images produc$ by ,core ,hi/orical ,lit]ature 9 ,agriculture 7,,*la71 ,cornell ,univ]sity & ,! ,int]net ,ar*ives47 ,,six ,,?\s& ,,c\ntry ,,*ur*es ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,,new ,,york 4 ,,bo/on 4 ,,*icago 4 ,,dallas ,,atlanta 4 ,,san ,,francisco ,,macmillan ,,co41 ,,limit$ ,,london 4 ,,bombay 4 ,,calcutta ,,melb\rne ,,! ,,macmillan ,,co4 ,,( ,,canada1 ,,ltd4 ,,toronto ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,c\ntry ,,*ur*es ,,( ,,ohio ,,six ,,?\s& ,,c\ntry ,,*ur*es ,,by ,,*>les ,,otis ,,gill ,,& ,,gif=d ,,p9*ot ,,au?ors ,,( ,,! ,,c\ntry ,,*ur* ,,publi%$ ,,"u ,,! ,,au?ority ,,( ,,! ,,f$]al ,,c\ncil ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*es ,,( ,,*ri/ ,,9 ,,am]ica ,new ,york ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company #aiai ,all rights res]v$ ,,copyright1 #aiai ,,by ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,set up & electrotyp$4 ,publi%$ ,novemb]1 #aiai ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,"p ,i ,,conditions ,,& ,,rem$ies ,,introduction xiii ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,h[ ,,! ,,facts ,,7 ,,ga!r$ #c ,,ii4 ,,! ,,rural ,,*ur* ,,maps ,,( ,,ohio #e ,,iii4 ,,summ>y ,,( ,,results #h ,ov]supply ( ,*ur*es--,! *ur*es small & weak-- ,att5dance--,an abs5tee m9i/ry--,divid$ ef=t ( ! m9i/ry--,%ort t]m ( m9i/]'s s]vice--,defective ov]head organization--,m9i/]s' sal>ies--,educational equipm5t ( ! m9i/]4 ,,iv4 ,,:]e ,,*ur* ,,effici5cy ,,is ,,l[e/ #ab ,v4 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,9 ,,! ,,eighte5 ,,c\nties #ai ,,vi4 ,a ,,policy ,,& ,,program #dj #a4 ,a bett] program--#b4 ,a bett] m9i/ry--#c4 ,bett] support--#d4 ,bett] acqua9tance--#e4 ,re-arrangem5t ( circuits--#f4 ,m resid5t m9i/]s--#g4 ,int]*ur* coop]ation--#h4 ,community *ur*es--#i4 ,non-sect>ian support4 ,,vii4 ,,f$]at$ ,,*ur*es #ei #a4 ,gre5e ,t[n%ip--#b4 ,aurora--#c4 ,g>rettsville--#d4 ,nor?field--#e4 ,f$]at$ *ur*es 9 o!r /ates4 ,,viii4 ,,o!r ,,progressive ,,*ur*es #ge #a4 ,a *ur* f$]ation--#b4 ,coop]ation ) o!r social =ces--#c4 ,community s]vice & ,*ri/ian unity--#d4 ,*ri/ian unity by necessity--#e4 ,! *ur* z a =ce = righte\sness--7a7 ,old ,=t--7b7 ,lakeville4 ,,ix4 ,,agricultural ,,coop]ation #hh ,,"p ,,ii ,,tabul> ,,summ>ies ,,& ,,maps ,i4 ,,geographical ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,! ,,d5om9ations #ic ,,ii4 ,,tabul> ,,summ>ies ,,= ,,! ,,/ate #aaj ,table ,i4--,population1 av]age numb] ( ,p]sons & ,*ur*es1 & av]age numb] ( ,p]sons to a ,*ur*1 by ,t[n%ips #aaa ,table ,,ii4--,*ur*es classifi$ accord+ to ! numb] ( _! memb]s #aab ,table ,,iii4--,am\nt ( ,m9i/]ial ,s]vice by ,t[n%ips1 ,villages1 & ,*ur*es #aad ,table ,,iv4--,numb] ( ,*ur*es 9 ,villages & 9 ! ,op5 ,c\ntry #aae ,table ,v4--,resid5t ,m9i/]s 9 ,/rictly ,rural ,t[n%ips 9 ! ,op5 ,c\ntry & 9 ,villages #aah ,table ,,vi4--,t]ms ( ,s]vice ( ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,c\ntry ,m9i/]s1 #aiag #aai ,table ,,vii4--,av]age numb] ( ,p]sons to a ,*ur* 9 #aagj ,rural ,t[n%ips #aba ,table ,,viii4--,av]age numb] ( ,p]sons to a ,*ur* 9 ,rural ,t[n%ips1 ,suburban ,t[n%ips1 & ,cities #abb ,table ,,ix4--,sal>ies ( ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,c\ntry ,m9i/]s1 #aiag #abc ,table ,x4--,sal>ies ( ,c\ntry ,m9i/]s1 ,unit$ ,bre?r5 9 ,*ri/1 #aiag #abc ,,iii4 ,,tabul> ,,summ>ies ,,by ,,c\nties #abd ,,"p ,,iii ,,! ,,c\nty ,,maps ,,explanatory ,,note #ade ,,c\ntry ,,*ur* ,,maps ,,( ,,! ,,eighty-,,eight ,,c\nties ,,( ,,ohio #adg ,,app5dix ,,action ,,( ,,! ,,committee ,,on ,,int]*ur* ,,coop]ation ,,( ,,! ,,ohio ,,rural ,,life ,,association #bce ,,li/ ,,( ,,maps ,! ,c\ntry ,*ur*es ( ,ohio ,frontispiece ,,page ,map ,a4 ,:]e ,conditions ,dem& ,mission>y ,aid #bf ,map #a4 ,high ,dea? ,rates f ,tub]culosis #bg ,map #b4 ,high ,rates ( ,illegitimacy #bh ,map #c4 ,:]e ,illit]acy ,ab\nds #bi ,map #d4 ,di/ribution ( ,=eign ,born ,:ites #cj ,map #e4 ,excessive ,ov]-,*ur*+ #ca ,map #f4 ,*ur*es _m b ,m9i/]s ,few #cb ,map #g4 ,numb] ( ,p]sons to a ,resid5t ,m9i/] #cc ,map #h4 ,value ( ,f>m ,prop]ty 9 ! ,ye> #aiaj #cd ,map #i4 ,increase 9 ,value ( ,f>m ,prop]ty #ce ,map #aj4 ,ri* ,l& & ,poor ,l& #cf ,map #aa4 ,%[+ t 9 #cag or #bg p] c5t ( ! ,/rictly ,rural ,t[n%ips no ,*ur* has a ,resid5t ,m9i/] #di ,map #ab4 ,f>ms ,op]at$ by ,t5ants #hd ,map #ac4 ,f>ms ,op]at$ by ,t5ants #he ,map #ad4 ,me?odi/ ,episcopal #if ,map #ae4 ,unit$ ,bre?r5 9 ,*ri/ #ig ,map #af4 ,presbyt]ian #ih ,map #ag4 ,bapti/ #ii ,map #ah4 ,disciples ( ,*ri/ #ajj ,map #ai4 ,lu!ran #aja ,map #bj4 ,ca?olic #ajb ,map #ba4 ,*ri/ian #ajc ,map #bb4 ,me?odi/ ,prote/ant #ajd ,map #bc4 ,re=m$ #aje ,map #bd4 ,congregational #ajf ,map #be4 ,evangelical ,association #ajg ,map #bf4 ,villages & ,cities #aag ,c\nty ,maps3 ,adams #adg ,all5 #adh ,a%l& #adi ,a%tabula #aej ,a!ns #aea ,auglaize #aeb ,belmont #aec ,br[n #aed ,butl] #aee ,c>roll #aef ,*ampaign #aeg ,cl>k #aeh ,cl]mont #aei ,cl9ton #afj ,columbiana #afa ,co%octon #afb ,craw=d #afc ,cuyahoga #afd ,d>ke #afe ,defiance #aff ,delaw>e #afg ,erie #afh ,fairfield #afi ,fayette #agj ,frankl9 #aga ,fulton #agb ,gallia #agc ,geauga #agd ,gre5e #age ,gu]nsey #agf ,hamilton #agg ,hancock #agh ,h>d9 #agi ,h>rison #ahj ,h5ry #aha ,highl& #ahb ,hock+ #ahc ,holmes #ahd ,huron #ahe ,jackson #ahf ,jeff]son #ahg ,knox #ahh ,lake #ahi ,lawr5ce #aij ,lick+ #aia ,logan #aib ,lora9 #aic ,lucas #aid ,madison #aie ,mahon+ #aif ,m>ion #aig ,m$9a #aih ,meigs #aii ,m]c] #bjj ,miami #bja ,monroe #bjb ,montgom]y #bjc ,morgan #bjd ,morr[ #bje ,musk+um #bjf ,noble #bjg ,ottawa #bjh ,pauld+ #bji ,p]ry #baj ,pickaway #baa ,pike #bab ,portage #bac ,preble #bad ,putnam #bae ,ri*l& #baf ,ross #bag ,s&usky #bah ,scioto #bai ,s5eca #bbj ,%elby #bba ,/>k #bbb ,summit #bbc ,trumbull #bbd ,tusc>awas #bbe ,union #bbf ,van ,w]t #bbg ,v9ton #bbh ,w>r5 #bbi ,wa%+ton #bcj ,wayne #bca ,williams #bcb ,wood #bcc ,wy&ot #bcd ,,introduction ,9 #aiac ,mr4 ,gill & ,i publi%$1 "u ! au?ority ( ! ,f$]al ,c\ncil ( ! ,*ur*es ( ,*ri/ 9 ,am]ica1 ! results ( an inquiry into ! condition ( ! c\ntry *ur* 9 two typical c\nties--,w9dsor ,c\nty1 ,v]mont1 & ,tompk9s ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,! disclosure ( ! conditions 9 ^! two c\nties & ! conclusions to :i* !y po9t$ l$ to ! creation ( ! ,commission on ,*ur* & ,c\ntry ,life ( ! ,f$]al ,c\ncil4 ,"u ! direction ( ! ,commission1 x 0 resolv$ to ext5d ! inve/igation ( ! c\ntry *ur* to an entire ,/ate4 ,= ! reasons giv5 h]eaft]1 ! *oice fell ^u ,ohio4 ,= ! plan ^: execution & results are "h set =?1 ,mr4 ,gill & ,i are jo9tly responsible4 ,x 0 submitt$ to1 & revis$ & approv$ by1 ! ,commission on ,*ur* & ,c\ntry ,life1 9 ^: "n & "u ^: direct sup]vision x 0 c>ri$ out4 ,! field "w 0 done entirely by ,mr4 ,gill or "u 8 imm$iate direction z ,secret>y ( ! ,commission1 & he also work$ up 9 ! (fice ! result ( 8 "w 9 ! field4 ,z 9 ! case ( ,! ,c\ntry ,*ur*1 ,i am responsible = ! f9al revision ( ! manuscript = ! press4 ,x is n[ publi%$ ) ! approval ( ! ,commission on ,*ur* & ,c\ntry ,life1 & z a report ( its "w4 ,9 ! introduction to ,! ,c\ntry ,*ur*1 ,i said & ,i desire to repeat1--,mr4 ,gill's peculi> fitness = ! "w ( ?is inve/igation arises 9 "p f 8 long & intimate p]sonal acqua9tance ) ! problem ( c\ntry life4 ,= fifte5 ye>s he has be5 a c\ntry m9i/]4 ,"o ( 8 tasks 0 to e/abli% a *ur* 9 a c\ntry community 9 ,v]mont :i* _h be5 )\t "o = m ?an tw5ty ye>s4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,gill came to x1 ! moral & social laxity ( ! :ole community 0 flagrant4 ,disbelief 9 ! exi/5ce ( goodness appe>$ to be common1 public disapproval ( indec5cy 0 timid or lack+1 & religion 0 9 g5]al disrepute4 ,n only 0 !re no day ( wor%ip1 b also no day ( re/4 ,life 0 mean1 h>d1 small1 selfi%1 & covet\s4 ,l& belong+ to ! t[n 0 op5ly pillag$ by ! public (fic]s :o held x 9 tru/2 real e/ate values 7 l[2 & among ! respectable families !re 0 a g5]al desire to sell _! prop]ty & move away4 ,!n a *ur* 0 organiz$4 ,! *ange :i* foll[$ 0 swift1 /rik+1 ?or\gh1 & endur+4 ,! public prop]ty ( ! t[n1 once a s\rce ( graft & demoralization1 became a public asset4 ,! value ( real e/ate increas$ beyond all proportion to ! g5]al rise ( l& values else:]e4 ,9 ! decade & a half :i* has elaps$ s9ce ! *ur* began its "w1 boys & girls ( a new type h be5 br\ght up4 ,! reputation ( ! village has be5 *ang$ f bad to good1 public ord] has greatly improv$1 & ! gr[? ( ! place z a summ] resort has begun4 ,x is fair to say t ! e/abli%m5t ( ! *ur* "u ,mr4 ,gill began a new era 9 ! hi/ory ( ! t[n4 ,x 0 ) ?is record ( practical success 9 ! c\ntry *ur*1 supplem5t$ by ! v unusual exp]i5ce z an inve/igator :i* he acquir$ 9 collect+ & analyz+ ! mat]ial = ,! ,c\ntry ,*ur*1 t ,mr4 ,gill approa*$ ! task ^: results are "h set d[n4 ,! task ( asc]ta9+ ) accuracy ! conditions ( ! c\ntry *ur* 9 o!r portions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates /ill rema9s4 ,! rem$ies are yet to be appli$4 ,,gif=d ,,p9*ot4 ,mil=d1 ,p5na4 ,aug4 #bf1 #aiah4 ,,six ,,?\s& ,,c\ntry ,,*ur*es ,,"p ,i ,,conditions ,,& ,,rem$ies ,,six ,,?\s& ,,c\ntry ,,*ur*es ,,*apt] ,i ,,h[ ,,! ,,facts ,,7 ,,ga!r$ ,! ,commission on ,*ur* & ,c\ntry ,life ( ! ,f$]al ,c\ncil ( ! ,*ur*es ( ,*ri/ 9 ,am]ica conduct$ ! "w ^: results are summ>iz$ 9 ?is book4 ,sev]al ?\s& p]sons assi/$ 9 collect+ ! data "h giv54 ,li/s ( *ur*es 7 obta9$ f correspond5ts 9 e t[n%ip 9 ,ohio1 & t[n%ip maps 7 s5t to !m = m>k+ ! location ( ! *ur*es4 ,m9i/]s1 cl]ks1 & o!r (fic]s ( *ur*es1 di/rict sup]9t5d5ts1 & o!r d5om9ational lead]s gave indisp5sable in=mation4 ,! v important mat]ial ga!r$ by ! ,ohio ,rural ,life ,survey1 includ+ c\ntry *ur* maps ( twelve c\nties & _m data = sev5te5 o!r c\nties1 0 plac$ at ! disposal ( ! ,commission4 ,invaluable assi/ance has be5 r5d]$ by ,/ate1 ,c\nty1 & ,t[n%ip ,sunday ,s*ool ,associations4 ,9 ab\t half ( ! t[n%ips1 (fic]s ( ! t[n%ip associations suppli$ ne$$ in=mation4 ,miss ,cl>a ,e4 ,clemm]1 ,secret>y ( ! ,c\nty ,association1 ga!r$ ne>ly all ! data = ,preble ,c\nty4 ,! ,rev4 ,c4 ,a4 ,spriggs1 a ,mission>y ( ! ,am]ican ,sunday ,s*ool ,union1 furni%$ mo/ ( ! facts us$ 9 mak+ ! map ( ,pike ,c\nty4 ,9 a few c\nties1 sup]9t5d5ts ( public s*ools ei!r gave desir$ in=mation !mselves1 or suppli$ ! names ( o!rs :o did1 & 9 "s cases ! agricultural ag5ts l5t a h&4 ,c\nty atlases 7 consult$1 & v]ifications & corrections 7 obta9$ f _m s\rces4 ,! topographical maps issu$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey gave ! locations ( c]ta9 *ur*es4 ,! ,ye> ,books ( ! v>i\s d5om9ational bodies 7 9 con/ant use = v]ification & ref]5ce1 z 7 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c5sus1 ! ,ohio ,/ati/ical ,reports1 & o!r ,gov]nm5t docum5ts4 ,9 ! diff]5t sections ( ,ohio ,mr4 ,gill made ext5sive inve/igations on ! gr\nd1 :ile l>ge numb]s ( c\ntry m9i/]s & *ur* memb]s 7 consult$ p]sonally4 ,specific in=mation has ?us be5 collect$ 9 ne>ly e t[n%ip1 :ile at c\ntry *ur* in/itutes & conf]5ces 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,/ate1 _m facts 7 secur$ f ! discussions on rural *ur* conditions4 ,n only has in=mation1 !re=e1 be5 receiv$ f v _m p intimately associat$ ) ! *ur*es ( rural ,ohio1 b also1 & v widely1 f p]sonal obs]vation on ! field itself4 ,9 spite ( all ! c>e t c\ld be tak51 aft] ! "w on ! t[n%ip maps 0 ?\ght to be f9i%$1 a few o!r *ur*es 7 discov]$4 ,if1 9 ! future1 /ill o!r *ur*es %\ld be f\nd :i* are n on ! maps1 ! numb] ( !m w be insignificant4 ,_! discov]y w d\btless 9 no wise affect ! conclusions :i* h be5 drawn z to ! c\ntry *ur* situation 9 ,ohio1 nor _! omission impair ! g5]al usefulness ( ! maps4 ,9 ! con/ructive "w ( ! ,commission & ( ! ,ohio ,rural ,life ,association = rural *ur* bett]m5t1 z well z 9 ! survey1 ! ,ohio ,/ate ,univ]sity1 "u ,dr4 ,?ompson1 has always giv5 free & valuable coop]ation4 ,= all ?is k9d assi/ance ! ,commission & ! ,association are deeply grateful1 & "h express _! he>ty ?anks4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,rural ,,*ur* ,,maps ,,( ,,ohio ,9 ,"p ,,iii ( ?is volume are #hh c\ntry *ur* maps1 "o = ea* c\nty 9 ! ,/ate ( ,ohio4 ,! mak+ ( ^! maps 0 "p ( a program adopt$ 9 #aiad by ! ,commission on ,*ur* & ,c\ntry ,life ( ! ,f$]al ,c\ncil ( ! ,*ur*es ( ,*ri/ 9 ,am]ica4 ,x seem$ to ! ,commission t an attempt ought to be made to te/ ! possibilities ( rural *ur* improvem5t ?r\gh int]d5om9ational coop]ation 9 "s "o ,/ate4 ,ohio 0 *os5 because ( its geographical location1 because ( ! v>iety ( its *ur* conditions1 & because 9 a numb] ( its c\nties a c\ntry *ur* survey _h already be5 made4 ,?is survey _h indicat$ a widespread ne$ = ! readju/m5t ( *ur* life to community welf>e 9 rural ,ohio4 ,x 0 !re=e det]m9$1 if possible1 to complete a s]ies ( maps = ! entire ,/ate :i* w\ld summ>ize ! facts4 ,9 deal+ ) s _m *ur*es 9 s l>ge an area1 x 0 ( c\rse feasible to collect only a v small numb] ( facts conc]n+ ea* *ur*4 ,accord+ly ! facts to be ga!r$ 7 limit$ to ! location ( e rural *ur*1 its d5om9ation1 its pres5t memb]%ip1 :e!r x is ga9+ or los+ 9 memb]%ip1 :e!r x ord9>ily has a resid5t pa/or1 & if n1 :at "p ( a m9i/]'s s]vice x receives4 ,! collection ( su* facts 0 necess>y1 fir/1 to impress ^u ! *ur* (ficials & o!rs ! actual urg5cy ( ! situation1 & second1 to provide a basis = a workable policy ( int]*ur* coop]ation & reciprocity 9 influ5c+ or direct+ ! r$i/ribution ( m9i/]s & *ur*es4 ,:ile ! mak+ ( ! *ur* maps appe>$ to be ! lea/ am\nt ( prelim9>y "w t w\ld op5 ! way = effective action1 x 0 evid5t t no?+ adequate c\ld be done = rural *ur* bett]m5t )\t int]d5om9ational1 or und5om9ational1 organization4 ,!re=e1 :5 ! bran* (fice ( ! ,commission on ,*ur* & ,c\ntry ,life 0 op5$ 9 ,columbus1 ,ohio1 9 ,augu/1 #aiad1 at ! same "t ! ,ohio ,rural ,life ,association 0 =m$ to coop]ate ) ! ,commission 9 its "w 9 ! ,/ate4 ,soon aft]w>d a ,committee on ,int]*ur* ,coop]ation1 consi/+ ( executives 9 *>ge ( ! c\ntry *ur*es ( elev5 d5om9ations1 0 organiz$4 ,! pr9ciples :i* x adopt$ to gov]n its action m>k a =w>d /ep ( real importance4 7,see page #bce47 ,! *ief burd5 ( mak+ ! *ur* maps has re/$ ^u ! ,commission on ,*ur* & ,c\ntry ,life4 ,its paid executive & (fice =ce h done ! ma9 "p ( ! "w1 b valuable assi/ance has be5 r5d]$ by ! ,ohio ,rural ,life ,association4 ,mu* ( ! "w 0 done 9 its "n4 ,incid5tally1 ! coop]ative "w ( ^! bodies has by no means be5 conf9$ to ! mak+ ( surveys4 ,c\ntry ,life ,in/itutes h be5 held1 & an educational propag&a 9 ! int]e/ ( ! rural *ur* has be5 cont9u\sly c>ri$ on1 ) ! result t 9 ,ohio m ?an 9 any o!r ,/ate has ! c\ntry *ur* ga9$ gr\nd 9 its comm& ( public int]e/4 ,z a subject = addresses & discussion ! c\ntry *ur* has a place 9 a l>ge numb] ( f>m]s' in/itutes1 & 9 ne>ly all ,sunday s*ool conv5tions1 :ile dur+ ,f>m]s' ,week at ! ,/ate ,agricultural ,college1 conf]5ces on no o!r subject h attract$ m p or provok$ m animat$ discussion4 ,inasmu* z ! collect+ ( ! data ext5d$ ov] a p]iod ( m ?an ?ree ye>s1 ! maps d n all repres5t ! exact situation at ! same mom5t4 ,:ile !y 7 be+ made "s ( ! *ur*es 7 be+ r$i/ribut$ 9 diff]5t circuits1 & memb]%ip rolls 7 increas+ or decreas+4 ,s9ce ! map = _! c\nty 0 complet$ "s *ur*es h f$]at$1 or _! memb]s h all unit$ 9 a d5om9ational union *ur*4 ,b :ile ! maps d n con/itute a snap %ot ( ! entire ,/ate1 ! *anges :i* h tak5 place are too few 9 any way to invalidate ! conclusions drawn4 ,! total situation is indicat$ ) suffici5t correctness4 ,^! maps %\ld supply ! indisp5sable basis = ! readju/m5t t is obvi\sly requir$4 ,we hope t ! publi%+ ( !m w n only regi/] a /age ( progress 9 ! ,/ate ( ,ohio1 b t 9 o!r ,/ates also simil> "w w be und]tak51 & t ! =w>d movem5t 9 rural *ur* life w be /r5g!n$ & accel]at$ ?r\gh\t ! nation4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,summ>y ,,( ,,results ,ohio conta9s 9 its area ( #da1jfj squ>e miles1 "s #a1chh t[n%ips4 ,if we exclude ! t[n%ips 9 :i* ! population is urban1 ^? 9 :i* !re are villages ( m ?an #b1ejj inhabitants 7! numb] set by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c5sus z sep>at+ ! c\ntry f ! t[n71 ^? :i* conta9 p>ts (1 or bord] on1 l>ge t[n or city p>i%es1 !re rema9 #a1agj t[n%ips :i* may be class$ z /rictly rural4 ,^! rural t[n%ips h 9 all #f1jfj *ur*es & ne>ly #a1gjj1jjj p]sons4 ,ea* ( !m has on an av]age a population ( #a1ddh p]sons1 ) five *ur*es1 or "o *ur* to e #bhj p]sons4 ,if we include ) ! /rictly rural t[n%ips ! rural sections ( t[n%ips n exclusively rural1 !re are 9 ,ohio no less ?an #f1fdb c\ntry *ur*es4 ,z ^! facts w\ld indicate1 ! c\ntry *ur*es ( ,ohio = ! mo/ "p are small & weak4 ,accord+ to data ga!r$ by ! e>li] survey made "u ! direction ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,bo>d ( ,home ,missions1 ! *ur*es ^: memb]%ip is less ?an #ajj z a rule d n prosp]1 & ! small] ! memb]%ip ! great] ! proportion ( ! *ur*es :i* are on ! decl9e4 ,9 ,ohio m ?an #d1ejj1 or #ff p] c5t1 ( ! rural *ur*es h a memb]%ip ( #ajj or less2 m ?an #c1fjj1 or #ee p] c5t1 h a memb]%ip ( #ge or less2 m ?an #b1djj1 or #cg p] c5t1 a memb]%ip ( #ej or less4 ,! memb]%ip 9 ^! c\ntry *ur*es is di/ress+ly small1 b ! att5dance is small] /ill4 ,! data available indicate t ord9>ily x is less ?an half ! memb]%ip4 ,9 six *ur*es tak5 at r&om1 x 0 f\nd t ! figures ran z foll[s3 ,memb]%ip ,av]age att5dance #abe #cd #cjj #acf #agc #cj to #dj #aej ,less ?an #cj #cjj - #dj ----- ----- #a1jdh #bgj ,9 "o t[n%ip x is report$ t ! av]age att5dance 9 ea* ( its eight *ur*es is less ?an #be4 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ facts is ! %ortage ( resid5t m9i/]s4 ,:ile a reasonable degree ( int]*ur* coop]ation %\ld result 9 ! ma9t5ance ( a resid5t pa/or 9 ne>ly e t[n%ip1 yet 9 #cag1 or #bg p] c5t1 ( ! /rictly rural t[n%ips1 no *ur* has a resid5t pa/or4 7,see ,map #aa1 page #di47 ,m ?an #d1djj1 or ab\t two-?irds1 ( ! *ur*es 9 rural ,ohio1 & #ci p] c5t ( ! villages are )\t resid5t m9i/]s1 :ile 9 ! op5 c\ntry only #cfj1 or #ac p] c5t1 ( ! #b1hjg *ur*es h resid5t pa/ors4 ,! ef=ts ( ! m9i/]s are s scatt]$ ov] fields m or less widely sep>at$ t mu* ( _! effectiv5ess is lo/4 7,consult ! c\nty maps1 pages #adg-bcd47 ,m ?an #e1ejj ( ! #f1fdb c\ntry *ur*es are )\t ! full "t s]vice ( a m9i/]2 #c1gee h only "o-?ird or less ( a m9i/]'s s]vices2 #b1ejj h "o-f\r? or less2 :ile m ?an #gej h no regul> s]vice ( a m9i/] at all4 ,a l>ge numb] ( m9i/]s h o!r occupations ?an ! m9i/ry4 ,moreov] x is a rule ( ne>ly univ]sal application t m9i/]s ( c\ntry *ur*es 9 ,ohio d n rema9 long en\gh 9 _! p>i%es to make effective s]vice possible4 ,accord+ to ! (ficial records ( ! conf]5ces ( ! l>ge/ & d\btless "o ( ! mo/ effici5t ( ! d5om9ations1 9 ! fall ( #aiag1 #dh p] c5t ( its rural m9i/]s 7 ab\t to beg9 _! fir/ ye>1 & #gd p] c5t ei!r _! fir/ or second ye> ( s]vice 9 ! fields to :i* !y 7 appo9t$4 ,only #bf p] c5t _h _h a two ye>s' acqua9tance ) _! p>i%es1 :ile only #h m9i/]s1 or sc>cely m ?an #a p] c5t1 _h s]v$ z long z five ye>s4 ,?is condition is no bett] 9 ne>ly all ! o!r d5om9ations4 ,because ( ?is1 & also because ! ef=t ( ! m9i/ry is divid$ among v>i\s & widely sep>at$ *ur*es1 ! p :o live 9 ! rural di/ricts 9 ,ohio receive too little pa/oral s]vice4 ,! %ort t]m also disc\rages ! m9i/]s f attempt+ to discov] & meet ! ne$s ( _! communities & f =mulat+ & c>ry+ out any adequate plans ( community s]vice4 ,! *ur*es1 z a rule1 are n tra9$ to expect su* s]vice1 nor ! m9i/]s to r5d] x4 ,9 c]ta9 ext5sive areas 9 ,ohio ! c\ntry *ur* seems to h brok5 d[n4 7,see ,*apt]s ,,iv & ,v47 ,9 regions :]e x has be5 active = a c5tury x has fail$ & is n[ fail+ to dispel ignorance & sup]/ition1 to prev5t ! spread ( vice & disease1 & to *eck ! increas+ production ( undevelop$ & abnormal individuals4 ,because ( ! lack ( an organization to coo]d9ate ! "w ( ! d5om9ations1 & to /udy ! field z a :ole1 no "o has be5 consci\s ( responsibility = su* failure4 ,! conditions h n ev5 be5 kn[n by _m ( ! *ur* (ficials :o 7 responsible1 & a situation has be5 p]mitt$ to develop :i* ?reat5s ! welf>e ( ! :ole ,/ate & dem&s ! imm$iate r$irection ( ! ,*ur*'s mission>y activities4 ,! pay ( ! c\ntry m9i/]s 9 ,ohio is small1 ! support ( ! *ur* meag]4 ,accord+ to ! records ( ! ,conf]5ces held 9 ! fall ( #aiag ! majority ( ! m9i/]s 7#eh p] c5t7 ( ! l>ge/ d5om9ation receiv$ less ?an #a1ajj ea*1 ?ree-f\r?s 7#gd4f p] c5t7 less ?an #a1bjj1 :ile ! av]age am\nt 0 #heg & free use ( p>sonage4 ,9 ! d5om9ation ) ! second l>ge/ numb] ( c\ntry *ur*es ! av]age sal>y 0 only #ghg1 or #fhj & free use ( p>sonage4 ,ov] consid]able areas a l>ge proportion ( ! m9i/]s are un$ucat$4 ,(t5 !y are illit]ate & entirely unfitt$ to r5d] s]vice acceptable to ! m intellig5t "p ( _! p4 ,9 mo/ ( ! ,/ate1 ! /&>d ( education = m9i/]s is l[4 ,x is 9 "p due to ! failure ( an insuffici5tly educat$ m9i/ry to /imulate ! intellectual life ( ! p1 t f #a1ejj1jjj to #b1jjj1jjj p 9 ! ,/ate h no public libr>ies4 ,unless a l>g] & /rong] social & religi\s in/itution is creat$ 9 ! c\ntry di/ricts ?an is n[ f\nd 9 ! c\ntry *ur*1 ! m vigor\s "y p w = ! mo/ "p leave ! c\ntry1 & an inf]ior class w take _! places on ! f>m4 ,a process ( rev]se selection w !re=e set 9 :i* mu/ result 9 ! g5]al debasem5t ( our rural population & ultimately ( our nation z a :ole4 ,z is well kn[n1 ?is process ( decad5ce is already tak+ place ov] v l>ge areas 9 rural ,am]ica4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,:]e ,,*ur* ,,effici5cy ,,is ,,l[e/ ,! facts summ>iz$ 9 ! previ\s *apt] %[ t 9 rural ,ohio ! *ur* z a :ole is n adequately p]=m+ its great & difficult task4 ,x is equally evid5t t no in/itution c\ld hope = a high degree ( success unless m progressive 9 me?od & adm9i/ration4 ,fur!rmore1 unless ! urban (ficials or directors 9 *>ge ( rural *ur*es come to appreciate ! fundam5tal importance ( ! c\ntry *ur* problem1 address !mselves m s]i\sly to ! task 9 h&1 & make really effective use ( improv$ organization & available human & mat]ial res\rces1 ! c\ntry *ur* w cont9ue to decl9e4 ,:ile !re are v _m successful *ur*es1 & _m rural communities socially1 morally1 & economically prosp]\s1 failures occur 9 equally l>ge numb]s4 ,a mo/ /rik+ illu/ration ( ! *ur*es' ineffici5cy may be f\nd 9 s\!rn & s\!a/]n ,ohio4 ,"h1 9 a region cov]+ at lea/ eighte5 c\nties1 ! failure ( ! *ur*es may fairly be call$ pa!tic4 ,^! c\nties are ,adams1 ,a!ns1 ,br[n1 ,cl]mont1 ,gallia1 ,highl&1 ,hock+1 ,jackson1 ,lawr5ce1 ,meigs1 ,monroe1 ,morgan1 ,noble1 ,pike1 ,ross1 ,scioto1 ,v9ton1 & ,wa%+ton4 ,9 ?is area1 aft] m ?an a hundr$ ye>s ( ! "w ( ! *ur*es1 ! religi\s1 social1 & economic welf>e ( ! p are go+ d[n4 ,al?\gh ! *ur*es h be5 "h = m ?an a c5tury1 no normal type ( organiz$ religion is really fl\ri%+1 :ile ! only k9d :i*1 dur+ ! pa/ fifte5 ye>s1 has be5 ga9+ gr\nd1 ! cult ( ! ,holy ,roll]s1 is sc>cely bett] ?an t ( a ,d]vi%4 ,! *ur*es h fail$ & are fail+ to dispel ignorance & sup]/ition1 to prev5t ! increase ( vice1 ! spread ( disease1 & ! g5]al moral & spiritual decad5ce ( ! p4 ,mo/ ( ! in=mation conc]n+ ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties1 z = conv5i5ce1 ?is region is h]eaft] call$1 0 d]iv$ f p]sonal inve/igation on ! gr\nd by ,mr4 ,gill1 f ! te/imony ( two tra9$ inve/igators1 & f int]views & correspond5ce ) local m]*ants1 physicians1 cl]gym51 s*ool tea*]s1 sup]9t5d5ts ( s*ools & *ur*es1 f>m]s1 & ,sunday s*ool work]s4 ,in=mation confirm+ :at _h already be5 receiv$ 0 f\nd 9 ! /ati/ical reports ( ! national & /ate gov]nm5ts4 ,"s ( ! results ( a /udy ( ! reports ( ! ,ohio ,bureau ( ,vital ,/ati/ics & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c5sus are giv5 9 ,table ,a & 9 ,maps ,a1 & ,maps #a to #aj1 on pages #bf to #cf4 ,9 ,map ,a ! heavily %ad$ area indicates ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties includ$ 9 ?is region4 ,t5 o!r c\nties bord]+ ^u !m are %ad$ m lightly4 ,_m communities 9 ^! t5 bord]+ c\nties are influ5c$ by ! migration ( population f ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties4 ,9 no less ?an twelve out ( ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties1 ! dea? rate f tub]culosis is excessive4 7,see ,map #a & ,table ,a1 column #a47 ,reports ( ! ,ohio ,bureau ( ,vital ,/ati/ics = ! ye>s #aiji1 #aiaj1 & #aiaa 7! late/ we c\ld secure on ?is subject71 give ! av]age annual dea?s f ?is disease = #ajj1jjj p]sons1 z #abe = ! :ole ,/ate4 ,on ,map #a1 all c\nties are %ad$ ^: rate exce$s n #abe only1 b #ade4 ,( ! sev5te5 c\nties 9 ! ,/ate ^: dea? rate f tub]culosis is #ade or ov]1 all b five are 9 ?is region1 & ( ! five "o is a bord]+ c\nty4 ,outside ?is area & ! bord]+ c\nties1 ! highe/ rate is 9 ,frankl91 ( :i* ! city ( ,columbus is ! c\nty seat2 b ( ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties1 sev5 h a high] rate ?an ,frankl94 ,9 ,cl]mont ,c\nty x is #afd1 9 ,scioto #afi1 9 ,lawr5ce #agb1 9 ,ross #age1 9 ,gallia #ahd1 :ile 9 ,pike x is no less ?an #baf1--;f> l>g] ?an = any o!r rural c\nty 9 ! ,/ate4 ,9 ,hamilton ,c\nty1 9 :i* is ! city ( ,c9c9nati1 & :i* is adjac5t to ,cl]mont ,c\nty1 ! rate ( #bag is probably due to ! l>ge color$ population4 ,x w be obs]v$1 !re=e1 t 9 no less ?an two-?irds ( ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties ! rate ( dea? f ?is prev5table disease is excessively & indef5sibly high4 ,! numb] ( illegitimate bir?s 9 ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties is likewise excessive4 7,see ,map #b & ,table ,a1 column #b1 pages #bh & #cg47 ,! rate p] #ajj1jjj population = ! ,/ate is #dc4i4 ,( ! #bh c\nties ^: rate is above ! av]age1 #ai1 or #fh p] c5t1 are ei!r 9 ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties or ! c\nties bord]+ ^u !m4 ,no less ?an ?irte51 or m ?an two-?irds1 ( ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties h an excessive numb] ( illegitimate bir?s4 ,outside ?is area & ! bord]+ c\nties ! highe/ rate = any c\nty is #fa1 b 9 t5 ( ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties x is great] ?an ?is4 ,:]eas ! rate = ! ,/ate is less ?an #dd1 9 ,a!ns ,c\nty x is #fe1 9 ,noble #fg1 9 ,scioto #gc1 9 ,gallia #gf1 9 ,hock+ & ,monroe #gh1 9 ,ross #hg1 9 ,pike #hi1 9 ,lawr5ce no less ?an #aac1 :ile 9 ,jackson x is #abc1 or ! highe/ rate 9 ! ,/ate4 ,x w be not$ t ^! figures cov] ! c\nties 9 :i* are ! l>ge cities z well z ! rural c\nties4 ,b 9 ,hamilton1 conta9+ ! city ( ,c9c9nati1 ! rate is only #ff1 9 ,frankl91 conta9+ ! city ( ,columbus1 x is #ef1 & 9 ,cuyahoga1 conta9+ ! city ( ,clevel&1 x is only #ej4 ,illit]acy also1 9 ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties1 is excessive4 7,see ,map #c & column #c ( ,table ,a47 ,! p] c5t ( illit]ate males ( vot+ age = ! ,/ate 9 #aiaj 0 #d4b4 ,!re are #bi c\nties 9 :i* t numb] 0 exce$$4 ,( ^!1 f\rte5 are among ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties1 & five bord] ^u !m4 ,9 ,br[n ,c\nty1 ! p]c5tage is #d4c1 9 ,wa%+ton & ,noble #d4e1 9 ,monroe #e4d1 9 ,adams #f4i1 9 ,a!ns & ,ross #g4d1 9 ,scioto #g4g1 9 ,gallia #h4a1 9 ,v9ton #h4d1 9 ,hock+ #h4f1 :ile 9 ,pike x is #aj4g1 & 9 ,lawr5ce #aa4f4 ,among ! rema9+ t5 c\nties ^: p]c5tage ( illit]acy is above ! av]age x appe>s 7see ,map #d1 page #cj7 t 9 all b ?ree1 ! p]c5tage ( =eign-born p]sons is l>ge1 & t among c\nties :]e ! =eign born are few1 !re are1 outside ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties1 only six = :i* ! p]c5tage ( illit]acy is great] ?an #d4b1 & ?ree ( ^! are includ$ 9 ! c\nties :i* bord] ^u !m4 ,x w be not$ t 9 ?is region ! numb] ( =eign-born p]sons is v small4 ,! p]c5tage = ! ,/ate is #ab4e1 :]eas 9 ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties x is only #b4c4 ,no less ?an #ec c\nties out ( ! #gj outside ( ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties1 h a =eign population ( m ?an #b4c p] c5t4 ,9 ?is region1 !re=e1 :]e !re is s high a p]c5tage ( illit]acy1 ( illegitimacy1 & ( dea?s f prev5table disease1 ! p are m ne>ly pure ,am]icans ?an 9 ! re/ ( ! ,/ate4 ,!y comp>e unfavorably ) ! p ( c\nties :]e a l>ge proportion are =eign]s4 ,x is true t ! cause does n lie 9 ! orig9 ( ! population4 ,b ! fact t ^! ?+s are true 9 ! mo/ ,am]ican p>ts ( ,ohio1 :]e we %\ld naturally expect to f9d ! be/ situation1 greatly emphasizes ! significance ( ! conditions disclos$4 ,x is an additional indictm5t aga9/ ^? :o are responsible t 9 ,mahon+ ,c\nty m ?an #bh p] c5t & 9 ,cuyahoga ,c\nty m ?an #cc p] c5t ( ! population 9 #aiaj 7 =eign born1 yet 9 ^! c\nties1 conta9+ ! l>ge cities ( ,y\ng/[n & ,clevel&1 ! moral & social conditions are bett] ?an 9 ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties--a rural section inhabit$ by our pure/ ,am]ican /ock4 ,su* /ati/ical data z are "h pres5t$ are b z smoke indicat+ fire4 ,!y d n ov]/ate ! urg5cy ( ! appeal f ! un=tunate ov]-*ur*$ & "u-m9i/]$ communities ( ?is section4 ,"h gross sup]/ition ex]cises /rong control ov] ! ?\ght & action ( a l>ge proportion ( ! p4 ,syphilitic & o!r v5]eal diseases are common & increas+ ov] :ole c\nties1 :ile 9 "s communities ne>ly e family is afflict$ ) inh]it$ or infecti\s disease4 ,_m cases ( ince/ are kn[n1 inbre$+ is rife4 ,imbeciles1 feeble-m9d$1 & del9qu5ts are num]\s1 politics is corrupt1 ! sell+ ( votes is common1 petty crimes ab\nd1 ! s*ools h be5 badly manag$ & poorly att5d$4 ,cases ( rape1 assault1 & robb]y are ( almo/ weekly occurr5ce )9 five m9utes' walk ( ! corporation limits ( "o ( ! c\nty seats1 :ile 9 ano!r c\nty political control is held by a self-confess$ crim9al4 ,alcoholic intemp]5ce is excessive4 ,gross immorality & its evil results are by no means conf9$ to ! hill di/ricts1 b are extreme also 9 ! t[ns4 ,adams ,c\nty 0 made notori\s because 9 ! #aiaj election ne>ly #b1jjj p]sons 7 dis5fran*is$ = sell+ _! votes1 & !re is conv9c+ evid5ce t x does n /& alone4 ,( c\rse !re are _m communities 9 ?is region :]e conditions are bett]1 su* z ! area imm$iately affect$ by ! admirable & effective "w ( ,rio ,gr&e ,college4 ,b !re is j z little "q t ! g5]al deplorable condition ( ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties1 asc]ta9$ ?r\gh ! p]sonal inve/igations ( ,mr4 ,gill1 & confirm$ by wide correspond5ce & ! /ati/ical data "h summ>iz$1 is true4 ,! bad economic1 z di/+ui%$ f ! moral1 conditions 9 ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties are l>gely due to /]ility ( soil1 & to ! fact t _m ( its hillsides are too /eep = pr(itable cultivation4 ,x is (t5 cont5d$ t economic conditions affect religion & morals1 & !re is mu* tru? 9 t cont5tion4 ,b x _c be held t /eep hillsides & /]ile soil ( !mselves produce conditions su* z are "h describ$4 ,m]ely to /ate su* a proposition is to refute x4 ,moral & religi\s pov]ty mu/ be> at lea/ z mu* ( ! blame z pov]ty ( ! soil4 7,see ,maps #h1 #i1 & #aj1 & ,table ,a1 columns #h & #i47 ,! total value ( f>m prop]ty falls bel[ #ae million doll>s 9 b #ba ( ! #hh c\nties ( ,ohio4 ,( ! #ba1 all b #f are among ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties4 7,see ,map #h1 & ,table ,a1 column #h47 ,9 ,adams1 ,a!ns1 & ,monroe ,c\nties1 ! value ( f>m prop]ty is only #aj million doll>s ea*2 9 ,morgan #i1 9 ,meigs & ,scioto #h1 9 ,gallia #g1 9 ,hock+ & ,pike #f1 9 ,jackson & ,lawr5ce #e1 & 9 ,v9ton only #d4 ,accord+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c5sus ! value ( f>m prop]ty 9 ,ohio increas$ ne>ly #fj p] c5t f #aijj to #aiaj4 ,!re 7 only t5 c\nties 9 ! ,/ate 9 :i* f>m prop]ty _h n increas$ m ?an #be p] c5t dur+ t p]iod4 ,eight ( ^! are among ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties4 7,see ,map #i1 & ,table ,a1 column #i47 ,accord+ to ! ,c5sus ( #aiaj1 !re 7 only #ac c\nties 9 ,ohio ^: l& 0 valu$ at n m ?an #be4jj p] acre4 ,all ( !m are 9 ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties4 7,see ,map #aj47 ,9 ! rema9+ five ! l& is valu$ at n m ?an #ej4jj p] acre4 ,x becomes impossible1 !re=e1 to avoid ! "q :e!r ! "* ( ! soil det]m9es ! "* & de/9y ( ! p :o are born ^u x4 ,att5tion %\ld be direct$ 9 pass+ to ! fact t ! l[ value ( ! l& is due 9 "p to ! failure ( ! p :o live ^u x to develop & use ! natural res\rces :i* are available4 ,9 "s ( ! poore/ regions 9 ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties an occasional f>m] is mak+ a good liv+ f ! soil1 al?\gh 8 l& by nature is no bett] ?an t ( 8 poor neighbors4 ,z a rule ! agricultural opportunities ( ! region are neglect$4 ,= example1 little fruit is gr[n1 al?\gh bo? climate & soil 9 mu* ( ! region are v favorable to fruit production4 ,b x rema9s true t ! natural conditions z a :ole are n z favorable = agriculture1 z !y are to ! nor? & nor?we/2 & x is an unque/ionable fact t ! "* & condition ( ! e>?'s surface has a relation to ! physical1 intellectual1 social1 & moral conditions ( ! p :o live ^u x4 ,und\bt$ly ?is is z true 9 s\!a/]n ,ohio z x is else:]e4 ,poor soil1 z a rule1 does n hold ^u itself ! mo/ ent]pris+ families s t5aci\sly z good soil1 & = t reason we might fairly expect ! p ( ^! di/ricts to h less vigor & less initiative4 ,on su* soil x is !re=e m difficult to su/a9 ?riv+ *ur*es1 & s ! moral & religi\s life may be m prone to decl9e4 ,b soil conditions by !mselves _c demoralize a p4 ,!y c d s only :]e ! *ur* is fail+ to d its "w4 ,! natural conditions ( soil & climate are by no means worse 9 ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties ?an 9 _m o!r areas :]e fairly good moral conditions are f\nd4 ,!y are no worse ?an !y 7 9 ! p>i% ( ,john ,fr$]ick ,ob]l91 nor 9 _m fairly prosp]\s ,new ,engl& communities ( to-day4 ,ev5 :]e moral1 economic1 & o!r conditions are bad1 communities usually respond quickly to ! "w ( a well-equipp$ resid5t pa/or1 z ! exp]i5ce ( home mission>ies abundantly proves4 ,9 ! fir/ p>i% s]v$ z pa/or by ,mr4 ,gill1 ! soil & ! p 7 v poor4 ,! moral conditions1 because ( a *ur* situation v simil> to t ( ! neglect$ communities ( s\!a/]n ,ohio1 7 bad4 ,b ! response to ! "w ( a *ur* :i* gave good s]vice 0 all t c\ld h be5 anticipat$4 ,ev5 ! economic conditions 7 notably improv$ z a result ( ! *ur*'s "w1 :ile ! moral *ange 9 ! community 0 /rik+1 rapid1 & endur+4 ,m5 famili> ) home mission>y "w reg>d su* results z normal4 ,:]e ! conditions are z unfavorable z !y are 9 ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties1 x is unque/ionably ! duty ( ! *ur* z a :ole1 & especially ( ! *ur*es ( ! prosp]\s di/ricts1 to assi/ ! weak] *ur*es n only ) sup]vision & advice1 b also by help+ to provide well-tra9$ & well-equipp$ m9i/]s1 ?us gu>d+ aga9/ ! ravages ( an ignorant & untra9$ or unwor?y & ins9c]e m9i/ry4 ,! p ( s\!a/]n ,ohio w und\bt$ly be z responsive to good *ur* "w & z ready to foll[ good religi\s lead]%ip z ! p ( simil> regions else:]e4 ,su* "w & lead]%ip = _m ye>s1 at lea/1 !y h n _h4 7,see ! next *apt]47 ,_! ecclesia/ical & religi\s conditions are su* z af=d no gr\nd = expect+ bett] social1 moral1 & physical conditions ?an ^? actually f\nd to exi/4 ,surely we _c accept ^! conditions z inevitable until ! *ur* %all at lea/ h made a s]i\s ef=t to te/ ! possibilities & le>n ! results ( c>ry+ out a live & mod]n program4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,*ur*es ,,9 ,,! ,,eighte5 ,,c\nties ,9 ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties ( ,s\!a/]n ,ohio "s ( ! old] & /rong] d5om9ations are well repres5t$1 z ,table ,c %[s4 7,see page #ci47 ,no less ?an #ebf1 or m ?an "o-?ird1 ( ! total numb] ( *ur*es are ,me?odi/ ,episcopal4 ,ne>ly "o-t5? are ,unit$ ,bre?r5 9 ,*ri/1 ano!r t5? ,bapti/1 "o-fifte5? ,*ri/ian1 & "o-fifte5? ,presbyt]ian2 :ile o!r p[]ful d5om9ations are also pres5t4 ,x is evid5t t ! failure ( ! *ur*es 9 ?is area _c be laid to ! weakness or pov]ty ( ! d5om9ations repres5t$1 = !y are = ! mo/ "p nei!r weak nor poor4 ,ohio1 moreov]1 is a weal?y ,/ate1 & its *ur*es make l>ge contributions = *ur* "w & *ur* ext5sion bo? 9 ,am]ica & abroad4 ,x has be5 too commonly held 9 ! pa/ t mission>y ef=t %\ld consi/ l>gely 9 organiz+ & build+ *ur*es4 ,we d n believe t proposition is s\nd4 ,9 rural ,ohio ! wor/ moral & religi\s conditions are f\nd :]e !re are ! l>ge/ numb] ( *ur*es 9 proportion to ! numb] ( inhabitants4 ,9 #ci c\nties out ( a total ( #hh 9 ! ,/ate1 !re is "o c\ntry *ur* = ea* #bge p or less4 7,see ,map #e & ,table ,a1 column #e47 ,( ^! #ci c\nties1 #ag are among ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties "u our special consid]ation4 ,outside ^! ,eighte5 ,c\nties & ! c\nties contigu\s to !m1 no c\nty has an av]age ( less ?an #bbh p]sons to a *ur*1 b x appe>s t ,wa%+ton has "o *ur* = #bbf p]sons1 ,monroe "o = #bad1 ,pike "o = #baa1 ,gallia "o = #aig1 ,morgan "o = #aid1 ,jackson "o = #aic1 :ile ,v9ton has "o = #ahb1 & ,meigs "o *ur* = #agh4 ,9 ! rural sections ( ^! ,eighte5 ,c\nties !re are #a1edb *ur*es & #bdh t[n%ips1 or m ?an #f *ur*es to a t[n%ip4 ,:ile ! fact t ?is region is m difficult to travel1 because m hilly1 ?an _m o!r p>ts ( ! ,/ate might con/itute a reason = hav+ _m *ur*es1 x c]ta9ly _c be held t ! bad moral & religi\s conditions :i* exi/ are due to lack ( a suffici5t numb] ( !m4 ,nor is support "h to be f\nd = ! cont5tion sometimes made t religi\s "w ?rives be/ "u competition4 ,! l>g] ! numb] ( *ur*es 9 proportion to ! population1 ! m difficult x obvi\sly becomes to secure1 support1 & reta9 resid5t pa/ors4 ,9 proportion to ! numb] ( *ur*es1 ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties h a comp>atively small numb] ( m9i/]s4 7,see ,map #f & ,table ,a1 column #f47 ,9 ! ,/ate z a :ole1 ab\t "o-?ird1 or #cd p] c5t1 ( ! *ur*es h resid5t m9i/]s4 ,9 only ?ree c\nties outside ! ,eighte5 is x true t less ?an "o-f\r? ( ! *ur*es h !m4 ,^! are ,delaw>e1 ,co%octon1 & ,pickaway1 & ! latt] is "o ( ! bord]+ c\nties4 ,b 9 #ac ( ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties less ?an "o-f\r? ( ! *ur*es h resid5t m9i/]s4 ,x w be not$ t less ?an "o-fif? ( ! *ur*es 9 ,scioto1 ,pike1 ,lawr5ce1 & ,meigs ,c\nties h resid5t m9i/]s1 "o-six? 9 ,morgan ,c\nty1 & less ?an "o-six? 9 ,jackson1 ,hock+1 & ,gallia4 ,9 ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties ! numb] ( resid5t m9i/]s 9 proportion to ! population1 z well z 9 proportion to ! numb] ( *ur*es1 is small4 7,see ,map #g & ,table ,a1 column #g47 ,!re are #bd c\nties 9 ,ohio 9 :i* !re are m ?an #a1jjj p]sons = ea* resid5t m9i/]1 ( :i* #ac are among ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties "u consid]ation1 & ?ree among ! bord]+ c\nties4 ,noble ,c\nty has a resid5t m9i/] to e #a1bdj p]sons1 ,gallia to e #a1cif1 ,lawr5ce to e #a1dej1 ,pickaway to e #a1deh1 :ile ,hock+ has only "o to #a1fic1 or ne>ly #a1gjj p]sons4 ,"h1 z 9 mo/ rural sections1 an abs5tee m9i/ry is necess>ily ineffective4 7,see pages #ej-ea47 ,! =ego+ facts af=d conv9c+ evid5ce t ! *ur* 9 ?is region is r5d]+ poor s]vice--h[ poor ! read] may judge f ! foll[+ description ( ! religi\s & ecclesia/ical conditions f\nd by ,mr4 ,gill 9 8 p]sonal inve/igation on ! gr\nd4 ,= ! mo/ "p ! f>m p ( ^! ,eighte5 ,c\nties are v religi\s4 ,?is is atte/$ n m]ely by ! l>ge numb] ( *ur*es1 b also by ! frequ5cy ( well-att5d$ revival s]vices1 held 9 spr+1 summ]1 autumn1 & w9t]4 7,9 ,pike ,c\nty1 = example1 no less ?an #a1ejj revival s]vices 7 held 9 ?irty ye>s1 or an av]age ( #ej ea* ye>47 ,yet a normal1 :olesome religion1 be>+ z its fruit bett] liv+ & all-r\nd human developm5t1 & *]i%$ & propagat$ by sane & sob]-m9d$ p1 is r>ely kn[n4 ,! ma9 function ( a *ur*1 accord+ to ! popul> conception1 is to hold ^! protract$ meet+s1 to /ir up religi\s emotion1 &1 "u its influ5ce1 to br+ to pass c]ta9 psy*ological exp]i5ces4 ,! idea seems to be dom9ant 9 ne>ly all ! d5om9ations & *ur*es t ! pres5ce ( ! ,deity is made kn[n ma9ly1 if n solely1 ?r\gh /ates ( int5se emotion :i* may be /imulat$ 9 religi\s assemblies4 ,su* emotion is held to be n only a manife/ation ( ! ,deity's pres5ce1 b also a pro( ( ,8 exi/5ce4 ,no man is held to be religi\s or sav$ f evil de/9y unless he has _h su* exp]i5ce4 ,x becomes1 !re=e1 ! bus9ess ( ! prea*] ( ! *ur* to create conditions favorable to ! exp]i5c+ ( ^! emotions4 ,(ficials ( d5om9ations to :i* m ?an two-?irds ( ! *ur*es belong enc\rage or p]mit ! promotion ( a religion ( ! excessively emotional type1 :i* enc\rages roll+ ^u ! floor by m51 wom51 & *ildr51 & go+ into trances1 :ile "s ?+s :i* h happ5$ 9 ! regul> s]vices ( a *ur* 9 "o ( ! l>ge/ d5om9ations _c prop]ly be describ$ 9 pr9t4 ,! lead]s ( a religi\s cult commonly call$ ,holy ,roll]s seem to be mo/ effici5t 9 ?is direction4 ,! "* ( _! s]vices & activities produce ! results desir$1 accord+ to ! traditions accept$ & proclaim$ = g5]ations by ignorant prea*]s to a nonprogressive p4 ,a ,holy ,roll] movem5t 0 />t$ 9 ,pike ,c\nty 9 ! ye> #aijb4 ,x has /eadily be5 ga9+ gr\nd ev] s9ce1 & has nev] be5 m fl\ri%+ ?an n[4 ,x is ! live/ sect 9 ?is & neighbor+ c\nties4 ,its meet+s are l>ge & full ( en?usiasm4 ,except ! *ur*es ( ?is cult1 v few are n[ left 9 ! we/]n half ( ,pike ,c\nty :i* %[ any activity :atev]4 ,9 "o di/rict ( #aej squ>e miles 79 :i* !re are #a1bjj *ildr5 enroll$ 9 ! s*ools & 9 all #a1fjj "y p f ! ages ( six to tw5ty7 no *ur*es 7 hold+ s]vices 9 #aiag except ^? ( ! ,holy ,roll]s4 ,! seasons ( protract$ ,holy ,roll] meet+s (t5 la/ = sev]al weeks4 ,frequ5tly !y beg9 ea* day at #aj4jj ,a4 ,m4 & cont9ue until #b4jj ,a4 ,m4 ! next day1 ) int]missions = meals4 ,^! meet+s are *>act]iz$ by mu* s++1 ) music well adapt$ to ry?mic motions ( ! body1 by danc+ & clapp+ ! h&s1 sometimes by %\t+ & joy\s scream+1 roll+ ^u ! floor1 tumbl+ toge!r ( m5 & wom5 9 heaps1 trances1 :ile at lea/ "o ( _! prea*]s has ex]cis$ hypnotic p[] ov] "s ( 8 foll[]s & has put !m ?r\gh /unts 9 no way diff]+ f ^? ( ! pr(essional hypnoti/ %[man :o1 9 times pa/1 = ! price ( admission1 has amus$ & a/oni%$ 8 audi5ce ) exhibitions ( 8 skill4 ,9 "o village :]e ,mr4 ,gill att5d$ a *ur* belong+ to ?is movem5t1 x 0 ! only religi\s organization hold+ s]vices or %[+ any signs ( life4 ,al?\gh at ?is s]vice ! build+ 0 full to its capacity1 z is usual ) meet+s ( ?is k9d1 ! *ur* n only _h no ,sunday s*ool1 b its lead]s kept ! *ildr5 away f "o :i* a mission>y ( ! ,am]ican ,sunday ,s*ool ,union 0 try+ to />t 9 ! neighborhood4 ,?ree-f\r?s ( ! p>5ts ( ! fifty pupils 9 ! local s*ool 7 adh]5ts ( ?is cult1 yet its lead]s oppos$ hav+ bett] day s*ools4 ,! s*ool pr9cipal1 "u ! direction ( ! ,c\nty ,s*ool ,sup]9t5d5t1 tri$ to hold lit]>y meet+s = intellectual & social improvem5t1 b "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,holy ,roll] lead]s1 ! p>5ts refus$ to let _! *ildr5 att5d1 & ! ent]prise 0 defeat$4 ,app>5tly no meet+ = any purpose is to be tol]at$ except ! ,holy ,roll] meet+s !mselves4 ,^! !oretically & 9 fact take ! place ( all o!r ga!r+s4 ,! ,holy ,roll] *ur* 9 ?is community1 z else:]e1 9 its total influ5ce promotes immorality4 ,x has a t5d5cy to break up families & de/roy ! peace & h>mony ( ! neighborhood4 ,9 ! judgm5t ( ! m sob]-m9d$ p1 ! ,holy ,roll] movem5t spoils ! life ( ! community :]ev] x goes4 ,al?\gh ! ,holy ,roll] cult app>5tly 0 n />t$ 9 ?is region until a few ye>s ago1 x w\ld seem t ! religi\s activities ( ! old] d5om9ational *ur*es 7 b a good prep>ation = x4 ,9 fact1 good soil is f\nd = spr\t+ ! se$ ( ,holy ,roll]ism 9 _m sections ( ! ,/ate4 ,! diff]5ce 9 religi\s beliefs & ideals betwe5 ! ,holy ,roll]s & ! prea*]s ( o!r d5om9ations 9 ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties too (t5 is n easily detect$4 ,d5om9ations to :i* at lea/ two-?irds ( ! *ur*es belong employ _m m5 & wom5 z prea*]s :o are extremely ignorant4 ,9 "o ( its di/ricts1 ne>ly half ( ! tw5ty or ?irty m9i/]s ( ! l>ge/ d5om9ation 9 ! ,/ate did n h a common s*ool education4 ,x is usual to f9d m9i/]s intellectually inf]ior to a numb] ( families :om !y are suppos$ to lead & tea*4 ,9 "s di/ricts a consid]able proportion ( ! prea*]s h _h no m ?an ?ree or f\r grades ( common s*ool in/ruction4 ,"s _c write _! own names correctly4 ,accord+ly religi\s education is neglect$4 ,! p app>5tly h be5 unt\*$ by ! g5]al advance 9 religi\s k dur+ ! pa/ c5tury4 ,_m intellig5t p 9 ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties deplore ^! conditions & w\ld be glad to h *ur*es ( a diff]5t type4 ,b x is also v common to f9d among ! m prosp]\s1 especially 9 ! f]tile riv] valleys1 a _s ( utt] indiff]5ce t[>ds religion1 & (t5 ( gross mat]ialism4 ,"u su* circum/ances x is n surpris+ to f9d t 9 sev]al sections mu* ho/ility to in/itutional religion exi/s4 ,x is giv5 expression by rural hoodlums :o cut to pieces h>nesses & sla% tires belong+ to m9i/]s or laym5 :o att5d religi\s ga!r+s1 :ile 9 "s communities /ones are ?r[n ?r\gh ! w9d[s ( build+s :]e public wor%ip is be+ held4 ,:ile x is true t out ( ! poore/ & mo/ un=tunate di/ricts bright boys & girls frequ5tly em]ge1 escape _! surr\nd+s1 & become good citiz5s1 x is none ! less true t a l>ge proportion ( ^? :o rema9 h no reasonable *ance = :olesome developm5t4 ,! bad influ5ce ( ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties ext5ds f> beyond _! bord]s4 ,out ( !m _m f>m labor]s h gone to communities to ! nor? & nor?we/1 (t5 ) deplorable results to ! social1 religi\s1 & moral conditions ( ! communities :]e !y are employ$4 7,see ,table ,b47 ,x is calculat$ t no less ?an #fa1jjj p]sons emigrat$ 9 ! t5-ye> p]iod f #aijj to #aiaj f ! /rictly rural di/ricts ( sixte5 ( ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties4 ,9 ,madison1 a f]tile c\nty ne> ! c5t] ( ! ,/ate1 9 an area sixte5 miles long & f sev5 to elev5 miles wide1 !re are ?ree clos$ & no active *ur*es4 ,"o ( ! causes ( ?is condition is ! fact t ! f>m labor]s import$ by ! own]s ( l>ge tracts ( l&s 7 nev] made famili>1 be=e !y came1 ) a normal type ( religion4 ,^! m5 come f ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties or f sections across ! ,ohio ,riv] :]e ! conditions are v mu* ! same4 ,9 p>ts ( sev]al o!r c\nties ! situation br\ght ab\t by simil> immigration is extremely bad4 ,! ,eighte5 ,c\nties dem& mission>y activity on ! "p ( ! *ur* z a :ole1 n only = ! sake ( ! un=tunate p :o live 9 !m1 b also = ! sake ( ! o!r regions ^: welf>e is ?reat5$ by ! transf] ( l[ /&>ds ( all k9ds1 :i*1 l a =e/ fire1 are creep+ away f ! region :]e !y orig9at$4 ,among ! l>ge numb] ( intellig5t p]sons :o "k & deplore ! situation 9 typical communities ( s\!a/]n ,ohio1 v few seem to *]i% hope ( improvem5t4 ,su* pessimism appe>s to be unju/ifi$4 ,good "w is n[ be+ done by mission>ies ( ! ,am]ican ,sunday ,s*ool ,union4 ,:at is m important1 !re is mu* promise t ! tr\ble c be rea*$ & cur$ by ! mod]n c\ntry *ur* movem5t1 :i* is already mak+ real progress 9 ,ohio4 ,z a result ( ?is movem5t1 = example1 ! ,bo>d ( ,home ,missions ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur* has1 = ! fir/ "t1 appropriat$ mission>y funds to be us$ 9 ?is section1 :ile "o ( ! ,di/rict ,sup]9t5d5ts ( ! same d5om9ation is c>ry+ out a radically *ang$ program = ! *ur*es "u 8 sup]vision4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,a ,,:]e ,,conditions ,,dem& ,,mission>y ,,aid ,illu/ration3 ,,map #a ,,high ,,dea? ,,rates ,,f ,,tub]culosis ,illu/ration3 ,,map #b ,,high ,,rates ,,( ,,illegitimacy ,illu/ration3 ,,map #c ,,:]e ,,illit]acy ,,ab\nds ,illu/ration3 ,,map #d ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,=eign ,,born ,,:ites ,illu/ration3 ,,map #e ,,excessive ,,ov]-,,*ur*+ ,illu/ration3 ,,map #f ,,*ur*es ,,_m ,,b ,,m9i/]s ,,few ,illu/ration3 ,,map #g ,,numb] ,,( ,,p]sons ,,to ,a ,,resid5t ,,m9i/] ,illu/ration3 ,,map #h ,,value ,,( ,,f>m ,,prop]ty ,,9 ,,! ,,ye> #aiaj ,illu/ration3 ,,map #i ,,increase ,,9 ,,value ,,( ,,f>m ,,prop]ty ,illu/ration3 ,,map #aj ,,ri* ,,l& ,,& ,,poor ,,l& ,,table ,a ,,%[+ ,,t ,,9 ,a ,,gr\p ,,( #ah ,,c\nties ,,9 ,,s\!a/]n ,,ohio ,,!re ,,is ,,an ,,excessive ,,am\nt ,,( ,,prev5table ,,disease ,,& ,,illit]acy1 ,,an ,,excessive ,,numb] ,,( ,,illegitimate ,,bir?s1 ,,excessive ,,ov]*ur*+1 ,a ,,v ,,small ,,numb] ,,( ,,resid5t ,,m9i/]s ,,9 ,,proportion ,,to ,,! ,,numb] ,,( ,,*ur*es ,,& ,,numb] ,,( ,,p1 ,,t ,,z ,,comp>$ ,,) ,,o!r ,,sections ,,! ,,total ,,value ,,( ,,f>m ,,prop]ty ,,is ,,small ,,& ,,! ,,increase ,,9 ,,value ,,slight ,key3 #a ,av]age annual rate ( dea?s f tub]culosis ( ! lungs p] #ajj1jjj p]sons1 #aiji1 #aiaj1 #aiaa #b ,av]age annual rate p] #ajj1jjj population ( illegitimate bir?s = #aiji1 #aiaj #c ,p] c5t ( illit]ate males ( vot+ age1 #aiaj #d ,p] c5t ( total population :o 7 =eign born :ite1 #aiaj #e ,numb] ( p]sons to a *ur* #f ,p] c5t ( *ur*es :i* h resid5t m9i/]s #g ,numb] ( p]sons to ea* resid5t m9i/] #h ,numb] ( millions ( doll>s at :i* f>m prop]ty is valu$ #i ,p] c5t increase 9 value ( f>m prop]ty #aijj-aiaj #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i ,= ,/ate1 #hh c\nties #abe #dc4i #d4b #ab4e #bgi #cd #hbe #ei ,adams #adg #f4i #j4e #bff #ajca #aj #af ,a!ns #aee #fe #g4d #e4c #bbi #ba #ajhf #aj #af ,br[n #aic #d4c #a4i #aabi #ae ,cl]mont #afd #bdi #ad ,gallia #ahd #gf #h4a #a4b #aig #ad #acif #g #ac ,highl& #ade #beb ,hock+ #gh #h4f #c4e #bce #ad #afic #f ,jackson #adg #abc #i4e #b #aic #af #abbb #e ,lawr5ce #agb #aac #aa4f #a4h #bfg #ah #adej #e #ai ,meigs #aeh #agh #ah #ajaj #h ,monroe #gh #e4d #b4d #bad #bd #aj #ai ,morgan #ej #aid #ag #aaej #i #be ,noble #fg #d4e #c4b #bdh #bj #abdj #aa ,pike #baf #hi #aj4g #a4d #baa #ah #abji #f ,ross #age #hg #g4d #b4b #beb ,scioto #afi #gc #g4g #c #bcc #ai #abaa #h ,v9ton #di #h4d 4#h #ahb #bb #d #ab ,wa%+ton #eh #d4e #b4e #bbf #ba #ajhg #ad #be ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,av]age = #ah c\nties #b4c ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,belmont #ee #g4a #ae4a #aajg ,cl9ton ,fairfield #bbb ,fayette #ee #f4b 4#g #beg #abcd ,gu]nsey #ee #g4h #i4b #bfi #ac ,hamilton #bag #ff #ad4c ,musk+um #dh #bbd ,p]ry #d4f #g4c #i ,pickaway #acj #fa #e4g #a4h #bb #adeh ,w>r5 #bga ,,table ,b ,,%[+ ,,calculat$ ,,numb] ,,( ,,p]sons ,,:o ,,migrat$ ,,f ,,! ,,rural ,,di/ricts ,,( ,,sixte5 ,,c\nties ,,9 ,,s\!a/]n ,,ohio #aijj-aiaj ,key3 #a ,population ( /rictly rural t[n%ips1 #aiaj #b ,excess ( bir? rate ov] dea? rate #c ,population ( /rictly rural t[n%ips1 #aijj #d ,calculat$ total population 9 #aiaj _h !re be5 no migration #e ,calculat$ no4 p]sons :o migrat$ #aijj-aiaj #a #b #c #d #e ,total #fa1dah ,adams #bd1gge #ab4ae #bf1cbh #bi1dcb #d1fgg ,br[n #bd1hcb #d4ic #bh1bcg #cj1bda #e1dji ,cl]mont #bi1eea #c4ha #ca1faj #cc1cgg #c1hbf ,gallia #ai1edf #b4gc #bj1igc #ba1ebg #a1iha ,highl& #ag1chb #d4bb #ai1ejd #bj1bhc #b1ija ,hock+ #af1icd #ab4gb #ai1ahc #ba1chj #d1ddf ,jackson #aj1iif #ab4dg #ab1jji #ac1ddd #b1ddh ,lawr5ce #bc1bjb #ad4hc #bd1fdd #bh1aib #d1iij ,meigs #af1afb #a4if #ah1ifa #ai1cjf #c1add ,monroe #ai1idj #ac4gc #bc1cgc #bf1cdg #f1djg ,morgan #af1jig #h4jg #ag1ije #bj1ggg #d1fhj ,noble #ah1fja #aa4bh #ai1dff #ba1fac #c1jab ,pike #ae1gbc #aa4dh #ah1agb #bj1aah #d1cie ,ross #bb1dfj #e4f #be1geh #be1hic #c1dcc ,v9ton #ac1jif #i4d #ae1ccj #ae1dfd #b1cfh ,wa%+ton #bi1dji #g4d #cb1dha #cb1gaj #c1cja ,,table ,c ,,d5om9ations ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*es ,,9 ,,eighte5 ,,c\nties ,,( ,,s\!a/]n ,,ohio ,key3 #a ,*ur*es 9 #bdh /rictly rural t[n%ips #b ,o!r rural *ur*es #c ,all rural *ur*es #a #b #c ,total #a1edb #eic #b1ace ,me?odi/ ,episcopal #ebf #baf #gdb ,unit$ ,bre?r5 #ach #dc #aha ,bapti/ #abd #bf #aej ,*ri/ian #ig #ac #aaj ,presbyt]ian #if #dj #acf ,disciples #hg #ci #abf ,me?odi/ ,prote/ant #fc #be #hh ,*ri/ian ,union #df #e #ea ,ca?olic #dc #bb #fe ,non-,progressive ,disciples #bh #c #ca ,radical ,unit$ ,bre?r5 #bf #d #cj ,lu!ran #ba #bh #di ,congregational #ag #a #ah ,re=m$ #ad #af #cj ,g]man ,evangelical #ad #a #ae ,unit$ ,presbyt]ian #aj #bc #cc ,fri5ds #aj #ba #ca ,all o!rs #ahb #fg #bdi ,,*apt] ,,vi ,a ,,policy ,,& ,,program ,! roots ( ! religi\s & moral life ( ! ,nation are *iefly 9 ! c\ntry *ur*4 ,z 9 s\!a/]n ,ohio1 s 9 any area :]e ! *ur* fails1 deg5]acy beg9s4 ,! l[ & sordid moral atmosph]e f\nd 9 s _m rural villages & communities1 n only among ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties1 b ?r\gh\t ! ,/ate 7& f> beyond ! b\nd>ies ( ,ohio7 is altoge!r unnecess>y4 ,x con/itutes a *all5ge to ! *ur* :i* c no long] g unhe$$4 ,obvi\sly1 :atev] re=ms 9 me?ods & policies may be requir$ to enable x effici5tly to p]=m its task mu/ be made4 7#a7 ,a ,bett] ,program ,"o ( ! *ief und]ly+ causes ( ! pres5t condition ( ! *ur*es is an imp]fect conception ( _! function4 ,we recognize ! fact t ! effective proclaim+ ( ! ,gospel is ! ess5tial if n ! greate/ & mo/ important task ( ! *ur*es1 b ! impression is /ill v widespread 9 ! ,ohio *ur*es t to prea* x f pulpit & plat=m is almo/ _! only task4 ,t ?is is n en\gh to br+ ! *ur*es to _! full effectiv5ess has be5 conclusively prov$ by ! exp]i5ce ( =eign mission>ies dur+ ! pa/ hundr$ ye>s4 ,9 proportion to ! numb] ( _! mission>ies1 ! mission>y societies :i* h believ$ t proclaim+ ! ,*ri/ian message is ! only function ( ! *ur*1 h n made z _m conv]ts nor built up z /rong *ur*es z ^? :i* engage also 9 ! "w ( heal+ ! sick & tea*+4 ,! mo/ successful mission>y organizations tea* n only ,*ri/ian life & !ology1 b all t makes = :at is be/ 9 our ,*ri/ian civilization4 ,! welf>e ( a man's s\l may be increas$ by promot+ ! welf>e ( ! re/ ( him1 & ! aim ( ! *ur* %\ld be to br+ e man to ! highe/ possible developm5t ( all 8 p[]s4 ,9 seek+ to d s x w n only be m effective 9 creat+ a high] manhood & womanhood1 b w also make its message bett] und]/ood & secure a great] numb] ( *ur* memb]s & adh]5ts4 ,= our city *ur*es also ?is is z true z = ! =eign mission>y field1 al?\gh p]haps less obvi\sly s4 ,! equipm5t ( s l>ge a numb] ( mod]n city *ur*es = v>i\s =ms ( social s]vice is a /rong indication t ^? :o control _! policies recognize ! necessity ( a m div]sifi$ field ( "w4 ,! success & gr[? ( ! ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 is ano!r indication ( ! tru? = :i* we are cont5d+4 ,?is in/itution :i* is a bran* or arm ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur* has decl>$ its aim to be ! developm5t ( s\l1 m9d1 & body4 ,z a result ( ?is policy x is n[ engag$ 9 _m k9ds ( "w :i* %\ld also be done m widely & g5]ally & s on a great] scale ?r\gh\t ! *ur*4 ,x receives l>ge contributions ( money f memb]s ( ! *ur*es1 & x rightly und]takes & successfully c>ries out l>ge ent]prises :]e o!r *ur* organizations fail to see _! duties & opportunities & lag beh9d or rema9 idle4 ,/ill ano!r reason = believ+ 9 a l>g] function & mission ( ! *ur* is f\nd 9 ! fact t e /rik+ly successful c\ntry *ur* is f\nd to be deeply conc]n$ ) ! ne$s ( ! community1 & is c>ry+ out a broad & compreh5sive program ( s]vice4 ,?is is true n only 9 ! ,/ate ( ,ohio1 b ?r\gh\t ! ,nation4 ,f9ally & conclusively1 x may be add$ t ! broad] program 0 in/itut$ & c>ri$ out by ! ,f\nd] ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 & 0 by ,him enjo9$ ^u ,8 foll[]s4 ,:at ! new program = ! local c\ntry *ur* %\ld be is no long] a matt] ( conjecture4 ,c\ntry m9i/]s 9 v _m widely sep>at$ p>i%es ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h work$ x out indep5d5tly 9 try+ to meet ! ne$s ( _! communities1 & h ev]y:]e rea*$ sub/antially ! same conclusion4 ,! program is ess5tially ! same 9 all places :]e ! mo/ successful c\ntry *ur* "w is done4 ,x has f\nd an embodim5t 9 ! mass ( c\ntry *ur* lit]ature :i* has be5 publi%$ dur+ ! pa/ eight ye>s1 & x has be5 /udi$1 tri$1 & prov$ to meet ! ne$ ( l>ge numb]s ( c\ntry pa/ors 9 ,ohio & 9 _m ( ! o!r ,/ates4 ,h[ x has be5 c>ri$ out 9 "s ,ohio p>i%es is describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,viii1 pages #ge-hg4 7#b7 ,a ,bett] ,m9i/ry ,to c>ry out ! bett] program = ! local c\ntry *ur* requires an educat$ m9i/ry4 ,ohio has suff]$ greatly f m9i/]ial quack]y4 ,v imp]fectly equipp$ m9i/]s1 su* z are f\nd 9 ne>ly e c\nty ( ! ,/ate1 & uns\nd ignorant m51 su* z are s common 9 ! ,eighte5 ,c\nties1 _c meet ! requirem5ts ( ! new program4 ,d\btless ! educational requirem5ts ( ! discipl9e ( _m ( ! d5om9ations are set too l[1 b ev5 s1 if ! rules ( ! discipl9e 7 /rictly obey$1 a l>ge proportion ( ! pres5t m9i/]s w\ld be elim9at$4 ,! new program requires tra9$ m54 ,to get bett] m51 bett] opportunity & bett] pay mu/ be suppli$4 ,fields ( s]vice mu/ be creat$ l>ge en\gh1 yet suffici5tly compact & free f compet+ rivals1 to make good "w possible4 ,! f>m]s mu/ be conv9c$ t bett] support ( ! m9i/ry is ess5tial1 9 _! own int]e/4 ,at ! same "t ! be/ "y m5 ( ! *ur*es mu/ be assur$ t ! new program (f]s a field s promis+ z to make x wor? _! :ile to ent] ! m9i/ry4 ,! *ur*es are wise en\gh & /rong en\gh to d all ?is if !y w address !mselves to ! situation & take x s]i\sly4 7#c7 ,bett] ,support ,9 a l>ge "p ( ,ohio ! f>m]s are able & ready to multiply ! am\nt ( money !y n[ contribute = ! support ( ! *ur*es4 ,:5 x is made cle> to !m t bett] pay w br+ a bett] m9i/]1 increas$ support w *e]fully be giv54 ,b ! f>m]s w n give m money ei!r = ! support ( an inf]ior m9i/]1 or to c>ry out ! old program4 ,!y w dem& _! money's wor?1 & ?is ! pres5t me?ods d n1 9 g5]al1 supply4 ,! increas$ prosp]ity & consequ5t ability ( ! f>m]s to support ! *ur* m lib]ally is indicat$ by ! fact t ! total value ( f>m prop]ty 9 ,ohio increas$ ne>ly #fj p] c5t dur+ ! t5-ye> p]iod f #aijj to #aiaj4 ,b x mu/ be rememb]$ t increas$ support w n be giv5 by ! f>m]s unless ! ne$ = x1 & :at x w br+1 is br\ght =cefully to _! att5tion4 ,?is ! individual m9i/] _c d1 = to attempt x lays him op5 to ! *>ge ( fea!r+ 8 own ne/4 ,x %\ld be done by a ,/ate ,f$]ation ( ,*ur*es or by su* organizations z ,! ,ohio ,rural ,life ,association1 act+ ?r\gh its own in/itutes & ! f>m]s' in/itutes1 ?r\gh ! circulation ( its lit]ature1 & ?r\gh ! =mation ( organizations = ?is purpose 9 ! *ur*es ( ! diff]5t c\nties4 ,no matt] h[ good "w a m9i/] may d1 ord9>ily he w n be adequately support$ unless "s special ag5cy does ?is "w4 7#d7 ,bett] ,acqua9tance ,! pres5t sy/em ( circuits entails ^u ! c\ntry m9i/] an enorm\s wa/e ( "t4 ,if a man tries to d ! pa/oral "w :i* is /rictly necess>y1 he mu/ sp5d a v l>ge proportion ( 8 work+ h\rs 9 driv+ to ! widely sep>at$ po9ts ( 8 v>i\s p>i%es1 cross+ & recross+ z he goes ! l9es ( travel ( o!r m9i/]s engag$ 9 ! same t]ritory ^u ! same "w4 ,t ! c\ntry m9i/] %\ld be call$ ^u to wa/e s l>ge a "p ( 8 life 9 ?is way is %ameful because x is bad & ineffici5t organization1 & c>ries ) x an utt]ly ne$less loss4 ,to und]/& ! significance ( pa/oral call+ 9 a rural community x mu/ be rememb]$ t isolation is z *>act]i/ic ( ! c\ntry z conge/ion is ( ! cities4 ,a l>ge proportion ( rural families look ^u a m9i/] :o calls frequ5tly z a p]sonal asset ( great value4 ,he supplies opportunities n o!rwise available = ! discussion ( matt]s ( g5]al int]e/ or ( deep p]sonal conc]n4 ,he calls att5tion to ! ?+s o!rwise =gott51 & br+s1 or %\ld br+ ) him1 ! ine/imable advantage ( intimate contact ) a wise & well-tra9$ m9d4 ,moreov]1 a man full ( good w to all go+ f h\se to h\se1 sympa!tically try+ to help & und]/&1 w inevitably modify ! un*>itable & unju/ public op9ion :i* ei!r exi/s or is believ$ to exi/ 9 mo/ rural communities4 ,equally effective are ! incid5tal contacts ( a m9i/] engag$ 9 community s]vice1 su* z "w ) boys1 or ! promotion ( welf>e ent]prises4 ,?us engag$ he w inevitably get 9 t\* ) 8 p>i%ion]s1 & supply ! ne$s ( individuals & ( ! community1 at lea/ z fully z ! m9i/] :o devotes mo/ ( 8 work+ h\rs to pa/oral calls4 ,9 su* "w less "t is sp5t 9 ! long drives or walks betwe5 h\ses :i* are necess>y 9 sy/ematic call+1 :ile ! m9i/] gets to "k ! m5 bett] & bo!rs !m less4 ,)\t pa/oral call+ & community welf>e "w1 ! c\ntry m9i/]'s s]vice is sure to be ineffective4 ,b z a matt] ( fact ! c\ntry m9i/]s ( ,ohio = ! mo/ "p d v little ( ei!r4 ,! c\ntry p z a rule1 receive v few pa/oral calls1 accord+ to ! almo/ univ]sal te/imony ( ! c\ntry m9i/]s !mselves z well z t ( o!r p]sons :o live 9 ! c\ntry4 ,9 ,delaw>e ,c\nty1 = example1 a prosp]\s c\nty 9 ! c5t] ( ! ,/ate1 !re is an area ( #hb squ>e miles1 ) m ?an #b1ajj p1 9 :i* only "o m9i/] makes any pa/oral calls1 & he makes v few4 ,half ! t[n%ips ( ?is c\nty h no resid5t m9i/]s4 ,mr4 ,gill f\nd "o t[n%ip 9 ! nor?-c5tral section ( ! ,/ate 9 :i* ! f>m]s' families probably _h n be5 call$ on once 9 five ye>s4 ,"o woman _h n receiv$ a call f a m9i/] 9 twelve ye>s4 ,:5 f9ally call$ ^u %e became a regul> & happy *ur* att5dant1 ?\gh %e _h n be5 to *ur* s9ce h] *ildhood4 ,ano!r family 0 f\nd 9 ! same region ^: h\se no m9i/] _h ent]$ = n9ete5 ye>s4 ,9 an ,ohio ,riv] t[n%ip1 ! memb]s ( a family te/ifi$ t a m9i/] _h n call$ on !m = tw5ty-five ye>s1 & /ill o!rs ass]t$ t no m9i/] _h ev] ent]$ _! homes4 ,f ! reports ( eighte5 pa/ors 9 "o d5om9ational di/rict x appe>$ t on an av]age ea* "o made only six calls a ye> ^u non-*ur* memb]s1 al?\gh ^! 7 m ?an #fj p] c5t ( ! p4 ,our m9i/] does n "k ! p ( ?is community is common te/imony ev]y:]e 9 ! c\ntry p>i%es4 ,! c\ntry m9i/]'s influ5ce is /ill fur!r r$uc$ because 8 t]m ( s]vice is %ort--usually b a ye> or two1 r>ely ?ree ye>s4 ,moreov]1 8 ef=ts are commonly divid$ among sev]al communities & ?us are spread too ?9 to produce results4 ,add to t ! fact t 9 ea* community ! p :om he s]ves are int]m+l$ ) ! p>i%ion]s ( m9i/]s ( o!r d5om9ations4 ,"u ^! circum/ances h[ c he become effici5t 9 community s]vice1 & h[ c he get to "k ! p ( 8 *>ge8 ,ord9>ily he does n ev5 attempt x4 ,"u pres5t conditions ! c\ntry m9i/] :o does1 g5]ally accompli%es little & we>s himself into disc\ragem5t4 7#e7 ,re>rangem5t ( ,circuits ,! old circuit sy/em "u :i* _m ( ! d5om9ations develop$ _! "w & :i* is n[ ! sy/em employ$ 9 ne>ly all ! l>g] d5om9ations 9 ! ,/ate1 0 ( und\bt$ value 9 ! beg9n+ ( _! "w 9 pione] days4 ,b l _m o!r effici5t me?ods ( e>ly times x has ceas$ to be ! be/ me?od = pres5t ne$s1 9 ! =m 9 :i* we n[ f9d x at "w4 ,?is is true except 9 a few in/ances :]e x appe>s 9 su* a modifi$ =m z to be adaptable to pres5t conditions4 ,"u ! circuit sy/em x has (t5 be5 accept$ z a policy by *ur* (ficials t e *ur* mu/ h a m9i/] & e m9i/] a *ur*4 ,! advantages accru+ bo? to ! *ur*es & m9i/]s f a reasonably cauti\s & n too consi/5t application ( su* a rule are obvi\s4 ,b failure to use su* caution & too great insi/5ce on its univ]sal application too (t5 h result$ 9 ! employm5t ( unequipp$ & un$ucat$ m9i/]s & sometimes ev5 ( m5 ^: "* 0 que/ionable1 :i* 9 turn1 has help$ to br+ ab\t a l[ /&>d ( pay = ! m9i/]4 ,! pay ( ! skill$ has fall5 to t ( ! unskill$1 & ! total result has be5 to *eap5 ! m9i/ry4 ,! /&>d among f>m]s = ! support ( bo? *ur* & m9i/]1 !re=e1 has fall5 l[4 ,we mu/ h a greatly modifi$ sy/em or a bett] sy/em be=e ! m9i/ry c be bett] paid4 ,"u ! circuit sy/em z n[ appli$ 9 ,ohio ! *ur*es too (t5 provide = b little else ?an prea*+4 ,ev5 ! ,sunday s*ool1 "o ( ! mo/ hopeful & valuable k9ds ( *ur* "w1 is hamp]$ by x1 = ?is "w ne$s ! lead]%ip ( a tra9$ m9i/ry1 :i* ! pres5t circuit sy/em t5ds to prev5t4 ,! m9i/] ) a circuit c r>ely att5d ! s]vices ( 8 ,sunday s*ools1 & ! task ( promot+ ! ,sunday s*ool "w dur+ ! week 9 ! sev]al communities ( 8 *>ge is usually too ardu\s = him4 ,9 times pa/ x has be5 held comm5dable = a d5om9ation to e/abli% "o ( its *ur*es 9 e community1 reg>dless ( ! numb] ( *ur*es already !re4 ,by mak+ use ( ! pres5t circuit sy/em1 x has be5 possible to e/abli% & aft] a fa%ion to ma9ta9 a *ur* almo/ any:]e4 ,h5ce ! pres5t un=tunate multiplication ( *ur*es4 ,:5 rural communities are ov]*ur*$1 z "u ! work+ ( ?is plan 9 ,ohio mo/ ( !m are1 competition betwe5 !m necess>ily results n 9 ! survival ( ! fit1 b 9 ! cont9u$ exi/5ce ( an excessive numb] ( bloodless1 moribund *ur*es1 ^: en]gies are almo/ entirely exhau/$ 9 ! m]e ef=t to keep alive4 ,:5 ! circuit sy/em is adopt$ by m ?an "o compet+ d5om9ation 9 a field z x is 9 ,ohio x helps to p]petuate int]*ur* competition4 ,:5 "o adopts x all o!rs mu/1 or retire f ! field4 ,x _c be held t ! result+ competition helps to make m ,*ri/ians1 or t x t5ds to develop "* or community life4 ,on ! contr>y1 x r$uces bo? ! p[] ( ! *ur* z a :ole & ! influ5ce ( ! individual *ur*es = p]sonal righte\sness & community welf>e4 ,!n1 z ! *ur*es "u ! competitive sy/em gr[ weak]1 !y mu/ be yok$ 9 l>g] circuits4 ,s f> has ! practice gone t 9 "o circuit 9 ,ohio !re are actually t5 *ur*es4 ,a v>iation ( ?is sy/em is f\nd 9 c]ta9 ,holy ,roll] *ur*es :]e an undef9$ numb] ( *ur*es toge!r dep5d = _! lead]%ip on a gr\p ( it9]ant revivali/s4 ,frequ5t or occasional seasons ( revival s]vices (t5 con/itute ! sole activity ( ^! *ur*es1 yet because ( ! weakness ( ! latt] !y are succe$+ or h succe$$ 9 cr[d+ out _m *ur*es ( ! old] d5om9ations4 ,!re is a cle> in/ance ( ?is 9 ! we/]n half ( ,pike ,c\nty1 :]e ne>ly all ! *ur*es are ab&on$ except+ ^? ( ! ,holy ,roll]s--a /rik+ example ( rev]se selection or ! survival ( ! unfit4 ,! movem5t = ! cons]vation & improvem5t ( rural life has no great] enemy ?an ! misus$ circuit sy/em4 ,n only does x weak5 ! *ur*es1 b x necess>ily disc\rages ! developm5t ( ! community & ( community life4 ,) 8 ef=ts divid$ among ?ree or m diff]5t communities1 8 p>i%ion]s m+l$ ) memb]s ( compet+ *ur*es1 ! c\ntry m9i/] _c hope = ! coop]ation necess>y to effective lead]%ip4 ,8 success 9 any "w = ! community1 because x w\ld add pre/ige to 8 *ur*1 z a rule is n desir$ by ! memb]s ( o!r d5om9ations4 ,! entire circuit situation z x works to-day 9 ! region "h "u inve/igation :atev] may be its value else:]e t5ds to make ! mod]n program ( successful *ur*es entirely impracticable4 ,escape f ! dead5+ environm5t ( ! c\ntry *ur* circuit is ! ard5t desire ( mo/ c\ntry m9i/]s :o h _h any reasonable degree ( equipm5t = _! vocation1 & self-improvem5t z a prea*] seems to be ! only way out4 ,! circuit m9i/] ( su* equipm5t naturally reg>ds 8 pres5t "w z tempor>y4 ,he looks =w>d to leav+ ! c\ntry ?r\gh promotion to a t[n *ur*4 ,! city1 :]e he hopes to be1 & n ! c\ntry1 :]e he is1 becomes = him ! only field = success 9 ! m9i/ry4 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t c\ntry p>i%es to be successful mu/ be m compact4 ,z a sub/itute = ! circuit1 *ur*es 9 a small community :]e !re are too _m %\ld be unit$ 9 ! support ( "o resid5t m9i/]4 ,if !y _c support him1 !n o!r adjac5t *ur*es %\ld jo9 ) !m 9 a f$]at$ circuit "u a s+le pa/or4 ,su* is ! "r use ( ! circuit 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! t]ritory ?us plac$ "u "o m9i/] may be s l>ge z to make x desirable to employ a paid assi/ant to ! pa/or4 ,fre$ f ! necessity ( long drives to o!r communities1 ! pa/or c make _m calls ne>] home4 ,community ent]prises1 "u ?is sy/em made possible1 w br+ ! pa/or into p]sonal t\* ) ! p4 ,he w become _! fri5d & !y w wi% him a long t]m ( s]vice among !m4 ,& only :5 a m9i/] has be5 two or ?ree ye>s 9 a community c he beg9 to r5d] 8 mo/ effective s]vice4 ,! enl>g$ & unifi$ p>i%1 su* z t ( ,b5zonia1 ,mi*igan1 or ,hanov]1 ,new ,j]sey1 %\ld be c>efully di/+ui%$ f ! misus$ circuit1 :i* n[ plays s significant a "p 9 ! *ur* life ( ,ohio4 ,p>i%es l ^! af=d all ! b5efits ( ! circuit ) none ( its defects4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map #aa ,,%[+ ,,t ,,9 #cag ,,or #bg ,,p] ,,c5t ,,( ,,! ,,/rictly ,,rural ,,t[n%ips ,,no ,,*ur* ,,has ,a ,,resid5t ,,m9i/] 7#f7 ,m ,resid5t ,m9i/]s ,:ile ! prea*+ ( a good pa/or is an indisp5sable factor 9 ! individual developm5t ( 8 p>i%ion]s & 9 ! progress ( community life1 t ( ! non-resid5t is by comp>ison ( little value4 ,x is %oot+ 9 ! air )\t see+ ! t>get1 l ! fire ( artill]y )\t ! aid ( air sc\ts4 ,!re is no great] =ce = righte\sness 9 a c\ntry community ?an a *ur* ) a resid5t m9i/]1 well educat$1 well equipp$1 wisely select$1 ^: t]m ( s]vice is n too %ort4 ,! *ur* is ! only in/itution :i* c hope to employ a man ( ?is type to give 8 :ole "t1 z a m9i/] c1 to ! s]vice ( 8 community4 ,! "r k9d ( resid5t m9i/] w h a /rong & intellig5t desire to secure opportunities = ! be/ developm5t ( 8 *ildr5 & to create a favorable environm5t = !m4 ,he w !re=e take a ke5 int]e/ 9 ! s*ools1 9 ! e/abli%+ ( libr>ies1 9 play & social life1 9 keep+ out evil influ5ces & promot+ g5]al dec5cy4 ,he may fairly expect to see ! fruits ( 8 labor1 & w be all ! m likely on t acc\nt to become int]e/$ 9 ! economic bett]m5t ( ! community4 ,su* a man w /imulate x & help x to make use ( all available means to fur!r ! g5]al welf>e4 ,a *ur* ) su* a pa/or is community insurance aga9/ deg5]acy & decay4 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ examples ( ! s]vice ( a resid5t m9i/] dur+ a long pa/orate is f\nd 9 ! life ( ! well-kn[n ,john ,fr$]ick ,ob]l91 a free biography ( :om has rec5tly be5 made available to all c\ntry m9i/]s4 ,l>ge numb]s ( mod]n examples may also readily be f\nd4 ,"o is giv5 on pages #gg-hj ( ?is report4 ,!re are few m deplorable wa/es ?an t ( ! *ur* 9 ! use ( its rural m9i/ry4 ,?is wa/e alone is en\gh to acc\nt = mu* ( ! decl9e 9 c\ntry life1 because "u ! pres5t sy/em only a small fraction ( ! normal influ5ce ( ! m9i/ry c be ex]t$4 ,& x is a ne$less wa/e1 = x is fully )9 ! p[] ( ! *ur*es ?r\gh _! (ficials to correct x4 ,! m9i/] mu/ be giv5 a field ( su* a "* t x is possible = him to d 8 "w1 & he mu/ be giv5 t adequate support :i* prop] *ur* adm9i/ration c mo/ assur$ly secure = him4 ,only :5 ^! readju/m5ts h be5 made w x be fair & "r to appeal to ! "y m5 ( education & ability to ent] ! rural m9i/ry1 & /ay 9 x4 ,! ?+ c be done4 ,we h 9 m9d a rural t[n%ip ) less ?an #b1jjj inhabitants1 ly+ 9 a hill c\ntry1 :i* has six resid5t m9i/]s 9 its five villages1 :ile ! t]m ( s]vice ( ! m9i/] ( ea* ( ! p>i%es is ne>ly always long4 ,to e/abli% at lea/ "o resid5t m9i/] 9 e t[n%ip is n too high an aim4 ,! p c & %\ld be br\ght to und]/& t ! value ( a successful m9i/] rises 9 increas+ proportion ) 8 k ( ! community & ! l5g? ( 8 s]vice4 7#g7 ,int]*ur* ,coop]ation ,to sub/itute coop]ation = competition is an ess5tial condition ( rural *ur* progress1 at lea/ 9 ,ohio4 ,:5ev] ! new program is adopt$ by a community x w discov] t int]*ur* competition is ho/ile to community prosp]ity4 ,_m rural communities already "k t int]*ur* coop]ation is desirable4 ,b ! great "q is h[ to secure x4 ,ne>ly e community is aw>e t x has too _m *ur*es1 b ! task ( r$uc+ ! numb] or secur+ int]*ur* comity is a problem beset ) difficulties4 ,^! difficulties1 h[ev]1 are by no means insup]able4 ,_m communities h already f\nd ways to ov]come !m4 ,9 e community :i* really requires m ?an "o *ur* or pa/or1 !re %\ld be a f$]ation ( *ur*es2 t is1 a jo9t committee ( pa/ors & delegates (ficially appo9t$ by ! sev]al *ur*es to le>n & meet ! ne$s1 religi\s1 or social1 :i* require conc]t$ action4 ,:ile su* f$]ations1 :i* are c>efully to be di/+ui%$ f f$]at$ *ur*es1 are common 9 our cities1 comp>atively few are f\nd 9 ! c\ntry4 ,"o ( ^! is 9 ,%iloh1 ,ohio1 a description ( :i* may be f\nd on page #ge4 ,!re appe> to be no v great difficulties 9 ! way ( br++ su* f$]ations ab\t4 ,9 communities ^: compactness p]mits1 & ^: population & res\rces require1 t !re %\ld be only "o congregation & pa/or1 b :]e two or m *ur*es already exi/1 ! *ur*es cle>ly %\ld ei!r be unit$ organically 9 a s+le d5om9ational *ur*1 or a f$]at$ *ur* %\ld be =m$4 ,descriptions ( f$]at$ *ur*es may be f\nd on pages #ei-fi4 ,9 a t[n%ip or community :]e population & res\rces are inadequate to support m ?an "o pa/or1 b :]e ! population is s di/ribut$ t m ?an "o place ( wor%ip & organiz$ *ur* are requir$1 a f$]at$ circuit may well be =m$ & a common pa/or be employ$4 ,9 su* case ! sev]al *ur*es %\ld be (ficially repres5t$ by a jo9t committee :i* w\ld act = ! circuit n only 9 employ+ ! common pa/or1 b also 9 le>n+ & meet+ all ! religi\s & social ne$s :i* require conc]t$ *ur* action4 ,9 secur+ pa/ors & 9 o!r matt]s :]e assi/ance is ne$$1 ! local f$]at$ *ur*es & f$]at$ circuits %\ld be aid$ by ! ,/ate ,f$]ation ( ,*ur*es if !re is "o1 & if n by su* bodies z ! ,committee ( ,int]*ur* ,coop]ation ( ! ,ohio ,rural ,life ,association4 ,bo? ,f$]ation & ,association are necess>y = o!r purposes1 & !re=e no gr\nd :atev] exi/s = ! objection sometimes made t f$]at$ *ur*es w require ! =mation ( new organizations to sup]vise !m4 ,:ile x is true t an un$ucat$ m9i/] ord9>ily _c satisfy ! p ( v>i\s d5om9ations1 & t usually he is sect>ian 9 8 ?9k+ & po9t ( view1 x is equally true t :]e a well-educat$ man is pa/or1 ! ne$s ( ! p ( v>i\s d5om9ations c easily be met & *ur* unity be made possible4 7#h7 ,community ,*ur*es ,! mo/ successful rural *ur* is ! community *ur*4 ,its memb]s "w *iefly n = ! *ur* itself1 b = ! community4 ,its ambition is to s]ve e p]son 9 its neighborhood1 to create an environm5t favorable to ! highe/ possible developm5t ( e p]son 9 ! neighborhood1 & to /imulate o!r organizations & p]sons to s]ve ! community 9 e possible way4 ,x is conceivable t !re might be m ?an "o su* *ur* 9 a neighborhood1 b 9 ?is discussion x is assum$ t a community *ur* is ! only *ur* 9 ! community1 = by f> ! l>g] numb] ( rural communities 9 ,ohio %\ld h b "o *ur*4 ,s9ce1 on an av]age1 !re are five *ur*es 9 a t[n%ip & only #a1ddh p]sons1 ! =mation ( community *ur*es is evid5tly bo? advisable & important4 ,! community *ur* may be a d5om9ational *ur* or a f$]at$ *ur*4 ,x is ! judgm5t ( mo/ ( ! d5om9ational (ficials :o are memb]s ( ! ,committee ( ,int]*ur* ,coop]ation ( ! ,ohio ,rural ,life ,association t :]ev] possible *ur*es %\ld be unit$ 9 "o d5om9ational *ur* ?r\gh ! reciprocal ex*ange & elim9ation ( small *ur*es by ! d5om9ational organizations4 ,9 su* an ex*ange *ur* memb]s ( d5om9ation ,a w\ld unite ) ! *ur* ( d5om9ation ,b 9 community ,m1 :ile memb]s ( d5om9ation ,b w\ld unite ) ! *ur* ( d5om9ation ,a 9 community ,n1 & s on4 ,a numb] ( su* ex*anges h be5 made1 & s f> z c be le>n$1 !y h work$ well4 ,b ! memb]s ( ! small *ur*es frequ5tly refuse to c>ry out ?is plan4 ,!y (t5 c>e m = _! local *ur* ?an = _! d5om9ation1 & are n will+ t _! own *ur* organization %\ld be de/roy$4 ,:ile su* ex*anges w d\btless cont9ue to be made f "t to "t1 x is unlikely t rapid progress w be a*iev$ by ?is me?od alone4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! memb]s ( a local community are usually ready to =m a f$]at$ *ur* :5 !y und]/& x4 ,?is has be5 done 9 ,nor?field1 ,aurora1 ,wayl&1 ,olm/ead ,falls1 ,mil=d ,c5tre & ,hunt+ton1 9 ,gre5e ,t[n%ip1 ,trumbull ,c\nty1 & 9 _m o!r communities4 ,a description ( "s ( !m may be f\nd on pages #fj-fi4 ,if ! (ficials & sup]9t5d5ts ( ! *ur* %\ld become z favorable to ! =mation ( f$]at$ *ur*es z !y are to ex*ange betwe5 d5om9ations1 & %\ld actively fur!r ! movem5t1 !y c\ld )\t "q br+ ab\t ! unification ( ! *ur*es 9 v l>ge numb]s ( communities :i* /& greatly 9 ne$ ( x4 ,"h !n we h two possible me?ods ( unit+ ! ,*ri/ian p 9 ! rural communities4 ,"o ( !m--d5om9ational ex*ange--is favor$ by ! (ficials b (t5 oppos$ by ! p 9 ! *ur*es4 ,! o!r--! f$]at$ *ur*--is favor$ by ! p 9 ! *ur*es & oppos$ by _m ( ! (ficials4 ,x is our cont5tion t 9 ! majority ( cases ! me?od pref]r$ by ! p is m desirable ?an t pref]r$ by ! (ficials4 ,= a man to leave 8 own d5om9ation & unite ) ano!r (t5 involves action aga9/ ! consci5ce4 ,9 "s ( ! d5om9ations1 = example1 ! memb]s h be5 tra9$ to ?9k x undesirable to subscribe to a cre$4 ,b cre$ subscription is requir$ by ! *ur*es ( _m ( ! d5om9ations z a condition ( memb]%ip4 ,9 su* cases ! *ur* (ficials may prop]ly hesitate to urge a "p ( ! p to d :at !y believe is n "r4 ,ano!r reason :i* (t5 makes x impossible = ! *ur* memb] ( "o d5om9ation to unite ) ! *ur* ( ano!r is a temp]am5tal di/a/e = ! idea ( submission to "s special sy/em ( discipl9e4 ,to all ,prote/ants ?is is cle> s f> z ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is conc]n$4 ,to _m x is j z cle> 9 relation to "s ( ! ,prote/ant bodies4 ,! (ficial objections to ! =mation ( f$]at$ *ur*es involve no que/ions ( moral pr9ciple1 b m]ely ^? ( exp$i5cy & ! smoo? runn+ ( exi/+ ecclesia/ical ma*9]y4 ,x is held by c]ta9 (ficials t ! f$]at$ *ur* t5ds to promote autonomy 9 ! local congregations1 & t x w impair ! au?ority ( ! d5om9ation4 ,b ?is increase ( autonomy has already tak5 place 9 ! city *ur*es1 :i*1 z a matt] ( practice1 :atev] ! d5om9ational !ory may be1 manage _! own affairs4 ,!re is "h no loss to ! d5om9ation1 nor is !re likely to be :5 ! c\ntry *ur*es are /r5g!n$ by f$]ation4 ,9 ! long run ! (ficials :o n[ ent]ta9 objections to ! f$]at$ *ur* w d\btless n p]mit !m to /& 9 ! way ( rural *ur* progress4 ,p>ticul>ly w ?is be true :5 a m9i/] ( _! own d5om9ation is to be made pa/or ( ! f$]at$ *ur*4 ,x w\ld seem wise1 !re=e1 = ! d5om9ational au?orities to agree t :5 f$]at$ *ur*es are =m$ ! *oice ( pa/ors %\ld be made1 s f> z possible1 on ! basis ( int]d5om9ational reciprocity4 ,9 view ( ! urg5t ne$s ( ! rural communities1 z a rule1 ^? me?ods %\ld be adopt$ :i* are mo/ acceptable to ! local p ^: int]e/s are involv$4 ,:5 ! p ( a community come to desire unit$ ,*ri/ian action 9 promot+ community welf>e1 _! zeal w usually be /rong en\gh to ov]come ! difficulties 9 ! way4 ,b ?is desirable consummation is greatly ret>d$ :]e opposition is made by ! d5om9ation or its (ficials4 ,until ! *ur* (ficials & d5om9ations are able to propose "s o!r practicable plan = ! readju/m5t ( *ur* life to community welf>e1 a plan :i* c be c>ri$ out1 ! dem&s ( ! situation c]ta9ly require !m to help r ?an h9d] ! movem5t = ! =mation ( f$]at$ *ur*es4 ,9 any ev5t !y w n be able to /op x4 ,9 ! inve/igation /rik+ cases 7 f\nd ( d5om9ational (ficials oppos+ ,*ri/ian unity 9 ! mi/ak5 belief t !y 7 act+ 9 accord ) ! s5tim5t ( _! d5om9ations4 ,x has be5 report$ to u t a c]ta9 d5om9ational (ficial has tri$ 9 t5 diff]5t communities to prev5t int]*ur* coop]ation1 al?\gh ! local *ur*es & ! local p 7 = x4 ,x might 9 *>ity be cont5d$ t 9 n9e ( ^! x 0 n ,*ri/ian coop]ation itself t 0 oppos$1 b r ! =m ( coop]ation embodi$ 9 a f$]at$ *ur*4 ,b 9 ! t5? community x 0 cle>ly ,*ri/ian coop]ation & n ! =m ( x to :i* ?is (ficial 0 ho/ile1 = ! p ( ! two local *ur*es 7 m]ely meet+ toge!r1 9 union s]vices on ,sunday ev5+s1 & = an occasional communion s]vice4 ,no f$]ation or organic union 0 contemplat$4 ,b ! old m9i/] 0 remov$1 & a new m9i/] 0 s5t to ! field ) def9ite in/ructions to break up :at unity !re 04 ,^! in/ructions he c>ri$ out s ?or\ghly t ! ,*ri/ian =ces 9 ! community 7 greatly r$uc$ 9 effectiv5ess4 ,9 ano!r community an (ficial p]si/5tly tri$ to prev5t ! =mation ( a f$]at$ *ur*1 al?\gh himself ackn[l$g+ t he s9c]ely believ$ x 0 ! v be/ ?+ t c\ld be done = ! local p4 ,f two o!r communities x 0 report$ t ?is same (ficial 0 ! only ob/acle 9 ! way ( ,*ri/ian unity4 ,x is entirely probable t 9 _m o!r communities ^! d5om9ational (ficials h oppos$ ,*ri/ian coop]ation1 = only incid5tally did ! au?ors he> ( ! cases report$4 7#i7 ,nonsect>ian ,support ,to give /r5g? to ! movem5t = int]*ur* coop]ation1 a /rong int]d5om9ational or und5om9ational back+ is ne$$4 ,on ! "p ( ! high] lead]s & (ficials !re is no lack ( g5u9e desire to fur!r int]*ur* coop]ation4 ,! same desire is %>$ by v l>ge numb]s ( ! y\ng] m9i/]s :o are prop]ly tra9$ = _! call+1 & by _m old] m9i/]s also4 ,! movem5t1 h[ev]1 is (t5 halt$ because ( a feel+ t some:]e 9 ! d5om9ation !re is a /rong s5tim5t aga9/ x4 ,fa9!>t$ness is ! greate/ ob/acle to coop]ation betwe5 *ur*es at ! pres5t "t4 ,numb]s ( actual in/ances c\ld be giv5 if x 7 prop] to d s4 ,:at is ne$$1 !re=e1 is an active movem5t betwe5 or outside ( ! d5om9ations1 to /r5g!n ^? (ficials :o hesitate to promote int]*ur* coop]ation4 ,su* a movem5t w\ld f9ally reveal ! fact t ! prevail+ s5tim5t 9 ! d5om9ations is really 9 favor ( coop]ation & n aga9/ x1 & _m :o n[ oppose x or refuse to help w\ld become mo/ valuable ag5ts 9 promot+ x4 ,x mu/ n be assum$ t ! day ( d5om9ations is pa/4 ,al?\gh1 z betwe5 mo/ ( ! d5om9ations1 !ological diff]5ces no long] exi/1 & o!r diff]5ces betwe5 _m ( !m are small1 d5om9ational feel+ is /ill dom9ant4 ,! slight diff]5ces loom l>ge4 ,d5om9ational (ficials = ! mo/ "p feel t _! *ief duty is to _! d5om9ation1 f :i* !y hold _! (ficial p[]2 & ?is duty is v absorb+4 ,h5ce x is (t5 mo/ difficult to ga9 support f d5om9ational au?orities & *ur*es = int]d5om9ational projects4 ,moreov]1 ! direction ( int]d5om9ational organization1 at ! pres5t "t1 is l>gely 9 ! h&s ( m5 :o are responsible = d5om9ational int]e/s1 or ! int]e/s ( o!r organizations :i* require _! :olehe>t$ & undivid$ support4 ,:ile ! coop]ation & comb9$ judgm5t ( su* m5 is invaluable 9 ! wise direction ( int]d5om9ational projects1 9 ,ohio !y fail z a driv+ =ce4 ,?is is n[ ! *ief cause ( weakness 9 ! int]d5om9ational movem5t = *ur* & c\ntry life 9 ! ,/ate4 ,bo? ! "w = ! c\ntry *ur* & = ! promot+ ( rural bus9ess are r5d]$ ineffective by lack ( pecuni>y support4 ,9 spite ( ?is1 h[ev]1 plans = progressive "w bo? = rural bus9ess & rural *ur* are well develop$1 & h be5 te/$2 & moreov]1 ! feasibility ( progress 9 bo? ^! l9es ( endeavor has be5 ?or\ghly prov$4 ,two ?+s1 !n1 are n[ requir$4 ,^! are funds & f$]at$ or indep5d5t direction ( _! use4 ,we may well expect t adequate funds w be giv5 = c>ry+ on ?is "w 9 ! ye>s imm$iately foll[+ ! w>4 ,aft] ! sacrifices ( w> ^? ( peace by comp>ison w n seem l>ge--:ile ! sacrifices ( bo? peace & w> are equally necess>y = ! realization ( ! high ideals :i* z ,am]icans we *]i%4 ,?is w> z no?+ else has done1 has caus$ m5 9 g5]al to realize t !re are tasks = all o!r ?an ! comm]cial ent]prises ( ! day1 & t ea* ( u mu/ accept 8 %>e ( ! responsibility = _! p]=mance4 ,:at is wor? fight+ = dur+ ! w> is wor? work+ = aft] ! w>4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,f$]at$ ,,*ur*es ,!re are _m rural communities 9 ,ohio :]e ! *ur*es ex]t a vital influ5ce 9 community life1 & :]e f>m life succe$s 9 hold+ families ( moral1 intellectual1 & physical vigor4 ,9 "s in/ances ! communities & _! *ur*es h n be5 s]i\sly affect$ by ! mod]n conditions & t5d5cies :i* else:]e are act+ unfavorably ^u ! c\ntry *ur* & c\ntry life4 ,9 o!r in/ances1 intellig5t lead]%ip on ! "p ( ! m9i/]s has ov]come ^! conditions4 ,_m ( ^! m9i/]s highly appreciate ! help !y h receiv$ f ! mod]n c\ntry *ur* movem5t1 :ile n a few h te/ifi$ t )\t x !y w\ld h fail$4 ,9 a v l>ge "p ( rural ,ohio ! ne$ ( int]*ur* coop]ation is ke5ly realiz$4 ,9 ! divid$ communities ! p1 = ! mo/ "p1 want to get toge!r1 b !y d n "k h[4 ,b 9 _m communities practical me?ods h be5 f\nd & te/$1 & by ^! me?ods ,*ri/ian coop]ation has be5 br\ght to pass & ! rural *ur* conditions h be5 greatly improv$4 ,= t reason descriptions ( actual successful cases ( int]*ur* coop]ation are "h suppli$4 ,^! examples are int5d$ to include f$]at$ *ur*es1 *ur* f$]ations1 & d5om9ational union *ur*es1 z well z c]ta9 /rik+ cases ( ! "w ( ! *ur* 9 community s]vice4 ,! unit+ ( ,*ri/ian =ces w n by itself alone insure rural *ur* progress4 ,! new c\ntry *ur* program mu/ be add$4 ,9 its abs5ce1 a real advance appe>s to be impossible4 ,gre5e ,t[n%ip ,gre5e ,t[n%ip1 ,trumbull ,c\nty1 is situat$ 9 nor!a/]n ,ohio1 9 ! ,we/]n ,res]ve4 ,9 #aijj x _h a population ( ab\t #hjj p]sons1 9 #aiaj ab\t #ajj less4 ,"s ( its resid5ts are desc5d$ f ! e>ly settl]s f ,new ,engl&1 o!rs h rec5tly mov$ 9 f we/]n sections ( ,ohio1 :ile possibly #aj p] c5t are ( =eign bir?4 ,t its p h be5 some:at progressive is indicat$ by ! fact t x 0 among ! fir/ ?ree t[n%ips 9 ! ,/ate to e/abli% a c5traliz$ s*ool4 ,gre5e is n a ri* t[n%ip4 ,x has no railroad4 ,ab\t #dj ( its h\ses are n[ vacant4 ,fields :i* =m]ly 7 produc+ good crops ( :eat1 corn1 & oats are n[ gr[+ up to bru%4 ,! "y m5 betwe5 #be & #cj ye>s ( age :o 7 go+ into f>m+ be=e ! w> c be c\nt$ on ! f+]s ( "o h&4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t a new era 9 agriculture has begun4 ,q rec5tly dra9age1 & 9 "s cases ! application ( lime1 h reclaim$ mu* wa/e l&4 ,/ill o!r l& w be treat$ 9 ! same way & ) equally good results4 ,d\btless1 z else:]e1 progressive c\ntry *ur* "w w greatly assi/ a g5]al movem5t 9 ! t[n%ip to secure abundant prosp]ity4 ,9 ! geographical c5t] ( ! t[n%ip are two *ur*es1 ,me?odi/ ,episcopal & ,disciples ( ,*ri/4 ,^! two are ab\t equal 9 /r5g?1 :ile 9 ! nor?we/]n "p is a ,bapti/ *ur* ) b ?ree or f\r families 9 its memb]%ip4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 supports a ,sunday s*ool ( #cj or #dj att5dants4 ,=m]ly1 ?ree resid5t m9i/]s liv$ 9 ! community1 b = twelve ye>s !re _h be5 none4 ,! ,bapti/ ,*ur* holds only occasional prea*+ s]vices1 ! ,disciples h dep5d$ = _! prea*+ ^u /ud5t supplies f a neighbor+ !ological s*ool1 :ile ! m9i/]s ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur* h liv$ outside ! t[n%ip at ,nor? ,bloomfield1 five miles away1 :]e !re are ,me?odi/ ,episcopal1 ,disciples1 & ,congregational *ur*es4 ,! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur* at ,gre5e1 !re=e1 0 "p ( a circuit ( two *ur*es4 ,z is usually ! case among f>m+ p ( ,ohio :]e !re are no resid5t m9i/]s ! p ( ,gre5e ,t[n%ip receiv$ v few pa/oral calls4 ,sev]al families 9 ! s\!a/]n section ( ! t[n%ip h _h little or no association ) any m9i/]s or *ur*es4 ,mr4 ,gill rec5tly visit$ ! t[n%ip on a pleasant ,sunday1 & le>n$ t less ?an #cj ( its #gjj p t day w5t to *ur*4 ,z an indication t ! *ur*es ( ,gre5e ,t[n%ip h be5 los+ _! hold on ! p1 x may be not$ t an increas+ numb] ( families d n ask cl]gym5 to (ficiate at fun]als4 ,! und]tak] sometimes conducts a %ort s]vice at ! grave1 or 8 wife reads a pray] & passage ( scripture4 ,9 view ( immemorial cu/om1 ! abs5ce ( a cl]gyman on su* occasions is significant4 ,! total am\nt ( money contribut$ annually to ! support ( ! m9i/ry 9 ,gre5e ,t[n%ip has be5 n m ?an #fjj4 ,( ?is ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur* paid its m9i/] #cjj4 ,! ,nor? ,bloomfield ,*ur* 9 an adjac5t t[n%ip paid him #ejj1 s t ! total sal>y ( ! ,me?odi/ m9i/] :o gave "p ( 8 "t to ,gre5e ,t[n%ip 0 #hjj4 ,obvi\sly ?is is n en\gh to support a family & enable ! m9i/] to keep a motor c> or a horse4 ,a l>ge "p ( 8 "t & en]gy1 !re=e1 0 sp5t 9 walk+ f p>i% to p>i% & f h\se to h\se ?r\gh an area ( #ej squ>e miles4 ,9 ,janu>y ( #aiag a jo9t committee 0 appo9t$ by ! *ur*es ( ,gre5e ,t[n%ip to consid] ! que/ions ( secur+ a resid5t pa/or1 increas+ ! size ( ! ,sunday s*ool & congregation1 & r5d]+ all o!r =ms ( s]vice ne$$ 9 ! community4 ,x 0 decid$ by ?is committee t a f$]at$ *ur* %\ld be =m$ 9 :i* ea* con/itu5t ecclesia/ical body w\ld pres]ve its own id5tity4 ,ea* *ur* w\ld indep5d5tly meet its obligations to its own d5om9ation 9 all matt]s outside ( ! community1 :ile all ! memb]s ( ! *ur*es w\ld unite 9 local activities1 includ+ ! support ( a resid5t m9i/]4 ,a c\ntry life in/itute 0 held to /imulate ! desire = community improvem5t1 & ! plan ( *ur* bett]m5t 0 set =? & adopt$4 ,to secure support = a m9i/]1 a ?or\gh canvass 0 made by a committee ( six repres5t+ ! ?ree *ur*es4 ,z a result ( its "w no less ?an #a1ejj 0 subscrib$4 ,our results1 wrote ! *airman ( ?is committee1 h surpass$ our brighte/ hopes4 ,x is a g5u9e pleasure to "w = some?+ t is go+ to help ! :ole community & n j a "p4 ,i believe ! int]e/s ( ! ,k+dom w be advanc$ mo/ :]e ef=t is unit$ 9 rural communities4 ,9 our canvass = funds we 7 surpris$ to f9d t ! non-*ur* p 7 n will+ t ! *ur*es %\ld close _! doors4 ,9 addition we f\nd !y _h a deep] int]e/ 9 ! *ur* ?an we c\ld possibly expect4 ,"o old man1 probably sixty-five1 said t ?is 0 ! fir/ "t he _h ev] be5 ask$ to give to ! support ( a *ur*4 ,he add$ t he (t5 felt he w\ld l to give4 ,_m a man said he w\ld d\ble ! am\nt ( 8 gift if x 0 necess>y4 ,a well-educat$ m9i/] :o has r5d]$ n9e successive ye>s ( effective s]vice 9 "o community has be5 secur$ z pa/or1 & !re is n[ a mo/ enc\rag+ prospect ( improvem5t 9 religi\s1 moral1 social1 & economic life4 ,! increas$ giv+ 9 ,gre5e ,t[n%ip has also influ5c$ ! memb]s ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur* 9 ,nor? ,bloomfield4 ,!y h pl$g$ #hjj1 in/ead ( ! =m] #ejj1 = ! support ( _! m9i/]1 & expect to raise #a1jjj4 ,bloomfield ,t[n%ip also h]eaft] w h ! undivid$ s]vice ( a m9i/]4 ,z a result ( ?is movem5t 9 ,gre5e ,t[n%ip1 !re=e1 f\r ( ! *ur*es ( ^! two t[n%ips w h]eaft] pay f #b1cjj to #b1ejj = ! support ( ! m9i/ry in/ead ( #a1ajj z hi!rto1 :ile two communities w ea* h ! full "t s]vice ( a resid5t pa/or4 ,! significance ( ?is increase 9 ! money support ( ! *ur* w be app>5t to ^? :o h /udi$ mod]n rural *ur* problems4 ,! failure ( ! rural *ur*es to give a liv+ wage1 mu* less a work+ sal>y1 to _! m9i/]s has be5 "o ( ! mo/ disc\rag+ facts 9 ! rural *ur* situation4 ,if ! ?ree *ur*es ( ,nor? ,bloomfield %\ld f$]ate z ^? ( ,gre5e ,t[n%ip h done1 d\btless _! p c\ld raise #a1ejj = ! support ( ! m9i/ry4 ,aga91 if all ! *ur*es ( bo? ,nor? ,bloomfield & ,gre5e %\ld f$]ate x w\ld be possible to employ a s+le pa/or ( ev5 high] grade ) an assi/ant4 ,an automobile c\ld be us$ effectively to cov] bo? t[n%ips4 ,9 "s cases1 z 9 ,b5zonia1 ,mi*igan1 "o m9i/] ) "o or m assi/ants has be5 able to get bett] results at less exp5se4 ,! plan is wor? try+4 ,aurora ,9 ! ye> #aiac 9 ! village ( ,aurora1 ,portage ,c\nty1 !re 7 two *ur*es1 ! ,congregational & ,disciples ( ,*ri/4 ,!y 7 small 9 att5dance & memb]%ip1 & x 0 h>d to get adequate support = ! m9i/]s4 ,! usual results ( und]pay+ ! m9i/ry 7 n want+4 ,z a prelim9>y /ep 9 ! improvem5t ( ?is situation an organization ( ! m5 ( ! *ur*es 0 =m$ to promote ! g5]al community welf>e4 ,z 9 s _m o!r cases1 to br+ ! *ur*es toge!r 9 coop]ative s]vice to ! community 0 se5 to be ! only way to secure a vigor\s *ur* life = ,aurora4 ,t l$ to ! decision to =m a f$]at$ *ur* "u ! lead]%ip ( "o pa/or4 ,"u ! plan adopt$1 ea* *ur* 0 to keep its d5om9ational relations1 contribute to its d5om9ational b5evol5ces1 & fulfill all d5om9ational obligations4 ,b 9 ,aurora1 z 9 ,gre5e ,t[n%ip1 ! p 7 to "w toge!r z 9 "o *ur*4 ,ow+ to circum/ances :i* 7 purely accid5tal1 = ! fir/ ye> or two ! *ur* 0 n v prosp]\s & ! f$]ation 0 only p>tially successful4 ,b aft] a:ile ! *ur* began to take on life4 ,:ile at ! beg9n+ x 0 mutually und]/ood t ! arrangem5t 0 to be tri$ = b two ye>s1 at ! end ( t "t ! desirability ( go+ back to ! old way 0 n ev5 discuss$4 ,s f> z ,mr4 ,gill c\ld le>n 9 a visit to ! community1 ! "o & only "o p]son :o /ill pref]r$ ! old way 0 a woman :o _h oppos$ ! movem5t f ! />t & _h always held alo( f x4 ,! op9ion ( ! p is n[ practically unanim\s t bo? ! community & ! *ur*es 7 greatly b5efit$ by ! *ange4 ,! fir/ pa/or ( ?is *ur* 0 ( ! ,disciples1 ! second a ,presbyt]ian4 ,g>rettsville ,g>rettsville is a prosp]\s community on ! ,erie ,railroad betwe5 ,y\ng/[n & ,clevel&4 ,its ?\s& inhabitants are engag$ p>tly 9 f>m+1 p>tly 9 manufactur+1 & p>tly 9 supply+ ! v>i\s daily ne$s ( ! p4 ,its good h\ses1 electric lights1 pav$ /reets1 & trim sidewalks indicate progressiv5ess & community _s4 ,be+ progressive1 ! p n m]ely recogniz$ ! undesirability ( int]*ur* competition1 b !y 7 able to "w out a plan :]eby !y h l>gely avoid$ x4 ,9 ,april1 #aiaf1 !re 7 f\r *ur*es 9 ! community1 or on an av]age "o to #bej p]sons4 ,! highe/ sal>y paid to its m9i/] by any ( ! *ur*es 0 #hjj4 ,two ( ! o!r *ur*es paid mu* small] sums & %>$ ! s]vice ( _! m9i/]s ) ! *ur*es ( o!r t[ns1 :ile "o ( ! pa/ors 0 ! ,educational ,secret>y ( a ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 9 a t[n ?irty miles away4 ,! _s ( d5om9ational rivalry 0 9 no respect diff]5t f t commonly f\nd :]e !re are too _m *ur*es4 ,:5 ! pa/or ( ! ,congregational ,*ur* attempt$ to organize a bran* ( ! ,boy ,sc\ts ( ,am]ica = all ! boys 9 ! community1 he f\nd t ! memb]s ( ! o!r *ur*es fe>$ he 0 attempt+ to w9 ! boys ov] to 8 *ur*4 ,= ?is reason he ?\ght x be/ to give up ! ent]prise4 ,9 #aiad1 an unsuccessful attempt 0 made to unite ! ,congregational ,*ur* & ! ,disciples1 & ano!r to unite ! ,bapti/ & ,congregational *ur*es4 ,9 #aiaf1 h[ev]1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! c\ntry *ur* movem5t 9 ,ohio1 a successful ef=t 0 made to unite all ?ree ( !m4 ,9 ! spr+ ( t ye> ^! ?ree *ur*es 7 all )\t pa/ors4 ,!y decid$ to hold union s]vices & a ,union ,sunday s*ool dur+ ! summ]4 ,^u trial ! advantages ( ?is arrangem5t became manife/4 ,n only 0 ! *ur* att5dance l>g] ?an ! aggregate att5dance 9 ! sep>ate *ur*es _h ev] be51 b ! ,sunday s*ool1 =m]ly ) sep>ate att5dances ( #fe1 #bj1 & #ab1 n[ _h an att5dance ( #acj4 ,besides ! add$ en?usiasm ( great] numb]s1 x _h bett] tea*]s1 bett] music1 & a bett] ,*ri/ian _s4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #aiaf1 x 0 decid$ by sep>ate vote ( ea* *ur* to =m a p]man5t organization1 :i* 0 incorporat$ ) ! "n ( ,! ,unit$ ,*ur*1 & includ$ all :o 7 memb]s ( any ( ! ?ree *ur*es4 ,no memb] 0 ask$ to alt] any ( 8 beliefs1 & any c&idate = admission might *oose 8 own mode ( be+ receiv$1 provid$ x 0 "o us$ 9 "s ,evangelical *ur*4 ,contributions = mission>y "w 7 s5t to d5om9ational bodies indicat$ by ! giv]s or det]m9$ by a jo9t committee4 ,= all local "w ! memb]s 7 to act z "o body4 ,a committee ( ! ,unit$ ,*ur* *ose z pa/or a "y man ( rural exp]i5ce1 a graduate ( an ea/]n univ]sity & sem9>y1 ^: d5om9ational affiliation 0 reg>d$ z ( s little importance t x 0 n ev5 ann\nc$4 ,! ,unit$ ,*ur* ( ,g>rettsville1 aft] two ye>s ( exp]i5ce1 af=ds religi\s opportunities & r5d]s s]vice to ! p f> beyond any?+ ! t[n c\ld supply be=e ! f$]ation 0 made4 ,:ile ! ?ree orig9al *ur*es rema9 intact1 ! ma9 "p ( ! bus9ess ( ! *ur* is done by ! committee ( ! ,unit$ ,*ur*4 ,! (ficials ( ! d5om9ations ( ! ?ree *ur*es int]e/$ he>tily enc\rage ! project4 ,! unit$ =ce ( *ur* work]s f ?ree d5om9ations has made a v effici5t *ur*4 ,! ,unit$ ,*ur* is ! result ( a desire ( ! p to be z closely jo9$ 9 _! new *ur* z !y 7 9 _! diff]5t d5om9ational *ur*es4 ,its motto is ,9 ess5tials1 unity1 9 non-ess5tials1 lib]ty1 9 div]sities1 *>ity1 9 all ?+s1 ,*ri/ fir/4 ,x accepts ! ,scriptures z its suffici5t rule ( fai? & practice1 int]pret$ 9 ! light ( fundam5tal agreem5ts 9 evangelical tea*+1 & 9 ! _s ( its motto4 ,=ms ( ritual = ! sacram5t1 = ! public s]vices1 & = admission into ! *ur* are left to ! decision ( ! m9i/]1 & are n provid$ = 9 ! regulations4 ,x 0 desir$ to keep ! =ms ( sect>ianism too feeble to be able to keep ! p ap>t4 ,p]sons may jo9 ! ,unit$ ,*ur* )\t jo9+ any ( ! ?ree d5om9ations repres5t$ by ! orig9al con/itu5t bodies4 ,! ,sunday s*ool is well organiz$1 & is te/+ its "w by ! highe/ /&>d ( ,*ri/ian education4 ,its relation to ! *ur* is v close4 ,! "y p h a ,*ri/ian ,endeavor ,society4 ,! wom5's "w is c>ri$ on by a mo/ fl\ri%+ society "u ! "n ( ,! ,community ,circle1 ^: =m ( organization provides = tak+ c>e ( bo? local & mission>y ne$s4 ,at ! fir/ meet+ ( ea* mon?1 half ( ! "t is giv5 to local opportunities = s]vice4 ,! g5]al social life ( ! *ur* is l>gely c>$ = by ?is society4 ,! ,unit$ ,*ur* has leas$ all ! prop]ty ( ! old *ur*es = a t]m ( ye>s & c>es = ! *ur* build+s4 ,x has decid$ to build a new community h\se = promot+ ! social life ( ! community & g5]al community int]e/s1 b has po/pon$ x until aft] ! w>4 ,9 ! ,articles ( ,incorporation "o ( ! objects is reg>d$ z ! support ( su* ent]prises z t5d to ! m p]fect developm5t ( ! *ildr5 & "y p spiritually1 physically1 morally1 & socially4 ,repres5tatives ( ! old *ur*es usually g to ! meet+s ( _! respective d5om9ations1 & are accompani$ by su* memb]s ( ! ,unit$ ,*ur* z may wi% to att5d z visitors4 ,reports ( ! meet+s are made at meet+s ( ! ,unit$ ,*ur*4 ,! pa/or ( ! ,unit$ ,*ur* is also pa/or ( ea* ( ! ?ree d5om9ational *ur*es & s f> z possible att5ds ! di/rict meet+s ( ! d5om9ational bodies 9 a repres5tative capacity & c>es = ! local d5om9ational int]e/s4 ,public s]vices & meet+s are held 9 ! ,congregational ,*ur* build+ because x is ! l>ge/ & be/ equipp$4 ,a bapti/ry is n[ be+ in/all$1 & v>i\s uses are be+ f\nd = ! o!r build+s4 ,x w be not$ t ! ,unit$ ,*ur* ( ,g>rettsville diff]s 9 "s respects f ! ord9>y f$]at$ *ur*4 ,nor?field ,9 ,nor?field1 ,summit ,c\nty1 ! ,presbyt]ian & ,me?odi/ ,episcopal *ur*es unit$ by v]bal agreem5t 9 a f$]at$ *ur* on ,decemb] #a1 #aiad4 ,writt5 articles 7 adopt$ sev]al mon?s lat]4 ,! pa/or ( ! f$]at$ *ur*1 ,rev4 ,j4 ,m4 ,keck1 has k9dly giv5 u ! foll[+ brief acc\nt3 ,! cons5t ( ! high] (ficials ( ea* d5om9ation 0 fir/ secur$4 ,!n ! memb]s ( ! local *ur*es agre$ to ! foll[+ plan3 ,! ,presbyt]ians rema9 9 ! ,clevel& ,presbyt]y & ! ,me?odi/s 9 ! ,nor!a/ ,ohio ,conf]5ce z be=e4 ,! legal organization ( ea* local *ur* cont9ues intact4 ,ea* set ( tru/ees has *>ge ( its prop]ty4 ,! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* be+ ! bett] locat$1 is us$ = wor%ip1 & ! ,me?odi/ = d9n]s1 etc4 ,:5 a build+ ne$s repairs1 funds are rais$ f ! entire congregation by volunt>y contributions4 ,! only additional organization is an ,executive ,committee1 half ,presbyt]ians & half ,me?odi/s1 :i* has *>ge ( curr5t exp5ses & all matt]s relat+ to ! congregation z a :ole4 ,an e-memb] canvass = ! local budget is made 9 :i* no acc\nt is tak5 ( *ur* relations1 no "o b ! treasur] kn[+ h[ mu* is contribut$ by ea* d5om9ation4 ,b5evol5t contributions are equally divid$ betwe5 ! d5om9ational bo>ds or appli$ to ! ,presbyt]ian or ,me?odi/ funds z indicat$ on envelopes4 ,p]sons desir+ to unite ) ! *ur* elect :e!r !y are to be ,presbyt]ians or ,me?odi/s & are receiv$ accord+ly4 ,no "o seems to c>e 9 :i* !y are enroll$1 s9ce !y "w 9 ! same congregation & contribute to ! same funds4 ,! ord] ( public wor%ip is a modification ( ea* ( ^? =m]ly 9 use b reta9s ! ess5tial features ( bo?4 ,s f> !re has n be5 ! slighte/ friction betwe5 ! d5om9ations4 ,no "o seems to ?9k ( ev] go+ back to ! old way4 ,,:at ,,! ,,presbyt]ians ,,ga9$ #a4 ,a *ur* 0 sav$ = ! d5om9ation :i* 9 "t w\ld probably h be5 =c$ to disb&4 #b4 ,sev]al hundr$ doll>s ( home mission>y money 0 sav$ annually :i* _h be5 exp5d$ 9 ,nor?field to keep ! *ur* op5 & alive4 ,"u ! f$]ation x is n ne$$4 #c4 ,(f]+s are made to ! v>i\s bo>ds & int]e/s ( ,presbyt]ianism4 ,,:at ,,! ,,me?odi/ ,,conf]5ce ,,ga9$ #a4 ,a *ur* 0 sav$ t d\btless w\ld h be5 clos$ 9 a few ye>s = want ( support4 #b4 ,! sal>y ( ! pa/or has be5 increas$ & also ! /ip5ds ( ! di/rict sup]9t5d5t1 ! bi%ops1 conf]5ces1 & claimants4 #c4 ,! contributions to all bo>ds & b5evol5ces h be5 increas$4 ,,:at ,,! ,,community ,,ga9$ #a4 ,f$]ation saves pay+ two pa/ors & keep+ two *ur* build+s :5 "o is suffici5t4 ,x makes ! public m will+ to aid4 #b4 ,! congregation be+ m ?an d\bl$1 !re is m en?usiasm & will+ness to "w4 #c4 ,x has sil5c$ ! criticism t ! *ur*es are compet+ in/ead ( coop]at+4 #d4 ,! economic & frat]nal features ( f$]ation appeal to ! public & br+ into l9e p :o did n patronize ei!r *ur* be=e4 ,f$]at$ ,*ur*es 9 ,o!r ,/ates ,m *ur*es h be5 f$]at$ 9 ,new ,engl& ?an 9 any o!r section ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,famili>ity ) ! success or failure ( ^! *ur*es is !re=e necess>y to a reasonably full discussion ( int]*ur* coop]ation4 ,accord+ly in=mation blanks 7 s5t to a numb] ( ^! f$]at$ *ur*es4 ,! inquiries 7 express$ z foll[s3 #a4 ,date ( ,f$]ation8 #b4 ,d5om9ations ( con/itu5t bodies8 #c4 ,memb]%ip ( ea* *ur* at ! "t ( f$]ation8 #d4 ,d5om9ation ( ! fir/ m9i/] & ( succe$+ m9i/]s8 #e4 ,d ! p l ! pres5t arrangem5t bett] ?an ! old8 #f4 ,d _m p want to g back to ! old way8 #g4 ,h *ur* b5evol5ces decl9$ or increas$8 #h4 ,h[ has ! pecuni>y support ( ! m9i/ry be5 affect$8 #i4 ,h[ h o!r exp5ditures ( ! *ur* be5 affect$8 #aj4 ,has att5dance decl9$ or increas$8 #aa4 ,has *ur* memb]%ip decl9$ or increas$8 #ab4 ,:at effect1 if any1 has ! =mation ( ! f$]at$ *ur* _h ^u ! social life ( ! community8 #ac4 ,k9dly express frankly y\r op9ion ( ! f$]at$ *ur* z a means ( secur+ ,*ri/ian unity & *ur* effici5cy4 ,fifte5 *ur*es repli$4 ,9 ^! fifte5 f$]at$ *ur*es 7 ?irte5 ,congregational *ur*es1 n9e ,me?odi/ ,episcopal1 sev5 ,bapti/1 & "o ,univ]sali/4 ,! ,univ]sali/ 0 f$]at$ ) a ,congregational *ur*1 two f$]at$ *ur*es 7 made up ( ,bapti/ & ,me?odi/1 five ( ,bapti/ & ,congregational1 sev5 ( ,me?odi/ ,episcopal & ,congregational4 ,! fir/ m9i/]s ( f\r ( ! f$]at$ *ur*es 7 ,bapti/s1 ( five1 ,me?odi/ ,episcopal1 & ( five1 ,congregational4 ,"o ( ! *ur*es _h _h an exp]i5ce ( sixte5 ye>s1 "o ( elev51 two ( eight1 two ( six1 two ( five1 two ( f\r1 two ( ?ree1 ?ree ( two1 mak+ ! av]age exp]i5ce ( ! fifte5 f$]at$ *ur*es m ?an five ye>s4 ,( ! fifte5 answ]s to "q #e1 ?irte5 said t ! p lik$ ! pres5t arrangem5t bett] ?an ! old1 :ile ! o!r two said !re 7 n _m p :o want$ to g back to ! old way4 ,9 reply to "q #g1 eight decl>$ t ! b5evol5ces _h increas$1 ?ree t !y _h rema9$ ! same1 "o said b5evol5ces v>i$ 9 diff]5t ye>s1 :ile 9 ?ree ! b5evol5ces _h decl9$4 ,9 "o ( ^! ! decl9e 0 v slight & !re 0 a prospect ( an increase 9 ! future4 ,9 ?irte5 ! support ( ! m9i/ry has be5 favorably affect$ by ! f$]ation4 ,f "o ! answ] is ambigu\s4 ,9 ! case ( ,truro1 ,massa*usetts1 :]e "o *ur* _h a memb]%ip ( ?ree & ! o!r ( eight1 at ! "t ( f$]ation1 ! answ] indicates a decrease 9 ! am\nt giv5 to ! sal>y4 ,! answ]s to "q #i indicate t ! runn+ exp5ditures ( ! *ur*es are (t5 less & t ! money is m easily rais$ to meet !m4 ,to "q #aj1 n9e ( ! answ]s d5ot$ an increas$ att5dance1 five no noticeable *ange4 ,no *ur* report$ a decrease4 ,9 "o case ! answ] 0 obscure4 ,! answ]s to "q #aa report t eight h increas$ 9 memb]%ip1 five h rema9$ /ation>y1 "o reports normal additions1 & "o a slight decrease4 ,9 answ] to "q #ab1 twelve *ur*es report$ a favorable effect ^u ! social life ( ! community1 two rec5tly =m$ report$ t !re 0 no m>k$ effect yet1 :ile "o gave no answ]4 ,all b "o ( ! correspond5ts *]i% a /rong op9ion t ! f$]at$ *ur* is ! be/ arrangem5t :5 a community is ov]*ur*$ & ! *ur*es are small4 ,"o pa/or ( a f$]ation _h no?+ to say4 ,! foll[+ are ! replies to ! reque/ made at ! end ( ! que/ionnaire1 ,k9dly express frankly y\r op9ion ( ! f$]at$ *ur* z a means ( secur+ ,*ri/ian unity & *ur* effici5cy3 #a4 ,no?+ to say4 #b4 ,i d n see any reasons :y two or m *ur*es ( ,congregational =m ( gov]nm5t %\ld n f$]ate1 b x w\ld be difficult to f$]ate ) ,episcopal =m ( *ur* gov]nm5t4 #c4 ,! effici5cy "h has be5 great] s9ce ^! *ur*es f$]at$ ?an x 0 be=e4 ,no *ur* c\ld support a pa/or4 ,! ,bapti/ ,*ur* _h be5 pa/orless = ?ree & a half ye>s4 ,! ,congregational ,*ur* 0 suppli$ by /ud5ts f ,h>t=d ,!ological ,sem9>y4 ,n[ !y pay a fair sal>y & give free use ( p>sonage4 ,f$]ation is ! be/ solution ( ov]*ur*$ communities4 #d4 ,! f$]at$ *ur* %\ld be adopt$ 9 rural communities & 9 _m small cities4 ,i see no o!r way to br+ ! *ur* into its place z a social & religi\s p[]4 #e4 ,x is my op9ion t = a community t is l ?is "o a f$]at$ *ur* is a great means to secure ,*ri/ian unity & effici5cy4 ,at our la/ meet+ !re 7 b two :o 7 n en?usia/ic = its cont9uance4 ,our field "h w\ld be mu* bett] if !re 7 n ano!r *ur* 9 ! community outside ! f$]ation4 ,!re is /ill ! ,unit>ian ,*ur* outside ! f$]ation :i* necess>ily makes a divid$ lead]%ip 9 ! small community4 ,our f$]at$ *ur* has gr[n f two small *ur*es to ! position ( dom9ance 9 ! community4 ,our decrease 9 b5evol5ces is l>gely expla9able & excusable p]haps 9 t x occurr$ dur+ ! "t :5 !re 7 s _m o!r ?+s to take c>e (1 relative to ! f$]ation4 ,x w n happ5 aga91 b = a "p ( ! "t we 7 )\t a pa/or & dur+ ! re/ ( ! "t exce$+ly busy gett+ ?+s adju/$4 #f4 ,we are ?or\ghly satisfi$4 ,ea* *ur* 9 d5om9ational relation%ip 7! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal & ,congregational7 is z indep5d5t & well organiz$ z be=e f$]ation4 ,ea* *ur* is /rong] ?an be=e f$]ation4 ,we look =w>d to ! day :5 f$]ation w be ! rule 9 ov]*ur*$ communities = ! sake ( ! good ( *ur* & community r ?an f pecuni>y necessity4 ,?is op9ion 0 express$ aft] an exp]i5ce ( sixte5 ye>s ( ! f$]at$ *ur*4 #g4 ,hav+ be5 pa/or ( ! f$]at$ *ur* 9 ,som]set = ?ree ye>s ,i am glad to be able to say t ,i unqualifi$ly recomm5d f$]ation z a solution ( ! ov]*ur*$ problem 9 c\ntry & village4 ,:]ev] !re are g5u9e ,*ri/ian memb]s1 f$]ation w "w p]fectly4 #h4 ,x is a great help 9 small places4 #i4 ,our f$]ation has be5 a great success4 ,p]fect h>mony seems to reign4 #aj4 ,a /rong *ur* c d bett] "w alone1 b two or m weak *ur*es %\ld unite 9 ! support ( "o m9i/]4 ,a f$]at$ *ur* gives opportunity = d5om9ational loyalty & connections4 ,?is is important4 #aa4 ,?is is a small t[n1 only ab\t #dce population1 b x is a summ] resort & dur+ ! mon?s ( ,july & ,augu/ a great _m city p att5d *ur*4 ,i am pa/or ( ?is *ur* & ,nor? ,!t=d1 ano!r f$]at$ *ur* ab\t five miles s\?4 ,x is ab\t ! only way ^! *ur*es c\ld be run1 = bo? are small places4 #ab4 ,?is f$]at$ *ur* is 9 a fl\ri%+ condition4 ,dur+ ! pres5t pa/orate s9ce ,may1 #aiad1 #ca h be5 receiv$ into ! *ur*4 ,! build+ has be5 remodel$ at a co/ ( ab\t #c1ejj1 all paid b #cjj4jj4 #ac4 ,x is ! mo/ effici5t means ( secur+ ,*ri/ian unity & *ur* effici5cy ev] discov]$4 ,x is ! ideal way4 #ad4 ,i am conv9c$ ( ! s9c]ity ( ,*ri/ian unity & ( ! possibility ( *ur* effici5cy1 b x has n really approa*$ t reality any m ?an "s d5om9ational *ur*es h 9 rural c5t]s4 ,b x is a :olesome & g5]ally satisfactory plan ( religi\s s]vice 9 a community ( *ang+ p]sonnel4 ,9 ! community is q a l>ge ,ca?olic elem5t & also a v progressive & influ5tial ,univ]sali/ elem5t4 ,?is rema9s 9 our mid/ practically unassimilat$ z yet1 aft] a doz5 ye>s ) no s]vices 9 _! *ur*4 ,! *ildr5 are com+ into ! ,sunday s*ool pretty well & "t w ov]come "s ( ^! ob/acles4 #ae4 ,x is ! reasonable & only possible means 9 ?is & _m o!r communities 9 ,cape ,cod1 b x ne$s en]gy & aggressive ef=t to succe$4 ,9 ! face ( ! fact t a v l>ge proportion ( d5om9ational rural *ur*es are on ! decl9e1 ! exp]i5ce ( ^! fifte5 *ur*es con/itutes v /rong evid5ce t ! f$]at$ *ur* is a practical means ( secur+ ,*ri/ian unity & increas$ *ur* effici5cy 9 small ov]*ur*$ communities4 ,9 ord] to le>n :e!r or n x is true t only ! m successful *ur*es repli$ to ! que/ionnaire1 we h by o!r means secur$ in=mation 9 reg>d to c]ta9 *ur*es :i* did n reply4 ,"s ( !m 7 f\nd to be z successful z ^? :i* did4 ,= example1 ! f$]at$ *ur* ( ,nor? ,wilbraham1 ,massa*usetts1 ! con/itu5t bodies ( :i* are ,me?odi/ ,episcopal & ,congregational *ur*es1 has greatly increas$ 9 memb]%ip1 att5dance1 & 9 ! influ5ce x ex]ts = v>i\s k9ds ( progress 9 its community4 ,x w\ld be v difficult to f9d any c\ntry *ur*1 ei!r d5om9ational or f$]at$1 ^: record = s]vice is bett]4 ,9 two cases 9 ,new ,engl& :]e ! f$]at$ *ur* has fail$1 x 0 report$ t ! pa/ors reg>d$ ! f$]at$ *ur* z a tempor>y exp$i5t & tri$ h>d to *ange x into a d5om9ational *ur*4 ,su* action w\ld necess>ily be reg>d$ z a brea* ( fai? on ! "p ( "o ( ! *ur*es1 & disa/] might well be expect$ to foll[4 ,! au?ors "k ( no exp]i5ce :i* indicates any inh]5t weakness 9 ! f$]at$ *ur*1 nor s f> z !y are aw>e is !re any evid5ce t a f$]at$ *ur* has injur$ ! d5om9ation ( any compon5t *ur*4 ,on ! contr>y1 a v l>ge majority ( ! small *ur*es :i* h unit$ ) o!rs 9 su* f$]ation h ga9$ r ?an lo/1 ) a result+ b5efit to ea* d5om9ation conc]n$4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,o!r ,,progressive ,,*ur*es #a4 ,a ,*ur* ,f$]ation ,9 ! village ( ,%iloh 9 ,ri*l& ,c\nty are two *ur*es1 ,lu!ran & ,me?odi/ ,episcopal1 ea* support+ a resid5t pa/or4 ,ea* seems to be /rong en\gh to su/a9 alone its ord9>y activities4 ,= ?is & o!r reasons !re has be5 no desire to unite ! *ur*es into "o congregation4 ,b !y _h bo? neglect$ to provide means ( meet+ _m ( ! community's ne$s1 su* z opportunities = social life1 recreation1 & a?letics1 or to /imulate o!rs to make provision = !m4 ,z usual "u su* conditions1 gambl+ & o!r amusem5ts ( a que/ionable sort became m or less common4 ,9 ord] ! bett] to look aft] ! ne$s ( ! "y p & to /r5g!n ! moral life ( ! community1 a committee repres5t+ bo? ( ! *ur*es 0 appo9t$ to provide & c>ry out a program = ! community welf>e4 ,"o ( ! features ( ?is program is a successful movem5t = ! promotion ( ! social1 a?letic1 & play life ( ?is & neighbor+ communities4 ,! life ( ! neighborhood has be5 made m attractive1 especially = ! "y p1 :ile "s ( ! =ms ( petty vice h disappe>$4 ,union s]vices are frequ5tly held by ! two *ur*es4 ,9 e way _! "w is becom+ m effective4 ,?is =m ( coop]ative organization may be call$ a *ur* f$]ation1 b x %\ld be di/+ui%$ f ! f$]at$ *ur*1 :i* is ! union ( two or m *ur*es into a s+le congregation4 ,9 e rural community :]e x is nei!r feasible nor desirable to unite all ! *ur*es "u ! lead]%ip ( "o pa/or1 a *ur* f$]ation %\ld be =m$ to create conditions favorable to ! developm5t ( ,*ri/ian "*1 to hold community religi\s s]vices & social ga!r+s1 & to r5d] all =ms ( social s]vice :i* are ne$$ 9 ! community1 b are n r5d]$ by o!r in/itutions4 #b4 ,coop]ation ) ,o!r ,social ,=ces ,:]e !re are social organizations o!r ?an s*ool & *ur* x (t5 happ5s t ! *ur*es c get bett] results by work+ ) !m4 ,an example ( ?is k9d ( coop]ation may be f\nd 9 ,:ite ,cottage1 ,newton ,t[n%ip1 ,musk+um ,c\nty4 ,"h ! pa/or ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur* made a ?or\gh survey ( ! community 9 an area :i* includ$ f\r *ur*es4 ,he !n prep>$ a s]mon on ! mu* ne$$ c\ntry life movem5t1 & s5t a p]sonal lett] to e family 9 ! area cov]$ by ! survey1 invit+ its memb]s to come & he> 8 s]mon4 ,l>ge numb]s respond$4 ,!n a mass meet+ 0 call$ to discuss ! situation1 & ! results ( ! survey 7 set =?4 ,a committee 0 appo9t$ to draw up a con/itution = a community bett]m5t organization4 ,at a second mass meet+ x 0 adopt$4 ,"u x e memb] ( ! community became a memb] ( ! association4 ,e social organization 9 ! community 0 giv5 equal repres5tation on ! ,executive ,committee1 :i* has /&+ committees on programs & publicity1 on religion & social s]vice1 on education1 on recreation & physical culture1 & on f9ance4 ,a g5]al clean+ up ( ! community foll[$4 ,an unsightly squ>e 0 transf]r$ into an attractive playgr\nd1 :]e e ,saturday aft]noon !re 0 basket ball1 volley ball1 croquet1 t5nis1 track a?letics1 or baseball4 ,a libr>y & public read+ room 0 op5$1 a temp]ance program 0 adopt$1 f>m]s' in/itutes 7 e/abli%$1 & lectures on agriculture & home economics 7 giv51 toge!r ) a ,*autauqua c\rse ( lectures = w9t] & summ]1 & a s]ies ( home tal5t plays4 ,!re 7 ?ree holiday picnics ea* summ]1 & field day ex]cises ) a p>ade1 plat=m meet+s1 & a community d9n]4 ,o!r results ( ?is movem5t are a f9e new s*ool build+ ) a l>ge auditorium1 & greatly improv$ roads4 ,moreov]1 a favorable reaction has be5 felt 9 ! *ur*es4 ,:]eas1 =m]ly b #cg-a_/b p] c5t ( ! population 7 *ur* att5dants1 n[ !re are #eh p] c5t2 :]e =m]ly #dj p] c5t ( ! p w5t to ,sunday s*ool1 n[ !re are #eb p] c5t4 ,! :ole community %[s a high] moral tone4 ,:ile ! *ur*es at ,:ite ,cottage 7 n unit$ 9 any organic way1 yet a _s ( ,*ri/ian unity 0 br\ght ab\t4 ,! v be/ ( feel+ exi/s among ! diff]5t *ur*es1 & _! memb]s "w toge!r gladly 9 community improvem5t4 ,z ! result ( su* an atmosph]e ! evils ( ov]*ur*+ are r$uc$ to a m9imum1 & x becomes easi] to br+ ab\t su* reorganization z may be = ! be/ religi\s & social welf>e ( ! community4 ,organizations ( coop]at+ rural social =ces1 l t at ,:ite ,cottage1 = _m ye>s h be5 do+ good "w 9 o!r /ates1 bo? ,ea/ & ,we/4 ,9 l>ge numb]s ( communities1 p>ticul>ly :]e ! *ur*es _c be f$]at$1 or :]e bitt] feel+ has result$ f int]*ur* competition1 ! be/ me?od ( progress is (t5 to br+ ab\t su* a coo]d9ation ( =ces 9 ! s]vice ( ! community itself4 #c4 ,community ,s]vice & ,*ri/ian ,unity ,a%ley1 9 ,delaw>e ,c\nty1 is a t[n ( ab\t #fjj inhabitants4 ,"h a resid5t pa/or's desire to s]ve 8 community result$ 9 ,*ri/ian unity4 ,twelve ye>s ago !re 7 f\r compet+ *ur*es1 poorly att5d$ & /ruggl+ = exi/5ce4 ,camp meet+s ( a fanatical sect 7 (t5 held 9 ! neighborhood4 ,9 ! *ur*es ( ! t[n seasons ( protract$ meet+s 7 *>act]iz$ by excessive emotion at ! "t1 b by few p]man5t good results4 ,:ile respect = religion is necess>y to a high degree ( moral & social life 9 any c\ntry community1 a l>ge proportion ( ! p 9 ,a%ley no long] respect$ ! *ur* because ( ! "* ( its religi\s activities4 ,_m ( ! mo/ influ5tial citiz5s ev5 d\bt$ :e!r ! *ur* 0 good = ! community or n4 ,high ideals 7 conspicu\sly lack+ among ! "y p1 & disord]ly conduct 0 beg9n+ to appe>4 ,9 ! ye> #aijg ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur* acquir$ a pa/or :o by nature & tra9+ 0 well equipp$ = 8 "w4 ,=tunately he 0 ! only resid5t m9i/] 9 ! t[n1 :]e he rema9$ = ne>ly t5 ye>s4 ,z ! result ( 8 lead]%ip ! :ole community n[ has a high reg>d = religion & ! *ur*1 :ile a practical ,*ri/ian unity has be5 br\ght ab\t & int]*ur* competition has disappe>$4 ,! moral & religi\s atmosph]e ( ! place has become :olesome4 ,community life has be5 made attractive ?r\gh special in/ruction & ent]ta9m5t1 social ga!r+s1 a?letics1 & all k9ds ( heal?y amusem5t4 ,!re /ill are two *ur*es1 b "o ( !m meets n (t5] ?an once a mon?1 is att5d$ by only two or ?ree families1 & has ceas$ to be a factor 9 ! life ( ! community4 ,! o!r *ur* is well att5d$ & is g5]ally recogniz$ z ! community *ur*4 ,! memb]s ( ! two *ur*es :i* h dropp$ out h1 = ! mo/ "p1 unit$ ) x1 :ile ! build+ ( "o ( !m has become ! gymnasium ( ! community *ur*4 ,?\gh ! "w ( ?is successful pa/or 0 begun be=e ! mod]n c\ntry life & c\ntry *ur* movem5t _h be5 develop$1 8 program & me?ods ( "w 9 no way diff] f ^? :i* are common to ! nation-wide movem5t4 ,9 fact l>ge numb]s ( c\ntry pa/ors1 widely scatt]$ ov] ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 entirely indep5d5t ( "o ano!r or ( ! lit]ature ( any special movem5t1 h made & c>ri$ out programs = *ur* & community bett]m5t :i* 9 _! ess5tials are sub/antially alike4 ,! pa/ors h all /udi$ ! ne$s ( _! communities & h tri$ to meet !m4 ,simil>ity ( ne$s 9 ! diff]5t communities has naturally result$ 9 ! adoption ( simil> programs4 ,! pa/or :o did at ,a%ley ! "w j describ$ began by mak+ a ?or\gh /udy ( 8 p>i%4 ,he !n l$ ! "y p into active "w = _! community1 & lat] on /imulat$ ! old] m5 to d _! "p also1 until f9ally x became recogniz$ 9 ,a%ley t ! duty ( ! ,*ri/ian & ! *ur* is n to "w ma9ly = ! *ur*1 b ma9ly = ! common welf>e & ! developm5t ( all ! p4 ,?is m9i/] nev] emphasiz$ any =m ( sect>ianism4 ,he ?\ght ( himself z pa/or ( ! :ole t[n & c\ntryside r ?an ( 8 *ur* alone1 s t :atev] he did 0 entirely free f ! _s ( competition4 ,! p did n fail to recognize 8 aims1 &1 9 consequ5ce1 7 satisfi$ ) 8 lead]%ip4 ,?us x became possible = him & 8 *ur* to "w to satisfy ! ne$s ( all ! p4 ,! ,presbyt]ians & ,fri5ds1 !re=e1 will+ly jo9$ 8 *ur* & gave up _! own4 ,b if 9 spee* or de$ he _h attempt$ to build up 8 own *ur* at ! exp5se ( ! o!rs1 !re w\ld und\bt$ly be f\r *ur*es 9 ,a%ley to-day4 ,! ,a%ley community *ur* secur$ ! creation ( a community libr>y1 itself provid$ a community read+ room1 gave special att5tion to ! day s*ool & its tea*]s1 held ea* ye> free univ]sity ext5sion lectures on agriculture & home economics1 lectures on sanitation & prev5tion ( diseases1 gave socials & fe/ivals1 promot$ a?letics1 ma9ta9$ a *ur* gymnasium1 & =m$ f>m]s' clubs & help$ !m 9 _! "w4 ,?\gh !re 7 lodges 9 ,a%ley :i* held occasional ga!r+s1 /ill ! *ur* 0 g5]ally recogniz$ z ! in/itution :i* suppli$ ! opportunities = social life = ! :ole community4 ,! *ur* became preem95tly ! mo/ democratic & mo/ popul> in/itution 9 ! t[n4 ,simplicity ( organization 0 ! aim ( ! pa/or4 ,sunday s*ool classes1 includ+ a m5's ,bible class1 7 organiz$1 & 7 /imulat$ to d _! be/ to meet ! social & o!r ne$s ( ! community4 ,s well did !y d _! "w t o!r organizations 7 f\nd to be unnecess>y4 ,"o unusual feature ( ! pa/or's "w 0 ! comb9+ ( ! ,bible s*ool session on ,sunday morn+ ) ! s]vice ( ! *ur*1 mak+ "o s]vice ( wor%ip1 at :i* communion is adm9i/]$ & memb]s are receiv$4 ,no collections are tak5 up 9 ! *ur*1 b a budget is made at ! beg9n+ ( ! ye> & ! money is rais$ ?r\gh a *ur* committee4 ,contributions = b5evol5ces h be5 greatly increas$ dur+ ?is pa/orate1 & l>ge sums h be5 sp5t = build+ & improvem5ts4 ,yet nev]!less ! community did n furni% adequate support = its pa/or1 und\bt$ly because z 9 ! case ( ne>ly all pa/ors1 he refus$ to "w = an increase 9 8 own sal>y1 :ile1 z 9 ne>ly all small communities1 no "o else took ! matt] up4 ,9 ?is respect1 !re=e1 ! p act$ unju/ly t[>ds _! m9i/]4 ,x %\ld be not$ t ! m9i/] 0 well tra9$ & ( high "*2 t he liv$ 9 ! community he s]v$2 t he 0 giv5 a long t]m ( s]vice2 & t he *]i%$ a "r conception ( ! "w ( m9i/] & *ur*4 ,su* "w z ?is is badly ne$$ 9 multitudes ( communities 9 ,ohio4 ,x is ! only ?+ t c pres]ve or re/ore _! :olesom5ess & make !m suitable places = ! re>+ ( *ildr54 ,! *ur*1 z a :ole1 %\ld sp>e no ef=t 9 provid+ l>ge numb]s ( su* m5 to d ?is k9d ( "w1 = ! total result ( s do+ w\ld be an increase ( untold value 9 ! /r5g? ( ! v f\ndations ( ,*ri/ian civilization 9 ,am]ica4 #d4 ,*ri/ian ,unity by ,necessity ,9 ,ont>io1 ,spr+field ,t[n%ip1 ,ri*l& ,c\nty1 !re 7 ?ree *ur*es1--,presbyt]ian1 ,unit$ ,presbyt]ian1 & ,me?odi/ ,episcopal4 ,because _m ( ! be/ families _h left1 ! ,presbyt]ian *ur*es h held no regul> s]vices s9ce ! ye> #aijj4 ,= a "t ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur* %>$ a resid5t m9i/] ) ?ree or f\r o!r *ur*es1 b f #aiab ,spr+field ,t[n%ip 0 left )\t a resid5t m9i/] = ?ree ye>s4 ,"u ^! circum/ances x 0 inevitable t social & moral decl9e %\ld beg91 = ! mod]n community's ne$s _c be met by ! old-fa%ion$ circuit sy/em4 ,m & m ! bett] families mov$ away or relaps$ into ! backgr\nd1 & ! less moral elem5ts became conspicu\s4 ,a dance hall became ! haunt ( disord]ly p f neighbor+ t[ns4 ,drunk5ness grew apace1 :ile bad language on ! /reets 0 altoge!r too common4 ,pilf]+ ! prop]ty ( ! railroad 0 m or less op54 ,x 0 high "t to act4 ,accord+ly1 ! p ( all ! d5om9ations & ! non-*ur* p :o liv$ 9 ! t[n%ip1 realiz+ t x 0 go+ f bad to worse1 jo9$ 9 decid+ t a resid5t m9i/] 0 necess>y4 ,money 0 rais$1 & ! future support ( a m9i/] 0 promis$ if ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,conf]5ce w\ld s5d !m a good man4 ,! new m9i/] began 8 "w 9 ! autumn ( #aiae4 ,! total budget ( ! *ur* _h be5 ab\t #ejj1 ( :i* less ?an #bej w5t to ! m9i/]'s sal>y4 ,dur+ 8 fir/ ye>1 #a1edj 0 rais$1 #ijj ( :i* w5t = ! support ( ! m9i/]4 ,9 ! second ye> no less ?an #g1ejj 0 rais$1 #a1jjj = ! m9i/]'s sal>y1 #edj = ord9>y exp5ses1 :ile ! re/ w5t to ! p]man5t repairs on ! *ur* build+s4 ,z 9 ,a%ley1 s 9 ,spr+field ,t[n%ip2 ! pa/or reg>d$ 8 *ur* z a community *ur* & ?\ght ( himself z a ,*ri/ian r ?an z a sect>ian4 ,! att5dance m ?an d\bl$ bo? at ! *ur* s]vices & at ! ,sunday s*ool1 :ile ! real memb]%ip increas$ f less ?an #ajj to #cae4 ,:5 ! ,presbyt]ians saw ! manife/ good t c\ld be br\ght by unit$ ,*ri/ian action1 !y became memb]s ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur*1 :ile lat] on !y made a ,*ri/mas pres5t ( _! build+ to ! ,me?odi/ community *ur*4 ,x is n[ us$ z ! h\se ( wor%ip1 :ile ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur* has become a gymnasium & p>i% h\se4 ,"u ! lead]%ip ( ! new resid5t m9i/] a g5u9e clean+ up ( ! gross indec5cy 0 made1 "s ( ! mo/ h>mful *>act]s left1 & ! place became comp>atively ord]ly4 ,! village has be5 trans=m$ f a rural slum to a v dec5t community1--a safe place to br+ up *ildr54 ,?is bett] /ate ( ?+s w und\bt$ly cont9ue z long z ! pres5t sy/em ( *ur* "w prevails4 ,! plan ( ?is *ur*'s "w did n diff] f t ( _m o!r mod]n c\ntry *ur*es4 ,x includ$ ,sunday s*ool classes organiz$ = social s]vice1 a?letics1 includ+ basket ball1 a full program ( social activities1 lectures to promote an intellig5t int]e/ 9 agriculture1 & active int]e/ on ! "p ( ! m9i/] 9 coop]at+ ) ! day s*ools & provid+ opportunities = intellectual advancem5t4 ,! pa/or decl>es t ! "w 9 ,spr+field ,t[n%ip 0 made possible only because he c\ld live 9 ! community1 because he c\ld give 8 :ole "t to ?is field1 & because ( ! program ( c\ntry *ur* s]vice ) :i*1 ?r\gh ! ,conf]5ce ( ! ,commission on ,*ur* & ,c\ntry ,life :i* 0 held 9 ,columbus 9 #aiae & ?r\gh mod]n c\ntry *ur* lit]ature1 he _h become famili>4 ,he ass]ts t )\t ! mod]n program & conception ( ! function ( ! c\ntry *ur*1 success w\ld h be5 impossible4 #e4 ,! ,*ur* z a ,=ce = ,righte\sness ,9 ! "w at ,a%ley & ,ont>io we h se5 ! adoption ( a good program accompani$ by improvem5t 9 ! moral tone & religi\s atmosph]e ( ! communities4 ,!re are _m o!r communities :]e a simil> program has be5 c>ri$ out1 ) ! same results4 ,^! cases con/itute a fairly conclusive demon/ration t ! v>i$ community life :i* is /imulat$ & made possible by ! mod]n c\ntry *ur* program is ! normal "o1 & t )\t ^! v>i\s activities g5]al moral & religi\s heal? is impossible4 ,! lead]%ip ( a mod]n c\ntry *ur* m9i/] br\ght ab\t j su* an improvem5t 9 ! community life ( ,old ,=t4 ,?is pa/or came to realize ! ne$s ( 8 community by tak+ "p 9 ! ,ohio ,rural ,life ,survey4 ,"o direct result ( 8 "w is a c5traliz$ agricultural high s*ool1 :i* w become ! means ( keep+ ! be/ families on ! l& in/ead ( lett+ !m move to ! l>g] t[ns 9 se>* ( bett] s*ools = ! *ildr54 ,once gone !y r>ely return4 ,! "y m5 ( ,old ,=t1 :o =m]ly _h little to d ) ! *ur*1 are n[ active 9 its "w4 ,special att5tion has be5 giv51 9 a neighbor+ p>i% s]v$ by ! same m9i/]1 to ! f>m labor]s & t5ants4 ,:]eas =m]ly ^! p r>ely w5t to *ur*1 n[ z l>ge a proportion ( !m take "p 9 ! activities ( ! *ur* z ( any o!r class4 ,?is is an a*ievem5t ( real importance4 ,x appe>s f ,map #ab1 :i* is bas$ on data f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c5sus1 t1 9 no less ?an #ed ( ! #hh c\nties ( ,ohio1 m ?an #be p] c5t ( ! f>ms 9 ! ye> #aiaj 7 op]at$ by t5ants4 ,on ,map #ac x appe>s t 9 no less ?an #ej c\nties ! numb] ( f>ms op]at$ by t5ants is increas+4 ,"h is "o ( ! great ob/acles 9 ! way ( *ur* progress 9 ! ,/ate1 = x is well kn[n t f>m t5ants usually take little int]e/ 9 ! community :]e !y live1 :ile only a small proportion ( !m are memb]s ( ! *ur*4 ,until re=m 9 ! sy/em ( l& t5ure c be br\ght to pass ?r\gh legislation1 x is mo/ important t ! *ur* %all give special att5tion to ! t5ant families4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map #ab ,,%[+ ,,by ,,c\nties ,,p]c5tage ,,( ,,all ,,f>ms ,,op]at$ ,,by ,,t5ants ,illu/ration3 ,,map #ac ,,%[+ ,,increase 77 ,,or ,,decrease 7-7 ,,p] ,,c5t ,,9 ,,numb] ,,( ,,f>ms ,,op]at$ ,,by ,,t5ants ,,ye>s #aijj-aiaj ,success 9 ?is p>i%1 accord+ to ! te/imony ( ! m9i/]1 is due to ! program br\ght to light by ! mod]n c\ntry *ur* movem5t4 ,inde$1 we h obs]v$ no notably progressive c\ntry *ur*es 9 small communities :]e ! new c\ntry *ur* program has n be5 an ess5tial factor ( success4 ,lakeville is a case 9 po9t4 ,9 ! village ( ,lakeville1 z 9 a l>ge proportion ( ,ohio rural communities1 opportunities = :olesome recreation 7 few4 ,! *ur* n only felt no responsibility = provid+ a bett] environm5t = ! "y p1 b look$ ^u matt]s :i* h to d ) recreation1 ent]ta9m5t1 & physical developm5t z =eign to x4 ,to give !m att5tion 0 reg>d$ z b5ea? its dignity4 ,?is attitude1 bo? "h & 9 a l>ge proportion ( ! rural *ur*es1 has be5 responsible 9 no small degree = a g5]al moral laxness 9 communities1 & (t5 = ! sep>ation ( ! "y p f ! *ur*4 ,! moral & social conditions 9 ,lakeville h be5 revolutioniz$ by a resid5t m9i/] 9 ?ree ye>s4 ,8 conception ( 8 "w & ! me?ods he us$ did n diff] mat]ially f ^? ( ! pa/ors ( ,a%ley1 ,ont>io1 & ,old ,=t4 ,e :olesome feature ( community life 0 reg>d$ by him z a matt] ( int]e/ to ! *ur*4 ,?us1 to promote a deep] int]e/ 9 agriculture1 lectur]s & demon/rators ^u v>i\s phases ( x 7 invit$ into ! community4 ,"u ! lead]%ip ( ?is m9i/] a :olesome1 normal1 int]e/+ life1 lead+ to ! high developm5t ( ! "y p1 & a m>k$ increase 9 ! g5]al happ9ess ( ! community1 has be5 br\ght to pass4 ,! excell5t auditorium ( ! consolidat$ s*ool 0 made ! social c5t] ( ! community4 ,! pa/or & ! memb]s ( 8 *ur* 7 ! initiators & *ief support]s ( ! program ( recreation1 in/ruction1 & ent]ta9m5t :i* 0 c>ri$ out l>gely 9 ?is build+4 ,al?\gh 9 ,lakeville ! *ur* wisely kept itself 9 ! backgr\nd 9 mu* ( its "w1 its activities 7 none ! less effective1 :ile ?is policy also react$ favorably ^u ! *ur* itself4 ,al?\gh !re 7 two *ur*es yok$ toge!r 9 ?is field1 !y 7 b a mile & a half ap>t1 & ! p>i% 0 !re=e compact4 ,consequ5tly ! pa/or c\ld & did make mu* ( 8 pa/oral "w4 ,! close t\* ( ! m9i/] ) ! memb]s ( 8 *ur* & community greatly add$ to ! effectiv5ess ( ! evangeli/ic s]vices :i* he held1 = he befri5d$ ^? :o _h ne$ ( fri5ds4 ,h5ce !re 0 n only a l>ge increase 9 memb]%ip1 b ! results ( x promis$ to be ( a durable "*4 ,x w be not$ t ! m9i/] 0 pa/or ( all ! *ur*es 9 ! community & s enc\nt]$ none ( ! difficulties :i* come f int]*ur* competition4 ,! k9d ( community s]vice :i* is illu/rat$ at ,a%ley1 ,ont>io1 ,old ,=t1 ,:ite ,cottage1 & ,lakeville (f]s abundant opportunity to a "y man ( good equipm5t = us+ 8 k & native ability1 & %\ld !re=e attract a bett] type ( man to ! rural m9i/ry4 ,! *ur* z a :ole %\ld be active 9 pres5t+ x to "y m51 = ! purpose ( gett+ ! be/ ( !m to enli/ 9 x4 ,! cons]vation ( ! high "* ( our rural population dep5ds on j su* "w4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,agricultural ,,coop]ation ,a ,,mu* ,,ne$$ ,,secul> ,,organization ,no program = ! cons]vation & improvem5t ( rural life w succe$ unless x provides = ! successful promotion ( coop]ative agricultural bus9ess organization4 ,ev5 if all ! re=ms we h sugge/$ are made1 ! ne$ to /imulate1 assi/1 & guide ! bus9ess organization ( f>m]s w /ill rema94 ,/rong mod]n c\ntry *ur*es w n fl\ri% 9 unprogressive communities ^: bus9ess is n successful4 ,rural bus9ess mu/ be effectively organiz$ to enable ! f>m]s to get a j money return = ! s]vice !y give4 ,a s\nd economic basis = a m attractive rural life c be provid$ 9 no o!r way4 ,?r\gh tra9+ & exp]i5ce 9 successful coop]ative ent]prises1 f>m]s may a*ieve a great] degree ( solid>ity1 & acquire a l>g] %>e 9 ! direction & control ( indu/rial1 political1 & economic life ( ! ,nation4 ,) x w come l>g] respect = rural occupations1 an add$ pre/ige & attractiv5ess to agricultural life1 & ! *ance ( real success = ! mod]n c\ntry *ur*4 ,! field ( agricultural coop]ation _c be fill$ by any gov]nm5t ag5cy4 ,h[ev] excell5t ! provisions ( ! ,smi?-,lev] bill1 "u :i* an agricultural advis] w be plac$ 9 e c\nty 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 h[ev] valuable ! in/ruction & advice ( ! ,/ate ,agricultural ,colleges1 :5 ! ,gov]nm5t & ! *ur*es h done all t c reasonably be expect$ ( !m1 ! task ( organiz+ rural bus9ess w rema9 undone until x is accompli%$ by ! f>m]s !mselves1 act+ ?r\gh associations ( _! own :i* are =mally alli$ ) nei!r *ur* nor gov]nm5t4 ,conclusive evid5ce on ?is po9t is suppli$ by m ?an fifty ye>s ( exp]i5ce 9 ,europe1 & by some:at less 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,)9 ! pa/ five ye>s an attempt to promote coop]ative agricultural bus9ess organization has be5 made by ! ,national ,gov]nm5t4 ,x fail$1 9 g5]al1 because ! ,gov]nm5t _c successfully und]take su* "w1 & 9 p>ticul> because special int]e/s :i* 7 mak+ l>ge pr(its by ! exploitation ( f>m]s _h laws pass$ :i* effectually defeat$ ! attempt4 ,)9 ! pa/ ?ree ye>s agricultural ag5ts ( ! ,gov]nm5t 9 ,ohio :o attempt$ to promote a coop]ative movem5t among f>m]s 7 =c$ by simil> int]e/s to ab&on ! "w or leave ! c\nty :]e !y 7 employ$4 ,x is well kn[n t ! faculties ( c]ta9 ,/ate ,agricultural colleges1 ?\gh fully aw>e ( ! ne$ = s\nd coop]ative agricultural bus9ess1 d n attempt to give in/ructions 9 its pr9ciples because ( ! effective opposition !y anticipate f p]sons & corporations ^: bus9ess makes _! int]e/s ho/ile to ^? ( ! f>m]4 ,if ! ,gov]nm5t _c meet ! :ole ne$1 no m c ! *ur*es4 ,bus9ess coop]ation1 :i* !y %\ld enc\rage b _c supply1 is indisp5sable4 ,= m ?an fifty ye>s *ur*es & cl]gym5 9 ,europe h be5 r5d]+ mo/ effective s]vice 9 ! promotion ( coop]ative agricultural organization 9 bus9ess4 ,9 ,am]ica likewise !y c & %\ld be ( ess5tial help 9 ! same good "w1 = ! pr9ciples ( successful agricultural bus9ess are 9 close h>mony ) ,*ri/ian e?ics4 ,moreov]1 ! social & moral effects ( coop]ative bus9ess on communities & individuals are ( a mo/ favorable "*4 ,9 ! ye> #aiac ,mr4 ,gill 0 pres5t at a meet+ ( repres5tatives ( gov]nm5t agricultural dep>tm5ts ( fifte5 nations1 :]e x 0 ass]t$ t agricultural coop]ation 0 ! application ( ,*ri/ianity to ! bus9ess ( ! f>m4 ,rural bus9ess1 h[ev]1 %\ld n be organically alli$ ) ! *ur* any m ?an x %\ld be ) ! ,/ate4 ,:ile ! m9i/]s & *ur*es may d mu* to educate ! f>m]s 9 reg>d to coop]ation1 to int]pret x1 to increase ! good results ( x1 & 9 _m ways give valuable assi/ance to x1 ! movem5t = coop]ation c only be made successful :5 promot$ by volunt>y secul> organizations entirely indep5d5t bo? ( *ur* & /ate4 ,coop]ation is mo/ ne$$ :]e ! p are poore/4 ,9 su* di/ricts x is easie/ to inaugurate x1 & !n by demon/ration to %[ ! high & important "* ( its b5efits4 ,f ! poor] regions x t5ds to spread into ! ri*] ones & 9 ?is way to diffuse itself widely4 ,n long ago x 0 f\nd t f>m]s 9 ,pike ,c\nty 7 sell+ _! eggs to m]*ants = #af c5ts a doz5 :5 9 ! t[ns ne>by ! m>ket price 0 #be c5ts4 ,almo/ ! entire potato crop ( ?is c\nty 9 #aiaf 0 h&l$ by middlem5 at a pr(it ( m ?an #ajj p] c5t4 ,fruit rais+ c\ld be made mo/ pr(itable 9 l>ge p>ts ( ,ohio :i* at pres5t are n prosp]\s1 b )\t coop]ative organization ! difficulty ( m>ket+ fruit is v great4 ,9 ! pur*ase ( f>m implem5ts1 f]tiliz]s1 & o!r supplies1 great sav+s to ! f>m]s are und\bt$ly possible4 ,!re are few regions :]e coop]ative organization is m ne$$1 & w\ld be m likely to succe$1 if prop]ly direct$1 ?an 9 s\!a/]n ,ohio4 ,x w\ld n only increase ! economic prosp]ity ( ?is region1 b x w\ld ex]t also a mo/ :olesome moral & social effect1 :]eby ! "w ( ! *ur* w\ld be accel]at$4 ,! con/ant application ( ! pr9ciples ( bro!rhood 9 ev]yday bus9ess is an influ5ce ( ! highe/ value1 & x _c safely be neglect$ z a means = ! ,*ri/ianiz+ ( rural society4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,tabul> ,,summ>ies ,,& ,,maps ,,*apt] ,i ,,geographical ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,! ,,d5om9ations ,x appe>s t ( ! #f1jfj *ur*es 9 ! #a1agj /rictly rural t[n%ips ( ,ohio no less ?an #a1gic1 or ne>ly #cj p] c5t1 are ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal d5om9ation 7see ,table ,d & ,maps #ad-be72 #eba are ( ! ,unit$ ,bre?r5 9 ,*ri/2 #cif are ,presbyt]ian2 #cgi are ,bapti/1 includ+ ,free ,w1 ,free1 & ,mission>y2 #cfg ,disciples2 #cfb ,lu!ran2 #bdh ,roman ,ca?olic2 #bbh ,*ri/ian2 #baa ,me?odi/ ,prote/ant2 #age ,re=m$2 #ace ,congregational2 #abi ,evangelical ,association2 #aac ,bre?r5 or ,g]man ,bapti/s2 #ie ,radical ,unit$ ,bre?r52 #ib ,*ri/ian ,union2 #hd ,societies ( ,fri5ds2 & #gg ,unit$ ,presbyt]ian4 ,none ( ! o!r d5om9ations has m ?an #a p] c5t ( ! total numb]4 ,! d5om9ations are repres5t$ 9 ab\t ! same proportion 9 ! suburban rural di/ricts4 ,,table ,d ,,numb] ,,( ,,*ur*es ,,9 ,,ea* ,,d5om9ation ,key3 #a ,/rictly rural t[n%ips #b ,p] c5t #c ,o!r rural sections #d ,p] c5t #e ,all rural *ur*es #f ,p] c5t ,d5om9ation #a #b #c #d #e #f ,total #fjfj #ajj #ehb #ajj #ffdb #ajj ,me?odi/ ,episcopal #agic #bi4f #aga #bi4d #aifd #bi4f ,unit$ ,bre?r5 9 ,*ri/ #eba #h4f #ha #ac4i #fjb #i4a ,presbyt]ian #cif #f4e #bi #e4 #dbe #f4d ,bapti/ 7,includ+ ,free1 ,free ,w & ,mission>y7 #cgi #f4b #bf #d4d #dje #f4a ,disciples ( ,*ri/ #cfg #f4 #bj #c4d #chg #e4i ,lu!ran #cfb #f4 #di #h4d #daa #f4b ,ca?olic 7,roman7 #bdh #d4a #ag #b4i #bfe #d4 ,*ri/ian #bbh #c4h #bj #c4d #bdh #c4g ,me?odi/ ,prote/ant #baa #c4e #ai #c4c #bcj #c4e ,re=m$ 7,includ+ ,g]man ,re=m$7 #age #b4i #bf #d4d #bja #c4 ,congregational #ace #b4b #ab #b4a #adg #b4b ,evangelical ,association #abi #b4f #ad #b4d #adc #b4b ,bre?r5 7,g]man ,bapti/7 #aac #a4i #ad #b4d #abg #a4i ,radical ,unit$ ,bre?r5 #ie #a4f #i #a4e #ajd #a4f ,*ri/ian ,union #ib #a4e #d ,less #if #a4d ?an #a ,fri5ds #hd #a4d #h #a4d #ib #a4d ,unit$ ,presbyt]ian #gg #a4c #i #a4e #hf #a4c ,m5nonite #ef ,less #i #a4e #fe ,less ?an #a ?an #a ,*ur* ( ,god #ed #h #a4d #fb ,g]man ,evangelical #dh #a ,less #di ?an #a ,african & all ,color$ ,me?odi/ ,episcopal #dj #b #db ,union #dj #aj #a4g #ej ,prote/ant ,episcopal #ci #b ,less #da ?an #a ,univ]sali/ #ci #j #ci ,color$ ,bapti/ #ch #c #da ,disciples ,non-,progressive #cb #a #cc ,free ,me?odi/ #bg #e #cb ,g]man ,me?odi/ ,episcopal #bg #j #bg ,unit$ ,evangelical #bg #b #bi ,hol9ess #be #f #a #ca ,old ,ord] ,bre?r5 ,progressive #ba #c #bd ,riv] ,primitive ,bapti/ #ba #j #ba ,wesleyan ,me?odi/ #ah #j #ah ,sev5? ,day ,adv5t #ac #j #ac ,adv5t-,*ri/ian #ab #j #ab ,calv9i/ ,me?odi/ #ab #a #ac ,re=m$ ,presbyt]ian #h #j #h ,latt] ,day ,sa9ts #f #j #f ,naz>5e #e #j #e ,sa9ts #e #j #e ,unit$ ,bapti/ #e #j #e ,*ri/ian ,mission>y ,alliance #d #j #d ,greek ,ca?olic #d #j #d ,moravian #d #j #d ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce #c #j #c ,int]national ,bible ,/ud5ts1 ,association #c #j #c ,f$]at$ #c #j #c ,mission>y ,*ur* ,association #b #j #b ,pieti/ #a #j #a ,primitive ,me?odi/ #a #j #a ,russian ,ca?olic #a #j #a ,sev5 ,sleep]s #a #j #a ,sev5? ,day ,bapti/ #a #j #a ,slavic ,lu!ran #a #j #a ,w5g]ite #a #j #a ,bro!rs ,society ( ,am]ica #j #a #a ,d5om9ation n report$ #g #j #g ,illu/ration3 ,,map #ad ,,me?odi/ ,,episcopal ,,c\ntry ,,*ur*es ,illu/ration3 ,,map #ae ,,unit$ ,,bre?r5 ,,9 ,,*ri/ ,illu/ration3 ,,map #af ,,presbyt]ian ,illu/ration3 ,,map #ag ,,bapti/ ,illu/ration3 ,,map #ah ,,disciples ,,( ,,*ri/ ,illu/ration3 ,,map #ai ,,lu!ran ,illu/ration3 ,,map #bj ,,ca?olic ,illu/ration3 ,,map #ba ,,*ri/ian ,illu/ration3 ,,map #bb ,,me?odi/ ,,prote/ant ,illu/ration3 ,,map #bc ,,re=m$ ,illu/ration3 ,,map #bd ,,congregational ,illu/ration3 ,,map #be ,,evangelical ,,association ,9 ,table ,e ! ,prote/ant *ur*es are gr\p$ accord+ to _! polity4 ,x w be se5 t ab\t #a1fjj h a ,congregational =m ( gov]nm5t1 9 :i* au?ority re/s 9 ! local *ur*2 t 9 ne>ly #a1bjj *ur*es ! polity is ,presbyt]ian1 9 :i* au?ority is l>gely 9 ! local *ur*1 b p>tly 9 a repres5tative body ( sev]al *ur*es gr\p$ 9 di/ricts4 ,"u ! title ( ,episcopal ,bodies are gr\p$ d5om9ations compris+ #b1gba *ur*es1 or m ?an ! total numb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian & ,congregational comb9$4 ,! ,me?odi/ ,prote/ant ,*ur*es are n plac$ 9 ei!r ( ^! gr\ps because _! polity resembles1 9 "s respects1 t ( ! ,congregational & 9 o!rs t ( ! ,episcopal *ur*es4 ,au?ority ) !m re/s l>gely 9 ! local *ur*1 :i* owns its prop]ty & has au?ority to receive & dismiss its own memb]s1 b 9 o!r respects resembles closely ! *ur*es ( ! ,episcopal ord]4 ,9 ! f\r? gr\p are #hb o!r *ur*es or religi\s organizations :i* we h fail$ to classify4 ,! ,ca?olic bodies1 includ+ ,greek & ,russian1 numb] #bec4 ,diff]5ces z to *ur* polity are n suffici5tly great to con/itute a dang]\s ob/acle to ! progress ( *ur* unity among ! ,prote/ant rural *ur*es ( ,ohio4 ,our sy/em ( univ]sities & public s*ools1 toge!r ) ! cu/om ( read+ religi\s articles1 books1 & o!r lit]ature )\t reg>d to ! d5om9ation ( ! au?or1 is t5d+ to remove !ological diff]5ces z betwe5 d5om9ations4 ,x may be said x has already remov$ !m 9 ! elev5 d5om9ations repres5t$ 9 ! ,committee ( ,int]*ur* ,coop]ation4 ,?is is true :atev] diff]5ces may /ill exi/ betwe5 individuals4 ,,table ,e ,,*ur*es ,,gr\p$ ,,accord+ ,,to ,,_! ,,polity ,,congregational ,,bodies ,total #a1fja ,bapti/1 includ+ ,free1 ,free ,w & ,mission>y #cgi ,disciples #cfg ,*ri/ian #bbh ,congregational #ace ,*ri/ian ,union #ib ,fri5ds #hd ,m5nonite #ef ,*ur* ( ,god #ed ,union #dj ,univ]sali/ #ci ,color$ ,bapti/ #ch ,disciples1 ,non-,progressive #cb ,primitive ,bapti/ #ba ,sev5? ,day ,adv5t #ac ,adv5t ,*ri/ian #ab ,unit$ ,bapti/ #e ,naz>5e #e ,sev5? ,day ,bapti/ #a ,,presbyt]ian ,,bodies ,total #a1aib ,presbyt]ian #cif ,lu!ran #cfb ,re=m$1 includ+ ,g]man ,re=m$ #age ,bre?r5 7,g]man ,bapti/7 #aac ,unit$ ,presbyt]ian #gg ,g]man ,evangelical #dh ,calv9i/ ,me?odi/ #ab ,re=m$ ,presbyt]ian #h ,slavic ,lu!ran #a ,,episcopal ,,bodies ,total #b1gba ,me?odi/ ,episcopal #a1gic ,unit$ ,bre?r5 #eba ,evangelical ,association #abi ,radical ,unit$ ,bre?r5 #ie ,african ,me?odi/ ,episcopal #dj ,prote/ant ,episcopal #ci ,unit$ ,evangelical #bg ,g]man ,me?odi/ ,episcopal #bg ,free ,me?odi/ #bg ,wesleyan ,me?odi/ #bg ,moravian #d ,primitive ,me?odi/ #a ,,ca?olic ,,bodies ,total #bec ,ca?olic 7,roman7 #bdh ,greek ,ca?olic #d ,russian ,ca?olic #a ,,o!r ,,bodies ,total #bic ,me?odi/ ,prote/ant #baa ,hol9ess #be ,bre?r5 7,o4 ,o41 ,prog4 & ,riv]7 #ba ,latt] ,day ,sa9ts #f ,sa9ts #e ,*ri/ian ,mission>y ,alliance #d ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce #c ,int]national ,bible ,/ud5ts ,association #c ,f$]at$ #c ,mission>y ,*ur* ,association #b ,pieti/ #a ,w5g]ite #a ,sev5 ,sleep]s #a ,d5om9ation n report$ #g ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,tabul> ,,summ>ies ,,= ,,! ,,/ate ,!re are 9 ,ohio #a1cdc t[n%ips 7see ,table ,i7 :i* are :olly or p>tly made up ( op5 c\ntry or villages ( less ?an #b1ejj inhabitants4 7,?is numb] ( inhabitants hav+ be5 select$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c5sus z m>k+ ! l9e betwe5 urban & rural1 we h necess>ily foll[$47 ,9 ! /rictly rural t[n%ips & ! rural sections ( t[n%ips :i* are p>tly urban or suburban1 !re is altoge!r a population ( m ?an two million p]sons1 & #f1fdb *ur*es4 ,^! figures give u1 on an av]age1 #a1eaf p]sons & five rural *ur*es to a t[n%ip1 & #cjg p]sons to a *ur*4 ,( t[n%ips :i* bord] on cities & t[ns ( m ?an #b1ejj p]sons1 !re are #agc4 ,9 t[n%ips ( ?is class !re are #cdb1jgg p]sons & #ehb *ur*es1 :ile = ea* t[n%ip !re are #a1igg p]sons & ?ree *ur*es1 or #ehg p]sons to a *ur*4 ,x is presumable t _m p]sons 9 ^! suburban t[n%ips att5d ! *ur*es 9 ! neighbor+ cities or l>ge t[ns4 ,if we subtract ! suburban t[n%ips f ! #a1cdc m5tion$ above1 !re rema9 #a1agj t[n%ips :i* are /rictly rural4 ,unless o!rwise /at$ all d$uctions h be5 drawn exclusively f ^! rural t[n%ips4 ,! #a1agj /rictly rural t[n%ips conta9 ne>ly #a1gjj1jjj p]sons & #f1jfj *ur*es4 ,!y h1 on an av]age1 #a1ddh p]sons & five *ur*es to a t[n%ip & #bhj p]sons to a *ur*4 ,al?\gh !re are #f1jfj *ur*es 9 ! #a1agj /rictly rural t[n%ips1 _! memb]%ip records are s (t5 incomplete t satisfactory figures 7 f\nd = only #d1ida *ur*es4 ,! memb]%ip ( #c1cea ( ^! *ur*es1 or #fh p] c5t1 is n m ?an #ajj2 9 #b1gjd1 or #ee p] c5t1 ! memb]%ip is n m ?an #ge2 :ile 9 #a1hag1 or #cg p] c5t1 ! memb]%ip is n m ?an #ej4 7,see ,table ,,ii47 ,,table ,i ,,population1 ,,av]age ,,numb] ,,( ,,p]sons ,,& ,,*ur*es1 ,,& ,,av]age ,,numb] ,,( ,,p]sons ,,to ,a ,,*ur*1 ,,by ,,t[n%ips #a ,/rictly rural t[n%ips #b ,o!r rural sections #c ,all rural sections #a #b #c ,numb] ( t[n%ips #a1agj #agc #a1cdc ,population ( rural t[n%ips #a1fic1iea #cdb1jgg #b1jcf1jbh ,numb] p]sons p] t[n%ip #a1ddh #a1igg #a1eaf ,numb] *ur*es p] t[n%ip #e #c #e ,numb] ( *ur*es #f1jfj #ehb #f1fdb ,numb] p]sons p] *ur* #bhj #ehg #cjg ,9 ! suburban rural t[n%ips & rural sections ( t[n%ips conta9+ cities & l>ge t[ns1 #gb p] c5t ( ! *ur*es h a memb]%ip ( n m ?an #ajj1 #ef p] c5t ( n m ?an #ge1 & #cd p] c5t ( n m ?an #ej4 ,altoge!r1 9 rural t[n%ips & rural sections ( o!r t[n%ips1 !re are #e1cib *ur*es out ( #f1fdb = :i* memb]%ip data are available4 ,( ^! #c1ggf1 or #fh p] c5t1 h a memb]%ip ( n m ?an #ajj2 #b1ief1 or #ee p] c5t1 a memb]%ip ( n m ?an #ge2 & #a1hfj1 or #cf p] c5t1 h a memb]%ip ( n m ?an #ej4 ,! numb] ( *ur*es 9 rural t[n%ips ^: memb]%ip records are n available is #f1jfj less #d1ida1 or #a1aai4 ,if we apply to ^! also ! p]c5tages j giv5 = ! *ur*es ) available memb]%ip records1 we f9d t ( ! total ( #f1jfj *ur*es 9 ! /rictly rural t[n%ips1 #d1aaj h a memb]%ip ( n m ?an #ajj2 #c1caf h a memb]%ip ( n m ?an #ge2 :ile #b1bbg h a memb]%ip ( n m ?an #ej4 ,s9ce ! l>g] *ur*es z a rule are m c>eful 9 keep+ _! records ?an ! small] ones1 ! conclusions drawn f ^! calculations are well )9 ! limits ( tru?4 ,by ! same me?od we f9d t 9 ! suburban rural t[n%ips & rural sections ( t[n%ips conta9+ cities & t[ns ( m ?an #b1ejj inhabitants1 #dai ( ! #ehb *ur*es h a memb]%ip ( #ajj or less2 #cbe ( #ge or less2 :ile #aih *ur*es h a memb]%ip ( #ej or less4 ,we !re=e calculate t ( #f1fdb1 or all ! rural *ur*es1 #d1ebi or #fh p] c5t h a memb]%ip ( n m ?an #ajj2 #c1fda1 or #ee p] c5t1 a memb]%ip ( n m ?an #ge2 & #b1dbe or #cg p] c5t a memb]%ip ( n m ?an #ej4 ,,table ,,ii ,,*ur*es ,,classifi$ ,,accord+ ,,to ,,numb] ,,( ,,_! ,,memb]s ,key3 #a ,rural t[n%ips #b ,p] c5t #c ,o!r rural sections #d ,p] c5t #e ,all sections #f ,p] c5t #a #b #c #d #e #f ,no4 *ur*es ^: memb]%ip is report$ #d1ida #ajj #dea #ajj #e1cib #ajj ,no4 ( ^! ^: memb]%ip is less ?an #aja #c1cea #fg4h #cbe #gb #c1fgf #fh ,no4 ( ^! ^: memb]%ip is less ?an #gf #b1gjd #ed4g #beb #ef #b1ief #ee ,no4 ( ^! ^: memb]%ip is less ?an #ea #a1hag #cf4g #aec #cd #a1hfj #cf ,no4 *ur*es ^: memb]%ip data are n available #a1aai #ah #aca #bc #a1bej #ai ,calculat$ m9imum numb] ( *ur*es ^: memb]%ip is less ?an #aja #d1aaj99 #fh #dai99 #gb #d1ebi #fh ,calculat$ m9imum numb] ( *ur*es ^: memb]%ip is less ?an #gf #c1caf99 #ee #cbe99 #ef #c1fda #ee ,calculat$ m9imum numb] ( *ur*es ^: memb]%ip is less ?an #ea #b1bbg99 #cg #aih99 #cd #b1dbe #cg ,no4 *ur*es report+ ^: memb]%ip is f #a to #be #fea #ac #de #aj #fif #ac ,no4 *ur*es report+ ^: memb]%ip is f #bf-ej #a1aaf #bc #ajh #bd #a1bgd #bd ,no4 *ur*es report+ ^: memb]%ip is f #ea-ge #hhg #ah #ii #bb #ihf #ah 99,note3 ,reckon$ z foll[s3 #ccea 4#fgh x #aaai #daaj #bgjd 4#edg x #aaai #ccaf #ahag 4#cfg x #aaai #bbbg #cbe 4#gb x #aca #dai #beb 4#ef x #aca #cbe #aec 4#cd x #aca #aih ,no4 *ur*es report+ ^: memb]%ip is f #gf-ajj #fdg #ac #gc #af #gbj #ac ,no4 *ur*es report+ ^: memb]%ip is #aja-aej #geg #ae #fb #ad #hai #ae ,no4 *ur*es report+ ^: memb]%ip is f #aea-bjj #cge #h #cb #g #djg #h ,no4 *ur*es report+ ^: memb]%ip is m ?an #bjj #deh #i #cb #g #dij #i ,calculat$ numb] ( *ur*es ^: memb]%ip is m ?an #bjj #efa #i #dj #g #fja #i ,9 #cac1 or #bg p] c5t1 ( ! /rictly rural t[n%ips1 no *ur* has a resid5t m9i/] 7see ,table ,,iii72 9 #ege1 or #ci p] c5t ( ! villages1 no *ur* has a resid5t m9i/]2 & 9 #d1jjg1 or #ff p] c5t1 ( ! *ur*es1 !re is no resid5t m9i/]4 ,only #ihb *ur*es1 or #af p] c5t1 h ! full "t s]vice ( a m9i/]2 #a1eha *ur*es1 or #bf p] c5t1 h "o-half ! s]vice ( a m9i/]2 #e1jbf1 or #hc p] c5t1 h "o-half "t s]vice or less2 #c1dde1 or #eg p] c5t1 h "o-?ird "t s]vice or less2 #b1cbj1 or #ci p] c5t1 h "o-f\r? "t s]vice or less2 :ile #gba1 or #ab p] c5t ( ! #f1jfj *ur*es 9 ! /rictly rural t[n%ips h no regul> s]vice ( a m9i/] at all4 ,! p]c5tages d n mat]ially diff] 9 ! suburban t[n%ips4 ,9 ! comb9$ total ( #a1cdc rural t[n%ips & suburban t[n%ips :i* conta9 sections ( op5 c\ntry & villages ( less ?an #b1ejj inhabitants1 we f9d t #cce1 or #be p] c5t1 ( ! t[n%ips h no *ur*es s]v$ by a resid5t m9i/]2 t 9 #fcd1 or #dj p] c5t1 ( ! villages !re is no resid5t m9i/]2 t #d1dca1 or #fg p] c5t1 ( ! *ur*es h no resid5t m9i/]2 t only #a1jfe *ur*es1 or #af p] c5t1 h ! full "t s]vice ( a m9i/]2 t #a1gff1 or #bg p] c5t1 h "o-half ! s]vice ( a m9i/]2 t #e1eba1 or #hd p] c5t1 h "o-half "t s]vice or less2 t #c1gee1 or #eg p] c5t1 h "o-?ird "t s]vice or less2 t #b1eah1 or #ch p] c5t1 h "o-f\r? "t s]vice or less2 :ile #gee1 or #aa p] c5t1 ( ! #f1fdb c\ntry *ur*es ( ,ohio1 h no regul> s]vice ( a m9i/] at all4 ,,table ,,iii ,,am\nt ,,( ,,m9i/]ial ,,s]vice ,,by ,,t[n%ips1 ,,villages ,,& ,,*ur*es ,key3 #a ,rural t[n%ips #b ,p] c5t #c ,o!r rural sections #d ,p] c5t #e ,all rural sections #f ,p] c5t #a #b #c #d #e #f ,no4 t[n%ips ^: *ur*es are )\t resid5t m9i/]s #cac #bg #bb #ab #cce #be ,no4 villages :i* h a resid5t m9i/] #ija #fa #ed #dh #iee #fj ,no4 villages )\t a resid5t m9i/] #ege #ci #eh4e #eb #fcd #dj ,no4 *ur*es ) resid5t m9i/] #b1jec #cd #aeh #bh #b1baa #cc ,no4 *ur*es )\t resid5t m9i/] #d1jjg #ff #dbd #gd #d1dca #fg ,no4 *ur*es ) full "t s]vice ( a m9i/] #ihb #af #hc #ad #a1jfe #af ,no4 *ur*es ) #a_/b "t s]vice ( a m9i/] #a1eha #bf #ahe #cb #a1gff #bg ,no4 *ur*es ) #a_/b "t s]vice ( a m9i/] or less #e1jbf #hc #die #he #e1eba #hd ,no4 *ur*es ) #a_/c "t s]vice ( a m9i/] or less #c1dde #eg #caj #ec #c1gee #ef4e ,no4 *ur*es ) #a_/d "t s]vice ( a m9i/] or less #b1cbj #ci #aih #cd #b1eah #ch ,no4 *ur*es ) no regul> s]vice ( a m9i/] #gba #ab #fb #aa #gee #aa ,no4 *ur*es ) #a_/c "t s]vice ( a m9i/] #a1abe #ai #aab #ai #a1bcg #ai ,no4 *ur*es ) #a_/d "t s]vice ( a m9i/] #igj #af #if #af #a1jff #af ,no4 *ur*es = :i* data are n available #eb #a #d #a #ef #a ,( ! #f1jfj *ur*es 9 ! :olly rural t[n%ips1 #c1bec1 or #ed p] c5t1 are 9 villages ^: inhabitants numb] f #ea to #b1ejj p]sons1 :ile #b1hjg1 or #df p] c5t1 are 9 ! op5 c\ntry4 7,see ,table ,,iv47 ,9 ! suburban rural t[n%ips #aih1 or #cd p] c5t1 ( ! *ur*es are 9 villages conta9+ f #ea to #b1ejj p]sons1 :ile #chd1 or #ff p] c5t1 are 9 ! op5 c\ntry4 ,( ! #f1fdb c\ntry *ur*es 9 ,ohio1 !re=e1 #c1dea1 or #eb p] c5t1 are 9 villages conta9+ f #ea to #b1ejj inhabitants1 & #c1aia1 or #dh p] c5t1 9 ! op5 c\ntry4 ,9 ! /rictly rural di/ricts1 #a1bjg1 or #bj p] c5t1 ( ! *ur*es are 9 villages or t[ns ( mod]ate size1 hav+ f #eja to #b1ejj inhabitants1 :ile #b1jdf1 or #cd p] c5t1 are 9 small villages ( f #ea to #ejj4 ,no less ?an #d1hec1 or #hj p] c5t1 ( ! *ur*es 9 ! /rictly rural di/ricts are ei!r 9 ! op5 c\ntry or 9 ! small villages ( #ejj inhabitants or less4 ,9 address+ ourselves to ! rural *ur* problem1 !re=e1 we are almo/ exclusively conc]n$ ) ! small] villages & ! op5 c\ntry4 ,,table ,,iv ,,numb] ,,( ,,*ur*es ,,9 ,,villages ,,& ,,9 ,,! ,,op5 ,,c\ntry ,key3 #a ,rural t[n%ips #b ,p] c5t #c ,o!r rural sections #d ,p] c5t #e ,all rural sections #f ,p] c5t #a #b #c #d #e #f ,no4 *ur*es 9 villages conta9+ f #ea to #b1ejj p]sons #c1bec #ed #aih #cd #c1dea #eb ,no4 *ur*es 9 op5 c\ntry #b1hjg #df #chd #ff #c1aia #dh ,no4 *ur*es 9 villages or t[ns hav+ f #eja to #b1ejj inhabitants #a1bjg #bj #gf #ac #a1bhc #ai ,no4 *ur*es 9 villages hav+ f #ea to #ejj inhabitants #b1jdf #cd #abb #ba #b1afh #cc ,no4 *ur*es 9 op5 c\ntry & 9 villages hav+ less ?an #eja inhabitants #d1hec #hj #ejf #hg #e1cei #ha ,we h assum$ #ej p]sons z ! l9e :i* sep>ates a small village f ! op5 c\ntry1 j z ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c5sus has assum$ #b1ejj p]sons z ! l[] limit ( ! t[n4 ,9 rural ,ohio !re are #a1dgg villages ^: inhabitants numb] #ea to #b1ejj p]sons4 7,see ,table ,v47 ,( ^!1 #fgc1 or #df p] c5t1 h f #ea to #bjj inhabitants2 #dhg1 or #cc p] c5t1 h f #bja to #ejj inhabitants2 :ile #cag1 or #ba p] c5t1 h m ?an #ejj p]sons4 ,( ! smalle/ villages1 or ^? ( #ea to #bjj p]sons1 #bcd1 or #ce p] c5t1 h "o or m m9i/]s liv+ ne> ! *ur* he s]ves & #bgj m9i/]s 9 all2 :ile #ddj1 or #fe p] c5t1 h no resid5t m9i/]s :atev]4 ,9 ! #dhg c\ntry villages ^: inhabitants numb] f #bja to #ejj p]sons1 #cfj1 or #gd p] c5t1 h "o or m m9i/]s & #ebg m9i/]s 9 all1 :ile !re are #abg1 or #bf p] c5t1 )\t resid5t m9i/]s4 ,( ! #cag villages ^: inhabitants numb] m ?an #ejj p]sons1 #cjh1 or #ig p] c5t1 h "o or m resid5t pa/ors & altoge!r #hif m9i/]s--7:i* is #ec p] c5t ( ! :ole numb] ( m9i/]s liv+ 9 villages71 :ile only #i1 or #c p] c5t1 are )\t any m9i/]s at all4 ,( ! #a1dgg c\ntry villages ( all sizes1 #ija1 or #fa p] c5t1 h "o or m resid5t m9i/]s & 9 all #a1fic m9i/]s1 :ile #egf1 or #ci p] c5t1 ( ! villages h no m9i/] liv+ 9 !m4 ,^! #a1dgg villages h only #c1bec1 or #ed p] c5t1 ( ! *ur*es1 b !y h #a1fic1 or #hb p] c5t1 ( ! m9i/]s2 :ile ! op5 c\ntry1 ) #b1hjg1 or #df p] c5t1 ( ! *ur*es1 has only #cfj1 or #ah p] c5t1 ( ! resid5t m9i/]s4 ,m ?an #hg p] c5t ( ! op5 c\ntry *ur*es1 or #b1ddg ( !m1 are )\t a resid5t m9i/]4 ,9 addition to ! m9i/]s "h includ$1 !re are ab\t #cej :o d n live ne> any "o ( _! *ur*es1 b = ! mo/ "p 9 ! cities & t[ns4 ,?is numb] includes _m /ud5t prea*]s4 ,on ,map #bf1 page #aag1 ! di/ribution ( ! villages is repres5t$ graphically4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map #bf ,,villages ,,& ,,cities ,,table ,v ,,resid5t ,,m9i/]s ,,9 ,,/rictly ,,rural ,,t[n%ips1 ,,9 ,,! ,,op5 ,,c\ntry1 ,,& ,,9 ,,villages ,key3 #a ,villages ( #ea-bejj p]sons #b ,p] c5t #c ,villages ( #ea-bjj p]sons #d ,p] c5t #e ,villages ( #bja-ejj p]sons #f ,p] c5t #g ,villages ( #eja-bejj p]sons #h ,p] c5t #i ,villages ( #bja-bejj p]sons #aj ,p] c5t #aa ,op5 c\ntry #ab ,p] c5t #a #b #c #d #e #f ,no4 ( villages #a1dgf4e #ajj #fgc #df #dhg #cc ,no4 ( villages ) m9i/]s #ija #fa #bcc4e #ce #cfj #gd ,no4 ( m9i/]s #a1fic 7#ca7 #bgj #af #ebg #ca ,no4 ( villages )\t m9i/]s #ege4e #ci #dci4e #fe #abg #bf ,no4 ( *ur*es #c1bec #ed #ihd #af #a1jfb #ah #g #h #i #aj #aa #ab ,no4 ( villages #caf4e #ba #hjc4e #ed ,no4 ( villages ) m9i/]s #cjg4e #ig #ffg4e #hc ,no4 ( m9i/]s #hif #ec #a1dbc 7#fi7 #cfj #h ,no4 ( villages )\t m9i/]s #i #c #acf #i ,no4 ( *ur*es #a1bjg #bj #b1bfi #cg #b1hjg #df ,x has n be5 possible to collect full data z to ! l5g? ( ! rural m9i/]'s s]vice4 ,b ! ,conf]5ce ,records give ^! data = ! m9i/]s ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal *ur*es4 ,! t]ms ( s]vice ( ^! m9i/]s are n m brief ?an ^? 9 mo/ ( ! o!r d5om9ations4 ,9 ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur* 9 ,ohio !re 71 at ! "t ( ! ,annual ,conf]5ce 9 ! autumn ( #aiag1 #ffd pa/ors ( c\ntry *ur*es 7see ,table ,,vi72 #dij1 or #gd p] c5t ( !m1 7 ab\t to beg9 _! fir/ or second ye>'s s]vice 9 _! *>ges2 only #agd1 or #bf p] c5t1 _h _h two ye>s' acqua9tance ) _! p>i%es2 #cah1 or #dh p] c5t1 7 beg9n+ _! fir/ ye> ( s]vice 9 _! *>ges2 #agb1 or #bf p] c5t1 7 beg9n+ _! second ye>2 #aaj1 or #af p] c5t1 7 beg9n+ _! ?ird ye>2 :ile !re 7 only #fd1 or less ?an #aj p] c5t1 :o _h be5 z long z ?ree ye>s 9 ! p>i%es !y 7 s]v+4 ,only #h1 or a little m ?an #a p] c5t1 _h s]v$ z long z five ye>s 9 _! p>i%es1 :ile only "o man _h s]v$ m ?an sev5 ye>s4 ,,table ,,vi ,,t]ms ,,( ,,s]vice ,,( ,,me?odi/ ,,episcopal ,,c\ntry ,,m9i/]s1 #aiag ,key3 #a ,/ate ( ,ohio #b ,p] c5t #c ,ohio ,conf]5ce #d ,we/ ,ohio ,conf]5ce #e ,nor!a/ ,ohio ,conf]5ce #a #b #c #d #e ,total numb] ( m9i/]s #ffd #ajj #add #bbf #bid ,no4 beg9n+ #a/ or #bnd ye> ( s]vice 9 _! *>ges #dij #gd #aae #afa #bad ,no4 beg9n+ _! #a/ ye> ( s]vice 9 _! *>ges #cah #dh #gh #ig #adc ,no4 beg9n+ _! #bnd ye> ( s]vice 9 _! *>ges #agb #bf #cg #fd #ga ,no4 beg9n+ _! #crd ye> ( s]vice 9 _! *>ges #aaj #af #bj #cg #ec ,no4 :o h be5 two ye>s or m 9 _! *>ges #agd #bf #bi #fe #hj ,no4 :o _h s]v$ ?ree ye>s or m 9 _! pres5t *>ges #fd #aj #i #bh #bg ,no4 :o _h s]v$ f\r ye>s or m 9 _! pres5t *>ges #ah #c #c #b #ac ,no4 :o _h s]v$ five ye>s or m 9 _! pres5t *>ges #h #a #b #a #e ,no4 :o _h s]v$ six ye>s or m 9 _! pres5t ,less *>ges #c ?an #j #j #c "o ,no4 :o _h s]v$ sev5 ye>s or m 9 _! pres5t *>ges #a #j #j #a ,no4 :o _h s]v$ eight ye>s or m 9 _! pres5t *>ges #a #j #j #a ,9 ,table ,,vii x appe>s t 9 #b ( ! #a1agj /rictly rural t[n%ips !re is a *ur* = ea* #ii p]sons or less2 t 9 #bbg t[n%ips !re are f #ajj to #aii p]sons to a *ur*2 t 9 #ddf !re are f #bjj to #bii p]sons2 t 9 #bgj t[n%ips !re are f #cjj to #cii2 t 9 #abb t[n%ips !re are f #djj to #dii2 t 9 #ec t[n%ips !re are f #ejj to #eii2 & t 9 #de t[n%ips !re are #fjj p]sons or m to a *ur*4 ,9 o!r words1 9 #fge1 or #eh p] c5t1 ( ! t[n%ips1 !re are less ?an #cjj p]sons1 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 to a *ur*2 9 #ide1 or #ha p] c5t1 ( ! t[n%ips1 !re are less ?an #djj2 9 #a1jfg1 or #ia p] c5t1 !re are less ?an #ejj2 :ile 9 #ajc1 or only #i p] c5t1 !re are m ?an #ejj p]sons to a *ur*4 ,,table ,,vii ,,av]age ,,numb] ,,( ,,p]sons ,,to ,a ,,*ur* ,,9 #a1agj ,,rural ,,t[n%ips ,av]age ,no4 ( p]sons ,no4 ( ,p] c5t to a *ur* t[n%ips #a-ii #b ,less ?an #a #ajj-aii #bbg #ai #bjj-bii #ddf #ch #cjj-cii #bgj #bc #djj-dii #abb #aj #ejj-eii #ec #e ,m ?an #eii #de #d ,t[n%ips )\t any *ur* #e ,less ?an #a ,less ?an #cjj to a *ur* #fge #eh ,less ?an #djj to a *ur* #ide #ha ,less ?an #ejj to a *ur* #a1jfg #ia ,m ?an #ejj to a *ur* #ajc #i ,9 ,table ,,viii a comp>ison is made betwe5 city & c\ntry4 ,accord+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c5sus ( #aiaj ! population ( ,ohio numb]$ #d1gfg1aba1 ! *ur*es #i1hij1 or #dhb p]sons to a *ur*4 ,accord+ to ! data ga!r$ 9 ?is survey 9 ! #a1agj /rictly rural t[n%ips ! *ur*es numb] #f1jfj4 ,9 #aiaj ! population 9 ^! t[n%ips numb]$ #a1fic1hid4 ,assum+ t !re has be5 no *ange 9 ! population s9ce #aiaj1 !re is n[ "o *ur* = ea* #bhj p]sons4 ,b f #aijj to #aiaj !re 0 a decl9e ( m ?an #c p] c5t 9 ! population ( ^! t[n%ips4 ,if we assume t ?is decl9e has cont9u$ s9ce #aiaj !re are to-day on ! av]age less ?an #bhj m51 wom51 & *ildr51 *ur* p & non-*ur* p1 to give & d all t mu/ be giv5 & done = ea* c\ntry *ur* 9 ,ohio4 ,9 su* a /ate ( facts1 pov]ty & weakness are inevitable4 ,^u ! same assumption ( no *ange 9 population or numb] ( *ur*es s9ce #aiaj1 !re are 9 ! #agc suburban t[n%ips #cdb1jgg p]sons & #ehb *ur*es1 or #ehg p]sons to a *ur*1 :ile 9 ! l>ge t[ns & cities !re are #b1gca1aej p]sons & only #c1bdh *ur*es1 or #hda p]sons to a *ur*4 ,z comp>$ ) ! city *ur* ! c\ntry *ur* obvi\sly has a v mu* small] opportunity to enl>ge its att5dance & increase its support & memb]%ip until "s me?od ( comb9+ c\ntry *ur*es %all h be5 put into successful op]ation4 ,,table ,,viii ,,av]age ,,numb] ,,( ,,p]sons ,,to ,a ,,*ur* ,key3 #a ,/ate ( ,ohio #b #a1agj /rictly rural t[n%ips #c #agc suburban t[n%ips #d ,l>ge t[ns & cities #a #b #c #d ,population #d1gfg1aba #a1fic1hid #cdb1jgg #b1gca1aej ,no4 ( *ur*es #i1hij #f1jfj #ehb #c1bdh ,no4 ( p]sons to a *ur* #dhb #bhj #ehg #hda ,complete data = m9i/]s' sal>ies are n available1 b ! am\nt ( ! m9i/]'s pay is indicat$ by ! figures 9 ! (ficial records ( ! two d5om9ations :i* h ! l>ge/ numb] ( rural *ur*es4 ,!re 7 9 #aiag1 #fhh pa/ors ( rural *ur*es ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur*4 7,see ,table ,,ix47 ,^! receiv$1 on an av]age1 #iic p] ye>1 or #heg & free use ( p>sonage4 ,six hundr$ & sixty-two m9i/]s1 or #if p] c5t1 receiv$ less ?an #a1ejj p] ye>2 #eac1 or #ge p] c5t1 receiv$ less ?an #a1bjj p] ye>2 :ile #cjc1 or #dd p] c5t1 receiv$ less ?an #a1jjj4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,bre?r5 ,*ur*1 accord+ to ! records ( its ,conf]5ces1 9 #aiag !re 7 #ahh pa/ors ( rural *ur*es4 7,see ,table ,x47 ,_! av]age sal>y 0 #ghg1 or #fhj & free use ( p>sonage2 n "o receiv$ z mu* z #a1ejj sal>y2 #aga1 or all b #ag1 receiv$ less ?an #a1bjj2 :ile #ace1 or #gb p] c5t1 receiv$ less ?an #a1jjj4 ,n only are m9i/]s giv5 inadequate pay1 b ! rate ( its increase 9 relation to ! increase 9 ! co/ ( liv+ gives no promise ( its becom+ adequate4 ,9 ! ,ohio ,conf]5ce ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur* ! av]age sal>y ( ! c\ntry m9i/] 9 #aije 0 #gcc1 includ+ ! e/imat$ r5tal value ( p>sonage1 :ile 9 #aiae x 0 #iae1 mak+ an increase ( #ahb1 or #be p] c5t1 9 t5 ye>s4 ,dur+ ! same p]iod1 h[ev]1 accord+ to data suppli$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,bureau ( ,labor ,/ati/ics1 ! retail prices ( food consum$ by ! ord9>y work+man's family 9 ! nation increas$ no less ?an #cg p] c5t4 ,x is probable1 on ! o!r h&1 t ! f>m]s h a con/antly increas+ ability to pay1 = 9 ! t5-ye> p]iod f #aijj to #aiaj !re 01 accord+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c5sus reports1 an increase 9 ! total value ( f>m prop]ty 9 ! ,/ate ( ne>ly #fj p] c5t4 ,,table ,,ix ,,sal>ies ,,( ,,me?odi/ ,,episcopal ,,c\ntry ,,m9i/]s1 #aiag ,key3 #a ,no4 ( m9i/]s #b ,av]age sal>y 7includ+ e/imat$ r5tal value ( p>sonage7 #c ,no4 ( *>ges giv+ sal>ies less ?an #a1ejj #d ,p] c5t #e ,no4 ( *>ges giv+ sal>ies less ?an #a1bjj #f ,p] c5t #g ,no4 ( *>ges giv+ sal>ies less ?an #a1jjj #h ,p] c5t #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h ,/ate #fhh #iic #ffb #if #eac #ge #cjc #dd ,ohio ,conf]5ce #aea #igb #ade #if #aaj #gc #gi #eb ,we/ ,ohio ,conf]5ce #bcg #a1jjd #bcj #ig #ahd #gh #hg #cg ,nor!a/ ,ohio ,conf]5ce #cjj #iie #bhg #if #bai #gc #acg #df ,,table ,x ,,sal>ies ,,( ,,c\ntry ,,m9i/]s1 ,,unit$ ,,bre?r5 ,,9 ,,*ri/1 #aiag ,key3 #a ,no4 ( m9i/]s #b ,av]age sal>ies 7includ+ e/imat$ r5tal value ( p>sonage7 #c ,sal>ies less ?an #a1ejj #d ,p] c5t #e ,sal>ies less ?an #a1bjj #f ,p] c5t #g ,sal>ies less ?an #a1jjj #h ,p] c5t #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h ,/ate #ahh #ghg #ahh #ajj #aga #ia #ace #gb ,s&usky ,conf]5ce #fc #hff #fc #ajj #eh #ib #ci #fb ,s\!a/ ,ohio ,conf]5ce #dg #fhg #dg #ajj #dc #ia #cg #gi ,miami ,conf]5ce #db #ggi #db #ajj #cg #hh #cj #ga ,ea/ ,ohio ,conf]5ce #cf #ghg #cf #ajj #cc #ib #bi #hj ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,tabul> ,,summ>y ,,by ,,c\nties ,table ,f is a summ>y ( ! pr9cipal facts disclos$ by ?is inve/igation4 ,^! facts are giv5 = ! /rictly rural t[n%ips 9 ea* ( ! diff]5t c\nties4 ,!y d n include ! urban or suburban t[n%ips4 ,be+ int5d$ to pres5t ! facts only z to ! rural "p ( ea* c\nty1 !y %\ld n be us$ z repres5t+ entire c\nties or ! ,/ate z a :ole4 ,9 ! t5-ye> p]iod f #aijj to #aiaj !re 0 a decl9e 9 ! population ( ! /rictly rural t[n%ips ( #c4f p] c5t4 ,9 only #ba c\nties out ( ! total ( #hh did ! rural t[n%ips increase 9 population1 & mo/ ( ^! are 9 m9+ & manufactur+ regions4 ,9 ! /rictly agricultural p>ts ( ,frankl91 ,fairfield1 ,miami & ,lick+ ,c\nties !re 0 an increase ( f #b to #e p] c5t1 9 ,m$9a & ,wayne ( less ?an #a p] c5t4 ,9 ! o!r #fg c\nties !re 0 a decl9e1 rang+ all ! way f #a p] c5t 9 ,erie1 ,geauga1 & ,hamilton to #ag p] c5t 9 ,pauld+4 ,! av]age population ( ! /rictly rural t[n%ips v>ies f #ijd 9 ,knox ,c\nty to #b1gdc 9 ,miami1 & av]ages #a1ddh = ! ,/ate4 ,! numb] ( rural *ur*es = a c\nty v>ies f #cb 9 ,s&usky & ,lake ,c\nties to #acj 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,! numb] ( *ur*es to a t[n%ip is five = ! ,/ate1 b v>ies f #c 9 ,portage1 ,huron1 ,delaw>e1 ,geauga1 ,cuyahoga1 & ,a%tabula ,c\nties to #i 9 ,all5 & ,/>k4 ,! av]age numb] ( p]sons to ea* c\ntry *ur* is #bhj = ! ,/ate1 b v>ies f #ahb 9 ,v9ton ,c\nty to #dcc 9 ,cuyahoga4 ,! numb] ( op5 c\ntry *ur*es v>ies f #e 9 ,butl] ,c\nty to #hb 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,! numb] ( *ur*es ) a resid5t m9i/] v>ies f #i 9 ,jackson ,c\nty to #de 9 ,wood4 ,! numb] ( *ur*es )\t a resid5t m9i/] v>ies f #ag 9 ,lake ,c\nty to #ajc 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,^? ) full "t s]vice ( a m9i/] v>y 9 numb] f #a 9 ,pickaway1 ,noble1 & ,jackson ,c\nties to #be 9 ,columbiana & ,wayne4 ,9 "o c\nty1 ,wy&ot1 !re are no *ur*es )\t "s "p ( a m9i/]'s "t4 ,9 ,cl]mont ,c\nty !re are no less ?an #cj ( !m4 ,,table ,f ,,summ>y ,,by ,,c\nties ,,( ,,data ,,= ,,! #a1agj ,,/rictly ,,rural ,,t[n%ips 7,exclud+ t[n%ips 9 :i* ! population is urban1 9 :i* are villages ( m ?an #b1ejj inhabitants or 9 :i* are p>ts ( l>ge t[n or city p>i%es1 & ^? :i* bord] on cities & l>ge t[ns47 #a4 ,population = #aiaj4 #b4 ,population = #aijj4 #c4 ,p] c5t increase 77 or decrease 7-74 #d4 ,no4 ( /rictly rural t[n%ips4 #e4 ,av]age ,no4 ( p]sons to a t[n%ip4 #f4 ,no4 ( *ur*es4 #g4 ,av]age ,no4 ( *ur*es to a t[n%ip4 #h4 ,av]age ,no4 ( p]sons to a *ur*4 #i4 ,no4 ( *ur*es ) a resid5t m9i/]4 #aj4 ,no4 ( *ur*es )\t a resid5t m9i/]4 #aa4 ,no4 ( *ur*es ) full "t s]vice ( a m9i/]4 #ab4 ,no4 ( *ur*es ) #a_/b ( a m9i/]'s s]vice4 #ac4 ,no4 ( *ur*es ) #a_/c ( a m9i/]'s s]vice4 #ad4 ,no4 ( *ur*es ) #a_/d ( a m9i/]'s s]vice4 #ae4 ,no4 ( *ur*es ) less ?an #a_/d ( a m9i/]'s s]vice4 #af4 ,no4 ( *ur*es ) no regul> s]vice ( a m9i/]4 #ag4 ,no4 ( *ur*es = :i* m9i/]ial s]vice data are n available4 #ah4 ,no4 ( *ur*es ) f #a to #be memb]s4 #ai4 ,no4 ( *ur*es ) f #bf to #ej memb]s4 #bj4 ,no4 ( *ur*es ) f #ea to #ge memb]s4 #ba4 ,no4 ( *ur*es ) f #gf to #ajj memb]s4 #bb4 ,no4 ( *ur*es ) f #aja to #aej memb]s4 #bc4 ,no4 ( *ur*es ) f #aea to #bjj memb]s4 #bd4 ,no4 ( *ur*es ) m ?an #bjj memb]s4 #be4 ,no4 ( *ur*es ^: memb]%ip is n report$4 #bf4 ,no4 ( *ur*es 9 villages conta9+ f #ea to #b1ejj inhabitants4 #bg4 ,no4 ( *ur*es 9 ! op5 c\ntry 7includ+ villages ( less ?an #ea inhabitants74 #bh4 ,no4 ( t[n%ips f #a to #ajj p]sons to a *ur*4 #bi4 ,no4 ( t[n%ips ) f #aja to #bjj p]sons to a *ur*4 #cj4 ,no4 ( t[n%ips ) f #bja to #cjj p]sons to a *ur*4 #ca4 ,no4 ( t[n%ips ) f #cja to #djj p]sons to a *ur*4 #cb4 ,no4 ( t[n%ips ) f #dja to #ejj p]sons to a *ur*4 #cc4 ,no4 ( t[n%ips ) f #eja to #fjj p]sons to a *ur*4 #cd4 ,no4 ( t[n%ips ) m ?an #fjj p]sons to a *ur*4 #ce4 ,no4 ( villages conta9+ f #ea to #bjj inhabitants4 #cf4 ,no4 ( villages conta9+ f #ea to #bjj inhabitants hav+ a resid5t m9i/]4 #cg4 ,no4 ( m9i/]s resid5t 9 villages conta9+ f #ea to #bjj inhabitants4 #ch4 ,no4 ( villages conta9+ f #bja to #ejj inhabitants4 #ci4 ,no4 ( villages conta9+ f #bja to #ejj inhabitants hav+ a resid5t m9i/]4 #dj4 ,no4 ( m9i/]s resid5t 9 villages conta9+ f #bja to #ejj inhabitants4 #da4 ,no4 ( villages ( m ?an #ejj inhabitants4 #db4 ,no4 ( villages ( m ?an #ejj inhabitants hav+ a resid5t m9i/]4 #dc4 ,no4 ( m9i/]s resid5t 9 villages ( m ?an #ejj inhabitants4 #dd4 ,no4 ( villages ( #bja to #b1ejj inhabitants )\t a *ur*4 #de4 ,no4 ( villages ( #ea to #bjj inhabitants )\t a *ur*4 ,key3 ,a ,/ate ,b ,adams ,c ,all5 ,d ,a%l& ,e ,a%tabula ,f ,a!ns ,g ,auglaize ,h ,belmont ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h 7#a7 #a1fic1iea #bd1gee #ad1hbj #ae1jdf #bd1dbj #ag1cgb #ae1hjc #cc1baf 7#b7 #a1geb1icd #bf1cbh #ae1beb #ae1hfj #bc1fag #af1cec #af1iga #bf1jjc 7#c7 -#c4c -#h -#e -#e #c4c #f -#g #bg4e 7#d7 #a1agj #ad #g #ad #bd #aa #aa #ac 7#e7 #a1ddh #a1gfh #b1aag #a1jge #a1jah #a1egi #a1dcg #b1eee 7#f7 #f1jfj #ic #fb #fe #gh #gf #dd #if 7#g7 #e #g #i #e #c #g #d #g 7#h7 #bhj #bff #bcg #bca #cac #bbi #cei #ceb 7#i7 #b1jec #bd #be #ce #cf #af #ad #cj 7#aj7 #d1jjg #fi #cg #cj #db #fj #cj #ff 7#aa7 #ihb #aa #aa #ah #bd #b #aj #ad 7#ab7 #a1eha #ae #ba #bd #ai #b #aj #bg 7#ac7 #a1abe #bh #ag #ad #af #aj #g #ae 7#ad7 #igj #aj #i #d #h #ah #ab #aj 7#ae7 #fbi #ab #a #j #j #cj #b #ad 7#af7 #gba #ag #c #e #aa #ad #a #af 7#ag7 #eb #j #j #j #j #j #b #j 7#ah7 #fea #ab #f #e #ae #ai #j #g 7#ai7 #a1aff #bd #ag #d #ah #bc #af #ag 7#bj7 #hhg #af #i #ad #af #ag #e #ad 7#ba7 #fdg #e #g #i #f #i #d #af 7#bb7 #geg #aa #i #ab #aa #d #c #h 7#bc7 #cge #d #h #f #c #j #b #h 7#bd7 #deh #g #f #e #e #j #e #ac 7#be7 #a1aai #ad #j #aj #d #d #i #ac 7#bf7 #c1bec #cg #cb #ch #ej #cf #be #fa 7#bg7 #b1hjg #ef #cj #bg #bh #da #ai #ce 7#bh7 #b #j #j #j #j #j #j #j 7#bi7 #bbg #a #b #c #d #g #j #b 7#cj7 #ddf #h #d #f #f #c #f #d 7#ca7 #bgj #d #a #c #h #j #b #a 7#cb7 #abb #j #j #b #c #j #a #e 7#cc7 #ec #a #j #j #a #a #a #j 7#cd7 #de #j #j #j #b #j #a #a 7#ce7 #fgg #i #b #e #ae4e #i #e #ac 7#cf7 #bcc4e #a #a #c #f4e #b #a #d 7#cg7 #bga #a #a #e #h #b #a #d 7#ch7 #dhh #e #e #f #aa #i #e #h 7#ci7 #cfj #b #e #e #h #f #c #g 7#dj7 #ecf #d #aj #ac #ac #aa #d #h 7#da7 #cag4e #d #b #b #d #b #c #h 7#db7 #cjg4e #d #b #b #d #b #c #g 7#dc7 #hif #ad #i #aj #aa #d #f #ah 7#dd7 #d #j #j #j #j #j #j #j 7#de7 #aae #b #j #a #j #j #a #a ,key3 ,a ,br[n ,b ,butl] ,c ,c>roll ,d ,*ampaign ,e ,cl>k ,f ,cl]mont ,g ,cl9ton ,h ,columbiana ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h 7#a7 #bd1hcb #aa1jde #ae1gfa #ag1dbh #af1dce #bi1eea #ag1dfe #ai1hij 7#b7 #bh1bcg #ab1dcf #aa1hed #ah1fbf #ag1jgh #ca1faj #ah1ggi #bj1bfj 7#c7 -#ab -#aa #cc -#f4d -#c4e -#f4g -#f4i -#b 7#d7 #af #g #ad #aa #i #ad #ab #ab 7#e7 #a1eeb #a1egh #a1abf #a1ehd #a1hbf #b1aaa #a1dee #a1feg 7#f7 #gi #cf #eh #fj #ef #aai #eb #fi 7#g7 #e #e #d #e #f #h #d #f 7#h7 #cad #cjg #bgb #bij #bic #bdi #ccf #bhh 7#i7 #bb #af #ba #bc #bb #cb #bf #cb 7#aj7 #eg #bj #cg #cg #cd #hg #bf #cg 7#aa7 #aj #i #e #ab #ad #ac #bb #be 7#ab7 #bc #ac #ai #bj #aa #ca #i #ai 7#ac7 #ad #h #ac #aa #ae #af #e #i 7#ad7 #ad #j #ab #f #aj #ad #f #f 7#ae7 #aj #b #e #d #a #ae #f #j 7#af7 #h #c #d #g #e #cj #d #aj 7#ag7 #j #a #j #j #j #j #j #j 7#ah7 #aj #d #b #c #c #be #a #e 7#ai7 #ae #c #aa #g #h #cf #f #g 7#bj7 #i #d #g #h #f #bc #h #ac 7#ba7 #ab #e #d #d #i #e #b #i 7#bb7 #ac #f #aj #aa #h #f #h #af 7#bc7 #d #b #h #b #b #h #d #e 7#bd7 #g #c #c #e #f #i #f #aj 7#be7 #i #i #ac #bj #ad #g #ag #d 7#bf7 #da #ca #cg #ce #cf #hc #dj #dc 7#bg7 #ch #e #ba #be #bj #cf #ab #bf 7#bh7 #j #j #j #j #j #j #j #j 7#bi7 #a #j #c #j #a #f #j #j 7#cj7 #h #d #e #g #d #d #c #g 7#ca7 #e #b #c #c #b #c #f #d 7#cb7 #a #a #a #a #a #j #j #j 7#cc7 #a #j #a #j #a #a #b #a 7#cd7 #j #j #a #j #j #j #a #j 7#ce7 #h #f #f #aj #g #bd #aj #h 7#cf7 #d #b #b #d #c #d #c #e 7#cg7 #d #b #b #e #c #e #c #f 7#ch7 #e #g #d #d #h4e #h #f4e #h 7#ci7 #d #e #c #d #f #f #e4e #e 7#dj7 #f #g #g #f #aj #g #h #g 7#da7 #e #a #c4e #c #b #g #c #b 7#db7 #e #a #c #c #b #g #c #b 7#dc7 #aj #e #aa #i #g #ag #aa #i 7#dd7 #j #j #j #j #j #j #j #j 7#de7 #a #c #a #j #b #c #j #e ,key3 ,a ,co%octon ,b ,craw=d ,c ,cuyahoga ,d ,d>ke ,e ,defiance ,f ,delaw>e ,g ,erie ,h ,fairfield ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h 7#a7 #ai1cbd #ab1gdi #ai1ibh #cj1gjb #ae1fah #ag1aaj #ad1hjd #ag1aic 7#b7 #bj1iih #ad1bbe #ag1dff #ca1bic #ag1jha #ag1dfa #ad1ibc #af1gef 7#c7 -#h -#aj4e #ad -#a4h -#h4e -#b -#a #b 7#d7 #ba #ac #ad #ah #aj #ag #i #i 7#e7 #ibj #iha #a1dbc #a1gjf #a1efb #a1jjf #a1fde #a1hba 7#f7 #ha #ea #df #if #fb #ei #da #gd 7#g7 #d #d #c #e #f #c #e #h 7#h7 #bci #bej #dcc #cbj #beb #bij #cfa #bbb 7#i7 #ag #ah #bc #cf #af #ad #be #bb 7#aj7 #fd #cc #bc #fj #df #de #af #eb 7#aa7 #e #ac #ae #bb #aa #f #ae #d 7#ab7 #bb #ab #bc #bf #i #bd #bj #ah 7#ac7 #i #ac #b #ad #ad #ad #b #af 7#ad7 #bg #f #j #ag #i #g #j #bi 7#ae7 #aj #e #j #e #ac #j #j #f 7#af7 #g #a #e #aa #e #h #d #a 7#ag7 #a #a #a #a #a #j #j #j 7#ah7 #f #a #d #c #ac #i #e #g 7#ai7 #aj #ab #ab #ah #ag #aj #g #ad 7#bj7 #aa #g #c #ah #f #i #a #ab 7#ba7 #aj #g #g #ac #e #ab #c #i 7#bb7 #aa #h #e #af #e #i #i #af 7#bc7 #c #b #b #g #j #b #a #f 7#bd7 #d #e #d #aj #e #c #c #d 7#be7 #bf #i #i #aa #aa #e #ab #f 7#bf7 #dg #ba #cj #ea #bc #cj #cc #cg 7#bg7 #cd #cj #af #de #ci #bi #h #cg 7#bh7 #j #j #j #j #j #j #j #j 7#bi7 #f #e #j #a #b #d #j #b 7#cj7 #f #d #d #e #e #c #c #g 7#ca7 #h #c #c #h #c #e #c #j 7#cb7 #a #a #c #d #j #b #b #j 7#cc7 #j #j #a #j #j #b #j #j 7#cd7 #j #j #c #j #j #a #a #j 7#ce7 #bj4e #h #e #ad #b #i #f #e 7#cf7 #g #d #c #f #a #a #b #b 7#cg7 #i #d #d #h #a #a #b #b 7#ch7 #e4e #c #f #h4e #d #g #j #g 7#ci7 #b #b #e #d #j #f #j #f 7#dj7 #c #c #g #e #j #i #j #aa 7#da7 #b #a #c #d4e #b #b #f #c 7#db7 #b #a #c #d4e #b #b #f #c 7#dc7 #e #d #f #aj #h #c #ba #h 7#dd7 #j #j #j #j #j #j #j #j 7#de7 #j #b #j #d #j #j #d #a ,key3 ,a ,fayette ,b ,frankl9 ,c ,fulton ,d ,gallia ,e ,geauga ,f ,gre5e ,g ,gu]nsey ,h ,hamilton ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h 7#a7 #ab1cdb #be1bdf #ai1eca #ai1edf #ad1fgj #ag1gbd #ba1gja #ac1dhg 7#b7 #ac1ceg #bd1jbc #ah1ggg #bj1igc #ad1gdd #ai1bhd #ba1cfi #ac1fdd 7#c7 -#h #e #d -#g -#a -#h #b -#a 7#d7 #i #ad #aa #ad #af #aa #ag #f 7#e7 #a1cga #a1hjc #a1ggf #a1cif #iag #a1faa #a1bgg #b1bdh 7#f7 #dh #gc #ef #ii #dj #fd #ha #dj 7#g7 #e #e #e #g #c #f #e #g 7#h7 #beg #cdf #cdi #aig #cfg #bgg #bfh #ccg 7#i7 #aj #bf #bd #ad #ai #bh #bf #ah 7#aj7 #ch #dg #cb #he #ba #cf #ee #bb 7#aa7 #c #ac #ac #c #aa #ag #h #ab 7#ab7 #h #ab #ae #g #i #ai #bb #g 7#ac7 #g #bd #i #ad #aj #af #af #f 7#ad7 #aj #ah #aj #ac #j #e #ba #f 7#ae7 #ai #j #b #dh #j #c #e #c 7#af7 #a #e #d #ad #aj #d #h #f 7#ag7 #j #a #c #j #j #j #a #j 7#ah7 #g #a #aa #h #d #d #g #a 7#ai7 #ac #h #g #bi #ab #i #ad #e 7#bj7 #i #h #h #ag #f #ab #af #g 7#ba7 #f #aj #f #ab #b #h #ae #a 7#bb7 #e #ah #f #e #g #af #ab #c 7#bc7 #b #b #d #b #c #c #i #d 7#bd7 #b #i #d #c #a #g #f #f 7#be7 #d #ag #aj #bc #e #e #b #ac 7#bf7 #bc #dd #bf #bi #bf #ci #da #bd 7#bg7 #be #bi #cj #gj #ad #be #dj #af 7#bh7 #j #j #j #j #j #j #j #j 7#bi7 #b #j #a #g #a #b #e #a 7#cj7 #c #d #c #f #d #d #f #a 7#ca7 #c #f #c #a #d #d #b #b 7#cb7 #a #a #b #j #c #j #c #b 7#cc7 #j #b #j #j #a #a #j #j 7#cd7 #j #j #b #j #c #j #a #j 7#ce7 #g #f #a #ac #e #e #g #d 7#cf7 #b #b #j #d #b #c #a #b 7#cg7 #b #b #j #d #c #c #a #b 7#ch7 #d #h #d #e #d #d4e #f #b 7#ci7 #b #e #c #d #d #c #f #a 7#dj7 #b #g #d #e #e #f #aa #a 7#da7 #b #e #d #j #c #d #f #d4e 7#db7 #b #e #d #j #c #d #f #d4e 7#dc7 #d #ad #ag #j #h #af #ac #aa 7#dd7 #j #j #j #j #j #j #j #j 7#de7 #d #a #c #a #j #j #j #j ,key3 ,a ,hancock ,b ,h>d9 ,c ,h>rison ,d ,h5ry ,e ,highl& ,f ,hock+ ,g ,holmes ,h ,huron ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h 7#a7 #ag1ghb #bj1hfc #ai1jgf #ai1ihh #ag1chb #af1icd #ag1iji #ae1ecb 7#b7 #ah1ihh #ba1hdg #bj1dhf #bb1cfh #ai1ejd #ai1ahc #ai1eaa #ad1add 7#c7 -#g -#d -#f -#aa -#aa -#ab -#h #aj 7#d7 #ad #ac #ae #ab #ae #aj #ad #ae 7#e7 #a1bgj #a1fje #a1bgb #a1fff #a1aei #a1fic #a1bgi #a1jce 7#f7 #gh #ff #gc #fc #fi #gb #fb #di 7#g7 #f #e #e #e #e #g #d #c 7#h7 #bbh #caf #bfa #cag #beb #bce #bhi #cag 7#i7 #bc #bj #cj #bf #ai #aj #bi #ba 7#aj7 #ee #df #dc #cg #ej #fb #cc #bh 7#aa7 #i #i #h #aj #g #b #aj #ab 7#ab7 #bb #ad #bf #ah #aa #f #ce #bc 7#ac7 #af #ag #ag #bc #ab #ab #h #g 7#ad7 #bf #h #bj #f #ae #g #a #c 7#ae7 #j #h #j #a #i #cc #j #j 7#af7 #e #h #b #d #ab #aj #h #d 7#ag7 #j #b #j #a #c #b #j #j 7#ah7 #h #a #e #h #d #e #aj #g 7#ai7 #ae #g #h #aa #ae #aa #h #h 7#bj7 #ae #aj #ad #aj #aj #g #e #g 7#ba7 #ab #aj #ab #h #e #c #g #i 7#bb7 #ag #e #af #g #g #b #aa #g 7#bc7 #e #e #g #b #g #c #aa #d 7#bd7 #d #f #i #h #d #a #i #b 7#be7 #b #bb #b #i #ag #dj #a #e 7#bf7 #cj #cj #di #ci #cf #bb #bi #ce 7#bg7 #dh #cf #bd #bd #cc #ej #cc #ad 7#bh7 #j #j #j #j #j #j #j #j 7#bi7 #e #a #c #a #b #g #b #b 7#cj7 #g #d #f #e #h #a #g #d 7#ca7 #a #g #d #c #e #a #b #d 7#cb7 #j #a #a #a #j #j #b #b 7#cc7 #j #j #a #a #j #a #j #b 7#cd7 #a #j #j #a #j #j #a #a 7#ce7 #e #c #g #f #aa #a #e4e #f 7#cf7 #j #a #c #j #c #j #c4e #a 7#cg7 #j #a #d #j #c #j #d #a 7#ch7 #g #d #f #d #f #f #g4e #b 7#ci7 #g #c #d #b #f #b #g #a 7#dj7 #ac #d #h #c #h #c #aj #a 7#da7 #b #e #f #e #b #c #a #e 7#db7 #b #e #f #e #b #a #a #e 7#dc7 #g #ac #ag #ag #e #c #e #ag 7#dd7 #j #j #j #j #j #a #j #j 7#de7 #j #b #a #d #c #j #j #a ,key3 ,a ,jackson ,b ,jeff]son ,c ,knox ,d ,lake ,e ,lawr5ce ,f ,lick+ ,g ,logan ,h ,lora9 ,i ,lucas ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i 7#a7 #aj1iif #bi1bfb #ah1ihi #ac1cbf #bc1bjb #bh1egc #bj1cca #bb1afg #ad1bcj 7#b7 #ab1jji #ah1iei #ai1ieg #ab1cih #bd1fdd #bg1gae #bb1dah #ba1cbh #ac1dif 7#c7 -#h #ee -#e #g -#f #c -#aj #d #e 7#d7 #i #aa #ba #g #ac 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#g 7#da7 #b #d #f #d4e #d #c #a #b4e #b 7#db7 #b #d #f #d4e #d #b #a #b4e #b 7#dc7 #c #ad #bj #ab #h #f #b #aa #e 7#dd7 #j #j #j #j #j #j #j #j #j 7#de7 #b #a #b #j #b #d #j #b #b ,key3 ,a ,/>k ,b ,summit ,c ,trumbull ,d ,tusc>awas ,e ,union ,f ,van ,w]t ,g ,v9ton ,h ,w>r5 ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h 7#a7 #cj1ihd #aa1fhf #bc1ddi #bb1chg #ag1ahc #ad1ihb #ac1jif #ae1ahh 7#b7 #ca1fda #aa1dca #bb1jcj #bb1iig #ah1jgf #af1fhb #ae1ccj #ae1hfa 7#c7 -#b #b #f -#c -#e -#aj -#ae -#d 7#d7 #ac #aj #ba #ah #ac #i #ab #i 7#e7 #b1chc #a1afi #a1aag #a1bdd #a1cbb #a1ffe #a1jia #a1fhh 7#f7 #aab #db #gd #hc #fc #fc #gb #ef 7#g7 #i #d #d #e #e #g #f #f 7#h7 #bgg #cgh #cag #bgj #bgc #bci #ahb #bga 7#i7 #dc #ag #bf #be #ag #af #af #ah 7#aj7 #fi #be #dh #eh #df #dg #ef #ch 7#aa7 #ah #g #ah #h #g #c #i #h 7#ab7 #ea #ag #ce #bj #ag #ag #i #ai 7#ac7 #bb #aj #ab #bd #ab #ah #g #ab 7#ad7 #ab #e #j #bj #ae #ah #af #e 7#ae7 #j #j #j #d #a #b #be #g 7#af7 #i #c #i #g #i #d #f #e 7#ag7 #j #j #j #j #b #a #j #j 7#ah7 #aj #aa #ac #e #g #e #ba #f 7#ai7 #af #h #e #ae #af #d #bg #ae 7#bj7 #aa #i #ba #af #aj #aj #i #i 7#ba7 #ag #f #f #f #d #h #d #aa 7#bb7 #be #b #h #f #h #g #h #c 7#bc7 #ac #a #f #h #e #c #a #e 7#bd7 #h #a #i #h #c #e #a #a 7#be7 #aa #d #f #ai #aj #ba #a #f 7#bf7 #gd #cj #dg #dh #cg #bb #bi #ce 7#bg7 #ch #ab #bg #ce #bf #da #dc #ba 7#bh7 #j #j #j #a #j #j #j #j 7#bi7 #j #a #b #d #b #b #i #a 7#cj7 #g #e #h #d #h #e #a #d 7#ca7 #e #a #f #d #a #b #b #c 7#cb7 #a #c #d #d #a #j #j #j 7#cc7 #j #j #a #j #a #j #j #a 7#cd7 #j #j #j #a #j #j #j #j 7#ce7 #g #e #ac #g #aj #f #aj #h 7#cf7 #b #d #d #a #g #b #d #j 7#cg7 #c #f #d #a #g #b #d #j 7#ch7 #ae #e #f #aa #d #c4e #c #e 7#ci7 #ab #b #b #f #b #c4e #b #e 7#dj7 #ac #c #c #aj #b #e #d #g 7#da7 #g #b #e #d #b4e #c #b #d 7#db7 #g #b #e #d #a #c #b #d 7#dc7 #ba #e #ab #h #e #f #f #i 7#dd7 #j #j #j #a #j #j #j #j 7#de7 #a #b #b #a #a #b #j #j ,key3 ,a ,wa%+ton ,b ,wayne ,c ,williams ,d ,wood ,e ,wy&ot ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e 7#a7 #bi1dji #bd1jgi #af1chd #cb1iea #ae1haa 7#b7 #cb1dha #bc1hie #ag1ddj #cg1cgh #af1ejh 7#c7 -#i 4#g -#f -#ab -#d 7#d7 #ba #ac #aj #af #ab 7#e7 #a1djj #a1heb #a1fch #b1jei #a1cah 7#f7 #acj #hd #ff #aje #ej 7#g7 #f #f #g #g #d 7#h7 #bbf #bii #bdh #cad #caf 7#i7 #bg #db #bb #de #bb 7#aj7 #ajc #db #dd #fj #bh 7#aa7 #f #be #g #bc #e 7#ab7 #ai #cc #ah #bb #ac 7#ac7 #cd #ab #ai #bi #bc 7#ad7 #ba #h #ae #f #i 7#ae7 #bb #j #d #aa #j 7#af7 #bh #f #c #h #j 7#ag7 #j #j #j #f #j 7#ah7 #bf #b #h #aj #d 7#ai7 #cf #ae #af #bj #h 7#bj7 #ag #ai #i #aa #g 7#ba7 #ah #g #d #h #c 7#bb7 #f #ai #d #ad #aa 7#bc7 #c #aj #e #ab #e 7#bd7 #c #aa #d #f #h 7#be7 #ba #a #af #bd #d 7#bf7 #dh #ej #cc #gh #be 7#bg7 #hb #cd #cc #bg #be 7#bh7 #j #j #j #j #j 7#bi7 #f #a #b #a #a 7#cj7 #ab #e #f #e #f 7#ca7 #a #e #b #f #j 7#cb7 #b #b #j #b #c 7#cc7 #j #j #j #b #b 7#cd7 #j #j #j #j #j 7#ce7 #ad #i #d #g #e 7#cf7 #d #d #b #b #b 7#cg7 #d #f #c #b #b 7#ch7 #aj #e4e #b #ad #d 7#ci7 #h #e4e #j #aa #d 7#dj7 #aj #i #j #ad #g 7#da7 #c #f #e #i #c 7#db7 #c #f #e #i #c 7#dc7 #g #ah #ag #be #aj 7#dd7 #j #j #j #j #j 7#de7 #b #a #j #d #j ,,"p ,,iii ,,! ,,c\nty ,,maps ,,explanatory ,,note ,on ! maps ! location ( ea* rural *ur* is indicat$ by a squ>e & ! resid5ce ( ea* m9i/] by a cross4 ,l9es connect ea* *ur* ) ! resid5ce ( its pa/or4 ,!re=e ! maps %[ = ea* *ur* :e!r x receives ! :ole or a "p ( a m9i/]'s s]vice1 & = ea* m9i/] h[ _m *ur*es he s]ves & ! di/ances he mu/ g to rea* !m & ! v>i\s p>ts ( 8 p>i%4 ,! capital lett]s adjac5t to ea* squ>e indicate ! d5om9ation ( ! *ur*4 ,! figures 9 p>5!ses & next to ! squ>e indicate ! enroll$ memb]%ip4 ,! figures n s enclos$ indicate ! resid5t memb]%ip4 ,! abbreviations1 ,inc41 ,/a41 & ,dec4 indicate :e!r ! memb]%ip is increas+1 /ation>y1 or decl9+4 ,increase or decl9e 9 memb]%ip1 h[ev]1 is only indicat$ :]e x 0 possible to f9d ! memb]%ip ( t5 or five ye>s ago4 ,:5 ! figures = t5 ye>s ago are available1 ^! are tak5 z a basis = comp>ison ) ! memb]%ip at ! pres5t "t4 ,(t5 ! records ( ! *ur*es are s kept z to make x impossible or v difficult to f9d ! memb]%ip ( ei!r five or t5 ye>s ago4 ,%ad$ squ>es indicate clos$ *ur*es4 ,^! h no m9i/] & hold no regul> s]vices4 ,ab&on$ *ur*es are indicat$ by black squ>es4 ,x is believ$ t l>ge numb]s ( !m 7 n report$4 ,*ur*es m>k$ ,n ,organiz$ d n appe> 9 ! tabulations4 ,9 ! nor?we/ corn] ( ea* t[n%ip is giv5 its "n1 :ile und]nea? are figures indicat+ its population4 ,! l>ge circles 9 ! t[n%ip indicate cities or t[ns ( m ?an #b1ejj inhabitants4 ,figures 9 p>5!ses indicate ! numb] ( _! population1 :i* numb] is includ$ 9 ! figures = ! t[n%ip4 ,b 9 ea* case :]e !y are n 9 p>5!ses ! t[n or city is itself a t[n%ip4 ,figures 9 an oval indicate ! numb] ( p]sons liv+ 9 ! adjac5t village or small t[n4 ,a key to ! maps is "h giv54 ,,key ,x ,m9i/]'s ,resid5ce op5 box ,*ur* )\t resid5t m9i/] solid box ,*ur* ab&on$ x'd box ,*ur* ) resid5t m9i/] l9$ box ,*ur* clos$ circle ,sunday ,s*ool or ,mission ,resid5t memb]%ip is indicat$ by num]als1 enroll$ memb]%ip by num]als 9 p>5!ses4 ,inc4 d5otes increas+ memb]%ip2 ,dec41 decreas+1 & ,/a41 /ation>y memb]%ip4 oval ,num]als 9 an oval indicate ! population ( a village4 ,,ac ,adv5t ,*ri/ian ,,ame ,african ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,br ,bre?r5 7,g]man ,bapti/7 ,br 7,,oo7 ,old ,ord] ,bre?r5 ,br 7,prog47 ,progressive ,bre?r5 ,b ,bapti/ ,b 7,miss47 ,mission>y ,bapti/ ,b 7,col47 ,color$ ,bapti/ ,b 7,unit$7 ,unit$ ,bapti/ ,,bsa ,bro!rs' ,society ( ,am]ica ,c ,*ri/ian ,ca ,ca?olic ,,cm ,calv9 ,me?odi/ ,,cma ,*ri/ian ,mission>y ,alliance ,,cnj ,*ur* ( ,new ,j]usalem ,,cs ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce ,,cu ,*ri/ian ,union ,d ,disciples ,,dnp ,disciples1 ,non-,progressive ,e ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,ev,a ,evangelical ,association ,f ,fri5ds ,,fm ,free ,me?odi/ ,,fwb ,free ,w ,bapti/ ,g ,*ur* ( ,god ,g,ev ,g]man ,evangelical ,,gme ,g]man ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,h ,hol9ess ,,iba ,int]national ,bible ,/ud5ts ,association ,l ,lu!ran ,,lds ,latt]-,day ,sa9ts ,m ,m5nonite ,mor ,moravian ,,me ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,,mp ,me?odi/ ,prote/ant ,naz ,naz>5e ,p ,presbyt]ian ,,pb ,primitive ,bapti/ ,r ,re=m$ ,,rub ,radical ,unit$ ,bre?r5 ,s ,sa9ts ,,sda ,sev5? ,day ,adv5t ,,sdb ,sev5? ,day ,bapti/ ,u ,union ,,ub ,unit$ ,bre?r5 ,,up ,unit$ ,presbyt]ian ,u,ev ,unit$ ,evangelical ,uv ,univ]sali/ ,,uss ,union ,sunday ,s*ool ,,wm ,wesleyan ,me?odi/ ,illu/ration3 ,,adams ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,all5 ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,a%l& ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,a%tabula ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,a!ns ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,auglaize ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,belmont ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,br[n ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,butl] ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,c>roll ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,*ampaign ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,cl>k ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,cl]mont ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,cl9ton ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,columbiana ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,co%octon ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,craw=d ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,cuyahoga ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,d>ke ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,defiance ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,delaw>e ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,erie ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,fairfield ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,fayette ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,frankl9 ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,fulton ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,gallia ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,geauga ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,gre5e ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,gu]nsey ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,hamilton ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,hancock ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,h>d9 ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,h>rison ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,h5ry ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,highl& ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,hock+ ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,holmes ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,huron ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,jackson ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,jeff]son ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,knox ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,lake ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,lawr5ce ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,lick+ ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,logan ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,lora9 ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,lucas ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,madison ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,mahon+ ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,m>ion ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,m$9a ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,meigs ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,m]c] ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,miami ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,monroe ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,montgom]y ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,morgan ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,morr[ ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,musk+um ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,noble ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,ottawa ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,pauld+ ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,p]ry ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,pickaway ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,pike ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,portage ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,preble ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,putnam ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,ri*l& ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,ross ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,s&usky ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,scioto ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,s5eca ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,%elby ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,/>k ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,summit ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,trumbull ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,tusc>awas ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,union ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,van ,,w]t ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,v9ton ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,w>r5 ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,wa%+ton ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,wayne ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,williams ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,wood ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,illu/ration3 ,,wy&ot ,,c\nty1 ,,ohio ,,app5dix ,,action ,,( ,,! ,,committee ,,on ,,int]*ur* ,,coop]ation ,,( ,,! ,,ohio ,,rural ,,life ,,association ,on ,june #ad & #ae1 #aiaf1 a meet+ 0 held ( ! ,committee on ,int]*ur* ,coop]ation ( ! ,ohio ,rural ,life ,association at ,columbus4 ,?is ,committee is compos$ l>gely ( sup]9t5d5ts & repres5tatives ( sev]al ( ! lead+ d5om9ations ( ! ,/ate4 ,!y met = ! purpose ( mak+ a ?or\gh /udy ( c\ntry *ur* conditions & 7 det]m9$1 if possible1 to devise a rem$y4 ,! foll[+ 7 among ^? pres5t3 ,bi%op ,wm4 ,f4 ,&]son ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur*2 ! ,rt4 ,rev4 ,!odore ,irv+ ,reese ( ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,*ur*2 ,sup]9t5d5ts1 ,i4 ,j4 ,cahill1 ,w4 ,j4 ,grimes1 ,a4 ,w4 ,jamieson1 ,rob]t ,e4 ,pugh1 ,e4 ,s4 ,ro?rock & ,om] ,s4 ,?omas ( ! ,disciples ( ,*ri/1 ! ,unit$ ,presbyt]ian1 ! ,presbyt]ian1 ! ,congregational & ,*ri/ian *ur*es2 ,dr4 ,wa%+ton ,gladd51 (ficially repres5t+ ! ,congregational *ur*es2 ,rev4 ,c4 ,w4 ,brugh1 repres5t+ ! ,re=m$ ,*ur*1 & ,rev4 ,e4 ,l4 ,av]itt1 repres5t+ ,rev4 ,tile/on ,f4 ,*amb]s1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,bapti/ *ur*es4 ,sup]9t5d5t ,rev4 ,c4 ,w4 ,kurtz ( ! ,unit$ ,bre?r51 & ,sup]9t5d5t ,c4 ,s4 ,beck ( ! ,me?odi/ ,prote/ant ,*ur* h also endors$ ! action ( ! meet+4 ,aft] a ?or\gh discussion ( rural *ur* conditions1 ! foll[+ measures 7 agre$ ^u z rem$ies3 ,int]*ur* coop]ation 9 e locality to create conditions favorable to ! developm5t ( ,*ri/ian "*1 to build a /rong1 :olesome1 attractive community1 to hold community religi\s s]vices & social ga!r+s & to r5d] all =ms ( social s]vice ne$$ 9 ! community b n r5d]$ by o!r in/itutions4 ,:]e !re is n[ no resid5t pa/or 9 a t[n%ip ! comb9+ ( all *ur*es s f> z possible ei!r 9 "o *ur* or 9 "o circuit or f$]at$ *ur* "u "o pa/or :o %\ld be held responsible = r5d]+ social & religi\s s]vice 9 ! t[n%ip4 ,to br+ ?is to pass all m9i/]s n[ visit+ & prea*+ 9 a community %\ld by _! prea*+ exalt *ri/ian unity & ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 & 9 prea*+ & p]sonal "w try to prep>e ! p = acceptance ( a policy ( community s]vice4 ,to secure coop]ation ( m9i/]s3 ,prep>ation & s5d+ ( bullet9s to e pa/or1 conta9+ program & mak+ cle> reasons = adopt+ x4 ,prep>ation & s5d+ ( lett]s f ?is ,committee to e rural pa/or1 urg+ acceptance ( high] ideals ( s]vice z "h set =?4 ,prep>ation & s5d+ to c\ntry pa/ors ( frequ5t bullet9s conta9+ in=mation & description ( notable examples ( good c\ntry *ur* "w4 ,appo9tm5t ( sub-committees to secure action by d5om9ational bodies approv+ program ( ,committee4 ,! foll[+ /atem5ts ( policy & me?ods 7 also adopt$3 ,9 a t[n%ip or community requir+ m ?an "o *ur* or pa/or !re %\ld be a f$]ation ( *ur*es1 t is1 a jo9t committee ( pa/ors & delegates (ficially appo9t$ by ! sev]al *ur*es to le>n & meet all ne$s1 religi\s or social1 :i* require coop]ation or conc]t$ action4 ,9 communities ^: compactness p]mits & ^: population & res\rces require !re %\ld be only "o congregation & pa/or1 b :]e two or m *ur*es exi/1 *ur*es %\ld be unit$ organically 9 a s+le d5om9ational *ur*1 ! d5om9ation to be det]m9$ on ! give & take plan4 ,if organic union 9 a d5om9ational *ur* is n feasible1 a f$]at$ *ur* %\ld be =m$4 ,9 a t[n%ip or community :]e population & res\rces are inadequate to support m ?an "o pa/or1 b :]e ! population is s di/ribut$ t m ?an "o place ( wor%ip & organiz$ *ur* are necess>y1 a f$]at$ circuit %\ld be =m$ & a common pa/or employ$4 ,! sev]al *ur*es %\ld be (ficially repres5t$ on a jo9t committee :o %all act = ! circuit n only 9 employ+ ! common pa/or1 b also 9 le>n+ & meet+ all ne$s1 religi\s & social1 :i* require coop]ation & conc]t$ action4 ,9 ! =m+ or re-=m+ ( circuits x %\ld be br\ght to pass t ! v>i\s fields s]v$ by "o pa/or %\ld be z close toge!r z possible4 ,to make ! m9i/]'s field z compact z possible1 int]d5om9ational circuits %\ld be =m$4 ,! rural m9i/ry %\ld1 x possible1 be s di/ribut$ t 9 ea* t[n%ip !re %all be a resid5t pa/or4 ,measures to prev5t ! recurr5ce ( ov]-*ur*$ conditions %\ld be tak5 by e bran* ( ! *ur*4 ,ea* %\ld det]m9e n to organize *ur*es :]e !y are n ne$$ or c]ta9 to be ne$$4 ,9 a new community ne$+ b "o *ur*1 an expression ( ! p %\ld be obta9$ z to ! *oice ( ! *ur* to be e/abli%$4 ,! desires ( ! l>ge/ numb] %\ld be foll[$4 ,:]e sev]al little *ur*es exi/ 9 a sp>sely settl$ community & a union or f$]ation is n possible or advisable1 consid]ation %\ld be giv5 to ! plan ( hav+ all ^! )draw1 & invit+ a bran* ( ! *ur* n repres5t$ locally to come 9 & organize a s+le *ur*4 ,9 ! ex*ange or )drawal ( *ur*es reciprocity %\ld be at lea/ ,/ate-wide 9 its ext5t4 ,:]e a d5om9ation is giv5 control or dom9ance 9 a community by )drawal ( o!r d5om9ations1 ! cont9uance ( t control or dom9ance %\ld be conditional on ! *ur* & m9i/] ma9ta9+ 9 _! s]vice a high degree ( effici5cy--! /&>d ( effici5cy to be det]m9$ by ! d5om9ational lead]s :o %\ld =mulate a few simple pr9ciples by :i* ! usefulness ( a *ur* c be measur$4 ,! d5om9ation hold+ a field %\ld1 = a reasonable l5g? ( "t1 report to ^? )draw+ z to progress4 ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica ,! foll[+ pages conta9 adv]tisem5ts ( a few ( ! ,macmillan books on k9dr$ subjects4 ,,religi\s ,,h& ,,books 7,new & ,n ,repr9ts7 ,ea* ,sixty ,c5ts ,,! ,,new ,,opportunity ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,,by ,,rob]t ,e4 ,,spe] ,?is volume v suitably foll[s ,dr4 ,spe]'s ,! ,*ri/ian ,man1 ! ,*ur*1 & ! ,w>1 deal+ z x does ) ! pres5t responsibility ( ! ,*ur*4 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,fac+ ,,! ,,future ,,by ,,william ,,adams ,,br[n ,dr4 ,br[n discusses f\r big que/ions3 ,fir/1 ,:]e ! ,w> ,f\nd ! ,*ur*2 second1 ,:at ! ,*ur* did = ! ,w>2 ?ird1 ,:at ! ,w> did = ! ,*ur*2 & f\r?1 ,:]e ! ,w> ,leaves ! ,*ur*4 ,,democratic ,,*ri/ianity2 ,,"s ,,problems ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,,9 ,,! ,,days ,,j ,,ahead ,,by ,,francis ,j4 ,,mcconnell ,we h 9 m9d ! tasks ( to-day z !y confront ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 writes ,bi%op ,mc,connell4 ,,god',s ,,responsibility ,,= ,,! ,,w> ,,by ,,edw>d ,s4 ,,dr[n ,dr4 ,dr[n discusses ?is v int]e/+ "q 9 t]se & vigor\s prose4 ,,! ,,tw5tie? ,,c5tury ,,crusade ,,by ,,lyman ,,abbott ,writt5 by "o :o has an exultant fai? t nev] 9 ! hi/ory ( ! pa/ has !re be5 s spl5did a demon/ration ( ! ext5t & p[] ( ! ,*ri/ _s z to-day4 ,,! ,,way ,,to ,,life ,,by ,,h5ry ,,*ur*ill ,,k+ ,a discussion ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 simil> to t 9 ,dr4 ,k+'s =m] book ,! ,e?ics ( ,jesus4 ,besides rewrit+ !m1 he has add$ mat]ial on ! w> & ! tea*+s ( ,jesus4 ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,man1 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,& ,,! ,,w> ,,by ,,rob]t ,e4 ,,spe] ,dr4 ,spe] "h discusses ! ess5tials ( a problem :i* has ex]cis$ ,*ri/ian m5 s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! w>4 ,he deals ) x sanely & 9 a mann] t w be consid]$ di/9ctly helpful4 ,,new ,,horizon ,,( ,,/ate ,,& ,,*ur* ,,by ,w4 ,h4 ,p4 ,,faunce ,broad1 pr(\nd s*ol>%ip1 close relation%ip ) progressive s5tim5t all ov] ! l&1 & unusual p[]s ( ke5 analysis & graphic /atem5t are =ceful elem5ts 9 ,! ,new ,horizon ( ,/ate & ,*ur*4--,philadelphia ,nor? ,am]ican4 ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?ors ,! ,c\ntry ,*ur*3 ,! ,decl9e ( its ,influ5ce & ! ,rem$y ,,by ,,*>les ,,otis ,,gill ,,& ,,gif=d ,,p9*ot ,clo?1 #abo1 #a4be ,is ! c\ntry *ur* gr[+ 9 size & p[]1 or decl9+8 ,is x do+ effectually ! "w :i* belongs to x8 ,^! are 9 ! ma9 ! que/ions :i* ,*>les ,otis ,gill & ,gif=d ,p9*ot consid] 9 _! book ,! ,c\ntry ,*ur*4 ,! book is n a collection ( op9ions1 z x 0 f\nd t !re 7 almo/ z _m :o believ$ ?or\ghly 9 ! c\ntry *ur* & ! "w :i* x is do+ z !re 7 ^? :o 7 d\btful ( its efficacy4 ,! volume is r made up ( facts br\ght =w>d by ! p]sonal inve/igations ( ! au?ors1 & conclusions bas$ on ^! facts4 ,mr4 ,gill & ,mr4 ,p9*ot1 collabor+ 9 ?is problem ( rural life1 h giv5 u a book :i* w at once become an au?ority 9 its field4--,*ri/ian ,"w4 ,! facts & figures are def9ite & illum9$ by a myriad ( side-lights4--,bo/on ,transcript4 ,diff]s f almo/ all ! o!rs because ( ! ?or\ghness ( ! inve/igation & ! s\ndness ( ! conclusions4--,san ,francisco ,*ronicle4 ,des]ves mo/ ?\ghtful consid]ation4444 ,%\ld ar\se att5tion & /imulate ef=t to re/ore to ! c\ntry *ur* ! influ5ce t x is los+4--,*ri/ian ,endeavor ,_w4 ,,=?com+ ,,religi\s ,,books ,prophecy & ,au?ority3 ,a ,/udy 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,doctr9e & ,int]pretation ( ,scripture4 ,,by ,,kemp] ,,full]ton ,pr(essor ( ,old ,te/am5t ,language & ,lit]ature1 ,ob]l9 ,graduate ,s*ool ( ,!ology ,clo?1 #abmo4 ,! purpose ( ?is volume is two-fold--to discuss ! pr9ciples & ! int]pretation ( ,messianic prophecy 9 view ( ! rec5t revival ( ,mill5iali/ claims1 & to re-op5 ! "q ( ! nature ( ! ,bible z a pr9ciple ( au?ority 9 ,prote/ant !ology4 ,! au?or seeks to trace ! way 9 :i* ! me?ods ( int]pretation & ! doctr9es ( ,scripture affect ea* o!r 9 ! ,*ur*'s int]pretation ( prophecy & to %[ h[ ! sci5tific pr9ciples ( int]pretation adopt$ by ! re=m]s inevitably lead to ! ab&onm5t ( ! ,mill5iali/ !ory & dogmatic view ( ,scripture1 & t ^! results are at ! same "t religi\sly desirable4 ,/udies 9 ,m>k's ,gospel ,,by ,a4 ,t4 ,,rob]tson1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 ,pr(essor ( ,new ,te/am5t ,int]pretation at ! ,s\!rn ,bapti/ ,!ological ,sem9>y ,clo?1 #abmo4 ,?is book aims to help ! mod]n man to see ,jesus z ,m>k saw ,him 9 ! fir/ gl[ ( en?usiasm "u ,pet]'s prea*+4 ,x is readable & yet ?or\ghly s*ol>ly & makes use ( ! results ( synoptic criticism to %[ ! hi/orical f\ndation ( our k ( ! life ( ,*ri/4 ,x is n comm5t>y1 nor yet exposition1 b a critical discussion ( ! *ief aspects ( ?is e>lie/ ( our ,gospels4 ,! "w is a real introduction to ,m>k's ,gospel & w unlock its treasures = all :o read x4 ,a ,,new ,,volume ,,9 ,,! ,,bible ,,= ,,home ,,& ,,s*ool ,,s]ies ,comm5t>y on ! ,epi/le ( ,paul to ! ,romans ,,by ,,edw>d ,,increase ,,boswor? ,clo?1 #abmo4 ,! au?or ( ?is ,comm5t>y has endeavor$ to help ^? :o use x read ,paul's lett] to ! ,romans ) due reg>d to ! pre-suppositions :i* possess$ ,paul's m9d & ! m9ds ( ^? to :om x 0 address$1 no matt] to :at ext5t ^! pre-suppositions h pass$ out ( mod]n ?\ght4 ,he has tri$ to d ?is 9 su* a way z to br+ out ! ess5tial1 vital facts ( ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce :i* may p]si/ "u _m =ms ( *ang+ pre-suppositions4 ,,o!r ,,volumes ,,9 ,! ,bible = ,home & ,s*ool ,s]ies ,,%ail] ,,ma!ws1 ,,g5]al ,,editor ,,g5esis1 by ,,pr(essor ,h4 ,g4 ,,mit*ell 4#ij ,,deut]onomy1 by ,,pr(essor ,w4 ,g4 ,,jordan 4#ge ,,judges1 by ,,pr(essor ,,edw>d ,l4 ,,curtis 4#ge ,,job1 by ,,pr(essor ,,george ,a4 ,,b>ton 4#ij ,,isaiah1 by ,,pr(essor ,,john ,e4 ,,mcfady5 4#ij ,,amos1 ,,hosea1 ,,& ,,micah1 by ,,pr(essor ,j4 ,m4 ,,p[is ,,smi? 4#ge ,,mat!w1 by ,,pr(essor ,a4 ,t4 ,,rob]tson 4#fj ,,m>k1 by ,,pr(essor ,m4 ,w4 ,,jacobus 4#ge ,,acts1 by ,,pr(essor ,,george ,h4 ,,gilb]t 4#ge ,,galatians1 by ,,pr(essor ,b4 ,w4 ,,bacon 4#ej ,,ephesians ,,& ,,colossians1 by ,,rev]5d ,,gross ,,alex&] 4#ej ,,hebrews1 by ,,pr(essor ,e4 ,j4 ,,goodspe$ 4#ej ,,volumes ,,9 ,,prep>ation ,i ,,samuel ,,by ,,pr(essor ,l4 ,w4 ,,batt5 ,,psalms ,,by ,,rev]5d ,j4 ,p4 ,,pet]s ,,john ,,by ,,pr(essor ,,%ail] ,,ma!ws ,i ,,& ,,ii ,,cor9?ians ,,by ,,pr(essor ,j4 ,s4 ,,riggs ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,publi%]s #fd-ff ,fif? ,av5ue ,new ,york ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,passages 9 italics are indicat$ by italics4 ,_m tables h be5 split & keys h be5 add$ to enhance readability 9 ?is text v]sion4 ,9 ! key to ! maps on page #adf1 ea* symbol has be5 replac$ ) a description 9 brackets4 ,punctuation has be5 correct$ )\t note4 ,! foll[+ mispr9ts h be5 correct$3 ,surburban correct$ to ,suburban 7,table ( ,cont5ts7 opportunites correct$ to opportunities 7page #ge7 surburban correct$ to suburban 7page #aaa7 repres5t9 correct$ to repres5t+ 7page #bce7 ,o!r ?an ! corrections li/$ above1 inconsi/5cies 9 spell+ & hyph5ation h be5 reta9$ f ! orig9al4