 on ! completion ( gr[? ( ! decidu\s species & ! turn+ yell[ ( ! leaves1 !y tell j z pla9ly :5 ! re/+ p]iod has arriv$4 ,x is s 9 all ! important /ages ( _! exi/5ce4 ,! ext5t ( ! pres5t "w hav+ be5 det]m9$ by o!rs 9 ! same s]ies1 ! object has be5 to get z mu* useful in=mation into x z possible1 to conf9e ! matt] to practical subjects & to avoid repetition4 ,x has !re=e be5 arrang$ 9 a s]ies ( *apt]s1 ea* deal+ ) an important matt]1 & available = ref]5ce :5 any "q on ! subject crops up 9 ano!r portion ( ! book4 ,%ort notes foll[ on ! pr9cipal g5]a kn[n 9 g>d5s1 b ! cultural rem>ks may be supplem5t$ by ref]5ce to ! cultural *apt]s4 ,any?+ l an enum]ation ( ! m important species c\ld n be attempt$4 ,s also 9 ! matt] ( hybrid ,or*ids1 ! "q is discuss$ 9 two *apt]s deal+ ) ! practical "q ( rais+ se$l+s1 b only slight ref]5ce c\ld be made to ! species us$ 9 hybridis+ or to ! num]\s hybrids !mselves4#a ,! amateur :o engages 9 ,or*id culture & 9 ! rais+ ( se$l+s w f9d t practice makes ma/]4 ,x is 9 indicat+ ! l9es on :i* ! practice may be be/ pursu$ t1 x is hop$1 ?is book may s]ve a useful purpose4 ,footnote #a3 ,read]s may be ref]r$ to ,li/ ( ,or*id ,hybrids1 publi%$ by ,f4 ,s&] & ,sons4 ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,rise ,,& ,,progress ,,( ,,or*id ,,culture ,! fir/ tropical ,or*id to fl[] 9 ! ,briti% ,isles appe>s to h be5 ,bletia v]ecunda 7,hellebor9e am]icana71 figur$ 9 ,hi/oria ,plantorum ,r>iorum1 #agbh-agce4 ,x bloom$ 9 #agcb on a plant receiv$ by ,pet] ,coll9son f ! ,bahamas 9 ! previ\s ye>4 ,9 succession to ?is appe>$ ,cyprip$ium spectabile & "o or two o!r ,nor? ,am]ican ,cyprip$iums2 ,vanilla aromatica1 & a few o!r species1 *iefly t]re/rial ,or*ids4 ,9 #aghi ,aiton's ,hortus ,kew5sis enum]at$ fifte5 species ( exotic ,or*ids z be+ 9 cultivation at ,kew1 ! tropical species be+ ,bletia v]ecunda1 ,epid5drum fragrans1 ,epid5drum co*leatum1 & ,phaius gr&ifolius4 ,at ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury ab\t fifty exotic species 7 record$4 ,at t "t mo/ ( ! ,or*ids 7 import$ only to p]i% z a consequ5ce ( ! unsuitable conditions 9 :i* !y 7 gr[n4 ,! plants 7 pott$ 9 ! mo/ unlikely mat]ials1 su* z decay$ wood1 sawdu/1 loam1 tann]'s b>k1 or any o!r mat]ial :i* ! cultivator ?\ght w\ld be useful 9 prev5t+ ! excessive mortality among 8 plants2 b 9 all cases ! *ances ( success 7 disc\nt$ by ! plants be+ plac$ ne> hot flues1 or plung$ 9 tan or b>k b$s4 ,x 0 ?\ght t a great success _h be5 atta9$ if a plant bloom$ once be=e x di$4 ,! ye> #ahjj may be said to be ! real />t+-po9t ( rational ,or*id culture1 al?\gh1 ev5 9 ! e>li] "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ! old traditions /ill h9d]$ progress4 ,9 #ahjj ,a]ides odoratum 0 introduc$1 ?is be+ ! fir/ ,ea/ ,indian ,or*id cultivat$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,9 #ahag ,sir ,joseph ,banks br\ght ab\t ! cultivation ( epiphytal ,or*ids 9 light1 wick] baskets :i* 7 susp5d$ 9 ! ,or*id h\se or /ove2 ?is is "o ( ! mo/ notewor?y ev5ts 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,or*id cultivation4 ,9 #ahah ,cattleya labiata appe>$1 & ab\t ! same "t ,cyprip$ium insigne1 :i* has n[ two or ?ree hundr$ v>ieties t en?usia/s consid] suffici5tly di/9ct to be> v>ietal names4 ,disa gr&iflora & ,oncidium ,papilio appe>$ 9 #ahbe1 :5 ab\t #ahj species ( tropical ,or*ids 7 9 cultivation 9 ! ,horticultural ,society's ,g>d5s4 ,?is ,society gave a great impetus to ,or*id culture by s5d+ out collectors into di/ant l&s1 & ,dr4 ,l9dley1 :il/ ,editor ( ! ,g>d5]s' ,*ronicle1 play$ a no less important "p 9 /udy+ & record+ ! species z !y 7 receiv$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! int]e/ 9 ,or*id import+ gradually spread1 & f ! "t :5 ,alan ,cunn+ham s5t home ,au/ralian ,or*ids 9 #ahce ! int]e/ has nev] flagg$1 ! fam\s ,or*id collectors1 ,lobb1 ,g>dn]1 ,sk9n]1 ,h>tweg1 ,gibson1 & o!rs1 s5d+ consignm5ts f "t to "t f v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w4 ,! fir/ attempts to gr[ ,or*ids 9 a reasonably l[ temp]ature 7 made 9 ! fir/ half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 "o ( ! fir/ to grasp ! tru? 9 ?is direction be+ ,joseph ,coop]1 :o 0 g>d5] to ,e>l ,fitzwilliam at ,w5twor?4 ,b a consid]able "t elaps$ be=e ! m rational treatm5t1 :i* meant less artificial heat & m v5tilation1 became g5]al4 ,! culture 0 fur!r improv$ by ! introduction ( ! hot-wat] sy/em ( heat+ ,or*id h\ses1 a me?od :i* is n[ almo/ p]fect & has done m to fur!r ,or*id-gr[+ ?an any?+ else4 ,! spread ( in=mation respect+ ! climatic conditions ( ! c\ntries 9 :i* ! plants 7 collect$ also help$ cultivators 9 ?is c\ntry1 & ! articles publi%$ 9 ! ,g>d5]s' ,*ronicle 9 #ahea by ! late ,b4 ,s4 ,williams1 & subsequ5t articles by o!r exp]ts1 7 ( great s]vice4 ,! latt] half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 0 ! mo/ important era 9 ! developm5t ( ,or*id cultivation4 ,a rem>kable feature 0 ! beg9n+ ( t indu/ry :i* has n[ atta9$ su* widespread popul>ity1 namely1 ! rais+ ( hybrid ,or*ids f se$4 ,! fir/ hybrid ,or*id1 ,calan! x ,dom9yi 7obta9$ f a cross betwe5 ,c4 furcata & ,c4 ,masuca71 fl[]$ ) ,messrs4 ,james ,veit* ,sons 9 ,octob] #ahef4 ,! same firm subsequ5tly produc$ _m f9e hybrid ,calan!s1 ,phalanopsis1 ,cattleyas1 ,laelias1 & ,laeliocattleyas4 ,_m ( ^! are n[ /&>d g>d5 plants1 :il/ ! "w ( hybridis+ & rais+ hybrid ,or*ids has become g5]al4 ,ano!r notable ev5t 9 ,or*id culture dur+ ! p]iod m5tion$ 0 ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,cool-h\se or ,odontoglossum ,section ( ,or*id ,culture4 ,9 #ahfc1 ,weir1 ,blunt1 & ,s*lim w5t to ,new ,granada 9 se>* ( ,odontoglossums1 & !y 7 successful 9 introduc+ plants ( ,odontoglossum crispum 7,alex&rae71 collect$ above ,bogota4 ,^! collectors also contribut$ to our k ( ! prop] me?ods ( cultivat+ cool ,or*ids4 ,s ?+s h gone on until our own days4 ,or*ids hold "o ( ! mo/ important places 9 g>d5s1 & su* g5]a z ,odontoglossums & ,cyprip$iums are s popul> t !y are cultivat$ on an ext5sive scale ev5 by _m :o d n c>e to gr[ a g5]al collection ( ,or*ids4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,/ructure ,,( ,,or*id ,,fl[]s ,mo/ p are famili> ) ! regul> arrangem5t ( ! segm5ts ( ! fl[]s ( ,am>yllids & ,lilies1 ) _! prom95t pi/ils & an!rs4 ,! fir/ /age 9 ! advance ( ! ,or*id family is %[n 9 ! ,apo/asieae1 compris+ ,apo/asia1 ,neuwi$ia & ,adactylus1 9 :i* ! p]ian? segm5ts are m or less regul> & ! an!rs 9 "s degree prom95t1 ,neuwi$ia1 ) its free /am5s & prom95t /yle1 appe>+ at fir/ sight ne>] to "s ( ! ,am>yllids ?an to ! ,or*ideae commonly se5 9 g>d5s4 ,! ,cyprip$ieae1 al?\gh s widely sep>at$ f o!r sections z to sugge/ t 9 ! op]ations ( nature a va/ numb] ( connect+ types mu/ h become ext9ct1 is ! next /ep1 ! labellum be+ =m$ into a p\* ) infold$ side lobes4 ,! column has a prom95t /am9ode ) two f]tile an!rs bel[ x1 "o on ea* side ( ! column & beh9d ! /igmatic plate4 ,! upp] sepal is frequ5tly ! %[ie/ feature 9 ! fl[]2 ! l[] sepals are jo9$ & arrang$ beh9d ! lip1 :il/ ! petals ext5d on ea* side & v>y mu* 9 =m4 ,9 g>d5s1 ! :ole ( ! g5us is kn[n z ,cyprip$ium1 al?\gh ! ,s\? ,am]ican species 7,sel5ip$ium71 hav+ a ?ree-cell$ ov>y1 diff] widely f ! "o-cell$ ,ea/ ,indian & ,malayan species1 & o!r sections h su* m>k$ & consi/5t botanical diff]5ces z to w>rant ! botani/ 9 sep>at+ !m "u diff]5t sub-g5]ic names4 ,! ?ird section ( ,or*idae1 ! l>ge/ family ( ! ,monocotyl$ons1 =ms ! *ief class ( ,or*ids z !y are kn[n 9 g>d5s4 ,9 ?is class ! /am5s & /yle unite into a column1 & at ! top ( ! column ! poll5 masses are situat$2 ^! are cov]$ by ! an!r-cap1 & 9 a cavity is ! /igma ) its viscid surface to receive ! poll5 gra9s4 ,s div]se & intricate are ! =ms ( ! fl[]s1 & especially labellums1 t !re is little d\bt t insect aid is necess>y 9 _! natural habitats to br+ ab\t poll9ation4 ,x has be5 prov$ by ! op]ations c>ri$ out 9 cross-f]tilisation 9 g>d5s t no class ( plants c be s readily cross$ "u artificial conditions4 ,x is n necess>y "h to g fur!r into /ructural details1 z ! peculi>ities ( ea* section w be rem>k$ on "u _! diff]5t head+s4 ,b x may be said t 9 :at are call$ abnormal fl[]s1 :i* h p]fect /am5s & /yle1 c be se5 in/ances sugge/+ ! evolution>y process2 ^! w\ld be m common b = ! numb] ( connect+ l9ks :i* h dropp$ out 9 ! great /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,difficulties ,,to ,,ov]come ,"s ( ! difficulties :i* ! cultivator ( ,or*ids has to cont5d aga9/ arise f ! fact t 8 h\ses h to accommodate plants :i* h be5 br\ght f widely sep>at$ c\ntries1 or f diff]5t altitudes 9 ! same region4 ,!y !re=e require v diff]5t cultural conditions1 especially 9 ! matt] ( temp]ature4 ,consid]ation ( ! climatic conditions "u :i* ! plants are f\nd gr[+ 9 _! native habitats is v helpful to all engag$ 9 ,or*id culture4 ,_m problems h already be5 work$ out by ! exp]i5ce ( cultivators1 b "s ( ! conclusions h be5 arriv$ at only aft] co/ly failures4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( ,or*id culture1 be=e ! adv5t ( ! mod]n ,or*id h\se ) its improv$ me?ods ( v5tilation & means = ! promotion ( humidity1 ! great mortality among cultivat$ ,or*ids 0 caus$ by excessive heat & dr\ght4 ,ev5 at ! pres5t day m mis*ief is done by excessive heat ?an by cold treatm5t4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,/ructure ,,( ,,! ,,or*id ,,h\se ,s f> z ! improvem5ts 9 pres5t-day ,or*id h\ses are conc]n$1 ^! are n due to ! imag9ation ( ! horticultural build]1 b to ! exp]i5ce ( ! ,or*id gr[]4 ,x is ow+ to him t ! old-"t glass sides1 ) _! h+$ v5tilators on a level ) ! plants1 & _m o!r h>mful arrangem5ts1 h be5 ab&on$4 ,mod]ately l[1 span-ro($ h\ses1 ext5d+ nor? & s\? = pref]5ce--al?\gh ! aspect does n seem to be ( vital importance--are ! be/1 ! sides be+ :olly ( brick1 & also ! ends ( all b ! l>ge h\ses1 9 :i* ! upp] "p may be =m$ ( wood & glass4 ,! top v5tilation %\ld be admitt$ ?r\gh v5tilators plac$ at ! highe/ po9t ( ! ridge1 & !y are usually work$ by a cont9u\s sy/em manipulat$ at "o end4 ,! l[] v5tilators %\ld be small ones fix$ 9 ! brick-"w at ! sides ( ! h\se1 & !y may be arrang$ to be regulat$ f ! outside1 or by means ( rods atta*$ to ! flaps on ! inside & rea*+ to ! pa?1 be+ c>ri$ b5ea? ! /ag+4 ,! natural e>? is ! be/ base = an ,or*id h\se1 & op5 wood-"w trellises plac$ on ! natural e>? are f> pref]able to til$ pa?s1 !re=e _! use is /rongly recomm5d$4 ,b5ea? ! c5tral /age1 f end to end1 deep tanks ) cem5t$ int]ior %\ld be provid$1 because ra9-wat] is ess5tial = wat]+ ! plants4 ,to create a good appe>ance1 n>r[1 ornam5tal rock]ies may be arrang$ at ! edge ( ! side /ag+ & b5ea? x1 & 9 any "p ( ! basem5t available4 ,^! %\ld be plant$ ) ,begonias1 ,tradescantias1 su* f]ns z are n likely to be attack$ by ?rips1 ,selag9ellas1 ,fittonias1 & ,ficus rep5s1 :i* are n liable to attacks f insects1 :il/ _! pres5ce t5ds to pres]ve a heal?y atmosph]e 9 ! h\se4 ,! rock]ies b5ea? ! /ag+ %\ld n be built high en\gh to ob/ruct ! passage ( ! heat f ! hot-wat] pip+1 a rise ( "o foot f ! gr\nd level be+ suffici5t4 ,9 ! w>m-h\se1 ,eu*>is gr&iflora & o!r species ( ,eu*>is2 ,hym5ocallis & ,pancratiums1 ?rive & bloom well b5ea? ! /ag+4 ,! inside ( ! ro( %\ld be wir$ = susp5d+ baskets conta9+ ,or*ids1 & ?is %\ld be done be=e ! plants are plac$ 9 ! h\se4 ,z reg>ds ! =m ( /ructure1 comp>atively l[1 span-ro($ h\ses1 ) brick sides rea*+ to ! eaves1 & no side glass1 are ! be/1 ! ends be+ ( brick up to ! height ( ! side walls1 ! rema9+ "p runn+ up to ! ridge1 9 all b v small h\ses1 be+ =m$ ( wood & glass4 ,if sev]al h\ses are built1 spaces %\ld be left betwe5 ea* h\se1 & no two or m h\ses %\ld be built ) p>tition walls1 = ^! prev5t ! necess>y side v5tilation4 ,a h\se ( #ajj feet or s 9 l5g? %\ld h a division midway 9 its l5g?1 :i* = "s purposes gives ! advantages ( two h\ses4 ,pit*-p9e or teak1 be+ durable1 are good woods = ! wood-"w1 &1 9 any case1 ! use ( *eap1 s(t timb] %\ld be avoid$4 ,9 glaz+1 only a ?9 b$d+ ( putty %\ld be us$1 & ! glass %\ld be bradd$ on ! upp] side1 z top putty :5 decay+ or on becom+ loose is worse ?an useless1 & t5ds s]i\sly to f\l ! wat] 9 ! ci/]ns4 ,span-ro($ h\ses #ab feet to #ae feet wide1 & ( proportionate elevation1 are suitable = ord9>y ,or*ids1 b if specim5 plants are desir$ a l(ti] h\se w be necess>y4 ,a range ( h\ses %\ld1 if possible1 be connect$ at ! end :i* is mo/ expos$ to ! nor? & nor?-ea/ w9ds by a corridor or cov]$ /ructure1 9 :i* ! pott+-%$ /ores & entrance to ! boil] hold %\ld be arrang$4 ,! greate/ c>e mu/ be tak5 t no fumes f ! heat+ app>atus c f9d _! way into ei!r ! corridor1 pott+-%$s1 or plant-h\ses1 or ! plants w suff] ! wor/ consequ5ces4 ,safety c easily be assur$ by ?or\ghly v5tilat+ ! /oke-hold & mak+ ! p>tition betwe5 ! corridor or (fices & ! /oke-hold z air-tight z possible4 ,! wood-"w1 :5 ( pit*-p9e or o!r h>d wood plan$ smoo?1 may be oil$ or v>ni%$1 pa9t+ be+ undesirable = new h\ses4 ,9 c\rse ( "t1 h[ev]1 pa9t+ has to be resort$ to1 & x is "o ( ! mo/ try+ op]ations ab\t ! ,or*id h\ses4 ,great c>e has to be tak5 to obta9 a reliable quality ( pa9t t w n h>m ! plants1 & to keep ! h\se vacant = z long a "t z possible = ! gases f ! pa9t to escape4 ,aft] ! plants are return$ to ! h\se "s v5tilation mu/ be ma9ta9$ day & night = a "t4 ,t> %\ld n be us$ inside an ,or*id h\se = any purpose4 ,,! ,,/ag+ ,! /ag+ mu/ be arrang$ accord+ to ! wid? ( ! h\se4 ,n>r[ h\ses may be provid$ ) a /age on ea* side & a pa? ?r\gh ! c5tre4 ,o!r /ructures ( suffici5t wid? %\ld be furni%$ ) a side /age measur+ #d feet to #d feet #f in*es 9 wid?1 & a c5tral /age on a some:at high] level1 & ris+ 9 /eps to ! middle & highe/ po9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii ,,miltonia ,,vexill>ia ,,empress ,,augu/a ,,victoria 7,?is specim51 cultivat$ f a s+le gr[?1 bore #abf fl[]s47 ,iron frame-"w is ! be/1 because x is clean & almo/ inde/ructible4 ,! uprights re/+ on ! floor %\ld be fix$ 9 metal sauc]s1 :i*1 if kept fill$ ) wat]1 (f] great ob/acles to insects asc5d+ f ! floor4 ,! op5 wood-"w re/+ on ! iron frames1 & on :i* ! plants are to /&1 %\ld be ( teak or pit*-p9e1 & arrang$ trellis-l4 ,= "s ye>s pa/ x has be5 ! practice to h a close1 moi/ure-hold+ /age ( slate1 or tiles1 b5ea? ! upp] & op5 wood-"w /age4 ,x 0 an inv5tion ( my own :5 adapt+ an ord9>y plant-h\se ) a slate /age to receive "o ( ! e>lie/ importations ( ,odontoglossum crispum4 ,! exi/+ slate /age 0 made wat]-tight at ! jo9ts1 & a fillet ( cem5t 0 run along ! back2 ! surface 0 !n cov]$ ) clean %+le1 & home-made trellises1 rais$ on bricks 9 ?ree levels1 7 plac$ along ! close /ag+ to receive ! plants4 ,x prov$ a great success1 & 9 ! same h\se ! small1 bottom v5tilators1 ! fir/ ( _! k9d1 b :i* h n[ become g5]al1 7 an equally good innovation4 ,at t "t1 & = _m ye>s aft]w>ds1 ! floor+ ( ,or*id h\ses 0 seal$ by concrete or h>d tiles1 & ! moi/ure-hold+ l[] /age 0 necess>y to give a reasonable am\nt ( evaporat+ surface4 ,m rec5tly x has occurr$ to _m ( u t a moi/ure-giv+ surface might be obta9$ f ! natural e>?1 if ! e>? 0 left ei!r 9 its natural /ate or 0 giv5 a coat+ ( coke-breeze or simil> por\s mat]ial1 & trellises us$ = ! pa?s4 ,9 a simil> way provision _h to be made = ! second object ( ! close /age1 namely1 ! *eck+ ( ! direct upw>d heat f ! hot-wat] pipes4 ,?is has be5 done v effectively 9 "s g>d5s by arrang+ a mu* less elaborate & co/ly means ?an ! full1 close /ag+ g5]ally 9 use4 ,an iron frame is plac$ midway betwe5 ! hot-wat] pipes & ! /ag+ on :i* ! plants re/2 a %elf ( corrugat$ iron1 slate1 or tiles1 ext5ds f ! back to ab\t half ! wid? ( ! side /ag+1 its inn] edge be+ ab\t midway 9 ! space b5ea? ! /ag+1 & an in* or s ( space is left betwe5 ! back ( ! %elf & ! wall ( ! h\se to all[ "s ( ! heat f ! pipes to pass t way1 ! great] "p be+ div]t$ t[>ds ! middle ( ! h\se by ! int]v5tion ( ! %elf :i* is cov]$ ) turf or "s o!r moi/ure-hold+ mat]ial4 ,?is is kept cont9ually moi/ by frequ5t syr++s dur+ ! w>m season1 :5 pl5ty ( moi/ure 9 ! air is requir$4 ,9 arrang+ new h\ses hav+ ! natural e>? = a floor1 ?is plan is less exp5sive & altoge!r pref]able to ! =mal1 close /ag+ ( full wid?1 :i*1 h[ev]1 %\ld /ill be reta9$ 9 adapt+ ord9>y plant-h\ses already provid$ ) a til$ or cem5t$ base1 unless x is conv5i5t to remove ! tiles & re/ore ! natural e>? surface4 ,9 arrang+ ! /ag+1 "o ess5tial object has to be kept 9 view1 namely1 t no "p ( x %all be out ( easy rea*2 = v wide /ages are apt to cause ! plants 9 ! back r[s to suff] neglect4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,heat+ ,9 ^! progressive times x is n well to lay d[n h>d-&-fa/ rules ) reg>d to ! be/ type ( appliance4 ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 be urg$ t e ,or*id h\se ought to be heat$ ) hot wat]1 &1 t 9 all cases #d-;in* pip+ %\ld be us$1 ! radiation ( heat f t size be+ mu* m g5tle & equal ?an f small] pipes4 ,bottom heat by means ( pip+ "u clos$-9 b$s ( cocoa-nut fibre1 or any o!r mat]ial1 is bad1 al?\gh1 9 a v slight degree1 "s arrangem5t ( ! k9d may be ( assi/ance 9 ! h\se devot$ to rais+ se$l+s4 ,if x is us$1 an outlet mu/ be provid$ = ! inevitable moi/ure ?us rais$ s t x w n cond5se & fall on ! plants4 ,= small h\ses or blocks ( h\ses1 ! old saddle boil] 9 "s =m is all t c be desir$2 & !re are sev]al =ms ( sl[-combu/ion boil]s :i* may be set almo/ on ! surface ( ! gr\nd outside ! h\se1 & ^! are satisfactory4 ,= blocks ( h\ses ! ,engli% =m ( sectional boil] is "o ( ! v be/2 9 l>ge blocks duplicate sets ( ?is patt]n1 or any o!r type t may be select$1 %\ld be set d[n1 z x provides means ( heat+ ! h\ses if ! ord9>y boil] happ5s to fail4 ,x is always bett] to provide m p[] ?an may appe> absolutely necess>y1 & "w x at l[ pressure1 ?an to h b>ely suffici5t p[] & "w x h>d dur+ sev]e wea!r1 z ! heat diffus$ 9 ! latt] case is h>mful4 ,be=e decid+ on ! means ( heat+ to be employ$1 x w\ld be well to pay a visit to "s ( ! collections not$ = ! excell5t condition ( _! plants1 & inspect ! appliances & _! arrangem5t4 ,mo/ ,or*id gr[]s1 :e!r 9 private e/abli%m5ts or nurs]ies1 are will+ to assi/ amateurs 9 ^! matt]s4 ,:5 ! app>atus has be5 got into work+ ord]1 te/s %\ld be made to ensure an equal di/ribution ( ! heat f ! pip+4 ,if a draught ( hot air to any "p ( ! h\se f b5ea? ! /ag+ is obs]v$1 x is a good plan to build up op5ly-laid scre5s or brick walls #d-a_/b in*es ?ick1 ! lay]s ( brick be+ plac$ s t !re is half ! l5g? ( ! brick op5+ betwe5 ea* brick & ! next to x4 ,:]e !re is a suffici5t comm& ( heat1 ^! op5ly-laid brick walls1 )\t mort>1 built up bel[ ! side /ag+ & runn+ p>allel ) ! edge ( x1 if !y are syr+$ frequ5tly1 assi/ mat]ially 9 pres]v+ a heal?y moi/ure 9 ! h\se4 ,,temp]ature ,"o ( ! mo/ important matt]s 9 ,or*id cultivation is to see t a l[] temp]ature is ma9ta9$ at night ?an 9 ! day4 ,no?+ is m injuri\s to ! plants ?an to be kept 9 a high temp]ature at night1 nor is any?+ m contr>y to natural conditions4 ,all :o h travell$ 9 ! c\ntries f :5ce ,or*ids h be5 import$ te/ify to ! great diff]5ce betwe5 ! temp]ature dur+ ! day & t exp]i5c$ at night1 ! diff]5ce 9 "s p>ts be+ t betwe5 an excessively hot day & a *illy night & e>ly morn+4 ,^! cool conditions at night are absolutely necess>y = ! well-be+ ( ! plants1 & 9 _! abs5ce ! plants suff] z d human be+s dur+ ! progress ( a heat-wave1 :i* (t5 kills _m p4 ,!re=e x mu/ be urg$ t at night ! temp]ature mu/ be f #e deg4 to #aj deg4 ,fahr5heit l[] ?an ! day temp]atures4 ,?is condition is difficult to get dur+ hot wea!r1 b x is necess>y4 ,al?\gh a scale ( temp]atures ?r\gh\t ! ye> mu/ n be tak5 to mean t a little m heat may n be all[$ occasionally--z1 = in/ance1 by sun-heat1 :i* is b5eficial--nev]!less x is bett] to h a scale to =m a basis1 & especially to emphasise ! l[] temp]ature at night4 ,table ( ,temp]atures = ,or*id ,h\ses ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,mon?s4 ,w>m ,h\se1 ,cattleya or ,cool or ,ea/ ,indian4 ,int]m$iate ,h\se4 ,odontoglossum ,h\se4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,day4 ,night4 ,day4 ,night4 ,day4 ,night4 ,janu>y #fe-gj #fj #fj-fe #ee #ej-ee #de ,febru>y #fe-gj #fj #fj-fe #ee #ej-ee #de ,m>* #fe-gj #fj #fj-fe #ee #ee-fj #ej ,april #fe-gj #fj #fj-fe #ee #ee-fj #ej ,may #gj-ge #fe #fe-gj #fj #fj-fe #ee ,june #ge-hj #fe #gj-ge #fj #fj-fe #ee ,july #ge-he #fe #gj-hj #fe #fj-gj #ee ,augu/ #ge-he #fe #gj-hj #fe #fj-gj #ee ,septemb] #ge-hj #fe #gj-ge #fj #fj-fe #ee ,octob] #gj-ge #fe #fe-gj #fj #fj-fe #ee ,novemb] #fe-gj #fj #fj-fe #ee #ee-fj #ej ,decemb] #fe-gj #fj #fj-fe #ee #ej-ee #de ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,degrees ,fahr5heit4 ,! high] day temp]ature %\ld be obta9$ by sun-heat :5 possible4 ,fur!r rem>ks on ?is & o!r details w be f\nd "u ! head+s ( ! diff]5t g5]a1 b x w be bett] n[ to /ate 9 g5]al t]ms t dur+ ! season ( active gr[? any reasonably high temp]ature by sun-heat1 secur$ by keep+ ! h\se tol]ably close & well %ad$1 greatly b5efits ! plants4 ,?is is specially noticeable :]e bat*es ( ,d5drobium nobile1 ,d4 ,w>dianum1 & o!r decidu\s ,d5drobiums are gr[n4 ,^? :o gr[ !m be/ all[ ! h\se conta9+ ! plants to become v w>m2 !y remove ! %ad+ e>ly 9 ! aft]noon 9 ord] to let ! plants get ! longe/ duration ( light possible1 & !y keep ! h\se v moi/ until ! ev5+4 ,,! ,,s+le ,,or*id ,,h\se ,x is d\btful :e!r ! own] ( a l>ge collection ( ,or*ids gets a great] am\nt ( pleasure ?an ! beg9n] />t+ ) b "o ,or*id h\se1 provid$ ! own] ( ! s+le /ructure is c>eful 9 select+ 8 plants4 ,9 cases :]e only "o ,or*id h\se is possible1 & a m or less g5]al collection ( plants is desir$1 t h\se %\ld be heat$ z an int]m$iate h\se4 ,! s+le ,or*id h\se has (t5 be5 ! />t+-po9t ( m ext5sive culture4 ,x is g5]ally comm5c$ by utilis+ an exi/+ plant-h\se1 9 "s cases1 un=tunately1 )\t mak+ ! necess>y prep>ation = ! new occupants4 ,:5 x has be5 decid$ to adapt a h\se = ,or*ids1 ! prop] c\rse is to cle> ! h\se ( its cont5ts1 ?or\ghly ov]haul ! int]ior fitt+s1 su* z /ag+1 c41 & make any alt]ations necess>y4 ,! heat+ app>atus %\ld be regulat$1 &1 above all1 ! be/ possible provision mu/ be made = cat*+ & /or+ ra9-wat]1 ev5 if ?is necessitates ! provid+ ( a brick & cem5t tank b5ea? ! /ag+4 ,if ! exi/+ floor 9 ! h\se is ( concrete or tiles1 or any simil> mat]ial1 x mu/ be remov$1 leav+ ! natural e>? = ! surface ( ! basem5t1 & provid+ a wood-trellis = walk+ on 9 spaces betwe5 ! /ages4 ,let ! h\se be ?or\ghly cleans$ & pa9t$1 & aft] a %ort "t has elaps$ x w be ready to receive ! plants4 ,9 su* a h\se heat$ z a cool1 int]m$iate h\se1 ) a m9imum temp]ature ( #ej deg4 to #fj deg4 ,fahr4 9 w9t]1 a l>ge numb] ( %[y ,or*ids c be gr[n successfully4 ,^? species :i* require great heat %\ld be c>efully avoid$1 =1 al?\gh cool-h\se ,or*ids are easily manag$ 9 a h\se w>m] ?an is necess>y = !m1 ! hot-h\se k9ds usually fail 9 a temp]ature :i* is too l[ to all[ ( _! mak+ gr[? "u fav\rable conditions4 ,9 su* an int]m$iate h\se ! ,odontoglossums1 ,masdevallias & o!r fav\rite cool-h\se ,or*ids c be gr[n successfully1 if arrang$ 9 ! cool] "p ( ! h\se & c>efully wat]$4 ,! ,cattleyas1 ,laelias1 & ! g>d5 hybrids %\ld be plac$ on ! /ag+ 9 ! middle ( ! h\se1 well up to ! light2 ! ,brazilian ,oncidiums1 ,sophronitis gr&iflora1 & ,/anhopeas %\ld be susp5d$ f ! ro( ( ! h\se1 b 9 su* positions z w avoid plac+ !m ov] ! plants on ! side /ag+4 ,! ,odontoglossums & ,co*liodas may be accommodat$ on ! side /ag+ 9 ! cool] & moi/] "p ( ! h\se4 ,9 su* a h\se all ! v>ieties ( ,cyprip$ium insigne1 ,c4 ,spic]ianum1 ,c4 ,*>leswor?ii1 & all ! gre5-leaf$ section kn[n z ,sel5ip$iums1 w ?rive admirably1 & a v l>ge selection ( o!r %[y ,or*ids1 includ+ ,zygopetalums2 b aga9 ,i w\ld say t species :i* are usually reg>d$ z w>m-h\se ,or*ids mu/ be reject$4 ,,%ad+ ,x %\ld be di/9ctly und]/ood t e ,or*id h\se ne$s to be fitt$ ) prop] means ( %ad+1 ext5d+ ov] ! :ole ro( & removable :5 necess>y4 ,"s cultivators ?9k !y meet ! case by provid+ %ad+ only on ! sunny side1 or by pa9t+ ! glass ) "s k9d ( prep>ation m or less 9 ! nature ( :itewa%4 ,su* prep>ations %\ld nev] be us$1 because1 :5 ?is is once plac$ on ! glass1 ! %ade1 su* z x is1 is !re 9 dull z well z bright wea!r1 9 ! night "t z well z ! day1 & = ! great] "p ( ! "t1 especially 9 dull seasons1 x ob/ructs light :i* is necess>y = ! prop] developm5t ( ! plants4 ,ano!r important objection to _! use is t %ad+ giv5 by ^! wa%es we>s (f & leaves ! plants expos$ to ! full sunlight4 ,! sub/ance is wa%$ (f by ! ra9s & c>ri$ into ! ra9-wat] tanks1 ?us caus+ injuries to ! plants wat]$ ) ! pollut$ wat]1 & r5d]+ unsightly ! foliage moi/5$ ) x4 ,prop] bl9ds runn+ on iron or wood5 supports1 rais+ !m well above ! glass ( ! ro(1 are absolutely necess>y4 ,la? roll] bl9ds are excell5t = %ad+1 be+ durable1 clean1 & easily let d[n & drawn up4 ,light canvas or scrim %ad+ fix$ to roll] bl9ds answ]s ! purpose well1 b c>e %\ld be tak5 n to employ heavy1 closely wov5 canvas4 ,too great att5tion _c be paid to ! work+ ( ^! bl9ds1 = !y mu/ nev] be d[n except :5 requir$ = protection aga9/ ! sun's rays1 & !y mu/ be drawn up dur+ dull int]vals4 ,! bl9ds are useful also dur+ sev]e w9t]s z a protection aga9/ excessive cold at nights1 & 9 ?is p>ticul> ! la? roll] bl9ds are ! be/1 & may be left 9 position :]e !y are likely to be requir$ = ?is purpose4 ,:5 canvas bl9ds are us$ dur+ ! summ] & remov$ 9 late autumn1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to h !m p]fectly dry be=e !y are /or$ = ! w9t] 9 "s dry place1 or !y w be useless :5 !y are requir$ = plac+ 9 position ! foll[+ spr+4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,pott+ ,,& ,,basket+ ,,process ,we are (t5 ask$ :at season is ! be/ = pott+ & basket+ ,or*ids4 ,exp]i5c$ gr[]s say t1 ) ! exception ( ! w9t] season1 !y are engag$ 9 pott+ op]ations all ! ye> r\nd1 pott+ ea* section z x requires x4 ,spr+time is a p]iod :5 a g5]al ov]haul ( ! plants is usual1 &1 at t "t1 plants requir+ x %\ld be repott$1 b ^? :i* are n 9 ! prop] condition1 or :i* are %[+ fl[]-spikes1 %\ld be all[$ to rema9 until _! fl[]+ "t has pass$4 ,z a g5]al rule1 x may be said t ! be/ "t to p]=m ! op]ation is soon aft] ! fl[]+ season has pass$1 & t no plant %\ld be repott$ unless x really requires x2 b any plant :i* has become 9 a bad condition 9 ! pot by be+ 9 unsuitable mat]ial %\ld be repott$ at once1 no matt] :at season x may be4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to use ! pots & crocks 9 a ?or\ghly clean condition4 ,brok5 crocks are g5]ally us$ = dra9age1 al?\gh !y are n n[ plac$ 9 ! pots to ! dep? ( "o-half or m1 z !y us$ to be4 ,! dep? ( ! crocks v>ies f ab\t "o-?ird 9 ,cyprip$iums & t]re/rial ,or*ids g5]ally1 to a r great] dep? = ,cattleyas1 ,laelias1 & simil> ,or*ids1 ! dep? ( crocks also be+ v>i$ accord+ to ! d5sity ( ! mat]ial us$1 few] crocks be+ necess>y :5 a mixture ( ,osmunda fibre1 or o!r mat]ial :i* lets ! wat] ?r\gh quickly1 is employ$ 9 place ( peat4 ,s& & cru%$ crocks or pot%]ds are us$ by _m = mix+ ) ! pott+ mat]ial1 b !y may easily be disp5s$ )1 or us$ only 9 v small quantities4 ,turfy loam c>efully brok5 up & mix$ 9 suitable proportions ) peat & ,sphagnum-moss1 or ,osmunda1 or ,polypodium fibre1 is necess>y = ,cyprip$iums1 ! proportion ( loam be+ greate/ = ! /rong]-gr[+ plants2 c]ta9 ,sel5ip$iums & ,cyprip$iums require q "o-half ( t +r$i5t4 ,"s good gr[]s use loam fibre ) a spr9kl+ ( leaves & brok5 crocks entirely = ,cyprip$ium insigne & o!rs ( ! gre5-leaf$ class1 & also = ,calan!s1 ,phaius1 ,zygopetalums1 & o!r plants4 ,9 prep>+ ! peat = use 9 pott+1 ! brack5 rhizomes %\ld be set aside to place z a lay] ov] ! crocks1 ) a little ,sphagnum-moss4 ,brack5 rhizomes h be5 us$ ) advantage in/ead ( crocks to =m dra9age = ,odontoglossums1 & "s gr[]s l x s mu* = t purpose t ! horticultural sundriesm5 supply x /]ilis$ 9 bags4 ,! me?ods ( pott+ & *oice ( mat]ial v>y ) diff]5t gr[]s1 ea* pursu+ 9 "s matt]s diff]5t me?ods to ^? obs]v$ by o!rs4 ,x is desirable t an ,or*id gr[] %\ld endeav\r to f9d out ! be/ me?ods = 8 own circum/ances &1 if ! results are satisfactory1 t he %\ld adh]e to !m1 = !re is no m prolific cause ( failure ?an 9 cont9ually try+ exp]im5ts recomm5d$ by o!rs4 ,! op]ation ( pott+ or basket+ ,or*ids is v simple1 & c be readily le>n$ by obs]vation4 ,! aim %\ld be to avoid injur+ ! liv+ roots b to leave ! plant firm 9 ! pot4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii ,,d5drobium ,,w>dianum 7,at ! "t ! photograph 0 tak5 ?is plant bore #bfd fl[]s47 ,,baskets ,,& ,,pots ,x is m 9 accordance ) nature to gr[ epiphytal ,or*ids ( conv5i5t size 9 baskets to be susp5d$ f ! ro( ( ! ,or*id h\se1 & 9 ! case ( subjects reput$ly difficult to gr[ ! be/ results are (t5 atta9$ 9 ?is way4 ,at ! same "t1 ?is is due z mu* to ! plants be+ plac$ ne> to ! glass ( ! ro(1 z to ! fact t ! air has bett] access to ! roots ?an :5 ! plants are 9 pots4 ,h5ce x is t = susp5d+ plants ( small & m$ium gr[?1 ,or*id pans made 9 ! same way z ! fl[]-pot are f\nd to be a conv5i5t sub/itute = baskets1 z !y are n s liable to decay z wood-baskets4 ,/anhopeas1 ,lu$demannias1 ,ac9etas1 & "s o!r ,or*ids :i* produce _! fl[] spikes directly f ! base ( ! gr[?1 mu/ be gr[n 9 baskets to admit ( ! prop] production ( _! fl[]s1 :i*1 if gr[n 9 pots1 are s5t d[n into ! compo/ & lo/4 ,gongoras1 ,cirrhaeas1 & simil> g5]a1 :i* produce sl5d] spikes ( fl[]s ( droop+ habit1 are also be/ 9 baskets1 z !y produce _! fl[]s mu* m freely :5 ! plants are susp5d$4 ,! ,or*id pan1 = susp5d+1 is also equally good = ,masdevallias ( ! ,*ima]a section1 a l>ge numb] ( ,bulbophyllums & ,cirrhopetalums1 & g5]ally = plants ( small /ature :i* w\ld be too f> away f ! glass if plac$ on ! /age4 ,= ! bulk ( ! collection ! gr[] has to use ! ord9>y fl[]-pots1 :i* are /ill unsurpass$ = g5]al purposes4 ,! elaborately design$ pots1 p]=at$ ) holes or slits1 :i* 7 us$ = ,or*ids ye>s ago1 are n necess>y1 = !re is no defect 9 ! ord9>y fl[]-pot :i* _c be ov]come by ! c>eful & skilful practition]4 ,rafts & cyl9d]s ( teak-wood made 9 ! same mann] z baskets are useful = "s species1 b x has to be rememb]$ t plants on rafts are liable to suff] f lack ( suffici5t moi/ure-hold+ mat]ial ar\nd !m4 ,br\ghtonia sangu9ea1 h[ev]1 is nev] s happy z :5 gr[n on a horizontally susp5d$ raft )\t ! lea/ pott+ mat]ial4 ,! great tr\ble ) susp5d$ ,or*ids1 & "o :i* precludes ! cultivator employ+ ?is culture = s _m plants z he c\ld wi%1 is ! drip !y cause to ! plants on ! /ages4 ,no ,or*id %\ld h ano!r plant susp5d$ above x2 if x is n possible to avoid ?is1 ! relative positions ( ! susp5d$ plants %\ld be *ang$ z (t5 z possible2 wat] %\ld only be giv5 !m by dipp+ ! plants1 & !y %\ld be all[$ to dra9 ?or\ghly be=e be+ aga9 susp5d$4 ,z _m ( ! susp5d$ plants z possible %\ld be arrang$ on ea* side ( ! pa?1 & 9 o!r situations :]e !re are no plants imm$iately "u !m4 ,n>r[ rafts #d in*es wide & #a foot or s 9 height are suitable = ,angraecum infundibul>e1 ,a4 imbricatum1 & o!r sc&5t ,angraecums ( simil> gr[?4 ,^! %\ld be fa/5$ to ! rafts ) "s good ,sphagnum-moss betwe5 ! plant & ! raft on ! l[] half1 ! base ( ! plant & ! raft be+ aft]w>ds fa/5$ 9 a fl[]-pot ) ,sphagnum-moss1 ! raft lean+ at a slight angle4 ,sphagnum-moss c be add$ on ! upp] "p z ! plant gr[s1 &1 :5 suffici5tly root$ up ! /em1 x c be sev]$ half-way up :5 ! base w produce new gr[?s4 ,,/ak+ ,,or ,,fix+ ,,or*ids ,"s ye>s ago1 :5 l>ge specim5s 7 fav\r$1 x us$ to be ! practice to /ake or /ick ! plants1 z x 0 call$1 "s ( !m exhibit+ almo/ z _m /icks z pseudo-bulbs4 ,! /icks rapidly decay$1 (t5 leav+ ! /umps to h>b\r fungus & cause injury to ! plants4 ,! compact specim5s ( ! pres5t day1 :5 prop]ly gr[n1 require no support f /icks4 ,9 respect to specim5s ( l>g] gr[?1 su* z ,a]ides ( tall habit1 ,laelias ( ! ,l4 purpurata class1 & ,d5drobiums1 :5 !y require /ick+ at all1 !y may be securely support$ by "o /ick 9 ! c5tre1 to :i* "o ( ! /ronge/ gr[?s %\ld be fa/5$1 any o!rs requir+ support be+ loop$ to ! c5tre /ick4 ,! few] /icks us$ ! bett]4 ,dw>f plants ) creep+ rhizomes betwe5 ! pseudo-bulbs us$ (t5 to be secur$ :5 repott$ by small wire pegs1 & ! cu/om is n yet q obsolete4 ,metal1 especially galvanis$ iron wire1 :i* is mo/ commonly us$1 is v injuri\s to any portion ( an ,or*id :i* is all[$ to come 9 contact ) x4 ,su* pegs are unnecess>y1 = ! plants c be fix$ ) ! pott+ mat]ial1 & lat] on ! new roots w effectually secure !m4 ,9 fa/5+ ,or*ids on rafts or blocks1 f9e copp] wire %\ld be us$1 & all ! c>e possible tak5 to prev5t x re/+ on ! rhizomes or /ems1 a small piece ( peat or ,sphagnum-moss be+ plac$ b5ea? ! wire :]e x crosses ! plant4 ,:]e ,or*ids su* z ,phala5opsis are gr[n 9 baskets or hang+ pans1 ! leaves %\ld n be all[$ to t\* ! wire susp5d]s1 or injury w result4 ,:]e leaves too closely approa* ! wire susp5d]s dur+ _! gr[?1 ! wire %\ld be b5t to avoid contact1 or h a small %r$ ( cotton-wool or o!r mat]ial b\nd r\nd x at ! po9t ( contact1 if ! leaf _c be drawn aside4 ,= /ak+ ,or*ids1 bamboo canes are pref]able to common deal-wood /icks4 ,,labell+ ,,! ,,plants ,x adds mu* to ! int]e/ ( a collection ( ,or*ids1 ei!r small or l>ge1 if a prop] sy/em ( record+ ! plants is arrang$ = by means ( a /ock-book1 9 :i* ! "n ( ea* plant is ent]$ z x is acquir$1 toge!r ) ! s\rce f :i* x 0 obta9$1 & any o!r p>ticul>s t may be requir$ :5 ! plant fl[]s4 ,?is entry ne$ only be brief1 & g5]ally "o1 or at mo/ two l9es w suffice = ea* plant4 ,if x is int5d$ to keep ! plants "u numb]s1 ! left-h& m>g9 %\ld be> consecutive numb]s f "o onw>d1 b if x is desir$ to h ! names on ea* plant1 ! names 9 ! /ock-book %\ld be arrang$ 9 an alphabetical mann]4 ,9 "s collections :]e numb]+ is practis$ ! numb] is writt5 across ! top ( ! label1 & ! "n writt5 l5g?wise :5 desir$4 ,! common deal label is n suitable1 because ! base soon decays 9 ,or*id h\ses1 caus+ dang] f fungal gr[?1 & r5d]+ ! id5tification ( ! plant aft] ! label has p]i%$1 or fall5 away1 v unc]ta94 ,! lead numb] = clipp+ ! rim ( ! pot1 or atta*+ to ! wires ( ! basket or susp5d+ pan1 is less objectionable1 b !y are only conv5i5t :]e numb]s are alone us$4 ,z9c labels & v>i\s o!r contrivances h be5 tri$1 b ! be/ & safe/ label1 ei!r = numb]s or names1 or bo?1 is ! :ite celluloid label1 obta9able 9 all sizes1 simil> to ! ord9>y wood5 plant label1 & 9 ! ticket =m = atta*+ to ! baskets by means ( f9e wire4 ,?is k9d ( label does n decay z ! wood labels1 & x may be clean$ & us$ aga9 z long z x rema9s 9 a p]fect condition4 ,let all labels be made z small z possible consi/5t ) _! be+ firmly fix$1 z x detracts mu* f ! appe>ance ( a h\se ( plants if ! labels are too mu* 9 evid5ce4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 dur+ repott+ t ! labels remov$ f ! plants %\ld ea* be return$ to its prop] specim54 ,mu* tr\ble may be caus$ by mix+ ! labels4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,remov+ ,,useless ,,leaves ,,& ,,bulbs ,an unsightly appe>ance is giv5 to _m collections ( ,or*ids by ! pres5ce on "s ( ! plants ( a numb] ( damag$ or yell[ leaves4 ,^! are (t5 suppos$ to be ! result ( bad cultivation1 &1 9 "s cases1 rightly s4 ,b 9 all collections ( ,or*ids ! old leaves1 ev5 ( ! ev]gre5 species1 d n pass (f naturally z !y d 9 _! native habitats1 :]e !y h ! natural seasons ) _! climatic *anges to cause ! leaves to fall naturally4 ,:5 cultivat$ "u glass1 ! species :i* are kn[n z ev]gre5 k9ds reta9 _! old leaves long aft] !y w\ld h pass$ away 9 _! native wilds2 & n only t1 b !y decl9e & become unsightly = ye>s "u glass1 in/ead ( pass+ away 9 a few mon?s4 ,consequ5tly _m ,or*ids 9 collections (t5 c>ry at lea/ twice z _m leaves z !y ought to d1 & ! olde/ are ! mo/ unsightly4 ,a ready example ( ?is k9d is giv5 by mo/ collections ( ,masdevallias4 ,! leaves are usually d5sely pack$1 _m ( ! old] ones %abby1 & n only unsightly 9 !mselves1 b int]f]+ ) ! full developm5t ( ! new gr[?s4 ,masdevallias h no develop$ pseudo-bulbs1 b a jo9t w be se5 :]e ! leaf-blades jo9 ! basal /ems2 all damag$ leaves %\ld be cut (f j above t jo9t1 & x w be f\nd t "s ( ! plants w be b5efit$1 bo? 9 appe>ance & condition1 by hav+ f "o-?ird to "o-half ! numb] ( _! old & damag$ leaves remov$4 ,! same rem>ks apply to all ,or*ids ( simil> gr[?1 su* z ,pleuro?allis & ,octom]ias1 & inde$ to ! species g5]ally1 = damag$ or decay+ leaves c be ( no assi/ance 9 ! developm5t ( ! plant1 unless 9 exceptional cases :]e ! gr[] mu/ use 8 own discretion4 ,,useless ,,pseudo-,,bulbs ,if an import$ ,or*id su* z a ,cattleya or ,laelia1 :i* has be5 cultivat$ "u glass = sev]al ye>s & has _m pseudo-bulbs1 be turn$ out ( ! pot & ! roots fre$ f ! pott+ mat]ial1 x w be se5 t ! new roots :i* n\ri% ! plant are conf9$ to ! fre%e/ pseudo-bulbs1 & t ! roots b5ea? ! old] pseudo-bulbs are 9 su* a condition t !y are useless 9 ! economy ( ! plant4 ,?is fact goes to %[ t ! old pseudo-bulbs are be+ support$ by ! new] gr[?s1 &1 t !y are s]i\sly imp$+ ! full developm5t ( ! fl[]-produc+ "p ( ! specim54 ,9 su* cases x is a common ?+ to see l>ge specim5s collapse & die (f1 ! decay be+ traceable to ! old bulbs 9 ! c5tre ( ! plant4 ,x is1 !re=e1 bett] to remove old pseudo-bulbs beh9d ! la/ ?ree or f\r lead+ ones1 &1 if x is desir$ to reta9 all lead+ portions ( a l>ge mass 9 "o pot or pan to =m a specim51 !y %\ld be pott$ toge!r1 :5 x w be f\nd t1 giv5 reasonable treatm5t1 !y w make bett] specim5s ?an if left 9 a mass4 ,9 ! case ( v>ieties t ne$ to be propagat$1 ! pieces remov$ %\ld be plac$ 9 comp>atively small ,or*id pans or baskets1 prop]ly labell$1 & 9 due "t useful & (t5 valuable specim5s may be secur$ f mat]ial :i* w\ld only h be5 detrim5tal to ! p>5t plant4 ,! same k9d ( treatm5t w be f\nd equally b5eficial 9 ! case ( g>d5 hybrids :i* h be5 cultivat$ long en\gh to h a numb] ( back bulbs4 ,9 su* cases ! plants frequ5tly deg5]ate aft] ! fir/ two or ?ree ye>s1 until !y produce inf]ior fl[]s1 b ! removal ( ! back pseudo-bulbs results 9 giv+ ! fl[]+ gr[?s ! full b5efit ( ! root action1 & consequ5tly ! plants aga9 produce fl[]s ( good quality4 ,pott+ "t is a v conv5i5t season to give special att5tion to ! removal ( useless leaves & pseudo-bulbs1 z ! plants c be readily h&l$ :5 !y are out ( ! pots4 ,all useless p>ts remov$ %\ld be tak5 out ( ! h\se & burnt4 ,x is a common practice to ?r[ ! leaves "u ! /age4 ,no rubbi% ( ?is1 or any o!r k9d1 %\ld be all[$ 9 ! ,or*id h\se1 z x =ms a h>b\r = insects & is1 9 o!r respects1 objectionable4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,propagation ,,by ,,division ,x us$ to be ?\ght a v delicate op]ation to divide an ,or*id1 or to remove any portion ( x = ! purpose ( obta9+ ano!r specim51 &1 :5 ! op]ation 0 c>ri$ out1 x 0 ?\ght to be at ! risk ( ! plant & its (fset4 ,9 ! case ( badly gr[n plants1 or :]e ! h\ses are unsuitable = gr[+ ,or*ids successfully1 !re may /ill be consid]able risk 9 ! process2 b "u ord9>y conditions1 & :]e ! plants h prop] accommodation1 !re is no risk :atev]2 x may be said t plants are nev] 9 bett] heal? ?an :5 !y are divid$ at reasonable int]vals4 ,if we consid] ! case ( ,cyprip$ium insigne ,s&]ae1 "s ( ! :ite ,cattleyas1 & _m o!r ,or*ids :i* 7 import$ only z s+le specim5s orig9ally b :i* are n[ well repres5t$ 9 g>d5s1 ! advantage ( divid+ ! plants is readily se54 ,pseudo-bulb\s ,or*ids ) progressive rhizomes1 su* z ,cattleyas1 ,laelias1 ,oncidiums1 & ,odontoglossums1 %\ld be divid$ by sev]+ ! rhizomes1 reta9+ two or m pseudo-bulbs toge!r4 ,?is op]ation c be done at any season ( ! ye>1 b x is mo/ conv5i5t to d x at pott+ "t1 &1 = pref]5ce1 j be=e ! comm5cem5t ( ! natural gr[+ season ( ! plant4 ,small pieces %\ld be plac$ 9 small ,or*id pans or baskets1 b l>g] ones may be pott$ at once & plac$ on ! /age ) ! o!r plants4 ,d5drobiums may also be propagat$ by divid+ ! plants1 b a l>ge section ( ! g5us may also be propagat$ by cutt+s ( ! pseudo-bulbs4 ,?is me?od is specially useful = increas+ a r>e & f9e v>iety ( ,d5drobium nobile or o!rs ( ! section1 z a good supply ( plants c quickly be obta9$ 9 ?is way4 ,! me?od is to cut ! pseudo-bulbs into l5g?s ( two or ?ree in*es & to place !m 9 small ,or*id pans1 six or eight 9 a pan1 susp5d+ ! pan 9 a w>m1 moi/1 h\se4 ,! ,?unia section ( ,phaius1 ,epid5drum radicans1 & "s o!r ,epid5drums & ,or*ids ( simil> gr[? may be multipli$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,fur!r rem>ks on propagation w be f\nd "u ! names ( ! g5]a enum]at$4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,wat]+ ,,epiphytal ,,or*ids ,success or failure ) any class ( ,or*ids dep5ds l>gely on ! ex]cise ( discretion 9 wat]+4 ,:ile x may be said t m specim5s are lo/ by hav+ too little wat]1 especially among ! small]-gr[+ species1 ?an by ov]-wat]+1 at ! same "t mu* mis*ief is caus$ by a sy/em ( giv+ a little wat]+ frequ5tly all ! ye> r\nd1 & )\t any reg>d to ! p]iod ( gr[? or re/ ?r\gh :i* ! plants are pass+4 ,su* treatm5t does n provide = /rong gr[? dur+ ! gr[+ season1 or adequate re/ aft] ! gr[?s are f9i%$2 consequ5tly ! plants decl9e 9 heal? & ! fl[]s are n satisfactory4 ,ra9-wat] is ! only suitable wat] = ,or*ids1 & ! gr[]s :o c comm& a supply ( x all ! ye> r\nd possess a great advantage ov] ^? :o h to use wat] f any o!r s\rce4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( gr[? & root action1 too mu* wat] at ! root _c easily be giv51 provid$ ! mat]ial 9 :i* ! plants are pott$ is suffici5tly por\s & ! pots or ,or*id pans h a suffici5t dra9age4 ,! rule %\ld be to wat] ?or\ghly :5 wat]+ at all1 mak+ sure t ! :ole ( ! pott+ mat]ial is moi/5$ well1 !n n to give m wat] to t plant until ! effect ( ! wat]+ is se5 to be pass+1 ! plant be+ /ill moi/ b approa*+ dryness1 :5 ! ?or\gh wat]+ %\ld be repeat$4 ,no?+ is m mislead+ ?an to p\r a little wat] ea* day on ! surface ( ! mat]ial 9 :i* ! plant is pott$4 ,?is is (t5 consid]$ to be c>eful wat]+1 b x results 9 a l>ge numb] ( ! plants nev] gett+ ?or\ghly moi/ at ! root1 :ile o!rs 9 a ret5tive compo/1 or :]e ! dra9age is defective1 become sodd5$4 ,su* cases may arise occasionally "u any conditions1 &1 :]e a ?or\ghly dry plant is f\nd at a season :5 x %\ld be moi/1 x is bett] to plunge ! pot or basket 9 wat] until x is p]fectly soak$4 ,9 ! case ( a plant :i* is too wet ) /agnant moi/ure1 x %\ld ei!r be repott$ aft] ! wet pott+ mat]ial has be5 remov$1 or plac$ on a %elf to rema9 )\t wat] until x is aga9 9 a prop] condition to receive x4 ,9 all cases a sp\t$ wat]+-pot %\ld be us$4 ,! rose wat]+-pot & syr+e are necess>y ?+s 9 ! ,or*id h\se1 b ! use ( !m %\ld be rigidly re/rict$ to "s def9ite "w1 su* z wat]+ ,or*ids = ! fir/ "t aft] repott+1 spr9kl+ ! floors1 /ag+1 & brick walls1 & o!r "w :i* _c cause mis*ief4 ,x us$ to be a common practice to wat] ,or*ids ov]head ) a rose wat]+-pot1 b ! plants s wat]$ made b few roots1 & ! foliage 0 g5]ally unsightly1 ow+ to deposits f ! wat]4 ,x is !re=e be/ to make a rule aga9/ wat]+ ov]head 9 a g5]al way4 ,! syr+e may be us$ among ,d5drobiums & "s o!r w>m-h\se ,or*ids dur+ ! height ( ! gr[+ season2 b x w\ld be saf] to arrange = su* "w to be done by means ( a spray] & at %ort] int]vals4 ,! spray] is a v useful & b5eficial contrivance1 &1 9 ! h&s ( a c>eful op]ator us+ clean ra9-wat]1 x af=ds a valuable aid 9 ma9ta9+ a heal?ily humid condition 9 ! atmosph]e ( all ! ,or*id h\ses1 especially dur+ ! heat ( ! summ]4 ,equal 9 importance to ! giv+ ( suffici5t wat] dur+ ! gr[+ season is ! obs]vance ( ! dry1 re/+ season1 :i*1 9 a v>y+ degree1 is requir$ by all ,or*ids1 :e!r !y come f hot or cold habitats1 & :e!r !y are epiphytal or t]re/rial species4 ,,wat]+ ,,t]re/rial ,,or*ids ,^!1 l ! epiphytal ,or*ids1 may be divid$ into two ma9 classes1 namely1 ^? :i* lose _! leaves annually1 & ^? :i* are m or less ev]gre54 ,"s ( ! g5]a conta9 bo? ( ^! classes1 & notably ! ,calan!s4 ,9 ,c4 ve/ita1 ,c4 ,regni]i1 ,c4 rosea1 & _! v>ieties & hybrids ! leaves turn yell[ aft] ! gr[?s are fully made up1 a sign :i* gives a good indication z to ! necessity = )hold+ wat] = a l5g!n$ p]iod2 :ile ,calan! v]atrifolia & o!rs ( ! class reta9 ! la/-made foliage gre5 all ! ye> r\nd1 ! loss ( foliage be+ 9 ! old leaves1 :i* %\ld be remov$ at ! fir/ sign ( decay4 ,) ^! latt] may be class$ ! ,phaius1 ,zygopetalums1 ,cymbidiums1 ,cyprip$iums1 & _m o!rs ( ev]gre5 habit1 :i* require mu* c>e to be ex]cis$ 9 ! matt] ( )hold+ wat] dur+ ! re/+ season1 o!rwise ! plants w decl9e 9 vig\r4 ,aft] ! gr[?s are f9i%$1 mo/ ( ^! plants are b5efit$ by removal to a cool] & m freely v5tilat$ h\se = a few weeks1 dur+ :i* "t ! supply ( wat] %\ld be re/rict$1 b !y %\ld nev] be all[$ to suff] by be+ ?or\ghly dri$4 ,= ,zygopetalums & o!r ,or*ids :i* x is cu/om>y to place 9 a r dri] atmosph]e dur+ ! "t !y are 9 fl[]1 su* an int]val w\ld be suffici5t re/4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,manures ,,= ,,or*ids ,x %\ld be di/9ctly und]/ood t1 9 ! case ( true epiphytes1 !re is no ne$ = manures1 &1 t artificial *emical manures are almo/ c]ta9 to br+ ab\t disa/r\s results1 ! f9al collapse be+ 9 proportion to ! pot5cy ( ! /imulant us$ & ! recklessness ( ! gr[]4 ,:]e ra9-wat] c be obta9$ & /or$ = use ?r\gh\t ! season1 x is safe/ & mo/ satisfactory to rely on ?is alone1 except = "s t]re/rial ,or*ids4 ,! *ief difficulty 9 recomm5d+ ! use ( manures = any class ( plants1 ,or*ids especially1 is 9 ! fact t1 once ! practice is comm5c$1 ev5 ^? cultivators :o beg9 cauti\sly frequ5tly lose discretion 9 ! c\rse ( "t & ru9 _! plants by excessive applications4 ,x is = ?is reason t ! gr[]s ( plants = m>ket purposes1 ^: secret ( success almo/ entirely dep5ds on ! use ( manures1 are c>eful to give out ! supplies to ! m5 :o h to use !m1 or1 ) ! v be/ int5tions1 !y w\ld (t5 de/roy a crop4 ,inde$1 x is n uncommon = =em51 or m5 9 *>ge ( dep>tm5ts 9 l>ge nurs]ies devot$ to gr[+ plants = m>ket1 to resort to unfair means to get extra supplies ( manure = _! plants1 & frequ5tly ) bad results4 ,!re is ano!r curi\s feature ab\t ! use ( manures 9 m>ket-plant g>d5s1 namely1 t all conc]n$ obs]ve ! greate/ secrecy 9 ! matt]1 & r>ely admit t !y use any?+ b wat]--t be+ ! common expression4 ,! same secrecy is obs]v$ by ! ,or*id exp]t 9 mo/ cases4 ,ano!r ?+ is t !re is no common =mula accept$ by all practition]s4 ,ea* seems to h 8 own op9ions z to mat]ials1 quality1 & /r5g? ( ! /imulants us$4 ,"o ?+ is c]ta91 t ev5 :]e artificial manures are us$1 ! "t ( application & its discont9uance has m to d ) success or failure ?an ! nature ( ! manure itself4 ,ev5 9 cases :]e ! adm9i/ration ( a mild /imulant is ( use dur+ ! p]iod ( active gr[? & free root+1 if ! manure is n discont9u$ aft] gr[? is complet$ mu* mis*ief is done4 ,x is n necess>y to g into ! relative m]its ( *emical manures1 :i* are n recomm5d$ = use1 b x may be /at$ t "s gr[]s d use small quantities ) app>5tly good results1 re/rict+ ! use ( ! manure to ! active gr[+ season & dur+ ! "t ! fl[]-spikes are =m+4 ,a]ides1 ,saccolabiums1 & ,v&as seem to be exceptions1 z !y repres5t ! highe/ developm5t ( ! epiphyte4 ,odontoglossums & "s simil> ,or*ids h be5 treat$ to a v small quantity ( ,p]uvian guano spr9kl$ 9 ! wat] us$ = wat]+ !m 9 spr+ :ile ! fl[]s 7 =m+1 & )\t a bad effect2 b ! quantity us$ 0 v small1 & ! wat] 0 n all[$ to t\* ! leaves or pseudo-bulbs4 ,"o gr[] on ! ,cont95t 0 9 ! habit ( spr9kl+ a h&ful ( nitrate ( soda 9 ! gutt] ( ! h\se1 especially be=e1 or dur+ heavy ra91 9 ord] t a little solution ( x might be c>ri$ into ! ra9-wat] tanks 9 ! ,or*id h\se4 ,8 plants ?rove well1 & ?is %[s t ev5 ) epiphytal ,or*ids !re is a field op5 = exp]im5t2 b ! op]ator mu/ n lose sight ( ! fact t he is play+ ) edg$ tools4 ,we w n[ /ate :at has be5 prov$ to be b5eficial :5 c>efully c>ri$ out4 ,^? :o gr[ bat*es ( ! %[y ,d5drobiums su* z ,d4 nobile1 ,d4 ,w>dianum1 ,d4 ,phala5opsis1 & o!rs ( ! class1 & :o1 at ! gr[+ season1 place !m 9 a w>m1 moi/ h\se1 susp5d$ f ! ro( = pref]5ce1 frequ5tly give !m weak doses ( liquid manure dur+ ! season ( gr[?1 & ! plants make v f9e gr[?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv ,,cattleya ,,trianae ,,v>4 ,,hydra 7,! plant bore #hh fl[]s47 ,! liquid f f>m-y>d manure1 or f a /able1 %\ld be avoid$1 z its /r5g? _c be kn[n2 sometimes x is v weak1 & at o!rs fatally /rong4 ,a l>ge tub ) liquid manure made ( c[-dung1 & 9 :i* a co>se bag ( soot has be5 sunk1 is a safe manure = any plant1 & if prop]ly dilut$ c d no h>m to plants requir+ su* a /imulant4 ,t]re/rial ,or*ids su* z ,calan!s & ,phaius c sc>cely be gr[n to _! be/ )\t a lib]al application ( ?is1 or "s o!r manure kn[n to ! op]ator to be safe1 dur+ _! season ( gr[?4 ,cymbidiums1 ,zygopetalums1 ,p]i/]ias1 & o!r /rong-gr[+ ,or*ids h also be5 treat$ to weak liquid manure f ! comm5cem5t ( gr[? until ! fl[]s exp&$1 ) advantage s f> z evid5ce is available4 ,an occasional wat]+ ( liquid manure1 or slight spr9kl+ ( guano1 may be giv5 b5ea? ! /ag+ 9 ! ev5+s dur+ ! gr[+ season4 ,! /ructure ( ! roots ( ,or*ids does n fav\r ! idea t !y are suit$ = tak+ up /imulat+ liquid 9 ! mann] common to fibr\s-root$ plants4 ,on ! g5]al "q ( ! use ( /imulants 9 ,or*id culture _m clev] m5 h c>ri$ out exp]im5ts4 ,! late ,dr4 ,a4 ,h4 ,smee w5t into ! "q1 bas+ 8 exp]im5ts on ! *emical con/itu5ts ( ! plants !mselves1 :i* is n an infallible guide4 ,! late ,norman ,c4 ,cookson c>efully /udi$ ! subject1 & he recomm5d$ = exp]im5t ! foll[+ =mula3-- ,potassium nitrate 7saltpetre71 #c oz4 ,ammonium phosphate1 #b oz4 ,dissolve 9 a ?ree-gallon j> ( s(t wat]1 & :5 wat]+ gr[+ ,or*ids1 or ^? p]fect+ _! fl[]s1 add "o ounce ( ! solution to ea* gallon ( wat]4 ,aga9 x mu/ be urg$ t ^? exp]im5t+ ) manures mu/ d s only on gr[+ plants1 & :5 gr[? is complet$ x mu/ be /opp$4 ,no ,or*id gr[] %\ld und]take su* exp]im5ts )\t fir/ obta9+ 8 employ]'s concurr5ce4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,re/+ ,,or*ids ,:il/ we may def9itely say t all ,or*ids require a re/+ season 9 "s degree1 ! cultivator mu/ be c>eful to arrange ! re/+ season1 9 ! matt] ( its duration & o!r p>ticul>s1 9 accordance ) ! nature ( ! plant1 = 9 "s classes ( ,or*ids x is v easy to d mu* mis*ief by subject+ !m to a too prolong$ & rigor\s re/+ "t4 ,se$l+ ,or*ids1 z a rule1 require little or no re/+ season until aft] _! fir/ fl[]+1 & ,cattleyas1 ,laeliocattleyas1 & o!r ev]gre5 hybrids require a r %ort] p]iod ( re/ ?an decidu\s species4 ,bulbophyllums1 ,cirrhopetalums1 & _m o!r small-gr[+ ,or*ids are frequ5tly kill$ by attempt+ to give !m a dry re/+ season1 al?\gh !re is a section :i* lose _! leaves 9 w9t] l ! decidu\s ,d5drobiums1 & ^! are b5efit$ by be+ dri$ (f 9 a cool] h\se :5 ! leaves fall1 keep+ !m dry until gr[? />ts aga91 9 ! same mann] z ,d5drobium nobile1 ,d4 ,w>dianum1 ,d4 crass9ode1 & o!r decidu\s ,d5drobiums4 ,! ev]gre5 ,d5drobiums ( ! ,d4 d5siflorum & ,d4 ,f>m]i class require a %ort re/ 9 a l[] temp]ature1 & %\ld be wat]$ a little occasionally1 especially if !y %[ a t5d5cy to %rivel1 :i* is n a good ?+ = any ,or*id4 ,a]ides1 ,v&as1 & ,saccolabiums require a l[] temp]ature 9 w9t]1 & less wat]4 ,_m ( ^! beg9 to gr[ 9 ,m>*2 aft] t season !y require heat & moi/ure m lib]ally4 ,z a rule1 ! plants !mselves give ! be/ indication :5 ! re/+ season has arriv$1 &1 9 ! case ( ^? :i* lose _! leaves1 !y %[ h[ mu* re/ is necess>y4 ,! />t+ ( ! new gr[? indicates :5 gr[+ conditions %\ld be re/or$4 ,9 respect to ! v small-gr[+ species1 & especially ev]gre5 k9ds1 x is mu* bett] to ignore ! re/+ season r ?an to l[] ! vitality ( ! plants by a sev]e dry+ (f4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,specially ,,r>e ,,& ,,valuable ,,plants ,:ile e plant 9 ! collection %\ld be giv5 ! be/ possible c>e & att5tion1 x is advisable to keep ! m r>e & valuable specim5s imm$iately "u ! eye ( ! gr[]4 ,x is (t5 ! case t alb9os1 r>e v>ieties1 & new species are all[$ to get mix$ up 9 ! g5]al collection1 & a plant t c\ld n be replac$ may be hidd5 by ! common] ?+s :i* are n ( s mu* consequ5ce4 ,9 ! case ( ! be/ spott$ v>ieties ( ,odontoglossum crispum1 alb9o ,cattleyas1 & o!r exceptionally r>e ?+s1 x is a good plan to arrange a bat* ( !m toge!r 9 ! mo/ suitable "p ( ! h\se1 or to place ea* on an inv]t$ fl[]-pot at int]vals along ! /ag+1 ?us br++ !m into prom95ce & facilitat+ ! inspection ( ea* at all times4 ,"s use wire plant /&s in/ead ( inv]t$ pots1 b ! moi/ure-hold+ fl[]-pots are pref]able1 if !y are inspect$ occasionally to see t !y are n h>b\r+ insects4 ,alb9os & f9e v>ieties ( ,cattleyas & ,laelias c\ld be gr[n 9 susp5d$ ,or*id pans or baskets1 to take !m out ( ! g5]al collection1 & s gr[n !y w\ld make bett] progress ?an if plac$ on ! /ages4 ,9 ! case ( any plant n mak+ satisfactory gr[? x is (t5 b5eficial to place x on an inv]t$ pot to br+ x m prom95tly "u notice4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,diseases ,,& ,,insect ,,pe/s ,!re is v mu* 9 ! old-"t advice1 ,gr[ y\r plants clean1 = a v l>ge proportion ( ,or*id diseases & insect pe/s are due to errors 9 cultivation1 m especially 9 ! regulation ( ! temp]ature & ! v5tilation4 ,insanit>y h\ses l[] ! vitality ( ! plants1 & vegetation1 l human be+s1 is a prey to disease :5 kept 9 unheal?y conditions4 ,spot1 or ,or*id disease1 exhibits itself 9 v>i\s =ms4 ,x is caus$1 z sci5ti/s say1 by diff]5t micro-organisms1 b 9 effect x is practically ! same :e!r 9 ! =m kn[n z ,spot1 (t5 se5 9 ,phala5opsis1 ,a]ides1 & ,v&as1 or 9 ! decay$ & black5$ pseudo-bulbs ( ,cattleyas1 especially ,c4 ,w>scewiczii 7gigas71 :i* f an app>5tly heal?y plant may develop a diseas$ condition ( ! pseudo-bulbs1 & become useless 9 a few days4 ,9 all su* diseases x w be se5 t ! tissues h collaps$1 ! result be+ br[n or blacki% spots on leaves or bulbs4 ,imp]fect nutrition f lack ( heal?y roots is a frequ5t cause ( ?is mis*ief1 = ,a]ides & ,v&as :i* h be5 affect$ ) ,spot recov] 9 ! new gr[?1 = a "t at lea/1 if a satisfactory root action c be set up4 ,propagation1 by free+ ! rec5tly made p>ts ( ! plants f ! old & worn-out back portions1 :i* are n furni%$ ) ! roots necess>y to support !mselves is "o ( ! be/ means ( prev5t+ ,or*id diseases1 & ef=ts %\ld be made to keep ! plants vigor\s &1 !re=e1 capable ( resi/+ attacks by insect pe/s4 ,plants are also b5efit$ greatly by hav+ _! position 9 ! h\ses *ang$1 & t is "o ( ! great advantages ( ! p]iodical inspection1 = dur+ ?is process ! relative positions ( ! plants are alt]$4 ,x %\ld be said t ,cattleyas & o!r common ,or*ids badly affect$ by disease _h bett] be burnt1 = x is *eap] to buy a heal?y "y plant ?an to wa/e "t 9 try+ to br+ ! unsightly & diseas$ specim5s back to heal?4 ,! ,cattleya ,fly 7,isosoma or*ide>um71 fir/ import$ probably ) ,cattleya ,d[iana1 & frequ5tly ) o!r ,cattleyas s9ce1 affects ! new gr[?s1 ! grubs caus+ !m to swell & r5d]+ ! gr[? useless4 ,! same species1 or "o closely alli$1 also attacks ! "y roots ( ,cattleyas1 ,laelias1 & _! hybrids1 caus+ unsightly galls on ! po9ts ( ! roots4 ,fumigation1 ) "s safe prep>ation to de/roy ! fly1 %\ld be c>ri$ out1 & e "y gr[? & root-po9t z soon z !y are se5 to be affect$ %\ld be cut (f & burnt4 ,by adopt+ ^! rem$ies x is possible to get rid ( ! pe/4 ,9 pur*as+ fre%ly import$ plants1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to reject ^? :i* %[ signs ( hav+ be5 affect$ by ! fly4 ,?rips1 ,r$ ,spid]1 & ,aphides occasionally appe> 9 e collection1 & ! rem$y is fumigation & spong+ ) an insecticide1 :i* "s gr[]s prep>e = !mselves1 ei!r by p\r+ boil+ wat] ov] co>se tobacco ti$ up 9 a clo? & add+ a little s(t soap1 or by mak+ an infusion ( quassia *ips4 ,b excell5t insecticides c be pur*as$ already prep>$1 :i* are gu>ante$ to be safe & effective1 & be+ ( uni=m /r5g?1 !y may be us$ ) confid5ce if ! in/ructions giv5 ) ! prep>ations are obs]v$ /rictly4 ,avoid us+ p>aff9 & emulsions ( p>aff91 = x is dang]\s1 n only to ! plants spong$ ) x1 b to all ! plants 9 ! h\se1 = x affects ! atmosph]e4 ,,scale ,,insects ,^! appe> mu* less 9 collections n[ ?an =m]ly1 because ! old l>ge specim5s are replac$ by "y & vigor\s plants4 ,?irty or =ty ye>s ago1 x 0 a usual ?+ to sp5d sev]al days e ye> scrap+ ! br[n scales f tall plants ( ,a]ides odoratum1 ,v&a tricolor1 & o!r specim5 ,or*ids1 & :at 0 call$ clean+ 0 go+ on all ! ye> r\nd4 ,n[ !re is mu* less ne$ ( su* "w1 al?\gh scale w appe> 9 its v>i\s species on "o section ( plants or ano!r4 ,9 ! p]iodical inspections1 all plants attack$ by x %\ld h ! insects remov$ by a piece ( /ick blunt$ at ! edge & po9t1 spong+ ! leaves aft]w>ds ) "s dilut$ insecticide4 ,syr++ ) an insecticide1 or dipp+ ! plants 9 ! liquid1 %\ld be avoid$1 = ! quantity appli$ is likely to saturate ! mat]ial 9 :i* ! plants are pott$ & to run into ! c5tres ( ! "y gr[?s & cause injury4 ,by means ( a sponge1 x may be appli$ lightly or heavily1 b ! op]ator has comm& 9 ea* case ov] :at he is do+4 ,,mealy ,,bug ,=tunately ?is pe/ is r>e 9 ,or*id h\ses1 b :5 x appe>s x is easily de/roy$ 9 ! same mann] z scale4 ,,cockroa*es ,! fir/ ( ^! insects to be notic$ %\ld be ! signal = ! lay+ ( poison4 ,se>* %\ld be made = ! bre$+ qu>t]s1 :i* are (t5 9 ! /oke-hole1 or 9 "s hot1 dry corn] ( ! h\se4 ,v>i\s prep>ations are recomm5d$1 b ! be/ /ill seems to be ! old phosphor pa/e1 :i* %\ld be plac$ on pieces ( pap] 9 ! haunts ( ! insects 9 ! ev5+1 & remov$ ! next morn+1 a fre% supply be+ put d[n e two or ?ree days s long z "o ( ! insects rema9s4 ,,slugs1 ,,snails1 ,,& ,,woodlice ,to combat ^! is m a "q ( dilig5ce ?an any?+ else4 ,! old rem$ies to attract !m1 su* z lettuce leaves1 or holl[$ halves ( potatoes1 are /ill effective1 & a walk r\nd ! h\ses ) a light at night nev] goes unrew>d$4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,p]iodical ,,inspection ,:5ev] ! "t is to be sp>$1 x is a good plan to ov]haul "o or o!r ( ! sections ( ,or*ids ?or\ghly1 & to h a m g5]al inspection z soon z possible aft] ! w9t] has pass$1 & at ! end ( ! summ]1 ?is latt] inspection be+ ! m important4 ,cleanl9ess 9 ev]y?+ ar\nd ,or*ids is "o ( ! mo/ important aids to successful culture1 &1 dur+ ! p]iodical inspections1 plants :i* are n clean %\ld be cleans$1 _! pots :]e x is requir$ wa%$1 & ! /ag+ & any "p ( ! h\se requir+ x ?or\ghly cleans$ be=e ! plants are re>rang$4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( ! "w c]ta9 plants :i* w\ld be b5efit$ by be+ repott$1 or divid$1 w be f\nd1 & ^! %\ld be giv5 att5tion4 ,! wat] 9 ! tub 9 :i* ! gre5 deposit on ! pots has be5 remov$ by scrubb+1 & z mu* ( ! o!r wat] us$ 9 cleans+ z c be dealt )1 %\ld be p\r$ d[n a dra9 outside ! ,or*id h\se4 ,if ?r[n on ! floor ( ! h\se1 x leaves an unpleasant od\r1 :i* is h>mful & la/s a long "t4 ,dur+ ! inspection at ! end ( ! summ] ! /ag+ %\ld be repair$ :]e necess>y1 ! heat+ app>atus c>efully ov]haul$ & defects made good1 9 ord] to m9imise ! risk ( hav+ to d ! "w dur+ ! cold wea!r4 ,:]e x is deem$ advisable to black ! hot-wat] pip+1 use only lamp-black & oil4 ,pa9t gives (f injuri\s gases = a consid]able "t1 & :]e p]sons h be5 incauti\s en\gh to use gas-t> ! mo/ lam5table results h foll[$1 ! mis*ief la/+ = ye>s4 ,^! p]iodical inspections & re>rangem5t ( ! plants are also useful 9 prev5t+ ! same plants occupy+ ! same positions = too long a "t4 ,a *ange ( position 9 ! h\se is b5eficial1 ev5 :]e ! plants are n cr[d$2 b 9 collections :]e ! plants are closely arrang$1 to *ange _! positions frequ5tly1 goes f> to mitigate ! evil aris+ f want ( space4 ,9 prep>+ = a ?or\gh inspection ( ! plants 9 a h\se1 x is desirable to remove a numb] ( ! plants to ano!r h\se to make room to exam9e ! re/ )\t risk ( breakage1 ! plants remov$ at ! comm5cem5t be+ return$ to fill ! space rema9+ aft] ! "w has be5 complet$4 ,! ,or*id gr[] is always suppos$ to h ! plants "u 8 direct inspection & to treat !m ) individual c>e1 b ^! occasional reviews (t5 reveal defects 9 "s ( ! specim5s :i* w\ld o!rwise h escap$ = "s consid]able "t4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,or*ids ,,= ,,! ,,cons]vatory ,!re are _m dwell+-h\ses ( mod]ate pret5sions1 especially 9 t[ns & suburban di/ricts1 9 :i* ! sole accommodation = plant-gr[+ consi/s ( ! cons]vatory adjo9+ ! h\se1 & ?is is1 9 mo/ cases1 heat$ by "o or o!r ( ! simple means at comm& = ! purpose4 ,! cont5ts ( su* /ructures are usually unsatisfactory1 ! ,pel>goniums1 ,fu*sias1 & o!r s(t-wood$ plants :i* are arrang$ ) "s ( ! h>di] ,palms & ,f]ns be+ drawn into sp9dly gr[?1 :i* results 9 a mis]able supply ( fl[]s = a %ort season1 & aft]w>ds 9 decay+ foliage1 :i* is n ornam5tal4 ,q a new int]e/ w\ld op5 up to ! own]s ( su* places 7 !y to turn _! att5tion to acquir+ f "t to "t a few ( ! ,or*ids :i* are n[ to be procur$ z *eaply z ! less suitable plants1 su* z ,pel>goniums4 ,already "s successes h be5 record$ 9 ?is direction4 ,let u consid] ! diff]5t classes ( cons]vatories1 & ! species mo/ likely to succe$ 9 !m4 ,to take fir/ ! commone/ k9d ( small cons]vatory atta*$ to villa g>d5s4 ,^! are unheat$ /ructures except 9 ! w9t] mon?s1 :5 ! temp]ature _c be kept f gett+ bel[ #de deg4 ,fahr4 )\t ! aid ( "o ( ! oil-/ove heat+ app>atus1 or heat turn$ on f ! pipe connect$ ) ! kit*5 range1 :]e arrangem5ts = do+ s h be5 provid$4 ,^! means ( apply+ artificial heat %\ld be us$ z little z possible1 & only to prev5t ! temp]ature fall+ bel[ #de deg4 ,fahr41 = 9 conf9$ spaces & ) su* means ( heat+1 ! atmosph]e is bett] = ! plants )\t ! use ( artificial heat1 :5ev] ! h\se c be kept f gett+ too cold )\t x4 ,9 su* cons]vatories1 _m ( ! ,odontoglossums1 ,masdevallias1 ,oncidium v>icosum1 ,o4 crispum1 ,o4 praetextum1 ,o4 ,g>dn]i1 ! pretty sc>let ,sophronitis gr&iflora1 ,epid5drum vitell9um1 ,lyca/e ,sk9n]i1 ,cyprip$ium insigne1 ,disa gr&iflora1 & a numb] ( o!r pretty & inexp5sive species c be gr[n satisfactorily1 especially if ! ,oncidiums1 ,sophronitis1 ,odontoglossum ,rossii majus1 & o!r ( ! small] species be plac$ 9 baskets = susp5d+1 a means ( cultivation :i* suits !m be/1 & adds to _! decorative effect4 ,! next /ep is ! l>g] cons]vatory adjo9+ _m t[n & suburban dwell+s4 ,^! are heat$ by a small boil] ) hot-wat] pipes1 a means1 x %\ld be said1 :i* is ! only satisfactory me?od ( heat+ glass /ructures4 ,to ! species indicat$ = ! small] & less safely heat$ /ructures may be add$ a v wide range ( subjects ( great beauty4 ,9 su* a /ructure ! ,palms supply+ decorative foliage may be mu* re/rict$1 or entirely disp5s$ )1 z ,cymbidium ,l[ianum1 ,c4 giganteum1 ,c4 ,tracyanum1 & any o!rs ( ! section hav+ ev]gre5 leaves ( mu* grace1 are decorative plants at all seasons1 & possess ! fur!r advantage ( be+ furni%$ ) f9e spikes ( fl[]s = sev]al mon?s 9 ! ye>4 ,^! l>ge & /rong-gr[+ species are specially adapt$ = ! cons]vatory1 an ,or*id h\se be+ unnecess>y = !m4 ,to ! heat$ cons]vatory also may n[ be h&$ ov] ! %[i] species & hybrids ( ! ,s\? ,am]ican ,cyprip$iums 7,sel5ip$iums71 :i*1 probably because ( _! v free-gr[+ nature r5d]+ !m too l>ge = ! ,or*id h\se1 & ! ready mann] 9 :i* !y may be increas$1 h caus$ !m to be slight$ lately by gr[]s ( collections ( ,or*ids4 ,! air ( ! cons]vatory1 r dri] ?an t ( ! ,or*id h\se1 suits ^! plants admirably4 ,_! bright ev]gre5 foliage & tall sprays ( :ite & rose1 or gre5i% fl[]s t+$ ) purple1 :i* (t5 by succession keep ! specim5s 9 bloom = six mon?s 9 ! ye>1 r5d] !m beautiful & int]e/+ subjects = ! cons]vatory4 ,! /ronge/ & be/ k9ds to be acquir$ are ,sel5ip$ium longifolium1 ,s4 ,s$5ii1 ,s4 c>d9ale1 ,s4 calurum1 ,s4 gr&e1 ,s4 ,s*ro$]ae1 & ,s4 albo-purpureum4 ,cyprip]ium ,*>leswor?ii1 ,c4 ,spic]ianum1 & ,c4 ,leeanum %\ld also be add$4 ,! l>g]1 heat$ cons]vatories might well be furni%$ ) ! ,or*ids recomm5d$ r ?an ! plants g5]ally us$ = decorat+ !m1 = ^! h to be *ang$ frequ5tly4 ,! ,or*ids1 if c>efully t5d$1 w gr[ p]man5tly 9 ! cons]vatory & be a s\rce ( nev]-fail+ int]e/4 ,9 ^! l>ge cons]vatories1 ,/anhopeas 9 baskets = susp5d+ are ornam5tal plants1 & ,sobralias on ! floor or c5tral b$ w\ld prove satisfactory4 ,to ^? enum]at$ _m m might be add$1 b 9 all cases x is be/ to get only ev]gre5 k9ds1 :i* may be gr[n cont9u\sly 9 ! same h\se4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,or*ids ,,z ,,cut ,,fl[]s ,or*ids hav+ fl[]s ) p]si/5t p]ian?s1 9 :i* ! segm5ts d n drop z 9 _m o!r fl[]s1 are ( ! highe/ value = cut fl[]s1 z "s or o!r ( !m c be obta9$ 9 e mon? 9 ! ye>4 ,l>ge quantities ( ! l>ge-fl[]$ ,cattleyas1 especially ,c4 labiata1 ( ,c4 ,h>risoniana & its ne> ally ,c4 ,loddigesii1 ,odontoglossum crispum1 ,o4 ,pescatorei1 ,d5drobiums1 & o!r %[y ,or*ids are gr[n = cut fl[]s 9 nurs]ies :]e ,or*ids are n requir$ = o!r ?an m>ket purposes4 ,9 _m private g>d5s1 also1 ! same k9ds ( ,or*ids are gr[n = decorative purposes1 ev5 )\t a desire to gr[ a g5]al collection4 ,^? :o arrange = a g5]al collection ( ,or*ids z _! prim>y object (t5 cut ! fl[]s = _! own use1 or to give to _! fri5ds1 & ! foll[+ rem>ks may be useful to all classes ( gr[]s4 ,a l>ge proportion ( ! fl[]s ( ,or*ids us$ = decorative purposes are 9 a great degree wa/$ by be+ cut 9 an immature /ate soon aft] ! buds h exp&$4 ,su* fl[]s la/ b a v %ort "t1 &1 if us$ = decoration by night1 are only pres5table = "o ev5+4 ,or*id fl[]s %\ld n be cut until !y are fully mature & _! tissues h>d5$4 ,!y la/ long] ev5 if !y are cut aft] !y are pa/ _! be/1 ?an !y d if cut too soon aft] exp&+4 ,:5 mature1 ! fl[]s require less support f moi/ure pass+ up ! /em ?an mo/ fl[]s1 b if cut 9 an undevelop$ /ate suffici5t moi/ure _c be obta9$ ?r\gh ! /ems1 ev5 if well suppli$ ) wat]1 to cont9ue ! developm5t1 & ! petals droop & ! fl[]s soon )]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,v ,,brasso-,,cattleya ,,digbyano-,,mossiae ,,we/onbirt ,,v>iety 7,rais$ f a cross betwe5 ,brassavola ,digbyana & ,cattleya ,mossiae47 ,:5 ,or*id fl[]s are to be us$ = decorative purposes1 no matt] 9 :at /age ( developm5t !y may be1 x adds greatly to _! durability if !y are plac$ head d[nw>d1 ?or\ghly imm]s$ 9 clean wat] 7ra9-wat] = pref]5ce71 & kept s imm]s$ until an h\r or s be=e !y are set up1 g5tly %ak+ ! wat] f !m1 & plac+ !m on a clo? or "s dry1 cool surface until want$4 ,treat$ 9 ?is way1 ,or*id fl[]s w la/ = weeks in/ead ( days4 ,! me?od %\ld be to take !m out ( ! d9+-room or o!r place :]e !y h be5 us$ aft] ! gue/s h dep>t$ ea* ev5+4 ,h ready a l>ge e>!nw>e pan fill$ ) wat]1 & 9 x imm]se ! ,or*id fl[]s1 leav+ !m imm]s$ until %ortly be=e !y are requir$ to be set up aga9 next day1 repeat+ ! same treatm5t e night4 ,manag$ 9 ?is way1 sprays ( ,odontoglossums & o!r ,or*ids (t5 la/ = weeks1 & look bett] ?an fre%ly cut immature fl[]s d ev5 on ! fir/ day4 ,fl[]s receiv$ by po/ %\ld always be treat$ to ! ba? = "s h\rs1 &1 dur+ imm]sion1 any defects :i* are rep>able w be made good & ! duration ( ! fl[]s ensur$1 especially if ! imm]sion be repeat$ z be=e recomm5d$4 ,9 ?is way ,masdevallia1 ,sobralia1 & o!r fugaci\s fl[]s may be us$ = decorative purposes = two ev5+s at lea/1 b 9 ! abs5ce ( imm]sion !y w\ld )] 9 a v %ort "t4 ,x might also be said t ! ,maid5hair ,f]n1 also ,asp>agus plumosus1 & o!r foliage us$ ) ! cut ,or*ids are mat]ially b5efit$ by imm]sion1 ! ,maid5hair ,f]n especially2 x %\ld always be kept imm]s$ until requir$ = use4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,import+ ,,or*ids ,_m int]e/+ ,or*ids h be5 import$ by amateurs :o h fri5ds or correspond5ts 9 ! c\ntries :i* ! ,or*ids inhabit1 & _m m w\ld h arriv$ alive if ! p]sons :o s5t !m possess$ "s k ( ! be/ me?ods ( collect+1 pack+1 & =w>d+ ! plants4 ,! want ( ?is k (t5 results 9 ! tr\ble ! collector has tak5 be+ 9 va91 & disappo9tm5t to ! receiv] :o gets ! dead plants & has to tell 8 correspond5t ! sad tale ( failure4 ,or*ids %\ld be ga!r$ & =w>d$ dur+ _! re/+ season1 & ) a suffici5t "t betwe5 _! be+ s5t (f & _! natural gr[+ season to all[ ( ! p]iod ( _! transit be+ made be=e _! re/+ season expires4 ,?is rule is (t5 ne$lessly violat$ by ^? :o are settl$ 9 ! di/rict f :5ce !y are s5d+ ! ,or*ids1 & :o c\ld easily wait until ! re/+ season comes r\nd4 ,= ^? :o are travell+ & h to take ! ,or*ids :5 !y c & 9 :atev] condition !y may be1 h[ev]1 !re is "s excuse1 & by c>efully =w>d+ ! plants1 ev5 al?\gh at ! wrong season1 _m may get !m ov] alive4 ,resid5ts 9 ! tropics (t5 gr[ a collection ( ,or*ids1 br++ to ! g>d5s ar\nd _! resid5ces ! plants collect$ 9 di/ant p>ts ( _! di/ricts4 ,^! gr[]s h a notion t cultivat$ plants are ! be/ to s5d _! correspond5ts1 !re=e1 al?\gh !y c\ld collect fre% plants1 !y ?9k x saf] to s5d ^? 9 _! own g>d5s4 ,^! are ! v wor/ plants to travel4 ,!y are usually collect$ 9 high localities1 & _! soj\rn 9 a g>d5 results 9 l[]$ vitality1 :i* expla9s :y a l>ge proportion die dur+ ! j\rney to ?is c\ntry4 ,fre%ly collect$ plants1 9 :atev] /age !y may be1 are ! be/1 ! ideal conditions be+ to take ! plants at mid-re/+ season1 to h ! case to receive !m b5ea? ! trees on :i* !y are gr[+1 to pack !m (f at once to a %ipp+ ag5t at ! port ( emb>kation1 to cat* a /eam] previ\sly tim$1 & to consign ! case or cases to a reliable %ipp+ ag5t 9 ,engl&4 ,ano!r cause ( mortality 9 ,or*ids dur+ transit arises f ! mi/ak5 notion t ! plants require to be prep>$ by dry+ be=e pack+1 & ?is practice is cont9u$ s long & rigor\sly 9 _m cases t ! plants are half dead be=e !y are despat*$4 ,no su* prep>ation is ne$$2 ! plants %\ld be pack$ at once aft] collect+1 & any moi/ure :i* may be 9 !m w escape ?r\gh ! small holes 9 ! case4 ,! p>cels po/ is available f _m p>ts ( ! tropics1 & f "s places x is ! only reliable means ( gett+ ,or*ids ov] 9 a reasonable "t4 ,b x is only available = small lots1 & = ^! x =ms ! be/ means ( =w>d+4 ,un=tunately1 !re are drawbacks ev5 to ^! means1 = ! p>cels1 especially f "s ports1 are frequ5tly /[$ 9 hot *amb]s on bo>d ! mail /eam]1 ! object be+ to keep ! mails dry1 & plant-life is de/roy$ by ! excessive heat4 ,epiphytal ,or*ids ) pseudo-bulbs1 su* z ,cattleyas1 ,laelias1 & ,epid5drums1 if collect$ at or ne> ! prop] season1 require v little pack+4 ,! cases be+ ready1 x is necess>y to place a lay] ( plants at ! bottom1 ) _! heads all fac+ "o way4 ,! next lay] is plac$ ) ! heads ! rev]se way1 & s on until ! box is full ( plants firmly press$ 91 b n suffici5tly close to cause injury4 ,dur+ ! pack+ a few /ruts ( wood %\ld be plac$ across ! inside & fa/5$ by nails driv5 into _! ends f ! outside2 ^! w prev5t ! plants f =m+ a mass & roll+ ab\t :5 ! boxes are mov$4 ,a few small holes %\ld be bor$ 9 ! boxes to admit a little air4 ,leafy epiphytal ,or*ids1 su* z ,phala5opsis1 ,a]ides1 ,v&as1 & ,saccolabiums1 may be =w>d$ 9 ! same way1 b ) a spr9kl+ ( f9e pap] cutt+s1 lay]s ( pap]1 f9e b n res9\s %av+s1 or dry moss betwe5 ea* r[ ( plants4 ,9 respect to species :i* d n possess pseudo-bulbs x is absolutely necess>y t !y be s5t at ! prop] re/+ season1 if =w>d$ 9 bulk 9 boxes4 ,phala5opsis = s5d+ at any "t are prep>$ by collectors 9 ,java & ! ,philipp9es by e/abli%+ ! plants on blocks4 ,!y are almo/ ! only tempor>ily cultivat$ ,or*ids :i* (t5 travel well :5 s manag$1 & !y are usually s5t fa/5$ r\nd ! sides & backs ( ,w>dian cases1 a me?od :i* is some:at co/ly4 ,t]re/rial ,or*ids1 su* z ,phaius1 ,calan!s1 & o!rs ) above-gr\nd pseudo-bulbs1 if collect$ at ! prop] re/+ season1 travel well pack$ 9 cases ( mod]ate size & ) a little dry pack+ mat]ial plac$ betwe5 ! r[s4 ,! dang] ) ^! k9ds is t ! pseudo-bulbs1 be+ s(t & conta9+ mu* moi/ure1 are liable to decay1 & a few damag$ plants may cause ! loss ( all conta9$ 9 ! box4 ,tub]\s-root$1 t]re/rial ,or*ids ( ! same nature z ! ,briti% ,or*is1 & includ+ ! ,african ,disas1 & ,satyriums1 also ! ,hab5>ias ( diff]5t regions1 %\ld be m>k$ :5 9 fl[] & lift$ 9 ! re/+ season1 ! tub]s be+ plac$ 9 small boxes ) a spr9kl+ ( ne>ly dry s&y peat or s&1 run 9 betwe5 ! tub]s4 ,if !re are sev]al diff]5t k9ds to be =w>d$1 all ! small boxes conta9+ !m may be pack$ toge!r 9 a l>g] box4 ,next to ! tr\ble caus$ by loss 9 transit is t ( hav+ plants arrive )\t any means ( id5tification4 ,! collector %\ld be c>eful to write ! "n ( e specim5 on an imp]i%able label1 or1 bett] /ill1 s5d ea* "u a numb] & =w>d a numb]$ li/ ) ! names correspond+ to ! numb]s on ea* k9d s5t4 ,^? :o are collect+ ,or*ids %\ld1 z (t5 z possible1 dry specim5s ( ! gr[? & fl[]s ( ea* k9d1 =w>d+ "o set1 numb]$ simil>ly to ! set reta9$1 to _! correspond5t1 or to "s au?ority1 = id5tification4 ,a description or r\gh sket* ( ! plant %\ld be giv5 on ! same %eet z ! dri$ specim5s1 /at+ su* important p>ticul>s z col\r ( fl[]s1 altitude ( habitat1 & exact locality4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,import$ ,,or*ids ,mu* dep5ds on ! condition ( ! importations1 :e!r !y h be5 collect$ at ! prop] "t1 & :e!r !y h be5 prop]ly pack$ & =w>d$4 ,_m import$ ,or*ids (f]$ = sale _c possibly d well1 z f improp] pack+ !y h heat$1 or be5 subject$ to excessive heat or cold :il/ on bo>d4 ,cases ( ,or*ids await+ transit are (t5 left on ! l&+s 9 ! full sun & become p>tially desiccat$1 ?\gh :ile dry /ill reta9+ a gre5 appe>ance4 ,su* collectors' failures die rapidly z soon z heat & moi/ure are giv51 &1 ev5 9 ! case ( ^? :i* seem to e/abli% a heal?y appe>ance ( ! pseudo-bulbs1 gr[? is n possible1 z ! gr[?-buds h be5 dri$ up4 ,x is wa/e ( "t try+ to br+ su* plants r\nd1 !re=e c>e %\ld be tak5 n to pur*ase !m at any price4 ,import$ ,or*ids ( all k9ds %\ld be trimm$ ov] z soon z !y are receiv$1 ! damag$ p>ts remov$1 & ! plants plac$ 9 a cool-int]m$iate temp]ature aft] !y h be5 spong$ ov]4 ,!y may be susp5d$ = a few days & aft]w>ds plac$ 9 small pots ( brok5 crocks4 ,pseudo-bulb\s ,or*ids1 su* z ,odontoglossums & ,cattleyas1 %\ld n be wat]$1 b !y may be spong$ occasionally until gr[? comm5ces1 :5 !y %\ld be pott$ 9 ! usual mann]4 ,a]ides1 ,saccolabiums1 ,v&as1 ,angraecums1 & o!r ,or*ids n hav+ pseudo-bulbs may be treat$ 9 ! same way z ! pseudo-bulb\s k9ds1 x be+ probably ! saf] & m cauti\s policy4 ,b good results1 & a quick] e/abli%m5t may be secur$1 if ! plants are recov]able by imm]s+ !m = five m9utes 9 a ra9-wat] tank imm$iately on arrival1 susp5d+ !m head d[nw>ds f ! ro( ( ! h\se aft]w>ds1 & repeat+ ! dipp+ two or ?ree times a week4 ,?is me?od has ! advantage at lea/ t ^? :i* 7 n recov]able are quickly discov]$1 :ile ! s\nd plants soon plump up4 ,) all import$ plants !re is no use pott+ !m p]man5tly & wat]+ !m until gr[? comm5ces1 b !y mu/ n be kept too hot 9 ! meantime4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,od\rs ,,( ,,or*ids ,_m ,or*ids h fragrant fl[]s1 :ile 9 "s sections ! fragrance is emitt$ by ! :ole plant4 ,a l>ge numb] ( ,burmese & ,indian1 highl& ,or*ids1 su* z ,d5drobium mos*atum1 ! section ( decidu\s ,bulbophyllums :i* includes ,b4 auricomum1 ,b4 hirtum1 ,b4 comosum1 & ,b4 suavissimum1 h leaves t on becom+ dry aft] fall+ give (f a /rong od\r ( newly-m[n hay1 ! plants also 9 all _! p>ts be+ simil>ly sc5t$ :5 dry1 ev5 ! cases conta9+ !m be+ pleasantly sc5t$ by ! plants4 ,! od\rs ( ,or*id fl[]s may g5]ally be lik5$ to well-kn[n p]fumes4 ,tri*opilia suavis1 ,miltonia ,roezlii1 & o!rs are sc5t$ l ! ,rose2 ,odontoglossum odoratum & "s o!r ,odontoglossums1 ,maxill>ia picta & o!r ,maxill>ias1 l ! ,haw?orn4 ,c]ta9 ,maxill>ias ( ! ,m4 luteo-alba section are sc5t$ l ,honeysuckle1 & od\r simil> to ! ,tub]ose is giv5 (f by _m ,angraecums4 ,"s h a mu* /rong] od\r at night ?an 9 ! day1 a peculi>ity :i* is f\nd 9 ,epid5drum nocturnum1 ,e4 cili>e1 & _m species4 ,vanilla is a common sc5t 9 ,or*ids1 be+ pres5t 9 "s ,v&as4 ,! od\r ( ,violets is furni%$ by ,d5drobium het]oc>pum & o!rs ( its class1 & ! ,primrose1 ,wallfl[]1 & o!r common g>d5 plants h _! exact imitators 9 ! matt] ( sc5t 9 "s tropical ,or*ids--inde$1 x is an int]e/+ subject to consid] h[ plants resemble ea* o!r 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,!n !re are l>ge numb]s ( ,or*ids ) su* delicate od\rs t "s are unable to appreciate !m1 b !y are specially grateful to ^? :o detect !m4 ,aga91 "s ,or*ids h diff]5t od\rs at diff]5t times 9 ! day4 ,x is n safe1 !re=e1 to decl>e a plant sc5tless unless x has be5 te/$ repeat$ly at diff]5t times4 ,v>iation 9 od\r has be5 notic$4 ,we rememb] fl[]+ ! fir/ ,odontoglossum hebraicum1 & on te/+ x its od\r 0 ( c9namon4 ,x pass$ to ,sir ,trevor ,lawr5ce's collection1 & we ask$ ! late ,mr4 ,spy]s to te/ ! od\r1 & he repli$ t x 0 ( ,haw?orn1 l o!rs ( its class4 ,he te/$ x sev]al times ) ! same result1 b = "s "t be=e x pass$ (f he report$ to u t x smelt exactly l c9namon4 ,!n !re are od\rs 9 ,or*ids ab\t :i* op9ions are divid$ z to :e!r !y are pleasant or n4 ,oncidium orni?orhyn*um is an example2 "s l ! od\r ( x v mu*1 :ile x is disagreeable to o!rs4 ,! same applies to ,anguloas1 "s ,lyca/es & ,/anhopeas ) /rongly aromatic sc5t1 :i* are pleasant at a di/ance1 b n s :5 too closely approa*$4 ,b ! majority are di/9ctly pleasant1 ,cattleya ,d[iana & its hybrids1 ,c4 ,eldorado & o!rs1 be+ delicately fragrant4 ,a v few are malodor\s1 ,bulbophyllum ,becc>i n be+ tol]able "u any circum/ances1 ! fl[]s smell+ l "s ( ! ,/apelias4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,hybridis+ ,,& ,,rais+ ,,se$l+ ,,or*ids ,a new int]e/ has be5 add$ to ,or*id culture by ! pursuit ( hybridis+ & rais+ se$l+ ,or*ids1 :i* comm5c$ ) ,calan! ,dom9yi1 rais$ 9 ! nurs]ies ( ,messrs4 ,veit* & record$ 9 ! ,g>d5]s' ,*ronicle 9 #aheh4 ,! practice has n[ become g5]al1 & a l>ge numb] ( ,or*idi/s arrange = ! production ( new ,or*ids f se$s1 :ile ev5 9 small collections "s att5tion is giv5 to ! matt]4 ,:5 ! engross+ pursuit is fir/ tak5 up1 ! op]ator %\ld neglect no opportunity to make himself conv]sant ) ! /ructure ( ! fl[]s4 ,?is may be done effectually by c>efully exam9+ any available fl[]s1 & by mak+ longitud9al sections ( ! bloom by cutt+ !m 9 two1 comm5c+ at ! apex ( ! column & f9i%+ at ! ov>y & p$icel4 ,?is op]ation exposes ! v>i\s organs t are conc]n$ 9 ! f]tilisation ( ! fl[]4 ,9 mo/ ,or*ids1 su* = in/ance z ,laelias & ,cattleyas1 x w be se5 t ! poll5 masses are situat$ at ! apex ( ! column cov]$ by ! an!r cap1 ! /igma be+ 9 a cavity 9 ! face ( ! column b5ea? x4 ,9 ,cyprip$ium !re are two develop$ an!rs2 ! visc\s poll5 masses are n enclos$ 9 cases1 b are plac$ opposite ea* o!r2 ! /igma is a %ield-%ap$ body se5 inside ! lip on ! "u side ( ! column1 & ! /igmatic surface is n visc\s4 ,! details ( ! /ructure ( ! fl[]s be+ fully und]/ood1 x w readily be se5 t ! fir/ process 9 ! production ( se$s is to f]tilise ! fl[] int5d$ to be> ! se$ capsule ) ! poll5 ( ! o!r p>5t select$4 ,?is is readily accompli%$ by lift+ ! poll5 masses b5ea? ! an!r-cap ) a ?9 p5cil or %>p5$ /ick & plac+ !m on ! /igmatic surface ( ! se$-be>+ p>5t4 ,fl[]s :i* are int5d$ to be f]tilis$ = se$-be>+ %\ld h _! own poll5 c>efully remov$ be=e ! poll5 tak5 f ! o!r plant is introduc$1 ! poll5 remov$ be+ us$ to effect ! rev]se cross1 or to f]tilise ano!r species if desir$4 ,9 f]tilis+ small fl[]s ) ! poll5 ( l>g] species1 z 9 ! case ( ,sophronitis gr&iflora ) ! poll9ia ( ! l>g] species1 ! poll5 masses may be cut & a portion ( x us$ 9 cross+ ! small] fl[]4 ,:5 ! fl[] ( a plant has be5 f]tilis$1 ! plant %\ld receive special att5tion2 if x is a ,cattleya1 ,laelia1 or "o ( ! l>ge-gr[+ epiphytes1 x %\ld1 aft] ! pseudo-bulb be>+ ! fl[] has _h a numb] atta*$ to x correspond+ to ! numb] 9 ! /ock-book 9 :i* ! crosses are record$1 be susp5d$ f ! ro( 9 a com=table & n draughty situation4 ,if ! plant is 9 a pot1 ! pot %\ld be plac$ 9 a basket & susp5d$2 or if a suitable position c be f\nd on ! /age1 x c\ld be plac$ on an inv]t$ pot to br+ x into prom95ce & secure = x c>eful att5tion4 ,:]e !re is a numb] ( se$-be>+ plants1 !y %\ld be arrang$ toge!r 9 ! respective h\ses 9 :i* !y are gr[n4 ,e>ly 9 its developm5t1 ! se$ capsule %\ld be support$ by ties1 :i*1 h[ev]1 %\ld n br+ x into an unnatural position1 or press tightly on ! "p support$4 ,f ?is "t failure may arise f ! conflict+ natures ( ! ag5ts us$1 or f v>i\s causes4 ,ev5 ! production ( a f9e & seem+ly mature fruit is n a c]ta9 indication ( good se$s1 = se$ capsules h be5 produc$ by irritation ( ! /igmatic surface by grit or du/1 b no f]tile se$s c be ?us produc$4 ,on approa*+ maturity1 a tie %\ld be made r\nd ! middle ( ! capsule to prev5t loss ( se$ :5 ! splitt+ ( ! capsule takes place1 &1 :5 x is ?or\ghly mature1 x %\ld be remov$1 plac$ 9 a fl[]-pot l9$ ) tissue-pap]1 & put on a %elf 9 a dry pott+-%$ until s ?or\ghly ripe t ! se$s are be+ %$ 9 ! tissue-pap] cov]+4 ,at ?is /age x is possible = ! fir/ "t to det]m9e :e!r ! se$1 or any ( x1 is good or n4 ,exam9ation ) a /rong l5s w %[ :e!r ! m9ute se$s are good or n by ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( ! embryo 9 ! c5tre ( ! elongat$ cov]+1 :i* 9 imp]fectly develop$ specim5s is *aff-l & n ?ick5$ 9 ! middle z are good se$s4 ,:]e no good se$s are f\nd1 x is ! cu/om ( "s gr[]s to disc>d x at once1 & :]e b few good se$s appe>1 attempts are made to disc>d ! *aff & to reta9 ! suppos$ good ones = s[+4 ,:]e space admits1 h[ev]1 especially ) ! beg9n]1 x w\ld be m prud5t to s[ a portion ( ! cont5ts ( ! capsule1 :e!r suppos$ to be good or n4 ,,se$ ,,s[+ ,a numb] ( ! se$s ( all se$ capsules %\ld be s[n z soon z !y are ready1 ! rema9d] be+ c>efully /or$ = s[+ lat] if requir$1 ! se$s s[n & ^? reta9$ be+ c>efully m>k$ ) ! numb] 9 ! record book4 ,! mann] ( s[+ ! se$s v>ies 9 diff]5t e/abli%m5ts1 satisfactory results hav+ be5 obta9$ "u v dissimil> conditions4 ,failure at fir/ is ! usual record ( ! amateur tak+ up ,or*id hybridisation1 al?\gh "s few get fairly good success f ! comm5cem5t1 :ile ^? :o h _h a run ( bad luck usually conqu] 9 ! end if !y p]sev]e4 ,a sci5tific reason = "s failures has be5 giv51 namely1 t an endophytic fungus said to be necess>y to ! developm5t ( ! fre%ly g]m9at$ se$s is want+ 9 ! e>ly /ages1 b may be develop$ naturally aft] a "t1 & a bett] /ate ( gr[? result4 ,be t z x may1 x is a curi\s fact t ! l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 failure & success 9 ! matt] ( rais+ se$l+ ,or*ids is v n>r[1 &1 :5 ! op]ator succe$s 9 rais+ a fair proportion ( ! se$s s[n1 he is g5]ally surpris$ at 8 =m] want ( success1 app>5tly "u practically simil> conditions4 ,=m]ly ! common practice 0 to s[ ! se$s on ! surface ( ! mat]ial 9 :i* ! p>5t plant 0 gr[+1 or a plant ( "s k9dr$ v>iety4 ,?is practice has be5 g5]ally satisfactory & cont9ues 9 mo/ amateur collections to ! pres5t day4 ,a plant 9 a basket1 or susp5d$ pan or pot1 is be/1 ! subject be+ *os5 = ! good quality ( ! peat1 ,osmunda fibre1 or :atev] mat]ial ! plant may be gr[+ 94 ,! ,sphagnum-moss on ! surface %\ld be clipp$ v %ort1 ! plant ?or\ghly wat]$ ) ra9 wat]1 & all[$ to dra9 = a few h\rs4 ,! se$s %\ld be s[n a few at a "t1 on ! po9t ( a knife or ?9 /rip ( h>d wood or ivory1 & c>efully & ev5ly di/ribut$ ov] ! surface ( ! mat]ial 9 :i* ! select$ plant is gr[+4 ,9 all cases ! numb] ( ! record 9 ! /ock-book %\ld be atta*$1 a small celluloid tablet fa/5$ by a ?9 wire be+ ! be/ label1 z x is clean & durable4 ,hybrids ( ,laelia1 ,cattleya1 & o!r true epiphytes %\ld be susp5d$ 9 a w>m1 int]m$iate h\se1 & ,cyprip$iums & t]re/rial ,or*ids may be s[n 9 a simil> mann] 9 ! pots ( ei!r ! se$-be>+ subject or simil> k9ds & plac$ 9 a moi/1 %elt]$ corn] ( a h\se1 9 :i* a g5ial w>m? is ma9ta9$1 ! plants be+ elevat$ on inv]t$ fl[]-pots4 ,once ! se$s are s[n1 ! plants fo/]+ !m %\ld nev] be all[$ to get dry4 ,odontoglossum se$s come up be/ :5 s[n on ! surface ( e/abli%$ plants 9 ! mann] describ$4 ,to ensure ! be/ results two or ?ree s[+s ( ea* %\ld be made1 & ! plants be>+ ! fre%ly s[n se$s plac$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! h\se1 "s be+ susp5d$ & o!rs plac$ on ! /age4 ,! ma9t5ance ( a cont9ual & ev5 am\nt ( moi/ure aft] s[+1 & until ! se$l+ plants s5d =? roots1 is ( ! highe/ importance4 ,to wat] ei!r ) a sp\t$ or a rose pot ov]head w\ld wa% ! se$s away4 ,to avoid ?is1 "s resort to ! practice ( dipp+ ! plants on :i* ! se$s are s[n1 all[+ ! wat] to rea* only to )9 an in* ( ! surface ( ! compo/4 ,?is is bett] ?an wat]+ ov]head4 ,spray+ ) ra9-wat] is an excell5t means ( secur+ uni=m moi/ure1 al?\gh x requires m c>e & att5tion ?an dipp+4 ,! spray] is a great help 9 all /ages ( se$l+ ,or*id gr[?1 n only z a means ( convey+ moi/ure direct1 b by spray+ ar\nd ! plants & on ! /ag+ x is a great aid to ma9ta9+ a moi/ atmosph]e4 ,let ! moi/ure be convey$ 9 :atev] mann] x may1 x mu/ n be =gott5 t ! se$s w p]i% soon aft] g]m9ation if all[$ to get q dry1 ei!r f failure ( moi/ure 9 ! mat]ial on :i* !y are s[n1 or f an excessively dry air surr\nd+ !m4 ,aga9/ ! above-m5tion$ practice ( s[+ ! se$s on e/abli%$ plants1 x is urg$ t 9 t way !re is no c]ta9 means ( keep+ ! diff]5t crosses f be+ mix$1 by reason ( ! se$s ( "o k9d gett+ into ! wat]-tank & be+ ?us convey$ & mix$ ) o!rs2 & by se$s fall+ f plants susp5d$ ov]head & com+ up on plants b5ea?1 & 9 o!r unexpect$ places4 ,su* acquisitions1 ?\gh (t5 v acceptable1 are puzzl+1 z !re is no record ( _! orig91 or if !y come up among/ se$s :i* h a record1 ! *ance introductions sometimes h a wrong p>5tage assign$ to !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vi ,,cymbidium ,,l[io-,,eburneum 7,?is plant has be5 comm5d$ = its culture on two sep>ate occasions by ! ,r4,h4,s47 ,to less5 su* risks1 x is ! cu/om ( "s gr[]s to arrange a se$-rais+ case1 con/ruct$ l an ord9>y propagat+ case1 9 =m l a m9iature lean-to1 or span-ro($ ,or*id h\se4 ,?is is arrang$ ov] a "p ( ! /ag+ :]e !re is a slight w>m? f ! hot-wat] pipes4 ,! /ag+ has a few in*es ( cocoa-nut fibre1 or *opp$ ,osmunda fibre1 f9e balla/1 or o!r moi/ure-hold+ sub/ance1 & on ?is a numb] ( inv]t$ fl[]-pots are closely arrang$ to =m /&s = ! pots or pans 9 :i* ! mat]ial = s[+ ! se$s on is plac$3 or a light1 op5 wood-"w /ag+ is arrang$4 ,! fav\rite surface = s[+ ! se$s on is prep>$ by /ret*+ a small squ>e ( co>se calico or f9e light musl9 %ad+ mat]ial ov] a ball ( ,sphagnum-moss1 & press+ x into a #fj or small #dh size fl[]-pot1 s t ! unwr9kl$ convex surface ( ! ball has ! c5tre j bel[ ! level ( ! rim ( ! pots1 ! sides be+ l[]4 ,^! are ?or\ghly soak$ & all[$ to dra9 be=e s[+ ! se$s on !m1 & !y are !n plac$ on ! inv]t$ pots 9 ! case4 ,! cov]+ ( ! case is sometimes ( ! nature ( h+$ sa%es to lift f ! front1 b ! mo/ conv5i5t & be/ cov]+ is t =m$ ( %eets or panes ( glass cut ab\t "o foot wide & ( a l5g? suffici5t to cov] ! frame1 by re/+ "o end on a groove 9 ! front side ( ! case1 & ! o!r on ! top b>4 ,a suffici5t numb] ( ^! %eets ( glass %\ld be provid$ to cov] ! frame2 !y are excell5t1 z !y give a c]ta9 means ( cont9ual v5tilation 9 "s degree ?r\gh ! laps ( ! glass1 ev5 :5 clos$1 & !y may be closely or op5ly arrang$ to regulate ! am\nt ( air admitt$4 ,su* pieces ( glass c easily be remov$ to inspect ! se$l+s4 ,:at is commonly call$ coddl+ causes great mortality among ,or*ids1 & 9 ?is p>ticul> ! use ( se$l+ cases1 if n v c>efully & s5sibly work$ is less likely to be satisfactory ?an s[+ ! se$s on plants gr[+ 9 ! h\ses4 ,too mu* heat is v h>mful4 ,odontoglossums prov$ difficult to raise at fir/1 & ?is 0 ma9ly because ! se$l+s 7 kept too w>m & close4 ,if ! cultures are c>ri$ on 9 ! ,odontoglossum h\se1 success is g5]ally atta9$1 al?\gh ! products are seldom s num]\s z 9 ,cattleya1 ,laelia1 & ,cyprip$ium hybrids4 ,ano!r plan adopt$ by "s gr[]s1 & ) tol]able success1 is to place squ>es ( ,osmunda fibre 9 pans1 & aft] soak+ !m1 s[ ! se$ on !m4 ,o!rs h discs ( s(t wood1 su* z ,will[1 cut across ! gra9 & plac$ 9 fl[]-pots or pans ) ! fibre ( ! wood-gra9 upp]mo/2 aft] soak+ ! discs1 ! se$s are s[n on !m4 ,:5 n rais$ 9 glass cases1 r\nd or squ>e pieces ( glass are plac$ on ! pots4 ,inde$1 !re is ample evid5ce t1 provid$ good se$s are s[n & plac$ 9 a suitable temp]ature1 ,or*id se$s g]m9ate readily4 ,! fir/ sign ( vitality is giv5 by ! good se$s assum+ a gre5 appe>ance2 9 "t !y become little sph]ical gre5 bodies1 :i* lat] produce a gr[+ po9t2 9 due c\rse ! true root appe>s1 & ! little plants are ready = prick+ (f or transplant+ into previ\sly prep>$ /ore pots prep>$ ) a good dra9age ( small crocks or brok5 *>coal 9 ! bottom1 "s ,osmunda fibre or o!r ,or*id pott+ mat]ial1 & an in* or s ( v f9e compo/ =m$ ( decay$ leaves1 ,osmunda fibre1 or good ,or*id peat & ,sphagnum-moss 9 equal p>ts1 ! :ole rubb$ toge!r ?r\gh a f9e sieve4 ,"s add a proportion ( s& to ?is compo/4 ,! :ole %\ld be ?or\ghly well wat]$ be=e ! t9y se$l+s are plac$ a qu>t] ( an in* or s ap>t 9 small holes 9 ! surface ( ! compo/ & spray$ to settle !m 9 position4 ,up to ?is /age ! greate/ mortality is obs]v$4 ,wide crosses betwe5 species ( dissimil> nature1 & :i* h up to ! production ( ! gr[? po9t or root appe>$ to be do+ well1 hav+ %[n t !y did n belong to ! unf]tile1 sudd5ly collapse4 ,^? :i* h tak5 a long "t to g]m9ate h fall5 victims to ! m9ute fungi1 & o!r l[ =ms ( vegetable organism1 :i*1 comm5c+ at "o or two spots1 h gradually ov]gr[n ! surface ( ! pot & de/roy$ !m4 ,! /rong] are (t5 de/roy$ by small insects1 :ile drip1 h[ev] c>efully gu>d$ aga9/1 claims its %>e ( ! spoil4 ,^! ?+s are specially vex+ to ! amateur :o is work+ 9 a small way4 ,to ! exp]t cultivator :o has a multitude ( subjects 9 h&1 & ^: me?ods & appliances mitigate ! evils1 ! losses are n s s]i\s1 = :5 ,or*id se$s g]m9ate freely !y provide = losses :5 s[n on a l>ge scale4 ,no?+ is ga9$ by remov+ ! little se$l+s f ! se$ pot or basket too e>ly4 ,if ?riv+1 !y %\ld be left until !y are l>ge en\gh to be h&l$ safely4 ,b :]e !re is ov]cr[d+1 or damp+ (f1 or decay f fungus1 x is be/ to remove "s or all ( ! little se$l+s 9 any /age ( gr[? to ! /ore-pots4 ,! /ore-pots %\ld be return$ to ! se$l+ case1 or plac$ on a %elf ne> ! glass 9 a w>m1 moi/ h\se1 :]e ! se$l+s %\ld increase 9 size until !y are ready to remove to fre% /ore-pots1 :5 !y may be giv5 m room2 or if l>ge en\gh1 !y may be plac$ s+ly 9 ?imble pots1 or ?ree or f\r se$l+s may be plac$ r\nd ! rims ( ?umb pots4 ,se$l+ ,odontoglossums1 :5 l>ge en\gh to occupy ?imble pots1 are f\nd to ?rive well :5 ! pots are fix$ 9 pans or %all[ se$-boxes 9 ,sphagnum-moss1 & plac$ on a %elf ne> ! glass 9 ! ,odontoglossum h\se1 :]e1 l o!r se$l+ ,or*ids1 !y %\ld be lightly spray$ sev]al times ea* day 9 f9e1 w>m wea!r1 & z (t5 z may be deem$ necess>y 9 cold] & dull wea!r4 ,f ! "t ! little plants are e/abli%$ 9 small pots until _! fl[]+ /age1 x is only a matt] ( ord9>y culture1 al?\gh1 z a rule1 ! small se$l+s are saf] ) f\r or five degrees m heat ?an is af=d$ ! e/abli%$ plants4 ,9 ! matt] ( gr[? f ! se$l+ /age to ! fl[]+ plant1 !re is b little ne$ ( a re/+ season1 ev5 ) species su* z are decidu\s :5 mature1 al?\gh a dim9i%$ supply ( wat] may be giv5 = a %ort "t to any :i*1 hav+ complet$ a gr[?1 %[ no sign ( develop+ a fre% "o4 ,9 mo/ cases1 a ?or\gh dry+1 ev5 if x does n de/roy a se$l+1 causes ! fl[]+ season to be delay$ by a ye>1 or ev5 long]4 ,! c>eful %ad+ ( ! se$l+ h\se is a v important matt]4 ,v "y plants d be/ 9 a subdu$ light1 & until !y are q /rong plants !y %\ld n be expos$ to direct sunlight4 ,a hot summ] (t5 kills ev5 ! plants :i* h be5 br\ght satisfactorily ?r\gh a long w9t]4 ,x is1 !re=e1 advisable to h on ! se$l+ h\se1 9 addition to ! la? roll] bl9d1 runn+ on supports c>ry+ x well above ! glass ( ! ro(1 ei!r a second la? roll] bl9d runn+ an in* or s above ! glass & b5ea? ! upp] "o1 or a p]man5t ?9 cotton %ad+1 :i* may be tack$ on 9 spr+ & left until autumn2 or1 pref]ably1 s fitt$ t x c be roll$ up :5 x is n requir$4 ,,selection ,,( ,,subjects ,,= ,,hybridis+ ,! be/ v>ieties procurable %\ld always be select$ = hybridis+1 x hav+ be5 prov$ t crosses orig9ally made ) indiff]5t v>ieties are mu* f9] :5 rais$ aga9 f m c>efully select$ v>ieties4 ,!re seems to be no c]ta9 limit to ! possibility ( cross+2 ev5 ! mo/ dissimil> g5]a may be cross$ ) "s probability ( gett+ a successful result4 ,,pott+ ,,mat]ial ,,= ,,hybrid ,,or*ids ,f ! "t ! little plants are well e/abli%$ 9 s+le pots1 ! same pott+ mat]ial us$ = all ( _! k9d may be employ$1 ! plants 9 ! e>li] /age hav+ ! pott+ mat]ial 9 a f9] condition ?an t provid$ = ! l>g] plants z !y approa* ! fl[]+ /age4 ,z ) o!r important op]ations1 9 ,or*id pott+ & 9 ! mat]ial us$ ! practice v>ies consid]ably1 ev5 9 ! be/ collections1 & ?is po9ts to ! fact t if ! accommodation is good1 ! h\ses prop]ly heat$1 & o!r details ( culture c>efully c>ri$ out1 ! exact composition ( ! pott+ mat]ial is ( m9or importance4 ,= ,cattleya & ,laelia hybrids & a l>ge numb] ( epiphytes gr[n ) !m ! compo/ is made by te>+ up ! mat]ials ) ! h&1 or 9 "s o!r way :i* w n break ! fibres v mu*4 ,osmunda fibre =ms "o-half to two-?irds ( ! compo/1 ! o!r ?ird be+ made up ( good ,sphagnum-moss & ,oak leaves or o!r decay$1 dryi% leaves4 ,we d n recomm5d leaf-soil or leaf-m\ld1 :i* 0 =m]ly /rongly advocat$1 especially by ,cont95tal gr[]s1 :o us$ x ) disa/r\s results4 ,! mo/ t is done n[ is to mix a proportion ( x ) o!r pott+ mat]ial = ,lyca/es1 ,calan!s1 ,phaius1 & simil> /rong-gr[+ t]re/rial ,or*ids4 ,= mix+ ) ! compo/ = hybrid ,or*ids1 "s use cru%$ crocks1 s&1 *>coal1 & a small proportion ( ea* or ei!r may be employ$ safely1 al?\gh !re is no real ne$ = su* mat]ials4 ,polypodium fibre may also be sub/itut$ = ,osmunda fibre1 or a proportion ( ea* may be us$4 ,or*id peat fibre1 :i* us$ to be ! *ief pott+ mat]ial = ,or*ids1 is /ill p]haps z good z any ( ! o!r fibres1 provid$ a really good quality c be obta9$1 a matt] :i* has become increas+ly difficult4 ,= ,cyprip$iums1 & especially ,sel5ip$iums1 a proportion ( good1 fibr\s loam %\ld be add$ to ! compo/ recomm5d$ = epiphytal ,or*ids1 ! proportion ( loam be+ increas$ z ! plants get l>g]4 ,phaius1 ,calan!s1 ,zygopetalums1 ,zygocolax1 & o!r plants ( a simil> "* %\ld also h a proportion ( loam-fibre 9 ! compo/1 & 9 ^! cases ,or*id peat may be sub/itut$ = ,osmunda fibre1 if x is ( good quality4 ,s f> z x has be5 te/$1 ,osmunda fibre has an advantage ov] o!r fibres1 9 t x is m durable1 reta9+ its fibre intact long] ?an any o!r4 ,osmunda fibre & ,polypodium fibre 9 equal proportions1 ) an addition ( leaves & ,sphagnum-moss1 make an excell5t mat]ial = all "y1 epiphytal ,or*ids1 ! f9] ,polypodium fibre1 if well work$ 91 giv+ sub/ance to ! m op5 ,osmunda fibre4 ,= v small plants x is well to rub ! mixture ?r\gh a co>se sieve1 b aft] ! e>ly /ages ! use ( ! sieve %\ld be discont9u$1 & ! compo/ c>efully mix$ ) ! h&s4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,enum]ation ,,( ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,g5]a ,,& ,,species ,,9 ,,cultivation ,acan?ophippium4--,a small g5us ( t]re/rial plants ) oblong pseudo-bulbs1 & broad1 plicate leaves4 ,scape erect1 fl[]s v5tricose1 yell[ & r$di%-purple4 ,w>m h\se4 ,pot 9 equal p>ts ( turfy loam1 peat1 & leaves4 ,re/ dry aft] ! leaves fade & gr[? is complet$4 ,! mo/ famili> species are ,a4 bicolor1 ,a4 javanicum1 & ,a4 /riatum4 ,ac9eta4--,! species ( ,ac9eta are epiphytal ,or*ids ) /\t pseudo-bulbs & broad1 coriace\s leaves4 ,! fl[]s are produc$ 9 p5dul\s racemes2 !y are fle%y1 :iti%1 or yell[1 & spott$ ) purple or br[n4 ,!y %\ld be gr[n 9 baskets susp5d$ 9 ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,a4 ,b>k]i1 ,a4 d5sa1 & ,a4 ,humboldtii are free-gr[+ species4 ,acrop]a4 ,see ,gongora4 ,ada4--,cool-h\se g5us f ,colombia4 ,leafy ev]gre5 plants ) racemes ( orange-sc>let fl[]s4 ,ada aurantiaca is almo/ ! sole repres5tative ( ! g5us 9 g>d5s1 & %\ld be gr[n ev5 9 ! smalle/ collections4 ,a]an?us4 ,see ,angraecum4 ,a]ides4--,a l>ge g5us ( ev]gre5 ,or*ids ) di/i*\sly arrang$1 lea!ry1 gre5 leaves1 ! /em produc+ air-roots freely4 ,natives ( ,india1 ! ,malay ,ar*ipelago1 & o!r p>ts ( t region1 ext5d+ to ,japan4 ,all ! species ( ,a]ides may be gr[n 9 pots1 crock$ f "o-half to two-?irds ( ! way up1 ! old /ems ( ! plants1 :5 long1 be+ plac$ 9 ! pots be=e ! crocks are fill$ 94 ,! surface %\ld be ( good liv+ ,sphagnum-moss1 & ! plants %\ld be lib]ally wat]$ f ! end ( ,febru>y or beg9n+ ( ,m>* until autumn1 :5 ! supply ( wat] %\ld be re/rict$ accord+ to ! condition ( gr[? ( ! plants4 ,^? :i* h f9i%$ _! gr[? & are n %[+ new leaves 9 ! c5tre %\ld be giv5 ! lea/ supply1 b x is n advisable to dry any (f completely1 unless = "s reason !y h to be kept comp>atively cool ?r\gh\t ! w9t]1 :5 !y are safe/ if kept tol]ably dry4 ,! small] species may be gr[n 9 baskets ) advantage :5 conv5i5t--inde$1 ! true epiphytal "* ( ! :ole g5us w\ld sugge/ t me?od z ! bett]1 b exp]i5ce has prov$ t !y may be equally well gr[n 9 pots4 ,! w>m h\se1 or w>m end ( ! int]m$iate h\se1 suits all ! species1 b ,a4 japonicum may be gr[n 9 ! cool h\se4 ,mo/ ( ! species h :ite & rose-col\r$ fl[]s1 & !y are v fragrant4 ,a4 odoratum1 "o ( ! olde/ ( g>d5 ,or*ids1 is "o ( ! be/ & mo/ free-gr[+ species4 ,a4 crispum1 ,a4 crassifolium1 ,a4 ,field+ii1 ,a4 ,h\lletianum1 ,a4 falcatum1 ,a4 ,lawr5ciae1 ,a4 multiflorum 9 its _m =ms1 ,a4 qu9quevuln]a1 ,a4 suavissimum1 & ,a4 vir5s are ! be/ = amateurs4 ,a4 cyl9dricum & ,a4 ,v&>um h t]ete leaves l ,v&a t]es1 ! =m] ) :ite fl[]s1 hav+ a fle%y yell[ & r$ lip1 & ! latt]1 :i* is m membrane\s 9 sub/ance1 be+ :ite4 ,al?\gh (t5 confus$ ) ea* o!r 9 g>d5s1 !re is little resemblance betwe5 ^! two species4 ,aganisia4--,?is g5us ?rives be/ 9 ,or*id pans 9 ! int]m$iate h\se1 9 ! ord9>y compo/ us$ = epiphytal ,or*ids1 ) an addition ( leaves4 ,place ! plants 9 a moi/ situation4 ,a4 ca]ulea is ( trail+ habit1 & has blue & :ite fl[]s4 ,a4 ionopt]a is :ite & purple1 & ,a4 lepida :ite4 ,angraecum4--,a l>ge g5us *iefly f ,africa & ,madagasc>1 & requir+ simil> treatm5t to ,a]ides4 ,botani/s h divid$ ! g5us into ,a]an?us1 ,li/ro/a*ys1 ,my/acidium1 c41 b = g>d5 purposes ! "o g5]ic title suffices4 ,! fl[]s ( ne>ly all ! species are :ite & fragrant1 _m ( !m be+ furni%$ ) long1 gre5i% spurs4 ,a repres5tative selection c\ld be made ) ,a4 arcuatum1 ,a4 ,ellisii1 ,a4 ,humblotii1 ,a4 infundibul>e1 ,a4 ,kots*yi1 ,a4 mode/um1 ,a4 ,scottianum1 ,a4 sup]bum 7eburneum71 & ,a4 sesquip$ale1 ! la/-nam$ ,madagasc> species be+ ! f9e/ ( ! g5us4 ,anguloa4--,colombian & ,p]uvian ,or*ids ( /rong gr[?1 & simil> 9 habit to ,lyca/e4 ,! fl[]s are usually produc$ s+ly on upright /ems4 ,pot 9 two-?irds peat & "o-?ird ,sphagnum-moss or ,osmunda fibre4 ,:5 good loam fibre c be obta9$1 a small proportion may be add$4 ,int]m$iate h\se4 ,re/ tol]ably dry & cool aft] gr[? is complet$4 ,a4 ,cl[esii1 yell[2 ,a4 ,ruck]i1 yell[ & d>k-r$2 ,a4 uniflora & its v>iety eburnea1 :ite4 ,anoecto*ilus4--,a dw>f g5us ) fle%y1 creep+ /ems & v h&somely m>k$ leaves4 ,! plants %\ld be gr[n 9 %all[ ,or*id pots1 us+ a mixture ( "o-?ird peat1 & loam & leaves 9 equal p>ts well mix$ toge!r1 add+ "s f9ely brok5 crocks4 ,! plants %\ld be plac$ 9 a moi/ corn]1 or susp5d$ 9 a %ady "p ( a w>m1 moi/ h\se4 ,!y root along ! /ems1 & may be increas$ by cutt+ ! lead+ portions ) a root or two & leav+ ! bases to break into new gr[?4 ,) ! ,anoecto*ili1 & (t5 "u ! same g5]ic title1 are usually associat$ ,doss9ia m>morata 7,a4 ,l[ii71 ) broadly ovate1 olive-gre51 ve9$ leaves2 ,macodes ,petola1 em]ald-gre5 ve9$ ) gold2 ,haem>ia discolor1 d>k bronzy-r$ ve9$ ) copp] col\r1 (t5 nam$ ,goody]a ,dawsoniana1 & plants ( simil> "*4 ,! fl[]s ( mo/ ( ! species are :ite4 ,!y are sometimes gr[n 9 plant cases1 or "u bell glasses1 b if ! prop] position 9 a w>m1 moi/ h\se c be f\nd1 !y are bett] )\t ^! cov]+s4 ,propagation r5ews ! vig\r ( ! plants & prev5ts !m deg5]at+1 z !y (t5 d 9 cultivation if left undi/urb$ = too long a p]iod4 ,ansellia4--,a f9e g5us ( "s half-doz5 species peculi> to ,natal & ,tropical ,africa1 & gr[+ f "o to six feet 9 height1 ! leafy pseudo-bulbs hav+ at ! top f9e1 bran*$ spikes ( yell[ fl[]s1 m or less b>r$ or spott$ ) purple4 ,pot z = epiphytal ,or*ids1 & gr[ 9 ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,wat] ! roots lib]ally until ! fl[]+ is pa/1 & !n re/ ! plants 9 cool & dry conditions4 ,a4 africana is n only mo/ commonly gr[n1 b x is "o ( ! f9e/ species4 ,o!rs1 "s ( :i* are m]e v>ieties ( ,a4 africana1 are ,a4 confusa1 ,a4 gigantea1 ,a4 nilotica1 & ,a4 congo5sis4 ,ara*nan!4--,?is is a small g5us ( w>m-h\se plants possess+ extraord9>y habits1 & includ+ ! ,bornean ,a4 ,l[ii 7,v&a ,l[ii71 a v /rong-gr[+ species :i* be>s droop+ racemes ( gre5i%-:ite fl[]s b>r$ ) r$4 ,! two basal blooms are dissimil> or dimorphic bo? 9 %ape & col\r1 be+ tawny yell[ spott$ ) purple4 ,! plants %\ld be gr[n 9 pots or baskets z ,a]ides4 ,o!r species are ,a4 ,ca?c>tii 7,himalaya7 & ,a4 mos*if]a 7,malaya74 ,a4 ,ca?c>tii w ?rive 9 ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,b>k]ia4--,! ,b>k]ias =m a section ( ,epid5drums4 ,!y %\ld be gr[n 9 baskets or susp5d+ pans 9 ! cool int]m$iate h\se4 ,!y require a dry & cool re/+ p]iod4 ,b>?ol9a4--,! ,b>?ol9as are dw>f1 t]re/rial ,or*ids ( ,s\? ,africa4 ,!y %\ld be pott$ 9 loam1 peat1 & s&1 & cultivat$ on a gre5h\se %elf4 ,re/ dry & cool4 ,b4 pect9ata is ! only species 9 g>d5s4 ,batemannia & ,bollea4 ,see ,zygopetalum4 ,bifr5>ia4--,pot ^! z recomm5d$ = epiphytal ,or*ids1 & gr[ !m 9 ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,b4 ,h>risoniae is ! f9e/ species4 ,o!rs wor?y ( cultivation are ,b4 aurantiaca1 ,b4 bicorn>ia1 ,b4 inodora1 ,b4 tyrian?9a1 & ,b4 vitell9a4 ,brassia4--,! ,brassias are epiphytal ,or*ids ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 & may be gr[n 9 ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,! mo/ famili> species are ,b4 bra*iata1 ,b4 caudata1 ,b4 ,lawr5ceana1 & ,b4 v]rucosa4 ,br\ghtonia4--,b4 sangu9ea is a pretty1 crimson-fl[]$ species f ,jamaica4 ,b4 lilac9a is also a f9e species1 ?\gh r>ely se5 9 g>d5s4 ,br\ghtonias %\ld be gr[n on b>e rafts susp5d$ 9 ! w>m or int]m$iate h\se4 ,brassavola4--,a small g5us ) :ite1 fragrant fl[]s4 ,b4 ,digbyana1 a species ) l>ge1 fr+$-lipp$ fl[]s1 has be5 mu* us$ by ! hybridi/4 ,brassavolas may be gr[n ) ! ,cattleyas4 ,bulbophyllum4--,a widely di/ribut$ g5us :i* may be divid$ into two sections--! decidu\s1 *iefly ,burmese1 requir+ a dry re/+ season2 & ! ev]gre51 :i* %\ld n be /rictly dri$ (f4 ,all ! species ?rive 9 a w>m1 int]m$iate h\se1 ) cool] re/ = ! decidu\s & highl& species4 ,! g5us is "o ( ! mo/ v>i$ & rem>kable1 & full collections ( !m are gr[n by "s amateurs4 ,calan!4--,^! are t]re/rial ,or*ids1 :i* may be divid$ into two sections--! ev]gre5 ( ! ,c4 v]atrifolia class2 & ! decidu\s1 compris+ ,c4 ve/ita1 ,c4 ,veit*ii1 & num]\s o!r species & hybrids :i* are ext5sively gr[n = fl[]+ 9 w9t]4 ,pot !m 9 a compo/ ( "o-half fibr\s loam1 "o-f\r? ,sphagnum-moss1 & "o-f\r? leaves1 ) a spr9kl+ ( s&4 ,re/ ! decidu\s section dry aft] fl[]+1 & repot !m :5 gr[? comm5ces 9 spr+4 ,wat] lib]ally ) occasional applications ( liquid manure1 :i* %\ld be )held :5 ! gr[? is complet$4 ,catasetum4--,! ,catasetums are curi\s1 epiphytal ,or*ids1 :i* %\ld be gr[n 9 baskets1 or ,or*id pans1 susp5d$ 9 ! int]m$iate h\se1 & treat$ 9 a simil> mann] to ! decidu\s ,d5drobiums4 ,!y require a long1 dry re/ aft] ! gr[?s are complet$4 ,all ! species are wor?y ( cultivation1 ,c4 ,bung]o?ii1 ,c4 spl5d5s1 & ,c4 macroc>pa be+ ! m %[y k9ds4 ,cattleya4--,"o ( ! l>ge/1 mo/ v>i$1 & florally beautiful g5]a ( ,or*ids4 ,! plants %\ld be pott$ z recomm5d$ = epiphytal ,or*ids1 & !y %\ld be gr[n 9 ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,! ,c4 labiata section1 includ+ ,c4 ,gaskelliana1 ,c4 ,mossiae1 ,c4 ,m5delii1 ,c4 ,d[iana & its v>iety aurea1 ,c ,w>scewiczii1 ,c4 ,w>n]i1 & ,c4 ,s*ro$]ae 9 succession1 produce fl[]s = ! great] "p ( ! ye>4 ,c4 citr9a %\ld be gr[n 9 ! cool h\se1 susp5d$ f ! ro(4 ,cattleyas & ,laelias are impati5t ( a close atmosph]e1 & !re=e ! prop] v5tilation ( ! h\se 9 :i* !y are gr[n is an important matt]4 ,c4 ,trianae1 v> ,hydra1 is illu/rat$ 9 ,plate ,,iv4 ,*ysis4--,a small g5us ( int]m$iate-h\se epiphytes1 compris+ ,c4 bractesc5s1 :ite2 ,c4 aurea & ,c4 laevis1 yell[ & r$2 ,c4 ,limm+hei1 & sev]al hybrids4 ,cirrhopetalum4--,a section ( ,bulbophyllum1 ( simil> habit1 & requir+ simil> treatm5t4 ,! curi\sly =m$ fl[]s frequ5tly h ! upp] segm5ts fr+$1 & ! lat]al ones approa*$ & cont9u$ into sl5d] tails4 ,cirrhaea4--,alli$ to ,gongora1 & requir+ simil> treatm5t4 ,co*lioda4--,a compact-gr[+ g5us to be gr[n ) ! ,odontoglossums4 ,c4 ,noezliana1 sc>let1 has be5 a f9e species 9 ! h&s ( ! hybridis]1 & 9 ! future may give u ,sc>let ,odontoglossums4 ,c4 vulcanica has deep rose-col\r$ fl[]s4 ,coelia4--,!re are sev]al species ( ,coelia1 & !y require to be gr[n 9 ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,coelogyne4--,a v l>ge g5us ( two di/9ct sections1 t repres5t$ by ,c4 cri/ata be+ ev]gre52 ! ,pleione or ,indian crocus section decidu\s1 & requir+ to be treat$ z t]re/rial ,or*ids1 :ile ! l>g] section are epiphytal4 ,! epiphytal sections are w>m & int]m$iate h\se plants4 ,! ,pleiones %\ld be gr[n 9 a cool h\se1 & re/$ q dry aft] ! leaves fade & until gr[? aga9 comm5ces4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vii ,,oncidium ,,m>%allianum ,comp>ettia4--,^! are small-gr[+ epiphytes4 ,gr[ 9 small baskets or hang+ pans 9 ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,c4 falcata1 r$1 ,c4 macroplectron1 pale rose2 spott$2 & ,c4 speciosa1 sc>let1 are ! be/ species4 ,colax4--,a small g5us ( cool-h\se ,or*ids alli$ to ,lyca/e1 & requir+ simil> treatm5t4 ,c4 jugosus has be5 cross$ ) ,zygopetalums ) good results4 ,coryan!s4--,^! are simil> 9 habit to ,/anhopea4 ,! plants %\ld be gr[n 9 baskets susp5d$ 9 ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,! /ructure ( ! l>ge1 fle%y fl[]s is mo/ rem>kable1 & "s int]e/+ p>ticul>s relat+ to _! f]tilisation by insect aid h be5 record$ 9 ! ,g>d5]s' ,*ronicle 7,july #ag1 #ahig1 p4 #ca74 ,cycno*es4--,( simil> habit & requirem5ts to ,catasetum4 ,! plants are be/ gr[n 9 baskets & susp5d$4 ,!y %\ld be re/$ cool & dry ) ! decidu\s ,d5drobiums4 ,c4 *loro*ilon 7,swan ,or*id71 ,c4 ,eg]tonianum1 ,c4 ,loddigesii1 ,c4 maculatum1 ,c4 p]uvianum1 & ,c4 p5tadactylon are f9e species4 ,cymbidium4--,^! are %[y1 l>ge-gr[+ ,or*ids = ! int]m$iate h\se or w>m cons]vatory4 ,pot ! plants 9 equal proportions ( fibr\s loam1 peat1 & ,sphagnum-moss4 ,c4 giganteum1 ,c4 ,l[ianum1 ,c4 gr&iflorum1 & ,c4 ,tracyanum are ! mo/ commonly gr[n4 ,c4 eburneum1 ,c4 ,ma/]sii1 ,c4 insigne1 & ,c4 ery?ro/ylum are f9e1 :ite species1 ! latt] two ) rose m>k+s on ! lip4 ,!re are num]\s hybrids4 ,c4 ,l[io-eburneum1 a cross f ,c4 ,l[ianum1 & ,c4 eburneum is illu/rat$ 9 ,plate ,,vi4 ,cynor*is4--,t]re/rial ,or*ids f ,tropical ,africa & ,madagasc>1 requir+ to be gr[n 9 ! w>m h\se 9 moi/ & %ady conditions4 ,! fl[]s are g5]ally ( rose col\r4 ,cyprip$ium4--,?is is "o ( ! l>ge/1 mo/ useful1 & mo/ prolific g5]a1 :i*1 al?\gh commonly kn[n 9 g>d5s z ,cyprip$ium1 may be divid$ into sev]al di/9ct classes4 ,mo/ ( ^? g5]ally kn[n 9 g>d5s z ,cyprip$iums h be5 t]m$ ,paphiop$ilum1 includ+ ,c4 b>batum1 & ,c4 ,ro?s*ildianum1 & ! gre5-leaf$ class1 m commonly kn[n 9 g>d5s z ,sel5ip$ium1 are n[ t]m$ ,phragmop$ilum4 ,! "n ,cyprip$ium1 h[ev]1 has s firm a hold on cultivators t x is conv5i5t to reta9 x 9 g>d5+ h&books4 ,! ,cyprip$iums h v num]\s hybrids1 & _! numb]s increase annually4 ,an enum]ation is !re=e impossible )9 ! scope ( ?is "w4 ,all require to be treat$ z t]re/rial ,or*ids1 a proportion ( fibr\s loam 7see ! *apt] on pott+ t]re/rial ,or*ids7 be+ add$ 9 proportion to ! /r5g? ( ! subject1 ! l>ge/ proportion be+ giv5 to ! /ronge/ gr[]s4 ,! ,sel5ip$ium1 or gre5-leaf$ section1 %\ld be pott$ 9 fibr\s loam1 ) a spr9kl+ ( leaves & ,sphagnum-moss4 ,c4 insigne1 ,c4 ,spic]ianum1 ,c4 ,*>leswor?ii1 & o!rs ( ! class1 also hybrids ( !m1 may be gr[n 9 ! cool h\se4 ,c4 ,ro?s*ildianum1 ,c4 ,/onei1 & ! :ole ( t section require ! highe/ temp]ature1 b all may be gr[n successfully 9 an int]m$iate h\se4 ,c4 insigne ,s&]ae is illu/rat$ 9 ,plate ,i4 ,cyrtopodium4--,a /rong-gr[+ g5us ne$+ to be gr[n 9 ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,! plants %\ld be pott$ z t]re/rial ,or*ids4 ,c4 punctatum is ! %[ie/ & mo/ easily gr[n species4 ,d5drobium4--,"o ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ decorative g5]a ( epiphytal ,or*ids1 compris+ sev]al hundr$ species & a l>ge numb] ( hybrids4 ,prim>ily ! g5us may be divid$ into two classes--! ev]gre52 & ! decidu\s1 :i* lose _! leaves aft] ! completion ( ! gr[?s1 & %\ld h a protract$ dry re/+ season4 ,! ev]gre5 species h a %ort] & less rigor\s re/+ season accord$ !m4 ,! decidu\s class is exemplifi$ by ,d4 nobile1 ,d4 ,w>dianum1 ,d4 crass9ode1 & ! plants associat$ ) !m1 & _! hybrids2 & ! ev]gre5 species by ,d4 d5siflorum1 ,d4 ,f>m]i1 & ,d4 *rysotoxum4 ,d4 ,w>dianum1 ) #bfd fl[]s1 is illu/rat$ 9 ,plate ,,iii4 ,next1 ! g5us may be divid$ into two fur!r classes--^? requir+ a high temp]ature1 su* z ,d4 ,phala5opsis1 ,d4 sup]bum1 ,d4 atro-violaceum1 c42 & ^? :i* may be gr[n comp>atively cool1 :i* include ,d4 speciosum 7an excell5t plant = a sunny cons]vatory71 ,d4 monili=me f ,japan1 ,d4 aggregatum1 ,d4 ,j5k9sii1 & _m o!rs4 ,all ! species require a high temp]ature1 moi/ atmosph]e1 & an abundance ( wat] dur+ ! gr[+ season1 b %\ld be kept dri] & cool] aft] ! gr[? is complet$ to prep>e !m = fl[]+4 ,! species ) p5dul\s gr[?s %\ld be gr[n 9 baskets or susp5d$ pans4 ,diacrium4--,a section ( ,epid5drum1 ) holl[ pseudo-bulbs1 & :ite1 wax-l fl[]s4 ,d4 bicornutum is a v f9e species = ! w>m h\se4 ,disa4--,a g5us ( t]re/rial ,or*ids f ,africa1 be/ repres5t$ 9 g>d5s by ! f9e ,sc>let ,disa gr&iflora1 :i*1 ) ! o!rs ( its section1 ,d4 racemosa & ,d4 tripetaloides1 h produc$ _m beautiful hybrids4 ,^! are cool-h\se plants1 & %\ld be pott$ 9 a mixture ( peat1 ,sphagnum-moss1 s&1 & loam fibre4 ,!y are increas$ by (fsets1 &1 :5 repott$ soon aft] ! fl[]+ season1 ! /rong gr[?s %\ld be pott$ on = fl[]+1 & ! small] ones plac$ toge!r 9 /ore pans4 ,free dra9age %\ld be provid$1 & ! plants lib]ally wat]$ until !y fl[]4 ,aft] ?is /age1 cultivation 9 a cold frame = a few weeks be=e repott+ & return+ ! plants to ! cool h\se w b5efit !m4 ,! ,d4 gram9ifolia or ,blue ,disa section d n increase by /olons4 ,!y are hea? plants1 & %\ld be pott$ 9 s&y peat1 & kept q dry :5 !y lose _! leaves4 ,epid5drum4--,!re are ov] #djj kn[n species ( ?is g5us4 ,e4 vitell9um is a f9e orange-col\r$1 cool-h\se species4 ,all may be gr[n 9 ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,e4 ,o',bri5ianum1 ,e4 radicans1 & ,e4 ,b\ndii are f9e plants = cov]+ ! ends ( h\ses & back walls4 ,eria4--,an int]e/+ g5us1 compris+ _m curi\s1 & "s v pretty species4 ,!y are epiphytes1 & %\ld be gr[n 9 ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,! decidu\s species ne$ to be kept dry :5 at re/4 ,eriopsis4--,^! are epiphytal ,or*ids f ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,!y %\ld be gr[n 9 ! int]m$iate h\se1 & !y ne$ moi/ure & %ade4 ,e4 biloba & ,e4 rutidobulbon are ! be/-kn[n species4 ,eulophia4--,a l>ge g5us 9 :i* bo? ev]gre5 & t]re/rial plants are repres5t$4 ,gr[ !m 9 ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,eulophiella4--,! g5us includes two species f ,madagasc>1 ,e4 ,elisabe?ae1 :ite1 & ,e4 ,peet]siana1 rose4 ,gr[ !m 9 a moi/ position ( ! w>m h\se1 giv+ !m a lib]al supply ( ra9-wat]4 ,gale&ra4--,^! are decidu\s epiphytes1 ne$+ simil> cultivation to ,catasetum4 ,gomeza4--,alli$ to ,odontoglossum4 ,! fl[]s are yell[i%1 & are produc$ 9 racemes4 ,int]m$iate-h\se plants4 ,gongora4--,int]m$iate-h\se ,or*ids1 :i* %\ld be gr[n 9 baskets or susp5d+ pans to all[ ( ! full production ( _! long fl[]-spikes4 ,grammatophyllum4--,a g5us ( /rong-gr[+ epiphytal ,or*ids = ! w>m h\se4 ,g4 speciosum is a gigantic ,malayan species4 ,grobya4--,brazilian ,or*ids repres5t$ by ,g4 galeata & ,g4 ,amh]/iae4 ,int]m$iate h\se4 ,hab5>ia4--,t]re/rial ,or*ids4 ,h4 milit>is & ,h4 rhodo*eila are bright sc>let2 ,h4 c>nea1 fle% col\r2 ,h4 ,susannae1 ,h4 ,bonatea1 & ,h4 ,ug&ae1 tall-gr[+1 gre5 & :ite4 ,! two latt] species w gr[ 9 a cool h\se2 ! o!rs ne$ great] w>m?4 ,! ,nor? ,am]ican species are ne>ly h>dy1 & may be gr[n 9 a frame4 ,h\lletia4--,fragrant epiphytal ,or*ids f ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,int]m$iate h\se4 ,ionopsis4--,pretty1 sl5d]1 :ite & lilac species4 ,gr[ 9 small baskets 9 ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,laelia4--,"o ( ! l>ge/ & %[ie/ g5]a1 great fav\rites 9 g>d5s1 & f9e subjects 9 ! h&s ( ! hybridis]4 ,! ,mexican species ,l4 anceps1 ,l4 autumnalis1 ,l4 albida1 c41 us$ to be allott$ a special dryi% int]m$iate h\se1 b !y are n[ usually gr[n 9 ! int]m$iate or ,cattleya h\se1 & re/$ 9 a cool] v9]y or corridor4 ,all ! species require ! same treatm5t z ,cattleya4 ,lip>is4--,a g5us ( dw>f ,or*ids *iefly ( botanical int]e/4 ,int]m$iate h\se4 ,lisso*ilus4--,%[y t]re/rial ,or*ids1 *iefly f ,s\? & ,tropical ,africa4 ,!y %\ld be gr[n 9 w>m or cool conditions accord+ to _! habitats4 ,l4 ,krebsii & ,l4 speciosus are two h&some1 cool-h\se species2 ,l4 giganteus1 ,l4 ,horsfallii1 & o!rs ( ?is class require a w>m h\se4 ,be+ m>%y plants1 !y ne$ weak1 liquid manure :5 gr[+4 ,lu$demannia4--,a f9e g5us ( /rong1 ,ac9eta-l gr[? & p5dul\s racemes ( bronzy-orange col\r$ fl[]s4 ,! gr[?s are ?ree to five feet 9 l5g?4 ,! be/ species are ,l4 ,lehmannii1 ,l4 ,pescatorei1 & ,l4 triloba4 ,gr[ 9 baskets susp5d$ 9 int]m$iate h\se4 ,luisia4--,t]ete-leaf$ ,or*ids t may be gr[n 9 ! w>m h\se ) ! ,a]ides4 ,lyca/e4--,mo/ ( ! species ?rive 9 ! cool end ( ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,!y h be5 gr[n successfully 9 a compo/ 9 :i* decay$ leaves =m$ ! pr9cipal +r$i5t1 ! rema9d] be+ ei!r ,sphagnum-moss1 loam fibre1 or peat1 ) a little s& or f9e crocks add$4 ,9 "s collections ,l4 ,sk9n]i & "s ( ! o!r species are gr[n 9 ! cool h\se4 ,all ! species require to be kept z cool z possible 9 summ]4 ,masdevallia4--,dw>f1 tuft$ plants1 ) pretty & v>i$ fl[]s1 f high ranges 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,!y %\ld be gr[n 9 ! cool or ,odontoglossum h\se4 ,pot !m 9 equal proportions ( ,sphagnum-moss & peat1 ) a little s& & f9e crocks4 ,! species ( ,m4 *ima]a section %\ld be gr[n 9 susp5d+ baskets or pans1 & giv5 a r w>m] situation ?an ^? ( ! %[i] ,m4 ,h>ryana 7cocc9ea7 & ,m4 ,veit*iana sections1 be+ plac$ 9 ! cool end ( ! int]m$iate h\se 9 w9t]4 ,m4 tridactylites1 ,m4 ,o',bri5iana1 ,m4 iono*>is1 & _m o!rs =m an int]e/+ section ( dw>f ,or*ids1 ) s+ul>1 insect-l fl[]s4 ,! ,masdevallias require to be kept moi/ all ! ye>1 & are b5efit$ by occasional division :5 be+ repott$ 9 spr+ or late summ]4 ,maxill>ia4--,an ext5sive g5us1 widely di/ribut$ 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 & ext5d+ to ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,all ! species are int]m$iate-h\se plants1 requir+ ! ord9>y pott+ mat]ial = epiphytes4 ,! fl[]s are v>i$ 9 =m & col\r f ! :ite ,m4 gr&iflora & ,m4 v5u/a to ! l>ge cl>et-blot*$ ,m4 ,s&]iana4 ,_m ( ! species h fragrant fl[]s4 ,megacl9ium4--,a s+ul> g5us f ,tropical ,africa1 closely alli$ to ,bulbophyllum1 _! *ief *>act]i/ic be+ ! s+ul> flat ra*is ( ! infloresc5ce1 :i* be>s a s+le r[ ( insect-l1 br[ni% fl[]s on ea* side4 ,m4 ,bufo1 ! type species1 is probably n n[ 9 g>d5s4 ,m4 falcatum is ! commone/1 & ,m4 purpureora*is1 ,m4 tri/e1 & sev]al o!r species are sometimes se54 ,!y %\ld be gr[n 9 ! w>m h\se 9 baskets or pans4 ,micro/ylis4--,! species ( ,micro/ylis %\ld be gr[n z t]re/rial ,or*ids 9 ,sphagnum-moss & peat1 ) f9e crocks add$4 ,re/ ! decidu\s species 9 dry & cool] conditions4 ,miltonia4--,! ,miltonias are compact-gr[+ ,s\? ,am]ican epiphytes1 to be gr[n 9 pans elevat$ 9 a %elt]$ corn] ( ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,pot ! plants 9 ord9>y mat]ial = epiphytal ,or*ids1 & surface ! compo/ ) liv+ ,sphagnum-moss4 ,m4 vexill>ia1 ,m4 ,roezlii1 ,m4 ,w>scewiczii1 =m]ly includ$ 9 ,odontoglossum1 =m a section requir+ to be gr[n l ,odontoglossums1 b r w>m]4 ,?is section has be5 f\nd to ?rive well ) a good proportion ( leaves 9 ! compo/4 ,miltonia vexill>ia1 ,empress ,victoria1 is illu/rat$ 9 ,plate ,,ii4 ,mormodes4--,gr[ ^! ) ! ,catasetum & ,cycno*es1 & treat !m simil>ly by re/+ !m dry4 ,! g5us is a s+ul> "o1 ! curi\sly =m$1 g5]ally fragrant fl[]s be+ v attractive4 ,neob5?amia4--,n4 gracilis is an elegant1 :ite-fl[]$1 sl5d] species f ,tropical ,africa1 & x %\ld be gr[n 9 w>m-int]m$iate temp]ature4 ,nephelaphyllum4--,dw>f1 t]re/rial species = ! w>m h\se4 ,gr[ ) ,anoecto*ilus4 ,notylia4--,graceful epiphytes = baskets & susp5d+ pans4 ,int]m$iate h\se4 ,octom]ia4--,a g5us alli$ to ,pleuro?allis4 ,! fl[]s are usually :ite & r small4 ,odontoglossum4--,! ,odontoglossums are des]v$ly ! mo/ ext5sively gr[n g5us ( cool-h\se ,or*ids1 ! l>g] proportion ( ^? 9 g>d5s be+ repres5t$ by ,o4 crispum 7illu/rat$ 9 ,plate ,,viii471 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( ,or*ids4 ,! spott$ =ms (t5 realise v high prices4 ,cool1 moi/ h\ses are provid$ = ,o4 crispum & its section ( ,odontoglossum2 9 "s g>d5s sev]al h\ses are allott$ to ! species4 ,giv5 a suitable h\se & c>eful treatm5t1 ! ,odontoglossums are among ! easie/ ,or*ids to gr[1 & ! mo/ c]ta9 to fl[]4 ,all ! species g5]ally class$ ) ,o4 crispum %\ld be gr[n 9 well-dra9$ pots4 ,! compo/ 9 :i* !y are gr[n us$ to be =m$ exclusively ( ,or*id peat & ,sphagnum-moss1 &1 :]e ^! mat]ials c be obta9$ ( good quality !y h nev] be5 improv$ ^u4 ,!re came a craze 9 "s collections = putt+ ! ,odontoglossums 9 leaf-soil1 :i* end$ 9 disa/]1 al?\gh x indicat$ t a proportion ( dry leaves 7n leaf-soil7 may be us$ 9 ! compo/ ) advantage4 ,sc>city ( good ,or*id peat br\ght ab\t ! introduction ( ,polypodium fibre & ,osmunda fibre1 bo? excell5t mat]ials :5 prep>$ z recomm5d$ 9 ! *apt]s on ,pott+ ,epiphytal ,or*ids1 & ,hybrid ,or*ids4 ,= ! g5]al repott+ ( ^? requir+ x ,septemb] is ! be/ mon?1 b 9 e>ly spr+ ! plants %\ld be exam9$ 9 ord] to repot ^? :i* ne$ imm$iate att5tion4 ,! ,odontoglossum h\se mu/ be kept cool at all seasons1 & ! necessity to h l[] night temp]atures mu/ be /rictly recognis$4 ,free v5tilation %\ld be provid$1 b at all seasons :5 dry+1 ea/ w9ds prevail1 especially 9 w9t] & e>ly spr+1 ! bottom v5tilators %\ld be only op5$ slightly1 ! top ones be+ kept clos$2 ! laps ( ! glass ( ! ro( w admit suffici5t air4 ,moi/ure %\ld be freely di/ribut$ ab\t ! h\se by syr++ b5ea? ! /ag+ & betwe5 ! pots 9 summ]1 b 9 w9t] ! h\ses1 if kept at ! prescrib$ l[ temp]ature1 w be moi/ )\t mu* wat] be+ di/ribut$4 ,odontoglossum citrosmum1 ,o4 ,rossii1 ,o4 membranaceum1 & "s o!r ,mexican species %\ld be gr[n 9 baskets or pans2 ,o4 coron>ium & its v>ieties 9 oblong baskets2 ,o4 ,londesbor\ghianum on rafts4 ,odontoglossums require abundance ( wat]1 b are easily injur$ if all[$ to get sodd5$4 ,wat] %\ld !re=e be giv5 sy/ematically--a ?or\gh wat]+1 & no m until ! effect ( x is pass+ & ! /ill moi/ mat]ial is suffici5tly ne> ! dry po9t4 ,aft] fl[]+1 a less5$ supply %\ld also be giv5 = a "t1 b ! plants mu/ n be dri$ (f4 ,at ?is /age x is a good "t to repot any requir+ to be repott$4 ,9 ! cool h\ses1 & inde$ all ! ,or*id h\ses1 obs]vation %\ld be made z to ! rapidity ( evaporation ( wat] f ! floors & /ag+4 ,if ! moi/ure evaporates too quickly & ! floors & /ages become dry rapidly1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! conditions are n fav\rable to su/a9+ ! vitality ( ! plants 9 ! h\se1 =1 :]e rapid evaporation takes place1 a simil> process affects ! tissues ( ! plants4 ,means %\ld be tak51 ei!r by l[]+ ! temp]ature or *eck+ ! v5tilation1 to su/a9 a la/+ humidity 9 ! h\ses4 ,oncidium4--,?is is a l>ge g5us1 mo/ ( ! memb]s be+ suitable = cultivation 9 ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,o4 macran?um is a cool-h\se plant1 & ,o4 crispum1 ,o4 ,=besii1 ,o4 concolor1 ,o4 ,m>%allianum 7illu/rat$ 9 ,plate ,,vii471 ,o4 v>icosum1 & o!rs also d well 9 ! cool h\se 9 baskets or susp5d$ pans4 ,o4 ,papilio1 ,o4 ,kram]ianum1 ,o4 ,lanceanum1 & ,o4 ampliatum %\ld h a position 9 ! w>me/ end ( ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,pot ! plants z epiphytal ,or*ids4 ,)hold wat] = a "t aft] gr[? is complet$4 ,paph9ia4--,small-gr[+ epiphytes4 ,gr[ 9 baskets or pans 9 a w>m1 moi/ h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,viii ,,odontoglossum ,,crispum ,phaius4--,/rong-gr[+1 t]re/rial ,or*ids = ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,pot !m accord+ to ! directions 9 ! *apt] on ! pott+ ( t]re/rial ,or*ids4 ,! species are ev]gre51 & require b a %ort re/+ season4 ,!y require %ade4 ,phala5opsis4--,^! are w>m-h\se species f ! ,philipp9es1 ,java1 ,borneo1 ,india1 & o!r places4 ,pot ! plants 9 ,sphagnum-moss4 ,!y succe$ be/ :5 susp5d$1 b if !y are gr[n on ! /age !y %\ld be elevat$ on inv]t$ pots4 ,a moi/ atmosph]e is ess5tial4 ,p4 amabilis ,rime/adiana w gr[ 9 ! int]m$iate h\se2 s w also mo/ ( ! o!r species1 if plac$ 9 a moi/ corn]4 ,p]i/]ia4--,! g5us is be/ kn[n 9 g>d5s by ,p4 elata 7,dove ,or*id74 ,! cultivation is simil> to t = ,phaius4 ,physosiphon4--,a small g5us alli$ to ,/elis4 ,p4 ,loddigesii has racemes ( orange-col\r$ fl[]s4 ,platycl9is4--,^! are pretty1 int]m$iate-h\se ,or*ids1 ) p5dul\s racemes ( :ite or yell[ fl[]s1 g5]ally fragrant4 ,pleione4 ,see ,coelogyne4 ,pleuro?allis4--,a l>ge g5us ( elegant1 dw>f-gr[+ ,or*ids = ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,prom5aea4 ,see ,zygopetalum4 ,r5an!ra4--,^! %[y species are natives ( ,tropical ,asia & ,malaya4 ,!y %\ld be gr[n l ,a]ides & ,v&as4 ,r4 ,ims*ootiana is a compact1 free-gr[+ species1 ) %[y1 crimson fl[]s4 ,re/repia4--,a cool-h\se g5us usually gr[n ) ! ,masdevallias1 & requir+ simil> treatm5t4 ,rodriguezia4--,?is g5us includes ! species usually call$ ,burl+tonia 9 g>d5s4 ,susp5d ! plants 9 ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,r4 secunda has rose-col\r$ fl[]s2 mo/ ( ! o!rs are :ite1 & !y are g5]ally fragrant4 ,rhynco/ylis4--,^! are w>m-h\se plants1 :i* are kn[n usually z ,saccolabiums 9 g>d5s4 ,! common] species is ,r4 retusa1 ) f9e racemes ( blu%-:ite fl[]s1 spott$ ) purple2 & ! blue ,r4 coele/is4 ,! cultivation is simil> to ,a]ides4 ,saccolabium4--,! ,saccolabiums %\ld be gr[n 9 a w>m h\se l ,a]ides4 ,s4 bigibbum & o!rs ( its class are pretty1 dw>f species1 ) yell[i% fl[]s spott$ ) purple & hav+ a :ite lip4 ,s>can?us4--,alli$ to ,saccolabium1 & hav+ simil> cultural requirem5ts4 ,s>co*ilus4--,! species ( ,s>co*ilus ne$ to be gr[n 9 ,sphagnum-moss 9 ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,satyrium4--,t]re/rial ,or*ids *iefly f ,s\? ,africa1 ne$+ gre5h\se treatm5t4 ,! plants mu/ be kept dry dur+ ! re/+ p]iod4 ,s*omburgkia4--,a /rong-gr[+ g5us1 requir+ simil> treatm5t to ,laelias & ,cattleyas4 ,! be/ position = !m is a sunny situation 9 ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,scutic>ia4--,! ,scutic>ias are h&some1 bulbless species1 ) long1 t]ete1 p5dul\s leaves1 & %[y1 yell[i% fl[]s1 blot*$ ) purple4 ,!y %\ld be gr[n on rafts1 or 9 baskets susp5d$ 9 ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,sel5ip$ium4 ,see ,cyprip$ium4 ,sobralia4--,! species ( ,sobralia are /rong-gr[+1 t]re/rial ,or*ids ) re$-l /ems1 requir+ abundance ( wat] dur+ ! p]iod ( gr[?4 ,int]m$iate h\se4 ,s4 macran?a & its :ite v>iety are be/ kn[n4 ,sophronitis4--,a dw>f g5us1 be/ kn[n by ,s4 gr&iflora1 :i* has sc>let fl[]s1 & has be5 us$ = cross+ ) ,laelias & ,cattleyas4 ,all ! species are cool-h\se plants1 ne$+ cultivation 9 pans or baskets susp5d$ f ! ro(4 ,! hybrids succe$ be/ 9 ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,spa?oglottis4--,t]re/rial ,or*ids ( simil> gr[? to ,bletia1 requir+ a pron\nc$ re/+ p]iod4 ,int]m$iate h\se4 ,re/ dry4 ,/anhopea4--,a f9e g5us1 ) l>ge1 p5dul\s1 wax-l fl[]s ( aromatic od\r4 ,!y %\ld be gr[n 9 baskets 9 ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,re/ r dry 9 a cool h\se or v9]y4 ,/auropsis4--,/auropsis %\ld be gr[n ) ,a]ides & ,v&as4 ,! g5us is be/ kn[n 9 g>d5s by ,s4 lisso*iloides 7,v&a ,batemanii7 & ,s4 gigantea4 ,/elis4--,! plants 9 ?is g5us possess simil> gr[? to ! dw>f ,pleuro?allis1 & require ! same treatm5t4 ,/5oglottis4--,s4 fimbriata & ,s4 longifolia are ,s\? ,african t]re/rial ,or*ids1 ne$+ simil> conditions to ,disa4 ,tetramicra 7,leptotes74--,dw>f species ) :ite fl[]s1 hav+ rose labellums4 ,int]m$iate h\se4 ,?unia4--,a section ( ,phaius ) erect1 t]ete /ems & decidu\s leaves4 ,gr[ !m 9 a w>m & moi/ h\se1 b keep !m cool & dry dur+ ! re/+ p]iod4 ,tri*oc5trum4--,dw>f1 ev]gre5 ,s\? ,am]ican ,or*ids4 ,gr[ 9 pans susp5d$ 9 a %ady "p ( ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,tri*opilia4--,an ornam5tal1 epiphytal g5us1 includ+ ,pilumna1 ! :ite1 fragrant ,t4 fragrans1 & its v>iety nobilis1 repres5t+ t section4 ,t4 suavis is "o ( ! %[ie/ species4 ,all are wor?y ( a place 9 collections4 ,int]m$iate h\se4 ,tri*osma4--,tri*osma suavis is a pretty1 cool-h\se species1 ) :ite1 fragrant fl[]s4 ,trigonidium4--,!re are sev]al curi\s species ( ,trigonidium1 ) ! sepals usually develop$ & arrang$ diff]5tly to ,or*ids g5]ally4 ,int]m$iate h\se4 ,v&a4--,! g5us is "o ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ int]e/+1 &1 l ! o!r l>ge g5]a1 x may be divid$ into sev]al sections4 ,! l>ge/-gr[+ & be/-kn[n species are ,v4 tricolor & ,v4 suavis1 :i* h :ite or yell[i% fl[]s1 spott$ ) purple1 & )\t any di/+ui%+ botanical feature betwe5 !m4 ,v4 co]ulea is "o ( ! f9e/ blue ,or*ids2 ,v4 ,s&]iana "o ( ! h&some/2 ,v4 insignis1 ,v4 lamellata1 ,v4 ,d5isoniana1 ,v4 limbata1 & ,v4 ,b5sonii are all desirable k9ds4 ,v4 ,kimballiana1 ,v4 ,amesiana1 & ,v4 ,watsonii =m a di/9ct section1 ) fle%y leaves & erect spikes ( pretty1 :ite fl[]s1 m>k$ ) rose 9 ! two fir/1 & requir+ to be gr[n1 :]e possible1 9 baskets susp5d$ 9 ! int]m$iate h\se4 ,v4 t]es1 ,v4 ,hook]iana1 & _! hybrid ,v4 ,miss ,joaquim1 h erect /ems1 be>+ t]ete leaves1 & f9e1 rose-col\r$ fl[]s4 ,v4 alp9a1 ,v4 cri/ata1 & ,v4 pumila are pretty1 dw>f species4 ,all are g5]ally gr[n toge!r 9 ! w>m or ,ea/ ,indian h\se1 b x is an op5 "q :e!r ! keep+ ( ^! plants & ! ,a]ides & ,saccolabiums cont9u\sly 9 ! same h\se is n ! cause ( ! unsatisfactory condition ( _m ( !m 9 g>d5s4 ,ea* section %\ld be wat*$1 &1 :5 gr[? is complet$1 a *ange %\ld be giv5 to a cool1 int]m$iate h\se = a c\ple ( mon?s4 ,a]ides1 ,v&as1 & ,saccolabiums suff] mo/ f be+ kept too hot & close 9 w9t]4 ,aft] spr+ op5s ! am\nt ( heat & moi/ure %\ld be gradually increas$4 ,directly !y h fl[]$1 ! tall plants :i* h lo/ _! bottom leaves %\ld be l[]$ 9 ! pots or baskets by be+ cut (f at ! base4 ,dw>f-gr[+ species %\ld be br\ght well up to ! light4 ,v4 co]ulea gr[s well "u ! mo/ dissimil> conditions1 & ) x1 z ) _m o!r ,or*ids1 !re is m 9 f9d+ a suitable place ?an 9 gr[+ ! plant4 ,all require to be pott$ or basket$ 9 ,sphagnum-moss4 ,"s gr[]s add a spr9kl+ ( leaves4 ,! ,v4 t]es section may be plant$ 9 ,sphagnum-moss 9 a w>m corn] ( ! h\se1 or aga9/ ! end ( ! h\se4 ,if gr[n 9 pots1 ?ree or f\r %\ld be pott$ toge!r & tra9$ to a /\t /ick or teak rod4 ,zygopetalum4--,"u ,zygopetalum1 sev]al di/9ct sub-g5]a are includ$4 ,! l>ge/-gr[+ & %[ie/ species include ,z4 ,mackayi1 ,z4 cr9itum1 & o!r relat$ species4 ,^! %\ld be pott$ 9 peat1 ,sphagnum-moss1 & loam fibre 9 equal proportions1 ) a spr9kl+ ( leaves1 & f9e brok5 crocks add$4 ,dur+ ! gr[+ season occasional wat]+s ) weak1 liquid manure %\ld be giv52 &1 aft] fl[]+1 a re/ ) re/rict$ wat] supply4 ,^? t ne$ repott+ %\ld be att5d$ to be=e gr[? beg9s1 b !y w rema9 satisfactory = ye>s 9 ! same pots if c>efully treat$4 ,!re are _m hybrids1 especially ( ,z4 maxill>e1 :i* %\ld be treat$ l ! species4 ,z4 ro/ratum requires a w>m1 moi/ h\se4 ,! ,prom5aeas include ,p4 /apelioides1 ,p4 ,rollissoni1 & ,p4 xan?9a4 ,^! %\ld be gr[n 9 %all[ pans1 ei!r = susp5d+ or plac+ on a %elf ne> ! glass ( ! ro(4 ,bollea1 ,huntleya1 ,pescatorea1 ,batemannia1 & ,w>scewiczella4--,^! are sectional names = a leafy class1 ) rudim5t>y pseudo-bulbs4 ,!y are frequ5tly mismanag$4 ,! plants %\ld be gr[n 9 ! pott+ mat]ials recomm5d$ = epiphytal ,or*ids1 & surfac$ ) ,sphagnum-moss4 ,be+ ev]gre51 & ) no sup]abundant vitality1 !y %\ld be kept moi/ all ! ye>1 b lib]ally wat]$ :5 gr[+4 ,a moi/ corn] ( ! int]m$iate h\se1 or w>m h\se1 %\ld be select$ = !m1 ea* plant be+ rais$ on an inv]t$ pan or pot4 ,:5 gr[n 9 ! w>m h\se1 a re/ %\ld be giv5 9 a cool] h\se aft] gr[? is complet$1 b ! plants mu/ n be dri$ (f4 ,!y may be propagat$ by division4 ,all require %ade4 ,botanically !y are plac$ "u ,zygopetalum4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,or*id ,,hybrids ,x is impossible to enum]ate ! imm5se numb] ( home-rais$ hybrids 9 ! scope ( ?is book4 ,x mu/ !re=e suffice to "n "s ( ! pr9cipal g5]a :i* h be5 cross$1 & a few ( ! be/ hybrids1 f ! g>d5 po9t ( view4 ,too mu* _c be said = ! absorb+ int]e/ ( rais+ hybrid ,or*ids1 :i* is ref]r$ to at l5g? on p4 #fg4 ,brassavola ,digbyana has be5 "o ( ! mo/ satisfactory p>5ts1 cross+ readily ) ,cattleya & ,laelia1 & imp>t+ to ! hybrids its l>ge fl[]s & fr+$ lip4 ,b4 glauca has also be5 useful4 ,brasso-,cattleya ,digbyano-,mossiae1 ,we/onbirt ,v>iety1 is illu/rat$ 9 ,plate ,v4 ,calan!s h be5 wond]fully improv$1 s f> z ! decidu\s1 w9t]-fl[]+ k9ds are conc]n$1 by int]cross+1 comm5c+ ) ,c4 ,veit*ii 7rosea x ve/ita7 & n[ includ+ all %ades f pure :ite to blood-r$4 ,cattleya1 ,laelia1 ,sophronitis1 & ,brassavola h produc$ by int]cross+ num]\s %[y g>d5 plants1 "s ( !m1 z = example ,c4 ,iris 7,c4 bicolor x ,c4 ,d[iana7 & ,laelio-,cattleya calli/oglossa 7,c4 ,w>scewiczii x ,l4 purpurata71 exhibit+ great v>iation 9 ! col\r ( _! beautiful fl[]s4 ,cymbidium has be5 enri*$ by ! hybridi/1 ! section ,cyp]or*is be+ m]g$ 9 true ,cymbidium4 ,cymbidium ,l[io-eburneum is illu/rat$ 9 ,plate ,,vi4 ,d5drobium hybrids are among ! mo/ num]\s & useful z decorative fl[]s4 ,epid5drum has produc$ "s satisfactory results1 includ+ ,e4 ,o',bri5ianum & ,epiphronitis ,veit*ii 7,sophronitis gr&iflora x ,epid5drum radicans74 ,cyprip$ium has be5 s prolific t !re are amateurs :o cultivate !m ei!r exclusively or give ! great] "p ( _! accommodation to ! g5us & its hybrids1 :i* may be numb]$ by ! hundr$4 ,species ( ,masdevallia1 ,odontoglossum1 ,lyca/e1 ,phaius1 & ,zygopetalum h all be5 int]cross$1 & ! numb] ( possible comb9ations admits ( incalculable developm5t1 especially z ! cross+ is n conf9$ to ! same g5us4 ,plants ( di/9ct g5]a h be5 cross$ ) ea* o!r1 & 9 _m cases ! results h be5 unexpect$ly good1 z = example ! pretty1 sc>let ,co*lioda ,noezliana1 :i* has be5 cross$ successfully ) sev]al g5]a4 ,su* facts z ^! seem to indicate t !re are b few comb9ations among/ ! g5]a ( ,or*ideae cross-bre$]s may n attempt ) a reasonable hope ( success4 ,,index ,acan?ophippium1 #ha ,ac9eta1 #ha ,acrop]a1 #hb ,adapt+ ord9>y plant-h\se = ,or*id culture1 #ai ,a]an?us1 #hc ,a]ides1 #hb ,aganisia1 #hc ,angraecum1 #hc ,anguloa1 #hd ,anoecto*ilus1 #hd ,ansellia1 #he ,apo/asieae1 #f ,ara*nan!1 #he ,b>k]ia1 #hf ,b>?ol9a1 #hf ,baskets & pots1 culture 91 #bd ,batemannia & ,bollea1 #hf1 #ajh ,bifr5>ia1 #hf ,bollea1 #ajh ,brassavola1 #hf ,brassia1 #hf ,brasso-,cattleya ,digbyano-,mossiae 7,plate ,v47 ,br\ghtonia1 #hf ,bulbophyllum1 #hf ,calan!1 #hg ,calan! ,dom9yi1 ! fir/ ,or*id hybrid1 #e1 #fg ,calan!s1 decidu\s1 #ch ,catasetum1 #hg ,cattleya1 #hg ,cattleya ,trianae1 v>4 ,hydra 7,plate ,,iv47 ,cattleya fly1 !1 #dh ,*ysis1 #hh ,cirrhaea1 #hh ,cirrhopetalum1 #hh ,co*lioda1 #hh ,co*lioda noezliana crosses1 #aaj ,cockroa*es1 h[ to entrap1 #ej ,coelia1 #hh ,coelogyne1 #hh ,colax1 #ia ,collect+ wild ,or*ids1 #fj ,comp>ettia1 #hh ,compo/ = se$l+s1 #gf-hj ,cons]vatory1 species = !1 #eb ,coryan!s1 #ia ,cut fl[]s1 to pres]ve1 #ef ,cycno*es1 #ia ,cymbidium1 #ia ,cymbidium ,l[io-eburneum 7,plate ,,vi47 ,cymbidiums = ! cons]vatory1 #ed ,cynor*is1 #ia ,cyprip$ium1 #ia ,cyprip$ium insigne ,s&]ae 7,frontispiece7 ,cyprip$iums1 /ructure (1 #f ,cyprip$iums = ! cons]vatory1 #eh ,cyrtopodium1 #ib ,d5drobium1 #ib ,d5drobium ,w>dianum 7,plate ,,iii47 ,d5drobium f cutt+s1 #ce ,diacrium1 #ic ,difficulties to ov]come1 #h ,disa1 #ic ,diseases & ,insect ,pe/s1 #dg ,doss9ia m>morata1 #hd ,durability ( ,or*id fl[]s1 #ef ,enum]ation ( ,pr9cipal ,g5]a1 #ha ,epid5drum1 #id ,epid5drum ,b\ndii1 #aji ,epid5drum ,o',bri5ianum1 #aji ,epiphronitis ,veit*ii1 #aji ,eria1 #id ,eriopsis1 #id ,eulophia1 #id ,eulophiella1 #id ,evaporation f l[] /age1 #ae ,evaporation1 te/1 #ajj ,f]tilis+ ,or*ids1 #fh ,floor ( natural e>?1 #i1 #ae ,floor ( wood trellis1 #i ,gale&ra1 #ie ,g5]a & ,species1 #ha ,glaz+1 #aa ,gomeza1 #id ,gongora1 #ie ,goody]a ,dawsoniana1 #he ,grammatophyllum1 #ie ,grobya1 #ie ,hab5>ia1 #ie ,haem>ia discolor1 #hd ,heat+ ,or*id h\ses1 #af ,hot-wat] pip+1 #af ,h\lletia1 #ie ,huntleya1 #ajh ,hybridis+ & rais+ se$l+s1 #fg ,import+ ( ,or*ids1 #ei ,insecticides1 #dh1 #di ,introduction1 #a ,ionopsis1 #ie ,label1 ! be/ =m (1 #ca ,labell+ ! plants1 #cj ,laelia1 #ie ,leaves1 removal ( damag$1 #cb ,leaves1 use (1 9 pott+ compo/1 #bd1 #hj1 #ii ,leptotes1 #aje ,lip>is1 #if ,liquid manure1 #dc ,lisso*ilus1 #if ,li/ro/a*ys1 #hc ,lu$demannia1 #if ,luisia1 #if ,lyca/e1 #if ,macodes ,petola1 #hd ,manures = ,or*ids1 #ci ,masdevallia1 #if ,maxill>ia1 #ig ,megacl9ium1 #ig ,metal injuri\s1 #bi ,micro/ylis1 #ig ,miltonia1 #ig ,miltonia vexill>ia 7,plate ,,ii47 ,mormodes1 #ih ,my/acidium1 #hc ,neob5?amia1 #ih ,nephelaphyllum1 #ih ,night temp]atures1 #ag1 #ah ,notylia1 #ih ,octom]ia1 #ih ,odontoglossum1 #ih ,odontoglossum crispum 7,plate ,,viii47 ,odontoglossum1 pott+ (1 #ii ,odontoglossum se$l+s1 #ga-gh ,od\rs ( ,or*ids1 #fe ,oncidium1 #ajj ,oncidium ,m>%allianum 7,plate ,,vii47 ,or*id-collect+1 #ajh ,or*id fl[]s1 /ructure (1 #f ,or*id h\se1 /ructure (1 #i ,or*id h\se1 ! s+le1 #ai ,or*id hybrids1 #ajh ,or*id1 ! fir/ hybrid1 #e ,or*ids z cut fl[]s1 #ee ,or*ids = baskets1 #bg ,or*ids = ! cons]vatory1 #eb ,or*ids = pans1 #bg ,or*ids = villa cons]vatory1 #ec ,or*ids1 susp5d+ (1 #bg ,or*ids1 ! e>lie/ introductions (1 #c1 #d1 #e ,osmunda fibre1 #bc1 #hj1 #ii ,pack+1 sy/ems (1 #fa ,pa9t+ int]ior ( h\ses1 #aa ,paph9ia1 #ajj ,p>aff91 ne$ = avoid+ use (1 #di ,pa?s1 me?ods ( mak+1 #i ,p]iodical inspection ( plants1 #ej ,p]i/]ia1 #ajc ,pescatorea1 #ajh ,phaius1 #ajj ,phala5opsis1 #ajc ,physosiphon1 #ajc ,plant-h\ses adapt$ = ,or*ids1 #ab-ai ,platycl9is1 #ajc ,pleione1 #ajc ,pleuro?allis1 #ajc ,pott+ & basket+1 me?ods (1 #bb ,pott+ mat]ial = hybrids1 #gi ,pott+1 old-"t sy/em (1 #c ,prom5aea1 #ajc1 #ajh ,propagation by division1 #ce ,ra9-wat]1 ! value (1 #ce ,rais+ se$l+ ,or*ids1 #fg ,r5an!ra1 #ajc ,re/+ season1 !1 #cg1 #dd ,re/repia1 #ajc ,rhynco/ylis1 #ajd ,rise ( ,or*id culture1 #c ,rock]ies 9 ,or*id h\se1 #aj ,rodriguezia1 #ajc ,saccolabium1 #ajd ,s>can?us1 #ajd ,s>co*ilus1 #ajd ,satyrium1 #ajd ,scale insects1 #di ,s*omburgkia1 #ajd ,scutic>ia1 #ajd ,se$-rais+1 case =1 #gb-ge ,se$-s[+1 #gj ,se$-/or+1 #afi ,se$l+s1 damp+ (f1 #gg ,se$l+s 9 subdu$ light1 #gh ,se$l+s1 af=d+ wat] to1 #gb ,se$s1 ,or*id1 #fi ,selection ( subjects = cross-f]tilisation1 #gi ,sel5ip$ium1 #ib1 #ajd ,%ad+1 #ba ,%ad+ ( h\ses conta9+ se$l+s1 #gh ,slugs & woodlice1 #ej ,sobralia1 #ajd ,sophronitis1 #ajd ,spa?oglottis1 #aje ,spray+ ! plants1 #cg1 #gb ,/ag+ = ! plants1 #ab ,/ak+ or fix+ plants1 #bh ,/anhopea1 #aje ,/auropsis1 #aje ,/elis1 #aje ,/5oglottis1 #aje ,/ructure ( ! fl[]s1 #f1 #fg ,/ructure ( ,or*id h\se1 #i ,syr++1 ! ne$ =1 #cg ,tanks = /or+ wat]1 #i ,t>1 injuri\s effects (1 #ea ,tetramicra1 #aje ,temp]atures1 #ag-bj ,t]re/rial species1 pack+ (1 #fb ,?rips1 de/ructiv5ess (1 #dh ,?unia1 #aje ,treatm5t ( import$ plants1 #fc ,tri*oc5trum1 #aje ,tri*opilia1 #aje ,tri*osma1 #ajf ,trigonidium1 #ajf ,useless leaves & pseudo-bulbs1 removal (1 #ca ,v&a1 #ajf ,v&a ,batemanii1 #aje ,v5tilation1 #i ,w>scewiczella1 #ajh ,wat]+ epiphytal species1 #ce ,wat]+ t]re/rial species1 #ch ,wire injuri\s to ! plants1 #bi ,zygopetalum1 #ajg ,zygopetalum1 sections (1 #ajh ,,! ,,end ,pr9t$ by ,,ballantyne1 ,,hanson ,,co4 ,ed9burgh ,london