,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan ,digital ,libr>ies47 ,,! ,,belief ,,9 ,,immortality ,,vol4 ,,ii ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co41 ,,limit$ ,,london 4 ,,bombay 4 ,,calcutta 4 ,,madras ,,melb\rne ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,,new ,,york 4 ,,bo/on 4 ,,*icago ,,dallas 4 ,,san ,,francisco ,,! ,,macmillan ,,co4 ,,( ,,canada1 ,,ltd4 ,,toronto ,,! ,,belief ,,9 ,,immortality ,,& ,,! ,,wor%ip ,,( ,,! ,,dead ,,by ,,sir ,,james ,,george ,,fraz]1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,f4,b4,a4 ,,fell[ ,,( ,,tr9ity ,,college1 ,,cambridge ,,hon4 ,d4,c4,l41 ,,ox=d2 ,,hon4 ,,litt4,d41 ,,cambridge ,,& ,,durham2 ,,hon4 ,,ll4,d41 ,,glasg[2 ,,doctor ,,honoris ,,causa ,,( ,,! ,,univ]sities ,,( ,,p>is ,,& ,,/rasb\rg ,,vol4 ,,ii ,,! ,,belief ,,among ,,! ,,polynesians ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co41 ,,limit$ ,,/4 ,,m>t9',s ,,/reet1 ,,london #aibb ,,copyright ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,great ,,brita9 ,,preface ,! fir/ volume ( ?is "w1 :i* compris$ ! ,gif=d ,lectures giv5 by me at ,/4 ,&rews 9 ! ye>s #aiaa & #aiab1 dealt ) ! belief 9 immortality & ! wor%ip ( ! dead1 z ^! are f\nd among ! aborig9es ( ,au/ralia1 ! ,torres ,/raits ,isl&s1 ,new ,gu9ea1 & ,melanesia4 ,9 ! pres5t volume ,i take up ! subject at ! po9t at :i* ,i broke (f1 & describe ! correspond+ belief & wor%ip among ! ,polynesians1 a p relat$ to _! neighb\rs ! ,melanesians by language1 if n by blood4 ,! fir/ *apt] =m$ ! !me ( two lectures deliv]$ at ! ,royal ,in/itution 9 #aiaf2 ! o!r *apt]s h be5 writt5 = lectures at ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge1 9 #aiba & #aibb4 ,b 9 ! book ! lecture =m has be5 disc>d$1 & ! treatm5t ( ! subject is some:at full] ?an comports ) ! limits impos$ by oral deliv]y4 ,%\ld circum/ances all[ me to cont9ue ! "w1 ,i propose 9 ! next volume to treat ( ! belief 9 immortality & ! wor%ip ( ! dead among ! ,micronesians & ,indonesians4 ,j4 ,g4 ,,fraz]4 ,,no4 #a ,,brick ,,c\rt1 ,,temple1 ,,london1 #ai? ,july #aibb4 ,,cont5ts ,,pages ,,preface v ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts vii-ix ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,,! ,,belief ,,9 ,,immortality ,,among ,,! ,,maoris #a-ea ,sec4 #a4 ,! ,polynesians #a-e ,sec4 #b4 ,! ,maoris ( ,new ,zeal& #e-aj ,sec4 #c4 ,! ,beliefs ( ! ,maoris conc]n+ ! ,s\ls ( ! ,liv+ #aj-ai ,sec4 #d4 ,! ,beliefs ( ! ,maoris conc]n+ ! ,s\ls ( ! ,dead #ai-cg ,sec4 #e4 ,taboo among ! ,maoris #cg-ej ,sec4 #f4 ,conclusion #ea ,,ii4 ,,! ,,belief ,,9 ,,immortality ,,among ,,! ,,tongans #eb-adg ,sec4 #a4 ,! ,tonga or ,fri5dly ,isl&s #eb-eg ,sec4 #b4 ,! ,tonga ,isl&]s1 _! ,"*1 ,mode ( ,life1 & ,gov]nm5t #eg-fc ,sec4 #c4 ,! ,tongan ,religion3 its ,g5]al ,pr9ciples #fd-fh ,sec4 #d4 ,! ,prim>y or ,non-human ,gods #fh-gc ,sec4 #e4 ,! ,temples ( ! ,gods #gc-gg ,sec4 #f4 ,prie/s & _! ,inspiration #gg-gi ,sec4 #g4 ,! ,wor%ip ( ! ,gods1 ,pray]s1 & ,sacrifices #gi-hd ,sec4 #h4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ! ,s\l & its ,de/9y aft] ,dea? #hd-ia ,sec4 #i4 ,! ,s\ls ( ! ,dead z ,gods #ia-ih ,sec4 #aj4 ,temples & ,tombs3 ,megali?ic ,monum5ts #ii-acb ,sec4 #aa4 ,rites ( ,burial & ,m\rn+ #acb-adf ,sec4 #ab4 ,! ,e?ical ,influ5ce ( ,tongan ,religion #adf-adg ,,iii4 ,,! ,,belief ,,9 ,,immortality ,,among ,,! ,,samoans #adh-bah ,sec4 #a4 ,! ,samoan ,isl&s #adh-aef ,sec4 #b4 ,! ,samoan ,isl&]s1 _! "* #aef-afc ,sec4 #c4 ,h\ses1 ,agriculture1 & ,indu/ries #afc-afi ,sec4 #d4 ,rights ( ,prop]ty #afi-aga ,sec4 #e4 ,gov]nm5t1 ,social ,ranks1 ,respect = ,*iefs #aga-aha ,sec4 #f4 ,religion3 ,gods ( ,families1 ,villages1 & ,di/ricts #aha-aib ,sec4 #g4 ,prie/s & ,temples #aib-bjj ,sec4 #h4 ,orig9 ( ! ,samoan ,gods ( ,families1 ,villages1 & ,di/ricts3 ,relation to ,totemism #bjj-bjb ,sec4 #i4 ,! ,high ,gods ( ,samoa #bjb-bje ,sec4 #aj4 ,! ,samoan ,belief conc]n+ ! ,human ,s\l3 ,fun]al ,cu/oms #bje-bac ,sec4 #aa4 ,! ,fate ( ! ,human ,s\l aft] ,dea? #bac-bah ,,iv4 ,,! ,,belief ,,9 ,,immortality ,,among ,,! ,,h]vey ,,isl&]s #bai-bde ,sec4 #a4 ,! ,h]vey or ,cook ,isl&s #bai-bbj ,sec4 #b4 ,! ,isl&]s & _! ,mode ( ,life #bbj-bbc ,sec4 #c4 ,social ,life3 ! ,sacr$ ,k+s #bbc-bbe ,sec4 #d4 ,religion1 ! ,gods1 ,traces ( ,totemism #bbe-bbi ,sec4 #e4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ! ,human ,s\l #bbi-bca ,sec4 #f4 ,dea? & ,fun]al ,rites #bca-bcg ,sec4 #g4 ,! ,fate ( ! ,human ,s\l aft] ,dea? #bch-bde ,v4 ,,! ,,belief ,,9 ,,immortality ,,among ,,! ,,society ,,isl&]s #bdf-cbg ,sec4 #a4 ,! ,society ,isl&s #bdf-bdh ,sec4 #b4 ,! ,isl&]s & _! ,mode ( ,life #bdh-bef ,sec4 #c4 ,! ,religion ( ! ,society ,isl&]s #bef-bgh ,sec4 #d4 ,! ,temples & ,images ( ! ,gods #bgh-bia ,sec4 #e4 ,! ,sacrifices1 ,prie/s1 & ,sacr$ ,record]s #bia-bif ,sec4 #f4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ! ,human ,s\l #big-bii ,sec4 #g4 ,disease1 ,dea?1 & ,m\rn+ #bii-cjh ,sec4 #h4 ,! ,disposal ( ! ,dead #cjh-cac ,sec4 #i4 ,! ,fate ( ! ,s\l aft] ,dea? #cac-cba ,sec4 #aj4 ,! ,wor%ip ( ! ,dead #cbb-cbg ,,vi4 ,,! ,,belief ,,9 ,,immortality ,,among ,,! ,,m>quesans #cbh-cgd ,sec4 #a4 ,! ,m>quesas ,isl&s #cbh-cca ,sec4 #b4 ,physical ,appe>ance ( ! ,natives #cca-ccc ,sec4 #c4 ,food1 ,weapons1 ,tools1 ,h\ses1 ,canoes1 ,fi%+ #ccc-ccg ,sec4 #d4 ,poly&ry1 ,adoption1 ,ex*ange ( ,names #ccg-cci ,sec4 #e4 ,amusem5ts1 ,danc+-places1 ,banquet+-halls #cci-cdd ,sec4 #f4 ,social ,ranks1 ,taboo #cdd-cdg ,sec4 #g4 ,religion & ,my?ology #cdh-ceb ,sec4 #h4 ,! ,s\l1 ,dea?1 & ,fun]al ,cu/oms #ceb-cfc ,sec4 #i4 ,fate ( ! ,s\l aft] ,dea? #cfc-cgd ,,vii4 ,,! ,,belief ,,9 ,,immortality ,,among ,,! ,,hawaiians #cge-dca ,sec4 #a4 ,! ,s&wi* or ,hawaiian ,isl&s #cge-cgg ,sec4 #b4 ,! ,natives & _! ,mode ( ,life #cgg-chj ,sec4 #c4 ,h\ses1 ,me*anical ,arts #chj-chc ,sec4 #d4 ,gov]nm5t1 ,social ,ranks1 ,taboo #chc-cij ,sec4 #e4 ,religion1 ! ,gods #cij-djd ,sec4 #f4 ,prie/s1 ,sorc]]s1 ,div9]s #djd-djf ,sec4 #g4 ,temples1 ,images1 ,human ,sacrifices #djf-dad ,sec4 #h4 ,fe/ivals #dad-daf ,sec4 #i4 ,dea? & ,fun]al ,rites #dag-dbg ,sec4 #aj4 ,fate ( ! ,s\l aft] ,dea? #dbg-dca ,,index #dcc-ddg ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,belief ,,9 ,,immortality ,,among ,,! ,,maoris ,sec4 #a4 ,! ,polynesians ,! ,polynesians are ! tall br[n race ( m5 :o inhabit ! widely scatt]$ isl&s ( ! ,pacific1 f ,hawaii on ! nor? to ,new ,zeal& on ! s\?1 & f ,tonga on ! we/ to ,ea/] ,isl& on ! ea/4#a ,d[n to ! eighte5? c5tury !y rema9$ practically unkn[n to ,europe2 ! fir/ navigator to br+ back comp>atively full & accurate in=mation conc]n+ !m 0 our great ,engli% explor]1 ,capta9 ,james ,cook4 ,?us at ! date ( _! discov]y ! natives 7 q unaffect$ by ,european influ5ce3 ( our civilisation !y knew no?+3 ( ,*ri/ianity1 ?\gh x _h exi/$ 9 ! _w = ne>ly eighte5 hundr$ ye>s1 !y _h nev] he>d3 !y 7 totally ignorant ( ! metals1 & _h made s little progress 9 ! arts ( life t 9 mo/ ( ! isl&s pott]y 0 unkn[n1#b & ev5 s simple an inv5tion z t ( b[s & arr[s = use 9 w> _h n be5 ?\ght (4#c ,h5ce _! condition 0 ( great int]e/ to /ud5ts ( ! e>ly hi/ory ( man1 s9ce x pres5t$ to _! obs]vation ! spectacle ( a b>b>ic culture evolv$ f an immemorial pa/ 9 complete indep5d5ce ( ^? mat]ial1 intellectual1 & moral =ces :i* h m\ld$ ! "* ( mod]n ,european nations4 ,! lat5ess ( _! discov]y may also be reckon$ a =tunate circum/ance = u z well z = !m1 s9ce x fell at a "t :5 sci5tific curiosity 0 fully awak5$ among u1 & :5 sci5tific me?ods 7 suffici5tly und]/ood to all[ u to /udy ) pr(it a /ate ( society :i* diff]$ s widely f our own1 & :i* 9 an e>li] & less enlight5$ age might h be5 contemplat$ only ) av]sion & disgu/4 #a ,horatio ,hale1 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ,e?nography & ,philology 7,philadelphia1 #ahdf71 pp4 #d sqq41 #i sqq42 ,j4 ,d5ik]1 ,! ,races ( ,man 7,london1 #aijj71 pp4 #ejj sqq4 #b ,j4 ,d5ik]1 ,! ,races ( ,man 7,london1 #aijj71 pp4 #aed1 #eja2 ,briti% ,museum1 ,h&book to ! ,e?nographical ,collections 7#aiaj71 p4 #adg4 #c ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages 7,london1 #ahji71 v4 #daf2 ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,acc\nt ( ! ,natives ( ! ,tonga ,isl&s1 ,second ,edition 7,london1 #ahah71 i4 #fg2 ,w4 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 ,second ,edition 7,london1 #ahcb-ahcf71 i4 #bbj2 ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 ,second ,edition 7,london1 #ahef71 p4 #bab2 ,j4 ,d5ik]1 ,! ,races ( ,man1 p4 #eja4 ,9 ,polynesia ! b[ 0 n a s]i\s weapon2 x 0 f\nd 9 "s isl&s1 e4g4 9 ,tahiti & ,tonga1 b 0 pr9cipally us$ = kill+ rats or 9 %oot+ mat*es 7,briti% ,museum1 ,h&book to ! ,e?nographical ,collections1 p4 #aec74 ,z to ! limit$ use ( b[s & arr[s 9 ,polynesia1 see fur!r ,e4 ,trege>1 ,! ,polynesian ,b[1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 vol4 i4 no4 #a 7,april #ahib71 pp4 #ef-ei2 ,w4 ,h4 ,r4 ,riv]s1 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,melanesian ,society 7,cambridge1 #aiad71 ii4 #ddf sqq4 ,! "q ( ! orig9 ( ! ,polynesian race is /ill unsettl$1 b ! balance bo? ( evid5ce & ( probability seems to incl9e 9 fav\r ( ! view t ! p are desc5d$ f "o ( ! yell[ ,mongoloid races ( ,s\?-,ea/]n ,asia1 :o gradually spread ea/w>d ov] ! ,indian ,ar*ipelago & int]m+l+ to "s ext5t ) ! black aborig9al inhabitants ( ! isl&s =m$ ! light]-t9t$ br[n race :i* we call ! ,polynesian4#d ,a /rong argum5t 9 fav\r ( ?is !ory is drawn f ! ,polynesian language1 :i* belongs ess5tially to ! same family ( spee* z ! ,melanesian & ,malay languages spok5 by ! peoples :o occupy ! isl&s t int]v5e betwe5 ,polynesia & ! s\?-ea/]n extremity ( ! ,asiatic cont95t4#e ,! black ,melanesian race occupies ! s\?-ea/]n portion ( ,new ,gu9ea & ! *a9 ( isl&s :i* /ret*es 9 a great curve r\nd ! nor?-ea/]n coa/s ( ,new ,gu9ea & ,au/ralia4 ,! br[n ,malays1 ) ! k9dr$ ,indonesians & a small admixture ( negritoes1 inhabit ! isl&s we/w>d f ,new ,gu9ea to ! ,malay ,p59sula4#f ,( ! two k9dr$ languages1 ! ,polynesian & ! ,melanesian1 ! old] 9 po9t ( /ructure appe>s unque/ionably to be ! ,melanesian2 = x is ri*] bo? 9 s\nds & 9 grammatical =ms ?an ! ,polynesian1 :i* may accord+ly be reg>d$ z its lat] & simplifi$ desc5dant4#g #d ,comp>e 7,sir7 ,e4 ,b4 ,tylor1 ,an?ropology 7,london1 #ahha71 p4 #ajb2 ,r4 ,h4 ,codr+ton1 ,! ,melanesian ,languages 7,ox=d1 #ahhe71 pp4 #cc sqq42 ,s4 ,p]cy ,smi?1 ,hawaiki1 ! ,orig9al ,home ( ! ,maori 7,*ri/*ur*1 etc41 ,new ,zeal&1 #aiaj71 pp4 #he sqq42 ,a4 ,c4 ,haddon1 ,! ,w&]+s ( ,peoples 7,cambridge1 #aiai71 pp4 #cd sqq42 ,a4 ,h4 ,keane1 ,man ,pa/ & ,pres5t1 revis$ by ,a4 ,h+/on-,quigg9 & ,a4 ,c4 ,haddon 7,cambridge1 #aibj71 p4 #eeb4 #e ,on ! aff9ity ( ! ,polynesian1 ,melanesian1 & ,malay languages1 see ,r4 ,h4 ,codr+ton1 ,! ,melanesian ,languages 7,ox=d1 #ahhe71 pp4 #aj sqq42 ,s4 ,h4 ,ray1 ,! ,polynesian ,language 9 ,melanesia1 ,an?ropos1 xiv4-xv4 7#aiai-aibj71 pp4 #df sqq4 #f ,j4 ,d5ik]1 ,! ,races ( ,man1 pp4 #dhb sqq4 #g ,reports ( ! ,cambridge ,an?ropological ,exp$ition to ,torres ,/raits1 vol4 iii4 ,l+ui/ics1 by ,sydney ,h4 ,ray 7,cambridge1 #aijg71 p4 #ebh 7z to ! relation ( ! ,polynesian to ! ,melanesian language74 ,z to ! pov]ty ( ! ,polynesian language 9 s\nds & grammatical =ms by comp>ison ) ! ,melanesian1 see ,r4 ,h4 ,codr+ton1 ,! ,melanesian ,languages1 p4 #aa4 ,b :]eas ! ?ree peoples1 ! ,polynesians1 ! ,melanesians1 & ! ,malays speak languages belong+ to ! same family1 _! physical types are s diff]5t t x seems impossible to look on ! br[n /raight-hair$ ,polynesians & ,malays z pure desc5dants ( ! sw>?y frizzly-hair$ ,melanesians4 ,accord+ly 9 ! pres5t /ate ( our k1 or r ignorance1 ! mo/ reasonable hypo!sis w\ld appe> to be t ! ,melanesians1 :o occupy a c5tral position 9 ! great ocean1 betwe5 ! ,polynesians on ! ea/ & ! ,malays on ! we/1 repres5t ! orig9al inhabitants ( ! isl&s1 :ile ! ,polynesians & ,malays repres5t successive sw>ms ( emigrants1 :o hiv$ (f f ! ,asiatic cont95t1 & mak+ _! way ea/w>d ov] ! isl&s p>tially displac$ & p>tially bl5t ) ! aborig9es1 modify+ _! own physical type 9 ! process & ex*ang+ _! orig9al language = t ( ! isl&]s1 :i*1 ?r\gh _! inability to assimilate x1 !y acquir$ only 9 corrupt or deg5]ate =ms4#h ,yet a s]i\s difficulty meets u on ?is hypo!sis4 ,= bo? ! ,polynesians & ! ,malays1 z we "k !m1 /& at a decid$ly high] level ( culture1 socially & intellectually1 ?an ! ,melanesians1 & x is h>d to und]/& :y ) ?is advantage !y %\ld h fall5 into a position ( l+ui/ic subord9ation to !m1 = z a rule x is ! high] race :i* imposes its language on its inf]iors1 n ! l[] race :i* succe$s 9 foi/+ its spee* on its sup]iors4 #h ,?is seems to be ! hypo!sis fav\r$ by ,dr4 ,r4 ,h4 ,codr+ton1 ,! ,melanesian ,languages1 pp4 #cc sqq4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,d5ik]1 ,! ,races ( ,man1 p4 #eje4 ,on ! o!r h& ,sir ,e4 ,b4 ,tylor says 7,an?ropology1 pp4 #afc sq471 ,! p>5t language ( ?is family may h belong$ to ,asia1 = 9 ! ,malay region ! gramm> is m complex1 & words are f\nd l tasik sea & langit sky1 :ile 9 ! di/ant isl&s ( ,new ,zeal& & ,hawaii ^! h come d[n to tai & lai1 z ?\gh ! language became %runk & =mless z ! race migrat$ fur!r f home1 & sank into ! b>b>ic life ( ocean isl&]s4 ,dr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,r4 ,riv]s sugge/s t ! ,polynesian language arose out ( a pidg9 ,indonesian 7,! ,hi/ory ( ,melanesian ,society1 ii4 #ehd74 ,b ^! are intricate que/ions :i* await future inve/igation4 ,i _c ent] into !m n[1 b mu/ conf9e myself to my imm$iate subject1 ! beliefs ( ! ,polynesians conc]n+ ! human s\l & ! life aft] dea?4 ,9 spite ( _! diffusion ov] a multitude ( isl&s sep>at$ f ea* o!r by hundr$s & ev5 ?\s&s ( miles ( ocean1 ! ,polynesians are on ! :ole a rem>kably homog5e\s race 9 physical type1 language1 & =ms ( society & religion4 ,! diff]5ces ( language betwe5 !m are inconsid]able1 am\nt+ to little m ?an "s well-m>k$ dialectical v>iations3 all dwell 9 settl$ homes & subsi/ p>tly by fi%+ p>tly by ! fruits ( ! e>?1 till+ ! soil & ga!r+ coconuts & bread-fruit f ! trees3#i all are bold & exp]t m>9]s1 mak+ long voyages 9 l>ge well-built canoes3 all possess a copi\s & comp>atively well develop$ my?ology2 & all at ! "t ( _! discov]y enjoy$1 or p]haps we %\ld r say suff]$ f1 a s+ul> in/itution1 half social1 half religi\s1 :i* may be summ$ up 9 ! s+le ,polynesian ^w taboo4 ,h5ce x w\ld no d\bt be possible to give a g5]al acc\nt ( ! belief 9 human immortality :i* w\ld hold good 9 outl9e = all ! diff]5t bran*es ( ! ,polynesian race2 b su* an acc\nt w\ld necess>ily be some:at meagre1 inexact 9 detail1 & liable to _m exceptions4 ,accord+ly ,i %all n attempt x1 b %all describe ! cre$ ( ea* gr\p ( isl&]s sep>ately4 ,z ! beliefs ( ! v>i\s isl&]s on ?is mom5t\s topic are *>act]is$ by a g5]al simil>ity1 ! me?od ,i h adopt$ w no d\bt involve a c]ta9 sam5ess & repetition1 b = ! s]i\s /ud5t ( comp>ative religion ,i hope t ^! disadvantages may be m ?an outweigh$ by ! great] accuracy & fulness ( detail :i* ?is mode ( treat+ ! subject r5d]s possible4 #i ,j4 ,d5ik]1 ,! ,races ( ,man1 p4 #eja4 ,on ! app>5t homog5eity ( ! ,polynesian race see ,w4 ,h4 ,r4 ,riv]s1 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,melanesian ,society 7,cambridge1 #aiad71 ii4 #bhj1 :o1 h[ev]1 argues 7ii4 #bhj sqq47 t ! race has be5 =m$ by ! fusion ( two di/9ct peoples4 ,! pr9cipal gr\ps ( isl&s includ$ 9 ,polynesia are ,new ,zeal&1 ! ,fri5dly or ,tonga ,isl&s1 ! ,samoan or ,navigators ,isl&s1 ! ,h]vey or ,cook ,isl&s1 ! ,society ,isl&s1 includ+ ,tahiti1 ! ,m>quesas ,isl&s1 & ,hawaii or ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s4#aj ,all ( !m1 except ,new ,zeal&1 are )9 ! tropics2 & all ( !m1 except ,hawaii1 lie to ! s\? ( ! equator4 ,i %all deal ) !m 9 ! ord] ,i h m5tion$1 beg9n+ ) ,new ,zeal&4 #aj ,horatio ,hale1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ,e?nography & ,philology 7,philadelphia1 #ahdf71 pp4 #d sqq4 ,sec4 #b4 ,! ,maoris ( ,new ,zeal& ,! ,maoris ( ,new ,zeal& are n aborig9es ( ! isl&s :i* !y inhabit3 !y possess long & app>5tly 9 ! ma9 tru/wor?y traditions ( _! migration to ,new ,zeal& _m g5]ations ago4 ,! circum/ances :i* l$ to ! migration1 ! names ( ! canoes 9 :i* x 0 accompli%$1 ! names & g5ealogies ( ! *iefs :o conduct$ x1 are all record$1 hav+ be5 h&$ on by ^w ( m\? f g5]ation to g5]ation1 till !y 7 f9ally writt5 d[n f ! lips ( ! natives by ,engli% enquir]s4#aa ,! place f :i* ! ,maoris came is unanim\sly designat$ z ,hawaiki1 an isl& or gr\p ( isl&s ly+ f> to ! nor? or nor?-ea/ ( ,new ,zeal&4 ,among ,engli% s*ol>s !re is "s diff]5ce ( op9ion :e!r ,hawaiki is to be id5tifi$ ) ,hawaii1 t is1 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 or ) ,savaii1 "o ( ! ,samoan or ,navigators ,isl&s1 s9ce ,hawaii & ,savaii are bo? dialectical v>iations ( ! ,new ,zeal&]'s pronunciation ( ,hawaiki4#ab ,?\gh ,hawaii is m ?an twice z f> z ,savaii f ,new ,zeal&1 be+ sep>at$ f x by almo/ ! :ole bread? ( ! tropics & a great /ret* ( ocean besides1 "s good au?orities h incl9$ to reg>d x z ! orig9al home ( ! ,maoris1 b ! balance ( op9ion appe>s n[ to prepond]ate 9 fav\r ( ! view t ,savaii 0 ! c5tre f :i* ! ,polynesians disp]s$ all ov] ! ,pacific4#ac ,h[ev]1 ! "q is "o t h>dly admits ( a positive answ]4 #aa ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 ,travels 9 ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahdc71 ii4 #he sqq42 ,horatio ,hale1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ,e?nography & ,philology 7,philadelphia1 #ahdf71 pp4 #adf sqq42 ,sir ,george ,grey1 ,polynesian ,my?ology 7,london1 #ahee71 pp4 #abc sqq41 #acf sqq41 #afb sqq41 #bjb sqq42 ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 ,second ,edition 7,london1 #ahef71 pp4 #a sqq42 ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 or ,new ,zeal& & its ,inhabitants1 ,second ,edition 7,london1 #ahgj71 pp4 #bf1 #bg1 #bhi sqq42 ,john ,:ite1 ,! ,anci5t ,hi/ory ( ! ,maori1 8 ,my?ology & ,traditions 7,london1 #ahhg-ahhi71 ii4 #agf sqq42 ,elsdon ,be/1 ,! ,peopl+ ( ,new ,zeal&1 ,man1 xiv4 7#aiad7 pp4 #gc-gf4 ,! numb] ( g5]ations :i* h elaps$ s9ce ! migration to ,new ,zeal& is v>i\sly e/imat$4 ,writ+ ab\t ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ,%ortl& reckon$ ! numb] at ab\t eighte52 ,mr4 ,elsdon ,be/1 writ+ 9 #aiad1 v>i\sly calculat$ x at ab\t tw5ty-eight or tw5ty-n9e 7on p4 #gc7 & f eighte5 to tw5ty-eight 7on p4 #gd74 #ab ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 p4 #cc4 #ac ,h4 ,hale1 ,e?nography & ,philology ( ! ,u4,s4 ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 pp4 #aai sq42 ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 ,travels 9 ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahdc71 ii4 #he sqq42 ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 pp4 #cc sqq42 ,a4 ,s4 ,?omson1 ,! ,/ory ( ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahei71 i4 #eg sqq42 ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 p4 #bf2 ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y 7,well+ton1 ,n4,z41 #ahia71 pp4 #ef sqq41 s4v4 ,hawaiki2 ,a4 ,c4 ,haddon1 ,! ,w&]+s ( ,peoples 7,cambridge1 #aiai71 p4 #cf4 ,( ^! writ]s1 ,dieff5ba*1 ,%ortl&1 & ,taylor decide 9 fav\r ( ,hawaii2 ,?omson1 ,hale1 & ,haddon pref] ,savaii2 ,trege> seems to leave ! "q op51 po9t+ out t ! inhabitants ( ^? isl&s !mselves believe 9 ano!r ,hawaiki1 nei!r 9 ,samoa nor ,hawaii4 ,! ,maoris are n a pure-blood$ ,polynesian race4 ,among !m ev5 at ! pres5t day two di/9ct racial types may be di/+ui%$1 "o ( !m ! comp>atively fair ,polynesian type ) /raight nose & good features1 ! o!r ! sw>?y1 ?ick-lipp$1 flat-nos$1 frizzly-hair$ ,melanesian type4 ,!y h a tradition t on _! arrival 9 ,new ,zeal& !y f\nd ! c\ntry 9 ! possession ( a d>k-sk9n$ folk ( repulsive appe>ance1 tall1 sp>e1 & sp9dle-%ank$1 ) flat faces1 ov]hang+ br[s1 & noses ( :i* little b ! upturn$ no/rils c\ld 9 "s cases be disc]n$4 ,^! savages wore little clo?+ & built no good h\ses1 no?+ b rude %elt]s aga9/ ! inclem5cy ( ! wea!r4 ,!y 7 ignorant & trea*]\s1 & ! ,maoris reg>d$ !m ) dislike & contempt2 b _! wom5 look$ ) fav\r on ! h&some ,maori m51 & a mixture ( ! two races 0 ! result4 ,?is tradition bo? expla9s & is confirm$ by ! two diff]5t racial types :i* /ill exi/ side by side or bl5t toge!r among ! ,maoris4 ,x seems1 !re=e1 highly probable t be=e ! adv5t ( ! ,maoris ! ,nor? ,isl& ( ,new ,zeal& 0 occupi$ by a p ( inf]ior culture belong+ to ! ,melanesian /ock1 :o may !mselves h _h a /ra9 ( ,polynesian blood 9 _! ve9s & "s ,polynesian words 9 _! language4 ,?is at lea/ is sugge/$ by "s features 9 ! ,maori traditions ab\t !m4 ,= ^! savages told ! ,maoris t !y 7 ! desc5dants ( ! crews ( ?ree fi%+ canoes :i* _h be5 driv5 to sea f _! own l& 9 pa/ times1 & t _! orig9al home 0 a mu* w>m] c\ntry ?an ,new ,zeal&4 ,all ^! v>i\s indications may p]haps be reconcil$ by suppos+ t ! d>k pr$ecessors ( ! ,maoris 9 ,new ,zeal& 7 a ,melanesian p1 :o _h accid5tally drift$ f ,fiji1 ! inhabitants ( :i* h long be5 9 contact ) _! ,polynesian neighb\rs on ! ea/1 ! ,tongans4#ad ,!y receiv$ f ! ,maoris ! "n ( ,m>uiwi1#ae & 7 p]haps ( ! same /ock z ! ,moriori ( ! ,*a?am ,isl&s2 = two skulls ( ! ,moriori type h be5 f\nd 9 an old deposit at ,wanganui1 ne> ! s\? end ( ! ,nor? ,isl& ( ,new ,zeal&4#af #ad ,elsdon ,be/1 ,! ,peopl+ ( ,new ,zeal&1 ,man1 xiv4 7#aiad7 pp4 #gc-gf4 ,! ,melanesian /ra9 9 ! ,maoris 0 recognis$ by previ\s writ]s4 ,see ,j4 ,s4 ,polack1 ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s 7,london1 #ahdj71 i4 #f1 ,! nation consi/s ( two aborig9al & di/9ct races1 diff]+1 at an e>li] p]iod1 z mu* f ea* o!r z bo? are simil>ly remov$ 9 similitude f ,europeans4 ,a s]ies ( int]m>riages = c5turies has n ev5 yet oblit]at$ ! m>k$ diff]5ce t orig9ally /amp$ ! desc5dant ( ! n[ amalgamat$ races4 ,! fir/ may be kn[n by a d>k-br[n complexion1 well =m$ & prom95t features1 erect muscul> proportions1 & lank hair1 ) a boldness 9 ! gait ( a w>rior1 :olly diff]+ f t ( ! second & inf]ior race1 :o h a complexion br[n-black1 hair incl9+ to ! wool1 l ! ,ea/]n ,african1 /ature %ort1 & sk9 exce$+ s(t4 ,! writ] rightly connects ! latt] p ) ! /ock :i* we n[ call ,melanesian4 ,comp>e also ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 pp4 #ac sqq41 :o says 7p4 #ac71 ,! ,melanesian prec$$ ! ,polynesian4444 ,! rema9s ( ?is race are to be se5 9 e "p ( ,new ,zeal&1 especially among ! ,nga-ti-ka-hunu1 to :i* ! d]isive "n ( ,pok]ekahu--,black ,kum>a--is appli$4 ,! ,maori traditions pres]ve bo? ! names ( ! canoes :i* br\ght !m to ,new ,zeal&1 z well z ( ! *iefs :o comm&$ !m2 sev]al ( ^! records make m5tion ( _! hav+ f\nd ?is black race 9 occupation ( ! c\ntry on _! arrival4 ,! bl5d+ ( two di/9ct races1 a light-br[n & a d>k race1 among ! ,maoris is cle>ly recognis$ by ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 ,travels 9 ,new ,zeal&1 ii4 #h-aa4 ,! d>k race1 he says 7pp4 #i sq471 has und\bt$ly a diff]5t orig94 ,?is is prov$ by _! less regul>ly %ap$ cranium1 :i* is r m compress$ f ! sides1 by _! full & l>ge features1 prom95t *eek-bones1 full lips1 small e>s1 curly & co>se1 al?\gh n woolly1 hair1 a mu* deep] col\r ( ! sk91 & a %ort & r ill-proportion$ figure4 ,?is race1 :i* is mix$ 9 ins5sible gradations ) ! =m]1 is f> less num]\s2 x does n pr$om9ate 9 any "o "p ( ! isl&1 nor does x occupy any p>ticul> /ation 9 a tribe1 & !re is no diff]5ce made betwe5 ! two races among/ !mselves2 b ,i mu/ obs]ve t ,i nev] met any man ( consequ5ce belong+ to ?is race1 & t1 al?\gh free m51 !y occupy ! l[] grades2 f ?is we may p]haps inf] ! relation 9 :i* !y /ood to ! e>lie/ native immigrants into ! c\ntry1 al?\gh _! traditions & leg5ds are sil5t on ! subject4 #ae ,elsdon ,be/1 ,! ,peopl+ ( ,new ,zeal&1 ,man1 xiv4 7#aiad7 pp4 #gc sq4 #af 7,sir7 ,ar?ur ,kei?1 ,moriori 9 ,new ,zeal&1 ,man1 xiii4 7#aiac7 pp4 #aga sq4 ,at ! "t ( _! discov]y ! ,maoris _h atta9$ to a fair level ( b>b>ic culture4 ,!y liv$ 9 com=table h\ses ornam5t$ ) c>v$ "w & ) scrolls pa9t$ 9 r$ & :ite on ! po/s & beams4 ,_! villages 7 =tifi$ ) e>?works1 palisades1 & tr5*es1 & surr\nd$ by l>ge g>d5s plant$ ) sweet potatoes1 t>o1 & melons4#ag ,!y excel 9 tillage1 says ,capta9 ,cook1 z might naturally be expect$1 :]e ! p]son t s[s is to eat ! produce1 & :]e !re is s little besides t c be eat53 :5 we fir/ came to ,tegadoo1 a di/rict betwe5 ,pov]ty ,bay & ,ea/ ,cape1 _! crops 7 j cov]$1 & n yet begun to spr\t2 ! m\ld 0 z smoo? z 9 a g>d51 & e root _h its small hillock1 rang$ 9 a regul> qu9cunx1 by l9es1 :i* ) ! pegs 7 /ill rema9+ 9 ! field4#ah ,!y und]/ood ! arts ( irrigat+ _! g>d5s#ai & ( manur+ !m s z to r5d] ! soil light & por\s & !re=e bett] suit$ = ! gr[? ( ! sweet potato1 _! fav\rite food4 ,= ?is purpose !y us$ s&1 & 9 ! ,waikatoo di/rict1 :]e ! root 0 =m]ly mu* cultivat$1 deep excavations1 l ! gravel pits ( ,engl&1 may /ill be se51 f :i* ! natives extract$ s& to f]tilise _! g>d5s4#bj ,moreov]1 !y cultivat$ v>i\s species ( native flax & us$ ! fibre = ! manufacture ( g>m5ts1 fir/ scrap+ x & dry+ x 9 ! sun1 !n /eep+ x 9 wat]1 & aft]w>ds beat+ x ) wood5 mallets4 ,?us prep>$ ! flax 0 dy$ black or r$di% br[n & wov5 into clo? ) broad bord]s ( neat & v>i$ patt]ns4 ,! /rong] & co>s] fibres 7 made into /r+1 l9es1 & cordage ( all sorts4#ba ,! ,maoris also built l>ge & magnific5tly adorn$ canoes1#bb 9 :i* !y made long voyages2 = example1 !y invad$ & conqu]$ ! ,*a?am ,isl&s1 :i* lie to ! ea/w>d across ! op5 sea ab\t five hundr$ miles di/ant f ! ne>e/ coa/ ( ,new ,zeal&4#bc ,9 hunt+ !y _h little opportunity to %9e1 = ! simple reason t 9 _! c\ntry !re 7 no bea/s to hunt except rats2#bd ev5 birds !y c\ld n %oot1 because !y _h no b[s & arr[s to %oot !m )1#be b !y made "s am5ds by cat*+ !m 9 +5i\sly con/ruct$ sn>es4#bf ,!y caught fi% bo? ) nets1 "s ( :i* 7 ( enorm\s size1 & ) hooks made ( bone or %ell4#bg ,!y display$ great skill & inf9ite pati5ce 9 fa%ion+1 %>p5+1 & poli%+ _! /one implem5ts & weapons4#bh ,9 c\ncil !y 7 orators1 & 9 ! battlefield w>riors ^: c\rage has m]it$ ! respect1 & ^: milit>y skill has won ! admiration ( ! ,briti% troops oppos$ to !m4#bi ,9 %ort1 ! ,maoris 7 & are "o ( ! mo/ highly gift$ among ! _m uncivilis$ peoples :i* ! ,engli% race1 9 its expansion ov] ! _w1 has met & subdu$4 ,x is !re=e ( peculi> int]e/ to le>n :at conceptions !y _h =m$ ( man's spiritual nature & 8 relations to ! high] p[]s4 #ag ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,maoris1 p4 #bjb4 ,! elaborate sy/em ( =tification employ$ by ! ,maoris1 ( :i* ! rema9s may be se5 by ?\s&s1 seems to h no exact p>allel 9 ,polynesia4 ,see ,elsdon ,be/1 ,! ,peopl+ ( ,new ,zeal&1 ,man1 xiv4 7#aiad7 p4 #ge4 ,^! native =ts or pas1 z !y 7 call$1 _h (t5 a d\ble or ev5 quadruple l9e ( f5ce1 ! inn]mo/ =m$ by great poles tw5ty or ?irty feet high1 :i* 7 tightly wov5 toge!r by ! fibr\s roots ( a creep]4 ,!y 7 built by pref]5ce on hills1 ! sides ( :i* 7 sc>p$ & t]rac$ to assi/ ! def5ce4 ,"s ( !m 7 v ext5sive & are said to h conta9$ f "o to two ?\s& inhabitants4 ,_m ( !m 7 imm5sely /rong & practically impregnable 9 ! abs5ce ( artill]y4 ,x is believ$ t ! habit ( =tify+ _! villages 0 *>act]i/ic ( ! old] race :om ! ,maoris1 on l&+ 9 ,new ,zeal&1 f\nd 9 occupation ( ! c\ntry4 ,see ,w4 ,yate1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahce71 pp4 #abb sqq42 ,g4 ,f4 ,angas1 ,savage ,life & ,sc5es 9 ,au/ralia & ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahdg71 i4 #ccb sq42 ,elsdon ,be/1 ,notes on ! ,art ( ,w> z conduct$ by ! ,maoris ( ,new ,zeal&1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 vol4 xii4 no4 #d 7,decemb] #aijc71 pp4 #bjd sqq42 ,w4 ,h4 ,sk9n]1 ,! ,anci5t ,=tifi$ ,pa1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 vol4 xx4 no4 #gh 7,june #aiaa71 pp4 #ga-gg4 #ah ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages 7,london1 #ahji71 ii4 #ej4 #ai ,! ru9s ( native irrigation works are to be f\nd 9 ,new ,zeal& z well z 9 o!r p>ts ( ,polynesia 7,j4 ,d5ik]1 ,! ,races ( ,man1 p4 #eja74 #bj ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 pp4 #bjb sq4 #ba ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 ii4 #cj sq41 #dj sq42 ,w4 ,yate1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahce71 pp4 #aeg sqq42 ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 pp4 #bjd sqq42 ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 p4 #e4 #bb ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 ii4 #dg sq42 ,w4 ,yate1 op4 cit4 pp4 #afa sqq4 #bc ,a4 ,%&1 ,! ,occupation ( ! ,*a?am ,isl&s by ! ,maoris 9 #ahce1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 vol4 i4 no4 #b 7,july #ahib71 pp4 #hc sqq4 #bd ,r4 ,taylor1 op4 cit4 p4 #dif2 ,a4 ,r4 ,wallace1 ,au/ralasia 7,london1 #aiac71 pp4 #ddb sq4 #be ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 p4 #bab2 ,elsdon ,be/1 ,notes on ! ,art ( ,w> z conduct$ by ! ,maori ( ,new ,zeal&1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 vol4 xi4 no4 #d 7,decemb] #aijb71 p4 #bdj4 #bf ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 pp4 #bab sqq42 ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 pp4 #ddb sq4 #bg ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #di sq42 ,w4 ,yate1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,new ,zeal&1 p4 #afj4 #bh ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 ii4 #di2 ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 p4 #d4 #bi ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 p4 #d4 ,! ,maoris deliv]$ set spee*es compos$ accord+ to c]ta9 recognis$ laws ( rhetoric1 & _! oratory 0 di/+ui%$ by a native eloqu5ce & grace4 ,see ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 pp4 #ahf sqq4 ,sec4 #c4 ,! ,beliefs ( ! ,maoris conc]n+ ! ,s\ls ( ! ,liv+ ,l mo/ o!r peoples1 :e!r savage or civilis$1 ! ,maoris expla9$ ! my/]y ( life 9 man by ! pres5ce ( an invisible _s or s\l1 :i* animates 8 body dur+ life & quits x at dea? to survive ! sep>ation = a long] or %ort] "t ei!r 9 ?is _w or ano!r4 ,b l _m o!rs :o h s\ght to fa?om ?is pr(\nd subject1 ! ,maoris w\ld seem to h exp]i5c$ "s difficulty 9 asc]ta9+ ! precise nature ( ! human s\l4 ,:5 ! natural man1 on ! /r5g? ( 8 native faculties1 essays to explore ^! d>k abysses & to put 8 vague ?\ghts into words1 he commonly comp>es 8 s\l ei!r to 8 brea? or to 8 %ad[ & 8 reflection1 & n cont5t ) a simple comp>ison he is l$1 by a natural confusion ( ?\ght1 to id5tify m or less closely ! imp]ceptible entity :i* he calls 8 s\l ) "o or bo? ( ^! p]ceptible objects4 ,to ?is g5]al rule ! ,maori is app>5tly no exception4 ,he has two words :i* he specially uses to designate ! human _s or s\l3 "o is wairua1 ! o!r is hau4#cj ,( ^! words1 wairua1 ! m usual "n1 is said to mean also a %ad[1 an unsub/antial image1 a reflection1 z ( a p]son's face f a poli%$ surface2#ca & we may surmise t ^! 7 ! orig9al & prop] mean+s ( ! t]m4 ,simil>ly hau1 :i* is describ$ z ! vital ess5ce or life pr9ciple 9 man1#cb appe>s prim>ily to mean w9d1#cc f :i* we may inf] t 9 its application to man x d5otes prop]ly ! brea?4 ,! idea ( ! s\l z a brea? appe>s 9 ! explanation :i* 0 giv5 to ,dumont d',urville ( ! ,maori =m ( salutation by rubb+ noses toge!r4 ,! ,fr5* travell] 0 told t ! real int5tion ( ?is salute 0 to m+le ! brea? & !reby ! s\ls ( ! p]sons :o gave ea* o!r ?is tok5 ( fri5d%ip4 ,b z 8 in=mant 0 n a ,maori b a c]ta9 ,mr4 ,k5dall1 ! tru? ( ! explanation rema9s d\btful1 ?\gh ! ,fr5*man believ$ t he obta9$ confirmation ( x f 8 own obs]vation & ! te/imony ( a native4#cd ,on ! o!r h& ! comp>ison ( ! s\l to a %ad[ comes out 9 ! answ] giv5 by a ,maori to an ,engli%man :o _h ask$ him :y 8 p did n prev5t _! s\ls f pass+ away to ! ne!r _w4 ,! ,maori repli$ by po9t+ to ! ,engli%man's %ad[ on ! wall & ask+ him :e!r he c\ld cat* x4#ce #cj ,elsdon ,be/1 ,spiritual ,concepts ( ! ,maori1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 vol4 ix4 no4 #d 7,decemb] #aijj71 pp4 #agg sqq41 #ahi sqq4 #ca ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 pp4 #eia sq41 s4v4 wairua4 #cb ,elsdon ,be/1 op4 cit4 p4 #ahi4 #cc ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 p4 #eb1 s4v4 hau2 ,elsdon ,be/1 op4 cit4 p4 #aij4 #cd ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde et a la re*]*e de la ,p]\se1 ,hi/oire du ,voyage 7,p>is1 #ahcb-ahcc71 ii4 #eeh sq4 #ce ,william ,br[n1 ,new ,zeal& & its ,aborig9es 7,london1 #ahde71 p4 #ha4 ,?us f> ! ,maori conception ( ! s\l does n p]haps diff] v mat]ially f ! popul> notion ( x curr5t among ourselves4 ,b we come n[ to a m>k$ diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,maori idea ( ! s\l & our own4 ,= :]eas ! ,european commonly believes 8 s\l to be fix$ dur+ life immovably 9 8 body1 & only to dep>t f x once = all at dea?1 ! s\l ( ! ,maori is "u no su* n>r[ re/rictions1 b is free to quit its bodily mansion at pleasure & to return to x )\t prejudice to ! life & heal? ( its own]4 ,= example1 ! ,maori expla9s a dream by suppos+ t ! s\l ( ! sleep] has left 8 body beh9d & rambl$ away to places m or less di/ant1 :]e x conv]ses ) ! spirits ( o!r p1 :e!r alive or dead4 ,h5ce no well-br$ ,maori w\ld wak5 a sleep] sudd5ly by %ak+ him or call+ out to him 9 a l\d voice4 ,if he mu/ r\se him1 he w d x gradually1 speak+ to him at fir/ 9 l[ tones & !n rais+ 8 voice by degrees1 9 ord] to give ! truant s\l fair w>n+ & all[ x to return at leisure4#cf ,believ+ 9 ! p[] ( ! s\l to w&] f> away & conv]se ) o!r spiritual be+s 9 sleep1 ! ,maoris naturally paid great att5tion to dreams1 :i* !y fanci$ 7 (t5 s5t !m by ! gods to w>n !m ( com+ ev5ts4 ,all dreams 7 suppos$ to h _! special significance1 & ! ,maoris _h fram$ a fanciful sy/em = int]pret+ !m4 ,sometimes1 z ) ourselves1 ! int]pretation w5t by contr>ies4 ,= example1 if a man dream$ t he saw a sick relative at ! po9t ( dea?1 x 0 a sign t ! pati5t w\ld soon recov]2 b if1 on ! contr>y1 ! suff]] appe>$ 9 p]fect heal?1 x 0 an om5 ( 8 approa*+ end4 ,:5 a prie/ 0 9 d\bt z to ! int5tions ( ! high] p[]s1 he usually wait$ = 8 god to reveal 8 w 9 a dream1 & accept$ ! vag>ies ( 8 slumb]+ fancy z an infallible intimation ( ! div9e pleasure4 ,spells 7 commonly recit$ 9 ord] to annul ! effect ( ill-om5$ dreams4#cg #cf ,elsdon ,be/1 ,spiritual ,concepts ( ! ,maori1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 vol4 ix4 no4 #d 7,decemb] #aijj71 pp4 #agg sq4 #cg ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 pp4 #ccc-cce4 ,z to om5s d]iv$ f dreams see ,elsdon ,be/1 ,om5s & ,sup]/iti\s ,beliefs ( ! ,maori1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 vol4 vii4 no4 #bg 7,septemb] #ahih71 pp4 #abd sqq4 ,b ! dep>ture ( ! s\l f ! body 9 life 0 n always volunt>y2 x might take place "u ! compulsion ( a ho/ile sorc]] or magician4 ,9 a ,maori leg5d call$ ,! curse ( ,manaia we read t ! prie/s next dug a long pit1 t]m$ ! pit ( wra?1 into :i* by _! en*antm5ts !y might br+ ! spirits ( _! enemies1 & hang !m & de/roy !m !re2 & :5 !y _h dug ! pit1 mutt]+ ! necess>y incantations1 !y took l>ge %ells 9 _! h&s to scrape ! spirits ( _! enemies into ! pit )1 :il/ !y mutt]$ en*antm5ts2 & :5 !y _h done ?is1 !y scrap$ ! e>? into ! pit aga9 to cov] !m up1 & beat d[n ! e>? ) _! h&s1 & cross$ ! pit ) en*ant$ clo?s1 & wove baskets ( flax-leaves to hold ! spirits ( ! foes :i* !y _h ?us de/roy$1 & ea* ( ^! acts !y accompani$ ) ! prop] spells4#ch #ch ,sir ,george ,grey1 ,polynesian ,my?ology 7,london1 #ahee71 pp4 #afh sq4 ,?is mode ( undo+ an enemy by extract+ & kill+ 8 s\l 0 n ) ! ,maoris a m]e leg5d>y fiction2 x 0 practis$ 9 real life by _! wiz>ds4 ,= we are told t :5 a prie/ desir$ to slay a p]son by wit*craft1 he w\ld (t5 dig a hole 9 ! gr\nd1 & /&+ ov] x ) a cord 9 8 h& w\ld let "o end ( ! cord hang d[n into ! hole4 ,he !n recit$ an incantation :i* compell$ ! s\l ( ! doom$ man to sw>m d[n ! cord into ! pit1 :]eupon ano!r pot5t spell *ant$ by ! magician spe$ily put an end to ! poor s\l = good & all4#ci #ci ,elsdon ,be/1 ,spiritual ,concepts ( ! ,maori1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 vol4 ix4 no4 #d 7,decemb] #aijj71 p4 #ahg4 ,x seems obvi\s t spells ( ?is sort may be us$ ) great advantage 9 w>1 = if y c only contrive to kill ! s\ls ( y\r foes1 _! m]e bodies w probably give y little or no tr\ble4 ,nor did ?is practical application ( ! magic art escape ! sagacity ( ! ,maoris4 ,:5 !y m>*$ to attack an enemy's /ronghold1 x 0 an anci5t cu/om to halt & k9dle a fire1 ov] :i* ! prie/ recit$ c]ta9 spells to cause ! s\ls ( 8 adv]s>ies to be drawn into ! fire & !re to p]i% mis]ably 9 ! flames4 ,9 !ory ! idea 0 admirable1 b un=tunately x did n always "w out 9 practice4 ,= magic is a game at :i* two c play1 & x sometimes happ5$ t ! spells ( ! besieg$ prov$ m p[]ful ?an ^? ( ! besieg]s & enabl$ ! g>rison to defy all ! attempts ( ! enemy to fil* _! s\ls f _! bodies4#dj ,b ev5 :5 ! assailants 7 oblig$ to retire discomfit$1 !y did n always lose he>t1 ! res\rces ( ! magic art 7 n yet exhau/$4 ,on _! return home ! prie/1 no?+ daunt$ by a tempor>y discomfiture1 might betake himself aga9 to 8 spells1 & by croon+ 8 incantations ov] a g>m5t or a weapon belong+ to "o ( 8 p>ty1 might da% 9 pieces ! arms ( ! enemy & cause _! s\ls to p]i%4 ,?us by 8 gho/ly skill w\ld he snat* victory f defeat1 & humble ! pride ( ! insol5t foe 9 ! v mom5t ( 8 imag9>y triumph4#da ,"o way 9 :i* he effect$ 8 purpose 0 to take a bag or basket conta9+ "s sacr$ food1 hold x to ! fire1 & !n op5+ ! bag po9t ! m\? ( x 9 ! direction ( ! enemy4 ,! simple recitation ( a spell !n suffic$ to draw ! s\ls ( ! adv]s>ies into ! bag1 aft] :i* no?+ 0 easi] = him ?an to de/roy !m utt]ly by means ( ! appropriate incantation4#db #dj ,elsdon ,be/1 ,spiritual ,concepts ( ! ,maori1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 vol4 ix4 no4 #d 7,decemb] #aijj71 p4 #aha4 #da ,elsdon ,be/1 ,notes on ! ,art ( ,w> z conduct$ by ! ,maori ( ,new ,zeal&1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 vol4 xi4 no4 #c 7,septemb] #aijb71 p4 #ada4 #db ,elsdon ,be/1 ,notes on ! ,art ( ,w> z conduct$ by ! ,maori ( ,new ,zeal&1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 vol4 xii4 no4 #b 7,june #aijc71 p4 #gb4 ,b valuable z are ^! applications ( magic to practical life1 ! art1 l e good ?+1 is liable to abuse2 & ev5 :]e x is employ$ ) ! be/ int5tions1 ! =ces :i* x controls are s p[]ful t 9 spite ( all precautions an accid5t w sometimes happ54 ,= example1 9 sickness ! pati5t (t5 _h rec\rse to a prie/1 :o w\ld lead him d[n to ! ne>e/ wat]1 :e!r a pool or a /ream1 & !re p]=m ! magical rites necess>y = ! relief ( 8 p>ticul> malady4 ,:ile ! wiz>d 0 engag$ 9 ?is b5efic5t task1 all ! p 9 ! village kept /rictly indoors1 le/ _! s\ls %\ld w&] =? to ! wat]-side & !re collid+1 if ,i may be all[$ ! expression1 ) ! my/ic =ces ( ! prie/'s spells be damag$ or ev5 annihilat$ by ! collision4#dc ,9 su* a case ! fatal consequ5ces 7 ! result ( a pure accid5t1 b sometimes !y 7 int5tional4 ,= ?is fell purpose a malignant wiz>d w\ld dig a hole1 invoke ! _s ( ! man aga9/ :om he _h a grudge1 & :5 ! _s appe>$ ov] ! hole 9 ! =m ( a light1 he w\ld curse x1 & ! man ^: s\l 0 curs$ w\ld be sure to die1 soon] or lat]2 no?+ c\ld save him4 ,! ,uriw]a1 :o dwelt disp]s$ among ! =e/s & lonely hills ( a wild m\nta9\s region 9 ! ,nor? ,isl&1 7 reput$ to be ! greate/ w>locks 9 all ,new ,zeal&4 ,:5 !y desc5d$ f _! m\nta9s to ! coa/1 ! l[l&]s sc>cely d>$ refuse !m any?+ = fe> ( incurr+ _! displeasure4 ,x is said t 9 _! magical rites !y made a special use ( ! spittle ( _! de/9$ victims2 h5ce all visitors to _! c\ntry 7 c>eful to conceal _! spittle le/ !y %\ld give ^! wick$ folk a h&le aga9/ !m4#dd ,ano!r mode 9 :i* a ,maori wiz>d c\ld obta9 p[] ov] a man's s\l 0 by work+ magic on ! footpr9ts ( 8 int5d$ victim4 ,! ?+ 0 done 9 ?is way4 ,suppose y are walk+ & leave y\r footpr9ts beh9d y on ! gr\nd4 ,i come beh9d y1 take up ! e>? f y\r footpr9ts1 & deposit x on ! sacr$ :ata pu>oa1 t is1 a po/ or pill> set up 9 ! holy place ( a village & *>g$ 9 a my/]i\s mann] ) ! vitality bo? ( ! p & ( ! l&4 ,hav+ laid ! e>? f y\r footpr9ts on ! sacr$ po/1 ,i next p]=m a c]emony ( consecration ov] x1 & !n bury x ) a se$ ( sweet potato 9 ! gr\nd4 ,aft] t y are doom$4 ,y may consid] y\rself = all practical purposes n only dead b buri$1 l ! e>? f y\r footpr9ts4#de #dc ,elsdon ,be/1 ,maori ,m$ical ,lore1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 vol4 xiii4 no4 #d 7,decemb] #aijd71 p4 #bbe4 #dd ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 ,travels 9 ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahdc71 ii4 #eh sq42 ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 pp4 #aaf sq42 id41 ,maori ,religion & ,my?ology 7,london1 #ahhb71 p4 #ca4 #de ,elsdon ,be/1 ,spiritual ,concepts ( ! ,maori1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 vol4 ix4 no4 #d 7,decemb] #aijj71 pp4 #aid sq41 #aif4 ,f "s ( ! =ego+ facts x seems to foll[ t ! s\ls ( ! ,maoris are n1 s to say1 con/itutionally immortal1 b t !y are ( a brittle & p]i%able nature1 & t 9 p>ticul> !y are liable to be cut %ort 9 _! c>e] & totally ext]m9at$ by ! insidi\s arts ( magicians4 ,s frequ5tly1 inde$1 did ?is happ5 9 =m] days t ! ,maoris ( old app>5tly recognis$ no o!r cause ( dea?1 b imag9$ t e man & woman w\ld naturally live = ev]1 if ! ?read ( 8 or h] life 7 n prematurely snipp$ by ! abhorr$ %e>s ( "s wit* or wiz>d4 ,h5ce aft] e dea? x 0 cu/om>y to hold an inque/ 9 ord] to discov] ! wret* :o _h br\ght ab\t ! cata/rophe by 8 en*antm5ts2 a sage presid$ at ! solemn enquiry1 & "u 8 direction ! culprit 0 detect$1 hunt$ d[n1 & kill$4#df #df ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 p4 #ea4 ,! ,maoris tell a /ory to expla9 h[ dea? fir/ came into ! _w1 or at lea/ h[ m5 7 prev5t$ f enjoy+ ! boon ( immortality4 ,! /ory runs z foll[s4 ,! great my?ical h]o ( ,polynesia is ,maui1 a demigod or man ( m>vell\s p[]s1 :o liv$ 9 ! e>ly ages ( ! _w1 & ^: mighty de$s are ! !me ( tales ( wond] told f> & wide among ! isl&s ( ! ,pacific4#dg ,9 8 *ildhood 8 "m prophesi$ t he %\ld !reaft] climb ! ?re%old ( 8 great ance/ress ,h9e-nui-te-po1 & t dea? %\ld h no m dom9ion ov] m54 ,a happy pr$iction1 b alas6 nev] de/9$ to be fulfill$1 = ev5 ! w\ld-be savi\r ,maui himself did n escape ! doom ( mortality4 ,! way 9 :i* he became subject to dea? 0 ?is4 ,8 fa!r took him to ! wat] to be baptiz$1 = infant baptism 0 a regul> "p ( ,maori ritual4#dh ,b :5 ! baptism 0 ov] & ! usual pray]s _h be5 (f]$ = mak+ ! lad sacr$ & clean f all impurity1 8 fa!r be?\ght him t ?r\gh ha/e or =getfulness he _h omitt$ "s ( ! pray]s & purifications ( ! baptismal s]vice4 ,x 0 a fatal ov]sight1 & ! anxi\s fa!r 0 /ruck ) con/]nation at ! ?\ght1 = too well he knew t ! gods w\ld puni% ! omission by caus+ 8 son ,maui to die4#di ,yet did 8 son make a brave attempt to rescue all m5 f ! doom ( dea? & to make !m live = ev]4 ,"o day1 aft] he _h p]=m$ _m feats & return$ to 8 fa!r's h\se1 8 fa!r1 heavy at he>t & ov]come ) a =ebod+ ( evil1 said to him1 ,oh1 my son1 ,i h he>d f y\r "m & o!rs t y are v valiant1 & t y h succe$$ 9 all feats t y h und]tak5 9 y\r own c\ntry1 :e!r !y 7 small or great2 b n[ t y h arriv$ 9 y\r fa!r's c\ntry1 y w p]haps be ov]come4 ,!n ,maui ask$ 8 fa!r1 ,:at d y mean8 :at ?+s are !re t ,i c be vanqui%$ by8 ,& 8 fa!r answ]$ him1 ,by y\r great ance/ress1 by ,h9e-nui-te-po1 :o1 if y look1 y may see fla%+1 &1 z x 71 op5+ & %utt+ !re1 :]e ! horizon meets ! sky4 ,& ,maui answ]$1 ,lay aside su* idle ?\ghts1 & let u bo? fe>lessly seek :e!r m5 are to die or live = ev]4 ,& 8 fa!r said1 ,my *ild1 !re has be5 an ill om5 = u2 :5 ,i 0 baptiz+ y1 ,i omitt$ a portion ( ! fitt+ pray]s1 & t ,i "k w be ! cause ( y\r p]i%+4 ,!n ,maui ask$ 8 fa!r1 ,:at is my ance/ress ,h9e-nui-te-po l8 & he answ]$1 ,:at y see yond] %9+ s brightly r$ are h] eyes1 & h] tee? are z %>p & h>d z pieces ( volcanic glass2 h] body is l t ( a man1 & z = ! pupils ( h] eyes1 !y are jasp]2 & h] hair is l ! tangles ( long sea-we$1 & h] m\? is l t ( a b>rac\ta4 #dg ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 pp4 #bcc sqq41 s4v4 ,maui2 ,horatio ,hale1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ,e?nography & ,philology 7,philadelphia1 #ahdf71 p4 #bc4 #dh ,j4 ,l4 ,ni*olas1 ,n>rative ( a ,voyage to ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahag71 i4 #fa sq41 ,! ,new ,zeal&]s make x an inv>iable practice1 :5 a *ild is born among !m1 to take x to ! ,tohunga1 or prie/1 :o spr9kles x on ! face ) wat]1 f a c]ta9 leaf :i* he holds 9 8 h& = t purpose2 & !y believe t ?is c]emony is n only b5eficial to ! infant1 b t ! neglect ( x w\ld be att5d$ ) ! mo/ baneful consequ5ces4 ,9 ! latt] case1 !y consid] ! *ild z ei!r doom$ to imm$iate dea?1 or t1 if all[$ to live1 x w gr[ up ) a mo/ p]v]se & wick$ disposition4 ,be=e or aft] spr9kl+ ! *ild ) wat] ! prie/ be/[$ on ! infant its "n4 ,see ,w4 ,yate1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahce71 pp4 #hb-hd2 ,a4 ,s4 ,?omson1 ,! ,/ory ( ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahei71 i4 #aah sqq42 ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 ,second ,edition 7,london1 #ahgj71 pp4 #ahd sqq4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde et a la re*]*e de la ,p]\se1 ,hi/oire du ,voyage 7,p>is1 #ahcb-ahcc71 ii4 #ddc sq4 7:o says t ! baptism 0 p]=m$ by wom572 ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 ,travels 9 ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahdc71 ii4 #bh-cj 7:o1 9 contradiction to all ! o!r au?orities1 says t ! nam+ ( ! *ild 0 unconnect$ ) its baptism74 #di ,sir ,george ,grey1 ,polynesian ,my?ology 7,london1 #ahee71 p4 #cb4 ,n[ ,h9e-nui-te-po 0 ! ,great ,woman ( ,night1 ! ,goddess ( ,dea?1 :o dwelt 9 ! ne!r _w & dragg$ d[n m5 to h]self4 ,b ,maui 0 n afraid1 = he _h caught ! great ,sun himself 9 a sn>e & beat5 him & caus$ him to g s t>dily z we n[ see him creep+ across ! sky ) lead5 /eps & sl[2 = ( old ! ,sun 0 wont to spe$ across ! firmam5t l a "y man rejoic+ to run a race4 ,s =? f>$ ! h]o on 8 great ent]prise to snat* ! life ( mortals f ! v jaws ( dea?4 ,& !re came to him to be> him company ! small rob91 & ! l>ge rob91 & ! ?ru%1 & ! yell[ hamm]1 & ! pi$ fantail 7tiwakawaka1 ,rhipidura flabelli=a71 & e k9d ( little bird2 & ^! all assembl$ toge!r1 & !y />t$ ) ,maui 9 ! ev5+1 & arriv$ at ! dwell+ ( ,h9e-nui-te-po1 & f\nd h] fa/ asleep4 ,!n ,maui address$ !m all1 & said1 ,my little fri5ds1 n[ if y see me creep into ?is old *iefta9ess1 d n laugh at :at y see4 ,nay1 nay1 d n1 ,i pray y1 b :5 ,i h got altoge!r inside h]1 & j z ,i am com+ out ( h] m\?1 !n y may %\t ) laught] if y please4 ,b 8 little fri5ds 7 fright5$ at :at !y saw1 & !y answ]$1 ,oh1 sir1 y w c]ta9ly be kill$4 ,& he answ]$ !m aga91 say+1 ,if y bur/ out laugh+ at me z soon z ,i get inside h]1 y w wake h] up1 & %e w c]ta9ly kill me at once2 b if y d n laugh until ,i am q inside h]1 & am on ! po9t ( com+ out ( h] m\?1 ,i %all live1 & ,h9e-nui-te-po w die4 ,& 8 little fri5ds answ]$1 ,g on !n1 brave sir1 b pray take good c>e ( y\rself4 ,!n ! "y h]o />t$ (f1 & twi/$ ! /r+s ( 8 weapon tight r\nd 8 wri/1 & w5t into ! h\se1 & /ripp$ (f 8 clo!s1 & ! sk9 on 8 hips 0 z mottl$ & beautiful z ! sk9 ( a mack]el by reason ( ! tattoo m>ks cut on x ) ! *isel ( ,uetongo1 & he ent]$ ! old *iefta9ess4 ,! little birds n[ screw$ up _! little m\?s to keep back _! laught] :5 !y saw him disappe>+ into ! body ( ! giantess2 _! *eeks swell$ up & grew purple1 & !y almo/ *ok$ ) suppress$ emotion4 ,at la/ ! pi$ fantail c\ld be> x no long]1 & he sudd5ly explod$ ) a l\d guffaw4 ,t woke ! old woman1 %e op5$ h] eyes1 & %ut h] jaws ) a snap1 cutt+ ! h]o clean ?r\gh ! middle1 s t 8 legs dropp$ out ( h] m\?4 ,?us di$ ,maui1 b be=e he di$ he begat *ildr51 & sons 7 born to him1 & "s ( 8 desc5dants are alive to ?is day4 ,t1 accord+ to ,maori tradition1 is h[ dea? came into ! _w2 = if only ,maui _h pass$ safely ?r\gh ! jaws ( ! ,goddess ( ,dea?1 m5 w\ld h di$ no m & dea? itself w\ld h be5 de/roy$4 ,?us ! ,maoris set d[n human mortality at ! door ( ! pi$ fantail1 s9ce b = 8 unseasonable m]rim5t we might all h liv$ = ev]4#ej #ej ,sir ,george ,grey1 ,polynesian ,my?ology1 pp4 #ef-eh2 ,john ,:ite1 ,! ,anci5t ,hi/ory ( ! ,maori 7,well+ton & ,london1 #ahhg-ahhi71 ii4 #ih1 #aje-ajg4 ,= ano!r v]sion ( ! my?1 told ) "s m9or v>iations1 see ,s4 ,p]cy ,smi?1 ,! ,lore ( ! ,:>e-wananga1 ,"p ,i4 7,new ,plym\?1 ,n4,z41 #aiac71 pp4 #ade sq41 #agf-agh4 ,= ! id5tification ( ! bird tiwakawaka see ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 p4 #eai1 s4v4 ,tiwaiwaka4 ,sec4 #d4 ,! ,beliefs ( ! ,maoris conc]n+ ! ,s\ls ( ! ,dead ,:5 a *ief di$1 a l\d h[l or wail ann\nc$ ! melan*oly ev5t1 & ! neighb\rs flock$ to ! sc5e ( dea? to te/ify _! sorr[4 ,! wives & ne> relations1 especially ! wom51 ( ! deceas$ display$ _! angui% by cutt+ _! faces1 arms1 legs1 & brea/s ) fl9ts or %ells till ! blood fl[$ d[n 9 /reams2 x 0 n wip$ (f1 = ! m ! p]son ( a m\rn] 0 cov]$ ) clott$ gore1 ! great] 0 e/eem$ 8 or h] respect = ! dead4 ,sometimes relatives w\ld hack (f jo9ts ( _! f+]s z a tok5 ( grief4 ,m\rn]s likewise cut _! hair1 ! m5 g5]ally cont5t+ !mselves ) clipp+ or %av+ x on "o side only1 f ! =ehead to ! neck4 ,! eyes ( ! dead 7 clos$ by ! ne>e/ relative2 & ! body dress$ 9 ! f9e/ mats1 deck$ ) fea!rs1 & provid$ ) weapons1 lay 9 /ate = a "t4 ,aft] ! fir/ day a bro!r ( ! deceas$ us$ to beat ! body ) fre% flax ga!r$ = ! purpose2 ?is he did to drive away any evil ?+ t might be hov]+ ab\t ! corpse4 ,9 ! old5 "t "o or m ( ! *ief's wives w\ld /rangle !mselves1 t _! s\ls might accompany _! dead "l & wait ^u him 9 ! o!r _w1 & ) ! same int5tions slaves 7 kill$1 le/ ! great man %\ld lack att5dants 9 ! _s l&4#ea #ea ,w4 ,yate1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,new ,zeal&1 pp4 #ace sqq42 ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde et a la re*]*e de la ,p]\se1 ,hi/oire du ,voyage 7,p>is1 #ahcb-ahcc71 ii4 #eda sq42 ,s]vant1 ,notice sur la ,n\velle-,zel&e1 ,annales de la ,propagation de la ,foi1 xv4 7#ahdc7 p4 #be2 ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 ,travels 9 ,new ,zeal&1 ii4 #fb1 #aah2 ,w4 ,br[n1 ,new ,zeal& & its ,inhabitants1 pp4 #ae sqq42 ,g4 ,f4 ,angas1 ,savage ,life & ,sc5es 9 ,au/ralia & ,new ,zeal&1 i4 #cca2 ,a4 ,s4 ,?omson1 ,! ,/ory ( ,new ,zeal&1 i4 #ahe sqq42 ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 or ,new ,zeal& & its ,inhabitants1 ,second ,edition 7,london1 #ahgj71 pp4 #bag sq42 ,e4 ,trege>1 ,! ,maoris ( ,new ,zeal&1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xix4 7#ahij7 pp4 #ajd sq4 ,! body 0 kept = ?ree days because1 we are told1 ! s\l 0 believ$ n to quit its mortal habitation till ! ?ird day4#eb ,! mode ( dispos+ ( ! corpse diff]$ 9 diff]5t di/ricts & accord+ to ! rank ( ! deceas$4 ,9 "s places a grave 0 dug 9 ! h\se & ! body buri$ 9 a sitt+ po/ure1 ! legs be+ kept 9 t position by b&ages or d\bl$ up aga9/ ! *e/4 ,9 ! grave ! dead man reta9$ ! f9e g>m5ts 9 :i* he _h be5 dress$ toge!r ) ! family ornam5ts ( jade & %>k's tee?4 ,) him also 0 usually int]r$ 8 prop]ty1 especially ! clo!s :i* he _h worn & ev]y?+ else t _h t\*$ him dur+ 8 la/ illness4 ,! weapons ( a w>rior 7 laid ne> him t he might be able to fight 8 battles 9 ! _s l&4 ,9 o!r places ! corpse 0 laid 9 a box on a /age2 or two pieces ( an old canoe 7 set upright 9 ! e>?1 & 9 ! holl[ betwe5 !m ! body 0 seat$ on a grat+ s z to all[ ! products ( decomposition to drip ?r\gh on ! gr\nd4 ,9 o!r places aga91 ! corpse 0 laid 9 a sort ( canoe-%ap$ c(f9 & deposit$ among ! bran*es ( a tree 9 a grove1 :]e x rema9$ = sev]al mon?s4 ,?is burial 9 ! bran*es ( a tree seems to h be5 usually adopt$ = ! bodies ( common]s2 ! corpses ( *iefs1 enclos$ 9 c(f9s1 7 plac$ 9 mausoleums1 c>v$ & pa9t$ r$1 :i* 7 rais$ on pill>s4 ,:e!r buri$ 9 ! e>? or plac$ 9 a tree or on a /age1 ! body 0 left until ! fle% _h s f> decay$ z to p]mit ( ! bones be+ easily deta*$2 !re 0 no fix$ "t all[$ = decomposition1 x might v>y f ?ree mon?s to six mon?s1 or ev5 a ye>4 ,:5 decay 0 ?\ght to h proce$$ f> en\gh1 ! bones 7 dug up or tak5 d[n f ! /age or tree & scrap$2 ! ornam5ts also 7 remov$ f ! skeleton & worn by ! relatives4 ,9 ! s\?1 :]e ! cu/om 0 to bury ! dead 9 ! gr\nd1 ?is dis9t]m5t took place f\r weeks aft] ! burial2 ! bones 7 !n buri$ aga91 b only to be dug up aga9 aft] a long] int]val1 x might be two ye>s1 = ! f9al c]emony4 ,:5 ?is took place1 all ! fri5ds & relatives ( ! dead 7 summon$ to assi/1 & a great fea/ 0 giv53 ! bones 7 scrap$1 pa9t$ r$1 deck$ ) fea!rs1 & wrapp$ up 9 mats4 ,! preci\s bundle 0 !n deposit$ 9 a small canoe or a m9iature h\se elevat$ on a pole2 or x 0 c>ri$ to ! top ( "s sacr$ tree & !re left on a small /age4 ,sometimes ! bones 7 conceal$ 9 a holl[ tree 9 a secret place ( ! =e/1 or hidd5 away 9 "o ( ! num]\s lime/one cav]ns or 9 "s lonely & inaccessible *asm among ! rocks4 ,! motive = secret burial 0 a fe> le/ an enemy %\ld get possession ( ! bones & pr(ane !m by mak+ fi%-hooks out ( !m or conv]t+ ! skull into a bal] = 8 canoe4 ,su* a pr(anation 0 deem$ a deadly insult to ! surviv+ relatives4 ,aft] a burial ! p]sons :o _h dress$ or c>ri$ ! corpse1 & all inde$ :o _h _h any?+ to d ) x1 repair$ to ! ne>e/ /ream & plung$ !mselves sev]al times ov] head 9 ! wat]4#ec #eb ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 op4 cit4 ii4 #eda4 #ec ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 op4 cit4 ii4 #edc sq42 ,w4 ,yate1 op4 cit4 p4 #acg2 ,s]vant1 ,notice sur la ,n\velle-,zel&e1 ,annales de la ,propagation de la ,foi1 xv4 7#ahdc7 p4 #be2 ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 ,travels 9 ,new ,zeal&1 ii4 #fb sqq42 ,g4 ,f4 ,angas1 ,savage ,life & ,sc5es 9 ,au/ralia & ,new ,zeal&1 i4 #cca2 ,a4 ,s4 ,?omson1 ,! ,/ory ( ,new ,zeal&1 i4 #ahh2 ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 pp4 #bah sqq42 ,e4 ,trege>1 ,! ,maori ( ,new ,zeal&1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xix4 7#ahij7 p4 #aje2 ,elsdon ,be/1 ,cremation among ! ,maori ,tribes ( ,new ,zeal&1 ,man1 xiv4 7#aiad7 p4 #aaj4 ,9 "s di/ricts ! removal ( ! bones f _! tempor>y to _! f9al re/+-place 0 ! occasion ( a gr& annual fe/ival 9 :i* sev]al neighb\r+ tribes took "p4 ,! bones ( all memb]s ( ! tribes :o _h di$ )9 ! ye> 7 tak5 d[n f ! /ages or trees :]e ! bodies _h be5 tempor>ily deposit$4 ,! grave-clo!s hav+ be5 remov$1 ! m\ld]+ rema9s 7 wrapp$ 9 new blankets & c>ri$ 9 procession1 att5d$ by ! cr[d1 to a place :]e !y 7 deposit$ on a c>pet ( leaves4 ,%\ld any putrid fle% be f\nd /ill adh]+ to ! bones1 x 0 scrap$ (f & buri$ on ! spot4 ,a few old wom51 dress$ 9 _! be/1 oil$ f head to foot1 & pla/]$ ) raddle1 receiv$ ! skulls into _! laps4 ,:ile !y held !m ?us1 a fun]al ode 0 sung & spee*es1 l\d & long1 7 deliv]$4 ,!n ! bones 7 ti$ up1 deck$ ) fea!rs ( ! gannet1 roll$ up 9 blankets1 & c>ri$ to _! la/ place ( re/ 9 a sacr$ grove1 :]e !y 7 left1 securely fa/5$ up & gaudily decorat$ ) r$ & :ite4 ,hav+ ?us dis*>g$ _! duty to ! dead1 ! liv+ gave !mselves up to fe/ivity2 !y ate & drank1 danc$1 sang1 :i/l$1 wre/l$1 qu>rell$1 b\ght & sold4 ,?is ,holy ,fair1 :i* w5t by ! "n ( ,hahunga1 la/$ sev]al days4 ,at ! end ( x ! m\rn]s1 or revell]s1 disp]s$ & return$ to _! homes1 lad5 ) food :i* _h be5 made ready = !m by _! ho/s4#ed ,great importance 0 atta*$ to ! f9al disposal ( ! rema9s ( ! dead4 ,accord+ to "o acc\nt1 ! s\l ( ! dead man c\ld n re/ till 8 bones 7 laid 9 ! sepul*re ( 8 ance/ors1 :i* 0 (t5 a natural cave or grotto4 ,!re !y 7 deposit$ on a %elf or plat=m a few feet above ! floor ( ! cav]n4#ee #ed ,w4 ,yate1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,new ,zeal&1 pp4 #acg-aci2 ,s]vant1 ,notice sur la ,n\velle-,zel&e1 ,annales de la ,propagation de la ,foi1 xv4 7#ahdc7 pp4 #bf sq4 ,! "n ,hahunga is d\btless connect$ ) ! v]b hahu :i* means to exhume ! bones ( dead p]sons be=e deposit+ !m 9 _! f9al re/+-place4 ,see ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 p4 #db1 s4v4 hahu4 #ee ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 op4 cit4 ii4 #edc1 #ede4 ,n uncommonly ! bones ( ! dead1 in/ead ( be+ pres]v$1 7 burn$4#ef ,b cremation1 ?\gh n unusual1 seems nev] to h be5 a g5]al cu/om ) ! ,maoris4 ,!y resort$ to x only 9 exceptional circum/ances1 = example1 9 ord] to /ay ! spread ( disease1 or 9 cases :]e a tribe occupi$ op5 c\ntry & f\nd no suitable place :]e to lay ! bones ( _! dead aft] exhumation4 ,cremation = ! latt] reason is said to h be5 practis$ by ! ,ngati-apa tribe 9 ! ,rangatikikei ,di/rict1 & also by ! tribes :o occupi$ ! ,waimate ,pla9s4 ,an old e>?work =t ne> ! pres5t t[n%ip ( ,manaia 0 ! sc5e ( _m cremations ( ! ,maori dead 9 =m] days4 ,aga91 x 0 a common cu/om = a raid+ p>ty to cremate _! dead 9 ! enemy's c\ntry1 :5 !re 0 no "t to c>ry !m home = ! usual obsequies4 ,! int5tion ( burn+ !m 0 to prev5t ! enemy f eat+ ! bodies & mak+ fi%-hooks out ( ! bones4 ,= a simil> reason ev5 ! w\nd$1 :om !y c\ld n c>ry ) !m1 7 sometimes ?r[n into great fires & burnt alive4 ,if ! sla9 man 0 a *ief1 only 8 body w\ld be consum$ 9 ! flames2 8 head w\ld be cut (f1 /eam$1 cur$1 & c>ri$ home1 to be wept ov] by 8 fri5ds4 ,9 ! ,bay ( ,pl5ty di/rict ! bodies ( p]sons :o di$ ( a c]ta9 disease call$ ,kai uaua1 app>5tly consumption1 us$ to be burnt to prev5t ! spread ( ! malady1 & all ! a%es 7 c>efully buri$4#eg #ef ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 p4 #bbj4 ,?is 0 call$ tahunga1 burn+1 a ^w no d\bt d]iv$ f tahu1 to set on fire1 k9dle4 ,see ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 p4 #ddd1 s4v4 tahu4 #eg ,elsdon ,be/1 ,cremation among/ ! ,maori tribes ( ,new ,zeal&1 ,man1 xiv4 7#aiad7 pp4 #aaj sq4 ,(t5 en\gh ! heads ( dead relatives 7 cut (f1 dri$1 & pres]v$ by ! family = _m ye>s 9 ord] to be occasionally br\ght =? & m\rn$ ov]4 ,sometimes a wid[ w\ld sleep ) h] husb&'s sev]$ head at h] side4 ,aft] a victory1 too1 x 0 cu/om>y to decapitate ! sla9 foes & dry _! heads1 :i* 7 !n c>ri$ home & us$ z sc>ecr[s or /uck on %ort /akes 9 ! village1 :]e !y 7 je]$ at & revil$4 ,:5 ! "t came to plant ! sweet potatoes1 & ! prie/s recit$ _! spells = ! sake ( ! crops1 ! dri$ heads 7 sometimes br\ght out & plac$ at ! edge ( ! field1 = ?is 0 believ$ to promote ! gr[? ( ! sweet potatoes4#eh ,app>5tly ! spirits ( ! dead 7 ?\ght able to quick5 ! fruits ( ! e>?4 #eh ,elsdon ,be/1 ,notes on ! ,art ( ,w> z conduct$ by ! ,maori ( ,new ,zeal&1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 vol4 xii4 no4 #d 7,decemb] #aijc71 pp4 #aie-aig4 ,comp>e ,w4 ,yate1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,new ,zeal&1 pp4 #acj sqq42 ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 ,travels 9 ,new ,zeal&1 ii4 #ff4 ,at all ev5ts ! ,maoris und\bt$ly believ$ t ! s\ls ( ! dep>t$ survive ! dea? ( _! bodies = a long] or %ort] "t & 9 _! disembodi$ /ate c influ5ce ! liv+ = weal or woe4 ,! belief 9 ! survival ( ! s\l is /rik+ly manife/$ 9 _! old cu/om ( kill+ wid[s & slaves to s]ve dead *iefs 9 ! o!r _w4 ,x f\nd expression 9 ! m h>mless cu/om ( lay+ food beside a dead p]son or bury+ x ) him 9 ! grave2 b1 z usually happ5s 9 su* cases1 ! gho/ only consum$ ! spiritual ess5ce ( ! victuals1 consid]ately leav+ ! gross mat]ial sub/ance to be despat*$ by ! prie/4#ei ,a dy+ ,maori1 unable to eat a loaf :i* a mission>y _h (f]$ to him1 begg$ t x might be kept = 8 gho/1 :o1 aft] 8 dea?1 w\ld come & =tify himself ) x = ! j\rney to 8 long home4#fj ,at ,tan>aki ! *ild ( a *ief 0 buri$ 9 its fa!r's h\se1 grasp+ 9 ea* ( its little fi/s a t>o = consumption 9 ! o!r _w4 ,ov] ! grave 7 laid bo>ds1 & ! family slept on !m4 ,:5 !y ?\ght t ! *ild's body 0 suffici5tly decay$1 !y dug x up1 scrap$ ! bones1 & hung !m 9 ! v]&ah1 :]e f "t to "t ! prie/ recit$ spells to assi/ ! s\l 9 its asc5t to heav54 ,e spell 0 suppos$ to raise ! s\l "o /age ne>] to ! abode ( bliss4 ,b ! asc5t 0 long & t$i\s1 = !re 7 no less ?an t5 heav5s "o above ! o!r2 ! t5? 0 believ$ to be ! pr9cipal abode ( ! gods4 ,:5 ! p>5ts ( ! *ild :o _h be5 despat*$ to ! happy l& ) t>o 9 ea* h& 7 ask$1 ,:y t>o1 if ! little "o is gone to heav58 !y answ]$ t !y 7 n q sure :e!r x w5t up or d[n1 & !re=e z an additional precaution !y plant$ a se$ ( t>o 9 ! grave1 s t _! (fspr+ might f9d some?+ to eat ei!r above or bel[4#fa #ei ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 op4 cit4 ii4 #edb2 ,g4 ,f4 ,angas1 op4 cit4 ii4 #ga2 ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 p4 #bbj4 #fj ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 l4c4 #fa ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 p4 #bbj4 ,simil> c]emonies 7 p]=m$ to facilitate ! asc5sion ( ! s\ls ( *iefs & prie/s4 ,be=e ! body 0 tak5 to ! place ( burial1 x 0 laid out ) its feet t[>ds ! nor?1 & all ! blood-relations ( ! deceas$1 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 assembl$ r\nd x4 ,!n ! prie/1 /&+ at ! head ( ! corpse1 betwe5 ! r[s ( ! p1 *ant$ two incantations1 ( :i* ! second 0 suppos$ to assi/ ! s\l to asc5d to heav54 ,! prie/ next put a bulb ( t>o 9 ! left h& ( ! corpse & *ant$ ano!r incantation4 ,aft] t1 flax5 cords 7 ti$ ) a slip-knot to a tassel ( ! mat 9 :i* ! body 0 en%r\d$1 & a cord 0 plac$ 9 ! h& ( ea* *ild1 boy & girl1 pres5t at ! c]emony4 ,:5 ! prie/ _h *ant$ "o m incantation1 ea* *ild pull$ ! cord ) a j]k1 to disconnect ! s\l f ! body1 le/ x %\ld rema9 & afflict ! relatives4#fb ,?is la/ rite1 ) ! reason assign$ = x1 is significant at once ( ! dread :i* ! ,maoris felt = dep>t$ spirits1 & ( ! v mat]iali/ic conception :i* !y ent]ta9$ ( ! human s\l1 s9ce !y appe> to h imag9$ t x c\ld be deta*$ f ! body by j]k+ at a cord4 #fb ,john ,:ite1 ,a ,*apt] f ,maori ,my?ology1 ,report ( ! ,?ird ,meet+ ( ! ,au/ralasian ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 held at ,*ri/*ur*1 ,new ,zeal&1 9 ,janu>y #ahia1 pp4 #cfb sq4 ,! wi% to raise ! s\l to heav5 0 p]haps ! motive = ano!r curi\s rite p]=m$ at ! obsequies ( a *ief4 ,:5 ! body _h be5 buri$1 ! *ief return$ to ! village2 b ! m5 :o _h c>ri$ ! body w5t to ! ne>e/ swamp1 & hav+ caught a swamp-sp>r[ 7matata7 s5t ^w to ! prie/1 :o =?) rejo9$ !m4 ,ea* ( ! be>]s 0 !n provid$ ) a /ick to :i* c]ta9 ( ! fea!rs ( ! bird 7 ti$4 ,!n1 hold+ ! /icks 9 _! h&s1 !y sat on _! heels 9 a r[ opposite ! prie/1 :o /ood fac+ ! ea/ ) a /ick simil>ly adorn$ 9 8 left h&4 ,next he mov$ to ! s\? end ( ! r[ ( m5 & *ant$1 & z he *ant$ he gradually rais$ 8 /ick1 :ile at ! same "t all ! be>]s1 hold+ _! /icks at arm's l5g?1 gradually rais$ !m & _! bodies simultane\sly1 keep+ p]fect "t1 till ! prie/ _h conclud$ 8 *ant1 :5 !y all /ood erect ) out/ret*$ arms4 ,aft] t ! prie/ collect$ ! /icks & ?rew !m d[n 9 front ( ! mua1 :i* seems to h be5 a k9d ( alt>4#fc ,we may surmise t ! c]emony 0 int5d$ to waft ! s\l ( ! dead *ief upw>d1 ! fea!rs ( ! bird be+ naturally fitt$ to facilitate its heav5w>d flight4 #fc ,john ,:ite1 ,a ,*apt] f ,maori ,my?ology1 op4 cit4 p4 #cfc4 ,z to ! mean+ ( mua1 see ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 p4 #bfg1 s4v4 mua4 ,at o!r times1 h[ev]1 ) ! inconsi/5cy s common 9 su* matt]s1 x appe>s to h be5 suppos$ t ! s\l set out on its f> j\rney across ! sea1 & /eps 7 accord+ly tak5 to equip x = ! voyage4 ,?us we he> ( a wahi tapu or sacr$ repository ( ! prop]ty ( a deceas$ *ief1 :i* conta9$1 among o!r ?+s1 a little canoe ) sail & paddles1 to s]ve z a f]ry-boat = ! _s to ent] 9 safety into ! et]nal abodes4 ,nev]!less 9 ! same enclosure1 :i* 0 f5c$ ) a d\ble set ( pal+s1 calaba%es ( food & wat]1 & a di% prep>$ f ! pigeon1 7 plac$ = ! gho/ to regale itself :5 visit+ ! spot2 & ! hea!n natives av] t at night ! _s comes & fe$s f ! sacr$ calaba%es4#fd #fd ,g4 ,f4 ,angas1 ,savage ,life & ,sc5es 9 ,au/ralia & ,new ,zeal&1 ii4 #gj sq4 ,_m p 9 ! ,t>anaki di/rict ?\ght t s\ls w5t nei!r up nor d[n1 b always /ay$ ne> _! m\ld]+ bodies4 ,h5ce ! sacr$ grove 9 :i* _! rema9s 7 buri$ 0 full ( disembodi$ spirits2 & :5 a man di$ a viol5t dea? 8 s\l w&]$ ab\t disconsolate1 till a prie/ by 8 spells & en*antm5ts _h br\ght ! poor gho/ )9 ! spiritual fold4#fe #fe ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 pp4 #bbj sq4 ,:5 a *ief 0 kill$ 9 battle & eat5 by 8 foes1 z (t5 happ5$1 8 dep>t$ _s ent]$ ! /ones ( ! ov5 9 :i* 8 body _h be5 cook$1 & ! /ones reta9$ _! heat s long z ! gho/ 0 9 !m4 ,mean:ile 8 sorr[+ fri5ds at home recit$ _! mo/ pot5t spells to draw 8 s\l out ( ! ov5 & back to ! sacr$ grove 7wahi tapu7 ! burial-place ( 8 p2 = o!rwise ! s\l c\ld f9d no repose1 b mu/ roam ab\t = ev]1 wreak+ its spite on ! liv+1 = all disembodi$ spirits 7 deem$ malici\s4 ,h5ce aft] a battle1 if p c\ld n obta9 ! body ( a sla9 fri5d1 !y s\ght to procure at lea/ "s drops ( 8 blood or %r$s ( 8 raim5t1 t by croon+ ov] !m ! appropriate spell !y might draw home ! vagrant _s to 8 place ( re/4 ,! burial-gr\nds 7 reg>d$ ) awe & fe>1 = sometimes a re/less gho/ w\ld break b\nds & spread sickness among ! inhabitants ( ! neighb\rhood4 ,)9 _! sacr$ prec9cts /ood alt>s or /ages = (f]+s to ! gods1 & any liv+ man :o ent]$ !m did s at 8 p]il4 ,= ! same reason no "o w\ld set foot 9 a h\se :]e a dead man or woman _h be5 buri$4 ,h5ce 9 ne>ly e village half ! h\ses /ood empty & des]t$1 fall+ into decay1 t5ant$ only by gho/s4 ,! liv+ _h con/antly be=e _! eyes ! mansions ( ! dead4#ff #ff ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 p4 #bba4 ,! common belief ( ! ,maoris seems to h be5 t ! s\ls ( ! dead pass away to a region ( ! und]world1 :i* 0 sometimes call$ ,po & sometimes ,re+a4 ,prop]ly speak+1 ,po 0 night or ! primaeval d>kness out ( :i* all =ms ( life & light 7 evolv$ or creat$2#fg & ,re+a 0 n s mu* ! _s l& itself z ! leap+-(f place :]e ! s\ls bade good-bye to e>? & took _! dep>ture = ! f> c\ntry4 ,?is leap+-(f place 0 at ! ,nor? ,cape1 ! ,l&'s ,end ( ,new ,zeal&4 ,! cape t]m9ates 9 a /eep cliff ) a sea-cave at its foot1 into :i* ! tide ru%es ) a ?und]\s ro>4 ,!re ! evil _s ,wiro is ?\ght to dwell1 lurk+ = 8 prey2 = he batt5s on su* ( ! pass+ s\ls ( ! dead z he c get into 8 clut*es4 ,on _! passage to ! ,nor? ,cape ! gho/s /op by ! way at two hills2 at ! fir/1 :i* is call$ ,wai-hokimai1 !y wail1 cut !mselves1 & /rip (f _! clo!s2 at ! second1 :i* is call$ ,wai-otioti1 !y turn _! backs on ! l& ( ! liv+ & set _! faces to ! l& ( ! dead4 ,arriv$ at ! cape !y pass outw>d ov] a long n>r[ l$ge ( rock & !n leap d[n on a flat /one4 ,!re !y see a mass ( sea-we$ float+ on ! wat]1 its roots hidd5 9 ! dep?1 its upp] bran*es cl++ to a pohutukawa tree4 ,:5 !y p]ceive an op5+ 9 ! sea-we$ !y dive & soon f9d !mselves 9 ! l[] _w4 ,b be=e !y rea* ! abode ( spirits !y mu/ cross a riv] by a plank2 ! riv] is call$ ,waiorotane or ! ,riv] ( ! ,wat] ( ,life2 & sometimes ! w>d5 ( ! plank w n suff] ! gho/s to pass ! riv]1 b drives !m back ) fri5dly viol5ce & bids !m return to _! fri5ds on e>?4 ,su* s\ls come back to ! bright _w ( light & life1 & tell _! fri5ds :at !y h se5 & he>d on ! j\rney to t b\rne f :i* s _m travell]s return no m4 ,h5ce :5 any "o has recov]$ f a dang]\s sickness or escap$ "s great p]il1 !y say ( him t he has come back f ! ,riv] ( ! ,wat] ( ,life4 ,ev5 if a s\l has cross$ t sombre /ream1 he may /ill return to ! l& ( ! liv+1 if only he refuses to p>take ( ! food set be=e him by ! gho/s2 b %\ld he ta/e ( x1 he _c come back4 ,!y say t p liv+ ne> ! ,nor? ,cape c he> ! spirits ( ! dead pass+ ?r\gh ! air on _! way to ! _s l&2 & 9 ! old days1 :5 a battle _h be5 f\ght & be=e ! news ( x c\ld rea* !m by ^w ( m\?1 ! natives ne> ! cape 7 made aw>e ( :at _h happ5$ by ! ru%+ s\nd ( a great multitude flitt+ by ov]head 9 ! d>kness4#fh ,p]haps ! sigh+ ( ! night-w9d or ! clang\r ( birds ( passage w++ _! way out to sea may h contribut$ to create or fo/] ^! fancies4 #fg ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 p4 #cdb1 s4v4 ,po4 #fh ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 pp4 #aej sqq42 id41 ,maori ,religion & ,my?ology1 p4 #de2 ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 pp4 #eb1 #bca2 ,w4 ,yate1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,new ,zeal&1 p4 #adj2 ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 ,travels 9 ,new ,zeal&1 ii4 #ff sq42 ,e4 ,trege>1 ,! ,maoris ( ,new ,zeal&1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xix4 7#ahij7 pp4 #aah sq42 id41 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 pp4 #djg sq41 #eia1 s4vv4 ,re+a & ,waiora2 ,john ,:ite1 ,a ,*apt] f ,maori ,my?ology1 ,report ( ! ,?ird ,meet+ ( ! ,au/ralasian ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 held at ,*ri/*ur*1 ,new ,zeal&1 9 ,janu>y #ahia1 pp4 #cfa sq4 ,on ! day aft] a burial ! prie/ us$ to p]=m a c]emony to facilitate ! passage ( ! s\l to its f9al re/4 ,= ?is purpose "s m5 w\ld g out 9 ! morn+ & kill a small bird ( ! swamps call$ kokata & pluck up "s re$s ( a c]ta9 sort 7wiwi74 ,^! !y br\ght to ! prie/ at ! grave4 ,he ask$ !m1 ,:5ce came ye8 ,!y answ]$1 ,f ! seek+1 f ! se>*+4 ,he ask$ !m aga91 ,ah6 :at h y got8 ah6 :at h y ga9$8 ,!n ! m5 ?rew ! bird & ! re$s on ! gr\nd4 ,next ! prie/ *ose a /alk ( grass or f]n & put x ne> ! grave 9 a direction po9t+ t[>ds ,hawaiki1 ! l& f> away f :i* ! =efa!rs ( ! ,maoris came long ago4 ,ano!r /alk ( grass or f]n 0 laid ne> ! place ( dea?1 & along ^! /alks ! s\l ( ! dead man travell$ to rejo9 8 fri5ds & k9sfolk :o _h gone be=e4#fi #fi ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,maori ,religion & ,my?ology1 p4 #dd4 ,su* a /alk to aid ! _s on its passage 0 call$ a tiri4 ,comp>e ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 p4 #eag1 s4v4 ,tiri4 ,! c]emony describ$ 9 ! text resembles 9 "s po9ts ! "o :i* seems int5d$ to raise ! s\l ( ! deceas$ to heav54 ,see above1 p4 #be4 ,z might be anticipat$1 ! acc\nts :i* ! ,maoris gave ( ! _s _w & ( life 9 x 7 nei!r cle> nor consi/5t4 ,accord+ to "o acc\nt1 :ile ! heav5s increase 9 beauty z !y asc5d "o above ! o!r1 ! l[] regions increase 9 d>kness & horror z !y desc5d1 ea* be+ d>k] & worse ?an ! "o above x1 till 9 ! l[e/ ( all complete d>kness reigns4 ,!re ! s\ls1 depriv$ alike ( light & food1 wa/$ away & ultimately ceas$ to exi/2 or accord+ to ano!r acc\nt !y assum$ ! %ape ( worms & 9 t guise return$ to e>?1 :]e !y di$ a second dea? & s f9ally p]i%$4 ,b x 0 only ! s\ls ( common folk :i* came to ?is melan*oly end4 ,*iefs & prie/s 7 believ$ to be desc5d$ f ! gods1 & at dea? _! s\ls asc5d$ to heav51 !re to live = ev]4#gj #gj ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 p4 #bcb2 ,john ,:ite1 ,a ,*apt] f ,maori ,my?ology1 ,report ( ! ,?ird ,meet+ ( ! ,au/ralasian ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 held at ,*ri/*ur*1 ,new ,zeal&1 9 ,janu>y #ahia1 pp4 #cfa sq4 ,o!r reports1 h[ev]1 pa9t ! ne!r _w 9 m *e]ful col\rs4 ,we are told t ! s\ls ( ! dead live !re v mu* z p d on e>?1 b all good ?+s are m pl5tiful !re ?an "h4 ,! /aple food ( ! gho/s is sweet potatoes1 & ! quality ( ! potatoes appe>s to be rem>kably f9e2 = once a woman1 :o _h ! good =tune to g to ! _s l& & come back1 receiv$ f h] dead fa!r 9 ! ne!r regions two roots ( sweet potatoes ( a mo/ prodigi\s size4 ,^! ! gho/ told h] to take back to e>? & plant = ! b5efit ( 8 gr&*ild4 ,s %e hurri$ away ) !m & arriv+ at ! foot ( ! ,nor? ,cape _h begun to clamb] up ! face ( ! cliff1 :5 two infant spirits ov]took h] & attempt$ to drag h] back to dead l& by tugg+ at h] cloak4 ,to div]t _! att5tion %e ?rew ! two roots ( sweet potato beh9d h]1 & :ile ! sprites 7 mun*+ !m %e made good h] escape up ! cliff & succe$$ 9 rea*+ home4 ,h] fri5ds 7 v glad to see h] aga91 b !y always lam5t$ t %e _h n br\ght back at lea/ "o ( ^? gigantic roots ( sweet potato1 s9ce x w\ld unque/ionably h done mu* to improve ! quality ( sweet potatoes gr[n "h on e>?4#ga #ga ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 ,travels 9 ,new ,zeal&1 ii4 #dh sq41 #fg1 #aah2 ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 pp4 #aec sqq42 ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 pp4 #bcc sq4 ,b ! spirits ( ! dead are by no means /rictly conf9$ to ! l[] _w2 !y c quit x f "t to "t & return to e>?1 !re to influ5ce ! actions & =tunes ( ! liv+ & to communicate ) !m ?r\gh ! prie/1 :o c he> _! voices4 ,!y speak 9 :i/l+ tones1 :i* ev5 common folk c sometimes di/+ui% z !y walk ab\t 9 ! d>k4 ,(t5 _! communications are made to ! prie/ or *ief 9 dreams1 & he ann\nces ! glad or m\rnful tid+s to o!r p 9 ! morn+4 ,any comm&s convey$ 9 ?is mann] f ! o!r _w are1 or us$ to be1 implicitly obey$ & might decide ! c\rse to be pursu$ 9 ! mo/ important affairs ( life4#gb ,9 "s tribes1 especially among ! natives ( ,wangunui1 x us$ to be cu/om>y to keep 9 ! h\ses small c>v$ images ( wood1 ea* ( !m d$icat$ to an ance/or ( ! family1 :o 0 believ$ occasionally to ent] into ! image 9 ord] to hold conv]se ) 8 liv+ desc5dants4#gc ,b ev5 )\t ! int]v5tion ( su* images ! prie/ c\ld summon up ! spirits ( ! dead & conv]se ) !m 9 ! pres5ce ( ! relatives or ( /rang]s2 at ^! int]views1 :i* 7 held )9 doors & 9 ! d>k1 ! voices ( ! gho/s1 or p]haps ( ! prie/ly v5triloqui/1 7 sometimes di/9ctly audible ev5 to sceptical ,europeans4 ,nor 0 ! art ( necromancy conf9$ to m52 = we read ( an old woman :o1 l ! wit* ( ,endor1 pr(ess$ to ex]cise ?is gho/ly (fice1 & treat$ an ,engli% visitor to an exhibition ( h] p[]s4#gd #gb ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 ,travels 9 ,new ,zeal&1 ii4 #fg1 #aah2 ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 ii4 #hc1 #hd4 #gc ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 p4 #hc4 #gd ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 pp4 #hd sqq42 ,old ,new ,zeal&1 by a ,pakeha ,maori 7,london1 #ahhd71 pp4 #abb sqq4 ,z to ! belief 9 ! reappe>ance ( ! dead among ! liv+ comp>e ,r4 ,a4 ,cruise1 ,j\rnal ( a ,t5 ,mon?s' ,resid5ce 9 ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahbc71 p4 #ahf3 ,! belief 9 ! reappe>ance ( ! dead is univ]sal among ! ,new ,zeal&]s3 !y fancy !y he> _! deceas$ relatives speak+ to !m :5 ! w9d is high2 :5ev] !y pass ! place :]e a man has be5 murd]$1 x is cu/om>y = ea* p]son to ?r[ a /one ^u x2 & ! same practice is obs]v$ by all ^? :o visit a cav]n at ! ,nor? ,cape1 ?r\gh :i* ! spirits ( dep>t$ m5 are suppos$ to pass on _! way to a future _w4 ,! spirits ( ! dead 7 sometimes useful to ! liv+1 = commonly en\gh !y w\ld appe> to _! k9sfolk 9 dreams & w>n !m ( approa*+ foes or o!r dang]s4 ,aga91 !y might be & 7 invok$ by spells & en*antm5ts to av5ge a murd] or ev5 to slay an innoc5t p]son aga9/ :om ! en*ant] _h a grudge4#ge ,b = ! mo/ "p ! gho/s 7 greatly dread$ z malici\s demons :o work$ h>m to man4#gf ,ev5 ! ne>e/ & de>e/ relations 7 believ$ to h _! natures radically *ang$ by dea? & to hate ^? :om !y _h lov$ 9 life4#gg ,& s p[]ful 7 ^! malignant be+s suppos$ to be t !y 7 confus$ ) ! gods1 or r ! spirits ( ! dead became !mselves gods to all int5ts & purposes1 & play$ a mu* m important "p 9 ! religi\s life ( ! ,maoris ?an ! high primaeval deities1 ! p]sonifications ( nature1 :o figur$ 9 ,maori my?ology & cosmogony4#gh ,! gods :om ! ,maoris fe>$1 we are told1 7 ! spirits ( ! dead1 :o 7 believ$ to be con/antly wat*+ ov] ! liv+ ) jeal\s eyes1 le/ !y %\ld neglect any "p ( ! law relat+ to p]sons or ?+s subject to ! sacr$ re/riction call$ taboo 7tapu74 ,^! spirits1 h[ev]1 conf9$ _! c>e almo/ exclusively to p]sons among ! liv+ ) :om !y 7 connect$ by ties ( relation%ip1 s t e tribe & e family _h its own wor%ipful ance/ral _s or god1 :om memb]s ( ! tribe or family invok$ ) appropriate pray]s or spells 7k>akias74 ,ance/ral spirits :o liv$ 9 ! fle% be=e ! ,maoris emigrat$ to ,new ,zeal& 7 invok$ by all ! tribes 9 ,new ,zeal& )\t di/9ction1 s f> z _! names & memories surviv$ 9 tradition4 ,?us ! wor%ip ( ^! remote ance/ors con/itut$ :at may be call$ ! national religion ( ! ,maoris z di/+ui%$ f ! tribal & family religions1 :i* consi/$ 9 ! wor%ip ( ne>] & bett] rememb]$ prog5itors4 ,! great importance atta*$ by ! ,maoris to ! wor%ip ( ance/ors may acc\nt1 we are told1 = ! c>e ) :i* !y pres]v$ _! g5ealogies2 s9ce ! names ( ance/ors (t5 =m$ ! gr\ndwork ( _! religi\s =mulas 7k>akias71 & any error or ev5 hesitation 9 repeat+ ^! pray]s or incantations 0 deem$ fatal to _! efficacy4#gi ,ance/or wor%ip1 or r ! deification ( ance/ors1 0 ess5tially a ,maori cult4 ,x 0 a =m ( necrolatry1 or h]o wor%ip4 ,a man w\ld placate ! _s ( 8 fa!r1 gr&fa!r1 or ance/or1 & make (f]+s to ! same1 t su* _s might protect 8 life pr9ciple1 w>n him ( approa*+ dang]1 & give =ce or effectiv5ess to 8 rites & *>ms ( black or :ite magic4#hj #ge ,elsdon ,be/1 ,spiritual ,concepts ( ! ,maori1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 vol4 ix4 no4 #d 7,decemb] #aijj71 p4 #ahb4 #gf ,elsdon ,be/1 op4 cit4 p4 #ahd4 #gg ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 p4 #ajd4 #gh ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,! ,s\!rn ,di/ricts ( ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahea71 p4 #bid2 id41 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 pp4 #hj1 #ha2 id41 ,maori ,religion & ,my?ology1 pp4 #aj sq42 ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 p4 #ajh1 ,maori gods are s mix$ up ) ! spirits ( ance/ors1 ^: wor%ip ent]$ l>gely into _! religion1 t x is difficult to di/+ui% "o f ! o!r4 #gi ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 p4 #ha2 id41 ,maori ,religion & ,my?ology1 p4 #aa4 ,z to ! k>akias1 :i* 7 pray]s or invocations1 spells or incantations1 address$ to gods or ance/ral spirits1 see ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,maori ,religion & ,my?ology1 pp4 #bh sqq42 ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 p4 #abh1 s4v4 k>akia4 ,app>5tly ! k>akia p>took ( ! nature ( a spell r ?an ( a pray]1 s9ce x 0 believ$ to be s pot5t t ! m]e utt]ance ( x compell$ ! gods to d ! w ( ! p]son :o recit$ ! =mula4 ,see ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 pp4 #ahj sq43 ,! ,maori1 9 8 hea!n /ate1 nev] und]took any "w1 :e!r hunt+1 fi%+1 plant+1 or w>1 )\t fir/ utt]+ a k>akia2 he w\ld n ev5 take a j\rney )\t repeat+ a spell to secure 8 safety2 /ill he c\ld n be said to pray1 =1 prop]ly speak+1 !y _h no su* ?+ z pray]4 ,z 9 w>1 !y arm$ !mselves ) ! mo/ =midable weapons !y c\ld procure1 & laid _! plans ) ! greate/ skill !y possess$1 s to secure ! fruition ( _! desires1 !y us$ _! mo/ p[]ful means to compel ! gods to be ob$i5t to _! wi%es1 :e!r !y s\ght = victory ov] _! foes1 fruitful crops1 successful fi%+s1 or hunt+s1 !y call$ 9 ! aid ( pot5t incantations2 :5 !y plant$ _! kum>a sweet potatoes1 !y s\ght to compel ! god :o presid$ ov] !m to yield a good increase2 :5 !y prep>$ _! nets & _! hooks1 !y mu/ =ce ! ocean god to let 8 fi% ent] !m2 z ! k+dom ( heav5 suff]s viol5ce1 & ! viol5t take x by /orm1 s ! hea!n ,maori s\ght1 by spells & incantations1 to compel ! gods to yield to _! wi%es2 !y add$ sacrifices & (f]+s at ! same "t1 to appease z x 7 _! ang]1 = be+ ?us con/ra9$ to d :at !y wi%$ !m4 ,_! ance/ors 7 address$ z p[]ful famili> fri5ds2 !y gave !m (f]+s1 & if x c be said t any pray]s 7 (f]$ up1 x 0 to !m !y 7 made4 ,! ^w k>akia1 :i* we use = pray]1 =m]ly meant a spell1 *>m1 or incantation4 #hj ,elsdon ,be/1 ,maori ,religion1 ,report ( ! ,twelf? ,meet+ ( ! ,au/ralasian ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 held at ,brisbane1 #aiji1 p4 #dei4 ,! ance/ral spirits :o p>ticul>ly wat*$ ov] ! =tunes ( a tribe 7 ! s\ls ( its dead w>riors & great m54 ,9 w> ^! p[]ful1 ?\gh invisible1 be+s 7 ?\ght to att5d ! army & direct its movem5ts on ! m>* by communicat+ advice or w>n+ ?r\gh "s "o or o!r ( _! ne>e/ liv+ k9sm54 ,9 battle !y hov]$ ov] ! combatants & inspir$ c\rage into ! he>ts ( _! own tribe4 ,h5ce :51 on ! eve ( battle1 any "y man %[$ signs ( ! :ite fea!r1 rec\rse 0 imm$iately _h to ! family prie/1 :o repeat$ a *>m1 invok+ ! aid ( 8 fri5dly _s2 = ! s5sation ( fe> 0 ascrib$ to ! baneful influ5ce ( a ho/ile _s4 ,if ! fri5dly _s prevail$1 & ! crav5 _s 0 expell$1 ! "y man w\ld ru% into ! ?icke/ ( ! fight & prove himself ! brave/ ( ! brave4#ha #ha ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 pp4 #ha sq4 ,! int]e/ tak5 by ! spirits ( ! dead 9 mundane affairs seldom ext5d$ beyond ! limits ( ! tribe to :i* !y belong$4 ,h5ce a captive 9 w>1 :o 0 c>ri$ away & enslav$ by ano!r tribe1 ceas$ f t mom5t to be "u ! protection & c>e ( any ance/ral _s or god4 ,= ! ance/ral spirits ( 8 own tribe did n tr\ble !mselves to foll[ him among a ho/ile tribe & ho/ile spirits1 & ! ance/ral spirits ( ! tribe :om he s]v$ z a slave w\ld n deign to give him a ?\ght4 ,h5ce be+ =sak5 ( god & left to _! own devices1 slaves 7 reliev$ f _m ( ! burd5some re/rictions :i* ! ,maori gods laid ^u _! wor%ipp]s2 !y 7 !re=e free to p]=m _m m5ial (fices1 p>ticul>ly 9 reg>d to c>ry+ & cook+ food1 :i* no free ,maori c\ld dis*>ge )\t s9n+ aga9/ ! sacr$ law ( taboo & incurr+ ! wra? ( ! ance/ral spirits1 :o = su* a transgression might puni% ! s9n] ) sickness or dea?4#hb #hb ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 pp4 #hb sq42 id41 ,! ,s\!rn ,di/ricts ( ,new ,zeal&1 pp4 #bif sq4 ,9 addition to _! deifi$ ance/ors1 :o _h liv$ z m5 ( fle% & blood on e>?1 ! ,maoris believ$ 9 c]ta9 great primaeval deities1 :o _h exi/$ be=e ! human race came into be+1 & ^: do+s 7 ! !me ( _m my?ical /ories4 ,^! mighty be+s appe> to h be5 p]sonifications ( ! v>i\s =ces or elem5ts ( nature1 su* z ! sky & ! e>?4 ,b ?\gh fancy wove r\nd !m a gli/]+ web ( my? & fable1 !y 7 app>5tly believ$ to /& alo( 9 cold ab/raction f human affairs & to take no int]e/ 9 ! pres5t race ( m54 ,! practical religion ( ! ,maori 0 conc5trat$ on ! s\ls ( 8 deceas$ k9sfolk & =efa!rs3 nei!r 9 any exi/+ sup]/ition nor tradition1 purely su*1 is !re to be f\nd int]nal evid5ce t an idea ( ,god exi/$ m exalt$ ?an t ( ! _s ( a dead ance/or4#hc #hc ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 p4 #hj4 ,comp>e id41 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 p4 #ha2 id41 ,! ,s\!rn ,di/ricts ( ,new ,zeal&1 p4 #bid2 id41 ,maori ,religion & ,my?ology1 pp4 #aj sq4 ,9 ,maori my?ology ,rangi is ! p]sonification ( ! sky1 & ,papa ( e>?4 ,!y 7 ! primal p>5ts1 & ! o!r great gods 7 _! (fspr+4 ,see ,elsdon ,be/1 ,! ,maori ,g5ius = ,p]sonification1 ,transactions ( ! ,new ,zeal& ,in/itute1 liii4 7#aiba7 p4 #b4 ,among ! great primordial deities :o 7 wor%ipp$ by all tribes ( ,new ,zeal& may be m5tion$ ,tane1 ,tu1 ,tang>oa1 & ,rongo4 ,( ! f\r1 ,tane 0 ! orig9 & tutel>y deity ( =e/s & birds3 no tree might be fell$ & no bird caught till c]ta9 rites _h be5 p]=m$ to placate him4 ,tu 0 ! god ( w>4 ,tang>oa 0 ! god ( ! ocean1 ! orig9 & tutel>y deity ( fi%4 ,rongo 0 ! god ( peace1 & presid$ ov] agriculture4 ,see ,elsdon ,be/1 ,maori ,religion1 ,report ( ! ,twelf? ,meet+ ( ! ,au/ralasian ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 held at ,brisbane1 #aiji1 p4 #deh4 ,! same f\r gods1 ) names only dialectically diff]5t1 71 z we %all see lat] on1 ! pr9cipal deities ( ! ,s&wi* ,isl&]s1 ! mo/ di/ant geographically f ! ,maoris ( all ! ,polynesians4 ,! co9cid5ce furni%es an example ( ! homog5eity ( religion :i* prevail$ among ! v>i\s bran*es ( ! ,polynesian race4 ,! ^w :i* ! ,maoris appli$ to a god1 :e!r a p]sonification ( nature or ! _s ( a dead ance/or1 0 atua4 ,! "n is n conf9$ to ! ,maori language1 b is ! common ^w = god ?r\gh\t ,polynesia4#hd ,:5 ! ,maoris attempt to def9e ! nature ( an atua1 !y h rec\rse to ! same comp>isons ) a %ad[ & ) brea? :i* appe> to und]lie _! conception ( ! human s\l4#he ,b ?\gh god is ! ne>e/ ,engli% equival5t ( ! ^w atua1 we mu/ bew>e ( assum+ t ! ,maori idea ( godhead co9cid$ ) ours4 ,on ?is subject "o ( our be/ au?orities tells u t ! t]m god is really n applicable to ! ,atua ,maori1 ! s-call$ gods ( ! ,maoris4 ,= ^! be+s1 he says1 71 ) few exceptions1 malignant demons1 to be fe>$ & placat$ or conciliat$1 b n wor%ipp$4 ,_! pr9cipal task seems to h be5 ! inflict+ ^u mank9d ( div]se evils1 pa9s1 & p5alties4 ,( ! few good (fices p]=m$ by !m1 ! w>n+ ( ! p 9 reg>d to com+ tr\bles1 seems to h be5 ! mo/ important4 ,! va/ majority ( ! s-call$ gods ( ! ,maori 7 simply deifi$ ance/ors4#hf #hd ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 pp4 #cj sq41 s4v4 ,atua4 #he ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde et a la re*]*e de la ,p]\se1 ,hi/oire du ,voyage 7,p>is1 #ahcb-ahcc71 ii4 #eaf sq4 #hf ,elsdon ,be/1 ,notes on ! ,art ( ,w> z conduct$ by ! ,maori ( ,new ,zeal&1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 vol4 xi4 no4 #b 7,june #aijb74 pp4 #fc sq4 ,9 ord] to illu/rate ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,maori conception ( deity & our own1 ,i w quote ! words ( ano!r em95t au?ority on ! native religion ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s4 ,he says1 ,be=e ! my?ology ( ! ,maori is fur!r consid]$1 x w be necess>y briefly to /ate :at 7 ! ideas ( ,god ent]ta9$ by ! natives4 ,! ^w atua1 or _s1 :i* is us$ = ,god1 =m]ly _h v>i\s significations2 a plague or disease 0 also he atua1 or ,god2 a ?ief 0 an atua1 ?us also a ?ievi% dog 0 he kuri atua1 a god-l dog1 s also he tangata atua ki te muru1 a man equal to a god 9 /eal+2 a *ild :o pilf]$ 0 he tamaiti atua1 a div9e *ild2 !re 7 great spirits & small ones1 a man's _s 0 an atua pore pore1 a little _s1 b ,m>u ,rongomai & o!r gods 7 ,atua nui1 great gods2 !re 7 atua ika1 reptile or fi% gods2 a great *ief 0 call$ ,he ika1 a fi%1 sea mon/]1 or reptile1 & 0 reg>d$ z a malignant god 9 life1 & a /ill worse "o aft] dea?2 !re 7 likewise ,atua m>au1 z ! toroa1 albatross1 ! ruru1 owl2 & k>u k>u1 ! film :i* %ades its eye f ! light1 0 also an atua2 male & female spirits presid$ ov] dreams1 & 7 reg>d$ z atuas1 ,ko nga atua moe moea o te poko1 ! gods ( dreams2 ,tunui a rangi1 a male1 ,p>e kewa1 a female deity1 bo? 7 pray$ to z gods2 ! atua kore & atua kiko kiko 7 inf]ior gods4 ,! ,atua ng>>a or reptile gods 7 v abundant1 & 7 suppos$ to be ! cause ( all diseases & dea?1 be+ always ready to avail !mselves ( e opportunity ( crawl+ d[n ! ?roat dur+ sleep1 & ?us prey+ ^u ! lives ( un=tunate creatures4 ,atuas or spirits ( ! deceas$ 7 ?\ght to be able to revisit ! e>? & reveal to _! fri5ds ! cause ( _! sickness4 ,ev]y?+ t 0 evil or noxi\s 0 suppos$ especially to belong to ! gods2 ?us a species ( euphorbium1 ^: milk or juice is highly poison\s1 is call$ wai u atua1 ! milk ( ! gods4#hg ,9 fact1 9 ! acc\nts :i* ! natives give ( _! gods & _! exploits1 we h b a magnifi$ hi/ory ( _! *iefs1 _! w>s1 murd]s1 & lu/s1 ) ! addition ( "s sup]natural p[]s2 !y 7 cannibals2 influ5c$ by l feel+s & passions z m51 & 7 uni=mly bad2 to !m 7 ascrib$ all ! evils incid5t to ! human race2 ea* disease 0 suppos$ to be occasion$ by a diff]5t god1 :o resid$ 9 ! "p affect$2 ?us1 ,tonga1 ! god :o caus$ heada*e1 took up 8 abode 9 ! =ehead2 ,moko ,titi1 a liz>d god1 0 ! s\rce ( all pa9s 9 ! brea/2 ,tu-tangata-k9o 0 ! god ( ! /oma*2 ,titihai occasion$ pa9s 9 ! ankles & feet2 ,rongomai & ,tup>itapua 7 ! gods ( consumption1 & ! wa/+ away ( ! legs & arms2 ,koro-kio-ewe presid$ ov] *ildbir?1 & did 8 wor/ to un=tunate females 9 t /ate4 ,9 fact1 ! entire human body appe>s to h be5 %>$ out among/ ^? evil be+s1 :o rul$ ov] ea* "p1 to afflict & pa9 ! poor creatures :o wor%ipp$ !m4#hh #hg ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 pp4 #acd sq4 #hh ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 p4 #acg4 ,any?+1 inde$1 :e!r good or evil1 :i* excit$ ! fe> or wond] ( ! ,maoris w\ld seem 9 ! old days to h be5 dubb$ by !m an atua & inve/$ ) ! attributes ( div9ity4 ,= example1 :5 a travell] 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury %[$ 8 wat* to "s ,maoris1 ! tick+ /ruck !m ) su* a/oni%m5t t !y deem$ x no?+ less ?an ! voice ( a god2 & ! wat* itself1 be+ look$ ^u z a deity 7atua7 9 p]son1 0 treat$ by ! :ole ( !m ) pr(\nd rev]5ce4#hi ,o!r travell]s h _h simil> exp]i5ces among ! ,maoris1#ij & compasses & b>omet]s h also be5 accord$ div9e hon\rs by ^! ignorant savages4#ia #hi ,j4 ,l4 ,ni*olas1 ,n>rative ( a ,voyage to ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahag71 i4 #bed4 #ij ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde et a la re*]*e de la ,p]\se1 ,hi/oire du ,voyage 7,p>is1 #ahcb-ahcc71 ii4 #eaf4 #ia ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 ,travels 9 ,new ,zeal&1 ii4 #aah4 ,sec4 #e4 ,taboo among ! ,maoris ,b ! mo/ mom5t\s practical consequ5ce :i* fl[$ f _! belief 9 ! spirits ( ! dead 0 ! enorm\s influ5ce :i* t cre$ wield$ 9 e/abli%+ & ma9ta9+ ! sy/em ( taboo1 ! mo/ rem>kable & *>act]i/ic in/itution 9 ! life ( ! ,maoris & ( ! ,polynesians 9 g5]al4 ,i %all fir/ give "s acc\nt ( ! taboo or tapu1 z ! ,maoris call$ x1 & aft]w>ds %[ h[ ?is extraord9>y sy/em ( society & religion 0 directly bas$ on a belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( gho/s & _! mighty p[] ov] human de/9y4 ,fir/1 !n1 z to taboo or tapu itself4 ,?is curi\s in/itution1 z ,i h said1 prevail$ ?r\gh\t all ! widely scatt]$ isl&s ( ,polynesia1 b n[h]e to a great] ext5t ?an 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,x p]vad$ ! :ole life ( ! natives1 affect$ _! plans1 influ5c$ _! actions1 & 9 ! abs5ce ( an effici5t police provid$ a c]ta9 security bo? = _! p]sons & _! prop]ty4 ,sometimes x 0 us$ = political1 & sometimes = religi\s purposes2 sometimes x 0 ! means ( sav+ life1 & at o!r times x 0 ! o/5sible reason = tak+ life away4#ib ,x may be def9$ z a sy/em ( consecration :i* made any p]son1 place1 or ?+ sacr$ ei!r p]man5tly or = a limit$ "t4#ic ,! effect ( ?is consecration 0 to sep>ate ! sacr$ p]son or ?+ f all contact ) common 7noa7#id p]sons & ?+s3 x e/abli%$ a sort ( qu>ant9e = ! protection n only ( ! sacr$ p]sons !mselves1 b ( common folk1 :o 7 suppos$ to be injur$ or kill$ by m]e contact ) a taboo$ p]son or object4 ,= ! sanctity :i* ! taboo conf]r$ on p & ?+s 0 conceiv$ ( z a sort ( dang]\s atmosph]e1 *>g$ ) a spiritual electricity1 :i* dis*>g$ itself ) s]i\s & ev5 fatal effect on all ra% intrud]s4 ,a taboo$ p]son might n be t\*$ by any "o1 s long z ! taboo or /ate ( consecration la/$2 he might n ev5 put 8 own h& to 8 own head2 & he 0 mo/ /r+5tly =bidd5 to t\* food ) 8 h&s4 ,h5ce he 0 ei!r f$ l a *ild by ano!r1 :o put ! food into 8 m\?2 or he _h to lap up 8 victuals l a dog f ! gr\nd1 ) 8 h&s held beh9d 8 back2 or la/ly he might convey ! n\ri%m5t by means ( a f]n /alk to 8 m\?4 ,:5 he wi%$ to dr9k1 somebody else p\r$ wat] into 8 m\? f a calaba% )\t all[+ ! vessel to t\* 8 lips2 = m]e contact ) ! lips ( ! taboo$ man w\ld h r5d]$ ! vessel itself sacr$ or taboo$ & !re=e unfit = common use4 ,simil>ly1 :5 he desir$ to wa% 8 h&s1 wat] _h to be p\r$ on !m f a di/ance by 8 att5dant4 ,?is /ate ( consecration or defilem5t1 z we might be tempt$ r to call x1 0 incurr$ by any p]son :o _h t\*$ ei!r a "y *ild or a corpse or _h assi/$ at a fun]al4 ,! taboo contract$ by association ) ! dead 0 ! /ricte/ & mo/ virul5t ( all4 ,x ext5d$ n only to ! p]sons :o _h h&l$ ! corpse or paid ! la/ (fices ( respect to ! dep>t$2 x appli$ to ! place :]e ! body 0 buri$ or ! bones deposit$4 ,s sacr$1 inde$1 0 deem$ ! spot :]e a *ief _h di$ t 9 ! old days ev]y?+ ^u x 0 de/roy$ by fire4 ,h5ce 9 ord] to avoid ! de/ruction ( a h\se1 :i* a dea? 9 x w\ld h entail$1 x 0 cu/om>y to remove a sick or dy+ man to a tempor>y %$ j l>ge en\gh to %elt] him f ! sun or scre5 him f ! ra92 = if ! man di$ 9 x1 ! de/ruction ( ! wret*$ hovel 0 no great loss to ! survivors4#ie ,a wid[ 0 taboo$ & _h to obs]ve ! a=esaid re/rictions f ! dea? ( h] husb& until 8 bones _h be5 scrap$ & deposit$ 9 _! la/ re/+-place2 & ! same rule appli$ to a wid[]4#if ,^! taboos 7 tempor>y & c\ld be remov$ by a prie/1 :o p]=m$ c]ta9 rites & repeat$ c]ta9 spells 7k>akias71 & !reby reliev$ ! taboo$ p]son f ! /ate ( sanctity or consecration "u :i* he _h lab\r$4 ,! p]=mance ( ! c]emony put an end to ! spiritual qu>ant9e2 ! man ceas$ to be sacr$1 he became common 7noa7 once m1 & c\ld m+le freely ) 8 fell[s4 ,"o ( ! c]emonies ( desecration1 z we may call x1 0 to pass a consecrat$ piece ( wood ov] ! "r %\ld] ( ! taboo$ p]son1 !n r\nd 8 lo9s1 & back aga9 ov] ! left %\ld]1 aft] :i* ! /ick 0 brok5 9 two & buri$1 burn$1 or ca/ into ! sea4#ig ,aga91 a tempor>y taboo 0 laid on all p]sons :o 7 engag$ 9 plant+ sweet potatoes1 or 9 sort+ ! se$1 or 9 digg+ & prep>+ ! gr\nd2 !y might n leave ! fields :]e !y 7 at "w nor und]take any o!r lab\r4 ,! fields !mselves 7 sacr$ dur+ ^! op]ations2 none b ! p]sons :o 7 taboo$ = ! purpose might set foot on ! gr\nd or pluck up ! we$s :i* gr[ rankly r\nd ! roots ( ! vegetable4#ih ,simil>ly1 9 _! great fi%+-exp$itions to cat* mack]el1 all conc]n$ 9 mak+ or m5d+ ! nets 7 "u a taboo3 ! gr\nd :]e ! nets 7 made 0 sacr$1 & s 0 ! riv] on ! banks ( :i* ! "w w5t on4 ,no man b ! taboo$ p]sons might walk ov] ! l& or pass up or d[n ! riv] 9 a canoe3 no fire might be light$ )9 a prescrib$ di/ance3 no food might be dress$ :ile ! taboo la/$4 ,n till ! net _h be5 f9i%$ & wett$ ) ! sacr$ wat]1 & ! own] _h caught & eat5 a fi%1 did ^! burd5some re/rictions come to an end by ! removal ( ! taboo4#ii ,once m1 ! m5 :o took "p 9 a w>like exp$ition 7 "u a sev]e taboo & _h to obs]ve v /rictly ! cu/oms :i* t my/]i\s /ate ( consecration r5d]$ obligatory4#ajj ,ev5 aft] _! return home !y 7 n all[$ to ent] _! h\ses or to hold any direct communication ) _! families :o _h rema9$ !re1 till !y _h be5 r5d]$ common 7noa7 by a c]emony ( desecration4 ,be=e t c]emony took place1 ! w>riors 7 oblig$ to ?r[ away ! rema9s ( ! bodies ( _! foes on :i*1 z usual1 !y _h be5 fea/+2 = be+ sacr$ food ! fle% c\ld only be t\*$ by sacr$ or taboo$ p]sons4 ,"o woman only1 ! wah9e ariki1 z %e 0 call$1 t is ! eld] female ( ! eld] bran* ( ! /ock f :i* ! tribe trac$ _! desc5t1 0 p]mitt$ to t\* ! sanctifi$ meat2 inde$1 9 ord] to c>ry out ! ritual ( desecration 9 due =m %e 0 expect$ & requir$ to swall[ an e> ( ! fir/ enemy kill$ 9 battle4#aja ,a w>like exp$ition might lay ev5 p at home "u a taboo2 = all :o rema9$ beh9d1 includ+ old m51 wom51 & slaves1 7 (t5 requir$ to obs]ve a rigid fa/ & to ab/a9 f smok+ till ! return ( ! w>riors4#ajb #ib ,w4 ,yate1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,new ,zeal&1 pp4 #hd sq4 #ic ,w4 ,yate1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,new ,zeal&1 p4 #hd2 ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 p4 #afc4 #id ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 pp4 #bfh sq41 s4v4 ,noa4 #ie ,w4 ,yate1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,new ,zeal&1 pp4 #he sq42 ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 pp4 #afc1 #afd4 #if ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 ,travels 9 ,new ,zeal&1 ii4 #dj4 #ig ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde et a la re*]*e de la ,p]\se1 ,hi/oire du ,voyage 7,p>is1 #ahcb-ahcc71 iii4 #fhe2 ,w4 ,yate1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,new ,zeal&1 p4 #hf2 ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 ,travels 9 ,new ,zeal&1 ii4 #ajd sq42 ,s]vant1 ,notice sur la ,n\velle-,zel&e1 ,annales de la ,propagation de la ,foi1 xv4 7#ahdc7 p4 #bc2 ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 pp4 #aff sq42 ,old ,new ,zeal&1 by a ,pakeha ,maori1 pp4 #ajd sqq4 ,! taboo c\ld be got rid ( m simply by ! taboo$ man t\*+ 8 *ild or gr&*ild & tak+ food or dr9k f ! *ild's h&s4 ,b :5 t 0 done1 ! taboo 0 transf]r$ to ! *ild1 :o reta9$ x = ! re/ ( ! day4 ,see ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 op4 cit4 ii4 #aje4 #ih ,w4 ,yate1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,new ,zeal&1 p4 #he2 ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 pp4 #afe sq42 ,old ,new ,zeal&1 by a ,pakeha ,maori1 pp4 #ajc sq4 #ii ,w4 ,yate1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,new ,zeal&1 p4 #he4 #ajj ,old ,new ,zeal&1 by a ,pakeha ,maori1 pp4 #if1 #aad sq4 #aja ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,! ,s\!rn ,di/ricts ( ,new ,zeal&1 pp4 #fh sq4 #ajb ,old ,new ,zeal&1 by a ,pakeha ,maori1 pp4 #aad sq4 ,b 9 contra/ to ! tempor>y taboos :i* affect$ common folk & deb>r$ !m = a "t f famili> int]c\rse ) _! fell[s1 a p]petual & v /r+5t taboo 0 laid on ! p]sons & prop]ty ( *iefs1 especially ( ^? high h]$it>y *iefs :o bore ! title ( ,ariki & 7 ?\ght to be able at any "t to hold visible conv]se ) _! dead ance/ors4#ajc ,/rictly speak+1 ! ariki ( a ,maori tribe is ! s5ior male desc5dant ( ! eld] bran* ( ! tribe1 t is1 he is a desc5dant ( ! eld] son ( ! eld] son ( ea* g5]ation f ! "t ( ! orig9al ance/or d[n to ! pres5t day4 ,z su*1 he 0 ( old reg>d$ almo/ z a god1 inasmu* z he repres5t$ all t !re 0 ( m7ana & sacr$ness ( 8 tribe4 ,t he %\ld h be5 reg>d$ 9 ?is light is n a/oni%+1 = ! ,maoris believ$ he 0 some?+ m ?an human1 9 t he 0 ! %r9e ( an h]$it>y ,atua1 ! gu>dian _s ( ! tribe1 & c\ld !re=e at any "t communicate ) ! tribal gods4444 ,su* a man 0 n only tapu 9 p]son b he made ev]y?+ he t\*$ s dang]\sly sacr$ z to be a s\rce ( t]ror to ! tribe4 ,to smoke 8 pipe1 or dr9k f any vessel he _h t\*$1 0 dea? spe$y & c]ta9 at ! h&s ( ! gods1 :o av5ge brea*es ( ! tapu4#ajd ,! gods be+ no m ?an deceas$ *iefs1 ! arikis 7 reg>d$ z liv+ ones1 & ?us 7 n to be kill$ by inf]ior m51 b only by ^? :o _h m p[]ful atuas 9 !m2 ! victori\s *ief :o _h sla9 numb]s1 swall[$ _! eyes1 & drunk _! blood1 0 suppos$ to h add$ ! spirits ( 8 victims to 8 own1 & ?us increas$ 8 mana or p[]2 to keep up ?is idea1 & h9d] ! l[] ord]s f try+ :e!r x 7 possible to kill su* corporeal & liv+ gods1 0 ! gr& "w ( ! tapu4#aje ,! godhead ( a *ief 0 ?\ght to reside 9 8 eyes1 especially 9 8 left eye2 t 0 :y by swall[+ ! eye or eyes ( a sla9 *ief a liv+ *ief 0 believ$ to absorb ! div9e _s ( ! dead man & !reby to /r5g!n 8 own div9ity2 ! m eyes he swall[$1 ! great] god he became4#ajf #ajc ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 ,travels 9 ,new ,zeal&1 ii4 #dj1 #aab sq41 #cef2 ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 p4 #ajd2 ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 pp4 #adi1 #afd1 #bab sq42 ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 pp4 #bc sq41 s4v4 ,ariki4 ,! ^w ariki signifies prop]ly ! fir/-born or heir1 :e!r male or female1 ( a family4 #ajd ,lieut4-,col4 ,w4 ,e4 ,gudgeon1 ,maori ,religion1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 vol4 xiv4 no4 #c 7,septemb] #aije71 p4 #acj4 ,comp>e id41 ,! ,tipua-,kura & o!r ,manife/ations ( ! ,_s ,_w1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 vol4 xv4 no4 #eg 7,m>* #aijf71 p4 #ch4 #aje ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika a ,maui1 p4 #agc4 ,mana means au?ority1 especially div9e au?ority or sup]natural p[]4 ,see ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 p4 #bjc1 s4v4 ,mana2 & = a full discussion ( ! conception see ,lieut4-,col4 ,w4 ,e4 ,gudgeon1 ,mana ,tangata1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 vol4 xiv4 no4 #b 7,june #aije71 pp4 #di-ff4 ,mana plays a lead+ "p 9 ! ability ( a lead]1 or successes 9 w> ( celebrat$ w>riors4 ,:5 a man frequ5tly und]takes d>+ de$s1 :i* ought "u ord9>y circum/ances to fail1 b none ! less prove successful1 he is said to possess mana1 & !reaft] is reg>d$ z "o peculi>ly fav\r$ by ! gods1 & 9 su* cases x is held t he c only be ov]come by "s act or default2 su* z a disreg>d or neglect ( "s religi\s or w>like obs]vance1 :i* has be5 %[n by exp]i5ce to be ess5tial to success 9 w>1 b :i* our w>rior1 spoil$ by a long c>e] ( good =tune1 _h come to reg>d z necess>y to ord9>y mortals only & ( b little consequ5ce to m5 ( mana 7,w4 ,e4 ,gudgeon1 op4 cit4 p4 #fb74 ,!re 7 cases 9 :i* ! mana ( a man dep5d$ ^u ! facility ) :i* he c\ld communicate ) ! spirits ( dep>t$ ance/ors1 t is1 ^u 8 capacity to en=ce ! aid & att5dance ( ^! m9or deities4 ,to ?is end e man ) any pret5sion to mana _h a k ( c]ta9 =ms ( invocation by :i* he c\ld summon ! spirits ( long dep>t$ h]oes & ance/ors1 b x mu/ n be suppos$ t ^! invocations w\ld necess>ily h p[] 9 ! m\?s ( all m51 = su* 0 n ! case4 ,! efficacy ( a k>akia or invocation dep5d$ 9 "p on its me?od ( deliv]y1 & 9 "p on ! mana ( ! man :o us$ x 7,w4 ,e4 ,gudgeon1 op4 cit4 p4 #ej74 ,comp>e ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 pp4 #agb1 #agc2 ,old ,new ,zeal&1 by a ,pakeha ,maori1 p4 #ajj4 #ajf ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 pp4 #adg1 #ceb4 ,! s\l 0 ?\ght to reside especially 9 ! left eye2 accord+ly x 0 ! left eye ( an enemy :i* 0 mo/ commonly swall[$ by a victori\s *ief :o desir$ to increase 8 spiritual p[]4 ,see ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde et a la re*]*e de la ,p]\se1 ,hi/oire du ,voyage 7,p>is1 #ahcb-ahcc71 ii4 #ebg2 ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 ,travels 9 ,new ,zeal&1 ii4 #aah1 #abh sq4 ,e su* div9e *ief 0 "u a p]man5t taboo2 he 0 z x 7 surr\nd$ by an atmosph]e ( sanctity :i* atta*$ to 8 p]son & nev] left him2 x 0 8 bir?right1 a "p ( himself ( :i* he c\ld n be dive/$1 & x 0 well und]/ood & recognis$ by ev]ybody at all times4 ,& ! sanctity 0 n conf9$ to 8 p]son1 x 0 an infection :i* ext5d$ or 0 communicat$ to all 8 movable prop]ty1 especially to 8 clo!s1 weapons1 ornam5ts1 & tools1 inde$ to ev]y?+ :i* he t\*$4 ,ev5 ! petty *iefs & fight+ m51 ev]ybody inde$ :o c\ld claim ! title ( rangatira or g5tleman1 possess$ 9 "s degree ?is my/]i\s quality4#ajg ,h[ev]1 9 "y p ( rank ! sanctity :i* app]ta9$ to !m by virtue ( _! bir? 0 suppos$ to be only lat5t2 x did n develop or bur/ into full bloom till !y _h rea*$ mature age & set up h\se on _! own acc\nt4 ,h5ce noble boys & lads 7 "u none ( ! irksome re/rictions to :i* 9 _! adult ye>s !y 7 aft]w>ds b\nd to submit2 !y mix$ freely ) ! pr(ane vulg> & did n ev5 disda9 to c>ry fuel or provisions on _! backs1 a ?+ :i* no man ( any /&+ c\ld possibly d2 at all ev5ts1 if he did s demean himself1 ! food 0 !reby r5d]$ taboo & c\ld accord+ly be us$ by nobody b himself4 ,if he w5t into ! %$ us$ z a kit*5 7a ?+1 h[ev]1 he w\ld nev] ?9k ( do+ except on "s great em]g5cy71 all ! pots1 ov5s1 food1 etc41 w\ld be at once r5d]$ useless--none ( ! cooks or inf]ior p c\ld make use ( !m1 or p>take ( any?+ :i* _h be5 cook$ 9 !m4 ,he might c]ta9ly light a little fire 9 8 own h\se1 n = cook+1 z t nev] by any *ance c\ld be done 9 8 h\se1 b = w>m?2 b t1 or any o!r fire1 if he %\ld h bl[n ^u x ) 8 brea? 9 light+ x1 became at once tapu1 & c\ld be us$ = no common or cul9>y purpose4 ,ev5 to light a pipe at x w\ld subject any inf]ior p]son1 or 9 _m in/ances an equal1 to a t]rible attack ( ! tapu morbus1 besides be+ a slight or affront to ! dignity ( ! p]son himself4 ,i h se5 two or ?ree "y m5 fairly we>+ !mselves out on a wet day & ) bad app>atus try+ to make fire to cook )1 by rubb+ two /icks toge!r1 :5 on a j\rney1 & at ! same "t !re 0 a ro>+ fire close at h& at :i* sev]al rangatira & myself 7 w>m+ ourselves1 b x 0 tapu1 or sacr$ fire--"o ( ! rangatira _h made x f 8 own t9d]-box1 & bl[n ^u x 9 light+ x1 & z !re 0 n ano!r t9d]-box among/ u1 fa/ we mu/1 ?\gh hungry z %>ks1 till common cul9>y fire c\ld be obta9$4#ajh #ajg ,old ,new ,zeal&1 by a ,pakeha ,maori1 p4 #id4 #ajh ,old ,new ,zeal&1 by a ,pakeha ,maori1 p4 #ih4 ,! head ( a *ief 0 always & at all times deem$ mo/ sacr$1 & 9 consequ5ce he might n ev5 t\* x ) 8 own h&2 if he *anc$ to commit ! sacrilege1 he 0 oblig$ at once to apply 8 f+]s to 8 sacr$ nose & to snuff up ! od\r ( sanctity :i* !y _h ab/ract$1 ?us re/or+ ! holy effluvium to ! place f :i* x _h be5 tak54#aji ,= ! same reason ! cutt+ ( a *ief's hair 0 a mo/ difficult & delicate op]ation4 ,:ile x la/$ nei!r ! great man himself nor ! b>b] :o op]at$ on him 0 all[$ to d any?+ or p>take ( any food except "u ! re/rictions impos$ on all sacr$ or taboo$ p]sons2 to use ! scissors or ! %ell1 ) :i* ! op]ation 0 p]=m$1 = any o!r purpose or any o!r p]son w\ld h be5 a t]rible pr(anation ( sacr$ ?+s1 & w\ld h r5d]$ ! ra% sacrilegi\s wret*1 :o _h d>$ s to appropriate x1 liable to ! sev]e/ puni%m5t4 ,! sev]$ hair 0 collect$ & buri$ or hung up on a tree1#aaj probably to put x out ( ! way ( common folk1 :o might h be5 /ruck dead by contact ) ! holy locks4 ,b app>5tly ! dang]s incid5t to hair-cutt+ 7 by no means conf9$ to *iefs1 b ext5d$ to any "o :o 0 bold en\gh to submit 8 head to ! b>b]'s %e>s2 = "o ( ! e>ly writ]s on ! ,maoris tells u t he :o has _h 8 hair cut is 9 ! imm$iate *>ge ( ! ,atua2 he is remov$ f ! contact & society ( 8 family & 8 tribe2 he d>e n t\* 8 food himself2 x is put into 8 m\? by ano!r p]son2 nor c he = "s days resume 8 accu/om$ occupations1 or associate ) 8 fell[-m54#aaa ,! hair ( ! fir/-born ( a family 9 p>ticul>1 on acc\nt ( 8 extreme sanctity1 might be cut by nobody b a prie/2 & = _m days aft] ! op]ation _h be5 p]=m$ ! prie/ly b>b] 0 9 a /ate ( /rict taboo4 ,he c\ld d no?+ = himself1 & might n g ne> anybody4 ,he might n t\* food ) 8 h&s1 & no less ?an ?ree p]sons 7 requir$ to fe$ him4 ,"o ( !m prep>$ ! food at a safe di/ance1 took x to a c]ta9 place1 & retir$2 a second came =w>d1 pick$ up ! victuals1 c>ri$ !m to ano!r spot & left !m2 f9ally1 a ?ird1 v5tur+ into ! dang] zone1 actually br\ght ! food to ! prie/ & put x into 8 m\?4#aab #aji ,w4 ,yate1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,new ,zeal&1 p4 #hg2 ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 p4 #afe4 #aaj ,w4 ,yate1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,new ,zeal&1 p4 #hg2 ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 ,travels 9 ,new ,zeal&1 ii4 #ajd4 #aaa ,ri*>d ,a4 ,cruise1 ,j\rnal ( a ,t5 ,mon?s' ,resid5ce 9 ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahbc71 pp4 #bhc sq4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde et a la re*]*e de la ,p]\se1 ,hi/oire du ,voyage 7,p>is1 #ahcb-ahcc71 ii4 #ecc4 #aab ,elsdon ,be/1 ,maori ,religion1 ,report ( ! ,twelf? ,meet+ ( ! ,au/ralasian ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 held at ,brisbane1 #aiji1 p4 #dfc4 ,! atmosph]e ( taboo or sanctity :i* ?us surr\nd$ ,maori *iefs & g5tlem5 n only impos$ _m tr\blesome & inconv5i5t re/ra9ts on ! m5 !mselves1 x 0 also frequ5tly a s\rce ( v real dang]1 loss1 & annoyance to o!r p4 ,= example1 x 0 a rule t a *ief %\ld n bl[ on a fire ) 8 m\?1 because 8 brea? be+ sacr$ w\ld communicate its sanctity to ! fire1 & if a slave or a common man aft]w>ds cook$ food at ! fire or m]ely took a br& f x1 ! *ief's hol9ess w\ld cause t man's dea?4#aac ,aga91 if ! blood ( a high *ief fl[$ on any?+1 ?\gh x 7 b a s+le drop1 x r5d]$ ! ?+ sacr$ to him1 s t x c\ld be us$ by nobody else4 ,?us x once happ5$ t a p>ty ( natives came 9 a f9e new canoe to pay _! respects to an em95t *ief2 ! great man /epp$ into ! canoe1 & 9 do+ s he *anc$ to /rike a spl9t] into 8 foot1 :i* bl$4 ,t suffic$ to consecrate ! canoe to him4 ,! own] at once leap$ out1 drew ! canoe a%ore opposite to ! *ief's h\se & left x !re4#aad ,aga91 a ,maori g5tleman1 visit+ a mission>y1 knock$ 8 head aga9/ a beam 9 ! h\se1 & 8 sacr$ blood 0 spilt4 ,! natives pres5t !reupon told ! mission>y t 9 =m] times 8 h\se w\ld aft] su* an accid5t h belong$ to 8 noble visitor4#aae ,ev5 ! ca/ g>m5ts ( a *ief _h acquir$1 by contact ) 8 holy body1 s virul5t a degree ( sanctity t !y w\ld kill anybody else :o might happ5 9 ignorance to f9d & we> !m4 ,on a j\rney1 :5 a *ief f\nd 8 blanket too heavy to c>ry1 he has be5 kn[n to ?r[ x v consid]ately d[n a precipice :]e nobody w\ld be likely to light on x1 le/ "s future travell] %\ld be /ruck dead by appropriat+ ! sacr$ g>m5t4 ,once a *ief's lo/ t9d]-box actually caus$ ! dea? ( sev]al p]sons2 = hav+ f\nd x & us$ x to light _! pipes1 !y lit]ally di$ ( fright on le>n+ ! sacrilege :i* !y _h committ$4#aaf ,su* fatal effects consequ5t on ! discov]y ( a brea* ( taboo 7 n uncommon among ! ,maoris4 ,= in/ance1 a woman once ate "s pea*es :i*1 ?\gh %e did n "k x1 _h be5 tak5 f a taboo$ place4 ,z soon z %e he>d :]e ! fruit _h come f1 ! basket :i* %e 0 c>ry+ dropp$ f h] h&s1 & %e exclaim$ 9 agony t ! _s 7atua7 ( ! *ief ^: sanctu>y _h ?us be5 pr(an$ w\ld kill h]4 ,t happ5$ 9 ! aft]noon1 & next day by twelve o'clock %e 0 dead4#aag ,aga91 a slave1 a /rong man 9 ! prime ( life1 once f\nd ! rema9s ( a *ief's d9n] beside ! road1 & be+ hungry ate x up )\t ask+ any que/ions4 ,no soon]1 h[ev]1 did he he> to :om ! food _h belong$ ?an he 0 seiz$ ) ! mo/ extraord9>y convulsions & cramps 9 ! /oma*1 :i* nev] ceas$ till he di$ ab\t sund[n ! same day4 ,! ,engli% eyewitness :o reports ! case adds1 t any ,european free?9k] :o %\ld h d5i$ t ! man 0 kill$ by ! *ief's taboo w\ld h be5 li/5$ to by ! ,maoris ) feel+s ( contempt = 8 ignorance & inability to und]/& pla9 & direct evid5ce4#aah #aac ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 p4 #afe4 #aad ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 ,travels 9 ,new ,zeal&1 ii4 #aja2 ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 pp4 #afd sq4 #aae ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 p4 #afe4 #aaf ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 pp4 #afd sq4 #aag ,w4 ,br[n1 ,new ,zeal& & its ,aborig9es 7,london1 #ahde71 p4 #gf4 #aah ,old ,new ,zeal&1 by a ,pakeha ,maori1 pp4 #ie-ig4 ,9 ord] t a ?+ %\ld be consecrat$ or taboo$ to ! exclusive use & possession ( a *ief1 x 0 n necess>y t 8 sacr$ blood %\ld fl[ on x1 or t he %\ld m]ely t\* x2 he _h only to call x 8 head1 or 8 back-bone1 or any o!r "p ( 8 body1 & at once ! ?+1 by a legal fiction1 became 8 & might be appropriat$ by nobody else "u pa9 ( violat+ ! taboo :i* ! *ief _h laid ^u x4 ,= example1 :5 a *ief desir$ to prev5t a piece ( gr\nd f be+ cultivat$ by any "o b himself1 he (t5 resort$ to ! exp$i5t ( call+ x 8 back-bone2 aft] t if any man d>$ to set foot on ! l& s consecrat$1 ! transgression 0 equival5t to a decl>ation ( w>4 ,9 ?is simple & easy fa%ion a *ief might acquire any?+ t took 8 fancy f an axe or a canoe to a l&$ e/ate1 & ! rightful own] ( ! prop]ty d>$ n compla9 nor dispute ! claim ( 8 sup]ior4#aai #aai ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 p4 #aaa2 ,old ,new ,zeal&1 by a ,pakeha ,maori1 pp4 #acg sqq42 ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 p4 #afh4 ,nev]!less 9 daily life ev5 ord9>y p us$ ! taboo to secure _! prop]ty or to acquire = !mselves :at _h hi!rto be5 common to all4 ,= example1 if a man f\nd a piece ( drift timb]1 he c\ld make x 8 own by ty+ some?+ to x or giv+ x a *op ) 8 axe2 he !reby set 8 taboo on ! log1 & z a g5]al rule ! taboo w\ld be respect$4 ,aga91 ) a simple piece ( flax he might b> ! door ( 8 h\se or 8 /ore ( food2 ! cont5ts ( ! h\se or /ore 7 ?us r5d]$ inviolable1 nobody w\ld m$dle ) !m4#abj #abj ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 p4 #aga4 ,x is easy to see t ?is =m ( taboo mu/ h greatly contribut$ to create & confirm respect = ! rights ( private prop]ty4 ,! mo/ valuable articles might1 we are told1 "u ord9>y circum/ances be left to its protection 9 ! abs5ce ( ! own]s = any l5g? ( "t4#aba ,inde$ s obvi\s & s useful is ?is function ( taboo t "o well-in=m$ writ] supposes ! orig9al purpose ( ! in/itution to h be5 no o!r ?an ! pres]vation ( private prop]ty2#abb & ano!r obs]v]1 aft] eulogis+ its b5efic5t effects1 decl>es t x 0 und\bt$ly ! ord9ance ( a wise legislator4#abc ,b to say ?is is greatly to ov]rate ! wisdom & =esight ( primitive man 9 g5]al & ( ! ,polynesians 9 p>ticul>2 x implies a fundam5tal misconception ( ! real nature & hi/ory ( taboo4 ,t curi\s in/itution 0 n ! creation ( a prud5t & sagaci\s legislator1 :o devis$ ?is sy/em ( *ecks & re/rictions = ! purpose ( curb+ ! passions ( a savage race & induc+ !m to submit to ! salut>y re/ra9ts ( law & morality4 ,x 0 9 its orig91 ,i believe1 simply a crude & b>b>\s =m ( sup]/ition1 :i*1 l _m o!r sup]/itions1 has accid5tally l$ to good results t 7 nev] contemplat$ by its ignorant & fooli% vot>ies4 ,x is ?us t 9 ! long hi/ory ( mank9d ?+s :i* to a contempor>y spectator might seem to be almo/ unmitigat$ evils turn out 9 ! end to be fraught ) incalculable good to humanity4 ,?is exp]i5ce1 (t5 repeat$1 enables /ud5ts ( ! pa/ to look =w>d1 ev5 9 ! d>ke/ h\rs1 ) *e]ful confid5ce to ! future4 #aba ,old ,new ,zeal&1 by a ,pakeha ,maori1 p4 #ig4 #abb ,old ,new ,zeal&1 by a ,pakeha ,maori1 p4 #id4 #abc ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 ,travels 9 ,new ,zeal&1 ii4 #ajj1 ,ridicul\s z ?is cu/om ( ! tapu has appe>$ to "s1 & z _m ( its applications really are1 x 01 not)/&+1 a :olesome re/ra9t1 &1 9 _m cases1 almo/ ! only "o t c\ld h be5 impos$2 ! heavy p5alties atta*$ to ! violation ( its laws s]v+ 9 "o tribe1 or 9 sev]al n 9 actual ho/ility ) ea* o!r1 z moral & legal comm&m5ts4 ,x 0 und\bt$ly ! ord9ance ( a wise legislator4 ,comp>e ,g4 ,f4 ,angas1 ,savage ,life & ,sc5es 9 ,au/ralia & ,new ,zeal&1 i4 #ccj1 ,d\btless ?is law is ! result ( "s wise regulation = ! protection ( prop]ty & individuals1 & x has 9 _m ?+s a b5eficial influ5ce among/ a p :o h no writt5 or regul>ly e/abli%$ code ( laws ( _! own4 ,to ! same effect ano!r au?ority on ! ,maoris obs]ves3 ,! mo/ politic & useful ( all ! sup]/iti\s in/itutions ( ! ,maori p is t :i* involves ! rites ( tapu4 ,x has always seem$ to me t ?is in/itution1 ) its f>-rea*+ ramifications1 mu/ h be5 ! conception ( a v gift$ m9d1 =1 z a gov]n+ factor1 x is v sup]ior to ! ,h9du in/itution ( ca/e4 ,x mu/1 moreov]1 h be5 initiat$ dur+ a p]iod ( civilisation1 to :i* ! ,polynesians h long be5 /rang]s1 b ) :i* at "o p]iod ( _! hi/ory !y 7 suffici5tly famili>4 ,see ,lieut4-,colonel ,gudgeon1 ,! ,tipua-,kura & o!r ,manife/ations ( ! ,_s ,_w1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 vol4 xv4 no4 #eg 7,m>* #aijf71 p4 #di4 ,! p>ticul> sup]/ition :i* lies at ! root ( taboo & has incid5tally ex]cis$ a b5efic5t influ5ce by inspir+ a respect = law & morality appe>s to be a belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( gho/s & _! p[] to affect ! =tunes ( ! liv+ = good or evil4 ,= ! ultimate sanction ( ! taboo1 9 o!r words1 t :i* engag$ ! p to obs]ve its comm&m5ts1 0 a firm p]suasion t any brea* ( ^! comm&m5ts w\ld surely & spe$ily be puni%$ by an atua or gho/1 :o w\ld afflict ! s9n] ) a pa9ful malady till he di$4 ,f y\? upw>ds ! ,maori 0 br$ 9 ! fai? t ! s\ls ( 8 dead ance/ors1 jeal\s ( any infraction ( ! tradition>y rites1 w\ld commission "s _s ( _! k9 to ent] into ! transgressor's body & prey on a vital "p4 ,! visible signs ( ?is hidd5 & my/]i\s process !y fanci$ to be ! v>i\s =ms ( disease4 ,! milde/ ailm5ts 7 ?\ght to be caus$ by ! spirits ( ^? :o _h kn[n ! suff]] on e>?1 & :o accord+ly 7 imag9$ to be m m]ciful & m reluctant to injure an old fri5d & relation4 ,on ! o!r h& ! mo/ malignant =ms ( disease 7 attribut$ to ! spirits ( dead infants1 :o hav+ nev] le>n$ to love _! liv+ fri5ds1 w\ld r5d & dev\r ! b[els ( _! ne>e/ k9 )\t compunction4 ,) ^! ideas z to ! orig9 ( disease ! ,maoris naturally did n attempt to heal ! sick ?r\gh ! curative prop]ties ( h]bs & o!r drugs2 _! rem$ies consi/$ n 9 m$ic9e b 9 exorcism3 in/ead ( a physician !y s5t = a prie/1 :o by 8 spells & incantations und]took to drive ! dang]\s sprite f ! body ( ! pati5t & to appease ! ance/ral _s1 ^: wra? 0 believ$ to be ! cause ( all ! mis*ief4 ,if ! deity prov$ recalcitrant & ob/9ately decl9$ to accept ?is notice to quit1 !y did n hesitate to resort to ! mo/ ?reat5+ & outrage\s language1 sometimes tell+ him t !y w\ld kill & eat him1 & at o!rs t !y w\ld burn him to a c9d] if he did n take himself (f at once & all[ ! pati5t to recov]4#abd ,curi\sly en\gh1 ! _s :i* prey$ on ! vitals ( a sick man 0 suppos$ to assume ! =m ( a liz>d2 h5ce ^! animals1 especially a beautiful gre5 species :i* ! ,maoris call$ kak>iki1 7 reg>d$ ) fe> & horror by ! natives4#abe ,once :5 a ,maori ( ,h]culean !ws & s9ews 0 inadv]t5tly %[n "s gre5 liz>ds pres]v$ 9 a bottle ( spirits1 8 massive frame %rank back z f a mortal w\nd1 & 8 face betray$ signs ( extreme horror4 ,an ag$ *ief 9 ! room1 on le>n+ :at 0 ! matt]1 cri$ out1 ,i %all die6 ,i %all die6 & crawl$ away on h&s & knees2 :ile ! o!r man gallantly int]pos$ himself z a bulw>k betwe5 ! fugitive & ! gre5 gods 7atuas7 9 ! bottle1 %ift+ 8 position adroitly s z to scre5 ! *ief till he 0 out ( range ( ! deities4#abf ,an old man once assur$ a mission>y v s]i\sly t 9 att5d+ to a sick p]son he _h se5 ! god come out ( ! suff]]'s m\? 9 ! =m ( a liz>d1 & t f ! same mom5t ! pati5t began to m5d & 0 soon re/or$ to p]fect heal?4#abg #abd ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,! ,s\!rn ,di/ricts ( ,new ,zeal&1 pp4 #cj sq41 #bid sq42 id41 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 pp4 #aad sqq42 id41 ,maori ,religion & ,my?ology1 #ca sq42 ,w4 ,yate1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,new ,zeal&1 pp4 #ada sq4 ,mo/ malignant & dang]\s ( all appe> to h be5 ?\ght ! spirits ( abortions or /ill-born infants4 ,see ,elsdon ,be/1 ,! ,lore ( ! ,:>e-,kohanga1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 vol4 xv4 no4 #eg 7,m>* #aijf71 pp4 #ab-ae2 ,reise d] ,oe/]rei*is*5 ,fregatte ,nov>a um die ,erde1 ,an?ropologis*] ,!il1 ,dritte ,ab!ilung1 ,e?nographie1 be>beitet von ,dr4 ,fr4 ,muell] 7,vi5na1 #ahfh71 pp4 #ei sq4 ,ev5 m dang]\s ?an ! spirits ( dead infants 7 suppos$ to be ! spirits ( human g]ms1 :i* ! ,maoris imag9$ to exi/ 9 ! m5/rual fluid4 ,see ,e4 ,%ortl&1 ,traditions & ,sup]/itions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 pp4 #aae1 #bib2 id41 ,maori ,religion & ,my?ology1 pp4 #ajg sq4 ,z to disease inflict$ by ance/ral spirits 7atuas7 = brea*es ( taboo1 see fur!r ,j4 ,l4 ,ni*olas1 ,n>rative ( a ,voyage to ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahag71 i4 #bgb sq41 ii4 #agf sq42 ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 ,travels 9 ,new ,zeal&1 ii4 #aje1 ,! break+ ( ! tapu1 if ! crime does n become kn[n1 is1 !y believe1 puni%$ by ! ,atua1 :o inflicts disease ^u ! crim9al2 if discov]$1 x is puni%$ by him :om x reg>ds1 & (t5 becomes ! cause ( w>4 #abe ,ri*>d ,a4 ,cruise1 ,j\rnal ( a ,t5 ,mon?s' ,resid5ce 9 ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahbc71 p4 #cbj2 ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde et a la re*]*e de la ,p]\se1 ,hi/oire du ,voyage 7,p>is1 #ahcb-ahcc71 ii4 #eag2 ,w4 ,yate1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,new ,zeal&1 pp4 #ada sq42 ,e4 ,dieff5ba*1 ,travels 9 ,new ,zeal&1 ii4 #aag2 ,elsdon ,be/1 ,maori ,m$ical ,lore1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 vol4 xiii4 no4 #d 7,decemb] #aijd71 p4 #bbh4 ,z to ! sup]/iti\s v5]ation ( liz>ds among ! peoples ( ! ,malay-,polynesian /ock1 see ,g4 ,a4 ,wilk51 ,v]spreide ,ges*rift5 7,! ,hague1 #aiab71 iv4 #abe sqq4 #abf ,g4 ,f4 ,angas1 ,savage ,life & ,sc5es 9 ,au/ralia & ,new ,zeal&1 ii4 #fg4 #abg ,w4 ,yate1 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,new ,zeal&1 p4 #adb4 ,sec4 #f4 ,conclusion ,if n[ we attempt to sum up ! effects :i* ! belief 9 human immortality ex]cis$ on ! life ( ! ,maoris we may p]haps conclude t ^! effects 7 p>tly good & p>tly evil4 ,on ! "o h& by ascrib+ to ! *iefs ! special protection ( ! p[]ful spirits ( ! dead1 x inve/$ ! gov]n+ class ) a degree ( au?ority to :i* on m]ely natural or rational gr\nds !y c\ld h laid no claim2 h5ce x t5d$ to /r5g!n ! respect = gov]nm5t & to ensure ! ma9t5ance ( law & ord]4 ,moreov]1 by l5d+ a sup]natural sanction to ! rights ( private prop]ty among all classes x fur!r contribut$ to aboli% "o ( ! mo/ fruitful s\rces ( discord & crime 9 ! community & !reby to fo/] economic progress1 :i* _c exi/ )\t "s measure ( peace & security = life & possessions4 ,^! 7 great ga9s1 & s f> z ! fai? 9 immortality help$ to w9 !m = ! ,maoris1 x c]ta9ly ameliorat$ _! condition & fur!r$ ! cause ( civilisation among !m4 ,b on ! o!r h& ! belief 9 ! ess5tial malignancy ( ! spirits ( ! dead & 9 _! great p[] to h>m ! liv+ add$ a ho/ ( purely imag9>y t]rors to ! real evils ) :i* man's exi/5ce on e>? is naturally & inevitably encompass$3 x impos$ a regul> sy/em ( ne$less & vexati\s re/rictions on social int]c\rse & ! simple/ acts ( daily life2 & x erect$ an almo/ insup]able b>ri] to ! gr[? ( sci5ce1 & p>ticul>ly ( t b5efic5t bran* ( sci5ce :i* has = its object ! alleviation ( human suff]+1 s9ce by conc5trat+ ! :ole att5tion ( ! p on a false & absurd !ory ( sup]natural ag5cy x div]t$ !m f t fruitful inve/igation ( natural causes :i* alone c /r5g!n & ext5d man's control ov] matt]4 ,?is 0 a heavy toll to pay = ! advantages incid5tal to a belief 9 immortality2 & if we 7 ask$ to /rike a balance betwe5 ! good & ! evil :i* t belief entail$ on ! ,maoris1 we might well hesitate to say to :i* side ! scales ( judgm5t %\ld incl9e4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,belief ,,9 ,,immortality ,,among ,,! ,,tongans ,sec4 #a4 ,! ,tonga or ,fri5dly ,isl&s ,! ,tonga or ,fri5dly ,isl&s =m an ar*ipelago ( ab\t a hundr$ small isl&s situat$ 9 ! ,s\? ,pacific1 betwe5 #ah deg4 & #bb deg4 ,s\? latitude & betwe5 #agc deg4 & #agf deg4 ,ea/ longitude4 ,! ar*ipelago falls into ?ree gr\ps ( isl&s1 :i* lie r\ghly nor? & s\? ( ea* o!r4 ,! s\!rn is ! ,tonga gr\p1 ! c5tral is ! ,haabai or ,haapai gr\p1 & ! nor!rn is ! ,vavau gr\p4 ,9 ! s\!rn gr\p ! pr9cipal isl&s are ,tongataboo & ,eua2 9 ! c5tral gr\p1 ,namuka & ,lifuka 7,lefooga72 9 ! nor!rn gr\p1 ,vavau4 ,! l>ge/ isl& ( ! ar*ipelago1 ,tongataboo1 is ab\t tw5ty-two miles long by eight miles wide2 next to x 9 importance are ,vavau & ,eua1 & !re are sev5 or eight o!r isl&s n less ?an five miles 9 l5g?4 ,! re/ are m]e islets4 ,mo/ ( ! isl&s are surr\nd$ by dang]\s coral reefs1 & ?\gh ! soil is deep & v f]tile1 !re is a great lack ( fl[+ wat]2 runn+ /reams are almo/ unkn[n4 ,mo/ ( ! isl&s consi/ ( coral & are v l[2 ! highe/ po9t ( ,tongataboo is only ab\t sixty feet above ! level ( ! sea4#a ,h[ev]1 "s ( ! isl&s are l(ty & ( volcanic =mation4 ,:5 ,capta9 ,cook visit$ ! isl&s 9 #aggc & #aggg !re 0 app>5tly only "o active volcano 9 ! ar*ipelago2 x 0 situat$ 9 ! small isl& ( ,tufoa1 :i* lies to ! we/ ( ,namuka4 ,cook saw ! isl& smok+ at ! di/ance ( t5 leagues1 & 0 told by ! natives t x _h nev] ceas$ smok+ 9 _! memory1 nor _h !y any tradition ( its inactivity4#b ,9 ! hundr$ & fifty ye>s :i* h elaps$ s9ce ,cook's "t volcanic action has greatly increas$ 9 ! ar*ipelago4 ,a consid]able eruption took place at ,tufoa 9 #ahhe3 ! small b l(ty isl& ( ,kao 7#ejjj feet high7 has repeat$ly be5 9 eruption3 ! once f]tile & popul\s isl& ( ,am>gura1 or ,funua-lai1 9 ab\t #ah deg4 ,s\? latitude1 0 sudd5ly deva/at$ 9 #ahdf or #ahdg by a t]rific eruption1 :i* r$uc$ x to a huge mass ( lava & burnt s&1 )\t a leaf or blade ( grass ( any k9d4 ,w>n$ by viol5t e>?quakes1 :i* prec$$ ! explosion1 ! inhabitants escap$ 9 "t to ,vavau4 ,! ro> ( ! volcano 0 he>d "o hundr$ & ?irty miles (f2 & an ,am]ican %ip sail$ ?r\gh a %[] ( a%es1 roll+ l great volumes ( smoke1 = =ty miles4 ,= mon?s aft]w>ds ! gl>e ( ! trem5d\s fires 0 visible night aft] night 9 ! isl& ( ,vavau1 situat$ =ty miles away4#c ,ano!r dreadful eruption occurr$ on ! #bd? ( ,june #ahec1 9 ,niua ,fooeu1 an isl& ab\t two hundr$ miles to ! nor?-nor?-we/ ( ,funua-lai4 ,! entire isl& seems to be ! circul> ridge ( an anci5t & va/ volcano1 ( :i* ! crat] is occupi$ by a lake ( cle> calm wat]4 ,on ! occasion 9 "q ! e>? 0 r5t 9 ! c5tre ( a native village2 ! flames ( a new volcano bur/ =? f ! fissure1 bel*+ a sea ( molt5 lava1 "u :i* t5 miles ( c\ntry1 once cov]$ ) ! ri*e/ v]dure1 h be5 encas$ 9 solid rock1 av]ag+ f eight to fifte5 feet 9 ?ickness4 ,! lake boil$ l a cauldron1 & long aft] ! m p[]ful action ( ! volcano _h ceas$1 ! wat]s ( ! lake 7 (t5 r5t by tongues ( flame1 :i* %ot up f !m z well z f ! clefts 9 ! surr\nd+ precipices4#d ,9 ! isl& ( ,late1 ly+ to ! we/ ( ,vavau1 a new volcano broke out ) great viol5ce 9 #ahed2 ! ro> ( ! volcano 0 he>d at ,lifuka1 fifty miles away2 ! imm5se pill> ( smoke 0 visible by day & ! fire by night4 ,! c5tral portion ( "o side ( ! m\nta9 7ab\t #bejj feet high7 0 completely bl[n out by ! explosion4#e #a ,horatio ,hale1 ,u4,s4 ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ,e?nography & ,philology 7,philadelphia1 #ahdf71 pp4 #d sq42 ,f4 ,h4 ,h4 ,guillem>d1 ,au/ralasia1 ii4 7,london1 #ahid7 pp4 #dig1 #dii4 ,z to ! sc>city ( runn+ wat]1 see ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages 7,london1 #ahji71 iii4 #bjf1 v4 #chi4 ,he 0 told t !re 0 a runn+ /ream on ! high isl& ( ,kao4 ,z to ! soil ( ,tongataboo1 see ,capta9 ,james ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean 7,london1 #ahii71 p4 #bhj1 ,! soil is ev]y:]e prolific1 & consi/s ( a f9e ri* m\ld1 ^u an av]age ab\t f\rte5 or fifte5 in*es deep1 free f /ones1 except ne> ! bea*1 :]e coral rocks appe> above ! surface4 ,b5ea? ?is m\ld is a r$ loam f\r or five in*es ?ick2 next is a v /rong blue clay 9 small quantities2 & 9 "s places has be5 f\nd a black e>?1 :i* emits a v fragrant smell resembl+ b]gamot1 b x soon evaporates :5 expos$ to ! air4 #b ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #bgg4 ,= descriptions ( ! volcano see ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ,second ,edition 7,london1 #ahah71 i4 #bdj sq42 & especially ,?omas ,we/1 ,t5 ,ye>s 9 ,s\?-,ea/]n ,polynesia 7,london1 #ahfe71 pp4 #hi sqq4 ,bo? ^! writ]s asc5d$ ! volcano4 #c ,?omas ,we/1 op4 cit4 pp4 #gi sqq42 ,j4 ,e4 ,ersk9e1 ,j\rnal ( a ,cruise among ! ,isl&s ( ! ,we/]n ,pacific 7,london1 #ahec71 p4 #abj2 ,f4 ,h4 ,h4 ,guillem>d1 ,au/ralasia1 ii4 p4 #dig4 #d ,t4 ,we/1 op4 cit4 pp4 #hb sqq42 ,george ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians 7,london1 #aiaj71 pp4 #d sq4 #e ,t4 ,we/1 op4 cit4 pp4 #hh sq4 ,b n only h new volcanoes appe>$ or long ext9ct volcanoes resum$ _! activity )9 ! la/ c5tury 9 ! exi/+ isl&s1 new isl&s h be5 =m$ by volcanic action4 ,"o su* isl&1 emitt+ volumes ( fire1 smoke1 & /eam1 issu$ f ! surface ( ! sea1 & 0 discov]$ by ! mission>y %ip ,john ,wesley 9 ,augu/ #aheg2 its appe>ance _h be5 h]ald$ "s ye>s be=e by a /range agitation ( ! sea & by fire & smoke asc5d+ f ! wat]4 ,?is new volcanic isl& lies ab\t midway betwe5 ! two o!r volcanic isl&s ( ,tufoa & ,late4#f ,a ?ird new volcanic isl& seems to h be5 =m$ to ! s\? ( ,tufoa 9 #ahhf4g ,ano!r new isl& 0 ?r[n up f ! sea ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! tw5tie? c5tury2 x 0 p>tly wa%$ away aga91 b has aga9 mat]ially increas$ 9 size4#h ,x is notewor?y t ! volcanoes1 new or old1 all occur 9 a l9e runn+ r\ghly nor? & s\? at a consid]able di/ance to ! we/ (1 b p>allel to1 ! ma9 body ( ! ,tongan ar*ipelago4 ,!y cle>ly indicate ! exi/5ce ( subm>9e volcanic action on a great scale4 ,ev5 9 ! corall9e isl&s traces ( volcanic ag5cy h come to light 9 ! %ape ( pumice-/ones1 :i* h be5 dug out ( ! solid coral rock at consid]able dep?s4#i ,9 ! l(ty isl& ( ,eua an ext5sive dyke ( basalt is f\nd inl& und]ly+ ! coral =mation4#aj #f ,t4 ,we/1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ib-ic4 #g ,i inf] ?is f ! entry ,volcanic isl&1 #ahhf1 9 ,mr4 ,guillem>d's map ( ! ,pacific ,isl&s4 ,he does n m5tion x 9 ! text 7,au/ralasia1 ii4 p4 #dig74 #h ,george ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #f4 #i ,t4 ,we/1 op4 cit4 p4 #id4 #aj ,george ,br[n1 op4 cit4 p4 #d4 ,^! facts l5d "s c\nt5ance to ! view t ! :ole ar*ipelago =ms ! summit or visible ridge ( a long *a9 ( subm>9e volcanoes1 & t ! isl&s1 ev5 ^? ( corall9e =mation1 h be5 rais$ to _! pres5t level by volcanic action4#aa ,t v acute obs]v]1 ,capta9 ,cook1 or "o ( ! naturali/s ( ! exp$ition1 notic$ t 9 ! highe/ p>ts ( ,tongataboo1 :i* he e/imat$ r\ghly at a hundr$ feet above sea-level1 he (t5 met ) ! same coral rock1 :i* is f\nd at ! %ore1 project+ above ! surface1 & p]=at$ & cut into all ^? inequalities :i* are usually se5 9 rocks t lie )9 ! wa% ( ! tide4#ab ,aga91 on asc5d+ ! comp>atively l(ty isl& ( ,eua1 ,capta9 ,cook obs]ves3 ,we 7 n[ ab\t two or ?ree hundr$ feet above ! level ( ! sea1 & yet1 ev5 "h1 ! coral 0 p]=at$ into all ! holes & inequalities :i* usually div]sify ! surface ( ?is sub/ance )9 ! rea* ( ! tide4 ,inde$1 we f\nd ! same coral till we began to approa* ! summits ( ! highe/ hills2 &1 x 0 rem>kable1 t ^! 7 *iefly compos$ ( a yell[i%1 s(t1 s&y /one4#ac ,9 ! isl& ( ,vavau x 0 rem>k$ by ,capta9 ,waldegrave t ! coral rock rises _m feet above ! pres5t level ( ! sea1 & he adds3 ,! action ( fire is visible on x1 & we saw sev]al in/ances ( its cry/allisation4#ad #aa ,t4 ,we/1 op4 cit4 #ie4 #ab ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #cdd4 #ac ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #cha4 #ad ,capta9 ! ,hon4 ,w4 ,waldegrave1 ,r4,n41 ,extracts f a ,private ,j\rnal1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,geographical ,society1 iii4 7#ahcc7 p4 #aic4 ,! view t ev5 ! corall9e isl&s ( ! ,tongan ar*ipelago h be5 elevat$ by volcanic ag5cy is n necess>ily inconsi/5t ) ,d>w9's !ory t coral reefs are =m$ dur+ p]iods ( subsid5ce1 n ( elevation2#ae = x is q possible t1 aft] be+ rais$ ages ago by volcanic =ces1 ^! isl&s may be n[ sl[ly subsid+1 & t x has be5 dur+ ! p]iod ( subsid5ce t !y h become incru/$ by coral reefs4 ,yet ! occurr5ce ( coral rocks1 be>+ all ! m>ks ( m>9e action1 at consid]able heights above ! sea1 appe>s indubitably to prove t su* a g5]al subsid5ce has be5 9 "s places v>i$ by at lea/ a tempor>y elevation4 #ae ,*>les ,d>w91 ,j\rnal ( ,rese>*es1 etc41 dur+ ! ,voyage ( ! ,beagle 7,london1 #aiab71 pp4 #dga sqq42 ,sir ,*>les ,lyell1 ,pr9ciples ( ,geology1 ,twelf? ,edition 7,london1 #ahge71 ii4 #fjb sqq42 ,t4 ,h4 ,huxley1 ,physiography 7,london1 #ahha71 pp4 #bef sqq4 ,9 ?us po/ulat+ elevation by volcanic action1 z well z subsid5ce1 to expla9 ! =mation ( ! ,tongan isl&s ,i am glad to h ! support ( a good obs]v]1 ! late ,rev4 ,dr4 ,george ,br[n1 :o sp5t ! be/ ye>s ( 8 life 9 ! ,pacific1 :]e 8 exp]i5ce bo? ( ! l>g] & ! small] isl&s 0 v>i$ & ext5sive4 ,he writes3 ,i h se5 isl&s compos$ ( true corall9e lime/one1 ! cliffs ( :i* rise s p]p5dicul>ly f ! blue ocean t ! natives h to asc5d & desc5d by ladd]s 9 go+ f ! ocean to ! top1 or vice v]sa4 ,a l>ge /eam] c g s close to "s ( ^! cliffs t %e c\ld be moor$ alongside ( !m 9 calm wea!r4 ,x is n at all improbable1 ,i ?9k1 t 9 ^! isl&s we h ! two factors 9 ! =mation ( isl&s1 viz4 subsid5ce1 dur+ :i* ^! imm5se cliffs 7 =m$1 & subsequ5t upheaval4 ,?is is ! only way1 ,i ?9k1 9 :i* we c acc\nt = ^! p]p5dicul> cliffs 9 ! mid/ ( deep blue ocean4#af #af ,george ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians 7,london1 #aiaj71 pp4 #ac sq4 ,i h dwelt at :at may seem undue l5g? on ! volcanic ph5om5a ( ! ,tonga isl&s because ! occurr5ce ( su* ph5om5a 9 savage l&s has g5]ally influ5c$ ! beliefs & cu/oms ( ! natives1 q ap>t f ! possibility1 :i* %\ld always be borne 9 m9d1 t man fir/ obta9$ fire f an active volcano4 ,b ev5 if1 z has be5 sugge/$1 ! ,tonga isl&s =m$ ! />t+-po9t f :i* ! ,polynesian race spread ov] ! isl&s ( ! ,pacific1#ag x seems v unlikely t ! ,polynesians fir/ le>n$ ! use ( fire :5 !y rea*$ ! ,tongan ar*ipelago4 ,m probably !y 7 acqua9t$1 n only ) ! use ( fire1 b ) ! mode ( mak+ x long be=e !y migrat$ f _! orig9al home 9 ,s\!rn ,asia4 ,a p p]fectly ignorant ( t prime necessity c\ld h>dly h made _! way across su* wide /ret*es ( sea & l&4 ,b x is q possible t ! my? :i* ! ,tongans1 9 common ) _m o!r ,polynesians1 tell ( ! mann] 9 :i* _! ance/ors procur$ _! fir/ fire1 0 sugge/$ to !m by ! spectacle ( a volcano 9 eruption4 ,!y say t ! h]o ,maui ,kijikiji1 ! ,polynesian ,prome!us1 fir/ procur$ fire = m5 by desc5d+ into ! b[els ( ! e>? & /eal+ x f 8 fa!r1 ,maui ,atalanga1 :o _h kept x !re jeal\sly conceal$4#ah #ag ,john ,crawfurd1 ,gramm> & ,diction>y ( ! ,malay ,language 7,london1 #aheb71 ,prelim9>y ,diss]tation1 p4 #bec1 quot$ by ,?omas ,we/1 ,t5 ,ye>s 9 ,s\?-,c5tral ,polynesia1 pp4 #bdh sqq4 ,b ! m usual view is t ! />t+-po9t ( ! disp]sal ( ! ,polynesian race 9 ! ,pacific 0 ,samoa4 #ah ,s>ah ,s4 ,f>m]1 ,tonga & ! ,fri5dly ,isl&s 7,london1 #ahee71 pp4 #acd-acg2 ,le ,p4 ,reit]1 ,traditions ,tongui5nes1 ,an?ropos1 xii4-xiii4 7#aiag-aiah71 pp4 #ajbf-ajdj2 ,e4 ,e4 ,collcott1 ,leg5ds f ,tonga1 ,folk-lore1 xxxii4 7#aiba7 pp4 #de-dh4 ,miss ,f>m] probably obta9$ ! /ory f ! ,rev4 ,john ,?omas1 :o 0 a mission>y 9 ! isl&s = tw5ty-five ye>s 7f #ahbf to #ahej74 ,%e ackn[l$ges h] obligations to him = in=mation on ! religion ( ! natives 7p4 #abe74 ,= ! p]iod ( ,mr4 ,?omas's resid5ce 9 ,tonga1 see ,miss ,f>m]'s book1 p4 #afa4 ,! /ory is told 9 closely simil> =ms 9 _m o!r isl&s ( ! ,pacific4 ,= "s ( ! evid5ce see my edition ( ,apollodorus1 ,! ,libr>y1 vol4 ii4 p4 #cca sqq4 ,sec4 #b4 ,! ,tonga ,isl&]s1 _! ,"*1 ,mode ( ,life1 & ,gov]nm5t ,physically ! ,tonga isl&]s are f9e specim5s ( ! ,polynesian race & g5]ally impress travell]s v fav\rably4 ,capta9 ,cook1 ! fir/ to obs]ve !m closely1 describes !m z v /rong & well made1 "s ( !m really h&some1 & _m ( !m ) truly ,european features & g5u9e ,roman noses4#ai ,at a lat] date ,commodore ,wilkes1 ! comm&] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 speaks ( !m z "s ( ! f9e/ specim5s ( ! human race t c well be imag9$1 surpass+ 9 symmetry & grace ^? ( all ! o!r gr\ps we _h visit$2 & f>!r on he says3 ,a l>g] proportion ( f9e-look+ p is seldom to be se51 9 any portion ( ! globe2 !y are a %ade light] ?an any ( ! o!r isl&]s2 _! c\nt5ances are g5]ally ( ! ,european ca/2 !y are tall & well made1 & _! muscles are well develop$4#bj ,/ill lat]1 9 8 acc\nt ( ! voyage ( ! ,*all5g]1 ,"l ,george ,campbell express$ himself ev5 m w>mly3 ,!re are no p 9 ! _w1 he says1 :o /rike "o at fir/ s mu* z ^! ,fri5dly ,isl&]s4 ,_! cle>1 light1 copp]-br[n col\r$ sk9s1 yell[ & curly hair1 good-hum\r$1 h&some faces1 _! t\t ensemble1 =m$ a novel & spl5did picture ( ! g5us homo2 &1 z f> z physique & appe>ance g1 !y gave "o c]ta9ly an impression ( be+ a sup]ior race to ours4#ba ,a ,ca?olic mission>y obs]ves t ! natives ( ,tonga h>dly diff] f ,europeans 9 /ature1 features1 & col\r2 !y are a little sall[]1 :i* may be set d[n to ! high temp]ature ( ! climate4 ,x is difficult to h a v fre% complexion ) ?irty degrees ( heat1 ,reaumur1 z we h x dur+ f\r or five mon?s ( ! ye>4#bb ,9 appe>ance ! ,tonga isl&]s closely resemble ! ,samoans1 _! neighb\rs on ! nor?2 "s f9d !m a little light]1 b o!rs some:at d>k] 9 col\r ?an ! ,samoans4#bc ,accord+ to ! ,fr5* explor]1 ,dumont d',urville1 :o pass$ ab\t a mon? 9 ,tongataboo 9 #ahbg1 ! ,polynesian race 9 ,tonga exhibits less admixture ) ! sw>?y ,melanesian race ?an 9 ,tahiti & ,new ,zeal&1 !re be+ f> few] individuals ( /unt$ /ature1 flat noses1 & frizzly hair among ! ,tongans ?an among ! o!r ,polynesians4#bd ,ev5 among ! ,tongans ! physical sup]iority ( ! *iefs to ! common p is said to be conspicu\s2 !y are tall]1 comeli]1 & light] 9 col\r ?an ! l[] ord]s4 ,"s w\ld expla9 ! diff]5ce by a diff]5ce 9 upbr++1 noblem5 be+ m c>efully nurs$1 bett] f$1 & less expos$ to ! sun ?an common]s2#be b x is possible t !y come ( a diff]5t & bett] /ock4 #ai ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #dja sq4 #bj ,*>les ,wilkes1 ,n>rative ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ,new ,edition 7,new ,york1 #ahea71 iii4 #aj1 #be4 #ba ,quot$ by ,f4 ,h4 ,h4 ,guillem>d1 ,au/ralasia1 ii4 p4 #dhh4 #bb ,j]ome ,grange1 9 ,annales de la ,propagation de la ,foi1 xvii4 7#ahde7 p4 #h4 #bc ,horatio ,hale1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ,e?nography & ,philology1 pp4 #aj sq42 ,*>les ,wilkes1 ,n>rative ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 iii4 #be2 ,j4 ,e4 ,ersk9e1 ,j\rnal ( a ,cruise among ! ,isl&s ( ! ,we/]n ,pacific1 pp4 #aaf1 #aee4 ,! naturali/ ,j4 ,r4 ,=/] ?\ght ! ,tongans d>k] ?an ! ,tahitians4 ,see 8 ,obs]vations made dur+ a ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w 7,london1 #aggh71 p4 #bcd4 #bd ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 ,voyage de la corvette ,a/rolabe1 ,hi/oire du ,voyage1 iv4 7,p>is1 #ahcb7 p4 #bbi4 #be ,j4 ,e4 ,ersk9e1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aee sq42 ,s>ah ,s4 ,f>m]1 ,tonga & ! ,fri5dly ,isl&s1 p4 #adj4 ,intellectually ! ,tongans are report$ to surpass all ! o!r ,s\? ,sea isl&]s 9 _! m5tal developm5t1 %[+ great skill 9 ! /ructure ( _! dwell+s & ! manufacture ( _! implem5ts1 weapons1 & dress4#bf ,!y are bold navigators1#bg & ,capta9 ,cook obs]ves t no?+ c be a m demon/rative evid5ce ( _! +5uity ?an ! con/ruction & make ( _! canoes1 :i*1 9 po9t ( neatness & workman%ip1 exce$ ev]y?+ ( ?is k9d we saw 9 ?is sea4#bh ,h[ev]1 ! ,tongans appe> to h acquir$ mu* ( _! skill 9 ! art ( build+ & rigg+ canoes ?r\gh int]c\rse ) ! ,fijians1 _! neighb\rs to ! we/1 :o1 ?\gh _! inf]iors 9 seaman%ip & ! _s ( m>9e adv5ture1 orig9ally surpass$ !m 9 naval ar*itecture4#bi ,inde$ we are told t all ! l>ge ,tongan canoes are built 9 ,fiji1 because ! ,tongan isl&s d n furni% any timb] fit = ! purpose4 ,h5ce a numb] ( ,tongans are con/antly employ$ 9 ! w9dw>d or ea/]n isl&s ( ! ,fiji gr\p build+ ^! l>ge canoes1 a hundr$ feet or m 9 l5g?1 a process :i*1 x is said1 la/s six or sev5 ye>s4#cj ,! debt :i* 9 ?is respect ! ,tongans owe to ! ,fijians 0 necess>ily unkn[n to ,capta9 ,cook1 s9ce he nev] rea*$ ! ,fijian isl&s & knew ( !m only by report1 ?\gh he met & que/ion$ a few ,fijians 9 ,tongataboo4#ca #bf ,f4 ,h4 ,h4 ,guillem>d1 ,au/ralasia1 ii4 pp4 #dih sq4 #bg ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #bfd4 #bh ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 iii4 #aig4 #bi ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,! ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #bfc sqq4 #cj ,j4 ,e4 ,ersk9e1 op4 cit4 p4 #acb4 #ca ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #cif sq4 ,:5 ,capta9 ,cook visit$ ! ,tonga isl&s he f\nd ! l& almo/ ev]y:]e 9 a high /ate ( cultivation4 ,he says t cultivat$ roots & fruits be+ _! pr9cipal support1 ?is requires _! con/ant att5tion to agriculture1 :i* !y pursue v dilig5tly1 & seem to h br\ght almo/ to z great p]fection z circum/ances w p]mit4#cb ,! plants :i* !y *iefly cultivat$ & :i* furni%$ !m ) _! /aple foods 7 yams & planta9s4 ,^! 7 dispos$ 9 plantations enclos$ by neat f5ces ( re$s ab\t six feet high & int]sect$ by good smoo? roads or lanes1 :i* 7 %ad$ f ! scor*+ sun by fruit-trees4#cc ,walk+ on "o ( ^! roads ,cook tells u1 ,i ?\ght ,i 0 transport$ into ! mo/ f]tile pla9s 9 ,europe4 ,!re 0 n an in* ( wa/e gr\nd2 ! roads occupi$ no m space ?an 0 absolutely necess>y2 ! f5ces did n take up above f\r in*es ea*2 & ev5 ?is 0 n :olly lo/1 = 9 _m places 7 plant$ "s useful trees or plants4 ,x 0 ev]y:]e ! same2 *ange ( place alt]$ n ! sc5e4 ,nature1 assi/$ by a little art1 n[h]e appe>s 9 m spl5d\r ?an at ?is isle4#cd ,int]sp]s$ among ^! plantations irregul>ly 7 bread-fruit trees & coco-nut palms1 ( :i* ! palms 9 p>ticul>1 rais+ _! tuft$ heads 9 air above ! sea ( p]petual v]dure1 =m$ a pleas+ ornam5t ( ! l&scape4#ce ,!re 7 no t[ns or villages2 mo/ ( ! h\ses 7 built 9 ! plantations1 g5]ally surr\nd$ by trees or ornam5tal %rubs1 ^: fragrancy p]fum$ ! air4#cf #cb ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #daa sq4 #cc ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 iii4 #ahd1 #aie1 v4 #bgd1 #caf1 #ceg1 #daf4 #cd ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 iii4 #ahd4 #ce ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #bgd1 #ceg4 #cf ,id4 iii4 #aif4 ,:5 ,capta9 ,cook survey$ ?is ri* & beautiful c\ntry1 ! isl&s 7 & _h long be5 at peace1 s t ! natives 7 able to devote !mselves )\t di/raction to ! lab\r ( till+ ! soil & provid+ 9 o!r ways = ! necessities ( life4 ,unhappily %ortly aft] 8 visit to ! isl&s w>s broke out among ! inhabitants & cont9u$ to rage m or less int]mitt5tly = _m ye>s4 ,ev5 ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 f> f assuag+ ! /rife1 only add$ bitt]ness to x by furni%+ a fre% pretext = ho/ilities1 9 :i* app>5tly ! ,*ri/ians 7 sometimes ! aggressors ) ! connivance or ev5 ! enc\ragem5t ( ! mission>ies4#cg ,9 consequ5ce cultivation 0 neglect$ & l>ge portions ( l& 7 all[$ to lie wa/e4#ch #cg ,?is is affirm$ by ! ,ca?olic mission>y1 ,j]ome ,grange 7,annales de la ,propagation de la ,foi1 xvii4 7#ahde7 pp4 #ae sqq471 & ?\gh he writes ) a manife/ prejudice aga9/ 8 rivals ! ,prote/ant mission>ies1 8 evid5ce is confirm$ by ,commodore ,wilkes1 ! comm&] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 :o on 8 visit to ,tongataboo f\nd ! ,*ri/ians & hea!ns ab\t to g to w> ) ea* o!r4 ,he attempt$ to make peace betwe5 !m1 b 9 va94 ,! hea!n 7 ready to accept 8 ov]tures1 b x 0 evid5t t ,k+ ,george & 8 advis]s1 &1 inde$1 ! :ole ,*ri/ian p>ty1 seem$ to be desir\s ( cont9u+ ! w>1 ei!r to =ce ! hea!n to become ,*ri/ians1 or to c>ry x on to ext]m9ation1 :i* ! numb] ( _! w>riors made !m believe !y _h ! p[] to effect4 ,i felt1 9 addition1 t ! mission>ies 7 ?w>t+ my ex]tions by p]mitt+ w>like prep>ations dur+ ! p5d+ ( ! negotiations4 ,see ,*>les ,wilkes1 ,n>rative ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 iii4 #g sqq4 7my quotation is f p4 #af74 ,! /ory is told f ! po9t ( view ( ! ,prote/ant 7,wesleyan7 mission>ies by ,miss ,s4 ,s4 ,f>m]1 ,tonga & ,! ,fri5dly ,isl&s1 pp4 #bic sqq4 #ch ,john ,williams1 ,n>rative ( ,mission>y ,ent]prise 9 ! ,s\? ,seas 7,london1 #ahch71 p4 #bfd2 ,*>les ,wilkes1 op4 cit4 iii4 #cb sq4 ,l all ! ,polynesians ! natives ( ,tonga 7 ignorant ( ! metals1 & _! only tools 7 made ( /one1 bone1 %ells1 %>k's tee?1 & r\gh fi%-sk9s4 ,!y fa%ion$ axes1 or r adzes1 out ( a smoo? black /one1 :i* !y procur$ f ! volcanic isl& ( ,tufoa2 !y us$ %ells z knives2 !y con/ruct$ aug]s out ( %>k's tee?1 fix$ on h&les2 & !y made rasps ( ! r\gh sk9 ( a fi%1 fa/5$ on flat pieces ( wood4 ,) su* imp]fect tools !y built _! canoes & h\ses1 re>$ ! massive tombs ( _! k+s2 & did all _! o!r "w4#ci ,! wond] is t ) implem5ts s imp]fect !y c\ld accompli% s mu* & raise !mselves to a comp>atively high level among savages4 #ci ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 iii4 #aii1 v4 #dad sq4 ,capta9 ,cook says t ! only piece ( iron he f\nd among ! ,tongans 0 a small broad awl1 :i* _h be5 made ( a nail4 ,b ?is nail !y mu/ h procur$ ei!r f a =m] navigator1 p]haps ,tasman1 or f a wreck4 ,a feature ( ! ,tongan "* 9 :i* ! isl&]s ev9c$ _! sup]iority to mo/ ( ! ,polynesians 0 _! reg>d = wom54 ,9 mo/ savage tribes :i* practise agriculture ! lab\r ( till+ ! fields falls 9 great measure on ! female sex1 b x 0 n s 9 ,tonga4 ,!re ! wom5 nev] till$ ! gr\nd nor did any h>d "w1 ?\gh !y occupi$ !mselves ) ! manufacture ( b>k-clo?1 mats1 & o!r articles ( dome/ic use4 ,natives ( ,fiji1 ,samoa1 & ,hawaii1 :o resid$ 9 ,tonga1 us$ to rem>k on ! easy lives l$ by ! ,tongan wom51 & remon/rat$ ) ! m5 on ! subject1 say+ t z m5 und]w5t h>d%ips & dang]s 9 w> & o!r mascul9e pursuits1 s wom5 ought to be made to lab\r 9 ! fields & to toil = _! liv+4 ,b ! ,tongan m5 said t x is n gnale faf9e 7consi/5t ) ! fem99e "*7 to let !m d h>d "w2 wom5 ought only to d :at is fem99e3 :o loves a mascul9e woman8 besides1 m5 are /rong]1 & !re=e x is b prop] t !y %\ld d ! h>d lab\r4#dj #dj ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,! ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #bhg4 ,comp>e id4 ii4 #abd1 note 992 ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #daj sq4 ,fur!r1 x is to ! cr$it ( ! ,tongans t1 unlike _m o!r ,polynesians1 !y 7 n g5]ally cannibals1 & inde$ = ! mo/ "p held 9 abhorr5ce ! practice ( eat+ human bodies4 ,/ill "y w>riors occasionally dev\r$ ! corpses ( _! enemies 9 imitation ( ! ,fijians1 imag9+ t 9 s do+ !y manife/$ a fi]ce1 w>like1 & manly _s4 ,on "o occasion1 return+ f su* a repa/1 !y 7 %unn$ by e "o1 especially by ! wom51 :o upbraid$ !m1 say+1 ,away6 y are a man-eat]4#da #da ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #aid2 comp>e id4 i4 #cag-cbj4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ! ,tongan isl&]s 0 em95tly mon>*ical & ari/ocratic4 ,a /rict subord9ation ( ranks 0 e/abli%$ :i* has be5 aptly comp>$ to ! feudal sy/em4 ,at ! head ( ! social edifice 7 two *iefs :o bore "s resemblance to ! ,emp]or & ! ,pope ( m$iaeval ,europe1 ! "o be+ ! civil & milit>y head ( ! ,/ate1 :ile ! o!r embodi$ ! supreme spiritual p[]4 ,nom9ally ! spiritual *ief1 call$ ! ,tooitonga1 rank$ above ! civil *ief or k+1 :o paid him =mal homage2 b1 z usually happ5s 9 su* cases1 ! real gov]nm5t 0 9 ! h&s ( ! secul> r ?an ( ! religi\s mon>*4 ,! ,tooitonga 0 ackn[l$g$ to be desc5d$ f "o ( ! *ief gods2 he is spok5 ( by ,m>9]1 our pr9cipal au?ority1 z a div9e *ief ( ! highe/ rank1 & he is said to h enjoy$ div9e hon\rs4 ,! fir/-fruits ( ! ye> 7 (f]$ to him1 & x 0 suppos$ t if ?is c]emony 7 neglect$1 ! v5geance ( ! gods w\ld fall 9 a signal mann] ^u ! p4 ,yet he _h no p[] or au?ority 9 matt]s p]ta9+ to ! civil k+4#db ,! exi/5ce ( su* a d\ble k+%ip1 ) a correspond+ di/ribution ( temporal & spiritual functions1 is n uncommon 9 m advanc$ societies2 its occurr5ce among a p s comp>atively l[ 9 ! scale ( culture z ! ,tongans is rem>kable4 #db ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #dbd sqq42 ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #gd sqq41 #acb sqq42 ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 ,voyage de l',a/rolabe1 ,hi/oire du ,voyage1 iv4 7,p>is1 #ahcb7 pp4 #ij sq41 ,si t\t etait suivant l'ordre legal a ,tonga-,tab\1 on v]rait d'abord a la tete de la societe le t\i-tonga qui e/ le v]itable s\v]a9 nom9al des iles ,tonga1 et qui j\it meme des honneurs div9s4 ,bel[ ! two great *iefs or k+s 7 _m subord9ate *iefs1 & bel[ !m aga9 ! social ranks desc5d$ 9 a succession ( %>ply m>k$ gradations to ! peasants1 :o till$ ! gr\nd1 & ^: lives & prop]ty 7 entirely at ! m]cy ( ! *iefs4#dc ,yet ! social sy/em z a :ole seems to h work$ well & smoo?ly4 ,x does n1 inde$1 appe>1 says ,capta9 ,cook1 t any ( ! mo/ civilis$ nations h ev] exce$$ ?is p1 9 ! great ord] obs]v$ on all occasions2 9 ready compliance ) ! comm&s ( _! *iefs2 & 9 ! h>mony t subsi/s ?r\gh\t all ranks1 & unites !m1 z if !y 7 all "o man1 in=m$ )1 & direct$ by1 ! same pr9ciple4#dd ,accord+ to ! ,am]ican e?nograph]1 ,horatio ,hale1 ! mass ( ! p 9 ! ,tonga isl&s _h no political rights1 & _! condition 9 t respect 0 mu* inf]ior to t ( common]s 9 ! ,samoan isl&s1 s9ce 9 ,tonga ! gov]nm5t 0 mu* /rong] & bett] organiz$1 z he puts x1 = ! purpose ( oppression4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he admitt$ t gov]nm5t 9 ,tonga 0 mild] ?an 9 ,tahiti1 & inf9itely pref]able to ! debas+ despotism :i* prevail$ 9 ,hawaii or ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s4#de #dc ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #dbd sq41 #dbi sq42 ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #hc sqq4 #dd ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #dbf4 #de ,horatio ,hale1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ,e?nography & ,philology1 p4 #cb4 ,sec4 #c4 ,! ,tongan ,religion3 its ,g5]al ,pr9ciples ,= our k ( ! religion & ! social condition ( ! ,tongans be=e !y came "u ,european influ5ce1 we are indebt$ *iefly to an ,engli% sailor1 ,william ,m>9]1 :o liv$ z a captive among !m = ab\t f\r ye>s1 f #ahjf to #ahaj4df ,8 acc\nt ( ! natives1 c>efully elicit$ f him & publi%$ by a m$ical doctor1 ,mr4 ,john ,m>t91 ,m4,d41 is "o ( ! mo/ valuable descriptions ( a savage p :i* we possess4 ,m>9] 0 a good obs]v] & end[$ ) an excell5t memory1 :i* enabl$ him to reta9 & record 8 exp]i5ces aft] 8 return to ,engl&4 ,he spoke ! ,tongan language1 & he 0 a special fav\rite ( ! two ,tongan k+s1 nam$ ,f9[1 :o reign$ successively 9 ,tonga dur+ 8 resid5ce 9 ! isl&s4 ,! k+s befri5d$ & protect$ him1 s t he _h ! be/ opportunities = becom+ acqua9t$ ) ! cu/oms & beliefs ( ! p4 ,8 obs]vations h be5 confirm$ f indep5d5t s\rces1 & we h e reason to reg>d !m z tru/wor?y4 ,s f> z we c judge1 !y are a simple record ( facts1 unbiass$ by !ory or prejudice4 ,9 ! foll[+ notice ( ! ,tongan religion & doctr9e ( ! human s\l ,i %all draw *iefly on ! evid5ce ( ,m>9]4 #df ,m>9] 0 captur$ by ! ,tongans on ,decemb] #a1 #ahjf1 & he escap$ f ! isl&s 9 #ahaj1 app>5tly 9 ,novemb]1 b ! exact date ( 8 escape is n giv54 ,see ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #dc1 ii4 #ae sqq41 #fh1 #fi4 ,accord+ to him1 ! religion ( ! ,tonga isl&]s re/s1 or r us$ to re/1 on ! foll[+ notions4#dg #dg ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #ig sqq4 ,!y believ$ t !re are hotooas1#dh gods1 or sup]ior be+s1 :o h ! p[] ( disp5s+ good & evil to mank9d1 accord+ to _! m]it1 b ( ^: orig9 ! ,tongans =m$ no idea1 r suppos+ !m to be et]nal4 #dh ,! ^w is commonly spell$ atua 9 ! ,polynesian languages4 ,see ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y 7,well+ton1 ,n4,z4 #ahia71 pp4 #cj sq41 :o gives otua z ! ,tongan =m4 ,!y believ$ t !re are o!r hotooas or gods1 :o are ! s\ls ( all deceas$ nobles & matabooles1 t is1 ! companions1 m9i/]s1 & c\nsellors ( ! *iefs1 :o =m a sort ( inf]ior nobility4#di ,! s\ls ( all ^! dead m5 7 held to possess a p[] ( disp5s+ good & evil to mank9d l ! p[] ( ! sup]ior gods1 b 9 a less] degree4 #di ,z to ! matabooles see ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #hd sqq4 ,!y believ$ t !re are besides sev]al hotooa p[1 or mis*iev\s gods1 :o nev] disp5se good1 b only petty evils & tr\bles1 n z a puni%m5t1 b indiscrim9ately to anybody1 f a purely mis*iev\s disposition4 ,!y believ$ t all ^! sup]ior be+s1 al?\gh !y may p]haps h _h a beg9n+1 w h no end4 ,!y believ$ t ! _w also is ( unc]ta9 orig91 hav+ coexi/$ ) ! gods4 ,! sky1 :i* !y reg>d z solid1 ! heav5ly bodies1 & ! ocean 7 9 be+ be=e ! habitable e>?4 ,! ,tonga isl&s 7 drawn up out ( ! dep? ( ! sea by ! god ,tangaloa "o day :5 he 0 fi%+ ) a l9e & a hook4 ,!y believ$ t mank9d1 accord+ to a p>tial tradition1 came orig9ally f ,bolotoo1 ! *ief resid5ce ( ! gods1 a fabul\s isl& situat$ to ! nor?-we/ ( ! ,tongan ar*ipelago4 ,! fir/ m5 & wom5 consi/$ ( two bro!rs1 ) _! wives & att5dants4 ,!y 7 comm&$ by ! god ,tangaloa to take up _! abode 9 ! ,tonga isl&s1 b ( _! orig9 or creation ! ,tongans pr(ess$ to "k no?+4#ej #ej ,accord+ to a lat] acc\nt1 on ,ata 7 born ! fir/ m51 ?ree 9 numb]1 =m$ f a worm br$ by a rott5 plant1 ^: se$ 0 br\ght by ,tangaloa f heav54 ,^! ?ree 7 aft]w>ds provid$ by ! ,maui ) wives f ! ,und]world4 ,see ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 ,notes on ,tongan ,religion1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 xxx4 7#aiba7 p4 #aed4 ,!y believ$ t all human evil 0 inflict$ by ! gods ^u mank9d on acc\nt ( "s neglect ( religi\s duty1 :e!r ! neglect is ! fault ( ! suff]]s or ( ! *ief :om !y s]ve4 ,9 l mann] ! ,tongans app>5tly ref]r$ all human good to ! gods1 reg>d+ x z a rew>d be/[$ by ! div9e be+s on m5 :o punctually dis*>g$ ! (fices ( religion4#ea #ea ,s app>5tly we mu/ int]pret ,m>9]'s brief /atem5t & ! contr>y ( good 7,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #ih74 ,!y believ$ t nobles _h s\ls1 :i* exi/$ aft] dea? 9 ,bolotoo1 n accord+ to _! moral m]it1 b accord+ to _! rank 9 ?is _w2 ^! _h p[] l t ( ! orig9al gods1 b less 9 degree4 ,! matabooles1 or m9i/]s ( ! nobles1 also w5t aft] dea? to ,bolotoo1 :]e !y exi/$ z matabooles1 or m9i/]s ( ! gods1 b !y _h n1 l ! gods & ! s\ls ( dead noblem51 ! p[] ( inspir+ ! prie/s ) sup]human k4 ,"s ?\ght t ! mooas1 :o rank$ next bel[ ! matabooles 9 ! social hi]>*y1 also w5t aft] dea? to ,bolotoo2 b ?is 0 a matt] ( great d\bt4 ,z = ! tooas or common]s1 :o =m$ ! l[e/ rung 9 ! social ladd]1 !y _h ei!r no s\ls at all or only su* z dissolv$ ) ! body aft] dea?1 :i* consequ5tly end$ _! s5ti5t exi/5ce4 ,!y believ$ t ! human s\l dur+ life is n an ess5ce di/9ct f ! body1 b only ! m e!real "p ( ! corporeal frame1 & t ! mom5t aft] dea? x exi/s 9 ,bolotoo ) ! =m & lik5ess ( ! body :i* x _h on e>?4 ,!y believ$ t ! primitive gods & deceas$ nobles sometimes appe> visibly to mank9d to w>n or to af=d com=t & advice2 & t ! primitive gods also sometimes come into ! liv+ bodies ( liz>ds1 porpoises1 & a species ( wat] snake1 h5ce ^! animals are mu* respect$4 ,:5 ! gods ?us ent]$ into ! bodies ( porpoises1 x 0 = ! sake ( safegu>d+ canoes or = o!r b5efic5t purposes4 ,!y believ$ t ! two p]sonages 9 ! ,tonga isl&s kn[n by ! titles ( ,tooitonga & ,vea*i 7 desc5dants 9 a "r l9e f two *ief gods1 & t all respect & v5]ation are !re=e due to !m4 ,!y believ$ t "s p]sons are fav\r$ ) ! inspiration ( ! gods1 & t :ile ! inspiration la/s ! god actually exi/s 9 ! body ( ! inspir$ p]son or prie/1 :o is !n capable ( prophesy+4 ,!y believe t human m]it or virtue consi/s *iefly 9 pay+ respect to ! gods1 nobles1 & ag$ p]sons2 9 def5d+ "o's h]$it>y rights2 9 hon\r1 ju/ice1 patriotism1 fri5d%ip1 meekness1 mode/y1 fidelity ( m>ri$ wom51 p>5tal & filial love1 obs]vance ( all religi\s c]emonies1 pati5ce 9 suff]+1 =be>ance ( temp]1 & s on4 ,!y believ$ t all rew>ds = virtue or puni%m5ts = vice happ5 to m5 9 ?is _w only1 & come imm$iately f ! gods4 ,!y believ$ t sev]al acts :i* civilis$ nations reg>d z crimes are1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 matt]s ( indiff]5ce4 ,su* acts includ$ ! tak+ ( rev5ge on an enemy & ! kill+ ( a s]vant :o _h giv5 provocation1 or inde$ ! kill+ ( anybody else1 always provid$ t ! victim 7 n a v sup]ior *ief or noble4 ,fur!r1 among indiff]5t acts 0 reckon$ rape1 unless x 7 committ$ on a m>ri$ woman or on "o :om ! (f5d] 0 b\nd to respect on ! score ( h] sup]ior rank4 ,f9ally1 ! li/ ( v5ial (f5ces includ$ !ft1 unless ! /ol5 object 7 consecrat$ prop]ty2 = 9 t case ! action became sacrilege & 01 z we %all see pres5tly1 a v s]i\s crime4 ,!y believ$ t om5s are ! direct intimations ( ! future v\*saf$ by ! gods to m54 ,*>ms or sup]/iti\s c]emonies to br+ evil ^u any "o are consid]$ = ! mo/ "p infallible1 z be+ g5]ally effective means to dispose ! gods to accord ) ! curse or evil wi% ( ! malevol5t invok]2 to p]=m ^! *>ms is consid]$ c[>dly & unmanly1 b does n con/itute a crime4#eb ,"o su* *>m consi/$ 9 hid+ on a grave 7fytoca7 "s portion ( ! we>+ app>el ( an inf]ior relation ( ! deceas$4 ,! p]son ^: g>m5t 0 s hidd5 0 believ$ to sick5 & die4 ,an equally effectual way ( work+ ! *>m & ensur+ ! dea? ( ! victim 0 to bury ! g>m5t 9 ! h\se consecrat$ to ! tutel>y god ( ! family4 ,b :5 a grave 0 made use ( = ! malignant purpose1 x 0 ?\ght ess5tial t ! deceas$ %\ld be ( a rank sup]ior to t ( ! p]son aga9/ :om ! *>m 0 direct$2 o!rwise x 0 suppos$ t ! *>m w\ld h no effect4#ec ,9 ei!r case ! fatal result 0 cle>ly held to be br\ght ab\t by ! p[] ( ! gho/ or ( ! god1 :o us$ ! g>m5t z an in/rum5t = putt+ ! *>m 9 op]ation4 ,^! *>ms or sup]/iti\s c]emonies are :at we %\ld n[ call magical rites1 & !y 7 app>5tly suppos$ to effect _! purpose indirectly by con/ra9+ ! gods to c>ry out ! malevol5t int5tion ( ! magician4 ,if ,i am "r 9 s int]pret+ !m1 we seem driv5 to conclude t 9 ,tonga magic 0 suppos$ to be ineffectual )\t ! co-op]ation ( ! gods1 al?\gh its p[] to compel !m 0 deem$ = ! mo/ "p irresi/ible4 ,ev5 s its assum$ dep5d5ce on ! cons5t1 albeit ! reluctant cons5t1 ( ! deities implies a c]ta9 decad5ce ( magic & a gr[+ pr$om9ance ( religion4 ,moreov]1 ! moral repreh5sion ( su* practices = ! injury ( enemies is ano!r sign t among ! ,tongans magic 0 be+ relegat$ to t position ( a black art :i* x g5]ally occupies among m civilis$ peoples4 ,be t z x may1 c]ta9 x is t we he> extremely little ab\t ! practice ( magic among ! ,tongans4 #eb ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #aja4 #ec ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 i4 #dbd1 note 994 ,sec4 #d4 ,! ,prim>y or ,non-human ,gods ,su* are1 or r us$ to be1 ! pr9cipal articles ( ! old ,tongan cre$4 ,we may n[ exam9e "s ( !m a little m at l>ge4 ,b fir/ we may obs]ve t on ?is %[+ ! ,tongans 7 an em95tly religi\s p4 ,!y trac$ all ! good & ill 9 human affairs to ! direct int]v5tion ( ! gods1 :o rew>d$ or puni%$ mank9d = _! de$s 9 ?is life1 be/[+ ! rew>d or inflict+ ! puni%m5t 9 ! pres5t _w & n def]r+ ei!r to a di/ant & m or less unc]ta9 future 9 a _w beyond ! grave4 ,?us ) ! ,tongans ! fe> ( ! gods 0 a p[]ful inc5tive to lead a virtu\s life2 morality 0 plac$ "u ! imm$iate gu>dian%ip ( ! deities4 ,x is true t accord+ to _! notions morality consi/$ l>gely 9 ! p]=mance ( religi\s c]emonies1 b x 0 by no means limit$ to a simple obs]vance ( ! prescrib$ rites2 = we h se5 t _! conception ( a virtu\s life includ$ compliance ) ! dictates ( ju/ice1 mode/y1 & fri5d%ip1 ! fidelity ( wives to _! husb&s1 ! mutual affection ( p>5ts & *ildr51 pati5ce 9 suff]+1 & o!r modes ( conduct :i* we too %\ld n hesitate to rank among ! virtues4 ,:5 we consid] ! nature ( ! ,tongan gods1 we p]ceive t !y are %>ply discrim9at$ into two classes1 namely1 ! primitive & sup]ior gods on ! "o side & ! second>y & inf]ior gods on ! o!r side4 ,! primitive & sup]ior gods are ^? :o h always be5 gods & ^: orig9 & beg9n+ are unkn[n2 ! second>y & inf]ior gods are ! s\ls ( dead m51 :o consequ5tly h n always be5 gods1 because !y 7 human be+s be=e dea? elevat$ !m to ! rank ( deities4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ^! two classes ( gods is highly important1 n m]ely = ,tongan religion 9 p>ticul>1 b = ! hi/ory ( religion 9 g5]al4 ,= :atev] we may ?9k ( ,euhem]ism z a univ]sal explanation ( ! gods1 !re c be no d\bt t 9 _m l&s ! ranks ( ! cele/ial hi]>*y h be5 l>gely recruit$ by ! gho/s ( m5 ( fle% & blood4 ,b !re appe>s to be a g5]al t5d5cy to all[ ! orig9 ( ! human gods to fall into ! backgr\nd & to confuse !m ) ! true orig9al deities1 :o f ! beg9n+ h always be5 deities & no?+ else4 ,! t5d5cy may sometimes be acc5tuat$ by a delib]ate desire to ca/ a veil ov] ! humble bir? & mode/ beg9n+ ( ^! n[ wor%ipful be+s2 b probably ! oblit]ation ( ! di/9ction betwe5 ! two classes ( div9ities is usually a simple result ( oblivion & ! lapse ( "t4 ,once a man is dead1 8 figure1 :i* bulk$ s l>ge & s cle> to 8 contempor>ies1 beg9s to fade & melt away into some?+ vague & indi/9ct1 until1 if he 0 a p]son ( no importance1 he is totally =gott52 or1 if he 0 "o ^: actions or ?\ghts deeply influ5c$ 8 fell[s = good or evil1 8 memory l+]s 9 aft] g5]ations1 gr[+ ev] dimm] & x may be loom+ ev] l>g] ?r\gh ! long vi/a ( ! ages1 z ! ev5+ mi/ appe>s to magnify ! orb ( ! desc5d+ sun4 ,?us naturally & ins5sibly1 z "t goes on1 our mortal nature fades or bright5s into ! immortal & div9e4 ,z our subject is ! belief 9 immortality & ! wor%ip ( ! dead1 we are n directly conc]n$ ) ! orig9al ,tongan deities :o 7 believ$ nev] to h be5 m54 ,b s9ce _! functions & wor%ip appe> to h be5 9 c]ta9 respects closely analog\s to ^? ( ! inf]ior deities1 ! s\ls ( ! dead1 "s notice ( !m may n be out ( place1 if x helps to a full] und]/&+ ( :at we may call ! human gods4 ,besides1 we mu/ always be> 9 m9d t "s at lea/ ( ! s-call$ orig9al gods may h be5 m51 ^: hi/ory & humanity _h be5 =gott54 ,we c h>dly d\bt t ! cele/ial hi]>*y has (t5 be5 recruit$ by ! s\ls ( ! dead4 ,! orig9al & sup]ior gods1 ,m>9] tells u1 7 ?\ght to be r num]\s1 p]haps ab\t ?ree hundr$ all told2 b ! names ( v few ( !m 7 kn[n1 & ev5 ^? few 7 famili> only to "s ( ! *iefs & _! m9i/]s1 ! matabooles2 = x may easily be suppos$1 says ,m>9]1 t1 :]e no writt5 records are kept1 only ^? 7gods7 ^: attributes p>ticul>ly conc]n ! affairs ( ?is _w %\ld be mu* talk$ (2 z to ! re/1 !y are1 = ! mo/ "p1 m]ely tutel> gods to p>ticul> private families1 & hav+ no?+ 9 _! hi/ory at all int]e/+1 are sc>cely kn[n to anybody else4#ed #ed ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #ajd4 ,among ^! orig9al & sup]ior deities 0 ,tali-y-,toobo1 ! patron god ( ! civil k+ & 8 family4 ,he 0 ! god ( w> & 0 consequ5tly always invok$ 9 "t ( w> by ! k+'s family2 9 "t ( peace pray]s 7 sometimes (f]$ to him = ! g5]al good ( ! nation z well z = ! p>ticul> int]e/ & welf>e ( ! royal h\se4 ,he _h no prie/1 unless x 0 ! k+ himself1 :o 0 occasionally inspir$ by him2 b sometimes a :ole reign w\ld pass )\t ! k+ be+ once fav\r$ ) ! div9e afflatus4#ee #ee ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #aje4 ,ano!r god 0 ,tooi fooa ,bolotoo1 ^: "n means ,*ief ( all ,bolotoo4 ,f ?is x might be suppos$ t he 0 ! greate/ god 9 ,bolotoo1 ! home ( ! gods & ( ! deifi$ spirits ( m52 b 9 fact he 0 reg>d$ z inf]ior to ! w> god1 & ! natives c\ld give no explanation ( 8 high-s\nd+ title4 ,he 0 ! god ( rank 9 society1 & z su* he 0 (t5 invok$ by ! heads ( great families on occasion ( sickness or o!r tr\ble4 ,he _h sev]al prie/s1 :om he occasionally inspir$4#ef #ef ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #aje sq4 ,ano!r great god 0 ,toobo ,toty1 ^: "n signifies ,toobo ! m>9]4 ,he 0 ! god ( voyages1 & 9 t capacity 0 invok$ by *iefs or anybody else at sea2 = 8 pr9cipal function 0 to pres]ve canoes f accid5ts4 ,)\t be+ himself ! god ( w9d1 he _h great influ5ce ) t deity1 & 0 ?us enabl$ no d\bt to save _m :o 7 9 p]il on ! great deep4#eg #eg ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #ajf sq4 ,ano!r god 0 ,alo ,alo1 ^: "n means to fan4 ,he 0 ! god ( w9d & wea!r1 ra91 h>ve/1 & vegetation 9 g5]al4 ,:5 ! wea!r 0 seasonable1 he 0 usually invok$ ab\t once a mon? to induce him to keep on 8 good behavi\r2 b :5 ! wea!r 0 unseasonable1 or ! isl&s 7 swept by de/ructive /orms ( w9d & ra91 ! pray]s to him 7 repeat$ daily4 ,b he 0 n suppos$ to wield ! ?und] & lightn+1 ( :i*1 inde$1 says ,m>9]1 !re is no god ackn[l$g$ among !m1 z ?is ph5om5on is nev] recollect$ to h done any mis*ief ( consequ5ce4#eh ,f ?is x w\ld appe> t :]e no h>m 0 done1 ! ,tongans f\nd x ne$less to suppose ! exi/5ce ( a deity2 !y discov]$ ! h& ( a god only 9 ! work+ ( evil2 fe> 0 ! ma9spr+ ( _! religion4 ,9 boi/]\s wea!r at sea ,alo ,alo 0 n invok$2 he _h !n to make room = ! sup]ior god1 ,toobo ,toty1 ! protector ( canoes1 :o ) o!r sea gods always receiv$ ! homage ( /orm-toss$ m>9]s4 ,h[ev]1 ,alo ,alo1 ! wea!r god1 came to 8 own :5 ! yams 7 approa*+ maturity 9 ! e>ly "p ( ,novemb]4 ,= !n (f]+s ( yams1 coco-nuts1 & o!r vegetable products 7 (f]$ to him 9 p>ticul>1 z well z to all ! o!r gods 9 g5]al1 = ! purpose ( ensur+ a cont9uation ( fav\rable wea!r & consequ5t f]tility4 ,! (f]+ 0 accompani$ by pray]s to ,alo ,alo & ! o!r gods1 besee*+ !m to ext5d _! b\nty & make ! l& fruitful4 ,wre/l+ & box+ mat*es =m$ "p ( ! c]emony1 :i* 0 repeat$ eight times at int]vals ( t5 days4 ,! "t = ! rite 0 fix$ by ! prie/ ( ,alo ,alo1 & a curi\s feature ( ! c]emony 0 ! pres5ce ( a girl ( noble family1 "s sev5 or eight ye>s old1 :o repres5t$ ! wife ( ,alo ,alo & resid$ 9 8 consecrat$ h\se dur+ ! eighty days t ! fe/al season la/$4#ei #eh ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #ajh4 #ei ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #bje-bjh2 comp>e id4 #g1 note 991 #ajh4 ,ano!r god nam$ ,moooi 0 believ$ to support ! e>? on 8 pro/rate body4 ,9 p]son he 0 bigg] ?an any o!r ( ! gods2 b he nev] inspir$ anybody1 & _h no h\se d$icat$ to 8 s]vice4 ,inde$1 x 0 suppos$ t ?is ,atlas ( ! ,pacific nev] budg$ f 8 pa9ful & burd5some po/ b5ea? ! e>?4 ,only :5 he felt m ?an usually uneasy1 he tri$ to turn himself ab\t "u 8 heavy load2 & ! movem5t 0 felt z an e>?quake by ! ,tongans1 :o endeav\r$ to make him lie /ill by %\t+ & beat+ ! gr\nd ) /icks4#fj ,simil> attempts to /op an e>?quake are common 9 _m p>ts ( ! _w4#fa #fj ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #aab sq4 ,comp>e ,capta9 ,james ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean 7,london1 #agii71 pp4 #bgg sq4 ,moooi is ! ,polynesian god or h]o ^: "n is usually spell$ ,maui4 ,see ,horatio ,hale1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ,e?nography & ,philology1 p4 #bc2 ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 pp4 #bcc sqq4 s4v4 ,maui4 #fa ,adonis1 ,attis1 ,osiris1 i4 #aig sqq4 ,tangaloa 0 ! god ( artific]s & ! arts4 ,he _h sev]al prie/s1 :o 9 ,m>9]'s "t 7 all c>p5t]s4 ,x 0 he :o 0 said to h br\ght up ! ,tonga isl&s f ! bottom ( ! sea at ! end ( 8 fi%+ l9e2#fb ?\gh 9 "s acc\nts ( ,tongan tradition ?is feat is attribut$ to ,maui4#fc ,! v hook on :i* he haul$ up ! isl&s 0 said to be pres]v$ 9 ,tonga d[n to ab\t ?irty ye>s be=e ,m>9]'s "t4 ,x 0 9 ! possession ( ! div9e *ief ,tooitonga2 b un=tunately1 8 h\se cat*+ fire1 ! basket 9 :i* ! preci\s hook 0 kept p]i%$ ) its cont5ts 9 ! flames4 ,:5 ,m>9] ask$ ,tooitonga :at sort ( hook x 01 ! *ief told him t x 0 made ( tortoise-%ell1 /r5g!n$ ) a piece ( :alebone1 & t x measur$ six or sev5 in*es f ! curve to ! po9t :]e ! l9e 0 atta*$1 & an in* & a half betwe5 ! b>b & ! /em4 ,m>9] object$ t su* a hook c\ld h>dly h be5 /rong en\gh to support ! :ole weight ( ! ,tonga isl&s2 b ! *ief repli$ t x 0 a god's hook & !re=e c\ld n break4 ,! hole 9 ! rock 9 :i* ! div9e hook caught on ! memorable occasion 0 %[n d[n to ,m>9]'s "t 9 ! isl& ( ,hoonga4 ,x 0 an ap]ture ab\t two feet squ>e4#fd #fb ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #aji1 #aad sq42 ,horatio ,hale1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ,e?nography & ,philology1 pp4 #bd sq4 #fc ,j]ome ,grange1 9 ,annales de la ,propagation de la ,foi1 xvii4 7#ahde7 p4 #aa2 ,*>les ,wilkes1 ,n>rative ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 iii4 #bc2 ,s>ah ,s4 ,f>m]1 ,tonga & ! ,fri5dly ,isl&s1 p4 #acc4 ,accord+ to ?is la/ writ] x 0 only ! l[ isl&s t 7 fi%$ up by ,maui2 ! high isl&s 7 ?r[n d[n f ! sky by ! god ,hikuleo4 #fd ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #bgb1 ii4 #aad sq4 ,! ,ca?olic mission>y ,j]ome ,grange 0 told t ! hook 9 "q exi/$ d[n to 8 "t 7#ahdc71 b t only ! k+ might see x1 s9ce x 0 c]ta9 dea? to anybody else to look on x4 ,see ,annales de la ,propagation de la ,foi1 xvii4 7#ahde7 p4 #aa4 ,sec4 #e4 ,! ,temples ( ! ,gods ,"s ( ! primitive gods _h h\ses d$icat$ to !m4 ,^! sacr$ h\ses or temples1 z we may call !m1 7 built 9 ! /yle ( ord9>y dwell+s2 b g5]ally m ?an ord9>y c>e 0 tak5 bo? 9 con/ruct+ !m & 9 keep+ !m 9 good ord]1 decorat+ _! enclosures ) fl[]s1 & s on4 ,ab\t tw5ty ( ! gods _h h\ses ?us consecrat$ to !m2 "s ( !m _h five or six h\ses1 "s only "o or two4 ,= example1 ,tali-y-,toobo1 ! patron god ( ! royal family1 _h f\r h\ses d$icat$ to him 9 ! isl& ( ,vavau1 two 9 ! isl& ( ,lefooga 7,lifuka71 & two or ?ree o!rs ( small] importance else:]e4#fe ,ano!r patron god ( ! royal family1 call$ ,alai ,valoo1 _h a l>ge consecrat$ enclosure 9 ! isl& ( ,(oo2 he _h also at lea/ "o prie/ & 0 v frequ5tly consult$ 9 behalf ( sick p]sons4#ff #fe ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&1 ii4 #ajd sq4 #ff ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii1 #ajg sq4 ,to desecrate any ( ^! holy h\ses or enclosures 0 a mo/ s]i\s (f5ce4 ,:5 ,m>9] 0 9 ! isl&s x happ5$ t two boys1 :o _h belong$ to ! crew ( 8 %ip1 7 detect$ 9 ! act ( /eal+ a bale ( b>k-clo? f a consecrat$ h\se4 ,if !y _h be5 natives1 !y w\ld in/antly h be5 puni%$ ) dea?2 b ! *iefs1 tak+ into consid]ation ! y\? & inexp]i5ce ( ! (f5d]s1 :o 7 =eign]s & ignorant ( native cu/oms1 decid$ t = t "t ! crime might be ov]look$4 ,nev]!less1 to appease ! ang] ( ! god1 to :om ! h\se 0 consecrat$1 x 0 deem$ necess>y to address him humbly on ! subject4 ,accord+ly 8 prie/1 foll[$ by *iefs & _! m9i/]s 7matabooles71 all dress$ 9 mats ) leaves ( ! ifi tree#fg r\nd _! necks 9 tok5 ( humility & sorr[1 w5t 9 solemn procession to ! h\se2 !y sat d[n be=e x1 & ! prie/ address$ ! div9ity to ! foll[+ purport3 ,"h y see ! *iefs & matabooles t h come to !e1 hop+ t ?\ wilt be m]ciful3 ! boys are "y1 & be+ =eign]s1 are n s well acqua9t$ ) our cu/oms1 & did n reflect ^u ! greatness ( ! crime3 we pray !e1 !re=e1 n to puni% ! p = ! s9s ( ^! ?\ghtless y\?s3 we h sp>$ !m1 & hope t ?\ wilt be m]ciful & sp>e u4 ,! prie/ !n rose up1 & !y all retir$ 9 ! same way !y _h come4 ,! *iefs1 & p>ticul>ly ! k+1 sev]ely reprim&$ ! boys1 endeav\r+ to impress on _! m9ds ! enormity ( _! (f5ce1 & assur+ !m t !y ow$ _! lives only to _! presum$ ignorance ( ! he9\sness ( ! crime4#fh #fg ,! ifi tree1 ( :i* ! leaves 7 us$ by ! ,tongans 9 _m religi\s c]emonies1 is a species ( *e/nut 7,inoc>pus edulis7 :i* gr[s 9 ,indonesia1 b is ?\ght to be a native ( ,am]ica4 ,x is suppos$ t ! ,polynesians br\ght ! se$s ( ?is tree ) !m into ! ,pacific1 :]e x is said to be a cultivat$ plant4 ,see ,s4 ,p]cy ,smi?1 ,hawaiki1 ! ,orig9al ,home ( ! ,maori 7,*ri/*ur*1 etc41 ,new ,zeal&1 #aiaj71 p4 #adf4 ,to we> a wrea? ( ! leaves r\nd ! neck1 & to sit ) ! head b[$ d[n1 con/itut$ ! /ronge/ possible expression ( humility & entreaty4 ,see ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 ,notes on ,tongan ,religion1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 xxx4 7#aiba7 p4 #aei4 #fh ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #afc sq4 ,ano!r case ( sacrilege1 :i* occurr$ 9 ,m>9]'s "t1 0 att5d$ ) m tragic consequ5ces4 ,he tells u t consecrat$ places might n be ! sc5e ( w>1 & t x w\ld be highly sacrilegi\s to attack an enemy or to spill 8 blood )9 _! conf9es4 ,on "o occasion1 :ile ,m>9] 0 9 ! isl&s1 f\r m51 pursu$ by _! enemies1 fl$ = refuge to a consecrat$ enclosure1 :]e !y w\ld h be5 p]fectly safe4 ,"o ( !m 0 9 ! act ( scrambl+ ov] ! re$ f5ce1 & _h got a leg ov] x1 :5 he 0 ov]tak5 by a foe1 :o /ruck him su* a furi\s bl[ on ! head t he fell dead )9 ! hall[$ gr\nd4 ,consci5ce-/rick51 ! slay] fl$ to 8 canoe1 foll[$ by 8 m52 & on arriv+ at ! =tress :]e ! k+ 0 /ation$ he made a clean brea/ ( 8 crime1 alleg+ 9 excuse t x _h be5 committ$ 9 hot blood :5 he _h lo/ all self-comm&4 ,! k+ imm$iately ord]$ kava to be tak5 to ! prie/ ( 8 own tutel>y god1 t ! div9ity might be consult$ z to :at atonem5t 0 prop] to be made = s he9\s a sacrilege4 ,"u ! d\ble inspiration ( kava & ! deity1 ! prie/ made answ] t x 0 necess>y a *ild %\ld be /rangl$ to appease ! ang] ( ! gods4 ,! *iefs !n held a consultation & det]m9$ to sacrifice ! *ild ( a high *ief nam$ ,toobo ,toa4 ,! *ild 0 ab\t two ye>s old & _h be5 born to him by a female att5dant4 ,on su* occasions ! *ild ( a male *ief by a female att5dant 0 always *os5 = ! victim fir/1 because1 z a *ild ( a *ief1 he 0 a wor?i] victim1 & second1 because1 z a *ild ( a female att5dant1 he 0 n himself a *ief2 = nobility be+ trac$ 9 ! female l9e only ^? *ildr5 7 reckon$ *iefs ^: mo!rs 7 *iefta9esses2 ! rank ( ! fa!r1 :e!r noble or n1 did n affect ! rank ( 8 (fspr+4 ,on ?is occasion ! fa!r ( ! *ild 0 pres5t at ! consultation & cons5t$ to ! sacrifice4 ,! "m1 fe>+ ! decision1 _h conceal$ ! *ild1 b x 0 f\nd by "o ( ! se>*]s1 :o took x up 9 8 arms1 :ile x smil$ ) delight at be+ notic$4 ,! "m tri$ to foll[ b 0 held back2 & on he>+ h] voice ! *ild began to cry4 ,b on rea*+ ! place ( execution x 0 pleas$ & delight$ ) ! b&age t 0 put r\nd its neck to /rangle x1 & look+ up 9 ! face ( ! execution] x smil$ aga94 ,su* a sight1 we are told1 inspir$ pity 9 ! brea/ ( e "o3 b v5]ation & fe> ( ! gods 0 a s5tim5t sup]ior to e o!r1 & its de/roy] c\ld n help exclaim+1 z he put on ! fatal b&age1 ,o iaaoe *i vale6 7poor little innoc5t674 ,two m5 !n tight5$ ! cord by pull+ at ea* end1 & ! /ruggles ( ! innoc5t victim 7 soon ov]4 ,! little body 0 next plac$ ^u a sort ( h&-b>r[1 support$ on ! %\ld]s ( f\r m51 & c>ri$ 9 a procession ( prie/s1 *iefs1 & matabooles1 all clo!d z suppliants 9 mats & ) wrea?s ( gre5 leaves r\nd _! necks4 ,9 ?is way x 0 convey$ to v>i\s h\ses d$icat$ to diff]5t gods1 be=e ea* ( :i* x 0 plac$ on ! gr\nd1 all ! company sitt+ beh9d x1 except "o prie/1 :o sat beside x & pray$ al\d to ! god t he w\ld be pleas$ to accept ( ?is sacrifice z an atonem5t = ! he9\s sacrilege committ$1 & t puni%m5t might accord+ly be )held f ! p4 ,:5 ?is _h be5 done be=e all ! consecrat$ h\ses 9 ! =tress1 ! body 0 giv5 up to its relations1 to be buri$ 9 ! usual mann]4#fi #fi ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #baf-bai4 ,z to ! rule t nobility desc5d$ only 9 ! female l9e1 ?r\gh mo!rs1 n ?r\gh fa!rs1 see id4 ii4 #hd1 #ie sq42 ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 ,voyage de l',a/rolabe1 ,hi/oire du ,voyage1 iv4 #bci4 ,! consecration ( a h\se or a piece ( gr\nd to a god 0 d5ot$ by ! native ^w taboo1 ! g5]al mean+ ( :i* 0 prohibit$ or =bidd54#gj ,x 0 firmly believ$ by ! ,tongans 9 =m] days t if a man committ$ sacrilege or broke a taboo1 8 liv] or "s o!r ( 8 int]nal organs 0 liable to become enl>g$ & scirrh\s1 t is1 indurat$ or knotty2 h5ce !y (t5 op5$ dead bodies out ( curiosity1 to see :e!r ! deceas$ _h be5 sacrilegi\s 9 _! lifetime4 ,z ! ,tongans are p>ticul>ly subject to scirrh\s tum\rs1 x seems probable t _m innoc5t p]sons 7 ?us po/hum\sly accus$ ( sacrilege on ! /r5g? ( a po/-mortem exam9ation into ! /ate ( _! liv]s4#ga ,ano!r disagreeable consequ5ce ( break+ a taboo 0 a peculi> liability to be bitt5 by %>ks1 :i* ?us might be said to act z m9i/]s ( ju/ice4 ,z !ft 0 includ$ "u ! g5]al head ( brea* ( taboo1 a simple way ( br++ ! crime home to ! ?ief 9 case ( d\bt 0 to cause ! accus$ to g into ! wat] :]e %>ks 7 kn[n to sw>m2 if !y bit him1 he 0 guilty2 if !y did n1 he 0 innoc5t4#gb #gj ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #bbj4 #ga ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #aid1 note 992 comp>e #dcd1 note 994 #gb ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #bba4 ,sec4 #f4 ,prie/s & _! ,inspiration ,prie/s 7 kn[n by ! title ( fahe-gehe1 a t]m :i* means split (f1 sep>ate1 or di/9ct f1 & 0 appli$ to a man :o has a peculi> sort ( m9d or s\l1 diff]5t f t ( ord9>y m51 :i* dispos$ "s god occasionally to inspire him4 ,su* inspirations frequ5tly happ5$1 & :5 ! fit 0 on him ! prie/ _h ! same rev]5ce %[n to him z if he 7 ! god himself2 at ^! times ev5 ! k+ w\ld retire to a respectful di/ance & sit d[n among ! re/ ( ! spectators1 because a god 0 believ$ to exi/ at t mom5t 9 ! prie/ & to speak f 8 m\?4 ,b at o!r times a prie/ _h no o!r respect paid to him ?an 0 due to him = 8 private rank 9 society4 ,prie/s g5]ally belong$ to ! l[] ord] ( *iefs or to _! m9i/]s1 ! matabooles2 b sometimes great *iefs 7 ?us visit$ by ! gods1 & ! k+ himself has be5 inspir$ by ,tali-y-,toobo1 ! *ief ( ! gods4#gc ,! pr(ession ( prie/ 0 g5]ally h]$it>y1 ! elde/ son ( a prie/ becom+1 on 8 fa!r's dea?1 a prie/ ( ! same god :o _h inspir$ 8 deceas$ p>5t4 ,9 _! un9spir$ mom5ts ! prie/s liv$ indiscrim9ately ) ! re/ ( ! p & 7 treat$ ) no special def]5ce4#gd #gc ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #hj sq4 #gd ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #acf-ach4 ,! c]emony ( inspiration1 dur+ :i* ! prie/ 0 believ$ to be possess$ by a god & to speak 9 8 "n1 0 regul>ly accompani$ or prec$$ by a fea/1 at :i* ! dr9k+ ( kava =m$ ! pr9cipal feature4 ,! prie/ himself presid$ at ! fea/ & ! p ga!r$ 9 a circle r\nd him2 or1 to be m exact1 ! p =m$ an ellipse1 ( :i* ! prie/ occupi$ ! place ( hon\r at "o ( ! n>r[ ends2 :ile opposite him1 at ! o!r extremity ( ! ellipse1 sat ! man :o 0 *>g$ ) ! important duty ( brew+ ! kava4 ,at su* sessions ! *iefs sat indiscrim9ately among ! p on acc\nt ( ! sacr$ness ( ! occasion1 conceiv+ t su* humble demean\r mu/ be acceptable to ! gods4 ,! actual process ( inspiration 0 (t5 witness$ by ,m>9]1 & is describ$ by him 9 8 own words z foll[s3 ,z soon z !y are all seat$1 ! prie/ is consid]$ z inspir$1 ! god be+ suppos$ to exi/ )9 him f t mom5t4 ,he rema9s = a consid]able "t 9 sil5ce1 ) 8 h&s clasp$ be=e him2 8 eyes are ca/ d[n1 & he re/s p]fectly /ill4 ,dur+ ! "t t ! victuals are be+ %>$ out1 & ! cava prep>+1 ! matabooles sometimes beg9 to consult him2 sometimes he answ]s !m1 at o!r times n2 9 ei!r case he rema9s ) 8 eyes ca/ d[n4 ,frequ5tly he w n utt] a ^w till ! repa/ is f9i%$1 & ! cava too4 ,:5 he speaks1 he g5]ally beg9s 9 a l[ & v alt]$ tone ( voice1 :i* gradually rises to ne>ly its natural pit*1 ?\gh sometimes a little above x4 ,all t he says is suppos$ to be ! decl>ation ( ! god1 & he accord+ly speaks 9 ! fir/ p]son z if he 7 ! god4 ,all ?is is done g5]ally )\t any app>5t inw>d emotion or outw>d agitation2 b on "s occasions 8 c\nt5ance becomes fi]ce1 &1 z x 71 inflam$1 & 8 :ole frame agitat$ ) inw>d feel+2 he is seiz$ ) an univ]sal trembl+2 ! p]spiration breaks out on 8 =ehead1 & 8 lips1 turn+ black1 are convuls$2 at l5g?1 te>s />t 9 floods f 8 eyes1 8 brea/ heaves ) great emotion1 & 8 utt]ance is *ok$4 ,^! symptoms gradually subside4 ,be=e ?is p>oxysm comes on1 & aft] x is ov]1 he (t5 eats z mu* z f\r hungry m51 "u o!r circum/ances1 c\ld dev\r4 ,! fit be+ n[ gone (f1 he rema9s = "s "t calm1 & !n takes up a club t is plac$ by him = ! purpose1 turns x ov] & reg>ds x att5tively2 he !n looks up e>ne/ly1 n[ to ! "r1 n[ to ! left1 & n[ aga9 at ! club2 aft]w>ds he looks up aga91 & ab\t him 9 l mann]1 & !n aga9 fixes 8 eyes ^u 8 club1 & s on1 = sev]al times3 at l5g? he sudd5ly raises ! club1 &1 aft] a mom5t's pause1 /rikes ! gr\nd1 or ! adjac5t "p ( ! h\se1 ) consid]able =ce3 imm$iately ! god leaves him1 & he rises up & retires to ! back ( ! r+ among ! p4#ge #ge ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #ii-aja4 ,comp>e ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 ,notes on ,tongan ,religion1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 xxx4 7#aiba7 pp4 #aee-aeg4 ,sec4 #g4 ,! ,wor%ip ( ! ,gods1 ,pray]s1 & ,sacrifices ,! wor%ip (f]$ to ! gods consi/$ z usual ( pray]s & sacrifices4 ,pray]s 7 put up to !m1 sometimes 9 ! fields1 & sometimes at _! consecrat$ h\ses4 ,on ord9>y occasions a simple (f]+ consi/$ ( a small piece ( kava root deposit$ be=e a god's h\se4#gf ,b 9 ! great em]g5cies ( life ! fav\r ( ! gods 0 su$ ) m preci\s (f]+s4 ,:5 ! y\ng] daught] ( ,f9[1 a girl ( six or sev5 ye>s1 0 sick to dea?1 ! dy+ pr9cess 0 c>ri$ f h] fa!r's h\se into ! sacr$ enclosure ( ,tali-y-,toobo1 ! patron god ( ! k+s1 & !re %e rema9$ = a =tnight4 ,almo/ e morn+ a hog 0 kill$1 dress$1 & pres5t$ be=e ! god's h\se to induce him to sp>e ! life ( ! pr9cess4 ,at ! same "t pray]s 7 address$ to ! deity = ! recov]y ( ! pati5t2 b z ?is p>ticul> god _h no prie/1 ! pray]s 7 (f]$ by a m9i/] 7mataboole71 sometimes by two or ?ree 9 succession1 & !y 7 repeat$ five1 six1 or sev5 times a day4 ,_! g5]al purport 0 z foll[s3 ,"h ?\ see/ assembl$ ,f9[ & 8 *iefs1 & ! pr9cipal m9i/]s 7matabooles7 ( ?y fav\r$ l&2 ?\ see/ !m humbl$ be=e !e4 ,we pray !e n to be m]ciless1 b to sp>e ! life ( ! woman = ! sake ( h] fa!r1 :o has always be5 att5tive to e religi\s c]emony4 ,b if ?y ang] is ju/ly excit$ by "s crime or misdemean\r committ$ by any o!r ( u :o are "h assembl$1 we entreat !e to inflict on ! guilty "o ! puni%m5t :i* he m]its1 & n to let loose ?y v5geance on "o :o 0 born b z ye/]day4 ,= our own p>ts1 :y d we wi% to live b = ! sake ( ,f9[8 ,b if 8 family is afflict$1 we are all afflict$1 innoc5t z well z guilty4 ,h[ can/ ?\ be m]ciless8 ,h reg>d = ,f9[ & sp>e ! life ( 8 daught]4 ,:5 despite ( pray]s & ! sacrifices ( pigs1 ! girl grew daily worse in/ead ( bett]1 %e 0 remov$ to _m o!r consecrat$ enclosures ( o!r gods1 "o aft] ! o!r1 :]e ! l fond pray]s & fruitless (f]+s 7 pres5t$ 9 ! va9 hope ( /av+ (f ! approa* ( dea?4#gg #gf ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #bbd4 #gg ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #cej-cfj4 ,b m preci\s sacrifices ?an ! blood ( hogs 7 (t5 laid at ! feet ( ! angry gods4 ,:5 a relation ( a sup]ior rank 0 ill1 x 0 a v common practice = "o or m ( 8 or h] inf]ior k9sfolk to h a little f+]1 or a jo9t ( a f+]1 cut (f z a sacrifice to induce ! (f5d$ deity to sp>e ! sick man or woman4 ,s common 0 ! cu/om 9 ! old days t !re 0 sc>cely a p]son liv+ 9 ! ,tonga isl&s :o _h n ?us lo/ "o or bo? ( 8 little f+]s1 or a consid]able portion ( bo?4 ,x does n appe> t ! op]ation 0 v pa9ful4 ,m>9] witness$ m ?an once little *ildr5 qu>rell+ = ! hon\r ( hav+ x p]=m$ on !m4 ,! f+] 0 laid flat ^u a block ( wood3 a knife1 axe1 or %>p /one 0 plac$ ) ! edge on ! jo9t to be sev]$1 & a p[]ful bl[ ) a hamm] or heavy /one effect$ ! amputation4 ,sometimes an affectionate relative w\ld p]=m ! op]ation on 8 or h] own h&4 ,john ,williams que/ion$ a girl ( eighte5 :o _h hack$ (f h] own little f+] ) a %>p %ell to induce ! gods to sp>e h] sick "m4 ,g5]ally a jo9t 0 tak5 (f at a "t2 b "s p]sons _h small] portions amputat$ to admit ( ! op]ation be+ (t5 repeat$ 9 case !y _h _m sup]ior relations1 :o might be sick & require ! sacrifice4 ,:5 !y _h no m jo9ts :i* !y c\ld conv5i5tly sp>e1 !y rubb$ ! /umps ( ! mutilat$ f+]s till ! blood /ream$ f ! w\nds2 !n !y w\ld hold up ! ble$+ h&s 9 hope ( s(t5+ ! he>t ( ! angry god4#gh ,capta9 ,cook und]/ood t ! op]ation 0 p]=m$ = ! b5efit ( ! suff]]s !mselves to heal !m 9 sickness1#gi & ! same view 0 app>5tly tak5 by ! ,fr5* navigator ,labill>di]e1#hj b 9 ?is !y 7 probably mi/ak52 nei!r ( !m _h an accurate k ( ! language1 & !y may easily h misund]/ood _! in=mants4 ,p]haps ! only p]son 9 ! isl&s :o 0 exempt f ! necessity ( occasionally submitt+ to ! pa9ful sacrifice 0 ! div9e *ief ,tooitonga1 :o1 z he rank$ above ev]ybody1 ev5 above ! k+1 c\ld h no sup]ior relation = :om to amputate a f+]-jo9t4 ,c]ta9ly we "k t ,tooitonga _h n1 l ! re/ ( 8 c\ntrym51 to und]go ! pa9ful op]ations ( tattoo+ & circumcision2 if he desir$ to be tattoo$ or circumcis$1 he 0 oblig$ to g to o!r isl&s1 p>ticul>ly to ,samoa1 = ! purpose4#ha ,p]haps1 ?\gh ?is is n m5tion$ by our au?orities1 x w\ld h be5 deem$ impi\s to %$ 8 sacr$ blood 9 8 native l&4 #gh ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #dch sq41 ii4 #baj-bab2 ,capta9 ,james ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 pp4 #bci1 #bgh2 ,john ,williams1 ,n>rative ( ,mission>y ,ent]prises 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 pp4 #dgj sq42 ,j]ome ,grange1 9 ,annales de la ,propagation de la ,foi1 xvii4 7#ahde7 pp4 #ab1 #bf2 ,s>ah ,s4 ,f>m]1 ,tonga & ! ,fri5dly ,isl&s1 p4 #abh4 #gi ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 iii4 #bjd1 v4 #dba sq4 ,h[ev]1 9 a footnote to ! latt] passage ,capta9 ,cook gives ! correct explanation ( ! cu/om on ! au?ority ( ,capta9 ,k+3 ,x is common = ! inf]ior p to cut (f a jo9t ( _! little f+]1 on acc\nt ( ! sickness ( ! *iefs to :om !y belong4 #hj ,labill>di]e1 ,relation du ,voyage a la re*]*e de la ,p]\se 7,p>is1 #ahjj71 ii4 #aea4 #ha ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #gi1 #bfh4 ,b sacrifices to ! gods = ! recov]y ( ! sick 7 n limit$ to ! amputation ( f+]-jo9ts4 ,n uncommonly *ildr5 7 /rangl$ = ?is purpose4#hb ,?us :5 ,f9[ ! k+ 0 griev\sly sick & seem$ likely to die1 ! pr9ce1 8 son1 & a "y *ief w5t out to procure "o ( ! k+'s own *ildr5 by a female att5dant to sacrifice x z a vic>i\s (f]+ to ! gods1 t _! ang] might be appeas$ & ! heal? ( its fa!r re/or$4 ,!y f\nd ! *ild sleep+ 9 its "m's lap 9 a neighb\r+ h\se2 !y took x away by =ce1 & retir+ ) x beh9d an adjac5t burial-gr\nd 7fytoca7 !y /rangl$ x ) a b& ( b>k-clo?4 ,!n !y c>ri$ x be=e two consecrat$ h\ses & a grave1 at ea* place gabbl+ a %ort b appropriate pray] to ! god1 t he w\ld int]c$e ) ! o!r gods 9 behalf ( ! dy+ k+1 & w\ld accept ( ?is sacrifice z an atonem5t = ! sick man's crimes4#hc ,:51 n long aft]w>ds1 ! div9e *ief ,tooitonga1 9 spite ( 8 div9ity1 fell sick & seem$ l to die1 "o or o!r ( 8 "y relations _h a little f+] cut (f e day1 z a propitiatory (f]+ to ! gods = ! s9s ( ! sa9tly suff]]4 ,b ^! sacrifices rema9+ fruitless1 rec\rse 0 _h to great]4 ,?ree or f\r *ildr5 7 /rangl$ at diff]5t times1 & pray]s 7 (f]$ up by ! prie/s at ! consecrat$ h\ses & burial-gr\nds 7fytocas7 b all 9 va94 ,! gods rema9$ deaf to ! pray]s ( ! prie/s2 _! he>ts 7 n t\*$ by ! cutt+ (f ( f+]s or ! /rangl+ ( *ildr52 & ! illness ( ! sacr$ *ief grew e day m al>m+4 ,z a la/ resort & desp]ate rem$y1 ! emaciat$ body ( ! dy+ man 0 c>ri$ into ! kit*51 ! p imag9+ t su* an act ( humility1 p]=m$ on behalf ( ! highe/ dignit>y ( ! ,tonga isl&s1 w\ld surely move ! deities to compassion & induce !m to sp>e a life s preci\s to 8 subjects4#hd ,! same curi\s rem$y _h %ortly be=e be5 resort$ to = ! b5efit ( ! dy+ or dead k+1 ,f9[ ! ,fir/3 8 body 0 c>ri$ into ! kit*5 ( ! sacr$ *ief1 ! ,tooitonga1 & !re plac$ ov] ! hole 9 ! gr\nd :]e ! fire 0 light$ to cook victuals3 ?is 0 ?\ght to be acceptable to ! gods1 z be+ a m>k ( extreme humiliation1 t ! great *ief ( all ! ,hapai isl&s & ,vavaoo1 %\ld be laid :]e ! meane/ class ( mank9d1 ! cooks1 7 accu/om$ to op]ate4#he #hb ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #bjh sq4 #hc ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 i4 #cff4 #hd ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #dch sq42 comp>e id4 ii4 #bad4 #he ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 i4 #cfg sq4 ,! cu/om ( /rangl+ ! relations ( a sick *ief z a vic>i\s sacrifice to appease ! ang] ( ! deity & ensure ! recov]y ( ! pati5t 0 f\nd 9 vogue by ! fir/ mission>ies to ,tonga be=e ! arrival ( ,m>9]4 ,:5 ,k+ ,moomooe lay v sick & 8 dea? 0 h\rly expect$1 "o ( 8 sons s5t = a y\ng] bro!r "u pret5ce ( wi%+ to cut (f 8 little f+]s z a sacrifice to save ! life ( _! dy+ fa!r4 ,! "y man came1 :]eupon 8 eld] bro!r _h him seiz$1 /rangl$1 & buri$ )9 a few y>ds ( ! h\se :]e ! mission>ies 7 liv+4 ,aft]w>ds ! fratricide came & m\rn$ ov] 8 murd]$ bro!r by sitt+ on ! grave ) 8 elb[s on 8 knees & cov]+ 8 face ) 8 h&s4 ,9 ?is po/ure he rema9$ = a long "t 9 sil5ce1 & !n dep>t$ v ?\ghtful4 ,8 motive = ?us m\rn+ ov] ! bro!r :om he _h done to dea? is n m5tion$ by ! mission>ies & 0 probably n kn[n to !m4 ,we may conjecture t x 0 n s mu* remorse = 8 crime z fe> ( 8 bro!r's gho/1 :o o!rwise might h haunt$ him4#hf ,morality1 or at all ev5ts a semblance ( x1 has (t5 be5 ?us re9=c$ by sup]/iti\s t]rors4 #hf ,capta9 ,james ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 pp4 #bch-bdj4 ,9 record+ ?is incid5t ! mission>ies make use ( an expression :i* seems to set ! /rangl+ ( human be+s = ! recov]y ( sick relations 9 a some:at diff]5t light4 ,!y say t ! pr9ce ( d>kness has impress$ ! idea on !m1 t ! /r5g? ( ! p]son /rangl$ w be transf]r$ into ! sick1 & recov] him4#hg ,on ?is !ory ! sacrifice acts1 s to say1 me*anically )\t ! int]v5tion ( a deity2 ! life ( ! victim is transfus$ into ! body ( ! pati5t z a sort ( tonic :i* /r5g!ns & revives him4 ,su* a rite is !re=e magical r ?an religi\s2 x dep5ds = its efficacy on natural causes1 & n on ! pity & help ( ! gods4 ,yet ! mission>ies1 :o record ?is explanation ( ! cu/om1 else:]e implicitly accept ! religi\s int]pretation ( su* rites z vic>i\s sacrifices2 = !y say t among ! sup]/iti\s notions ( ! natives conc]n+ spirits 0 "o t by /rangl+ "s relations ( ! *ief :5 he is sick1 ! deity w be appeas$1 & he 7t is1 ! sick *ief7 w recov]4#hh ,p]haps bo? explanations1 ! religi\s & ! magical1 7 assign$ by ! ,tongans3 consi/5cy ( ?\ght is z little *>act]i/ic ( savage z ( civilis$ man3 provid$ he atta9s 8 ends1 he recks little ( ! road by :i* he rea*es !m4 ,an ,engli% sailor nam$ ,ambl]1 :o _h resid$ = ?irte5 mon?s 9 ,tonga be=e ! arrival ( ! mission>ies1 told !m1 t :5 a great *ief lay sick !y (t5 /rangl$ _! wom51 to ! numb] ( ?ree or f\r at a "t4#hi ,su* a sacrifice is m likely to h be5 religi\s ?an magical2 we may suppose t ! victims 7 r (f]$ to ! gods z sub/itutes = ! *ief ?an kill$ to recruit 8 fail+ /r5g? by an infusion ( _! heal? & vig\r4 ,a *ief w\ld probably h disda9$ ! idea ( draw+ fre% en]gy f ! bodies ( wom51 ?\gh he might be ready en\gh to believe t ! gods w\ld cons5t to accept _! life z a proxy = 8 own4 ,x is true t else:]e1 notably 9 ,ug&a1 human be+s h be5 kill$ to prolong ! life ( ! k+ by directly transf]r+ _! /r5g? to him2#ij b 9 su* cases x w\ld seem t ! victims h inv>iably be5 m5 & n wom54 #hg ,capta9 ,james ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #bdj4 #hh ,capta9 ,james ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 p4 #beg4 #hi ,capta9 ,james ,wilson1 op4 cit41 p4 #bgh4 ,?is ,ambl] 0 a man ( v indiff]5t1 n to say infam\s1 "*1 b he r5d]$ ! mission>ies consid]able s]vice by in/ruct+ !m 9 ! ,tongan language1 :i* he spoke flu5tly4 ,see ,capta9 ,james ,wilson1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ih1 #bdd sq4 #ij ,see ,adonis1 ,attis1 ,osiris1 ,?ird ,edition1 ii4 #bai sqq4 ,sec4 #h4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ! ,s\l & its ,de/9y aft] ,dea? ,?us f> we h dealt ) ! prim>y or sup]ior gods1 :o 7 believ$ to h be5 always gods1 & ab\t ^: orig9 no?+ 0 kn[n4 ,we n[ pass to a consid]ation ( ! second>y or inf]ior gods1 ^: orig9 0 p]fectly well kn[n1 s9ce !y 7 all ( !m ! s\ls ( dead *iefs or nobles1 ( :om "s _h di$ or be5 kill$ 9 rec5t ye>s4 ,b be=e we take up ! subject ( _! wor%ip1 x w be well to say a few words on ! ,tongan doctr9e ( ! human s\l1 s9ce ^! second>y deities 7 av[$ly nei!r m nor less ?an human s\ls rais$ to a high] p[] by dea?4 ,! ,tongans1 9 _! native /ate1 be=e ! adv5t ( ,europeans1 did n conceive ( ! s\l z a purely immat]ial ess5ce1 t be+ a conception too ref9$ = ! ?\ght ( a savage4 ,!y imag9$ x to be ! f9] or m a]i=m "p ( ! body :i* leaves x sudd5ly at ! mom5t ( dea?1 & :i* may be ?\ght to /& 9 ! same relation to ! body z ! p]fume ( a fl[] to its solid sub/ance4 ,!y _h no prop] ^w to express ?is f9e e!real "p ( man2 = ! ^w loto1 ?\gh x might sometimes be us$ = t purpose1 yet r means a man's disposition1 incl9ation1 passion1 or s5tim5t4 ,! s\l 0 suppos$ to exi/ ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! body1 b to be p>ticul>ly pres5t 9 ! he>t1 ! pulsation ( :i* !y reg>d$ z ! /r5g? & p[] ( ! s\l4 ,!y did n cle>ly di/+ui% betwe5 ! life & ! s\l1 b said t ! "r auricle ( ! he>t 0 ! seat ( life4 ,!y took ! liv] to be ! seat ( c\rage1 & pr(ess$ to h rem>k$1 on op5+ dead bodies1 t ! l>ge/ liv]s belong$ to ! brave/ m51 9 :i* obs]vation !y 7 c>eful to make all[ance = ! enl>gem5t ( liv]s consequ5t on disease4#ia #ia ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #abg sq4 ,!y ackn[l$g$ t ! tooas or l[] ord] ( p _h m9ds or s\ls2 b !y firmly believ$ t ^! vulg> s\ls di$ ) _! bodies & consequ5tly _h no future exi/5ce4 ,9 ?is ari/ocratic op9ion ! g5]ality ( ! common]s acquiesc$1 ?\gh "s 7 va9 en\gh to ?9k t !y _h s\ls l _! bett]s1 & t !y w\ld live h]eaft] 9 ,bolotoo4 ,b ! or?odox ,tongan doctr9e re/rict$ immortality to *iefs & _! m9i/]s 7! matabooles72 at mo/1 by a /ret* ( *>ity1 x ext5d$ ! privilege to ! mooas or ?ird e/ate2 b x held out no hope ( salvation to tooas1 :o =m$ ! f\r? & l[e/ rank ( society4#ib #ib ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 i4 #dai1 ii4 #ii1 #abh sq4 ,m>9]'s acc\nt1 :i* ,i h foll[$1 ( ! %>p di/9ction :i* ! ,tongans drew betwe5 ! immortality ( *iefs & ! mortality ( common p is confirm$ by ! te/imony ( o!r & indep5d5t obs]v]s4 ,accord+ to ,capta9 ,cook1 :ile ! s\ls ( ! *iefs w5t imm$iately aft] dea? to ! isl& ( ,boolootoo 7,bolotoo71 ! s\ls ( ! l[] sort ( p und]w5t a sort ( transmigration or 7 eat5 by a bird call$ loata1 :i* walk$ ^u _! graves = t purpose4#ic ,! fir/ mission>ies1 :o l&$ 9 ,tongataboo 9 #agig1 report t ! natives believe ! immortality ( ! s\l1 :i* at dea?1 !y say1 is imm$iately convey$ 9 a v l>ge fa/-sail+ canoe to a di/ant c\ntry call$ ,doobludha1 :i* !y describe z resembl+ ! ,mahometan p>adise4 ,!y call ! god ( ?is region ( pleasure ,higgolayo1 & e/eem him z ! greate/ & mo/ p[]ful ( all o!rs1 ! re/ be+ no bett] ?an s]vants to him4 ,?is doctr9e1 h[ev]1 is :olly conf9$ to ! *iefs1 = ! tooas 7or l[] ord]7 c give no acc\nt :atev]2 z !y reckon ! enjoym5ts ( ,doobludha above _! capacity1 s !y seem nev] to ?9k ( :at may become ( !m aft] !y h s]v$ ! purposes ( ?is life4#id ,"o ( ^! fir/ mission>ies 0 a c]ta9 ,george ,veeson1 :o _h be5 a bricklay] be=e he und]took to conv]t ! hea!n to ,*ri/ianity4 ,we>y+1 h[ev]1 ( mission>y "w1 he des]t$ 8 bre?r5 & betook himself to ! hea!n1 among :om he liv$ z "o ( !m1 adopt+ ! native g>b1 m>ry+ native wom51 & eag]ly fight+ 9 ! w>s ( ! natives among !mselves4 ,9 ?is way he acquir$ a consid]able k ( ! ,tongan language & cu/oms1 ( :i* he made "s use 9 ! acc\nt ( 8 exp]i5ces :i* he publi%$ anonym\sly aft] 8 return to ,engl&4 ,speak+ ( ,tongan ideas conc]n+ ! immortality ( ! s\l he says t he he>d ! *iefs speak mu* ( ,bulotu 7,bolotoo74 ,into ?is region1 h[ev]1 !y believ$ none 7 admitt$ b !mselves4 ,! ,tuas1 or l[] class1 hav+ no hope ( %>+ su* bliss1 seldom speculate ^u a futurity1 :i* to !m appe>s a subject lo/ 9 %ad[s1 cl\ds1 & d>kness4#ie ,! mission>ies report$ to ,commodore ,wilkes t ! spirits ( all *iefs 7 suppos$ to g to ,bolotoo1 :ile ! s\ls ( poor p rema9$ 9 ?is _w to fe$ ^u ants & liz>ds4#if ,) reg>d to ! fate ( ! s\l aft] dea?1 ! ,tongans univ]sally & positively believ$ 9 ! exi/5ce ( a great isl&1 ly+ at a consid]able di/ance to ! nor?-we/1 :i* !y consid]$ to be ! abode ( _! gods & ( ! s\ls ( _! dead nobles & _! m9i/]s 7! matabooles74 ,?is isl& !y suppos$ to be mu* l>g] ?an all _! own isl&s put toge!r1 & to be well /ock$ ) all k9ds ( useful & ornam5tal plants1 always 9 a high /ate ( p]fection1 & always be>+ ! ri*e/ fruits & ! mo/ beautiful fl[]s accord+ to _! respective natures2 !y ?\ght t :5 ^! fruits or fl[]s 7 pluck$1 o!rs imm$iately took _! place1 & t ! :ole atmosph]e 0 fill$ ) ! mo/ delightful fragrance t ! imag9ation c conceive1 exhal$ f ^! immortal plants4 ,! isl&1 too1 0 well /ock$ ) ! mo/ beautiful birds1 ( all imag9able k9ds1 z well z ) abundance ( hogs2 & all ( ^! creatures 7 immortal1 except :5 !y 7 kill$ to provide food = ! gods4 ,b ! mom5t a hog or a bird 0 kill$1 ano!r live hog or bird came into exi/5ce to supply its place1 j z happ5$ ) ! fruits & fl[]s2 & ?is1 s f> z !y c\ld asc]ta91 0 ! only way 9 :i* plants & animals 7 propagat$ 9 ,bolotoo4 ,s f> away 0 ! happy isl& suppos$ to be t x 0 dang]\s = liv+ m5 to attempt to sail ?i!r 9 _! canoes2 inde$1 except by ! express p]mission ( ! gods1 !y c\ld n f9d ! isl&1 h[ev] ne> !y might come to x4 ,!y tell1 h[ev]1 ( a ,tongan canoe :i*1 return+ f ,fiji1 0 driv5 by /ress ( wea!r to ,bolotoo4 ,! crew knew n ! place1 & be+ 9 want ( provisions & see+ ! c\ntry to ab\nd 9 all sorts ( fruits1 !y l&$ & proce$$ to pluck "s bread-fruit4 ,b to _! unspeakable a/oni%m5t !y c\ld no m lay hold ( ! fruit ?an if x 7 a %ad[2 !y walk$ ?r\gh ! trunks ( ! trees & pass$ ?r\gh ! sub/ance ( ! h\ses )\t feel+ any %ock or resi/ance4 ,at l5g? !y saw "s ( ! gods1 :o pass$ ?r\gh ! m5's bodies z if !y 7 empty space4 ,^! gods recomm5d$ !m to g away imm$iately1 z !y _h no prop] food = !m1 & !y promis$ !m a fair w9d & a spe$y passage4 ,s ! m5 put to sea1 & sail+ ) ! utmo/ spe$ !y arriv$ at ,samoa1 :]e !y /ay$ two or ?ree days4 ,!nce1 aga9 sail+ v fa/1 !y return$ to ,tonga1 :]e 9 ! c\rse ( a few days !y all di$1 n z a puni%m5t = hav+ be5 at ,bolotoo1 b z a natural consequ5ce1 ! air ( t place1 z x 71 infect+ mortal bodies ) spe$y dea?4 ,! gods :o dwell 9 ,bolotoo h no canoes1 n requir+ !m2 = if !y wi% to be any:]e1 !re !y are ! mom5t ! wi% is felt4#ig #ic ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #dbc4 #id ,capta9 ,james ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 pp4 #bgh sq4 #ie ,quot$ by ,miss ,s>ah ,s4 ,f>m]1 ,tonga & ! ,fri5dly ,isl&s1 p4 #aca4 ,z to ,veeson1 see id4 pp4 #gh1 #he sqq4 ,! title ( 8 book is giv5 7p4 #hg7 z ,au!ntic ,n>rative ( a ,f\r ,ye>s' ,resid5ce 9 ,tongataboo 7,london3 ,longman ,co41 #ahae74 ,i h n se5 ! book4 ,! man's "n is giv5 z ,vason by 7,sir7 ,basil ,?omson 9 8 ,div]sions ( a ,prime ,m9i/] 7,ed9burgh & ,london1 #ahid71 pp4 #cbf1 #cbg1 #cbi1 #cca2 b 8 real "n seems to h be5 ,george ,veeson4 ,see ,capta9 ,james ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 pp4 #f1 #bcj4 #if ,*>les ,wilkes1 ,n>rative ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 iii4 #bb4 #ig ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #aja-ajc4 ,x is said t 9 ord] to p ,bolotoo ! god ,hikuleo us$ to c>ry (f ! fir/-born sons ( *iefs & o!r great m51 :om he transport$ to ! isl& ( ! gods4 ,to su* l5g?s did he g 9 ?is sy/em ( abduction t m5 on e>? grew v uneasy4 ,_! ranks became ?9n] & ?9n]4 ,h[ 0 all ?is to end8 ,at la/ ! o!r gods 7 mov$ to compassion4 ,! two gods ,tangaloa & ,maui laid hold ( bro!r ,hikuleo1 pass$ a /rong *a9 r\nd 8 wai/ & betwe5 8 legs1 & !n tak+ ! *a9 by ! ends !y fa/5$ "o ( !m to ! sky & ! o!r to ! e>?4 ,?us truss$ up1 ! deity /ill made _m attempts to snat* away fir/-born sons2 b all 8 ef=ts 7 ?w>t$ & baffl$ by ! *a91 = no soon] did he d>t out 9 "o direction1 ?an ! *a9 pull$ him back 9 ano!r4 ,accord+ to ano!r1 or ! same /ory1 ! excursions ( ! deity 7 fur!r limit$ by ! l5g? ( 8 tail1 ! end ( :i* 0 te!r$ to ! cave 9 :i* he resid$2 & ?\gh ! tail 0 long & all[$ him a good deal ( rope1 d :at he w\ld1 he c\ld n break b\nds or obta9 m ?an a v p>tial view ( :at 0 go+ on 9 ! re/ ( ! _w4#ih #ih ,s>ah ,s4 ,f>m]1 ,tonga & ! ,fri5dly ,isl&s1 pp4 #acb sq4 ,z to ,hikuleo & 8 long tail1 see also ,*>les ,wilkes1 ,n>rative ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 iii4 #bc1 ,hikuleo is ! god ( spirits1 & is ! ?ird 9 ord] ( "t2 he dwells 9 a cave 9 ! isl&4 ,bulotu is mo/ rem>kable = a long tail1 :i* prev5ts him f go+ f>!r f ! cave 9 :i* he resides ?an its l5g? w admit (4 ,"h ! god ,hikuleo appe>s to be confus$ ) ! isl& ( ,bulotu 7,bulotoo7 9 :i* he resid$4 ,tradition wav]s on ! "q :e!r ,hikuleo 0 a god or goddess1 b ! g5]al suffrage seems 9 fav\r ( ! female sex4 ,see ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 ,notes on ,tongan ,religion1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 xxx4 7#aiba7 pp4 #aeb1 #aec4 ,9 ?is curi\s /ory we may p]haps detect a tradition ( a "t :5 among ! ,tongans1 z among ! ,semites1 religion or sup]/ition dem&$ ! sacrifice ( all fir/-born sons1 a b>b>\s cu/om :i* has be5 practis$ by n a few peoples 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! e>?4#ii #ii ,z to a cu/om ( putt+ ! fir/-born to dea?1 see ,! ,dy+ ,god1 pp4 #agh sqq42 & = o!r report$ in/ances ( ! cu/om1 see ,mrs4 ,james ,smi?1 ,! ,boo&ik ,tribe ( ,s\? ,au/ralia 7,adelaide1 #ahhj71 pp4 #g sq42 ,c4 ,e4 ,fox1 ,social ,organisation 9 ,san ,cri/oval1 ,solomon ,isl&s1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,r4 ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xlix4 7#aiai7 p4 #ajj2 ,e4 ,o4 ,m>t91 ,! ,gods ( ,india 7,london & ,toronto1 #aiad71 p4 #bae2 ,n4 ,w4 ,?omas1 ,an?ropological ,report on ! ,ibo-speak+ peoples ( ,nig]ia1 ,"p i4 7,london1 #aiac7 p4 #ab4 ,comp>e ,e4 ,we/]m>ck1 ,orig9 & ,developm5t ( ! ,moral ,ideas 7,london1 #aijf71 i4 #deh sqq4 ,! human s\l aft] its sep>ation f ! body at dea? 0 t]m$ a hotooa or atua1 t is1 a god or _s1 & 0 believ$ to exi/ 9 ! %ape ( ! body & to h ! same prop5sities z 9 life1 b to be correct$ by a m enlight5$ und]/&+1 by :i* x readily di/+ui%$ good f evil1 tru? f falsehood1 & "r f wrong4 ,! s\ls dwelt = ev] 9 ! happy regions ( ,bolotoo1 :]e !y bore ! same names z 9 life & held ! same rank among !mselves z !y _h held dur+ _! mortal exi/5ce4 ,b _! lot 9 ,bolotoo 0 9 no way affect$ by ! good or evil :i* !y _h done on e>?2 = ! ,tongans did n believe 9 a future /ate ( retribution = de$s done 9 ! body2 !y ?\ght t ! gods puni%$ crime 9 ?is pres5t _w1 )\t wait+ to r$ress ! balance ( ju/ice 9 ! _w to come4 ,z _m ( ! nobles :o pass$ at dea? to ,bolotoo _h be5 w>like & turbul5t 9 _! life1 x might naturally be anticipat$ t !y %\ld cont9ue to wage w> on ea* o!r 9 ! l& beyond ! grave2 b t 0 n s1 = by a m]ciful disp5sation _! und]/&+s 7 s mu* enlight5$1 or _! temp]s s mu* improv$1 by _! resid5ce 9 ,bolotoo1 t any diff]5ces !y might h betwe5 !mselves1 or ) ! primitive gods1 !y adju/$ by temp]ate discussion )\t resort to viol5ce2 ?\gh p 9 ,tonga sometimes he>d an e*o & caught a glimpse ( ^! high debates 9 ! rumble ( ?und] & ! fla% ( lightn+4#ajj ,9 ! blissful abode ( ,bolotoo ! s\ls ( *iefs & nobles liv$ = ev]1 be+ n subject to a second dea?1 & !re !y fea/$ ^u all ! fav\rite productions ( _! native c\ntry1 :i* grew also abundantly 9 ! happy isl&4#aja #ajj ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #aaj sq41 #acj1 #aca1 #aci1 #adj4 #aja ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #dbc4 ,a less *e]ful picture1 h[ev]1 ( ! /ate ( s\ls 9 ! o!r _w 0 pa9t$ = ,commodore ,wilkes by ! mission>ies :o furni%$ him ) in=mation on ! native religion ( ! ,tongans4 ,accord+ to !m1 ! s\ls 7 =c$ to become ! s]vants1 or r slaves1 ( ! long-tail$ deity ,hikuleo1 ^: comm&s !y _h no *oice b to execute4 ,8 h\se & all ?+s 9 x 7 ev5 con/ruct$ ( ! s\ls ( ! dead2 & he w5t s f> z to make f5ces out ( !m & b>s to 8 gates1 an indignity :i* mu/ h be5 deeply res5t$ by ! pr\d spirits ( k+s & nobles4#ajb ,h[ ?is gloomy picture ( ! fate ( s\ls 9 ,bolotoo is to be reconcil$ ) ! bright descriptions ( x :i* ,i h drawn f ! pages ( ,m>9] & ,cook1 x is n easy to say4 ,app>5tly we mu/ acquiesce 9 ! discrepancy4 ,t savages %\ld ent]ta9 inconsi/5t views on ! life aft] dea? ne$ n surprise u1 :5 we rememb] h[ little accurate in=mation ev5 civilis$ peoples possess on t mom5t\s subject4 #ajb ,*>les ,wilkes1 ,n>rative ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 iii4 #bc4 ,! writ] "h speaks ( ,bulotu1 :]e he %\ld h said ,hikuleo4 ,see above1 p4 #hi1 note#a4 ,sec4 #i4 ,! ,s\ls ( ! ,dead z ,gods ,we h se5 t accord+ to ,m>9]1 our be/ au?ority on ,tongan religion1 ! s\ls ( dead nobles rank$ z gods1 possess+ all ! p[]s & attributes ( ! prim>y or orig9al deities1 ?\gh 9 an inf]ior degree4#ajc ,?us1 l ! prim>y gods1 !y _h ! p[] ( return+ to ,tonga to inspire prie/s1 relations1 or o!r p4#ajd ,= example1 ! son ( ,f9[1 ! ,k+1 us$ to be inspir$ by ! _s ( ,toogoo ,ahoo1 a =m] k+ ( ,tonga1 :o _h be5 assass9at$ ) ! connivance ( 8 successor1 ,f9[4 ,"o day ,m>9] ask$ ?is "y *ief h[ he felt :5 he 0 visit$ by ! _s ( ! murd]$ mon>*4 ,! *ief repli$ t he c\ld n well describe 8 feel+s1 b ! be/ he c\ld say ( x 01 t he felt himself all ov] 9 a gl[ ( heat & q re/less & uncom=table2 he did n feel 8 p]sonal id5tity1 z x 71 b seem$ to h a m9d diff]+ f 8 own natural m9d1 8 ?\ghts w&]+ ^u /range & unusual topics1 ?\gh he rema9$ p]fectly s5sible ( surr\nd+ objects4 ,:5 ,m>9] ask$ him h[ he knew x 0 ! _s ( ,toogoo ,ahoo :o possess$ him1 ! *ief answ]$ impati5tly1 ,!re's a fool6 ,h[ c ,i tell y h[ ,i knew x8 ,i felt & knew x 0 s by a k9d ( consci\sness2 my m9d told me t x 0 ,toogoo ,ahoo4 ,simil>ly ,f9[ himself1 ! fa!r ( ?is "y man1 us$ occasionally to be inspir$ by ! gho/ ( ,moomooi1 a =m] k+ ( ,tonga4#aje #ajc ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tongan ,isl&s1 ii4 #ig1 #ii1 #ajc1 #aji sq4 ,see above1 pp4 #fd sq41 #ff4 #ajd ,w4 ,m>9]1 ii4 #acj sq42 comp>e id4 pp4 #ii1 #ajc sq41 #aji sq4 #aje ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #ajd sq4 ,aga91 ! s\ls ( dead nobles1 l gods1 _h ! p[] ( appe>+ 9 dreams & visions to _! relatives & o!rs to admoni% & w>n !m4 ,x 0 ?\ght1 = example1 t ,f9[ ! k+ 0 occasionally visit$ by a deceas$ son ( 82 ! gho/ did n appe>1 b ann\nc$ 8 pres5ce by :i/l+4 ,m>9] once he>d ?is :i/l+ :5 he 0 ) ! k+ & "s *iefs 9 a h\se at night2 x 0 d>k1 & ! s\nd appe>$ to come f ! l(t ( ! h\se4 ,9 ,m>9]'s op9ion ! s\nd 0 produc$ by "s trick ( ,f9['s1 b ! natives believ$ x to be ! voice ( a _s4#ajf ,once m1 :5 ,f9[ ! k+ 0 himself dead1 a noble lady :o m\rn$ 8 dea? & g5]ally slept on 8 grave1 communicat$ to 8 wid[ a dream :i* %e _h dream$ sev]al nights at ! gravey>d4 ,%e said t 9 h] dream ! late k+ appe>$ to h]1 &1 ) a c\nt5ance full ( sorr[1 ask$ :y !re yet rema9$ s _m evil-design+ p]sons 9 ! isl&s2 = he decl>$ t1 s9ce he _h be5 at ,bolotoo1 he _h be5 di/urb$ by ! plots ( wick$ m5 conspir+ aga9/ 8 son2 !re=e 0 he come to w>n h] ( ! dang]4 ,f9ally1 he bade h] set 9 ord] ! pebbles on 8 grave1 & pay e att5tion to 8 burial-gr\nd4 ,) t he vani%$4#ajg ,9 su* dreams ( ! reappe>ance ( ! rec5t dead we may discov] "o s\rce ( ! belief 9 ! survival ( ! s\l aft] dea?4 #ajf ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #aaj1 #acj sq4 #ajg ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 i4 #dbc sq4 ,b ! gods appe>$ to mank9d to w>n1 com=t1 & advise1 n only 9 _! own div9e =m b also 9 ! =m ( animals4 ,?us ! primitive gods1 accord+ to ,m>9]1 sometimes ent]$ into ! liv+ bodies ( liz>ds1 porpoises1 & a species ( wat] snake4 ,h5ce ^! creatures 7 mu* respect$4 ,! reason :y gods ent]$ into porpoises 0 to take c>e ( canoes4 ,?is p[] ( assum+ ! =m ( liv+ animals1 says ,m>9]1 belong$ only to ! orig9al gods1 & n to ! deifi$ s\ls ( *iefs4#ajh ,9 ?us d5y+ t ! spirits ( ! dead 7 suppos$ sometimes to revisit ! e>? 9 animal %apes ,m>9] 0 p]haps mi/ak51 = a diff]5t view on ! subject 0 app>5tly tak5 at a lat] "t by ,miss ,f>m]1 :o _h access to good s\rces ( in=mation4 ,%e writes z foll[s3 ,bulotu 7,bolotoo7 0 peopl$ ) ! spirits ( dep>t$ *iefs & great p]sons ( bo? sexes2 & x 0 to ^! *iefly t wor%ip 0 paid & t sacrifices 7 (f]$4 ,^! spirits 9 ,bulotu 7 suppos$ to act z int]cessors ) ! supreme gods1 :o 7 too highly exalt$ to be approa*$ by m5 except 9 ?is way4 ,! spirits 7 9 ! habit ( revisit+ e>?4 ,!y w\ld come 9 birds1 or 9 fi% z _! %r9es4 ,! tropic-bird1 k+-fi%]1 & sea-gull1 ! sea-eel1 %>k1 :ale1 & _m o!r animals 7 consid]$ sacr$1 because !y 7 fav\rite %r9es ( ^! _s-gods4 ,! hea!n nev] kill$ any ( ^! creatures2 & if1 9 sail+1 !y *anc$ to f9d !mselves 9 ! neighb\rhood ( a :ale1 !y w\ld (f] sc5t$ oil or kava to him4 ,to "s among ! natives ! cuttle-fi% & ! liz>d 7 gods2 :ile o!rs w\ld lay (f]+s at ! foot ( c]ta9 trees1 ) ! idea ( _! be+ inhabit$ by spirits4 ,a ra9b[ or a %oot+ /> w\ld also comm& wor%ip4#aji #ajh ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #ii1 #aca4 #aji ,s>ah ,s4 ,f>m]1 ,tonga & ! ,fri5dly ,isl&s1 pp4 #abf sq4 ,?is acc\nt seems to imply t ! spirits :i* took ! =m ( ^! animals1 birds1 & fi% 7 believ$ to be ! s\ls ( ! dead return+ f ! _s _w to revisit _! old homes on e>?4 ,b ev5 if we suppose t h]e9 ! writ] 0 mi/ak51 & t1 z ,m>9] affirm$1 only ! orig9al & sup]ior gods 7 deem$ capable ( inc>nation 9 animal %ape1 ! acc\nt is /ill valuable & int]e/+ because x calls att5tion to a side ( ,tongan religion on :i* our pr9cipal au?ority1 ,m>9]1 is almo/ sil5t4 ,t side comprises ! wor%ip ( natural objects1 & especially ( animals1 birds1 & fi%1 reg>d$ z embodim5ts ( spirits1 :e!r gods or gho/s4 ,?is wor%ip ( nature1 & p>ticul>ly ( animat$ nature1 0 highly develop$ among ! ,samoans2 x w\ld be natural1 !re=e1 to f9d ! same sy/em 9 vogue among _! neighb\rs & ne> k9sm5 ! ,tongans1 ?\gh our au?orities on ,tongan religion say little ab\t x4 ,! sy/em may ) "s appe>ance ( probability be reg>d$ z a relic ( a =m] practice ( totemism4#aaj #aaj ,see bel[1 pp4 #ahb sqq41 #bjj sqq4 ,9 rec5t ye>s a consid]able am\nt ( evid5ce be>+ on ! subject has be5 collect$ by ,mr4 ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot4 ,he di/+ui%es ! national ,tongan gods f ! gods ( tribes1 clans1 & small gr\ps ( alli$ h\seholds2 su* a gr\p ( h\seholds1 x appe>s1 =m$ ! ord9>y social unit4 ,inde$1 he tells u t !re 0 no?+ to prev5t a man f sett+ up a tutel>y deity ( 8 own1 if he 7 s dispos$2 he might adopt almo/ any object = ! religi\s rev]5ce ( 8 h\sehold & himself4 ,?us !re 0 a gradation 9 ! div9e hi]>*y f gods ( popul\s tribes d[n to deities ! private possession ( a v few4#aaa ,fur!r1 ,mr4 ,collocot f\nd t mo/ ( ! gods _h sacr$ animals or o!r natural objects associat$ ) !m1#aab & t ! wor%ipp]s 7 g5]ally =bidd5 to eat ! sacr$ animals ( _! gods4 ,he concludes t 9 ! p]iod ( :i* we h in=mation totemism has giv5 way to a m highly develop$ poly!ism1 b !re are indications t ! developm5t 0 by way ( totemism4#aac ,among ! facts :i* appe> to support ?is conclusion we may note ! foll[+4 #aaa ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 ,notes on ,tongan ,religion1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 xxx4 7#aiba7 pp4 #aed sq41 #aei4 #aab ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 op4 cit4 pp4 #afj1 #afa4 #aac ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aei sq4 ,!re 0 a great god call$ ,boolotoo ,katoa1 t is1 ! :ole ( ,boolotoo 7,bolotoo71 :o _h ! dog = 8 sacr$ animal2 :ile ! deity 0 be+ wor%ipp$1 a dog lay at ! side ( ! prie/4 ,?is god _h 8 pr9cipal %r9e at ,boha 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ,tongataboo3 ! di/rict 0 ( old ! c5tre ( gov]nm5t & ! resid5ce ( ! ,tooitonga4#aad ,ano!r god1 ^: "n 0 ! ,k+ ( ! tribe or clan ( ,fonua 7,tui-,haafakafonua71 _h = 8 sacr$ animal a liz>d1 & = ! conv5i5ce ( 8 dep>ture1 & presumably arrival1 a tree or po/ 0 always provid$ = him to crawl along4 ,a h&y po/ or tree-/ump 0 a regul> "p ( 8 temple furni%+s4#aae ,ano!r god1 ^: "n signifies ,pr\d ,boa/fulness ( ! ,season 7,m(uta-ae-ta'u71 _h = 8 sacr$ animal a great sea-eel1 :i* dwelt 9 an op5+ ( ! reef opposite ! village4 ,?is deity us$ to take x v ill if anybody appe>$ on ! bea* ne> 8 abode we>+ a turban or :it5$ ) lime2 & %\ld a man ra%ly disreg>d ! feel+s ( ! div9e eel 9 ^! respects1 x 0 believ$ t ! deity w\ld c>ry him (f to 8 hole 9 ! rock4#aaf ,ano!r god1 nam$ ,haele-feke1 us$ to manife/ himself 9 ! =m ( an octopus 7feke74 ,:5ev] an octopus appe>$ 9 a c]ta9 pool1 x 0 at once recognis$ z ! god1 & ! prie/ess imm$iately w5t & await$ him at ! %r9e1 :i* seems to h be5 a small rais$ plat=m4 ,?i!r ! p pres5tly resort$1 br++ bun*es ( coco-nuts & coco-nut leaves & e>?4 ,! prie/ess !reupon spoke z 9 ! p]son ( ! octopus1 & app>5tly imitat$ ! creature1 presumably by sprawl+ 9 ! unga9ly mann] ( an octopus4 ,! wor%ipp]s ( ?is deity ab/a9$ f eat+ ! fle% ( ! octopus1 & ev5 f approa*+ a place :]e o!r p 7 eat+ x4 ,if any ( !m transgress$ ! taboo1 he 0 afflict$ ) complete baldness4 ,%\ld any ( ! wor%ipp]s f9d a dead octopus1 !y buri$ x ) all due c]emony 9 ,teekiu1 _! pr9cipal village4#aag ,! rail bird 7kalae7 0 wor%ipp$ by "s p1 :o us$ to tie bun*es ( ! birds toge!r & c>ry !m ab\t ) !m :5 !y travell$2 & ! prie/ _h a bun* ( ! sacr$ birds tattoo$ z a badge on 8 ?roat4#aah ,! clan ,fa+a'a _h = its sacr$ animal ! mullet2 & x is said t "y mullets 7 taboo$ to ! m5 ( ! clan4#aai ,a family gr\p 9 ,haapai _h ! owl = _! sacr$ creature2 if an owl hoot$ ne> a h\se 9 ! aft]noon1 x 0 a sign t !re 0 a pregnant woman 9 ! h\sehold4#abj ,! god ( ,uiha 9 ,haapai 0 ! ,eel-9-!-,op5-,sea 7,toke-i-,moana72 z usual1 ! wor%ipp]s might n eat ! fle% ( eels or approa* a place :]e an eel 0 be+ cook$4#aba ,! clan ,falefa wor%ipp$ two goddesses1 ,jiji & ,fa+a'a1 ^: sacr$ creature 0 ! h]on4 ,jiji 0 suppos$ to be inc>nate 9 ! d>k-col\r$ h]on1 & ,fa+a'a 9 ! light-col\r$ h]on4 ,:5 a pair ( h]ons1 "o d>k & ! o!r light-col\r$1 7 se5 fly+ toge!r1 p said t x 0 ! two goddesses ,jiji & ,fa+a'a4#abb ,9 ! isl& ( ,t(ua !re 0 a clan call$ ! ,k+ ( ,t(ua 7,tui ,t(ua71 :i* _h ! %>k = its god2 memb]s ( ! clan might n eat ! fle% ( %>ks1 because !y believ$ !mselves to be relat$ to ! fi%2 !y said t long ago "s ( ! clansm5 leap$ f a canoe into ! sea & 7 turn$ into %>ks4#abc ,ano!r god :o appe>$ 9 ! =m ( a %>k 0 ,taufa ( ! ,sea 7,taufa-tahi72 b 9 ano!r aspect he 0 a god ( ! l& 7,taufa-uta7 & a notable protector ( g>d5s4 ,to secure 8 aid ! husb&man _h only to plait a coco-nut leaf 9 ! lik5ess ( a %>k & to hang x up 9 8 plantation2 a g>d5 ?us protect$ 0 "u a taboo :i* no "o w\ld d>e to violate4 ,a ,*ri/ian1 :o v5tur$ to ?ru/ 8 h& 9 mock]y into ! maw ( ! %am %>k1 _h bo? 8 arms aft]w>ds bitt5 (f by a real %>k4#abd ,o!r gods 7 recognis$ 9 ! %ape ( fly+-foxes1 %ell-fi%1 & little blue & gre5 liz>ds4#abe ,we he> ( two ,tongan gods :o _h black volcanic pebbles = _! sacr$ objects1#abf & ( "o ^: %r9e 0 ! tree call$ fehi1 ! h>d wood ( :i* 0 commonly us$ = mak+ spe>s & canoes4#abg ,! gods ( ,niua ,fo'ou1 "o ( ! mo/ di/ant isl&s ( ! ,tongan gr\p1 7 ?ree 9 numb]1 to wit1 ! octopus1 pig's liv]1 & a l>ge lump ( coral4 ,! wor%ipp]s ( ! two =m] deities might n eat ! div9e octopus & ! div9e pig's liv]4#abh ,*ri/ianity itself appe>s n to h :olly ext+ui%$ ! rev]5ce ( ! natives = ! sacr$ animals ( _! clans4 ,a mu*-respect$ native m9i/] ( ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur* in=m$ ,mr4 ,collocot t to ?is day he gets a heada*e if he eats ! sacr$ animal ( 8 clan1 ?\gh o!r p may p>take ( ! creature1 n only ) impunity1 b ) reli%4#abi #aad ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 op4 cit4 p4 #afb4 #aae ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 op4 cit4 p4 #bbg4 #aaf ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bbg sq4 #aag ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bca sq4 #aah ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 op4 cit4 pp4 #afa1 #bcc4 #aai ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 op4 cit4 p4 #bcd4 #abj ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 op4 cit4 p4 #bcd4 #aba ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bcd sq4 #abb ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 op4 cit4 p4 #bcb4 #abc ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bch sq4 #abd ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 op4 cit4 p4 #bbi4 #abe ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bcj1 #bca1 #bcc4 #abf ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bcj1 #bcc4 #abg ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 op4 cit4 p4 #bcb4 #abh ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 op4 cit4 p4 #bci4 #abi ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 op4 cit4 p4 #afj4 ,?us ! wor%ip ( natural objects1 & especially ( animals1 fi%1 & birds1 pres5ts a close analogy to ! ,samoan sy/em1 z we %all see pres5tly2#acj & x is n )\t significance t tradition po9ts to ,samoa z ! orig9al home f :i* ! ance/ors ( ! ,tongans migrat$ to _! pres5t abode4#aca ,on ! "q ( ! nature ( ! div9e be+s :o pres5t$ !mselves to _! wor%ipp]s 9 ! =m ( animals1 ! evid5ce collect$ by ,mr4 ,collocot seems to confirm ! /atem5t ( ,m>9]1 t only ! prim>y or non-human gods 7 believ$ capable ( ?us becom+ inc>nate2 at lea/ ,mr4 ,collocot gives no h9t t ! wor%ipful creatures 7 suppos$ to be t5ant$ by ! s\ls ( ! human dead2 9 o!r words1 !re is no?+ to %[ t ! ,tongan wor%ip ( animals 0 bas$ on a !ory ( transmigration4 #acj ,see bel[1 pp4 #aed sq4 #aca ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot1 op4 cit4 p4 #bci4 ,! /atem5t ( ,miss ,f>m]1 :i* ,i h quot$1 t among ! ,tongans ! s\ls ( ! dead 7 ! pr9cipal object ( wor%ip & receiv$ ! mo/ sacrifices1 is int]e/+ & n improbable1 ?\gh x is n confirm$ by ,m>9]4 ,x may inde$1 p]haps1 be laid d[n z a g5]al pr9ciple t ! wor%ip ( ! dead t5ds con/antly to encroa* on ! wor%ip ( ! high gods1 :o are pu%$ ev] f>!r into ! backgr\nd by ! adv5t ( _! y\ng] rivals4 ,x is natural en\gh t ?is %\ld be s4 ,! affection :i* we feel = virtue1 ! rev]5ce & awe inspir$ by great tal5ts & p[]ful *>act]s1 p]si/ long aft] ! objects ( our love & admiration h pass$ away f e>?1 & we n[ r5d] to _! memories ! homage :i* we paid1 or p]haps grudg$1 to ! m5 !mselves 9 _! lifetime4 ,= u !y seem /ill to exi/2 ) _! features1 _! *>act]i/ic turns ( ?\ght & spee* /ill fre% 9 our memories1 we c h>dly br+ ourselves to believe t !y h utt]ly ceas$ to be1 t no?+ ( !m rema9s b ! lifeless du/ :i* we h committ$ to ! e>?4 ,! he>t /ill cl+s fondly to ! hope1 if n to ! belief1 t some:]e beyond our k5 ! lov$ & lo/ ones are jo9$ to ! k9dr$ spirits :o h gone be=e 9 t unkn[n l&1 :]e1 9 due "t1 we %all meet !m aga94 ,& z ) affection1 s ) rev]5ce & fe>2 !y also are p[]ful inc5tives to ?is in/9ctive belief 9 ! cont9u$ exi/5ce ( ! dead4 ,! busy bra9 t explor$ ! heights & dep?s ( ?is my/]i\s univ]se--! gl[+ imag9ation t conjur$ up visions ( beauty born1 z we fondly ?9k1 = immortality--! aspir+ s\l & vault+ ambition t f\nd$ or ov]turn$ empires & %ook ! _w--are !y n[ no m ?an a few m\ld]+ bones or a h&ful ( a%es "u _! m>ble monum5ts8 ,! m9d ( mo/ m5 revolts f a conclusion s d]ogatory to :at !y deem ! dignity ( human nature2 & s to satisfy at once ! prompt+s ( ! imag9ation & ! impulse ( ! he>t1 m5 gradually elevate _! dead to ! rank ( sa9ts & h]oes1 :o 9 c\rse ( "t may easily pass by an almo/ ins5sible transition to ! supreme place ( deities4 ,x is ?us t1 almo/ z f> back z we c trace ! grop+s ( ! human m9d1 man has be5 p]petually creat+ gods 9 8 own lik5ess4 ,9 a pan!on ?us con/antly recruit$ by ! accession ( dead m51 ! recruits t5d to swamp ! old deities by %e] =ce ( numb]s2 = :]eas ! mu/]-roll ( ! orig9al gods is fix$ & un*angeable1 ! newcom]s =m a great ho/ :i* is n only innum]able b p]petually on ! increase1 = :o c reckon up ! tale ( ! dep>t$ or set b\nds to ! ravages ( dea?8 ,inde$1 :]e ! deification ( ! dead is c>ri$ to its logical limit1 a new god is born = e man t dies2 ?\gh 9 ,tonga aga9/ su* an extreme expansion ( ! spiritual hi]>*y1 & a con/ant ov]cr[d+ ( ,bolotoo1 a solid b>ri] 0 int]pos$ by ! ,tongan doctr9e :i* op5$ ! gates ( p>adise only to noblem54#acb #acb ,we h se5 7p4 #gj7 t accord+ to ,m>9] ! numb] ( ! orig9al gods 0 ab\t ?ree hundr$2 b z to ! deifi$ noblem5 he m]ely says t ( ^! !re mu/ be a va/ numb] 7,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #aji74 ,9 8 ,notes on ,tongan ,religion 7,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 xxx4 7#aiba7 p4 #aei7 ,mr4 ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot rem>ks3 ,! numb] ( ! gods1 moreov]1 0 liable to con/ant augm5tation by ! deification ( ! illu/ri\s or well-belov$ dead4 ,z a notable in/ance he cites ! case ( a c]ta9 *ief nam$ ,fakailoatonga1 a native ( ,vavau1 :o subdu$ or ov]ran a l>ge "p ( ,tongataboo4 ,he 0 a lep]1 b = a long "t did n "k ! true nature ( 8 malady4 ,:5 he le>n$ ! tru?1 he 9 disgu/ buri$ himself alive1 & aft] 8 dea? he 0 elevat$ to ! godhead4 ,b 9 ?is deification1 if ,m>9] is "r1 !re 0 no?+ exceptional2 z a *ief he became a god aft] dea? 9 ! c\rse ( nature4 ,sec4 #aj4 ,temples & ,tombs3 ,megali?ic ,monum5ts ,on ! :ole x seems reasonable to conclude t 9 ,tonga ! di/9ction betwe5 ! orig9al sup]human deities & ! new human gods t5d$ to be oblit]at$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! p4 ,m & m1 we may suppose1 ! deifi$ spirits ( dead m5 usurp$ ! functions & assimilat$ !mselves to ! "* ( ! anci5t div9ities4 ,yet betwe5 ^! two classes ( wor%ipful be+s ,m>9] draws an important di/9ction :i* we mu/ n ov]look4 ,he says t ^! new human gods1 ^! s\ls ( deifi$ nobles1 h no h\ses d$icat$ to !m1 b ! prop] places to invoke !m are _! graves1 :i* are consid]$ sacr$1 & are !re=e z mu* respect$ z consecrat$ h\ses4#acc ,if ?is di/9ction is well f\nd$1 ! consecrat$ h\se or temple1 z we may call x1 ( an orig9al god 0 q diff]5t f ! grave at :i* a new god1 t is1 a dead man or woman1 0 wor%ipp$4 ,b 9 spite ( ! high au?ority ( ,m>9] x seems d\btful :e!r ! di/9ction :i* he makes betwe5 ! temples ( ! old gods & ! tombs ( ! new ones 0 always recognis$ 9 practice1 & :e!r ! two 7 n apt to be conf\nd$ 9 ! m9ds ev5 ( ! natives4 ,! temples ( ! gods1 z we h se51 did n diff] 9 %ape & /ructure f ! h\ses ( m51 & simil> h\ses1 z we %all see1 7 also built on ! graves ( k+s & *iefs & ev5 ( common p4 ,:at 0 easi] ?an to confuse ! two classes ( _s-h\ses1 ! h\ses ( gods & ! h\ses ( dead k+s or *iefs1 especially :5 ! memory ( ^! pot5tates _h gr[n dim & _! human p]sonality _h be5 =gott58 ,c]ta9ly ,european obs]v]s h sometimes be5 9 d\bt z to :e!r places to :i* ! natives paid religi\s rev]5ce 7 temples or graves4 ,9 view ( ?is ambiguity ,i propose to exam9e "s ( ! descriptions :i* h be5 giv5 by eye-witnesses ( ! sacr$ /ructures & enclosure :i* might be int]pret$ ei!r z temples or tombs4 ,! "q has a d\ble int]e/ & importance1 fir/1 9 its be>+ on ! !ory1 enunciat$ by ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 t temples are commonly1 if n univ]sally1 d]iv$ f tombs1#acd & gods f dead m52 & secondly1 9 its be>+ on ! "q ( ! orig9 & mean+ ( megali?ic monum5ts2 = n a few ( ! tombs ( ,tongan k+s & sacr$ *iefs are con/ruct$ 9 "p ( v l>ge /ones4 #acc ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #aaj #acd ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 ,pr9ciples ( ,sociology1 vol4 i 7,london1 #aijd7 pp4 #bdi sqq4 ,i w beg9 ) ! evid5ce ( ,capta9 ,cook1 an excell5t obs]v] & fai?ful witness4 ,he paid two visits to ! ,tonga isl&s1 a %ort "o 9 #aggc1 & a long] "o ( betwe5 two & ?ree mon?s 9 #aggg4 ,speak+ ( 8 fir/ visit to ,tongataboo 9 #aggc1 he writes z foll[s3 ,aft] sitt+ "h "s "t1 & di/ribut+ "s pres5ts to ^? ab\t u1 we signifi$ our desire to see ! c\ntry4 ,! *ief imm$iately took ! h9t1 & conduct$ u along a lane t l$ to an op5 gre51 on ! "o side ( :i* 0 a h\se ( wor%ip built on a m\nt t _h be5 rais$ by ! h& ( man1 ab\t sixte5 or eighte5 feet above ! common level4 ,x _h an oblong figure1 & 0 inclos$ by a wall or p>apet ( /one1 ab\t ?ree feet 9 height4 ,f ?is wall ! m\nt rose ) a g5tle slope1 & 0 cov]$ ) a gre5 turf4 ,on ! top ( x /ood ! h\se1 :i* _h ! same figure z ! m\nt1 ab\t tw5ty feet 9 l5g?1 & f\rte5 or sixte5 broad4 ,z soon z we came be=e ! place1 e "o seat$ himself on ! gre51 ab\t fifty or sixty y>ds f ! front ( ! h\se4 ,pres5tly came ?ree eld]ly m52 :o seat$ !mselves betwe5 u & x1 & began a spee*1 :i* ,i und]/ood to be a pray]1 x be+ :olly direct$ to ! h\se4 ,?is la/$ ab\t t5 m9utes2 & !n ! prie/s1 = su* ,i took !m to be1 came & sat d[n along ) u1 :5 we made !m pres5ts ( su* ?+s z 7 ab\t u4 ,hav+ !n made signs to !m t we want$ to view ! premises1 my fri5d ,attago imm$iately got up1 & go+ ) u1 )\t %[+ ! lea/ backw>dness1 gave u full lib]ty to exam9e e "p ( x4 ,9 ! front 7 two /one /eps lead+ to ! top ( ! wall2 f ?is ! asc5t to ! h\se 0 easy1 r\nd :i* 0 a f9e gravel walk4 ,! h\se 0 built1 9 all respects1 l to _! common dwell+-h\ses2 t is1 ) po/s & raft]s2 & cov]$ ) palm ?at*4 ,! eaves came d[n )9 ab\t ?ree feet ( ! gr\nd1 :i* space 0 fill$ up ) /rong matt+ made ( palm leaves1 z a wall4 ,! floor ( ! h\se 0 laid ) f9e gravel2 except 9 ! middle1 :]e !re 0 an oblong squ>e ( blue pebbles1 rais$ ab\t six in*es high] ?an ! floor4 ,at "o corn] ( ! h\se /ood an image rudely c>v$ 9 wood1 & on "o side lay ano!r2 ea* ab\t two feet 9 l5g?4 ,i1 :o _h no int5tion to (f5d ei!r !m or _! gods1 did n s mu* z t\* !m1 b ask$ ,attago1 z well z ,i c\ld1 if !y 7 ,eatuas1 or gods4 ,:e!r he und]/ood me or no1 ,i _c say2 b he imm$iately turn$ !m ov] & ov]1 9 z r\gh a mann] z he w\ld h done any o!r log ( wood1 :i* conv9c$ me t !y 7 n !re z repres5tatives ( ! ,div9ity4 ,i 0 curi\s to "k if ! dead 7 int]r$ !re1 & ask$ ,attago sev]al que/ions relative !reto2 b ,i 0 n sure t he und]/ood me2 at lea/ ,i did n und]/& ! answ]s he made1 well en\gh to satisfy my inquiries4 ,= ! read] mu/ "k1 t at our fir/ com+ among ^! p1 we h>dly c\ld und]/& a ^w !y said4 ,ev5 my ,otaheitean y\?1 & ! man on bo>d ! ,adv5ture1 7 equally at a loss3 b m ( ?is by & by4 ,be=e we quitt$ ! h\se we ?\ght x necess>y to make an (f]+ at ! alt>4 ,accord+ly we laid d[n ^u ! blue pebbles1 "s m$als1 nails1 & sev]al o!r ?+s2 :i* we _h no soon] done ?an my fri5d ,attago took !m up1 & put !m 9 8 pocket4 ,! /ones ) :i* ! walls 7 made t inclos$ ?is m\nt1 7 "s ( !m n9e or t5 feet by f\r1 & ab\t six in*es ?ick4 ,x is difficult to conceive h[ !y c cut su* /ones out ( ! coral rocks4 ,?is m\nt /ood 9 a k9d ( grove op5 only on ! side :i* front$ ! high road1 & ! gre5 on :i* ! p 7 seat$4 ,at ?is gre5 or op5 place1 0 a junction ( five roads1 two or ?ree ( :i* appe>$ to be v public ones4 ,! groves 7 compos$ ( sev]al sorts ( trees4 ,among o!rs 0 ! ,etoa tree1 z x is call$ at ,otaheite1 ( :i* are made clubs1 etc41 & a k9d ( l[ palm1 :i* is v common 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,new ,holl&4 ,aft] we _h done exam9+ ?is place ( wor%ip1 :i* 9 _! language is call$ a-fiat-t\-ca1 we desir$ to return4#ace #ace ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 iii4 #ahb-ahd4 ,a little f>!r on1 /ill speak+ ( 8 fir/ visit to ,tonga1 ,capta9 ,cook obs]ves3 ,s little d we "k ( _! religion1 t ,i h>dly d>e m5tion x4 ,! build+s call$ afiat\cas1 be=e m5tion$1 are und\bt$ly set ap>t = ?is purpose4 ,"s ( our g5tlem5 7 ( op9ion1 t !y 7 m]ely bury+-places4 ,i c only say1 f my own k1 t !y are places to :i* p>ticul> p]sons direct$ set spee*es1 :i* ,i und]/ood to be pray]s1 z ha? be5 already relat$4 ,jo9+ my op9ion ) t ( o!rs1 ,i 0 incl9$ to ?9k t !y are set ap>t to be bo? temples & bury+-places1 z at ,otaheite1 or ev5 9 ,europe4 ,b ,i h no idea ( ! images be+ idols2 n only f :at ,i saw myself1 b f ,mr4 ,wales's in=m+ me t !y set "o ( !m up1 = him & o!rs to %oot at4#acf #acf ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 op4 cit4 iii4 #bjf4 ,?us ,capta9 ,cook & 8 p>ty 7 divid$ 9 op9ion z to :e!r ! h\se on ! m\nd1 )9 its wall$ enclosure built ( great /ones1 0 a temple or a tomb4 ,capta9 ,cook himself call$ x simply a h\se ( wor%ip & a place ( wor%ip1 b he incl9$ to ! view t x 0 bo? a temple & a bury+-place1 & 9 ?is op9ion he 0 probably "r4 ,! native "n :i* he appli$ to x1 afiat\ca1 means a burial-place2 = x is d\btless equival5t to fytoca1 a ^w :i* ,m>9] expla9s to mean a bury+-place1 includ+ ! grave1 ! m\nt 9 :i* x is sunk1 & a sort ( %$ ov] x4#acg ,moreov]1 ! oblong squ>e ( blue pebbles1 :i* ,capta9 ,cook obs]v$ on ! floor ( ! h\se on ! m\nd1 & :i* he reg>d$ z ! alt>1 speaks also 9 fav\r ( ! h\se be+ a tomb2 = ,m>9] has describ$ h[ ! m\rn]s br\ght :ite & black pebbles to ! h\se :i* /ood ov] ! grave ( ,k+ ,f9[1 & h[ !y /rew$ ! inside ( ! h\se ) ! :ite ones1 & also ! outside ab\t ! fytoca1 z a decoration to x3 ! black pebbles !y /rew$ only ^u ^? :ite ones1 :i* cov]$ ! gr\nd directly ov] ! body1 to ab\t ! l5g? & bread? ( a man1 9 ! =m ( a v ecc5tric ellipse4 ,aft] ?is1 ! h\se ov] ! fytoca1 cont9ues ,m>9]1 0 clos$ up at bo? ends ) a re$ f5c+1 rea*+ f ! eaves to ! gr\nd1 &1 at ! front & back1 ) a sort ( basket-"w1 made ( ! "y bran*es ( ! cocoa-nut tree1 split & int]wov5 9 a v curi\s & ornam5tal way1 to rema9 till ! next burial1 :5 !y are to be tak5 d[n1 &1 aft] ! conclusion ( ! c]emony1 new ones are to be put up 9 l mann]4#ach ,?is description ( ! h\se ov] ,k+ ,f9['s grave agrees s closely ) ,capta9 ,cook's description ( ! h\se 9 ! afiat\ca1 t we may ) mu* probability reg>d ! latt] z a tomb1 & suppose t ! oblong squ>e ( blue pebbles1 :i* ,cook reg>d$ z an alt> & on :i* he laid d[n 8 (f]+1 m>k$ ! place ( ! body 9 ! grave3 x 0 at once an alt> & a tomb/one4 #acg ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #add1 note 994 ,h[ev]1 9 ano!r passage 7i4 #cib1 note 997 ,m>9] tells u t1 /rictly speak+1 ! ^w fytoca appli$ only to ! m\nd ) ! grave 9 x1 & n to ! h\se ^u ! m\nd2 = !re 7 sev]al fytocas t _h no h\ses on !m4 ,= o!r m5tions ( fytocas & notices ( !m by ,m>9]1 see op4 cit4 i4 pp4 #chf1 note 991 #chg1 #chh1 #cib1 #cic1 #cid1 #cie1 #djb1 ii4 #bad-bah4 #ach ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #djb4 ,a little f>!r on 7p4 #dbd1 note 997 ,m>9] rem>ks t m\rn]s 7 accu/om$ to smoo? ! graves ( _! dep>t$ fri5ds1 & cov] !m ) black & :ite pebbles4 ,on 8 second & m prolong$ visit to ! ,tonga isl&s1 ,capta9 ,cook express$1 ) m confid5ce1 8 op9ion t ! fiatookas1 z he calls !m1 7 at once burial-gr\nds & places ( wor%ip4 ,?us he says3 ,_! morais or fiatookas 7= !y are call$ by bo? names1 b mo/ly by ! latt]71 are1 z at ,otaheite1 & _m o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 bury+-gr\nds & places ( wor%ip2 ?\gh "s ( !m seem$ to be only appropriat$ to ! fir/ purpose2 b ^! 7 small1 &1 9 e o!r respect1 inf]ior to ! o!rs4#aci ,aga91 9 ano!r passage he describes "o ( ! m /ately ( ^! temple-tombs4 ,he says3 ,"s ( u1 accompani$ by a few ( ! k+'s att5dants1 & ,omai z our int]pret]1 walk$ out to take a view ( a fiatooka1 or bury+-place1 :i* we _h obs]v$ to be almo/ close by ! h\se1 & 0 mu* m ext5sive1 & seem+ly ( m consequ5ce1 ?an any we _h se5 at ! o!r isl&s4 ,we 7 told1 t x belong$ to ! k+4 ,x consi/$ ( ?ree pretty l>ge h\ses1 situat$ ^u a ris+ gr\nd1 or r j by ! br9k ( x1 ) a small "o1 at "s di/ance1 all rang$ longitud9ally4 ,! middle h\se ( ! ?ree fir/1 0 by mu* ! l>ge/1 & plac$ 9 a squ>e1 tw5ty-f\r paces by tw5ty-eight1 rais$ ab\t ?ree feet4 ,! o!r h\ses 7 plac$ on little m\nts1 rais$ artificially to ! same height4 ,! floors ( ^! h\ses1 z also ! tops ( ! m\nts r\nd !m1 7 cov]$ ) loose1 f9e pebbles1 & ! :ole 0 inclos$ by l>ge flat /ones ( h>d coral rock1 prop]ly hewn1 plac$ on _! edges2 "o ( :i* /ones measur$ twelve feet 9 l5g?1 two 9 bread?1 & above "o 9 ?ickness4 ,"o ( ! h\ses1 contr>y to :at we _h se5 be=e1 0 op5 on "o side2 & )9 x 7 two rude1 wood5 bu/s ( m52 "o ne> ! entrance1 & ! o!r f>!r 94 ,on inquir+ ( ! natives1 :o _h foll[$ u to ! gr\nd1 b dur/ n ent] "h1 ,:at ^! images 7 int5d$ =8 !y made u z s5sible z we c\ld wi%1 t !y 7 m]ely memorials ( "s *iefs :o _h be5 buri$ !re1 & n ! repres5tations ( any deity4 ,su* monum5ts1 x %\ld seem1 are seldom rais$2 = ^! _h probably be5 erect$ sev]al ages ago4 ,we 7 told1 t ! dead _h be5 buri$ 9 ea* ( ^! h\ses2 b no m>ks ( ?is appe>$4 ,9 "o ( !m1 0 ! c>v$ head ( an ,otaheite canoe1 :i* _h be5 driv5 a%ore on _! coa/1 & deposit$ "h4 ,at ! foot ( ! ris+ gr\nd 0 a l>ge area1 or grass-plot1 ) diff]5t trees plant$ ab\t x2 among/ :i* 7 sev]al ( ^? call$ etoa1 v l>ge4 ,^!1 z !y resemble ! cypresses1 _h a f9e effect 9 su* a place4 ,!re 0 also a r[ ( l[ palms ne> "o ( ! h\ses1 & beh9d x a dit*1 9 :i* lay a great numb] ( old baskets4#adj #aci ,capta9 ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #dbd4 #adj ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #cdb sq4 ,betwe5 ! dep>ture ( ,cook & ! arrival ( ,m>9] ! fir/ ,prote/ant mission>ies 7 =tunate en\gh to witness ! burial ( a k+ ( ,tonga1 by "n ,moomooe4 ,_! description ( x & ( ! royal tomb entirely be>s out ! obs]vations & conclusions ( ,capta9 ,cook4 ,! fiatooka or burial-gr\nd1 !y tell u1 is situat$ on a spot ( gr\nd ab\t f\r acres4 ,a m\nt rises ) a g5tle slope ab\t sev5 feet1 & is ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty y>ds 9 circumf]5ce at ! base2 ^u ! top /&s a h\se neatly made1 :i* is ab\t ?irty feet long1 & half t 9 wid?4 ,! ro( is ?at*$1 & ! sides & ends left op54 ,9 ! middle ( ?is h\se is ! grave1 ! sides1 ends1 & bottom ( :i* are ( coral /one1 ) a cov] ( ! same3 ! floor ( ! h\se is ( small /ones4 ,! etoa & o!r trees gr[ r\nd ! fiatooka4#ada ,into ?is grave1 or r /one vault1 ! mission>ies saw ! k+'s body l[]$4 ,! /one :i* cov]$ ! vault 0 eight feet long1 f\r feet broad1 & "o foot ?ick4 ,?is massive /one 0 fir/ rais$ & held 9 susp5se by means ( two great ropes1 ! ends ( :i* 7 w\nd r\nd two /rong piles driv5 into ! gr\nd at ! end ( ! h\se4 ,! ropes 7 held by ab\t two hundr$ m51 :o1 :5 ! k+'s body _h be5 deposit$ 9 ! grave1 sl[ly l[]$ ! great /one & cov]$ ! vault4#adb ,"s ye>s lat] ,m>9] witness$ ! fun]al ( ano!r k+ ( ,tonga1 ,f9[ ! ,fir/2 & he simil>ly describes h[ ! tomb 0 a l>ge /one vault1 sunk ab\t t5 feet deep 9 ! gr\nd1 ! cov]+ /one ( :i* 0 hoi/$ by ! ma9 /r5g? ( a hundr$ & fifty or two hundr$ m5 pull+ at ! two ends ( a rope2 :5 ! bodies ( ! k+ & 8 daught] _h be5 laid side by side 9 ! vault ! massive /one 0 l[]$ by ! m5 ) a great %\t4#adc ,! numb] ( ! m5 requir$ to raise & l[] ^! great /ones gives u "s idea ( _! weight4 #ada ,capta9 ,james ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 pp4 #bdj sq4 #adb ,capta9 ,james ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #bdd4 #adc ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #chg sq4 ,?us f> we h be5 deal+ only ) ! tombs ( ! civil k+s ( ,tonga4 ,b f> m /ately & massive are ! tombs ( ! sacr$ k+s or pontiffs1 ! ,tooitongas1 :i* /ill exi/ & /ill excite ! curiosity & admiration ( ,european obs]v]s4 ,! ,tongan "n = ^! tombs is langi1 :i* prop]ly means sky1 also a b& ( s+]s2 b !re appe>s to be no connexion betwe5 ^! diff]5t mean+s ( ! ^w4#add ,! tombs are situat$ 9 ,tongataboo1 n f> f ,mooa1 ! old capital ( ! isl&4 ,!y /& ne> ! s\?-ea/]n %ore ( ! lagoon1 :i*1 "u ! "n ( ! ,mooa ,inlet1 p5etrates deeply into ! nor!rn side ( ,tongataboo4 ,beg9n+ at ! nor!rn outskirts ( ! village ( ,labaha1 !y /ret* inl& = m ?an half a mile into ! =e/4#ade ,!y are ( v>i\s con/ructions & %apes4 ,"s consi/ ( a squ>e enclosure1 on ! level ( ! gr\nd1 ! b\nd>y walls be+ =m$ ( l>ge /ones2 :ile at ea* corn] ( ! squ>e two high /ones1 ris+ above ! wall1 are plac$ upright at "r angles to ea* o!r & 9 a l9e ) _! respective sides4#adf ,b app>5tly ! m usual & *>act]i/ic type ( tomb has ! =m ( a truncat$ pyramid or oblong plat=m rais$ 9 a s]ies ( /eps or t]races1 :i* are built ( massive blocks ( coral4 ,! numb] ( /eps or t]races seems to v>y f "o to f\r accord+ to ! height ( ! monum5t4#adg ,x is mu* to be regrett$ t no "o has yet c\nt$ & mapp$ out ^! tombs & record$ ! names ( _! royal or div9e occupants1 s f> z !y are rememb]$2 b a trace ( ! religi\s awe :i* once inve/$ ?is hall[$ gr\nd /ill avails to keep x inviolate4 ,a proposal :i* ,sir ,basil ,?omson made to cle> away ! =e/ & pres]ve ! tombs 0 v coldly receiv$2 9 ! eyes ( ! natives1 pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians z !y are1 x probably sav\r$ ( sacrilege4 ,! anci5t cu/om 0 to cle> ! gr\nd ab\t e new tomb1 & aft] ! int]m5t to suff] ! tropical und]gr[? to swall[ x up = ev]4 ,n[adays no holy pontiffs are borne to _! la/ re/+-place 9 ^! hall[$ %ades2 s ! =e/ is nev] cle>$1 & nature is left free to run wild4 ,9 consequ5ce ! tombs are s ov]gr[n & ov]%ad[$ t x is difficult to photograph !m 9 ! gloomy & tangl$ ?icket4 ,great ifi trees#adh ov]hang !m3 banyan-trees h spr\t$ on ! t]races & ?ru/ _! roots into e crevice1 mantl+ ! /ones ) a lacework ( t5drils1 :i* ye> by ye> r5d huge blocks asund]1 until ! orig9al =m ( ! t]race is almo/ oblit]at$4 ,sir ,basil ,?omson foll[$ ! *a9 ( tombs = ab\t half a mile1 b on ea* occasion 8 guides told him t !re 7 o!r small] tombs f>!r inl&4 ,! tombs increase 9 size & 9 importance z !y ne> ! %ore ( ! lagoon1 & to sev5 or eight ( ! l>g] ones ! names ( ! occupants c be assign$2 b ! names ( ! sacr$ *iefs :o sleep 9 ! small] tombs inl& are q =gott54 ,"s ( !m are m]e enclosures ( /ones1 n squ>$1 b tak5 haphaz>d f ! reef4#adi #add ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #bac sq4 #ade 7,sir7 ,basil ,?omson1 ,notes ^u ! ,antiquities ( ,tonga1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxii4 7#aijb7 p4 #hf4 #adf ,capta9 ,james ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 pp4 #bhc sq4 #adg ,! tomb describ$ & illu/rat$ by ! fir/ mission>ies _h f\r massive & l(ty /eps1 ea* ( !m five & a half feet broad & f\r feet or ?ree feet n9e in*es high4 ,see ,capta9 ,james ,wilson1 l4c41 ) ! plate fac+ p4 #bhd4 ,"o su* tomb1 ris+ 9 f\r ti]s1 is ascrib$ traditionally to a female ,tooitonga1 ^: "n has be5 =gott54 ,see 7,sir7 ,basil ,?omson1 ,notes ^u ! ,antiquities ( ,tonga1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxii4 7#aijb7 p4 #hh n4#b4 #adh ,! ,tahitian *e/nut 7,inoc>pus edulis72 see above1 p4 #gd1 note#b4 #adi 7,sir7 ,basil ,?omson1 ,div]sions ( a ,prime ,m9i/] 7,ed9burgh & ,london1 #ahid71 pp4 #cgi sq42 id4 ,notes ^u ! ,antiquities ( ,tonga1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxii4 7#aijb7 p4 #hf4 ,accord+ to an e>li] au?ority1 ! ,tongans c\ld "n & po9t out ! tombs ( no less ?an ?irty ,tooitongas4 ,see ! lett] ( ,mr4 ,philip ,h]vey1 quot$ 9 ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,london1 ,second ,s]ies1 vol4 ii4 p4 #gg4 ,! tombs 7 built 9 ! lifetime ( ! sacr$ *iefs :o 7 to lie 9 !m1 & _! size accord+ly af=ds a c]ta9 measure ( ! p[] & influ5ce ( ! great m5 int]r$ 9 !m4 ,among ! l>ge/ is ! tomb :i* goes by ! "n ( ,telea1 ?\gh x is said to conta9 no body1 ,telea himself be+ buri$ 9 ! tomb next to x4 ,we are told t1 dissatisfi$ ) ! fir/ sepul*re t 0 built = him1 he replac$ x by ! o!r1 :i* is also ( great size4 ,! mo/ mod]n ( ! tombs is t ( ,laufilitonga1 ! la/ to be> ! title ( ,tooitonga4 ,he di$ a ,*ri/ian ab\t #ahdj & 0 buri$ 9 ! tomb ( v inf]ior size :i* cr[ns ! village cemet]y4 ,! mo/ anci5t _c be dat$2 b t "s are old] ?an ,a4,d4 #aece may be inf]r$ f ! tradition t ,takalaua1 a ,tooitonga1 0 assass9at$ ab\t t "t because he 0 a tyrant :o compell$ 8 p to drag great /ones f ,liku1 at ! back ( ! isl&1 to ! burial gr\nd at ,mooa2 ! di/ance is ab\t a mile & a half4#aej #aej 7,sir7 ,basil ,?omson1 ,notes ^u ! ,antiquities ( ,tonga1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxii4 7#aijb7 pp4 #hf sq41 #hh n4#b4 ,z to ! leg5d ( ! tyrant ,takalaua1 see id4 ,div]sions ( a ,prime ,m9i/]1 pp4 #bid-cjb4 ,! fir/1 s f> z ,i "k1 to see & describe ^! rem>kable tombs 7 ! e>lie/ mission>ies to ,tonga ab\t ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,speak+ ( ! burial gr\nd at ,mooa1 :]e lay int]r$ ! div9e *iefs ^: title 0 ,tooitonga & ^: family "n 0 ,futtafaihe or ,fatafehi1 ! mission>ies obs]ve t ! fiatookas are rem>kable4 ,!re lie ! ,futtafaihes = _m g5]ations1 "s va/ & ru9\s1 :i* is ! case ) ! l>ge/2 ! h\se on ! top ( x is fall51 & ! area & tomb itself ov]gr[n ) wood & we$s4#aea ,lat] on !y _h ! advantage ( be+ conduct$ ov] ! augu/ cemet]y by ! ,futtafaihe or ,tooitonga ( ! day 9 p]son1 :o gave !m "s explanations conc]n+ ^! sepul*res ( 8 ance/ors4 ,to quote _! description1 !y say t ! tombs lie rang$ 9 a l9e ea/w>d f 8 h\se1 among a grove ( trees1 & are _m 9 numb]1 & ( diff]5t con/ructions3 "s1 9 a squ>e =m1 7 n 9 ! lea/ rais$ above ! level ( ! common gr\nd2 a r[ ( l>ge /ones =m$ ! sides1 & at ea* corn] two high /ones 7 plac$ upright at "r angles to ea* o!r1 & 9 a l9e ) _! respective sides3 o!rs 7 su* z ! bre?r5 describe t ( ,moomooe to be3 & a ?ird sort 7 built squ>e l ! fir/2 ! l>ge/ ( :i* 0 at ! base "o hundr$ & fifty-six feet by "o hundr$ & =ty2 x _h f\r /eps f ! bottom to ! top1 t run q r\nd ! pile3 "o /one compos$ ! height ( ea* /ep1 a "p ( x be+ sunk 9 ! gr\nd2 & "s ( ^! /ones 9 ! wall ( ! l[] are imm5sely l>ge2 "o1 :i* ,i measur$1 0 tw5ty-f\r feet by twelve1 & two feet ?ick2 ^! ,futtafaihe in=m$ me 7 br\ght 9 d\ble canoes f ! isl& ( ,lefooga4 ,!y are coral /one1 & are hewn into a tol]ably good %ape1 bo? ) respect to ! /raightness ( _! sides & flatness ( _! surfaces4 ,!y are n[ s h>d5$ by ! wea!r1 t ! great difficulty we _h 9 break+ a specim5 ( "o corn] made x n easy to conjecture h[ ! lab\r ( hew+ !m at fir/ _h be5 effect$2 z1 by ! m>ks ( antiquity :i* "s ( !m be>1 !y mu/ h be5 built long be=e ,tasman %[$ ! natives an iron tool4 ,besides ! trees :i* gr[ on ! top & sides ( mo/ ( !m1 !re are ! etooa1 & a v>iety ( o!r trees ab\t !m2 & ^!1 toge!r ) ! ?\s&s ( bats :i* hang on _! bran*es1 all contribute to ! awful solemnity ( ^? sepul*ral mansions ( ! anci5t *iefs4 ,on our way back ,futtafaihe told u t all ! fiatookas we _h se5 7 built by 8 ance/ors1 :o also lay int]r$ 9 !m2 & z !re appe>$ no reason to d\bt ! tru? ( ?is1 x proves t a supreme p[] 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! isl& mu/ = _m g5]ations h be5 9 ! family ( ! ,futtafaihes3 = ?\gh !re 7 _m fiatookas 9 ! isl&1 ! bre?r51 :o _h se5 mo/ ( !m1 said !y 7 n to be comp>$ to ^! = magnitude1 ei!r 9 ! pile or ! /ones :i* compose !m4#aeb #aea ,capta9 ,james ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 p4 #beb4 ,z to ,futtafaihe1 ! ,tooitonga or div9e *ief ( _! "t1 ! mission>ies rem>k 7l4c47 t ,futtafaihe is v sup]/iti\s1 & himself e/eem$ z an odooa or god4 ,"h odooa is ! ,polynesian ^w :i* is usually spell$ atua4 ,m>9] tells u 7,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #gf7 t ! family "n ( ! ,tooitonga 0 ,fatafehi1 :i* seems to be only ano!r way ( spell+ ,futtafaihe1 ! =m adopt$ by ! mission>ies4 ,capta9 ,cook simil>ly gives ,futtafaihe z ! family "n ( ! sacr$ k+s or ,tooitongas1 d]iv+ ! "n f ! ,god s call$1 :o is probably _! tutel>y patron1 & p]haps _! common ance/or4 ,see ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #dbe4 #aeb ,capta9 ,james ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 pp4 #bhc-bhe4 ,! description is accompani$ by an engrav$ plate1 :i* illu/rates ! ?ree types ( tombs m5tion$ 9 ! text4 ,9 ! =egr\nd is ! /epp$ pyramid1 a massive & l(ty /ructure1 its flat top surm\nt$ by a hut4 ,to ! "r1 9 ! di/ance1 is se5 ! squ>e wall$ enclosure1 ) high /ones /&+ upright at ! corn]s ( ! walls1 & ) a hut enclos$ 9 ! middle ( ! squ>e4 ,9 ! backgr\nd appe>s a m\nd enclos$ by a wall & surm\nt$ by a hut4 ,?us a hut figures z an ess5tial "p 9 ea* type ( tomb4 ,h[ev]1 ,m>9] tells u t !y h sev]al fytocas :i* h no h\ses on !m 7,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #cib note 9974 ,top4 #c ft4 #i 94 #e-a_/b feet4 #c ft4 #i 94 #e-a_/b feet4 #c ft4 #i 94 #e-a_/b feet4 ,,pr(ile ,,( ,,! ,,/eps4 #d feet4 ,"s ?irty ye>s lat] ! tombs ( ! ,tooitongas 7 visit$ & describ$ by ! ,fr5* explor]1 ,j4 ,dumont d',urville4 ,8 description is wor? quot+4 ,he says3 ,i direct$ my /eps to ! spl5did fai-tokas ( ! ,fata-,fais4 ,z ^! monum5ts are ess5tially taboo1 9 ! abs5ce ( ! ,tooi-tonga no "o looks aft] _! upkeep1 & !y are n[ buri$ on e side among d>k masses ( trees & almo/ imp5etrable ?ickets4 ,h5ce we _h "s difficulty 9 approa*+ !m1 & x 0 impossible = u to get a s+le g5]al view ( ! :ole ( ^! /ructures1 :i* mu/ h a some:at solemn effect :5 ! gr\nd is prop]ly cle>$4 ,= ! mo/ "p ^! mausoleums h ! =m ( great rectangul> spaces surr\nd$ by enorm\s blocks ( /one1 ( :i* "s are z mu* z f fifte5 to tw5ty feet long by six or eight broad & two feet ?ick4 ,! mo/ sumptu\s ( ^! monum5ts h f\r or five r[s ( /eps1 mak+ up a total height ( eighte5 or tw5ty feet4 ,! int]ior is fill$ up ) %+le & fragm5ts ( unhewn coral4 ,"o ( ^! fai-tokas1 :i* ,i measur$1 0 a hundr$ & eighty feet long by a hundr$ & tw5ty broad4 ,at "o ( ! upp] angles ,i obs]v$ a block ( consid]able size ) a deep cutt+ 9 x4 ,i 0 told t x 0 ! seat ( ! ,tooi-tonga-faf9e#aec2 x 0 !re t %e sat to preside at ! c]emony ( ! fun]al ( ! ,tooi-tonga4 #aec ,! ,tooi-tonga-faf9e 7or fef9e7 0 ! ,tooitonga's si/] & rank$ above him4 ,h] title means ! lady ,tooi-tonga4 ,h] dignity is v great4 ,%e is treat$ z a k9d ( div9ity4 ,h] rank is too high to all[ ( h] unit+ h]self 9 m>riage ) any mortal3 b x is n ?\ght wrong or degrad+ = h] to h a family1 & 9 case ( ! bir? ( a daught] ! *ild becomes ! ,tamaha4 ,?is lady rises high] ?an h] "m 9 rank1 & is ne>] ! gods4 ,e "o approa*es h] ) gifts & homage4 ,h] gr&fa!r w br+ 8 (f]+s & sit d[n be=e h]1 ) all humility1 l any ( ! common p4 ,sick p come to h] = cure 7,miss ,s>ah ,s4 ,f>m]1 ,tonga & ! ,fri5dly ,isl&s1 p4 #ade1 app>5tly f ! in=mation ( ,mr4 ,john ,?omas74 ,capta9 ,cook le>n$ ) surprise t ,p\laho1 ! ,tooitonga ( 8 "t 7:om ,cook speaks ( z ! k+7 ackn[l$g$ ?ree wom5 z 8 sup]iors4 ,on our inquir+1 :o ^! extraord9>y p]sonages 71 :om !y di/+ui% by ! "n & title ( ,tammaha1 we 7 told t ! late k+1 ,p\laho's fa!r1 _h a si/] ( equal rank1 & eld] ?an himself2 t %e1 by a man :o came f ! isl& ( ,feejee1 _h a son & two daught]s2 & t ^! ?ree p]sons1 z well z _! "m1 rank above ,futtafaihe ! k+4 ,we endeav\r$1 9 va91 to trace ! reason ( ?is s+ul> pre-em95ce ( ! ,tammahas2 = we c\ld le>n no?+ besides ?is acc\nt ( _! p$igree4 ,! "m & "o ( ! daught]s call$ ,tooeela-,kaipa1 live at ,vavaoo4 ,latoolibooloo1 ! son1 & ! o!r daught]1 ^: "n is ,m\ng\la-,kaipa1 reside at ,tongataboo4 ,! latt] is ! woman :o is m5tion$ to h d9$ ) me on ! #ba/ ( ,june4 ,?is gave occasion to our discov]+ h] sup]iority ov] ! k+1 :o w\ld n eat 9 h] pres5ce1 ?\gh %e made no scruple to d s be=e him1 & receiv$ f him ! cu/om>y obeisance1 by t\*+ h] foot4 ,see ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #dcj sq4 ,"s ( ^! edifices 7 ( an oval =m1 b !y 7 mu* small]4 ,ea* ( !m 0 surm\nt$ by a small hut1 :i* s]v$ z an oratory or h\se = ! _s ( ! dead2 mo/ ( !m h be5 de/roy$ by ! lapse ( "t1 & only traces ( !m are left scatt]$ on ! gr\nd4 ,! enorm\s blocks ( coral employ$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ^! monum5ts h all be5 br\ght by sea f ,hifo to ,mooa4 ,!y 7 got on ! %ore ( ! sea at ,hifo1 7 hewn on ! spot1 & 7 transport$ 9 great canoes2 !n !y 7 l&$ at ,mooa & drawn on roll]s to ! place ( _! de/9ation4 ,^! monum5ts are a/oni%+ evid5ce ( ! pati5ce :i* !y mu/ h dem&$ on ! "p ( ^! isl&]s2 !y 7 ocul> te/imony to me ( ! high degree ( civilisation :i* ! natives _h rea*$4 ,man mu/ h ris5 to ideas ( a mu* high] ord] ?an ^? ( a simple savage be=e he w\ld take s great pa9s = ! s+le object ( consecrat+ ! memory ( 8 *iefs4 ,su* tombs are no long] built 9 ,tongataboo3 p cont5t !mselves ) simple m\nds surr\nd$ by a r[ ( po/s or ev5 an ord9>y palisade4 ,h[ev]1 ,s+leton assur$ me t ,f9[ ! ,y\ng] _h erect$ two great fai-tokas ( /one 9 ,vavao1 "o = ! la/ ,tooitonga1 & "o = 8 fa!r4#aed #aed ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 ,voyage de l',a/rolabe1 ,hi/oire du ,voyage1 iv4 7,p>is1 #ahcb7 pp4 #ajf-ajh4 ,s+leton 0 an ,engli%man1 "o ( ! crew ( ! ,port-au-,pr9ce1 ! %ip 9 :i* ,m>9] sail$4 ,:5 ,dumont d',urville visit$ ,tonga1 ,s+leton _h liv$ z a native among ! natives = tw5ty-?ree ye>s2 he 0 m>ri$ & _h *ildr51 & he hop$ to end 8 days 9 ,tongataboo4 ,see ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 op4 cit4 iv4 #bc sq4 ,! ,fr5*man1 ,de ,sa9son1 :o accompani$ ,dumont d',urville on 8 visit to ,tongataboo1 has also describ$ ! tombs ( ! ,tooitongas at ,mooa f p]sonal obs]vation4 ,i w quote 8 description3 ,x is 9 ! he>t ( ! =e/ t ! anci5t inhabitants ( ^! c\ntries1 :o idoliz$ _! ,k+s 7,tooi-tongas71 plac$ ! tombs ( t sacr$ race4 ,^! monum5ts ( a m ent]pris+ age /ill a/oni% ! behold] by _! mass & _! ext5t4 ,! fai-tokas1 z ^! burial-places are call$1 are artificial em95ces1 on ! top ( :i*1 9 ! =m ( a squ>e1 are ?ree or f\r crosses ( great granitic blocks arrang$ z /eps1 ( :i* ea* block may be f\r or five feet high4 ,if !re is only a s+le /ep on ! top ( ! m\nd1 x is because only a s+le ,tooi-tonga sleeps !re 9 ! grave2 if ! bones ( a :ole family are deposit$ 9 a common tomb1 ?ree or f\r /eps1 "o above ! o!r1 m>k _! union 9 dea?4 ,"s ( ^! monum5ts :i* conta9 only a s+le body are arrang$ 9 an oval4 ,i c\nt$ m ?an twelve ( ^! imm5se /ructures1 & yet we left a great _m aside4 ,i c\nt$ m ?an "o /one betwe5 eight & fifte5 feet long2 & ,i conceiv$ a high idea ( ^? m5 ( anci5t days :o erect$ ov] ! rema9s ( _! k+s ^! imp]i%able mausoleums1 9 an isl& bas$ on coral1 :]e x w\ld be difficult to f9d a /one ( two feet squ>e4 ,i imag9$ !m to be v diff]5t f _! effem9ate desc5dants1 ^? m5 ( old :o w5t 9 _! canoes m ?an a hundr$ & fifty leagues to look = ! enorm\s blocks ( :i* ^! tombs are built1 :o cut !m )\t ! help ( iron1 & succe$$1 by means unkn[n1 9 plant+ !m on ^! hillocks1 :]e by _! own weight !y are fix$ = ev]1 l ! ,druidical monum5ts ( ,brittany1 :i* "o w\ld say 7 dropp$ on e>? r by ! magic ( talismans ?an by ! p[] ( man4 ,! pres5t inhabitants ( ,tonga contemplate ) a pi\s awe ! fruit ( ! lab\rs & pati5ce ( _! =efa!rs1 )\t dream+ = a mom5t ( imitat+ !m 9 _! noble ent]prises4 ,a di/ant voyage affrights ^! deg5]ate scions ( a h>dy race1 & ! great canoes :i* /ill survive1 %elt]$ "u %$s v skilfully built1 are little m ?an ! useless encumbrance ( *iefs gr[n languid 9 ! long peace :i* has infect$ ! :ole p ) habits ( indol5ce4 ,! mo/ rec5t tombs consi/ ( a small h\se enclos$ on all sides1 built on a ris+ gr\nd1 & %ad$ by a circle ( mimosas1 a tree sacr$ to ! dead4 ,mo/ ( ! illu/ri\s graves are clu/]$ toge!r at ,mafanga1 a l>ge village ( :i* ! :ole t]ritory is sacr$ on acc\nt ( ! hall[$ relics :i* x conta9s4 ,along ) ! corpse !y bury at ! dep? ( a few in*es small wood5 effigies repres5t+ p]sons ( bo? sexes4 ,i _h occasion to une>? a few ( ^! little /atues1 & ,i rem>k$ 9 !m an a/oni%+ feel+ = arti/ic design4#aee #aee ,extrait du ,j\rnal de ,m4 de ,sa9son1 9 ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 ,voyage de l',a/rolabe1 ,hi/oire du ,voyage1 iv4 7,p>is1 #ahcb7 pp4 #cfa sq4 ,"s sixte5 ye>s lat] a ,ca?olic mission>y1 liv+ among ! hea!n population ( ,tongataboo1 wrote ?us3 ,no?+ equals ! c>e :i* !y take 9 ! burial ( _! dead4 ,z soon z a native has brea!d 8 la/1 ! neighb\rs are in=m$1 & imm$iately all ! wom5 come to weep ab\t ! corpse4 ,"h ! m5 nev] weep4 ,! body is kept ?us = a day or two1 dur+ :i* !y are busy build+ a tomb ne> ! dwell+ ( ! deceas$'s family4 ,! sepul*ral h\se is neat1 built on an em95ce1 surr\nd$ by a pretty f5ce ( *oice bamboos2 ! enclosure is plant$ ) all k9ds ( odorif]\s %rubs1 especially ev]gre5s4 ,f9ally1 ! monum5t is cov]$ by a ro( arti/ically con/ruct$4 ,= ! tombs ( k+s & ! greate/ *iefs !y g to di/ant isl&s to f9d huge /ones to cr[n ! grave4 ,i h se5 "o tw5ty-f\r feet long by eight broad & at lea/ eighte5 in*es ?ick4 ,"o ( ^! tombs 0 built by ! natives ( ,wallis ,isl&1 :o br\ght ! enorm\s blocks 9 imm5se canoes4 ,x is wond]ful = ^! peoples4#aef #aef ,j]ome ,grange1 9 ,annales de la ,propagation de la ,foi1 xvii4 7#ahde7 pp4 #ab sq4 ,capta9 ,ersk9e1 :o visit$ ,tongataboo 9 #ahdi1 says t ne> ! l&+-place at ! village ( ,holobeka1 (f :i* we 7 ly+1 we saw ov]%ad[$ ) trees1 "o ( ! faitokas1 or old burial-places ( ! c\ntry1 :i*1 al?\gh no long] 'tabu1' are /ill 9 "s cases us$ z places ( sepulture1 & v c>efully kept4 ,?is "o 0 an oblong squ>e plat=m a few feet high1 surr\nd$ by a /one wall1 ! int]ior be+ beautifully pav$ ) col\r$ corals & gravel2 ! h\se or temple1 :i* ,capta9 ,cook & o!rs describe z occupy+ ! c5tre1 hav+ be51 ,i suppose1 remov$4 ,i saw b "o o!r ( ^! monum5ts dur+ our /ay among ! isl&s1 ! l>ge/ ( :i* /&s on sev]al r[s ( /eps1 z describ$ by all =m] visitors4#aeg #aeg ,j4 ,e4 ,ersk9e1 ,j\rnal ( a ,cruise among ! ,isl&s ( ! ,we/]n ,pacific 7,london1 #ahec71 p4 #acj4 ,?omas ,we/1 :o liv$ z a mission>y 9 ! ,tongan isl&s f #ahdf to #ahee1 tells u t *iefs 7 usually int]r$ 9 tombs1 con/ruct$ ( blocks ( s&/one1 cut f suitable localities by ! sea%ore1 :]e1 at a little dep? f ! surface1 lay]s ( h>d & durable s&/one are f\nd1 ev5 on _m ( ! corall9e isl&s4 ,9 sev]al ( ! anci5t burial-places1 simil> /ones1 arrang$ 9 t]races1 surr\nd ! :ole enclosure4 ,"s ( ^! are ( imm5se size1 & seem to indicate ! possession1 on ! "p ( =m] inhabitants1 ei!r ( great] en]gy ?an ! pres5t race1 or ( bett] tools & appliances4 ,! burial-places ( ! ,tonguese are always surr\nd$ by ! mo/ impos+ foliage ( ! tropics1 & plac$ 9 seque/]$ spots4 ,a m\nd ( e>? is rais$1 ( dim5sions v>y+ ) ! necessities ( ! place2 &1 :5ev] a grave is op5$ )9 ! limits ( ?is m\nd1 x is always fill$ up ) beautiful :ite s&1 & nev] conta9s m ?an "o body4 ,no p>ticle ( clay or e>?y m\ld is all[$ to t\* ! rema9s ( ! dead4 ,! s& is br\ght 9 baskets by ! *ief m\rn]s1 :o sometimes sail or j\rney _m miles to procure x2 & ea* p]son p\rs ! cont5ts into ! grave until x is suffici5tly fill$ up4 ,! top ( ! grave is1 aft]w>ds1 c>efully t5d$ & decorat$ ) black pebbles & r$ coral1 arrang$ 9 v>i\s devices1 :i* h a v pretty effect4 ,small h\ses are also plac$ ov] ! tombs ( ! *iefs & g5try4#aeh #aeh ,?omas ,we/1 ,t5 ,ye>s 9 ,s\?-,c5tral ,polynesia 7,london1 #ahfe71 pp4 #bfh sq4 ,9 m rec5t ye>s ! tombs ( ! ,tooitongas at ,mooa h be5 visit$ by ,sir ,basil ,?omson1 :o has describ$ & discuss$ !m4#aei ,f an anonym\s pamphlet call$ ,! ,wair>apa ,wild]ness1 writt5 by ! pass5g]s ( ! s4s4 ,wair>apa & publi%$ 9 #ahhd1 ,sir ,basil ,?omson quotes a passage conta9+ a description ( ! tombs1 ) measurem5ts :i*1 he tells u1 are accurate z f> z !y g4 ,f x ,i w extract a few p>ticul>s4 ,! writ]s in=m u t ! tombs are built ( blocks ( coral :i* v>y 9 l5g? & ?ickness2 "s ( ! l>ge/ !y f\nd to be f fifte5 to eighte5 feet long & f "o & a half to two feet ?ick4 ,! l>ge/ measur$ by !m is tw5ty-two feet long & two feet ?ick & /&s betwe5 sev5 & eight feet above ! gr\nd4 ,?is great /one1 n[ split 9 two1 is at ! middle ( ! l[e/ /ep ( "o ( ! pyramidal tombs4 ,! height ( ! /eps v>ies mu* 9 ! diff]5t pyramids2 "o /ep 0 f\nd to be f\r feet high4 ,! bread? ( ea* /ep is ?ree feet or m3 x has be5 c>efully levell$ & cov]$ ) coral gravel4 ,! /ones fit v closely & are v regul> at top & bottom ?r\gh\t ! ti]s4 ,! corn]s ( "o pyramid obs]v$ by ! writ]s are =m$ ( huge rectangul> /ones1 :i* seem to h be5 put 9 position be=e !y 7 f9ally fac$4 ,on ! upp] surface ( ! l>ge/ /one is a deep holl[ ab\t ! size & %ape ( a l>ge *e/nut mort>4 ,sir ,basil ,?omson1 :o has exam9$ ?is holl[1 believes x to be a natural cavity :i* has be5 artificially smoo!d by a workman4 ,he sugge/s t x may h be5 l9$ ) leaves & us$ z a b[l = brew+ kava at ! fun]al c]emonies4 ,on "o m\nd ! writ]s ( ! pamphlet rem>k$ a l>ge flat /one1 "s five & a half feet squ>e2 & 9 sev]al ( ! tombs !y notic$ huge slabs ( volcanic /one plac$ indiscrim9ately side by side ) blocks ( coral4 ,! writ]s measur$ ! bases ( ?ree ( ! tombs & f\nd !m to be ab\t two *a9s 7"o hundr$ & ?irty-two feet7 long by a *a9 & a half 7n9ety-n9e feet7 broad2 ! base ( a f\r? 0 ev5 l>g]4#afj #aei 7,sir7 ,basil ,?omson1 ,div]sions ( a ,prime ,m9i/]1 pp4 #cgi sq42 id4 ,notes ^u ! ,antiquities ( ,tonga1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxii4 7#aijb7 pp4 #hf-hh4 #afj 7,sir7 ,basil ,?omson1 ,notes ^u ! ,antiquities ( ,tonga1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxii4 7#aijb7 pp4 #hg sq4 ,survey+ ^! v>i\s acc\nts ( ! tombs ( ! ,tooitongas or sacr$ *iefs1 we may p]haps conclude t1 :ile ! type ( tomb v>i$ 9 diff]5t cases1 ! mo/ *>act]i/ic1 & c]ta9ly ! mo/ rem>kable1 type 0 t ( a /epp$ or t]rac$ pyramid built ( su* l>ge blocks ( /one z to m]it ! "n ( megali?ic monum5ts4 ,s f> z ,i h obs]v$ 9 ! acc\nts giv5 ( !m1 ?is type ( tomb 0 res]v$ exclusively = ! sacr$ *iefs1 ! ,tooitongas1 :om ! ,tongans reg>d$ z div9e & z direct desc5dants ( ! gods4 ,! civil k+s1 s f> z appe>s1 7 n buri$ 9 ^! massive pyramids1 b m]ely 9 /one vaults sunk 9 ! summits ( grassy m\nds4 ,x is natural1 ) ,sir ,basil ,?omson1#afa to comp>e ! pyramids ( ! ,tooitongas ) ! simil> /ructures call$ morais or m>ais :i* are f\nd 9 ,tahiti & ! ,m>quesas isl&s4 ,inde$1 ! v "n morai 0 sometimes appli$ to !m by ! ,tongans !mselves1 ?\gh m usually !y call$ !m fiatookas1 :i* 0 simply ! common ^w = bury+-gr\nd4#afb ,9 ,tahiti & ! ,m>quesas isl&s ^! m>ais 7 9 l mann] truncat$ pyramids1 ris+ 9 a s]ies ( /eps or ti]s1 built ( /ones1 "s ( :i* 7 l>ge1 b app>5tly n s l>ge z 9 ! correspond+ ,tongan edifices2 = 9 describ+ "o ( ! l>ge/ ( ! ,tahitian morais or m>ais ,cook m5tions only "o /one measur+ z mu* z f\r feet sev5 in*es 9 l5g? by two feet f\r 9 bread?1 ?\gh he f\nd sev]al ?ree & a half feet long by two & a half feet broad4 ,^! dim5sions c h>dly comp>e ) ! size ( ! blocks 9 ! tombs ( ! ,tooitongas1 "s ( :i*1 z we h se51 measure fifte51 eighte51 & ev5 tw5ty-two or tw5ty-f\r feet 9 l5g? by eight or twelve feet 9 height4 ,^! ,tahitian & ,m>quesan pyramids are commonly describ$ z temples1 & ju/ly s1 because ! gods 7 wor%ipp$ !re & human sacrifices 7 (f]$ on !m4#afc ,b !y 7 also1 l ! simil> /ructures 9 ,tonga1 us$ 9 c]ta9 cases = ! burial ( ! dead1 or at all ev5ts = ! pres]vation ( _! embalm$ bodies4 ,capta9 ,cook seems ev5 to h reg>d$ ! ,tahitian morais prim>ily z bury+-gr\nds & only second>ily z places ( wor%ip4#afd ,9 ! isl& ( ,huah9e1 "o ( ! ,society ,isl&s1 ! sov]eign *iefs 7 buri$ 9 a m>ai1 :]e !y lay1 we are told1 9 m ?an ,ori5tal /ate4#afe ,william ,ellis1 "o ( our be/ au?orities on ! religion ( ! ,tahitians1 tells u t ! family1 di/rict1 or royal m>aes 7 ! g5]al depositories ( ! bones ( ! dep>t$1 ^: bodies _h be5 embalm$1 & ^: skulls 7 sometimes pres]v$ 9 ! dwell+ ( ! survivors4 ,! m>ae or temple be+ sacr$1 & ! bodies be+ "u ! gu>dian%ip ( ! gods1 7 9 g5]al consid]$ secure :5 deposit$ !re4 ,?is 0 n1 h[ev]1 always ! case2 & 9 times ( w>1 ! victors sometimes n only despoil$ ! temples ( ! vanqui%$1 & bore away _! idol1 b robb$ ! sacr$ enclosure ( ! bones ( celebrat$ individuals4#aff ,mo]5h\t1 ano!r good au?ority on ! ,tahitian religion1 in=ms u t ! m>ais :i* belong$ to individuals (t5 s]v$ z cemet]ies & 7 only ! m respect$ on t acc\nt2 b he says t 9 ! public m>ais almo/ ! only p]sons buri$ 7 ! human victims (f]$ 9 sacrifice1 & sometimes ! prie/s1 :o 7 laid face d[nw>ds 9 ! grave1 = ! curi\s reason t o!rwise ! gaze ( ! dead m5 w\ld blight ! trees & cause ! fruit to fall to ! gr\nd4#afg #afa 7,sir7 ,basil ,?omson1 ,div]sions ( a ,prime ,m9i/]1 p4 #cgi4 #afb ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #dbd4 ,else:]e 7v4 #cfd7 he speaks ( a morai or fiatooka2 & %ortly aft]w>ds1 ref]r+ to ! same /ructure1 he m5tions x z ?is morai1 or :at ,i may z well call temple 7p4 #cfe74 ,z to ! equival5ce ( ! words morai & m>ai 7m>ae71 see ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 ,voyages aux ,iles du ,gr& ,ocean 7,p>is1 #ahcg71 i4 #dff2 & z to ! significance ( ! ^w 9 its v>i\s dialectical =ms1 see ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 p4 #bac1 s4v4 malae4 #afc ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #aeg sqq42 ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ,obs]vations made dur+ a ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w 7,london1 #aghh71 pp4 #edc sqq42 ,capta9 ,james ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 pp4 #bjg sqq42 ,david ,port]1 ,j\rnal ( a ,cruise made to ! ,pacific ,ocean 7,new ,york1 #ahbb71 ii4 #ch sq42 ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 ,j\rnal ( ,voyages & ,travels 7,london1 #ahca71 i4 #bdj-bdh1 #bfe sqq41 #bga1 #bgd1 #ebi sq41 ii4 #ac sq41 #ch sq42 ,w4 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 ,second ,edition 7,london1 #ahcb-ahcf71 i4 #cdj1 #dje2 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 ,voyages aux ,iles du ,gr& ,ocean1 i4 #dff-dgj2 ,g4 ,h4 von ,langsdorff1 ,reise um die ,welt 7,frankfurt am ,mayn1 #ahab71 i4 #aae1 #acd2 ,h4 ,melville1 ,typee 7,london1 ,n4,d471 pp4 #aff-afi 7,ev]yman's ,libr>y72 ,mat?ias ,g----1 ,lettres sur les ,iles ,m>quises 7,p>is1 #ahdc71 pp4 #ed sq42 ,c4 ,e4 ,me9icke1 ,die ,inseln des ,/ill5 ,oceans 7,leipzig1 #ahge-ahgf71 i4 #di1 ii4 #ahj1 #ahc sq42 ,g4 ,g]l&1 9 ,?4 ,waitz1 ,an?ropologie1 vi 7,leipzig1 #ahgb7 pp4 #cgf sqq4 #afd ,capt4 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #aeg sq41 ,_! "n = su* bury+-gr\nds1 :i* are also places ( wor%ip1 is ,morai4 ,comp>e id41 i4 #bag1 #bai1 #bbj1 #bbd1 vi4 #cg1 #da2 ,j4 ,turnbull1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w 7,london1 #ahac71 p4 #aea1 ! morais1 :i* s]ve ! d\ble purpose ( places ( wor%ip & receptacles = ! dead4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ,obs]vations1 p4 #ede1 ,to ornam5t ! m>ais & to hon\r by x ! gods & ! decay$ buri$ !re1 ! inhabitants plant sev]al sorts ( trees ne> !m4 #afe ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #bga4 #aff ,w4 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 i4 #dje4 ,else:]e 7p4 #dja71 speak+ ( ! ,tahitian burial cu/oms1 ,ellis obs]ves t ! skull 0 c>efully kept 9 ! family1 :ile ! o!r bones1 etc41 7 buri$ )9 ! prec9cts ( ! family temple4 #afg ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dgj4 ,z to ! ,tahitian cu/om ( bury+ ! dead 9 ! m>ais1 see also ,c4 ,e4 ,me9icke1 ,die ,inseln des ,/ill5 ,oceans1 ii4 #ahc sq41 accord+ to :om only ! bodies ( p]sons ( high rank 7 int]r$ 9 ^! sanctu>ies4 ,9 ! ,m>quesas isl&s ! morais appe> to h be5 also us$ occasionally or ev5 regul>ly z burial-places4 ,langsdorff1 "o ( our e>lie/ au?orities on ^! isl&s1 speaks ( a morai simply z a place ( burial4#afh ,he tells u t ! mummifi$ bodies ( ! dead 7 deposit$ on scaffolds 9 ! morai or family burial-place1 & t ! p ( neighb\r+ b ho/ile di/ricts us$ to try to /eal ea* o!r's dead f ! morais1 & deem$ x a great triumph :5 !y succe$$ 9 ! attempt4 ,to defeat su* attempts1 :5 ! inhabitants ( a di/rict expect$ to be attack$ 9 =ce by _! enemies1 !y 7 wont to remove _! dead f ! morai & bury !m 9 ! neighb\rhood4#afi ,aga91 9 _! monograph on ! ,m>quesas isl&s1 ! ,fr5* writ]s ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 & ,desgraz recognise only ! mortu>y aspect ( ! morais4 ,!y say3 ,! morais1 fun]al monum5ts :]e ! bodies are deposit$1 are set up on a plat=m ( /one1 :i* is ! base ( all ,nukahivan con/ructions4 ,!y are to be f\nd scatt]$ 9 ! :ole ext5t ( ! valleys2 no p>ticul> condition seems to be requir$ 9 ! *oice ( ! site4 ,ne> ! %ore ( ,taiohae is ! morai :i* conta9s ! rema9s ( a bro!r ( ! atepei\ ,pat9i1 an uncle ( ,moana1 :o di$ "s ye>s ago1 z !y tell u4#agj #afh ,g4 ,h4 von ,langsdorff1 op4 cit4 i4 #aae4 #afi ,g4 ,h4 von ,langsdorff1 op4 cit4 i4 #acd4 #agj ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 ,iles ,m>quises ou ,n\ka-hiva 7,p>is1 #ahdc71 p4 #bec4 ,?us to "s ext5t1 9 function z well z 9 =m1 ^! pyramidical temples ( ,tahiti & ! ,m>quesas isl&s correspond$ to ! megali?ic monum5ts ( ! ,tooitongas or sacr$ *iefs ( ,tonga2 9 fact1 !y 7 mausoleums z well z temples4 ,we are n at lib]ty to assume1 ) "o au?ority on ! ,polynesians1 t !y 7 mausoleums fir/ & =emo/1 & t !y only develop$ into temples at a lat] "t4#aga ,x is possible1 on ! contr>y1 t f ! outset !y 7 temples d$icat$ to ! wor%ip ( ! high gods1 & t ! cu/om ( deposit+ ! dead 9 !m 0 a lat] practice adopt$ = ! sake ( ! protection :i* ^! holy places might be expect$ to af=d aga9/ ! ef=ts ( enemies to c>ry (f & desecrate ! rema9s ( ! dep>t$4 ,dr4 ,riv]s prop\nd$ a !ory t ! cu/om ( build+ ^! megali?ic monum5ts 9 ! =m ( pyramids 0 introduc$ into ! ,pacific by a p :o br\ght ) !m a secret wor%ip ( ! sun1 & he app>5tly incl9$ to reg>d ! monum5ts !mselves z at lea/ associat$ ) t wor%ip4#agb ,! !ory c h>dly apply to ! megali?ic monum5ts ( ! ,tooitongas 9 ,tongataboo2 = ! evid5ce :i* ,i h adduc$ seems to r5d] x c]ta9 t ^! monum5ts 7 erect$ prim>ily z tombs to receive ! bodies ( ! sacr$ *iefs4 ,x is true t ^! tombs enjoy$ a sacr$ "* & 7 ! sc5e ( wor%ip :i* ju/ly entitles !m to rank z temples2 b s f> z !y 7 temples1 !y 7 devot$ to ! wor%ip1 n ( ! sun1 b ( ! dead4 #aga ,c4 ,e4 ,me9icke1 ,die ,inseln des ,/ill5 ,oceans1 ii4 #ahj4 #agb ,w4 ,h4 ,r4 ,riv]s1 ,sun-cult & ,megali?s 9 ,oceania1 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 ,n4,s4 xvii4 7#aiae7 pp4 #dca sqq4 ,?us our enquiry into ! mean+ & orig9 ( ^! int]e/+ monum5ts entirely confirms ! view ( ! %rewd & obs]vant ,capta9 ,cook t ! fiatookas1 z ! ,tongans call$ !m1 7 bo? places ( burial & places ( wor%ip4 ,f9ally1 ! evid5ce :i* ,i h cit$ appe>s to r5d] x highly probable t ^! impos+ monum5ts 7 built1 n by a prehi/oric p1 pr$ecessors ( ! ,tongans 9 ! isl&s1 b by ! ,tongans !mselves2 = n only d ! p affirm t ! tombs 7 erect$ by _! ance/ors1 b !y h def9ite traditions ( "s ( ! *iefs :o built !m1 & are buri$ 9 !m2 & !y /ill pr(ess to rememb] "s ( ! isl&s f :i* ! huge /ones 7 br\ght to ,tongataboo 9 great d\ble canoes4 ,t ! graves ( ! great *iefs 71 l temples1 reg>d$ by ! p ) religi\s rev]5ce appe>s pla9ly f a /atem5t ( ,m>9]4 ,he tells u t a place call$ ,mafanga1 9 ! we/]n "p ( ,tongataboo1 be+ a piece ( l& ab\t half a mile squ>e1 0 consecrat$ gr\nd4 ,9 ?is spot1 he says1 are ! graves :]e ! greate/ *iefs f "t immemorial h be5 buri$1 & ! place is !re=e consid]$ sacr$2 x w\ld be a sacrilege to fight "h1 & nobody c be prev5t$ f l&+3 if ! mo/ invet]ate enemies meet ^u ?is gr\nd1 !y mu/ look ^u ea* o!r z fri5ds1 "u p5alty ( ! displeasure ( ! gods1 & consequ5tly an untimely dea?1 or "s great mis=tune4 ,!re are sev]al ( ^! consecrat$ places on diff]5t isl&s4#agc ,?us ! rev]5ce paid to ! tombs ( ! *iefs 0 l ! rev]5ce paid to ! consecrat$ h\ses & enclosures ( ! gods2 we h already se5 :at a sacrilege x 0 deem$ to fight or to pursue an enemy )9 ! consecrat$ enclosure ( a god1#agd & we n[ le>n t x 0 equally a sacrilege to fight )9 ! gr\nd t 0 hall[$ by ! graves ( ! *iefs4 #agc ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #hh4 #agd ,above1 pp4 #gd sqq4 ,m>9] has describ$ = u ! wor%ip paid by ! k+ & 8 *iefs to "o ( ! sacr$ graves at ,mafanga4 ,"o morn+ ,f9[ ! k+1 accompani$ by sev]al ( 8 *iefs & _! m9i/]s 7! matabooles71 l&$ at ,mafanga & imm$iately proce$$ to 8 fa!r's grave to p]=m a c]emony call$ toogi4 ,m>9] att5d$ ! p>ty & witness$ ! c]emony4 ,all :o w5t to p>ticipate 9 x assum$ ! attire ( m\rn]s or suppliants1 t is1 !y wore mats in/ead ( _! usual dress & !y _h wrea?s1 made ( ! leaves ( ! ifi tree1 r\nd _! necks4 ,!y sat d[n be=e ! grave1 & ! k+ & all ( !m beat _! *eeks ) _! fi/s = ab\t half a m9ute )\t speak+ a ^w4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal m9i/]s 7matabooles7 !n address$ ! _s ( ! k+'s fa!r to ! foll[+ effect3 ,behold ! man 7mean+ ,f9[1 ! k+7 :o has come to ,tonga to fight 8 enemies4 ,be pleas$ ) him1 & grant him ?y protection4 ,he comes to battle1 hop+ he is n do+ wrong4 ,he has always held ,tooitonga 9 ! highe/ respect1 & has att5d$ to all religi\s c]emonies ) exactness4 ,"o ( ! att5dants !n w5t to ! k+ & receiv$ f him a piece ( kava root1 :i* he laid d[n on ! rais$ m\nt be=e ! burial-place 7fytoka74 ,sev]al o!rs1 :o _h pieces ( kava root 9 _! bosoms1 w5t up to ! grave 9 l mann] & deposit$ !m !re4#age #age ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #hh sq4 ,?us ! k+ pray$ to ! _s ( 8 dead fa!r at 8 grave & made an (f]+ at ! tomb4 ,:at m c\ld he d to a god at 8 temple8 ,& 9 g5]al we are told t :5 a great bless+ 0 desir$1 or a s]i\s evil deprecat$1 if ! p wi%$ to enjoy heal? or beget *ildr51 to be successful at sea1 or victori\s 9 w>1 !y w\ld g to ! burial gr\nds ( _! great *iefs1 clean !m up ?or\ghly1 spr9kle ! floor ) s&1 & lay d[n _! (f]+s4#agf ,:5 ,f9[ ! k+ 0 dy+1 8 fri5ds c>ri$ him on a bi]1 n only to ! temples ( ! great gods ,tali-y-,toobo & ,tooi-fooa-,bolotoo1 :]e pray]s = 8 recov]y 7 (f]$2 !y bore him also to ! grave ( a *iefta9ess & invok$ h] _s 9 l mann] to pity & sp>e ! expir+ mon>*4#agg ,app>5tly !y ?\ght t ! gho/ ( ! *iefta9ess 0 q z able z ! great gods to heal ! sick & re/ore ! dy+4 #agf ,s>ah ,s4 ,f>m]1 ,tonga & ! ,fri5dly ,isl&s1 p4 #abg4 #agg ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 i4 #cfg4 ,b on no occasion1 p]haps1 0 ! assimilation ( dead m5 to gods s conspicu\s z at ! annual (f]+ ( fir/-fruits1 :i* seems to h be5 ! mo/ impressive ( all ! ye>ly rites obs]v$ by ! ,tongans4 ,! c]emony 0 obs]v$ once a ye> j be=e ! yams 9 g5]al _h arriv$ at a /ate ( maturity2 ! yams (f]$ at x 7 ( a k9d :i* admitt$ ( be+ plant$ soon] ?an ! o!rs1 & :i* consequ5tly1 rip5+ e>li]1 7 ! fir/-fruits ( ! yam season4 ,! object ( ! (f]+ 0 to ensure ! protection ( ! gods1 t _! fav\r might be ext5d$ to ! welf>e ( ! nation g5]ally1 & 9 p>ticul> to ! productions ( ! e>?1 ( :i* 9 ,tonga yams are ! mo/ important4 ,at ?is solemn c]emony ! new yams1 slung on poles1 7 br\ght f di/ant isl&s1 c>ri$ 9 procession to ! grave ( ! late ,tooitonga1 & deposit$ 9 front ( x1 _! be>]s sitt+ d[n beside !m4 ,!reupon "o ( ! m9i/]s 7matabooles7 ( ! liv+ ,tooitonga arose1 advanc$1 & sat d[n be=e ! grave1 a little 9 front ( ! m5 :o _h br\ght ! yams4 ,next he address$ ! gods g5]ally1 & aft]w>ds p>ticul>ly1 m5tion+ ! late ,tooitonga & ! names ( sev]al o!rs4 ,9 do+ s he return$ ?anks = _! div9e b\nty 9 fav\r+ ! l& ) ! prospect ( a good h>ve/1 & pray$ t _! b5efic5ce might be cont9u$ 9 future4 ,9 ?is h>ve/ ?anksgiv+ ! _s ( ! dead ,tooitonga seems to h rank$ on an equality ) ! orig9al or sup]human gods2 inde$1 9 a s5se he took prec$5ce ( !m1 s9ce ! (f]+s 7 pres5t$ at 8 grave4 ,! fir/-fruits1 we are told1 7 (f]$ to ! gods 9 ! p]son ( ! div9e *ief ,tooitonga4#agh #agh ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #aif-bjb1 comp>e p4 #gh4 ,! c]emony 0 also witness$1 ?\gh n und]/ood1 by ,capta9 ,cook 7,voyages1 v4 #cfc sqq47 & by ! fir/ ,engli% mission>ies 7,capta9 ,james ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 pp4 #bfd sq474 ,on ! :ole we may conclude t1 h[ev] %>p a di/9ction 0 drawn 9 !ory betwe5 ! old gods1 :o _h always be5 gods1 & ! new gods1 :o _h once be5 m51 ! l9e :i* divid$ !m 9 practice 0 wav]+ & blurr$4 ,! dead m5 & wom5 7 fa/ ris+1 if !y _h n already ris51 to an equality ) ! anci5t deities4 ,we may ev5 surmise t "s ( ^! old gods !mselves 7 human be+s1 ^: orig9al humanity 0 =gott54 ,! tombs ( ! k+s & sacr$ *iefs may be describ$ z megali?ic monum5ts 9 s f> z imm5se /ones 7 (t5 employ$ 9 ! con/ruction ei!r ( ! enclos+ walls or ( ! high /eps :i* l$ up to ! summit ( ! m\nd :]e ! grave 0 dug4 ,x is possible1 & inde$ probable1 t great /ones 7 simil>ly employ$ z ornam5ts or accessories ( ! consecrat$ h\ses or temples ( ! prim>y gods1 b ( su* an employm5t ,i h met ) no express notice among our au?orities4 ,s f> z _! descriptions all[ u to judge1 ^! megali?ic monum5ts ( ! ,tongans 7 purely sepul*ral 9 "*2 !y 7 d$icat$ only to ! wor%ip ( ! dead4 ,b !re exi/s at lea/ "o o!r rem>kable megali?ic monum5t 9 ^! isl&s ( :i* ! orig9al mean+ is q unc]ta91 & ( :i* consequ5tly we _c confid5tly say t x 0 erect$ = ! sake ( hon\r+ or propitiat+ ! spirits ( ! dep>t$4 ,! monum5t 9 "q is situat$ ne> ! ea/]n extremity ( ,tongataboo1 at a di/ance ( ?ree or f\r hundr$ y>ds f ! bea* & fac+ t[>ds ! isl& ( ,eua4 ,! l& on :i* x /&s 0 ! private prop]ty ( ! ,tooitongas1 ^: megali?ic tombs are situat$ "s eight or n9e miles away to ! we/4 ,9 ! int]v5+ c\ntry1 :i* is p]fectly flat & p>tly cov]$ ) =e/1 p>tly "u cultivation1 !re are said to be no o!r monum5ts or ru9s4 ,x is rem>kable t ?is impos+ monum5t1 :i* naturally impresses ! obs]v] by its resemblance to ! trili?ons or gate-l /ructures ( ,/oneh5ge1 %\ld h app>5tly escap$ ! obs]vation ( ,europeans d[n to ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,x is n m5tion$ by ,cook & ,m>9]1 nor ev5 by ^? :o1 l ! fir/ mission>ies & ,dumont d',urville1 describ$ 9 "s detail ! tombs ( ! ,tooitongas n _m miles (f4 ,p]haps ! solit>9ess ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry may p>tly acc\nt = _! ignorance & sil5ce2 = !re are said to be few inhabitants 9 ?is "p ( ! isl& & none at all 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ! monum5t4 ,x seems to h be5 fir/ discov]$ by ,mr4 ,philip ,h]vey ( ,sydney 9 #ahej or #ahea1 b 8 description ( x 0 n publi%$ = "s t5 ye>s4 ,9 ,augu/ #aheb x 0 se5 by ,dr4 ,*>les ,=bes1 ,surgeon ( ,h4,m4,s4 ,calliope1 & 8 description ( x 0 publi%$ by ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,london 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,9 #ahfe x 0 se5 & briefly describ$ by ,mr4 ,foljambe ( ,h4,m4,s4 ,curacoa4 ,"s tw5ty ye>s lat] ! pass5g]s ( ! s4s4 ,wair>apa1 on a ya*t+ cruise f ,new ,zeal&1 visit$ ! spot & publi%$ an acc\nt ( ! /ructure4 ,/ill lat] ,sir ,basil ,?omson exam9$ ! monum5t & discuss$ its hi/ory4#agi #agi ,see ! lett] ( ,dr4 ,*>les ,=bes1 9 ,ar*aeologia1 or ,miscellane\s ,tracts relat+ to ,antiquity1 xxxv4 7,london1 #ahec7 p4 #dif 7) a woodcut72 ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,london ,fir/ ,s]ies1 iii4 #ai2 id4 ,second ,s]ies1 i4 #bhg2 lett] ( ,philip ,h]vey1 quot$ by ,k5ne? ,r4 ,h4 ,mack5zie1 9 ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,london1 ,second ,s]ies1 ii4 #ge-gg2 ,julius ,l4 ,br5*ley1 ,jott+s dur+ ! ,cruise ( ,h4,m4,s4 ,curacoa among ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s 9 #ahfe 7,london1 #ahgc71 p4 #acb 7) a woodcut72 7,sir7 ,basil ,?omson1 ,div]sions ( a ,prime ,m9i/] 7,ed9burgh & ,london1 #ahid71 pp4 #chj-chb 7) a woodcut on p4 #cic72 id4 ,notes ^u ! ,antiquities ( ,tonga1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxii4 7#aijb7 pp4 #ha-hd 7) a photograph74 ,views ( ! monum5t1 tak5 app>5tly f photographs1 h also be5 publi%$ by ,dr4 ,f4 ,h4 ,h4 ,guillem>d 7,au/ralasia1 vol4 ii4 ,london1 #ahid1 p4 #eja71 ,dr4 ,george ,br[n 7,melanesians & ,polynesians1 ,london1 #aiaj1 plate fac+ p4 #daj71 & by ,mr4 ,s4 ,p]cy ,smi? 7,hawaiki1 ,?ird ,edition1 ,*ri/*ur*1 ,n4,z41 #aiaj1 pp4 #aeg sq474 ,dr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,r4 ,riv]s spoke z if !re 7 sev]al trili?ons 9 ,tongataboo 7,hi/ory ( ,melanesian ,society1 ii4 #dcj sq42 id4 ,sun-cult & ,megali?s 9 ,oceania1 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 ,n4,s4 xvii41 #aiae1 p4 #ddd72 b 9 ?is he seems to h be5 mi/ak54 ,s f> z ,i c ga!r1 !re is only "o ( ^! rem>kable monum5ts 9 ,tongataboo or inde$ 9 ! :ole ( ! ,pacific4 ,! monum5t 9 "q is a /ructure ( ! type kn[n z a trili?on2 t is1 x is compos$ ( ?ree l>ge /ones1 ( :i* two /& upright1 :ile ! ?ird re/s horizontally on _! tops4 ,all ?ree /ones are monoli?s ( h>d5$ coral1 r\gh & mu* wea!r$ on ! surface1 & precisely simil> to ! coral ( ! neighb\r+ reefs4 ,inde$1 ab\t halfway betwe5 ! monum5t & ! bea* ! coral rock is expos$ 9 a holl[1 f :i* x seems probable t ! great blocks 7 hewn & br\ght to _! pres5t situation4 ,! /atem5t ( ,mr4 ,br5*ley1 t ! /one ( :i* ! monum5t consi/s is n to be f\nd else:]e on ! isl&1 is errone\s4 ,! uprights are quadrangul> monoli?s neatly squ>$4 ,no measurem5ts ( ! /ones appe> to be on record1 b ! two uprights are v>i\sly e/imat$ to measure f f\rte5 to sixte5 feet 9 height2 _! bread? or dep? f front to back is v>i\sly giv5 z f eight to t5 or ev5 twelve feet2 b !y seem to tap] some:at upw>ds1 = ! e/imate :i* assigns twelve feet = ! dep? ( ! uprights at _! base1 m5tions sev5 feet or probably m z _! bread? at ! top4 ,! ?ickness ( ! uprights seems to be f\r feet4 ,! space betwe5 !m is v>i\sly /at$ at t5 & twelve feet4 ,! cross-/one1 :i* re/s on ! two uprights1 is report$ to measure tw5ty-f\r feet 9 l5g?1 by f\r or five feet 9 dep?1 & two feet 9 ?ickness4 ,ea* ( ! uprights is e/imat$ by ,sir ,basil ,?omson to weigh n less ?an fifty tons4 ,! tops ( bo? are deeply mortis$ to receive ! cross-/one1 ! ends ( :i* are sunk into !m in/ead ( be+ laid flat on ! top4 ,! cross-/one lies ea/ & we/1 s t ! op5+ betwe5 ! uprights faces nor? & s\?4 ,on ! upp] surface ( ! cross-/one1 & at ab\t ! middle ( x1 is a cup-l holl[1 v c>efully cut1 ab\t ! size ( a coco-nut %ell4 ,a l>ge b[l ( ! same mat]ial is said to h =m]ly /ood on ! cross-/one1 b ! /atem5t is n made by an eyewitness & is probably mi/ak54#ahj #ahj ,= ! au?orities1 see ! prec$+ note4 ,! measurem5ts1 to "s ext5t discrepant1 are giv5 by ,dr4 ,*>les ,=bes1 ,mr4 ,philip ,h]vey1 & ! pass5g]s ( s4s4 ,wair>apa1 z report$ by ,sir ,basil ,?omson ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxii4 #hb sq471 :o _h un=tunately mislaid 8 own notes conta9+ ! measurem5ts4 ,! /atem5t t ! monum5t 0 surm\nt$ by a l>ge b[l is made by ,mr4 ,br5*ley1 9 ^: sket* ( ! /ructure ! b[l figures4 ,b ,mr4 ,br5*ley did n himself see ! monum5t1 & nobody else appe>s to h se5 ! b[l4 ,i suspect t ! report ( ! b[l may h orig9at$ 9 a ha/y read+ ( ,mr4 ,h]vey's /atem5t t on ! c5tre ( x ! cross-/one a small cava b[l is scoop$ out1 ?\gh 9 ,mr4 ,br5*ley's acc\nt ! b[l has seem+ly increas$ 9 size4 ,simil>ly 9 8 report ! height ( ! uprights has gr[n to ab\t ?irty feet1 :i* appe>s to be j d\ble ( _! real size4 ,p]haps ,mr4 ,br5*ley's errone\s allegation z to ! mat]ial ( ! monum5t simil>ly orig9at$ 9 a misund]/&+ ( ,mr4 ,h]vey's /atem5t t ! mat]ial is ! coral rock1 or coral rag :i* are =m$ ( /one br\ght f ,wallis's ,isl&4 ,! "n :i* ! natives give to ?is megali?ic monum5t is ,haamonga or ,ho ha ,mo-nga ,maui1 :i* is said to mean ,maui's burd54 ,! "n is expla9$ by a /ory t ! god or h]o ,maui br\ght ! massive /ones 9 a gigantic canoe f ,uea 7,wallis ,isl&71 :]e ! great holes 9 ! rock f :i* he qu>ri$ !m may /ill be se54 ,f ! canoe he bore !m on 8 back to ! spot :]e !y n[ /&4#aha ,?is /ory c h>dly be ?\ght to ?r[ mu* light on ! orig9 ( ! monum5t2 = ! natives are 9 ! habit ( ref]r+ ! m>vels :i* !y d n und]/& to ! action ( ! god or h]o ,maui1 j z ! anci5t ,greeks fa!r$ _m natural wond]s on ! deifi$ h]o ,h]cules4#ahb ,b f ,mateialona1 ,gov]nor ( ,haapai & c\s9 ( ! ,k+ ( ,tonga1 ,sir ,basil ,?omson obta9$ a tradition ( ! orig9 ( ! /ones :i* is at lea/ free f ! miracul\s elem5t & connects ! monum5t ) ,tongan hi/ory4 ,! acc\nt runs ?us3 ,conc]n+ ! ,haamonga ( ,maui1 !y say =soo? t a ,tui ,tonga 7! sacr$ l9e ( *iefs71 nam$ ,tui-ta-tui1 erect$ x1 & t he 0 s nam$ because x 0 a "t ( assass9ation4#ahc ,& !y say t he _h x built = him to sit ^u dur+ ! ,faikava 7c]emony ( brew+ kava71 :5 ! p sat r\nd him 9 a circle1 & t ! k+ s dread$ assass9ation t he _h ?is lordly seat built = himself t he might sit out ( ! rea* ( 8 p4 ,& ?is1 !y say1 is ! orig9 ( ! pres5t cu/om ( ! ,faikava1 x be+ n[ =bidd5 = any "o to sit beh9d ! k+4 ,at su* wassails ! presid+ *ief sits at ! apex ( an oval4 ,to ?is tradition ,sir ,basil ,?omson adds3 ,mr4 ,%irley ,bak] told me t he believ$ ! ,haamonga to h be5 erect$ z a fakamanatu 7memorial7 to ! son ( "s ,tui ,tonga1 a view t f9ds support 9 ! fondness ( ,tongan *iefs = orig9ality 9 ! burial c]emonies ( _! ne> relations--witness ,m>9]'s acc\nt ( ! fun]al ( ,f9au's daught]--b on ! o!r h& native traditions g5]ally h a k]nel ( tru?1 & ! leg5d ( ,tui-ta-tui & its consequ5ces f9ds an analogy 9 our own cu/om ( gu>d+ aga9/ an assass9's dagg] at ! dr9k+ ( ! lov+ cup4#ahd ,! tradition receives "s confirmation f ! b[l-l holl[ on ! upp] surface ( ! cross-/one2 = ! holl[ might h s]v$ z ! k+'s dr9k+-cup to hold 8 kava at ! cu/om>y wassails4 ,inde$1 ,mr4 ,philip ,h]vey1 ! fir/ to exam9e ! monum5t1 describes ! holl[ 9 "q z a small cava b[l2#ahe & aft] giv+ an acc\nt ( ! monum5t ,mr4 ,br5*ley adds3 ,its hi/ory seems to be entirely unkn[n1 b x is v natural to suppose f its =m t x 0 connect$ ) "s anci5t kava c]emonies4#ahf #aha ,*>les ,=bes1 9 ,ar*aeologia1 xxxv4 #dif 7:o gives ,ho ha ,mo-nga ,maui z ! "n ( ! /ones72 7,sir7 ,basil ,?omson1 ,div]sions ( a ,prime ,m9i/]1 p4 #chb2 id41 ,notes ^u ! ,antiquities ( ,tonga1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxii4 7#aijb7 p4 #ha 7:o gives ,haamonga z ! native "n ( ! /ones74 #ahb 7,sir7 ,basil ,?omson1 ,notes ^u ! ,antiquities ( ,tonga1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxii4 7#aijb7 p4 #ha4 ,maui is ! great h]o ( ,polynesia1 kn[n 9 ne>ly e gr\p ( isl&s1 g5]ally reg>d$ z a demigod or deifi$ man1 b sometimes & 9 "s places ris+ to ! dignity ( full godhead4 ,he appe>s1 says ,mr4 ,e4 ,trege>1 to unite ! classical attributes ( ,h]cules & ,prome!us4 ,see ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 p4 #bcc1 s4v4 ,maui4 #ahc ,tui-ta-tui1 lit4 ',k+-/rike-,k+4' #ahd 7,sir7 ,basil ,?omson1 ,notes ^u ! ,antiquities ( ,tonga1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxii4 7#aijb7 p4 #hb4 #ahe ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,london1 ,second ,s]ies1 ii4 #gg4 #ahf ,julius ,l4 ,br5*ley1 ,jott+s dur+ ! ,cruise ( ,h4,m4,s4 ,curacoa among ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s 9 #ahfe 7,london1 #ahgc71 p4 #acb4 ,! tradition :i* connects ! erection ( ! monum5t ) ! reign ( a ,tooitonga nam$ ,tui-ta-tui is fur!r c\nt5anc$1 if n confirm$1 by a li/ ( ! ,tooitongas1 9 :i* ! "n ( ,tui-ta-tui occurs z ! elev5? 9 desc5t f ! great god ,tangaloa4#ahg ,?is ,tui-ta-tui is believ$ to h reign$ 9 ! ?irte5? or f\rte5? c5tury ( our era4#ahh ,f ! size & /yle ( ! masonry ,sir ,basil ,?omson is dispos$ to assign ! monum5t to a lat] date4 ,he po9ts out t = ! qu>ry+ & mortis+ ( /ones t weigh "s fifty tons apiece ! craft ( /one-cutt+ mu/ h be5 fully develop$2 & f a comp>ison ( ! megali?ic tombs ( ! ,tooitongas :i* c be approximately dat$1 he inf]s t ! craft ( /one-cutt+ 9 ,tonga rea*$ its culm9ation at ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ?\gh x 0 /ill practis$ d[n to ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury2 = ,m>9] tells u t 9 8 "t a pr(essional class ( masons 0 set ap>t = build+ ! /one sepul*ral vaults ( *iefs4#ahi ,yet on ! :ole ,sir ,basil ,?omson concludes t :5 "o is left to *oose betwe5 a def9ite native tradition on ! "o h& & probability on ! o!r = ! assignm5t ( a date1 ,i w\ld pref] ! tradition4 ,if ! ,tongans _h inv5t$ ! /ory z a m]e expression = antiquity !y w\ld n h pit*$ ^u ,tui-ta-tui1 ab\t :om no?+ else is record$1 9 pref]5ce to ,takalaua1 ,kau-ulu-fonua-fekai1 or any ( ! k+s :o loom l>ge 9 tradition>y hi/ory4 ,:e!r ! ,haamonga 0 built = a ?rone or = a memorial1 d\btless x is connect$ ) ! reign ( ,tui-ta-tui1 :o liv$ 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4#aij #ahg 7,sir7 ,basil ,?omson1 ,div]sions ( a ,prime ,m9i/]1 p4 #cie4 ,9 ?is "w ! au?or pr9ts a li/ ( ! ,tooitongas z giv5 by ,mr4 ,e4 ,trege> on ! au?ority ( ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,e4 ,m\lton4 #ahh 7,sir7 ,basil ,?omson1 ,notes ^u ! ,antiquities ( ,tonga1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxii4 7#aijb7 p4 #hc2 ,s4 ,p]cy ,smi?1 ,hawaiki1 p4 #aeh4 #ahi ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #bff4 ,z to ! size ( ! /ones1 ,m>9] says1 ,! /ones us$ = ?is purpose are ab\t a foot 9 ?ickness1 & are cut ( ! requisite dim5sions1 out ( ! /ratum f\nd on ! bea*es ( "s ( ! isl&s4 #aij 7,sir7 ,basil ,?omson1 ,notes ^u ! ,antiquities ( ,tonga1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxii4 7#aijb7 pp4 #hc sq4 ,z an alt]native to ! view t ! holl[ on ! cross-/one 0 a kava b[l ,dr4 ,riv]s sugge/s t x may h be5 de/9$ to receive ! skull & o!r bones ( ! dead1 s (t5 pres]v$ 9 ,polynesia4#aia ,! sugge/ion accords well ) ! op9ion t ! monum5t is a memorial ( ! dead1 & x might be support$ by ! ,samoan practice ( sev]+ a dead *ief's head f 8 body & bury+ x sep>ately1 to save x f be+ dug up & desecrat$ by enemies 9 "t ( w>4#aib ,h[ev]1 ,dr4 ,riv]s is c>eful to add t su* a practice is n record$ 9 ,tonga & appe>s to be incompatible ) ! mode ( sepulture :i* prevails !re4 #aia ,w4 ,h4 ,r4 ,riv]s1 ,hi/ory ( ,melanesian ,society1 ii4 #dca4 #aib ,see bel[1 p4 #bab4 ,9 ?is connexion ano!r megali?ic monum5t ( ! ,tonga isl&s des]ves to be consid]$1 ?\gh x appe>s to h be5 commonly ov]look$4 ,x 0 obs]v$ by ,capta9 ,cook 9 ! isl& ( ,lefooga 7,lifuka74 ,he says3 ,ne> ! s\? end ( ! isl&1 & on ! we/ side1 we met ) an artificial m\nt4 ,f ! size ( "s trees t 7 gr[+ ^u x1 & f o!r appe>ances1 ,i guess$ t x _h be5 rais$ 9 remote times4 ,i judg$ x to be ab\t =ty feet high2 & ! diamet] ( its summit measur$ fifty feet4 ,at ! bottom ( ?is m\nt /ood a /one1 :i* mu/ h be5 hewn out ( coral rock4 ,x 0 f\r feet broad1 two & a half ?ick1 & f\rte5 high2 & we 7 told by ! natives pres5t1 t n above half its l5g? appe>$ above gr\nd4 ,!y call$ x ,tangata ,arekee2#aic & said1 t x _h be5 set up1 & ! m\nt rais$1 by "s ( _! =efa!rs1 9 memory ( "o ( _! k+s2 b h[ long s9ce1 !y c\ld n tell4#aid #aic ,tangata1 9 _! language1 is man2 ,arekee1 k+4 #aid ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #bih sq4 ,to ?is description ( ! monum5t ,sir ,basil ,?omson has call$ att5tion2 he rightly classes x ) ! tombs ( ! *iefs4 ,see 8 ,notes ^u ! ,antiquities ( ,tonga1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxii4 7#aijb7 p4 #he4 ,:5 we rememb] t ,tongan k+s 7 commonly buri$ 9 su* m\nds z ,capta9 ,cook "h describes1 & fur!r t ^! m\nds 7 commonly enclos$ or fac$ ) great blocks ( hewn /one1 we may be dispos$ to accept z reasonable & probable ! explanation :i* ! natives gave ( ?is great monoli?1 :i*1 if ! report$ measurem5ts ( x are correct1 mu/ h be5 no less ?an tw5ty-eight feet high4 ,if x 0 inde$ a memorial ( a dead k+1 x might be ?\ght to /r5g!n ! view t ! great trili?on 0 also set up z a monum5t to a deceas$ mon>* or ,tooitonga4 ,ano!r possible explanation ( ! trili?on is1 z ,sir ,basil ,?omson po9ts out1 t x s]v$ z a gateway to "s sacr$ spot inl&4 ,b aga9/ ?is view he obs]ves t he exam9$ ! bu% = "s di/ance 9 ! neighb\rhood )\t f9d+ any trace ( ru9s or /ones ( any k9d4 ,he adds t ! memory ( sacr$ spots dies v h>d 9 ,tonga1 & t ! natives d n believe ! trili?on to h be5 a gateway4#aie #aie 7,sir7 ,basil ,?omson1 ,notes ^u ! ,antiquities ( ,tonga1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxii4 7#aijb7 pp4 #ha sq4 ,x is natural to comp>e ! trili?on ( ,tongataboo ) ! fam\s trili?ons ( ,/oneh5ge1 :i* x resembles 9 plan & to :i* x is comp>able 9 size4 ,! resemblance /ruck ,dr4 ,*>les ,=bes1 ! fir/ to publi% a description ( ! monum5t bas$ on p]sonal obs]vation4 ,he says3 ,! r\te we pursu$ l$ u ov] a c\ntry p]fectly level1 ) ! exception ( occasional m\nds ( e>?1 app>5tly artificial1 & rem9d+ "o v mu* ( ! b>r[s ( ,wilts & ,dorset1 :i* idea is /ill m /rongly impress$ ^u ! m9d on com+ 9 sight ( ! monum5t1 :i* be>s a mo/ /rik+ resemblance to ! l>g] gateway-look+ /ones at ,/oneh5ge4#aif ,b at ! same "t1 z ,dr4 ,=bes did n fail to note1 ! ,tongan trili?on diff]s 9 "s respects f ^? ( ,/oneh5ge4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! int]val 7t5 or twelve feet7 betwe5 ! uprights ( ! ,tongan trili?on appe>s to be mu* great] ?an ! int]val betwe5 ! uprights ( ! trili?ons at ,/oneh5ge4#aig ,9 ! second place1 ! cross-/one ( ! ,tongan trili?on is mortis$ mu* m deeply into ! uprights ?an are ! cross-/ones at ,/oneh5ge4 ,= :]eas at ,/oneh5ge ^! cross-/ones pres5t ! appe>ance ( be+ laid flat on ! top ( ! uprights1 ! cross-/one ( ! ,tongan trili?on is sunk deeply into ! uprights by means ( mortises or grooves ab\t two feet wide :i* are cut into ! uprights1 s t ! top ( ! cross-/one is ne>ly flu% ) _! tops1 :ile its ends also are ne>ly flu% ) _! outside surfaces4#aih #aif ,dr4 ,*>les ,=bes1 9 ,ar*aeologia1 xxxv4 p4 #dif4 #aig ,i h no measurem5ts ( ^! int]vals1 b write f ! impression ( a rec5t visit to ,/oneh5ge4 #aih 7,sir7 ,basil ,?omson1 ,notes ^u ! ,antiquities ( ,tonga1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxii4 7#aijb7 p4 #hb1 quot+ ! anonym\s pamphlet ,! ,wair>apa ,wild]ness4 ,z ! orig9 & purpose ( ,/oneh5ge are /ill unkn[n1 its massive trili?ons c h>dly be cit$ to expla9 ! simil> monum5t ( ,tongataboo4 ,! rival !ories :i* see 9 ,/oneh5ge a memorial ( ! dead & a temple ( ! sun#aii are equally applicable or inapplicable to ! ,tongan monum5t4 ,9 fav\r ( ! mortu>y "* ( ?is solit>y trili?on x might be urg$ t ! ,tongans 7 long accu/om$ to erect megali?ic monum5ts1 ?\gh ( a diff]5t type1 at ! tombs ( _! sacr$ k+s1 :i* are situat$ n _m miles away2 b aga9/ ?is view x may be argu$ t !re are no traces ( burial or graves 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood1 & t native tradition1 n lightly to be set aside1 assigns a diff]5t orig9 to ! monum5t4 ,aga9/ ! sol> int]pretation ( ! trili?on x may be alleg$1 fir/1 t ! monum5t faces nor? & s\?1 n ea/ & we/1 z x might be expect$ to d if x 7 a temple ( ! sun or a gateway lead+ into su* a temple2 second1 t1 :ile a circle ( trili?ons1 z at ,/oneh5ge1 ) an op5+ t[>ds ! sunrise may be plausibly int]pret$ z a temple ( ! sun1 su* an int]pretation _c s readily be appli$ to a solit>y trili?on fac+ nor? & s\?2 &1 ?ird1 t no trace ( sun-wor%ip has be5 discov]$ 9 ! ,tonga isl&s4 ,s f> z ,i h obs]v$1 ! ,tongan pan!on is n[h]e said to h includ$ a sun-god1 & ! ,tongans are n[h]e report$ to h paid any special respect to ! sun4 ,savages 9 g5]al1 x may be add$1 appe> to be v little addict$ to sun-wor%ip2 x is = ! mo/ "p among peoples at a mu* high] level ( culture1 su* z ! anci5t ,egyptians1 ,babylonians1 & ,p]uvians1 t sol> wor%ip becomes an important1 or ev5 ! pr$om9ant1 feature ( ! national fai?4#bjj ,p]haps ! impulse to x came r f ! m$itations ( prie/ly a/ronom]s ?an f ! r&om fancies ( common m54 ,"s dep? ( ?\ght 0 ne$$ to detect 9 ! sun ! s\rce ( all life on e>?2 ! immutable regul>ity ( ! great lum9>y's movem5ts fail$ to r\se ! int]e/ or to excite ! fe> ( ! savage1 to :om ! elem5ts ( ! unusual1 ! unc]ta91 & ! t]rible are ! pr9cipal inc5tives to wond] & awe1 & h5ce to reflexion4 ,we are all naturally m impress$ by extraord9>y ?an by ord9>y ev5ts2 ! f9e edge ( ! m9d is dull$ by famili>ity 9 ! "o case & :ett$ by curiosity 9 ! o!r4 #aii ,"l ,avebury1 ,prehi/oric ,times1 ,sev5? ,edition 7,london1 #aiac71 pp4 #acb sqq42 ,sir ,norman ,locky]1 ,/oneh5ge & o!r ,briti% ,/one ,monum5ts a/ronomically consid]$ 7,london1 #aijf72 ,c4 ,s*u*h>dt1 ,/oneh5ge1 ,zeits*rift fu] ,e?nologie1 xlii4 7#aiaj71 pp4 #ifc-ifh2 id4 9 ,zeits*rift fu] ,e?nologie1 xliii4 7#aiaa7 pp4 #afi-aga2 id41 9 ,sitzungsb]i*te d] ko5igl4 preuss4 ,akademie d] ,wiss5s*aft51 #aiac1 pp4 #gei sqq4 7= ! sepul*ral int]pretation72 ,w4 ,pa/or1 ,/oneh5ge1 ,zeits*rift fu] ,e?nologie1 xliii4 7#aiaa7 pp4 #afc-7;= ! sol> int]pretation74 #bjj ,adolph ,ba/ian obs]v$ t sun-wor%ip1 :i* p us$ to g sniff+ ab\t to discov] ev]y:]e1 is f\nd on ! contr>y only 9 v exceptional regions or on l(ty table-l&s ( equatorial latitude4 ,see 8 book1 ,die ,voelk] des ,oe/li*5 ,asi51 iv4 7,j5a1 #ahfh7 p4 #age4 ,nobody1 probably1 has ev] be5 bett] qualifi$ ?an ,ba/ian to pron\nce an op9ion on su* a subject2 = 8 k ( ! v>ieties ( human ?\ght & religion1 acquir$ bo? by read+ & travel1 0 imm5se4 ,x is only to be regrett$ t ?r\gh ha/e or neglig5ce he too (t5 gave out ! fruits ( 8 le>n+ 9 a =m :i* r5d]$ x difficult to sift & almo/ impossible to dige/ !m4 ,yet f 8 /oreh\se he br\ght =? a treasure1 ( :i* we may say :at ,macaulay said ( ! s*ol>%ip ( ,p>r1 t x 0 too (t5 buri$ 9 ! e>?1 too (t5 p>ad$ ) injudici\s & inelegant o/5tation1 b /ill preci\s1 massive1 & spl5did4 ,be>+ 9 m9d ! num]\s o!r /one monum5ts scatt]$ widely ov] ! isl&s ( ! ,pacific1 f ! ,c>ol9es to ,ea/] ,isl&1 ,dr4 ,guillem>d concludes t "s race1 ) a diff]5t1 if n a high] civilisation prec$$ ! ,polynesian race 9 its pres5t homes1 & to ?is e>li] race he w\ld app>5tly ref] ! erection ( ! trili?on 9 ,tongataboo4#bja ,he may be "r4 ,yet :5 we consid]1 fir/1 ! native tradition ( ! sett+ up ( ! trili?on by "o ( ! sacr$ k+s ( ,tonga2 second1 ! practice ( ! ,tongans ( build+ megali?ic tombs = ^! same sacr$ k+s2 &1 ?ird1 ! =m] exi/5ce 9 ,tonga ( a pr(essional class ( masons ^: bus9ess x 0 to con/ruct /one vaults = ! burial ( *iefs1#bjb we may hesitate to resort to ! hypo!sis ( an unkn[n p 9 ord] to expla9 ! orig9 ( a monum5t :i* ! ,tongans1 z we "k !m1 appe> to h be5 q capable ( build+ = !mselves4 #bja ,f4 ,h4 ,h4 ,guillem>d1 ,au/ralasia1 ii4 #ejj4 #bjb ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #bff4 ,sec4 #aa4 ,rites ( ,burial & ,m\rn+ ,! only mode ( dispos+ ( ! dead :i* 0 practis$ 9 ! ,tonga isl&s seems to h be5 burial 9 ! e>?4 ,s f> z appe>s1 ! corpse 0 n d\bl$ up1 b laid at full l5g? 9 ! grave2 at all ev5ts ,i h met ) no m5tion ( bury+ a corpse 9 a contract$ po/ure2 & ,capta9 ,cook says t :5 a p]son dies1 he is buri$1 aft] be+ wrapp$ up 9 mats & clo?1 mu* aft] our mann]4 ,he adds t1 :ile *iefs _h ! special burial-places call$ fiatookas appropriat$ to _! use1 common p 7 int]r$ 9 no p>ticul> spot4#bjc ,s f> z ,i h obs]v$1 none ( our au?orities speak ( a practice ( embalm+ ! dead or ( giv+ ! bodies any p>ticul> direction 9 ! grave4 #bjc ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #dba4 ,aft] a dea? ! m\rn]s te/ifi$ _! sorr[ by dress+ 9 old ragg$ mats & we>+ gre5 leaves ( ! ifi tree r\nd _! necks4 ,?us attir$ !y w\ld repair to ! tomb1 :]e1 on ent]+ ! enclosure1 !y w\ld pull (f ! gre5 twigs f _! necks & ?r[ !m away2 !n sitt+ d[n !y w\ld solemnly dr9k kava4#bjd ,fur!r1 !y accompani$ _! cries & ejaculations ( grief & despair by inflict+ on _! own bodies _m griev\s w\nds & injuries4 ,!y burn$ circles & sc>s on _! bodies1 beat _! tee? ) /ones1 /ruck %>k's tee? into _! heads till ! blood fl[$ 9 /reams1 & ?ru/ spe>s into ! inn] "p ( ! ?igh1 into _! sides bel[ ! arm-pits1 & ?r\gh ! *eeks into ! m\?4#bje ,wom5 9 wail+ w\ld cut (f _! f+]s1 & slit _! noses1 _! e>s1 & _! *eeks4#bjf ,at ! fun]als ( ! k+s especially ! m\rn]s indulg$ 9 frantic excesses ( self-torture & mutilation4 ,( two su* fun]als we h ! detail$ descriptions ( eye-witnesses :o resid$ 9 ! isl&s at a "t :5 ! natives 7 z yet practically unaffect$ by ,european influ5ce4 ,k+ ,moomooe di$ 9 ,april #agig1 & ! fir/ mission>ies to ,tonga witness$ & describ$ 8 fun]al4 ,!y h told h[1 :5 ! corpse 0 be+ c>ri$ 9 procession to a tempor>y h\se ne> ! royal burial-gr\nd 7fiatooka71 x 0 prec$$ by relatives ( ! deceas$ 9 ! usual m\rn+ g>b1 :o cut _! heads ) %>k's tee? till ! blood /ream$ d[n _! faces4 ,a few days lat]1 :5 ! burial 0 to take place1 ! mission>ies f\nd ab\t f\r ?\s& p assembl$ at ! m\nd :]e ! body 0 to be int]r$4 ,9 a few m9utes !y he>d a great %\t+ & bl[+ ( con*-%ells1 & soon aft] !re appe>$ ab\t a hundr$ m51 arm$ ) clubs & spe>s1 :o1 ru%+ into ! area1 began to cut & mangle !mselves 9 a mo/ dreadful mann]4 ,_m /ruck _! heads su* viol5t bl[s ) _! clubs t ! s\nd c\ld be he>d ?irty or =ty y>ds (f1 & !y repeat$ !m till ! blood ran d[n 9 /reams4 ,o!rs1 :o _h spe>s1 ?ru/ !m ?r\gh _! ?ighs1 arms1 & *eeks1 all ! :ile call+ on ! deceas$ 9 a mo/ affect+ mann]4 ,a native ( ,fiji1 :o _h be5 a s]vant ( ! late k+1 appe>$ q frantic2 he ent]$ ! area ) fire 9 8 h&1 & hav+ previ\sly oil$ 8 hair1 he set x ablaze1 & ran ab\t ) x all on flame4 ,:5 !y _h satisfi$ or exhau/$ !mselves ) ?is mann] ( torm5t1 !y sat d[n1 beat _! faces ) _! fi/s1 & !n retir$4 ,a second p>ty !n inflict$ on !mselves ! same cruelties4 ,a ?ird p>ty next ent]$1 %\t+ & bl[+ %ells2 f\r ( ! =emo/ held /ones1 :i* !y us$ to knock out _! tee?1 :ile ^? :o blew ! %ells employ$ !m z knives ) :i* !y hack$ _! heads 9 a %ock+ mann]4 ,a man :o _h a spe> pi]c$ 8 arm ) x j above ! elb[1 & ) x /ick+ fa/ 9 8 fle% ran ab\t ! area = "s "t4 ,ano!r1 :o seem$ to be a pr9cipal *ief1 act$ z if q b]eft ( 8 s5ses2 he ran to e corn] ( ! area1 & at ea* /ation beat 8 head ) a club till ! blood fl[$ d[n on 8 %\ld]s4 ,at ?is po9t ! mission>y1 unable to be> ! sight ( ^! self-inflict$ tortures1 quitt$ ! sc5e4 ,:5 8 colleagues visit$ ! place "s h\rs lat] 9 ! aft]noon1 !y f\nd ! natives ( bo? sexes /ill at ! dreadful "w ( cutt+ & mangl+ !mselves4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ^! proce$+s a p>ty ( m\rn]s ent]$ ! area1 sixte5 ( :om _h rec5tly cut (f _! little f+]s4 ,!y 7 foll[$ by ano!r p>ty ) clubs & spe>s1 :o batt]$ & w\nd$ !mselves 9 ! usual fa%ion1 & also disfigur$ _! faces ) coco-nut husks1 :i* !y _h fa/5$ to ! knuckles ( bo? h&s4 ,! mission>ies notic$ t ! m\rn]s :o 7 ei!r relat$ to ! dead k+ or _h held (fice "u him1 7 ! mo/ cruel to !mselves2 "s ( !m ?ru/ two1 ?ree1 & ev5 f\r spe>s into _! arms1 & s danc$ r\nd ! area1 :ile o!rs broke (f ! spe>-heads 9 _! fle%4#bjg #bjd ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #cde sq4 ,z to ! m\rn+ co/ume ( mats & leaves1 see also ,capta9 ,james ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 p4 #bdj2 ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #chj1 #cib1 #dca1 ii4 #bad sq4 #bje ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages v4 #dbj4 #bjf ,j]ome ,grange1 9 ,annales de la ,propagation de la ,foi1 xvii4 7#ahde7 p4 #ac4 #bjg ,capta9 ,james ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 pp4 #bdb-bdd4 ,simil> sc5es 7 witness$ "s ye>s lat] by ,m>9] at ! dea? & burial ( ,f9[1 ano!r k+ ( ,tonga2 & ! ,engli%man has describ$ f p]sonal obs]vation h[ on ?is occasion ! m\rn]s cut & w\nd$ _! heads & bodies ) clubs1 /ones1 knives1 or %>p %ells4 ,?is !y did on "o or o!r ( ! malais#bjh or c]emonial gr\nds 9 ! pres5ce ( _m spectators1 vy+ app>5tly ) ea* o!r 9 ! ef=t to surpass ! re/ 9 ?is public manife/ation ( _! sorr[ = ! dea? ( ! k+ & _! respect = 8 memory4 ,z "o ran out into ! middle ( ! gr\nd he w\ld cry1 ,f9[6 ,i "k well y\r m9d2 y h dep>t$ to ,bolotoo1 & left y\r p "u suspicion t ,i1 or "s ( ^? ab\t y1 7 unfai?ful2 b :]e is ! pro( ( infidelity8 :]e is a s+le in/ance ( disrespect8 ,!n1 inflict+ viol5t bl[s & deep cuts on 8 head ) a club1 /one1 or knife1 he w\ld aga9 exclaim at int]vals1 ,is ?is n a pro( ( my fidelity8 does ?is n ev9ce loyalty & atta*m5t to ! memory ( ! dep>t$ w>rior8 ,"s m viol5t ?an o!rs cut _! heads to ! skull ) su* heavy & repeat$ bl[s t !y reel$ & lo/ _! reason = a "t4#bji ,! k+'s successor1 ,f9[ ! ,second1 n cont5t ) ! usual in/rum5ts ( torture1 employ$ a saw = ! purpose1 /rik+ 8 skull ) ! tee? s viol5tly t he /agg]$ = loss ( blood2 b ?is he did1 n at ! "t ( ! burial & 9 pres5ce ( ! multitude1 b "s weeks lat] at a m private c]emony ( m\rn+ be=e ! grave4#baj ,at ! public c]emony ! late k+'s fi%]m5 v>i$ ! usual break+ ( heads & sla%+ ( bodies by a peculi> =m ( self-torm5t4 ,in/ead ( clubs !y appropriately c>ri$ ! paddles ( canoes1 ) :i* !y batt]$ _! heads 9 ! or?odox /yle2 b besides e man ( !m _h ?ree arr[s /uck ?r\gh ea* *eek 9 a slant+ direction1 s t1 :ile ! po9ts pi]c$ ?r\gh ! *eeks into ! m\?1 ! o!r ends w5t ov] ! %\ld] & 7 kept 9 position by ano!r arr[1 ! po9t ( :i* 0 ti$ to ! ends ( ! arr[s pass+ ov] "o %\ld]1 :ile ! o!r end 0 ti$ to ! ends ( ! o!r arr[s :i* pass$ ov] ! o!r %\ld]4 ,?us ea* fi%]man 0 decorat$ ) a triangle ( arr[s1 ( :i* ! apex consi/$ ( six arr[-heads 9 8 m\?1 :ile ! base dangl$ on 8 back4 ,) ?is rem>kable equipm5t !y walk$ r\nd ! grave1 beat+ _! faces & heads ) _! paddles1 or p9*+ up ! sk9 ( ! brea/ & /ick+ a spe> "r ?r\gh x4#baa #bjh ,m>9] def9es a malai z a piece ( gr\nd1 g5]ally be=e a l>ge h\se1 or *ief's grave1 :]e public c]emonies are pr9cipally held 7,tonga ,isl&s1 vol4 ii41 ,vocabul>y s4v474 ,x is ! same ^w z malae or m>ae1 notic$ above1 p4 #aaf1 note#c4 #bji ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #cgi-chd4 #baj ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 i4 #ddj-ddb4 #baa ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #djd sq4 ,! grave ( a *ief's family 0 a vault pav$ ) a s+le l>ge /one1 :ile ! f\r walls 7 =m$ ea* ( a s+le block4 ,! vault 0 ab\t eight feet long1 six feet broad1 & eight feet deep1 & 0 cov]$ at ! top by "o l>ge /one4#bab ,s heavy 0 ?is cov]+ /one t1 z we h se51 f a hundr$ & fifty to two hundr$ m5 7 requir$ to lift & l[] x4#bac ,m>9] e/imat$ t ! family vault 9 :i* ,k+ ,f9[ 0 int]r$ 0 l>ge en\gh to hold ?irty bodies4 ,:5 ! k+'s corpse 0 be+ deposit$ 9 x1 ,m>9] saw two dry & p]fectly pres]v$ bodies ly+ 9 ! vault1 toge!r ) ! bones ( sev]al o!rs2 & he 0 told by old m5 t ! well-pres]v$ bodies _h be5 buri$ :5 !y1 8 in=mants1 7 boys1 :i* mu/ h be5 upw>ds ( =ty ye>s be=e2 :]eas ! bodies ( :i* no?+ b ! bones rema9$ _h be5 buri$ lat]4 ,! natives attribut$ ! exceptional pres]vation ( ! two to ! bett] con/itution ( _! =m] own]s2 ,m>9]1 or m probably 8 editor1 ,dr4 ,m>t91 pref]r$ to suppose t ! diff]5ce 0 due to ! k9d or duration ( ! disease :i* _h c>ri$ !m (f4 ,app>5tly ! natives did n sugge/ t ! bodies _h be5 embalm$1 :i* !y w\ld almo/ c]ta9ly h done if !y _h kn[n ( su* a cu/om4#bad ,no soon] 0 ! k+'s body deposit$ 9 ! grave1 & ! great /one l[]$ ov] x1 ?an c]ta9 m9i/]s 7matabooles7 & w>riors ran l m5 frantic r\nd & r\nd ! burial-gr\nd1 exclaim+1 ,alas6 h[ great is our loss6 ,f9[6 y are dep>t$2 witness ?is pro( ( our love & loyalty6 ,at ! same "t !y cut & bruis$ _! own heads ) clubs1 knives1 & axes 9 ! usual fa%ion4#bae ,aft]w>ds ! grave 0 fill$ up ) e>? & /rew$ ) s&1 :i* a company ( wom5 & m5 _h br\ght = ! purpose 9 baskets f a place at ! back ( ! isl&2 :at rema9$ ( ! s& 0 scatt]$ ov] ! sepul*ral m\nd 7fytoca71 ( :i* x 0 deem$ a great embelli%m5t4 ,! inside ( ! burial-gr\nd 0 !n spread ) mats made ( coco-nut leaves4#baf #bab ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 i4 #add note 994 #bac ,see above1 p4 #aje4 #bad ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 i4 #chh note 994 #bae ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 i4 #chh sq4 #baf ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 i4 #chi-cib4 ,meantime ! company ( m\rn]s _h be5 seat$ on ! gre5 be=e ! burial-gr\nd1 /ill we>+ _! m\rn+ g>b ( mats1 ) leaves ( ! ifi tree /rung r\nd _! necks4 ,!y n[ arose & w5t to _! homes1 :]e !y %av$ _! heads & burnt _! *eeks ) a light$ roll ( b>k-clo?1 by apply+ x once ^u ea* *eek-bone2 next !y rubb$ ! place ) an a/r+5t b]ry1 :i* caus$ x to ble$1 & aft]w>ds !y sme>$ ! blood 9 a broad circle r\nd ! w\nd1 giv+ !mselves a v gha/ly appe>ance4 ,!y repeat$ ?is friction ) ! b]ry e day1 mak+ ! w\nd ble$ afre%2 & ! m5 mean:ile neglect$ to %ave & to oil !mselves dur+ ! day1 ?\gh !y indulg$ 9 ^! com=ts at night4 ,hav+ burnt _! *eeks & %av$ _! heads1 !y built = !mselves small tempor>y huts1 :]e !y liv$ dur+ ! "t ( m\rn+1 :i* la/$ tw5ty days4#bag #bag ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 i4 #cib sq4 ,! wom5 :o _h become taboo$1 t is1 9 a /ate ( c]emonial pollution1 by t\*+ ! k+'s dead body1 rema9$ con/antly )9 ! burial-gr\nd = ! tw5ty days ( m\rn+1 except :5 !y retir$ to "o ( ! tempor>y huts to eat1#bah or r to be f$ by o!rs4 ,= x 0 a rule t no ord9>y p]son1 man or woman1 c\ld t\* a dead *ief )\t be+ taboo$1 t is c]emonially pollut$1 = t5 lun> mon?s1 dur+ :i* "t he or %e might n t\* food ) _! own h&s4 ,b = *iefs ! p]iod ( pollution 0 limit$ to ?ree1 f\r1 or five mon?s1 accord+ to ! sup]iority ( ! dead *ief4 ,only :5 ! dead body :i* !y _h t\*$ 0 t ( ! sacr$ *ief1 ! ,tooitonga1 !y 7 all taboo$ = t5 mon?s1 h[ev] high _! rank2 = example1 ! k+'s wife 0 taboo$ = t l5g? ( "t dur+ ! resid5ce ( ,m>9]1 because %e _h t\*$ ! dead body ( ! ,tooitonga4 ,dur+ ! "t t a p]son 0 taboo$1 he might n fe$ himself ) 8 own h&s1 b mu/ be f$ by somebody else3 he might n ev5 use a too?pick himself1 b might guide ano!r p]son's h& hold+ ! too?pick4 ,if he 0 hungry & _h no "o to fe$ him1 he mu/ g d[n on 8 h&s & knees1 & pick up 8 victuals ) 8 m\?2 & if he infr+$ any ( ^! rules1 x 0 firmly expect$ t he w\ld swell up & die4#bai ,capta9 ,cook obs]v$ ?is cu/om 9 op]ation at ,tongataboo4 ,on "o ( 8 walks he met ) a p>ty ( wom5 at supp]1 & notic$ t two ( !m 7 be+ f$ by o!rs4 ,on ask+ ! reason1 he 0 answ]$ taboo mattee1 t is1 ,dea? taboo4 ,x 0 expla9$ to him t "o ( ! wom5 _h wa%$ ! dead body ( a *ief two mon?s be=e1 & t consequ5tly %e might n h&le any food = five mon?s4 ,! o!r _h p]=m$ ! same (fice = ! corpse ( ano!r p]son ( inf]ior rank1 & 0 n[ "u ! same re/riction1 b n = s long a "t4#bbj ,! taboo$ wom5 at ,f9['s grave 7 suppli$ ) food by ! new k+1 ,f9[ ! ,second4 ,! food 0 br\ght & plac$ on ! gr\nd at "s di/ance f ! grave1 or else x 0 deposit$ be=e ! tempor>y h\se to :i* ! *ief ( ! taboo$ wom5 retir$ to be f$4 ,) ! provisions 0 also s5t e day a supply ( tor*es to light up ! burial-gr\nd by night4 ,! tor*es 7 held up by a woman ( inf]ior rank1 :o1 :5 %e 0 tir$1 0 reliev$ 9 h] (fice by ano!r4 ,dur+ ! tw5ty days ( m\rn+1 if any "o pass$ ! burial-gr\nd1 he _h to g at a sl[ pace1 ) 8 head b[$ d[n1 & 8 h&s clasp$ be=e him2 & if he c>ri$ a burd51 he mu/ l[] x f 8 %\ld] & c>ry x 9 8 h&s or on 8 b5d$ arms2 b if he c\ld n d s conv5i5tly1 he _h to make a circuit to avoid ! grave4 #bah ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 i4 #cic4 #bai ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 i4 #ada note 994 #bbj ,capta9 ,james ,cook1 ,voyages1 v4 #ccf4 ,! writ] does n translate ! expression taboo mattee2 b mate is ! regul> ,tongan ^w = dea? or to die4 ,see ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ,vocabul>y1 s4v4 ,mate4 ,comp>e ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 p4 #bbh1 s4v4 ,mate4 ,su* 7 ! regul> obs]vances at ! dea? & burial ( *iefs2 !y 7 n peculi> to ! obsequies ( ,f9[ ! k+4#bba #bba ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #cid sq4 ,! tw5tie? day ( m\rn+ conclud$ ! c]emonies 9 hon\r ( ! deceas$ mon>*4 ,e>ly 9 ! morn+ all 8 relations1 toge!r ) ! memb]s ( 8 h\sehold1 & also ! wom5 :o 7 taboo$ on acc\nt ( hav+ t\*$ 8 dead body 9 ! process ( oil+ & prep>+ x1 w5t to ! back ( ! isl& to procure a quantity ( flat pebbles1 pr9cipally :ite1 b a few black1 :i* !y br\ght back 9 baskets to ! grave4 ,!re !y /rew$ ! inside ( ! h\se & ! outside ( ! burial-gr\nd 7fytoca7 ) ! :ite pebbles z a decoration2 ! black pebbles !y laid only on ! top ( ^? :ite ones :i* cov]$ ! gr\nd directly ov] ! body1 to ab\t ! l5g? & bread? ( a man1 9 ! =m ( a v ecc5tric ellipse4 ,aft] t1 ! h\se on ! burial m\nd 0 clos$ up at bo? ends ) a re$ f5c+1 :i* rea*$ f ! eaves to ! gr\nd2 :ile at ! front & ! back ! h\se 0 clos$ ) a sort ( basket-"w1 made ( ! "y bran*es ( ! coco-nut tree1 split & int]wov5 9 a v curi\s & ornam5tal way4 ,^! f5ces 7 to rema9 until ! next burial1 :5 !y w\ld be tak5 d[n &1 aft] ! conclusion ( ! c]emony1 replac$ by new ones ( simil> patt]n4 ,a l>ge quantity ( food & kava 0 n[ s5t by ! *iefs & ! k+ to ! public place 7malai7 9 front ( ! burial m\nd1 & ^! provisions 7 s]v$ out among ! p 9 ! usual way4 ,! company !n sep>at$ & repair$ to _! respective h\ses1 to prep>e = ! dances & ! gr& wre/l+-mat*1 :i* 7 to conclude ! fun]al rites4#bbb #bbb ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 i4 #dja-djc4 ,dur+ ! int]vals ( ! dances1 :i* foll[$1 sev]al w>riors & m9i/]s 7matabooles7 ran be=e ! grave1 cutt+ & bruis+ _! heads ) axes1 clubs1 & s =? z pro(s ( fidelity to _! late *ief1 ! dead & buri$ ,k+ ,f9[4 ,x 0 on ?is occasion t ! deceas$ k+'s fi%]m5 demon/rat$ _! loyalty & atta*m5t to 8 memory by ! self-inflict$ tortures :i* ,i h already describ$4#bbc ,:5 ^! exhibitions ( cruelty 7 ov]1 ! day's c]emonies1 :i* altoge!r la/$ ab\t six h\rs1 7 t]m9at$ by a gr& wre/l+-mat*4 ,t be+ ov]1 ! p disp]s$ to _! respective h\ses or occupations1 & ! obsequies ( ,f9[1 k+ ( ! ,tonga isl&s1 came to an end4#bbd #bbc ,above1 pp4 #ace sq4 #bbd ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #djc-dje4 ,! wre/l+-mat* :i* w\nd up ! fun]al hon\rs paid to ! dep>t$ mon>* w\ld seem n to h be5 an isolat$ case ( a?letic sports held at ?is p>ticul> fun]al4 ,app>5tly x 0 a g5]al cu/om 9 ,tonga to conclude burial-rites ) games ( ?is k9d4 ,at lea/ we may inf] z mu* f an expression made use ( by ! fir/ mission>ies to ,tongataboo4 ,!y say t ! *ief ( _! di/rict1 aft] tak+ to himself a wife 9 ! morn+ w5t 9 ! aft]noon to f9i% ! fun]al c]emonies = 8 bro!r1 9 celebrat+ ! games usual on t occasion4#bbe ,! practice1 :i* is apt to seem to u incongru\s1 ( hold+ games at a fun]al1 0 obs]v$ by ! ,greeks 9 antiquity & by n a few o!r peoples 9 mod]n times4#bbf #bbe ,capta9 ,james ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 p4 #bfe4 #bbf ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 ,"p ,,iii41 ,! ,dy+ ,god1 pp4 #ib sqq4 ,on ! o!r h& ! obsequies ( ! sacr$ or div9e *ief1 ! ,tooitonga1 diff]$ 9 c]ta9 rem>kable p>ticul>s f ! po/hum\s hon\rs g5]ally paid to *iefs4 ,x is true t 8 burial-place 0 ( ! same =m z t ( o!r *iefs1 & t ! mode ( 8 int]m5t did n diff] ess5tially f !irs1 except t x 0 cu/om>y to deposit "s ( 8 mo/ valuable prop]ty ) him 9 ! grave1 includ+ 8 beads1 :ale's tee?1 f9e ,samoan mats1 & o!r articles4 ,h5ce ! family bury+-place ( ! ,tooitongas 9 ! isl& ( ,tongataboo1 :]e ! :ole l9e ( ^! pontiffs _h be5 int]r$1 mu/ h become v ri* 9 ! c\rse ( "t2 = no native w\ld d>e to commit ! sacrilege ( /eal+ ! treasures at ! holy tomb4#bbg ,h[ev]1 ! sacrifice ( prop]ty to ! dead seems n to h be51 z ,m>9] suppos$1 peculi> to ! fun]al ( ! ,tooitonga2 = at ! burial ( ,k+ ,moomooe1 9 ,may #agig1 ! fir/ mission>ies saw files ( wom5 & m5 br++ bags ( valuable articles1 f9e mats1 & bales ( clo?1 :i* !y deposit$ 9 ! tomb expressly z a pres5t = ! dead4#bbh ,aga91 ! m\rn+ co/ume worn = ! ,tooitonga 0 ! same z t = any *ief1 consi/+ ( ragg$ old mats on ! body & leaves ( ! ifi tree r\nd ! neck2 b 9 ! case ( ! ,tooitonga ! "t ( m\rn+ 0 ext5d$ to f\r mon?s1 ! mats be+ g5]ally left (f aft] ?ree mon?s1 :ile ! leaves 7 /ill reta9$ = ano!r mon?2 & ! female m\rn]s rema9$ )9 ! burial-gr\nd 7fytoca1 fiatooka7 = ab\t two mon?s1 in/ead ( tw5ty days1 only retir+ occasionally to tempor>y h\ses 9 ! neighb\rhood to eat or = o!r necess>y purposes4#bbi #bbg ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #bac sq4 #bbh ,capta9 ,james ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 p4 #bdc4 #bbi ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #bad sq4 ,"o v rem>kable peculi>ity 9 ! m\rn+ = a ,tooitonga 0 t1 ?\gh he rank$ above ! k+ & all o!r *iefs1 ! m\rn]s /rictly ab/a9$ f manife/+ _! grief by w\nd+ _! heads & cutt+ _! bodies 9 ! mann] t 0 cu/om>y at ! fun]als ( all o!r great m54 ,m>9] 0 nev] able to le>n ! reason = ?is ab/5tion4#bcj #bcj ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #bac4 ,o!r peculi> features 9 ! obsequies ( a ,tooitonga 7 ! foll[+4 ,9 ! aft]noon ( ! day ( burial1 :5 ! body ( ! ,tooitonga 0 already )9 ! burial-gr\nd1 almo/ e man1 woman1 & *ild1 all dress$ 9 ! usual m\rn+ g>b1 & all provid$ ) tor*es1 us$ to sit d[n ab\t eighty y>ds f ! grave2 9 ! c\rse ( an h\r a multitude ( sev]al ?\s&s w\ld ?us assemble4 ,"o ( ! female m\rn]s w\ld !n come =? f ! burial-gr\nd & call out to ! p1 say+1 ,arise ye1 & approa*2 :]eupon ! p w\ld get up1 & advanc+ ab\t =ty y>ds w\ld aga9 sit d[n4 ,two m5 beh9d ! grave n[ began to bl[ con*-%ells1 & six o!rs1 ) l>ge light$ tor*es1 ab\t six feet high1 advanc$ f beh9d ! burial-gr\nd1 desc5d$ ! m\nd1 & walk$ 9 s+le file sev]al times betwe5 ! burial-gr\nd & ! p1 wav+ _! flam+ tor*es 9 ! air4 ,aft] t !y began to asc5d ! m\nd1 :]eupon all ! p rose up toge!r & made a l\d cra%+ noise by snapp+ _! bolatas1 :i* 7 pieces ( ! /em ( a banana tree us$ to receive ! a%es fall+ f light$ tor*es4 ,hav+ done s1 ! p foll[$ ! tor*-be>]s 9 s+le file up ! m\nd & walk$ 9 procession r\nd ab\t ! tomb 7fytoca74 ,z !y pass$ at ! back ( ! tomb1 !y all1 tor*-be>]s & p1 deposit$ _! ext+ui%$ tor*es on ! gr\nd2 :ile ! female m\rn]s )9 ?ank$ !m = provid+ ^! ?+s4 ,hav+ ?us m>*$ r\nd1 ! p return$ to _! places & sat d[n4 ,!reupon ! ma/] ( ! c]emonies came =w>d & ord]$ !m to divide !mselves into p>ties accord+ to _! di/ricts2 :i* be+ done he assign$ to "o p>ty ! duty ( cle>+ away ! bu%es & grass f "o side ( ! grave1 & to ano!r p>ty a simil> task 9 reg>d to ano!r side ( ! grave1 :ile a ?ird p>ty 0 *>g$ to remove rubbi%1 & s =?4 ,9 ?is way ! :ole neighb\rhood ( ! burial-gr\nd 0 soon cle>$1 & :5 ?is 0 done1 all ! p return$ to ! tempor>y h\ses :i*1 z m\rn]s1 !y 7 b\nd to occupy4#bca #bca ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #bae-bag4 ,soon aft] d>kness _h fall51 c]ta9 p]sons /ation$ at ! grave began aga9 to s\nd ! con*es1 :ile o!rs *ant$ a song1 or r recitative1 p>tly 9 ! ,samoan dialect1 p>tly 9 an unkn[n language1 ( :i* ! natives c\ld give no acc\nt4 ,none ( !m und]/ood ! words1 nor c\ld !y expla9 h[ _! =efa!rs came to le>n !m4 ,all t !y knew 0 t ! words _h be5 h&$ d[n f fa!r to son among ! class ( p ^: bus9ess x 0 to direct burial c]emonies4 ,accord+ to ,m>9]1 "s ( ! words 7 ,tongan1 & he ?\ght t ! language 0 probably an old or corrupt =m ( ,tongan1 ?\gh he c\ld make no s5se out ( x4 ,su* traditional repetition ( a litany 9 an unkn[n tongue is n uncommon among savages2 x occurs1 = in/ance1 v frequ5tly among "s ( ! aborig9al tribes ( ,au/ralia1 :]e ! *ants or recitatives accompany+ c]ta9 dances or c]emonies are (t5 pass$ on f "o tribe to ano!r1 ! memb]s ( :i* p]=m ! borr[$ dance or c]emony & repeat by rote ! borr[$ *ants or recitatives )\t und]/&+ a ^w ( !m4#bcb #bcb ,w4 ,e4 ,ro?1 ,e?nological ,/udies among ! ,nor?-we/-c5tral ,que5sl& ,aborig9es 7,brisbane & ,london1 #ahig71 pp4 #aag sq42 7,sir7 ,baldw9 ,sp5c] & ,f4 ,j4 ,gill51 ,nor!rn ,tribes ( ,c5tral ,au/ralia 7,london1 #aijd71 pp4 #bcd1 #bce2 id41 ,native ,tribes ( ,c5tral ,au/ralia 7,london1 #ahii71 p4 #bha note2 id41 ,across ,au/ralia 7,london1 #aiab71 i4 #bdd4 ,:ile ! con*es 7 s\nd+ & ! voices ( ! s+]s broke ! sil5ce ( night1 ab\t sixty m5 assembl$ be=e ! grave1 :]e !y await$ fur!r ord]s4 ,:5 ! *ant+ 0 ov]1 & ! notes ( ! con*es _h ceas$ to s\nd1 "o ( ! wom5 m\rn]s came =w>d1 & sitt+ d[n outside ! gravey>d address$ ! m5 ?us3 ,m56 ye are ga!r$ "h to p]=m ! duty impos$ on y2 be> up1 & let n y\r ex]tions be want+ to accompli% ! "w4 ,) ^! words %e retir$ into ! burial-gr\nd4 ,! m5 n[ approa*$ ! m\nd 9 ! d>k1 &1 9 ! words ( ,m>9]1 or 8 editor1 p]=m$ _! devotions to ,cloac9a1 aft] :i* !y )drew4 ,z soon z x 0 daylight ! next morn+1 ! wom5 ( ! fir/ rank1 wives & daught]s ( ! greate/ *iefs1 assembl$ ) _! female att5dants1 br++ baskets & %ells :]e) to cle> up ! deposit ( ! prec$+ night2 & 9 ?is c]emoni\s act ( humility no lady ( ! highe/ rank refus$ to take h] "p4 ,"s ( ! m\rn]s 9 ! burial-gr\nd g5]ally came out to assi/1 s t 9 a v little :ile ! place 0 made p]fectly clean4 ,?is deposit 0 repeat$ ! f\rte5 foll[+ nights1 & z punctually cle>$ away by sunrise e morn+4 ,no p]sons b ! ag5ts 7 all[$ to be witnesses ( ^! extraord9>y c]emonies2 at lea/ x w\ld h be5 consid]$ highly indecor\s & irreligi\s to pry ^u !m4 ,on ! sixte5? day1 e>ly 9 ! morn+1 ! same wom5 aga9 assembl$1 b n[ !y 7 dress$ 9 ! f9e/ b>k-clo? & beautiful ,samoan mats1 decorat$ ) ribbons & ) wrea?s ( fl[]s r\nd _! necks2 !y also br\ght new baskets1 ornam5t$ ) fl[]s1 & little brooms v ta/efully made4 ,?us equipp$1 !y approa*$ & act$ z if !y _h ! same task to p]=m z be=e1 pret5d+ to cle> up ! dirt1 & to take x away 9 _! baskets1 ?\gh !re 0 no dirt to remove4 ,!n !y return$ to ! capital & resum$ _! m\rn+ dress ( mats & leaves4 ,su* 7 ! rites p]=m$ dur+ ! fifte5 days2 e day ! c]emony ( ! burn+ tor*es 0 also repeat$4#bcc #bcc ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #bag-bai4 ,= "o mon? f ! day ( burial1 great] or less quantities ( provisions 7 br\ght e day & %>$ out to ! p4 ,on ! fir/ day ! quantity suppli$ 0 prodigi\s2 b day by day ! supply gradually dim9i%$ till on ! la/ day x 0 r$uc$ to v little4#bcd ,nev]!less ! consumption or wa/e ( food on su* occasions 0 s great t to gu>d aga9/ a future de>? ( provisions x 0 deem$ necess>y to lay a prohibition or taboo on ! eat+ ( hogs1 f[ls1 & coco-nuts = a p]iod ( eight or t5 mon?s1 ?\gh two or ?ree plantations 7 exempt$ f ?is rigor\s emb>go1 to ! end t 9 ! meantime hogs1 f[ls1 & coco-nuts might be furni%$ = occasional religi\s rites1 & t ! high] ord] ( *iefs might be able to p>take ( ^! victuals4 ,at ! end ( ! eight or t5 mon?s' fa/ ! taboo 0 remov$ & p]mission to eat ( ! =bidd5 foods 0 grant$ by ! k+ at a solemn c]emony4 ,imm5se quantities ( yams hav+ be5 collect$ & pil$ up 9 columns1 & "s ?ree or f\r hundr$ hogs hav+ be5 kill$1 ! p assembl$ f all qu>t]s at ! k+'s malai or public place4 ,( ! slaught]$ hogs ab\t tw5ty 7 deposit$1 along ) a l>ge quantity ( yams1 at ! grave ( ! deceas$ ,tooitonga4 ,! re/ ( ! provisions 7 %>$ out 9 def9ite proportions among ! gods1 ! k+1 ! div9e *ief 7! liv+ ,tooitonga71 ! inf]ior *iefs1 & ! p1 s t e man 9 ! isl& ( ,tongataboo got at lea/ a m\?ful ( pork & yam4 ,! c]emony conclud$ ) danc+1 wre/l+1 & o!r sports1 aft] :i* e p]son retir$ to 8 home ) 8 portion ( food to %>e x ) 8 family4 ,! hogs & yams deposit$ at ! dead ,tooitonga's grave 7 left ly+ till ! pork /ank & ! yams 7 rott51 :]eupon ! liv+ ,tooitonga ord]$ t !y %\ld be di/ribut$ to all :o *ose to apply = a portion4 ,9 /rict law !y belong$ to ! pr9cipal *iefs1 b z ^! p]sons 7 accu/om$ to fe$ on meat 9 a r less advanc$ /age ( decomposition !y k9dly waiv$ _! claims to ! putrid pork & rott5 yams 9 fav\r ( ! l[] ord]s1 :o 7 less nice 9 _! eat+4#bce #bcd ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 ii4 #bbj4 #bce ,w4 ,m>9]1 ,tonga ,isl&s1 i4 #aab sq41 #abj-abf1 ii4 #bbj4 ,x 0 cu/om>y t ! *ief wid[ ( ! ,tooitonga %\ld be /rangl$ & int]r$ ) 8 dead body4#bcf ,b ! practice ( /rangl+ a wife at h] husb&'s fun]al 0 n limit$ to ! wid[s ( ! ,tooitongas4 ,a simil> sacrifice seems to h be5 =m]ly (f]$ at ! obsequies ( a k+2 = at ! fun]al ( ,k+ ,moomoeoe ! fir/ mission>ies to ,tonga saw two ( ! k+'s wid[s be+ l$ away to be /rangl$4#bcg #bcf ,w4 ,m>9]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #ace1 #bji sq41 #bad4 #bcg ,capta9 ,james ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 p4 #bdj4 ,! fun]al & m\rn+ cu/oms :i* we h pass$ 9 review s]ve to illu/rate ! ,tongan conceptions ( ! s\l & ( its survival aft] dea?4 ,! /rangl+ ( wid[s 0 probably int5d$ "h z else:]e to despat* _! spirits to att5d _! dead husb&s 9 ! _s l&2#bch & ! deposition ( valuable prop]ty 9 ! grave c h>dly h _h1 at lea/ 9 orig91 any o!r object ?an to ensure ! com=t ( ! dep>t$ 9 ! o!r _w1 & incid5tally1 p]haps1 to remove f him any temptation to return to 8 sorr[+ fri5ds 9 ?is _w = ! purpose ( recov]+ ! miss+ articles4 ,! self-inflict$ w\nds & bruises ( ! m\rn]s 7 cle>ly int5d$ to impress ! gho/ ) ! s9c]ity ( _! regret at 8 dep>ture f ?is sublun>y sc5e2 if any d\bt c\ld l+] 9 our m9ds z to ! int5tion ( ^! extravagant proce$+s1 x w\ld be set at re/ by ! words ) :i*1 z we h se51 ! m\rn]s accompani$ !m1 call+ on ! dead man to witness _! volunt>y tortures & to judge = himself ( ! g5u95ess ( _! sorr[4 ,9 ?is connexion x is to be borne 9 m9d t all dead noblem51 9 ! op9ion ( ! ,tongans1 7 at once promot$ to ! rank ( deities2 s t x 0 9 _! p[] to visit any disrespect to _! memory & any defalcation ( _! dues ) ! d\ble t]ror ( gho/s & ( gods4 ,no wond] t ! ,tongans s\ght to keep on good t]ms ) su* mighty be+s by simulat+1 :5 !y did n feel1 a s5se ( ! irrep>able loss :i* ! _w _h su/a9$ by _! dissolution4 #bch ,?is 0 ! reason assign$ = ! /rangl+ ( wid[s at _! husb&'s fun]al 9 ,fiji4 ,see ,john ,williams1 ,n>rative ( ,mission>y ,ent]prises 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 pp4 #dgh sq4 ,sec4 #ab4 ,! ,e?ical ,influ5ce ( ,tongan ,religion ,survey$ z a :ole1 ! ,tongan religion pres5ts a s+ul> in/ance ( a cre$ :i* re/rict$ ! hope ( immortality to ! nobly born & d5i$ x to common]s4 ,accord+ to ! doctr9e :i* x inculcat$1 ! ari/ocratic pre-em95ce accord$ to *iefs 9 ?is _w 0 m ?an ma9ta9$ by !m 9 ! next1 :]e !y enjoy$ a monopoly ( immortality4 ,& n cont5t ) soj\rn+ 9 ! blissful regions ( ,bolotoo1 _! dep>t$ spirits (t5 return$ to e>? to w>n1 to direct1 to ?reat5 _! p1 ei!r 9 dreams & visions ( ! night1 or by ! m\? ( ! prie/s :om !y inspir$4 ,su* beliefs involv$ 9 !ory & to "s ext5t 9 practice a subjection ( ! liv+ to ! dead1 ( ! se5 & temporal to ! unse5 & et]nal4 ,9 fav\r ( ! cre$ x may at lea/ be alleg$ t1 :ile x look$ to spiritual p[]s1 :e!r gho/s or gods1 = ! rew>d ( virtue & ! puni%m5t ( vice1 x did n appeal to ano!r life to r$ress ! balance ( ju/ice :i* _h be5 di/urb$ 9 ?is "o4 ,! ,tongan religion inculcat$ a belief t ! good & ! bad alike receive a recomp5se "h on e>?1 ?us implicitly repudiat+ ! unwor?y notion t m5 c only be lur$ or driv5 into ! n>r[ way ( righte\sness by ! hope ( heav5 or ! fe> ( hell4 ,s f> ! cre$ bas$ morality on sur] f\ndations ?an any fai? :i* w\ld re/ ! ultimate sanctions ( conduct on ! slipp]y gr\nd ( po/hum\s rew>ds & puni%m5ts4 ,9 ?is respect1 if 9 no o!r1 we may comp>e ! ,tongan religion to t ( ! ,hebrew prophets4 ,x has be5 rightly obs]v$ by ,r5an t :]eas ,european races 9 g5]al h f\nd 9 ! assurance ( a life to come ample comp5sation = ! iniquities ( ?is pres5t life1 ! ,hebrew prophets nev] appeal to rew>ds & puni%m5ts res]v$ = a future /ate ( exi/5ce4 ,!y 7 n cont5t ) ! conception ( a lame & lagg>d ju/ice t limps f> beh9d ! s9n] 9 ?is _w & only ov]takes him 9 ! next4 ,accord+ to !m1 ,god's ju/ice is swift & sure "h on e>?2 an unju/ _w 0 9 _! eyes a simple mon/rosity4#bci ,s too1 app>5tly1 ?\ght ! ,tongans1 & "s ,europeans may be incl9$ to agree ) !m4 #bci ,e4 ,r5an1 ,hi/oire du peuple d',israel1 ii4 #eje4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,belief ,,9 ,,immortality ,,among ,,! ,,samoans ,sec4 #a4 ,! ,samoan ,isl&s ,ab\t ?ree hundr$ & fifty or f\r hundr$ miles ne>ly due nor? ( ,tonga lies ,samoa1 a gr\p ( isl&s situat$ betwe5 #ac deg4 #cj' & #ad deg4 #cj' ,s\? latitude & betwe5 #afh deg4 & #agc deg4 ,we/ longitude4 ,! native "n ( ! gr\p is ,samoa1 :i* has ?is s+ul>ity1 t x is app>5tly ! only "n t designates a gr\p ( isl&s 9 ! ,pacific2 native names = all ! o!r gr\ps are want+1 ?\gh ea* p>ticul> isl& has its own individual "n4 ,samoa is also kn[n to ,europeans z ! ,navigators' ,isl&s1 a "n be/[$ on !m by ! ,fr5* explor] ,de ,b\ga9ville1 :o visit$ ! gr\p 9 #agfh4 ,! ?ree mo/ ea/]ly isl&s 7 discov]$ 9 #agbb by ,jacob ,roggewe91 a ,dut* navigator1 b he appe>s n to h sight$ ! pr9cipal isl&s ( ! gr\p1 :i* lie a good deal f>!r to ! we/w>d4 ,!re is no record ( any visit paid by a ,european vessel to ! isl&s 9 ! int]val betwe5 ! visits ( ,roggewe9 & ,de ,b\ga9ville4 ,! :ole ar*ipelago 0 n explor$ till #aghg1 :5 ! ,fr5* navigator ,la ,p]\se det]m9$ ! position ( all ! isl&s4#a #a ,*4 ,wilkes1 ,n>rative ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ,new ,edition 7,new ,york1 #ahea71 ii4 #aag2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa 7,london1 #ahig71 pp4 #ba sq42 ,f4 ,h4 ,h4 ,guillem>d1 ,au/ralasia1 ii4 7,london1 #ahid7 p4 #ejj2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians 7,london1 #aiaj71 pp4 #a1 #cfj4 ,! isl&s are dispos$ 9 a l9e runn+ f we/ to ea/4 ,! mo/ we/]ly1 ,savaii1 is also ! l>ge/1 measur+ ab\t =ty miles 9 l5g?4 ,next foll[ two small1 b important isl&s1 ,apolima & ,manona4 ,!n ab\t ?ree miles to ! ea/ ( ,manona comes ,upolu1 ! second ( ! isl&s 9 size1 b ! fir/ 9 importance1 :e!r we reg>d population1 h>b\rs1 or ! ext5t ( soil available = cultivation4 ,! *annel :i* divides ,upolu f ,savaii is f fifte5 to tw5ty miles broad4 ,ab\t =ty miles to ! ea/1 or r s\?-ea/1 ( ,upolu lies ! isl& ( ,tutuila1 ) ! f9e & almo/ l&lock$ h>b\r ( ,pangopango4 ,x 0 9 ?is isl& t ! ,fr5* navigator ,la ,p]\se lo/ 8 second 9 comm& & twelve m5 9 a fi]ce enc\nt] ) ! natives4 ,! place :]e ! fight took place is n[ kn[n z ,massacre ,cove4#b ,"s fifty miles to ! ea/ ( ,tutuila is situat$ a gr\p ( ?ree small isl&s1 ,tau1 ,(u1 & ,olos5ga1 :i* are collectively kn[n z ,manua4 #b ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #bg sq42 ,f4 ,h4 ,h4 ,guillem>d1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ejj1 #ejd4 ,! isl&s are ( volcanic =mation & = ! mo/ "p surr\nd$ by coral reefs1 b ! int]v5+ seas are q free f dang]1 & ! possession ( good h>b\rs r5d]s ,samoa politically important4 ,view$ f ! sea ! isl&s are m\nta9\s & = ! mo/ "p wood$ to ! wat]'s edge1 except :]e a /ret* ( f]tile pla9 is int]pos$ betwe5 ! foot ( ! m\nta9s & ! sea4 ,! :ole gr\p pres5ts to ! voyag] a succession ( en*ant+ views z he sails along ! coa/4 ,! eye is delight$ by ! prospect ( l(ty & rugg$ m\nta9s1 _! tops sometimes lo/ 9 cl\ds1 _! slopes mantl$ 9 ! v]dure ( ev]gre5 =e/s1 v>i$ "h & !re by ri* valleys1 by grey & l(ty cliffs1 or by foam+ wat]falls tumbl+ f heights ( hundr$s ( feet & %[+ l silv]y ?reads aga9/ ! sombre gre5 ( ! woods4 ,along ! %ore rocks ( black lava alt]nate ) :ite s&s dazzl+ 9 ! sunlight & fr+$ by groves ( coco-nut palms1 _! fea!ry tops wav+ & danc+ 9 ! breeze1 :ile ! brilliant cobalt blue ( ! calm lagoon contra/s ) ! olive-gre5 ( ! deep sea1 :i* breaks 9 a long l9e ( see?+ foam on ! b>ri] reef4 ,! sc5]y z a :ole comb9es romantic gr&eur ) wild & rank luxuriance1 ?us w9n+ = ,samoa ! reputation ( be+ among ! lovelie/ ( ! isl&s :i* /ud l gems ! bosom ( ! ,pacific4#c #c ,j4 ,e4 ,ersk9e1 ,j\rnal ( a ,cruise among ! ,isl&s ( ! ,we/]n ,pacific 7,london1 #ahec71 p4 #aaj2 ,t4 ,h4 ,hood1 ,notes ( a ,cruise 9 ,h4,m4,s4 ,fawn 9 ! ,we/]n ,pacific 7,ed9burgh1 #ahfc71 p4 #dj2 ,j4 ,l4 ,br5*ley1 ,jott+s dur+ ! ,cruise ( ,h4,m4,s4 ,curacoa among ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s 9 #ahfe 7,london1 #ahgc71 pp4 #cg-ci1 #fa sq42 ,f4 ,h4 ,h4 ,guillem>d1 ,au/ralasia1 ii4 #ejb sq42 ,john ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #bf sqq4 ,! isl& ( ,upolu 9 p>ticul> is wood$ f its summit to ! wat]'s edge1 :]e 9 "s places ! roots ( ! trees are wa%$ by ! surf1 :ile 9 _m places clumps ( mangrove trees spread out into ! lagoon4 ,! =e/s are d5se & m sombre ev5 ?an ^? ( ,brazil4 ,! l(ty trees %oot up to a great height be=e s5d+ out bran*es4 ,at _! feet gr[ f]ns ( _m sorts1 :ile climb+ v9es & o!r creep]s mantle _! trunks & sometimes ev5 _! tops4 ,b ! gloom ( ! tropical =e/ is seldom or nev] reliev$ by fl[]s ( brilliant t9ts2 ! few fl[]s t bloom 9 !m are ( a :ite or greyi% hue1 z if blea*$ = want ( ! sunbeams1 :i* are %ut out by ! ?ick umbrage\s foliage ov]head4#d #d ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #ca sq41 #eb sq4 ,v diff]5t f ! aspect pres5t$ by ?is luxuriant vegetation is a great "p ( ! int]ior ( ,savaii1 ! l>ge/ isl& ( ! gr\p4 ,"h ! desolate & =bidd+ "* ( ! l&scape con/antly rem9ds ! travell] ( ! dreadful =ces :i* slumb] b5ea? 8 feet4 ,ext9ct volcanoes t[] above him to heights ( f\r & five ?\s& feet1 _! /eep & almo/ p]p5dicul> sides =m$ ( volcanic a%es & d5ud$ ( vegetation4 ,= miles ar\nd ^! gloomy peaks ! gr\nd pres5ts no?+ to ! eye b black rocks1 scoriae1 & a%es2 ! =lorn wayf>] seems to be trav]s+ a furnace b>ely ext+ui%$1 s visible are ! traces ( fire on ! %>p-po9t$ /ones among :i* he picks 8 pa9ful way1 & :i* 9 _! twi/$ & torm5t$ =ms seem /ill to pres]ve some?+ ( ! movem5t ( ! once boil+ flood ( molt5 lava4 ,! :ole c\ntry is a b>r5 & wat]less wild]ness1 a solitude de/itute alike ( animal & ( vegetable life1 alt]nately p>*$ by ! fi]ce rays ( ! tropical sun & delug$ by hurricanes ( torr5tial ra94 ,ev5 ! natives _c trav]se ^! dre>y des]ts2 a ,european :o /ray$ into !m 0 f\nd1 aft] five or six days1 pro/rate & almo/ dead on ! gr\nd4#e #e ,violette1 ,notes d'un ,missionnaire sur l'ar*ipel de ,samoa1 ,les ,missions ,ca?oliques1 iii4 7#ahgj7 pp4 #ga sq42 ,f4 ,h4 ,h4 ,guillem>d1 ,au/ralasia1 ii4 #ejb sq42 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 p4 #cd2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #a sqq4 ,9 ,samoa1 z 9 ,tonga1 volcanic activity has om9\sly increas$ )9 less ?an a hundr$ ye>s4 ,ne> ! isl& ( ,olos5ga1 9 #ahff or #ahfg1 a subm>9e volcano sudd5ly bur/ out 9 eruption1 vomit+ =? rocks & mud to a height1 z x 0 e/imat$1 ( two ?\s& feet1 kill+ ! fi% & discol\r+ ! sea = miles r\nd4#f ,/ill lat]1 t[>ds ! end ( #aije1 ano!r volcano broke out 9 ! bottom ( a deep valley 9 ! isl& ( ,savaii1 & rose till x atta9$ a height ( ab\t f\r ?\s& feet4 ,d[n at lea/ to ! ye> #aiaj ?is imm5se volcano 0 /ill 9 full action1 & _h cov]$ _m miles ( c\ntry "u a b$ ( lava "s t5 or twelve feet ?ick1 :ile ) ! same riv] ( molt5 matt] x completely fill$ up ! neighb\r+ lagoon & replac$ ! level %ore by an iron-b\nd coa/ ( volcanic cliffs4#g #f ,f4 ,h4 ,h4 ,guillem>d1 op4 cit4 ii4 #ejd2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 p4 #dc4 #g ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #c4 ,a rem>kable in/ance ( ^! volcanic cliffs is furni%$ by ! little isl& ( ,apolima betwe5 ,savaii & ,upolu4 ,! islet1 :i* is 9 fact ! crat] ( an ext9ct volcano1 is only ab\t a mile long by half to ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile 9 wid?4 ,on e side b "o x pres5ts to ! sea a precipit\s wall ( basaltic rock "s ?\s& feet high1 :ile ! int]ior is scoop$ out 9 ! lik5ess ( a great cauldron4 ,only at "o place is !re a break 9 ! cliffs :]e a l&+ c be effect$1 & !re ! op]ation is difficult & dang]\s ev5 9 f9e wea!r4 ,9 bad wea!r ! isl& is completely isolat$4 ,?us x =ms a /rong natural =tress1 :i* "u ! conditions ( native w>f>e 0 almo/ impregnable4#h #h ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #cc sq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #aga4 ,z might be expect$ f _! volcanic =mation1 ! isl&s are subject to frequ5t & sometimes sev]e %ocks ( e>?quake4 ,! vet]an mission>y1 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 has record$ t ! %ocks increas$ 9 numb] & viol5ce dur+ ! la/ ye>s ( 8 resid5ce 9 ,samoa4 ,! la/ ( !m 0 prec$$ by l\d subt]ranean noises1 :i* la/$ = h\rs1 to ! great al>m ( ! natives4 ,at ! nor?-we/ ( ,upolu also1 ,mr4 ,/air us$ (t5 to he> a muffl$ s\nd1 l ! rumble ( di/ant ?und]1 proce$+ app>5tly f ! sea "u ! reef4 ,?is curi\s noise always occurr$ on hot1 sultry days1 & seem$ to /rike a note ( w>n+1 :i* fill$ natives & ,europeans alike ) a s5se ( awe & insecurity4#i ,?us if1 beheld f "s po9ts ( view1 ! ,samoan isl&s appe> an e>?ly p>adise1 f o!rs !y pres5t ! aspect1 & emit ! s\nds1 ( an inf]no4 #i ,t4 ,h4 ,hood1 ,notes ( a ,cruise 9 ,h4,m4,s4 ,fawn 9 ! ,we/]n ,pacific 7,ed9burgh1 #ahfc71 p4 #ade2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 op4 cit4 pp4 #da sq4 ,& ) all _! natural beauty & *>m ! isl&s _c be said to enjoy a heal?y climate4 ,!re is mu* bad wea!r1 p>ticul>ly dur+ ! w9t] mon?s1 :5 long & heavy ra9s1 att5d$ at times ) high w9ds & gales1 are frequ5t4 ,! air is m moi/ ?an 9 ,tahiti1 & ! vegetation 9 consequ5ce is m rank & luxuriant4 ,decay+ rapidly "u ! ard5t rays ( a tropical sun1 x exhales a poison\s miasma4 ,b ! heat1 oppressive & exhau/+ at times1 is nev]!less temp]$ by ! sea & l& breezes1 :i* bl[ daily1 alt]nat+ ) int]vals ( calm betwe5 !m4 ,besides ^! daily breezes ! trade w9d bl[s regul>ly f ! ea/ dur+ ! f9e season1 :5 ! sky is con/antly blue & cl\dless4 ,yet ) all ^! alleviations ! climate is en]vat+1 & a long resid5ce 9 x is debilitat+ to ! ,european frame4#aj ,nor are ! natives exempt f ! noxi\s effects ( an atmosph]e saturat$ ) moi/ure & impregnat$ ) ! fumes ( vegetable decay4 ,! op5 nature ( _! dwell+s1 :i* 7 )\t walls1 expos$ !m to ! heavy night dews & r5d]$ !m susceptible to diseases ( ! *e/ & lungs1 f :i* !y suff]$ greatly2 consumption 9 its _m =ms1 c\ghs1 colds1 inflammation ( ! *e/ & lungs1 fev]s1 rheumatism1 pleurisy1 di>rhoea1 lumbago1 diseases ( ! sp9e1 scr(ula1 & _m o!r ailm5ts are enum]at$ among ! disord]s :i* afflict$ !m4 ,b ! prevail+ disease is elephantiasis1 a dreadful malady :i* attacks ,europeans & natives alike4 ,!re are _m cases ( epilepsy1 & ?\gh idiots are r>e1 lunatics are less infrequ5t4 ,hun*backs are v common 9 bo? sexes1 & virul5t oph?almia is preval5t2 _m p]sons lose ! sight ( "o eye1 & "s are totally bl9d$2 n less ?an a fif? "p ( ! population is e/imat$ to suff] f ?is malady4#aa ,curi\sly en\gh1 hun*backs1 :o are said to be v num]\s on acc\nt ( scr(ula1 us$ to be look$ on z special fav\rites ( ! spirits1 & _m ( !m1 on gr[+ to manhood1 7 accord+ly admitt$ to ! prie/hood4#ab #aj ,*4 ,wilkes1 ,n>rative ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ii4 #aah2 ,violette1 ,notes d'un ,missionnaire sur l'ar*ipel de ,samoa1 ,les ,missions ,ca?oliques1 iii4 7#ahgj7 p4 #gb 7:o1 h[ev]1 affirms t ! climate is n unheal?y72 ,t4 ,h4 ,hood1 ,notes ( a ,cruise 9 ,h4,m4,s4 ,fawn 9 ! ,we/]n ,pacific 7,ed9burgh1 #ahfc71 pp4 #add sq42 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #af1 #ce sqq4 #aa ,*4 ,wilkes1 ,n>rative ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ii4 #abd sq42 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #afe sq41 #afi sq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #ahj sqq4 #ab ,s4 ,ella1 ,samoa1 ,report ( ! ,f\r? ,meet+ ( ! ,au/ralasian ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 held at ,hob>t1 ,tasmania1 9 ,janu>y #ahib1 p4 #fbb4 ,dur+ ! /ormy season1 :i* la/s f ,decemb] to ,april1 hurricanes sometimes occur1 & are greatly dread$ by ! natives on acc\nt ( ! havoc :i* !y spread bo? among ! crops & ! h\ses4 ,a /eady ra91 ! abs5ce ( ! sun1 a dea?like /illness ( ! birds & dome/ic animals1 & above all ! d>k & l[]+ aspect ( ! sky1 are ! premonitory symptoms ( ! com+ calamity & inspire g5]al con/]nation1 :ile ! ?und]\s ro> ( ! torr5ts & wat]falls 9 ! m\nta9s /rike on ! e> ) r$\bl$ di/9ctness 9 ! prevail+ sil5ce :i* preludes ! /orm4 ,w>n$ by ^! om9\s signs1 ! natives ru% to secure _! prop]ty f be+ swept away by ! fury ( ! bla/4 ,"s hurry _! canoes inl& to places ( comp>ative safety2 o!rs pile trunks ( banana-trees on ! ro(s ( _! h\ses or fa/5 d[n ! ro(s by hang+ heavy /ones ov] !m2 :ile yet o!rs br+ r\gh poles1 ha/ily cut 9 ! =e/1 & set !m up inside ! h\ses z props aga9/ ! raft]s1 to prev5t ! ro( f fall+ 94 ,sometimes ^! ef=ts are successful1 sometimes futile1 ! hurricane sweep+ ev]y?+ be=e x 9 its mad c>e]1 :ile ! t]rifi$ natives behold ! fruits ( mon?s ( toil1 sometimes ! gr[? ( ye>s1 laid wa/e 9 an h\r4 ,on su* occasions ! %ores h be5 se5 flood$ by ! invad+ ocean1 h\ses c>ri$ clean away1 & a =e/ turn$ sudd5ly into a b>e & treeless pla94 ,m5 h be5 =c$ to fl+ !mselves flat on ! gr\nd & to dig _! h&s into ! e>? to save !mselves f be+ :irl$ away & precipitat$ into ! sea or a torr5t4 ,9 ,april #ahej ! t[n ( ,apia1 ! capital ( ! isl&s1 0 almo/ de/roy$ by "o ( ^! cyclones4 ,:5 ! rage ( ! tornado is sp5t & calm has return$1 ! %ores ( a h>b\r are apt to pres5t a melan*oly sc5e ( ru9 & desolation1 _! %ores /rewn ) ! wrecks ( gallant %ips :i* lately rode !re at an*or1 _! p5nons /ream+ to ! w9d4 ,s x happ5$ 9 ! h>b\r ( ,apia on ,m>* #af?1 #ahhi4 ,be=e ! tempe/ bur/1 !re 7 _m %ips ( v>i\s nations an*or$ 9 ! bay1 among !m five or six ,am]ican & ,g]man w>%ips4 ,:5 x 0 ov]1 all 7 wreck$ & _! %att]$ fragm5ts litt]$ ! reefs4 ,"o vessel alone1 ! ,briti% man-(-w>1 ,calliope1 0 sav$ by ! c\rage & skill ( ! capta91 :o1 second$ by ! spl5did seaman%ip ( ! crew1 =c$ 8 %ip1 9 ! v tee? ( ! hurricane1 out into ! op5 sea1 :]e he safely wea!r$ ! /orm4#ac #ac ,*4 ,wilkes1 ,n>rative ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ii4 #gb2 ,violette1 ,notes d'un ,missionnaire sur l'ar*ipel de ,samoa1 ,les ,missions ,ca?oliques1 iii4 7#ahgj7 p4 #gb2 ,f4 ,h4 ,h4 ,guillem>d1 ,au/ralasia1 ii4 #ejd2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #ch-da4 ,a special int]e/ atta*es to ,samoa 9 s f> z x is n[ commonly believ$ to be ! orig9al seat ( ! ,polynesian race 9 ! ,pacific1 f :i* _! ance/ors gradually disp]s$ to ! o!r isl&s ( t va/ ocean1 :]e _! desc5dants are settl$ to ?is day4 ,polynesian traditions po9t to su* a disp]sal f ,samoa z a c5tre1 & !y are confirm$ by ! "n :i* ! v>i\s bran*es ( ! race give to _! old ance/ral home4 ,! orig9al =m ( t "n appe>s to h be5 ,savaiki1 :i* ?r\gh dialectical v>iations has be5 alt]$ to ,hawaiki 9 ,new ,zeal&1 to ,hawaii 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 to ,havaii 9 ,tahiti1 to ,havaiki 9 ! ,m>quesas1 & to ,avaiki 9 ,r>otonga4 ,9 ! ,samoan dialect1 :i* ( all ! ,polynesian dialects alone reta9s ! lett] ,s1 ! ^w presumably appe>s z ,savaii1 ! "n ( ! l>ge/ isl& ( ! gr\p1 :i* accord+ly may be reg>d$1 ) "s probability1 z ! cradle-l& ( ! ,polynesians 9 ! ,pacific2 ?\gh native traditions indicate r ,upolu or ,manua z ! place f :i* ! canoes />t$ on _! long & adv5tur\s voyages4 ,on ! o!r h& 9 fav\r ( ,savaii x has be5 po9t$ out t ! isl& holds a decid$ sup]iority ov] ! o!r isl&s ( ! gr\p 9 respect ( canoe-build+2 = x possesses ext5sive =e/s ( h>d & durable timb]1 :i* is mu* s\ght aft] = ! keels & o!r p>ts ( vessels2 inde$1 ! l>ge sea-go+ canoes 7 g5]ally1 if n always1 built on ,savaii1 & m>itime exp$itions appe> sometimes to h />t$ f its %ores4#ad ,9 pro( t ! ,samoans h long be5 settl$ 9 ! isl&s :i* !y n[ occupy1 x may be alleg$ t !y appe> to h no tradition ( any o!r home f :i* _! ance/ors migrat$ to _! pres5t abode4 ,) ! s+le exception ( a l>ge village call$ ,matautu 9 ,savaii1 ! inhabitants ( :i* claim t !y came orig9ally f ,fiji1 all ! ,samoans consid] !mselves indig5\s4#ae ,! ,samoans & ,tongans1 says ,mr4 ,s4 ,p]cy ,smi?1 =m$ "p ( ! fir/ migration into ! ,pacific1 & !y h be5 !re s long t !y h =gott5 _! e>ly hi/ory4 ,all ! num]\s leg5ds z to _! orig9 seem to express _! own belief 9 _! be+ auto*?ones1 creat$ 9 ! ,samoan ,isl&s4#af #ad ,horatio ,hale1 ,e?nography & ,philology ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition 7,philadelphia1 #ahdf71 pp4 #aai sqq42 ,j4 ,e4 ,ersk9e1 ,j\rnal ( a ,cruise among ! ,isl&s ( ! ,we/]n ,pacific1 pp4 #ajb sq42 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #bga sqq4 7comp>e id4 p4 #cd z to ! timb] & canoe-build+ ( ,savaii72 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #ceh1 #cga sq42 ,a4 ,c4 ,haddon1 ,! ,w&]+s ( ,peoples 7,cambridge1 #aiai71 p4 #cf2 ,a4 ,h4 ,keane1 ,man ,pa/ & ,pres5t 7,cambridge1 #aibj71 p4 #eeb4 ,t ! ,samoan language1 alone ( ! ,polynesian dialects1 reta9s ! ,s s\nd1 is affirm$ by ,*4 ,wilkes 7,n>rative ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ii4 #abc74 ,9 "s ( ! isl&s ! "n ( ! anci5t fa!rl& ( ! race 7,hawaiki1 etc47 has be5 appli$ or transf]r$ to ! _s-l& to :i* ! s\ls ( ! dead are suppos$ to pass z _! f9al abode4 ,see ,s4 ,p]cy ,smi?1 ,hawaiki1 pp4 #df sqq42 ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 pp4 #ef sqq41 s4v4 ,hawaiki4 #ae ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #cfj sq4 ,z to ! ,fijian colony 9 ,savaii1 comp>e ,t4 ,h4 ,hood1 ,notes ( a ,cruise 9 ,h4,m4,s4 ,fawn 9 ! ,we/]n ,pacific 7,ed9burgh1 #ahfc71 pp4 #aag sq4 #af ,s4 ,p]cy ,smi?1 ,hawaiki1 pp4 #aad sq4 ,sec4 #b4 ,! ,samoan ,isl&]s1 _! "* ,9 spite ( ! _m diseases preval5t among !m1 ! ,samoans are commonly reckon$ among ! f9e/1 z well z ! pure/1 specim5s ( ! ,polynesian race4 ,l ! ,tongans1 :om !y closely resemble1 !y are g5]ally tall & %apely1 ) full r\nd$ faces & limbs1 b )\t t grossness & laxity ( fibre common 9 ! ,tahitians4 ,! av]age height ( ! m5 is said to be five feet t5 in*es1 b "s ( !m are ov] six feet ) ! !ws & s9ews ( a ,h]cules4 ,_! features1 ?\gh n always regul>1 are commonly pleas+2 & 9 p>ticul> ! =ehead is rem>kable = its ample developm5t1 :i*1 ) ! bread? betwe5 ! eyes1 gives to ! c\nt5ance an expression ( nobl5ess & dignity4 ,"s ( ! "y m5 especially are models ( manly beauty2 we read ( "o :o1 hav+ deck$ 8 hair ) ! fl[]s ( ! sc>let hibiscus1 might h sat = an ,ant9\s4 ,! wom5 are comely en\gh1 b /rik+ly inf]ior to ! m5 9 po9t ( p]sonal beauty4 ,! prevail+ col\r is a light copp] or olive br[n1 b ! %ade v>ies a good deal1 deep5+ some:at 9 fi%]m5 & o!rs :o are mu* expos$ to ! sun2 b x nev] approa*es ! d>k *ocolate t9t1 or ,v&yke br[n1 ( ! ,melanesians4 ,_! hair is usually black & wavy1 sometimes curly2 b h>dly a ve/ige is to be se5 among !m ( ! crisp$ & woolly hair & dusky complexion ( ! ,melanesians1 _! neighb\rs on ! we/4#ag #ag ,horatio ,hale1 ,e?nography & ,philology ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 pp4 #aj sq42 ,*4 ,wilkes1 ,n>rative ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ii4 #abe sq42 ,j4 ,e4 ,ersk9e1 ,j\rnal ( a ,cruise among ! ,isl&s ( ! ,we/]n ,pacific1 pp4 #da1 #ea2 ,c4 ,e4 ,me9icke1 ,die ,inseln des ,/ill5 ,oceans 7,leipzig1 #ahge-ahgf71 ii4 #aaj sq42 ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #c2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 p4 #eh2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #ee sq4 ,! prepossess+ appe>ance ( ! ,samoans on ! :ole does n belie _! "*4 ,!y are reput$ to be ! mo/ ref9$ & civilis$ ( all ! native races ( ! ,pacific1 & ?is sup]iority is said to manife/ itself 9 _! social & dome/ic life4#ah ,! ,samoans1 we are told1 are a nation ( g5tlem5 & contra/ mo/ fav\rably ) ! g5]ality ( ! ,europeans :o come among !m4#ai ,!y are said to c>ry _! habits ( cleanl9ess & dec5cy to a high] po9t ?an ! mo/ fa/idi\s ( civilis$ nations2#bj & ! ,samoan wom5 appe> to be hon\rably di/+ui%$ by _! mode/ behavi\r & fidelity 9 m>riage1 qualities :i* contra/ ) ! pr(ligacy ( _! sex 9 o!r bran*es ( ! ,polynesian race4#ba ,equally hon\rable to ! m5 are ! respect & k9dness :i*1 accord+ to ! te/imony ( obs]v]s1 !y pay to _! wom51 :om !y are said to reg>d z _! equals4#bb ,! ag$ 7 treat$ ) respect & nev] ab&on$2 & /rang]s 7 always receiv$ 9 ! be/ h\se & provid$ ) food specially prep>$ = !m4#bc ,infanticide1 :i* 0 c>ri$ to an appall+ & almo/ incr$ible ext5t among "s ( ! ,polynesians1#bd 0 unkn[n 9 ,samoa2 abortion1 inde$1 0 n uncommon1 b once born *ildr5 7 affectionately c>$ = & nev] kill$ or expos$4#be ,wives & slaves 7 nev] put to dea? at a *ief's burial1 t _! s\ls might att5d _! dead "l to ! _s l&#bf1 z 0 ! practice 9 "s ( ! o!r isl&s1 ev5 9 ,tonga4 ,aga91 human sacrifices 7 n (f]$ by ! ,samoans to ! gods )9 ! "t dur+ :i* ! isl&s h be5 "u ! obs]vation ( ,europeans2 b 9 "s ( ! m remote traditions m5tion is made ( su* sacrifices (f]$ to ! sun4 ,?us x is said t 9 ! my?ical isl& ( ,papatea1 some:]e away 9 ! ea/1 ! sun us$ to call = two victims e day1 "o at 8 ris+ & ano!r at 8 sett+4 ,?is la/$ = eighty days4 ,at su* a rate ( consumption ! population ( ! isl& 0 rapidly wa/+ away4 ,to escape ! ?reat5$ doom1 a bro!r & si/]1 nam$ ,luama & ,ui1 fl$ f ,papatea to ,manua1 ! mo/ ea/]ly ( ! ,samoan isl&s1 b !y f\nd to _! con/]nation t !re too1 ! sun 0 dem&+ 8 daily victims4 ,e h\se _h to supply a victim 9 succession1 &1 :5 all _h yield$ ! tribute1 x came to ! fir/ h\se 9 turn to r5ew ! sacrifice4 ,! victim 0 laid out on a p&anus tree1 & !re ! sun dev\r$ him or h]4 ,:5 ! lot fell on ,luama1 8 h]oic si/] ,ui insi/$ on tak+ 8 place1 & ly+ d[n1 %e cri$1 ,o cruel sun6 come & eat y\r victim1 we are all be+ dev\r$ by y4 ,b ! amor\s sun fell 9 love ) h] & took h] to wife1 at ! same "t putt+ an end to ! human sacrifices4 ,ano!r /ory affirms t ! h]o9e 0 a daught] ( ! ,k+ ( ,manua1 & t he yield$ h] up z an (f]+ to ! sun 9 ord] to end ! sacrifices by mak+ h] ! savi\r ( ! p4#bg #ah ,s4 ,ella1 ,samoa1 ,report ( ! ,f\r? ,meet+ ( ! ,au/ralasian ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 held at ,hob>t1 ,tasmania1 9 ,janu>y #ahib1 p4 #fcd4 #ai ,t4 ,h4 ,hood1 ,notes ( a ,cruise 9 ,h4,m4,s4 ,fawn 9 ! ,we/]n ,pacific 7,ed9burgh1 #ahfc71 pp4 #ei sq4 #bj ,j4 ,e4 ,ersk9e1 op4 cit4 p4 #aaj #ba ,*4 ,wilkes1 op4 cit4 ii4 #abe2 ,j4 ,e4 ,ersk9e1 op4 cit4 p4 #aaj #bb ,*4 ,wilkes1 op4 cit4 ii4 #adh2 ,violette1 ,notes d'un ,missionnaire sur l'ar*ipel de ,samoa1 ,les ,missions ,ca?oliques1 iii4 7#ahgj7 p4 #aef2 ,j4 ,l4 ,br5*ley1 op4 cit4 p4 #gg2 ,s4 ,ella1 op4 cit4 pp4 #fbh sq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 op4 cit4 pp4 #dc1 #daj4 #bc ,g4 ,br[n1 op4 cit4 p4 #daj4 #bd ,= "s evid5ce ( ! practice see ,john ,turnbull1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w 7,london1 #ahac71 pp4 #cfc sq42 ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 ,j\rnal ( a ,resid5ce 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s 7,london1 #ahbh71 pp4 #bea sqq42 ,p4 ,dillon1 ,voyage 9 ! ,s\? ,seas 7,london1 #ahbi71 ii4 #acd2 ,william ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 ,second ,edition 7,london1 #ahcb-ahcf71 i4 #bdh sqq42 ,j4 ,williams1 ,n>rative ( ,mission>y ,ent]prises 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s 7,london1 #ahch71 pp4 #dgi-dhf4 ,accord+ to ,/ew>t1 9 ^? p>ts ( ,hawaii to :i* ! influ5ce ( ! mission>ies _h n p5etrat$1 two-?irds ( ! infants born 7 murd]$ by _! p>5ts )9 ! age ( two ye>s4 ,9 ,tahiti ?ree wom51 que/ion$ by ,mr4 ,williams1 ackn[l$g$ t !y _h kill$ tw5ty-"o ( _! *ildr5 betwe5 !m4 ,ano!r1 at ! po9t ( dea?1 confess$ to him1 9 an angui% ( remorse1 t %e _h de/roy$ sixte5 ( h] *ildr54 #be ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #gi4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,williams1 op4 cit4 p4 #dgi2 ,s4 ,ella1 op4 cit4 p4 #fba2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #dg4 #bf ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #bai4 #bg ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #bja sq4 ,comp>e ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bcj sq42 ,j4 ,williams1 ,n>rative ( ,mission>y ,ent]prises 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 p4 #dga2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 p4 #baj4 ,! ,samoans1 :5 !y became kn[n to ,europe 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 did n habitually indulge 9 cannibalism2 inde$1 accord+ to ,john ,williams1 "o ( ! e>lie/ mission>ies to ! isl&s1 !y spoke ( ! practice ) great horror & dete/ation4#bh ,b we h ! te/imony ( o!r e>ly mission>ies t 9 _! w>s !y occasionally resort$ to x z a climax ( hatr$ & rev5ge1 dev\r+ "s portion ( an enemy :o _h r5d]$ himself peculi>ly obnoxi\s by 8 cruelty or 8 provocations4 ,traditions1 too1 are on record ( *iefs :o habitually kill$ & dev\r$ _! fell[-creatures4 ,a =m ( submission :i* a conqu]$ p>ty us$ to adopt t[>ds _! conqu]ors has also be5 int]pret$ z a relic ( an old cu/om ( cannibalism4 ,repres5tatives ( ! vanqui%$ p>ty us$ to b[ d[n be=e ! victors1 ea* hold+ 9 8 h&s a piece ( firewood & a bundle ( leaves1 su* z are us$ 9 dress+ a pig = ! ov54 ,?is 0 z mu* z to say1 ,kill u & cook u1 if y please4 ,crim9als1 too1 7 sometimes b\nd h& & foot1 slung on a pole1 & laid d[n be=e ! p]sons !y _h injur$1 l pigs ab\t to be kill$ & cook$4 ,comb9+ ^! & o!r indications we may surmise t cannibalism 0 =m]ly n infrequ5t among ! ance/ors ( ! ,samoans1 ?\gh among _! desc5dants 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury ! practice _h almo/ :olly di$ out4#bi ,x is fur!r to ! cr$it ( ! ,samoans t _! public adm9i/ration ( ju/ice 0 on ! :ole mild & humane4 ,torture 0 nev] employ$ to wr+ ! tru? f witnesses or ! accus$1 & !re seems to be only a s+le case on record ( capital puni%m5t inflict$ by judicial s5t5ce4 ,at ! same "t private individuals 7 free to av5ge ! adult]y ( a wife or ! murd] ( a k9sman by kill+ ! culprit1 & no blame atta*$ to !m = s do+4 ,! p5alties impos$ by ! s5t5ce ( a c\rt or judicial assembly 7fono7 includ$ f9es1 bani%m5t1 & ! de/ruction ( h\ses1 fruit-trees1 & dome/ic animals4 ,b a crim9al might also be condemn$ by a c\rt to suff] corporal puni%m5t 9 "o =m or ano!r4 ,he might1 = example1 be oblig$ to w\nd himself by beat+ 8 head & *e/ ) a /one till ! blood fl[$ freely2 if he seem$ to sp>e himself1 he w\ld be ord]$ by ! assembl$ *iefs to /rike h>d]1 & if he /ill falt]$1 ! prompt & unsp>+ application ( a w> club to 8 p]son effectually assi/$ ! execution ( ! s5t5ce4 ,aga91 he might be condemn$ to bite a c]ta9 acrid & poison\s root 7call$ 9 ! native language tevi7 :i* caus$ ! m\? to swell & ! culprit to suff] int5se agony = a consid]able "t aft]w>ds4 ,or he might h to ?r[ up a sp9y & poison\s fi% into ! air & to cat* x 9 8 nak$ h& z x fell2 ! %>p-po9t$ sp9es ent]$ into ! fle% & inflict$ acute pa9 & suff]+4 ,or he might be susp5d$ by h&s & feet f a pole & 9 ?is attitude expos$ to ! broil+ sun = _m h\rs toge!r2 or he might be hung by ! feet1 head d[nw>d1 f ! top ( a tall coco-nut tree & left !re to expiate 8 crime = a long "t4 ,= c]ta9 (f5ces ! culprit 0 condemn$ to h 8 nose tattoo$ or 8 e>s split4 ,9 s5t5ces ( bani%m5t ! t]m ( exile 0 nev] specifi$1 b :5 ! s5t5ce _h be5 pron\nc$ 9 full assembly1 & ! (f5ce 0 great1 ! culprit might live 9 exile = ye>s4 ,:5 ! puni%m5t consi/$ 9 ! de/ruction ( h\ses1 plantations1 & live /ock1 x 0 imm$iately inflict$ by ! :ole =ce ( ! di/rict1 "u ! direction & sup]9t5d5ce ( ! lead+ m51 :o _h tak5 "p 9 ! assembly & pass$ ! s5t5ce4 ,a :ole family might suff] 9 ?is way = ! (f5ce ( "o ( its memb]s1 & be driv5 into exile1 aft] witness+ ! burn+ ( _! h\se1 ! kill+ ( _! pigs1 & ! b>k+ ( _! breadfruit trees4#cj ,if su* p5alties seem to u 9 "s cases ne$lessly sev]e1 !y at lea/ te/ify to a /rong s5se ( public ju/ice develop$ among ! ,samoans1 :o _h ?us advanc$ f> en\gh to transf]1 9 "s measure1 ! r$ress ( wrongs to judicial assemblies in/ead ( leav+ x to ! caprice ( ! injur$ individuals4 ,nev]!less ! transf]5ce 0 b imp]fect3 ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice 0 loose & irregul>3 = ! mo/ "p e man 0 a law to himself1 & did :at 0 "r 9 8 own eyes4 ,an aggriev$ p>ty w\ld become 8 own judge1 jury1 & execution]4 ,! ?ir/ = v5geance 0 slak$ only by ! blood ( a victim4#ca #bh ,j4 ,williams1 ,n>rative ( ,mission>y ,ent]prises 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 p4 #def4 #bi ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #ajh-aaa2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #adi sq41 #bij2 ,j4 ,e4 ,ersk9e1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ci1 #aja sq42 ,w4 ,t4 ,prit*>d1 ,polynesian ,rem9isc5ces 7,london1 #ahff71 pp4 #abe sq42 ,violette1 ,notes d'un ,missionnaire sur l'ar*ipel de ,samoa1 ,les ,missions ,ca?oliques1 iii4 7#ahgj7 p4 #afh2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #bdj sq4 #cj ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #ia sqq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bhh-bia4 ,comp>e ,violette1 ,notes d'un ,missionnaire sur l'ar*ipel de ,samoa1 ,les ,missions ,ca?oliques1 iii4 7#ahgj7 pp4 #aai1 #abj4 #ca ,s4 ,ella1 ,samoa1 ,report ( ! ,f\r? ,meet+ ( ! ,au/ralasian ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 held at ,hob>t1 ,tasmania1 9 ,janu>y #ahib1 p4 #fcc4 ,x is ano!r sign ( ! intellectual enlight5m5t ( ! ,samoans t !y rose app>5tly sup]ior to t sy/em ( malignant magic1 :i* kept _! neighb\rs ! ,melanesians 9 lifelong bondage4 ,! exp]i5c$ mission>y1 ,dr4 ,george ,br[n1 c\ld n f9d 9 ,samoa any trace ( ! practice ( t p>ticul> =m ( ! black art ) :i* he 0 famili> 9 ,new ,brita9 & o!r ,melanesian isl&s1 ! practice ( procur+ "s object :i* has belong$ to an enemy or be5 t\*$ by him1 & tak+ x to a sorc]]1 t he may p]=m ov] x a c]emony = ! purpose ( injur+ ! p]son f :om ! object has be5 obta9$4 ,! proce$+ is "o ( ! commone/ =ms ( sympa!tic magic1 b ! ,samoans appe> to h ignor$ or despis$ x4#cb ,aga91 ! sil5ce ( our au?orities on ! subject ( amulets & talismans leaves u to inf] t ! ,samoans 7 equally indiff]5t to t bran* ( magic :i* seeks to ensure ! safety & prosp]ity ( ! individual by atta*+ a miscellane\s collection ( rubbi% to 8 p]son1 a sy/em ( ensurance aga9/ evil & mis=tune :i* has atta9$ a prodigi\s developm5t among "s savages1 notably 9 ,africa1#cc & is v f> f be+ unkn[n 9 ,europe at ! pres5t day4 ,aga91 unlike mo/ savages1 ! ,samoans 7 close obs]v]s ( ! />s1 n only reckon+ ! "t ( night by ! ris+ ( p>ticul> />s1 b /e]+ by !m :5 !y 7 out ( sight ( l&4#cd #cb ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #bde4 ,comp>e ,s4 ,ella1 op4 cit4 p4 #fch4 #cc ,see1 = example1 ,e4 ,w4 ,smi? & ,a4 ,m4 ,dale1 ,! ,ila-speak+ ,peoples ( ,nor!rn ,rhodesia 7,london1 #aibj71 i4 #beb sqq4 #cd ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #cdh4 ,aga9/ ^! amiable & enlight5$ traits 9 ! ,samoan "* mu/ be set _! cruelty 9 w>4 ,if !y op5$ ho/ilities ) a great deal ( =mal polit5ess1 !y conduct$ !m ) great f]ocity4 ,no qu>t] 0 giv5 to m5 9 battle1 & captives 7 ru?lessly slaught]$4 ,wom5 7 sometimes sp>$ = ! use ( _! captors4 ,nor did dea? save ! conqu]$ f ! insults & outrages ( ! insol5t victors4 ,! sla9 on ! battlefield 7 treat$ ) great indignity4 ,_! heads 7 cut (f & c>ri$ 9 triumph to ! village1 :]e !y 7 pil$ up 9 a heap 9 ! place ( public assembly1 ! head ( ! mo/ important *ief be+ giv5 ! place ( hon\r on ! top ( ! pile4 ,h[ev]1 !y 7 n kept z trophies1 b aft] rema9+ = "s h\rs expos$ to public gaze 7 ei!r claim$ by ! relatives or buri$ on ! spot4 ,! headless trunks 7 giv5 to *ildr5 to drag ab\t ! village & to spe>1 /one1 or mutilate at pleasure4#ce ,! fir/ mission>y to ,samoa 0 told 9 ,manua t ! victors us$ to scalp _! victims & pres5t ! scalps1 ) kava1 ei!r to ! k+ or to ! relatives ( ! sla9 9 battle1 by :om ^! gory trophies 7 highly priz$4 ,he m5tions z an example ! case ( a "y woman1 ^: fa!r _h be5 kill$4 ,a scalp ( a foe hav+ be5 br\ght to h]1 %e burnt x1 /rew$ ! a%es on ! fire ) :i* %e cook$ h] food1 & !n dev\r$ ! meat ) savage satisfaction4#cf ,b ! climax ( cruelty & horror 0 rea*$ 9 a great w> :i* ! p ( ,a'ana1 9 ,upolu1 wag$ aga9/ a p[]ful comb9ation ( enemies4 ,aft] a brave resi/ance !y 7 at la/ defeat$1 & ! surviv+ w>riors1 toge!r ) ! ag$ & infirm1 ! wom5 & *ildr51 fl$ to ! m\nta9s1 :]e !y endeav\r$ to hide !mselves f _! pursu]s 9 ! caves & ! dep?s ( ! =e/4 ,b !y 7 hunt$ out & br\ght d[n to ! sea%ore2 & an imm5se pit hav+ be5 dug & fill$ ) firewood1 !y 7 all1 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 ?r[n into x & burnt alive4 ,! dreadful but*]y w5t on = days4 ,f\r hundr$ victims are said to h p]i%$4 ,! massacre 0 p]petrat$ at ! mom5t :5 ! fir/ mission>ies 7 l&+ 9 ,samoa4 ,f ! opposite %ore !y beheld ! m\nta9s envelop$ 9 ! flames & smoke ( ! fun]al pile4 ,! decisive battle _h be5 f\ght t v morn+4 ,= _m ye>s a great black circle ( *>coal m>k$ ! sc5e & pres]v$ ! memory ( ! fatal transaction4#cg #ce ,j4 ,williams1 op4 cit4 p4 #def2 ,*4 ,wilkes1 op4 cit4 ii4 #aej sq42 ,w4 ,t4 ,prit*>d1 ,polynesian ,rem9isc5ces1 p4 #fa2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #bdg sqq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #agj1 #agb sq4 ,dr4 ,br[n "h speaks z if captive wom5 7 regul>ly sp>$ & m>ri$ by ! victors4 ,z to ! elaborate civilities :i* pass$ betwe5 ! vangu>ds ( two ho/ile armies at _! fir/ meet+1 see ,dr4 ,br[n1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aff sq4 #cf ,j4 ,williams1 op4 cit4 p4 #deh4 #cg ,j4 ,williams1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bhf sq41 #def2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #bed-beh4 ,sec4 #c4 ,h\ses1 ,agriculture1 & ,indu/ries ,l all ! ,polynesians1 ! ,samoans are n nomadic1 b live 9 settl$ villages4 ,! typical ,samoan h\se is commonly describ$ z oval or elliptical1 ?\gh 9 fact x w\ld seem to be ( oblong %ape ) semicircul> ends4 ,b _m h\ses 7 circul> 9 %ape1 & ) _! conical ?at*$ ro(s resembl$ gigantic beehives4 ,f ! ,tongans ! ,samoans also borr[$ ! cu/om ( build+ oblong quadrangul> h\ses1 :i* 7 call$ afolau4 ,! be/ h\ses1 9 p>ticul> ^? ( important *iefs1 7 built on rais$ plat=ms ( /ones ab\t ?ree feet high4 ,"o ( ! circul> h\ses w\ld measure ab\t ?irty-five feet 9 diamet] by a hundr$ 9 circumf]5ce4 ,two or ?ree po/s 9 ! c5tre ( ! h\se1 "s tw5ty feet high1 support$ ! ro(1 ! l[] end ( :i* re/$ on a s]ies ( %ort po/s1 f\r or five feet high1 plac$ at int]vals ( ab\t f\r feet all r\nd ! h\se4 ,! int]vals betwe5 ^! po/s 7 sometimes clos$ by ?at* neatly ti$ to /icks1 :i* 7 plant$ upright 9 ! gr\nd & fa/5$ to ! eaves2 b m commonly1 x w\ld seem1 ! int]vals betwe5 ! po/s 7 left op5 & only clos$ at night by bl9ds made ( coco-nut leaves1 :i* c\ld be let d[n or pull$ up l ,v5etian bl9ds4 ,dur+ ! day ^! bl9ds 7 drawn up1 s t !re 0 a free curr5t ( air all ?r\gh ! h\se4 ,! ro(s ( ! be/ h\ses 7 made ( bread-fruit wood c>efully ?at*$ ) leaves ( ! wild sug>-cane2 :5 well made1 ! ?at* might la/ sev5 ye>s4 ,! circul> ro(s 7 s con/ruct$ t !y c\ld be lift$ clean (f ! po/s & remov$ any:]e1 ei!r by l& or on a raft ( canoes4 ,! :ole h\se c\ld also be transport$2 & z ,samoan h\ses 7 (t5 b>t]$1 or giv5 z pres5ts1 or paid z f9es1 x frequ5tly happ5$ t !y 7 remov$ f place to place4 ,9 ! :ole h\se !re 0 n a s+le nail or spike3 all jo9ts 7 made by exactly correspond+ not*es & secur$ by c9net1 t is cordage made f ! dri$ fibre ( ! coco-nut husk4 ,! timb] ( ! be/ h\ses 0 ! wood ( ! bread-fruit tree2 &1 if protect$ aga9/ damp1 x w\ld la/ fifty ye>s4 ,! floor ( ! h\se 0 compos$ ( /ones1 ov]laid ) f9e gravel & s&4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! floor 0 ! fire-place1 a circul> holl[ two or ?ree feet 9 diamet] & a few in*es deep1 l9$ ) h>d5$ clay4 ,x 0 n us$ = cook+1 b = ! purpose ( light+ up ! h\se by night4 ,! cook+ 0 nev] done 9 ! h\se1 b always 9 ! op5 air outside on an ov5 ( hot /ones4 ,an ord9>y ,samoan h\se consi/$ ( a s+le ap>tm5t1 :i* s]v$ z ! common p>l\r1 d9+-room1 & b$room ( ! family4 ,b at night small t5ts made ( b>k-clo? 7 hung f ! ridge-pole1 & "u !m ! v>i\s memb]s ( ! family slept sep>ately1 ! t5ts s]v+ !m at ! same "t z curta9s to protect !m aga9/ ! mosquitoes4 ,=m]ly1 ! h\ses ( ! pr9cipal *iefs 7 surr\nd$ ) two f5ces2 ! out] ( ! two 0 =m$ ( /rong po/s & _h a n>r[ zigzag entrance1 sev]al y>ds long1 lead+ to an op5+ 9 ! inn] f5ce1 :i* 0 made ( re$s4 ,b ) ! adv5t ( a m peaceful epo* ^! =tifi$ enclosures = ! mo/ "p disappe>$4 ,h\ses con/ruct$ on ! ,tongan model 7 (t5 v sub/antially built3 a d\ble r[ ( po/s & cross-beams support$ ! ro(4 ,^! h\ses 7 f\nd bett] able to resi/ ! high w9ds :i* prevail at "o season ( ! ye>4#ch #ch ,*4 ,wilkes1 op4 cit44 ii4 #ade sqq42 ,j4 ,e4 ,ersk9e1 op4 cit4 pp4 #de-dg2 ,t4 ,h4 ,hood1 ,notes ( a ,cruise 9 ,h4,m4,s4 ,fawn 9 ! ,we/]n ,pacific 7,ed9burgh1 #ahfc71 p4 #cb2 ,violette1 ,notes d'un ,missionnaire sur l'ar*ipel de ,samoa1 ,les ,missions ,ca?oliques1 iii4 7#ahgj7 p4 #ace2 ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #aeb sqq42 ,s4 ,ella1 op4 cit4 pp4 #fcd sq42 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #aje sqq41 #aec sqq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bd sqq4 ,l ! re/ ( ! ,polynesians1 ! ,samoans are an agricultural p1 & subsi/ ma9ly by ! fruits ( ! e>?1 ?\gh ! lagoons & reefs furni% !m ) a l>ge supply ( fi% & %ell-fi%1 ( :i* !y are v fond4 ,!y all1 b especially p]sons ( rank1 occasionally regal$ !mselves on pigs1 f[ls1 & turtle4 ,b bread-fruit1 t>o1 yams1 bananas1 & coco-nuts =m$ ! /aff ( life 9 ,samoa4 ,z ! soil is v ri* & ! hot1 damp climate is em95tly fav\rable to ! gr[? ( vegetation1 food 0 always abundant1 & ! natives c\ld procure ! necess>ies & ev5 ! luxuries ( life at ! co/ ( v little lab\r2 if !y till$ ! soil1 x 0 r to v>y _! diet ?an to wr+ a scanty subsi/5ce f a nigg>dly nature4 ,coco-nut palms1 bread-fruit & *e/nut trees1 & wild yams1 bananas1 & planta9s ab\nd ?r\gh\t ! isl&s1 & require little att5tion to make !m yield an ample crop4 ,= ab\t half ! ye> ! ,samoans h a pl5tiful supply ( food f ! bread-fruit trees3 dur+ ! o!r half !y dep5d pr9cipally ^u _! t>o plantations4 ,:ile ! bread-fruit is 9 season1 e family lays up a quantity ( ! ripe fruit 9 a pit l9$ ) leaves & cov]$ ) /ones4 ,! fruit soon f]m5ts & =ms a s(t mass1 :i* emits a v vile smell e "t ! pit is op5$4 ,9 ?is /ate x may be kept = ye>s1 = ! old] & m rott5 ! fruit is1 ! bett] ! natives l x4 ,!y bake x1 ) ! juice ( ! coco-nut1 into flat cakes1 :i* are eat5 :5 ! ripe fruit is out ( season or :5 t>o is sc>ce4 ,= t>o is on ! :ole ! /aple food ( ! ,samoans2 x gr[s all ! ye> r\nd4 ,! wat] ( ! coco-nut furni%es a cool1 delici\s1 slightly eff]vesc+ bev]age1 :i* is peculi>ly welcome to ! hot & we>y wayf>] f> f any spr+ or rivulet4#ci #ci ,*4 ,wilkes1 op4 cit4 ii4 #adg2 ,w4 ,t4 ,prit*>d1 ,polynesian ,rem9isc5ces 7,london1 #ahff71 pp4 #abf-abh2 ,violette1 ,notes d'un ,missionnaire sur l'ar*ipel de ,samoa1 ,les ,missions ,ca?oliques1 iii4 7#ahgj7 pp4 #hg sq42 ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #aje-ajg2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #ec-ee2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #acj sqq4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,br[n1 !re are g5]ally ?ree crops ( bread-fruit 9 ! ye>1 "o ( !m la/+ ab\t ?ree mon?s4 ,to obta9 l& = cultivation ! ,samoans w5t into ! =e/ & cut d[n ! bru%wood & creep+ v9es ) small hat*ets or l>ge knives4 ,! l>ge =e/-trees !y de/roy$ by *opp+ away ! b>k 9 a circle r\nd ! trunk & !n k9dl+ a fire ( bru%wood at ! foot ( ! tree4 ,?us 9 ! c\rse ( a few days a fair-siz$ piece ( gr\nd w\ld be cle>$1 no?+ ( ! =e/ rema9+ b *>r$ trunks & leafless bran*es4 ,!n foll[$ ! plant+4 ,! agricultural in/rum5ts employ$ 7 ( ! simple/ patt]n4 ,a dibble1 or po9t$ /ick ( h>d wood1 0 us$ to make ! hole 9 :i* ! plant 0 deposit$4 ,?is took ! place ( a pl\gh1 & a bran* s]v$ ! purpose ( a h>r[4 ,sometimes ! e>? 0 dug & smoo!d ) ! blade ( a canoe paddle4 ,! lab\r ( cle>+ & plant+ ! gr\nd 0 done by ! m51 b ! task ( we$+ x g5]ally devolv$ on ! wom54 ,! fir/ crop tak5 f a piece ( l& newly cle>$ 9 ! =e/ 0 yams1 :i* require a peculi> culture & frequ5t *ange ( site1 two successive crops be+ seldom obta9$ f ! same l&4 ,aft] ! fir/ crop ( yams _h be5 cle>$ (f1 t>o 0 plant$ sev]al times 9 succession2 = ?is root does n1 l yams1 require a *ange ( site4 ,h[ev]1 we are told t a second crop ( t>o gr[n on ! same l& 0 v inf]ior to ! fir/1 & t z a rule ! l& 0 all[$ to rema9 fall[ until ! trees gr[+ on x 7 z ?ick z a man's arm1 :5 x 0 aga9 cle>$ = cultivation4 ,9 ! wet season t>o 0 plant$ on ! high l& f "o to f\r miles inl& f ! village2 o!r k9ds ( t>o 7 plant$ 9 ! swamps1 & ^! 7 consid]$ m succul5t ?an ! t>o gr[n on ! upl&s4 ,! gr[+ crops ( t>o 7 we$$ at lea/ twice a ye>4 ,! natives resort$ to irrigation1 :5 !y _h ! means2 & !y (t5 dug tr5*es to dra9 away ! wat] f swampy gr\nd4 ,yams also requir$ att5tion2 = /icks _h to be provid$ on :i* ! plants c\ld run4 ,! fruit rip5s only once a ye>1 b x 0 /or$ up1 & ) c>e w\ld keep till ! next season4 ,! natives f\nd nei!r yams nor bread-fruit s n\ri%+ z t>o4#dj #dj ,violette1 ,notes d'un ,missionnaire sur l'ar*ipel de ,samoa1 ,les ,missions ,ca?oliques1 iii4 7#ahgj7 p4 #ahh2 ,s4 ,ella1 op4 cit4 p4 #fce2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #ed sq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #acj sqq41 #cch sqq4 ,! degree ( progress :i* any p>ticul> community has made 9 civilisation may be fairly gaug$ by ! degree ( subdivision ( lab\r among its memb]s2 = x is only by re/rict+ 8 en]gies to a p>ticul> craft t a man c atta9 to any p]fection 9 x4 ,judg$ by ?is /&>d ! ,samoans _h advanc$ "s way on ! road to civilisation1 s9ce among !m ! division ( lab\r 0 c>ri$ out to a consid]able ext5t3 9 _! native /ate !y _h n a few sep>ate trades or pr(essions1 "s ( :i* may ev5 be said to h develop$ ! /ability & organisation ( trade guilds4 ,among !m1 = example1 h\se-build+1 canoe-build+1 tattoo+1 & ! mak+ ( nets & fi%-hooks 7 di/9ct crafts1 :i*1 ?\gh n /rictly h]$it>y1 7 usually conf9$ to p>ticul> families4 ,?us by long practice & exp]i5ce h&$ d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation a consid]able degree ( skill 0 acquir$1 & a consid]able degree ( reputation accru$ to ! family4 ,e trade _h its p>ticul> patron god & 0 gov]n$ by c]ta9 well-kn[n rules4 ,! memb]s =m$1 inde$1 we are told1 a trade union :i* 0 rem>kably effective4 ,?us !y _h rules :i* prescrib$ ! "t & proportions ( paym5t to be made at diff]5t /ages ( ! "w1 & ^! rules 7 /rictly obs]v$ & en=c$ by ! workm54 ,= example1 9 ! h\se-build+ trade1 x 0 a /&+ cu/om t aft] ! sides & "o end ( a h\se 7 f9i%$1 ! pr9cipal "p ( ! paym5t %\ld be made4 ,if ! c>p5t]s 7 dissatisfi$ ) ! am\nt ( paym5t1 !y simply left (f "w & walk$ away1 leav+ ! h\se unf9i%$1 & no c>p5t] 9 ! :ole l5g? & bread? ( ,samoa w\ld d>e to f9i% x1 = x w\ld h be5 z mu* z 8 bus9ess or ev5 8 life 0 wor? to und]take ! job4 ,anyone s foolh>dy z ?us to set ! rules ( ! trade at defiance w\ld h be5 attack$ by ! o!r workm5 & robb$ ( 8 tools2 at ! be/ he w\ld receive a sev]e ?ra%+1 at ! wor/ he might be kill$4 ,a h\se might ?us /& unf9i%$ = mon?s or ev5 ye>s4 ,soon] or lat]1 if he 0 to h a ro( ov] 8 head1 ! un=tunate own] _h to yield to ! trade union & agree to su* t]ms z !y might dictate4 ,if x happ5$ t ! h\se 0 almo/ f9i%$ be=e ! f\r? & f9al paym5t 0 made1 & ! build] at t /age ( ! proce$+s took (f5ce1 he w\ld remove a beam f ! ro( be=e retir+ 9 dudgeon1 & no workman w\ld d>e to replace x4 ,! rules 9 ! o!r trades1 su* z canoe-build+ & tattoo+1 7 practically ! same4 ,9 canoe-build+1 = example1 five sep>ate paym5ts 7 made to ! build]s at five /ages ( ! "w2 & if at any /age ! workm5 7 dissatisfi$ ) ! pay1 !y v unc]emoni\sly ab&on$ ! "w until ! employ] apologis$ or came to t]ms4 ,no o!r p>ty ( workm5 w\ld h ! tem]ity to f9i% ! ab&on$ canoe ^u pa9 ( br++ d[n on _! heads ! wra? ( ! :ole frat]nity ( canoe-build]s2 any su* ra% (f5d]s aga9/ ! rules ( ! guild w\ld be robb$ ( _! tools1 expell$ f _! clan1 & prohibit$ f ex]cis+ _! call+ dur+ ! pleasure ( ! guild4 ,su* /rides _h ! ,samoans made 9 ! direction ( trade unionism4#da #da ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #aeg sqq41 #afb sqq42 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #ada sqq41 #ade sqq41 #aec sqq41 #aeg sqq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bfh1 #cje-cjh4 ,comp>e ,*4 ,wilkes1 op4 cit4 ii4 #adc sqq42 ,violette1 op4 cit4 pp4 #acd sq42 ,s4 ,ella1 op4 cit4 pp4 #fce sq4 ,9 addition to _! h\sehold duties wom5 engag$ 9 special "w ( _! own1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! manufacture ( b>k-clo?s & ( f9e mats2 b among !m !re seems to h be5 no subdivision ( lab\r & consequ5tly no pr(essional guilds4 ,9 all families ! mak+ ( b>k-clo? & mats 0 c>ri$ on by ! wom5 indiff]5tly1 ?\gh "s no d\bt excell$ o!rs 9 ! skill ( _! h&iwork4 ,! clo? 0 made f ! b>k ( ! pap]-mulb]ry 7,morus papyrif]a71 :i* 0 beat5 out on bo>ds ) a groov$ beetle4 ,! s\nd ( ^! beetles r++ on ! bo>ds1 ?\gh n v musical1 0 a famili> s\nd 9 a ,samoan village4 ,! f9e mats1 on ! manufacture ( :i* ! ,samoans p>ticul>ly prid$ !mselves1 7 worn z dresses on c]emonial occasions4 ,!y 7 made f ! leaves ( a l>ge plant :i* ! natives call lau ie2 ! leaves closely resemble ^? ( ! p&anus1 b are l>g]4 ,^! mats 7 ( a /raw or cream col\r1 & 7 sometimes fr+$ ) tufts ( sc>let fea!rs ( ! p>oquet4 ,!y 7 ?9 & almo/ z flexible z calico4 ,_m mon?s1 sometimes ev5 ye>s1 7 sp5t ov] ! mak+ ( a s+le mat4 ,ano!r k9d ( f9e mat 0 made f ! b>k ( a plant ( ! nettle tribe 7,hibiscus tiliaceus71 :i* gr[s wild ov] ! isl&s4 ,mats ( ! latt] sort 7 %aggy on "o side1 &1 be+ blea*$ :ite1 resembl$ fleecy %eep-sk9s4 ,^! f9e mats1 especially ^? made f ! leaves ( ! p&anus-l plant1 7 consid]$ by ! ,samoans to be _! mo/ valuable prop]ty2 !y 7 h&$ d[n z heirlooms f fa!r to son1 & 7 s mu* covet$ t w>s 7 sometimes wag$ to obta9 possession ( !m4 ,! p$igrees ( ! m fam\s mats1 p>ticul>ly ^? fr+$ ) r$ fea!rs1 7 c>efully kept1 & :5 !y *ang$ h&s1 _! hi/ory 0 relat$ ) solemn precision4 ,age enhanc$ _! value2 & _! tatt]$ condition1 deem$ a pro( ( antiquity1 r add$ to ?an detract$ f ! e/imation 9 :i* !y 7 held4 ,! weal? ( a family consi/$ ( its mats2 ) !m x remun]at$ ! s]vices ( c>p5t]s1 boat-build]s1 & tattoo]s4 ,! mats =m$1 inde$1 a sort ( curr5cy or m$ium ( ex*ange2 = :ile ! ,samoans 7 n 9 g5]al a trad+ p1 & !re 0 little or no actual buy+ & sell+ among !m1 !re 0 nev]!less a consid]able ex*ange ( prop]ty on _m occasions2 at m>riage1 = example1 x 0 cu/om>y = ! bride's family to give mats & b>k-clo? z h] d[ry1 :ile ! bridegroom's family provid$ a h\se1 canoes1 & o!r articles4 ,b ?\gh ! f9e mats 7 ?us paid away or giv5 9 ex*ange1 !y _h no fix$ negotiable value1 & ?us did n s]ve ! purpose ( money4#db #db ,*4 ,wilkes1 ,n>rative ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ii4 #adb sq42 ,j4 ,e4 ,ersk9e1 ,j\rnal ( a ,cruise among ! ,isl&s ( ! ,we/]n ,pacific1 pp4 #aji sq42 ,w4 ,t4 ,prit*>d1 ,polynesian ,rem9isc5ces1 pp4 #abi-acb2 ,violette1 ,notes d'un ,missionnaire sur l'ar*ipel de ,samoa1 ,les ,missions ,ca?oliques1 iii4 7#ahgj7 p4 #ace2 ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #aai-aba2 ,s4 ,ella1 ,samoa1 ,report ( ! ,f\r? ,meet+ ( ! ,au/ralasian ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 held at ,hob>t1 ,tasmania1 9 ,janu>y #ahib1 p4 #fcf2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #adc sq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #cjd sq41 #cje1 #cae1 #dcd4 ,sec4 #d4 ,rights ( ,prop]ty ,9 ,samoa ! rights ( private prop]ty1 bo? p]sonal & l&$1 7 fully recognis$1 b ) c]ta9 limitations4 ,! l&s 7 own$ alike by *iefs & by heads ( families2 ! laws regulat+ _! possession 7 v def9ite4 ,9 no case did ! :ole ( ! l& belong to ! *iefs4 ,e family own$ portions ( l& n only 9 ! village & adjo9+ g>d5s1 b f> away 9 ! unreclaim$ =e/s ( ! int]ior4 ,! title1 :i* pass$ by inh]itance1 g5]ally ve/$ 9 ! family2 b ! family 0 repres5t$ by ! head1 :o (t5 claim$ ! "r to dispose ( x by sale or o!rwise4 ,yet he d>$ n d any?+ )\t consult+ all conc]n$2 7 he to p]si/ 9 ?w>t+ ! wi%es ( ! re/1 !y w\ld take 8 title f him & give x to ano!r4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! title to l&$ prop]ty ve/$ 9 individual own]s4 ,! legitimate heir 0 ! olde/ surviv+ bro!r1 b occasionally he waiv$ 8 "r 9 fav\r ( "o ( ! sons4 ,wom5 might hold l& :5 ! male side ( a family 0 ext9ct4 ,! b\nd>ies ( l& 7 well def9$1 be+ m>k$ by pa?ways1 natural limits1 su* z a riv]1 or by tr5*es & /ones half buri$ 9 ! gr\nd4 ,e in* ( gr\nd _h its own]1 ev5 to ! tops ( ! m\nta9s4 ,trespass by a neighb\r+ village w\ld be resi/$1 if necess>y1 by =ce ( arms4#dc #dc ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #agf sq42 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #hc sq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bhg sq41 #cad1 #cci4 ,9 reg>d to p]sonal prop]ty x may be said t1 l l&$ prop]ty1 x belong$ r to ! family ?an to ! individual2 = no ,samoan c\ld refuse to give1 )\t an equival5t1 any?+ :i* any memb] ( 8 family ask$ =4 ,9 ?is way boats1 tools1 g>m5ts1 & s =? pass$ freely f h& to h&4 ,nay1 a man c\ld ent] ! plantation ( a relative & help himself to ! fruit )\t ask+ ! own]'s leave2 su* an appropriation 0 n consid]$ to be /eal+4 ,"u ?is communi/ic sy/em1 z x has be5 call$1 accumulation ( prop]ty 0 sc>cely possible1 & indu/ry 0 disc\rag$4 ,:y %\ld a dilig5t man toil :5 he knew t ! fruit ( 8 lab\r might all be consum$ by lazy k9sfolk8 ,he might lay out a plantation ( bananas1 & :5 !y 7 full-gr[n1 bun* aft] bun* might be pluck$ & eat5 by 8 less indu/ri\s relations1 until1 exasp]at$ beyond endurance1 ! un=tunate own] w\ld cut d[n all ! rema9+ trees4 ,no matt] h[ h>d a man work$1 he c\ld n keep 8 e>n+s2 !y all soon pass$ out ( 8 h&s into ! common /ock ( ! clan4 ,! sy/em1 we are told1 ate l a cank]-worm at ! roots ( individual & national progress4#dd #dd ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #afj sq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bdg1 #bfb sq41 #dcd4 ,sec4 #e4 ,gov]nm5t1 ,social ,ranks1 ,respect = ,*iefs ,! native gov]nm5t ( ,samoa 0 n1 l t ( ,tonga1 a c5tralis$ despotism4 ,"u ! =m ( a mon>*y & ari/ocracy ! political con/itution 0 fundam5tally republican & inde$ democratic4 ,! au?ority ( ! k+ & *iefs 0 limit$ & m or less nom9al2 practically ,samoa consi/$ ( a l>ge numb] ( petty indep5d5t & self-gov]n+ communities1 :i* sometimes comb9$ = def5ce or common action 9 a sort ( loose f$]ation4#de #de ,j4 ,williams1 ,n>rative ( ,mission>y ,ent]prises 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 p4 #ded2 ,h4 ,hale1 ,e?nography & ,philology ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 p4 #bi2 ,t4 ,h4 ,hood1 ,notes ( a ,cruise 9 ,h4,m4,s4 ,fawn 9 ! ,we/]n ,pacific 7,ed9burgh1 #ahfc71 p4 #aah2 ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #agc2 ,s4 ,ella1 ,samoa1 ,report ( ! ,f\r? ,meet+ ( ! ,au/ralasian ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 held at ,hob>t1 ,tasmania1 9 ,janu>y #ahib1 p4 #fca2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #hc sq41 #hi2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #ccc4 ,to a sup]ficial obs]v] ! ari/ocratic ca/ ( ,samoan society might at fir/ sight seem v m>k$4 ,! social ranks 7 %>ply divid$ f ea* o!r1 & ! inf]ior ord]s paid great =mal def]5ce to _! sup]iors4 ,at ! head ( all rank$ ! *iefs 7alii72 b ev5 among !m ! ord9>y *iefs 7 di/9ct f ! sacr$ *iefs 7alii paia71 :o enjoy$ ! highe/ hon\rs4 ,^! sacr$ *iefs pres]v$ _! p$igrees = tw5ty or m g5]ations ) z great c>e z ! olde/ & pr\de/ families 9 ,europe1 & !y possess$ _m feudal rights & privileges :i* 7 z well kn[n & z fully ackn[l$g$ z are1 or 71 ^? ( any "l ( a manor 9 ,engl&4 ,! task ( pres]v+ a record ( a *ief's p$igrees 0 entru/$ to 8 orator or spokesman1 :o belong$ to a l[] social rank 7t ( ! tulafales74#df ,! influ5ce ( *iefs 0 support$ by ! belief t !y possess$ "s magical or sup]natural p[]1 by :i* !y c\ld en=ce _! decisions4#dg ,_! p]sons 7 sacr$ or taboo4 ,!y might n be t\*$ by any "o4 ,no "o might sit beside !m4 ,9 ! public assemblies a vacant place 0 left on ea* side ( ! seat ( hon\r :i* !y occupi$4 ,"s *iefs 7 s holy t !y might n ev5 be look$ at by day4 ,_! food might n be h&$ to !m1 b 0 ?r[n to !m1 & x 0 s sacr$ t no "o might eat any ( x :i* !y _h left ov]4#dh #df ,h4 ,hale1 op4 cit4 p4 #bh2 ,violette1 op4 cit4 p4 #afh2 ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #agc sqq42 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #fe sqq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bhc1 #dcj4 #dg ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #dca4 #dh ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bhj1 #bhc1 #bhe2 ,violette1 op4 cit4 p4 #afh 7z to *iefs too holy to be se5 by day74 ,! sacr$ness attribut$ to _m *iefs ( high rank gave rise to obs]vances :i* 7 irksome to _! families & dep5d5ts1 s9ce :atev] !y came 9 contact ) requir$ to und]go ! c]emony ( lulu'u1 or spr9kl+ ) a p>ticul> k9d ( cocoanut-wat] 7niu-ui72 bo? to remove ! sanctity suppos$ to be communicat$ to ! article or place t _h t\*$ ! *ief1 & also to c\nt]act ! dang] ( spe$y dea?1 :i* 0 believ$ to be imm95t to any p]son :o might t\* ! sacr$ *ief1 or any?+ t he _h t\*$2 s great 0 ! mantle ( sanctity ?r[n ar\nd ^! *iefs1 al?\gh unconnect$ ) ! prie/hood4 ,?us ! spot :]e su* a *ief _h sat or slept 0 spr9kl$ ) wat] imm$iately he _h left x1 z 7 also ! p]sons :o _h sat on ei!r side ( him :5 he receiv$ company1 z well z all ! att5dants :o _h wait$ ^u him4 ,?is rem>kable cu/om 0 also obs]v$ on o!r occasions4 ,x 0 always us$ on ! occasion ( depos+ a *ief1 & depriv+ him ( 8 ,ao1 or titles1 9 :i* case ! c]emony 0 p]=m$ by "s ( ^? :o _h ei!r conf]r$ ! titles or _h ! p[] to d s4 ,9 ! case ( ,o le ,tamafa+a1 ! usurp] :o 0 kill$ 9 ,a'ana 9 #ahbi1 8 body 0 fir/ spr9kl$ ) cocoanut-wat]1 & 8 title ( ,o le ,tuia'ana recall$ f him1 be=e he 0 hewn 9 pieces4 ,! c]emony consi/$ ( spr9kl+ ! body ) cocoanut-wat]1 & ! (ficiat+ *ief or ,tulafale say+1 ',give u back our ,ao1' by :i* means ! title 0 recall$1 & ! sacr$ness atta*+ to x 0 dispell$4 ,x 0 also us$ ov] p]sons newly tattoo$1 & ^u ^? :o contam9at$ !mselves by contact ) a dead body4 ,9 ea* ( ^! cases ! c]emony 0 c>efully obs]v$1 & rev]5tly att5d$ to1 z v dire consequ5ces 7 consid]$ c]ta9 to foll[ its omission4#di ,?us ! sacr$ness ( a *ief 0 deem$ dang]\s to all p]sons ) :om he might come1 :e!r directly or indirectly1 into contact2 x 0 app>5tly conceiv$ z a sort ( electric fluid :i* dis*>g$ itself1 x might be ) fatal effect1 on :atev] x t\*$4 ,& ! sacr$ness ( a *ief 0 cle>ly class$ ) ! uncleanness ( a dead body1 s9ce contact ) a dead body involv$ ! same dang]\s consequ5ces z contact ) ! sacr$ p]son ( a *ief & _h to be rem$i$ 9 precisely ! same mann]4 ,! two conceptions ( hol9ess & uncleanness1 :i* to u seem opposite & ev5 contradictory1 bl5d 9 ! idea ( taboo1 9 :i* bo? are implicitly held z x 7 9 solution4 ,x requires ! analytic t5d5cy ( m advanc$ ?\ght to di/+ui% ! two conceptions1 to precipitate1 z x 71 ! compon5ts ( ! solution 9 ! te/+-tube ( ! m9d4 #di ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #abg sq4 ,comp>e ,violette1 op4 cit4 p4 #afh2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bca1 #bhj1 #bhe4 ,9 ?is "w ,dr4 ,br[n rem>ks 7p4 #bca7 t !re is no cle> explanation ( ! cu/om ( spr9kl+ coco-nut wat] z a purificatory rite4 ,b ! explanation giv5 by ,/air1 :i* ,i h quot$ 9 ! text1 is cle> & satisfactory1 & else:]e 7p4 #bhe7 ,dr4 ,br[n implicitly adopts ! same explanation1 :]e he says t ! man :o _h s]v$ kava to a sacr$ *ief spr9kl$ himself all ov] to wa% away ! sacr$ness 7paia74 ,! pr(\nd respect :i* ! ,samoans ent]ta9$ = _! *iefs manife/$ itself 9 yet ano!r fa%ion4 ,a special =m ( spee* 0 adopt$ 9 address+ a *ief1 9 conv]s+ 9 8 pres5ce1 or ev5 9 allud+ to him 9 8 abs5ce4 ,?us !re arose :at is call$ a *iefs' language1 or polite diction1 :i* 0 us$ exclusively 9 speak+ to or ( a *ief1 :e!r ! speak] 0 a common man or a *ief ( l[] rank4 ,b x 0 nev] us$ by a *ief :5 he 0 speak+ ( himself4 ,p]sons ( high rank1 9 address+ o!rs & allud+ to !mselves1 always employ$ ord9>y language & sometimes ! v l[e/ t]ms2 s t x 0 (t5 amus+ to li/5 to expressions ( feign$ humility utt]$ by a pr\d man1 :o w\ld h be5 indignant inde$ if ! same t]ms :i* he appli$ to himself _h be5 appli$ to him by o!rs4 ,?us1 = example1 ! actions ( sitt+1 talk+1 eat+1 sleep+1 & dy+ 7 express$ by diff]5t t]ms accord+ z ! ag5t 0 a *ief or a common man4 ,! ord9>y ^w = a h\se 0 fale2 b a *ief's h\se 0 call$ maota4 ,! common ^w = ang] 0 ita2 ! polite t]m 0 toasa4 ,to sleep 9 ord9>y language 0 moe1 b 9 polite language x 0 t(a or toa4 ,to be sick 9 common spee* 0 mai1 b 9 polite language x 0 ngas5gase1 faatafa1 pulu pulusi4 ,to die 0 mate or pe 7said ( animals71 or oti 7said ( m572 b ! c\rtly expressions = dea? 7 maliu 7gone71 folau 7gone on a voyage71 fale-lauasi1 ngasololo ao1 & a numb] ( o!rs4 ,! t]ms sub/itut$ 9 ! c\rt language sometimes _h a mean+ ! v opposite ( t borne by ! correspond+ t]ms 9 ! ord9>y language4 ,= example1 9 ! c\rt language firewood 0 call$ polata1 :i* prop]ly means ! /em ( ! banana plant1 a wood t is incombu/ible4 ,if ! use ( an ord9>y ^w 9 ! pres5ce ( a *ief 7 unavoidable1 x _h to be prefac$ by ! apologetic phrase veaeane1 lit]ally sav+ y\r pres5ce1 e "t ! ^w 0 spok54 ,nay1 ! c\rtly language itself v>i$ ) ! rank ( ! *ief address$ or allud$ to4 ,= example1 if y wi%$ to say t a p]son _h come1 y w\ld say alu ( a common man2 alala ( a head ( a h\sehold or l&[n] 7tulafale72 maliu ( a petty *ief2 susu ( a *ief ( ! second class2 & afiu ( a *ief ( ! highe/ rank4#ej ,! same respect :i* 0 %[n 9 ! use ( words descriptive ( a *ief's actions or possessions 0 naturally ext5d$ to 8 own "n1 :5 he belong$ to ! class ( sacr$ *iefs4 ,if 8 "n happ5$ to be also ! "n ( a common object1 x ceas$ to be us$ to designate ! ?+ 9 "q1 & a new ^w or phrase 0 sub/itut$ = x4 ,h5ce=? ! old "n ( ! object 0 dropp$ & might nev] aga9 be pron\nc$ 9 ! *ief's di/rict nor inde$ any:]e 9 8 pres5ce4 ,9 "o di/rict1 = example1 ! *ief's "n 0 ,fly+-fox2 h5ce ! ord9>y ^w = fly+-fox 7re'a7 0 dropp$1 & t species ( bat 0 kn[n z bird ( heav5 7manu langi74#ea ,aga91 :5 ! *ief ( ,pango-pango1 9 ! isl& ( ,tutuila1 0 call$ ,maunga1 :i* means m\nta91 t ^w might nev] be us$ 9 8 pres5ce1 & a c\rtly t]m 0 sub/itut$ = x4#eb ,?is is only "o in/ance ( ! ways 9 :i* ! dialects ( savages t5d to v>y f ea* o!r "u ! influ5ce ( sup]/ition4 #ej ,h4 ,hale1 ,e?nography & ,philology ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 pp4 #bh sq42 ,violette1 ,notes d'un ,missionnaire sur l'ar*ipel de ,samoa1 ,les ,missions ,ca?oliques1 iii4 7#ahgj7 p4 #aij2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #fg sqq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #chj sq4 ,comp>e ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #age4 #ea ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bhj1 #cha4 #eb ,j4 ,e4 ,ersk9e1 ,j\rnal ( a ,cruise among ! ,isl&s ( ! ,we/]n ,pacific1 p4 #dd4 ,yet despite ! extraord9>y def]5ce ?us paid to *iefs 9 outw>d %[1 ! au?ority :i* !y possess$ 0 = ! mo/ "p v limit$2 inde$ 9 ! ord9>y affairs ( life ! p[]s & privileges ( a *ief 7 little m ?an nom9al1 & he mov$ ab\t among ! p & %>$ _! ev]yday employm5ts j l a common man4 ,?us1 = example1 he w\ld g out ) a fi%+ p>ty1 "w 9 8 plantation1 help at build+ a h\se or a canoe1 & ev5 l5d a h& 9 cook+ at a native ov54 ,s /rong 0 ! democratic _s among ! ,samoans4 ,! ord9>y duties ( a *ief consi/$ 9 adm9i/]+ ! law1 settl+ disputes1 puni%+ transgressors1 appo9t+ fea/s1 impos+ taboos1 & lead+ 8 p 9 w>4 ,x 0 9 "t ( w> t a *ief's dignity & au?ority 7 at _! highe/1 b ev5 !n he c\ld h>dly ma9ta9 /rict discipl9e4#ec ,h[ev]1 ! influ5ce ( *iefs v>i$ a good deal & dep5d$ 9 great measure on _! p]sonal "*4 ,if besides 8 h]$it>y rank a *ief 0 a man ( en]gy & ability1 he might become practically supreme 9 8 village or di/rict4 ,"s *iefs ev5 us$ _! p[] 9 a v tyrannical mann]4#ed #ec ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #agd sq42 ,s4 ,ella1 ,samoa1 ,report ( ! ,f\r? ,meet+ ( ! ,au/ralasian ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 held at ,hob>t1 ,tasmania1 9 ,janu>y #ahib1 pp4 #fca sq42 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 p4 #gj2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #bhf4 #ed ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 p4 #gj2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #bhf4 ,b = ! abuse ( p[] by _! nom9al rul]s ! ,samoans _h a rem$y at h&4 ,:5 a *ief r5d]$ himself odi\s to 8 p by tyranny & oppression1 ! h\sehold]s or g5try 7tulafales7 & neighb\r+ *iefs w\ld n uncommonly depose him & transf] 8 (fice to ano!r2 9 extreme cases !y might bani% him or ev5 put him to dea?4 ,! place ( bani%m5t = exil$ *iefs 0 ! isl& ( ,tutuila4 ,?i!r ! fall5 pot5tate 0 convey$ "u cu/ody 9 a canoe1 & on l&+ he 0 made to run ! gauntlet betwe5 two r[s ( ! inhabitants1 :o belab\r$ him ) /icks1 pelt$ him ) /ones1 or subject$ him to o!r indignities4 ,he 0 lucky if he escap$ ) no?+ worse ?an bruises1 = sometimes ! injuries inflict$ 7 sev]e or actually fatal4#ee ,*iefta9%ip 0 h]$it>y 9 ! male l9e1 b did n necess>ily pass f fa!r to son2 ! usual heir w\ld seem to h be5 ! elde/ surviv+ bro!r1 & next to him "o ( ! sons4 ,b a dy+ *ief might nom9ate 8 successor1 ?\gh ! f9al decision re/$ ) ! heads ( families4 ,fail+ a male heir1 a daught] might be appo9t$ to1 or might assume1 ! pr]ogative ( *iefta9%ip4#ef #ee ,j4 ,williams1 ,n>rative ( ,mission>y ,ent]prises 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 p4 #ded2 ,h4 ,hale1 ,e?nography & ,philology ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 p4 #bh2 ,violette1 ,notes d'un ,missionnaire sur l'ar*ipel de ,samoa1 ,les ,missions ,ca?oliques1 iii4 7#ahgj7 p4 #aai2 ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #agg2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #ga sqq4 #ef ,violette1 op4 cit4 p4 #aai2 ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #agd2 ,s4 ,ella1 op4 cit4 p4 #fca2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bhb1 #bhf1 #dcj4 ,9 addition to _! h]$it>y nobility *iefs might be rais$ to high] rank by ! possession ( titles 7ao71 :i* 7 9 ! gift ( c]ta9 rul+ t[ns or villages4 ,:5 f\r or1 accord+ to ano!r acc\nt1 five ( ^! titles 7 conf]r$ ^u a s+le *ief1 he 0 call$ o le tupu1 or ,k+ ( ,samoa4 ,b if ! con/itu5cies 7 n unanim\s 9 _! *oice ( a c&idate1 ! ?rone might rema9 vacant = long p]iods4 ,?us ! mon>*y ( ,samoa 0 elective2 ! k+ 0 *os5 by a h]$it>y ari/ocracy1 & 8 p[]s 7 temp]$ by ! rights & privileges ( ! nobility4 ,yet "u ! %[ ( a limit$ mon>*y ! con/itution 0 ess5tially a f$]al republic4#eg ,! c]emony ( ano9t+ a ,k+ ( ,samoa 9 anci5t times appe>s to h curi\sly resembl$ a simil> solemnity 9 mon>*ical ,europe4 ,x took place 9 pres5ce ( a l>ge assembly ( *iefs & p4 ,a sacr$ /one 0 consecrat$ z a ?rone1 or r /ool1 on :i* ! k+ /ood1 :ile a prie/1 :o mu/ also be a *ief1 call$ ^u ! gods to behold & bless ! k+1 & pron\nc$ d5unciations aga9/ su* z %\ld fail to obey him4 ,he !n p\r$ sc5t$ oil f a native bottle ov] ! head1 %\ld]s1 & body ( ! k+1 & proclaim$ 8 sev]al titles & hon\rs4#eh #eg ,violette1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aah sq42 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #fe sqq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #bhc4 ,comp>e ,h4 ,hale1 ,e?nography & ,philology ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 p4 #bi4 #eh ,s4 ,ella1 ,samoa1 ,report ( ! ,f\r? ,meet+ ( ! ,au/ralasian ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 held at ,hob>t1 ,tasmania1 9 ,janu>y #ahib1 p4 #fca4 ,next bel[ ! *iefs rank$ an inf]ior ord] ( nobility call$ tulafales or faipules1 :o are v>i\sly describ$ z h\sehold]s1 c\ncillors1 & second>y *iefs4 ,!y =m$ a v p[]ful & influ5tial class2 inde$ we are told t !y g5]ally ex]cis$ great] au?ority ?an ! *iefs1 & t ! real control ( di/ricts (t5 c5tr$ 9 _! h&s4 ,!y usually own$ l>ge l&s3 !y 7 ! pr9cipal advis]s ( ! *iefs3 ! orators 7 usually select$ f _! numb]3 ! ao or titles ( di/ricts 7 always 9 _! gift2 & !y _h ! p[]1 :i* !y did n scruple to use1 ( depos+ & bani%+ an unpopul> *ief4 ,sometimes a *ief contriv$ to br+ !m into subjection to himself2 b z a rule !y 7 a /urdy class1 :o did n %r9k f speak+ out _! m9ds to _! social sup]iors1 (t5 utt]+ v unpalatable tru?s & act+ ) great det]m9ation :5 ! conduct ( a *ief incurr$ _! displeasure4 ,9 %ort1 !y made laws1 levi$ f9es1 & g5]ally rul$ ! village4#ei #ei ,h4 ,hale1 op4 cit4 p4 #bh2 ,*4 ,wilkes1 op4 cit4 ii4 #aeb2 ,violette1 op4 cit4 p4 #aai2 ,s4 ,ella1 op4 cit4 p4 #fbi2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #gj sq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bhe sq41 #bhg4 ,bel[ ! tulafales rank$ ! faleupolu or ,h\se ( ,upolu1 & ! tangata nuu or ,m5 ( ! ,l&4 ,! =m] 7 consid]able l&[n]s & possess$ mu* influ5ce2 ! latt] 7 ! humble/ class1 be>+ arms 9 "t ( w>1 & cultivat+ ! soil1 fi%+1 & cook+ 9 "t ( peace4 ,b !y 7 f> f be+ s]fs2 mo/ ( !m 7 eligible = ! position ( head ( a family1 if1 :5 a vacancy occurr$1 ! *oice ( ! family fell ^u !m4#fj ,= ! title ( head ( a family 0 n h]$it>y4 ,a son might succe$ 8 fa!r 9 ! dignity2 b ! memb]s ( ! family w\ld sometimes pass ov] ! son & conf] ! title on an uncle1 a c\s91 or ev5 a p]fect /rang]1 if !y desir$ to increase ! num]ical /r5g? ( ! family4#fa #fj ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #gd sq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #dcb4 #fa ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #agc4 ,! villages ( ! ,samoans 7 practically self-gov]n+ & indep5d5t communities1 ?\gh e village 0 m or less loosely f$]at$ ) ! o!r villages ( its di/rict4 ,ea* di/rict or conf$]ation ( villages _h its capital 7laumua7 or rul+ t[n4 ,^! f$]al capitals1 h[ev]1 possess$ no absolute au?ority ov] ! o!r villages ( ! di/rict2 & ?\gh great respect 0 always %[n to !m1 ! p ( ! di/rict1 or ev5 ( a p>ticul> village1 w\ld (t5 diss5t f ! decisions ( ! capital & ass]t _! indep5d5ce ( action4#fb ,( ?is indep5d5ce a notable in/ance occurr$ :5 ! ,ca?olic mission>ies fir/ settl$ 9 ,samoa4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ! ,prote/ant mission>ies a f$]al assembly _h pass$ a decree /rictly =bidd+ ! admission ( ,roman ,ca?olics to ! isl&s1 & ?reat5+ ) w> any community t %\ld d>e to h>b\r ! obnoxi\s sect4 ,! bett] to en=ce ! decree1 pray]s 7 publicly (f]$ up 9 ! *apels t ,god w\ld be pleas$ to keep all ,papi/s out ( ,samoa4 ,to ^! *>itable petitions ! deity seems to h turn$ a deaf e>2 =1 9 spite ( pray]s & prohibitions1 two ,ca?olic prie/s & a lay bro!r l&$ & 7 hospitably receiv$ & effectually protect$ by ! p ( a village1 :o paid no he$ ei!r to ! remon/rances ( ! *iefs or to ! ?und]s ( ! f$]al assembly4#fc #fb ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #ahj2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #ccc4 #fc ,violette1 ,notes d'un ,missionnaire sur l'ar*ipel de ,samoa1 ,les ,missions ,ca?oliques1 iii4 7#ahgj7 pp4 #aai sq4 ,! population ( a village might be f two to five hundr$ p]sons1 & !re might be eight or t5 villages 9 a di/rict4 ,?r\gh\t ! ,samoan isl&s !re 7 9 all eight ( ^! sep>ate di/ricts4 ,! union ( ! villages 9 a di/rict 0 volunt>y2 !y =m$ by common cons5t a petty /ate = _! mutual protection4 ,:5 w> 0 ?reat5$ by ano!r di/rict1 no s+le village act$ alone2 ! :ole di/rict1 or /ate1 assembl$ at _! capital & held a special p>liam5t to conc]t ! measures to be tak54#fd ,! b\nd>ies ( ! di/ricts 7 well kn[n & zeal\sly gu>d$1 if necess>y1 by =ce ( arms aga9/ ! aggression ( a neighb\r+ /ate4 ,! w>d5%ip ( ! m>*es 0 committ$ to ! two ne>e/ villages on ei!r side1 ! inhabitants ( :i* 7 call$ ,b\nd>y-,keep]s4 ,betwe5 two su* villages 9 =m] days mutual ill-feel+ con/antly exi/$ & bord] feuds 7 frequ5t4#fe #fd ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #agc1 #ahj sq4 ,a ?ird local division1 int]m$iate betwe5 ! village & ! di/rict1 is m5tion$ by ,/air1 :o calls x a settlem5t 7,old ,samoa1 p4 #hc72 b ! o!r au?orities :om ,i h consult$ appe> n to recognise su* an int]m$iate division4 #fe ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 p4 #hc4 ,! =m ( gov]nm5t bo? ( ! village & ( ! di/rict 0 p>liam5t>y4 ,affairs 7 discuss$ & settl$ 9 a repres5tative assembly 7fono71 compos$ ( ! lead+ m5 ( ea* village or di/rict4 ,^! repres5tatives includ$ ! *iefs1 toge!r ) ! h\sehold]s or l&[n]s 7tulafales7 & ! inf]ior g5try 7! faleupolu74 ,! m weighty affairs1 su* z decl>+ w> or mak+ peace1 or any matt]s ( importance :i* conc]n$ ! :ole di/rict1 7 debat$ 9 ! g5]al p>liam5t ( ! di/rict1 :ile bus9ess ( purely local int]e/ 0 transact$ 9 ! p>liam5t ( ! village4 ,x 0 ! privilege ( ! capital to conv5e ! di/rict p>liam5t1 to preside ov] its delib]ations1 to settle disput$ po9ts1 to sum up ! proce$+s1 & to dismiss ! assembly4 ,^! meet+s 7 usually conduct$ ) mu* =mality & decorum4 ,!y 7 always held 9 ! l>ge public place 7malae or m>ae7 ( ! village or t[n4 ,x 0 an op5 gre5 spot surr\nd$ by a circle ( trees & h\ses4 ,! c5tre 0 occupi$ by a l>ge h\se :i* belong$ to ! *ief & 0 set ap>t z a c>avans>y = ! ent]ta9m5t ( /rang]s & visitors4 ,memb]s ( all ! ?ree ord]s :i* compos$ ! p>liam5t _h ! "r to address x2 b ! speak+ 0 usually left to ! h\sehold]s or l&[n]s 7tulafales74 ,ea* *ief _h g5]ally atta*$ to him "o ( t ord] :o act$ z 8 m\?piece2 & 9 l mann] ea* settlem5t reta9$ ! s]vices ( a memb] ( ! ord]1 :o 0 ! lead+ orator ( ! di/rict4 ,decisions 7 rea*$ n by vot+ b by g5]al cons5t1 ! discussion be+ prolong$ until "s conclusion1 satisfactory to ! great] "p ( ! memb]s1 & p>ticul>ly to ! mo/ influ5tial1 0 arriv$ at4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal pr]ogatives ( ! k+ seems to h be5 t ( convok+ a p>liam5t2 ?\gh1 if he refus$ to d s1 :5 circum/ances seem$ to require x1 ! assembly w\ld und\bt$ly h met )\t him4 ,! functions ( ^! assemblies 7 judicial z well z legislative & delib]ative4 ,(f5d]s 7 arraign$ be=e !m &1 if f\nd guilty1 7 condemn$ & puni%$4#ff #ff ,h4 ,hale1 ,e?nography & ,philology ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 p4 #bi2 ,*4 ,wilkes1 ,n>rative ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ii4 #aec sq42 ,violette1 ,notes d'un ,missionnaire sur l'ar*ipel de ,samoa1 ,les ,missions ,ca?oliques1 iii4 7#ahgj7 p4 #aai2 ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #agg sqq41 #ahj sqq42 ,s4 ,ella1 op4 cit4 pp4 #fcb sq42 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #hd sqq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bhf sq41 #bhh sqq4 ,x says mu* = ! natural ability ( ! ,samoans t !y %\ld h atta9$ to a level ( culture s comp>atively high ) mat]ial res\rces s scanty & defective4 ,nature1 inde$1 suppli$ !m ) abundance ( food & timb]1 b %e d5i$ !m ! metals1 :i* 7 unkn[n 9 ! isl&s until !y 7 introduc$ f ,europe4 ,9 _! native /ate1 accord+ly1 ! ,samoans 7 /ill 9 ! ,/one ,age1 _! pr9cipal tools be+ /one axes & adzes1 made ma9ly f a close-gra9$ basalt :i* is f\nd 9 ! isl& ( ,tutuila4 ,( ^! axes ! r\gh] 7 *ipp$1 b ! f9] 7 gr\nd4 ,%ells 7 us$ z cutt+ in/rum5ts & z pun*es to bore holes 9 planks2 & combs1 neatly c>v$ out ( bone1 7 employ$ z in/rum5ts 9 tattoo+4 ,a wood5 dibble s]v$ !m in/ead ( a pl\gh to turn up ! e>?4 ,! only sk9s !y prep>$ 7 ^? ( %>ks & "s o!r fi%1 :i* !y us$ z rasps = smoo?+ woodwork4 ,! art ( pott]y 0 unkn[n4#fg ,food 0 cook$ 9 ov5s ( hot /ones2#fh fire 0 k9dl$ by ! friction ( wood1 ! me?od adopt$ be+ :at is call$ ! /ick-&-groove process4#fi #fg ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #cai2 ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #aeh2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #adf1 #adi1 #aed1 #aei4 ,z to ! wood5 dibbles1 see ,ella1 op4 cit4 p4 #fce 7above1 p4 #aff74 #fh ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #aaa sq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #acj4 #fi ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #abi4 ,we n[ pass to a consid]ation ( ! religion ( ^! int]e/+ p1 especially 9 reg>d to ! human s\l & its de/9y aft] dea?4 ,sec4 #f4 ,religion3 ,gods ( ,families1 ,villages1 & ,di/ricts ,! fir/ mission>y to ,samoa1 ,john ,williams1 0 /ruck by ! contra/ betwe5 ! religion ( ! ,samoans & ! religion ( ! o!r ,polynesian peoples :om he _h /udi$4 ,! religi\s sy/em ( ! ,samoans1 he says1 diff]s ess5tially f t :i* obta9$ at ! ,tahitian1 ,society1 & o!r isl&s ) :i* we are acqua9t$4 ,!y h nei!r m>aes1 nor temples1 nor alt>s1 nor (f]+s2 &1 consequ5tly1 none ( ! b>b>\s & sangu9>y rites obs]v$ at ! o!r gr\ps4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 ! ,samoans 7 consid]$ an impi\s race1 & _! impiety became prov]bial ) ! p ( ,r>otonga2 =1 :5 upbraid+ a p]son :o neglect$ ! wor%ip ( ! gods1 !y w\ld call him 'a godless ,samoan4' ,b1 al?\gh hea!nism 0 pres5t$ to u by ! ,samoans 9 a dress diff]5t f t 9 :i* we _h be5 accu/om$ to see x1 hav+ no alt>s /a9$ ) human blood1 no m>aes /rew$ ) ! skulls & bones ( its num]\s victims1 no sacr$ groves devot$ to rites ( :i* brutality & s5suality 7 ! mo/ obvi\s features1 ?is p _h 'lords _m & gods _m'2--_! religi\s sy/em 0 z obvi\sly m>k$ z any o!r ) absurdity1 sup]/ition1 & vice4#gj #gj ,john ,williams1 ,n>rative ( ,mission>y ,ent]prises 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 pp4 #dfe sq4 ,?is acc\nt ( ! ,samoan religion1 writt5 at a "t :5 ! isl&s 7 n yet fully op5$ up to ,europeans1 mu/ be modifi$ by ! te/imony ( lat] writ]s1 9 p>ticul> ) reg>d to ! alleg$ abs5ce ( temples & (f]+s2 b 9 its broad outl9es x holds good1 9 s f> z ! ,samoan ritual 0 hon\rably di/+ui%$ f t ( _m o!r isl&s 9 ! ,pacific by its fre$om f human sacrifice & f ! gross & lic5ti\s practices :i* prevail$ 9 o!r bran*es ( ! ,polynesian race4 ,! notion ( ! ,r>otongans t ! ,samoans 7 a godless p has prov$ to be totally mi/ak54 ,on clos] acqua9tance x 0 f\nd t !y liv$ "u ! influ5ce ( a ho/ ( imag9>y deities :o ex]cis$ _! fai? & dem&$ _! ob$i5ce4 ,among ^! deities ! mo/ num]\s & p]haps ! mo/ influ5tial 7 ! aitu1 :i* 7 ! gods ( individuals1 ( families1 ( t[ns or villages1 & ( di/ricts4#ga ,^! gods 7 suppos$ to appe> 9 "s visible embodim5t or inc>nation1 & ! p>ticul> ?+1 or class ( ?+s1 9 :i* 8 god 0 9 ! habit ( appe>+1 0 to ! ,samoan an object ( v5]ation1 & he took great c>e nev] to injure x or treat x ) contempt4 ,9 ! great majority ( cases ! ?+ 9 :i* ! deity pres5t$ himself to 8 wor%ipp]s 0 a class ( natural objects1 mo/ commonly a species ( animal1 bird1 or fi%1 less frequ5tly a tree or plant or an inanimate object1 su* z a /one1 ! ra9b[1 or a meteor4 ,"o man1 = example1 saw 8 god 9 ! eel1 ano!r 9 ! %>k1 ano!r 9 ! turtle1 ano!r 9 ! owl1 ano!r 9 ! liz>d1 & s on ?r\gh\t all ! fi% ( ! sea1 ! birds1 ! f\r-foot$ bea/s1 & creep+ ?+s4 ,9 "s ( ! %ell-fi%1 su* z ! limpets on ! rocks1 gods 7 suppos$ to be pres5t4 ,x 0 n uncommon to see an intellig5t *ief mutt]+ pray]s to a fly1 an ant1 or a liz>d1 :i* *anc$ to alight or crawl 9 8 pres5ce4 ,a man w\ld eat freely ( ! inc>nation ( ano!r man's god1 b w\ld mo/ scrupul\sly refra9 f eat+ ( ! inc>nation ( 8 own p>ticul> god1 believ+ t dea? w\ld be ! consequ5ce ( su* sacrilege4 ,! (f5d$ god 0 suppos$ to take up 8 abode 9 ! body ( ! impi\s eat] & to g5]ate !re ! v ?+ :i* he _h eat51 till x caus$ 8 dea?4 ,= example1 if a man1 ^: family god 0 inc>nate 9 ! prickly sea-ur*9 7,e*9us71 7 to eat ( a sea-ur*91 x 0 believ$ t a prickly sea-ur*9 w\ld gr[ 9 8 body & kill him4 ,if 8 family god 7 inc>nate 9 ! turtle1 & he 0 ra% en\gh to eat a turtle1 ! god w\ld ent] into him1 & 8 voice w\ld be he>d f )9 ! s9n]'s body1 say+1 ,i am kill+ ?is man2 he ate my inc>nation4 ,occasionally1 h[ev]1 ! p5alty exact$ by ! deity 0 less sev]e4 ,if1 = in/ance1 a man's god 0 9 cockles1 & he ate "o ( ^! %ell-fi%1 a cockle w\ld gr[ on 8 nose2 if he m]ely pick$ up a cockle on ! %ore & walk$ away ) x1 ! %ell-fi% w\ld appe> on "s "p ( 8 p]son4 ,b 9 nei!r case1 app>5tly1 w\ld ! k9dly cockle take ! life ( ! (f5d]4 ,x 0 n a blood?ir/y deity4 ,aga91 a man ^: god 0 9 coco-nuts w\ld nev] dr9k ! refre%+ bev]age :i* o!r p 7 free to extract f ! nuts4 ,b ! wor%ipp] :o %rank f eat+ or dr9k+ 8 god 9 ! %ape1 say1 ( an octopus or ( coco-nut wat]1 w\ld (t5 look on ) indiff]5ce :ile o!r p p>took ( ^! 8 div9ities4 ,he might pity _! ignorance or envy _! lib]ty1 b he w\ld n seek to enlight5 ! "o or to re/ra9 ! o!r4#gb ,inde$ ?is indiff]5ce 0 sometimes c>ri$ to great l5g?s4 ,= example1 a man ^: god 0 inc>nate 9 ! turtle1 ?\gh he w\ld n himself d>e to p>take ( turtle1 w\ld h no scruple 9 help+ a neighb\r to cut up & cook a turtle2 b 9 do+ s he took ! precaution to tie a b&age ov] 8 m\? to prev5t an embryo turtle f slipp+ d[n 8 ?roat & seal+ 8 doom by gr[+ up 9 8 /oma*4#gc ,sometimes ! inc>nate deity1 out ( consid]ation p]haps = ! weakness ( ! fle%1 w\ld limit 8 pres5ce to a portion ( an animal1 x might be ! left w+ ( a pigeon1 or ! tail ( a dog1 or ! "r leg ( a pig4#gd ,! advantages ( su* a re/riction to a wor%ipp] are obvi\s4 ,a man1 = in/ance1 to :om x w\ld h be5 dea? to eat ! "r leg ( a pig1 might p>take ( a left leg ( pork ) safety & ev5 ) gu/o4 ,& s ) ! re/ ( ! div9e m5ag]y4 #ga ,w4 ,t4 ,prit*>d1 ,polynesian ,rem9isc5ces 7,london1 #ahff71 pp4 #ajf sqq42 ,t4 ,h4 ,hood1 ,notes ( a ,cruise 9 ,h4,m4,s4 ,fawn 9 ! ,we/]n ,pacific1 p4 #ada2 ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #af sqq42 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #baa1 #bae sqq4 #gb ,j4 ,williams1 ,n>rative ( ,mission>y ,ent]prises 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 p4 #dfh2 ,*4 ,wilkes1 ,n>rative ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ii4 #aca sq42 ,t4 ,h4 ,hood1 ,notes ( a ,cruise 9 ,h4,m4,s4 ,fawn 9 ! ,we/]n ,pacific1 p4 #ada2 ,w4 ,t4 ,prit*>d1 ,polynesian ,rem9isc5ces1 pp4 #ajf sqq42 ,violette1 ,notes d'un ,missionnaire sur l'ar*ipel de ,samoa1 ,les ,missions ,ca?oliques1 iii4 7#ahgj7 p4 #aaa2 ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #af sqq41 #dj1 #ej sq42 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #baa1 #baf sq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #acg1 #bah4 ,! acc\nt ( ^! deities giv5 by ,dr4 ,g4 ,turn] is by f> ! fulle/ & be/4 #gc ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #fg sq4 #gd ,w4 ,t4 ,prit*>d1 op4 cit4 p4 #ajg4 ,simil>ly "s p _h pig's he>t = _! god1 or ! embodim5t ( _! god1 & !y scrupul\sly avoid$ eat+ pigs' he>ts le/ pigs' he>ts %\ld gr[ 9 _! bodies & s cause _! dea?4 ,see ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #gb4 ,h[ev]1 ev5 if ! wor/ _h happ5$1 t is to say1 if ! deity _h be5 kill$1 cook$ & eat51 ! consequ5ces 7 n necess>ily fatal to 8 wor%ipp]s2 !re 7 modes ( r$eem+ ! lives ( ! s9n]s & ( expiat+ _! s94 ,suppose1 = example1 t ! god ( a h\sehold 0 ! cuttle-fi%1 & t "s visitor to ! h\se _h1 ei!r 9 ignorance or 9 bravado1 caught a cuttle-fi% & cook$ x1 or t a memb] ( ! family _h be5 pres5t :]e a cuttle-fi% 0 eat51 ! family w\ld meet 9 conclave to consult ab\t ! sacrilege1 & !y w\ld select "o ( _! numb]1 :e!r a man or a woman1 to g & lie d[n 9 a cold ov5 & be cov]$ ov] ) leaves1 j z 9 ! process ( bak+1 all to pret5d t ! p]son 0 be+ (f]$ up z a burnt sacrifice to av]t ! wra? ( ! deity4 ,:ile ?is solemn pret5ce 0 be+ enact$1 ! :ole family w\ld engage 9 pray]1 say+1 ,o bald-head$ cuttle-fi%1 =give :at has be5 done4 ,x 0 all ! "w ( a /rang]4 ,if !y did n ?us abase !mselves be=e ! div9e cuttle-fi%1 !y believ$ t ! god w\ld visit !m & cause a cuttle-fi% to gr[ int]nally 9 _! bodies & s be ! dea? ( "s ( !m4#ge ,simil> modes ( appeas+ ! wra? ( div9e eels1 mullets1 /++ ray fi%1 turtles1 wild pigeons1 & g>d5 liz>ds 7 adopt$ ) equal success4#gf #ge ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #ca sq4 #gf ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #ch1 #eh1 #ei1 #fi sq41 #gb4 ,app>5tly ! ,samoans 7 ev5 m conc]n$ to def5d _! village gods or di/rict gods aga9/ injury & insult ?an to gu>d ! deities ( simple individuals4 ,we are told t all ! inhabitants ( a di/rict w\ld ?us unite = ! protection ( ! local div9ity4#gg ,= example1 x happ5$ t 9 a village :]e ! fir/ native ,*ri/ian tea*]s settl$ "o ( !m caught a sea-eel 7,mura5a7 & cook$ x1 & two ( ! village lads1 :o 7 _! s]vants1 ate "s ( ! eel = _! supp]4 ,b ! eel 0 ! village god1 & :5 ! villag]s he>d t ! lads _h eat5 ! god1 !y adm9i/]$ a s\nd ?ra%+ to ! culprits1 & dragg$ !m (f to a cook+-h\se :]e !y laid !m d[n 9 ! ov5 pit & cov]$ !m ) leaves 9 ! usual way1 z if ! lads _h be5 kill$ & 7 n[ to be cook$ z a peace-(f]+ to av]t ! wra? ( ! deity4#gh ,:5 ,john ,williams _h caus$ "s ,*ri/ian natives to kill a l>ge sea-snake & dry x on ! rocks to be pres]v$ z a specim51 ! hea!n fi%]m5 ( ! isl& at sight ( x rais$ a mo/ t]rific yell1 &1 seiz+ _! clubs1 ru%$ ^u ! ,*ri/ian natives1 say+1 ,y h kill$ our god6 ,y h kill$ our god6 ,x 0 ) difficulty t ,mr4 ,williams re/ra9$ _! viol5ce on condition t ! reptile %\ld be imm$iately c>ri$ back to ! boat f :i* ! mission>y _h l&$4#gi ,! isl& 9 :i* ?is happ5$ belong$ to ! ,tongan gr\p1 b precisely ! same incid5t might h occurr$ 9 ,samoa4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,upolu a goddess 0 believ$ to be inc>nate 9 bats1 & if a neighb\r *anc$ to kill "o ( ^! creatures1 ! indignant wor%ipp]s ( ! bat might wage a w> to av5ge ! insult to _! deity4#hj ,if p :o _h ! /++ ray fi% = ! inc>nation ( _! god he>d t _! neighb\rs _h caught a fi% ( t sort1 !y w\ld g & beg !m to give x up & n to cook x4 ,a refusal to comply ) ! reque/ w\ld be foll[$ by a fight4#ha #gg ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #baf sq4 #gh ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #eh4 #gi ,j4 ,williams1 op4 cit4 p4 #dfi4 #hj ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #eg4 #ha ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #ge4 ,accord+ly1 :5 ! ,samoans 7 conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity1 !y gave ! /ronge/ pro( ( ! g5u95ess ( _! conv]sion by kill+ & eat+ _! animal gods4 ,?us :5 a *ief nam$ ,malietoa r5\nc$ hea!nism1 he caus$ an eel to be publicly caught1 cook$1 & eat5 by _m p]sons :o _h hi!rto reg>d$ ! eel z _! god4 ,8 own sons _h a diff]5t sort ( fi%1 call$ anae1 = _! private deity1 & to demon/rate _! fai? 9 ! new religion !y _h a quantity ( ! fi% caught1 cook$1 & s]v$ up 9 ! pres5ce ( a l>ge p>ty ( fri5ds & relations4 ,!re1 ) trembl+ he>ts1 !y p>took ( ! once sacr$ morsel2 b1 _! fe>s gett+ ! bett] ( !m1 !y imm$iately retir$ f ! fea/ & swall[$ a p[]ful emetic1 le/ ! div9e fi% %\ld lie heavy on _! /oma*s & dev\r _! vitals4#hb ,z no?+ p>ticul> happ5$ aft] ^! d>+ innovations1 ! p took he>t ( grace1 & conc]t$ fur!r plans = ! de/ruction ( _! anci5t deities4 ,among ^! 0 a c]ta9 ,papo1 :o 0 no?+ m or less ?an a piece ( old rott5 matt+1 ab\t ?ree y>ds long & f\r in*es wide2 b be+ a god ( w> &1 9 t capacity1 always atta*$ to ! canoe ( ! lead] :5 !y w5t =? to battle1 he 0 reg>d$ ) great v5]ation by ! p4 ,at ! assembly convok$ to decide on 8 fate1 ! fir/ proposal 0 to ?r[ him into ! fire4 ,b ! idea 0 too %ock+ to ! g5]al s5se ( ! community1 & by way ( mak+ dea? z little pa9ful z possible to ! deity1 !y decid$ to take him out to sea 9 a canoe & !re consign him to a wat]y grave4 ,ev5 f ?is mitigat$ doom ,papo 0 rescu$ by ! ef=ts ( ! mission>ies1 & he n[ adorns a museum4#hc #hb ,j4 ,williams1 op4 cit4 pp4 #cgc sq4 #hc ,j4 ,williams1 op4 cit4 p4 #cge4 ,b ev5 :5 ! c>e] ( "o ( ^! animal gods 0 n prematurely cut %ort by be+ kill$1 cook$1 & eat51 he 0 /ill liable to die 9 ! c\rse ( nature2 & :5 8 dead body 0 discov]$1 great 0 ! sorr[ ( 8 wor%ipp]s4 ,if1 = example1 ! god ( a village 0 an owl1 & a dead owl 0 f\nd ly+ beside a road or "u a tree1 x w\ld be rev]5tly cov]$ up ) a :ite clo? by ! p]son :o discov]$ x1 & all ! villag]s w\ld assemble r\nd ! dead god & burn _! bodies ) firebr&s & beat _! =eheads ) /ones till ! blood fl[$4 ,!n ! corpse ( ! fea!r$ deity w\ld be wrapp$ up & buri$ ) z mu* c>e & c]emony z if x 7 a human body4 ,h[ev]1 t 0 n ! dea? ( ! god4 ,he 0 suppos$ to be yet alive & inc>nate 9 all ! owls 9 exi/5ce4#hd #hd ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #ba1 #bf1 #fj sq4 ,comp>e ,w4 ,t4 ,prit*>d1 ,polynesian ,rem9isc5ces1 pp4 #aaj sq4 ,! (f]+s to ^! deities consi/$ *iefly ( cook$ food1#he :i* 0 app>5tly deem$ z ess5tial to ! su/5ance ( gods z ( m51 & t ev5 :5 ! gods 7 n animals b /ones4 ,= example1 two oblong smoo? /ones1 :i* /ood on a plat=m ( loose /ones ne> a village1 7 reg>d$ z ! p>5ts ( ! ra9-god1 & :5 ! p 7 mak+ ready to g (f to ! woods = ! fav\rite sport ( pigeon-cat*+1 !y us$ to lay (f]+s ( cook$ t>o & fi% on ! /ones1 accompani$ by pray]s = f9e wea!r & no ra94 ,^! /one gods 7 also believ$ to cause yams to gr[2 h5ce 9 "t ( de>? a man w\ld pres5t !m ) a yam 9 hope ( secur+ _! fav\r4#hf #he ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #bj4 #hf ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #bd sq4 ,at ! fea/s ! fir/ cup ( kava 0 d$icat$ to ! god1 ! presid+ *ief ei!r p\r+ x out on ! gr\nd or wav+ x t[>ds ! sky4 ,aft]w>ds all ! *iefs drank f ! same cup accord+ to _! rank2 !n ! food br\ght z an (f]+ 0 divid$ & eat5 !re be=e ! god4#hg ,ev5 )9 ! circle ( ! family x 0 cu/om>y to p\r out on ! gr\nd a little kava z an (f]+ to ! family god be=e any "o else drank ( x4#hh #hg ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #bj2 ,w4 ,t4 ,prit*>d1 ,polynesian ,rem9isc5ces1 pp4 #aba sqq4 #hh ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #bbi4 ,annual fea/s 7 held 9 hon\r ( ! gods1 & ! season ( ! fea/ 0 (t5 9 ,may1 b sometimes 9 ,april or ,june4#hi ,9 "s cases ! fea/s 7 regulat$ by ! appe>ance ( ! bird :i* 0 believ$ to be ! inc>nation ( ! god4 ,:5ev] ! bird 0 se51 ! prie/ w\ld say t ! god _h come1 & he w\ld fix ^u a day = ! ent]ta9m5t ( ! deity4#ij ,at ^! fe/ivals all ! p met 9 ! place ( public assembly1 :]e !y _h collect$ heaps ( cook$ food4 ,fir/1 !y made _! (f]+s to ! god & pray$ to him to av]t calamity & grant prosp]ity2 !n !y fea/$ ) & be=e _! god1 & aft] t any /rang]s pres5t might eat4 ,"s ( ! fe/ivals includ$ games1 su* z wre/l+1 spe>-?r[+1 club ex]cises1 %am-fights1 & nocturnal dances2 & !y la/$ = days4#ia ,at "o ( ^! annual fe/ivals held 9 ! mon? ( ,june1 ! ex]cise ) clubs assum$ a s]i\s & inde$ sangu9>y =m4 ,all ! p1 old & "y1 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 took "p 9 x1 & batt]$ _! scalps till ! blood /ream$ d[n ov] _! faces & bodies4 ,?is pro( ( _! devotion 0 suppos$ to be acceptable to ! deity1 :o1 gratifi$ by ! sight ( _! fl[+ blood1 w\ld answ] _! pray]s = heal?1 good crops1 & victory 9 w>4#ib ,at ! fea/ ( ! cockle god 9 ,may pray]s 7 (f]$ up to ! div9e %ell-fi% t he w\ld be pleas$ to cure ! c\ghs & o!r ailm5ts usually preval5t at t season1 :i* 9 ,samoa =ms ! transition f ! wet to ! dry mon?s4#ic ,at ! fe/ival ( an owl god1 :i* fell ab\t ! mon? ( ,april1 ! (f]+s & pray]s 7 p>ticul>ly direct$ t[>ds ! removal ( cat]pill>s f ! plantations2 = ^! insects 7 believ$ to be ! s]vants ( ! owl god1 :o c\ld s5d !m z 8 m9i/]s ( v5geance to lay wa/e ! fields & or*>ds ( ! impi\s4#id ,else:]e ! owl 0 a w> god1 & at ! beg9n+ ( ! annual fi% fe/ivals ! *iefs & p ( ! village assembl$ r\nd ! op5+ ( ! fir/ ov5 & gave ! fir/ fi% to ! god4#ie ,a family1 :o _h ! eel = _! h\sehold god1 %[$ _! gratitude to him = 8 k9dness by pres5t+ him ) ! fir/ fruits ( _! t>o plantation4#if ,ano!r family believ$ _! deity to be inc>nate 9 c5tip$es2 & if a memb] ( ! family fell ill or 0 bitt5 by a c5tip$e1 !y w\ld (f] ! div9e reptile a f9e mat & a fan1 ) a pray] = ! recov]y ( ! pati5t4#ig ,! utility ( a f9e mat & a fan to a c5tip$e is too obvi\s to be insi/$ on4 ,sometimes (f]+s 7 made to a god1 n to p]suade him to come1 b to induce him to g away4 ,= example1 :]e gods or spirits 7 believ$ to voyage along ! coa/1 (f]+s ( food 7 (t5 set d[n on ! bea* z an inducem5t to ! spirits to take ! victuals & pass on )\t call+ at t p>ticul> place4#ih #hi ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #bj1 #bf1 #bi1 #da1 #dd1 #dg1 #ec1 #eg4 #ij ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #bj sq4 #ia ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #bj1 #bf1 #bi2 ,w4 ,t4 ,prit*>d1 ,polynesian ,rem9isc5ces1 p4 #abc4 #ib ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #eg4 #ic ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #da4 #id ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #dg4 #ie ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #be sq4 #if ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #gj sq4 #ig ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #dg sq4 #ih ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #bbi4 ,=mal pray]s 7 (f]$ to ! god by ! head ( a family1 & public pray] 0 put up :5 ! m5 7 sett+ out = w>4 ,on su* occasions !y pray$ t /ones1 /umps ( trees1 & o!r ob/acles might be tak5 out ( ! way ( ! w>riors1 & t _! pa? might be wet ) ! blood ( _! foes4 ,all _! pray]s 7 = temporal b5efits1 su* z protection aga9/ enemies1 pl5ty ( food1 & o!r desirable objects4 ,!y atta*$ great importance to confession ( wrongdo+ 9 times ( dang]1 b1 s f> z appe>s1 !y express$ no rep5tance1 promis$ no am5dm5t1 & (f]$ no pray] = =giv5ess4 ,if1 = example1 a canoe1 cross+ ! *annel betwe5 ,savaii & ,upolu1 7 caught 9 a squall & seem$ likely to be swamp$1 ! /e]sman w\ld head ! canoe to ! w9d1 & e man on bo>d w\ld make a clean brea/ ( 8 s9s4 ,"o w\ld say1 ,i /ole a f[l at su* & su* a village4 ,ano!r w\ld confess an intrigue ) a m>ri$ woman some:]e else2 & s on4 ,:5 all _h ei!r confess$ _! guilt or decl>$ _! innoc5ce1 ! helmsman w\ld put ! helm ab\t & scud be=e ! w9d1 9 p]fect confid5ce ( br++ ! canoe & crew safe to l&4#ii #ii ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bbi sq4 ,:5 a god 0 believ$ to be inc>nate 9 a species ( birds or animals or fi%1 om5s 7 naturally drawn f ! appe>ance & behavi\r ( ! creatures4 ,?is happ5$ p>ticul>ly 9 "t ( w>1 :5 hopes & fe>s 7 rife among ! p4 ,?us1 if _! w> god 0 an owl1 & ! bird flutt]$ above ! troops on ! m>*1 ! om5 0 good2 b if ! owl flew away 9 ! direction ( ! enemy1 x 0 an evil om51 ! god _h des]t$ !m & jo9$ ! foe2#ajj if x cross$ ! pa? ( ! w>riors or flew back on !m1 x 0 a w>n+ to retreat4#aja ,s 9 places :]e ! w>-god 0 a rail-bird1 if ! bird scree*$ & flew be=e ! army1 ! p m>*$ confid5tly to battle2 b if x turn$ & flew back1 !y hesitat$4 ,if ! plumage ( ! rail %[$ glossy r$1 x 0 a sign to g to w>2 b if ! fea!rs 7 d>k & d+y1 x 0 a w>n+ to /ay at home4 ,& if ! bird 7 he>d *att]+ or scold+1 z !y call$ x1 at midnight1 x progno/icat$ an attack next day1 & !y w\ld at once s5d (f ! wom5 & *ildr5 to a place ( safety4#ajb ,9 l mann] om5s 7 drawn f ! flight ( h]ons1 k+fi%]s1 ! ,porphyris ,samo5sis1 & fly+-foxes1 :]e ^! creatures 7 suppos$ to inc>nate ! w> god4#ajc ,p :o saw _! w> god 9 ! liz>d us$ to take om5s f a liz>d be=e !y w5t =? to fight4 ,!y wat*$ ! movem5ts ( a liz>d 9 a bundle ( spe>s4 ,if ! creature ran ab\t ! outside ( ! bundle & ! po9ts ( ! spe>s1 ! om5 0 fav\rable2 b if x crept into ! bundle = concealm5t1 x 0 an evil sign4#ajd ,! inhabitants ( sev]al villages look$ ^u dogs1 especially :ite dogs1 z ! inc>nation ( _! w> god2 accord+ly if ! dog wagg$ 8 tail1 b>k$1 & da%$ ahead 9 sight ( ! enemy1 x 0 a good om52 b if he retreat$ or h[l$1 _! he>ts fail$ !m4#aje ,aga91 :]e ! cuttle-fi% 0 ! w> god1 ! movem5ts ( t fi% at sea 7 anxi\sly obs]v$ 9 "t ( w>4 ,if ! fi% swam in%ore :ile ! p 7 mu/]+ = battle1 x augur$ victory2 b if x swam f> away1 x port5d$ defeat4#ajf #ajj ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #be sq4 #aja ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #fj4 #ajb ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #eb1 #fa1 #fe4 #ajc ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #ce1 #ea1 #ed sq41 #fd4 #ajd ,g4 ,turn]1 pp4 #df sq4 #aje ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #di4 #ajf ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #bi4 ,:5 a god 0 suppos$ to dwell 9 "s inanimate object1 ! art ( div9ation 0 simil>ly employ$ to elicit a k ( ! future f an obs]vation ( ! object1 :atev] x might be4 ,9 sev]al villages1 = example1 ! p view$ a ra9b[ z ! repres5tative ( _! w> god4 ,if1 :5 !y 7 go+ to battle by l& or sea1 a ra9b[ appe>$ 9 ! sky "r 9 front ( !m1 ) ! ar*1 z x 71 /raddl+ across ! l9e ( m>* or ! c\rse t ! fleet 0 /e]+1 x 0 a w>n+ to turn back4 ,b if ! b[ %one on ! "r or left ( ! army or ( ! fleet1 x meant t ! god 0 m>*+ ) !m1 & *e]+ on ! advance4#ajg ,ano!r village rev]$ its god 9 ! lightn+4 ,:5 lightn+ fla%$ frequ5tly 9 "t ( w>1 x 0 believ$ t ! god _h come to help & direct 8 p4 ,a con/ant play ( lightn+ ov] a p>ticul> spot 0 a w>n+ t ! enemy 0 lurk+ !re 9 ambu%4 ,a rapid succession ( fla%es 9 front meant t ! foe 0 be+ driv5 back2 b if ! lightn+ fla%$ f front to re>1 x 0 a signal to retreat4#ajh ,9 "o l>ge village ! w> god resid$ 9 two tee? ( ! sp]m :ale1 :i* 7 kept 9 a cave & obs]v$ by a prie/ 9 "t ( w>4 ,if ! tee? 7 f\nd ly+ ea/ & we/1 x 0 a good om52 b if !y lay nor? & s\?1 x progno/icat$ defeat4#aji ,9 ano!r place ! w> god 0 pres5t 9 a bundle ( %>k's tee?1 & ! p consult$ ! bundle be=e !y w5t out to fight4 ,if ! bundle felt heavy1 x =ebod$ ill2 b if x 0 light1 x 0 an om5 ( victory1 & ! troops m>*$ ) he>ts correspond+ly light4#aaj #ajg ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #ce2 comp>e p4 #dc4 #ajh ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #ei sq4 #aji ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #ce4 #aaj ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #ee4 ,:5 ! god 0 inc>nate 9 a live creature1 x 0 an obvi\s advantage to ensure 8 con/ant pres5ce & bless+ by own+ a specim5 ( 8 inc>nation & fe$+ x4 ,h5ce "s folk kept a tame god on _! premises4 ,= in/ance1 "s p possess$ a w> god 9 ! %ape ( a pet owl2#aaa o!rs _h a div9e pigeon1 :i* 0 c>efully kept & f$ by ! diff]5t memb]s ( ! family 9 turn4#aab ,yet o!rs 7 s =tunate z to capture ! ?und] god & to keep him 9 durance1 :i* effectually prev5t$ him f do+ mis*ief4 ,hav+ caught him1 !y ti$ him up ) p&anus leaves & fright5$ him by pok+ firebr&s at him4 ,& le/1 z an old (f5d]1 he %\ld attempt to break prison & relapse into 8 =m] c>e] ( crime1 !y fill$ a basket ) p&anus leaves & *>r$ firebr&s & hung x up on a tree 9 t]rorem1 to signify :at he might expect to get if he took x into 8 head to /rike h\ses aga94#aac #aaa ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #be sq4 #aab ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #fd4 #aac ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #cd4 ,vegetable gods 7 mu* less pl5tiful ?an animal gods 9 ,samoa4 ,/ill !y occurr$4 ,?us1 ! god ( "o family liv$ 9 a l>ge tree 7,h]n&ia peltata72 h5ce no memb] ( ! family d>$ to pluck a leaf or break a bran* ( t tree4#aad ,! h\sehold deity ( ano!r family dwelt 9 a tree ( a diff]5t sort 7,conanga odorata71 :i* has yell[ & sweet-sc5t$ fl[]s4#aae ,9 ,savaii ! special abode ( a village god call$ ,tuifiti or ,k+ ( ,fiji 0 a grove ( l>ge & durable trees 7,afzelia bijuga74 ,no "o d>$ to cut t timb]4 ,x is said t a p>ty ( natives f ano!r isl& once tri$ to fell "o ( ^! trees2 b blood fl[$ f ! trunk1 & all ! sacrilegi\s /rang]s fell ill & di$4#aaf ,"o family saw _! god 9 ! moon4 ,on ! appe>ance ( ! new moon all ! memb]s ( ! family call$ out1 ,*ild ( ! moon1 y h come4 ,!y assembl$ also1 pres5t$ (f]+s ( food1 fea/$ toge!r1 & jo9$ 9 pray+1 ,oh1 *ild ( ! moon6 ,keep f> away disease & dea?4 ,& !y also pray$ to ! moon be=e !y set out on ! w> pa?4#aag ,b 9 ,samoa1 z 9 ,tonga1 !re seems to be no record ( a wor%ip ( ! sun1 unless ! /ories ( human sacrifices =m]ly (f]$ to ! great lum9>y be reg>d$ z rem9isc5ces ( sun-wor%ip4#aah #aad ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #gb4 #aae ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #ga4 #aaf ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #fc4 #aag ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #fg4 #aah ,see above1 p4 #aeh4 ,sec4 #g4 ,prie/s & ,temples ,! fa!r ( a family act$ z ! prie/ ( ! h\sehold god4 ,he usually (f]$ a %ort pray] at ! ev5+ meal1 begg+ ! deity to gu>d !m all f w>1 sickness1 dea?1 & ! paym5t ( f9es4 ,sometimes he w\ld direct ! family to hold a fea/ 9 hon\r ( _! god1 & on ^! occasions a cup ( kava 0 p\r$ out z a libation to ! div9ity4 ,su* simple dome/ic rites 7 celebrat$ 9 ! h\se1 :]e ! :ole family assembl$2 = ! gods 7 believ$ to be pres5t ) m5 9 a spiritual & invisible =m z well z 9 ! mat]ial objects :i* 7 reg>d$ z _! visible embodim5ts4 ,(t5 ! deity spoke ?r\gh ! fa!r or o!r memb]s ( ! family1 tell+ !m :at to d 9 ord] to remove a pres5t evil or av]t a ?reat5$ "o4#aai #aai ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #ah4 ,= ! (f]+ ( kava to ! h\sehold god1 comp>e id4 p4 #ea4 ,b :ile e head ( a family might ?us act z a dome/ic prie/ & m\?piece ( ! deity1 !re 0 also a pr(essional class ( prie/s set ap>t = ! public wor%ip ( ! gods1 p>ticul>ly ( ! w> gods1 :o 9 _! nature did n diff] ess5tially f ! gods ( families1 ( villages1 & ( di/ricts1 be+ commonly embodi$ ei!r 9 p>ticul> mat]ial objects or 9 classes ( su* objects1 especially 9 v>i\s species ( birds1 animals1 & fi%1 su* z owls1 rails1 k+fi%]s1 dogs1 liz>ds1 fly+-foxes1 & cuttle-fi%4 ,sometimes ! rul+ *iefs act$ z prie/s2 b 9 g5]al "s "o man 9 a p>ticul> family claim$ ! dignity ( ! prie/hood & pr(ess$ to decl>e ! w ( ! god4 ,8 (fice 0 h]$it>y4 ,he fix$ ! days = ! annual fea/s 9 hon\r ( ! deity1 receiv$ ! (f]+s1 & ?ank$ ! p = !m4 ,he decid$ also :e!r ! p might g to w>4#abj ,! prie/s possess$ great au?ority ov] ! m9ds ( ! p1 & !y (t5 avail$ !mselves ( _! influ5ce to amass weal?4#aba ,! gods 7 suppos$ f "t to "t to take possession ( ! prie/s & to speak ?r\gh _! m\?s1 answ]+ enquiries & issu+ comm&s4 ,?us consult$ z an oracle ! prie/1 or ! god ?r\gh him1 might compla9 t ! p _h be5 slack 9 mak+ (f]+s ( food & prop]ty1 & he w\ld ?reat5 !m ) v5geance if !y did n spe$ily br+ an ample supply to ! human repres5tative ( ! deity4 ,at o!r times ! god requir$ a :ole family to assemble & build him a l>ge canoe or a h\se1 & su* a comm& 0 always obey$ ) alacrity & a humble apology t5d]$ = pa/ neglect4 ,! prie/s 7 also consult$ oracul>ly = ! heal+ ( ! sick1 ! recov]y ( /ol5 prop]ty1 & ! curs+ ( enemies4 ,?us !y kept ! p 9 con/ant fe> by _! ?reats & impov]i%$ !m by _! exactions4#abb #abj ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #bj4 ,= a full acc\nt ( ! prie/hood1 see ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #bbj sqq4 ,z to ! ,samoan w>-gods1 see ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #bc1 #be sq41 #bg sq41 #bh1 #cb1 #cc1 #ce1 #db1 #df sq41 #dh1 #di1 #ea1 #eb1 #ed sq41 #ee1 #eg1 #fj1 #fa1 #fd1 #fe2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #bae sq4 #aba ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #gj1 #bbb sq41 #bbe2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bbh1 #bdf sq4 #abb ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #bbc-bbe2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bdf sq4 ,! outw>d signs ( div9e inspiration or possession 7 su* z prie/s or prophets h manife/$ 9 _m l&s & ages z conclusive evid5ce ( _! be+ ! vehicles ( high] p[]s4 ,! approa* or pres5ce ( ! god 0 indicat$ by ! prie/ beg9n+ to gape1 yawn1 & cle> 8 ?roat2 b soon 8 c\nt5ance *ang$1 8 body und]w5t viol5t contortions1 & 9 l\d1 une>?ly tones1 :i* ! trembl+ & awe-/rick5 he>]s int]pret$ z ! voice ( an indwell+ deity1 he deliv]$ 8 message ( exhortation or w>n+1 ( m5ace1 or com=t1 or hope4#abc #abc ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 p4 #bbc2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bbh1 #bdf sq4 ,_s-h\ses 7fale-aitu7 or temples 7 erect$ = "s1 b n all1 ( ! class ( deities 7aitu7 :i* we are n[ consid]+4 ,x 0 *iefly ! w> gods :o 7 ?us hon\r$4 ,su* temples 7 built ) ! same mat]ials & 9 ! same /yle z ! h\ses ( m51 ) no?+ to di/+ui% !m f ord9>y dwell+s1 except t !y almo/ always /ood on plat=ms ( /ones1 :i* v>i$ 9 height & size ) ! respect felt = ! p>ticul> deity4 ,!y 7 usually situat$ on ! pr9cipal public place or gre5 7malae7 ( ! village & surr\nd$ by a l[ f5ce4 ,sometimes !y 7 m]e huts2 yet be+ view$ z ! abode ( gods !y 7 held sacr$ & reg>d$ ) great v5]ation by ! ,samoans 9 ! old5 "t4 ,:atev] emblems ( deity 7 9 possession ( ! village 7 always plac$ 9 ^! h\ses "u ! wat*ful c>e ( keep]s4#abd ,9 "o temple1 = in/ance1 might be se5 a con* %ell hung f ! ro( 9 a basket4 ,?is %ell ! god 0 suppos$ to bl[ :5 he wi%$ ! p to g to w>4 ,9 ano!r a cup made ( ! %ell ( a coco-nut 0 susp5d$ f ! ro(1 & be=e x pray]s 7 utt]$ & (f]+s pres5t$4 ,! cup 0 also us$ 9 an ordeal = ! detection ( !ft4 ,9 a trial be=e *iefs ! cup w\ld be s5t =1 & ea* ( ! suspect$ culprits w\ld lay 8 h& on x & say1 ,) my h& on ?is cup1 may ! god look ^u me1 & s5d swift de/ruction1 if ,i took ! ?+ :i* has be5 /ol54 ,!y firmly believ$ t x w\ld be dea? to t\* ! cup & tell a lie4#abe #abd ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #bbf-bbh4 #abe ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #ai4 ,! temples 7 always built by ! unit$ ex]tions ( a :ole family1 village1 or di/rict4#abf ,= example1 :5 ! inhabitants ( a village ^: god 0 ! cuttle-fi% erect$ a new temple to t deity1 e man1 woman1 & *ild 9 ! village contribut$ some?+ to x1 if x 0 only a /ick or a re$ ( ?at*4 ,:ile "s ( ! villag]s 7 draft$ (f to put up ! h\se1 ! re/ engag$ 9 a free fight1 :i* appe>s to h be5 consid]$ z a necess>y "p ( ! proce$+s4 ,on ?is occasion _m old scores 7 settl$1 & he :o got mo/ w\nds 0 believ$ to h e>n$ ! special fav\r ( ! deity4 ,) ! completion ( ! temple ! fight+ end$1 & ought n to be r5ew$ = a ye>1 till ! anniv]s>y ( ! build+ ( ! temple came r\nd1 :5 ! wor%ipp]s 7 aga9 at lib]ty to break ea* o!r's heads 9 hon\r ( ! div9e cuttle-fi%4#abg #abf ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #bbg sq4 #abg ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #bi sq4 ,at "o place 9 ,savaii !re 0 a temple 9 :i* a prie/ con/antly resid$4 ,! sick us$ to be c>ri$ to him 9 ! temple & !re laid d[n ) (f]+s ( f9e mats4 ,!reupon ! prie/ /rok$ ! diseas$ "p1 & ! pati5t 0 suppos$ to recov]4#abh ,we he> ( ano!r temple 9 :i* f9e mats 7 br\ght z (f]+s to ! prie/s & /or$ up 9 l>ge numb]s among ! temple treasures4 ,?us 9 "t ! temples might h amass$ a consid]able degree ( weal? & might ev51 if economic progress _h n be5 arre/$ by ,european int]v5tion1 h develop$ into banks4 ,h[ev]1 :5 ! p 7 conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity1 !y de/roy$ ?is p>ticul> temple & dissipat$ ! accumulat$ treasures 9 a s+le fea/ by way ( celebrat+ _! adhesion to ! new fai?4#abi ,:]e ! bat 0 ! local deity1 _m bats us$ to flock ab\t ! temple 9 "t ( w>4#acj ,:]e ! k+fi%] receiv$ ! homage ( ! p z ! god ( w>1 ! old m5 ( ! village 7 wont to ent] 8 temple 9 times ( public em]g5cy & address ! k+fi%]2 & p outside c\ld he> ! bird reply+1 ?\gh1 s+ul>ly en\gh1 8 voice 0 t ( a man1 & n t ( a bird4 ,b z usual ! god 0 invisible4#aca ,9 "o place a temple ( ! great god ,tangaloa 0 call$ ! ,h\se ( ! ,gods1 & x 0 c>efully %ut up all r\nd1 ! p ?9k+ t1 if ?is precaution 7 n tak51 ! gods w\ld get out & 9 too easily & be all ! m de/ructive4#acb ,su* a temple might be consid]$ r z a prison ?an a h\se ( ! gods4 #abh ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #di4 #abi ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #ee4 #acj ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #ef sq4 #aca ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #ed sq4 #acb ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #ec4 ,to ! rule t ,samoan temples 7 built ( ! same p]i%able mat]ials z ord9>y h\ses a s+le exception is kn[n4 ,ab\t t5 miles inl& f ! h>b\r ( ,apia1 9 ! isl& ( ,upolu1 are ! ru9s ( a temple1 ( :i* ! c5tral & side po/s & ! raft]s 7 all con/ruct$ ( /one4 ,! gr\nd plan seems to h resembl$ t ( an ord9>y ,samoan h\se ( ! be/ /yle1 =m+ an ellipse :i* measur$ fifty feet 9 "o direction by =ty feet 9 ! o!r4 ,two c5tral pill>s appe> to h support$ ! ro(1 ea* fa%ion$ ( a s+le block ( /one "s ?irte5 feet high1 twelve in*es ?ick "o way & n9e in*es ! o!r4 ,! raft]s 7 9 l5g?s ( twelve feet & six feet1 by f\r in*es squ>e4 ,( ! outside pill>s1 :i* upheld ! l[] edge ( ! slop+ ro(1 eighte5 7 se5 /&+ by ,prit*>d1 :o has describ$ ! ru9s4 ,ea* pill> /ood ?ree feet high & measur$ n9e in*es ?ick 9 "o way by six in*es 9 ! o!r4 ,ea* _h a not* or %\ld] on ! inn] side = support+ ! ro(4 ,pill>s & raft]s 7 qu>ri$ f an adjo9+ bluff1 di/ant only "s fifty y>ds f ! ru9s4 ,"s squ>$ /ones ly+ at ! foot ( ! bluff seem to %[ t ! temple 0 nev] complet$4 ,! site ( ! ru9s is a flat ab\t ?ree acres 9 area4 ,! natives call ! ru9s ,fale-o-le-,fe'e1 t is1 ! ,h\se ( ! ,fe'e4 ,?is ,fe'e 0 a fam\s w> god ( ,a'ana & ,faleata1 two native t[ns ( ,upolu2 he 0 commonly inc>nat$ 9 ! cuttle-fi%4 ,z ! ,samoans 7 unacqua9t$ ) ! art ( cutt+ /ones1 & _h no tools suitable = ! "w1 !y ?\ght t ?is temple1 ) its columns & raft]s ( squ>$ /one1 mu/ h be5 built by ! gods1 & !y expla9$ its unf9i%$ /ate by alleg+ t ! div9e build]s _h qu>rell$ among !mselves be=e !y _h br\ght ! "w to completion4#acc #acc ,w4 ,t4 ,prit*>d1 ,polynesian ,rem9isc5ces1 pp4 #aai-aba2 ,violette1 ,notes d'un ,missionnaire sur l'ar*ipel de ,samoa1 ,les ,missions ,ca?oliques1 iii4 7#ahgj7 p4 #aab2 ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #ca2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 p4 #bbh2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #bbj4 ,= ! sake ( complet5ess ,i w m5tion ano!r /one monum5t1 ( m impos+ dim5sions1 :i* has be5 discov]$ 9 ,samoa1 ?\gh its orig9 & mean+ are unkn[n4 ,x /&s on a tablel& 9 ! high m\nta9\s int]ior ( ,upolu & appe>s to be n altoge!r easy ( access4 ,! discov]]1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,b4 ,/]ndale1 rea*$ x by clamb]+ up f :at he describes z a broad & dang]\s rav9e4 ,9 mak+ 8 way to ! tablel& he pass$ ?r\gh a gap :i* f a di/ance he _h suppos$ to be a natural fissure 9 ! rocks2 b on arriv+ at x he discov]$1 to 8 surprise1 t ! gap 0 9 fact a great fosse =m$ by ! h& ( man1 be+ excavat$ 9 "s places & built up at o!rs1 :ile on "o side1 next to ! rise ( ! hill1 x 0 fur!r height5$ by a p>apet wall4 ,:51 pass+ ?r\gh ! fosse1 he issu$ ^u ! tablel&1 :i* is a level space ( "s tw5ty acres 9 ext5t1 he p]ceiv$ ! monum5t1 a truncat$ conical /ructure or ,heid5mau] ( su* huge dim5sions z mu/ h requir$ ! lab\r ( a great multitude to con/ruct4 ,s little did ,i expect1 he says1 9 ?is neighb\rhood to meet ) any example ( human ar*itecture1 & s rudely mon/r\s 0 ! appe>ance ( ?is cyclopean build+1 t f its peculi> =m1 & f ! vegetation ) :i* x 0 ov]gr[n1 ,i might h pass$ x by1 suppos+ x to h be5 a volcanic hillock1 _h n my att5tion be5 attract$ by ! /onework ( ! fosse4 ,i ha/5$ to asc5d x4 ,x 0 ab\t tw5ty feet high by "o hundr$ 9 diamet]4 ,x 0 circul> ) /raight p]p5dicul>8 sides2 ! l[] ti]s ( /one 7 v l>ge1 !y 7 lava blocks1 "s ( :i* w\ld weigh at lea/ a ton1 :i* mu/ h be5 roll$ or mov$ on skids to _! pres5t places4 ,!y 7 laid 9 c\rses2 & 9 two places ne> ! top seem$ to h be5 entrances to ! inside1 z 9 "o appe>$ a l[ cave *ok$ ) rocks & tree roots4 ,if !re _h be5 *amb]s )91 !y 7 probably n>r[ & /ill exi/+1 z !re 0 no sign ( depression on ! cr[n ( ! "w1 :i* 0 flat & cov]$ ) flat /ones1 among :i* grew bo? trees & %rubs4 ,x is likely t x 0 n 9 itself int5d$ z a place ( def5ce1 b r z a base or plat=m ^u :i* "s build+ ( importance1 p]haps ( timb]1 _h be5 erect$1 no d\bt 9 ! c5tre ( a village1 z _m f\ndations ( a few feet high 7 ne> x4 ,! fosse1 :5 unbrok51 & its inn] wall entire1 0 probably cross$ by a foot-bridge1 to be )drawn on ! approa* ( an enemy2 & ! little gap1 by :i* ,i _h ent]$1 clos$1 s t ?is mu/ h be5 a place ( great security4 ,! ,samoan natives1 z f> z ,i h be5 able to le>n1 h no tradition ( :at p inhabit$ ?is m\nta9 fa/ness4#acd #acd ,h4 ,b4 ,/]ndale1 quot$ by ,r4 ,a4 ,/]ndale1 ,asiatic ,ar*itecture 9 ,polynesia1 ,! ,asiatic ,qu>t]ly ,review1 x4 7,july-,octob] #ahij7 pp4 #cdg-cej4 ,! writ] ( ?is article reports ! discov]ies ( 8 bro!r1 ,mr4 ,h&ley ,ba?ur/ ,/]ndale4 ,on an adjo9+ tablel&1 approa*$ by a /eep & n>r[ ridge1 ,mr4 ,/]ndale saw a great numb] ( cairns ( /one1 app>5tly graves1 dispos$ 9 r[s among huge trees1 ! roots ( :i* _h ov]turn$ & de/roy$ v _m ( ! cairns4 ,"h1 )9 ! num]\s trunks ( a great spread+ banyan tree1 ,mr4 ,/]ndale f\nd :at he calls an inn] *amb]1 or cell1 ab\t t5 feet squ>e1 ! floor be+ pav$ ) flat /ones & ! walls built ( enorm\s blocks ( ! same mat]ial1 :ile ! ro( 0 compos$ ( ! twi/$ trunks ( ! banyan tree1 :i* _h gr[n into a solid ar* &1 fe/oon$ by creep]s1 exclud$ ev5 ! fa9t glimm] ( twilight t dimly illum9at$ ! surr\nd+ =e/4 ,di/urb$ by a light :i* ! travell] /ruck to explore ! gloomy int]ior1 bats flutt]$ ab\t 8 head4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! *amb] he discov]$ a cairn1 or r cromle*1 ab\t f\r feet high1 :i* 0 =m$ ( sev]al /ones arrang$ 9 a triangle1 ) a great flat slab on ! top4 ,on ! flat slab lay a l>ge con* %ell1 :ite ) age1 & encru/$ ) moss & dead animalculae4 ,! *amb] or cell1 enclos$ by ! trunks ( ! banyan-tree1 might h be5 inaccessible1 if x 7 n t1 "u ! pressure ( ! tree-trunks1 sev]al ( ! great slabs compos+ ! wall _h be5 displac$1 leav+ a passage4#ace #ace ,h4 ,b4 ,/]ndale1 op4 cit4 pp4 #cea sq4 ,:at 7 ^! rem>kable monum5ts8 ,mr4 ,/]ndale believ$ ! /one *amb] to be ! tomb ( "s man ( au?ority 9 anci5t days1 ! antiquity ( ! /ructure be+ v\*$ = by ! great banyan-tree :i* _h s completely ov]gr[n x4 ,?is view is likely en\gh1 & is confirm$ by ! l>ge numb] ( cairns ab\t x1 :i* appe> to be sepul*ral4 ,b :at 0 ! massive circul> monum5t or plat=m1 built ( huge blocks ( lava laid 9 ti]s8 ,f ,mr4 ,/]ndale's description x w\ld seem t ! /ructure closely resembl$ ! tombs ( ! sacr$ k+s ( ,tonga1 ?\gh ^! tombs are oblong in/ead ( circul>4 ,b !y (t5 support$ a h\se or hut ( wood & ?at*2 & ,mr4 ,/]ndale may well be "r 9 suppos+ t ! circul> ,samoan monum5t 9 l mann] s]v$ z a plat=m to support a wood5 build+4 ,9 ?is connexion we mu/ n =get t ! typical ,samoan h\se 0 circul> or oval 9 contra/ to ! typical ,tongan h\se1 :i* 0 oblong4 ,! op5+s1 :i* seem$ to lead into ! int]ior ( ! monum5t1 may h giv5 access to ! sepul*ral *amb] :]e ! bodies ( ! dead 7 deposit$4 ,slight z are ^! indications1 !y app>5tly po9t to ! use ( ! monum5t z a tomb4 ,!re is no?+1 except p]haps its circul> %ape1 to sugge/ t x 0 a temple ( ! sun4 ,z no su* /one build+s h be5 erect$ by ! ,samoans dur+ ! "t !y h be5 "u ,european obs]vation1 x may be1 z ,mr4 ,/]ndale suppos$1 t all ! ru9s describ$ by him 7 ! "w ( a p :o inhabit$ ! isl&s be=e ! arrival ( ! exi/+ race4#acf #acf ,h4 ,b4 ,/]ndale1 op4 cit4 p4 #ceb4 ,sec4 #h4 ,orig9 ( ! ,samoan ,gods ( ,families1 ,villages1 & ,di/ricts3 ,relation to ,totemism ,if we ask1 ,:at 0 ! orig9 ( ! peculi> ,samoan wor%ip ( animals & o!r natural objects8 ! mo/ probable answ] seems to be t x has be5 develop$ out ( totemism4 ,! sy/em is n simple totemism1 = 9 totemism ! animals1 plants1 & o!r natural objects are n wor%ipp$1 t is1 !y d n receive (f]+s nor are approa*$ ) pray]s2 9 %ort1 !y are n gods1 b are reg>d$ z ! k9sfolk ( ! m5 & wom5 :o h !m = totems4 ,fur!r1 ! local di/ribution ( ! rev]$ objects 9 ,samoa1 accord+ to villages & di/ricts1 diff]s f ! *>act]i/ic di/ribution ( totems1 :i* is n by place b by social gr\ps or clans1 ! memb]s ( :i* are usually m or less int]mix$ ) ea* o!r 9 e di/rict4 ,x is true t 9 ,samoa we he> ( family or h\sehold gods z well z ( gods ( villages & di/ricts1 & ^! family gods1 9 s f> z !y consi/ ( species ( animals & plants :i* ! wor%ipp]s are =bidd5 to kill or eat1 pres5t a close analogy to totems4 ,b x is to be obs]v$ t ^! family gods 71 s to say1 9 a /ate ( un/able equilibrium1 x be+ always unc]ta9 :e!r a man w\ld inh]it 8 fa!r's or 8 "m's god or w\ld be assign$ a god diff]+ f bo? ( !m4 ,?is unc]ta9ty arose f ! mann] ( det]m9+ a man's god at bir?4 ,:5 a woman 0 9 travail1 ! help ( sev]al gods 0 invok$1 "o aft] ! o!r1 to assi/ ! bir?2 & ! god :o happ5$ to be invok$ at ! mom5t :5 ! *ild saw ! light1 0 8 god = life4 ,z a rule1 ! god ( ! fa!r's family 0 pray$ to fir/2 s t g5]ally1 p]haps1 a man inh]it$ ! god ( 8 fa!r4 ,b if ! bir? 0 t$i\s & difficult1 ! god ( ! "m's family 0 next invok$4 ,:5 ! *ild 0 born1 ! "m w\ld call out1 ,to :om 7 y pray+8 & ! god pray$ to j be=e 0 c>efully rememb]$1 & 8 inc>nation duly ackn[l$g$ ?r\gh\t ! future life ( ! *ild4#acg ,su* a mode ( select+ a div9e patron is totally diff]5t f ! mode :]eby1 "u pure totemism1 a p]son obta9s 8 totem2 = 8 totem is automatically det]m9$ = him at bir?1 be+1 9 ! va/ majority ( cases1 inh]it$ ei!r f 8 fa!r or f 8 "m1 )\t any possibility ( v>iation or selection4 ,la/ly1 ! ,samoan sy/em diff]s f mo/1 ?\gh n all1 sy/ems ( totemism1 9 t x is q indep5d5t ( exogamy2 9 o!r words1 !re is no rule =bidd+ p :o rev]e ! same god to m>ry ea* o!r4 #acg ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #ag1 #gh sq4 ,?us1 :ile ! ,samoan wor%ip ( c]ta9 classes ( natural objects1 especially species ( animals1 is c]ta9ly n pure totemism1 x pres5ts po9ts ( analogy to t sy/em1 & might easily1 we may suppose1 h be5 develop$ out ( x1 ! feel+ ( k9%ip = totemic animals & plants hav+ be5 sl[ly trans=m$ & sublimat$ into a religi\s rev]5ce = ! creatures & a belief 9 _! div9ity2 :ile at ! same "t ! clans1 :i* 7 orig9ally int]mix$1 gradually sort$ out f ea* o!r & settl$ d[n 9 sep>ate villages & di/ricts4 ,?is gradual segregation ( ! clans may h be5 facilitat$ by a *ange f mat]nal to pat]nal desc5t ( ! totem2 = :5 a man transmits 8 totem to 8 (fspr+1 8 desc5dants 9 ! male l9e t5d naturally to exp& into a local gr\p 9 :i* ! totem rema9s con/ant f g5]ation to g5]ation in/ead ( alt]nat+ ) ea* successive g5]ation1 z necess>ily happ5s :5 a man's *ildr5 take _! totem n f him b f _! "m4 ,t ! ,samoan wor%ip ( aitu 0 develop$ 9 "s su* way out ( simple totemism appe>s to h be5 ! view ( ,dr4 ,george ,br[n1 "o ( our be/ au?orities on ,samoan society & religion2 = he speaks )\t res]ve ( ! rev]$ objects z totems4#ach ,a simil> d]ivation ( ! ,samoan aitu 0 fav\r$ by ,dr4 ,riv]s1 :o1 dur+ a visit to ,samoa1 f\nd "s evid5ce confirmatory ( ?is conclusion4#aci #ach ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #acg1 #bah1 #ccd4 #aci ,w4 ,h4 ,r4 ,riv]s1 ,totemism 9 ,polynesia & ,melanesia1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxix4 7#aiji7 pp4 #aei sq4 ,sec4 #i4 ,! ,high ,gods ( ,samoa ,b besides ^! totemic gods ( ,samoa1 z we may t]m !m1 :i* 7 re/rict$ 9 ! circle ( _! wor%ipp]s to p>ticul> families1 villages1 or di/ricts1 !re 7 c]ta9 sup]ior deities :o 7 wor%ipp$ by all ! p 9 common & might accord+ly be call$ ! national div9ities ( ,samoa2 inde$ ! wor%ip ( "s ( !m 0 n conf9$ to ,samoa1 b 0 %>$ by ! inhabitants ( o!r gr\ps ( isl&s 9 ,polynesia4 ,^! high gods 7 consid]$ ! prog5itors ( ! inf]ior deities1 & 7 believ$ to h =m$ ! e>? & its inhabitants4 ,!y !mselves dwelt 9 heav51 9 ! sea1 on ! e>?1 or "u ! e>?2 b !y 7 invisible & did n appe> to _! wor%ipp]s 9 ! =m ( animals or plants4 ,!y _h no temples & no prie/s1 & 7 n invok$ l _! desc5dants4#adj #adj ,w4 ,t4 ,prit*>d1 ,polynesian ,rem9isc5ces1 pp4 #aaa sq42 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #baa sq4 ,among ^! high gods ! *ief 0 ,tangaloa1 or1 z he 0 sometimes call$1 ,tangaloa-langi1 t is1 ,tangaloa ( ! ,skies4 ,he 0 always spok5 ( z ! pr9cipal god1 ! creator ( ! _w & prog5itor ( ! o!r gods & ( mank9d4#ada ,x is said t aft] exi/+ some:]e 9 space he made ! heav5s z an abode = himself1 & t wi%+ to h also a place "u ! heav5s he creat$ ?is l[] _w 7,lalolangi1 t is1 ,"u ! heav5s74 ,accord+ to "o acc\nt1 he =m$ ! isl&s ( ,savaii & ,upolu by roll+ d[n two /ones f ! sky2 b accord+ to ano!r /ory he fi%$ !m up f ! dep?s ( ! sea on a fi%+-hook4 ,next he made ! ,fee or cuttle-fi%1 & told x to g d[n "u ! e>?2 h5ce ! l[] regions ( sea or l& are call$ ,sa he fee or sacr$ to ! cuttle-fi%4 ,9 its turn ! cuttle-fi% br\ght =? all k9ds ( rocks1 includ+ ! great "o on :i* we live4#adb ,ano!r my? relates h[ ,tangaloa s5t d[n 8 son or daught] 9 ! lik5ess ( a bird call$ turi1 a species ( plov] or snipe 7,*>adrius fulvus74 ,%e flew ab\t1 b c\ld f9d no re/+-place1 = z yet !re 0 no?+ b ocean2 ! e>? _h n be5 creat$ or rais$ above ! sea4 ,s %e return$ to h] fa!r 9 heav5 & report$ h] fruitless se>*2 & at la/ he gave h] "s e>? & a creep+ plant4 ,^! %e took d[n ) h] on h] next visit to e>?2 & aft] a "t ! leaves ( ! plant )]$ & produc$ sw>ms ( worms or maggots1 :i* gradually develop$ into m5 & wom54 ,! plant :i* ?us by its corruption gave bir? to ! human species 0 ! convolvulus4 ,accord+ to ano!r v]sion ( ! my?1 x 0 9 reply to ! compla9t ( 8 daught] or son t ! sky-god ,tangaloa fi%$ up ! fir/ isl&s f ! bottom ( ! sea4#adc #ada ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 p4 #bab4 #adb ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #g4 #adc ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #g sq42 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #bab-bad4 ,! bird turi or tuli is spok5 ( by ,turn] z ! daught]1 b by ,/air z ! son1 ( ,tangaloa4 ,accord+ to ,turn]1 ! bird is a species ( snipe2 accord+ to ,/air1 a species ( plov]4 ,z to ,tangaloa & ! /ories told ab\t him1 comp>e ,john ,williams1 ,n>rative ( ,mission>y ,ent]prises 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 pp4 #dfi sq42 ,h4 ,hale1 ,e?nography & ,philology ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 p4 #bb2 ,violette1 ,notes d'un ,missionnaire sur l'ar*ipel de ,samoa1 ,les ,missions ,ca?oliques1 iii4 7#ahgj7 pp4 #aaa sq42 ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 p4 #dfc1 s4v4 ,tang>oa4 ,ano!r ( ! national gods ( ,samoa 0 ,mafuie1 :o 0 suppos$ to dwell 9 ! subt]ranean regions & to cause e>?quakes by %ak+ ! pill> on :i* ! e>? reposes4 ,9 a tussle ) ! h]o ,ti'iti'i1 :o desc5d$ to ! l[] _w to rob ,mafuie ( 8 fire1 ! e>?quake god lo/ "o ( 8 arms1 & ! ,samoans consid]$ ?is z a v =tunate circum/ance2 = o!rwise !y said t1 if ,mafuie _h _h two arms1 he w\ld h %ak5 ! _w to pieces4#add ,x is said t dur+ a %ock ( e>?quake ! natives us$ to ru% f _! h\ses1 ?r[ !mselves ^u ! gr\nd1 gnaw ! grass1 & %riek 9 ! mo/ frantic mann] to ,mafuie to desi/1 le/ he %\ld %ake ! e>? to bits4#ade #add ,*4 ,wilkes1 ,n>rative ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ii4 #aca2 ,w4 ,t4 ,prit*>d1 ,polynesian ,rem9isc5ces1 pp4 #aab1 #aad sqq42 ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #bji-baa2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #bch sq4 #ade ,j4 ,williams1 op4 cit4 p4 #cgi4 ,x seems to be d\btful :e!r among ! ,samoan gods are to be numb]$ ! s\ls ( deceas$ ance/ors4 ,c]ta9ly ! evid5ce = ! practice ( a wor%ip ( ! dead is f> less full & cle> 9 ,samoa ?an 9 ,tonga4 ,on ?is subject ,dr4 ,george ,br[n writes z foll[s3 ,traces ( ance/or wor%ip are few & indi/9ct4 ,! ^w tupua is suppos$ by "s to mean ! deifi$ spirits ( *iefs1 & to mean t !y con/itut$ a sep>ate ord] f ! atua1 :o 7 ! orig9al gods4 ,! ^w itself is ! "n ( a /one1 suppos$ to be a petrifi$ man1 & is also g5]ally us$ z ! "n ( any image hav+ "s sacr$ significance1 & z repres5t+ ! body into :i* ! deifi$ _s 0 *ang$4 ,:at appe>s c]ta9 is t ance/or wor%ip _h among/ ! ,samoans gradually giv5 place to ! wor%ip ( a sup]ior ord] ( sup]natural be+s n imm$iately connect$ ) m51 b hav+ _m human passions & modes ( action & life4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "s cases :i* seem to po9t to ance/or wor%ip 9 old5 days1 z 9 ! case ( ! t[n ( ,matautu1 :i* is said to h be5 settl$ by a colony f ,fiji4 ,_! pr9cipal deity 0 call$ ,tuifiti1 ! ,k+ ( ,fiji4 ,he 0 consid]$ to be ! head ( t family1 & a grove ( trees1 ifilele 7! gre5-he>t ( ,india71 0 sacr$ to him & c\ld n be cut or injur$ 9 any way4#adf ,?is god 0 suppos$ to be inc>nate 9 a man :o walk$ ab\t1 b he 0 nev] visible to ! p ( ! place1 ?\gh curi\sly en\gh he c\ld be se5 by /rang]s4#adg #adf ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #bbc4 ,see also above1 p4 #aib4 #adg ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #fb sq4 ,! t[n or village ( ,matautu is 9 ! isl& ( ,savaii4 ,accord+ to ,g4 ,turn]1 ! sacr$ tree ( ,tuifiti 0 ! ,afzelia bijuga4 ,h[ev]1 ano!r exp]i5c$ mission>y1 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 :o knew ,samoa a good _m ye>s be=e ,dr4 ,br[n arriv$ 9 x1 speaks app>5tly )\t hesitation ( ! tupua z be+ ! deifi$ spirits ( *iefs1 :o 7 also suppos$ to dwell 9 ,pulotu1 :]e !y became po/s 9 ! h\se or temple ( ! gods4 ,_m beautiful emblems1 he says1 7 *os5 to repres5t ! immortality ( ^! deifi$ spirits2 among !m 7 "s ( ! heav5ly bodies1 includ+ ! ,pleiades & ! planet ,jupit]1 also ! ra9b[1 ! m>9e ra9b[1 & _m m4 ,he adds t ! embalm$ bodies ( "s *iefs 7 wor%ipp$ "u ! significant title ( sun-dri$ gods2 & t p pray$ & p\r$ libations ( kava at ! graves ( deceas$ relatives4#adh #adh ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #baj sq41 #bae4 ,sec4 #aj4 ,! ,samoan ,belief conc]n+ ! ,human ,s\l3 ,fun]al ,cu/oms ,:e!r ! ,samoans practis$ ! wor%ip ( ! dead 9 a develop$ =m or n1 !y c]ta9ly possess$ ! elem5ts out ( :i* ! wor%ip might "u fav\rable circum/ances be evolv$4 ,^! elem5ts are a belief 9 ! survival ( ! human s\l aft] dea?1 & a fe> ( disembodi$ spirits or gho/s4 ,! ,samoans believ$ t e man is animat$ by a s\l1 :i* dep>ts f ! body tempor>ily 9 fa9ts & dreams & p]man5tly at dea?4 ,! s\l ( ! dream]1 !y ?\ght1 really visit$ ! places :i* he saw 9 8 dream4 ,at dea? x dep>t$ to ! subt]ranean _w ( ! dead :i* ! ,samoans call$ ,pulotu1 a "n :i* cle>ly diff]s only dialectically f ! ,tongan ,bolotoo or ,bulotu4 ,"s p pr(ess$ to see ! p>t+ s\l :5 x _h quitt$ its mortal body & 0 ab\t to take flight to ! ne!r region4 ,x 0 always ( ! same %ape z ! body4 ,su* app>itions at ! mom5t ( dea? 7 mu* dread$1 & p tri$ to drive !m away by %\t+ & fir+ guns4 ,! ^w = s\l is anganga1 :i* is a r$uplicat$ =m ( anga1 a v]b mean+ to g or to come4 ,?us app>5tly ! ,samoans did n1 l _m p1 id5tify ! s\l ) ! %ad[2 = 9 ,samoan ! ^w = %ad[ is ata4#adi #adi ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #h1 #af2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 p4 #bbj2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bah sq42 ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 p4 #bf1 s4v4 ,ata4 ,h[ev]1 !y seem to h 9 a dim way associat$ a man's s\l ) 8 %ad[4 ,?is appe>s f a rem>kable cu/om :i* !y obs]v$ 9 ! case ( ! unburi$ dead4 ,! ,samoans 7 mu* conc]n$ = ! lot ( ^! un=tunates & /ood 9 great dread ( _! gho/s4 ,!y believ$ t ! spirits ( ^? :o _h n receiv$ ! rites ( burial w&]$ ab\t wret*$ & =lorn & haunt$ _! relatives ev]y:]e by day & night1 cry+ 9 doleful tones1 ,oh1 h[ cold6 oh1 h[ cold6 ,h5ce :5 ! body ( a dead k9sman 0 lo/ because he _h be5 dr[n$ at sea or sla9 on a battlefield1 "s ( 8 relatives w\ld g d[n to ! sea%ore or away to ! battlefield :]e _! fri5d _h p]i%$2 & !re spread+ out a clo? on ! gr\nd !y w\ld pray to "s god ( ! family1 say+1 ,oh1 be k9d to u2 let u obta9 )\t difficulty ! _s ( ! "y man6 ,aft] t ! fir/ ?+ t light$ on ! clo? 0 suppos$ to be ! _s ( ! dead4 ,x might be a butt]fly1 a gras%opp]1 an ant1 a spid]1 or a liz>d2 :atev] x might be1 x 0 c>efully wrapt up & tak5 to ! family1 :o buri$ ! bundle ) all due c]emony1 z if x conta9$ ! body ( _! dep>t$ fri5d4 ,?us ! unquiet _s 0 believ$ to f9d re/4 ,n[ ! insect1 or :atev] x happ5$ to be1 :i* ?us act$ z proxy at ! burial 0 suppos$ to be ! ata or %ad[ ( ! deceas$4 ,! same ^w ata s]v$ to express lik5ess2 a photograph]1 = example1 is call$ pue-ata1 %ad[-cat*]4 ,! ,samoans d n appe> to h associat$ ! s\l ) ! brea?4#aej #aej ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #agj sq41 #bah sq42 ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #aej sq42 ,s4 ,ella1 ,samoa1 ,report ( ! ,f\r? ,meet+ ( ! ,au/ralasian ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 held at ,hob>t1 ,tasmania1 9 ,janu>y #ahib1 pp4 #fda sq42 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 p4 #ahd4 ,accord+ to ,br[n & ,/air ! c]emony describ$ 9 ! text 0 obs]v$ :5 a man _h di$ a viol5t dea?1 ev5 :5 ! relatives 7 9 possession ( ! body1 & 9 t case ! insect1 or :atev] x might be1 0 buri$ ) ! corpse4 ,i h foll[$ ,turn] & ,ella 9 suppos+ t ! c]emony 0 only obs]v$ :5 ! corpse c\ld n be f\nd4 ,z to ! fe> ( ! spirits ( ! unburi$ dead1 see also ,w4 ,t4 ,prit*>d1 ,polynesian ,rem9isc5ces1 pp4 #eh sq41 #aea4 ,!y attribut$ disease & dea? to ! ang] ( a god1 to ! ag5cy ( an evil _s1 or to ! gho/ ( a dead relative :o _h ent]$ into ! body ( ! suff]]4 ,epilepsy1 delirium1 & mania 7 always ?us expla9$ by ! entrance into ! pati5t ( a god or demon4 ,! ,samoan rem$y = all su* ailm5ts 0 n m$ic9e b exorcism4 ,sometimes a ne> relative ( ! sick p]son w\ld g r\nd ! h\se br&i%+ a spe> & /rik+ ! walls to drive away ! _s t 0 caus+ ! sickness4#aea ,h5ce :5 a memb] ( a family fell s]i\sly ill1 8 fri5ds did n s5d = a doctor1 b repair$ to ! high prie/ ( ! village to enquire ( him ! cause ( ! sickness1 to le>n :y ! family god 7aitu7 0 angry ) !m1 & to implore 8 m]cy & =giv5ess4 ,(t5 ! prie/ took advantage ( _! anxiety to dem& a valuable piece ( prop]ty1 su* z a canoe or a p>cel ( gr\nd1 z ! be/ means ( propitiat+ ! angry deity & s ensur+ ! recov]y ( ! pati5t4 ,) all ^! dem&s ! anxi\s & unsuspect+ relatives readily compli$4 ,b if ! prie/ happ5$ n to want any?+ 9 p>ticul> at ! "t1 he w\ld probably tell ! mess5g]s to ga!r ! family ab\t ! b$ ( ! suff]] & !re confess _! s9s4 ,! comm& 0 implicitly obey$1 & e memb] ( ! family assembl$ & made a clean brea/ ( 8 or h] misde$s1 especially ( any curse :i* he or %e might h call$ d[n ei!r on ! family g5]ally or on ! invalid 9 p>ticul>4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 ! curse ( a si/] 0 peculi>ly dread$2 h5ce 9 su* cases ! si/] ( ! sick man 0 closely que/ion$ z to :e!r %e _h curs$ him & ?us caus$ 8 illness2 if s1 %e 0 entreat$ to remove ! curse1 t he might recov]4 ,mov$ by ^! plead+s1 %e might take "s coco-nut wat] 9 h] m\? & spurt x out t[>ds or ^u ! body ( ! suff]]4 ,by ?is action %e ei!r remov$ ! curse or decl>$ h] innoc5ce2 a simil> c]emony might be p]=m$ by any o!r memb] ( ! family :o 0 suspect$ ( hav+ curs$ ! sick man4#aeb #aea ,s4 ,ella1 op4 cit4 pp4 #fci1 #fdc2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bbc sq41 #djb4 #aeb ,w4 ,t4 ,prit*>d1 ,polynesian ,rem9isc5ces1 pp4 #adf sq42 ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #adj sq42 ,s4 ,ella1 op4 cit4 p4 #fci2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #ahj sq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bbc sq41 #dja4 ,:5 an illness seem$ likely to prove fatal1 mess5g]s 7 despat*$ to fri5ds at a di/ance t !y might come & bid f>ewell to ! dy+ man4 ,e "o :o came to visit ! suff]] 9 8 la/ mom5ts br\ght a pres5t ( a f9e mat or o!r valuable piece ( prop]ty z a tok5 ( reg>d1 & to defray ! co/ ( ! illness & fun]al4 ,! be/ ( ! mats w\ld be laid on ! body ( ! dy+ man t he might h ! com=t ( see+ !m be=e he clos$ 8 eyes = ev]4 ,dr4 ,george ,br[n ?\ght t ! spirits ( ! mats ?us laid on ! body ( ! dy+ *ief 7 suppos$ to accompany 8 s\l to ! o!r _w4 ,x is possible t _! spirits did s1 b x is c]ta9 t _! mat]ial sub/ance did n2 = aft] ! fun]al all ! mats & o!r valuables s pres5t$ 7 di/ribut$ among ! m\rn]s & fri5ds assembl$ on ! occasion1 s t e "o :o _h br\ght a gift took away some?+ 9 return on 8 dep>ture4#aec #aec ,w4 ,t4 ,prit*>d1 op4 cit4 pp4 #adg1 #aej sq42 ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #ada sq41 #adf2 ,s4 ,ella1 op4 cit4 p4 #fci2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 p4 #ahj2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bbj1 #dja1 #dje sq4 ,if ! dy+ man happ5$ to be a *ief1 numb]s cr[d$ r\nd him to receive a p>t+ look or ^w1 :ile 9 front ( ! h\se might be se5 m5 & wom5 wildly beat+ _! heads & bodies ) great /ones1 ?us inflict+ on !mselves gha/ly w\nds1 f :i* ! blood p\r$ z an (f]+ ( affection & sympa?y to _! dep>t+ fri5d or "l4 ,x 0 hop$ t1 pleas$ & propitiat$ by ! sight ( _! devotion1 ! angry god might yet /ay 8 h& & sp>e ! *ief to 8 p4 ,above all ! tumult & upro> w\ld rise ! voice ( "o :o pray$ al\d = ! life !n trembl+ 9 ! balance4 ,b if ! pray] seem$ likely to prove ineffectual1 x 0 ex*ang$ = ?reats & upbraid+4 ,o ?\ %ameless _s1 ! voice w\ld n[ be he>d exclaim+1 c\ld ,i b grasp y1 ,i w\ld sma% y\r skull to pieces6 ,come "h & let u fight toge!r4 ,don't conceal y\rself1 b %[ y\rself l a man1 & let u fight1 if y are angry4#aed #aed ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #aha sq4 ,imm$iately aft] dea?1 all ! mats on ! floor ( ! h\se 7 ?r[n outside1 & ! ?at*$ sides ( ! h\se 7 ei!r torn d[n or knock$ 9 ) clubs2 :ile ! relatives & assembl$ cr[ds wr\ght !mselves up to fr5zy1 utt]+ l\d %rieks1 r5d+ _! g>m5ts1 te>+ out _! hair by h&fuls1 burn+ _! bodies ) firebr&s1 beat+ _! faces & heads ) clubs & /ones1 or ga%+ !mselves ) %ells & %>k's tee?1 till ! blood ran freely d[n4 ,?is !y call$ an (f]+ ( blood = ! dead4 ,9 _! fury "s ( ! m\rn]s fell on ! canoes & h\ses1 break+ !m up & te>+ !m d[n1 fell+ ! bread-fruit trees1 & deva/at+ ! plantations ( yams & t>o4#aee #aee ,w4 ,t4 ,prit*>d1 ,polynesian ,rem9isc5ces1 p4 #adh2 ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #add2 ,s4 ,ella1 op4 cit4 p4 #fdj2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 p4 #ahb2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #dja sq4 ,z decomposition is rapid 9 ! hot moi/ climate ( ,samoa1 x 0 cu/om>y to bury common]s a few h\rs aft] dea?4 ,! body 0 laid out on a mat1 ano9t$ ) sc5t$ oil1 & ! face t+$ ) turm]ic1 to s(t5 ! cadav]\s look4 ,x 0 !n w\nd up 9 sev]al folds ( native clo? & ! *9 propp$ up1 ! head & face be+ left uncov]$1 :ile = "s h\rs long] ! body 0 surr\nd$ by weep+ relatives1 :o kept con/ant wat* ov] x1 s long z x rema9$ 9 ! h\se4 ,^! wat*]s 7 always wom51 & none ( !m might quit h] po/ "u any pretext till %e 0 reliev$ by ano!r4 ,a fire 0 kept burn+ brightly 9 ! h\se all ! "t4 ,if ! deceas$ _h di$ ( a compla9t :i* _h previ\sly c>ri$ (f o!r memb]s ( ! family1 !y w\ld probably op5 ! body to se>* = ! disease4 ,any inflam$ sub/ance :i* !y happ5$ to f9d !y w\ld take away & burn1 ?9k+ ?us to prev5t any o!r memb] ( ! family f be+ simil>ly afflict$4 ,su* a cu/om betrays an incipi5t s5se ( dea? f natural1 in/ead ( sup]natural1 causes1 & mu/ h contribut$ to diffuse a k ( human anatomy4#aef #aef ,w4 ,t4 ,prit*>d1 ,polynesian ,rem9isc5ces1 pp4 #adh sq42 ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #add sq42 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 #ahb2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #djb4 ,s long z a corpse rema9$ 9 ! h\se no food might be eat5 "u ! ro(2 ! family _h _! meals outside or 9 ano!r h\se4 ,^? :o _h att5d$ to ! deceas$ or h&l$ ! corpse 7 taboo3 !y might n fe$ !mselves or t\* food ) _! h&s4 ,= days !y 7 f$ by o!rs z if !y 7 helpless infants4 ,baldness & ! loss ( tee? 7 suppos$ to be ! puni%m5t inflict$ by ! h\sehold god = a brea* ( ! rule4 ,_m p fa/$ at su* times1 eat+ no?+ dur+ ! day1 b tak+ a meal 9 ! ev5+4 ,! fif? day 0 a day ( purification4 ,! taboo$ p]sons !n wa%$ _! faces & h&s ) hot wat] & 7 clean2 aft] t !y 7 free to eat at ! usual "t & 9 ! usual mann]4#aeg #aeg ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #ade2 ,w4 ,t4 ,prit*>d1 op4 cit4 p4 #adi2 ,s4 ,ella1 op4 cit4 p4 #fdj2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 p4 #ahb2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #djb4 ,! ord9>y mode ( dispos+ ( ! dead 0 by int]m5t ei!r 9 a /one vault or 9 a %all[ grave4 ,b occasionally o!r modes 7 adopt$1 su* z embalm+1 putt+ ! corpse 9 a canoe & sett+ x adrift on ! sea1 or expos+ x on a /age erect$ 9 ! =e/1 :]e x 0 left to decay1 ! bones be+ aft]w>ds collect$ & buri$4 ,^u ! dea? ( a *ief 8 body 0 g5]ally deposit$ 9 a family vault1 ! sides & bottom ( :i* 7 l9$ ) l>ge slabs ( s&/one or basalt1 :ile ano!r l>ge slab ( ! same mat]ial =m$ ! ro(4 ,su* vaults 7 sometimes l>ge & massive4 ,! /ones us$ 9 _! con/ruction 7 f\nd 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! isl&s4 ,common]s 7 buri$ 9 %all[ graves4#aeh #aeh ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #agh sq4 ,ord9>y p 7 usually buri$ ! day aft] !y di$4 ,z _m fri5ds z c\ld be pres5t att5d$ ! fun]al4 ,e "o br\ght a pres5t1 b on ! day aft] ! fun]al all ^! pres5ts1 l ^? :i* _h previ\sly be5 made to ! dy+ man1 7 di/ribut$ aga91 s t none w5t empty-h&$ away4 ,! corpse 0 g5]ally buri$ )\t a c(f92 b *iefs 7 laid 9 holl[ logs or canoes4 ,h[ev]1 ev5 ! bodies ( common p 7 sometimes int]r$ 9 rude c(f9s simil>ly con/ruct$4 ,!re 7 no common bury+-gr\nds2 all pref]r$ to bury _! dead on _! own l&4 ,(t5 ! grave 0 dug close to ! h\se4 ,! body 0 laid 9 x ) ! head to ! ea/ & ! feet to ! we/4 ,:5 x _h be5 ?us committ$ to its la/ re/+-place1 a ne> relative ( ! deceas$1 a si/]1 if "o surviv$1 seat$ h]self at ! grave1 & wav+ a :ite clo? ov] ! corpse1 began an address to ! dead4 ,compassion to y1 %e said1 g ) goodwill1 & )\t be>+ malice t[>ds u4 ,take ) y all our diseases1 & leave u life4 ,!n po9t+ to ! we/1 %e exclaim$1 ,mis]y !re6 ,next po9t+ to ! ea/1 %e cri$1 ,prosp]ity !re6 ,la/ly1 po9t+ to ! grave1 %e said1 ,mis]y !re2 b leave happ9ess ) u6 ,) ! body !y deposit$ 9 ! grave sev]al ?+s :i* _h be5 us$ by ! deceas$ dur+ 8 illness1 su* z 8 clo?+1 8 dr9k+-cup1 & 8 bamboo pill[4 ,! wood5 pickaxes & coco-nut %ells employ$ z %ovels 9 digg+ ! grave 7 also c>efully buri$ ) ! corpse4 ,x 0 n1 we are told1 because ! p believ$ ^! ?+s to be ( use to ! dead2 b because x 0 suppos$ t1 if !y 7 left & h&l$ by o!rs1 fur!r disease & dea? w\ld be ! consequ5ce4 ,valuable mats & o!r articles ( prop]ty 7 sometimes buri$ ) ! corpse1 & ! grave ( a w>rior 0 surr\nd$ ) spe>s /uck upright 9 ! gr\nd4 ,graves 7 sometimes enclos$ ) /ones & /rewn ) s& or crumbl$ coral4#aei #aei ,w4 ,t4 ,prit*>d1 ,polynesian ,rem9isc5ces1 pp4 #aej sq42 ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #adf sq42 ,s4 ,ella1 op4 cit4 pp4 #fdj sq42 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #agi sq41 #ahb sq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #djc4 ,! obsequies ( a *ief ( high rank 7 m elaborate4 ,! body 0 kept unburi$ = days until 8 clansfolk _h assembl$ f v>i\s p>ts ( ! isl&s & p>ad$ ! body1 %\ld] high1 ?r\gh ! village1 *ant+ a melan*oly dirge4#afj ,! m\rn+ & c]emonies la/$ f t5 to fifte5 days4 ,all t "t ! h\se ( dea? 0 wat*$ night & day by m5 appo9t$ = ! purpose4 ,aft] ! burial1 & until ! days ( m\rn+ 7 end$1 ! daytime 0 g5]ally sp5t 9 box+ & wre/l+ mat*es1 & %am-fights1 :ile ! nights 7 occupi$ ) danc+ & practis+ a k9d ( buffoon]y1 :i* 0 cu/om>y at ^! seasons ( m\rn+ = ! dead4 ,! p]=mance 0 call$ ,o le tau-p+a4 ,! p]=m]s amus$ !mselves by mak+ a v>iety ( ludicr\s faces & grimaces at ea* o!r1 to see :o c\ld excite ! o!r to laugh fir/4 ,?us !y :il$ away ! h\rs ( night till ! days ( m\rn+ 7 expir$4#afa ,s long z ! fun]al c]emonies & fea/s la/$ no "w might be done 9 ! village1 & no /rang]s might approa* x4 ,! neighb\r+ lagoon & reefs 7 taboo3 no canoe might pass ov] ! lagoon any:]e ne> ! village1 & no man might fi% 9 x or on ! reef4#afb ,= a *ief or man ( di/9ction fires 7 kept burn+ day & night 9 a l9e f ! h\se to ! grave2 ^! fires 7 ma9ta9$ = t5 days aft] ! fun]al4 ,! reason assign$ = ?is cu/om1 accord+ to ,ella1 0 to keep away evil spirits4 ,ev5 common p obs]v$ a simil> cu/om4 ,aft] burial !y kept a fire blaz+ 9 ! h\se all night1 & !y 7 c>eful to cle> ! int]v5+ gr\nd s t a /ream ( light w5t =? f ! h\se to ! grave4 ,! acc\nt :i* ! ,samoans gave ( ! cu/om1 accord+ to ,turn]1 0 t x 0 m]ely a light burn+ 9 hon\r ( ! dep>t$1 & a m>k ( _! t5d] reg>d = him4 ,dr4 ,george ,br[n believ$ t ! orig9al motive = ! cu/om 0 to w>m ! gho/1 & probably at ! same "t to protect ! m\rn]s aga9/ dang]\s spirits4#afc #afj ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #adf #afa ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #ahc sq4 #afb ,w4 ,t4 ,prit*>d1 ,polynesian ,rem9isc5ces1 pp4 #adi sq42 ,s4 ,ella1 op4 cit4 p4 #fdb2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #djc sq4 #afc ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #adi2 ,s4 ,ella1 op4 cit4 pp4 #fdj sq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #djb4 ,! head 0 deem$ a v sacr$ "p1 & 9 old5 days ! bodies ( *iefs 7 (t5 buri$ ne> _! h\ses until decomposition _h set 91 :5 ! head 0 cut (f & int]r$ 9 "s family bury+-place inl&1 to save x f insult 9 "t ( w>4 ,?is int]m5t ( ! head 0 accompani$ ) fea/s1 dances1 & %am-fights4 ,! skull 0 borne to ! appo9t$ place on a k9d ( /age1 att5d$ by a troop ( arm$ m54 ,) ^! %am-fights ,dr4 ,george ,br[n1 :o records ! cu/om1 comp>es ! %am-fights :i* us$ to take place among ! ,melanesians ( ! ,duke ( ,york ,isl& :5 ! body ( a *ief 0 laid on a high plat=m 9 front ( 8 h\se1 "o company ( w>riors /riv+ to deposit ! corpse on ! plat=m1 :ile _! adv]s>ies attempt$ to prev5t !m f do+ s4#afd ,! mean+ ( ^! curi\s %am-fights is obscure4 ,p]haps ! attack+ p>ty repres5t$ a b& ( evil spirits1 :o endeav\r$ to snat* away ! *ief's body1 b 7 defeat$ 9 ! nef>i\s attempt4 #afd ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #chh sq41 #djd sq4 ,"o or two families ( *iefs 9 ! isl& ( ,upolu us$ to practise a rude k9d ( embalm+4 ,! "w 0 done exclusively by wom54 ,! visc]a hav+ be5 remov$ & buri$1 ! wom5 ano9t$ ! body daily ) a mixture ( oil & aromatic juices4 ,to let ! fluids escape1 !y punctur$ ! body all ov] ) f9e ne$les4 ,f9ally1 wads ( native clo?1 saturat$ ) oil or res9\s gums1 7 ins]t$ 9 ! abdom51 ! ap]tures 7 clos$ up1 & ! body wrapt 9 native clo?4 ,! face1 h&s1 & feet 7 left expos$1 & 7 repeat$ly ano9t$ ) oil1 mix$ ) turm]ic p[d]1 to give a fre% & life-l appe>ance to ! mummy4 ,! :ole process la/$ ab\t two mon?s4 ,on its completion ! mummy 0 plac$ 9 a h\se built specially = ! purpose1 :]e1 loosely cov]$ ) a %eet ( native clo?1 x re/$ on a rais$ plat=m4 ,/rang]s 7 freely admitt$ to see x4 ,f\r ( ^! mummies1 laid out 9 a h\se1 7 to be se5 d[n to ab\t ! ye> #ahfd4 ,!y 7 ! bodies ( a *ief1 8 wife1 & two sons4 ,dr4 ,george ,turn] judg$ t !y mu/ h be5 embalm$ upw>ds ( ?irty ye>s1 & al?\gh !y _h be5 expos$ all t "t1 !y 7 9 a rem>kably good /ate ( pres]vation4 ,! p assign$ no p>ticul> reason = ! practice1 fur!r ?an t x sprang f an affectionate desire to keep ! bodies ( _! dep>t$ fri5ds ) !m1 z if !y 7 /ill alive4#afe #afe ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #adh sq42 ,s4 ,ella1 op4 cit4 p4 #fda2 ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #ahd sq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #dje4 ,sec4 #aa4 ,! ,fate ( ! ,human ,s\l aft] ,dea? ,) reg>d to ! fate ( human s\ls aft] dea? ! ,samoans appe> to h believ$ 9 _! immortality1 or at all ev5ts 9 _! indef9ite survival4 ,on ?is subject ,dr4 ,br[n obs]ves3 ,all s\ls surviv$ aft] dea?1 & s f> z ,i "k !y _h no idea ( _! dy+ a second dea? or be+ de/roy$4 ,i d n ?9k t a ,samoan c\ld give any reason = 8 belief t ! s\l does n p]i% ) ! body1 b he c]ta9ly does believe ?is1 & ,i nev] he>d any "o "q ! fact4#aff ,?us1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,br[n ! ,samoans1 unlike ! ,tongans1 drew no invidi\s di/9ction betwe5 ! s\ls ( noblem5 & ! s\ls ( common]s1 b lib]ally op5$ ! doors ( immortality to g5tle & simple alike4 ,s f>1 !y c>ri$ _! republican or democratic _s into ! _w beyond ! grave4 #aff ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bbj sq4 ,h[ev]1 accord+ to ! ,am]ican e?nologi/1 ,horatio ,hale1 "s ( ! ,samoans agre$ ) ! ,tongans 9 tak+ an ari/ocratic view ( ! de/9y ( s\ls aft] dea?2 & z he _h good opportunities = acqua9t+ himself ) ! ,samoan religion dur+ ! prolong$ /ay ( ! ,am]ican ,explor+ ,exp$ition at ,samoa 9 #ahci1 :5 ! isl&s 7 z yet b little affect$ by ,european influ5ce1 ,i w quote 8 acc\nt4 ,he says3 ,all believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( a l>ge isl&1 situat$ f> to ! nor?-we/ call$ ,pulotu1 :i* is ! resid5ce ( ! gods4 ,"s suppose t :ile ! s\ls ( ! common p p]i% ) _! bodies1 ^? ( ! *iefs are receiv$ into ?is isl&1 :i* is describ$ z a t]re/rial elysium1 & become !re inf]ior div9ities4 ,o!rs hold 7accord+ to ,mr4 ,hea?7 t ! spirits ( ! dep>t$ live & "w 9 a d>k subt]rane\s abode1 & are eat5 by ! gods4 ,a ?ird1 & v common op9ion is1 t ! s\ls ( all :o die on an isl&1 make _! way to ! we/]n extremity1 :]e !y plunge into ! sea2 b :at !n becomes ( !m is n /at$4 ,! rock f :i* !y leap1 9 ! isl& ( ,upolu1 0 po9t$ out to u2 ! natives t]m x ',fatu-as(ia1' :i* 0 r5d]$ ! 'jump+-(f /one4'#afg #afg ,h4 ,hale1 ,e?nography & ,philology ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 p4 #bg4 ,( ^! v>i\s op9ions describ$ by ,hale ! ?ird w\ld seem to h be5 by f> ! mo/ preval5t4 ,x 0 commonly believ$ t ! disembodi$ _s reta9$ ! exact resemblance ( its =m] self1 by :i* we are probably to und]/& ! exact resemblance ( its =m] body4 ,imm$iately on quitt+ its e>?ly tab]nacle x began its solit>y j\rney to ,fafa1 :i* 0 ! subt]ranean abode ( ! dead1 ly+ some:]e to ! we/ ( ,savaii1 ! mo/ we/]ly isl& ( ! gr\p4 ,?us1 if a man di$ 9 ,manua1 ! mo/ ea/]ly ( ! isl&s1 8 s\l w\ld j\rney to ! we/]n end ( t isl&1 !n dive into ! sea & swim across to ,tutuila4 ,!re x w\ld walk along ! bea* to ! extreme we/]ly po9t ( ! isl&1 :5 x w\ld aga9 plunge into ! sea & swim across to ! next isl&1 & s on to ! mo/ we/]ly cape ( ,savaii1 :]e x f9ally div$ into ! ocean & pursu$ its way to ! my/]i\s ,fafa4#afh #afh ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #bah sq4 ,comp>e ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #beg2 ,s4 ,ella1 op4 cit4 pp4 #fdc sq4 ,at ! we/]n end ( ,savaii1 ne> ! village ( ,falealupo1 !re are two circul> op5+s among ! rocks1 n f> f ! bea*4 ,d[n ^! two op5+s ! s\ls ( ! dead 7 suppos$ to g on _! passage to ! _s-_w4 ,! s\ls ( *iefs w5t d[n ! l>g] ( ! op5+s1 & ! s\ls ( common p w5t d[n ! small]4 ,ne> ! spot /ood a coco-nut tree1 & if a pass+ s\l *anc$ to collide ) x1 ! s\l c\ld n proce$ f>!r1 b return$ to its body4 ,:5 a man recov]$ f a deep swoon1 8 fri5ds suppos$ t 8 s\l _h be5 arre/$ 9 its progress to ! o!r _w by knock+ aga9/ ! coco-nut tree1 & !y rejoic$1 say+1 ,he has come back f ! tree ( ! ,wat*]1 = t 0 ! "n by :i* ! coco-nut tree 0 kn[n4 ,s firmly did ! p ( ! neighb\rhood believe 9 ! passage ( ! s\ls ne> _! h\ses1 t at night !y kept d[n ! bl9ds to exclude ! gho/s4#afi ,! jump+-(f /one at ! we/ end ( ,upolu 0 also dread$ on acc\nt ( ! pass+ gho/s4 ,! place is a n>r[ rocky cape4 ,! ,samoans 7 mu* a/oni%$ :5 a ,*ri/ian native boldly built himself a h\se on ! haunt$ spot4#agj ,accord+ to "o acc\nt1 ! s\ls ( ! dead _h n to make _! way ?r\gh ! *a9 ( isl&s by ! sl[ process ( walk+ & swimm+1 b 7 at once transport$ to ! we/]n end ( ,savaii by a b& ( spirits1 :o hov]$ ov] ! h\se ( ! dy+ man1 & cat*+ up 8 p>t+ _s convey$ x 9 a /raight c\rse we/w>d4#aga #afi ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #beg sq42 ,s4 ,ella1 op4 cit4 pp4 #fdc sq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #bba4 #agj ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 p4 #bai4 #aga ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #beg2 ,s4 ,ella1 op4 cit4 p4 #fdc4 ,! place d[n :i* ! spirits ( ! dead 7 suppos$ to desc5d to ! ne!r _w 0 call$ by a native "n 7,luao71 :i* means holl[ pit4 ,may y g rumbl+ d[n ! holl[ pit 0 a common =m ( curs+4 ,at ! bottom ( ! pit 0 a runn+ /ream :i* float$ ! spirits away to ,pulotu4 ,all alike1 ! h&some & ! ugly1 old & "y1 *iefs & common]s1 drift$ pell-mell on ! curr5t 9 a daz$1 semi-consci\s /ate1 till !y came to ,pulotu4 ,!re !y ba!d 9 ! ,wat] ( ,life & recov]$ all _! old life & vig\r4 ,infirmity ( e k9d fl$ away2 ev5 ! ag$ became "y aga94 ,! und]world ( ,pulotu 0 conceiv$ on ! model ( our upp] _w4 ,!re1 z "h1 7 heav5s & e>? & sea1 fruits & fl[]s2 !re ! s\ls ( ! dead plant$ & fi%$ & cook$2 !re !y m>ri$ & 7 giv5 9 m>riage1 all aft] ! mann] ( life on e>?4#agb #agb ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #beh sq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #bbb4 ,h[ev]1 x appe>s t accord+ to a widespread belief ! _w ( ! dead 0 %>ply discrim9at$ into two regions1 to wit1 an ,elysium or place ( bliss call$ ,pulotu1 & a ,t>t>us or place ( woe nam$ ,sa-le-,fe'e4 ,! title = admission to "o or o!r ( ^! places 0 n moral wor? b social rank1 *iefs go+ to ,elysium & common]s to ,t>t>us4 ,! idea ( ! sup]iority ( ! *iefs to ! common p 0 ?us p]petuat$ 9 ! l& ( ! dead4#agc ,! k+ ( ! l[] regions 0 a c]ta9 ,saveasiuleo1 t is1 ,savea ( ! ,e*o4 ,he recl9$ 9 a h\se 9 ! company ( ! *iefs :o ga!r$ r\nd him3 ! upp] "p ( 8 body 0 human1 ! l[] "p 0 l t ( a fi% & /ret*$ away into ! sea4 ,?is royal h\se ( assembly 0 support$ by ! erect bodies ( *iefs1 :o _h be5 ( high rank on e>?1 & :o1 be=e !y di$1 anticipat$ ) pride ! hon\r !y 7 to enjoy by s]v+ z pill>s 9 ! temple ( ! ,k+ ( ,pulotu4#agd #agc ,j4 ,b4 ,/air1 ,old ,samoa1 pp4 #bag sq42 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #bba4 ,on ! "q :e!r ! ,samoans held a doctr9e ( moral retribution aft] dea?1 ,dr4 ,br[n obs]ves3 ,i d n rememb] any /atem5t to ! effect t ! conduct ( a man 9 ?is life affect$ 8 /ate aft] dea?4 ,!y c]ta9ly believe ?is n[1 b :e!r !y did s prior to ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity ,i _c def9itely say4 ,i am incl9$1 h[ev]1 to believe t !y did n believe t conduct 9 ?is life affect$ !m 9 ! future 7,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bfa sq474 ,else:]e1 h[ev]1 ,dr4 ,br[n seems to express a contr>y op9ion4 ,he says3 ,x 0 g5]ally und]/ood t ! conditions ( m5 9 ?is life1 ev5 among/ ! common p1 _h an effect on _! future conditions4 ,a good man 9 ,samoa g5]ally meant a lib]al man1 "o :o 0 g5]\s & hospitable2 :il/ a bad man 0 "o :o 0 mean1 selfi%1 & gre$y ab\t food 7op4 cit4 p4 #bbb74 #agd ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #bei sq42 ,s4 ,ella1 op4 cit4 p4 #fdd4 ,b ! s\ls ( ! dead 7 n p]man5tly conf9$ to ! l[] _w4 ,!y c\ld return to ! l& ( ! liv+ by night to hold conv]se ) memb]s ( _! families1 to w>n & in/ruct !m 9 dreams1 & to =etell ! future4 ,!y c\ld cause disease & dea? by ent]+ into ! bodies ( _! enemies & ev5 ( _! fri5ds1 & !y produc$ nightm>e by sitt+ on ! *e/s ( sleep]s4 ,!y haunt$ "s h\ses & especially bury+-gr\nds4 ,_! app>itions 7 visible to ! liv+ & 7 greatly dread$2 p tri$ to drive !m away by %\ts1 noises1 & ! fir+ ( guns4 ,b ! gho/s _h to return to ! ne!r _w at daybreak4 ,x 0 because !y fe>$ ! spirits ( ! dead t ! ,samoans took su* great pa9s to propitiate dy+ p ) pres5ts2 ?is !y did above all to p]sons :om !y _h injur$1 because !y _h mo/ reason to dread ! ang] ( _! gho/s4#age ,h[ev]1 ! s\ls ( ! dep>t$ 7 also ?\ght ( 9 a m amiable light2 !y c\ld help z well z h>m mank9d4 ,h5ce pray]s 7 commonly (f]$ at ! grave ( a p>5t1 a bro!r1 or a *ief4 ,! suppliant1 = example1 might pray = heal? 9 sickness2 or1 if he 7 ( a malignant turn1 he might implore ! gho/ to compass ! dea? ( "s p]son at :om he bore a grudge4 ,?us we are told t a woman pray$ = ! dea? ( h] bro!r1 & he di$ accord+ly4#agf ,9 su* beliefs & practices we h1 z ,i h already obs]v$1 ! ess5tial elem5ts ( a regul> wor%ip ( ! dead4 ,:e!r ! ,samoans 7 on ! way to evolve su* a religion or1 z ,dr4 ,george ,br[n pref]r$ to suppose1#agg _h left x beh9d !m & made "s progress t[>ds a high] fai?1 we h>dly possess ! means ( det]m9+4 #age ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #bei2 ,s4 ,ella1 op4 cit4 p4 #fdd2 ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bai1 #bba1 #bbb4 #agf ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 p4 #aea4 #agg ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 pp4 #bde1 #bhb4 ,b :ile ! ,samoans ?\ght t ! dead return to e>? to make or m> ! liv+1 !y did n believe t ! spirits come back to be born aga9 9 ! =m ( m5 or animals or to occupy inanimate bodies2 9 o!r words !y _h no belief 9 ! transmigration ( s\ls4#agh ,! abs5ce ( su* a belief is significant 9 view ( ,dr4 ,riv]s's sugge/ion t ,melanesian totemism may h be5 evolv$ out ( a doctr9e ( metempsy*osis1 human s\ls be+ suppos$ to pass at dea? into _! totem animals or plants4#agi ,we h se5 t ! ,samoan sy/em ( family1 village1 & di/rict gods be>s /rong m>ks ( hav+ be5 develop$ out ( totemism2 & if _! totemism _h 9 turn be5 develop$ out ( a doctr9e ( transmigration1 we %\ld expect to f9d among !m a belief t ! s\ls ( ! dead appe>$ 9 ! %ape ( ! animals1 plants1 or o!r natural objects :i* 7 reg>d$ z ! embodim5ts ( _! family1 village1 or di/rict gods4 ,b ( su* a belief !re is seem+ly no trace4 ,x appe>s1 !re=e1 unlikely t ,samoan totemism 0 bas$ on a doctr9e ( transmigration4 ,simil>ly we h se5 reason to ?9k t ! ,tongan wor%ip ( animals may h sprung f totemism1 ?\gh accord+ to ! be/ au?orities t wor%ip 0 n connect$ ) a !ory ( metempsy*osis4#ahj ,tak5 toge!r1 ! ,samoan & ! ,tongan sy/ems seem to %[ t1 if totemism ev] fl\ri%$ among ! ,polynesians1 x _h n its roots 9 a wor%ip ( ! dead4 #agh ,g4 ,br[n1 ,melanesians & ,polynesians1 p4 #bba1 ,!y _h no belief 9 ! transmigration ( s\ls ei!r into animals1 in]t bodies1 or into diff]5t human bodies4 #agi ,w4 ,h4 ,r4 ,riv]s1 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,melanesian ,society1 ii4 #ceh sqq4 #ahj ,see above1 pp4 #ib sqq4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,belief ,,9 ,,immortality ,,among ,,! ,,h]vey ,,isl&]s ,sec4 #a4 ,! ,h]vey or ,cook ,isl&s ,! ,h]vey or ,cook ,ar*ipelago is a scatt]$ gr\p ( n9e small isl&s situat$ 9 ! ,s\? ,pacific ab\t sev5 hundr$ miles s\?-ea/ ( ,samoa4 ,! isl&s are ei!r volcanic or corall9e1 & approa* to !m is imp$$ by dang]\s reefs & ! abs5ce ( h>b\rs4#a ,! two pr9cipal isl&s are ,r>otonga & ,mangaia1 ! mo/ s\!rly ( ! gr\p4 ,( ^! ! l>g]1 ,r>otonga1 has a circumf]5ce ( ab\t ?irty miles4 ,x is a va/ mass ( volcanic m\nta9s1 ris+ peak above peak1 to a height ( betwe5 f\r & five ?\s& feet above ! sea2 b f ! foot ( ! m\nta9s a /ret* ( flat l&1 cov]$ ) ri* alluvial soil1 ext5ds = "o or two miles to ! coa/1 :i* is =m$ by a fr++ reef ( live coral4 ,! :ole isl& is mantl$ 9 luxuriant tropical v]dure4 ,x is difficult1 we are told1 to exagg]ate ! /range =ms ( beauty :i* ev]y:]e meet ! eye 9 ?is lovely isl&3 gigantic & fanta/ic columns ( rock drap$ ) v9es2 deep valleys ly+ 9 ! %ad[ ( ov]hang+ m\nta9s2 primaeval =e/ ) its _m %ades ( gre52 imm5se *e/nut trees1 lad5 ) fragrant blossoms2 miles ( bread-fruit groves1 int]m+l$ ) coco-nut palms2 & ne>] ! bea* planta9s1 bananas1 sweet potatoes1 & la/ly1 gr[+ to ! wat]'s edge1 graceful iron-wood trees ) hair-l leaves droop+ l tresses1 all contribute to ! v>iety & *>m ( ! sc5]y4#b #a ,f4 ,h4 ,h4 ,guillem>d1 ,au/ralasia1 ii4 7,london1 #ahid7 p4 #eji4 #b ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,life 9 ! ,s\!rn ,isles 7,london1 ,n4,d471 p4 #aa4 ,comp>e ,john ,williams1 ,n>rative ( ,mission>y ,ent]prises 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s 7,london1 #ahch71 pp4 #af1 #agd-agf4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,guillem>d 7loc4 cit471 ! height ( ,r>otonga is #bijj feet2 accord+ to ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 our pr9cipal au?ority on ! isl&1 x is #dejj feet4 ,v diff]5t is ! aspect ( ,mangaia4 ,x is a complete coral isl& ris+ f deep wat] z a r+ ( live coral2 !re is no lagoon4 ,a few hundr$ y>ds inl& f ! rugg$ bea* !re rises gradually a second or inn] r+ ( dead coral1 :i* t[>ds ! int]ior falls away p]p5dicul>ly1 ?us surr\nd+ ! isl& l a cyclopean wall4 ,?is belt or bulw>k ( dead coral is f "o to two miles wide4 ,to cross x is l walk+ on spe>-po9ts3 to slip & fall on x may entail gha/ly w\nds4 ,! /reams ( wat] f ! int]ior f9d _! way ?r\gh x to ! sea by subt]ranean *annels4 ,imb$d$ 9 ! highe/ p>ts ( ?is inl& reef ( coral are _m sea-%ells ( exi/+ species1 & x is honeycomb$ ) _m ext5sive caves1 :i* 7 =m]ly us$ z dwell+s1 cemet]ies1 places ( refuge1 or /oreh\ses4 ,scores ( !m are fill$ ) desiccat$ human bodies4 ,s va/ are !y t x is dang]\s to v5ture alone into _! recesses2 ! =lorn w&]] might nev] em]ge f !m aga94 ,"s ( !m are said to p5etrate f> "u ! b$ ( ! ocean4 ,9 ^! cav]ns /alactite & /alagmite ab\nd1 =m+ ?ick & fa/-gr[+ lay]s ( lime/one rock4 ,! l>ge/ & mo/ fam\s ( ! caves is kn[n z ! ,labyr9? 7,tuat9i74 ,! int]ior ( ! isl& is =m$ ( d>k volcanic rock & r$ clay1 desc5d+ 9 l[ hills f a flat-topp$ c5tre1 call$ ! ,cr[n ( ,mangaia4 ,! summit is n m ?an six hundr$ & fifty feet above ! level ( ! sea4#c #c ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,life 9 ! ,s\!rn ,isles4 pp4 #g sq42 id41 ,f ,d>kness to ,light 9 ,polynesia 7,london1 #ahid71 pp4 #f sq42 ,a4 ,baessl]1 ,neue ,su$see-,bild] 7,b]l91 #aijj71 pp4 #bga sqq41 #bgd sqq4 7z to ! cav]ns74 ,sec4 #b4 ,! ,isl&]s & _! ,mode ( ,life ,?\gh ! natives speak a ,polynesian language closely ak9 to ! ,samoan & h leg5ds ( _! migration f ,samoa1 !y appe> n to be pure ,polynesians4 ,!y say t !y f\nd black p on ,r>otonga2 & _! m pron\nc$ features1 m wavy hair1 d>k] complexion1 & m en]getic "* seem to indicate an admixture ( ,melanesian blood4 ,9 ,mangaia1 inde$1 ?is type is said to pr$om9ate1 ! natives ( t isl& be+ *>act]is$ by dusky br[n sk91 wavy or frizzly hair1 & ample be>ds3 _! features1 too1 are m prom95t ?an ^? ( ! ,r>otongans1 & _! mann]s are wild]4#d ,cannibalism prevail$ 9 mo/ ( ! isl&s ( ! gr\p d[n to ! conv]sion ( ! natives to ,*ri/ianity1 :i* took place betwe5 #ahbc & #ahcd1 :51 ) ! exception ( a few pagans 9 ,mangaia1 !re did n rema9 a s+le idolat]1 or ve/ige ( idolatry1 9 any "o ( ! isl&s4 ,h[ev]1 _m ye>s aft]w>ds old m51 :o _h p>tak5 ( cannibal fea/s1 assur$ a mission>y t human fle% 0 f> sup]ior to pork4#e #d ,f4 ,h4 ,h4 ,guillem>d1 ,au/ralasia1 ii4 #eji4 ,comp>e ,a4 ,baessl]1 ,neue ,su$see-,bild]1 pp4 #beg sq41 #bfi4 ,! latt] writ] rem>ks on ! great v>iety ( types among ! natives ( ^! isl&s4 ,9 ,mangaia he f\nd ! p d>k] ?an 9 ,r>otonga1 und]siz$1 /urdy1 ) ?ick lips1 noses broad & sunk5 at ! bridge1 :i* gave !m a some:at wild appe>ance4 ,z to ! tradition ( an emigration ( ! ,h]vey ,isl&]s f ,samoa1 see ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,life 9 ! ,s\!rn ,isles1 pp4 #bc sqq4 ,! ,mangaians !mselves trace _! orig9 to ,avaiki1 or ne!r _w2 b ,avaiki1 ,hawai'i1 & ,savai'i1 are b slightly diff]5t =ms ( "o ^w4 ,! s ( ! ,samoan dialect is inv>iably dropp$ 9 ! ,h]vey ,gr\p dialects1 :il/ a k is sub/itut$ = ! break at ! end4 ,no native ( ^! days d\bts t by ,avaiki 8 ance/ors really int5d$ ,savai'i1 ! l>ge/ isl& ( ! ,samoan ,gr\p4 ,9 ,polynesia1 to sail we/ is to g d[n2 to sail ea/ is to g up4 ,to sail f ,samoa to ,mangaia w\ld be 'to come up1' or1 to translate _! v]nacul> closely1 'to climb up4' ,9 _! songs & my?s are _m ref]5ces to '! ho/s ( ,ukupolu1' und\bt$ly ! ,upolu ( ,samoa 7,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 op4 cit4 p4 #be74 ,comp>e id41 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific 7,london1 #ahgf71 pp4 #aff sq4 #e ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,life 9 ! ,s\!rn ,isles1 pp4 #ac sq42 id41 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 ,report ( ! ,second ,meet+ ( ! ,au/ralasian ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce held at ,melb\rne1 #ahij1 p4 #cbd4 ,z to ! date ( ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity into ! ,h]vey ,isl&s1 see ,john ,williams1 ,n>rative ( ,mission>y ,ent]prises 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 pp4 #dia sq4 ,9 ! l>g] isl&s ! natives cultivat$ ! soil dilig5tly ev5 be=e _! contact ) ,europeans4 ,! mission>y ,john ,williams1 :o discov]$ ,r>otonga 9 #ahbc1 f\nd ! isl& 9 a high /ate ( cultivation4 ,r[s ( sup]b *e/nut trees 7inoc>pus71 plant$ at equal di/ances1 /ret*$ f ! base ( ! m\nta9s to ! sea1 :ile ! spaces betwe5 ! r[s1 "s half a mile wide1 7 divid$ into t>o pat*es1 ea* ab\t half an acre 9 ext5t1 c>efully bank$ up & capable ( be+ irrigat$ at pleasure4 ,on ! tops ( ! banks grew f9e bread-fruit trees plac$ at equal int]vals1 _! /ately foliage pres5t+ a pleas+ contra/ to ! pea-gre5 leaves ( ! ord9>y t>o & ! d>k col\r ( ! giant t>o 7kape7 9 ! b$s & on ! slop+ banks b5ea?4#f ,9 ,r>otonga bread-fruit & planta9s are ! /aple food2 9 ,mangaia x is t>o4 ,on ! atolls ! coco-nut palm fl\ri%es1 b no plant+ c be done1 z ! soil consi/s ( s& & gravel ?r[n up by ! sea on ! ev]-gr[+ coral4 ,! inhabitants ( ! atolls live cont5t$ly on coco-nuts & fi%2 !y are exp]t fi%]m51 hav+ little else to d4 ,b fre% fi% are also eat5 9 l>ge quantities on mo/ ( ! isl&s4#g ,9 "s ( ! isl&s ! plant+ 0 done by ! wom51 b 9 o!rs1 includ+ ,r>otonga1 ! t>o 0 bo? plant$ & br\ght home by ! m54 ,wom5 cook$ ! food 9 ov5s ( hot /ones sunk 9 holes1 & !y made clo? f ! b>k ( ! pap]-mulb]ry1 :i* !y /ripp$ f ! tree1 /eep$ 9 wat]1 & beat out ) squ>e mallets ( iron-wood4 ,b g>m5ts 7 made also f ! inn] b>k ( ! banyan & bread-fruit trees4#h ,9 ! old days ! native h\ses 7 flimsy quadrangul> huts con/ruct$ ( re$s & ?at*$ ) plait$ leaflets ( ! coco-nut palm1 :i* 7 v p]vi\s to ra92 b ! temples & l>ge h\ses ( *iefs 7 ?at*$ ) p&anus leaves4 ,! doors 7 always slid+2 ! ?re%old 0 made ( a s+le block ( timb]1 ta/efully c>v$4 ,!re 0 a sacr$ & a common entrance4#i ,l all ! ,polynesians1 ! ,h]vey ,isl&]s be=e _! discov]y 7 ignorant ( ! metals4 ,:5 9 a wreck$ vessel !y f\nd a bag ( ,cali=nian gold1 !y ?\ght x 0 some?+ good to eat & proce$$ to cook ! nuggets 9 ord] to make !m juicy & t5d]4#aj #f ,john ,williams1 op4 cit4 pp4 #age sq4 #g ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,life 9 ! ,s\!rn ,isles1 pp4 #ab1 #ae2 id41 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 ,report ( ! ,second ,meet+ ( ! ,au/ralasian ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce held at ,melb\rne1 #ahij1 p4 #ccf4 #h ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 pp4 #ccb sq41 #cch4 #i ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,life 9 ! ,s\!rn ,isles1 p4 #af2 id41 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 pp4 #cce sq4 #aj ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,life 9 ! ,s\!rn ,isles1 p4 #af4 ,sec4 #c4 ,social ,life3 ! ,sacr$ ,k+s ,! p 7 divid$ into tribes or clans1 ea* trac+ desc5t 9 ! male l9e f a common ance/or1 & ea* possess+ its own l&s1 :i* 7 inali5able4 ,exogamy1 we are told1 0 ! univ]sal rule 9 ! old5 "t2 b :5 a tribe 0 split up 9 w>1 ! defeat$ portion 0 treat$ z an ali5 tribe4 ,polygamy 0 v common1 & 0 n re/rict$ to *iefs4 ,a man (t5 _h two or ?ree si/]s to wife at ! same "t4 ,di/ant c\s9s sometimes1 ?\gh r>ely1 m>ri$ ea* o!r2 b 9 su* cases !y _h to belong to ! same g5]ation2 t is1 !y mu/ be desc5d$ 9 ! same degree1 f\r?1 fif?1 or ev5 m remote1 f ! common ance/or4 ,if mis=tune or disease ov]took c\ples l9k$ ev5 by s di/ant a relation%ip1 ! eld]s w\ld decl>e t x 0 br\ght ^u !m by ! ang] ( ! clan-god4 ,x 0 ! duty ( p>5ts to tea* _! gr[+ *ildr5 :om !y might lawfully m>ry1 b _! *oice 0 extremely limit$4 ,*ildr5 z a rule belong$ to ! tribe or clan ( _! fa!r1 unless !y 7 adopt$ into ano!r4 ,h[ev]1 p>5ts _h x at _! option to assign a *ild at bir? ei!r to ! tribe ( its fa!r or to ! tribe ( its "m2 ?is !y did by pron\nc+ ov] ! infant ! "n ei!r ( ! fa!r's or ( ! "m's god4 ,commonly ! fa!r _h ! pref]5ce2 b occasionally1 :5 ! fa!r's tribe 0 "o f :i* human victims = sacrifice 7 regul>ly drawn1 ! "m w\ld seek to save ! *ild's life by hav+ ! "n ( h] tribal god pron\nc$ ov] x & s adopt+ x into h] own tribe4#aa ,circumcision 9 an imp]fect =m 0 practis$ 9 ! ,h]vey ,isl&s f "t immemorial4 ,x 0 usually p]=m$ on a y\? ab\t ! age ( sixte54 ,! op]ation 0 indisp5sable to m>riage4 ,no woman w\ld kn[+ly m>ry an uncircumcis$ husb&4 ,! greate/ insult t c\ld be (f]$ to a man 0 to accuse him ( be+ uncircumcis$4 ,! rite is said to h be5 inv5t$ by ! god ,rongo 9 ord] to s$uce ! beautiful wife ( 8 bro!r ,tang>oa1 & he enjo9$ ! obs]vance ( circumcision ^u 8 wor%ipp]s4#ab ,9 ,r>otonga x 0 cu/om>y to m\ld a *ild's head into a high %ape by press+ ! =ehead & ! back ( ! head betwe5 slabs ( s(t wood4 ,?is practice did n obta9 on ,mangaia nor1 app>5tly1 on any o!r isl& ( ! ,h]vey ,gr\p4#ac #aa ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 pp4 #cbc1 #ccj1 #cca1 #ccc4 #ab ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 pp4 #cbg-cbi4 ,9 ! op]ation ! prepuce 0 slit longitud9ally1 & ! divid$ pieces 7 drawn und]nea? & twi/$1 s z 9 "t to =m a small knot "u ! ure?ra4 ,z to ! c]emony ( assign+ a *ild ei!r to its fa!r's or to its "m's tribe1 see ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific 7,london1 #ahgf71 pp4 #cf sq4 #ac ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 p4 #cbf4 ,9 ,r>otonga f\r ranks ( society 7 recognis$4 ,^! 7 ! ariki1 or k+2 ! mataiapo1 or gov]nors ( di/ricts2 ! rangatira1 or l&[n]s2 & ! unga1 or t5ants4 ,a man 0 acc\nt$ great accord+ to ! numb] ( 8 ka+as or f>ms1 :i* conta9$ f "o to five acres4 ,^! 7 let to t5ants1 :o1 l vassals "u ! feudal sy/em1 obey$ ! ord]s ( _! sup]ior1 assi/$ him 9 erect+ 8 h\se1 9 build+ 8 canoe1 9 mak+ fi%+-nets1 & 9 o!r occupations1 besides br++ him a c]ta9 portion ( ! produce ( 8 l&s4#ad #ad ,john ,williams1 ,n>rative ( ,mission>y ,ent]prises 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 pp4 #ahc sq4 ,! k+s 7 sacr$ m51 be+ reg>d$ z prie/s & m\?pieces ( ! great tutel>y div9ities4#ae ,9 ,mangaia !y 7 ! prie/s or m\?pieces ( ! great god ,rongo4 ,s sacr$ 7 _! royal p]sons t no "p ( _! body might be tattoo$3 !y might n take "p 9 dances or 9 actual w>f>e4 ,peace c\ld n be proclaim$ nor blood spilt lawfully )\t ! cons5t ( ! k+ speak+ 9 ! "n ( ! god ,rongo4 ,q di/9ct f1 & subord9ate to1 ! sacr$ k+ 0 ! "l ( ,mangaia1 a w>rior *ief :o ga9$ 8 lord%ip by a decisive victory4 ,he repres5t$ ! civil p[]1 :ile ! k+ repres5t$ ! spiritual p[]2 b :ile ! (fice ( ! k+ 0 h]$it>y1 ! (fice ( ! civil "l 0 n4 ,x sometimes happ5$ t ! civil "l 0 at enmity ) ! k+ ( 8 day4 ,9 t case ! k+ w\ld refuse to complete ! c]emonies necess>y = 8 =mal inve/iture2 life w\ld rema9 unsafe2 ! soil c\ld n be cultivat$1 & fam9e soon ensu$4 ,?is /ate ( turbul5ce & mis]y might la/ = ye>s1 till ! obnoxi\s *ief _h be5 9 8 turn despat*$1 & a m agreeable successor appo9t$4#af ,?us ! sacr$ k+ & ! civil "l correspond$ to ! ,tooitonga or sacr$ *ief & ! civil k+ ( ,tonga4#ag #ae ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 p4 #cce4 #af ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #bic4 #ag ,see above1 pp4 #fb sq4 ,sec4 #d4 ,religion1 ! ,gods1 ,traces ( ,totemism ,yet ?\gh ! k+ ( ,mangaia rank$ above ! civil or temporal "l1 x devolv$ on t "l to in/all a new k+ 9 (fice by =mally seat+ him on ! sacr$ s&/one 7te kea inamoa7 9 ! sanctu>y or sacr$ grove 7m>ae7#ah ( ,rongo on ! sea-%ore fac+ ! sett+ sun4 ,! c]emony took place 9 pres5ce ( ! lead+ "u-*iefs4 ,! special duty ( ! k+ 0 by (f]+ rhy?mical & v anci5t pray]s to ,great ,rongo to keep away evil-m9d$ spirits :o might o!rwise injure ! isl&4 ,= ?is end ! pr9cipal k+ 7te ariki pa uta7 liv$ 9 ! int]ior ( ! isl& 9 ! sacr$ & f]tile di/rict ( ,keia4 ,8 pray]s 7 ?\ght to av]t evil spirits com+ f ! ea/4 ,on ! b>r5 sea-%ore at ,o-rongo 7! seat ( ! temple or grove ( ,rongo7 liv$ ! second>y k+ 7te ariki pa tai71 :o w>d$ (f bad spirits com+ f ! we/4 ,besides ?is prim>y gho/ly function1 _m o!r important duties devolv$ ^u ^! royal p]sonages4 ,! second>y or %ore k+ 0 n infrequ5tly a natural son ( ! great inl& k+4 ,by virtue ( _! (fice all k+s 7 high prie/s ( ,rongo1 ! tutel>y god ( ,mangaia4#ai #ah ,9 ! ,h]vey ,isl&s a m>ae seems to h be5 a sacr$ grove4 ,s x is describ$ by ,w4 ,w4 ,gill 7,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #ad71 :o adds 9 a note3 ,^! m>aes 7 plant$ ) callophylla inophylla1 etc41 etc41 :i*1 unt\*$ by ! h& ( man f g5]ation to g5]ation1 ?rew a sacr$ gloom ov] ! my/]ies ( idol-wor%ip4 ,! trees 7 acc\nt$ sacr$1 n = _! own sake1 b on acc\nt ( ! place :]e !y grew4 #ai ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,f ,d>kness to ,light 9 ,polynesia1 pp4 #cad sq4 ,z to ! in/allation ( ! prie/ly k+ by ! temporal "l1 see also id41 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 pp4 #cci sq4 ,b ,rongo 0 n peculi> to ! ,h]vey ,isl&s4 ,he 0 a great ,polynesian deity wor%ipp$ 9 almo/ e "p ( ! ,pacific1 & ?\gh 8 attributes diff]$ greatly 9 diff]5t places1 a univ]sal rev]5ce 0 paid to him4 ,9 ! ,h]vey ,isl&s1 he & 8 tw9 bro!r ,tang>oa 7 deem$ ! *ildr5 ( ,vatea1 ! elde/ ( ! prim>y gods1 a be+ half man & half fi%1 ^: eyes are ! sun & ! moon4 ,! wife ( ?is mon/r\s deity & "m ( ! div9e tw9s 0 ,papa1 ^: "n signifies ,f\ndation & :o 0 suppos$ to be a daught] ( ,timatekore or ,no?+-m4 ,! tw9 ,tang>oa1 ano!r great ,polynesian deity1 0 specially hon\r$ 9 ,r>otonga & ,aitutaki1 ano!r ( ! ,h]vey ,isl&s4#bj ,! fam\s ,polynesian h]o ,maui 0 also well kn[n 9 ! ,h]vey ,isl&s1 :]e p told h[ he _h br\ght up ! fir/ fire to m5 f ! "u _w1 hav+ !re wre/$ x f ! fire-god ,mauike2#ba h[ he rais$ ! sky--a solid vault ( blue /one--to its pres5t height1 = ( old ! sky almo/ t\*$ ! e>?1 s t p c\ld n walk upright2#bb & f9ally h[ he caught ! great sun-god ,ra himself 9 six nooses made ( /rong coco-nut fibre1 s t ! motions ( ! orb ( day1 :i* be=e _h be5 extremely irregul>1 h be5 mo/ ord]ly ev] s9ce4#bc #bj ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #c sqq42 id41 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 pp4 #cdh sq4 ,z to ,rongo & ,tang>oa1 see ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y 7,well+ton1 ,n4,z41 #ahia71 pp4 #dbd sq41 #dfc sq41 svv4 ,rongo & ,tang>oa4 #ba ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #ea-eh4 #bb ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #eh-fj4 #bc ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #fa-fc4 ,b besides ! div9e or h]oic figures ( m or less an?ropomorphic type1 :i* ! ,h]vey ,isl&]s recognis$ 9 common ) ! re/ ( ! ,polynesians1 we may di/+ui% 9 _! my?ology traces ( t o!r & probably old] /age ( ?\ght 9 :i* ! objects ( religi\s rev]5ce are r animals ?an m5 or be+s modell$ 9 ! image ( man4 ,we h se5 t ?is e>ly /age ( religion 0 well pres]v$ 9 ,samoa d[n to ! "t :5 ! isl&s fell "u ! obs]vation ( ,europeans1 & t x 0 probably a relic ( totemism1#bd :i* at an e>li] p]iod may p]haps h prevail$ g5]ally among ! ance/ors ( ! ,polynesians4 ,9 ! ,h]vey ,isl&s !re 0 a god call$ ,tonga-iti1 :o appe>$ visibly 9 ! =m ( black & :ite spott$ liz>ds4#be ,ano!r deity nam$ ,tiaio took possession ( ! body ( ! l>ge :ite %>k1 ! t]ror ( ^! isl&]s1 & he _h a small sacr$ grove 7m>ae7 set ap>t = 8 wor%ip4 ,x is said t ?is %>k-god 0 a =m] k+ ( ,mangaia1 :o 9 ! pride ( 8 he>t _h defil$ ! sacr$ di/rict ( ,keia1 ! fav\rite haunt ( ! gods1 by we>+ "s beautiful sc>let hibiscus fl[]s 9 8 e>s4 ,n[ any?+ r$ 0 =bidd5 9 t "p ( ! isl& z be+ (f5sive to ! gods2 & ev5 ! beat+ ( b>k-clo? 0 prohibit$ !re1 le/ ! repose ( ! gods %\ld be di/urb$ by ! noise4 ,h5ce an angry prie/ knock$ ! pr\d & impi\s k+ on ! head1 & ! blood ( ! sla9 mon>* fl[$ into a neighb\r+ /ream1 :]e x 0 drunk by a great fre%-wat] eel4 ,s ! _s ( ! dead k+ ent]$ into ! eel1 b subsequ5tly1 pursu+ its way to ! sea1 ! _s =sook ! eel & took possession ( ! %>k4#bf ,nev]!less he cont9u$ occasionally to appe> to 8 wor%ipp]s 9 ! =m ( an eel2 = we are told t 9 ! old hea!n days1 if a huge eel 7 caught 9 a net1 x w\ld h be5 reg>d$ z ! god ,tiaio himself come on a visit1 & t x w\ld accord+ly h be5 all[$ to return to ! wat] unmole/$4#bg ,x is q possible t ?is d]ivation ( ! eel-god or %>k-god f a =m] k+ ( ,mangaia may be hi/orically correct2 = we are told t _m ( ! deities wor%ipp$ 9 ! ,h]vey ,gr\p & o!r isl&s ( ! ea/]n ,pacific 7 canonis$ prie/s1 k+s1 & w>riors1 ^: spirits 7 suppos$ to ent] into v>i\s birds1 fi%1 reptiles1 insects1 etc41 etc4 ,/rangely en\gh1 !y 7 reg>d$ z be+1 9 no respect1 inf]ior to ! orig9al deities4#bh ,among ! creatures 9 :i* gods1 & especially ! spirits ( deifi$ m51 7 believ$ p]man5tly to reside or to be inc>nate 7 reckon$ %>ks1 sword-fi%1 eels1 ! octopus1 yell[ & black spott$ liz>ds1 z well z sev]al k9ds ( birds & insects4#bi ,9 ,r>otonga ! cuttle-fi% 0 ! special deity ( ! reign+ family d[n to ! subv]sion ( paganism4#cj ,9 ,mangaia ! tribe ( ,teipe1 ^: memb]s 7 liable to s]ve z victims 9 human sacrifices1 wor%ipp$ ! c5tip$e3 !re 0 a %r9e ( ! c5tip$e god at ,vaiau on ! ea/]n side ( ,mangaia4#ca ,aga91 two gods1 ,tekuraaki & ,utakea1 7 suppos$ to be inc>nate 9 ! woodpeck]4#cb ,a compreh5sive designation = div9ities ( all k9ds 0 ! heav5ly family 7te anau tu>angi72 & ?is cele/ial race includ$ rats1 liz>ds1 beetles1 eels1 %>ks1 & sev]al k9ds ( birds4 ,x 0 suppos$ t ! heav5ly family _h tak5 up _! abode 9 ^! creatures4#cc ,nay1 ev5 inanimate objects1 su* z ! triton-%ell1 s&/one1 bits ( basalt1 c9net1 & trees 7 believ$ to be ?us t5ant$ by gods4#cd ,! god ,tane-kio1 = example1 0 ?\ght to be en%r9$ 9 ! planets ,v5us & ,jupit]1 & also1 curi\sly en\gh1 9 c9net "w4#ce ,aga91 ea* tribe _h its own sacr$ bird1 :i* 0 suppos$ to be s5t by a god to w>n ! p ( imp5d+ dang]4#cf ,9 ^! sup]/itions x is possible t we h relics ( totemism4 #bd ,see above1 pp4 #ahb sqq41 #bjj sqq4 #be ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #aj sq4 #ai4 ,ano!r god call$ ,turanga1 :o 0 wor%ipp$ at ,aumoana1 0 also suppos$ to be inc>nate 9 :ite & black spott$ liz>ds4 ,see id41 ,life 9 ! ,s\!rn ,isles1 p4 #if4 #bf ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #bi sq4 #bg ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #gi sq4 #bh ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 p4 #cdi4 #bi ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 p4 #cdg4 ,yet 9 ! same passage ! writ] affirms t !re is no trace 9 ! ,ea/]n ,pacific ( ! doctr9e ( transmigration ( human s\ls1 al?\gh ! spirits ( ! dead are fabl$ to h assum$1 tempor>ily1 & = a specific purpose1 ! =m ( an insect1 bird1 fi%1 or cl\d4 #cj ,id41 ,life 9 ! ,s\!rn ,isles1 p4 #bhi4 #ca ,id41 ,life 9 ! ,s\!rn ,isles1 pp4 #if1 #cjh1 #cji4 #cb ,id41 ,life 9 ! ,s\!rn ,isles1 p4 #if4 #cc ,id41 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #cd sq4 #cd ,id41 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #cb4 #ce ,id41 ,life 9 ! ,s\!rn ,isles1 p4 #if4 #cf ,id41 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #ce2 id41 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 p4 #cdi4 ,orig9ally1 x is said1 ! gods spoke to m5 ?r\gh ! small l& birds1 b ! utt]ances ( ^! creatures prov$ too indi/9ct to guide ! actions ( mank9d4 ,h5ce to meet ?is em]g5cy an ord] ( prie/s 0 set ap>t1 ! gods actually tak+ up _! abode1 = ! "t be+1 9 _! sacr$ p]sons4 ,h5ce prie/s 7 significantly nam$ god-boxes 7pia-atua7 a title :i* 0 g5]ally abbreviat$ to gods1 because !y 7 believ$ to be liv+ embodim5ts ( ! div9ities4 ,:5 a prie/ 0 consult$1 he drank a b[l ( kava 7,pip] me?y/icum71 & fall+ into convulsions gave ! oracul> response 9 language intelligible only to ! initiat$4 ,! oracle s deliv]$1 f :i* !re 0 no appeal1 0 ?\ght to h be5 inspir$ by ! god1 :o _h ent]$ into ! prie/ = ! purpose4#cg #cg ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #ce2 id41 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 p4 #cdi4 ,sec4 #e4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ! ,human ,s\l ,l o!r ,polynesians1 ! ,h]vey ,isl&]s believ$ t human be+s are animat$ by a vital pr9ciple or s\l1 :i* survives ! dea? ( ! body = a long] or %ort] "t4 ,inde$1 !y held t nobody dies a /rictly natural dea? except z an effect ( extreme old age4 ,n9ete5 out ( tw5ty dea?s 7 believ$ to be caus$ ei!r by ! ang] ( ! gods or by ! incantations ( ! pray+ p or sorc]]s4#ch ,h5ce1 :5 a p]son fell ill1 x 0 cu/om>y to consult a prie/ 9 ord] to discov] ! nature ( ! s9 :i* _h drawn d[n on ! suff]] ! wra? ( ! deity or ! enmity ( ! sorc]]4#ci ,b besides its f9al dep>ture at dea?1 ! s\l 0 ?\ght to quit ! body tempor>ily on o!r occasions4 ,9 sleep x 0 suppos$ to leave ! sleep] & travel ov] ! isl&1 hold+ conv]se ) ! dead1 & ev5 visit+ ! _s-_w4 ,x 0 ?us t ! isl&]s1 l s _m o!r savages1 expla9$ ! ph5om5a ( dreams4 ,we are told t "s ( ! mo/ important ev5ts 9 _! national hi/ory 7 det]m9$ by dreams4#dj ,aga91 !y expla9$ sneez+ z ! return ( ! s\l to ! body aft] a tempor>y abs5ce4 ,h5ce 9 ,r>otonga1 :5 a p]son sneezes1 ! by/&]s exclaim1 z ?\gh address+ 8 _s1 ,ha6 y h come back6#da #ch ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 p4 #cdb4 ,comp>e id41 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #ce4 #ci ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #ce2 id41 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 p4 #cci2 id41 ,life 9 ! ,s\!rn ,isles1 p4 #gj4 #dj ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 p4 #cdg4 #da ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #agg4 ,h[ exactly ! ,h]vey ,isl&]s pictur$ to !mselves ! nature ( ! human s\l1 appe>s n to be record$4 ,probably _! notions on ?is obscure subject did n diff] greatly f ^? ( ! natives ( ,pukapuka or ,dang] ,isl&1 a lonely isl& situat$ "s hundr$s ( miles to ! nor?-we/ ( ! ,h]vey ,gr\p4 ,^! savages app>5tly conceiv$ ! s\l z a small mat]ial sub/ance t v>i$ 9 size ) ! dim5sions ( ! body :i* x inhabit$4 ,= ! sacr$ m5 or sorc]]s ( t isl& us$ to set traps to cat* ! s\ls ( p1 & ! traps consi/$ ( loops ( coco-nut fibre1 :i* diff]$ 9 size accord+ z ! s\l to be caught 9 "o ( !m 0 fat or ?91 or p]haps accord+ z x 0 ! s\l ( a *ild or t ( an adult4 ,two ( ^! s\l-traps 7 pres5t$ to ,mr4 ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ! fir/ :ite mission>y to l& 9 ,dang] ,isl&4 ,! loops or r+s 7 arrang$ 9 pairs on ea* side ( two cords1 "o ( :i* 0 tw5ty-eight feet long & ! o!r f\rte54 ,! mode ( sett+ ! traps 0 ?is4 ,if a p]son 0 v sick or _h giv5 (f5ce to a sorc]]1 ! (f5d$ wiz>d or prie/ w\ld hang a s\l-trap by night f a bran* ( a tree ov]hang+ ! h\se ( ! suff]] or ( ! p]son aga9/ :om he bore a grudge2 !n sitt+ d[n beside ! sn>e he w\ld pret5d to wat* = ! flight ( ! victim's _s4 ,if ! family enquir$ ! s9 = :i* ! s\l-trap _h be5 set1 ! holy man w\ld probably allege "s c]emonial fault committ$ by ! sick man aga9/ ! gods4 ,if an insect or small bird *anc$ to fly ?r\gh "o ( ! loops1 ! prie/ w\ld allege t ! man's s\l 0 caught 9 ! me%1 & t !re 0 no hope = x b t ! wret* mu/ die4 ,9 t case ! demon ,va]ua1 :o presid$ ov] ! _s-_w1 0 believ$ to hurry (f ! poor s\l to ! ne!r _w1 !re to fea/ ^u x4 ,! news t ,s-&-s _h lo/ 8 s\l w\ld !n spread ?r\gh ! isl&1 & great w\ld be ! lam5tation4 ,! fri5ds ( ! unhappy man w\ld seek to propitiate ! sorc]] by l>ge pres5ts ( food1 begg+ him to int]c$e ) ! dread ,va]ua = ! re/oration ( ! lo/ s\l4 ,sometimes ! int]cessions 7 successful1 & ! pati5t recov]$2 b at o!r times ! prie/ report$ t 8 pray]s 7 ( no avail1 & t ,va]ua c\ld n be induc$ to s5d back ! s\l to re-inhabit ! body4 ,! melan*oly tid+s act$ l a s5t5ce ( dea?4 ,! pati5t gave up all hope & soon p9$ away ?r\gh %e] di/ress at ! ?\ght ( 8 s\l caught 9 ! trap4#db #db ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,life 9 ! ,s\!rn ,isles1 pp4 #ahj-ahc2 id41 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #aga4 ,sec4 #f4 ,dea? & ,fun]al ,rites ,! mom5t a sick p]son expir$1 8 ne> relatives cut (f _! hair1 black5$ _! faces1 & sla%$ _! bodies ) %>k's tee?1 s t ! blood might /ream d[n2 9 ,r>otonga x 0 cu/om>y also to knock out "s ( ! front tee? 9 tok5 ( sorr[4 ,dur+ ! days ( m\rn+ p wore only native clo?1 dy$ r$ 9 ! sap ( ! c&le-nut tree & !n dipp$ 9 ! black mud ( a t>o-pat*4 ,! v f\l smell ( ^! g>m5ts is said to h be5 symbolical ( ! putresc5t /ate ( ! corpse2#dc p]haps at ! same "t1 ?\gh we are n told s1 x help$ to keep ! gho/ at arm's l5g?4 #dc ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #aha2 id41 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 p4 #cdd4 ,t ! m\rn]s 7 n anxi\s to deta9 ! dep>t$ _s appe>s f a cu/om obs]v$ by ! ,r>otongans & describ$ by ! discov]] ( ! isl&1 ,john ,williams4 ,he tells u t 9 ord] to secure ! admission ( a dep>t$ _s to future joys1 ! corpse 0 dress$ 9 ! be/ attire ! relatives c\ld provide1 ! head 0 wrea!d ) fl[]s1 & o!r decorations 7 add$4 ,a pig 0 !n bak$ :ole & plac$ on ! body ( ! deceas$1 surr\nd$ by a pile ( vegetable food4 ,aft] t1 suppos+ ! dep>t$ to h be5 a son1 ! fa!r w\ld ?us address ! corpse3 ,my son1 :5 y 7 alive ,i treat$ y ) k9dness1 & :5 y 7 tak5 ill ,i did my be/ to re/ore y to heal?2 & n[ y are dead1 !re is y\r momoe o1 or prop]ty ( admission4 ,g1 my son1 & ) t ga9 an entrance into ! palace ( ,tiki1#dd & d n come to ?is _w aga9 to di/urb & al>m u4 ,! :ole w\ld !n be buri$2 &1 if !y receiv$ no intimation to ! contr>y )9 a few days ( ! int]m5t1 ! relatives believ$ t ! pig & ! re/ ( ! victuals _h obta9$ = ! deceas$ an entrance to ! abode ( bliss4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a cricket 0 he>d to *irp 9 ! h\se1 x 0 deem$ an ill om51 & !y w\ld imm$iately break into l\d lam5ts1 say+1 = example1 ,oh1 our bro!r6 8 _s has n ent]$ ! p>adise2 he is suff]+ f hung]2 he is %iv]+ ) cold6 ,=?) ! grave w\ld be op5$ & ! (f]+ repeat$4 ,?is usually effect$ ! purpose4#de #dd ,! "n ( ! god ( ! ,r>otongan p>adise4 #de ,john ,williams1 ,n>rative ( ,mission>y ,ent]prises 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 pp4 #dgg sq4 ,9 ,r>otonga ! provisions :i* 7 buri$ ) ! dead p]son z an (f]+ to ,tiki sometimes consi/$ ( ! head & kidneys ( a hog1 a split coco-nut1 & a root ( kava2 9 ! isl& ( ,aitutaki x 0 usual to place at ! pit ( ! /oma* ( ! corpse ! k]nel ( a coco-nut1 & a piece ( sug>-cane2 9 ,mangaia ! extremity ( a coco-nut frond s]v$ ! same purpose ( propitiat+ ,tiki & ensur+ ! entrance ( ! gho/ into p>adise4#df #df ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #agj sq4 ,! bodies ( ! dead 7 ano9t$ ) sc5t$ oil1 c>efully wrapt up 9 a numb] ( clo?s1 & s committ$ to _! la/ re/+-place4 ,!y 7 nev] disemb[ell$ = ! purpose ( embalm+1 b "s 7 desiccat$ by be+ kept = ab\t a mon? & daily ano9t$ ) coco-nut oil4 ,a few 7 buri$ 9 ! e>? )9 ! prec9cts ( a sacr$ grove 7m>ae72 b by f> ! great] numb] 7 hidd5 9 caves :i* 7 reg>d$ z ! private prop]ty ( c]ta9 families4 ,! bodies ( w>riors 7 9 g5]al c>efully conceal$ by _! fri5ds1 le/ foes %\ld f9d & burn !m 9 rev5ge4 ,if a body 7 buri$ 9 ! e>?1 x 0 always laid face d[nw>ds1 ) *9 & knees meet+1 & ! limbs well secur$ ) coco-nut fibre4 ,a ?9 cov]+ ( e>? 0 spread ov] ! corpse1 & l>ge heavy /ones 7 pil$ on ! grave4 ,! int5tion1 we are in=m$1 0 to r5d] x impossible = ! dead to rise up & injure ! liv+4 ,! head ( ! corpse 0 always turn$ to ! ris+ sun4 ,x 0 cu/om>y to bury ) ! dead "s article ( value3 a woman w\ld h h] clo?-mallet laid by h] side1 :ile a man w\ld enjo9 8 fri5ds to bury ) him a fav\rite /one adze or a beautiful :ite %ell 7,ovula ovum1 ,l9n47 :i* he _h worn 9 ! dance4 ,su* articles 7 nev] aft]w>ds t\*$ by ! liv+4 ,_m p 7 buri$ 9 easily accessible caves1 t _! relatives might visit ! m\ld]+ rema9s f "t to "t4 ,on su* visits ! corpse might be aga9 expos$ to ! sun1 ano9t$ afre% ) oil1 & wrapt 9 new clo?4 ,b z ! sorr[ ( ! survivors abat$1 ^! visits became less & less frequ5t1 & f9ally ceas$4#dg #dg ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,life 9 ! ,s\!rn ,isles1 pp4 #gb-gf2 id41 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 p4 #cdc4 ,a dea? 9 a family 0 ! signal = a *ange ( names among ! ne> relatives ( ! deceas$4 ,! greate/ +5uity 0 ex]cis$ 9 devis+ new appellations4 ,sometimes ^! names 7 mo/ (f5sive to good ta/e4 ,?is cu/om ( *ang+ names aft] ! dea? ( a relative has surviv$ ! conv]sion ( ! natives to ,*ri/ianity2#dh probably x orig9at$ 9 a desire to avoid ! unwelcome att5tions ( ! gho/1 :o might be ?\ght to be attract$ by ! s\nd ( ! famili> names4#di #dh ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,life 9 ! ,s\!rn ,isles1 pp4 #gh sq42 id41 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 p4 #cdd4 #di ,see ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 ,"p ,,ii41 ,taboo & ! ,p]ils ( ! ,s\l1 pp4 #cef sqq4 ,z soon z ! corpse 0 committ$ to its la/ re/+-place1 ! m\rn]s select$ five old coco-nuts1 op5$ !m "o aft] ! o!r1 & p\r$ ! wat] on ! gr\nd4 ,^! nuts 7 !n wrapt up 9 leaves & native clo? & ?r[n t[>ds ! grave2 or1 if ! corpse _h be5 let d[n by cords into ! deep *asm call$ ,auraka1 ! nuts & o!r food w\ld be ca/ d[n successively ^u x4 ,call+ l\dly ea* "t ! "n ( ! dep>t$1 !y said1 ,"h is ?y food2 eat x4 ,:5 ! fif? nut & ! accompany+ pudd+ 7 ?r[n d[n1 ! m\rn]s cri$1 ,f>ewell6 we come back no m to !e4#ej #ej ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #ahg2 id41 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 p4 #cdd4 ,imm$iately aft] a decease a rem>kable cu/om 0 obs]v$ 9 ,mangaia4 ,a mess5g] 0 despat*$ to be> ! tid+s r\nd ! isl&4 ,on rea*+ ! b\nd>y ( ea* di/rict1 he paus$ to give ! w>-%\t peculi> to ! p ( ! di/rict1 add+1 ,s-&-s is dead4 ,!reupon ne> relatives w\ld />t (f at once = ! h\se ( ! deceas$1 ea* c>ry+ a pres5t ( native clo?4 ,mo/ ( ! a?letic "y m5 ( ! entire isl& on ! day foll[+ unit$ 9 a s]ies ( %am-fights call$ ta i te mauri or slay+ ! gho/s4 ,! di/rict :]e ! corpse lay repres5t$ ! mauri or gho/s4 ,! "y m5 belong+ to x e>ly 9 ! morn+ array$ !mselves z if = battle1 &1 well arm$1 />t$ (f = ! adjo9+ di/rict1 :]e ! "y m5 7 drawn up 9 battle array "u ! "n ( aka-oa or fri5ds4 ,hav+ p]=m$ ! w>-dance1 ! two p>ties ru%$ toge!r1 cla%+ _! spe>s & wood5 swords1 z ?\gh fight+ 9 good e>ne/4 ,! suff]]s 9 ?is bloodless conflict 7 suppos$ to be malignant spirits1 :o w\ld ?us be det]r$ f do+ fur!r mis*ief to mortals4 ,aft] ! mock battle ! combatants unit$1 &1 be+ collectively call$ mauri or gho/s1 pass$ on to ! ?ird di/rict4 ,?r\gh\t ! day _! lead] c>ri$ ! sacr$ iku kikau1 or coco-nut leaf1 at ! pit ( 8 /oma*1 l a dead man4 ,arriv$ at ! ?ird village1 !y f\nd ! y\ng] m5 ready = ! fri5dly conflict & be>+ ! "n ( aka-oa or fri5ds4 ,! battle ( ! gho/s 0 f\ght ov] aga91 & !n ) swell+ numb]s !y pass$ on to ! f\r?1 fif?1 & six? di/ricts1 9 e "o ( !m fight+ & ?ra%+ ! gho/s afre%4 ,repair+ at la/ ) unit$ =ces to ! place :]e ! corpse 0 laid out 9 /ate1 ! brave gho/-kill]s 7 !re ent]ta9$ at a fea/1 aft] :i* all1 except ! ne> relatives1 return$ to _! v>i\s homes at nightfall4 ,s simil> to actual w>f>e 0 ?is cu/om ( fight+ ! gho/s t x w5t by ! "n ( a y\ng] bro!r ( w>4#ea ,app>5tly e dea? 0 attribut$ to ! action ( gho/s :o _h c>ri$ (f ! s\l ( ! dep>t$ bro!r or si/]2 & 9 ord] to prev5t a repetition ( ! cata/rophe x 0 deem$ necess>y to repel or ev5 to slay ! gho/ly assailants by =ce ( arms4 #ea ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #bfh sq4 ,! m\rn+ c]emonies la/$ f t5 to fifte5 days accord+ to ! rank & age ( ! deceas$4 ,dur+ ! :ole p]iod no beat+ ( b>k = ! manufacture ( ! native clo? 0 p]mitt$ 9 ! di/rict :]e ! dea? _h occurr$4 ,a woman :o wi%$ to beat out h] b>k-clo? mu/ g to ano!r "p ( ! isl&4 ,?is rule is said to h be5 dictat$ by a fe> ( (f5d+ ! female demon ,mueu1 :o introduc$ ! beat+ ( b>k-clo? into ! _w1 b :o h]self beats out clo? ( a v diff]5t texture2 = h] clo?-flail is ! /roke ( dea?4#eb #eb ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #ahb4 ,"s mon?s aft] ! decease ( a p]son ( note fun]al games call$ eva 7 p]=m$ 9 hon\r ( ! dep>t$4 ,^! c]emonies inv>iably took place by day4 ,!y 7 ( f\r sorts4 ,fir/1 !re 0 ! eva tap>a1 or fun]al dirge4 ,9 ?is ! m\rn]s appe>$ ) black5$ faces1 %av$ heads1 /ream+ blood1 & /9k+ g>m5ts4 ,?is1 we are told1 0 a mo/ repulsive exhibition4#ec #ec ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #bga4 ,second1 !re 0 ! eva puruki or w> dirge4 ,9 ?is ! p array$ !mselves 9 two columns fac+ ea* o!r1 bo? sides arm$ ) spe>s made ( a brittle k9d ( wood in/ead ( ! fatal iron-wood 7,casu>9a equasitifolia71 out ( :i* ! spe>s us$ 9 real w>f>e 7 made4 ,! p]=mance began ) an animat$ conv]sation betwe5 ! lead]s ( ! two squadrons ( suppos$ enemies z to ! gr\nds = w>4 ,:5 ?is 0 conclud$1 ! p]son mo/ ne>ly relat$ to ! deceas$ began ! hi/ory ( ! h]oic de$s ( ! clan by sl[ly *ant+ ! introductory words4 ,at ! appo9t$ pause bo? companies took up ! /ra9 & *ant$ x vigor\sly toge!r1 ! mighty *orus be+ accompani$ by ! cla% ( spe>s & all ! evolutions ( w>4 ,!n foll[$ a mom5t>y pause1 aft] :i* a new /ory w\ld be introduc$ by ! musical voice ( ! *ief m\rn]1 to be caught up & recit$ 9 full *orus by bo? companies z be=e4 ,^! w>-dirges 7 mo/ c>efully elaborat$1 & !y embodi$ ! only hi/ories ( ! pa/ kn[n to ^! isl&]s4#ed #ed ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #bgb4 ,?ird1 !re 0 ! eva toki or axe dirge4 ,9 ?is c]emony ! p]=m]s1 arm$ ) mimic axes ( iron-wood in/ead ( /one1 us$ to cleave ! cruel e>? :i* _h swall[$ up ! dead2 & z !y smote ! gr\nd1 ) te>s /ream+ d[n _! *eeks1 !y express$ a va9 wi% t s !y might op5 up a passage ?r\gh :i* ! _s ( ! dep>t$ might return4 ,?is axe-dirge 0 appropriate to artisans only1 :o enjoy$ great consid]ation because _! skill 0 believ$ to be a gift ( ! gods4#ee #ee ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #bgb sq4 ,f\r?1 !re 0 ! eva ta or cra%+ dirge4 ,9 ?is c]emony two suppos$ armies 7 array$ aga9/ ea* o!r z 9 ! w> dirge1 b diff]$ f x bo? 9 ! /yle ( composition & 9 ! weapons employ$1 ! combatants be+ arm$ ) flat spe>s or wood5 swords4 ,9 ! dialogue or songs ! dea? ( _! fri5ds 0 expla9$ by ! ang] ( ! gods1 = :i* reasons 7 assign$4 ,^! p]=mances g5]ally conclud$ ) a sort ( com$y1 ! nature ( :i* has n be5 describ$4#ef #ef ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #bgc4 ,sometimes1 in/ead ( ^! fun]al games or c]emonies1 a gr& tribal ga!r+ 0 held = ! sake ( recit+ songs 9 hon\r ( ! illu/ri\s dead4 ,su* an assembly met 9 a l>ge h\se built = ! purpose & well light$ ) tor*es1 = ! doleful conc]t always took place at night4 ,z _m z sixty songs might be prep>$ = ! occasion & m\rnfully *ant$ to ! accompany+ drone ( ! great wood5 drum4 ,e adult male relative 0 b\nd to recite a song2 if he c\ld n compose "o himself1 he _h to pay a m gift$ p]son to furni% him ) ! appropriate words4 ,"s ( ! songs or ballads ( a t\*+ nature 7 mu* admir$ & long rememb]$4 ,sev]al mon?s 7 ne$$ = ! prep>ation ( su* a p]=mance or dea?-talk1 z x 0 call$4 ,n only _h ! songs to be compos$ & ! dresses made1 b a lib]al supply ( food _h to be provid$ = ! gue/s4#eg #eg ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #bfi-bga2 id41 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 p4 #cde4 ,9 g5]al all m\rn+ c]emonies 7 ov] )9 a ye> ( ! dea?4 ,b we he> ( a *ief ( ! isl& ( ,atiu :o m\rn$ = sev5 ye>s = an only *ild1 liv+ all t "t 9 a hut ne> ! grave1 & all[+ 8 hair & nails to gr[1 & 8 body to rema9 unwa%$4 ,he 0 ! wond] ( all ! isl&]s4#eh #eh ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 p4 #cde4 ,among ! cav]ns 9 :i*1 9 ! isl& ( ,mangaia1 ! dead us$ to be deposit$1 two are p>ticul>ly fam\s4 ,"o ( !m1 at ,tam>ua1 is ! *asm call$ ,raupa or leafy entrance on acc\nt ( ! d5se gr[? ( hibiscus :i* =m]ly surr\nd$ ?is suppos$ entrance to ! %ades4 ,x 0 ! anci5t burial-place ( ! ,tongan tribe1 ! desc5dants ( a b& ( ,tongans1 :o _h l&$ 9 ,mangaia & settl$ !re4 ,! *asm is a hundr$ & fifty feet deep & has two op5+s1 ! small] ( :i* 0 us$ only = *iefs & prie/s4 ,! o!r fam\s sepul*ral cav]n1 call$ ,auraka1 is situat$ on ! we/]n side ( ! isl&4 ,x 0 ! gr& depository ( ! dead ( ! rul+ families1 :o claim$ to be desc5d$ f ! great god ,rongo4 ,?is *asm is n ne>ly s deep z ,raupa1 b1 l x1 has two entrances2 ! "o sacr$ & ! o!r pr(ane2 ! =m] 0 res]v$ = ! bodies ( ! nobility1 ! latt] = ! bodies ( common]s4 ,besides ^! c]emonial entrances !re are _m natural op5+s into ! va/ subt]ranean cave1 = ! rock is ev]y:]e p]=at$4 ,x is possible by tor*light to explore ! gloomy recesses ( ! cav]n1 :i* 9 "s places contracts to ! n>r[e/ dim5sions1 :ile 9 o!rs x exp&s till ! ro( is almo/ lo/ to sight4 ,hundr$s ( well-pres]v$ mummies may be se5 ly+ 9 r[s1 "s on l$ges ( /alactite1 o!rs on wood5 plat=ms4 ,mr4 ,gill1 :o ?rice visit$ ! cave1 judg$ t "s ( ! bodies 7 ov] fifty ye>s old4 ,! :ole neighb\rhood ( ! great cav]n 0 deem$ sacr$ to w&]+ disembodi$ spirits1 :o 7 believ$ to come up at midnight & exhibit ! gha/ly w\nds by :i* !y _h met _! fate4#ei #ei ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,life 9 ! ,s\!rn ,isles1 pp4 #ga sq4 ,z to ! settlem5t ( a ,tongan colony 9 ,mangaia1 see id41 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #bhg sq4 ,9 native tradition ! coloni/s 7 spok5 ( z ,tongans sail+ ?r\gh ! skies 7,tongaiti-ak>eva-moana74 ,_! lead] 0 ! fir/ high-prie/ ( ! god ,turanga4 ,sec4 #g4 ,! ,fate ( ! ,human ,s\l aft] ,dea? ,! home ( ! dep>t$ spirits 0 believ$ to be a va/ subt]ranean region call$ ,avaiki4 ,! natives ( ,mangaia believ$ t ?is my/]i\s region 0 situat$ directly "u _! isl&4 ,z ! dead 7 usually ?r[n d[n ! deepe/ *asms1 x 0 n unnatural = _! fri5ds to imag9e ! e>? to be holl[1 & ! entrance to ?is va/ ne!r _w to be d[n "o ( ^! pits4 ,no "o c wond] at ?is :o kn[s t ! out] portion ( ,mangaia is a honeycomb1 ! rock be+ pi]c$ 9 e direction ) w9d+ caves & frightful *asms4 ,x is ass]t$ t ! ,mission premises at ,on]oa are built ov] "o ( ^! great cav]ns1 :i* ext5ds s f> t[>ds ! sea t ! beat+ ( ! surf c be di/9ctly he>d1 :il/ ! wat]1 purifi$ f its sal9e p>ticles1 cont9ually drips f ! /ony ro(4 ,! inl& op5+ into ! inf]nal regions 0 believ$ to be ! great cav]n ( ,auraka1 9 :i*1 z we h j se51 s _m ( ! dead 7 deposit$4#fj #fj ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #aeb-aed4 ,h[ev]1 ,avaiki 0 n ! home ( ! gho/s alone2 x 0 t5ant$ also by ! gods1 bo? ! great] & ! less]1 ) _! dep5dants4 ,!re !y m>ri$1 & multipli$1 & qu>rell$1 j l mortals4 ,!re !y plant$1 cook$1 fi%$1 & inhabit$ dwell+s ( exactly ! same sort z exi/ on e>?4 ,_! food 0 no bett] ?an t ( mortals4 ,!re might be se5 birds1 fi%1 & rats1 likewise ! mantis1 c5tip$es1 & beetles4 ,!re ! coco-nut palm1 ! p&anus1 & ! myrtle fl\ri%$1 & yams grew 9 abundance4 ,! gods committ$ murd] & adult]y2 !y got drunk2 !y li$2 !y /ole4 ,! arts & crafts 7 also practis$ by ! deities1 :o inde$ taught !m to mank9d4 ,! visible _w1 9 %ort1 0 b a gross copy ( ! spiritual & invisible _w4 ,if fire burns1 x is because lat5t flame 0 hidd5 9 wood by ! god ,mauike 9 ,hades4 ,if ! axe cleaves1 x is because ! fairy ( ! axe is pres5t unse5 9 ! blade4 ,if ! ironwood club kills its man1 x is because a fi]ce demon f ,tonga lives 9 ! weapon4#fa #fa ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #aed4 ,! old high-road to ! _s-l& us$ to />t f a place call$ ,aremauku1 on a cliff ov]hang+ ! we/]n ocean4 ,by ?is road a regul> communication 0 =m]ly kept up ) ! inf]nal regions4 ,x 0 by ?is r\te1 = example1 t ! h]o ,maui desc5d$ 9 anci5t days to ! home ( ! fire-god ,mauike & br\ght up fire = ! use ( m54 ,h[ev]1 ! d5iz5s ( _s-l& 9 "t grew v tr\blesome by con/antly com+ up & afflict+ mank9d ) disease & dea?2 !y also creat$ a de>? by /eal+ p's food1 & !y ev5 ravi%$ _! wives4 ,to put an end to ^! p]petual annoyances a brave & beautiful woman1 ,tiki by "n1 roll$ h]self alive d[n into ! gloomy *asm :i* l$ to ! inf]nal _w4 ,! yawn+ abyss clos$ on h]1 & !re has be5 no ?or\ghf>e ev] s9ce4 ,! spirits h n be5 able to come up f ,avaiki by t road1 & ! s\ls ( ! dead h be5 equally unable to g d[n by x2 !y are n[ oblig$ to desc5d by a diff]5t r\te4#fb #fb ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #aed sq4 ,aft] _! dep>ture f ! body ! spirits ( ! dead w&]$ disconsolately along ! sea%ore1 pick+ _! /eps pa9fully among ! %>p spikes ( ! coral & /umbl+ ov] ! b9dwe$ & ?ick v9es :i* caught _! feet4 ,! fragrant smell ( ! heliotrope1 :i* gr[s luxuriantly among ^! b>r5 & rugg$ rocks1 af=d$ !m a little relief1 & !y wore a r$ creep]1 l a turban1 r\nd _! heads2 ! re/ ( _! co/ume 0 a miscellane\s collection ( we$s :i* !y _h pick$ up 9 ! c\rse ( _! w&]+s4 ,twice a ye>1 at ! summ] & w9t] sol/ices1 !y mu/]$ to foll[ ! sett+ sun d[n into ! "u _w4 ,!y ga!r$ at ! two po9ts ( ! isl& :i* face t[>ds ! ris+ ( ! sun at ^! two seasons ( ! ye>4 ,at ! summ] sol/ice1 9 ,janu>y1 he seems to rise out ( ! sea opposite to ,ana-,kura1 t is1 ! ,r$ ,cave1 s call$ because x receives ! r$ rays ( ! morn+4 ,x 0 !re t by f> ! great] numb] ( ! gho/s ga!r$ = _! la/ sad j\rney ) ! sun3 !y all belong$ to ! s\!rn half ( ! isl&4 ,! o!r po9t ( gho/ly mu/] 0 call$ ,k>anga-iti or ! ,little ,welcome2 x fac$ t[>ds ! ris+ ( ! sun at ! w9t] sol/ice 9 ,june1 & x 0 !re t ! gho/s born 9 ! nor!rn half ( ! isl& assembl$4 ,?us _m mon?s might elapse betwe5 a dea? & ! f9al dep>ture ( ! s\l f ! l& ( ! liv+4 ,! we>y int]val 0 sp5t by ! spirits 9 danc+ & revisit+ _! old homes4 ,z a rule !y 7 well dispos$ to _! liv+ relatives1 b ! gho/ ( a "m w\ld (t5 gr[ v9dictive :5 %e saw h] pet *ild ill-treat$ by its /epmo!r4 ,sometimes1 we>y ( w&]+1 ! poor gho/s huddl$ toge!r 9 ! ,r$ ,cave1 wait+ = ! midsumm] sun & li/5+ to ! monoton\s moan ( ! great roll]s1 :i* break !re et]nally4#fc #fc ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #aee-aeg4 ,! exact mom5t ( dep>ture 0 fix$ by ! lead] ( ! b&4 ,z ! "t drew ne>1 mess5g]s 7 despat*$ to call 9 ! /ray gho/s :o might be l+]+ ne> _! anci5t haunts4 ,te>fully !y ga!r$ at ! ,r$ ,cave or on a grassy lawn above x1 out ( rea* ( ! foam & ! bill[s4 ,all kept _! eyes on ! spot ( ! horizon :]e ! sun 0 expect$ to appe>4 ,at ! fir/ /reak ( dawn ! :ole b& took _! dep>ture to meet ! ris+ orb ( day4 ,t done1 !y foll[$ 9 8 tra9 z ne>ly z might be1 flitt+ beh9d or b5ea? him across ! roll+ wat]s or ! rocks & /ones ( ! coa/1 till t[>ds ! close ( day !y all mu/]$ at ,vairo-rongo1 ! ,sacr$ ,/ream ( ,rongo1 fac+ t[>ds ! sett+ sun4 ,! spot is s nam$ f a little rivulet :i* !re ru%es out ( ! /ones at ! sacr$ grove 7m>ae7 ( ,rongo3 none b prie/s & k+s might ba! !re 9 days ( old4 ,at ! mom5t :5 ! sun sank b5ea? ! horizon1 ! entire b& ( gho/s foll[$ him along ! gold5 track ( light across ! %imm]+ sea & desc5d$ 9 8 tra9 to ! ne!r _w1 b n l him to reappe> on ! morr[4#fd #fd ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #aeg sq4 ,!re 7 ?ree su* po9ts ( dep>ture = ! _s-l& 9 ,mangaia1 all fac+ ! sett+ sun4 ,ea* ( !m 0 kn[n z a ,re+a va]ua or leap+-place ( s\ls4 ,"o ( !m 0 at ,on]oa1 :]e a rocky bluff /&s out by itself l a giant look+ t[>ds ! we/4 ,to x a b& ( s\ls f ! great cav]n ( ,auraka us$ to g 9 m\rnful procession1 & f x !y leap$ "o by "o to a second & mu* small] block ( /one re/+ on ! inn] edge ( ! reef2 !nce !y pass$ to ! out] br9k ( ! reef1 on :i* ! surf beats ceaselessly1 & f :i* at sunset !y flitt$ ov] ! ocean to s9k ) ! great lum9>y into ! l& ( ! dead4 ,su* appe>s to h be5 ! g5]al notion ( ! p conc]n+ ! dep>ture ( human s\ls at dea? 9 ,mangaia4 ,simil> ideas prevail$ 9 ! o!r isl&s ( ! gr\p1 9 all ( :i* ! leap+-place ( s\ls 0 regul>ly situat$ on ! we/]n coa/ ( ! isl&4#fe #fe ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #aei sq4 ,! tea*+ ( ! prie/s add$ _m p>ticul>s to ?is g5]al acc\nt ( ! j\rney ( ! s\l to ! ne!r _w4 ,accord+ to !m ! s\ls ( ! dy+1 be=e life 0 q ext9ct1 left _! bodies & travell$ t[>ds ! edge ( ! cliff at ,araia1 ne> ! sacr$ grove 7m>ae7 ( ,rongo1 :i* fac$ we/w>d4 ,b if on its way to ?is fatal b\rne ! s\l ( ! dy+ *anc$ to meet a fri5dly _s :o cri$ to x1 ,g back & live1 ! dep>t+ s\l w\ld joyfully return to its =sak5 body1 & ! sick man or woman w\ld revive4 ,?is 0 ! native explanation ( fa9t+4 ,b if no fri5dly _s int]v5$ to save ! pass+ s\l1 x pursu$ its way to ! edge ( ! cliff4 ,on its arrival a great wave ( ! sea wa%$ ! base ( ! crag1 & a gigantic bua tree 7,besl>ia laurifolia71 cov]$ ) fragrant blossoms1 sprang up f ,avaiki to receive ! gho/4 ,! tree _h z _m bran*es z !re 7 pr9cipal gods 9 ,mangaia1 & e gho/ _h to p]* on ! p>ticul> bran* allott$ to memb]s ( 8 or h] tribe2 ! wor%ipp]s ( ! great gods1 su* z ,motoro & ,tane1 _h sep>ate b\ghs provid$ = _! accommodation2 :ile ! wor%ipp]s ( ! less] deities huddl$ toge!r on a s+le big bran*4#ff #ff ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #afj sq42 id41 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 p4 #cdf4 ,no soon] _h ! gho/ p]*$ on ! place appo9t$ = him ?an d[n plump$ ! tree ) him into ! ne!r _w4 ,look+ d[n to see :]e he 0 go+1 :at 0 ! horror ( ! gho/ to p]ceive a great net spread by ,akaanga & 8 assi/ants to cat* him at ! foot ( ! tree6 ,into ?is fatal net ! doom$ _s inevitably fell to s9k 9 a lake ( fre% wat] & !re to wriggle l a fi% = a "t4 ,at la/ ! net 0 pull$ up ) ! gho/ 9 x1 :o1 half-dr[n$1 0 n[ u%]$ trembl+ into ! pres5ce ( ! grim hag ,miru1 g5]ally kn[n z ! ,ruddy1 because h] face reflect$ ! gl[+ heat ( ! ev]-burn+ ov5 9 :i* %e cook$ h] gho/ly victims4 ,at fir/1 h[ev]1 %e f$1 & p]haps fatt5$1 !m on a diet ( black beetles1 r$ e>?-worms1 crabs1 & small blackbirds4 ,?us refre%$1 !y _h next to dra9 b[ls ( /rong kava brew$ by ! fair h&s ( ! hag's f\r lovely daught]s4 ,r$uc$ to a /ate ( ins5sibility by ! intoxicat+ bev]age1 ! gho/s 7 !n borne (f )\t a /ruggle to ! ov5 & cook$4 ,on ! sub/ance ( ^! hapless victims ,miru & h] son & h] pe]less daught]s regul>ly subsi/$4 ,! leav+s ( ! meal 7 ?r[n to ! s]vants4 ,su* 0 ! fate ( all :o di$ :at we %\ld call a natural dea?1 & !re=e ( all c[>ds1 wom51 & *ildr54 ,!y 7 annihilat$4#fg #fg ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #afa sq42 id41 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 pp4 #cdf sq4 ,n s ) w>riors :o fell fight+ on ! field ( battle4 ,= a "t1 inde$1 _! s\ls w&]$ ab\t among ! rocks & trees :]e _! bodies 7 ?r[n1 ! gha/ly w\nds by :i* !y met _! fate be+ /ill visible4 ,! pla9tive *irp+ ( a c]ta9 cricket1 r>ely se5 b he>d cont9ually at night1 0 believ$ to be ! voice ( ! sla9 w>riors sorr[fully call+ to _! fri5ds4 ,at la/ ! fir/ :o fell w\ld ga!r 8 bro!r gho/s at a place a little beyond ,araia1 on ! edge ( ! cliff & fac+ ! sunset4 ,!re !y w\ld l+] = a "t4 ,b sudd5ly a m\nta9 sprang up at _! feet1 & !y asc5d$ x ov] ! spe>s & clubs :i* _h giv5 !m _! mortal w\nds4 ,arriv$ at ! summit !y leap$ up into ! blue expanse1 ?us becom+ ! peculi> cl\ds ( ! w9t] or dry season4 ,dur+ ! ra9y season !y c\ld m\nt up to ! w>riors' p>adise 9 ! sky4 ,9 ,june1 ! fir/ mon? ( w9t]1 ! atmosph]e 0 p]vad$ by ^! gho/s1 to :om ! *ill9ess ( dea? /ill clung4 ,= days toge!r _! ?rong+ %apes hid ! sun1 dimm+ ! sky & spread+ among m5 ! heav9ess & oppression ( spirits :i* are *>act]i/ic ( ! season4 ,b ) ! e>ly days ( ,augu/1 :5 ! coral-tree puts =? its blood-r$ blossoms & ! sky gr[s mottl$ ) light fleecy cl\ds1 ! gho/s ( ! brave prep>e to take flight = heav54 ,soon ! sky is cl\dless1 ! wea!r bright & w>m4 ,! gho/s h fl$ away1 & ! liv+ resume _! wont$ avocations 9 quiet & com=t4#fh #fh ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #afb sq4 ,9 _! cele/ial home ! spirits ( ! sla9 are immortal4 ,!re1 9 memory ( _! de$s on e>?1 !y dance _! old w> dances ov] aga91 deck$ ) gay fl[]s--! :ite g>d5ia1 ! yell[ bua1 ! gold5 fruit ( ! p&anus1 & ! d>k crimson1 bell-l blossom ( ! native laurel1 int]tw9$ ) myrtle2 & f _! blissful heights !y look d[n ) pity & disgu/ on ! wret*$ s\ls 9 ,avaiki entangl$ 9 ! fatal net & besme>$ ) fil?4 ,= ! spirits ( ! sla9 9 battle are /rong & vigor\s1 _! bodies nev] hav+ be5 wa/$ by disease2 :]eas ! spirits ( ^? :o die a natural dea? are excessively feeble & weak1 l _! bodies at ! mom5t ( dissolution4 ,! natural result ( su* beliefs 0 to bre$ an utt] contempt = a viol5t dea?1 nay ev5 a desire to seek x4 ,_m /ories are told ( ag$ w>riors1 sc>cely able to hold a spe>1 :o h insi/$ on be+ l$ to ! battlefield 9 ! hope ( f9d+ a soldi]'s dea? & ga9+ a soldi]'s p>adise4#fi #fi ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #afc sq4 ,beliefs ( ! same g5]al "* conc]n+ ! fate ( ! dead prevail$ 9 o!r isl&s ( ! ,h]vey ,gr\p4 ,?us 9 ,r>otonga ! great meet+-place ( ! gho/s 0 at ,tuoro1 fac+ ! sunset4 ,!re at a /ately tree1 call$ ! ,weep+ ,laurel1 ! disembodi$ spirits us$ to bewail _! h>d fate4 ,if no pity+ _s s5t him back to life1 ! gho/ _h to scramble up a bran* ( an anci5t bua tree :i* grew on ! spot4 ,%\ld ! b\gh break "u 8 weight1 ! gho/ 0 precipitat$ into ! net :i* ,muru _h spread out = him 9 a natural circul> holl[ ( ! rock4 ,a lively gho/ might break ! me%es ( ! net & escape = a :ile1 b pass+ on to ! out] edge ( ! reef1 9 ! hope ( trav]s+ ! ocean1 he inevitably fell into ano!r net artfully conceal$ by ,akaanga4 ,f ?is second net escape 0 impossible4 ,! demons drew ! captive gho/s out ( ! nets1 & ru?lessly da%+ out _! bra9s on ! %>p coral !y c>ri$ (f ! %att]$ victims 9 triumph to dev\r !m 9 ! l[] _w4 ,gho/s f ,ngatangiia asc5d$ ! noble m\nta9 range :i* /ret*es across ! isl&1 dipp+ into ! sea at ,tuoro4 ,inexpressibly we>y & sad 0 ?is j\rney ov] a road :i* foot ( liv+ wight _h nev] trod4 ,! dep>t$ spirits ( ?is tribe met at a great iron-wood tree1 ( :i* "s bran*es 7 gre5 & o!rs dead4 ,! s\ls t trod on ! gre5 bran*es came back to life2 b ! s\ls t crawl$ on to ! dead b\ghs 7 at once caught 9 ! net ei!r ( ,muru or ( ,akaanga4#gj #gj ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 pp4 #afi sq42 id41 ,mangaia 7,h]vey ,isl&s71 op4 cit4 p4 #cdf4 ,9 ,r>otonga1 z 9 ,mangaia1 ! lot ( w>riors :o di$ 9 battle 0 mu* happi] ?an t ( ! poor wret*es :o _h ! mis=tune to die quietly 9 b$ or to be o!rwise ignom9i\sly snuff$ out4 ,! gallant gho/s 7 said to jo9 ,tiki1 :o 9 ,r>otonga appe>s to h be5 a dead w>rior1 :]eas 9 ,mangaia1 z we saw1 ,tiki 0 a dead woman4 ,9 ! ,r>otongan ,hades1 :i* also w5t by ! "n ( ,avaiki1 ?is ,tiki sat at ! ?re%old ( a v long h\se built ) walls ( re$s1 & surr\nd$ by %rubs & fl[]s ( fadeless bloom & nev]-fail+ p]fume4 ,ea* gho/ on 8 arrival _h to make an (f]+ to ! w>d] ,tiki1 :o1 ?us propitiat$1 admitt$ him to ! h\se4 ,!re1 sitt+ at _! ease1 eat+1 dr9k+1 danc+1 or sleep+1 ! brave ( pa/ ages dwelt 9 un)]+ beauty & p]petual y\?2 !re !y welcom$ newcom]s1 & !re !y told ! /ory ( _! h]oic exploits on e>? & f\ght _! old battles ov] aga94 ,b gho/s :o _h no?+ to give to ,tiki 7 compell$ to /ay outside 9 ra9 & d>kness = ev]1 %iv]+ ) cold & hung]1 wat*+ ) envi\s eyes ! joy\s revels ( ! inmates1 & rack$ ) ! va9 desire ( be+ admitt$ to %>e !m4#ga #ga ,w4 ,w4 ,gill1 ,my?s & ,songs f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 p4 #agj2 ,john ,williams1 ,n>rative ( ,mission>y ,ent]prises 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 pp4 #dgf sq4 ,su* beliefs 9 ! survival ( ! s\l aft] dea? may h n]v$ ! w>rior ) fre% c\rage 9 battle2 b !y c h contribut$ b little to ! happ9ess & consolation ( ord9>y p1 :o c\ld app>5tly look =w>d to no?+ bett] 9 ! life h]eaft] ?an be+ cook$ & eat5 by a hide\s hag4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,belief ,,9 ,,immortality ,,among ,,! ,,society ,,isl&]s ,sec4 #a4 ,! ,society ,isl&s ,! ,society ,isl&s are a l>ge & scatt]$ ar*ipelago 9 ! ,s\? ,pacific1 situat$ )9 #af deg4 & #ah deg4 ( ,s\? latitude1 & betwe5 #adh deg4 & #aee deg4 ( ,we/ longitude4 ,!y lie "s ?ree hundr$ miles f ! ,h]vey or ,cook ,isl&s1 f :i* !y are sep>at$ by ! op5 sea4 ,! isl&s =m a *a9 ne>ly two hundr$ miles 9 l5g?1 ext5d+ f nor?-we/ to s\?-ea/1 & fall into two gr\ps1 an ea/]n & a we/]n1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( ! prevail+ w9d1 are kn[n respectively z ! ,w9dw>d & ,leew>d ,isl&s4 ,! ,w9dw>d or ea/]n gr\p includes ,eimeo or ,moo]ea 9 ! we/1 ,maitea 9 ! ea/1 & ,tahiti1 ! pr9cipal isl& ( ! :ole ar*ipelago1 9 ! c5tre4 ,9 ! ,leew>d or we/]n gr\p ! *ief isl&s are ,huah9e1 ,raiatea1 ,tahaa1 & ,borabora4 ,! isl&s appe> to h be5 fir/ discov]$ by ! ,spani% navigator ,f]n&ez de ,quiros 9 #afjf or #afjg1 b aft] him !y 7 lo/ sight ( till #agfg1 :5 !y 7 r$iscov]$ by ,wallis4 ,a few ye>s lat] !y 7 repeat$ly visit$ by ,capta9 ,cook1 :o gave ! fir/ full & accurate description ( ! isl&s & _! inhabitants4#a #a ,w4 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 i4 #f sq42 ,a4 v4 ,huegel1 ,tahiti1 ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica1 ,n9? ,edition1 xxiii4 #bb1 #bd2 ,c4 ,e4 ,me9icke1 ,die ,inseln des ,/ill5 ,oceans1 ii4 #aea sqq42 ,f4 ,h4 ,h4 ,guillem>d1 ,au/ralasia1 ii4 #eaj4 ,z to ,wallis's discov]y ( ! isl&s see ,j4 ,hawkeswor?1 ,voyages1 i4 7,london1 #aggc7 pp4 #dcc sqq42 ,r4 ,k]r1 ,g5]al ,hi/ory & ,collection ( ,voyages & ,travels1 xii4 7,ed9burgh1 #ahad7 pp4 #afd sqq4 ,! isl&s1 ) ! exception ( a few flat lagoon isl&s1 are ( volcanic =mation1 high & m\nta9\s1 consi/+ = ! mo/ "p ( a c5tral peak or peaks ( bold & /rik+ outl9e1 :i* desc5d 9 /eep ridges t[>ds ! sea1 sometimes rea*+ ! coa/1 b (t5] leav+ a broad /ret* ( flat & v f]tile l& betwe5 _! la/ slopes & ! bea*4 ,betwe5 ! ridges lie deep & beautiful valleys1 wat]$ by w9d+ /reams & teem+ ) luxuriant vegetation4 ,! rocks ( :i* ! isl&s consi/ are all igne\s1 *iefly tra*yte1 dol]ite1 basalt1 & lava4 ,!y are consid]$ by geologi/s to pres5t p]haps ! mo/ wond]ful & in/ructive example ( volcanic rocks to be se5 on ! globe4 ,yet1 ?\gh ! isl&s are judg$ to be ( comp>atively rec5t =mation1 !re are no traces ( volcanic action 9 !m at ! pres5t "t4 ,! crat]s h disappe>$3 hot spr+s d n exi/2 & e>?quakes are r>e4#b #b ,w4 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 i4 #aa sqq42 ,c4 ,e4 ,me9icke1 op4 cit4 ii4 #aeb sq42 ,a4 v4 ,huegel1 op4 cit4 p4 #bb2 ,f4 ,h4 ,h4 ,guillem>d1 op4 cit4 p4 #eac4 ,! ,society ,isl&s1 & ,tahiti 9 p>ticul>1 are fam\s = ! beauty ( _! natural sc5]y2 inde$1 by g5]al cons5t !y appe> to rank z ! faire/ isl&s 9 ! ,pacific4 ,travell]s vie ) ea* o!r 9 praise ( _! en*ant+ lovel9ess4 ,tahiti1 ! l>ge/ isl& ( ! gr\p1 may be tak5 z typical ( !m all4 ,x consi/s ( two almo/ circul> isl&s unit$ by a v l[ & n>r[ neck ( l&3 ! nor!rn & l>g] isl& is kn[n z ,tahiti ! ,great 7,tahiti nui71 ! s\!rn & small] isl& is kn[n z ,tahiti ! ,little 7,tahiti iti74 ,9 ! c5tre ( ea* isl& ! m\nta9s rise 9 craggy peaks1 sometimes 9 ! %ape ( pyramids or sug>-loaves1 _! rocky sides clo!d ) e v>iety ( v]dure1 & enliv5$ "h & !re by cat>acts fall+ f l(ty cliffs1 :ile ! %ore is wa%$ by ! :ite-cre/$ waves ( ! ,pacific break+ 9 foam on ! coral reefs or da%+ 9 spray on ! bea*4 ,! sc5e is especially /rik+ :5 beheld = ! fir/ "t f ! sea at sunrise on a f9e morn+4 ,!n ! happy comb9ation ( l& & wat]1 ( precipices & pla9s1 ( umbrage\s trees droop+ _! p5d5t b\ghs ov] ! sea1 & di/ant m\nta9s %[n 9 sublime outl9e & ri*e/ hues1 all bl5d$ 9 ! h>mony ( nature1 produces 9 ! behold] s5sations ( admiration & delight4 ,! inl& sc5]y is ( a diff]5t "*1 b n less impressive4 ,!re ! prospect is occasionally ext5sive1 b m frequ5tly circumscrib$4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a />tl+ boldness 9 ! t[]+ piles ( basalt1 (t5 heap$ 9 picturesque confusion ne> ! s\rce or m>g9 ( "s cry/al /ream t fl[s 9 sil5ce at _! base1 or pla%es purl+ ov] ! rocks t ob/ruct its b$2 & !re is ! wildness ( romance ab\t ! deep & lonely gl5s1 f :i* ! m\nta9s rise l ! /eep sides ( a natural amphi!atre till !y seem to support ! cl\ds t re/ ^u _! summits4 ,9 ! "* ( ! teem+ vegetation1 too1 f ! v]dant moss t drapes ! rocks to ! ri* foliage ( ! bread-fruit tree1 ! luxuriance ( ! p&anus1 & ! wav+ plumes ( ! coconut palm1 all nurtur$ by a prolific soil & matur$ by ! g5ial heat ( a tropical climate1 !re is en\gh to arre/ ! att5tion & to /rike ! imag9ation ( ! w&]]1 :o1 9 ! unbrok5 sil5ce t reigns 9 ^! pleas+ solitudes1 may easily fancy himself a/ray 9 fairyl& & tread+ en*ant$ gr\nd4#c #c ,w4 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 i4 #ad-ah4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #agb sqq42 ,g4 ,=/]1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w 7,london1 #aggg71 i4 #bec sq42 ,j4 ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 pp4 #cba sqq42 ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 ,j\rnal ( ,voyages & ,travels 7,london1 #ahca71 i4 #eh sq41 #ajh sqq41 #acf sqq41 #bjf sq41 #bcd sq41 #caf sq41 #eee sq41 ii4 #ea-ec1 #ei-fa2 ,f4 ,h4 ,h4 ,guillem>d1 op4 cit4 pp4 #eaa sqq4 ,c4 ,e4 ,me9icke1 op4 cit4 ii4 #aeb sq42 ,a4 ,baessl]1 ,neue ,su$see-,bild] 7,b]l91 #aijj71 pp4 #bi sqq4 ,sec4 #b4 ,! ,isl&]s & _! ,mode ( ,life ,! isl&]s are1 or 7 at ! date ( _! discov]y by ,europeans1 f9e specim5s ( ! ,polynesian race1 be+ tall1 well-proportion$1 & robu/4 ,capta9 ,cook describ$ !m z ( ! l>ge/ size ( ,europeans4 ,_! complexion v>ies f olive to bronze & r$di%-br[n1 frequ5tly pres5t+ a hue int]m$iate betwe5 ! yell[ ( ! ,malay & ! copp]-col\r ( ! ,am]ican ,indians4 ,! hair is %9+ black or d>k br[n1 usually /raight1 b (t5 s(t & curly2 nev] lank & wiry l t ( ! ,am]ican ,indians1 & only 9 r>e cases woolly or frizzly l t ( ! ,papuans4 ,! m5 h be>ds1 :i* !y us$ to we> 9 a v>iety ( fa%ions1 always1 h[ev]1 pluck+ out ! great] "p4 ,! %ape ( ! face is comely1 & ! facial angle is (t5 z p]p5dicul> z 9 ,europeans4 ,! *eek-bones are n high2 ! nose is ei!r /raight or aquil9e1 (t5 accompani$ by a fulness ab\t ! no/rils2 x is seldom flat1 ?\gh x 0 =m]ly ! practice ( mo!rs & nurses to press ! no/rils ( ! female *ildr51 a broad flat nose be+ by _m reg>d$ z a beauty4 ,! m\? 9 g5]al is well =m$1 ?\gh ! lips are sometimes l>ge & protub]ant1 yet nev] s mu* z to resemble ! lips ( negroes2 ! *9 is usually prom95t4 ,! g5]al aspect ( ! face v seldom pres5ts any lik5ess to ! ,t>t> or ,mongolian ca/ ( c\nt5ance2 :ile ! pr(ile frequ5tly be>s a mo/ /rik+ resemblance to t ( ,europeans4 ,a r\ndness & fulness ( figure1 n usually ext5d+ to corpul5cy1 is *>act]i/ic ( ! race1 especially ( ! wom54 ,9 g5]al physique !y resemble ! ,s&wi* ,isl&]s & ,tonga ,isl&]s2 accord+ to ,ellis1 !y are m robu/ ?an ! ,m>quesans1 b inf]ior 9 size & /r5g? to ! ,maoris4#d #d ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #age sq42 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #gi sqq42 ,c4 ,e4 ,me9icke1 op4 cit4 ii4 #aga2 ,f4 ,h4 ,h4 ,guillem>d1 op4 cit4 pp4 #eac sq4 ,_! diet is *iefly vegetable2 :5 ,capta9 ,cook visit$ ! isl&s1 ! only tame animals 7 hogs1 dogs1 & p\ltry4 ,bread-fruit1 t>o1 yams1 bananas1 & coconuts are _! /aple food2 ! bread-fruit 9 p>ticul> has be5 call$ _! /aff ( life4 ,t>o & yams are c>efully cultivat$ by ! natives1 & !y also gr[ ! sweet potato z an article ( food1 ?\gh to a less ext5t ?an ! o!r two roots2 9 quality ! sweet potato ( ,tahiti is f> inf]ior to t ( ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s4 ,! sea af=ds a great v>iety ( fi% & %ell-fi%1 :i* ! natives cat* & eat2 no?+ t ! sea produces is said to come amiss to !m4 ,hogs & dogs 7 9 old5 times ! only quadrup$s ^: fle% 0 eat5 by ! ,tahitians2 b = ! mo/ "p !y r>ely ta/$ meat1 subsi/+ almo/ exclusively on a diet ( fruit1 vegetables1 & fi%4#e #e ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #ahe sq4 vi4 #aci sqq42 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cf sqq41 #gj sqq42 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 ,voyages aux ,iles du ,gr& ,ocean 7,p>is1 #ahcg71 ii4 #ic sqq42 ,c4 ,e4 ,me9icke1 op4 cit4 ii4 #aga sq4 ,! common h\ses 7 ( an oblong %ape1 usually f eighte5 to tw5ty-f\r feet 9 l5g?1 by elev5 feet 9 wid?1 ! long sides be+ p>allel to ea* o!r1 b ! two ends commonly r\nd$1 especially 9 ! h\ses ( *iefs4 ,! ?at*$ ro(s 7 support$ on ?ree p>allel r[s ( wood5 po/s1 & !re be+ no out] walls & no p>titions1 ! w9d blew freely ?r\gh !m4 ,! floor 0 cov]$ ) mats1 =m+ a s+le cu%ion1 on :i* ! p sat by day & slept at night4 ,9 "s h\ses !re 0 a s+le /ool appropriat$ to ! use ( ! ma/] ( ! family2 o!rwise an ord9>y dwell+ conta9$ little or no furniture except a few small blocks ( wood1 holl[$ out on ! upp] surface s z to =m head-re/s or pill[s4 ,! h\ses s]v$ *iefly z dormitories & z %elt]s 9 ra93 ! p took _! meals 9 ! op5 air4 ,*iefs1 h[ev]1 (t5 own$ h\ses ( mu* l>g] dim5sions1 :i* 7 built & ma9ta9$ = !m at ! common exp5se ( ! di/rict4 ,"s ( ^! *iefly dwell+s 7 two hundr$ feet long1 ?irty feet broad1 & tw5ty feet high "u ! ridge2 "o ( !m1 belong+ to ! k+1 measur$ ?ree hundr$ & sev5ty feet 9 l5g?4 ,we read ( h\ses :i* c\ld conta9 two or ?ree ?\s& p2#f & ( "o p>ticul> h\se 9 ,tahiti we are in=m$ t x 0 no less ?an ?ree hundr$ & n9ety-sev5 feet long by =ty-eight feet broad1 & t ! ro( 0 support$ 9 ! middle by tw5ty wood5 pill>s1 ea* tw5ty-"o feet high1 :ile ! sides or eaves ( ! ro( re/$ on "o hundr$ & tw5ty-f\r pill>s1 ea* t5 feet high4 ,a wood5 wall or f5ce enclos$ ! :ole4 ,?is great h\se 0 us$ = ! celebration ( fea/s1 :i* sometimes la/$ = days toge!r1 & at :i* ne>ly all ! hogs 9 ! isl& 7 consum$4#g #f ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #aha sqq42 ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 pp4 #cda sq42 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #agj sqq42 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 ii4 #hd sqq4 ,z to ! wood5 head-re/s see ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #ahh sq4 #g ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bac sq4 ,l all ! ,polynesians d[n to ! date ( _! discov]y by ,europeans1 ! inhabitants ( ! ,society ,isl&s 7 totally ignorant ( ! use & ev5 ( ! exi/5ce ( ! metals1 & !y _h to employ sub/itutes1 *iefly /one & bone1 = ! manufacture ( _! tools & weapons4 ,( _! tools ,capta9 ,cook gives ! foll[+ acc\nt3 ,!y h an adze ( /one2 a *isel1 or g\ge1 ( bone1 g5]ally t ( a man's arm betwe5 ! wri/ & elb[2 a rasp ( coral2 & ! sk9 ( a /+-ray1 ) coral s&1 z a fil] or poli%]4 ,?is is a complete catalogue ( _! tools1 & ) ^! !y build h\ses1 con/ruct canoes1 hew /one1 & fell1 cleave1 c>ve1 & poli% timb]4 ,! /one :i* makes ! blade ( _! adzes is a k9d ( basaltes1 ( a blacki% or grey col\r1 n v h>d1 b ( consid]able t\ghness3 !y are ( diff]5t sizes2 "s1 t are int5d$ = fell+1 weigh f six to eight p\nds2 o!rs1 t are us$ = c>v+1 n m ?an s _m ounces2 b x is necess>y to %>p5 bo? almo/ e m9ute2 = :i* purpose1 a /one & a cocoa-nut %ell full ( wat] are always at h&4 ,_! greate/ exploit1 to :i* ^! tools are less equal ?an to any o!r1 is fell+ a tree2 ?is requires _m h&s1 & ! con/ant lab\r ( sev]al days4#h ,! e>lie/ mission>ies express$ _! a/oni%m5t t ) su* simple tools ! natives c\ld c>ve s neatly & f9i% s smoo?ly2 our mo/ +5i\s workm51 !y decl>$1 c\ld n excel !m4#i #h ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #bjd sq4 #i ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #djj4 ,! pr9cipal manufacture ( ! ,society ,isl&]s 0 ! mak+ ( ! clo? :i* !y us$ = _! g>m5ts4 ,! mat]ial = ! clo? 0 furni%$ by ! b>k ( sev]al trees1 includ+ ! pap]-mulb]ry1 ! bread-fruit tree1 & a species ( wild fig-tree4 ,hav+ be5 /ripp$ f ! tree & soak$ 9 wat]1 ! b>k 0 spread out on a beam & beat5 ) heavy wood5 mallets1 till x 0 r$uc$ to ! prop] degree ( ?9ness & flexibility4 ,! f9e/ & mo/ valuable k9d ( clo? 0 made *iefly1 & sometimes entirely1 f ! b>k ( ! pap]-mulb]ry & 0 blea*$ pure :ite4 ,b vegetable dyes 7 also commonly employ$ to /a9 ! clo? ) a v>iety ( hues arrang$ 9 patt]ns4 ,! fav\rite col\rs 7 a brilliant sc>let & a bright yell[2 ,capta9 ,cook describ$ ! sc>let z exce$+ly beautiful1 bright] & m delicate ?an any we h 9 ,europe2 x 0 produc$ by a mixture ( ! juices ( two vegetables1 ! fruit ( a species ( fig & ! leaves ( ! ,cordia seba/9a or et\ tree4 ,! patt]ns 7 9 ?is bright sc>let on a yell[ gr\nd2 =m]ly !y 7 altoge!r devoid ( uni=mity or regul>ity1 yet exhibit$ a consid]able degree ( ta/e4 ,! bales ( b>k-clo? 7 sometimes z mu* z two hundr$ y>ds long by f\r y>ds wide2 ! :ole bale 0 9 a s+le piece1 be+ compos$ ( n>r[ /rips jo9$ toge!r by be+ beat5 ) groov$ mallets4 ,a *ief's weal? 0 sometimes e/imat$ by ! numb] ( bales :i* he possess$2 ! m valuable sort1 cov]$ ) matt+ or clo? ( an inf]ior sort1 7 g5]ally hung f ! ro( ( 8 h\se4 ,! manufacture ( clo? 0 *iefly 9 ! h&s ( wom52 inde$ x 0 "o ( _! mo/ usual employm5ts4 ,ev5 wom5 ( high rank did n disda9 ?is =m ( indu/ry2 ! wives & daught]s ( *iefs took a pride 9 manufactur+ clo? ( a sup]ior quality1 excell+ t produc$ by common wom5 9 ! elegance ( ! patt]ns or ! brilliance ( ! dyes4 ,e family _h a little h\se :]e ! females lab\r$ at ! mak+ ( clo?2 b 9 addition e di/rict _h a sort ( public factory1 consi/+ ( a spaci\s h\se :]e imm5se quantities ( clo? 7 produc$ on ! occasion ( fe/ivals1 ! visits ( great *iefs1 or o!r solemnities4 ,9 su* a factory ! wom5 w\ld (t5 assemble to ! numb] ( two or ?ree hundr$1 & ! monoton\s d9 ( _! hamm]s fall+ on ! b>k 0 almo/ deaf5+2 x began e>ly 9 ! morn+1 only to cease at night4 ,yet he>d at a di/ance 9 "s lonely valley ! s\nd 0 n disagreeable1 tell+ z x did ( indu/ry & peace4#aj #aj ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #aif sqq42 ,g4 ,=/]1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w 7,london1 #aggg71 i4 #bgf sq42 ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 pp4 #chi-cib2 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #agi sqq42 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 ii4 #aab sqq4 ,among ! o!r articles manufactur$ by ! ,society ,isl&]s be=e ! adv5t ( ,europeans 7 f9e mats1 baskets ( _m diff]5t patt]ns1 ropes1 l9es1 & fi%+-tackle1 includ+ nets1 hooks1 & h>poons made ( cane & po9t$ ) h>d wood4 ,9 e exp$i5t = tak+ fi% !y are said to h be5 exce$+ly +5i\s4#aa ,!y made b[s & arr[s1 ) :i*1 z an amusem5t1 !y %ot aga9/ ea* o!r1 n at a m>k1 b to see :o c\ld %oot f>!/4 ,l ! re/ ( ! ,polynesians1 !y nev] us$ ^! weapons 9 w>4#ab #aa ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #bjb sq4 #ab ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #cfh2 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bag-bbj2 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 ii4 #adh-aej4 ,society among ^! isl&]s 0 divid$ into ?ree ranks2 fir/ ! royal family & nobility 7hui arii72 second1 ! l&$ proprietors1 or g5try & f>m]s 7bue raatira72 & ?ird1 ! common p 7manahune74 ,( ^!1 ! l&$ g5try & f>m]s 7 ! mo/ num]\s & influ5tial class1 con/itut+ at all times ! great body ( ! p & ! /r5g? ( ! nation1 z well z ( ! army4 ,! petty f>m]s own$ f tw5ty to a hundr$ acres4 ,"s ( ! great l&[n]s possess$ _m hundr$s ( acres1 & be+ surr\nd$ by reta9]s !y con/itut$ ! ari/ocracy ( ! c\ntry & impos$ a re/ra9t ^u ! k+1 :o1 )\t _! co-op]ation1 c\ld c>ry b few ( 8 measures4 ,!y also frequ5tly act$ z prie/s 9 _! family temples4 ,! common p compris$ slaves & s]vants4 ,! slaves 7 captives tak5 9 w>4 ,_! treatm5t 0 9 g5]al mild1 & if peace cont9u$1 !y (t5 rega9$ _! fre$om & 7 all[$ to return to _! own c\ntry4#ac #ac ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit44 iii4 #id-ih4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #bbe sq4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ! ,society ,isl&s1 l t ( ,hawaii1 0 at lea/ 9 =m an arbitr>y mon>*y4 ,! supreme au?ority 0 ve/$ 9 ! k+ & 0 h]$it>y 9 8 family4 ,x p>took ( a sacr$ "*1 = 9 ^! isl&s gov]nm5t 0 closely int]wov5 ) religion2 ! k+ sometimes p]sonat$ ! god & receiv$ ! homage & pray]s ( ! wor%ipp]s2 at o!r times he (ficiat$ z high-prie/ & transmitt$ ! v[s & petitions ( ! p to ! sup]ior deities4 ,! g5ealogy ( ! reign+ family 0 usually trac$ back to ! fir/ ages ( ! _w3 9 "s ( ! isl&s ! k+s 7 believ$ to be desc5d$ f ! gods3 _! p]sons 7 always sacr$1 & _! families con/itut$ ! highe/ rank recognis$ by ! p4#ad #ad ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iii4 #ic sq4 ,inde$1 ev]y?+ 9 ! lea/ degree connect$ ) ! k+ or que5--! clo? !y wore1 ! h\ses 9 :i* !y dwelt1 ! canoes 9 :i* !y voyag$1 ! m5 :o c>ri$ !m :5 !y j\rney$ by l&--became sacr$ & c\ld n be conv]t$ to common use4 ,! v s\nds 9 ! language :i* compos$ _! names c\ld no long] be appropriat$ to ord9>y significations4 ,if on ! accession ( a k+ any words 9 ! language 7 f\nd to resemble 8 "n1 !y 7 aboli%$ & *ang$ = o!rs2 & if any man 7 bold en\gh to cont9ue to use !m1 n only he b all 8 relations 7 imm$iately put to dea?2 & ! same sev]ity 0 ex]cis$ on any :o %\ld d>e to apply ! sacr$ "n to an animal4 ,?us 9 process ( "t ! orig9al names ( mo/ common objects 9 ! language und]w5t consid]able alt]ations4 ,no "o might t\* ! body ( ! k+ or que52 nay1 any p]son :o %\ld s mu* z /& ov] !m1 or pass 8 h& ov] _! heads1 0 liable to pay = ! sacrilege ) ! =feiture ( 8 life4 ,! v gr\nd on :i* ! k+ or que5 ev5 accid5tally trod became sacr$2 & any h\se belong+ to a private p]son :i* !y ent]$ mu/ = ev] be vacat$ by ! own] & ei!r set ap>t = ! use ( ! royal p]sonages or burnt d[n ) e "p ( its furniture4 ,h5ce x 0 a g5]al rule t ! k+ & que5 nev] ent]$ any dwell+s except su* z 7 specially d$icat$ to _! use1 & nev] trod on ! gr\nd 9 any "p ( ! isl& b _! own h]$it>y di/ricts4 ,9 j\rney+ !y 7 always c>ri$ on m5's %\ld]s4#ae #ae ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vi4 #aee sq42 ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #cbi2 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iii4 #aja sq4 ,! inauguration ( a k+ consi/$ 9 gird+ him ) a sacr$ girdle 7m>o ura7 ( r$1 or r$ & yell[1 fea!rs1 :i* n only rais$ him to ! highe/ e>?ly /ation1 b id5tifi$ him ) ! gods4 ,! r$ fea!rs 7 tak5 f ! images ( ! gods & int]wov5 ) fea!rs ( o!r col\rs4 ,a human victim 0 sacrific$ :5 !y began to make ! girdle1 & ano!r 0 sacrific$ :5 x 0 f9i%$2 sometimes o!rs 7 slaught]$ at int]m$iate /ages1 "o = ea* fre% piece add$ to ! girdle4 ,! blood ( ! victims 0 suppos$ to consecrate ! belt4#af #af ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iii4 #ajh sqq4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 pp4 #cbg sq42 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 ii4 #bb sq42 ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 ,j\rnal ( ,voyages & ,travels1 i4 #ebf sq41 ii4 #ef4 ,ano!r s+ul> c]emony obs]v$ at ! in/allation ( a k+ 0 ?is4 ,! k+ advanc$ into ! sea & ba!d !re4 ,?i!r he 0 foll[$ by ! prie/ ( ,oro be>+ a bran* pluck$ f a sacr$ tree t grew )9 ! prec9cts ( ! temple4 ,:ile ! k+ 0 ba?+1 ! prie/ /ruck him on ! back ) ! holy b\gh1 at ! same "t invok+ ! great god ,taaoroa4 ,?is c]emony 0 design$ to purify ! mon>* f any defilem5t or guilt he might previ\sly h contract$4 ,see ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iii4 #aaj4 ,! deification ( k+s 9 _! lifetime w\ld seem n to h be5 conf9$ to ,tahiti1 b to h prevail$ 9 ! o!r isl&s ( ! ,society ,ar*ipelago4 ,we he> p>ticul>ly ( ! div9ity ( ! k+s ( ,raiatea4 ,9 t isl& a place call$ ,opoa is said to h be5 ! metropolis ( idolatry = all ! ,s\? ,pacific ,isl&s )9 a compass ( five hundr$ miles4 ,hi!r1 f e %ore1 human victims1 already sla91 7 s5t to be (f]$ on ! alt> ( ! w>-god ,oro1 ^: pr9cipal image 0 !re wor%ipp$4 ,!re1 too1 0 ! resid5ce ( ! k+s ( ! isl&1 :o1 beside ! pr]ogatives ( royalty1 enjoy$ div9e hon\rs1 & 7 9 fact liv+ idols among ! dead ones1 be+ deifi$ at ! "t ( _! accession to political supremacy "h4 ,9 ! latt] "*1 we presume1 x 01 t ^! sov]eigns 7:o always took ! "n ( ,tamatoa7 7 wont to receive pres5ts f ! k+s & *iefs ( adjac5t & di/ant isl&s1 ^: gods 7 all consid]$ tribut>y to ! ,oro ( ,raiatea1 & _! pr9ces ow+ homage to its mon>*1 :o 0 ,oro's h]$it>y high-prie/1 z well z an indep5d5t div9ity himself4#ag ,( "o p>ticul> mon>* ( ?is l9e1 ,tamatoa by "n1 we read t he _h be5 enroll$ among ! gods1 & t z "o ( ! div9ities ( 8 subjects1 !re=e1 ! k+ 0 wor%ipp$1 consult$ z an oracle1 & _h sacrifices & pray]s (f]$ to him4#ah #ag ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 ,j\rnal ( ,voyages & ,travels1 i4 #ebi sq4 #ah ,ty]man & ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #ebd4 ,9 ! succession to ! ?rone ! law ( primog5iture prevail$1 & 9 accordance ) a s+ul> usage1 :i* 0 inv>iably obs]v$1 ! k+ regul>ly abdicat$ on ! bir? ( 8 fir/ son & became a subject ( 8 infant (fspr+4 ,! *ild 0 at once proclaim$ ! sov]eign ( ! p3 ! royal title 0 conf]r$ on him2 & 8 own fa!r 0 ! fir/ to d him homage by salut+ 8 feet & decl>+ him k+4 ,! public h]ald 0 despat*$ r\nd ! isl& ) ! flag ( ! infant mon>*3 9 e di/rict he unfurl$ ! bann] & proclaim$ ! accession ( ! y\?ful sov]eign4 ,! insignia ( royalty & ! homage ( ! p 7 at once transf]r$ f ! fa!r to ! *ild3 ! royal doma9s & o!r s\rces ( rev5ue 7 appropriat$ to ! ma9t5ance ( ! h\sehold ( ! infant rul]2 & ! fa!r paid him all ! m>ks ( rev]5ce & submission :i* he _h hi!rto exact$ f ! p4 ,h[ev]1 dur+ ! m9ority ( 8 son ! =m] k+ appe>s to h fill$ ! (fice ( reg5t4 ,?is rem>kable rule ( succession 0 n limit$ to ! royal h\se1 b prevail$ also 9 noble families3 no soon] did a b>on's wife give bir? to a *ild ?an ! b>on 0 r$uc$ to ! rank ( a private man1 ?\gh he cont9u$ to adm9i/] ! e/ate = ! b5efit ( ! infant1 to :om all ! outw>d m>ks ( hon\r 7 n[ transf]r$4#ai #ai ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #bbe sq42 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iii4 #ii sq4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ahj sq41 #cbg1 #ccj1 #ccc2 ,j4 ,turnbull1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w 7,london1 #ahac71 pp4 #acd1 #acg1 #ahh sq41 #cdd2 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 ii4 #ac sq4 ,sec4 #c4 ,! ,religion ( ! ,society ,isl&]s ,if religion consi/s ess5tially 9 a fe> ( gods1 ! natives ( ! ,society ,isl&s 7 a v religi\s p1 = !y believ$ 9 a multitude ( gods & /ood 9 con/ant dread ( !m4 ,:atev] att5tion1 says ,ellis1 ! ,tahitians paid to _! occupations or amusem5ts1 & :atev] en]gies h be5 devot$ to ! prosecution ( _! b>b>\s w>s1 ! claims ( all 7 reg>d$ z inf]ior to ^? ( _! religion4 ,on ?is e o!r 0 dep5d5t1 :ile ea* 0 alike made subs]vi5t to its support4#bj ,no p 9 ! _w1 9 anci5t or mod]n times1 appe> to h be5 m sup]/iti\s ?an ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&]s1 or to h be5 m entirely "u ! influ5ce ( dread f imag9>y demons1 or sup]natural be+s4 ,!y _h n only _! major1 b _! m9or demons1 or spirits1 & all ! m9ute ramifications ( idolatry4#ba ,religi\s rites 7 connect$ ) almo/ e act ( _! lives4 ,an ubu or pray] 0 (f]$ be=e !y ate _! food1 :5 !y till$ _! gr\nd1 plant$ _! g>d5s1 built _! h\ses1 laun*$ _! canoes1 ca/ _! nets1 & comm5c$ or conclud$ a j\rney4 ,! fir/ fi% tak5 p]iodically on _! %ores1 toge!r ) a numb] ( k9ds reg>d$ z sacr$1 7 convey$ to ! alt>4 ,! fir/-fruits ( _! or*>ds & g>d5s 7 also taumaha1 or (f]$1 ) a portion ( _! live-/ock1 :i* consi/$ ( pigs1 dogs1 & f[ls1 z x 0 suppos$ dea? w\ld be inflict$ on ! own] or ! occupant ( ! l&1 f :i* ! god %\ld n receive su* ackn[l$gm5t4#bb #bj ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cba2 comp>e ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dag4 #ba ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cfa4 #bb ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cej4 ,diff]5t gods 7 wor%ipp$ 9 diff]5t isl&s1 & ev5 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! same isl&1#bc & if a deity fail$ to answ] ! expectations ( 8 wor%ipp]s1 !y did n scruple to *ange him = ano!r4 ,9 ,capta9 ,cook's "t ! p ( ,ti>aboo 7,tairaboo71 ! s\!rn p59sula ( ,tahiti1 disc>d$ _! two old div9ities & adopt$ 9 _! place ,oraa1 ! god ( ! isl& ( ,bolabola 7,borabora71 app>5tly because ! p ( ,bolabola _h lately be5 victori\s 9 w>2 & z1 aft] ?is *ange ( deity1 !y !mselves prov$ v successful 9 _! op]ations aga9/ _! enemies1 !y imput$ ! success entirely to _! new god1 :o1 !y lit]ally said1 f\ght _! battles4#bd ,aga91 :5 ! pray]s & (f]+s = ! recov]y ( a sick *ief 7 unavail+1 ! god 0 reg>d$ z inexorable1 & 0 usually bani%$ f ! temple1 & 8 image de/roy$4#be #bc ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vi4 #adh1 #afj2 ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ,obs]vations made dur+ a ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w 7,london1 #aggh71 p4 #eci4 #bd ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vi4 #adh sq4 #be ,w4 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 i4 #cej4 ,! pan!on & my?ology ( ! ,society ,isl&s 7 ( ! usual ,polynesian type2 "s ( _! *ief gods 7 recognis$ & wor%ipp$ "u ! same names1 ) dialectical diff]5ces1 9 o!r isl&s ( ! ,pacific4 ,9 ! beg9n+ !y say t all ?+s 7 9 a /ate ( *aos or d>kness1 f :i* ! pr9cipal deities1 includ+ ,ta>oa1 ,oro1 & ,tane1 at la/ em]g$4 ,h5ce ^! high gods 7 said to be born ( ,night or ! primaeval d>kness 7,po74 ,among !m all ! fir/ place 9 "t & dignity 0 g5]ally assign$ to ,ta>oa1 :o appe>s 9 o!r p>ts ( ,polynesia z ,tan>oa1 ,tang>oa1 ,tagaloa1 & s on4 ,by "s he 0 spok5 ( z ! prog5itor ( ! o!r gods & z ! creator ( ! heav5s1 ! e>?1 & sea1 z well z ( m51 bea/s1 birds1 & fi%es2 b o!rs 7 ( op9ion t ! l& or ! _w _h exi/$ be=e ! gods4 ,oro1 ! great national god ( ,tahiti1 ,raiatea1 & o!r isl&s1 0 believ$ to be a son ( ,ta>oa4#bf ,to ^! ?ree great gods1 ,oro1 ,tane1 & ,ta>oa1 ! p sacrific$ 9 great em]g5cies1 :5 ! deities 7 ?\ght to be angry4 ,at su* times ! wra? ( ! god 0 reveal$ to a prie/1 :o1 wrapt up l a ball 9 a bundle ( clo?1 spoke 9 a %>p1 %rill1 squeaky voice1 say+1 ,i am angry2 br+ me hogs1 kill a man1 & my ang] w be appeas$4#bg #bf ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cbb sqq4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ,obs]vations made dur+ a ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 pp4 #eci sqq42 ,g4 ,=/]1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 ii4 #adi sqq42 ,j4 ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 pp4 #cdc sqq42 ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 ,j\rnal ( ,voyages & ,travels1 i4 #ebc 7z to ,ta>oa72 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 ,voyages aux ,iles du ,gr& ,ocean1 i4 #daf sqq41 #dcf sqq41 #ddb sq4 ,z to ,taaoroa & 8 c\nt]p>ts 9 ,polynesian my?ology1 see ,h4 ,hale1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ,e?nography & ,philology1 p4 #bb2 ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 pp4 #dfc sq41 s4v4 ,tang>oa4 #bg ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 pp4 #afg sq4 ,oro is sometimes describ$ z ! w>-god4#bh ,! great seat ( 8 wor%ip 0 at ,opoa 9 ! isl& ( ,raiatea3 8 pr9cipal image 0 wor%ipp$ !re ) ! mo/ bloody & dete/able rites2 & ?i!r human victims1 ready sla91 7 s5t f e %ore to be (f]$ on 8 alt>4#bi ,sometimes1 in/ead ( ! bodies ( ! sla91 only _! jaw-bones 7 s5t to decorate ! temple ( ,oro at ,opoa2 long /r+s ( ^! relics might be se5 hang+ ab\t ! sacr$ edifice4#cj ,9 ! small isl& ( ,tahaa1 (f ,raiatea1 !re 0 a temple 7m>ae7 d$icat$ to ,oro & 8 two daught]s4 ,x belong$ to ! k+ & 0 upheld = ! conv5i5ce ( f9d+ a pretext to get rid1 f "t to "t1 ( obnoxi\s p]sons1 ( bo? sexes2 ! m5 sla9 by assass9ation1 or 9 w>1 be+ pres5t$ to ! male idol1 & ! wom5 to 8 female prog5y1 :o 7 held to be z cruelly delight$ ) blood z _! p>5t4 ,b ! human sacrifices br\ght hi!r 7 n all[$ to rema9 & infect ! atmosph]e4 ,:5 !y _h la9 ^u ! alt> till !y became (f5sive1 ! c>cases 7 transport$ to ,oro's metropolitan temple at ,opoa1 9 ,raiatea1 :i* 0 ! common ,golgo?a ( 8 victims4#ca #bh ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #aad1 #ebi4 #bi ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #ebi4 #cj ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 ii4 #ad4 ,9 a long h\se 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ,tahiti1 ,capta9 ,cook saw1 at "o end ( x1 a semicircul> bo>d1 f :i* hung fifte5 human jaw-bones1 app>5tly fre%2 n "o ( !m want$ a too?4 ,he 0 told t !y _h be5 c>ri$ away z trophies1 ! p "h c>ry+ away ! jaw-bones ( _! enemies1 z ! ,indians ( ,nor? ,am]ica d ! scalps4 ,see ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #aeb1 #afj4 #ca ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #edi4 ,oro 0 said to h in/itut$ ! notori\s ,society ( ! ,areois1 a lic5ti\s frat]nity ( /roll+ play]s & m\ntebanks1 :o roam$ ab\t 9 tr\pes f isl& to isl&1 ev]y:]e ent]ta9+ ! populace by _! %[s1 :i* compris$ recitations1 songs1 dramatic p]=mances1 wre/l+ mat*es1 & especially dances1 :i* 7 (t5 ( a lascivi\s "*4#cb ,^! exhibitions1 :i* 7 witness$ by cr[ds & appe> to h be5 ! mo/ popul> amusem5t ( ! isl&]s1 7 giv5 9 l>ge1 sub/antial1 sometimes highly ornam5t$1 h\ses1 :i* 7 erect$ *iefly = ! purpose ( lodg+ ^! it9]ant p]=m]s1 & provid+ !m ) suitable places = _! p]=mances4#cc ,! fir/ mission>ies describe h[1 9 a long native h\se :]e !y lodg$ = ! night1 !y saw ! ,areois m5 & wom5 danc+ & s++ till ne> midnight3 s great 7 _! numb]s t !y made ! h\se appe> l a village4#cd ,sometimes1 app>5tly1 ! p]=mances took place 9 front ( ! h\se1 ! musicians1 s+]s1 & recit]s occupy+ a sort ( /age1 :ile ! actors or danc]s p]=m$ on a place m>k$ out = !m on ! gr\nd or on ! floor4#ce ,! subject ( _! songs or recitations 0 (t5 a leg5d ( ! gods1 or ( "s di/+ui%$ memb] ( ! ,society1 :i* 0 *ant$ or recit$ by ! p]=m]s 9 *orus seat$ 9 a circle on ! gr\nd1 :ile ! lead] /ood 9 ! c5tre & introduc$ ! recitation ) a sort ( prologue1 accompani$ by antic ge/ures & attitudes4#cf ,9 ^! recitals ! tales (t5 turn$ on romantic & div]t+ episodes 9 ! lives ( ance/ors or ( deities4 ,_m ( ^! 7 v long1 & regul>ly compos$1 s z to be repeat$ v]batim1 or ) su* illu/rations only z ! wit or fancy ( ! n>rator might h ! skill to introduce4 ,_! capta9 on public occasions1 0 plac$ cross-legg$ on a /ool sev5 feet high1 ) a fan 9 8 h&1 9 ! mid/ ( ! circle ( laugh+ or admir+ auditors1 :om he delight$ ) 8 droll]y1 or transport$ ) 8 grimaces1 be+1 9 fact1 ! m]ry-&rew ( ! corps1 :o1 l a wise fool1 well knew h[ to turn 8 folly to ! be/ acc\nt4#cg #cb ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #aic-aie2 ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ,obs]vations made dur+ a ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 pp4 #daa-dad2 ,g4 ,=/]1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 ii4 #abh-ace2 ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ef1 #eg1 #ei1 #fe sq41 #aec1 #aed1 #agd1 #aid sq41 #bji1 #cca1 #cce2 ,j4 ,turnbull1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w 7,london1 #ahac71 p4 #cfd2 ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #cbf-cbh2 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bbi-bdg2 ,waitz-,g]l&1 ,an?ropologie1 vi4 #cfc-cfi4 #cc ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bcf sq4 #cd ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #bji4 #ce ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 ii4 #acc sq4 #cf ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bce4 #cg ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #cbg sq4 ,! ,society ( ! ,areois 0 weal?y & highly e/eem$2 memb]s 7 drawn f all social ranks & greatly prid$ !mselves on belong+ to x4#ch ,inde$1 !y 7 reg>d$ z a sort ( sup]human be+s1 closely alli$ to ! gods1 & 7 treat$ ) a correspond+ degree ( v5]ation by _m ( ! vulg> & ignorant4#ci ,!y 7 divid$ into sev5 ranks or classes1 ! memb]s ( :i* 7 di/+ui%$ f ea* o!r by _! tattoo m>ks2 ! great] ! am\nt ( ! tattoo+1 ! high] ! rank ( ! p]son4#dj ,admission to ! ,society 0 att5d$ by a v>iety ( c]emonies2 a protract$ noviciate foll[$1 & x 0 only by progressive advancem5t t any 7 promot$ to ! high] dignities4 ,x 0 imag9$ t ^? :o became ,areois 7 prompt$ or inspir$ by ! gods to take ?is /ep4 ,a c&idate = admission1 !re=e1 repair$ to "o ( ! public exhibitions 9 t app>5t /ate ( fr5zy :i* is commonly suppos$ to indicate div9e inspiration4 ,8 face 0 dy$ sc>let2 8 hair 0 p]fum$ & adorn$ ) fl[]s1 & he wore a girdle ( yell[ planta9 leaves4 ,?us array$1 he ru%$ ?r\gh ! cr[d assembl$ r\nd ! h\se 9 :i* ! actors or danc]s 7 p]=m+1 &1 leap+ into ! circle1 jo9$ ) seem+ frantic wildness 9 ! dance or pantomime4 ,if ! ,society approv$ ( him1 !y appo9t$ him to wait z a s]vant on ! pr9cipal ,areois1 & aft] a p]iod ( probation he might be induct$ into ! ,society z a full-fl$g$ memb]4 ,at 8 induction1 :i* took place 9 a great assembly ( ! body1 ! c&idate receiv$ a new "n1 by :i* he 0 !nce=? kn[n 9 ! ,society4#da ,:5 a memb] 0 advanc$ f a l[] to a high] grade1 ! c]emony 0 p]=m$ at a public fe/ival :i* all ! memb]s ( ! ,society 9 ! isl& 7 expect$ to att5d4 ,! c&idate 0 !n tak5 to a temple1 :]e he 0 solemnly ano9t$ ) fragrant oil on ! =ehead1 & (f]$ a pig to ! god4#db #ch ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bci1 #bde2 ,g4 ,=/]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #acj2 ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 op4 cit4 pp4 #daa sq4 #ci ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bci1 #bdd2 ,j4 ,turnbull1 op4 cit4 p4 #cfd2 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dib4 #dj ,g4 ,=/]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #abh sq42 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bch2 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dia4 #da ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bci sq42 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dia sqq4 #db ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bda sq42 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dic sq4 ,:5 a memb] ( ! ,society di$ 8 body 0 convey$ by ! ,areois to ! gr& temple1 :]e ! bones ( ! k+s 7 deposit$4 ,!re ! prie/ ( ,oro1 /&+ ov] ! corpse1 (f]$ a long pray] to 8 god4 ,?is pray]1 & ! c]emonies accompany+ x1 7 design$ to dive/ ! body ( all ! sacr$ & my/]i\s influ5ce :i* ! deceas$ 0 ?\ght to h receiv$ f ! god at ! mom5t :51 9 ! pres5ce ( ! idol1 ! p]fum$ oil _h be5 spr9kl$ on him1 & he _h be5 rais$ to ! ord] or rank 9 :i* he di$4 ,by ?is act !y suppos$ t ! sacr$ influ5ce 0 re/or$ to ,oro1 by :om x _h be5 imp>t$4 ,! body 0 !n buri$1 l t ( a common man1 )9 ! prec9cts ( ! temple1 9 :i* ! mortal rema9s ( *iefs 7 int]r$4#dc ,b if = any reason ! corpse 7 buri$ 9 unconsecrat$ gr\nd1 ! gho/ w\ld appe> to a survivor next day & remon/rate ) him1 say+1 ,y h buri$ me 9 common e>?1 & s long z ,i lie !re1 ,i _c g to heav54 ,y mu/ bury me ) c]emonies1 & 9 holy gr\nd4 ,aft] t ! corpse 0 dis9t]r$1 & hav+ be5 d\bl$ up by ty+ ! arms to ! %\ld]s & ! knees to ! trunk1 x 0 buri$ 9 a sitt+ po/ure 9 a hole s %all[ t ! e>? b>ely cov]$ ! head4 ,?is 0 e/eem$ ! mo/ hon\rable =m ( sepulture1 & 0 pr9cipally conf9$ to p]sonages ( high rank4#dd #dc ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bdd sq4 #dd ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #bgc sq4 ,! ,areoi ,society compris$ wom5 z well z m51#de b ! acc\nts giv5 ( ! proportion ( ! sexes & _! relations to ea* o!r are conflict+4 ,accord+ to "o acc\nt1 ! male memb]s outnumb]$ ! wom5 z five to "o4#df ,! fir/ mission>ies report$ t ! ,areois 7 said to h ea* two or ?ree wives1 :om !y ex*ang$ ) ea* o!r4#dg ,accord+ to ,cook1 e woman 0 common to e man#dh2 & ,turnbull affirm$ t ! community ( wom5 0 ! v pr9ciple ( _! union4#di ,on ! o!r h&1 ! naturali/ ,george ,=/]1 :o accompani$ ,capta9 ,cook1 obs]ves3 ,we h be5 told a wanton tale ( promiscu\s embraces1 :]e e woman is common to e man3 b :5 we enquir$ = a confirmation ( ?is /ory f ! natives1 we 7 soon conv9c$ t x mu/1 l _m o!rs1 be consid]$ z ! gr\ndless inv5tion ( a travell]'s gay fancy4#ej ,aga91 ,ellis obs]ves t1 al?\gh addict$ to e k9d ( lic5ti\sness !mselves1 ea* ,areoi _h 8 own wife1 :o 0 also a memb] ( ! ,society2 & s jeal\s 7 !y 9 ?is respect1 t improp] conduct t[>ds ! wife ( "o ( _! own numb]1 0 sometimes puni%$ ) dea?4#ea ,yet ! same writ] speaks ( ! my/]ies ( iniquity1 & acts ( m ?an be/ial degradation to :i* ! ,areois 7 at times addict$2 & he says t 9 "s ( _! meet+s1 !y appe> to h plac$ _! inv5tion on ! rack1 to discov] ! wor/ pollutions ( :i* x 0 possible = man to be guilty1 & to h /riv5 to outdo ea* o!r 9 ! mo/ revolt+ practices4#eb #de ,g4 ,=/]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #abh4 #df ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #cbf4 #dg ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #agd4 #dh ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #aic sq4 #di ,j4 ,turnbull1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 p4 #cfd4 #ej ,g4 ,=/]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #acb4 #ea ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bci4 #eb ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bdc4 ,x 0 a rule ( ! ,society t no memb] %\ld h any *ildr52 h5ce ! fir/ injunction giv5 to a new memb] 0 to murd] 8 (fspr+4 ,any infant t might aft]w>ds be born to him 0 /rangl$ at bir?4#ec ,if a woman sp>$ h] *ild & c\ld induce a man to fa!r x1 bo? ! man & ! woman1 be+ deem$ by ?is act to h appropriat$ ea* o!r1 are eject$ f ! community1 & =feit all claim to ! privileges & pleasures ( ,arreoy = ! future2 ! woman f t "t be+ di/+ui%$ by ! t]m :ann[-n[1 'be>] ( *ildr51' :i* is "h a t]m ( reproa*4#ed ,! pretext alleg$ by ! ,areois = ?is cruel practice 0 t1 on ! in/itution ( ! ,society by ! god ,oro1 ! fir/ two memb]s1 ,orotetefa & ,urutetefa1 bro!rs ( ! god1 _h be5 celibate & *ildless1 & t !re=e ! memb]s ( ! ,society 7 b\nd to imitate !m by be+ also )\t (fspr+4#ee #ec ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #aid2 ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ,obs]vations1 pp4 #dac sq42 ,g4 ,=/]1 ,voyage1 ii4 #abi sq42 ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aed sq41 #agd1 #aid sq42 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bcj sq41 #bcc1 #bdj4 ,mo]5h\t says t :5 a *ief 0 an ,areoi1 8 fir/-born son 0 sp>$1 b all ! re/ 7 sacrific$2 b imm$iately aft]w>ds he adds1 ) app>5t inconsi/5cy1 t ! fir/ 7by :i* he seems to mean ! pr9cipal7 ,areois only kill$ _! fir/ sons & all _! daught]s2 ! o!r male infants 7 sp>$4 ,see ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #die1 #dif4 ,^! /atem5ts1 s f> z ,i h obs]v$1 are n confirm$ by o!r writ]s4 #ed ,j4 ,cook1 i4 #aid4 #ee ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bcj sq41 #bcb sq4 ,9 ! con/ant repetition ( _! (t5 obsc5e exhibitions ! ,areois pass$ _! lives1 sail+ f isl& to isl& or /roll+ f "o *ief's h\se to t ( ano!r1 :]e !y r5ew$ ! same r\nd ( dances1 wre/l+s1 & pantomimic p]=mances4#ef ,b ! lab\r & drudg]y ( danc+ & p]=m+ = ! amusem5t ( ! spectators devolv$ *iefly on ! l[e/ memb]s ( ! ,society1 :o 7 ! pr9cipal actors 9 all _! %[s1 :ile ! high] ord]s1 ?\gh !y pla/]$ !mselves ) *>coal & /a9$ !mselves sc>let l _! humbl] bre?r51 7 g5]ally c>eful n to contribute to ! public hil>ity by any exhau/+ ef=ts ( _! own4 ,?us !y l$ a life ( dissipation & luxuri\s indol5ce4#eg #ef ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bcf1 #bcg4 #eg ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bch1 #bda4 ,!y seem to h mov$ ab\t 9 great tr\pes4 ,z _m z sev5ty canoes1 ) m ?an sev5 hundr$ ( ^! vagabonds on bo>d1 h be5 se5 /e]+ f isl& to isl&4#eh ,! approa* ( su* a fleet to ! %ore ) drums beat+1 flutes play+1 & /ream]s float+ on ! w9d1 0 a picturesque sight1 & z ! canoes ne>$ ! l& ! danc]s might be se5 jigg+ x on /ages erect$ on bo>d1 :ile ! voices ( ! s+]s m+l$ ) ! roll ( ! drums1 ! %rill music ( ! flutes1 & ! ro> ( ! surf on ! bea* 9 a confus$ b n unmelodi\s babel ( s\nd4#ei #eh ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ,obs]vations1 p4 #dab2 ,g4 ,=/]1 ,voyage1 ii4 #abh4 #ei ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bcf sq4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 ii4 #acb sq4 ,accord+ to ! latt] writ] !re 7 traditions ( z _m z a hundr$ & fifty canoes sail+ at once1 ea* "o seldom conta9+ less ?an ?irty or =ty1 & sometimes a hundr$ p]sons4 ,on l&+ 9 an isl& _! fir/ bus9ess 0 to take a small suck+-pig to ! temple & pres5t x to ! god z a ?ank-(f]+ to him = hav+ br\ght !m safe to %ore4 ,?is1 we are told1 0 ! only sacrifice ev] (f]$ 9 tok5 ( gratitude by any ( ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&]s to _! imag9>y div9ities4#fj ,:ile !y 7 ev]y:]e welcom$ by ! vulg> = ! m]rim5t !y c>ri$ ) !m1 & 7 ev]y:]e c\nt5anc$ & lib]ally ent]ta9$ by ! k+s & *iefs1 :o f\nd !m conv5i5t tools ( fraud & oppression1 !y 7 n receiv$ ) equal en?usiasm by ! f>m]s1 :o _h to furni% !m ) provisions1 & :o dur/ n refuse !m any?+1 h[ev] unreasonable & extortionate _! dem&s4 ,= ! ,areois liv$ on ! fat ( ! l&4 ,:5 !y alight$1 l a sw>m ( locu/s1 on a ri* di/rict1 !y w\ld s5d out _! h5*m5 to sc\r ! neighb\rhood & plund] ! mis]able inhabitants2 & :5 !y mov$ on to _! next halt+-place1 ! g>d5s :i* !y left beh9d !m (t5 pres5t$ a sc5e ( desolation & ru94#fa ,su* havoc1 inde$1 did !y spread by _! fea/+s & c>\s+s on ev5 a %ort visit ( a few days1 t 9 "s p>ts ( ,tahiti ! natives 7 compell$ to ab&on ! f]tile l[l&s & retreat up ! m\nta9s1 submitt+ to ! tr\ble ( clamb]+ up almo/ inaccessible slopes & cultivat+ a less fruitful soil r ?an expose mu* ( ! produce ( _! lab\r to ! ravages ( ^! privileg$ robb]s4#fb #fj ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #cbf sq4 #fa ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bcg sq42 ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #cbf-cbh4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #agd1 ,:]ev] !y g !y ex]cise p[] to seize :at !y want f ! inhabitants4 ,!y smite _! h& on _! brea/ & say ',h>re1 give1' :5ev] !y covet any ?+1 & none d>es d5y !m4 ,!y nev] "w2 live by plund]2 yet are highly respect$1 z none b p]sons ( rank are admitt$ among !m4 ,?is la/ /atem5t1 h[ev]1 is contradict$ by ,ellis1 :o says 7op4 cit4 i4 #bci7 t ! frat]nity 0 n conf9$ to any p>ticul> rank or grade 9 society1 b 0 compos$ ( individuals f e class4 #fb ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #aig4 ,n ! lea/ ( ! privileges1 real or imag9>y1 enjoy$ by ! ,areois 0 t aft] dea? _! spirits 7 believ$ to pass )\t difficulty to t p>adise ( delights to :i* o!rwise none b ! noble & weal?y c\ld hope to atta94#fc #fc ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bde sq41 #cig2 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dcd sq4 ,9 spite ( ! pr(ligate life :i* ! ,areoi l$ & _! addiction to a r\nd ( frivol\s amusem5ts & ent]ta9m5ts1 x seems likely t ! ,society 0 orig9ally f\nd$ = "s s]i\s purpose1 ?\gh ! acc\nts :i* h come d[n to u h>dly enable u to det]m9e1 or ev5 to conjecture ) a fair degree ( probability1 :at t purpose 04 ,t its aim 0 religi\s might be inf]r$ on g5]al gr\nds1 & is confirm$ by ! close relation 9 :i* ! ,society /ood to ! national god ,oro4 ,n only is ,oro said to h f\nd$ ! ,society1 b be=e a troop ( ,areois set out on _! p]egr9ations !y 7 oblig$ to kill _m pigs 9 sacrifice to him & to (f] l>ge quantities ( planta9s1 bananas1 & o!r fruits on 8 alt>s4 ,moreov]1 tempor>y %r9es 7 erect$ 9 _! canoes = ! wor%ip ( ,oro's two div9e bro!rs1 ,orotetefa & ,urutetefa1 :o 7 traditionally said to h be5 ! fir/ memb]s ( ! ,society & 7 reg>d$ z its tutel>y deities4 ,9 ^! %r9es ! pr9cipal symbols 7 a /one = ea* ( ! bro!rs tak5 f ,oro's temple1 & a few r$ fea!rs f ! inside ( 8 sacr$ image4 ,into ^! symbols ! gods 7 suppos$ to ent] :5 ! prie/ pron\nc$ a %ort pray] imm$iately be=e ! sail+ ( ! fleet4#fd #fd ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bcd4 ,we might be bett] able to und]/& ! purpose & ! functions ( ! ,areoi ,society if we 7 acqua9t$ ) ! nature & mean+ :i* ! natives ascrib$ to ! god ,oro1 ! reput$ f\nd] ( ! ,society2 b on ?is subject our au?orities %$ little light4 ,he is describ$ z ! w>-god#fe & z ! great national idol ( ,raiatea1 ,tahiti1 ,eimeo1 & "s ( ! o!r isl&s1 & he 0 said to be a son ( ! creator ,ta>oa1 :o at fir/ dwelt alone up al(t1 b :o aft]w>ds1 ) ! help ( 8 daught] ,h9a1 creat$ ! heav5s1 ! e>?1 & ! sea4#ff ,by ,european writ]s ,oro has be5 v>i\sly int]pret$ z a god ( ! dead or ( ! sun2 & accord+ly ! ,society ( ! ,areois has be5 v>i\sly expla9$ z devot$ ei!r to a cult ( ! ,"l ( ! ,dead = ! sake ( secur+ et]nal happ9ess 9 a _w beyond ! grave1 or to a wor%ip ( ! sun-god2 b ! gr\nds alleg$ = ei!r int]pretation appe> to be extremely slight4#fg #fe ,above1 p4 #beh4 #ff ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cbd1 #cbe4 #fg ,g]l& takes ! =m] view1 ,mo]5h\t ! latt]4 ,see ,waitz-,g]l&1 ,an?ropologie1 vi4 #cfh sq42 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dhd4 ,! only evid5ce adduc$ by ,mo]5h\t = 8 int]pretation ( ,oro z a sun-god is a /atem5t t 9 ! ,m>quesas ,isl&s ! ,areois susp5d$ _! p]=mances & w5t into retreat f ,april or ,may till ! v]nal equ9ox 7:i* 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e falls 9 ,septemb]71 & t dur+ _! retreat !y assum$ ! /yle ( m\rn]s & bewail$ ! abs5ce or dea? ( _! god1 :om !y call$ ,mah\i4 ,?is ,mah\i is accord+ly tak5 by ,mo]5h\t to be ! sun & equat$ to ,oro1 ! god ( ! ,areois 9 ! ,society ,isl&s4 ,b ,mah\i seems to be no o!r ?an ! well-kn[n ,polynesian h]o ,maui1 :o c h>dly h be5 ! sun 7see bel[1 p4 #bhf note#e72 & ,mo]5h\t's /atem5t z to ! annual p]iod ( m\rn+ obs]v$ by ! ,areois 9 ! ,m>quesas ,isl&s is n1 s f> z ,i "k1 confirm$ by any o!r writ]1 & mu/1 !re=e1 be reg>d$ z op5 to d\bt4 ,8 /atem5t & 8 int]pretation ( ,oro & ,mah\i 7 accept$ by ,dr4 ,riv]s1 :o made !m ! basis ( 8 f>-rea*+ !ory ( a secret wor%ip ( ! sun introduc$ into ! ,pacific by immigrants f a f> nor!rn c\ntry1 :o also built ! megali?ic monum5ts ( ,polynesia & ,micronesia4 ,see ,w4 ,h4 ,r4 ,riv]s1 ,sun-cult & ,megali?s 9 ,polynesia1 ,am]ican ,an?ropologi/1 xvii4 ,july-,septemb] #aiae1 pp4 #dca sqq4 ,9 pro( ( ! suppos$ connexion betwe5 ^! megali?ic monum5ts & a wor%ip ( ! sun1 ,dr4 ,riv]s says 7p4 #ddj7 t ! ,areois held _! celebrations 9 an enclosure call$ m>ae or m>ai1 at "o end ( :i* 0 situat$ a pyramidical /ructure ) /eps lead+ to a plat=m on :i* 7 plac$ ! images ( ! gods dur+ ! religi\s celebrations ( ! p4 ,b if by _! celebrations ,dr4 ,riv]s means ! ord9>y dramatic1 musical1 & a?letic p]=mances ( ! ,areois1 he seems to be 9 error2 = x appe>s to be c]ta9 t ^! exhibitions 7 regul>ly giv51 n at ! m>aes1 b 9 or be=e l>ge h\ses built or specially set ap>t = ! purpose4 ,see above1 pp4 #bei sq4 ,p]haps a fa9t gleam ( light may fall on ! my/]y ( ! ,areois f an exam9ation ( _! tradition>y fir/ memb]s & gu>dian deities1 ! two div9e bro!rs1 ,orotetefai & ,urutetefai4 ,! simil>ity ( ! names ( ! bro!rs sugge/s t !y may h be5 tw9s2 = x is a common cu/om to be/[ ei!r ! same or a simil> "n on ea* ( a pair ( tw9s 9 ord] to indicate _! close relation%ip to ea* o!r4#fh ,if !y 7 tw9s1 !re are "s gr\nds = ?9k+ t !y 7 ,heav5ly ,tw9s2 = _! fa!r or creator1 ,ta>oa1 seems c]ta9ly to h be5 a sky-god1 & _! "m1 ,h9a1 is by "s au?orities reg>d$ z ! moon2 moreov]1 ! two bro!rs are said to h fir/ desc5d$ f ! sky to ! e>? on a ra9b[4#fi ,if ! tw9%ip ( ! div9e bro!rs c\ld be made out1 x might p]haps expla9 "s ( ! peculi> features ( ! ,areoi ,society4 ,= example1 _! rem>kable cu/om ( n all[+ any ( _! (fspr+ to live2 = x has be5 a common cu/om 9 _m p>ts ( ! _w to put tw9s to dea?4#gj ,fur!r1 ! sup]human rank accord$ to ! ,areois becomes m intelligible on ?is hypo!sis4 ,= among _m savage peoples tw9s are cr$it$ ) ! possession ( p[]s sup]ior to ^? ( ord9>y humanity2 9 p>ticul>1 !y are ?\ght to be able to influ5ce ! wea!r = good or evil1 z by caus+ ra9 or dr\ght & ! w9d to bl[ or be /ill4#ga ,among ! ,b>onga ( ,s\?-,ea/]n ,africa ! suppos$ relation ( tw9s to ! sky is v cle>ly m>k$4 ,!y call ! "m ( tw9s by a "n :i* means ,heav5 7,tilo71 & consi/5tly !y /yle ! tw9s !mselves ,*ildr5 ( ,heav5 7,bana ba ,tilo74#gb ,! "m is ev5 said to h made ,heav51 to h c>ri$ ,heav51 & to h asc5d$ to ,heav54#gc ,! connexion :i* is believ$ to exi/ betwe5 h] & ! tw9s on ! "o side & ! sky on ! o!r is br\ght out pla9ly 9 ! cu/oms :i* ! ,b>onga obs]ve = ! purpose ( procur+ ra9 9 "t ( dr\ght4 ,?us !y w take a "m ( tw9s1 put h] 9 a hole1 & p\r on h] wat] :i* !y h drawn f all ! wells1 till ! hole is half full1 & ! wat] comes up to h] brea/4 ,?is is ?\ght to make ! ra9 fall4#gd ,or aga91 9 ord] to get ra91 ! wom5 w /rip !mselves nak$ except = a girdle & head-dress ( grass1 & ?us attir$ w g 9 procession1 head$ by a "m ( tw9s1 & p\r wat] on ! graves ( tw9s4 ,& if ! body ( a tw9 has be5 buri$ 9 dry gr\nd1 !y w dig x up & bury x aga9 ne> a riv]2 = ! grave ( a tw91 9 _! op9ion1 %\ld always be wet4 ,?us !y hope to draw d[n ra9 on ! ?ir/y gr\nd4#ge ,aga91 :5 a ?und]/orm is rag+ & lightn+ ?reat5s to /rike a village1 ! ,b>onga w say to a tw91 ,help u6 y are a ,*ild ( ,heav56 ,y c !re=e cope ) ,heav52 x w he> y :5 y speak4 ,s ! *ild goes out ( ! hut & prays to ,heav5 z foll[s3 ,g away6 ,d n annoy u6 ,we are afraid4 ,g & ro> f> away4 ,:5 ! ?und]/orm is ov]1 ! *ild is ?ank$ = its s]vices4 ,! "m ( tw9s is also suppos$ to be able to help 9 ! same way1 = has %e n1 z ! natives express x1 asc5d$ to ,heav58 ,!y say t %e c speak ) ,heav51 & t %e is at x or 9 x4#gf ,among ! ,kpelle1 a negro tribe ( ,lib]ia1 tw9s are reg>d$ z born magicians1 & z su* are treat$ ) respect1 & p sometimes make !m pres5ts 9 ord] to ensure _! goodwill2 9 do+ s !y are c>eful nev] to make a pres5t to ! "o tw9 )\t ! o!r1 & ! tw9 :o 0 born la/ gets 8 pres5t fir/1 = he is reg>d$ z ! fir/-born4 ,tw9s are ?\ght by ! ,kpelle to d wond]s2 !y ev5 say t a tw9 surpasses e m$ic9e-man4#gg ,among ! ,fan or ,fang1 a tribe ( ! ,cam]oons 9 ,we/ ,africa1 !re is a curi\s sup]/ition t a tw9 ought n to see a ra9b[4 ,%\ld he by accid5t h caught sight ( "o1 he mu/ %ave 8 eyebr[s & dye ! place ( ! "o black & ! place ( ! o!r r$4#gh ,?is sup]/ition seems to imply a special relation betwe5 tw9s & ! sky1 & x rem9ds u ( ! ,tahitian tradition t ! two div9e bro!rs1 ! fir/ memb]s ( ! ,areoi ,society1 desc5d$ to e>? on a ra9b[4#gi #fh ,j4 ,r5del ,h>ris1 ,! ,dioscuri 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,leg5ds 7,london1 #aijc71 pp4 #a sqq4 id41 ,! ,cult ( ! ,heav5ly ,tw9s 7,cambridge1 #aijf71 pp4 #eh sqq42 id41 ,boan]ges 7,cambridge1 #aiac71 pp4 #bia sqq4 #fi ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bcj1 #bcb4 ,ellis does n admit t ,orotetefa & ,urutetefa 71 /rictly speak+1 ! sons ( ,oro4 ,he writes3 ,accord+ to ! traditions ( ! p1 ,ta>oa creat$1 &1 by means ( ,h9a1 br\ght =? :5 full gr[n ,orotetefa & ,urutetefa4 ,!y 7 n 8 sons2 oriori is ! t]m employ$ by ! p1 :i* seems to mean create 7op4 cit4 i4 #bcj74 ,) reg>d to ,h9a 7,he5a71 int]pret$ z ! moon1 or ! goddess ( ! moon1 see ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ,obs]vations1 p4 #edi2 ,g4 ,=/]1 ,voyage1 ii4 #aeb2 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit44 i4 #dbh sq41 #deh1 #dgb2 ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 p4 #fi4 s4v4 ,h9a1 ,h9a is by f> ! be/ kn[n ( all ,polynesian leg5d>y p]sonages4 ,9 ! m ea/]ly isl&s %e is a goddess1 & is almo/ c]ta9ly ! ,moon-goddess4 ,simil>ly ,mr4 ,e4 ,e4 ,v4 ,collocot obs]ves t ,h9a is g5]ally reg>d$ z ! ,moon-goddess1 & ?is view 0 spontane\sly put =w>d by a ,tongan2 9 conv]sation ) me 7,j\rnal ( ! ,polynesian ,society1 xxx4 7#aiba7 p4 #bch74 #gj ,abundant evid5ce ( ! cu/om is produc$ by ,dr4 ,r5del ,h>ris 9 8 le>n$ works1 ,! ,cult ( ! ,heav5ly ,tw9s & ,boan]ges4 #ga ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 ,"p ,i41 ,! ,magic ,art & ! ,evolution ( ,k+s1 i4 #bfb sqq4 #gb ,h4 ,a4 ,junod1 ,les ,ba-ronga 7,neu*atel1 #ahih71 p4 #dab2 id41 ,life ( a ,s\? ,african ,tribe 7,neu*atel1 #aiab-aiac71 ii4 #cid4 #gc ,h4 ,a4 ,junod1 ,life ( a ,s\? ,african ,tribe1 ii4 #cih4 #gd ,h4 ,a4 ,junod1 ,life ( a ,s\? ,african ,tribe1 ii4 #cii4 #ge ,h4 ,a4 ,junod1 ,les ,ba-ronga1 pp4 #dag sq42 id41 ,life ( a ,s\? ,african ,tribe1 ii4 #bif4 #gf ,h4 ,a4 ,junod1 ,life ( a ,s\? ,african ,tribe1 ii4 #cii sq4 #gg ,d4 ,we/]mann1 ,die ,kpelle1 e9 ,neg]/amm 9 ,lib]ia 7,goett+51 #aiba71 pp4 #fh1 #bab1 #cee4 ,! ,bamb>a1 ano!r tribe ( ,we/ ,africa1 simil>ly reg>d ! la/-born ( tw9s z ! eld] ( ! two4 ,see ,jos4 ,h5ry1 ,les ,bamb>a 7,mu5/] i4 ,w41 #aiaj71 p4 #ih4 ,s1 too1 ) ! ,mossi ( ! ,sudan4 ,see ,e4 ,mang91 ,les ,mossi1 ,an?ropos1 x4-xi4 7#aiae-aiaf7 p4 #aib4 #gh ,l4 ,m>tr\1 ,les ',eki' des ,fang1 ,an?ropos1 i4 7#aijf7 p4 #gea2 ,h4 ,trilles1 ,le ,totemisme *ez les ,fan 7,mu5/] i4 ,w41 #aiab71 p4 #eic4 ,comp>e ,h4 ,a4 ,junod1 ,life ( a ,s\? ,african ,tribe1 ii4 #djj1 note#a1 :o reports ! same sup]/ition among ! ,fan on ! te/imony ( 8 wife1 :o 0 = ye>s a mission>y 9 ! tribe4 #gi ,above1 p4 #bfg4 ,ano!r notion ab\t tw9s :i* may possibly help to ?r[ light on "s ( ! practices ( ! ,areoi ,society1 is t !y or _! p>5ts or bo? are end[$ ) a f]tilis+ or prolific virtue1 :i* enables !m to multiply animals or plants & !reby to increase ! food supply4 ,?us1 = example1 "s tribes ( ,nor!rn ,rhodesia keep pigeons 9 _! villages1 & 9 erect+ a pigeon-cote !y take c>e t ! fir/ /akes are driv5 9 by a woman :o has borne tw9s1 9 ord]1 !y say1 t ! pigeons may multiply4#hj ,"s ,bantu tribes ( ?is region ascribe a simil> virtue to bo? ! fa!r & ! "m ( tw9s4 ,!y ?9k t su* p>5ts ex]t a b5eficial or prolific influ5ce at lay+ ! f\ndations ( pigeon-cotes1 *ick5-h\ses1 goat-p5s1 or any o!r build+ us$ = ! purposes ( bre$+2 a c]ta9 woman :o _h borne tw9s ?rice 0 lately 9 great reque/ at ^! functions4#ha ,! ,zulus ?9k t all goats belong+ to a tw9 br+ =? "y 9 c\ples4#hb #hj ,c4 ,g\ldsbury & ,h4 ,%eane1 ,! ,great ,plateau ( ,nor!rn ,nig]ia 7,london1 #aiaa71 pp4 #cjg sq4 #ha ,d4 ,campbell1 ,9 ! ,he>t ( ,bantul& 7,london1 #aibb71 p4 #aee4 #hb ,dudley ,kidd1 ,savage ,*ildhood 7,london1 #aijf71 p4 #di4 ,9 ! ,c5tral ,di/rict ( ,busoga1 ,c5tral ,africa1 :5 a woman has giv5 bir? to tw9s1 ! p ( h] clan d n s[ any se$ until ! tw9s h be5 br\ght to ! field4 ,a pot ( cook$ gra9 is set be=e ! *ildr5 ) a cake ( sesame & all ! se$ t is to be s[n4 ,! food is eat5 by ! assembl$ p1 & aft]w>ds ! field is s[n 9 pres5ce ( ! tw9s2 ! plot is !n said to be ! field ( ! tw9s4 ,! "m ( tw9s mu/ s[ h] se$ be=e any p]son ( ! clan w s[ 8 or h]s4#hc ,^! cu/oms seem cle>ly to imply a belief t tw9s & _! "m possess a special p[] ( f]tilis+ ! se$4 ,among ! ,bag&a ( ,c5tral ,africa tw9s 7 suppos$ to be s5t by ,mukasa1 ! great god ^: bless+ on ! crops & on ! p 0 ensur$ at an annual fe/ival4 ,! tw9s 7 ?\ght to be "u ! protection ( ! god1 & !y bore 8 "n1 ! boys be+ call$ ,mukasa & ! girls ,namukasa4 ,& a s]ies ( cu/oms obs]v$ by ! p>5ts ( tw9s among ! ,bag&a indicates 9 ! pla9e/ mann] a belief t !y 7 end[$ ) a f]tilis+ virtue :i* ext5d$1 n only to ! crops & ! cattle1 b also to human be+s4 ,?us ! p>5ts ( tw9s 7 suppos$ to make p fruitful by spr9kl+ !m ) a mixture ( wat] & clay f pots1 ( :i* ea* ( ! p>5ts _h "o4 ,aga91 "s "t aft] ! bir? ! p>5ts us$ to make a r\nd ( visits to relations & fri5ds1 tak+ ! tw9s ) !m4 ,at e h\se !y danc$1 ! fa!r we>+ a cr[n made f a c]ta9 creep]1 & ! "m we>+ a girdle ( ! same mat]ial4 ,at ^! dances (f]+s 7 made to ! tw9s4 ,^! dances 7 mo/ popul> because ! p believ$ t !reby !y obta9$ a special bless+ f ! god ,mukasa1 :o fav\r$ ! p>5ts ( tw9s1 & ?r\gh !m disp5s$ bless+ :]ev] !y w5t4 ,! p]sons :om ! tw9s & _! p>5ts hon\r$ ) a visit ?\ght t1 n only !y !mselves w\ld be bless$ & giv5 *ildr51 b t _! h]ds & crops also w\ld be multipli$4 ,a c]emony p]=m$ by ! fa!r & "m ( tw9s ov] a fl[] ( ! planta9 indicat$ 9 ! pla9e/1 if ! grosse/1 fa%ion ! belief ( ! ,bag&a t p>5ts ( tw9s c\ld magically f]tilise ! planta9s :i* =m ! /aple food ( ! p4 ,no wond]1 !n1 t among !m a "m ( tw9s is deem$ a s\rce ( bless+ to ! :ole community1 & t = "s "t aft] ! bir? bo? %e & ! fa!r 7 sacr$ & wore a di/9ctive dress to prev5t any "o f t\*+ !m4 ,! fa!r1 9 p>ticul>1 c\ld d :at he lik$1 because he 0 "u ! protection ( ! god2 = example1 he 0 free to ent] anybody's g>d5 & to take ! produce at w4 ,special drums1 too1 7 made = ! p>5ts1 "o = ! fa!r & "o = ! "m2 & = "s "t aft] ! bir? ^! 7 beat5 cont9ually bo? by day & by night4#hd #hc ,j4 ,roscoe1 ,! ,nor!rn ,bantu 7,cambridge1 #aiae71 p4 #bce4 #hd ,j4 ,roscoe1 ,fur!r ,notes on ! ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,bag&a1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 xxxii4 7#aijb7 pp4 #cb-cd1 #hj2 id41 ,! ,bag&a 7,london1 #aiaa71 pp4 #fd-gb4 ,^! two acc\nts to "s ext5t supplem5t ea* o!r4 ,i h drawn on bo?4 ,z to ! annual fe/ival ( ! god ,mukasa1 see id41 ,! ,bag&a1 pp4 #bih sq4 ,among ! ,hos ( ,togo1 9 ,we/ ,africa1 9 l mann]1 special drums are beat5 = ! p>5ts ( tw9s1 & ! p>5ts dance publicly to ! music 9 ! ma9 /reet ( ! village1 aft] go+ n9e times r\nd x4 ,"s days lat] ! p>5ts g ! r\nd ( all ! ,ho t[ns1 ev]y:]e execut+ ! same dance to ! same music at noon2 b %\ld "o ( ! tw9s h di$ 9 ! meantime1 ! p>5ts dance at night4 ,x is believ$ t1 if ! cu/om>y rites 7 n p]=m$ at ! bir? ( tw9s1 ! p>5ts ( ! tw9s w\ld be crippl$4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 ! drums1 to ! music ( :i* ! p>5ts dance1 may n be beat5 by any "o )\t special reason2 & no "o else may dance to _! music except su* z h sla9 ei!r a man or a leop>d4 ,among ^! p ! bir? ( tw9s is ! occasion ( v great rejoic+4 ,!y say t ! road :i* ! "m ( tw9s goes is bett] ?an ! road :i* ! ri* man goes4#he ,! say+ sugge/s t ! ,hos1 l ! ,bag&a1 reg>d a "m ( tw9s z diffus+ f]tility :]ev] %e goes2 &1 on ! analogy ( ! dances ( p>5ts ( tw9s among ! ,bag&a1 we may conjecture t 9 l mann] among ! ,hos ! p>5ts ( tw9s are suppos$ to conf] ! bless+ ( fruitfulness on all ! t[ns :]e !y dance4 #he ,j4 ,spie?1 ,die ,ewe-,/aemme 7,b]l91 #aijf71 pp4 #bjb-bjf4 ,among ! ,b>undi ( ,ea/ ,africa ! bir? ( tw9s is celebrat$ ) rites1 songs1 & ritual dances1 :i* la/ = days & ev5 = weeks4 ,z soon z ! news spreads1 ! neighb\rs1 fri5ds1 & relations flock to ! h\se to s+1 br++ ) !m pres5ts = ! p>5ts or (f]+s to ! spirits4 ,! am\nt ( provisions ?us accumulat$ is enorm\s1 b ! p>5ts ( ! tw9s b5efit little by x2 ! great bulk disappe>s z by magic among ! self-invit$ gue/s4 ,fe/ivity1 danc+1 & s++ are n[ ! ord] ( ! day4 ,danc]s1 male & female1 _! faces pa9t$ r$ & :ite or yell[1 dance l furies 9 a circle = h\rs toge!r1 s++ ritual hymns at ! top ( _! voices1 :ile an old sorc]ess bespr9kles ! troop ) lu/ral wat]4 ,x is commonly believ$ t if ^! rites 7 omitt$1 ! tw9s & _! p>5ts w\ld die4 ,at ! bir? ( tw9s x is cu/om>y to buy two black %eep or lambs & to d$icate !m to ! tw9s1 "o to ea*4 ,^! %eep are !n left at lib]ty to run ab\t z !y l by day & night1 & to ent] ! fields & br[se at w4 ,if "o ( !m dies x is replac$ by ano!r4 ,! animals are describ$ z ! gu>dians ( ! *ildr51 ! receptacle or symbol ( _! spirits1 9 %ort1 z _! feti%4#hf ,to "s ext5t1 !y are analog\s to ! pig :i* an ,areoi us$ to (f] to ! god at ! c]emony ( 8 consecration2 =1 ?\gh sometimes ! animal 0 kill$1 at o!r times x 0 lib]at$1 &1 be+ reg>d$ z sacr$ or belong+ to ! god to :om x _h be5 (f]$1 0 all[$ to range ! di/rict uncontroll$ till x di$4#hg ,among ! ,baluba1 a tribe ( ! ,belgian ,congo1 !re is great joy at ! bir? ( tw9s1 & special c]emonies are obs]v$ on ! occasion4 ,! tw9s are inv>iably nam$ ,kyunga & ,kahya1 aft] ! spirits ( two anci5t k+s1 & to ^! spirits ! tw9s are consecrat$4 ,aft] be+ wa%$ & decorat$ !y are plac$ side by side 9 a w9n[+-basket & c>ri$ by ! wom5 ( ! family 9 procession ?r\gh ! village1 head$ by ! pr\d fa!r4 ,danc+ & s++ !y g to ! a%-heap ( ! village4 ,!re !y all rub !mselves ) a%es & p]=m ano!r dance4 ,aft] t1 /ill l$ by ! fa!r ( ! tw9s1 !y g to ! h\ses ( ! *ief p1 & 9 front ( ea* h\se ! fa!r dances1 :ile ! wom5 beat "t ) _! h&s4 ,:]ev] ! procession halts1 ! h\sehold] is expect$ to come & admire ! tw9s1 to complim5t ! fa!r1 & to deposit a small pres5t 9 ! w9n[+-basket4#hh ,among ! ,h]]o ( ,s\?-,we/ ,africa ! p>5ts ( tw9s are look$ on z sacr$1 & = a "t !y may n speak to any "o1 & no "o may speak to !m4 ,b aft] ! lapse ( "s days ! family goes ! r\nd ( ! village1 visit+ ?ree or f\r huts e day4 ,! fa!r ( ! tw9s sits d[n on ! "r side ( ! hut1 & ! inmates make him (f]+s ( beads1 ox51 & s =?4 ,:5 he has ?us gone ! r\nd ( ! village1 he repairs to ! neighb\r+ villages1 :]e ! same c]emonies are repeat$4 ,x is (t5 a ye> be=e he returns to 8 own village1 & :5 he does s he br+s back ) him a great quantity ( (f]+s4 ,h5ce=? ! fa!r ( ! tw9s enjoys all ! privileges ( a prie/ly *ief2 he may sacrifice at ! holy fire1 & he may repres5t & ev5 succe$ ! *ief 9 ! (fice ( prie/ = ! village4 ,! tw9s !mselves are eligible = ! same (fice4 ,if a *ief dies a natural dea?1 he is succe$$ 9 8 prie/ly function by 8 tw9 son2 :]eas ! *iefta9%ip passes to ! *ief's legal heir1 :o is prop]ly ! son ( 8 elde/ si/]1 & :o !nce=? assumes ! "n ( ! tw94 ,a tw9 is b\nd by no taboo2 he may eat ( all fle% (f]$ 9 sacrifice2 he may dr9k ( ! milk ( e holy c[1 j l ! *ief & ! prie/ !mselves4#hi #hf ,j4 ,m4 ,m4 van d] ,burgt1 ,dictionnaire ,francais-,kirundi 7,bois-le-,duc1 #aijc71 pp4 #cbd sq42 ,h4 ,mey]1 ,die ,b>undi 7,leipzig1 #aiaf71 pp4 #aaj sq4 #hg ,w4 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 i4 #bdb4 #hh ,colle1 ,les ,baluba 7,brussels1 #aiac71 i4 #bec-bee4 #hi ,j4 ,irle1 ,die ,h]]o 7,guet]sloh1 #aijf71 pp4 #if-ii4 ,9 ^! cases we are n told t tw9s & _! p>5ts are suppos$ to be end[$ ) a p[] ( multiply+ ! h]ds & g5]ally ( increas+ ! supply ( food by ! prolific influ5ce :i* !y diffuse ab\t !m2 b ! analogy ( ! cu/oms & beliefs ( ! ,bag&a conc]n+ ! bir? ( tw9s r5d]s ! supposition probable4 ,at lea/ on ?is hypo!sis we c readily und]/& ! r\nd ( visits :i* ! p>5ts1 or "o ( !m1 pay to ! surr\nd+ t[ns or villages1 & ! pres5ts :i* are made to !m4 ,if !y inde$ possess a p[] ( imp>t+ f]tility & abundance :]ev] !y g1 x is obvi\sly 9 ev]ybody's int]e/ to be visit$ by !m1 & cle>ly1 on ! same supposition1 x is ev]ybody's duty to make "s return to !m = ! wond]ful b5efits :i* !y h conf]r$4 ,simil>ly we may p]haps suppose t ! r\nds :i* ! ,areois w5t f isl& to isl&1 danc+1 s++1 & play+ _! tricks :]ev] !y /opp$1 7 believ$ to quick5 ! fruits ( ! e>?1 & possibly also to multiply ! pigs & ! fi%4 ,on t assumption1 ! unlimit$ "r :i* ^! vagabonds enjoy$ ( appropriat+ & consum+ ! produce ( ! g>d5s 0 probably accord$ to !m z a natural & prop] remun]ation = ! ine/imable s]vices :i* _! m]e pres5ce 0 believ$ to r5d] to ! crops4 ,! sexual excesses1 9 :i* !y appe> to h indulg$1 w\ld also be intelligible1 if x 0 imag9$ t1 on ! pr9ciple ( sympa!tic magic1 su* indulg5ces actually promot$ ! multiplication & gr[? ( plants & animals4 ,b ?is explanation ( ! extravagant rites obs]v$ by ! ,areois1 & ( ! qua9t beliefs ent]ta9$ conc]n+ !m1 is (f]$ only z an hypo!sis = :at x is wor?4 ,x may be wor? :ile not+ t among ! ,kpelle1 a tribe ( ,lib]ia 9 ,we/ ,africa1 !re is report$ to exi/ a ,secret ,society ( ,tw9s1#ij b :e!r x be>s any resemblance to ! ,society ( ! ,areois ,i d n "k4 #ij ,d4 ,we/]mann1 ,die ,kpelle1 e9 ,neg]/amm 9 ,lib]ia 7,goett+51 #aiba71 p4 #bbh4 ,a famili> figure ( ! ,polynesian pan!on1 :o meets u 9 ! my?ology ( ! ,society ,isl&]s1 0 ! fam\s god or h]o ,maui4 ,_m /ories ( 8 exploits 7 told 9 ! isl&s4 ,x is said t orig9ally ! sky lay flat ^u ! face ( ! e>? & ocean1 be+ held d[n by ! legs ( a huge cuttle-fi%4 ,b ,maui div$ into ! sea1 &1 grappl+ ) ! mon/]1 utt]ly dismemb]$ him2 :]eupon ! sky flew up & exp&$ into ! beautiful blue vault :i* we n[ see above u1 ) ! noonday sun = ! key/one ( ! ar*4#ia ,aga91 ! natives told h[1 "o day1 sitt+ 9 8 canoe1 ,maui let d[n 8 l9e ) a hook at ! end ( x & fi%$ up ! e>?1 :i* _h hi!rto la9 at ! bottom ( ! sea4#ib ,also he is said to h held ! sun ) ropes to prev5t him f go+ too fa/4#ic ,= x happ5$ t ,maui 0 h>d at "w1 build+ a temple1 :5 he p]ceiv$ t ! day 0 decl9+ & t ! night w\ld ov]take him be=e he _h accompli%$ 8 task2 s ha/ily tw9+ "s ropes ( coco-nut fibre1 he laid hold ( ! sun's rays & te!r$ !m by ! ropes to a tree1 s t ! sun c\ld n /ir till ,maui _h f9i%$ ! task he 0 at4#id ,fur!r1 ,maui is said to h inv5t$ ! mode ( k9dl+ fire by rubb+ ! po9t ( "o /ick 9 ! groove ( ano!r1#ie :i* 0 ! way 9 :i* ! ,society ,isl&]s regul>ly made fire4#if ,maui 0 also suppos$ to be ! cause ( e>?quakes4#ig ,9 ,tahiti a curi\s image ( ,maui 0 se5 & describ$ by ,capta9 ,cook4 ,x 0 ! figure ( a man1 con/ruct$ ( basket-"w1 rudely made1 b n ill-design$2 x 0 some?+ m ?an sev5 feet high1 & r too bulky 9 proportion to its height4 ,! wick] skeleton 0 completely cov]$ ) fea!rs1 :i* 7 :ite :]e ! sk9 0 to appe>1 & black 9 ! p>ts :i* x is _! cu/om to pa9t or /a91 & ^u ! head1 :]e !re 0 to be a repres5tation ( hair3 ^u ! head also 7 f\r protub]ances1 ?ree 9 front & "o beh9d1 :i* we %\ld h call$ horns1 b :i* ! ,indians dignifi$ ) ! "n ( ,tate ,ete1 little m54 ,! image 0 call$ ,manioe1 & 0 said to be ! only "o 9 ,otaheite4 ,!y attempt$ to give u an explanation ( its use & design1 b we _h n !n acquir$ en\gh ( _! language to und]/& !m4 ,we le>nt1 h[ev]1 aft]w>ds t x 0 a repres5tation ( ,mauwe1 "o ( _! ,eatuas1 or gods ( ! second class4#ih #ia ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #ebf4 #ib ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #ddi sq4 #ic ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #afg4 #id ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 ii4 #dj sq42 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 ii4 #agj sq4 #ie ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #ebf4 #if ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #ada2 ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #ceg2 ,j4 ,turnbull1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 p4 #cdi2 ,wallis1 9 ,r4 ,k]r's ,g5]al ,hi/ory & ,collection ( ,voyages & ,travels1 xii4 #bab2 id41 9 ,j4 ,hawkeswor?'s ,voyages1 i4 7,london1 #aggc7 p4 #dhc4 #ig ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ,obs]vations1 p4 #edj2 ,g4 ,=/]1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 ii4 #aea4 ,^! writ]s spell 8 "n ,o-,ma\we & ,o-mauwee4 #ih ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #aef sq4 ,besides ! high primaeval deities1 born ( ! ,night1 ! ,society ,isl&]s believ$ 9 a ho/ ( inf]ior div9ities1 _m ( :om 7 said to h be5 creat$ by ,ta>oa1 ! supreme god4 ,?us1 betwe5 ! high gods & ! deities ( p>ticul> places or ( p>ticul> pr(essions1 !re 0 a class ( int]m$iate deities1 :o 7 n suppos$ to h exi/$ f ! beg9n+ or to h be5 born ( ,night4 ,_! orig9 0 veil$ 9 obscurity1 b !y 7 (t5 describ$ z hav+ be5 r5[n$ m51 :o1 aft] dea?1 7 deifi$ by _! desc5dants4 ,!y all receiv$ ! homage ( ! p1 & on all public occasions 7 ackn[l$g$ among ! gods4#ii ,aga91 !re 7 _m gods ( ! sea1 among :om ! pr9cipal seem to h be5 ,tu>aatai & ,ruahatu4 ,^! 7 g5]ally call$ %>k gods 7atua mao71 n t ! %>k 0 itself deem$ a god1 b t x 0 suppos$ to be employ$ by ! m>9e gods z _! m9i/] ( v5geance4 ,x 0 only ! l>ge blue %>k :i* 0 believ$ to act 9 ?is capacity2 & x is said t ^! voraci\s creatures always sp>$ a %ipwreck$ prie/1 ev5 :5 !y dev\r$ 8 companions2 nay1 !y w\ld recognise a prie/ on bo>d any canoe1 come at 8 call1 & retire at 8 bidd+4 ,a prie/ ( "o ( ^! %>k gods told ,mr4 ,ellis t he or 8 fa!r _h be5 c>ri$ on ! back ( a %>k f ,raiatea to ,huah9e1 a di/ance ( tw5ty miles4 ,o!r gods 7 ?\ght to preside ov] ! fi%]ies1 & to direct ! %oals ( fi% to ! coa/s4 ,_! aid 0 invok$ by fi%]m5 be=e !y laun*$ _! canoes & :ile !y 7 busy at sea4 ,b ^! m>9e deities 7 n suppos$ by ! p to be ( equal antiquity ) ! great primordial gods1 born ( ! ,night 7atua fauau po74#ajj ,aga91 !re 7 gods ( ! air1 :o 7 sometimes wor%ipp$ "u ! figure ( birds4 ,! *ief ( ^! a]ial deities 7 ?\ght to be a bro!r & si/]1 :o dwelt ne> ! great rock1 :i* is ! f\ndation ( ! _w4 ,!re !y imprison$ ! /ormy w9ds1 b s5t !m =? f "t to "t to puni% su* z neglect$ ! wor%ip ( ! gods4 ,9 tempe/s _! compassion 0 bes\ght by m>9]s toss$ on ! sea or by _! fri5ds on %ore4#aja ,to ! m9ds ( ! isl&]s !re 7 also gods ( hill & dale1 ( precipice & rav9e4 ,by _! rude my?ology ea* lovely isl& 0 made a sort ( fairy-l&1 & ! spells ( en*antm5t 7 ?r[n ov] its v>i$ sc5es4444 ,! m\nta9's summit1 & ! fleecy mi/s t hang ^u its br[s--! rocky defile--! foam+ cat>act--& ! lonely dell--7 all reg>d$ z ! abode or resort ( ^! invisible be+s4#ajb #ii ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cbf sq4 ,z to ! inf]ior gods1 see also ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dea sqq4 #ajj ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cbg-cbi4 #aja ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cbi sq4 ,z to ! wor%ip ( birds1 ,capta9 ,cook says3 ,?is isl& ,tahiti inde$1 & ! re/ t lie ne> x1 h a p>ticul> bird1 "s a h]on & o!rs a k+'s fi%]1 to :i* !y pay a peculi> reg>d1 & conc]n+ :i* !y h "s sup]/iti\s notions ) respect to good & bad =tune1 z we h ( ! swall[ & rob9-r$brea/1 giv+ !m ! "n ( eatua1 & by no means kill+ or mole/+ !m2 yet !y nev] address a petition to !m1 or approa* !m ) any act ( adoration4 ,see ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #bbd4 #ajb ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cbi sq41 #cca4 ,! g5]al "n = god 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 z ?r\gh\t ,polynesia1 0 atua4#ajc ,! ^w 0 also appli$1 9 ! expression oramatuas or oromatuas1 to ! spirits ( dep>t$ relatives1 :o 7 also wor%ipp$ & rank$ among ! deities4#ajd ,to ^! we %all return pres5tly2 meantime x may n be out ( place to give "s notice ( ! wor%ip ( ! o!r gods1 s9ce 9 ! religion ( ! ,society ,isl&]s1 z ( o!r bran*es ( ! ,polynesian race1 x 0 closely int]wov5 ) ! wor%ip ( ! dead4 #ajc ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #ccc sq42 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #ddj sqq42 ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 pp4 #cj sq41 s4v4 atua4 ,capta9 ,cook & ! fir/ mission>ies spell$ ! ^w eatua or eatooa4 ,see ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #bba1 vi4 #adi2 ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #cdc4 #ajd ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cbd sq42 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #ded sq4 ,sec4 #d4 ,! ,temples & ,images ( ! ,gods ,! sacr$ place d$icat$ to religi\s wor%ip 0 call$ a morai1 or1 z x is also spell$1 a m>ai or m>ae1 :i* may be translat$ temple1 ?\gh all su* places 7 uncov]$ & op5 to ! sky4 ,! national temples1 :]e ! pr9cipal idols 7 deposit$1 consi/$ ( l>ge wall$ enclosures1 "s ( :i* conta9$ small] inn] c\rts4 ,! =m 0 frequ5tly t ( a squ>e or a p>allelogram1 ) sides =ty or fifty feet long4 ,! area 0 pav$ ) flat /ones1 & two sides ( x 7 enclos$ by a high /one wall1 :ile ! front 0 protect$ by a l[ f5ce1 & )9 rose 9 /eps or t]races a solid pyramidical /ructure built ( /one1 :i* usually =m$ "o ( ! n>r[ sides ( ! area1 ei!r at ! we/]n or at ! ea/]n end4 ,^! pyramids1 :i* 7 always truncat$ s z to =m a n>r[ plat=m or ridge on _! upp] surface1 7 ! mo/ /rik+ & *>act]i/ic feature ( ! morais2 inde$ ! "n morai or m>ae appe>s to h be5 sometimes conf9$1 at lea/ by ,european obs]v]s1 to ! pyramid4 ,9 front ( ! pyramid ! images 7 kept & ! alt>s fix$4 ,! h\ses ( ! prie/s & ( ! keep]s ( ! idols 7 erect$ )9 ! enclosure4#aje ,( ^! int]e/+ monum5ts1 :i* seem$ de/9$ to la/ = ages1 only a few insignificant ru9s survive2 ! re/ h be5 de/roy$1 *iefly at ! in/igation ( ! mission>ies4#ajf #aje ,w4 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 i4 #cci sqq4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #aeg sqq41 #bag1 #bai1 #bbj1 #bbb1 vi4 #cg1 sq41 #da2 ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ,obs]vations made dur+ a ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 pp4 #edc sqq42 ,g4 ,=/]1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 i4 #bfg1 ii4 #ach sq42 ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bjg sq41 #baa sq42 ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #bfg sq41 #bga1 #bhj sqq41 #edi1 ii4 #ac sq42 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dff-dgj2 ,a4 ,baessl]1 ,neue ,su$see-,bild]1 pp4 #aaa sqq42 ,s4 & ,k4 ,r\tl$ge1 ,notes on "s ,ar*aeological ,rema9s 9 ! ,society & ,au/ral ,isl&s1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 li4 7#aiba7 #dch sqq4 ,accord+ to ,j4 ,r4 ,=/] 7l4c471 ! m>ais 7morais1 m>aes7 consi/ ( a v l>ge pile ( /ones1 g5]ally 9 ! %ape ( an ,egyptian pyramid1 ) l>ge /eps2 sometimes ?is pyramid makes "o ( ! sides ( an area1 wall$ 9 ) squ>e /ones & pav$ ) flat /ones3 ! pyramid is n solid1 b ! inside is fill$ ) small] fragm5ts ( coral /ones4 #ajf ,a4 ,baessl]1 ,neue ,su$see-,bild]1 p4 #ace4 ,?is writ] has giv5 u a survey & description ( "s ( ! pr9cipal rema9s :i* exi/$ at ! end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 7pp4 #aaa-adh74 ,! ru9s ( two m>aes 9 ! isl& ( ,moorea are describ$ by ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,r\tl$ge 7l4c474 ,9 "o ( !m ! pyramid /ood at ! we/]n end ( ! enclosure1 & 9 ! o!r at ! ea/]n end4 ,"s ( ! pyramids erect$ )9 ^! sacr$ enclosures 7 ( great size4 ,9 ,tahiti an enorm\s "o 0 se5 & describ$ by ,capta9 ,cook z well z by lat] obs]v]s4 ,x 0 ( oblong %ape & measur$ two hundr$ & sixty-sev5 feet 9 l5g? by eighty-sev5 feet 9 wid?4 ,x rose 9 a s]ies ( elev5 /eps or t]races1 ea* f\r feet high1 s t ! total height ( ! /ructure 0 =ty-f\r feet4 ,ea* /ep 0 =m$ ( a s+le c\rse ( :ite coral /one1 neatly squ>$ & poli%$4 ,! /eps on ! long sides 7 broad] ?an ^? at ! ends1 s t at ! top x t]m9at$1 n 9 an oblong ( ! same figure z ! base1 b 9 a ridge l ! ro( ( a h\se4 ,! int]ior ( ! pyramid 0 solid1 be+ fill$ up ) r\nd pebbles :i*1 f ! regul>ity ( _! figure1 seem$ to h be5 wr\ght4 ,"s ( ! coral /ones 7 v l>ge2 "o ( !m 0 ?ree & a half feet long by two & a half feet wide4 ,! f\ndation ( ! pyramid 0 built n ( coral1 b ( :at ,capta9 ,cook call$ rock1 by :i* he probably meant a volcanic /one4 ,^! f\ndation /ones 7 also squ>$2 "o ( !m measur$ f\r feet sev5 in*es by two feet f\r in*es4 ,su* a /ructure1 says ,capta9 ,cook1 rais$ )\t ! assi/ance ( iron tools to %ape ! /ones1 or mort> to jo9 !m1 /ruck u ) a/oni%m5t3 x seem$ to be z compact & firm z x c\ld h be5 made by any workman 9 ,europe1 except t ! /eps :i* range along its greate/ l5g? are n p]fectly /rait1 b s9k 9 a k9d ( holl[ 9 ! middle1 s t ! :ole surface1 f end to end1 is n a "r l9e1 b a curve4 ,all ! /ones1 bo? rock & coral1 mu/ h be5 br\ght f a di/ance1 = !re 0 no qu>ry 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,! squ>+ ( ^! blocks ) /one tools mu/1 z ,capta9 ,cook obs]ves1 h be5 a "w ( incr$ible lab\r2 b ! poli%+ ( !m c\ld h be5 effect$ m easily by means ( ! %>p coral s&1 :i* is f\nd ev]y:]e on ! sea%ore 9 great abundance4 ,on ! top ( ! pyramid1 & ab\t ! middle1 /ood ! wood5 image ( a bird2 & ne> x lay ! image ( a fi% c>v$ 9 /one4 ,?is great pyramid =m$ "p ( "o side ( a spaci\s area1 ne>ly squ>e1 :i* measur$ ?ree hundr$ & sixty feet by ?ree hundr$ & fifty-f\r1 & 0 wall$ 9 ) /one z well z pav$ ) flat /ones 9 its :ole ext5t4 ,not)/&+ ! pavem5t1 sev]al trees 7 gr[+ )9 ! sacr$ enclosure4 ,ab\t a hundr$ y>ds to ! we/ 0 ano!r pav$ area or c\rt1 9 :i* 7 sev]al small /ages rais$ on wood5 pill>s ab\t sev5 feet high4 ,^! /ages ! natives call$ ewattas4 ,capta9 ,cook judg$ !m rightly to be alt>s1 obs]v+ t !y support$ :at appe>$ to be (f]+s 9 ! %ape ( provisions ( all sorts1 z well z :ole hogs & _m skulls ( hogs & dogs4#ajg #ajg ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #aeg-aei4 ,! great pyramid 0 aft]w>ds visit$ & describ$ by ! fir/ mission>ies4 ,_! measurem5ts confirm1 :ile slightly exce$+1 ^? ( ,capta9 ,cook4 ,!y speak1 h[ev]1 ( t5 /eps in/ead ( elev51 & say t ! l[e/ /ep 0 six feet high & ! re/ ab\t five4 ,see ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bjg sq41 ) ! plate4 ,! pyramids )9 ! sacr$ enclosure 7 n usually s l>ge or s l(ty4 ,9 ! isl& ( ,huah9e ! pyramid ( ! *ief god ,tani or ,tane 0 a hundr$ & tw5ty-f\r feet long by sixte5 feet broad1 & x _h only two /eps or /ories4 ,! l[] /ep or /ory 0 ab\t t5 feet high & fac$ ) blocks ( coral1 set on _! edges3 "s ( ^! blocks 7 z high z ! /ep itself4 ,! upp] /ep or /ory 0 simil>ly fac$ ) coral1 b 0 n m ?an ?ree feet high4 ,! int]ior ( bo? /ories 0 fill$ ) e>?4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! pr9cipal front /ood ! god's b$1 a /one plat=m tw5ty-f\r feet long by ?irte5 feet wide1 b only eighte5 in*es high4 ,! /yle & masonry ( ?is pyramid1 z well z its dim5sions1 appe> to h be5 v inf]ior to ^? ( ! great "o 9 ,tahiti4 ,! blocks 7 app>5tly unhewn & unpoli%$1 ! angles ill =m$1 & ! walls n /raight4 ,v5]able & magnific5t trees ov]%ad[$ ! sanctu>y4 ,"o ( !m measur$ fifte5 y>ds 9 gir? above ! roots4 ,x is said t ! god (t5 wi%$ to fly away1 b t 8 long tail always caught 9 ! b\ghs ( ?is giant tree & dragg$ him d[n to e>? aga94#ajh #ajh ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #bfe sq4 ,^! sacr$ pyramids 7 erect$ 9 any place1 & at any "t1 :5 ! prie/s requir$1 by ! slavi% p4 ,on su* occasions ! =m] ov]look$ ! latt] at _! "w1 & d5\nc$ ! mo/ t]rible judgm5ts ^u ^? :o 7 remiss at x4 ,! poor wret*es 7 ?us compell$ to f9i% _! tasks 7bur!nsome z !y (t5 71 9 heav+ blocks f ! sea1 dragg+ !m a%ore1 & heap+ !m "o ^u ano!r7 )\t eat+1 :i* w\ld h desecrat$ ! int5d$ sanctu>y4 ,to re/ra9 ! gnaw+s ( hung] !y b\nd girdles ( b>k r\nd _! bodies1 tight5+ ! ligatures f "t to "t1 z _! /oma*s %rank ) empt9ess4 ,&1 :5 ! drudg]y 0 done1 x 0 n uncommon = ! remorseless prie/s to seize "o ( ! mis]able build]s & sacrifice him to ! idol ( ! place4#aji #aji ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #ac sq4 ,temples ( ?is sort 7 f\nd scatt]$ ov] ! isl&s 9 e situation--on hill-tops1 on jutt+ headl&s1 & 9 ! recesses ( groves4#aaj ,!y v>i$ greatly 9 size3 "s 7 small & built 9 ! rude/ mann]1 m]e squ>es ( ill-%ap5 & ill-pil$ /ones4 ,9 ! isl& ( ,borabora ! mission>ies f\nd n less ?an two hundr$ & tw5ty ( ^! /ructures cr[d$ )9 an area only t5 miles 9 circumf]5ce4#aaa ,! trees t grew )9 ! sacr$ enclosure 7 sacr$4 ,!y compris$ p>ticul>ly ! tall cypress-l casu>9a & ! broad]-leav$ & m exub]ant callophyllum1 !spesia1 & c>dia4 ,_! int]lac+ b\ghs =m$ a ?ick umbrage\s cov]t1 :i* (t5 exclud$ ! rays ( ! sun2 & ! contra/ betwe5 ! bright gl>e ( a tropical day outside & ! sombre gloom 9 ! dep?s ( ! grove1 comb9$ ) ! sight ( ! gn>l$ trunks & twi/$ b\ghs ( ! ag$ trees1 & ! sigh+ ( ! w9d 9 ! bran*es1 to /rike a religi\s horror into ! m9d ( ! behold]4#aab ,! gr\nd :i* surr\nd$ ! temples 7morais7 0 sacr$ & af=d$ a sanctu>y = crim9als4 ,?i!r !y fl$ on any appreh5sion ( dang]1 especially :5 _m human sacrifices 7 expect$1 & !nce !y might n be torn by viol5ce1 ?\gh !y 7 sometimes s$uc$ f _! asylum by guile4#aac #aaj ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cda4 #aaa ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 ii4 #ac4 #aab ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cda sq4 #aac ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #cea4 ,^! rem>kable sanctu>ies 7 at once temples = ! wor%ip ( ! gods & burial-places = ! human dead4 ,on ?is comb9ation ( functions ,i h already adduc$ "s evid5ce2#aad b z ! po9t is important1 ,i w cite fur!r te/imonies z to ! cu/om ( bury+ ! dead 9 ^! enclosures4 #aad ,above1 pp4 #aaf sqq4 ,?us ,capta9 ,cook writes3 ,i mu/ m explicitly obs]ve t !re are two places 9 :i* ! dead are deposit$3 "o a k9d ( %$1 :]e ! fle% is suff]$ to putrefy2 ! o!r an enclosure1 ) erections ( /ones1 :]e ! bones are aft]w>ds buri$4 ,! %$s are call$ tupap[1 & ! enclosures morai4 ,! morais are also places ( wor%ip4#aae ,aga91 aft] describ+ h[ a dead body us$ to be plac$ 9 ! tempor>y h\se or %$ 7tupap[7 & left !re to decay = five moons1 ,capta9 ,cook tells u t :at rema9s ( ! body is tak5 d[n f ! bi]1 & ! bones1 hav+ be5 scrap$ & wa%$ v clean1 are buri$1 accord+ to ! rank ( ! p]son1 ei!r )9 or )\t a morai3 if ! deceas$ 0 an e>ee or *ief1 8 skull is n buri$ ) ! re/ ( ! bones1 b is wrapp$ up 9 f9e clo?1 & put 9 a k9d ( box made = t purpose1 :i* is also plac$ 9 ! morai4 ,?is c(f] is call$ e:>re no te orometua1 ! h\se ( a tea*] or ma/]4#aaf #aae ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #bag4 #aaf ,j4 ,cook1 op4 cit4 i4 #bai4 ,aga91 aft] describ+ ! human sacrifice :i* he witness$ at ! great morai at ,attahooroo1 9 ,tahiti1 ,capta9 ,cook proce$s z foll[s3 ,! morai 7:i*1 und\bt$ly1 is a place ( wor%ip1 sacrifice1 & burial at ! same "t71 :]e ! sacrifice 0 n[ (f]$1 is t :]e ! supreme *ief ( ! :ole isl& is always buri$1 & is appropriat$ to 8 family1 & "s ( ! pr9cipal p4 ,x diff]s little f ! common ones1 except 9 ext5t4 ,its pr9cipal "p is a l>ge oblong pile ( /ones1 ly+ loosely ^u ea* o!r1 ab\t twelve or f\rte5 feet high1 contract$ t[>d ! top1 ) a squ>e area on ea* side1 loosely pav$ ) pebble /ones1 "u :i* ! bones ( ! *iefs are buri$4444 ,! human sacrifices are buri$ "u diff]5t p>ts ( ! pavem5t4#aag #aag ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vi4 #cg4 ,aga91 ,capta9 ,cook tells u t aft] a battle ! victors us$ to collect all ! dead t _h fall5 into _! h&s & br+ !m to ! morai1 :]e1 ) mu* c]emony1 !y dug a hole & buri$ all ! bodies 9 x z s _m (f]+s to ! gods2 b ! skulls ( ! sla9 7 nev] aft]w>ds tak5 up4 ,_! own great *iefs :o fell 9 battle 7 treat$ 9 a diff]5t mann]4 ,capta9 ,cook 0 in=m$ t ! bodies ( ! late k+ & two *iefs1 :o 7 sla9 9 battle1 7 br\ght to ! morai at ,attahooroo4 ,!re ! prie/s cut out ! b[els ( ! corpses be=e ! great alt>1 & ! bodies 7 aft]w>ds buri$ at ?ree diff]5t spots 9 ! great pile ( /ones :i* =m$ ! mo/ conspicu\s feature ( ! morai4 ,common m5 :o p]i%$ 9 ! same battle 7 all buri$ 9 a s+le hole at ! foot ( ! pile4 ,! spots :]e ! bodies ( ! k+ & *iefs repos$ 7 po9t$ out to ,capta9 ,cook & 8 companions4#aah #aah ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vi4 #dj sq4 ,aga91 9 ! isl& ( ,tahiti1 ! naturali/ ,george ,=/]1 :o accompani$ ,capta9 ,cook1 saw a /one build+1 9 =m ( ! fru/um ( a pyramid1 con/ruct$ 9 t]races or /eps1 & measur+ ab\t tw5ty y>ds 9 l5g? at ! base4 ,?is ! native said 0 a bury+-place & place ( wor%ip1 m>ai1 & di/+ui%$ x by ! "n ( m>ai no-,aheatua1 ! bury+-place ( ,aheatua1 ! pres5t k+ ( ,ti>roboo4#aai #aai ,g4 ,=/]1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 i4 #bfg4 ,aga91 9 ! isl& ( ,huah9e1 ! mission>ies ,ty]man & ,b5net saw a pagan m>ae h>d by1 :]e ! sov]eigns ( ,huah9e 7 buri$--& :]e1 inde$1 !y lay 9 m ?an ori5tal /ate1 ea* "o re/+ 9 8 b$1 at ! foot ( ! ,sacr$ ,m\nta91 b5ea? ! umbrage ( ! magnific5t aoa tree1 & ne> ! bea* = ev] wa%$ by wat]s t roll r\nd ! _w4444 ,! great m>ae itself 0 d$icat$ to ,tani1 ! fa!r ( ! gods "h2 b ! :ole gr\nd adjac5t 0 m>k$ ) ! ve/iges ( small] m>aes--private places = wor%ip & family int]m5t--:ile ?is 0 ! capital ( ! isl& & ! headqu>t]s ( royalty & idolatry4#abj ,a little lat]1 speak+ ( ! same sacr$ place1 ! mission>ies obs]ve1 ,! fir/ m>ae t we visit$ 0 ! sepul*ral "o ( ! k+s ( ,huah9e1 = _m g5]ations4 ,x 0 an oblong inclosure1 =ty-five feet long by tw5ty broad1 f5c$ ) a /rong /one wall4 ,"h ! bodies ( ! deceas$1 accord+ to ! mann] ( ! c\ntry1 be+ b\nd up1 ) ! arms d\bl$ to _! %\ld]s1 ! legs b5t "u _! ?ighs & bo? =c$ upw>ds aga9/ ! abdom51 7 let d[n1 )\t c(f9s1 into a hole prep>$ = _! reception1 & j deep en\gh to all[ ! e>? to cov] _! heads4#aba #abj ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #bga4 #aba ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #bhj4 ,"o ( our be/ au?orities on ^! isl&s1 ,william ,ellis1 speaks ( ! m>aes 7morais71 :e!r !y belong$ to private families1 to di/ricts1 or to ! k+s1 z be+ ! g5]al depositories ( ! bones ( ! dep>t$1 ^: bodies _h be5 embalm$2 & z a motive = ! practice he alleges ! sanctity :i* atta*$ to ^! places1 & :i* might naturally be suppos$ to gu>d ! graves aga9/ impi\s & malici\s violation4#abb ,h[ev]1 ! fir/ mission>ies say ( ! isl&]s t !y bury none 9 ! morai1 b ^? (f]$ 9 sacrifice1 or sla9 9 battle1 or ! *ildr5 ( *iefs :i* h be5 /rangl$ at ! bir?--an act ( atroci\s inhumanity too common4#abc ,accord+ to ,mo]5h\t1 ! m>ais 7morais7 belong+ to private families 7 (t5 us$ z cemet]ies2 b 9 ! public m>ais none b ! human victims1 & sometimes ! prie/s1 7 int]r$4#abd ,?us !re is to "s ext5t a conflict ( te/imony betwe5 our au?orities on ! subject ( burial 9 ! temples4 ,b ! evid5ce :i* ,i h adduc$ seems to r5d] x probable t _m at lea/ ( ! morais s]v$ z burial-gr\nds = k+s & *iefs ( high degree1 & ev5 = common m5 :o _h fall5 fight+ 9 ! s]vice ( _! c\ntry4 #abb ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #dje4 ,see above1 pp4 #aag sq4 #abc ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #cfd4 #abd ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dgj4 ,9 m rec5t ye>s ! ,g]man travell]1 ,ar?ur ,baessl]1 :o exam9$ & describ$ ! exi/+ ru9s ( ^! sacr$ edifices1 d5i$ t ! m>aes 7morais7 7 places ( burial1 :ile he all[$ t !y 7 places ( wor%ip4#abe ,he di/+ui%$ a m>ae f an ahu1 admitt+ at ! same "t t !y closely resembl$ ea* o!r1 bo? 9 _! /ructure & 9 ! ritual celebrat$ at !m4#abf ,accord+ to him1 a m>ae 0 a sort ( dome/ic *apel1 ! possession ( :i* con/itut$ ! mo/ di/9ctive m>k ( a noble family4 ,e *ief1 high or l[1 _h "o ( !m & took rank accord+ to its antiquity4#abg ,x 0 an oblong area1 op5 to ! sky & enclos$ by walls on ?ree sides & by a pyramid on ! f\r?3 walls & pyramid alike 7 built ( blocks ( /one or coral4#abh ,! ahu1 on ! o!r h&1 0 a monum5t erect$ to ! memory ( a di/+ui%$ *ief1 ^: mortal rema9s 7 deposit$ 9 x4 ,b ap>t f ! grave :i* x conta9$1 ! ahu1 accord+ to ,baessl]1 h>dly diff]$ f a m>ae1 ?\gh x 0 mo/ly l>g]3 x 0 a great wall$ enclosure ) a pyramid1 alt>s1 & h\ses ( ! prie/s4 ,& ! ritual celebrat$ 9 ! ahu resembl$ ! ritual p]=m$ 9 ! m>ae3 !re1 too1 ! fai?ful assembl$ to pray1 & !re ! prie/s recit$ ! same liturgy4#abi ,?us bo? ! =m &1 to "s ext5t at lea/1 ! function ( ! two types ( sanctu>y pres5t$ a close simil>ity4 ,! isl&]s !mselves1 x appe>s1 d n always cle>ly di/+ui% !m at ! pres5t day4#acj ,& ! s+le di/9ction on :i* ,baessl] insi/$1 t ! dead 7 buri$ 9 ! ahu b n 9 ! m>ae1 seems n to hold good univ]sally1 ev5 on ,baessl]'s own %[+4 ,= he admits t1 if ev] a *ief 0 buri$ 9 8 own m>ae1 x mu/ h be5 9 mo/ exceptional cases1 b probably /atem5ts to t effect re/ only on a confusion ( ! m>ae ) ! ahu2 su* a practice w\ld also run c\nt] to ! habits ( ! natives1 :o s\ght ! mo/ secret places = _! dead1 & c]ta9ly conceal$ ! heads 9 caves difficult ( access & unkn[n to o!rs4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! m>aes ( humbl] families may m frequ5tly1 if n z a rule1 h s]v$ z places ( burial4#aca ,& ev5 9 reg>d to ! holie/ m>ae1 d$icat$ to ! great god ,oro1 9 ! isl& ( ,raiatea1#acb ,baessl] himself cites a tradition1 app>5tly well au!nticat$1 t a great numb] ( w>riors sla9 9 battle 7 buri$ 9 x4#acc ,! argum5t t ! p buri$ _! dead1 or at all ev5ts _! skulls1 only 9 remote caves among ! m\nta9s seems unt5able2 = accord+ to ! evid5ce ( e>li] writ]s ! practice ( conceal+ ! bones or ! skulls ( ! dead 9 caves 0 g5]ally1 if n always1 a precaution adopt$ 9 "t ( w>1 to prev5t ^! sacr$ relics f fall+ into ! h&s ( invad]s2 ! regul> cu/om seems to h be5 to bury ! bones 9 or ne> ! m>ae & to keep ! skulls ei!r !re or 9 ! h\se4#acd ,on ! :ole1 !n1 x is p]haps saf] to foll[ e>li] &1 f ! nature ( ! case1 bett]-in=m$ writ]s 9 neglect+ ! di/9ction :i* ,baessl] drew betwe5 a m>ae 7morai7 & an ahu4 ,9 any case we h ,baessl]'s te/imony t an ahu 0 at once a place ( burial & a place ( wor%ip4 ,!re seems to be no evid5ce t any ( ^! sacr$ edifices1 :e!r m>aes or ahus1 7 associat$ ) a wor%ip ( ! sun4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is c]ta9 t "s at lea/ ( !m 7 d$icat$1 p>tly or *iefly1 to a cult ( ! dead1 :i* =m$ a v important elem5t 9 ! religion ( ! ,society ,isl&]s1 :]eas !re is little or no?+ to %[ t !y ador$ ei!r ! sun1 or any o!r ( ! heav5ly bodies1 ) ! possible exception ( ! moon4#ace ,?is did n1 h[ev]1 prev5t !m f ent]ta9+ absurd notions conc]n+ ^! great lum9>ies4 ,at an eclipse !y imag9$ t ! moon or ! sun 0 be+ swall[$ by "s god :om !y _h (f5d$2 & on su* occasions !y repair$ to ! temple & (f]$ pray]s & lib]al pres5ts to ! deity = ! purpose ( induc+ him to disgorge ! lum9>y4#acf #abe ,a4 ,baessl]1 ,neue ,su$see-,bild]1 pp4 #aaf sq41 #abg sq41 #add sq4 #abf ,a4 ,baessl]1 op4 cit4 pp4 #acj1 #aca4 #abg ,a4 ,baessl]1 op4 cit4 p4 #aai4 #abh ,a4 ,baessl]1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aag sq4 #abi ,a4 ,baessl]1 op4 cit4 pp4 #acj sq4 #acj ,a4 ,baessl]1 op4 cit4 p4 #adj4 #aca ,a4 ,baessl]1 op4 cit4 p4 #abg4 #acb ,a4 ,baessl]1 op4 cit4 pp4 #abd1 #ada4 #acc ,a4 ,baessl]1 op4 cit4 pp4 #abg sq41 #add sq4 #acd ,see bel[1 p4 #caa4 #ace ,ellis says1 ,i am n aw>e t !y r5d]$ div9e homage ei!r to ! sun or moon 7,polynesian ,rese>*es1 iii4 #aga74 ,speak+ ( ! ,areois1 ,mo]5h\t says t x seems to me cle> t ?\gh !y did n adore directly ! sun & ! o!r />s1 nev]!less _! wor%ip 0 little else ?an sabeism or ! adoration ( ! visible & animat$ univ]se 7op4 cit4 i4 #ejc74 ,he int]pret$ bo? ,oro & ,maui or ,mah\i 7z he spells ! "n7 z ! sun-god 7op4 cit4 i4 #dhd1 #ejb1 #ejc1 #efj sq472 b ^! int]pretations appe> to be 8 own guesses1 unsupport$ by any /atem5t ( ! natives4 ,maui 0 ! great ,polynesian h]o1 "o ( ^: mo/ fam\s exploits 0 cat*+ ! sun 9 a sn>e & compell+ him to move m sl[ly 7,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 pp4 #bcd sqq41 s4v4 ,maui2 see above1 p4 #bge72 b ?is /ory1 f> f fav\r+ ! id5tification ( ,maui ) ! sun1 seems fatal to x4 ,accord+ to ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ! great god ,t>oa 7,ta>oa7 0 ?\ght to h creat$ ! sun & to dwell 9 x 7,obs]vations1 p4 #edj72 b ev5 if ?is /atem5t is correct1 x h>dly implies a wor%ip ( ! sun4 ,) reg>d to ! moon1 ! same writ] tells u 7l4c47 t x 0 suppos$ to be procreat$ by a goddess nam$ ,o-,he5a1 :o presides 9 ! black cl\d :i* appe>s 9 ?is lum9>y2 & ! /atem5t is repeat$ by 8 son1 ,george ,=/]1 :o adds3 ,! wom5 s+ a %ort c\plet1 :i* seems to be an act ( adoration paid to t div9ity ,o-,he5a1 p]haps because !y suppose h] to h "s influ5ce ^u _! physical oeconomy4444 ',! cl\d )9 ! moon1 t cl\d ,i love' 7,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 ii4 #aeb74 ,?is s f> seems to imply a rev]5ce = ! moon2 & !re are "s gr\nds = ?9k+ t ,o-,he5a or ,h9a 7z ! "n is usually spelt7 0 9 ,ea/]n ,polynesia a moon-goddess4 ,see above1 p4 #bfg1 note#b4 #acf ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cca sq41 iii4 #aga4 ,accord+ to ano!r acc\nt1 ! sun & moon 9 eclipse 7 suppos$ to be 9 ! act ( copulation4 ,see ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #cdf4 ,temples su* z h be5 describ$ 7 erect$ on all important occasions1 su* z a w>1 a decisive victory1 or ! in/allation ( a great *ief or k+ ( a :ole isl&4 ,9 ^! latt] cases ! natives boa/$ t ! numb] ( p]sons pres5t 0 s great t1 if ea* ( !m only br\ght a s+le /one1 ! am\nt ( /ones ?us collect$ w\ld h suffic$ to build _! l>ge/ temples & pyramids4#acg ,"o ( ! occasions :5 x became necess>y to build new temples 0 :5 ! old ones _h be5 ov]?r[n by enemies 9 w>4 ,aft] su* a desecration x 0 cu/om>y to p]=m a c]emony = ! purpose ( purify+ ! l& f ! defilem5t :i* x _h incurr$ ?r\gh ! deva/ations ( ! foe1 :o _h1 p]haps1 demoli%$ ! temples1 de/roy$ or mutilat$ ! idols1 & burn$ ) fire ! curi\sly c>v$ pieces ( wood :i* m>k$ ! sacr$ places ( int]m5t & repres5t$ ! spirits ( ! dead 7tiis74 ,be=e ! rite ( purification 0 p]=m$ ! temples 7 rebuilt1 new alt>s re>$1 new images plac$ )9 ! sacr$ prec9cts1 & new wood5 effigies set up ne> ! graves4 ,at ! close ( ! rites 9 ! new temples1 ! wor%ipp]s repair$ to ! sea%ore1 :]e ! *ief prie/ (f]$ a %ort pray] & ! p dragg$ a net ( coco-nut leaves ?r\gh a %all[ "p ( ! sea1 usually deta*+ small pieces ( coral1 :i* !y br\ght a%ore4 ,^! 7 call$ fi% & 7 deliv]$ to ! prie/1 :o convey$ !m to ! temple & deposit$ !m on ! alt>1 (f]+ at ! same "t a pray] to induce ! gods to cleanse ! l& f pollution1 t x might be z pure z ! coral fre% f ! sea4 ,x 0 n[ ?\ght safe to abide on ! soil & to eat ( its produce1 :]eas if ! c]emony _h n be5 p]=m$1 dea? w\ld h be51 9 ! op9ion ( ! p1 ! consequ5ce ( p>tak+ ( fruits gr[n on ! defil$ l&4#ach #acg ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dfh4 #ach ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cdh sq4 ,! temples 7 sacr$4 ,:5 a man approa*$ "o ( !m to wor%ip or to br+ 8 (f]+ to ! alt>1 he b>$ 8 body to ! wai/ 9 sign ( rev]5ce & humility4#aci ,wom5 9 g5]al might n ent] a temple1 b :5 _! pres5ce 0 indisp5sable = c]ta9 c]emonies1 ! gr\nd 0 cov]$ ) clo?1 on :i* !y walk$1 le/ !y %\ld defile ! holy place ) _! feet4#adj ,= example1 "s six weeks or two mon?s aft] ! bir? ( a *ild ! fa!r & "m took ! *ild to a temple1 :]e !y bo? (f]$ _! blood to ! gods by cutt+ _! heads ) %>k's tee? & all[+ ! blood to drip on leaves1 :i* !y laid on ! alt>4 ,on ?is occasion ! husb& spread a clo? on ! floor ( ! temple = 8 wife to tread ^u1 = %e might n /ep on ! gr\nd or ! pavem5t4#ada ,simil>ly at m>riage bride & bridegroom visit$ ! family temple 7m>ae1 morai71 :]e ! skulls ( _! ance/ors 7 br\ght out & plac$ be=e !m2 b a l>ge :ite clo? _h to be spread out on ! pavem5t = ! bride to walk ^u4 ,sometimes at ^! m>riage rites ! female relatives cut _! faces & br[s ) %>k's tee?1 caught ! fl[+ blood on clo?1 & deposit$ ! clo?1 spr9kl$ ) ! m+l$ blood ( ! mo!rs ( ! m>ri$ pair1 at ! feet ( ! bride4#adb ,at o!r times ! "m ( ! bride ga%$ h] own p]son cruelly ) a %>k's too?1 & hav+ fill$ a coco-nut bas9 ) ! blood :i* fl[$ f h] w\nds1 %e pres5t$ x to ! bridegroom1 :o imm$iately ?rew x f him4#adc ,:ile c]ta9 fe/ivals 7 be+ celebrat$ at ! temples ! exclusion ( wom5 f !m 0 /ill m rigid4 ,?us 9 ! isl& ( ,huah9e1 dur+ ! celebration ( ! great annual fe/ival1 at :i* all ! idols ( ! isl& 7 br\ght f _! v>i\s %r9es to ! pr9cipal temple to be clo!d ) new dresses & ornam5ts1 no woman 0 all[$ to approa* any ( ! sacr$ edifices "u pa9 ( dea?1 :i* 0 in/antly inflict$ by :oev] witness$ ! sacrilege4 ,ev5 if ! wives & *ildr5 ( ! prie/s !mselves came )9 a c]ta9 di/ance1 :ile "s p>ticul> s]vices 7 go+ on1 !y 7 murd]$ on ! spot by _! husb&s & fa!rs ) ! utmo/ f]ocity4#add #aci ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #bbd2 ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ,obs]vations made dur+ a ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 p4 #edg2 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dfi4 ,else:]e 7vi4 #adi7 ,capta9 ,cook m5tions t ! b>+ ( ! body on ! approa* to a temple 0 especially incumb5t on wom51 :o o!rwise _h to make a consid]able circuit to avoid ! sacr$ edifice4 #adj ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dfi sq42 ,a4 ,baessl]1 ,neue ,su$see-,bild]1 pp4 #abf sq4 #ada ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #ecf sq4 #adb ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bga sq4 #adc ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #eeh4 #add ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #bfg sq4 ,"s ( ^! sacr$ edifices are /ill impressive 9 _! ru9s & des]ve ! "n ( megali?ic monum5ts4 ,?us ! temple 7m>ae1 morai7 ( ,oro at ,opoa1 :i* 0 ! holie/ temple 9 ! isl& ( ,raiatea & p]haps 9 ! ,society ,isl&s g5]ally1#ade is ab\t a hundr$ & ?irty-eight feet long by tw5ty-six feet broad4 ,x is enclos$ by a wall ( gigantic coral blocks /&+ side by side to a height ( ab\t six feet sev5 in*es4 ,! blocks h be5 hewn f ! inn] reef2 ! out] surfaces 7 smoo!d1 ! inn] left r\gh4 ,"o ( ! blocks /&s ov] elev5 feet high1 )\t reckon+ ! "p conceal$ by ! soil2 x is twelve feet wide1 by two & a half feet ?ick4 ,ano!r block is ab\t t5 feet long by eight feet broad & "o foot ?ick4#adf ,9 ! ru9$ temple ( ,ta9uu1 situat$ 9 ! di/rict ( ,tevaitoa1 "o block is ab\t elev5 & a half feet high by elev5 feet wide1 ) a ?ickness v>y+ f tw5ty in*es to two & a half feet4#adg #ade ,a4 ,baessl]1 ,neue ,su$see-,bild]1 pp4 #abd1 #ada2 ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #ebi sq4 #adf ,a4 ,baessl]1 op4 cit4 p4 #adb4 #adg ,a4 ,baessl]1 op4 cit4 p4 #adf4 ,! idols or images ( ! gods 7 usually made ( wood1 b sometimes ( /one4 ,"s 7 rudely c>v$ 9 human %ape2 o!rs 7 r\gh unpoli%$ logs1 wrapp$ 9 _m folds ( clo? or cov]$ ) a matt+ ( coco-nut fibre4#adh ,! image ( ! god ,oro 0 a /raight log ( casu>9a wood1 six feet long1 unc>v$1 b decorat$ ) fea!rs4 ,on ! o!r h& ,ta>oa1 ! supreme deity ( ,polynesia1 0 repres5t$ by a rudely c>v$ human figure ab\t f\r feet high1 ) a numb] ( little images /udd+ 8 body to indicate ! multitude ( gods t _h proce$$ f him z creator4 ,! body ( ! god 0 holl[1 & :5 x 0 tak5 f ! temple1 :]e x _h be5 wor%ipp$ = _m g5]ations1 x 0 f\nd to conta9 a numb] ( small idols 9 ! cavity4 ,x is suppos$ t ^! petty gods _h be5 plac$ !re by _! wor%ipp]s & own]s t !y might absorb "s ( ! sup]natural p[]s ( ! great] div9ity be=e be+ remov$ to ! places :]e !y 7 to comm5ce deities on _! own acc\nt4#adi ,) a simil> int5tion x 0 cu/om>y to fill ! inside ( ! holl[ images ) r$ fea!rs 9 ord] t ! plumes might be impregnat$ ) ! div9e influ5ce & might aft]w>ds diffuse x = ! b5efit ( ! own] ( ! fea!rs1 :o _h plac$ !m 9 ! image = t purpose4 ,! r$ fea!rs1 pluck$ f a small bird :i* is f\nd 9 _m ( ! isl&s1 ?us became an ord9>y m$ium = communicat+ & ext5d+ sup]natural p[]s1 n only 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 b ?r\gh\t ,polynesia4 ,! beautiful long tail-fea!rs ( ! tropic or man-(-w> bird 7 us$ = ! same purpose4 ,! gods 7 suppos$ to be v fond ( ^! fea!rs & ready to imp>t _! bless$ ess5ce to !m4 ,h5ce p br\ght ! fea!rs to ! prie/ & receiv$ f him 9 ex*ange two or ?ree :i* _h be5 sanctifi$ 9 ! /oma* ( ! deity2 on extract+ !m f t receptacle1 ! prie/ pray$ to ! god t he w\ld cont9ue to inhabit ! r$ fea!rs ev5 :5 !y 7 deta*$ f 8 div9e p]son4#aej ,! fea!rs ?us consecrat$ 7 !mselves reg>d$ z 9 "s s5se div9e & 7 call$ gods 7atuas1 oromatuas72 ! p _h great confid5ce 9 _! sov]eign virtue1 & on occasions ( dang] !y s\ght !m out1 believ+ t ! m]e pres5ce ( ! fea!rs w\ld af=d !m adequate protection4 ,= example1 :5 !y 7 ?reat5$ by a /orm at sea1 !y w\ld hold out ! fea!rs to ! m5ac+ cl\ds & comm& !m to dep>t4#aea #adh ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #ccg sq42 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dga4 ,accord+ to ,ellis1 ! wood5 images 7 made f ! durable timb] ( ! aito or casu>9a tree1 & ! /one images 7 mo/ly rude unc>v$ angul> columns ( basalt1 ( v>i\s sizes1 ?\gh "s 7 ( calc>e\s or silice\s /one4 ,"s /one images1 h[ev]1 7 rudely c>v$ 9 human =m4 ,see ,a4 ,baessl]1 ,neue ,su$see-,bild]1 pp4 #abh sq4 #adi ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #ced4 #aej ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cch sq42 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dga sqq4 #aea ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dgc sq4 ,sec4 #e4 ,! ,sacrifices1 ,prie/s1 & ,sacr$ ,record]s ,! (f]+s pres5t$ to ! gods includ$ e k9d ( valuable prop]ty1 su* z birds1 fi%1 bea/s1 ! fruits ( ! e>? & ! *oice/ native manufactures4 ,! fruits & o!r eatables 7 g5]ally1 b n always1 dress$4 ,portions ( ! f[ls1 pigs1 or fi%1 cook$ ) sacr$ fire 9 ! temple1 7 pres5t$ to ! deity2 ! rema9d] furni%$ a banquet = ! prie/s & o!r sacr$ p]sons1 :o 7 privileg$ to eat ( ! sacrifices4 ,! portions appropriat$ to ! gods 7 plac$ on ! alt> & left !re till !y decay$4 ,9 ! public temples ! great alt>s 7 wood5 /ages1 "s eight or t5 feet high1 support$ on a numb] ( wood5 po/s1 :i* 7 sometimes curi\sly c>v$ & poli%$4 ,b !re 7 also small] alt>s 9 ! temples2 "s ( !m 7 l r\nd tables1 re/+ on a s+le po/4 ,dome/ic alt>s & su* z 7 erect$ ne> ! bodies ( dead fri5ds 7 small squ>e /ructures ( wick]-"w4 ,9 sacrific+ pigs !y 7 v anxi\s n to break a bone or disfigure ! animal4 ,h5ce !y us$ to /rangle ! animal or ble$ x to dea?4#aeb #aeb ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cdd sq4 ,human victims 7 sacrific$ on _m occasions1 z 9 "t ( w>1 at great national fe/ivals1 dur+ ! illness ( _! rul]s1 & at ! build+ ( a temple4 ,william ,ellis 0 told t ! f\ndations ( "s ( _! sacr$ edifices 7 laid 9 human sacrifices1 & t at lea/ ! c5tral pill>1 :i* support$ ! ro( ( "o ( ! sacr$ h\ses at ,maeva1 _h be5 plant$ on ! body ( a man4 ,! victims 7 ei!r captives tak5 9 w> or p]sons :o _h r5d]$ !mselves obnoxi\s to ! *iefs or ! prie/s4 ,9 ! te*nical language ( ! prie/s !y 7 call$ fi%4 ,:5 once a man _h be5 *os5 = sacrifice1 ! family to :i* he belong$ 0 reg>d$ z taboo or devot$ to ! alt>1 & :5 ano!r victim 0 want$1 he 0 m frequ5tly tak5 f t family ?an f any o!r4 ,simil>ly1 a di/rict :i* _h once furni%$ victims 0 !nce=? devot$4 ,h5ce1 at ! approa* ( c]emonies :i* 7 usually accompani$ by human sacrifices1 ! memb]s ( c]ta9 families & ! inhabitants ( c]ta9 di/ricts us$ to flee to ! m\nta9s & hide 9 caves till ! c]emony 0 ov]4 ,b ! doom$ man 0 seldom appris$ ( 8 fate be=eh&4 ,a sudd5 bl[ ) a club or a /one on ! nape ( ! neck 0 ! usual way ( despat*+ him1 le/ ! body %\ld be mangl$ or a bone brok54 ,if ! bl[ _h only /unn$ him1 he 0 soon kill$1 & ! corpse1 plac$ 9 a long basket ( coco-nut leaves1 0 c>ri$ to ! temple & (f]$ to ! god by be+ set be=e ! idol4 ,9 d$icat+ x ! prie/ took out "o ( ! eyes & h&$ x on a leaf to ! k+1 :o made z if he w\ld swall[ x1 b pass$ x on to a prie/ or att5dant4 ,aft] ! c]emony ! body1 /ill wrapt 9 coco-nut leaves1 0 (t5 deposit$ on ! bran*es ( a neighb\r+ tree1 :]e x rema9$ "s "t4 ,f9ally1 ! bones 7 tak5 d[n & buri$ "u ! pavem5t ( ! temple 7m>ae74#aec #aec ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cde-cdh4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 iii4 #afh sqq4 vi4 #bh-da2 ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 pp4 #cej sq42 ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #edi1 ii4 #ch sq4 ,9 ! family1 accord+ to patri>*al usage1 ! fa!r 0 ! prie/1 b ! prie/s ( ! national temples =m$ a di/9ct class2 _! (fice 0 h]$it>y4 ,! high prie/hood 0 (t5 held by a memb] ( ! royal family1 & sometimes ! k+ himself act$ z ! national prie/4 ,! duties ( ! prie/s 7 to recite pray]s1 to pres5t (f]+s1 & to sacrifice victims4 ,_! pray]s1 usually utt]$ 9 %rill1 *ant+ tones1 7 (t5 exce$+ly long & full ( repetitions4#aed ,!y _h pl5ty ( employm5t1 be+ call$ 9 to (ficiate on all occasions1 :e!r at bir? or at dea?1 at fea/s or 9 sickness2 = !y 7 ! physicians z well z ! cl]gy ( ! c\ntry4 ,!y pr(ess$ to possess extraord9>y p[]s1 su* z to promote conception or to effect abortion1 to cause or to heal disease1 to pray ! evil _s into food1 & ev5 to kill m5 outright4 ,h5ce !y 7 greatly fe>$4#aee ,( ! little k t exi/$ 9 ! isl&s ! prie/s are report$ to h possess$ ! l>ge/ %>e1 b x consi/$ *iefly 9 an acqua9tance ) ! names & ranks ( ! v>i\s subord9ate deities 7atuas72 h[ev]1 accord+ to ,capta9 ,cook1 !y excell$ ! re/ ( ! p 9 _! k ( navigation & a/ronomy3 inde$1 ! v "n = prie/ 7tah[a7 signifi$ no?+ m ?an a man ( k4#aef ,9 ! isl& ( ,huah9e ! prie/ ^: duty x 0 to c>ry ! image ( ! god ,tani 7,tane7 0 a p]sonage ( su* sup]human sanctity t ev]y?+ :i* he t\*$ became sacr$2 he 01 !re=e1 n suff]$ to m>ry1 z ! hon\r ( be+ 8 wife 0 too mu* = any mortal woman4 ,b ?is 0 n all2 he w\ld himself be s defil$ by su* a connection t he w\ld be disqualifi$ = 8 (fice1 & mu/ imm$iately resign x2 nay1 if he did n rep5t1 & return ) a great peace-(f]+ to ,tani's h\se1 he might expect to be fir/ /ruck bl9d1 & aft]w>ds /rangl$ 9 8 sleep4 ,he 0 n all[$ to climb a cocoa tree1 because1 if he did1 x w\ld be s hall[$ t nobody else dur/ aft]w>ds asc5d x4#aeg #aed ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cdb sq4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ,obs]vations made dur+ a ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 pp4 #ede sqq42 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dgd sqq4 #aee ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #cdh4 #aef ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #bbc4 #aeg ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #bgi4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important functions ( ! prie/s 0 to act z m\?pieces ( ! gods4 ,9 ! dis*>ge ( ?is duty !y 7 believ$ to be inspir$ & possess$ by ! deity1 :o spoke ?r\gh !m to ! p4 ,:5 ! "t came = !m to consult ! god1 !y assum$ an odd fanta/ic dress1 enri*$ ) r$ & black fea!rs1 to :i* ! deity 0 s p>tial1 t :5 ! prie/s approa*$ him 9 ?is array1 he desc5d$ to e>? at _! call 9 "o ( ! sacr$ birds t frequ5t$ ! temples 7morais7 & f$ on ! sacrifices4 ,z soon z ! bird light$ on ! sacr$ edifice1 ! god left ! f[l & ent]$ into ! prie/4 ,! holy man1 ?us inspir$1 n[ /ret*$ himself1 yawn$1 & rubb$ 8 arms1 legs1 & body1 :i* began to be inflat$1 z if ! sk9 ( ! abdom5 w\ld bur/2 ! eyes ( ! se] 7 ?r[n into v>i\s contortions1 n[ />+ wide1 n[ half-%ut & s9k+ into /upor1 :ile at o!r times ! :ole frame 0 convuls$ & appe>$ to h und]gone a sudd5 & surpris+ *ange4 ,! voice sank to a l[ pit*1 & grew squeaky & brok52 b at times x w\ld sudd5ly rise to an a/oni%+ height4 ,! words utt]$ by ! possess$ man 7 reg>d$ z oracul>1 & no?+ t he ask$ = ! god or = himself 9 ?is /ate 0 ev] refus$ him4 ,( all ?is ! prie/ himself affect$ to be entirely unaw>e1 b a colleague 0 regul>ly at h& to record ! div9e message & ! div9e requirem5ts1 :i* 7 (t5 v l>ge4 ,:5 ! deity took 8 dep>ture f ! prie/1 he did s ) su* convulsions & viol5ce z to leave ! man ly+ motionless & exhau/$ on ! gr\nd1 & ! oracle 0 s tim$ t ?is happ5$ at ! v mom5t :5 ! sacr$ bird1 ! vehicle ( ! god1 flew away f ! temple4 ,on com+ to himself ! prie/ utt]$ a l\d %riek & seem$ to wake z f a pr(\nd sleep1 unconsci\s ( ev]y?+ t _h pass$4#aeh ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! prie/ cont9u$ to be possess$ by ! deity = two or ?ree days2 at su* times he wore a piece ( native clo?1 ( a peculi> sort1 r\nd "o arm z a sign ( 8 inspiration4 ,8 acts dur+ ?is p]iod 7 deem$ to be ^? ( ! god2 h5ce ! greate/ att5tion 0 paid to 8 expressions & to ! :ole ( 8 deportm5t4 ,inde$1 s long z ! fit ( inspiration la/$ he 0 call$ a god 7atua72 b :5 x 0 ov]1 he resum$ 8 ord9>y title ( prie/4#aei #aeh ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 pp4 #cdi sq4 #aei ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cgc-cge4 ,we are told t 9 8 f9e fr5zy ! prie/ (t5 roll$ on ! e>?1 foam+ at ! m\?1 z if lab\r+ "u ! influ5ce ( ! div9ity1 by :om he 0 possess$1 &1 9 %rill cries1 & viol5t & (t5 indi/9ct s\nds1 reveal$ ! w ( ! god4#afj ,x w\ld probably be a mi/ake to assume t on su* occasions ! frantic behavi\r 0 delib]ately assum$ & ! wild :irl+ words 7 consci\sly utt]$ = ! purpose ( deceiv+ ! p2 9 %ort1 t ! :ole p]=mance 0 a m]e piece ( act+1 a b>e-fac$ impo/ure4 ,x is f> m likely t1 br$ f *ildhood to believe 9 ! reality ( div9e inspiration1 ! prie/ (t5 s9c]ely imag9$ himself to be possess$ by a deity1 & t1 "u ! excitem5t :i* su* an imag9ation 0 calculat$ to produce1 he hone/ly mi/ook 8 own ?ick-com+ fancies = a revelation f ! gods4 ,a *ief1 :o _h =m]ly be5 a prophet ( ! god ,oro1 assur$ ! mission>ies t al?\gh he sometimes feign$ 8 fits ( inspiration1 to deceive ! cr$ul\s multitude1 yet1 at o!r times1 !y came ^u him involunt>ily & irresi/ibly4 ,some?+ seem$ to ru% ?r\gh 8 :ole frame1 & ov]p[] 8 _s1 9 a mann] :i* he c\ld n describe4 ,!n he fro!d at ! m\?1 gna%$ 8 tee?1 & di/ort$ 8 limbs ) su* viol5ce t x requir$ five or six /rong m5 to hold him4 ,at ^! times 8 words 7 deem$ oracles1 & :atev] he advis$ respect+ /ate affairs1 or o!r matt]s1 0 implicitly obs]v$ by k+ & *iefs4#afa ,?us on ! rav+s ( ^! crazy fanatics or delib]ate impo/ors (t5 hung ! issues ( life or dea?1 ( w> or peace4#afb ,x appe>s to h be5 especially ! prie/s ( ,oro :o laid claim to inspiration & contriv$ to %ape ! de/9ies ( _! c\ntry ?r\gh ! p[]ful sway :i* !y ex]cis$ ov] ! m9d ( ! k+4 ,9 _! fits ( fanatical fr5zy1 :ile !y deliv]$ _! oracles1 !y insi/$ on ! sov]eign's implicit compliance ) _! m&ates1 d5\nc+ ! mo/ dreadful judgm5ts on him if he %\ld prove refractory4#afc #afj ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cgc sq4 #afa ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #abd4 #afb ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #aad sq4 #afc ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #aba4 ,ap>t f ! prie/s !re 0 a class ( m5 ^: bus9ess x 0 to pres]ve & h& d[n to _! successors ! li/s ( ! gods1 ! liturgical pray]s1 & ! sacr$ traditions4 ,z ^! liturgies & leg5ds 7 (t5 v l5g?y & c\*$ 9 a metaphorical & obscure language1 a prodigi\s memory & long practice 7 indisp5sable = _! pres]vation & transmission among a p to :om ! art ( writ+ 0 unkn[n4 ,s9ce ! slighte/ mi/ake 9 ! recitation ( a liturgy 0 deem$ ! wor/ ( om5s & necessitat$ ! susp5sion ( ! religi\s s]vice1 h[ev] co/ly & important ! s]vice might be1 ! sacr$ record]s1 z we may call !m1 7 oblig$1 = ! sake ( _! cr$it1 to practise cont9ually ! recitation ( ! pray]s1 leg5ds1 & traditions ( :i* !y 7 ! depositories4 ,to aid !m 9 _! task !y made use ( bundles ( little /icks ( diff]5t sizes1 "o ( :i* !y drew f a bundle at ! conclusion ( ea* pray]4 ,x 0 _! duty on solemn occasions to recite ^! liturgies or sacr$ poems :ile !y pac$ sl[ly by night r\nd ! temples 7morais7 & o!r holy places2 h5ce !y w5t by ! "n ( h>epo1 :i* means ,walk]s by night4 ,we are told t if at ^! times !y made a mi/ake 9 a s+le ^w or hesitat$ = a mom5t1 !y /opp$ & return$ home2 & if ! subject ( _! pray]s *anc$ to be "s ent]prise 9 :i* !y desir$ to enli/ ! fav\r ( ! gods1 su* a mi/ake or hesitation 0 en\gh to cause ! und]tak+ to be ab&on$ irretrievably1 s9ce success 9 x 0 believ$ to be impossible4 ,no?+1 x is said1 c\ld be m a/oni%+ ?an ! memory display$ by ^! m51 :ile !y recit$1 ^w = ^w1 & = nights toge!r1 ! anci5t traditions ( :i* ! mutilat$ & mangl$ rema9s w\ld dem& ! assidu\s /udy ( sev]al ye>s4 ,! (fice ( sacr$ record] 7h>epo7 0 h]$it>y 9 ! male l9e2 ! sons 7 tra9$ 9 ! duties f _! e>lie/ ye>s1 b only su* z 7 end[$ ) an excell5t memory c\ld satisfy ! requirem5ts ( ! pr(ession4 ,!y believ$ t a good memory 0 a gift ( ! gods4#afd #afd ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #ejd-ejg4 ,sec4 #f4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ! ,human ,s\l ,( ! ,society ,isl&]s we are in=m$ t !y believe e man to h a sep>ate be+ )9 him1 nam$ tee1 :i* acts 9 consequ5ce ( ! impression ( ! s5ses1 & comb9es ideas into ?\ghts4 ,?is be+1 :i* we w\ld call ! s\l1 exi/s aft] dea?1 & lodges 9 ! wood5 images :i* are plac$ r\nd ! bury+-places1 & :i* are call$ by ! same "n1 tee4#afe ,:5 !y 7 ask$ 9 :at "p ( ! body ! s\l resides1 !y always answ]$ t x 0 seat$ 9 ! belly or 9 ! b[els 7,i roto te ob\74 ,!y w\ld n admit t ! bra9 c\ld be ! seat ( ?\ght or ! he>t ( ! affections2 & 9 support ( _! op9ion !y alleg$ ! agitation ( ! b[els 9 /rong emotion1 su* z fe> & desire4#aff ,h5ce1 too1 !y call$ ?\ghts by a phrase :i* signifies words 9 ! belly 7p>\ no te oboo74#afg #afe ,g4 ,=/]1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 ii4 #aea sq4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ,obs]vations made dur+ a ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 pp4 #ecd sq41 #edb sq41 :]e ! ^w = s\l is giv5 z ,e-teehee or ,teehee4 #aff ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dca4 #afg ,g4 ,=/]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #aea note 994 ,b ! ,society ,isl&]s did n reg>d ! possession ( a s\l z a privilege peculi> to humanity4 ,accord+ to ,capta9 ,cook1 !y ma9ta9 t n only all o!r animals1 b trees1 fruit1 & ev5 /ones1 h s\ls1 :i* at dea?1 or ^u be+ consum$ or brok51 asc5d to ! div9ity1 ) :om !y fir/ mix1 & aft]w>ds pass into ! mansion allott$ to ea*4#afh ,_! ^w = s\l 0 v>\a1 accord+ to ,mo]5h\t1 :o adds t1 ,x appe>s t !y accord$ ?is v>\a 7_s1 s\l7 n only to man1 b ev5 9 addition to ! animals1 to plants1 to ev]y?+ t vegetates1 gr[s or moves on ! e>?4#afi #afh ,j4 ,cook1 op4 cit4 vi4 #aea4 #afi ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dcj4 ,!y ?\ght t ! s\l ( man c\ld be sep>at$ = a "t f ! body dur+ life )\t caus+ imm$iate dea?4 ,?us1 l _m o!r peoples1 !y expla9$ dreams by ! suppos$ abs5ce ( ! s\l dur+ slumb]4 ,we are told t !y put great confid5ce 9 dreams1 & suppose 9 sleep ! s\l leaves ! body "u ! c>e ( ! gu>dian angel1 & moves at l>ge ?r\gh ! regions ( spirits4 ,?us !y say1 ,my s\l 0 su* a night 9 su* a place1 & saw su* a _s4 ,:5 a p]son dies1 !y say 8 s\l is fl$ away1 harre po1 gone to night4#agj ,b !y also believ$ t a man's s\l or _s c\ld be conjur$ out ( 8 body by magic art or demoniacal ag5cy4 ,?us1 :5 p _h be5 robb$1 !y w\ld sometimes call 9 ! help ( a prie/ to asc]ta9 ! ?ief4 ,9 su* a case ! prie/1 aft] (f]+ pray]s to 8 demon1 w\ld direct !m to dig a hole 9 ! floor ( ! h\se & to fill x ) wat]2 !n1 tak+ a "y planta9 9 8 h&1 he w\ld /& ov] ! hole & pray to ! god1 :om he invok$1 & :o1 if he 7 propiti\s1 0 suppos$ to conduct ! _s ( ! ?ief to ! h\se & to place x ov] ! wat]4 ,! image ( ! _s1 :i* !y believ$ to resemble ! p]son ( ! man1 01 accord+ to _! acc\nt1 reflect$ 9 ! wat] & p]ceiv$ by ! prie/1 :o 0 ?us able to id5tify ! ?ief1 alleg+ t ! god _h %[n him ! reflection ( ! culprit 9 ! wat]4#aga ,f ?is x appe>s t 9 ! op9ion ( ! ,society ,isl&]s1 z ( _m o!r peoples1 a man's s\l or _s is a fai?ful image ( 8 body4#agb #agj ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #cdf4 ,9 ! ,polynesian languages po is ! ^w bo? = night & = ! %ades1 ! primaeval d>kness f :i* all =ms ( life 7 evolv$1 & to :i* ! s\ls ( ! dead return4 ,see ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 p4 #cdb1 s4v4 po4 #aga ,w4 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 i4 #cgh sq4 #agb ,comp>e ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cif1 ,:at _! precise ideas ( a _s 71 x is n easy to asc]ta94 ,!y appe>1 h[ev]1 to h imag9$ ! %ape or =m resembl$ t ( ! human body1 9 :i* !y sometimes appe>$ 9 dreams to ! survivors4 ,!y believ$ t 9 ! pangs ( dea? ! s\l keeps flutt]+ ab\t ! lips1 & t1 :5 all is ov]1 x asc5ds & mixes ) or1 z !y express$ x1 is eat5 by ! deity4#agc ,:5 "o ( _! sacr$ record]s 7h>epo71 :o _h be5 fam\s 9 8 life = 8 k ( ! anci5t traditions1 0 at ! po9t ( dea?1 x 0 cu/om>y = 8 son & successor to place 8 m\? ov] ! m\? ( ! dy+ man1 z if to inhale ! p>t+ s\l at ! mom5t ( quitt+ ! body2 = 9 ?is way he 0 suppos$ to inh]it ! lore ( 8 fa!r4 ,! natives1 x is said1 7 conv9c$ t ^! sages ow$ _! le>n+ to ?is exp$i5t1 ?\gh none ! less !y /udi$ day & night to p]fect !mselves 9 _! pr(ession4#agd #agc ,j4 ,cook1 op4 cit4 vi4 #aej4 #agd ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #ejg4 ,sec4 #g4 ,disease1 ,dea?1 & ,m\rn+ ,e disease 0 suppos$ to be ! result ( direct sup]natural ag5cy1 & to be inflict$ by ! gods = "s crime committ$ aga9/ ! law ( taboo ( :i* ! suff]] _h be5 guilty2 or x might h be5 br\ght ^u him by an enemy1 :o _h compass$ 8 de/ruction by means ( an (f]+4 ,!y expla9$ dea? 9 l mann]3 accord+ to !m1 x 0 inv>iably caus$ by ! direct influ5ce ( ! gods4#age ,!y ackn[l$g$1 inde$1 t !y possess$ poisons :i*1 tak5 ) food1 produc$ convulsions & dea?1 b ^! effects !y trac$ to ! ang] ( ! gods1 :o employ$ ! drugs z _! mat]ial ag5ts or second>y causes4 ,ev5 :5 a man 0 kill$ 9 battle1 !y /ill saw 9 8 dea? ! h& ( a god1 :o _h actually ent]$ into ! weapon t inflict$ ! fatal bl[4#agf #age ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cie2 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dcc1 #ech sqq4 #agf ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cie sq4 ,! gods :o 7 ?us suppos$ to afflict human life ) sickness & disease & to br+ x to an untimely t]m9ation 9 dea? 7 n always nor p]haps usually ! high primaeval deities2 (t5 !y 7 ! s\ls ( ! dead1 :o rank$ among ! dome/ic div9ities 7oromatuas74 ,&1 l ! ,maoris1#agg ! natives ( ! ,society ,isl&s are said to h /ood 9 p>ticul> fe> ( ! s\ls ( dead infants1 :o1 ang]$ at _! "m = _! too e>ly dea?1 took _! rev5ge by s5d+ sickness on ! surviv+ memb]s ( ! family4 ,h5ce :5 a woman 0 ill-treat$ by h] husb&1 %e w\ld (t5 ?reat5 to insult ! gho/ ( a dead baby2 & ?is ?reat1 ) ! deplorable consequ5ces :i* x 0 calculat$ to entail1 seldom fail$ to br+ ! husb& to a bett] frame ( m9d2 or if he happ5$ to prove recalcitrant1 ! o!r memb]s ( ! family1 :o might be involv$ 9 ! calamity1 w\ld int]c$e & re/ore peace 9 ! h\sehold4 ,?us we are told t among ^! isl&]s ! fe> ( ! dead suppli$ 9 "s measure ! place ( natural affection & t5d]ness 9 s(t5+ & humanis+ ! g5]al mann]s4#agh #agg ,see above1 p4 #di4 #agh ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #ech sq4 ,disease & dea? 7 also attribut$ to ! malignant *>ms ( sorc]]s1 :o1 hir$ by an enemy ( ! suff]]1 procur$ = ! purpose ! clipp$ hair or ! spittle ( _! int5d$ victim1 ! fl[]s or g>m5t he _h worn1 or any object :i* _h t\*$ 8 p]son4 ,b ! real ag5ts :o 7 ?\ght to give effect to ! *>ms 7 ! m9or deities1 :om ! sorc]] employ$ to accompli% 8 nef>i\s ends4 ,= ?is purpose he put ! hair or o!r p]sonal refuse ( ! victim 9 a bag along ) ! images & symbols ( ! petty div9ities1 & buri$ ! bag & its cont5ts 9 a hole :i* he _h dug 9 ! gr\nd4 ,!re he left x until1 apply+ 8 e> to ! hole1 he c\ld he> ! s\l ( ! suff]] :imp]+ d[n bel[1 :i* prov$ t ! *>m 0 tak+ effect4 ,if ! int5d$ victim got w9d ( ^! ma*9ations1 x 0 always 9 8 p[] to r5d] !m abortive1 ei!r by sacrific+ to ! gods or by s5d+ a pres5t to ! sorc]]1 :o ?us 0 fe$ by bo? sides at ! same "t4#agi #agi ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #eci-eda4 ,comp>e ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cfc sqq4 ,h[ev]1 mo/ cases ( sickness app>5tly 7 set d[n n to ! wiles ( sorc]]s1 b to ! displeasure ( ! deifi$ spirits ( ! dead4#ahj ,on ?is po9t ! evid5ce ( ! e>ly mission>ies is explicit4 ,speak+ ( ! ,society ,isl&]s1 !y say t !y reg>d ! spirits ( _! ance/ors1 male & female1 z exalt$ into eatooas atuas1 deities1 & _! fav\r to be secur$ by pray]s & (f]+s4 ,e sickness & unt[>d accid5t !y e/eem z ! h& ( judgm5t = "s (f5ce committ$2 & !re=e1 if !y h injur$ any p]son1 !y s5d _! peace-(f]+1 & make ! matt] up3 & if sick1 s5d = ! prie/ to (f] up pray]s & sacrifices to pacify ! (f5d$ eatooa2 giv+ any?+ ! prie/s ask1 z be+ v reluctant to die4#aha ,z x is _! fix$ op9ion1 t no disease affects !m b z a puni%m5t inflict$ by _! eatooa atua = "s (f5ce1 & nev] br\ght on !mselves by intemp]ance or imprud5ce1 !y tru/ m to ! pray]s ( _! prie/s ?an to any m$ic9e4#ahb #ahj ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #edc4 #aha ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #cde4 #ahb ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #djd4 ,!y imag9$ t at dea? ! s\l 7v>ua7 0 drawn out ( ! head by a god or _s 7atua7 z a sword is drawn out ( its scabb>d1 & t ! spirits ( ! dead (t5 wait$ to cat* x at ! mom5t :5 x issu$ f ! body4 ,sometimes ! dy+ man w\ld fancy t he saw ! spirits lurk+ = him at ! foot ( ! b$1 & w\ld cry out 9 t]ror1 ,!y are wait+ = my _s4 ,gu>d x6 ,pres]ve x f !m6#ahc #ahc ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cif4 ,:5 ! la/ /ruggle 0 ov]1 a prie/ or div9] 7tahua tut]a7 0 call$ 9 to asc]ta9 ! cause ( dea?4 ,= ?is purpose he ent]$ 8 canoe & paddl$ sl[ly along on ! sea1 ne> ! h\se 9 :i* ! dead body 0 ly+1 9 ord] to wat* ! passage ( ! dep>t+ _s2 = !y ?\ght t x w\ld fly t[>ds him ) ! emblem ( ! cause ?r\gh :i* ! p]son _h di$4 ,if he _h be5 curs$ by ! gods1 ! _s w\ld appe> ) a flame1 fire be+ ! ag5t employ$ 9 ! incantations ( ! sorc]]s1 :o _h presumably drawn d[n ! curse ^u ! deceas$4 ,if "s enemy _h brib$ ! gods to kill him1 ! _s w\ld come ) a r$ fea!r1 z a sign t evil spirits _h ent]$ into 8 food4 ,aft] a %ort "t ! div9] return$ to ! h\se1 ann\nc$ ! cause ( dea? to ! survivors1 & receiv$ 8 fee1 ! am\nt ( :i* 0 regulat$ by ! circum/ances ( ! family4 ,aft] t a prie/ 0 employ$ to p]=m c]emonies & recite pray]s = ! purpose ( av]t+ de/ruction f ! surviv+ memb]s ( ! family2 b ! nature ( ! c]emonies has n be5 record$4#ahd #ahd ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cih sq4 ,:5 x 0 manife/ t dea? 0 approa*+1 ! relatives & fri5ds1 :o _h ga!r$ r\nd ! suff]]1 broke into l\d lam5tations & o!r demon/rations ( sorr[1 :i* r$\bl$ 9 viol5ce z soon z ! _s _h dep>t$4 ,!n !y n only wail$ 9 ! l\de/ & mo/ affect+ tone1 b tore out _! hair1 r5t _! g>m5ts1 & cut !mselves ) %>k's tee? or knives 9 a %ock+ mann]4 ,! in/rum5t usually employ$ 0 a small cane1 ab\t f\r in*es long1 ) five or six tee? fix$ into x on opposite sides4 ,/ruck =cibly into ! head1 ^! in/rum5ts w\nd$ x l a lancet1 s t ! blood p\r$ d[n 9 copi\s /reams4 ,e woman at m>riage provid$ h]self ) "o ( ^! implem5ts & us$ x unsp>+ly on h]self on ! occasion ( a dea? 9 ! family4 ,"s p1 n cont5t ) ?is in/rum5t ( torture1 provid$ !mselves ) a sort ( mallet arm$ ) two or ?ree r[s ( %>k's tee?2 & ) ?is =midable weapon1 on ! demise ( a relative or fri5d1 !y hamm]$ !mselves unm]cifully1 /rik+ _! skulls1 temples1 *eeks1 & brea/1 till ! blood fl[$ pr(usely f ! w\nds4 ,at ! same "t !y utt]$ ! mo/ deaf5+ & agonis+ cries2 & :at ) _! frantic ge/ures1 ! di/ortion ( _! c\nt5ances1 _! torn & di%evell$ hair1 & ! m+l$ te>s & blood t trickl$ d[n _! bodies1 !y pres5t$ altoge!r a horrible spectacle4 ,?is self-inflict$ cruelty 0 practis$ *iefly by wom51 b n by !m alone2 = ! m5 on ^! occasions committ$ ! l enormities1 & n only cut !mselves1 b came arm$ ) clubs & o!r deadly weapons1 :i* !y sometimes pli$ freely on ! bodies ( o!r p4 ,^! dismal sc5es began ) ! ne>e/ relatives ( ! deceas$1 b !y 7 n conf9$ to !m4 ,no soon] did ! tid+s spread1 & ! s\nd ( wail+ 0 he>d ?r\gh\t ! neighb\rhood1 ?an fri5ds & k9sfolk flock$ to ! spot & jo9$ 9 ! demon/rations ( real or affect$ sorr[4 ,! pageant ( woe rea*$ its climax :5 ! deceas$ 0 a k+ or a pr9cipal *ief4 ,x 0 !n1 above all1 t ! t5ants & reta9]s came arm$ ) bludgeons & /ones1 ) :i* !y f\ght ea* o!r till "s ( !m 7 w\nd$ or sla92 :ile o!rs op]at$ on !mselves by te>+ _! hair & lac]at+ _! bodies 9 ! usual mann] till _! bodies 7 b$abbl$ ) blood4 ,aft] ! introduction ( fire>ms into ! isl&s1 ^! le?al weapons l5t v>iety & noise to ! combats1 z well z add+ to ! numb] ( ! sla94 ,at ! dea? ( a p]son ( di/9ction ^! exhibitions ( fr5zi$ sorr[ sometimes la/$ two or ?ree days 9 succession1 or ev5 long]4#ahe ,on su* occasions a body ( arm$ m51 compos$ ( fri5ds & allies1 us$ to arrive f a neighb\r+ di/rict & reque/ to be all[$ access to ! body ( ! *ief1 9 ord] t !y might m\rn = him 9 due =m4 ,! reque/ 0 always refus$ by ! bodygu>ds1 :o kept ! la/ vigil ov] _! dep>t$ "l2 & 9 consequ5ce a fight ensu$ 9 :i* sev]al w>riors 7 g5]ally w\nd$ or kill$4 ,yet x 0 only a %am fight1 :i* seems to h always end$ 9 a victory = ! m\rn]s :o _h come f a di/ance2 & :5 x 0 ov]1 victors & vanqui%$ regul>ly unit$ 9 p]=m+ ! usual sangu9>y rites ( m\rn+4 ,9 all ! isl&s wre/l+ mat*es1 combats1 & assaults-at-arms 7 ord9>y features ( ! obsequies ( *iefs4#ahf #ahe ,w4 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 i4 #djg-dji2 ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #ceb2 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #edf sq4 #ahf ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #eea sq4 ,! blood :i* wom5 9 ! p>oxysms ( grief drew f _! bodies1 & ! te>s :i* fl[$ f _! eyes1 7 receiv$ on pieces ( clo?1 :i* 7 !n ?r[n ^u or "u ! bi] z oblations to ! dead4#ahg ,sometimes = ?is purpose a woman w\ld we> a %ort apron1 :i* %e held up ) "o h&1 :ile %e cut h]self ) ! o!r1 till ! apron 0 soak$ 9 blood4 ,aft]w>ds %e w\ld dry x 9 ! sun & pres5t x to ! b]eav$ family1 :o kept x z a tok5 ( ! e/imation 9 :i* ! dep>t$ _h be5 held4#ahh ,"s ( ! y\ng] m\rn]s us$ also to cut (f _! hair & ?r[ x "u ! bi] ) ! o!r (f]+s4#ahi ,:5 ! deceas$ 0 a *ild1 ! p>5ts1 9 addition to o!r tok5s ( grief1 us$ to cut _! hair %ort on "o "p ( _! heads1 leav+ ! re/ long2 sometimes !y %av$ a squ>e pat* on ! =ehead2 sometimes !y left ! hair on ! =ehead & cut (f all ! re/2 at o!r times !y remov$ all ! hair b a lock ov] "o or bo? e>s2 or aga9 !y w\ld clip close "o half ( ! head1 :ile on ! o!r half ! tresses 7 suff]$ to gr[ long2 & ^! signs ( m\rn+ might be cont9u$ = two or ?ree ye>s4#aij #ahg ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #ace1 #bah2 ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ,obs]vations made dur+ a ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 p4 #efj4 #ahh ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #daj4 #ahi ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #bah2 ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ,obs]vations made dur+ a ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 p4 #efj4 #aij ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ceb sq4 ,capta9 ,cook tells u t ! cu/om obs]v$ by m\rn]s ( (f]+ _! own blood1 te>s1 & hair to _! dep>t$ relative or fri5d is f\nd$ ^u a notion t ! s\l ( ! deceas$1 :i* !y believe to exi/ 9 a sep>ate /ate1 is hov]+ ab\t ! place :]e ! body is deposit$3 t x obs]ves ! actions ( ! survivors1 & is gratifi$ by su* te/imonies ( _! affection & grief4#aia ,?is explanation1 9 p]fect h>mony ) ! vigilance1 vanity1 & jeal\sy commonly ascrib$ to gho/s1 is 9 all probability correct4 ,yet x des]ves to be notic$ t ! cu/om ( volunt>ily hack+ ! body ) %>k's tee? to ! effusion ( blood 0 s+ul>ly en\gh practis$ by ! ,society ,isl&]s on occasions ( joy z well z ( sorr[4 ,:5 a husb& or a son return$ to 8 family aft] a season ( abs5ce or exposure to dang]1 8 arrival 0 greet$1 n only ) ! cordial welcome & ! w>m embrace1 b ) l\d wail+1 :ile ! happy wife or "m cut h] body ) %>k's tee?1 & ! gladd] %e 0 ! m %e ga%$ h]self4#aib ,simil>ly _m savage peoples weep ov] long-abs5t fri5ds1 or ev5 ov] /rang]s1 z a polite =m ( greet+ 9 :i* g5u9e sorr[ c h>dly be suppos$ to play a "p4#aic ,x is difficult to see h[ su* obs]vances c be bas$ on sup]/ition2 app>5tly ! emotion ( joy may express itself 9 v diff]5t ways 9 diff]5t races4 #aia ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #bah sq4 #aib ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #daj2 ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aif1 #cfb4 #aic ,see ,folk-lore 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ii4 #hb sqq4 ,! natives /ood 9 great fe> ( ! spirits ( ! dead1 :i* 7 suppos$ to haunt ! places ( _! =m] abode & to visit ! habitations ( m51 b seldom on err&s ( m]cy or b5evol5ce4 ,!y woke ! survivors f _! slumb]s by squeak+ noises to upbraid !m ) _! pa/ wick$ness or to reproa* !m ) ! neglect ( "s c]emony1 = :i* ! gho/s 7 compell$ to suff]4 ,?us ! p imag9$ t !y liv$ 9 a _w ( spirits1 :i* surr\nd$ !m night & day1 wat*+ e action ( _! lives & ready to rev5ge ! smalle/ slight or ! lea/ disob$i5ce to _! injunctions1 z ^! 7 proclaim$ to ! liv+ by ! prie/s4 ,convulsions & hy/]ics1 = example1 7 ascrib$ to ! action ( spirits1 :i* seiz$ ! suff]]1 scrat*$ 8 face1 tore 8 hair1 or o!rwise maltreat$ him4#aid #aid ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #djf4 ,?is fe> ( ! spirits ( ! dead induc$ ! ,society ,isl&]s to resort to "s peculi> c]emonies = ! protection ( ! liv+ aga9/ ! gho/s ( p]sons :o _h rec5tly di$4 ,"o ( ^! qua9t rites 0 p]=m$ by a prie/1 :o w5t by ! "n ( ! corpse-pray+ prie/ 7tahua bure tiapa-pau74 ,:5 ! corpse _h be5 plac$ on a plat=m or bi] 9 a tempor>y h\se1 ?is prie/ ord]$ a hole to be dug 9 ! e>? or floor1 ne> ! foot ( ! plat=m1 & ov] ?is hole he pray$ to ! god by :om ! _s ( ! deceas$ _h be5 summon$ to its long home4 ,! purport ( ! pray] 0 t all ! dead man's s9s1 & especially t = :i* 8 s\l _h be5 call$ to ! region ( ,night 7po71 %\ld be deposit$ 9 t hole1 t !y %\ld n atta* 9 any degree to ! survivors1 & t ! ang] ( ! god might be appeas$4 ,! prie/ next address$ ! corpse1 usually say+1 ,) y let ! guilt n[ rema94 ,! pill> or po/ ( ! corpse1 z x 0 call$1 0 !n plant$ 9 ! hole1 e>? 0 ?r[n ov] ! guilt ( ! dep>t$1 & ! hole fill$ up4 ,aft] t1 ! prie/ proce$$ to ! side ( ! corpse1 & tak+ "s small slips ( planta9 leaf-/alk he fix$ two or ?ree ( !m "u ea* arm1 plac$ a few on ! brea/1 & !n1 address+ ! dead body1 said1 ,!re are y\r family1 !re is y\r *ild1 !re is y\r wife1 !re is y\r fa!r1 & !re is y\r "m4 ,be satisfi$ yond] 7t is1 9 ! _w ( spirits74 ,look n t[>ds ^? :o are left 9 ?is _w4 ,! conclud+ p>ts ( ! c]emony 7 design$ to imp>t cont5tm5t to ! deceas$1 & to prev5t 8 _s f repair+ to ! places ( 8 =m] resort1 & s di/ress+ ! survivors4 ,?is 0 consid]$ a mo/ important c]emony1 be+ a k9d ( mass = ! dead & necess>y z well = ! peace ( ! liv+ z = ! quiet ( ! dep>t$4 ,x 0 seldom omitt$ by any :o c\ld pay ! prie/ 8 usual fees1 :i* = ?is s]vice g5]ally took ! =m ( pigs & clo?1 9 proportion to ! rank or possessions ( ! family4#aie #aie ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #dja-djc4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #eeb4 ,soon aft] ! decease ( a *ief or p]son ( di/9ction1 ano!r s+ul> c]emony1 call$ a heva1 0 p]=m$ by ! relatives or dep5dants1 :o p]sonat$ ! gho/ ( ! dep>t$4 ,! pr9cipal actor 9 ! procession 0 a prie/ or k9sman :o wore a curi\s dress & an impos+ head-ornam5t call$ a p>ae4 ,a cap or turban ( ?ick native clo? 0 fitt$ close to ! head2 9 front 7 two broad "m-(-pe>l %ells t cov]$ ! face l a mask1 ) only a small ap]ture ?r\gh :i* ! we>] c\ld look 9 ord] to f9d 8 way4 ,above ! mask 7 fix$ a numb] ( long1 :ite1 r$-tipp$ fea!rs ( ! tropic bird1 div]g+ l rays & =m+ a radiant circle2 :ile b5ea? ! mask 0 a ?9 yet /rong bo>d curv$ l a cresc5t1 f :i* hung a sort ( network ( small pieces ( brilliant "m-(-pe>l1 f9ely poli%$ & /rung toge!r on ?reads4 ,! dep? ( ?is network v>i$ accord+ to ! ta/e or means ( ! family1 b x 0 g5]ally n9e in*es or a foot1 & might consi/ ( t5 to fifte5 or tw5ty p]fectly /raight & p>allel r[s4 ,! lab\r ( mak+ ?is "m-(-pe>l p5dant mu/ h be5 imm5se2 = _m hundr$ pieces ( ! %ell _h to be cut1 gr\nd d[n to ! requisite ?9ness1 poli%$ & p]=at$1 )\t ! use ( iron tools1 be=e a s+le l9e c\ld be fix$ ^u ! head-dress4 ,fr+$ ) fea!rs1 ! p5dant =m$ a k9d ( ornam5tal brea/plate or /oma*]4 ,atta*$ to x 0 a g>m5t compos$ ( alt]nate /ripes ( black & yell[ clo?1 :i* envelop$ ! body & rea*$ sometimes to ! lo9s1 to ! knees1 or ev5 to ! ankles4#aif ,on 8 back ! mask] wore an ample cloak or mantle ( network cov]$ ) glossy pigeon's fea!rs ( a blui% col\r4 ,! co/ume appe>s to h be5 int5d$ z a disguise to prev5t ! spectators f recognis+ ! we>]2 = ,george ,=/]1 :o has giv5 u an elaborate description ( x1 obs]ves t an ample hood ( alt]nate p>allel /ripes ( br[n1 yell[1 & :ite clo? desc5ds f ! turban to cov] ! neck & %\ld]s1 9 ord] t z little z possible ( ! human figure may appe>4#aig #aif ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #dab sq4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #ace sq41 #ach1 #bai2 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #edg-edi4 #aig ,g4 ,=/]1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 ii4 #gd4 ,= ! full description ( ! g>b1 see id41 ii4 #ga-ge2 ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ,obs]vations made dur+ a ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 pp4 #dej-dec4 ,9 ?is /range g>b ! *ief mumm]1 :o 0 usually ! ne>e/ relation ( ! deceas$1 c>ri$ 9 "o h& a =midable weapon1 consi/+ ( a /aff ab\t five feet long1 "o end ( :i* 0 r\nd$ to s]ve z a h&le1 :ile ! o!r end broad5$ out into a sort ( scy!1 ( :i* ! inn] or concave side 0 arm$ ) a r[ ( l>ge /rong %>k's tee? fix$ 9 ! wood4 ,9 ! o!r h& he bore a k9d ( clapp] =m$ ( two pe>l-oy/] %ells1 beautifully poli%$4 ,?us attir$ & equipp$1 he l$ a procession ei!r f ! h\se ( ! deceas$1 or1 accord+ to ano!r acc\nt1 f a valley to :i*1 z if "u a p>oxysm ( grief1 ! p>ty _h retir$ at ! dea? ( ! p]son = :om ! c]emony 0 p]=m$2 & z he walk$ along he cont9u$ to rattle or j+le ! %ells aga9/ ea* o!r to give notice ( 8 approa*4 ,) him walk$ a numb] ( m5 & boys1 nak$ except = a girdle1 arm$ ) cudgels1 _! faces & bodies pa9t$ black1 r$1 & :ite ) *>coal & col\r$ e>?s4 ,9 ?is impressive /yle ! mumm]s m>*$ ?r\gh ! di/rict1 ! p ev]y:]e flee+ 9 t]ror at ! sight ( !m1 & ev5 des]t+ ! h\ses at _! approa*4 ,= :5ev] ! lead] caught sight ( any "o1 he ran at him1 & if he ov]took ! fugitive1 belab\r$ him ) 8 %>p-too!d club1 to ! griev\s maul+ ( ! un=tunate wret*2 :ile1 n to be beh9d _! lead]1 ! assi/ants pli$ _! bludgeons on ! bodies ( all & sundry :o *anc$ to fall into _! h&s4 ,at su* times safety 0 only to be f\nd 9 ! k+'s temple1 :i* s]v$ on ?is z on o!r occasions z a sort ( sanctu>y or place ( refuge4 ,hav+ ?us sc\r$ ! c\ntry1 ! mumm]s m>*$ sev]al times r\nd ! plat=m :]e ! body 0 expos$1 aft] :i* !y ba!d 9 a riv] & resum$ _! cu/om>y app>el4 ,?is p]=mance 0 repeat$ at int]vals = five moons1 b less & less frequ5tly z ! end ( ! "t approa*$4 ,! long] x la/$1 ! great] 0 ! hon\r suppos$ to be done to ! dead4 ,! relatives took x 9 turn to assume ! fanta/ic dress & dis*>ge ! (fice ( lead]4 ,?r\gh\t ! c]emonies ! p]=m]s appe>$ & act$ z if !y 7 d]ang$4 ,!y 7 suppos$ to be inspir$ by1 or at all ev5ts to repres5t1 ! _s ( ! deceas$1 to rev5ge any injury he might h receiv$1 or to puni% ^? :o _h n %[n due respect to 8 rema9s4#aih ,h5ce we may inf] t ! :ole ( ?is qua9t masqu]ade 0 design$ to appease ! ang] ( ! gho/1 & s to protect ! survivors by prev5t+ him f return+ to take v5geance on !m = any wrongs or slights he might h suff]$ at _! h&s4 #aih ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #ach sq41 #bai2 ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ,obs]vations made dur+ a ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 pp4 #efj sq42 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #dac sq42 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #edi sq4 ,accord+ to ,ellis1 ! mumm]s 7 suppos$ to be inspir$ by ! _s ( ! deceas$2 accord+ to ,mo]5h\t1 !y 7 n inspir$ by1 b m]ely repres5t$1 ! gho/4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 spiritual repres5tation & inspiration is some:at f9e2 too f9e p]haps to be appreh5d$ by ,tahitian intellig5ce4 ,=/] says t ! procession />t$ f ! h\se ( ! deceas$1 ,ellis t x />t$ f a valley4 ,! same fe> ( ! return+ gho/ is cle>ly express$ 9 a pray] :i* ! natives us$ to address to a dead relative at burial4 ,!y put blossoms ( bread-fruit & leaves ( ! edible f]n "u ! arms ( ! corpse1 & z !y did s1 !y pray$1 say+1 ,y g to ! ,po ,night1 ! ,_w ( ,%ades1 plant bread-fruit !re1 & be food = ! gods2 b d n come & /rangle u1 & we w fe$ y\r sw9e & cultivate y\r l&s4#aii #aii ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 ,j\rnal ( ,voyages & ,travels1 i4 #cbb4 ,sec4 #h4 ,! ,disposal ( ! ,dead ,! heat ( ! climate1 by ha/5+ ! decomposition ( dead bodies1 r5d]$ x necess>y t corpses %\ld be spe$ily remov$ or treat$ s z to pres]ve !m = a "t f decay4 ,z su* treatm5t 0 g5]ally too co/ly = ! poor & ev5 ! middle ranks ( society1 families belong+ to ^! classes 7 usually oblig$ to int] _! dead on ! fir/ or second day aft] ! decease4 ,dur+ ! %ort int]v5+ p]iod ! body1 re/+ on a b$ ( fragrant gre5 leaves1 0 plac$ on a sort ( bi] cov]$ ) :ite clo? & decorat$ ) wrea?s & g>l&s ( sweet-smell+ fl[]s4 ,r\nd x sat ! relatives1 giv+ v5t to _! grief 9 l\d & cont9u$ lam5tations1 & (t5 cutt+ _! temples1 faces1 & brea/s ) %>k's tee?1 till !y 7 cov]$ ) blood f _! self-inflict$ w\nds4 ,! bodies 7 frequ5tly committ$ to ! grave 9 deep sil5ce2 b sometimes a fa!r w\ld deliv] a pa!tic oration at ! fun]al ( 8 son4#bjj ,! grave 0 g5]ally %all[ & ! corpse 0 deposit$ 9 a b5t po/ure1 ) ! h&s ti$ to ! knees or to ! legs4#bja #bjj ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cii sq4 #bja ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #eec sq4 ,b 9 ! families ( *iefs ! cu/om 0 to submit ! bodies ( ! dead to a sort ( embalm+ & to pres]ve !m above gr\nd = a "t4#bjb ,! ,tahitians _h a tradition ( a rude or unpoli%$ p]iod 9 _! hi/ory1 :5 ! bodies ( ! dead 7 all[$ to rema9 9 ! h\ses 9 :i* !y liv$1 & :i* 7 /ill occupi$ by ! survivors4 ,a k9d ( /age or alt> 0 erect$ 9 ! dwell+1 & on x ! corpse 0 deposit$4 ,b 9 a lat] & m poli%$ age1 :i* la/$ till ! adv5t ( ,europeans1 ! practice 0 introduc$ ( build+ sep>ate h\ses or %$s = ! lodgm5t ( corpses4#bjc #bjb ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #djj4 #bjc ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #djd4 ,^! h\ses or %$s 7tupap[s7 7 small tempor>y build+s1 (t5 neatly con/ruct$4 ,! ?at*$ ro( re/$ on wood5 pill>s1 :i* 7 seldom m ?an six feet high4 ,! body 0 laid on a bi] or plat=m rais$ on po/s ab\t ?ree feet f ! gr\nd4 ,?is bi] 0 movable1 = ! purpose ( be+ drawn out1 & ( expos+ ! body to ! rays ( ! sun4 ,! body 0 usually clo!d or cov]$ ) clo?1 & = a long "t x 0 c>efully rubb$ ) aromatic oils once a day4 ,! size ( ^! *>nel-h\ses v>i$ ) ! rank ( ! p]sons ^: bodies !y conta9$2 ! bett] sort 7 enclos$ by rail+s4 ,^? :i* 7 allott$ to p ( ! l[] class j suffic$ to cov] ! bi]1 & 7 n rail$ 94 ,! l>ge/ se5 by ,capta9 ,cook 0 elev5 y>ds long4 ,su* h\ses 7 ornam5t$ accord+ to ! ta/e & abilities ( ! surviv+ k9dr$1 :o nev] fail$ to lay a pr(usion ( good clo? ab\t ! body1 & sometimes almo/ cov]$ ! outside ( ! h\se4#bjd #bjd ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #ic sq41 #ace1 #bag1 #bah2 ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 pp4 #hd1 #bab sq42 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #djd2 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #edg4 ,b be=e ! corpse 0 deposit$ 9 "o ( ^! tempor>y /ructures1 x 0 %r\d$ 9 clo? & c>ri$ on a bi] to ! sea-%ore1 :]e x 0 set d[n on ! bea* at ! wat]'s edge4 ,!re a prie/1 :o accompani$ ! procession1 r5ew$ ! pray]s :i* he _h (f]$ ov] ! body bo? at ! h\se & on its passage to ! %ore4 ,fur!r1 he took up wat] 9 8 h&s & spr9kl$ x t[>ds ! corpse1 b n ^u x4 ,^! pray]s & spr9kl+s he repeat$ sev]al times1 & betwe5 ! repetitions ! body 0 c>ri$ back "s =ty or fifty y>ds f ! sea1 only to be br\ght back aga9 to ! wat]'s edge4 ,:ile ^! c]emonies 7 be+ p]=m$1 ! tempor>y h\se or %$ 0 be+ prep>$1 9 :i* ! corpse 0 to rema9 until ! fle% _h :olly wa/$ f ! bones4 ,?i!r x 0 !n c>ri$ f ! bea* & laid ^u ! bi]4#bje #bje ,j4 ,cook1 op4 cit4 i4 #bag sq4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ,obs]vations made dur+ a ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 p4 #eei4 ,! practice ( embalm+ appe>s to h be5 long famili> to ! natives ( ! ,society ,isl&s4 ,! me?ods employ$ by !m 7 simple4 ,sometimes ! juices 7 m]ely squeez$ out ( ! corpse1 :i* 0 !n expos$ to ! sun & ano9t$ ) fragrant oils4 ,at o!r times1 & app>5tly m usually1 ! b[els1 entrails1 & bra9s 7 extract$1 & ! cavities fill$ ) clo? soak$ 9 p]fum$ oils1 :i* 7 also inject$ into o!r p>ts ( ! body4 ,sc5t$ oils 7 also rubb$ ov] ! outside daily3 e day ! corpse 0 expos$ to ! sun 9 a sitt+ po/ure3 e night x 0 laid out horizontally & (t5 turn$ ov]1 t x might n rema9 long on ! same side4 ,by ^! means1 comb9$ ) ! heat ( ! sun & ! dryness ( ! atmosph]e1 ! process ( desiccation 0 effect$ 9 ! c\rse ( a few weeks3 ! muscul> p>ts & ! eyes %rivell$ up2 & ! wiz5$ body resembl$ a skeleton cov]$ ) p>*m5t or oilclo?4 ,?us r$uc$ to a mummy1 x 0 clo!d & fix$ 9 a sitt+ attitude3 a small alt> 0 erect$ be=e x2 & (f]+s ( fruit1 food1 & fl[]s 7 daily pres5t$ by ! relatives or by ! prie/ :o 0 appo9t$ to att5d to x4 ,= if ! deceas$ 0 a *ief ( high rank or great r5[n1 a prie/ or o!r p]son 0 set ap>t to wait ^u ! corpse & to pres5t food to its m\? at diff]5t h\rs ( ! day4 ,!y suppos$ t ! s\l /ill hov]$ ov] ! m\ld]+ rema9s & 0 pleas$ by su* m>ks ( att5tion4 ,h5ce dur+ ! exposure ( ! body 9 ! tempor>y h\se ! m\rn]s w\ld sometimes r5ew _! lam5tations !re1 &1 w\nd+ !mselves ) %>k's tee?1 wipe (f ! blood on a clo?1 & deposit ! bloody rag beside ! mummy z a pro( ( _! affection4 ,9 ?is /ate ! desiccat$ body 0 pres]v$ = _m mon?s till ! fle% _h completely decay$2 ,ellis 0 ( op9ion t ! be/-pres]v$ ( ^! mummies c\ld n be kept = m ?an twelve mon?s4 ,! bones 7 !n scrap$1 wa%$1 & buri$ )9 ! prec9cts ( ! family temple 7morai71 if ! deceas$ 0 a *ief2 b if he 0 a common]1 !y 7 int]r$ outside ( ! holy gr\nd4 ,h[ev]1 ! skull 0 n buri$ ) ! bones2 x 0 c>efully wrapt 9 f9e clo? & kept 9 a box by ! family1 x might be = sev]al g5]ations4 ,sometimes ! box conta9+ ! skull 0 deposit$ at ! temple1 b (t5 x 0 hung f ! ro( ( ! h\se4#bjf ,at m>riage ! skulls ( ance/ors 7 sometimes br\ght out & set be=e ! bride & bridegroom 9 ord]1 app>5tly1 to place ! newly w$d$ pair "u ! gu>dian%ip ( ! ance/ral spirits :o _h once animat$ ^! relics ( mortality4#bjg ,9 "t ( w> victori\s enemies w\ld sometimes despoil ! temples ( ! vanqui%$ & c>ry (f ! bones ( fam\s m5 int]r$ 9 !m2 ^! !y w\ld !n subject to ! utmo/ indignity by conv]t+ !m into *isels1 bor]s1 or fi%-hooks4 ,to prev5t ?is sacrilege ! relations ( ! dead convey$ ! bones ( _! *iefs1 & ev5 ! bodies ( p]sons :o _h lately di$1 to ! m\nta9s & hid !m 9 cav]ns among ! mo/ inaccessible rocks & l(ty precipices ( ^! wild solitudes4#bjh ,:]e ! m\nta9s advance to ! coa/1 _m ( ^! caves exi/ 9 ! face ( cliffs ov]hang+ ! sea2 = ! mo/ "p !y are situat$ 9 places :i* ,europeans c rea* only ) ! help ( ropes & ladd]s1 ?\gh ! natives1 x is said1 c clamb] up ! /eepe/ crags ) ease4 ,few ev5 ( ! isl&]s "k ! situation ( ! cav]ns1 & few] /ill w cons5t to act z guides to ! curi\s /rang] :o may wi% to explore _! recesses2 = ! fe> ( ! gho/s1 :o are suppos$ to haunt ^! anci5t depositories ( ! dead1 is yet deeply root$ 9 ! native m9d4 ,moreov]1 ! m\?s ( ! caves are g5]ally s l[ & ov]gr[n ) %rubs & creep]s t !y may easily be ov]look$ by an obs]v] /&+ 9 front ( !m4 ,"s ( ! grottos are said to be /ill full ( skulls1 or 7 s d[n to ! end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4#bji ,! mummies z well z ! bones 7 liable to be captur$ by an invad]1 & 7 e/eem$ trophies n less glori\s ?an foem5 sla9 9 battle4 ,h5ce dur+ an invasion ! mummies 7 g5]ally ! fir/ ?+s to be c>ri$ (f = safety to ! m\nta9s4#baj #bjf ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #ic sq41 #ace sq41 #bah1 #bai1 vi4 #dg sq42 ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ,obs]vations made dur+ a ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 pp4 #efa sq42 ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bab sq41 #cfc sq42 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #djj sq41 #djd sq41 #dje sq42 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #eed4 #bjg ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bgb1 :o obs]ves t ! survivors consid]$ ! spirits ( ! proprietors ( ^! skulls z ! gu>dian spirits ( ! family4 #bjh ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #dje4 #bji ,a4 ,baessl]1 ,neue ,su$see-,bild] 7,b]l91 #aijj71 pp4 #cg sq41 #ha sq41 #hc4 #baj ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #cfd4 ,a dang]\s pollution 0 suppos$ to be contract$ by all :o _h h&l$ a corpse4 ,h5ce ! p]sons employ$ 9 embalm+ a body 7 c>efully %unn$ by e "o else s long z ! process la/$1 because ! guilt ( ! crime = :i* ! deceas$ _h di$ 0 suppos$ to atta* 9 "s degree to su* z t\*$ 8 mortal rema9s4 ,! embalm]s did n fe$ !mselves1 le/ ! food1 defil$ by ! t\* ( _! pollut$ h&s1 %\ld cause _! dea?2 s !y 7 f$ by o!rs4#baa ,?is /ate ( uncleanness la/$ = a mon?1 dur+ :i* ! taboo$ p]sons 7 =bidd5 to h&le food z well z to put x into _! own m\?s4#bab #baa ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #djc4 #bab ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #cfc4 ,aga91 :5 ! c]emony ( deposit+ ! s9s ( ! deceas$ 9 a hole#bac 0 ov]1 all :o _h t\*$ ! body or ! g>m5ts ( ! deceas$1 :i* 7 buri$ or de/roy$1 fl$ precipitately into ! sea to cleanse !mselves f ! pollution :i* !y _h incurr$ by contact ) ! corpse2 & !y ca/ into ! sea ! g>m5ts !y _h worn :ile !y 7 engag$ 9 ! "w4 ,hav+ ba!d1 !y ga!r$ a few pieces ( coral f ! bottom ( ! sea1 & return+ ) !m to ! h\se1 address$ ! dead body1 say+1 ,) y may ! pollution be4 ,) ^! words !y ?rew d[n ! pieces ( coral on ! top ( ! hole t _h be5 dug to receive all ! objects defil$ by _! connexion ) ! deceas$4#bad #bac ,see above1 p4 #cje4 #bad ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #djc4 ,:5 a p]son _h di$ ( an infecti\s disord]1 ! prie/s entreat$ him to bury ! disease ) him 9 ! grave & n to inflict x ^u o!r p1 :5 he revisit$ !m z a gho/4 ,!y also ?rew a planta9 into ! grave1 & ei!r buri$ ) him or burn$ all 8 ut5sils1 t nobody might be infect$ by !m4#bae #bae ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #cfd4 ,sec4 #i4 ,! ,fate ( ! ,s\l aft] ,dea? ,! natives ( ! ,society ,isl&s believ$ 9 ! immortality ( ! human s\l1 or at all ev5ts 9 its sep>ate exi/5ce aft] dea?#baf2 !y ?\ght t no p]son p]i%es or becomes ext9ct4#bag ,on its dep>ture f ! body ! _s1 n[ call$ a tee1 teehee1 or tii1 0 suppos$ to l+] ne> its old habitation1 :e!r ! m\ld]+ rema9s expos$ on ! bi]1 or ! bones buri$ 9 ! e>?1 or ! skull kept 9 its box4 ,9 ?is /ate ! spirits 7 believ$ to lodge 9 small wood5 images1 seldom m ?an eighte5 in*es high1 :i* 7 plac$ r\nd ab\t ! burial-gr\nd4#bah ,^! images are v>i\sly said to h borne ! same "n 7tee1 teehee7 z ! spirits :i* inhabit$ !m1#bai or to h be5 call$ by a diff]5t "n 7unus7#bbj4 ,specim5s ( ^! images 7 se5 by ,george ,=/] 9 ,tahiti4 ,he says t r\nd ab\t ! m>ai 7morai7 ( ,aheatua1 at t "t ,k+ ( ,ti>roboo1 7 plac$ p]p5dicul>ly1 or ne>ly s1 fifte5 sl5d] pieces ( wood1 "s ab\t eighte5 feet long1 9 :i* six or eight dim9utive human figures ( a rude unnatural %ape 7 c>v$1 /&+ above ea* o!r1 male or female promiscu\sly1 yet s t ! upp]mo/ 0 always a male4 ,all ^! figures fac$ ! sea1 & p]fectly resembl$ "s :i* are c>v$ on ! /]ns ( _! canoes1 & :i* !y call e-tee4#bba ,to ! same effect ,george ,=/]'s fa!r1 ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 obs]ves t ne> ! m>ais are tw5ty or ?irty s+le pieces ( wood fix$ into ! gr\nd1 c>v$ all ov] on "o side ) figures ab\t eighte5 in*es long1 rudely repres5t+ a man & a woman alt]nately1 s t (t5 m ?an fifte5 or tw5ty figures may be c\nt$ on "o piece ( wood1 call$ by !m ,teehee4#bbb ,b ! s\ls ( ! dead1 ?\gh !y inhabit$ *iefly ! wood5 figures erect$ at ! temples or burial-gr\nds 7m>ais1 morais71 7 by no means conf9$ to !m1 & 7 dread$ by ! natives1 :o believ$ t dur+ ! night ^! unquiet spirits crept into p's h\ses & ate ! he>t & entrails ( ! sleep]s1 ?us caus+ _! dea?4#bbc #baf ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #bbb1 vi4 #aej4 #bag ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #cde4 #bah ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ,obs]vations made dur+ a ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 pp4 #eeb1 #eec2 ,g4 ,=/]1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 ii4 #aea sq4 #bai ,j4 ,r4 ,=/] & ,g4 ,=/]1 ll4cc4 #bbj ,w4 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 i4 #cdh1 ! unus1 or curi\sly c>v$ pieces ( wood m>k+ ! sacr$ places ( int]m5t1 & emblematical ( tiis or spirits4 #bba ,g4 ,=/]1 op4 cit4 i4 #bfg4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dfa1 ,les images des ,tiis etai5t placees aux extremites des m>ais et g>dai5t l'ence9te des t]res sacrees4 #bbb ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 op4 cit4 pp4 #edd sq4 ,9 ! s\!rn p59sula ( ,tahiti1 bo? on ! coa/ & inl&1 ,capta9 ,cook saw _m sepul*ral build+s1 & he describ$ !m z decorat$ ) _m c>v$ bo>ds1 :i* 7 set upright1 & on ! top ( :i* 7 v>i\s figures ( birds & m53 on "o 9 p>ticul> !re 0 ! repres5tation ( a cock1 :i* 0 pa9t$ r$ & yell[1 to imitate ! fea!rs ( t animal1 & rude images ( m5 71 9 "s ( !m1 plac$ "o ^u ! head ( ano!r4 ,see ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 i4 #aej sq4 ,^! c>v$ bo>ds 7 no d\bt ( ! same sort z ! tees or teehees describ$ by ! two ,=/]s4 ,no o!r writ] seems to m5tion ! figures ( birds c>v$ on !m4 #bbc ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 op4 cit4 p4 #edc4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,society ,isl&]s appe> to h be5 by no means consi/5t 9 ! views :i* !y held conc]n+ ! fate ( ! s\l aft] dea?4 ,l _m o!r p1 !y seem to h wav]$ betwe5 a belief t ! s\ls ( ! dead l+]$ invisible ne> _! old homes & ! belief t ! disembodi$ spirits w5t away to a di/ant l&1 :]e all human s\ls1 :i* h dep>t$ ?is life1 met & dwelt toge!r4 ,or p]haps x might be m correct to say1 t in/ead ( wav]+ betwe5 ^! two inconsi/5t beliefs1 !y held !m bo? firmly )\t p]ceiv+ _! inconsi/5cy4 ,at all ev5ts ^! isl&]s believ$ t ei!r at dea? or at "s "t aft] x _! s\ls dep>t$ to a di/ant place call$ po or ,night1 ! common abode ( gods & ( dep>t$ spirits4#bbd ,?i!r ! s\l 0 conduct$ by o!r spirits1 & on its arrival x 0 eat5 by ! gods1 n all at once1 b by degrees4 ,!y imag9$ t ! s\ls ( ance/ors or relatives1 :o rank$ among ! gods1 scrap$ ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! newly arriv$ _s ) a k9d ( s]rat$ %ell at diff]5t times1 aft] :i* !y ate & dige/$ x4 ,if ! s\l und]w5t ?is process ( be+ eat5 & dige/$ ?ree sep>ate times1 x became a deifi$ or imp]i%able _s & might visit ! _w & inspire liv+ folk4#bbe ,accord+ to "o acc\nt1 ! s\l 0 cook$ :ole 9 an e>?-ov51 z pigs are bak$ on e>?1 & 0 !n plac$ 9 a basket ( coco-nut leaves be=e be+ s]v$ up to ! god :om ! deceas$ _h wor%ipp$ 9 life4 ,by ?is cannibal div9ity he 0 n[ eat5 up2 aft] :i*1 ?r\gh "s inexplicable process1 ! dead & dev\r$ man emanat$ f ! body ( ! god1 & became immortal4#bbf ,9 ! isl& ( ,raiatea ! great god ,oro 0 suppos$ to use a scallop-%ell to scrape ! fle% f ! bones ( newly deceas$ bodies1 previ\s to _! be+ conv]t$ into pure spirits by be+ dev\r$ by him1 & aft]w>ds trans=m$ by pass+ ?r\gh ! laboratory ( 8 cannibal /oma*4#bbg ,?is process ( be+ dev\r$ by a god 0 n conceiv$ ( z a puni%m5t inflict$ on wick$ p aft] dea?2 = good & bad s\ls _h alike to submit to x4 ,r1 ,capta9 ,cook tells u1 ! natives consid]$ ?is coalition ) ! deity z a k9d ( purification necess>y to be und]gone be=e !y ent] a /ate ( bliss4 ,=1 accord+ to _! doctr9e1 if a man refra9 f all connexion ) wom5 "s mon?s be=e dea?1 he passes imm$iately into 8 et]nal mansion1 )\t su* a previ\s union2 z if already1 by ?is ab/95ce1 he 7 pure en\gh to be exempt$ f ! g5]al lot4#bbh ,a slightly diff]5t acc\nt ( ?is process ( spiritual purification is giv5 by ! fir/ mission>ies to ,tahiti4 ,!y say t :5 ! _s dep>ts f ! body1 !y h a notion x is swall[$ by ! eatooa 7atua7 bird1 :o frequ5ts _! bury+-places & morais1 & passes ?r\gh him 9 ord] to be purifi$1 & be unit$ to ! deity4 ,& su* are aft]w>ds employ$ by him to att5d o!r human be+s & to inflict puni%m5t1 or remove sickness1 z %all be deem$ requisite4#bbi #bbd ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cif4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #cdf2 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dca2 ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #ccj4 #bbe ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cif sq42 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dcc4 #bbf ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 ,j\rnal ( ,voyages & ,travels1 i4 #bgc2 comp>e ib4 pp4 #ccj sq4 #bbg ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #eba sq4 #bbh ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vi4 #aej4 #bbi ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 pp4 #cde sq4 ,9 spite ( ! purification :i* ! s\ls ( ! dead und]w5t by pass+ ?r\gh ! body ( a god or ( a div9e bird1 !y 7 believ$ to be n :olly dive/$ ( ! passions :i* _h actuat$ !m 9 life on e>?4 ,if ! s\ls ( =m] enemies met 9 ! _w beyond ! grave1 !y r5ew$ _! battles1 b app>5tly to no purpose1 s9ce !y 7 acc\nt$ invuln]able 9 ?is invisible /ate4 ,aga91 :5 ! s\l ( a dead wife arriv$ 9 ! _s l&1 x 0 kn[n to ! s\l ( h] dead husb&1 if he _h gone be=e1 & ! two r5ew$ _! acqua9tance 9 a spaci\s h\se1 call$ t\rooa1 :]e ! s\ls ( ! deceas$ assembl$ to recreate !mselves ) ! gods4 ,aft] t ! pair retir$ to ! sep>ate abode ( ! husb&1 :]e !y rema9$ = ev] & _h (fspr+1 :i*1 h[ev]1 0 entirely spiritual2 = !y 7 nei!r m>ri$ nor 7 _! embraces suppos$ to be l ^? ( corporeal be+s4#bcj #bcj ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vi4 #aej sq4 ,9 g5]al ! situation ( po or ! l& ( ! dead seems to h be5 left vague & indef9ite by ! ,society ,isl&]s2 app>5tly !y did n1 l ! ,we/]n ,polynesians1 imag9e x to be 9 "s f> we/]n isle1 to rea* :i* ! s\ls ( ! dep>t$ _h to cross a wide expanse ( sea4#bca ,h[ev]1 ! natives ( ,raiatea _h v def9ite ideas on ?is my/]i\s subject4 ,!y ?\ght t po 0 situat$ 9 a my/]i\s & unexplor$ cav]n at ! top ( ! highe/ m\nta9 9 ! isl&4 ,?is cav]n1 p]haps ! crat] ( a volcano1 0 said to communicate1 by subt]ranean passages1 ) a cave on ! coa/1 ! op5+ ( :i* is s small t a *ild ( two ye>s c\ld h>dly creep into x4 ,"h an evil _s 7v>u i9o7 0 said to lurk &1 p\nc+ out on c>eless pass]s-by1 to drag !m into ! d>ke/ recesses ( 8 d5 & dev\r !m4 ,aft] ! conv]sion ( ! natives to ,*ri/ianity ! mission>ies 7 %[n ! spot4 ,ne> x 7 ! ru9s ( a temple ( ! w> god1 :]e multitudes ( ! corpses ( w>riors sla9 9 battle _h be5 ei!r buri$ or left to rot on ! gr\nd4 ,! mission>ies saw _m m\ld]+ fragm5ts ( skeletons4 ,n f> (f a cape jutt$ into ! sea1 up ! l(ty & precipit\s face ( :i* ! s\ls ( ! dead 7 said to climb on _! way to _! long home 9 ! cav]n at ! top ( ! m\nta94 ,a native in=mant assur$ ! mission>ies t he _h (t5 se5 !m scal+ ! dizzy crag1 bo? m5 & wom54#bcb #bca ,see above1 pp4 #hg sq41 #bad sqq41 #bch sqq4 #bcb ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #ecg sq4 ,9 ! isl& ( ,borabora ! fate ev5 ( k+s aft] dea? 0 believ$ to be a melan*oly "o4 ,_! s\ls 7 conv]t$ into a piece ( furniture resembl+ an ,engli% hat-/&2 only 9 ,borabora ! correspond+ ut5sil 0 ! bran* ( a tree ) ! lat]al =ks cut %ort1 on :i* bonnets1 g>m5ts1 baskets1 & s =? 7 susp5d$4 ,! natives v naturally conclud$ t 9 ! o!r _w a simil> /& 0 want$ = ! conv5i5ce ( ! gho/s1 to hang _! hats & coats on4 ,k+s :o %rank f ! prospect ( be+ conv]t$ into a hat-/& aft] dea? made int]e/ ) ! prie/ to save !m f su* a degradation4 ,s :5 a k+ :o _h be5 great & p[]ful 9 life saw 8 end approa*+1 he w\ld s5d to ! prie/s ! mo/ co/ly pres5ts1 su* z f\r or five ( ! l>ge/ & fatte/ hogs1 z _m ( ! be/ canoes1 & any r>e & valuable ,european article :i* he happ5$ to possess4 ,9 return ! prie/s pray$ = him daily at ! temples till he di$2 & aft]w>ds 8 dead body 0 br\ght to "o ( ^! sacr$ edifices & kept upright !re = sev]al days & nights1 dur+ :i* yet l>g] gifts 7 s5t by 8 relatives1 & ! mo/ exp5sive sacrifices (f]$ to ! idols4 ,! decay+ corpse 0 !n remov$1 plac$ on a canoe1 & r[$ out on ! lagoon z f> z an op5+ 9 ! reef1 only to be br\ght back aga9 9 l mann]2 :ile all ! "t ! prie/s recit$ _! pray]s & p]=m$ _! lugubri\s c]emonies ov] x on ! wat] z well z on ! l&4 ,f9ally1 ! m\ld]+ rema9s 7 laid out to rot on a plat=m 9 "o ( ! usual *>nel-h\ses4#bcc #bcc ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #cca sq4 ,conv]sion into a hat-/& 0 n1 p]haps1 ! wor/ t c\ld happ5 to ! s\l ( a ,society ,isl&] aft] dea?4 ,9 ! isl& ( ,raiatea !re is a lake surr\nd$ by trees1 ! tops ( :i* appe> curi\sly flat4 ,on ?is v]dant plat=m ! spirits ( ! newly dep>t$ 7 said to dance & fea/ toge!r until1 at a subsequ5t /age ( _! exi/5ce1 !y 7 conv]t$ into cockroa*es4#bcd ,! s\ls ( infants kill$ at bir? 7 suppos$ to return 9 ! bodies ( gras%opp]s4#bce #bcd ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #ebb4 #bce ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dee4 ,b ! ,society ,isl&]s 7 f> f ?9k+ t ! s\ls ( ! dead h]d$ toge!r indiscrim9ately 9 ! o!r _w4 ,!y imag9$ t ! spirits 7 discrim9at$ & assign$ to abodes ( diff]5t degrees ( happ9ess or mis]y1 n accord+ to _! virtues or vices 9 ?is life1 b accord+ to ! rank :i* !y _h occupi$ 9 society1 "o receptacle ( sup]ior attractions be+ occupi$ by ! s\ls ( *iefs & o!r pr9cipal p1 :ile ano!r ( an inf]ior sort suffic$ to lodge ! s\ls ( ! l[] ord]s4 ,= !y did n suppose t _! good or bad actions 9 ?is life affect$ 9 ! lea/ _! lot 9 ! life h]eaft]1 or t ! deities took acc\nt ( any su* di/9ction4 ,?us _! religion ex]t$ no influ5ce on _! morality4#bcf ,happ9ess & mis]y 9 ! _w beyond ! grave1 we are told1 7 ! de/9y ( individuals1 altoge!r irrespective ( _! moral "* & virtu\s conduct4 ,! only crimes t 7 visit$ by ! displeasure ( _! deities 7 ! neglect ( "s rite or c]emony1 or ! fail+ to furni% requir$ (f]+s4#bcg #bcf ,j4 ,cook1 i4 #bbb4 ,comp>e id41 vi4 #aej2 ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ,obs]vations made on a ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 pp4 #eec sqq4 #bcg ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cig4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dcc4 ,! ,society ,isl&]s1 especially ! natives ( ! ,leew>d ,isl&s1 believ$ t "s ( ! s\ls ( ! dead 7 de/9$ to enjoy a k9d ( heav5 or p>adise1 :i* !y call$ ,rohutu noanoa1 sweet-sc5t$ ,rohutu4 ,?is blissful region 0 suppos$ to be ne> a l(ty & /up5d\s m\nta9 9 ! isl& ( ,raiatea1 n f> f ! h>b\r ,hamani9o4 ,! m\nta9 w5t by ! "n ( ,temehani unauna1 spl5did or glori\s ,temehani4 ,x 0 probably ! same ) ! l(ty m\nta9 on ^: summit popul> fancy plac$ ! po or common abode ( ! dead4#bch ,b ! p>adise 0 invisible to mortal eyes1 be+ situat$ 9 ! regions ( ! air 7reva74 ,! c\ntry 0 describ$ z mo/ lovely & en*ant+ 9 appe>ance1 adorn$ ) fl[]s ( e %ape & hue1 & p]fum$ ) od\rs ( e fragrance4 ,! air 0 pure & salubri\s4 ,e sort ( delight 0 to be enjoy$ !re2 :ile ri* vi&s & delici\s fruits 7 suppli$ 9 abundance = ! celebration ( sumptu\s fe/ivals4 ,h&some y\?s & wom5 ?rong$ ! place4 ,b ^! hon\rs & pleasures 7 only = ! privileg$ ord]s--! *iefs & ! memb]s ( ! society ( ! ,areois--= only !y c\ld af=d to pay ! heavy *>ges :i* ! prie/s exact$ = a passport to p>adise2 common folk seldom or nev] dream$ ( attempt+ to procure = _! relatives admission to ! abode ( bliss4 ,ev5 ap>t f ! exp5se ( gett+ to heav51 x is probable t ! %>p di/9ction kept up betwe5 *iefs & common]s "h on e>? w\ld be expect$ to be ma9ta9$ h]eaft]1 & to exclude e p]son ( ! humbl] sort f ! society ( 8 bett]s 9 ! future life4#bci ,! o!r less exclusive1 & no d\bt less exp5sive1 place = dep>t$ spirits1 9 contra/ to sweet-sc5t$ ,rohutu1 w5t by ! significant "n ( f\l-sc5t$ ,rohutu2 b ov] ! nature ( ! sub/ances :i* e>n$ = x ?is unsav\ry appellation our mission>y au?ority pref]r$ to draw a veil4#bdj #bch ,see above1 p4 #cag4 #bci ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #bde sq41 #cig2 ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #dcd sq4 #bdj ,j4 ,williams1 ,n>rative ( ,mission>y ,ent]prises 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 p4 #dgf4 ,accord+ to "o acc\nt1 ! s\ls ( ! dead 7 suppos$ to ga!r 9 ! sun1 :]e !y fea/$ ) ! god ,ma\we or ,o-,mauwee 7,maui7 on bread-fruit & ! fle% ( pigs or dogs1 & drank nev]-end+ draughts ( kava4#bda #bda ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ,obs]vations made dur+ a ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 p4 #eec2 ,g4 ,=/]1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 ii4 #aea4 ,b :]ev] ! s\ls ( ! dead 7 imag9$ to dwell1 we may inf] t !y 7 cr$it$ ) ! p[] ( return+ to e>? = a long] or %ort] "t to b5efit or injure ! liv+4 ,= we h se5 t sickness & dea? 7 commonly ascrib$ to ! action ( ^! spirits1#bdb :i* seems to imply t !y revisit$ ?is sublun>y _w on _! err&s ( mis*ief4 ,accord+ly1 :5ev] ! natives approa*$ by night "o ( ! *>nel-h\ses 9 :i* dead bodies 7 expos$1 !y 7 />tl$ 9 ! same mann] t _m ( our ignorant & sup]/iti\s p are ) ! appreh5sion ( gho/s1 & at ! sight ( a *ur*y>d4 ,aga91 ! s\ls ( ! dep>t$ 7 sometimes ?\ght to communicate ) _! fri5ds 9 dreams & to ann\nce to !m ?+s t %\ld aft]w>ds come to pass1 ?us enabl+ ! dream] to =etell ! future4 ,=ekn[l$ge ?us acquir$1 h[ev]1 0 conf9$ to p>ticul> p]sons1 & su* fav\r$ dream]s enjoy$ a reputation little inf]ior to t ( ! inspir$ prie/s4 ,"o ( !m prophesi$ to ,capta9 ,cook on ! /r5g? ( a communication v\*saf$ to him by ! s\l ( 8 deceas$ fa!r 9 a dream2 b ! ev5t prov$ t ! gho/ 0 out 9 8 reckon+ by five days4#bdc #bdb ,see above1 pp4 #bii sqq4 #bdc ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vi4 #aeb4 ,! fe> ( gho/s 9 ! m9ds ( ! ,society ,isl&]s has long surviv$ _! conv]sion to ,*ri/ianity2 inde$1 we are in=m$ t x is z rampant z ev]4 ,no ord9>y native w\ld d>e to visit "o ( ! lonely caves :]e ! m\ld]+ bones or skulls ( 8 =efa!rs 7 deposit$ = safety 9 days ( old4#bdd ,at "o po9t on ! we/]n coa/ ( ,tahiti1 :]e ! m\nta9s advance 9 precipices close to ! sea1 ! road :i* skirts _! base is a place ( fe> to ! natives4 ,= 9 ^! precipices are caves full ( skulls1 & ! gho/s :o reside 9 ! cav]ns are report$ sometimes to we>y ( _! own society & to come d[n to ! road = company1 :]e 9 a sportive ve9 !y play all sorts ( tricks on pass]s-by4 ,n s long ago ?ree ,tahitians 7 rid+ home at dusk f ,papeete1 :]e !y _h be5 dr9k+ rum4 ,j at ! pass "u ! cliff !y 7 surpris$ by gho/s1 :o ?rew !m into ! dit* at ! side ( ! road4 ,s great is ! dread :i* ! natives ent]ta9 ( app>itions at ?is spot t ! ,gov]nm5t has be5 compell$ to div]t ! road1 s t x no long] skirts ! foot ( ! haunt$ m\nta91 b gives x a wide b]?1 & runs 9 a long sweep by ! edge ( ! sea4#bde #bdd ,a4 ,baessl]1 ,neue ,su$see-,bild]1 p4 #cg4 #bde ,a4 ,baessl]1 op4 cit4 pp4 #hc sq4 ,aga91 at ano!r po9t on ! we/ coa/ ( ,tahiti1 :]e mighty m\nta9s1 a glori\s sea1 & little coral isl&s ) _! groves ( palms1 (f] a view ( en*ant+ beauty1 !re is said to be a cave conta9+ ! skulls ( *iefs 9 a jutt+ cliff half-way up ! m\nta94 ,! cave 0 9 *>ge ( an old man 9 ^: family ! (fice ( gu>dian 0 h]$it>y4 ,x _h be5 entru/$ to him by 8 fa!r on 8 dea?b$1 & ! son _h kept ! secret fai?fully ev] s9ce4 ,9 va9 did a travell] seek to p]suade ! old man to guide him to ! cave2 9 va9 did ! *ief himself beg ( him to reveal ! grotto :i* conceal$ ! m\ld]+ relics ( 8 =efa!rs4 ,! gu>dian 0 obdurate2 he believ$ t ! _w 0 n wide en\gh to hold two m5 :o knew ! holy place4 ,he assur$ ! travell] t nobody c\ld rea* ! cave )\t ! help ( ! gho/s1 s p]p5dicul> & s smoo? 0 ! face ( ! cliff t l$ up to x4 ,:5 he himself wi%$ to make 8 way to x1 8 cu/om 0 to g to ! foot ( ! crag & pray1 till ! spirits came & waft$ him lightly up & d[n aga92 o!rwise x w\ld h be5 a %e] impossibility = him to asc5d & desc5d4#bdf #bdf ,a4 ,baessl]1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ha sq4 ,sec4 #aj4 ,! ,wor%ip ( ! ,dead ,! belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( ! spirits ( ! dead1 & 9 _! p[] to help or h>m ! liv+1 naturally l$ ! ,society ,isl&]s1 l s _m o!r peoples ( ! _w1 to propitiate ^! p[]ful be+s1 to sue _! fav\r1 or to appease _! ang] by pray] & sacrifice1 9 %ort1 to wor%ip !m4 ,on ?is subject ! fir/ mission>ies to ^! isl&]s tell u t1 9 addition to ! great] gods1 = g5]al wor%ip !y h an inf]ior race1 a k9d ( dii p5ates4 ,ea* family has its tee or gu>dian _s3 he is suppos$ to be "o ( _! dep>t$ relatives1 :o1 = 8 sup]ior excell5ces1 has be5 exalt$ into an eatooa 7atua74 ,!y suppose ?is _s c inflict sickness or remove x1 & pres]ve !m f a malignant deity :o also be>s ! "n tee1 & is always employ$ 9 mis*ief4#bdg ,e family has its tee1 or gu>dian _s1 :om !y set up1 & wor%ip at ! morai4#bdh ,!y reg>d ! spirits ( _! ance/ors1 male & female1 z exalt$ into eatooas 7atuas7 & _! fav\r to be secur$ by pray]s & (f]+s4 ,e sickness & unt[>d accid5t !y e/eem z ! h& ( judgm5t = "s (f5ce committ$4#bdi ,z = ! mis*iev\s _s :o bore ! same "n z ! wor%ipful _s ( a dead ance/or1 ! mission>ies say t ! evil demon nam$ ,tee has no p[] b ^u e>?2 & ?is he ex]cises by gett+ into !m ) _! food1 & caus+ madness or o!r diseases2 b ^! !y imag9e _! tutel> sa9ts1 if propiti\s1 c prev5t or remove4#bej #bdg ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #cdd4 #bdh ,t4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #cdc4 #bdi ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 p4 #cde4 ,! g5]al "n = deity1 9 all its ramifications1 is eatooa 7id4 p4 #cdc74 #bej ,j4 ,wilson1 p4 #cdf4 ,we may suspect t ! mission>ies 7 mi/ak5 9 ?us %>ply di/+ui%+ betwe5 an evil demon & a tutel> sa9t1 bo? ( :om w5t by ! same "n 7tee74 ,probably ! evil demon & ! tutel> sa9t 7 alike suppos$ to be s\ls ( dead p]sons1 ) ?is diff]5ce betwe5 !m1 t :]eas ! "o _h be5 good & b5efic5t 9 8 life1 ! o!r _h be5 bad & malefic5t2 = x is a common belief t ! dead reta9 9 ! o!r _w ! "* & disposition :i* !y manife/$ on e>?1 & t accord+ly z disembodi$ spirits !y may b5efit or injure _! surviv+ relatives4#bea ,?us accord+ to 8 "* & behavi\r 9 ?is pres5t /ate ( exi/5ce a p]son's gho/ may naturally develop ei!r into a god or into a devil4 #bea ,9 confirmation ( my conjecture t ! mission>ies mi/ook a g5]al "n 7tee1 o!rwise spell$ tii7 = ! "n ( a p>ticul> demon1 ,i may po9t out t ! naturali/ ,j4 ,r4 ,=/] be=e !m seems to h fall5 into precisely ! same mi/ake ) reg>d to ano!r g5]al "n = dep>t$ spirits 7oramatuas or oromatuas74 ,?us he writes3 ,besides ^! div9ities ( ! second class1 !re are o!rs ( a /ill inf]ior rank1 & ?\gh call$ ,eatooas1 are no m ?an :at ! ,greek or ,roman my?ologi/s w\ld h call$ ,g5ii1 or ,dii m9orum g5tium3 "o ( !m1 call$ ,orometooa1 is ( a malignant disposition1 resides *iefly ne> ! ,m>ais & ,toopap\s 7places ( burial7 & 9 or ne> ! boxes1 or little *e/s1 includ+ ! heads ( _! deceas$ fri5ds1 ea* ( :i*1 on t acc\nt1 is call$ ,te-:>re no te ,orometooa1 ! h\se ( ! evil g5ius ,orometooa1 ,! p at ,taheitee are ( op9ion1 t if _! prie/s invoke ?is evil g5ius1 he w kill1 by a sudd5 dea?1 ! p]son on :om !y int5d to br+ d[n ! v5geance ( ?is div9ity4 ,see ,j4 ,r4 ,=/]1 ,obs]vations made dur+ a ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 pp4 #eda sq4 ,9 ?is passage we c h>dly d\bt t ?is evil g5ius1 ,orometooa1 is simply ! oramatuas or oromatuas1 ! spirits ( ! dead1 by means ( :om sorc]]s 7 suppos$ to injure or de/roy any "o at :om !y or _! employ]s _h a grudge4 ,see above1 p4 #bii1 & bel[1 pp4 #cbc sqq4 ,x is to be fe>$ t 9 ! case ( ,tahitian gho/s ! c\rse ( spiritual evolution 0 r 9 ! direction ( devilry ?an ( deity4 ,at lea/ ?is conclusion seems =c$ on u by ! acc\nt :i* ,william ,ellis1 p]haps our be/ au?ority on ,tahitian religion1 gives ( ! "* ( ^! wor%ipful be+s4 ,i w reproduce x 9 8 own words4 ,! objects ( wor%ip among ! ,tahitians1 next to ! atua or gods1 7 ! oramatuas tiis or spirits4 ,^! 7 suppos$ to reside 9 ! po1 or _w ( night1 & 7 nev] invok$ b by wiz>ds or sorc]]s1 :o implor$ _! aid = ! de/ruction ( an enemy1 or ! injury ( "s p]son :om !y 7 hir$ to de/roy4 ,!y 7 consid]$ a diff]5t ord] ( be+s f ! gods1 a k9d ( int]m$iate class betwe5 !m & ! human race1 ?\gh 9 _! pray]s all ! attributes ( ! gods 7 ascrib$ to !m4 ,! oramatuas 7 ! spirits ( dep>t$ fa!rs1 mo!rs1 bro!rs1 si/]s1 *ildr51 etc4 ,! natives 7 greatly afraid ( !m1 & pres5t$ (f]+s to avoid be+ curs$ or de/roy$1 :5 !y 7 employ$ by ! sorc]]s4 ,!y seem to h be5 reg>d$ z a sort ( demons4 ,9 ! ,leew>d ,isl&s1 ! *ief oramatuas 7 spirits ( dep>t$ w>riors1 :o _h di/+ui%$ !mselves by f]ocity & murd]1 attributes ( "* usually suppos$ to belong to ^! evil g5ii4 ,ea* celebrat$ tii 0 hon\r$ ) an image1 ?r\gh :i* x 0 suppos$ 8 influ5ce 0 ex]t$4 ,! spirits ( ! reign+ *iefs 7 unit$ to ?is class1 & ! skulls ( deceas$ rul]s1 kept ) ! images1 7 hon\r$ ) ! same wor%ip4 ,"s idea ( :at 0 reg>d$ z _! rul+ passion1 may be inf]r$ f ! fe>ful appreh5sions con/antly ent]ta9$ by all classes4 ,!y 7 suppos$ to be exce$+ly irritable & cruel1 av5g+ ) dea? ! slighte/ insult or neglect1 & 7 kept )9 ! prec9cts ( ! temple4 ,9 ! m>ae ( ,tane at ,maeva1 ! ru9s ( _! abode 7 /ill /&+ :5 ,i la/ visit$ ! place4 ,x 0 a h\se built ^u a numb] ( l>ge /rong poles1 :i* rais$ ! floor t5 or twelve feet f ! gr\nd4 ,!y 7 ?us elevat$1 to keep !m out ( ! way ( m51 z x 0 imag9$ !y 7 con/antly /rangl+1 or o!rwise de/roy+1 ! *iefs & p4 ,to prev5t ?is1 !y 7 also treat$ ) great respect2 m5 7 appo9t$ con/antly to att5d !m1 & to keep !m wrapp$ 9 ! *oice/ k9ds ( clo?1 to take !m out :5ev] !re 0 a pae atua1 or g5]al exhibition ( ! gods2 to ano9t !m frequ5tly ) fragrant oil2 & to sleep 9 ! h\se ) !m at night4 ,all ?is 0 done1 to keep !m pacifi$4 ,& ?\gh ! (fice ( calm+ ! angry spirits 0 hon\rable1 x 0 reg>d$ z dang]\s1 = if1 dur+ ! night or at any o!r "t1 ^! keep]s 7 guilty ( ! lea/ impropriety1 x 0 suppos$ ! spirits ( ! images1 or ! skulls1 w\ld hurl !m headlong f _! high abodes1 & break _! necks 9 ! fall4#beb #beb ,w4 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es4 i4 #ccd-ccf4 ,! diff]5ce 9 p[] & dignity betwe5 ! great national gods 7atuas7 & ! spirits ( deceas$ relations 7oramatuas tiis7 might be measur$ by ! size ( _! images2 = :]eas ! images ( ! gods 7 six or eight feet long1 ^? ( ! spirits 7 n m ?an s _m in*es4#bec ,b :ile ^! malignant & irritable spirits--! s\ls ( dead fa!rs1 mo!rs1 bro!rs1 si/]s1 & *ildr5--resid$ g5]ally ei!r 9 _! little images or 9 _! skulls1 !y 7 n /rictly conf9$ to ^! mat]ial vehicles2 !y resort$ occasionally to ! %ells f ! sea%ore1 especially to a beautiful k9d ( murex1 ! ,murex ramoces4 ,^! %ells 7 kept by ! sorc]]s1 & ! peculi> s++ or humm+ s\nd t may be he>d :5 ! valve is appli$ to ! e> 0 imag9$ to proce$ f ! demon 9 ! %ell4#bed #bec ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #ccg4 #bed ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cfc4 ,x 0 ^! malignant & dang]\s demons :om ! sorc]] employ$ z 8 ag5ts to execute 8 fell purposes4 ,b to effect !m he _h to secure some?+ connect$ ) ! body ( 8 int5d$ victim1 x might be ! p>+s ( 8 nails1 a lock ( 8 hair1 8 spittle or o!r bodily secretions1 or else a portion ( ! food :i* he 0 ab\t to eat4 ,ov] ?is mat]ial sub/ance1 :atev] x 01 ! sorc]] recit$ 8 incantations & p]=m$ 8 magical rites ei!r 9 8 own h\se or 9 8 private temple 7m>ae74 ,! result 0 believ$ to be t ! demon ent]$ into ! sub/ance1 & ?r\gh x pass$ into ! body ( ! man at :om ! en*ant] aim$ 8 elfi% d>ts4 ,! wret*$ suff]] exp]i5c$ ! acute/ agonies2 8 di/ortions 7 frightful to witness2 8 eyes seem$ />t+ f 8 head2 he foam$ at ! m\?2 he lay wri?+ 9 angui% on ! gr\nd2 9 %ort1 to adopt ! native expression1 he 0 torn by ! evil _s4 ,yet 8 case 0 n hopeless2 ! demon c\ld be mollifi$ by a bribe1 or defeat$ by ! int]v5tion ( a m p[]ful demon4 ,h5ce1 :5 any "o 0 believ$ to be suff]+ f ! incantations ( a sorc]]1 if he or 8 fri5ds 7 ri* en\gh !y engag$ ano!r sorc]] = a fee to c\nt]act ! spells ( ! fir/ & s to re/ore ! heal? ( ! invalid4 ,x 0 g5]ally suppos$ t ! ef=ts ( ! second sorc]] w\ld be cr[n$ ) success if only ! demon :om he employ$ 7 equally p[]ful ) t at ! comm& ( 8 rival1 & if ! pres5ts :i* he receiv$ = 8 pr(essional s]vices 7 m valuable4 ,9 ord] to avoid ! dang] ( be+ ?us bewit*$ ?r\gh ! refuse ( _! p]sons1 ! ,tahitians us$ scrupul\sly to burn or bury _! %orn hair1 le/ x %\ld fall into ! h&s ( en*ant]s4#bee #bee ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cfc-cgj4 ,x is possible t "s ev5 ( ! great national gods 7 no m ?an gho/s ( dead m51 ^: human orig9 0 =gott54 ,!re is "s reason = suppos+ t ?is 0 true ( ,hiro1 ! god ( ?ieves4 ,on ! "o h&1 ?is deity 0 reput$ to be ! son ( ! great god ,oro2#bef & :5 a "m desir$ h] *ild to gr[ up a clev] ?ief1 %e repair$ to a temple1 :]e ! prie/1 on receipt ( ! requisite (f]+s1 caught ! _s ( ! god 9 a sn>e & infus$ x into ! infant1 ?us ensur+ ! future pr(ici5cy ( ! infant 9 ! arts ( !ft & robb]y4#beg ,yet1 9 spite ( ^! claims to div9ity1 !re are "s gr\nds = ?9k+ t ,hiro 0 himself orig9ally no bett] ?an a ?ief & a robb]4 ,he is said to h be5 a native ( ,raiatea1 f ^: sacrilegi\s f+]s n ev5 ! temples & alt>s ( ! gods 7 safe4 ,8 skull 0 %[n 9 a l>ge temple ( 8 own con/ruction 9 t isl& d[n to ! e>ly ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,8 hair1 too1 0 /uff$ into ! image ( 8 reput$ fa!r1 ! god ,oro1 & p]i%$ :5 t image 0 committ$ to ! flames by ! e>ly conv]ts to ,*ri/ianity4#beh #bef ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iii4 #aab1 #abe4 #beg ,j4 ,williams1 ,n>rative ( ,mission>y ,ent]prises 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 pp4 #dff sq4 #beh ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #bed sq4 ,z to ,hiro1 ! god ( ?ieves1 see also ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #ddg-ddi4 ,once a ye> ! ,society ,isl&]s celebrat$ a fe/ival accompani$ by rites1 ( :i* "o has be5 comp>$ to ! ,roman ,ca?olic cu/om ( p]=m+ a mass = ! b5efit ( s\ls 9 purgatory4 ,! fe/ival 0 call$ ! rip5+ ( ! ye>1 & ! "t = its obs]vance 0 det]m9$ by ! blossom+ ( re$s4 ,x 0 regul>ly obs]v$ 9 ! isl& ( ,huah9e1 & va/ multitudes assembl$ to take "p 9 x4 ,z a rule1 only m5 engag$ 9 ! pagan fe/ivals1 b at ?is p>ticul> "o wom5 & *ildr5 7 also pres5t1 ?\gh !y 7 n all[$ to ent] ! sacr$ enclosure4 ,! celebration 0 reg>d$ z a k9d ( annual ackn[l$gm5t made to ! gods4 ,pray]s 7 (f]$ at ! temple1 & a sumptu\s banquet =m$ "p ( ! fe/ival4 ,at ! close ( ! fe/ival e "o return$ to 8 home1 or to 8 family temple 7m>ae71 !re to (f] special pray]s = ! spirits ( dep>t$ relatives1 t !y might be lib]at$ f ! po1 or /ate ( ,night1 & might ei!r asc5d to p>adise 7sweet-sc5t$ ,rohutu7 or return to ?is _w by ent]+ into ! body ( "o ( its inhabitants4 ,b !y did n suppose1 accord+ to ! g5]ally receiv$ doctr9e ( transmigration1 t ! spirits :o ent]$ ! body ( "s dwell] ^u e>?1 w\ld p]man5tly rema9 !re1 b only come & inspire ! p]son to decl>e future ev5ts1 or execute any o!r commission f ! sup]natural be+s on :om !y imag9$ !y 7 con/antly dep5d5t4#bei #bei ,w4 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 i4 #cea sq4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,a4 ,mo]5h\t1 op4 cit4 i4 #ejb note#a1 #ebc4 ,h5ce we le>n t ! spirits ( ! dead z well z ! gods 7 believ$ to be capable ( inspir+ m5 & reveal+ to !m ! future4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 o!r respects1 ! dead 7 assimilat$ to deities4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,belief ,,9 ,,immortality ,,among ,,! ,,m>quesans ,sec4 #a4 ,! ,m>quesas ,isl&s ,! ,m>quesas are an ar*ipelago ( elev5 or twelve *ief isl&s 9 ! ,s\? ,pacific1 situat$ ab\t n9e hundr$ miles to ! nor?-ea/ ( ,tahiti4 ,!y fall into two gr\ps1 :i* toge!r /ret* 9 a direction f nor?-we/ to s\?-ea/1 f #h deg4 to #aa deg4 ( ,s\? latitude4 ,! s\?-ea/]n gr\p1 ( :i* ,hivaoa 7,dom9ica7 is ! l>ge/ isl&1 0 discov]$ by ! ,spani% ,admiral ,alv>o ,m5dana de ,neyra 9 #aeie1 b1 s f> z appe>s1 x 0 n aga9 visit$ by ,europeans until #aggd1 :5 ,capta9 ,cook t\*$ at ! isl&s on 8 second voyage4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 ! nor?-we/]ly gr\p1 ( :i* ,nukahiva is ! l>ge/ & mo/ important isl&1 rema9$ unkn[n until #agia1 :5 x 0 discov]$ by ! ,am]ican ,capta9 ,+raham1 :o nam$ ! gr\p ! ,wa%+ton ,isl&s4 ,ab\t a mon? lat]1 9 ,june #agia1 ! ,fr5* navigator ,m>*& visit$ ! same isl&s1 & 9 #agig ! fir/ mission>y1 ,william ,crook1 0 l&$ f ! mission>y %ip ,duff4 ,! :ole ar*ipelago is n[ kn[n z ! ,m>quesas1 a "n :i* ! ,spani% ,admiral ,m5dana be/[$ on ! isl&s discov]$ by him 9 hon\r ( ! ,m>quess de ,canete1 ,vic]oy ( ,p]u1 by ^: ord] ! voyage _h be5 und]tak54#a #a ,capta9 ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 iii4 #bgd sqq42 ,g4 ,=/]1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 ii4 #e sqq42 ,c4 ,p4 ,cl>et ,fleurieu1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w p]=m$ by ,e4 ,m>*& 7,london1 #ahja71 i4 #bg sqq41 #ee sqq42 ,j4 ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 pp4 lxxiii4 sqq41 #abg sqq42 ,a4 ,j4 von ,krus5/]n1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w 7,london1 #ahac71 i4 #acf2 ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 ,iles ,m>quises ou ,n\ka-hiva 7,p>is1 #ahdc71 pp4 #a sqq41 #ab sq42 ,le ,p4 ,ma?ias ,g----1 ,lettres sur les ,iles ,m>quises 7,p>is1 #ahdc71 pp4 #g sqq42 ,p4 ,e4 ,eyriaud des ,v]gnes1 ,l',ar*ipel des ,iles ,m>quises 7,p>is1 #ahgg71 pp4 #a sqq42 ,c4 ,e4 ,me9icke1 ,die ,inseln des ,/ill5 ,oceans1 ii4 #bce sq42 ,f4 ,h4 ,h4 ,guillem>d1 ,au/ralasia1 ii4 #ebb4 ,! isl&s are ( volcanic =mation1 l(ty & m\nta9\s4 ,! int]ior consi/s g5]ally ( a range ( m\nta9s "s ?ree ?\s& feet high1 f :i* a s]ies ( spurs desc5d /eeply to ! coa/1 t]m9at+ = ! mo/ "p 9 trem5d\s cliffs1 at ! foot ( :i* ! great roll]s break 9 foam2 = ) a s+le exception !re are no coral reefs1 & a %ip c sail 9 deep wat] )9 a cable's l5g? ( ! rocks4 ,view$ at a di/ance f ! sea1 ! aspect ( ! isl&s is some:at /]n & =bidd+4 ,b>e m\nta9s1 jagg$ peaks1 sometimes lo/ 9 ! cl\ds1 & an iron-b\nd coa/ ( black & beetl+ crags1 buffet$ et]nally by ! surf1 make up a gloomy picture2 b a ne>] view discloses v]dant valleys ne/l+ betwe5 ! ridges :i* radiate f ! c5tral m\nta9s4 ,^! valleys are wat]$ by m\nta9 /reams & clo!d ) d5se tropical vegetation1 _! luxuriant gre5 (f]+ an agreeable contra/ to ! b>5ess & aridity ( ! fr[n+ precipices & %>p peaks :i* so> above !m4 ,cascades tumbl+ f high cliffs into ! dep?s ( ! gl5s add to ! beauty & *>m ( ! sc5]y4 ,s /eep & precipit\s are ! ridges :i* divide ^! smil+ vales f ea* o!r t ! asc5t & desc5t are 9 _m places bo? difficult & dang]\s ev5 = ! natives2 ,european m\nta9e]s ne$ to h /\t limbs & /eady heads to accompli% !m 9 safety4 ,h5ce 9 =m] days ea* valley conta9$ a sep>ate tribe1 :i* 0 commonly 9 a /ate ( p]man5t ho/ility t[>ds its neighb\rs across ! m\nta9 b>ri]s4#b ,( ^! tribes ! mo/ fam\s 7 ! w>like & dread$ ,taipiis or ,typees1 :o occupi$ a beautiful valley at ! ea/]n end ( ,nukahiva1 & 9 _! m\nta9 fa/ness deem$ !mselves inaccessible to _! enemies4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury an ,am]ican naval (fic]1 ,capta9 ,david ,port]1 succe$$1 n )\t great difficulty1 9 c>ry+ havoc & deva/ation into ^! sylvan sc5es4#c ,lat] 9 ! c5tury a runaway ,am]ican sailor1 ,h]mann ,melville1 sp5t m ?an f\r mon?s z a captive 9 ! tribe1 & publi%$ an agreeable n>rative ( 8 captivity2 b nev] hav+ ma/]$ ! language1 he 0 n able to give mu* exact in=mation conc]n+ ! cu/oms & beliefs ( ! natives4#d ,z !re is no m>itime pla9 int]pos$ betwe5 ! m\nta9s & ! %ore1 ! only way ( pass+ f "o valley to ano!r is ei!r to g by sea or to clamb] ov] ! int]v5+ ridges4 ,x w\ld be mat]ially impossible1 we are told1 unless at enorm\s & ru9\s co/1 to make a road or ev5 a mule-pa? r\nd any ( ! ,m>quesas ,isl&s1 z has be5 done 9 ,tahiti4#e #b ,z to ! =mation & sc5]y ( ! isl&s1 see ,krus5/]n1 op4 cit4 i4 #aaj2 ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 ,visit to ! ,s\? ,seas 7,london1 #ahcb71 i4 #aic sqq42 ,f4 ,d4 ,b5nett1 ,n>rative ( a ,:al+ ,voyage r\nd ! ,globe 7,london1 #ahdj71 i4 #bii sqq42 ,h4 ,melville1 ,typee1 pp4 #h sq41 #ag sq41 & passim 7,ev]yman's ,libr>y72 ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ach sq42 ,p4 ,e4 ,eyriaud des ,v]gnes1 op4 cit4 pp4 #hd sq42 ,clavel1 ,les ,m>quisi5s 7,p>is1 #ahhe7 pp4 #a sq42 ,c4 ,e4 ,me9icke1 op4 cit4 ii4 #bcf sq42 ,f4 ,h4 ,h4 ,guillem>d1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ebb sq42 ,a4 ,baessl]1 ,neue ,su$see-,bild] 7,b]l91 #aijj71 pp4 #aib sq41 #bbj sqq4 ,z to ! extreme difficulty ( scal+ ! m\nta9s & precipices to pass f "o valley to ano!r1 see p>ticul>ly ,m4 ,radiguet1 ,les ,d]ni]s ,sauvages 7,p>is1 #ahhb71 pp4 #aja sq41 note4 #c ,capta9 ,david ,port]1 ,j\rnal ( a ,cruise made to ! ,pacific ,ocean1 ,second ,edition 7,new ,york1 #ahbb71 ii4 #hf sqq4 #d ,h4 ,melville1 ,typee 7,london1 ,ev]yman's ,libr>y1 no date74 ,! fir/ edition ( ?is book 0 publi%$ 9 #ahdf4 ,melville's resid5ce among ! ,taipiis 7,typees7 fell 9 ! ye> #ahda4 #e ,p4 ,e4 ,eyriaud des ,v]gnes1 op4 cit4 p4 #he4 ,despite _! situation 9 ! he>t ( ! tropics1 ! ,m>quesas enjoy an extremely heal?y climate subject to none ( ! inconv5i5ces usually incid5tal to c\ntries 9 ! same latitude2 endemic & epidemic diseases are alike unkn[n4 ,european soldi]s c "w 9 ! sun )\t accid5t & )\t exhau/ion4#f ,! climate has be5 describ$ z an et]nal spr+1 )\t w9t] or ev5 autumn2 ?\gh a p]petual succession ( ripe fruits may seem to l5d an autumnal air to ! l&scape1 :i* yet is nev] *ill$ by ho> fro/s or sadd5$ by ! sight ( b>e b\ghs & fall5 leaves4#g ,ev5 9 ! hotte/ days a cool w9d bl[s f ! sea1 & at night !re is a breeze f ! l&4 ,ra9 falls dur+ "s mon?s ( ! ye>1 especially f ,may or ,june to ,augu/ or ,septemb]2 b on ! :ole !re is little v>iation 9 ! seasons2#h ! ,m>quesan ye> has be5 describ$ z "o long tropical mon? ( ,june j melt+ into ,july4#i ,yet we are told t ! nor!rn isl&s sometimes suff] f dr\ghts :i* may la/ = ye>s2 at su* times vegetation langui%es1 till a fre% cl\d-bur/ re/ores ! v]dure ( ! trees & grass z by magic4#aj ,x is !n1 too1 t ! cascades ev]y:]e enliv5 ! l&scape by ! glitt] & ro> ( _! tumbl+ wat]s1 :i*1 aft] dropp+ f ! height1 fl[ rapidly d[n _! /eep b$s into ! sea4#aa #f ,m4 ,radiguet1 ,les ,d]ni]s ,sauvages 7,p>is1 #ahhb71 pp4 #cjd sq42 ,p4 ,e4 ,eyriaud des ,v]gnes1 op4 cit4 p4 #eg4 #g ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 p4 #id4 #h ,p4 ,e4 ,eyriaud des ,v]gnes1 op4 cit4 p4 #eg4 ,comp>e ,m4 ,radiguet1 ,les ,d]ni]s ,sauvages1 pp4 #cjd sq4 #i ,h4 ,melville1 ,typee1 p4 #bbj4 #aj ,a4 ,baessl]1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bbb sq4 #aa ,m4 ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 p4 #cjd4 ,sec4 #b4 ,physical ,appe>ance ( ! ,natives ,obs]v]s are g5]ally agre$ t f ! purely physical po9t ( view ! ,m>quesan isl&]s are1 or us$ to be1 ! noble/ specim5s ( ! ,polynesian race4 ,capta9 ,cook rem>k$ t ! inhabitants ( ^! isl&s collectively are1 )\t exception1 ! f9e/ race ( p 9 ?is sea4 ,= f9e %ape & regul> features1 !y p]haps surpass all o!r nations4#ab ,to ! same effect ! naturali/ ,george ,=/]1 :o accompani$ ,capta9 ,cook1 gives 8 impression ( a cr[d ( ,m>quesan m51 among :om 7 no wom54 ,he says3 ,!y 7 tall1 & extremely well limb$2 n "o ( !m unwieldy or corpul5t l a ,taheitian1 nor meagre & %rivell$ l a native ( ,ea/] ,isl&4 ,! punctuation 7by :i* he meant ! tattoo+7 :i* almo/ entirely cov]$ ! m5 ( a middle age1 made x difficult to di/+ui% _! elegance ( =m2 b among ! y\?s1 :o 7 n yet m>k$ or tattoo$1 x 0 easy to discov] beauties s+ul>ly /rik+1 & (t5 )\t a blemi%1 su* z dem&$ ! admiration ( all behold]s4 ,_m ( !m might be plac$ ne> ! fam\s models ( antiquity1 & w\ld n suff] 9 ! comp>ison3 ,qualis aut ,nireus fuit1 aut aquosa ,raptus ab ,ida4 ,,hor4 ,! natural col\r ( ^! y\?s 0 n q s d>k z t ( ! common p 9 ! ,society ,isles2 b ! m5 appe>$ to be inf9itely black]1 on acc\nt ( ! punctures :i* cov]$ _! :ole body1 f head to foot4 ,^! punctures 7 dispos$ ) ! utmo/ regul>ity2 s t ! m>ks on ea* leg1 arm1 & *eek1 & on ! correspond+ muscles1 7 exactly simil>4 ,!y nev] assum$ ! det]m9ate =m ( an animal or plant1 b consi/$ ( a v>iety ( blot*es1 spirals1 b>s1 *equ]s1 & l9es1 :i* _h a mo/ motley appe>ance4#ac #ab ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 iii4 #bhd4 #ac ,g4 ,=/]1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 ii4 #ad sq4 ,comp>e ,krus5/]n1 op4 cit4 i4 #aeb sq42 ,u4 ,lisiansky1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w 7,london1 #ahad71 p4 #he2 ,g4 ,h4 von ,langsdorff1 ,reise um die ,welt 7,frankfurt am ,mayn1 #ahab71 i4 #ib sqq42 ,fleurieu1 op4 cit4 i4 #if sqq42 ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 pp4 #baf sqq42 ,eyriaud des ,v]gnes1 op4 cit4 p4 #ci4 ,simil>ly1 speak+ ( ! ,taipiis or ,typees1 ,melville obs]ves1 ,9 beauty ( =m !y surpass$ any?+ ,i _h ev] se54 ,n a s+le in/ance ( natural de=mity 0 obs]vable 9 all ! ?rong att5d+ ! revels4 ,occasionally ,i notic$ among ! m5 ! sc>s ( w\nds !y _h receiv$ 9 battle2 & sometimes1 ?\gh v seldom1 ! loss ( a f+]1 an eye1 or an arm1 attributable to ! same cause4 ,) ^! exceptions1 e individual appe>$ free f ^? blemi%es :i* sometimes m> ! effect ( an o!rwise p]fect =m4 ,b _! physical excell5ce did n m]ely consi/ 9 an exemption f ^! evils2 ne>ly e individual ( _! numb] might h be5 tak5 = a sculptor's model4#ad ,z to _! /ature1 ! same writ] affirms t ! m51 9 almo/ e in/ance1 are ( l(ty /ature1 sc>cely ev] less ?an six feet4#ae ,simil>ly ,capta9 ,port] tell u t !y are f> above ! common /ature ( ! human race1 seldom less ?an five feet elev5 in*es1 b mo/ commonly six feet two or ?ree in*es1 & e way proportion$4 ,_! faces are rem>kably h&some1 ) ke51 pi]c+ eyes2 tee? :ite1 & m beautiful ?an ivory2 c\nt5ances op5 & expressive1 :i* reflect e emotion ( _! s\ls2 limbs :i* might s]ve z models = a /atu>y1 & /r5g? & activity proportion$ to _! appe>ance4#af ,ano!r obs]v] rem>ks ( !m t ! natives be> ! palm = p]sonal beauty f mo/ o!r ( ! ,polynesian tribes4 ,! m5 are tall & muscul>1 ?\gh r slightly fram$2 _! deportm5t is graceful & indep5d5t2 _! features are h&some1 & p>take m ( ! ,european regul>ity ( pr(ile ?an is usual ) ,polynesian isl&]s4#ag ,! nose is /raight or aquil9e1 sometimes %ort or slightly flatt5$1 b nev] ill-%ap$3 ! m\? is nev] l>ge nor ! lips ?ick3 ! =ehead is r l[ & some:at retreat+4#ah ,! hair is almo/ always /raight or wavy2 m5 or wom5 ) frizzly hair are v seldom se51 especially 9 ! nor?-we/]n gr\p4 ,! col\r ( ! sk91 :]e x is n d>k5$ by tattoo+1 is a cle> br[n1 resembl+ ! bronz$ appe>ance acquir$ by ,europeans ?r\gh exposure to a tropical sun4#ai ,! wom5 are bo? absolutely & relatively %ort] ?an ! m52 inde$ ,melville describes !m z uncommonly dim9utive4 ,_! complexion is light]2 9 ! p>ts ( ! body :i* are seldom expos$ to ! sun !y are ev5 said to appe> z :ite z ,european wom54 ,_! features are good1 b r pretty ?an beautiful2 _! h&s & feet are v %apely4 ,unlike ! m51 :o are1 or us$ to be1 tattoo$ f head to foot1 ! wom5 7 tattoo$ v little1 & t *iefly on ! lips4#bj ,!y took pa9s to :it5 _! sk9 by avoid+ exposure to ! sun & by wa%+ !mselves ) ! juice ( a small native v9e1#ba or by sme>+ !mselves ) a cosmetic 9 :i* ! yell[ ( ! turm]ic root pr$om9at$4#bb #ad ,h4 ,melville1 ,typee1 p4 #aid4 #ae ,h4 ,melville1 ,typee1 p4 #aie4 #af ,david ,port]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #eh sq4 #ag ,f4 ,d4 ,b5nett1 op4 cit4 i4 #cjd4 #ah ,m4 ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 p4 #afi4 #ai ,eyriaud des ,v]gnes1 op4 cit4 p4 #ci4 #bj ,eyriaud des ,v]gnes1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ci sq42 ,h4 ,melville1 ,typee1 p4 #aie4 #ba ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 ,visit to ! ,s\? ,seas1 i4 #bca sq41 :o speaks highly ( ! beauty ( ! wom54 ,b ! g5]al op9ion appe>s to be t ! ,m>quesan wom5 are mu* less h&some ?an ! m54 ,see ,langsdorff1 op4 cit4 i4 #id-if2 ,port]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #ei4 #bb ,f4 ,d4 ,b5nett1 op4 cit4 i4 #cjh sq4 ,sec4 #c4 ,food1 ,weapons1 ,tools1 ,h\ses1 ,canoes1 ,fi%+ ,! ,m>quesans subsi/ *iefly on a vegetable diet4 ,_! /aple food is ! bread-fruit1 & _! national di% is a pa/e call$ popoi1 :i* is prep>$ f bread-fruit aft] x has be5 subject$ to a process ( f]m5tation4 ,fi% is also a common article ( diet2 ! natives usually eat x raw1 ev5 :5 x is rott5 & /9k+4 ,!y keep pigs1 b seldom kill !m except = a fe/ival or at ! reception ( a /rang]4 ,h5ce pork is n a regul> or common article ( diet ) !m2 & ap>t f x !y h>dly ta/e fle%4 ,o!r sorts ( food1 su* z bananas1 t>o1 & sug>-cane1 are entirely subsidi>y to ! great /aples1 bread-fruit & fi%4 ,! natives d n readily accu/om !mselves to a ,european diet2 inde$ :5 ! exp]im5t has be5 made ( fe$+ !m exclusively 9 our mann]1 !y h wa/$ away & only recov]$ _! heal? :5 !y 7 all[$ to return to _! usual n\ri%m5t4 ,_! ord9>y bev]age 0 wat]1 b !y 7 also addict$ to ! dr9k+ ( kava1 :i* 0 extract$ f ! root ( ! ,pip] me?y/icum 9 ! usual fa%ion4#bc ,draw+ _! su/5ance *iefly f ! bread-fruit tree1 ! ,m>quesans paid little att5tion to ! cultivation ( ! soil2 h[ev]1 !y grew a c]ta9 am\nt ( t>o1 sweet potatoes1 & sug>-cane2 & !y _h plantations ( ! pap]-mulb]ry1#bd ! b>k ( :i* 0 manufactur$ by ! wom5 into clo? 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,b ! b>k ( o!r trees 0 also employ$ = ! same purpose4 ,s9ce ! natives 7 able to procure ,european /uffs1 ! indig5\s manufacture ( b>k-clo? has mu* decl9$4#be ,h5ce agriculture engag$ ! m5 v little2 fi%+1 ?\gh x 0 "p ( _! bus9ess1 !y are said to h neglect$2 ! only "w ( consequ5ce !y did 0 to build _! h\ses & manufacture _! arms1 b ^! employm5ts occupi$ !m only occasionally4#bf #bc ,eyriaud des ,v]gnes1 op4 cit4 pp4 #db-dd2 ,clavel1 ,les ,m>quisi5s1 pp4 #c sqq4 ,comp>e ,g4 ,=/]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #bg sq42 ,langsdorff1 op4 cit4 i4 #ajf-ajh2 ,fleurieu1 op4 cit4 i4 #aae sq42 ,port]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #ej-ee2 ,f4 ,d4 ,b5nett1 op4 cit4 i4 #caf sq42 ,h4 ,melville1 ,typee1 pp4 #abj-abd1 #agi2 ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bgg sq42 ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ach sq41 #add sq42 ,a4 ,baessl]1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bjh-baa4 ,z to ! prep>ation & dr9k+ ( kava among ! ,m>quesans1 see also ,m4 ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 pp4 #fd-ff4 #bd ,krus5/]n1 op4 cit4 i4 #afd2 ,port]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #ec2 ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 op4 cit4 i4 #bac sq42 ,f4 ,d4 ,b5nett1 op4 cit4 i4 #cde 7:o says t ! only root ! natives cultivate = food is ! sweet potato72 ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 pp4 #adh1 #adi2 ,clavel1 op4 cit4 p4 #ah4 #be ,fleurieu1 op4 cit4 i4 #abb sq42 ,port]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #aaf2 ,b5nett1 op4 cit4 i4 #ccg sq42 ,melville1 ,typee1 pp4 #aeh-afj1 #baj2 ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 pp4 #acg sq42 ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ec sq42 ,eyriaud des ,v]gnes1 op4 cit4 #ee sq42 ,clavel1 op4 cit4 #ai4 #bf ,krus5/]n1 op4 cit4 i4 #afd4 ,! weapons ( ! w>riors 7 clubs1 spe>s1 & sl+s4 ,! sl+s 7 made ( coco-nut fibre1 & ! natives 7 v exp]t 9 ! use ( !m4 ,b[s & arr[s 7 unkn[n4#bg ,l ! re/ ( ! ,polynesians1 ! ,m>quesans 7 totally ignorant ( ! metals until !y acquir$ !m f ,europeans4 ,_! tools 7 made ( /one1 bone1 & %ell4 ,?us !y employ$ a po9t$ /one to bore holes )1 & an axe ( black1 h>d /one = cutt+4 ,! axe-head 0 %ap$ l an elongat$ w$ge or mortise-*isel1 & 0 fa/5$ to ! haft by coco-nut fibre4 ,"s ( ^! axes weigh$ z mu* z tw5ty-five p\nds4 ,! natives also us$ %>p-edg$ or too!d %ells z cutt+ implem5ts1 & bor]s made ( po9t$ bones2 :ile r\gh fi%-sk9s s]v$ !m z poli%]s4#bh ,l ! re/ ( ! ,polynesians1 !y k9dl$ fire by ! me?od kn[n z ! /ick-&-groove1 t is1 by rubb+ ! %>p po9t ( "o /ick aga9/ ! flat surface ( ano!r1 s z to =m a groove 9 x &1 by cont9u$ friction1 to elicit smoke & a gl[1 :i*1 ) ! help ( dry leaves1 is nurs$ into a flame4 ,contr>y to ! usage ( "s peoples1 ! ,m>quesans employ$ ! same k9d ( wood = bo? ! fire-/icks1 ei!r a species ( hibiscus 7,hibiscus tiliaceus7 or a species ( popl> 7,!spesia populnea72 = ?is purpose !y split a bran* 9 two1 l5g?wise1 & us$ ! two pieces z ! fire-/icks4 ,9 =m] days ^! fire-/icks 7 regul>ly kept 9 e native h\se4#bi #bg ,fleurieu1 op4 cit4 i4 #aah sq42 ,krus5/]n1 op4 cit4 i4 #afb2 ,lisiansky1 op4 cit4 p4 #hh2 ,langsdorff1 op4 cit4 i4 #aeb 7b[s & arr[s unkn[n72 ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bhb sq4 #bh ,fleurieu1 op4 cit4 i4 #aba2 ,krus5/]n1 op4 cit4 i4 #afb4 #bi ,h4 ,melville1 ,typee1 pp4 #aah sq42 ,clavel1 ,les ,m>quisi5s1 pp4 #aa sq4 ,comp>e ,g4 ,=/]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #bj2 ,d4 ,port]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #aaf2 ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 p4 #adc4 ,! ,m>quesan h\ses are regul>ly built on /one plat=ms1 oblong or squ>e 9 %ape1 & rais$ above ! gr\nd to heights v>y+ f "o to f\r1 eight1 or ev5 t5 feet4 ,! high] plat=ms are approa*$ f ! gr\nd by ladd]s or not*$ poles4 ,! h\ses1 con/ruct$ ( timb] & bamboo1 are oblong 9 %ape1 & comprise a high back wall1 g5]ally incl9$ =w>d at an angle1 f :i* ! ?at*$ ro( slopes d[n /eeply to a l[ front wall1 :ile two %ort walls close ! h\se at ei!r end4 ,! door is 9 ! middle ( ! front wall1 & is s l[ t x is necess>y to /oop 9 ent]+4 ,sometimes ! fronts ( ! h\ses are entirely op5 except = ! l[ pill>s :i* support ! ro(4 ,! int]ior ( ! h\se =ms a s+le *amb] undivid$ by p>titions4 ,two trunks ( coco-nut palms ext5d p>allel to ea* o!r along ! :ole l5g? ( ! floor at an int]val ( f\r or five feet2 ! inn]mo/ log1 a foot or two di/ant f ! back wall1 =ms a pill[ on :i* ! heads ( ! sleep]s re/1 :ile ! o!r supports _! feet or legs4 ,! space betwe5 ! two logs is pav$ ) /one1 & spread ) mats4 ,9 ! s+le ap>tm5t ! :ole family live & sleep4 ,su* at lea/ 7 ! dome/ic arrangem5ts 9 ! old days4 ,! size ( ! h\ses naturally v>ies4 ,"s ( !m measure eighty feet by =ty1 o!rs only tw5ty-five feet by t51 or ev5 less4#cj #cj ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 iii4 #bhe sq42 ,g4 ,=/]1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ba1 #bd2 ,j4 ,wilson1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aca1 #acd sq42 ,lisiansky1 op4 cit4 p4 #hd2 ,krus5/]n1 op4 cit4 i4 #aei2 ,langsdorff1 op4 cit4 i4 #aji-aaa2 ,port]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #ci sq42 ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 op4 cit4 i4 #bji-baa1 #bab1 #bfg sq42 ,b5nett1 op4 cit4 i4 #cjb sq42 ,melville1 ,typee1 pp4 #ha-hc2 ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bgd-bgf2 ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 pp4 #abb-abi2 ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 pp4 #cf-ch2 ,eyriaud des ,v]gnes1 op4 cit4 pp4 #dd sq42 ,clavel1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ae sq42 ,baessl]1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bjj-bjh4 ,! plat=ms on :i* ! h\ses are built consi/ (t5 ( l>ge blocks ( /one neatly & regul>ly laid )\t mort> or cem5t1 9 a /yle :i* w\ld d no discr$it to ,european masons4#ca ,sometimes ! /ones are describ$ z enorm\s blocks ( rock1#cb "s ( :i* w\ld require t5 or twelve m5 to c>ry or roll !m4#cc ,wat]-worn b\ld]s1 wa%$ d[n f ! m\nta9s 9 ! b$ ( torr5ts1 7 especially *os5 = ! purpose4#cd #ca ,langsdorff1 op4 cit4 i4 #aji sq4 #cb ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 p4 #abi4 #cc ,langsdorff1 l4c4 #cd ,clavel1 op4 cit4 p4 #ae4 ,sometimes1 ?\gh f> less commonly1 ,m>quesan h\ses 7 rais$ above ! gr\nd on po/s f eight or t5 to sixte5 feet high4 ,su* h\ses 7 lightly built ( wood & ?at*$2 ! floor 0 an op5 "w ( split bamboos4 ,sometimes ^! rais$ dwell+s resembl$ ! ord9>y ,m>quesan h\se 9 /ructure2 at o!r times !y 7 quadrangul>1 ) p]p5dicul> walls & an ord9>y ro(4 ,!y 7 approa*$ by ladd]s & resembl$ ! habitations 9 use among ! ,malay tribes ( ! ,indian ,ar*ipelago4 ,no dwell+s ( ?is type h be5 notic$ 9 ,nukahiva1 ! pr9cipal isl& ( ! ar*ipelago2 b !y h be5 se5 & describ$ 9 ,tauata 7,santa ,*ri/9a7 & ,hivaoa 7,dom9ica74#ce #ce ,f4 ,d4 ,b5nett1 op4 cit4 i4 #cjc sq42 ,baessl]1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bjg sq4 ,! ,m>quesans built canoes ( v>i\s sizes1 ! small] = fi%+1 ! l>g] = w>4 ,^! latt] might be f =ty to fifty feet long4 ,!y 7 fitt$ ) outrigg]s4 ,! pr[ _h an ornam5tal projection rudely c>v$ to repres5t ! head ( an animal4 ,sometimes ! pr[s ( w> canoes 7 decorat$ ) ! skulls ( slaught]$ enemies4 ,b 9 g5]al ! ,m>quesans appe> to h be5 inf]ior to ! o!r ,s\? ,sea isl&]s 9 ! arts ( canoe-build+ & navigation4#cf ,?is inf]iority may p]haps h be5 p>tly due to ! abs5ce ( ^? lagoons :i*1 =m$ by coral reefs1 else:]e enabl$ ! natives to acquire confid5ce & skill 9 sail+ on smoo? & %elt]$ wat]s4 ,! same cause may also1 p]haps1 expla9 :y fi%+ 0 comp>atively little practis$ by ! ,m>quesans4 ,we are told t z an occupation x 0 despis$ by su* z own$ a piece ( l& ( any ext5t1 & t only ! poor] class ( p1 :o dep5d$ on ! sea = a livelihood1 addict$ !mselves to x4 ,!y caught fi% by means bo? ( nets & ( l9es ) hooks neatly made ( "m-(-pe>l2 also !y /upefi$ ! fi% by a c]ta9 ma%$ root1 :i* ! fi%]man di/ribut$ 9 ! wat] by div+1 & !n caught ! fi% z !y rose to ! surface4#cg #cf ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 iii4 #bhg2 ,krus5/]n1 op4 cit4 i4 #afc sq42 ,langsdorff1 op4 cit4 i4 #aej2 ,port]1 op4 cit41 ii4 #ab-ad2 ,b5nett1 op4 cit4 i4 #cch2 ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bhj-bhb4 #cg ,krus5/]n1 op4 cit4 i4 #afc4 ,sec4 #d4 ,poly&ry1 ,adoption1 ,ex*ange ( ,names ,! social life ( ! ,m>quesan isl&]s pres5t$ "s peculi> features4 ,?us !y are said to h practis$ ! r>e cu/om ( poly&ry4 ,on ?is subject ,/ew>t obs]ves3 ,we h yet met ) no in/ance1 9 any rank ( society1 ( a male ) two wives1 b are in=m$ t = "o woman to h two husb&s is a univ]sal habit4 ,"s fav\rite 9 ! fa!r's h\sehold or ret9ue at an e>ly p]iod becomes ! husb& ( ! daught]1 :o /ill rema9s "u ! pat]nal ro( till contract$ 9 m>riage to a second individual1 on :i* %e removes ) h] fir/ husb& to 8 habitation1 & bo? h]self & orig9al companion are support$ by him4#ch ,melville describes ! cu/om 9 sub/antially ! same way1 & adds1 ,no man has m ?an "o wife1 & no wife ( mature ye>s has less ?an two husb&s1--sometimes %e has ?ree1 b su* in/ances are n frequ5t4 ,he seems to h attribut$ ! practice to a sc>city ( wom52 = he tells u t ! males consid]ably outnumb] ! females4#ci ,! same view 0 tak5 at a lat] date by ,dr4 ,clavel1 :o obs]ves3 ,9 ! isl&s :]e ! wom5 are 9 a m9ority we may to ?is day obs]ve tol]ably num]\s cases ( poly&ry4 ,?us at ,ua-,una ,i met "s wom5 :o _h ea* two husb&s1 almo/ always "o ( !m "y & ! o!r old4 ,su* h\seholds ( ?ree are n worse ?an ! re/ & nev] give rise to inte/9e diss5sions4#dj ,accord+ to ,radiguet1 ! "r ( hav+ m husb&s ?an "o 0 n g5]al & h>dly belong$ to any b *iefta9esses1#da b ?is limitation is d5i$ by a good au?ority4#db ,! ,russian navigator ,lisiansky1 :o visit$ ! ,m>quesas 9 #ahjd1 seems to h suppos$ t ! cu/om 0 re/rict$ to weal?y families4 ,he says3 ,9 ri* families1 e woman has two husb&s2 ( :om "o may be call$ ! assi/ant husb&4 ,?is la/1 :5 ! o!r is at home1 is no?+ m ?an ! head s]vant ( ! h\se2 b1 9 case ( abs5ce1 ex]cises all ! rights ( matrimony1 & is also oblig$ to att5d 8 lady :]ev] %e goes4 ,x happ5s sometimes1 t ! subord9ate p>tn] is *os5 aft] m>riage2 b 9 g5]al two m5 pres5t !mselves to ! same woman1 :o1 if %e approves _! addresses1 appo9ts "o = ! real husb&1 & ! o!r z 8 auxili>y3 ! auxili>y is g5]ally poor1 b h&some & well-made4#dc #ch ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 op4 cit4 i4 #cag4 #ci ,melville1 ,typee1 pp4 #bjc sq4 #dj ,clavel1 op4 cit4 p4 #fj4 #da ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 #agc4 #db ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 p4 #aaa4 #dc ,lisiansky1 op4 cit4 p4 #hc4 ,z to poly&ry 9 ! ,m>quesas1 see fur!r ,e4 ,we/]m>ck1 ,hi/ory ( ,human ,m>riage1 ,fif? ,edition 7,london1 #aiba71 iii4 #adf sqq4 ,ano!r peculi> habit ( ! ,m>quesans 0 to give away _! *ildr5 to be adopt$ by o!r p soon aft] _! bir?4 ,:5 a woman 0 pregnant1 %e & h] husb& w\ld discuss to :om !y %\ld give ! *ild t 0 ab\t to be born4 ,!y receiv$ (f]s f neighb\rs1 & (t5 knock$ d[n ! infant to ! highe/ bidd]2 = ! adopt+ p>5ts regul>ly made pres5ts to ! *ild's family1 consi/+ ( clo?1 tools1 & pigs1 accord+ to ! =tune ( ! contract+ p>ties4 ,aft] bir? ! *ild rema9$ ) its "m = "s mon?s till x 0 wean$1 ^u :i* x 0 s5t away to its p>5ts by adoption1 :o might inhabit a diff]5t di/rict & ev5 a diff]5t isl&4 ,x is said to h be5 exceptional = p>5ts to br+ up _! own (fspr+4#dd #dd ,eyriaud des ,v]gnes1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ai sq42 ,clavel1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ef1 #fa sq4 ,ano!r mode by :i* ! ,m>quesans creat$ artificial relation%ips 0 ! ex*ange ( names4 ,su* an ex*ange 0 equival5t to a ratification ( amity & good-w betwe5 ! p]sons1 :o !reby acquir$ a claim to mutual protection & ! enjoym5t ( ea* o!r's prop]ty & ev5 ( _! wives1 if !y happ5$ to be m>ri$ m54 ,! cu/om 0 n limit$ to ! natives2 !y readily ex*ang$ names ) ,europeans & grant$ !m ! privileges :i* fl[$ f ! pact4 ,x is ev5 said t "s natives gave _! own names to animals1 :i* !nce=? became sacr$ = !m & = ! re/ ( ! tribe4 ,?is l$ to s _m inconv5i5ces t ! prie/s _h to =bid ! practice ( ex*ang+ names ) animals4#de #de ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 pp4 #af sq41 #aeh sq42 ,clavel1 op4 cit4 pp4 #fa sq4 ,sec4 #e4 ,amusem5ts1 ,danc+-places1 ,banquet+-halls ,a fav\rite amusem5t ( ! isl&]s 0 rac+ or combat+ on /ilts4 ,a /ilt 0 compos$ ( two pieces1 a pole ( light wood :i* ! runn] held 9 8 h&1 & a /ep or foot-re/ ( h>d wood1 on :i* he plant$ "o ( 8 feet4 ,! /ep or foot-re/ 0 (t5 adorn$ ) human figures curi\sly c>v$1 :i* are said to h repres5t$ gods4 ,! races or combats took place on ! pav$ areas :i* 7 to be se5 9 mo/ villages1 & :i* =m$ ! sc5e ( public ent]ta9m5ts4 ,9 ^! conte/s ea* runn] or combatant tri$ to get 9 ! way ( 8 adv]s>y1 &1 balanc+ himself on "o /ilt1 to /rike 8 rival ) ! o!r1 s z to br+ him to ! gr\nd amid ! laught] & je]s ( ! spectators4 ,x has sometimes be5 suppos$ t ! use ( /ilts 9 ! ,m>quesas orig9at$ 9 ! practical purpose ( enabl+ p to cross a /ream )\t wett+ _! feet4 ,b ! supposition is highly improbable4 ,=1 on ! "o h&1 ! /reams 9 ! isl&s are m]e rivulets1 :i* dry up = ! great] "p ( ! ye>2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ! natives are almo/ amphibi\s1 (t5 sp5d+ :ole days 9 ! wat]1 & swimm+ = h\rs )\t fatigue4 ,h5ce x is absurd to imag9e t !y inv5t$ /ilts simply to keep _! feet dry at cross+ a %all[ /ream4#df #df ,fleurieu1 op4 cit4 i4 #aai sq41 #abd2 ,langsdorff1 op4 cit4 i4 #adf2 ,port]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #abd-abf2 ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 p4 #bhd2 ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 p4 #if4 ,z = ! ability ( ! natives to swim 9 ! sea = h\rs )\t fatigue1 comp>e ,j4 ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 p4 #abi4 ,b p]haps ! mo/ popul> recreation ( ! ,m>quesans 0 danc+ & s++1 :i* =m$ a lead+ feature ( _! fe/ivals4 ,e inhabit$ di/rict _h its danc+-place1 a sort ( public squ>e1 :]e places 7 set ap>t = ! use ( ! p]=m]s1 ! musicians1 & ! spectators4 ,^! h be5 describ$ by ! mission>y1 ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 f p]sonal obs]vation4 ,he says1 ,our walk t]m9at$ at :at may be call$ ! !atre or op]a h\se ( ! settlem5t1 a l>ge rectangul> plat=m ( /one pavem5t1 surr\nd$ by l[ t]races also laid ) /one2 ! fir/ design$ = ! public exhibitions ( ! song & ! dance1 & ! la/ = ! accommodation ( ! spectators :o assemble to witness ! p]=mance4 ,ent]ta9m5ts ( ?is k9d are ! mo/ fa%ionable & fav\rite amusem5ts at ! ,wa%+ton & ! ,m>quesan gr\ps4 ,e inhabit$ di/rict has its ,tahua1 or public squ>e ( ?is k9d2 "s ( !m s ext5sive1 x is said1 z to be capable ( accommodat+ t5 ?\s& p4#dg ,aga91 speak+ ( ano!r ( ^! danc+-places1 ! same writ] obs]ves1 ,?is ,tahua1 or !atre1 is a /ructure altoge!r sup]ior to t visit$ by u ye/]day1 & s massive & well built z to be capable ( endur+ = ages4 ,x is a regul> oblong squ>e1 ab\t sixty feet 9 l5g? & =ty broad4 ,! out] wall consi/s ( imm5se /ones1 or slabs ( rock1 ?ree feet high1 & _m ( !m f\r or six feet long1 jo9$ closely toge!r & hewn ) a regul>ity & neatness truly a/oni%+1 9 view ( ! rude implem5ts by :i* x mu/ h be5 accompli%$4 ,on a level ) ! top ( ?is out] wall1 a pavem5t ( l>ge flat /ones1 sev]al feet 9 wid?1 ext5ds entirely r\nd1 =m+ seats = ! *iefs1 w>riors1 & o!r p]sons ( di/9ction1 & s+]s p]=m+ ! recitatives & *oruses accompany+ ! dance4 ,)9 ?is1 & "s in*es l[]1 is ano!r pavem5t /ill wid]1 hav+ l>ge flat-topp$ /ones fix$ 9 x at regul> int]vals ( six or eight feet1 us$ z seats by ! beat]s on ! drums1 & o!r rude in/rum5ts ( music1 & imm$iately )9 ?is aga91 an unpav$ area1 "s tw5ty feet long by twelve broad1 con/itut+ ! /age on :i* ! danc]s exhibit _! skill4#dh #dg ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 op4 cit4 i4 #bad sq4 #dh ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 op4 cit4 i4 #bcc sq4 ,comp>e ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bfe sq4 ,"s ( ^! danc+-places appe> to h be5 mu* l>g] ?an ^? se5 by ,/ew>t4 ,accord+ to ,langsdorff !y 7 sometimes n less ?an a hundr$ fa?oms 9 l5g?1 & ! great smoo? pavem5t consi/$ ( blocks ( /one1 sev]al feet broad1 laid s neatly & s close toge!r t y might h imag9$ x to be ! "w ( ,european ma/]-masons4#di ,radiguet describes "o su* danc+-place z a rectangul> area eighty metres 7ab\t two hundr$ & sixty feet7 long by ?irty metres 7ab\t "o hundr$ feet7 broad1 & surr\nd$ by a t]race pav$ ) /one1 on :i* ! spectators 7 seat$4#ej #di ,langsdorff1 op4 cit4 i4 #ach4 #ej ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 p4 #aie4 ,! fe/ivals 7koikas7 celebrat$ at ^! places 7 ei!r p]iodical or occasional4 ,among ! p]iodical p]haps ! mo/ important 0 t held at ! +a!r+ ( ! bread-fruit h>ve/ 9 ,febru>y & ,m>*4 ,among ! occasional 7 ^? held aft] a successful fi%+1 at ! ratification ( peace1 & aft] ! dea? ( a prie/ or *ief1 :o _h be5 rais$ to ! rank ( a deity4 ,a mess5g] deck$ 9 all ! native f9]y repair$ to ! surr\nd+ villages invit+ ! inhabitants to att5d ! fe/ival4 ,imm5se numb]s ( hogs 7 kill$ & huge tr\ghs fill$ ) bread-fruit 7 provid$ by ! ho/s = ! banquet4 ,! fe/ivals 7 att5d$ n only by ! p ( ! p>ticul> valley 9 :i* !y 7 held1 b by ! inhabitants ( o!r valleys & ev5 ( o!r isl&s2 = s long z a fe/ival la/$1 a special taboo =bade ! natives to h>m ! /rang]s 9 _! mid/4 ,a g5]al truce 0 obs]v$2 memb]s ( ho/ile tribes came to %>e ! pleasures ( ! fe/ival ) ! foes :om !y _h rec5tly f\ght1 & :om !y w\ld fight aga9 9 a few days4#ea ,yet su* visitors 7 c>eful to obs]ve c]ta9 precautions3 !y nev] came un>m$1 & !y always kept toge!r on "o side ( ! fe/ival gr\nd1 9 ord] t !y might rally ! m easily = mutual def5ce1 if !y %\ld be sudd5ly attack$4#eb #ea ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 op4 cit4 i4 #bcf sq42 ,f4 ,d4 ,b5nett1 op4 cit4 i4 #cah2 ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bfd sq42 ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 pp4 #fi sqq42 ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aib sq4 #eb ,langsdorff1 op4 cit4 i4 #ach4 ,! p]=m]s :o sang & danc$ at ^! fe/ivals = ! ent]ta9m5t ( ! public 7 call$ ,hokis or ,kaioas3 !y are describ$ z a sort ( w&]+ tr\bad\rs or m9/rels1 :o w5t f tribe to tribe1 seek+ _! =tune4 ,!y took great c>e ( _! p]sons1 :i* !y artificially :it5$4 ,at once poets1 musicians1 & danc]s1 !y nev]!less did n enjoy ! public e/eem2 on ! contr>y1 _! effem9ate habits incurr$ ! contempt ( a p :o _h small ta/e = ! f9e arts4#ec ,?us ^! w&]+ m9/rels & m\ntebanks w\ld seem to h correspond$ to ! ,areois ( ! ,society ,isl&s4#ed ,! dances 7 accompani$ by ! beat+ ( drums & ! songs ( a *orus1 x might be ( a hundr$ & fifty s+]s1 :o sat on ! upp] plat=m along ) ! *iefs & w>riors4 ,sometimes 9 ! int]vals betwe5 ! dances a *oir ( wom51 seat$ on an adjo9+ & elevat$ plat=m1 w\ld *ant 9 dull monoton\s tones1 clapp+ _! h&s l\dly 9 unison ) _! song4 ,! subjects ( ! songs 7 v>i\s & 7 (t5 furni%$ by "s pass+ ev5t1 su* z ! arrival ( a %ip or any less novel incid5t4 ,n unfrequ5tly1 l ballads 9 our own c\ntry1 ! songs caught ! popul> fancy & became fa%ionable1 be+ sung 9 private by all classes ( society4 ,s passionately addict$ 7 ! ,m>quesans to ^! ent]ta9m5ts t !y und]took ! longe/ & mo/ fatigu+ j\rneys f all p>ts ( ! isl& 9 ord] to be pres5t at !m1 c>ry+ _! food & suff]+ great h>d%ips by ! way2 !y ev5 came 9 _! crazy canoes1 at ! haz>d ( _! lives1 f o!r isl&s1 & accept$ ! risk ( be+ knock$ on ! head at "o ( ! brawls ) :i* su* ga!r+s usually end$4#ee #ec ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 p4 #bca4 ,comp>e ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 op4 cit4 i4 #bcg1 :o calls ! p]=m]s ,kaioi4 #ed ,see above1 pp4 #bei sqq4 #ee ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 op4 cit4 i4 #bcd1 #bcf1 #bcg4 ,closely connect$ ) ! fe/ivals 7 ! banquet+-halls1 z !y may be call$4 ,^! 7 h\ses1 or r %$s1 ?at*$ ) leaves & op5 9 front1 :]e ! l[] end ( ! slop+ ro( 0 support$ on %ort wood5 pill>s1 ( :i* ! upp] p>ts 7 rudely c>v$ 9 ! lik5ess ( ! god ,tiki1 ?us =m+ a sort ( ,c>yatids4 ,^! %$s v>i$ 9 l5g? f ?irty to sixty & ev5 two hundr$ feet 9 l5g?4 ,!y /ood on quadrangul> /one plat=ms ( ! usual type1 rang+ f ?ree or f\r to six1 eight1 twelve1 & ev5 fifte5 feet 9 height4 ,! blocks ( /one put toge!r to =m ! plat=ms 7 sometimes enorm\s1 _m ( !m measur+ eight feet long by f\r feet ?ick & wide2 & !y 7 hewn & poli%$ into su* p]fect =m z to excite ! wond] ( ! ,european behold]1 :o reflect$ ) a/oni%m5t on ! va/ lab\r requisite to br+ ^! huge rocks f ! sea & to *isel !m into %ape )\t ! help ( iron tools4 ,access to ! plat=ms 0 af=d$ by slop+ trunks ( trees not*$ into /eps4 ,9 ^! op5 %$s ! m5 fea/$ & pray$4 ,be=e ea* repa/ x 0 cu/om>y to (f] to ! deity a small portion ( food wrapt 9 leaves4 ,sometimes ! prie/s w\ld ?ru/ ! morsels into ! m\?s ( ,tiki's grotesque images4 ,no woman might ent] ^! banquet+-halls or m\nt ! plat=ms on :i* !y /ood4 ,! place 0 /rictly taboo$ to !m1 & ! taboo 0 signifi$ 9 ! usual way by long p5nants ( :ite clo? atta*$ to ! po/s ( ! h\se4#ef #ef ,port]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #ch sq42 ,f4 ,d4 ,b5nett1 op4 cit4 i4 #cag sq42 ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ed-ef2 ,melville1 ,typee pp4 #ic-ie4 ,( ^! writ]s x is ,port] :o gives ! dim5sions ( "s ( ! blocks ( /one compos+ ! plat=ms & expresses 8 amazem5t at ! lab\r involv$ 9 _! con/ruction4 ,he concludes 8 description z foll[s 7ii4 #ci73 ,:5 we c\nt ! imm5se numb]s ( su* places1 :i* are ev]y:]e to be met )1 our a/oni%m5t is rais$ to ! highe/1 t a p 9 a /ate ( nature1 unassi/$ by any ( ^? artificial means1 :i* s mu* assi/ & facilitate ! lab\r ( ! civiliz$ man1 c\ld h conceiv$ & execut$ a "w1 :i*1 to e behold]1 mu/ appe> /up5d\s4 ,^! piles are rais$ ) views to magnific5ce alone2 !re does n appe> to be ! slighte/ utility att5d+ !m3 ! h\ses situat$ on !m are unoccupi$1 except dur+ ! p]iod ( fea/+1 & !y appe> to belong to a public1 )\t ! :ole ef=ts ( :i* !y c\ld n h be5 rais$1 & ) e ex]tion t c\ld possibly h be5 made1 ye>s mu/ h be5 requisite = ! completion ( !m4 ,( "o ( ^! /ructures se5 by him 9 ! ant]ior ( ,nukahiva1 ,/ew>t obs]ves1 ,! /ones1 be>+ m>ks ( antiquity t ?rew ! air ( an old family mansion ar\nd ! :ole1 7 regul>ly hewn & jo9$ ) ! greate/ nicety1 _m :i* ,i measur$ be+ f f\r to six feet 9 l5g?1 ne>ly z wide1 & two or m deep 7,visit to ! ,s\? ,seas1 i4 #bfg sq474 ,sec4 #f4 ,social ,ranks1 ,taboo ,socially ! ,m>quesans 7 divid$ into *iefs or nobles & common]s2 b ! *iefs seem to h possess$ v little au?ority1 & to h receiv$ few outw>d m>ks ( def]5ce & respect4 ,a mon>*ical gov]nm5t 9 any prop] s5se ( ! ^w 0 unkn[n4#eg ,! p[] ( ! *iefs1 su* z x 01 re/$ ma9ly on _! sup]ior weal?1 p>ticul>ly on _! l&$ prop]ty2 = ! l>g] _! e/ates1 ! great] ! numb] ( ! t5ants ^: s]vices !y c\ld comm&4 ,h5ce ! gov]nm5t has be5 call$ ari/ocratic & comp>$ to ! feudal sy/em4#eh ,9 a fruitful season ! *iefs _h a "r to a f\r? "p ( ! produce1 & 9 o!r seasons a %>e accord+ to circum/ances4 ,_! dignity 0 h]$it>y4#ei ,!re 0 no g5]al gov]nm5t ( ! ar*ipelago z a :ole4 ,ea* isl& 0 q indep5d5t ( all ! re/2 & 9 e isl& !re 7 sev]al indep5d5t tribes1 :i* 7 g5]ally at w> ) ea* o!r4#fj #eg ,krus5/]n1 op4 cit4 i4 #afe2 ,langsdorff1 i4 #aab sq42 ,fleurieu1 op4 cit4 i4 #acb-acd2 ,port]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #fd2 ,melville1 ,typee1 p4 #aii2 ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 p4 #bbe2 ,eyriaud des ,v]gnes1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bd sq4 #eh ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 #aja sq4 #ei ,lisiansky1 op4 cit4 p4 #hj4 #fj ,lisiansky1 op4 cit4 pp4 #gi sq42 ,clavel1 op4 cit4 p4 #fb4 ,a p[]ful in/rum5t 9 ! h&s ( ! nobles 0 ! taboo or tapu1 :i*1 ?\gh x seems to h be5 orig9ally a religi\s in/itution1#fa 0 turn$ to political & economic acc\nt by ! *iefs & prie/s act+ 9 conjunction4 ,"o ( our be/ au?orities on ! ,m>quesans describes ! in/itution z a tool ( despotism = ! gratification ( ! passions & caprices ( su* z c\ld wield x4#fb ,b ?is is a some:at "o-sid$ & imp]fect view to take ( its scope4 ,!re is no d\bt1 z o!r good au?orities on ! ,m>quesans h po9t$ out1 t 9 ! abs5ce ( a /rong gov]nm5t :i* c\ld ma9ta9 ord] & protect life & prop]ty1 ! taboo to a great ext5t s]v$ ! purposes :i* 9 m civilis$ society are fulfill$ by laws4#fc ,! taboo 0 a sacr$ int]diction1 a brea* ( :i* 0 believ$ ( itself to entail disa/r\s consequ5ces on ! transgressor4 ,! int]diction might be ei!r public or private4 ,to give examples ( public int]dictions1 :5 ! quantity ( breadfruit1 on :i* ! p dep5d$ = _! subsi/5ce1 0 f any cause s]i\sly dim9i%$ 9 a di/rict1 ! *ief _h ! "r to impose a taboo on bread-fruit trees = tw5ty mon?s1 dur+ :i* no "o might ga!r ! fruit4 ,?is close "t all[$ ! trees to recov] _! /r5g? & f]tility4 ,simil>ly1 if fi% 7 sc>ce1 ! *ief might pron\nce a taboo on ! neighb\r+ bay1 or a "p ( x1 9 ord] to all[ ! fi% to multiply undi/urb$ & repl5i% ! sea 9 ! neighb\rhood ( human habitations4 ,aga91 9 ! prospect ( a great fe/ival1 a *ief might lay an int]dict on pigs = two or ?ree ye>s 9 advance1 9 ord] t1 :5 ! "t came1 !re might be pl5ty ( pork = ! multitude at ! banquet4 ,simil>ly1 :5 ! pap]-mulb]ry1 f :i* ! ,m>quesans made _! b>k-clo?1 ?reat5$ to give out1 ! *ief might lay ! trees "u an int]dict = five ye>s1 at ! end ( :i* ! crop 0 sure to be magnific5t4#fd ,9 ^! & simil> cases ! taboo 0 ( public utility by ensur+ a prop] supply ( ! necess>ies ( life4 ,h[ev]1 its imposition 0 n always guid$ by rational consid]ations1 & h5ce x sometimes fail$ ( its purpose4 ,= example1 s long z ! bread-fruit 0 unripe1 almo/ all k9ds ( fi% 7 taboo & !re=e might n be eat51 & ?is int]diction1 in/ead ( alleviat+1 t5d$ naturally to aggravate ! sc>city ( food4 ,! reason = ! taboo 0 a curi\s sup]/ition t if any "o 7 to eat fi% :ile ! bread-fruit 0 unripe1 ! fruit w\ld fall f ! trees4#fe #fa ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 pp4 #dg sq42 ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 p4 #bei4 #fb ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 p4 #aec4 #fc ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 pp4 #beh sq42 ,clavel1 op4 cit4 pp4 #fe sq4 #fd ,eyriaud des ,v]gnes1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ce sq4 ,comp>e ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 p4 #aee4 #fe ,langsdorff1 op4 cit4 i4 #aah4 ,b ! taboo also s]v$ a useful purpose by ensur+ respect = private prop]ty1 :i* is a fundam5tal condition ( social prosp]ity4 ,! prie/s only1 we are told1 c impose a g5]al taboo1 b e individual has a "r to pron\nce "o ^u 8 own prop]ty3 ?is is done by decl>+1 if 8 wi% be to pres]ve a breadfruit1 or a cocoa tree1 a h\se or a plantation1 f robb]y & de/ruction1 t ! _s ( 8 fa!r or ( "s k+1 or inde$ ( any o!r p]son1 reposes 9 ?is tree1 or h\se1 :i* !n be>s ! "n ( ! p]son1 & nobody v5tures to attack x4 ,if any "o is s irreligi\s z to break ?r\gh a taboo1 & %\ld be convict$ ( x1 he is call$ kik9o2 & ! kik9os are always ! fir/ to be dev\r$ by ! enemy1 at lea/ !y believe x to be s1 nor is x impossible t ! prie/s %\ld s arrange matt]s z t ?is really happ5s4#ff ,aga91 if a man's pig _h be5 /ol51 & he suspect$ :o _h done ! de$1 he w\ld lay a taboo on ! sw9e or o!r prop]ty ( ! ?ief by giv+ 8 own "n1 or ! "n ( somebody else1 to ! animals or ! trees or :atev] x might be4 ,aft] t1 9 ! op9ion ( ! p1 ! prop]ty s nam$ 0 bewit*$ or haunt$ by ! _s ( ! p]son1 :e!r alive or dead1 ^: "n x bore2 & ?is belief sometimes suffic$ to compel ! ?ief to ab&on 8 possessions & to settle else:]e4#fg ,a wrea? ( leaves or a /rip ( :ite clo? atta*$ to a h\se1 a canoe1 a fruit-tree1 or o!r piece ( prop]ty1 0 ! symbol ( taboo1 & 9 ord9>y circum/ances 0 en\gh to protect x4#fh #ff ,krus5/]n1 op4 cit4 i4 #agb4 ,9 ?is quotation ,i h alt]$ ! spell+ tahbu into taboo4 #fg ,langsdorff1 op4 cit4 i4 #aaf4 #fh ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 p4 #aeg2 ,melville1 ,typee1 p4 #bcj2 ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 p4 #bfd4 ,b ! taboo 0 an in/rum5t :i* c\ld be us$ caprici\sly to ?w>t1 z well z to fur!r1 ! c\rse ( ju/ice4 ,?us we read h[1 "u ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t ( ! isl&s1 a wife set out = ! police-(fice to compla9 ( ! ill-treatm5t to :i* %e _h be5 subject$ by h] husb&4 ,b sc>cely _h %e put h] foot outside ! door1 :5 h] husb&1 aw>e ( h] int5tion & det]m9$ to fru/rate x1 call$ out aft] h]1 ,! road f "h to ! police-(fice is y\r fa!r4 ,on he>+ t1 ! woman at once /opp$ %ort1 = "u no circum/ances w\ld %e d>e to trample on ! au?or ( h] be+4 ,on ! contr>y1 %e imm$iately roa/$ two little pigs & c>ri$ !m to ! tomb ( h] fa!r z an (f]+ to appease 8 gho/1 :i* might reasonably be suppos$ to fret at ! m]e ?\ght ( be+ trodd5 "u foot by 8 own daught]4#fi ,?is in/ructive example %[s h[ closely ! taboo 0 associat$ ) ! fe> & wor%ip ( ! dead2 by be/[+ ! "n ( a dead p]son on a ?+ y r5d]$ ! ?+ inviolate1 s9ce !reby y plac$ x "u ! imm$iate protection ( ! gho/4 #fi ,clavel1 op4 cit4 p4 #fh4 ,among ! multitude ( taboos :i* 7 religi\sly obs]v$ by ! ,m>quesans x is p]haps possible to detect a trace ( totemism4 ,?us ! /+ ray fi% 0 taboo to ! tribe ( ,h\mis4 ,n only w\ld !y n eat ! fi%1 b !y fl$ 9 horror if x 7 ev5 %[n to !m4 ,_! horror 0 expla9$ by a tradition t once on a "t a great *ief ( ! tribe _h be5 out fi%+ ) 8 p1 :5 a gigantic /+ ray upset _! canoes & gobbl$ !m all up4#gj ,?is av]sion to eat+ & ev5 look+ at a c]ta9 species ( animal1 toge!r ) a tradition>y explanation bas$ on an incid5t 9 ! pa/ hi/ory ( ! tribe1 is v *>act]i/ic ( totemism4 #gj ,clavel1 op4 cit4 pp4 #fg sq4 ,sec4 #g4 ,religion & ,my?ology ,! consid]ation ( taboo introduces u to ! subject ( religion2 =1 on ! "o h&1 ! =ego+ evid5ce t5ds to e/abli% a connexion betwe5 ! in/itution ( taboo & ! doctr9e ( ! human s\l1 & on ! o!r h& "s ( our be/ au?orities on ! ,m>quesans h /at$ t ! taboo 0 believ$ to be an expression ( ! w ( ! gods convey$ to ! p ?r\gh ! m\? ( a prie/4#ga ,! def9ition may be accept$1 if "u gods we include ! spirits ( ! dead1 :o 7 wor%ipp$ by ! ,m>quesans & l5t _! sanction1 z we h j se51 to ! taboo4 #ga ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 p4 #beh2 ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 p4 #dh2 ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 p4 #aec2 ,clavel1 op4 cit4 p4 #fe4 ,! ,m>quesan t]m = a god 0 ! usual ,polynesian ^w atua or1 z x is sometimes spell$1 etua4 ,b _! notion ( div9ity1 z commonly happ5s1 0 vague4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ writ]s on _! religion1 ! ,russian navigator ,krus5/]n1 in=ms u t a confus$ notion ( a high] be+1 :om !y call ,etua1 does inde$ exi/ among !m1 b ( ^! !re are sev]al k9ds2 ! _s ( a prie/1 ( a k+1 or ( any ( 8 relations1 be+ an etua4 ,!y likewise consid] all ,europeans z su*2 = z _! ideas d n ext5d beyond _! own horizon1 !y are firmly conv9c$ t _! %ips come f ! cl\ds2 & !y imag9e t ?und] is occasion$ by ! cannonad+ ( vessels :i* float 9 ! atmosph]e1 on :i* acc\nt !y ent]ta9 a great dread ( artill]y4#gb ,! atuas or deities ( ! ,m>quesans1 we are told by ano!r writ]1 are num]\s & v>y 9 _! "* & p[]s4 ,besides ^? hav+ dom9ion respectively1 z is suppos$1 ov] ! diff]5t elem5ts & _! mo/ /rik+ ph5om5a1 !re are atuas ( ! m\nta9 & ( ! =e/1 ( ! sea-side & ( ! int]ior1 atuas ( peace & ( w>1 ( ! song & ( ! dance1 & ( all ! occupations & amusem5ts ( life4 ,x is suppos$ by !m t _m ( ! dep>t$ spirits ( m5 also become atuas3 & ?us ! multiplicity ( _! gods is su*1 t almo/ e s\nd 9 nature1 f ! ro>+ ( ! tempe/ 9 ! m\nta9s & ! bur/+ ( a ?und]bolt 9 ! cl\ds1 to ! sigh+ ( a breeze ?r\gh ! cocoa-nut tops & ! *irp+ ( an insect 9 ! grass or 9 ! ?at* ( _! huts1 is int]pret$ into ! movem5ts ( a god4#gc #gb ,krus5/]n1 op4 cit4 i4 #aga4 #gc ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 op4 cit4 i4 #bdc sq4 ,comp>e ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 p4 #bdj2 ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bah sq4 ,b ! ,m>quesans1 n cont5t ) deify+ "s m5 aft] dea?1 deifi$ o!rs 9 _! lifetime4 ,among/ !m !re is1 or r us$ to be1 a class ( liv+ m5 :o claim ! title & attributes ( ! ,deity2 n ?r\gh a pr(ess$ inspiration or possession by a sup]natural influ5ce or p[]1 b 9 _! own "r ( god%ip z ^? :o control ! elem5ts1 imp>t fruitfulness to ! productions ( ! e>? or smite !m ) bla/+ & /]ility1 & :o ex]cise ! pr]ogatives ( ! ,deity 9 scatt]+ disease & wield+ ! %afts ( dea?4 ,!y are few 9 numb]1 n m ?an "o or two at f>!/ on an isl&1 & live 9 a seclusion & my/icism some:at 9 unison ) _! blasphem\s pret5sions4 ,!re is none at pres5t 9 ! ne> vic9ity ( ,taiohae1#gd ?\gh ! =m] abode ( su* an individual is po9t$ out at ! foot ( a bold cliff1 high 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,crook gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( an ,atua1 at ! isl& ( ,tahuata1 9 ! ,w9dw>d or ,m>quesan gr\p1 :ile he resid$ !re tempor>ily 9 #agig1 z a mission>y f ! ,london ,mission>y ,society3 ',he is n[ ( great age1 & has liv$ f e>ly life at ,hanateite9a1 9 a l>ge h\se surr\nd$ by an enclosure call$ ! ,a4 ,9 ! h\se is an alt>1 & f ! beams )9 & ^u ! trees ar\nd x are human c>casses1 susp5d$ ) _! heads d[nw>d & scalp$4 ,no "o ent]s ! premises b 8 s]vant1 except :5 human sacrifices are (f]$4 ,( ^!1 m are (f]$ to him ?an to any o!r ( _! gods1 & he frequ5tly seats himself on an elevat$ scaffold 9 front ( 8 h\se & calls = two or ?ree at a "t4 ,he is invok$ 9 all p>ts ( ! isl&1 & (f]+s ev]y:]e are made to him & s5t to ,hanateite9a4'#ge ,simil>ly a ,ca?olic mission>y tells u t 9 ! isl& ( ,nukahiva he 0 p]sonally acqua9t$ ) two liv+ human deities1 a prie/ & a prie/ess1 bo? ( :om1 x 0 said1 _h ! "r to dem& ! sacrifice ( human victims to !mselves4 ,he adds1 h[ev]1 t !y did n abuse ! "r1 & t nobody 9 ! _w appe>$ m affable & polite ?an ^! div9ities2 he ev5 ent]ta9$ hopes ( "o day baptiz+ ! prie/4#gf ,( ! rev]5ce 9 :i* ! prie/ly class 9 g5]al 0 held by ! p1 ,capta9 ,port] rem>ks t _! prie/s are _! oracles2 !y are consid]$ b little inf]ior to _! gods2 to "s !y are greatly sup]ior1 & aft] _! dea? !y rank ) ! *ief div9ity4#gg #gd ,! pr9cipal h>b\r ( ,nukahiva4 #ge ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 op cit4 i4 #bdd sq4 ,comp>e ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bbf1 #bdj sq4 ,! mission>y ,william ,crook 0 l&$ 9 ! ,m>quesas f ! mission>y %ip ,duff 9 #agig4 ,see ,j4 ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 pp4 #aca sqq4 #gf ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 p4 #de4 #gg ,port]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #aad4 ,little seems to be record$ ( ! !ology & my?ology ( ! ,m>quesans2 b among _! my?s 0 ! widespread ,polynesian /ory ( ! orig9 ( fire4 ,( old1 x 0 said1 fire us$ to be jeal\sly gu>d$ by ,mahoike 9 ! inf]nal regions4 ,he>+ ( its utility1 ,maui desc5d$ into ! ne!r _w to /eal "s ( ! elem5t2 b he fail$ to elude ! vigilance ( its gu>dian & 0 oblig$ to resort to =ce to extort ! boon f him4 ,9 ! /ruggle :i* ensu$ ,mahoike lo/ an arm & a leg1 & to save 8 rema9+ limbs he cons5t$ to give fire to ! victori\s ,maui4 ,at ! same "t he (f]$ to rub x on ,maui's leg2 b ,maui 0 too cunn+ to agree to t1 = he knew t 9 t case ! fire :i* he took to e>? w\ld n be sacr$4 ,f9ally1 ,mahoike rubb$ ! fire on ,maui's head1 & said to him1 ,g back to ! place y came f & t\* ) y\r =ehead all ! trees except ! keika3 all ! trees w yield y fire4#gh #gh ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bbc sq4 ,= ! names ( ! ,m>quesan deities1 among :om ,tiki appe>s to h be5 ! mo/ fam\s1 & = "s my?s conc]n+ !m1 see ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 pp4 #dj sqq42 ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bba sqq42 ,amable1 9 ,annales de la ,propagation de la ,foi1 xix4 7#ahdg7 pp4 #bc sq42 ,eyriaud des ,v]gnes1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bg sqq4 ,9 ! ,m>quesas !re 0 a class ( m5 call$ tauas1 :o 7 suppos$ to possess an h]$it>y gift ( inspiration & to become deities aft] _! dea?4 ,!y c\ld cause a god to dwell )9 !m4 ,(t5 at night !y might be he>d conv]s+ ) ! div9ity 9 _! bodies1 ! deity cry+ out 9 a %rill voice1 :ile ! man answ]$ him 9 8 own ord9>y voice4 ,sometimes !y w\ld make a ru/l+ noise ) _! f+]s 9 ! leaves1 & say t !y _h be5 miracul\sly tak5 ?r\gh ! ?at* ( ! h\se & br\ght back aga9 by ! door4 ,9 _! fits ( inspiration !y became convuls$ & gl>$ fi]cely ) _! eyes2 !n1 ) _! h&s quiv]+ viol5tly1 !y w\ld run ab\t1 :ile !y prophesi$ dea? to _! enemies 9 squeaky tones1 or dem&$ human victims = ! god by :om !y 7 possess$4 ,) ! function ( prophecy !y comb9$ ! (fice ( physician or r ( exorcis]4 ,= e int]nal disord] 0 believ$ to be inflict$ by "s god1 :o _h tak5 possession ( ! suff]]'s p]son2 & ! tauas1 or high prie/s1 z we may call !m1 7 call$ 9 to heal ! pati5t by ridd+ him ( ! div9ity :o _h ent]$ into him4 ,?is !y commonly did by feel+ = ! mis*iev\s deity till !y f\nd him1 :5 !y smo!r$ him betwe5 ! palms ( _! h&s4#gi ,sometimes ! good physician w\ld conv]se ) ! _s :om he _h ?us caught betwe5 8 h&s1 & w\ld elicit f him 9 conv]sation ! cause ( ! sickness1 :i* usually consi/$ 9 "s brea* ( taboo1 su* z a !ft ( bread-fruit or coco-nuts f a sacr$ tree4 ,at ! same "t ! affable _s w\ld reveal to ! physician ! p5alty :i* ! sick man mu/ pay 9 ord] to expiate 8 crime & !reby ensure 8 recov]y4 ,a sacrifice ( pigs w\ld appe> to h be5 usually deem$ indisp5sable = ! pati5t's complete convalesc5ce2 ! animals 7 convey$ to a temple & !re consum$ by ! prie/s = ! b5efit ( ! suff]]4#hj ,! tauas or high prie/s 7 suppos$ to become gods aft] dea?2 :5 "o ( !m dep>t$ ?is life1 x 0 ess5tial = 8 deification t human victims %\ld be sacrific$4 ,! numb] ( victims v>i$ ) ! rank ( ! new deity2 x 0 nev] less ?an sev51 b (t5] t54 ,ea* victim 0 sacrific$ = ! sake ( a p>ticul> "p ( ! deity's body1 z = 8 head1 or 8 eyes1 or 8 hair4 ,to procure ! necess>y tale ( victims1 pr$atory exp$itions 7 und]tak5 aga9/ ! tribes 9 neighb\r+ valleys4#ha #gi ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 op4 cit4 i4 #bde sq42 ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bbg sq4 #hj ,langsdorff1 op4 cit4 i4 #acf4 ,! writ]'s language seems to imply t ! _s :om ! prie/ly physician caught 9 8 h&s & int]rogat$ 0 ! pati5t's own s\l4 #ha ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 p4 #de2 ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 op4 cit4 i4 #bdg2 ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bbh sq4 ,sec4 #h4 ,! ,s\l1 ,dea?1 & ,fun]al ,cu/oms ,l mo/ savages1 ! ,m>quesans ?\ght t !y possess$ s\ls :i* c\ld quit _! bodies & w&] f> away 9 dreams4 ,?us a "y girl once relat$ h[1 ! night be=e1 %e _h sail$ 9 a spl5did canoe to ,tiburones1 a my?ical p>adise to ! we/ ( ,nukahiva2 !re %e _h se5 beautiful ?+s su* z d n exi/ "h on e>?4 ,!re1 said %e1 ! trees are v tall1 & ! p v h&some2 !re !y s+ songs to music sweet] ?an ours4 ,ah6 :5 %all ,i be able to return to ,tiburones8 ,on ano!r occasion a woman's s\l appe>$ to a prie/ to in=m him t %e _h committ$ ! he9\s crime ( eat+ a f[l1 b t %e w\ld expiate ! sacrilege by an e>ly dea?4 ,! ,fr5* au?orities summon$ bo? ! prie/ & ! woman to ! b> ( ju/ice4 ,!re ! prie/ /uck to x t he _h receiv$ ! revelation1 & ! woman express$ h] regret = ! escapade ( :i* h] s\l _h be5 guilty )\t h] k4 ,x 0 necess>y to reassure h] on ! subject ( h] s\l's ra% act & melan*oly pr$iction1 o!rwise %e might h fulfill$ ! prophecy by refus+ food & dy+ outright4#hb #hb ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bch sq4 ,at dea? ! s\l 0 suppos$ to dep>t f ! body by ! m\? or ! nose2 h5ce 9 ord] to delay its dep>ture & s to prolong ! life ( its own]1 affectionate relatives us$ to /op 8 m\? & no/rils1 ?us accel]at+ ! ev5t :i* !y wi%$ to ret>d4#hc #hc ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 p4 #bde2 ,clavel1 op4 cit4 p4 #dd1 note#a4 ,comp>e ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 p4 #aae4 ,! ,m>quesans h1 or us$ to h1 a sov]eign contempt = dea?1 & d n fe> its approa*4 ,:5 a native felt t he mu/ die1 he took x calmly & ord]$ 8 c(f91 :i* he caus$ to be br\ght to ! h\se :ile he 0 /ill 9 life4 ,! c(f9 is holl[$ out ( a s+le log & resembles a canoe4 ,if ! sick man aft] all recov]$1 ! c(f9 0 kept 9 a corn] ( ! h\se till x 0 want$4 ,no attempt 0 made to hide x or to disguise its purpose4 ,%\ld a /rang] ask1 ,:at is t8 he w\ld be told1 ,x is ,s-&-s's c(f92 ?\gh ,s-&-s might be pres5t & )9 he>+4#hd ,nev]!less1 :5 x 0 cle> t a s]i\s illness 0 ab\t to t]m9ate fatally1 & t all ! ef=ts ( ! prie/ly physician or sorc]] to av]t ! inevitable end 7 fruitless1 ! h\se w\ld be fill$ by wail+ wom51 :o danc$ nak$ r\nd ! mat ( ! dy+ man1 cutt+ !mselves ) %>p /ones or %>k's tee? z 9 a fr5zy1 & utt]+ ! mo/ pi]c+ lam5tations4 ,?is la/$ till ! mom5t ( dea?1 :5 all unit$ 9 a t]rific & prolong$ h[l4#he ,simil> demon/rations ( sorr[ 7 cont9u$ or r5ew$ aft] ! decease4 ,if ! dep>t$ 0 a m>ri$ man & 8 wid[ surviv$ him1 %e w\ld bruise h] fle% ) a /one1 scrat* x ) h] nails1 & cut h] =ehead1 *eeks1 & brea/ ) %>k's tee? or spl9t]s ( bamboo till ! blood trickl$ d[n4#hf ,capta9 ,port] saw a woman ) deep w\nds /ill unheal$1 :i* %e _h inflict$ on h] neck1 brea/1 & arms = ! loss ( h] husb&1 :o _h be5 dev\r$ by a %>k4#hg ,aft] ! dea?1 too1 ! wid[ w\ld place h]self 9 front ( ! corpse1 & ?ree or f\r girls w\ld surr\nd h]2 :]eupon !y w\ld all engage 9 a lascivi\s dance1 ) out/ret*$ arms1 tripp+ 9 cad5ce to ! accompanim5t ( a fun]al hymn or lam5tation1 :i* 0 *ant$ by a *oir 9 hon\r ( ! dead4 ,aft] execut+ ! dance1 :i* w\ld seem to h be5 int5d$ to attract ! att5tion ( ! deceas$ & recall 8 w&]+ _s1 !y w\ld /oop ov] ! corpse1 & cry1 ,he has n /irr$6 ,he /irs n4 ,alas6 alas6 he is no m4 ,x 0 only aft] !y _h ?us practis$ _! s$uctions 9 va9 on ! dead man t ! wid[ gave way to h] frantic outbur/ ( sorr[ by maul+ h]self ) a sort ( saw4#hh ,?is fun]al dance a wid[ 0 app>5tly expect$ to r5ew 9 public at e fe/ival = mon?s aft] ! dea?4 ,at a fe/ival1 :i* he call$ ! ,fea/ ( ,calaba%es1 ,melville saw f\r or five old wom51 />k nak$1 hold+ !mselves erect & leap+ /iffly into ! air1 ) _! arms press$ close to _! sides1 l /icks bobb+ up & d[n 9 wat]4 ,!y pres]v$ ! utmo/ gravity ( c\nt5ance1 & cont9u$ _! /range movem5ts )\t a s+le mom5t's cessation1 ?\gh !y did n appe> to attract ! obs]vation ( ! cr[d ar\nd !m4 ,! ,am]ican 0 told t ^! danc+ or leap+ figures 7 b]eav$ wid[s1 ^: p>tn]s _h be5 sla9 9 battle _m moons previ\sly2 & :o1 at e fe/ival1 gave public evid5ce 9 ?is mann] ( _! calamities4#hi ,:5 ! deceas$ 0 a *ief1 ! lam5tations & ! dances w5t on day & night = "s "t4 ,a prie/ess or sorc]ess1 9 fe/al co/ume1 l$ ! *oir ( female m\rn]s & vaunt$ ! exploits ( ! dead w>rior1 recall+ 8 mighty de$s & ! incid5ts ( 8 life4 ,! dances 7 accompani$ by ! music ( drums4 ,! cr[d ( spectators1 9 _! be/ array1 ate & drank to repletion1 &1 flu%$ ) liquor1 ab&on$ !mselves to excesses :i* trans=m$ ! mortu>y *amb]1 lit up at night by smoky tor*es1 into a sc5e ( l[ debau*]y4 ,f "t to "t rem>ks ( a gross nature 7 address$ to ! dead man on ! helpless condition to :i* he 0 r$uc$2 & n[ & !n ! wom5 w\ld sla% _! faces & brea/s ) spl9t]s ( bamboo 9 ! usual fa%ion4 ,! orgy w5t on till ! provisions 7 completely exhau/$1 :i* might n be = a consid]able "t1 s9ce hecatombs ( pigs 7 sometimes slaught]$ = ! purpose ( celebrat+ ! obsequies ( a *ief 9 a mann] wor?y ( 8 rank4#ij #hd ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aad4 sq42 ,eyriaud des ,v]gnes1 op4 cit4 p4 #eh4 ,comp>e ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bfj sqq4 #he ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 op4 cit4 i4 #bfc2 ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bdi sq4 #hf ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 p4 #bhd2 ,clavel1 op4 cit4 p4 #ci4 #hg ,port]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #aba4 #hh ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bhc sq4 ,ano!r writ] m5tions t at ! mom5t ( dea? x 0 cu/om>y = a numb] ( matrons to /rip !mselves nak$ & execute obsc5e dances at ! door ( ! h\se1 cry+ out at ! pit* ( _! voices1 ,fa!r6 fa!r6 ,see ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 p4 #aaf4 #hi ,melville1 ,typee1 pp4 #ahj1 #bja4 #ij ,clavel1 op4 cit4 pp4 #dc sq4 ,! s\l ( ! dead 0 believ$ n to ab&on ! corpse def9itely = two days aft] ! dea?4 ,9 ! int]val x 0 ?\ght to haunt ! h\se1 wat*+ ! conduct ( ! survivors1 & ready to act z a fri5d or a foe accord+ z ! m\rn]s behav$ t[>ds ! deceas$ & 8 rema9s4 ,h5ce1 to keep ! gho/ 9 good hum\r x 0 cu/om>y to (f] him food1 9 ! %ape ( breadfruit pa/e & o!r da9ties1 :i* 7 wrapp$ up 9 leaves1 hung on ! edge ( ! c(f91 & frequ5tly r5ew$4#ia ,on ! ?ird night aft] ! dea? a prie/1 /epp+ out on ! t]race 9 front ( ! h\se1 implor$ ! w&]+ s\l ( ! deceas$ to dep>t2 & by way ( en=c+ ! reque/ a b& ( m51 arm$ ) spe>s & o!r le?al weapons1 w5t ab\t 9 ! out] d>kness1 beat+ ! bu%es & /abb+ ! ?at*$ ro(s ( ! h\ses 9 ord] to drive ! l+]+ gho/ away4 ,if1 r\s$ by ! clam\r1 ! dogs began to b>k1 ! prie/ w\ld say1 ,! s\l is dep>t+4#ib #ia ,clavel1 op4 cit4 p4 #df4 #ib ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bhd sq4 ,f ! mom5t ( dea? till ! prie/s _h complet$ ! litany or songs *ant$ on su* occasions1 all ! assembl$ p fa/$1 no "o t\*$ ! provisions collect$ = ! fun]al fea/1 & no fire might be k9dl$ )9 sight ( ! h\se4#ic ,! litany consi/$ 9 ! mumbl+ ( a long spee* 9 an un9telligible language accompani$ by ! con/ant beat+ ( drums4#id ,among ! victuals provid$ = ! fun]al fea/ special importance appe>s to h be5 atta*$ to ! head ( a pig1 :i* 0 cut (f & atta*$ to ! bi]4#ie ,we are told t ! pr(ess$ int5tion 0 !reby to propitiate ! gods1 & obta9 = ! deceas$ a safe & peaceable passage ?r\gh ! l[] regions4 ,b1 9 po9t ( fact ! prie/ took possession ( ! pig's head & dev\r$ x secretly1 leav+ only a small piece ( x "u a /one4#if #ic ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 op4 cit4 i4 #bfe2 ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 p4 #bea4 #id ,langsdorff1 op4 cit4 i4 #acc4 #ie ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 p4 #bhe4 #if ,krus5/]n1 op4 cit4 i4 #agc4 ,comp>e ,langsdorff1 op4 cit4 i4 #acc2 ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 op4 cit4 i4 #bfe2 ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 p4 #bea4 ,:5 dea? _h tak5 place1 ! body 0 wa%$1 neatly dress$ 9 g>m5ts ( new clo?1 & laid on a bi] con/ruct$ ( bamboos or ( spe>s & o!r w>like weapons1 fa/5$ toge!r ) wick]-"w & spread ) mats4#ig ,if ! deceas$ 0 a *ief & a w>rior1 8 body w\ld be array$ 9 8 f9e/ ornam5ts1 & 8 club1 plum$ helmet1 necklaces ( :ale's tee?1 & skulls ( ! enemies he _h kill$1 w\ld be laid beside him4 ,?us expos$1 ! corpse might be kept = weeks 9 ! h\se1 :]e1 9 spite ( ! /5*1 ! family cont9u$ to eat1 dr9k1 & sleep beside x4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 & p]haps m usually1 ! body 0 transf]r$ to a small h\se or %$ adjo9+ ! dwell+ ( ! deceas$1 :]e x receiv$ ! necess>y att5tions4 ,f9ally1 x 0 remov$ to a little hut or %$1 :]e ! bi] 0 support$ on po/s "u a ?at*$ ro(4 ,to be buri$ 9 ! e>? 0 a m>k ( ignom9y res]v$ at mo/ = a "y girl ( ! l[e/ rank :o _h di$ *ildless4 ,beside ! corpse food 0 hung = ! use ( ! gho/1 x might be fi%1 roa/ pork1 or coco-nuts1 & !re x 0 all[$ to rema9 till x rott$ & fell to ! gr\nd2 none b *ildr5 w\ld be gre$y or impi\s en\gh to p>take ( ! sacr$ victuals1 & t only 9 ! greate/ secrecy4 ,(t5 ! h\se 9 :i* ! dea? _h tak5 place 0 taboo$ & ab&on$ aft] ! rema9s _h be5 deposit$ 9 _! la/ home4#ih #ig ,krus5/]n1 op4 cit4 i4 #agb sq42 ,langsdorff1 op4 cit4 i4 #acc2 ,lisiansky1 op4 cit4 p4 #ha2 ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 op4 cit4 i4 #bfd4 #ih ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aaf sq4 ,z to ! decoration ( ! corpse1 see ,clavel1 op4 cit4 pp4 #dc sq4 ,z to ! tempor>y h\se or %$ 9 :i* ! body 0 kept = "s "t aft] dea?1 comp>e ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 op4 cit4 i4 #bfd1 #bff2 ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 p4 #bej4 ,z = ! cu/om ( keep+ ! body = mon?s 9 ! ord9>y h\se1 surr\nd$ by ! family1 see ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 p4 #bhf4 ,z to ! practice ( hang+ food beside ! body1 ev5 aft] its removal to its la/ place ( re/1 see ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 ,voyage au ,pole ,sud et dans l',oceanie1 ,hi/oire du ,voyage1 iv4 7,p>is1 #ahdb71 p4 #cc2 ,clavel1 op4 cit4 p4 #df4 ,! bodies ( ! dead 7 regul>ly subject$ to a k9d ( embalmm5t1 :i* _h ! effect ( pres]v+ !m = a long] or %ort] "t4 ,z soon z decomposition appe>$ imm95t1 ! corpse 0 /ripp$ ( its ornam5ts & plac$ 9 ! usual canoe-%ap$ c(f91 ! trunk be+ propp$ up s z to facilitate ! "w ( ! embalm]s4 ,! task ( embalm+ 0 entru/$ to wom51 relations ( ! deceas$1 :o rubb$ ! body daily ) coco-nut oil & p]fumes4 ,!y _h no int]c\rse ) ! re/ ( ! family1 & took _! meals ap>t )\t ev] wa%+ _! h&s4 ,accord+ to "o acc\nt1 ! ano9tm5t 0 p]=m$ by night1 :ile dur+ ! day ! body 0 expos$ to ! sun on ! /one plat=m ( ! h\se4 ,! products ( decomposition 7 c>efully receiv$ 9 vessels & c>ri$ away to ! place ( sepulture2 & ! corpse 0 gradually evisc]at$ ?r\gh ! rectum4 ,! friction 0 cont9u$ until ! desiccat$ body 0 r$uc$ to ! /ate ( a mummy1 ?\gh sometimes1 9 spite ( all precautions1 x crumbl$ into du/4 ,if ! op]ation 0 successful1 ! mummy1 wrapt 9 _m b&ages1 0 cov]$ by a second canoe atta*$ to ! fir/1 & 0 !n plac$ on a scaffold 9 a morai or sanctu>y specially consecrat$ to x4 ,b sometimes ! mummy 0 fa/5$ up to ! ro( or wall ( ! h\se :]e9 ! p]son _h di$2 & x might be kept !re ev5 = ye>s4 ,:5 x 0 deposit$ 9 a morai1 no woman 0 all[$ to approa* x "u pa9 ( dea?4#ii ,sometimes ! head 0 deta*$ f ! body & kept 9 ! h\se1 :]e x 0 treat$ ) respect4 ,sometimes x 0 c>ri$ away & hidd5 9 "s almo/ inaccessible cave 9 ! m\nta9s or beside ! sea4 ,?is 0 done z a precaution to save ! skulls f fall+ into ! h&s ( enemies1 :o 7 eag] to be> !m (f z trophies4#ajj #ii ,krus5/]n1 op4 cit4 i4 #agc2 ,langsdorff1 op4 cit4 i4 #acc sq42 ,melville1 ,typee1 p4 #bjf2 ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bhf sq42 ,clavel1 op4 cit4 pp4 #dd sq4 ,9 a h\se 9 ,nukahiva ! mission>y ,/ew>t saw a canoe-%ap$ c(f9 conta9+ ! rema9s ( a man :o _h di$ _m ye>s be=e4 ,x 0 rais$ on a bi] ( framework1 at a height ( two or ?ree feet above ! gr\nd4 ,/ew>t adds1 ,! dead bodies ( all p]sons ( high di/9ction are pres]v$ 9 _! h\ses = a long p]iod 9 ?is way4 ,see ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 op4 cit4 i4 #bei4 #ajj ,clavel1 op4 cit4 pp4 #de sq42 ,baessl]1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bcc sq4 ,ea* family _h its own morai or burial-place1 :]e ! m\ld]+ bones or mummies 7 f9ally deposit$ & left to decay4#aja ,su* family cemet]ies 7 scatt]$ ab\t ! valleys2 ! *oice ( a site seems to h be5 det]m9$ by no special rule4#ajb ,! morai or burial-place ( ord9>y p 0 ne> _! h\ses1 & n f> f x 0 a taboo-h\se1 :]e ! m5 fea/$ on ! fle% ( pigs4#ajc ,b ! cemet]ies ( *iefs 7 situat$ 9 ! int]ior ( ! valleys1 (t5 s deeply imb$d$ 9 d5se foliage t x 0 n easy to f9d !m )\t ! guidance ( a native4#ajd ,simil>ly we are told t ! cemet]ies 7morais7 ( prie/s lay q ap>t f all dwell+s4#aje #aja ,krus5/]n1 op4 cit4 i4 #abg1 #agc2 ,langsdorff1 op4 cit4 i4 #aae1 #acd4 ,o!r writ]s on ! ,m>quesas 9 l mann] speak ( a morai simply z a place ( burial4 ,see ,port]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #aad 7! gods at ! bury+-place1 or morai1 = s x is call$ by !m72 ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 p4 #eb 7un morai 7sepul*re7 en ru9e72 ,melville1 ,typee1 p4 #afh 7! 'morais' or bury+-gr\nds74 ,s1 too1 ! t]m 0 und]/ood by ! ,fr5* navigator1 ,j4 ,dumont d',urville4 ,see 8 ,voyage au ,pole ,sud1 ,hi/oire du ,voyage1 iv4 7,p>is1 #ahdb71 pp4 #bg1 #cc4 #ajb ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 p4 #bec4 #ajc ,langsdorff1 op4 cit4 i4 #aae4 ,accord+ to ,krus5/]n 7op4 cit4 i4 #abg71 ! morais 9 g5]al lie a good way inl& ^u hills4 #ajd ,f4 ,d4 ,b5nett1 ,n>rative ( a ,:al+ ,voyage1 i4 #cbi4 #aje ,langsdorff1 op4 cit4 i4 #aae4 ,! ord9>y =m ( a ,m>quesan morai or burial-place seems to h be5 a ?at*$ %$ erect$ on a squ>e or oblong plat=m ( /ones1 exactly resembl+ ! /one plat=ms on :i* ! ,m>quesan h\ses 7 regul>ly built4 ,?us ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 & ,desgraz say t ! morais1 fun]al monum5ts :]e ! bodies are deposit$1 are erect$ on a /one plat=m1 ! base ( all ,nukahivan edifices4#ajf ,aga91 describ+ :at he calls a picturesque morai1 ,radiguet obs]ves1 ,f\r po/s1 erect$ on a plat=m1 support$ a small plank cov]$ ) a ro( ( leaves4 ,"u ?is ro( c\ld be se5 ! rema9s ( a skeleton1 p]haps t ( ! daught]-9-law ( ! neighb\r+ h\se4444 ,at ! two ends ( ! plat=m two upright /ones1 ab\t t5 feet high1 & resembl+ ! ,breton m5hirs1 =m$ an exceptional ornam5t to ?is morai1 :i* ! bu%es 7 9 c\rse ( invad+ & ! /orms ( demoli%+4#ajg ,aga91 ,/ew>t describes z foll[s :at he calls a depository ( ! dead3 ,x /&s 9 ! mid/ ( a beautiful clump ( trees1 & consi/s ( a plat=m ( heavy /one "w1 tw5ty feet or m squ>e & f\r or five high1 surm\nt$ 9 ! c5tre by eight or t5 po/s arrang$ 9 ! %ape ( a grave1 & support+ at a height ( six or sev5 feet a long & n>r[ ro( ( ?at*4 ,close b5ea? ?is 0 ! body enclos$ 9 a c(f94#ajh ,aga91 9 ! isl& ( ,tahuata 7,santa ,*ri/9a71 ,b5nett describes a *ief's burial-place z foll[s3 ,a l[ b ext5sive /one plat=m1 b5ea? ! %ade ( a v5]able fau-tree1 m>ks ! m consecrat$ gr\nd2 & on ?is is erect$ a wood5 hut1 conta9+ an elevat$ tr\gh1 %ap$ z a canoe1 & hold+ ! p]fect skeleton ( ! late *ief4 ,9 front ( ! sepul*re are two hide\s wood5 idols1 & sev]al bundles ( coco-nut leaves4#aji ,! %$1 :i* 0 erect$ on ! /one plat=m1 & "u :i* ! body re/$ on a bi]1 seems to h consi/$ = ! mo/ "p simply ( a ?at*$ ro( support$ on wood5 po/s4#aaj ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 in/ead ( a simple %$1 op5 on all sides1 a small h\se resembl+ ! ord9>y h\ses ( ! natives appe>s to h be5 erect$ = ! reception ( ! corpse or mummy4 ,?us 9 ! isl& ( ,tahuata 7,santa ,*ri/9a7 ,b5nett describes a burial-place z foll[s3 ,! mo/ picturesque mausoleum we notic$ 0 t :i* conta9$ ! corpse ( "o ( ,eutiti's *ildr54 ,x 0 plac$ on ! summit ( an isolat$ hill1 ris+ f ! bosom ( a well-wood$ savannah1 & 0 cov]$ entirely ) ! leaves ( ! fan-palm4 ,! po/]ior1 or talle/ wall1 0 twelve feet high1 ! ant]ior 0 l[1 clos$ by a mat1 & decorat$ ) six wood5 pill>s1 cov]$ ) /a9$ c9net & :ite clo?4 ,/rips ( tapa b>k-clo?1 fix$ to a w&1 flutt]$ on ! ro(1 to d5ote t ! spot 0 taboo$2 & = ! same purpose1 a r[ ( globul> /ones1 ea* ! size ( a football1 & :it5$ ) coral lime1 occupi$ ! top ( a l[ b broad /one wall :i* encircl$ ! build+4 ,! int]ior conta9$ no?+ b ! bi] on :i* ! corpse 0 laid4#aaa ,f ! sket* :i* ,b5nett gives ( ?is p>ticul> mausoleum1 z he calls x1 we ga!r t ! sepul*ral hut conta9+ ! body 0 n rais$ on a /one plat=m1 b built on ! flat4 #ajf ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 p4 #bec4 #ajg ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 p4 #ib4 ,"o ( ^! /ones 0 said to h be5 erect$ by ! ,fr5* navigator1 ,capta9 ,m>*&1 & to h =m]ly borne an inscription record+ 8 tak+ possession ( ! isl&4 ,h5ce x w\ld be unsafe to draw any conclusion f ! suppos$ antiquity ( ^! two tall upright /ones4 #ajh ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 op4 cit4 i4 #bfj4 #aji ,f4 ,d4 ,b5nett1 op4 cit4 i4 #cbi4 #aaj ,comp>e ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 ,voyage au ,pole ,sud1 ,hi/oire du ,voyage1 iv4 #cc1 ,s\s un hang> se tr\v5t quelques supports =mant1 a #b metres au-dessus du sol1 une e/rade sur laquelle e/ depose le t\i-papao4 ,c'e/ le nom que les naturels donn5t au cadavre enveloppe d'h]bes et de tapa 7et(fes de papyrus faites dans le pays74 ,on n'ap]coit du corps a9si habille que les extremites des doigts des pi$s et des ma9s4 #aaa ,f4 ,d4 ,b5nett1 op4 cit4 i4 #cca4 ,!re seems to be no evid5ce t ! /one plat=ms on :i* ! sepul*ral %$s or huts ( ! ,m>quesans 7 erect$ ev] took ! %ape ( /epp$ or t]rac$ pyramids l ! massive /one pyramids ( ,tahiti & ,tonga4 ,s f> z ! mortu>y plat=ms ( ! ,m>quesans are describ$1 !y appe> to h be5 quadrangul> piles ( /one1 ) upright sides1 n /epp$ or t]rac$4 ,megali?ic monum5ts 9 ! =m ( /epp$ or t]rac$ pyramids seem to h be5 v r>e 9 ! ,m>quesas ,isl&s2 inde$1 x is d\btful :e!r !y exi/$ at all4 ,) reg>d to ! isl& ( ,tahuata 7,santa ,*ri/9a71 x is positively affirm$ by ,b5nett t none ( ! valleys conta9 any morais or o!r build+s devot$ to religi\s purposes1 nor any public idols2#aab & by morais he probably means /epp$ pyramids l ^? ( ,tahiti & ,tonga4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! valley ( ,taipii 7,typee71 9 ,nukahiva1 a megali?ic monum5t1 built 9 t]races1 0 se5 by ,melville 9 #ahdb4 ,he describes x z foll[s3 #aab ,f4 ,d4 ,b5nett1 op4 cit4 i4 #cbb4 ,"o day 9 return+ f ?is spr+ by a circuit\s pa?1 ,i came ^u a sc5e :i* rem9d$ me ( ,/oneh5ge & ! ar*itectural lab\rs ( ! ,druids4 ,at ! base ( "o ( ! m\nta9s1 & surr\nd$ on all sides by d5se groves1 a s]ies ( va/ t]races ( /one rises1 /ep by /ep1 = a consid]able di/ance up ! hillside4 ,^! t]races _c be less ?an "o hundr$ y>ds 9 l5g? & tw5ty 9 wid?4 ,_! magnitude1 h[ev]1 is less /rik+ ?an ! imm5se size ( ! blocks compos+ !m4 ,"s ( ! /ones1 ( an oblong %ape1 are f t5 to fifte5 feet 9 l5g?1 & five or six feet ?ick4 ,_! sides are q smoo?1 b ?\gh squ>e1 & ( pretty regul> =mation1 !y be> no m>k ( ! *isel4 ,!y are laid toge!r )\t cem5t1 & "h & !re %[ gaps betwe54 ,! topmo/ t]race & ! l[] "o are some:at peculi> 9 _! con/ruction4 ,!y h bo? a quadrangul> depression 9 ! c5tre1 leav+ ! re/ ( ! t]race elevat$ sev]al feet above x4 ,9 ! int]vals ( ! /ones imm5se trees h tak5 root1 & _! broad b\ghs1 /ret*+ f> ov] & int]lac+ toge!r1 support a canopy almo/ imp5etrable to ! sun4 ,ov]gr[+ ! great] "p ( !m1 & climb+ f "o to ano!r1 is a wild]ness ( v9es1 9 ^: s9ewy embrace _m ( ! /ones lie half-hidd51 :ile 9 "s places a ?ick gr[? ( bu%es entirely cov]s !m4 ,!re is a wild pa?way :i* obliquely crosses two ( ^! t]races1 & s pr(\nd is ! %ade1 s d5se ! vegetation1 t a /rang] to ! place might pass along x )\t be+ aw>e ( _! exi/5ce4 ,^! /ructures be> e indication ( a v high antiquity1 & ,kory-,kory1 :o 0 my au?ority 9 all matt]s ( sci5tific rese>*1 gave me to und]/& t !y 7 coeval ) ! creation ( ! _w2 t ! great gods !mselves 7 ! build]s2 & t !y w\ld endure until "t %all be no m4 ,kory-,kory's prompt explanation1 & 8 attribut+ ! "w to a div9e orig91 at once conv9c$ me t nei!r he nor ! re/ ( 8 c\ntrym5 knew any?+ ab\t !m4#aac ,melville 0 accord+ly dispos$ to attribute ! erection ( ^! rem>kable t]races to an ext9ct & =gott5 race4#aad ,! hypo!sis is all ! m probable because ! monum5t appe>s to h be5 entirely ab&on$ & unus$ by ! natives dur+ ! "t :5 !y h be5 kn[n to ,europeans4 ,b x is d\btful :e!r ! edifice 0 a pyramid2 all t ,melville's some:at vague description implies is t x consi/$ ( a s]ies ( t]races built "o above ! o!r on ! hillside4 #aac ,melville1 ,typee1 pp4 #aff sq4 #aad ,melville1 ,typee1 p4 #afg4 ,accord+ to "s acc\nts ! rema9s ( ! dead1 in/ead ( be+ deposit$ 9 %$s or huts erect$ on /one plat=ms1 7 buri$ 9 ! plat=ms !mselves4 ,?us1 accord+ to ,william ,crook1 ! fir/ mission>y to ! ,m>quesans1 !y h a morai 9 ea* di/rict1 :]e ! dead are buri$ b5ea? a pavem5t ( l>ge /ones4#aae ,simil>ly1 9 ,nukahiva two or ?ree l>ge quadrangul> plat=ms 7pi-pis71 heavily flagg$1 enclos$ ) regul> /one walls & almo/ hidd5 by ! int]lac+ bran*es ( enorm\s trees1 7 po9t$ out z burial-places to ,melville1 & he 0 told t ! bodies 7 deposit$ 9 rude vaults b5ea? ! flagg+1 & 7 suff]$ to rema9 !re )\t be+ dis9t]r$4 ,al?\gh no?+ c\ld be m /range & gloomy ?an ! aspect ( ^! places1 :]e ! l(ty trees ?rew _! d>k %ad[s ov] rude blocks ( /one1 a /rang] look+ at !m w\ld h disc]n$ none ( ! ord9>y evid5ces ( a place ( sepulture4#aaf ,to ! same effect1 p]haps1 ,port] obs]ves t1 :5 ! fle% is m\ld]$ f ! bones1 !y are1 z ,i h be5 in=m$1 c>efully cleans$3 "s are kept = relics1 & "s are deposit$ 9 ! morais4#aag ,aga91 ,krus5/]n says t twelve mon?s aft] ! dea? ! corpse is brok5 into pieces1 & ! bones are pack$ 9 a small box made ( ! wood ( ! bread-fruit tree1 & c>ri$ to ! morai or burial place1 :]e no woman is all[$ to approa* "u pa9 ( dea?4#aah ,h[ev]1 ^! /atem5ts d n necess>ily imply t ! bones 7 buri$ "u ! /ones ( ! plat=m at ! morai4 #aae ,quot$ by ,j4 ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean1 p4 #add4 #aaf ,melville1 ,typee1 p4 #bje4 #aag ,port]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #abc4 #aah ,krus5/]n1 op4 cit4 i4 #agc4 ,b :e!r deposit$ on bi]s or buri$ "u ! pavem5t1 ! rema9s ( ! dead 7 liable to be c>ri$ (f 9 "t ( w> by foes1 :o reg>d$ su* an exploit z a great de$ ( h]oism4 ,h5ce :5 an invasion ( ! enemy 9 =ce 0 expect$1 ! cu/om 0 to remove ! bodies f ! morai & bury !m else:]e4#aai ,! heads ( enemies kill$ 9 battle 7 inv>iably kept & hung up z trophies ( victory 9 ! h\se ( ! conqu]or4 ,!y seem to h be5 smok$ 9 ord] to pres]ve !m bett]4#abj ,x is said t !y 7 us$ z cups to dr9k kava out (4#aba #aai ,langsdorff1 op4 cit4 i4 #acd4 #abj ,melville1 ,typee1 p4 #bjf4 #aba ,clavel1 op4 cit4 p4 #dg4 ,aft] t5 mon?s or a ye> ! obsequies 7 conclud$ by ano!r fun]al fea/1 :i* might la/ f eight to ?irty days accord+ to ! rank ( ! deceas$ & ! opul5ce ( 8 family4 ,at ! same "t (f]+s ( food 7 pres5t$ afre% at ! tomb1 & ! decorations 7 r5ew$1 consi/+ ( bran*es & leaves & /rips ( :ite b>k-clo?1 :i* wav$ l flags at ! end ( little :ite w&s4 ,at ^! anniv]s>y fea/s1 to :i*1 if ! deceas$ 0 a man ( quality1 only *iefs 7 9 _m cases admitt$1 great quantities ( pigs 7 consum$4#abb ,! int5tion ( ! fea/ is said to h be5 to ?ank ! gods = hav+ p]mitt$ ! dead p]son to arrive safely 9 ! o!r _w4#abc #abb ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aag sq4 #abc ,krus5/]n1 op4 cit4 i4 #agc4 ,sec4 #i4 ,fate ( ! ,s\l aft] ,dea? ,! s\ls ( ! dead 7 suppos$ to dep>t ei!r to an upp] or to a l[] _w1 ei!r to heav5 or to a subt]ranean region call$ ,havaiki4 ,! p>ticul> de/9ation ( a s\l aft] dea? 0 det]m9$1 n by moral consid]ations1 n by ! virtue or vice ( ! deceas$1 b by ! rank he _h occupi$ 9 ?is life3 p ( quality w5t to ! upp] _w1 & common p w5t to ! l[]1 to ,havaiki4#abd ,accord+ to a m precise acc\nt1 heav5 0 inhabit$ by deities ( ! highe/ ord]1 by wom5 :o _h di$ 9 *ildb$1 by w>riors :o _h fall5 on ! field ( battle1 by suicides1 & especially by ! ari/ocratic class ( ! *iefs4 ,?is cele/ial region 0 suppos$ to be a happy l&1 ab\nd+ 9 bread-fruit pa/e 7popoi71 pork1 & fi%1 & (f]+ ! companion%ip ( ! mo/ beautiful wom5 imag9able4 ,!re ! bread-fruit trees dropp$ _! ripe fruit e mom5t to ! gr\nd1 & ! supply ( coco-nuts & bananas nev] fail$4 ,!re ! s\ls repos$ on mats mu* f9] ?an ^? ( ,nukahiva2 & e day !y ba!d 9 riv]s ( coco-nut oil4 ,9 t happy l& !re 7 pl5ty ( plumes & fea!rs1 & bo>s'-tusks1 & sp]m-:ale tee? f> bett] ?an ev5 :ite m5 c boa/ (4 ,! ne!r _w1 on ! o!r h&1 0 peopl$ ) deities ( ! second class & by ord9>y human be+s1 :o _h no pret5sions to g5tility4 ,b x 0 n a place ( mis]y mu* less ( puni%m5t or torture2 on ! contr>y1 we are told t bo? ! upp] & ! l[] regions 7 happi] ?an ! e>? :i* ! liv+ inhabit4#abe ,! approa* to ! l[] _w1 curi\sly en\gh1 0 by sea4 ,! s\l sail$ away 9 a c(f9 %ap$ l a canoe 7pahaa74 ,:5 x came ne> ! *annel :i* divides ! isl& ,tahuata f ! isl& ,hivaoa1 x 0 met by two deities or two oppos+ influ5ces1 "o ( :i* tri$ to pu% ! s\l into a n>r[ /rait betwe5 ,tahuata & a c]ta9 rock 9 ! sea1 :ile ! o!r deity or influ5ce endeav\r$ to contrive t ! s\l %\ld keep ! broad *annel betwe5 ! rock & ,hivaoa4 ,! s\ls t 7 ?ru/ into ! n>r[ /rait 7 kill$2 :]eas su* z kept ! op5 *annel 7 conduct$ safe by a m]ciful god to _! de/9ation4#abf #abd ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 p4 #dd4 #abe ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 p4 #bbj2 ,melville1 ,typee1 p4 #ahe4 ,comp>e ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 p4 #dj4 #abf ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bbj sq4 ,sometimes ! l& ( ! dead 0 id5tifi$ ) a happy isl& or isl&s call$ ,tiburones ly+ some:]e 9 ! ocean to ! we/ ( ,nukahiva4 ,n uncommonly natives ( ! ,m>quesas sail$ away 9 great d\ble canoes to seek & f9d ^! happy isles1 b 7 nev] he>d ( aga94 ,on "o occasion1 = example1 =ty m5 9 ! isl& ( ,ua-pu1 :o _h revolt$ aga9/ _! *ief & be5 defeat$1 emb>k$ secretly by night & put to sea1 hop+ to discov] ! ,=tunate ,isl&s1 :]e !y w\ld be beyond ! rea* ( _! (f5d$ "l1 & :]e !y might pass ! rema9d] ( _! days 9 lib]ty & bliss4 ,:at became ( !m is unkn[n1 = !y 7 se5 & he>d ( no m 9 _! native isl&4#abg #abg ,port]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #ea sq42 ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bch note1 #bci1 #bfi1 #bgj2 ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bch sq42 ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bcd sq4 ,b ev5 ! s\ls t w5t to heav5 7 suppos$ to /& 9 ne$ ( a canoe 9 ord] to rea* ! place ( bliss4 ,on ?is po9t ,port] writes3 ,i endeav\r$ to asc]ta9 :e!r !y _h an idea ( a future /ate ( rew>ds & puni%m5ts1 & ! nature ( _! heav54 ,z respects ! latt] article1 !y believ$ x to be an isl&1 some:]e 9 ! sky1 ab\nd+ ) ev]y?+ desirable2 t ^? kill$ 9 w> & c>ri$ (f by _! fri5ds1 g !re1 provid$ !y are furni%$ ) a canoe & provisions2 b t ^? :o are c>ri$ (f by ! enemy1 nev] rea* x1 unless a suffici5t numb] ( ! enemy c be obta9$ to paddle 8 canoe !re4 ,= ?is reason !y 7 s anxi\s to procure a crew = _! prie/1 :o 0 kill$ & c>ri$ (f by ! ,happahs4 ,!y h nei!r rew>ds nor puni%m5ts 9 ?is _w1 & ,i c\ld n le>n t !y expect$ any 9 ! next4#abh #abh ,port]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #aac4 ,9 ! valley ( ,taipii 7,typee71 9 ! isl& ( ,nukahiva1 ,capta9 ,port] visit$ ! *ief place ( religi\s c]emony4 ,x 0 a plat=m ( ! usual sort situat$ 9 a f9e grove at ! foot ( a /eep m\nta94 ,on ! plat=m 0 an idol ( h>d /one1 rudely repres5t+ a deity 9 human %ape ( ab\t life size & 9 a squatt+ po/ure4 ,arrang$ on ei!r side ( ?is idol1 z well z 9 front & re>1 7 sev]al o!r images ( ab\t ! same size & ( ! same model1 b bett] c>v$ out ( bread-fruit wood4 ,! place 0 decorat$ ) /ream]s ( :ite clo?4 ,a few paces f ! grave 7 f\r f9e w> canoes1 furni%$ ) outrigg]s1 & decorat$ ) human hair1 coral %ells1 & _m :ite /ream]s4 ,9 ! /]n ( ea* canoe 0 ! effigy ( a man ) a paddle1 /e]+1 9 full dress1 deck$ ) plumes1 e>-r+s1 & all ! usual ornam5ts4 ,on enquir+ ( ! natives1 ,capta9 ,port] 0 in=m$ t ! dignifi$ effigy seat$ 9 ! /]n ( ! mo/ spl5did canoe repres5t$ a prie/ :o _h be5 kill$ n long be=e by _! enemies ! ,happahs4 ,9 ! bottom ( ! prie/'s canoe ,capta9 ,port] f\nd ! putrefy+ bodies ( two ,taipiis 7,typees7 :om he & 8 m5 _h rec5tly kill$ 9 battle2 & ly+ ab\t ! canoe he saw _m o!r human c>casses1 ) ! fle% /ill on !m4 ,! o!r canoes1 he 0 told1 belong$ to diff]5t w>riors :o _h be5 kill$ or _h di$ n long s9ce4 ,i ask$ !m1 cont9ues ,capta9 ,port]1 :y !y _h plac$ _! effigies 9 ! canoes1 & also :y !y put ! bodies ( ! dead ,typees 9 t ( ! prie/8 ,!y told me 7z ,wilson int]pret$7 t !y 7 go+ to heav51 & t x 0 impossible to get !re )\t canoes4 ,! canoe ( ! prie/ be+ l>ge1 he 0 unable to manage x himself1 nor 0 x "r t he %\ld1 he be+ n[ a god4 ,!y _h1 !re=e1 plac$ 9 x ! bodies ( ! ,happas & ,typees1 :i* _h be5 kill$ s9ce 8 dea?1 to paddle him to ! place ( 8 de/9ation2 b he _h n be5 able yet to />t1 = ! want ( a full crew1 z x w\ld require t5 to paddle h]1 & z yet !y _h only procur$ eight4 ,!y told me also t ! taboo1 laid 9 consequ5ce ( 8 dea?1 w\ld cont9ue until he _h />t$ on 8 voyage1 :i* he w\ld n be able to d until !y _h kill$ two m ( _! enemies1 & by ?is means complet$ ! crew4 ,i inquir$ if he took any sea /ock ) him4 ,!y told me he did1 & po9t+ to "s r$ hogs 9 an enclosure1 said t !y 7 int5d$ = him1 z well z a quantity ( bread-fruit1 coco-nuts1 etc41 :i* w\ld be collect$ f ! trees 9 ! grove4 ,i inquir$ if he _h f> to g2 !y repli$1 no3 & po9t+ to a small squ>e /one enclosure1 in=m$ me t 0 _! heav51 t he 0 to g !re4 ,?is place 0 taboo$1 !y told me1 = e "o except _! prie/s4#abi #abi ,port]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #aji-aaa4 ,a simil>1 or ! same1 effigy ( a dead *ief seat$ 9 8 canoe 0 se5 by ,melville 9 ! same valley 7,typee1 pp4 #ahc sq474 ,he says t ! canoe 0 ab\t sev5 feet 9 l5g?2 ( a ri*1 d>k-col\r$ wood1 h&somely c>v$1 & adorn$ 9 _m places ) v>iegat$ b9d+s ( /a9$ s9nate c9net1 into :i* 7 +5i\sly wr\ght a numb] ( sp>kl+ sea-%ells1 & a belt ( ! same %ells ran all r\nd x4 ,! body ( ! figure--( :atev] mat]ial x might h be5 made--0 effectually conceal$ 9 a heavy robe ( br[n tappa b>k-clo?1 reveal+ only ! h&s & head2 ! latt] skilfully c>v$ 9 wood1 & surm\nt$ by a sup]b ar* ( plumes4 ,b x 0 deem$ necess>y to provide a dead prie/ or *ief ) human victims = o!r purposes ?an to paddle 8 canoe to heav54 ,:5 a great *ief di$1 two common]s 7 sometimes sacrific$ = ! purpose ( escort+ him to ! abode ( bliss2 "o ( !m c>ri$ ! *ief's girdle1 & ! o!r bore ! head ( ! pig t _h be5 slaught]$ = ! fun]al fea/4 ,! head 0 int5d$ z a pres5t to ! w>d5 ( ! inf]nal regions1 :o1 if he did n get ?is p]quisite1 w\ld revile & /one ! gho/1 & %ut ! door 9 8 face4#acj ,! numb] ( human victims sacrific$ at ! dea? ( a prie/ v>i$ ) ! respect & fe> :i* he _h inspir$ 9 8 lifetime2#aca a common numb] seems to h be5 ?ree4#acb #acj ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 p4 #afc4 #aca ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 p4 #bbh4 #acb ,krus5/]n1 op4 cit4 i1 #agj4 ,! runaway ,engli% sailor1 ,rob]ts1 :o _h long resid$ 9 ! isl&s1 assur$ ! ,russian explor] ,lisiansky t1 on ! dea? ( a prie/1 ?ree m5 mu/ be sacrific$2 two ( :om are hung up 9 ! bury+-gr\nd1 :ile ! ?ird is cut to pieces1 & eat5 by visitors2 all b ! head1 :i* is plac$ ^u "o ( ! idols4 ,:5 ! fle% ( ! fir/ two are wa/$ away1 ! bones t rema9 are burnt4 ,! cu/om ( ! c\ntry requires1 t ! m5 de/9$ = sacrifice %\ld belong to "s neighb\r+ nation1 & accord+ly !y are g5]ally /ol54 ,?is occasions a w> ( six1 & sometimes ( twelve1 mon?s3 its duration1 h[ev]1 dep5ds ^u ! ne>e/ relation ( ! deceas$ prie/2 :o1 z soon z he is acqua9t$ ) 8 dea?1 retires to a place ( taboo2 & till he *ooses to come out1 ! blood ( ! two p>ties does n cease to fl[4 ,dur+ 8 retirem5t1 he is furni%$ ) ev]y?+ he may require1 human fle% n except$4#acc #acc ,u4 ,lisiansky1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 pp4 #ha sq4 ,a curi\s mode ( prep>+ a dead man to appe> to advantage be=e ! gods 9 ! o!r _w 0 to flay 8 corpse4 ,a ,ca?olic mission>y tells u t :5 a dead body began to swell up1 9 consequ5ce ( int]nal putrefaction1 x 0 cu/om>y to flay x & to pres]ve ! sk9 z a preci\s relic 9 ! family treasury1 :]e ! eye ( a pr(ane /rang] c\ld nev] fall on x4#acd ,! reason = obs]v+ ! cu/om is n m5tion$ by ?is mission>y1 b x is expla9$ by ano!r mission>y1 ,fa!r ,amable4 ,x happ5$ t ! k+ or head *ief ( ! isl& ( ,tahuata di$1 & t 8 body 0 br\ght to ! h\se ( ! que5 on ! bay :]e ,fa!r ,amable resid$4 ,= ?irty days %e kept ! corpse 9 ! h\se & occupi$ h]self ) sk9n+ x ) h] f+]s4 ,que/ion$ by ! mission>y z to h] reasons = ?is /range proc$ure1 %e answ]$ t h] husb&'s body mu/ be )\t spot or /a91 9 ord] t ! great goddess ,upu might give him leave to dwell 9 h] l& & to ba! 9 h] lake4 ,= ?is deity rules ov] a sort ( subm>9e ,ed51 plant$ ) all sorts ( excell5t fruits & beautifi$ by ! calm wat]s ( an azure lake4 ,! natives ( ,tahuata believe t ! s\ls ( all :o die 9 ! ar*ipelago assemble on ! top ( a high m\nta9 call$ ,kiukiu4 ,:5 a great multitude ( s\ls is !re ga!r$ toge!r1 ! sea op5s & ! s\ls fall plump d[n into ! p>adise ( ! goddess ,upu4 ,h[ev]1 n all ( !m are p]mitt$ to ent] ! happy l& & to enjoy ! pleasures :i* x (f]s4 ,only su* are admitt$ z h own$ 9 _! lifetime _m s]vants & _m pigs & h n be5 wick$4 ,fur!r1 none may ent] 9 :o be> on _! body any m>ks ( tattoo+4#ace ,h5ce ! reason = flay+ dead bodies seems to h be5 to efface1 by remov+ ! sk91 ! tattoo$ m>ks :i* w\ld h act$ z a fatal b> to ! entrance ( ! gho/ into p>adise4 ,z to ! s\ls ( slaves & ! poor1 9 ! op9ion ( ! natives ( ,tahuata !y g to a gloomy l&1 :i* is nev] illum9$ by ! sun1 & :]e !re is no?+ b muddy wat] to dr9k4#acf ,nev]!less ! p w\ld seem to h believ$ t ! s\ls ( ! dead l+]$ = a "t beside _! m\ld]+ bodies be=e !y took _! dep>ture = ! f> c\ntry4 ,9 ?is belief !y sacrific$ to !m pigs1 "s bak$1 & "s alive4 ,! bak$ pigs !y put 9 a holl[ log & hung f ! ro( ( ! hut1 & !y said t a god nam$ ,mapuhanui1 :o 9 ! beg9n+ _h be/[$ pigs on m51 us$ to come & fea/ on ! c>casses 9 company ) ! gho/4 ,b :5 !y (f]$ live pigs1 !y te!r$ ! animals to ! hut 9 :i* ! dead body lay1 & !y f$ !m till ! fle% dropp$ f ! skeleton2 aft] t !y all[$ ! pigs to die ( hung]4#acg ,p]haps1 l "s o!r peoples1 !y imag9$ t ! gho/ hov]$ ab\t 8 rema9s s long z ! fle% adh]$ to ! bones1 b t :5 ev5 t fa9t semblance ( life _h vani%$ he w5t away & _h no fur!r occasion = pigs1 :e!r alive or dead4 #acd ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 p4 #aaf4 #ace ,lettre du ,r4 ,p4 ,amable1 9 ,annales de la ,propagation de la ,foi1 xix4 7#ahdg7 pp4 #bb sq41 #bd4 #acf ,lettre du ,r4 ,p4 ,amable1 op4 cit4 p4 #bd4 #acg ,lettre du ,r4 ,p4 ,amable1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bc sq4 ,h[ev]1 ! s\ls ( ! dead 7 n suppos$ to be p]man5tly conf9$ to ! o!r _w4 ,aft] a long soj\rn 9 x1 all alike1 :atev] ! region !y inhabit$ 9 _! disembodi$ /ate1 c\ld return to e>? & be born aga94#ach ,inde$1 accord+ to ! natives ( ,nukahiva1 ! int]val betwe5 dea? & re9c>nation 0 n unduly long2 = e "o "h is p]suad$1 t ! s\l ( a gr&fa!r is transmitt$ by ,nature into ! body ( 8 gr&*ildr52 & t1 if an unfruitful wife 7 to place h]self "u ! corpse ( h] deceas$ gr&fa!r1 %e w\ld be sure to become pregnant4#aci ,occasionally ! s\l ( a dead p]son might ev5 inhabit ! body ( an animal4 ,once :5 a :ale 0 /r&$ on "o ( ! isl&s1 a prie/ess decl>$ t x 0 ! s\l ( a c]ta9 prie/1 :i* w\ld w&] until eight human victims 7 sacrific$ to ! gods4 ,9 va9 h] son w\ld h sub/itut$ turtles = human be+s2 ! p w\ld n he> ( x2 ! prescrib$ victims 7 captur$ f a neighb\r+ tribe & put to dea? 9 ord] to lay ! gho/ ( ! :ale1 or r ( ! prie/ :o _h animat$ ! :ale's body4#adj #ach ,lettre du ,r4 ,p4 ,amable1 op4 cit4 p4 #bd4 #aci ,lisiansky1 op4 cit4 p4 #hi4 #adj ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 pp4 #afa sq4 ,b ! s\ls ( ! dead 7 also believ$ to return f ! _s l& = o!r purposes ?an to be born aga9 9 ! fle%4 ,!y might come z gho/s to haunt & torm5t ! liv+1 & z su* !y 7 greatly dread$ by ! p4#ada ,! fir/ wat* ( ! night 0 ! h\r :5 !y 7 suppos$ especially to come on err&s ( mis*ief4#adb ,p>ticul>ly dread$ 7 ! gho/s ( high prie/s & great *iefs1 :o reta9$ 9 _! spiritual =m ! passions & ! ranc\rs :i* !y _h nurs$ 9 life1 & :o return$ 9 gho/ly %ape to e>? to m$dle ) ! affairs ( ! liv+1 & to puni% ev5 trivial (f5ces4 ,to gu>d aga9/ ^! dang]\s intrusions1 ! int]v5tion ( a prie/ or prie/ess 0 deem$ indisp5sable2 x 0 8 or h] bus9ess to c\nt]act a spell ca/ on a family1 or to heal a sickness inflict$ on an individual by "o ( ^! gho/ly vagrants4#adc ,su* 0 ! fe> ( w&]+ gho/s t no ,m>quesan w\ld d>e to /ir a /ep abroad at night )\t ! light ( a tor*2 = well he knew t evil spirits lurk$ beside ! pa? to knock d[n & ?rottle any ra% wayf>] :o %\ld d>e to leave 8 foot/eps unillum9$4#add ,inde$1 we are told t1 ( all beliefs 9 ! m9ds ( ! natives1 ! belief 9 gho/s 0 ! mo/ deeply root$4 ,x is impossible to express ! dread :i* !y felt ( spectres & app>itions2 nobody 0 exempt f x4 ,b x 0 only at night t ^! phantoms 7 to be fe>$4 ,?\gh !y rema9$ invisible1 !y reveal$ !mselves to ! t]ror-/rick5 w&]] by s\nd & t\*2 ! lea/ noise he>d 9 ! d>kness disclos$ _! pres5ce2 ! lea/ contact ) !m 0 a s5t5ce ( dea?1 sudd5 or sl[1 b sure4 ,h5ce1 if a man 0 oblig$ to g out aft] sunset1 he w\ld always take somebody ) him to be> him company1 ev5 if he _h to wake a comrade = ! purpose4 ,among ! wom5 ! fe> ( gho/s 0 yet great]1 _m ( !m w\ld n /ir abroad on a moonless night ev5 9 company4 ,9 pass+ by a burial-gr\nd or a solit>y tomb1 p us$ to ?r[ food t[>ds x = ! purpose ( appeas+ ! gho/1 :o o!rwise w\ld h attack$ !m4#ade #ada ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 p4 #dj4 #adb ,ma?ias ,g----1 op4 cit4 p4 #baj4 #adc ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bbd sq4 #add ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bbg1 #bdj4 #ade ,eyriaud des ,v]gnes1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ca sq4 ,?is deep-seat$ fe> ( ! dead has surviv$ ! conv]sion1 real or nom9al1 ( ! ,m>quesans to ,*ri/ianity4 ,no native w\ld ev5 n[ v5ture into a cave :]e ! rema9s ( ! dead h be5 deposit$1 n ?\gh ! greate/ treasures 7 to be f\nd !re1 = su* spots are believ$ to be con/antly haunt$ by ! gho/s ( ! dep>t$4 ,nobody1 x is said1 w\ld live 9 a h\se 9 :i* somebody has di$2 e su* dwell+ is imm$iately burnt d[n4 ,h5ce1 :5 a p]son is griev\sly sick1 a little primitive hut is erect$ beside ! h\se1 & he is c>ri$ out to die 9 x1 & :5 he is dead1 ! hut is 9 l mann] de/roy$ ) fire4#adf ,a woman w sometimes commit suicide 9 ord] t h] gho/ may haunt & torm5t h] unfai?ful husb&4#adg #adf ,baessl]1 op4 cit4 p4 #bcd4 #adg ,baessl]1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aic sq4 ,on ! o!r h&1 gho/s 9 ! old5 "t _h also _! utility1 = !y c\ld be summon$ up by a prie/ or prie/ess to give in=mation on v>i\s subjects1 su* z ! issue ( an illness4 ,on ^! occasions ! wiz>d w\ld hold a conv]sation ) ! _s1 ^: voice c\ld be he>d by ! li/5]s1 ?\gh 8 or h] %ape1 z usual1 0 invisible 9 ! d>kness4 ,sceptics ?\ght t su* communications 7 made by means ( v5triloquism1 & inde$ a prie/ess1 :o _h pr(ess$ to evoke ! s\l ( a dead *iefta9ess1 solemnly ma9ta9$ t %e c\ld make ! voice ( anybody1 :e!r dead or alive1 to speak f h] /oma*4#adh #adh ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bbg-bch4 ,9 su* beliefs & cu/oms are conta9$ z 9 g]m ! :ole !ory & practice ( ! wor%ip ( ! dead4 ,,note4--,we possess no ?or\gh acc\nt ( ! native ,m>quesan society & religion z ^! exi/$ be=e !y 7 trans=m$ by ,european influ5ce4 ,"s ( ! writ]s :o h describ$ ! isl&]s & _! cu/oms sp5t only a few days or at mo/ a few weeks among !m4 ,capta9 ,cook 0 at ! ,m>quesas only five days1 f ! #f? to ! #aa? ( ,april #aggd4adi ,! ,fr5* explor] ,m>*& sp5t eight days 9 ! isl&s f ! #ac? to ! #ba/ ( ,june #agia4aej ,! ,russian explor]s ,krus5/]n & ,lisiansky 7 ) _! two %ips1 ! ,nade%da & ,neva1 at ,nukahiva = t5 days1 f ! #g? to ! #ag? ( ,may #ahjd2 along ) !m 0 ! naturali/ ,langsdorff1 :o wrote an indep5d5t acc\nt ( ! voyage4#aea ,b ?\gh _! /ay 0 %ort1 !y _h ! advantage ( meet+ ) two ,europeans1 an ,engli%man nam$ ,e4 ,rob]ts1 & a ,fr5*man nam$ ,jean 7or ,joseph7 ,bapti/e ,cabri1 :o _h liv$ long 9 ! isl&s & spoke ! native language4 ,^! m5 act$ z int]pret]s to ! ,russians & suppli$ !m ) mo/ ( ! in=mation :i* !y give 9 _! books conc]n+ ! cu/oms & beliefs ( ! ,m>quesans4 ,rob]ts told !m t he _h be5 sev5 ye>s 9 ,nukahiva & two ye>s previ\sly 9 ,santa ,*ri/9a 7,tau-ata72 t he _h be5 put a%ore on ! latt] isl& out ( an ,engli% m]*ant %ip1 ! crew ( :i* _h mut9i$ aga9/ _! capta9 & c\ld n prevail ^u him to jo9 _! p>ty2 & t 9 ,nukahiva he _h lately m>ri$ a relation ( ! k+'s1 by :i* he acquir$ great consid]ation1 s t x w\ld be easy = him to be ( assi/ance to !m4 ,at ! same "t he e>ne/ly w>n$ !m aga9/ ! ,fr5*man1 :o _h also resid$ = "s ye>s 9 ,nukahiva1 b ^: "* he pa9t$ 9 v d>k col\rs4 ,! two ,russian capta9s1 ,krus5/]n & ,lisiansky1 accord+ly put _! tru/ 9 ,rob]ts & drew mo/ ( _! in=mation conc]n+ ! natives f him4 ,on ! o!r h& _! naturali/1 ,langsdorff1 made mo/ use ( ! ,fr5*man4 ,he admitt$1 inde$1 t ! ,engli%man 0 a man ( bett] "*1 great] natural intellig5ce1 & mu* high] education2 b on ! o!r h& he tells u t ! ,fr5*man _h be5 long] 9 ! isl& & possess$ a m ?or\gh ma/]y ( ! language & a great] intimacy ) ! natives1 among :om he _h liv$ z a savage among savages s long t he _h almo/ =gott5 8 own native tongue4 ,b ,langsdorff took c>e to "q bo? ^! m5 & only accept$ z true /atem5ts 9 :i* !y agre$ ) ea* o!r1 & to ?is agreem5t he naturally atta*$ ! great] weight because 8 two in=mants 7 bitt]ly ho/ile to ea* o!r & !re=e 7 unlikely to unite 9 deceiv+ him4#aeb ,on ! :ole1 !n1 ! acc\nt :i* ,langsdorff gives ( ,m>quesan society & religion is p]haps m tru/wor?y z well z full] ?an t ( 8 two compatriots & companions1 ,krus5/]n & ,lisiansky4 #adi ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 iii4 #bgd-bha2 comp>e ,g4 ,=/]1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w 7,london1 #aggg71 ii4 #e sqq4 #aej ,c4 ,p4 ,cl>et ,fleurieu1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w p]=m$ dur+ ! ye>s #agij1 #agia1 & #agib by ,eti5ne ,m>*& 7,london1 #ahja71 i4 #ca1 #ea4 ,m>*&'s brief acc\nt is supplem5t$ f o!r s\rces by 8 editor ,fleurieu 7op4 cit4 i4 #ee sqq474 #aea ,a4 ,j4 von ,krus5/]n1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w 9 ! ye>s #ahjc1 #ahjd1 #ahje1 & #ahjf 7,london1 #ahac71 i4 #ajh sq41 #acc sqq42 ,u4 ,lisiansky1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w 7,london1 #ahad71 pp4 #fb1 #ie2 ,g4 ,h4 von ,langsdorff1 ,bem]kung5 auf e9] ,reise um die ,welt 9 d5 ,jahr5 #ahjc bis #ahjg 7,frankfurt am ,ma91 #ahab71 i4 #ge1 #afa4 #aeb ,krus5/]n1 op4 cit4 i4 #aaj-aab2 ,lisiansky1 op4 cit4 p4 #gi2 ,langsdorff1 op4 cit4 i4 #gg1 #hc-he4 ,z to ! subsequ5t hi/ory ( ,rob]ts & ,cabri1 see ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 ,iles ,m>quises ou ,n\ka-hiva 7,p>is1 #ahdc71 pp4 #cef-cei4 ,capta9 ,david ,port] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,navy 0 ) 8 %ip ! ,essex at ,nukahiva f ,octob] #bd? till ,decemb] #i?1 #ahac4aec ,a great "p ( 8 "t 0 sp5t on %ore & 9 close contact ) ! natives1 & ?\gh he did n le>n ! language1 he 0 able to employ z an int]pret] an ,engli%man nam$ ,wilson1 :o _h liv$ = _m ye>s 9 ! isl&s1 spoke ! language ( ! natives ) ! same facility z 8 own1 & _h become a ,m>quesan 9 e respect except 9 col\r4 ,he prov$ indisp5sable to ! ,am]ican z an organ ( communication ) ! p2 & mu* ( ! in=mation :i* ,port] gives conc]n+ ! cu/oms ( ! ,m>quesans 0 d]iv$ by him f ?is man4#aed #aec ,capta9 ,david ,port]1 ,j\rnal ( a ,cruise made to ! ,pacific ,ocean 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates frigate ,essex 9 ! ye>s #ahab1 #ahac1 & #ahad1 ,second ,edition 7,new ,york1 #ahbb71 ii4 #e1 #ada4 #aed ,d4 ,port]1 op4 cit4 ii4 #ag sq4 ,! ,am]ican naval *apla91 ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 paid ab\t a =tnight's visit to ,nukahiva1 f ,july #bg? to ,augu/ #ac?1 #ahbi1 :ile 8 %ip1 ! ,v9c5nes1 0 an*or$ at ! isl&4 ,b he receiv$ mu* in=mation f ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,p4 ,crook1 :o sp5t ne>ly two ye>s 7#agig & #agih7 9 ! ,m>quesas1 hav+ be5 ! fir/ mission>y l&$ 9 ! isl&s by ! mission>y %ip ,duff4 ,dur+ 8 resid5ce 9 ! isl&s ,mr4 ,crook kept a j\rnal1 :i* he all[$ ,mr4 ,/ew>t to consult4 ,! cont5ts ( ! j\rnal corroborat$ ,mr4 ,/ew>t's own obs]vations z to ! inhabitants1 & ! acc\nt :i* he gives ( ! religion ( ! isl&]s is bas$ ma9ly on ! in=mation d]iv$ f ,mr4 ,crook#aee & is !re=e valuable2 = at ! "t :5 ,mr4 ,crook l&$ 9 ! ,m>quesas ! cu/oms & beliefs ( ! isl&]s 7 /ill practically unaffect$ by contact ) ,europeans4 #aee ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 ,visit to ! ,s\? ,seas 7,london1 #ahcb71 i4 pp4 x sq41 #aic1 #cca4 ,! writ] speaks 7p4 #cca7 ( 8 /ay ( a =tnight at ! ,wa%+ton ,isl&s4 ,mr4 ,crook fir/ l&$ 9 ! isl& ( ,santa ,*ri/9a 7,tau-ata7 on ,june #f?1 #agig4 ,see ,james ,wilson1 ,mission>y ,voyage to ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,ocean 7,london1 #agii71 pp4 #abi sqq4 ,z to 8 subsequ5t hi/ory 9 ! isl&s1 see ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 ,iles ,m>quises ou ,n\ka-hiva1 pp4 #ce-dj4 ,! surgeon ,f4 ,d4 ,b5nett1 on a :al+ voyage sp5t a few days 9 ,santa ,*ri/9a 7,tau-ata71 f ,febru>y #bh? to ,m>* #d?1 #ahce2 & 8 descriptions ( :at he saw are good s f> z !y g2 b naturally he c\ld collect b little accurate in=mation z to ! habits & ideas ( ! p 9 s %ort a "t4#aef #aef ,f4 ,d4 ,b5nett1 ,n>rative ( a ,:al+ ,voyage r\nd ! ,globe f ! ye> #ahcc to #ahcf 7,london1 #ahdj71 i #bif1 #cdf4 ,"o ( ! e>ly ,ca?olic mission>ies to ! ,m>quesas1 ,fa!r ,ma?ias ,g----1 sp5t two ye>s 9 ! isl&s & has giv5 u1 9 a s]ies ( lett]s1 an acc\nt ( ! native cu/oms & beliefs1 :i*1 ?\gh f> f complete or sy/ematic1 is bas$ on p]sonal obs]vation & is among ! be/ t we possess4#aeg #aeg ,le ,p4 ,ma?ias ,g----1 ,lettres sur les ,iles ,m>quises 7,p>is1 #ahdc74 ,! writ] is n explicit z to ! dates ( 8 resid5ce 9 ! ,m>quesas2 b he tells u t he sp5t two ye>s 9 habitual int]c\rse ) ! natives 7p4 #di71 & f o!r allusions :i* he makes 9 8 n>rative 7pp4 #bh sq47 x w\ld seem t ! ye>s 7 #ahci & #ahdj4 ,! fir/ ,ca?olic mission>ies l&$ 9 #ahch 7ib4 p4 #bb71 & o!rs 9 #ahci 7ib4 pp4 #bc sq474 ,among ! latt] 7 ,fa!rs ,g>cia & ,guilm>d 7ib4 p4 #bd74 ,fa!r ,g----may h be5 "o ( !m4 ,h]mann ,melville liv$ among ! ,taipiis 7,typees7 9 ,nukahiva = m ?an f\r mon?s1#aeh & wrote a lively n>rative ( 8 exp]i5ces4 ,8 p]sonal obs]vations are valuable1 b z he did n ma/] ! native language1 he 0 n able to ?r[ mu* light on ! inn] life ( ! p1 & 9 p>ticul> on _! religi\s ideas4 #aeh ,h4 ,melville1 ,typee 7,london1 ,ev]yman's ,libr>y71 p4 #bed4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,may1 #ahdb1 ! ,m>quesas ,isl&s 7 tak5 possession ( = ,france by ! ,fr5* ,admiral1 ,du ,petit-,?\>s2#aei & next ye>1 to satisfy ! int]e/ ( ! ,fr5* public 9 _! new possession1 a compreh5sive "w on ! isl&s & _! inhabitants 0 publi%$ by ,,mm4 ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz4#afj ,! au?ors _h visit$ ! isl&s ) ! exp$ition ( ! ,fr5* navigator1 ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 9 8 %ips ! ,a/rolabe & ! ,zelee4 ,b z ! exp$ition /ay$ only ab\t a week at ,nukahiva1 f ,augu/ #bf? to ,septemb] #crd1 #ahch1afa ! writ]s _h little opportunity ( mak+ p]sonal obs]vations4 ,_! "w is ma9ly a c>eful compilation f e>li] s\rces1 & z su* x is a useful & tru/wor?y summ>y ( :at 0 kn[n ab\t ! ar*ipelago & its inhabitants d[n to ! date ( publication4 #aei ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aai sqq4 #afj ,v9c5don-,dum\l9 et ,c4 ,desgraz1 ,iles ,m>quises ou ,n\ka-hiva 7,p>is1 #ahdc74 #afa ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 ,voyage au ,pole ,sud et dans l',oceanie1 ,hi/oire du ,voyage1 iv4 7,p>is1 #ahdb71 pp4 #e1 #di4 ,max ,radiguet1 "o ( ! memb]s ( ! exp$ition to ! ,m>quesas "u ,admiral ,du ,petit-,?\>s1 pass$ a consid]able "t 9 ! isl&s & wrote a graphic acc\nt ( 8 exp]i5ces1 :i* conta9s "s valuable in=mation z to ! natives1 _! cu/oms1 religion1 & my?ology4#afb ,9 ! "p :i* conc]ns ! my?ology he 0 assi/$ by an (fic] ( artill]y1 ,m4 ,rohr1 :o _h liv$ = sev]al ye>s 9 ,nukahiva & 0 famili> ) ! language & cu/oms ( ! p4#afc #afb ,max ,radiguet1 ,les ,d]ni]s ,sauvages1 ,n\velle ,edition 7,p>is1 #ahhb74 ,! au?or does n in=m u z to ! exact l5g? ( 8 /ay 9 ! isl&s4 #afc ,m4 ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 p4 #bba note4 ,9 #ahgg a good g5]al acc\nt ( ! ar*ipelago & its inhabitants 0 publi%$ at ,p>is4 ,! au?or 0 a naval lieut5ant1 ,p4 ,e4 ,eyriaud des ,v]gnes1 :o hav+ liv$ 9 ! isl&s 9 ! (ficial capacity ( ,resid5t = ab\t six ye>s 7f #ahfh to #ahgd7 _h ample "t & opportunity = obta9+ accurate in=mation on ! subject4#afd ,8 "w1 ?\gh some:at slight1 is valuable s f> z x goes2 b x does n tell u mu* ab\t ! native religion1 :i* 9 8 "t _h probably lo/ a good deal ( its orig9al "* ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ! mission>ies & ( civilisation4#afe #afd ,p4 ,e4 ,eyriaud des ,v]gnes1 ,l',ar*ipel des ,iles ,m>quises 7,p>is1 #ahgg74 #afe ,"s ye>s previ\sly a naval lieut5ant1 ,m4 ,j\an1 :o _h be5 9 comm& ( ! ,fr5* milit>y po/ at ,nukahiva1 publi%$ 9 ! ,revue ,coloniale 7#aheg-aheh7 "s notes on ! ,m>quesas1 :i* are said to conta9 "s useful in=mation on ! ar*ipelago4 ,see ,m4 ,radiguet1 op4 cit4 p4 #caj note4 ,i h n se5 ! "w ( ,m4 ,j\an2 b accord+ to ,radiguet x %[s t 9 ! twelve ye>s & m :i* _h elaps$ s9ce ! ,fr5* occupation ( ! isl&s ! pres5ce ( ,fr5* mission>ies & ( a ,fr5* g>rison _h done little to civilise ! natives4 ,"s ye>s lat]1 9 #ahha & #ahhb1 a ,fr5* naval doctor1 ,clavel by "n1 pass$ six mon?s 9 ! ,m>quesas4 ,dur+ 8 /ay he made p]sonal obs]vations & collect$ in=mation on ! natives4 ,^! he subsequ5tly publi%$ 9 a little "w1 :i* conta9s mu* ( value2#aff b :5 he wrote almo/ all ! natives _h be5 nom9ally conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity & _! anci5t religion 0 practically ext9ct4#afg #aff ,les ,m>quisi5s1 p> ,m4 le ,docteur ,clavel 7,p>is1 #ahhe74 #afg ,clavel1 op4 cit4 pp4 #fh-ga4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ! ,g]man travell] ,ar?ur ,baessl] paid a %ort visit to ! ,m>quesas4 ,9 8 book ( travel 9 ! ,s\? ,sea he has giv5 u descriptions ( ! isl&s & ! p z he saw !m1 includ+ "s acc\nt ( ! scanty rema9s ( _! /one monum5ts & images4#afh #afh ,ar?ur ,baessl]1 ,neue ,su$see-,bild] 7,b]l91 #aijj71 pp4 #ahi-bdb4 ,! writ] omits to m5tion ! date ( 8 visit to ! isl&s1 & ! l5g? ( 8 /ay 9 !m4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,belief ,,9 ,,immortality ,,among ,,! ,,hawaiians ,sec4 #a4 ,! ,s&wi* or ,hawaiian ,isl&s ,! ,s&wi* or ,hawaiian ,isl&s =m an ar*ipelago ly+ 9 ! ,nor? ,pacific ,ocean j )9 ! nor!rn tropic4 ,!y /ret* 9 a direction f nor?-we/ to s\?-ea/ = m ?an f\r hundr$ miles & include eight inhabit$ isl&s1 ( :i* ! mo/ important are ,hawaii1 ,maui1 ,oahu1 & ,kauai4 ,( ^! ,hawaii is by f> ! l>ge/2 inde$ x is ! l>ge/ isl& 9 ,polynesia ) ! exception ( ,new ,zeal&4 ,! isl&s are all m\nta9\s & ( volcanic =mation4 ,9 ,hawaii two ( ! m\nta9s are betwe5 #ac1jjj & #ad1jjj feet 9 height1 & two ( !m are active volcanoes2 "o ( !m1 nam$ ,kilauea1 possesses ! greate/ active crat] 9 ! _w1 a huge cauldron ( see?+ lava1 :i* pres5ts a spectacle ( awe-inspir+ gr&eur :5 se5 on a moonless night4 ,! o!r & mu* l(ti] volcano1 ,mauna ,loa1 0 ! sc5e ( a t]rific eruption 9 #ahgg & ( ano!r 9 #ahha4 ,crat]s1 l>ge & small1 hot spr+s1 & o!r evid5ces ( volcanic activity1 ab\nd ?r\gh\t ! ar*ipelago4 ,"o ( ! crat]s on ! isl& ( ,maui is said to be no less ?an fifte5 miles 9 circumf]5ce & ab\t two ?\s& feet deep4 ,! isl&s appe> to h be5 kn[n to ! ,spani>ds z e>ly z ! sixte5? c5tury2 b !y 7 r$iscov]$ 9 #aggh by ,capta9 ,cook1 :o 0 aft]w>ds kill$ 9 a fight ) ! natives 9 ,hawaii4#a #a ,w4 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 iv4 #d sqq42 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,hawaiian or ,s&wi* ,isl&s 7,london1 #ahdc71 pp4 #a sqq42 ,j4 ,remy1 ,hi/oire de l',ar*ipel ,havaii5 7,p>is & ,leipzig1 #ahfb71 pp4 vii sqq42 ,c4 ,e4 ,me9icke1 ,die ,inseln des ,/ill5 ,oceans1 ii4 #bga sqq42 ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica1 ,n9? ,edition1 xi4 #ebh sqq42 ,a4 ,m>cuse1 ,die ,hawaiis*5 ,inseln 7,b]l91 #ahid71 pp4 #a sqq42 ,f4 ,h4 ,h4 ,guillem>d1 ,au/ralasia1 ii4 #ecc sqq4 ,view$ f ! sea ! isl&s are apt to pres5t an appe>ance ( b>r5ness & desolation4 ,! m\nta9s desc5d into ! sea 9 precipices (t5 hundr$s ( feet high3 _! summits are capp$ ) sn[ or lo/ 9 mi/ & cl\ds2 & _! sides1 gre5 & /udd$ ) clumps ( trees 9 "s places1 b black1 scor*$ & b>e 9 o!rs1 are r5t into rav9es1 d[n :i* 9 ! ra9y seasons cat>acts ru% ro>+ to ! sea4 ,) ! *anges ( sun%9e & %ad[ ! l&scape z a :ole /rikes ! behold] n[ z 9 ! highe/ degree horrid1 dismal1 & dre>y1 n[ z wildly beautiful & romantic ) a sort ( /]n & sombre magnific5ce4#b ,inl&1 h[ev]1 9 _m places ! summits ( ! ridges cr[n$ ) =e/s ( p]petual v]dure1 ! slopes cov]$ ) fl[]+ %rubs or l(ty trees1 ! rocks mantl$ 9 creep]s1 ! wat]falls dropp+ f /up5d\s cliffs1 & ! di/ant prospects ( sn[y peaks1 bold romantic headl&s1 & blue seas1 all ar*$ by a summ] sky ( ! deepe/ azure1 comb9e to make up pictures ( fairy-l & en*ant+ lovel9ess4#c #b ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vii4 #id2 ,w4 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 iv4 #cd1 #cgi2 ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 ,resid5ce 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 ,fif? ,edition 7,bo/on1 #ahci71 pp4 #fi sqq41 #adj2 ,d4 ,ty]man & ,g4 ,b5net1 ,j\rnal ( ,voyages & ,travels1 i4 #cff1 #cia2 ,*4 ,wilkes1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 ,new ,edition 7,new ,york1 #ahea71 iii4 #cgc4 #c ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #ac sq42 ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bac sqq41 #bbi sqq42 ,ty]man & ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #dbf sqq42 ,j4 ,remy1 op4 cit4 pp4 xiv sq42 ,*4 ,wilkes1 op4 cit4 iii4 #cij sq42 ,f4 ,d4 ,b5nett1 ,n>rative ( a ,:al+ ,voyage r\nd ! ,globe 7,london1 #ahdj71 i4 #aih sqq4 ,! vale ( ,anuanu1 :i* runs up into ! m\nta9s f ! pla9 ( ,honululu 9 ! isl& ( ,oahu1 is especially fam$ = its natural beauty4 ,! climate naturally v>ies ) ! height above ! sea4 ,on ! coa/s1 ?\gh w>m1 x is rem>kably equable1 & p]haps no c\ntry 9 ! _w enjoys a f9] or heal?i] climate ?an "s p>ts ( ,hawaii & ,maui4 ,on ! m\nta9s all v>ieties ( climate are to be f\nd1 f ! tropical heat ( ! l[l&s to ! arctic cold ( ! two great peaks ( ,hawaii1 ,mauna ,kea & ,mauna ,loa ) _! p]petual sn[s1 :i* are n1 h[ev]1 always visible f ! sea or f ! foot ( ^! giants4 ,9 ! l[l&s fro/ is unkn[n4 ,! fre% breezes1 :i* bl[ f ! sea dur+ ! day & f ! m\nta9s at night1 temp] ! heat ( ! sun1 & r5d] ! ev5+s delici\s2 no?+ c surpass ! spl5d\r & cle>ness ( ! moonlight4 ,ra9 falls m abundantly on ! w9dw>d or ea/]n side ( ! isl&s ?an on ! leew>d or we/]n side4 ,?us at ,hilo1 on ! ea/]n side ( ,hawaii1 x ra9s almo/ e day1 :]eas 9 ,k5a1 on ! we/]n side1 ra9 h>dly ev] falls1 & along ! coa/ n a s+le wat]-c\rse is to be se5 = _m miles4 ,9 g5]al x may be said t ! ar*ipelago suff]s f dr\ght & h5ce occasionally f de>?4#d #d ,j4 ,remy1 op4 cit4 pp4 xvi sqq4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vii4 #ii sq42 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #ba sq42 ,*4 ,wilkes1 op4 cit4 iv4 #bhc sq42 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ab sqq42 ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica1 #i? edition1 xi4 #ecj4 ,sec4 #b4 ,! ,natives & _! ,mode ( ,life ,! natives ( ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s are typical ,polynesians4 ,9 g5]al !y are r above ! middle /ature1 well =m$1 ) f9e muscul> limbs1 op5 c\nt5ances1 & features frequ5tly resembl+ ^? ( ,europeans4 ,! =ehead is usually well develop$1 ! lips ?ick1 & ! no/rils full1 )\t any flatness or spread+ ( ! nose4 ,! complexion is tawny or olive 9 hue1 b sometimes r$di% br[n4 ,! hair is black or br[n & occasionally fair or r ruddy 9 col\r1 9 texture x is /rong1 smoo?1 & sometimes curly4 ,! gait is graceful & ev5 /ately4 ,b 9 ^! isl&s1 z 9 o!r p>ts ( ,polynesia1 !re is a conspicu\s diff]5ce betwe5 ! *iefs & ! common]s1 ! sup]iority be+ altoge!r on ! side ( ! *iefs4 ,! nobles ( ! l&1 says ,/ew>t1 are s /rongly m>k$ by _! ext]nal appe>ance1 z at all times to be easily di/+ui%able f ! common p4 ,!y seem1 inde$1 9 size & /ature to be almo/ a di/9ct race4 ,!y are all l>ge 9 _! frame1 & (t5 excessively corpul5t1 :ile ! common p are sc>ce ( ! ord9>y height ( ,europeans1 & ( a ?9 r ?an full habit4#e ,& ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two ranks is z obvi\s 9 _! walk & g5]al deportm5t z 9 _! /ature & size1 ! nobles be>+ !mselves ) a natural dignity & grace :i* are want+ 9 _! social inf]iors4 ,yet !re seems to be no reason to suppose t !y belong to a diff]5t race f ! common]s2 ! great] c>e tak5 ( !m 9 *ildhood1 _! bett] liv+1 sexual selection1 & ! influ5ce ( h]$ity appe> suffici5t to acc\nt = _! physical sup]iority4 ,! wom5 are well built & beautiful z anci5t /atues ) a sweet & engag+ expression ( c\nt5ance4 ,yet on ! :ole ! ,hawaiians are judg$ to be physically inf]ior bo? to ! ,tahitians & to ! ,m>quesans2 accord+ to ,capta9 ,k+1 !y are r d>k] ?an ! ,tahitians1 & n altoge!r s h&some a p4 ,on ! o!r h& !y are said to be m intellig5t ?an ei!r ! ,tahitians or ! ,m>quesans4 ,capta9 ,k+ describes !m z ( a mild & affectionate disposition1 equally remote f ! extreme levity & fickl5ess ( ! ,tahitians1 & f ! di/ant gravity & res]ve ( ! ,tongans4#f ,!y practis$ tattoo+ mu* less ?an _m o!r ,polynesians1 b _! faces1 h&s1 arms1 & ! =ep>t ( _! bodies 7 (t5 tattoo$ ) a v>iety ( patt]ns4#g #e ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 ,resid5ce 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 p4 #ajd4 #f ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vii4 #aab sq41 #aae sq42 ,u4 ,lisiansky1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 pp4 #abc sq42 ,l4 de ,freyc9et1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde1 ,hi/orique1 ii4 ,deuxieme p>tie 7,p>is1 #ahci71 p4 #egj2 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #bc2 ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 ,resid5ce 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 pp4 #ajd1 #ajf2 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 pp4 #gg sqq42 ,j4 ,remy1 op4 cit4 pp4 xxxvii sq42 ,f4 ,d4 ,b5nett1 op4 cit4 i4 #bji4 ,! la/ ( ^! writ]s speaks 9 unfav\rable t]ms ( ! p]sonal appe>ance ( ! wom51 :om he f\nd less h&some ?an ! m5 & v inf]ior to ! wom5 ( ! ,society ,isl&s4 #g ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vi4 #bac sq41 vii4 #aba2 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #bc4 ,! /aple food ( ! ,hawaiians consi/s ( t>o 7kalo71 sweet potatoes1 & fi%1 b above all ( t>o4 ,t root 7,arum or ,caladium escul5tum7 is to ! ,hawaiians :at bread-fruit is to ! ,tahitians1 & its cultivation is _! mo/ important agricultural indu/ry4 ,x is gr[n :]ev] !re is wat] or a m>%1 & x is ev5 plant$ on "s arid heights 9 ! isl& ( ,hawaii1 :]e x yields excell5t crops4 ,artificial irrigation 0 practis$ & ev5 regulat$ by law or cu/om 9 ! old days2 = x 0 a rule t wat] %\ld be conduct$ ov] e plantation twice a week 9 g5]al1 & once a week dur+ ! dry season4 ,! bread-fruit tree is n s common1 & its fruit n s mu* priz$1 z 9 ! ,m>quesas & ,tahiti4 ,! natives grew sweet potatoes ev5 be=e ! arrival ( ,europeans4 ,yams are f\nd wild1 b are h>dly eat5 except 9 times ( sc>city4 ,!re are sev]al sorts ( bananas2 ! fruit = ! mo/ "p is bett] cook$ ?an raw4 ,9 ! old days ! cook+ 0 done 9 ! ord9>y native ov5s1 consi/+ ( holes 9 ! gr\nd l9$ ) /ones :i* 7 heat$ ) fire4 ,aft] be+ bak$ 9 an ov5 ! roots ( ! t>o are ma%$ & dilut$ ) wat] s z to =m a pa/e or pudd+ call$ poe or poi1 :i* is sometimes eat5 sweet b is m g5]ally put aside till x has f]m5t$1 9 :i* condition x is pref]r$ by ! natives4 ,x is a highly nutriti\s sub/ance1 & ?\gh "s ,europeans compla9 ( ! s\rness ( t>o pudd+1 o!rs f9d x n unpalatable4 ,fi% us$ to be g5]ally eat5 raw1 season$ ) br9e or sea-wat]4 ,b !y also commonly salt _! fi%1 n = ! sake ( pres]v+ x = a season ( sc>city1 b because !y pref] ! ta/e4 ,!y con/ruct artificial fi%-ponds1 into :i* !y let "y fi% f ! sea1 pr9cipally ! fry ( ! grey mullet1 ( :i* ! *iefs are p>ticul>ly fond4 ,e *ief has1 or us$ to h1 8 own fi%-pond4 ,! natives are v skilful fi%]m54 ,9 ! old days !y made a great v>iety ( fi%-hooks out ( "m-(-pe>l & tortoise %ell z well z out ( bone1 & ^! !y dragg$ by means ( l9es beh9d _! canoes1 & s caught bonettas1 dolph9s1 & albicores4 ,!y took prodigi\s numb]s ( fly+ fi% 9 nets4 ,at ! "t :5 ! isl&s 7 discov]$ by ,capta9 ,cook1 ! natives possess$ pigs & dogs4 ,! fle% ( bo? ( ^! animals 0 eat51 b only by p]sons ( high] rank4 ,f[ls 7 also br$ & eat51 b !y 7 n v common1 & _! fle% 0 n v mu* e/eem$4 ,! sug>-cane 0 indig5\s 9 ! isl&s1 & ! p ate x z a fruit2 along ) bananas & planta9s x occupi$ a consid]able portion ( e plantation4 ,capta9 ,cook f\nd ! natives skilful husb&m51 b ?\ght t ) a m ext5sive sy/em ( agriculture1 ! isl&s c\ld h support$ ?ree times ! numb] ( ! exi/+ inhabitants4#h ,he rem>k$ t ! *iefs 7 mu* addict$ to ! dr9k+ ( kava1 & he attribut$ "s ( ! cutane\s & o!r diseases f :i* !y suff]$ to an immod]ate use ( :at he calls ! p]nici\s drug4#i #h ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vi4 #bae sq41 #bai1 #bbd sq41 vii4 #abf sq42 ,u4 ,lisiansky1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 p4 #abf2 ,ar*ibald ,campbell1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w 7,ed9burgh1 #ahaf71 pp4 #afa-fc1 #ahb sq41 #aid-aig2 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #fa1 #bae sq41 #dbj 7z to irrigation72 ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 ,resid5ce 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 pp4 #aaa-aac2 ,ty]man & ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #dab1 #dbf1 #dbh1 #dcj1 #dgb2 ,o4 von ,kotzebue1 ,neue ,reise um die ,welt 7,weim>1 #ahcj71 ii4 #if2 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 pp4 #fh sq42 ,j4 ,remy1 op4 cit4 pp4 xxiv sq41 xliii2 ,f4 ,d4 ,b5nett1 ,n>rative ( a ,:al+ ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 i4 #bac sqq4 ,z to ! sy/em ( irrigat+ ! t>o fields1 see especially ,o4 von ,kotzebue1 ,voyage ( ,discov]y into ! ,s\? ,sea & ,be]+'s ,/raits 7,london1 #ahba71 i4 #cdj sq4 #i ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vii4 #aac sq4 ,sec4 #c4 ,h\ses1 ,me*anical ,arts ,capta9 ,k+ obs]v$ t 9 "s respects ! natives ( ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s approa*$ ne>] 9 _! mann]s & cu/oms to ! ,maoris ( ,new ,zeal& ?an to _! less di/ant neighb\rs ( ! ,society & ,fri5dly ,isl&s1 ! ,tahitians & ! ,tongans4 ,9 no?+1 he says1 is ?is m obs]vable ?an 9 _! me?od ( liv+ toge!r 9 small t[ns or villages1 conta9+ f ab\t "o hundr$ to two hundr$ h\ses1 built pretty close toge!r1 )\t any ord]1 & ) a w9d+ pa? lead+ ?r\gh !m4 ,!y 7 g5]ally flank$ t[>ds ! sea ) loose deta*$ walls1 int5d$ = %elt] & def5ce4#aj ,! %ape ( ! h\ses 0 v simple4 ,!y 7 oblong ) v high ?at*$ ro(s1 s t ext]nally !y resembl$ ! top ( hay-/acks or r b>ns ) ! ?at*$ ro( slop+ d[n /eeply to two v l[ sides1 & ) gable ends to mat*4 ,! entrance1 plac$ indiff]5tly 9 "o ( ! sides or ends1 0 an oblong hole1 s l[ t "o _h r to creep ?an walk 91 & (t5 %ut by a bo>d ( planks fa/5$ toge!r1 :i* s]v$ z a door4 ,no light ent]$ ! h\se b by ?is op5+1 = !re 7 no w9d[s4 ,int]nally e h\se consi/$ ( a s+le room )\t p>titions4 ,9 spite ( ! extreme simplicity ( _! /ructure1 ! h\ses 7 kept v clean2 ! floors 7 cov]$ ) a l>ge quantity ( dri$ grass1 ov] :i* !y spread mats to sit & sleep ^u4 ,at "o end /ood a k9d ( b5* ab\t ?ree feet high1 on :i* 7 kept ! h\sehold ut5sils4 ,^! consi/$ m]ely ( a few wood5 b[ls & tr5*]s1 toge!r ) g\rd-%ells1 s]v+ ei!r z bottles or baskets4 ,! h\ses v>i$ 9 size ) ! weal? or rank ( ! own]s4 ,^? ( ! poor 7 m]e hovels1 :i* resembl$ ! /ies & k5nels ( pigs & dogs r ?an ! abodes ( m54 ,! h\ses ( ! *iefs 7 g5]ally l>ge & commodi\s by comp>ison1 "s =ty to sixty feet long by tw5ty or ?irty feet broad1 & eighte5 or tw5ty feet high at ! peak ( ! ro(4 ,*iefs _h always a sep>ate eat+-h\se1 & ev5 p ( ! l[] ranks _h "o su* h\se to e six or sev5 families = ! m54 ,! wom5 7 =bidd5 to eat 9 company ) ! m5 & ev5 to ent] ! eat+-h\se dur+ ! meals2 !y ate 9 ! same h\ses 9 :i* !y slept4 ,! h\ses ( ! *iefs 7 enclos$ 9 l>ge y>ds1 & sometimes /ood on /one plat=ms1 :i* r5d]$ !m m com=table4#aa #aj ,j4 ,cook1 vii4 #abe4 #aa ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vi4 #bad sq42 ,u4 ,lisiansky1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 p4 #abg2 ,a4 ,campbell1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 pp4 #ahj-ahb2 ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 ,resid5ce 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 p4 #ajg2 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #cbj-cbb2 ,ty]man & ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #cga sq42 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 pp4 #fg sq4 ,9 ! me*anical arts ! ,hawaiians display$ a consid]able degree ( +5uity & skill4 ,:ile ! m5 built ! h\ses & canoes & fa%ion$ wood5 di%es & b[ls1 ! wom5 und]took ! manufacture ( b>k-clo? 7kapa7 & mats4 ,b>k-clo? 0 made 9 ! usual way f ! b>k ( ! pap]-mulb]ry1 :i* 0 beat5 out ) groov$ mallets4 ,! clo? 0 dy$ a v>iety ( col\rs1 & patt]ns at once intricate & elegant 7 /amp$ on x & /a9$ 9 diff]5t t9ts4 ,! mats 7 wov5 or braid$ by h& )\t ! use ( any frame or in/rum5t4 ,! mat]ials 7 ru%es or palm-leaves2 ! mats made ( palm-leaves 7 mu* ! m durable & !re=e ! m valuable4 ,! co>s] & pla9] 7 spread on ! floor to sleep on2 ! f9] 7 ( :ite col\r ) r$ /ripes1 rhombuses1 & o!r figures int]wov5 on "o side4 ,among ! mo/ curi\s specim5s ( native c>v+ 7 ! wood5 b[ls 9 :i* ! *iefs drank kava4 ,!y 7 p]fectly r\nd1 beautifully poli%$1 & support$ on ?ree or f\r small human figures 9 v>i\s attitudes4 ,^! figures 7 accurately proportion$ & neatly f9i%$2 ev5 ! anatomy ( ! muscles /ra9$ to support ! weight 7 well express$4 ,! fi%+-hooks made by ! m51 especially ! l>ge hooks made to cat* %>k1 are describ$ by ,capta9 ,cook z really a/oni%+ = _! /r5g? & neatness2 he f\nd !m on trial mu* sup]ior to 8 own4#ab #ab ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vi4 #bah sq41 vii4 #acc-ace2 ,l4 de ,freyc9et1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde1 ,hi/orique1 ii4 #faa sq42 ,a4 ,campbell1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 pp4 #aib-aie2 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #aji-aac2 ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 ,resid5ce 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 pp4 #aad-aaf2 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ff sq4 ,! me*anical skill ( ^! p 0 all ! m rem>kable because ( ! extreme rud5ess & simplicity ( ! tools ) :i* !y work$4 ,_! *ief implem5t 0 an adze made ( a black or clay-col\r$ volcanic /one & poli%$ by con/ant friction ) pumice-/one 9 wat]4 ,!y _h also small in/rum5ts made ea* ( a s+le %>k's too?1 "s ( :i* 7 fix$ to ! =ep>t ( a dog's jawbone & o!rs to a ?9 wood5 h&le ( ! same %ape4 ,^! s]v$ z knives1 & pieces ( coral 7 us$ z files4 ,capta9 ,cook f\nd ! natives 9 possession ( two iron tools1 "o ( !m a piece ( iron hoop1 & ! o!r an edge-tool1 p]haps ! po9t ( a broadsword4 ,^! !y c\ld only h procur$ f a ,european vessel or f a wreck drift$ on _! coa/4 ,no m9es ( any k9d are kn[n to exi/ 9 ! isl&s4#ac #ac ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vi4 #bbj-bbd2 ,a4 ,campbell1 op4 cit4 p4 #aih2 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #cbb2 ,o4 von ,kotzebue1 ,neue ,reise um die ,welt1 ii4 #ig 7z to ! kava b[ls72 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 p4 #ff4 ,z to ! abs5ce ( m9es 9 ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s1 see ,j4 ,remy1 op4 cit4 p4 xvi4 ,_! weapons ( w> includ$ spe>s1 javel9s1 dagg]s1 & clubs1 all ( !m made ( wood4 ,!y also slung /ones ) deadly effect4 ,b !y _h no def5sive arm\r2 = ! w>-cloaks & wick]-"w helmets1 surm\nt$ ) l(ty cre/s & deck$ ) ! tail fea!rs ( ! tropic bird1 :ile !y height5$ ! impos+ & m>tial appe>ance ( ! we>]s1 mu/ h prov$ r encumbrances ?an protections4 ,capta9 ,cook f\nd ! natives 9 possession ( b[s & arr[s1 b f _! sc>city & ! sl5d]ness ( _! make he inf]r$ t ! ,hawaiians1 l o!r ,polynesians1 nev] us$ !m 9 battle4#ad #ad ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vi4 #bbg sq41 vii4 #acf sq42 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #aef sq42 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ef sq4 ,sec4 #d4 ,gov]nm5t1 ,social ,ranks1 ,taboo ,! gov]nm5t ( ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s 0 an absolute mon>*y or despotism2 all rights ( p[] & prop]ty ve/$ 9 ! k+1 ^: w & p[] alone 7 law1 ?\gh 9 important matt]s he 0 to a c]ta9 ext5t guid$ by ! op9ion ( ! *iefs 9 c\ncil4 ,! rank ( ! k+ & ! *iefs 0 h]$it>y1 desc5d+ f fa!r to son2 b ! appo9tm5t to all (fices ( au?ority & dignity 0 made by ! k+ alone4 ,nev]!less po/s ( hon\r1 influ5ce1 & emolum5t (t5 cont9u$ 9 ! same family = _m g5]ations4 ,nor 7 h]$it>y rank & au?ority conf9$ to m52 !y 7 inh]it$ also by wom54 ,accord+ to tradition1 sev]al ( ! isl&s _h be5 once or twice "u ! gov]nm5t ( a que54 ,! k+ 0 support$ by an annual tribute paid by all ! isl&s at diff]5t p]iods accord+ to 8 directions4 ,x compris$ bo? ! natural produce ( ! c\ntry & manufactur$ articles4 ,b besides ! regul> tribute ! k+ 0 at lib]ty to levy any additional tax he might please1 & ev5 to seize & appropriate any p]sonal possessions ( a *ief or o!r subject4 ,n infrequ5tly ! :ole crop ( a plantation 0 ?us c>ri$ (f by 8 reta9]s )\t ! lea/ apology or comp5sation4#ae ,h[ev]1 ! gov]nm5t ( ! :ole ,hawaiian ar*ipelago by a s+le mon>* 0 a comp>atively mod]n innovation4 ,d[n to ne>ly ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury ! diff]5t isl&s 7 indep5d5t ( ea* o!r & gov]n$ by sep>ate k+s1 :o 7 (t5 at w> "o ) ! o!r2 inde$ !re 7 sometimes sev]al indep5d5t k+doms )9 ! same isl&4 ,b t[>ds ! close ( ! eighte5? c5tury an en]getic & able k+ ( ,hawaii1 by "n ,kamehameha 7,tamehameha71 succe$$ 9 ext5d+ 8 sway by conque/ ov] ! :ole ar*ipelago1 & at 8 dea? 9 #ahai he bequea!d ! undivid$ mon>*y to 8 successors4#af #ae ,u4 ,lisiansky1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aaf sq42 ,a4 ,campbell1 op4 cit4 pp4 #afi sq42 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #daa sq42 ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 ,resid5ce 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 p4 #ajb2 ,ty]man & ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #chj2 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 pp4 #cj sqq4 ,accord+ to ,j>ves 7op4 cit4 p4 #cc71 ,rank 0 h]$it>y1 & desc5d$ *iefly f ! females1 :o frequ5tly held ! re9s ( gov]nm5t 9 _! own "r4 ,?is cu/om orig9at$ 9 ! great lic5se exi/+ betwe5 ! sexes2 no *ild1 ) c]ta9ty1 be+ able to designate 8 fa!r1 :ile no mi/ake c\ld be made 9 reg>d to ! "m4 #af ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 ,resid5ce 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 p4 #aja2 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 p4 #cj2 ,j4 ,remy1 op4 cit4 pp4 lxi sq42 ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica1 #i? ,edition1 xi4 #ebh4 ,! :ole body ( *iefs fell into ?ree classes or ranks4 ,! fir/ includ$ ! royal family & all :o 7 intimately connect$ ) x4 ,! second includ$ su* z held h]$it>y (fices ( p[] or gov]nor%ips ( isl&s1 aft] ! "t :5 ! :ole ar*ipelago 0 unit$ 9 a s+le k+dom4 ,! ?ird class embrac$ ! rul]s ( di/ricts1 ! headm5 ( villages1 & all inf]ior *iefs4 ,! memb]s ( ! fir/ two classes 7 usually call$ high *iefs2 !y 7 few 9 numb] & closely relat$ bo? by blood & m>riage4 ,! memb]s ( ! ?ird class 7 kn[n z small or l[ *iefs4 ,!y 7 by f> ! mo/ num]\s body ( *iefs 9 any isl&1 & 7 g5]ally call$ haku a9a or l&[n]s1 ?\gh /rictly speak+ ! k+ 0 ackn[l$g$ 9 e isl& z ! supreme "l & proprietor ( ! soil by h]$it>y "r or ! law ( conque/4 ,:5 ,kamehameha _h subdu$ ! great] "p ( ! isl&s1 he di/ribut$ !m among 8 fav\rite *iefs & w>riors on condition ( _! r5d]+ him n only milit>y s]vice1 b a c]ta9 proportion ( ! produce ( _! l&s4 ,9 ?is he appe>s to h foll[$ ! anci5t practice inv>iably obs]v$ on ! conque/ ( an isl&4#ag ,= f ! e>lie/ p]iods ( ,hawaiian hi/ory1 ! t5ure ( l&s has be51 9 mo/ respects1 feudal4 ,! orig9 ( ! fiefs 0 ! same z 9 ! nor!rn nations ( ,europe4 ,any *iefta9 :o c\ld collect a suffici5t numb] ( foll[]s to conqu] a di/rict1 or an isl&1 & _h succe$$ 9 8 object1 proce$$ to divide ! spoils1 or 'cut up ! l&1' z ! natives t]m$ x4 ,! k+1 or pr9cipal *ief1 made 8 *oice f ! be/ ( ! l&s4 ,aft]w>ds ! rema9+ "p ( ! conqu]$ t]ritory 0 di/ribut$ among ! lead]s1 & ^! aga9 subdivid$ _! %>es to o!rs1 :o became vassals1 ow+ fealty to ! sov]eigns ( ! fee4 ,! k+ plac$ "s ( 8 own p>ticul> s]vants on 8 portion z 8 ag5ts1 to sup]9t5d ! cultivation4 ,! orig9al occupants :o 7 on ! l&1 usually rema9$ "u _! new conqu]or1 & by !m ! l&s 7 cultivat$1 & r5t or taxes paid4#ah #ag ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 op4 cit4 p4 #ig2 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #dab sq41 #dad2 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 p4 #cc4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vii4 #acg sqq4 #ah ,*4 ,wilkes1 op4 cit4 iv4 #cd4 ,bel[ ! *iefs or nobles 7 ! common]s1 :o includ$ small f>m]s1 fi%]m51 me*anics1 su* z h\se-build]s & canoe-build]s1 musicians & danc]s1 9 %ort1 all ! lab\r+ classes1 :e!r !y work$ = a *ief or f>m] or cultivat$ pat*es ( l& = _! own b5efit4#ai ,accord+ to "o acc\nt1 ! common p are g5]ally consid]$ z atta*$ to ! soil1 & are transf]r$ ) ! l& f "o *ief to ano!r4#bj ,b ?is /atem5t is contradict$ by an e>li] & p]haps bett]-in=m$ writ]1 :o sp5t "s ?irte5 mon?s 9 ,oahu1 :ile ! isl&s 7 /ill indep5d5t & be=e ! conv]sion ( ! p to ,*ri/ianity4 ,he tells u t common]s 7 n slaves nor atta*$ to ! soil1 b at lib]ty to *ange ma/]s :5 !y ?\ght prop]4#ba ,on ?is subject ,capta9 ,k+ obs]ves3 ,h[ f> ! prop]ty ( ! l[] class is secur$ aga9/ ! rapacity & despotism ( ! great *iefs1 ,i _c say1 b x %\ld seem t x is suffici5tly protect$ aga9/ private !ft1 or mutual depr$ation2 = n only _! plantations1 :i* are spread ov] ! :ole c\ntry1 b also _! h\ses1 _! hogs1 & _! clo?1 7 left ungu>d$1 )\t ! smalle/ appreh5sions4 ,i h already rem>k$1 t !y n only sep>ate _! possessions by walls 9 ! pla9 c\ntry1 b t1 9 ! woods likewise1 :]ev] ! horse-planta9s gr[1 !y make use ( small :ite flags 9 ! same mann]1 & = ! same purpose ( discrim9at+ prop]ty1 z !y d bun*es ( leaves at ,otaheite4 ,all :i* circum/ances1 if !y d n am\nt to pro(s1 are /rong indications t ! p[] ( ! *iefs1 :]e prop]ty is conc]n$1 is n arbitr>y1 b at lea/ s f> circumscrib$ & asc]ta9$1 z to make x wor? ! :ile = ! inf]ior ord]s to cultivate ! soil1 & to occupy _! possessions di/9ct f ea* o!r4#bb ,yet on ! o!r h& we are told by lat] writ]s t 9 fact1 ! condition ( ! common p is t ( slaves2 !y hold no?+ :i* may n be tak5 f !m by ! /rong h& ( arbitr>y p[]1 :e!r ex]cis$ by ! sov]eign or a petty *ief4 ,on "o occasion ! writ]s saw ne>ly two ?\s& p]sons1 lad5 ) faggots ( s&al-wood1 com+ d[n f ! m\nta9s to deposit _! burd5s 9 ! royal /ore-h\ses1 & !n dep>t+ to _! homes1 we>y ) _! unpaid lab\rs1 yet )\t a murmur at _! bondage4#bc ,:5 at la/1 ?r\gh contact ) civilisation1 !y _h le>n$ to utt] _! grievances1 !y compla9$ t ! p 0 cru%$ by ! num]\s =c$ lab\rs & contributions ( e sort exact$ f !m by ! *iefs4 ,x 01 inde$1 v h>d to furni% ! *iefs1 on e requisition1 ) pigs1 food1 & all ! good ?+s :i* ! folk possess$1 & to see ! great despoil+ ! humble4 ,9 tru?1 ! p work$ = ! *iefs incessantly1 !y p]=m$ e k9d ( pa9ful task1 & !y paid ! *iefs all ! taxes :i* x pleas$ !m to dem&4#bd #ai ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #dac4 #bj ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #dag4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 p4 #cd4 #ba ,a4 ,campbell1 op4 cit4 p4 #afi4 ,z to ! l5g? ( ,campbell's resid5ce 9 ,wahoo 7,oahu71 see id41 p4 #aec note4 ,! date ( 8 resid5ce 0 #ahji-ahaj4 ,comp>e ,o4 von ,kotzebue1 ,voyage ( ,discov]y into ! ,s\? ,sea & ,be]+'s ,/raits 7,london1 #ahba71 iii4 #bdf3 ,! p are almo/ subject to ! arbitr>y w ( ! "l1 b !re are no slaves or vassals 7glebae adscripti74 ,! peasant & ! lab\r] may g :]ev] !y please4 ,! man is free1 he may be kill$1 b n sold & n deta9$4 #bb ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vii4 #ada sq4 #bc ,ty]man & ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #dae4 #bd ,j4 ,remy1 op4 cit4 p4 #afg4 ,c]ta9ly common]s 7 b\nd to pay great outw>d m>ks ( def]5ce to _! social sup]iors1 ! *iefs1 or nobles4 ,inde$1 ! respect almo/ am\nt$ to adoration1 = !y 7 on no occasion all[$ to t\* _! p]sons1 b pro/rat$ !mselves be=e !m1 & might n ent] _! h\ses )\t fir/ receiv+ p]mission4#be ,above all1 ! sy/em ( taboo or kapu1 z x 0 call$ 9 ! ,hawaiian dialect1#bf oppress$ ! common p & t5d$ to keep !m 9 a /ate ( abject subjection to ! nobles2 = ! prescriptions ( ! sy/em 7 num]\s & vexati\s1 & ! p5alty = brea*es ( !m 0 dea?4 ,if ! %ad[ ( a subject fell on a *ief1 ! subject 0 put to dea?2 if he rob$ himself 9 ! clo? or assum$ ! girdle ( a *ief1 he 0 put to dea?2 if he climb$ on ! wall ( a *ief's c\rty>d1 he 0 put to dea?2 if he /ood upright in/ead ( pro/rat+ himself :5 a vessel ( wat] 0 br\ght = ! *ief to wa% ) or 8 g>m5ts to we>1 he 0 put to dea?2 if he /epp$ on ! %ad[ ( a *ief's h\se ) 8 head sme>$ ) :ite clay1 or deck$ ) a g>l& ( fl[]s1 or m]ely wett$ ) wat]1 he 0 put to dea?2 if he slept ) 8 wife on a taboo day1 he 0 put to dea?2 if he made a noise dur+ public pray]s1 he 0 put to dea?2 if a woman ate pig1 or coco-nuts1 or bananas1 or lob/]1 or ! fi% call$ ulua1 %e 0 put to dea?2 if %e w5t 9 a canoe on a taboo day1 %e 0 put to dea?2 if husb& & wife ate toge!r1 !y 7 bo? put to dea?4#bg #be ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #dac2 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 pp4 #cc sq4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vii4 #acg4 #bf ,9 ! ,hawaiian dialect ! ord9>y ,polynesian ,t is pron\nc$ ,k1 & ! ,tongan ,b is pron\nc$ ,p4 ,h5ce ! ,tongan taboo becomes 9 ,hawaiian kapoo 7kapu74 ,see ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 p4 xxiii4 #bg ,j4 ,remy1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aei1 #afa1 #afg4 ,9 ,hawaii1 z 9 o!r p>ts ( ,polynesia1 ! taboo =m$ an important & ess5tial "p bo? ( ! religi\s & ( ! political sy/em1 ( :i* x 0 at once a /rong support & a p[]ful in/rum5t4 ,! prop] s5se ( ! ^w taboo 79 ,hawaiian kapu7 is sacr$4 ,?is did n1 h[ev]1 imply any moral quality2 x express$ r a connexion ) ! gods1 or a sep>ation f ord9>y purposes1 & exclusive appropriation to p]sons or ?+s consid]$ sacr$2 sometimes x meant devot$ z by a v[4 ,*iefs :o trac$ _! g5ealogy to ! gods 7 call$ arii taboo1 *iefs sacr$2 a temple 0 a wahi taboo1 place sacr$2 ! rule :i* prohibit$ wom5 f eat+ ) m51 & f eat+1 except on special occasions1 any fruits or animals ev] (f]$ 9 sacrifice to ! gods1 :ile x all[$ ! m5 to p>take ( !m1 0 call$ ai taboo1 eat+ sacr$4 ,! opposite ( kapu 0 noa1 :i* means g5]al or common2 = example1 ai noa signifies eat+ g5]ally or hav+ food 9 common4 ,al?\gh x 0 employ$ = civil z well z sacr$ purposes1 ! taboo 0 ess5tially a religi\s c]emony & c\ld be impos$ only by ! prie/s4 ,a religi\s motive 0 always assign$ = lay+ x on1 ?\gh x 0 (t5 done at ! in/ance ( ! civil au?orities2 & p]sons call$ kiaimoku1 isl& keep]s1 a k9d ( police (fic]s1 7 always appo9t$ by ! k+ to see t ! taboo 0 /rictly obs]v$4#bh #bh ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #che sqq4 ,comp>e ,l4 de ,freyc9et1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde1 ,hi/orique1 ii4 #eig4 ,! application ( ! re/riction impli$ by taboo 0 ei!r g5]al or p>ticul>1 ei!r p]man5t or occasional4 ,to take examples ( p]man5t taboos1 ! idols & temples1 ! p]sons & names ( ! k+ & o!r memb]s ( ! royal family1 ! p]sons ( prie/s1 canoes belong+ to ! gods1 ! h\ses1 clo!s1 & mats ( ! k+ & prie/s1 & ! heads ( m5 :o 7 ! devotees ( any p>ticul> idol1 7 always taboo or sacr$4 ,! fle% ( hogs1 f[ls1 turtles1 & sev]al sorts ( fi%1 coco-nuts1 & almo/ ev]y?+ (f]$ 9 sacrifice 7 taboo or consecrat$ to ! use ( ! gods & ! m52 h5ce wom5 71 except 9 cases ( p>ticul> indulg5ce1 =bidd5 to p>take ( !m4 ,p>ticul> places1 su* z ^? frequ5t$ by ! k+ = ba?+1 7 also p]man5tly taboo4 ,z examples ( tempor>y taboos may be m5tion$ ^? :i* 7 impos$ on an isl& or di/rict = a c]ta9 "t1 dur+ :i* no canoe or p]son 0 all[$ to approa* x4 ,p>ticul> fruits1 animals1 & ! fi% ( c]ta9 places 7 occasionally taboo = sev]al mon?s1 dur+ :i* nei!r m5 nor wom5 might eat !m4#bi ,! pr$ecessor ( ,kamehameha1 k+ ( ,hawaii1 0 taboo to su* a degree t he 0 n all[$ to be se5 by day4 ,he only %[$ himself 9 ! night3 if any p]son _h b accid5tally se5 him by daylight he 0 imm$iately put to dea?2 a sacr$ law1 ! fulfilm5t ( :i* no?+ c\ld prev5t4#cj #bi ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #chg4 #cj ,o4 von ,kotzebue1 ,voyage ( ,discov]y into ! ,s\? ,sea & ,be]+'s ,/raits 7,london1 #ahba71 iii4 #bdg4 ,! seasons g5]ally kept taboo 7 on ! approa* ( "s great religi\s c]emony1 imm$iately be=e go+ to w>1 & dur+ ! sickness ( *iefs4 ,_! duration 0 v>i\s1 & mu* long] 9 anci5t ?an 9 mod]n times4 ,tradition tells ( a taboo :i* la/$ ?irty ye>s1 dur+ :i* m5 might n trim _! be>ds & 7 subject to o!r re/rictions4 ,ano!r 0 kept = five ye>s4 ,be=e ! reign ( ,kamehameha =ty days 0 ! usual p]iod2 b 9 8 "t ! p]iod 0 %ort5$ to t5 or five days1 or ev5 to a s+le day4 ,! taboo seasons might be ei!r common or /rict4 ,dur+ a common taboo ! m5 7 only requir$ to ab/a9 f _! usual avocations1 & to att5d morn+ & ev5+ pray]s at ! temple4 ,b dur+ a /rict taboo e fire & light 9 ! di/rict or isl& mu/ be ext+ui%$2 no canoe might be laun*$2 no p]son might ba! or ev5 appe> out ( doors1 unless 8 att5dance 0 requir$ at ! temple2 no dog might b>k1 no pig grunt1 & no cock cr[2 = if any ( ^! ?+s 7 to happ5 ! taboo w\ld be brok5 & fail to accompli% its object4 ,to prev5t ?is disa/] ! m\?s ( dogs & pigs 7 ti$ up1 & f[ls 7 put "u a calaba%1 or a clo? 0 fa/5$ ov] _! eyes4#ca #ca ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #chg sq4 ,! prohibitions ( ! taboo 7 /rictly en=c$2 e brea* ( !m 0 puni%$ ) dea?1 unless ! del9qu5t _h p[]ful fri5ds among ! prie/s or *iefs1 :o c\ld save him4 ,! culprits 7 g5]ally (f]$ 9 sacrifice1 be+ ei!r /rangl$ or clubb$ at ! temple2 accord+ to "o acc\nt1 !y 7 burnt4#cb #cb ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #chi4 ,z to ! taboo 9 ,hawaii1 see also ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vii4 #adf sq42 ,l4 de ,freyc9et1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde1 ,hi/orique1 ii4 #eig2 ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 ,resid5ce 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 pp4 #ca sq42 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ej-eb2 ,j4 ,remy1 op4 cit4 pp4 xxxviii sq41 #aei sqq4 ,! sy/em seems to h be5 f\nd at la/ too burd5some to be borne ev5 by ! k+1 :o "u x 0 =bidd5 to t\* 8 food ) 8 own h&s1 & _h to submit to hav+ x put into 8 m\? by ano!r p]son1 z if he 7 an infant4#cc ,:atev] 8 motive1 ,liholiho1 son ( ,kamehameha1 _h h>dly succe$$ 8 fa!r on ! ?rone ( ,hawaii :5 he aboli%$ ! sy/em ( taboo & ! national religion at a s+le bl[4 ,?is rem>kable re=mation took place 9 ,novemb] #ahai4 ,:5 ! fir/ ,*ri/ian mission>ies arriv$ f ,am]ica1 "s mon?s lat]1 ,m>* #cj?1 #ahbj1 !y 7 a/oni%$ to le>n ( a peaceful revolution1 :i* _h s opportunely prep>$ ! way = _! own tea*+4#cd #cc ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #chh4 #cd ,l4 de ,freyc9et1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde1 ,hi/orique1 ii4 #fjc2 ,o4 von ,kotzebue1 ,neue ,reise um die ,welt1 ii4 #aji sqq42 ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #cj1 #abf sqq41 #acg1 #bjd1 #cab2 ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 ,resid5ce 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 pp4 #ca1 #cb sq42 ,ty]man & ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #cgh sq41 #cig sq41 #ddb sq42 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aig sq41 #bja2 ,j4 ,remy1 op4 cit4 pp4 lxv1 #acc sqq42 ,h4 ,b+ham1 ,resid5ce ( ,tw5ty-"o ,ye>s 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s 7,h>t=d1 #ahdi71 pp4 #fi sqq4 ,k+ ,kamehameha ! ,fir/ di$ #h? ,may #ahai4 ,sec4 #e4 ,religion1 ! ,gods ,( ! native ,hawaiian religion1 z x exi/$ be=e ! adv5t ( ,europeans & ! conv]sion ( ! p to ,*ri/ianity1 we possess no adequate acc\nt4 ,! defect is probably due 9 great measure to ! read9ess ) :i* ! isl&]s rel9qui%$ _! old fai? & adopt$ ! new "o4 ,! transition seems to h be5 effect$ ) great ease & comp>atively little opposition2 h5ce :5 ! mission>ies settl$ 9 ! isl&s a few mon?s aft] ! =mal abolition ( ! anci5t religion1 paganism 0 already almo/ a ?+ ( ! pa/1 & ! ,*ri/ian tea*]s 7 ei!r unable or p]haps unwill+ to record 9 detail ! beliefs & rites :i* !y reg>d$ z false & p]nici\s4 ,be t z x may1 we possess no su* comp>atively full & accurate records ( ! old ,hawaiian religion1 z we possess1 = example1 ( ! old pagan religion ( ! ,tongans & ! ,samoans1 :o clung mu* m p]t9aci\sly to ! cre$ ( _! fa!rs ?an _! m enlight5$ or m fickle k9sfolk 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s4 ,h5ce we are oblig$ to cont5t ourselves ) "s m or less meagre & fragm5t>y notices ( ! anci5t ,hawaiian sy/em ( religi\s belief & practice4 ,b z ! ,hawaiians are1 or 71 pure-blood$ ,polynesians1 we may assume ) a fair degree ( probability t 9 its broad l9es _! religi\s sy/em con=m$ to ! ord9>y ,polynesian type4 ,on ?is subject ,capta9 ,k+1 ! colleague & successor ( ,capta9 ,cook 9 8 la/ voyage1 obs]ves z foll[s3 ,! religion ( ^! p resembles1 9 mo/ ( its pr9cipal features1 t ( ! ,society & ,fri5dly ,isl&s4 ,_! ,morais1 _! ,:attas1 _! idols1 _! sacrifices1 & _! sacr$ songs1 all ( :i* !y h 9 common ) ea* o!r1 are conv9c+ pro(s t _! religi\s notions are d]iv$ f ! same s\rce4 ,9 ! l5g? & numb] ( _! c]emonies ?is bran* inde$ f> exce$s ! re/2 & ?\gh 9 all ^! c\ntries !re is a c]ta9 class ( m5 to ^: c>e ! p]=mance ( _! religi\s rites is committ$1 yet we _h nev] met ) a regul> society ( prie/s1 till we discov]$ ! cloi/]s ( ,kakooa 9 ,k>akakooa ,bay 9 ! isl& ( ,hawaii4 ,! head ( ?is ord] 0 call$ ,orono2 a title :i* we imag9$ to imply some?+ highly sacr$1 & :i*1 9 ! p]son ( ,omeeah1 0 hon\r$ almo/ to adoration4444 ,x has be5 m5tion$ t ! title ( ,orono1 ) all its hon\rs1 0 giv5 to ,capta9 ,cook2 & x is also c]ta9 t !y reg>d$ u g5]ally z a race ( p sup]ior to !mselves2 & us$ (t5 to say t great ,eatooa atuas1 spirits dwell$ 9 our c\ntry4 ,! little image1 :i* we h be=e describ$ z ! fav\rite idol on ! ,morai 9 ,k>akakooa ,bay1 !y call$ ,koonooraekaiee1 & said x 0 ,t]reeoboo's god1 & t he also resid$ among/ u4 ,!re are f\nd an inf9ite v>iety ( ^! images bo? on ! ,morais1 & )9 & )\t _! h\ses1 to :i* !y give diff]5t names2 b x soon became obvi\s to u 9 h[ little e/imation !y 7 held1 f _! frequ5t expressions ( contempt ( !m1 & f _! ev5 (f]+ !m to sale = trifles4 ,at ! same "t !re seldom fail$ to be "s "o p>ticul> figure 9 fav\r1 to :i*1 :il/ ?is pref]5ce la/$1 all _! adoration 0 address$4 ,?is consi/$ 9 array+ x 9 r$ clo?1 beat+ _! drums1 & s++ hymns be=e x1 lay+ bun*es ( r$ fea!rs1 & diff]5t sorts ( vegetables1 at its feet1 & expos+ a pig or a dog to rot on ! :atta t /ood ne> x4 ,9 a bay to ! s\?w>d ( ,k>akakooa1 a p>ty ( our g5tlem5 7 conduct$ to a l>ge h\se1 9 :i* !y f\nd ! black figure ( a man1 re/+ on 8 f+]s & toes1 ) 8 head incl9$ backw>d1 ! limbs well =m$ & exactly proportion$1 & ! :ole beautifully poli%$4 ,?is figure ! natives call ,maee2 & r\nd x 7 plac$ ?irte5 o!rs ( rude & di/ort$ %apes1 :i* !y said 7 ! ,eatooas spirits ( sev]al deceas$ *iefs1 ^: names !y rec\nt$4 ,! place 0 full ( :attas1 on :i* lay ! rema9s ( _! (f]+s4 ,!y likewise give a place 9 _! h\ses to _m ludicr\s & "s obsc5e idols1 l ! ,priapus ( ! anci5ts4#ce #ce ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vii4 #adb-add4 ,! g5]al ,hawaiian "n = god 0 akua1 correspond+ to ! m usual ,polynesian =m atua4#cf ,! f\r pr9cipal ,hawaiian deities 7 ,ku1 ,kane1 ,kanaloa1 & ,lono4#cg ,_! names are only dialectically diff]5t =ms ( ,tu1 ,tane1 ,tang>oa or ,tagaloa1 & ,rongo1 f\r ( ! greate/ ,polynesian gods4#ch ,( ^! deities x is said t ,ku1 ,kane1 & ,lono =m$ ! orig9al ,hawaiian triad or tr9ity1 :o 7 wor%ipp$ z a unity "u ! "n ( ,ku-kau-akahi1 ! "o e/abli%$4#ci ,! mean+ or ess5ce ( ! ?ree p]sons ( ! tr9ity is said to be ,/ability 7,ku71 ,light 7,tane71 & ,s\nd 7,lono74#dj ,^! gods1 we are told1 creat$ ! ?ree heav5s z _! dwell+-place1 !n ! e>?1 sun1 moon1 & />s1 !n1 ! ho/ ( angels & m9i/]s4 ,kanaloa 7,tang>oa71 :o repres5t$ ! _s ( evil1 0 a lat] introduction into ! ,hawaiian !ology2 he x 0 :o l$ ! rebellion ( spirits1 al?\gh ,milu is 9 o!r traditions cr$it$ ) ?is bad pre-em95ce4#da ,we read t :5 ! tr9ity 7 at "w on ! task ( creat+ ! fir/ man1 ! bad _s ,kanaloa1 out ( rivalry1 also made an image1 b he c\ld n end[ x ) life4 ,s1 9 a rage1 he cri$ to ,kane1 ,i w take y\r man1 he %all die6 ,& t1 x is said1 0 ! orig9 ( dea?4 ,! reason :y ! spirits1 "u ! lead]%ip ( ,kanaloa1 rebell$ 0 t !y _h be5 d5i$ ! sacrifice ( kava4 ,= _! rebellion !y 7 ?ru/ d[n to ! l[e/ dep? ( ,d>kness or ,night 7,po74#db #cf ,j4 ,remy1 op4 cit4 p4 xxxix2 ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 p4 #cj1 s4v4 ,atua4 #cg ,j4 ,remy1 op4 cit4 p4 xxxix2 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 p4 #dj2 ,h4 ,t4 ,*eev]1 ,life 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s 7,london1 #ahea71 p4 #aa2 ,a4 ,ba/ian1 ,die heilige ,sage d] ,polynesi] 7,leipzig1 #ahha71 p4 #aca2 id41 ,inselgrupp5 9 ,oceani5 7,b]l91 #ahhc71 p4 #bbe2 ,a4 ,m>cuse1 ,die ,hawaiis*5 ,inseln1 pp4 #ig sq4 #ch ,e4 ,trege>1 op4 cit4 #dbe1 #dfa1 #dfd1 #edj1 s4vv4 ,rongo1 ,tane1 ,tang>oa1 ,tu4 #ci ,e4 ,trege>1 op4 cit4 p4 #dbe1 s4v4 ,rongo4 #dj ,e4 ,trege>1 op4 cit4 pp4 #dfa1 #edj1 s4vv4 ,tane1 ,tu4 #da ,e4 ,trege>1 op4 cit4 p4 #edj1 s4v4 ,tu4 #db ,e4 ,trege>1 op4 cit4 p4 #dfd1 s4v4 ,tang>oa4 ,accord+ to ano!r acc\nt1 ! evil _s 0 n ,kanaloa1 b ,ku2 ,kanaloa 0 a y\ng] bro!r ( ,kane1 & help$ him 9 8 b5efic5t lab\rs4 ,see ,a4 ,m>cuse1 ,die ,hawaiis*5 ,inseln1 pp4 #ig sq4 ,?is latt] v]sion agrees ) ! view ( ,kane & ,kanaloa z div9e tw9s4 ,see bel[1 pp4 #cid sq4 ,a full] acc\nt ( ^! mom5t\s transactions pres5ts a close1 p]haps a suspici\s1 resemblance to ! ,biblical n>rative ( ! same ev5ts4 ,x runs z foll[s3 ,accord+ to anci5t ,hawaiian traditions1 !re exi/$ 9 ! *aos ?ree mighty gods1 ,kane1 ,ku1 & ,lono4 ,by _! common action light 0 br\ght into ! *aos4 ,!n ! gods creat$ ?ree heav5ly sph]es1 9 :i* !y dwelt1 & la/ ( all ! e>?1 sun1 moon1 & />s4 ,out ( _! spittle !y !reupon creat$ a ho/ ( angels1 :o _h to r5d] s]vice to ! ?ree orig9al deities4 ,la/ ( all came ! creation ( man4 ,8 body 0 fa%ion$ out ( r$ e>?1 & 8 head out ( :ite clay1 & ,kane1 ! highe/ ( ! gods1 brea!d into ?is ,hawaiian ,adam ! brea? ( life4 ,out ( "o ( 8 ribs ! ,hawaiian ,eve 0 creat$4 ,! newly =m$ pair1 by "n ,kumuhonua & ,keolakuhonua1 7 plac$ 9 a beautiful p>adise call$ ,paliuli1 :i* 0 wat]$ by ! ?ree riv]s ( life1 & plant$ ) _m f9e trees1 among !m ! sacr$ bread-fruit tree4 ,! mightie/ ( ! angels1 ,kanaloa1 ! ,hawaiian ,lucif]1 desir$ t ! newly creat$ human pair %\ld wor%ip him1 :i* 0 =bidd5 by ,god ! ,fa!r1 ,kane4 ,aft] va9 attempts to create a new man devot$ to himself1 ,kanaloa1 out ( desire = v5geance1 resolv$ to ru9 ! fir/ human pair creat$ by ! gods4 ,9 ! lik5ess ( a great liz>d he crept into ,p>adise & s$uc$ ! two inhabitants ( ! same into committ+ s91 :]eupon !y 7 driv5 out ( ,p>adise by a p[]ful bird s5t by ,kane4 ,!n foll[1 z 9 ! ,bible1 ! leg5ds ( ! ,hawaiian ,ca9 7,laka7 & ! ,hawaiian ,noah 7,nuu71 by :om ! ance/ors ( ! ,hawaiian p are said to h be5 sav$ f ! univ]sal flood4#dc ,! /ory ( ! creation ( ! fir/ woman out ( a rib ( ! fir/ man appe>s to h be5 widespread 9 ,polynesia1 = x is report$ also f ,tahiti1#dd ,faka(o or ,b[dit* ,isl&1#de & ,new ,zeal&4#df #dc ,a4 ,m>cuse1 ,die ,hawaiis*5 ,inseln1 p4 #ig4 #dd ,w4 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 i4 #aaj sq42 ,ty]man & ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #cab sq4 #de ,g4 ,turn]1 ,samoa1 pp4 #bfg sq4 #df ,j4 ,l4 ,ni*olas1 ,n>rative ( a ,voyage to ,new ,zeal& 7,london1 #ahag71 i4 #ei4 ,comp>e ,folk-lore 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 i4 #i sq4 ,( ! ?ree p]sons 9 ! ,hawaiian tr9ity1 ,kane 7,tane7 is said to h be5 ! pr9cipal4 ,he 0 especially associat$ ) light2 9 a fragm5t ( an anci5t liturgy he is call$ ,heav5-fa!r 7,lani-makua7 & 9 a v anci5t *ant he is id5tifi$ ) ! ,creator4 ,:5 aft] ! great flood ! ,hawaiian ,noah1 :o is call$ ,nuu1 left 8 vessel1 he (f]$ up sacrifice to ! moon1 say+1 ,y are d\btless a trans=mation ( ,tane4 ,b ! deity 0 angry at ?is wor%ip ( a mat]ial object2 nev]!less1 :5 ,nuu express$ 8 contrition1 ! ra9b[ 0 left z a pl$ge ( =giv5ess4#dg #dg ,e4 ,trege>1 op4 cit4 p4 #dfa1 s4v4 ,tane4 ,accord+ to "o acc\nt1 ! two great gods ,kane & ,kanaloa 7 tw9s4 ,9 ,hawaii tw9s are reg>d$ z sup]ior to ord9>y mortals bo? 9 m9d & body2 h5ce x 0 natural to conceive ( a pair ( div9e tw9s1 l ! ,dioscuri 9 ,greek my?ology4 ,&1 l ! ,dioscuri1 ! div9e ,hawaiian tw9s sometimes appe>$ toge!r to _! wor%ipp]s z help]s 9 "t ( ne$4 ,?us1 9 a season ( de>?1 :5 p 7 dy+ ( hung]1 a poor fi%] lad 9 ! isl& ( ,lanai set up a t9y hut on ! sea-%ore1 & !re day by day he (f]$ a little f ! scanty /ore ( fi% :i* 8 family _h caught2 & z he did s he pray$1 say+1 ,"h1 ,o god1 is fi% = !e4 ,"o day1 z he sat !re1 rack$ ) unsatisfi$ ye>n+ = ! div9e assi/ance1 two m5 came walk+ t way & re/$ at ! hut2 &1 tak+ !m to be we>y w&]]s1 ! fi%] lad will+ly gave !m :at little food he _h left ov]4 ,!y slept !re t night1 & next day1 :5 !y 7 dep>t+1 !y reveal$ !mselves to him z ! two gods ,kane & ,kanaloa1 & !y told him t 8 pray] _h be5 he>d1 & t salvation w\ld foll[4 ,sure en\gh1 pl5ty soon return$ to ! l&1 & on ! spot :]e ! little hut _h /ood1 a /one temple 0 built 9 /ately t]races4#dh ,aga91 we he> h[ :5 dr\ght _h la/$ long 9 ! isl& ( ,oahu1 & dea? />$ ! f>m]s 9 ! face = lack ( wat]1 ! gods ,kane & ,kanaloa appe>$ 9 ! lik5ess ( two "y m5 & %[$ !m a spr+1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds consecrat$ to ! div9e tw9s4#di ,once m1 x is said t1 :5 ! two deities 7 9 ,oahu1 x *anc$ t !y c\ld f9d no wat] ) :i* to moi/5 _! dry food4 ,!n at ,kane's direction ,kanaloa /ruck a /one ) 8 spe>1 & f ! /one !re sprang a f\nta91 :i* be>s ! "n ( ,kane to ?is day1 & /ill x rises & s9ks on ! day ( ! moon :i* is sacr$ to t div9ity4#ej #dh ,a4 ,ba/ian1 ,die heilige ,sage d] ,polynesi]1 pp4 #aca1 #acb4 #di ,a4 ,ba/ian1 op4 cit4 pp4 #acb sq4 #ej ,a4 ,ba/ian1 op4 cit4 p4 #acc4 ,z to ! div9e tw9s 9 ,hawaii1 see also id41 ,inselgrupp5 9 ,oceani51 p4 #bdc4 ,! god ,lono 01 z we h se51 no o!r ?an ! great ,polynesian deity ,rongo1 ! two names be+ ! same ^w 9 dialectically diff]5t =ms4 ,he 0 "o ( ! mo/ popul> gods ( ,hawaii2#ea ! seasons & o!r natural ph5om5a 7 associat$ ) him1 & pray]s = ra9 7 p>ticul>ly address$ to him4#eb ,accord+ to "o acc\nt1 he 0 an uncreat$1 self-exi/5t deity2#ec b accord+ to ano!r acc\nt he 0 an anci5t k+ ( ,hawaii1 :o ra%ly kill$ 8 wife on a suspicion ( infidelity1 & !n1 full ( remorse1 c>ri$ h] lifeless body to a temple & made a great wail ov] x4 ,!reaft] he travell$ ?r\gh ,hawaii 9 a /ate ( fr5zy1 box+ & wre/l+ ) e "o :om he met4 ,! p 9 a/oni%m5t said1 ,is ,lono entirely mad8 ,he repli$1 ,i am frantic ) my great love4 ,hav+ in/itut$ games to commemorate 8 wife's dea?1 he emb>k$ 9 a triangul> canoe = a =eign l&4 ,be=e he dep>t$1 he prophesi$1 say+1 ,i w return 9 aft] times1 on an isl& be>+ coco-nut trees1 sw9e1 & dogs4 ,aft] 8 dep>ture he 0 deifi$ by 8 c\ntrym51 & annual games ( box+ & wre/l+ 7 in/itut$ 9 8 hon\r4#ed ,:5 ,capta9 ,cook arriv$ 9 ,hawaii1 ! natives took him to be _! god ,lono return$ accord+ to 8 prophecy4 ,! prie/s ?rew a sacr$ r$ mantle on 8 %\ld]s & did him rev]5ce1 pro/rat+ !mselves be=e him2 !y pron\nc$ long disc\rses ) extreme volubility1 by way ( pray] & wor%ip4 ,!y (f]$ him pigs & food & clo!s1 & ev]y?+ t !y (f]$ to ! gods4 ,:5 he l&$1 mo/ ( ! inhabitants fl$ be=e him1 full ( fe>1 & ^? :o rema9$ pro/rat$ !mselves 9 adoration4 ,!y l$ him to a temple1 & !re !y wor%ipp$ him4 ,b aft]w>ds 9 a brawl1 :5 !y saw 8 blood fl[+ & he>d 8 groans1 !y said1 ,no1 ?is is n ,rono1 & "o ( !m /ruck him1 s t he di$4 ,b ev5 aft] 8 dea?1 "s ( !m /ill ?\ght t he 0 ,rono1 & t he w\ld come aga94 ,s !y look$ on "s ( 8 bones1 to wit 8 ribs & 8 brea/bone1 z sacr$2 !y put !m 9 a little basket cov]$ all ov] ) r$ fea!rs1 & !y deposit$ x 9 a temple d$icat$ to ,rono4 ,!re religi\s homage 0 paid to ! bones1 & !nce !y 7 c>ri$ e ye> 9 procession to sev]al o!r temples1 or borne by ! prie/s r\nd ! isl&1 to collect ! (f]+s ( ! fai?ful = ! support ( ! wor%ip ( ! god ,rono4#ee #ea ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 p4 #da4 #eb ,a4 ,m>cuse1 ,die ,hawaiis*5 ,inseln1 p4 #ih4 #ec ,e4 ,trege>1 op4 cit4 p4 #dbe1 s4v4 ,rongo4 #ed ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #ace2 ,o4 von ,kotzebue1 ,neue ,reise um die ,welt 7,weim>1 #ahcj71 ii4 #hh sq42 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 pp4 #da sq42 ,h4 ,b+ham1 ,resid5ce ( ,tw5ty-"o ,ye>s 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s 7,h>t=d1 #ahdi71 p4 #cb2 ,a4 ,ba/ian1 ,inselgrupp5 9 ,oceani51 p4 #bdf4 #ee ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #acd-acf2 ,ty]man & ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #cgf2 ,j4 ,remy1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bi-cg2 ,o4 von ,kotzebue1 ,neue ,reise um die ,welt1 ii4 #ih sq4 ,! great ,polynesian god or h]o ,maui 0 kn[n 9 ,hawaii1 :]e ! /ories told ( him resembl$ ^? curr5t 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,pacific4 ,he is said to h dragg$ up ! isl&s on 8 fi%+-hook f ! dep?s ( ! ocean1 & to h br\ght m5 _! fir/ fire4#ef ,"o day1 :5 8 wife 0 mak+ b>k-clo? & _h n "t to f9i% x be=e night1 ,maui laid 8 h& on ! sun & prev5t$ x f go+ d[n till ! "w 0 complet$4#eg #ef ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 p4 #bcf1 s4v4 ,maui2 ,a4 ,m>cuse1 ,die ,haiwaiis*5 ,inseln1 p4 #ih4 #eg ,ty]man & ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #dcc2 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 p4 #bf4 ,! national w>-god ( ,hawaii 0 nam$ ,tairi 7,kaili74 ,9 ! ev5+ he us$ to be se5 flitt+ ab\t ne> 8 temple 9 ! =m ( a sort ( lum9\s vap\r1 l a flame or ! tail ( a comet4 ,a simil> appe>ance is also occasionally se5 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 :]e ! t]rifi$ natives =m]ly id5tifi$ x ) _! god ,tane1 & suppos$ t ! meteor 0 ! deity fly+ f temple to temple or seek+ :om he might de/roy4#eh ,! image ( ! w>-god ,tairi us$ to be c>ri$ to battle by ! prie/1 :o held x al(t above ! ranks4 ,x 0 f\r or five feet high2 ! upp] "p 0 ( wick]-"w1 cov]$ ) r$ fea!rs2 ! face gr9n$ hide\sly2 ! m\? display$ triple r[s ( dog's or %>k's tee?2 ! eyes gleam$ ) "m ( pe>l2 & ! head 0 cr[n$ ) a helmet cre/$ ) long tresses ( human hair4 ,9 ! battle ! prie/ us$ to di/ort 8 face into a v>iety ( frightful grimaces & to utt] appall+ yells1 :i* 7 suppos$ to proce$ f ! god :om he bore or att5d$4 ,b ! national w>-god 0 n ! only deity ^: image 0 borne to battle4 ,o!r *iefs ( rank _h _! w>-gods c>ri$ ne> !m by _! prie/s2 & if ! k+ or *ief 0 kill$ or tak51 ! god himself 0 usually captur$ also4 ,! pres5ce ( _! deities inspir$ ! w>riors ) c\rage2 = !y imag9$ ! div9e influ5ce to be ess5tial to victory4#ei ,! div9]s 7 consult$ imm$iately be=e a battle4 ,!y slew ! victims1 & notic$ ! face ( ! heav5s1 ! passage ( cl\ds ov] ! sun1 & ! appe>ance ( a ra9b[4 ,if ! om5s 7 fav\rable1 ! image ( ! pr9cipal w>-god 0 br\ght out 9 front ( ! :ole army & plac$ ne> ! k+4 ,! prie/ !n pray$ to ! gods1 besee*+ !m to prove !mselves /rong] ?an ! gods ( ! enemy 9 ! ensu+ engagem5t1 & promis+ !m hecatombs ( victims 9 ! ev5t ( victory4 ,! bodies ( foes sla9 9 ! battle 7 dragg$ to ! k+ or prie/1 :o (f]$ !m z victims to 8 gods4#fj #eh ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #aai4 #ei ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #aeh sq4 #fj ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #aeg sq41 #aei4 ,! gods ( ,hawaii fell into two classes1 accord+ z !y 7 believ$ to h be5 primaeval deities born ( ,night 7,po71 or ! s\ls ( m5 :o _h be5 deifi$ aft] dea?4 ,= x 0 believ$ to be possible to deta9 ! s\l ( a belov$ or hon\r$ p]son at dea? by keep+ 8 clo!s or 8 bones2 & ! s\l c\ld !reaft] be invok$ & c\ld speak ?r\gh ! m\? ( ! p]son into :om x _h ent]$4 ,bo? classes ( deities1 ! primaeval & ! human1 7 cr$it$ ) ! p[] ( mak+ p ill4#fa ,"o way ( obta9+ a gu>dian deity = a family 0 to take ! body ( a /ill-born *ild & ?r[ x into ! sea or bury x 9 ! e>?2 9 ! =m] case ! embryo 0 suppos$ to turn into a %>k1 9 ! latt] case into a gras%opp]4 ,:5 x 0 deem$ necess>y to obta9 ! help ( a deity 7akua7 = a special purpose1 su* z success 9 fi%+ or 9 canoe-build+1 ! div9e _s c\ld be conjur$ into an image 7kii71 & c\ld !reaft] appe> 9 a dream to 8 wor%ipp] & reveal to him :at food he desir$ to h d$icat$ to him1 & :at accord+ly ! wor%ipp] mu/ ab/a9 f eat+4 ,(t5 ! god %[$ himself to ! dream] 9 ! %ape ( a /one or o!r object2 & on awak5+ ! man 0 b\nd to procure ! object1 :atev] x 01 & to hon\r x ) pray] & sacrifice1 9 ord] to ensure ! protection ( ! deity4 ,pray]s address$ to private gods 7 usually ! prop]ty ( ! own]1 :o 0 commonly also _! au?or2 :]eas pray]s address$ to a public god1 su* z ,kane1 _h to be le>n$ f a prie/ or o!r adept4#fb #fa ,a4 ,ba/ian1 ,inselgrupp5 9 ,oceani51 pp4 #bfi sq4 #fb ,a4 ,ba/ian1 ,inselgrupp5 9 ,oceani51 pp4 #bga sq4 ,among ! deities :o _h once be5 m5 w\ld seem to h be5 ! god ( m$ic9e1 ! ,hawaiian ,aesculapius4 ,x is said t _m g5]ations ago a c]ta9 man nam$ ,koreamoku receiv$ all m$ic9al h]bs f ! gods1 :o also taught him ! use ( !m4 ,aft] 8 dea? he 0 deifi$1 & a wood5 image ( him 0 plac$ 9 a l>ge temple at ,kairua1 to :i* (f]+s ( hogs1 fi%1 & coco-nuts 7 frequ5tly pres5t$4 ,oronopuha & ,makanuiairomo1 two fri5ds & disciples ( ,koreamoku1 cont9u$ to practise ! heal+ art aft] ! dea? ( _! ma/]1 & !y too 7 deifi$ aft] dea?1 p>ticul>ly because !y 7 (t5 successful 9 driv+ away ! evil spirits :i* afflict$ ! p & ?reat5$ !m ) dea?4 ,to ^! deifi$ m5 ! prie/s address$ _! pray]s :5 !y adm9i/]$ m$ic9e to ! sick4#fc #fc ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #cce sq42 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 p4 #ga4 ,( all ! deities ( ,hawaii ! mo/ dread$ 0 ,pele1 ! goddess ( ! volcanic fire1 ^: home 0 9 ! great & ev] active volcano ( ,kilauea4 ,!re %e dwelt ) ! o!r memb]s ( h] family1 bro!rs & si/]s4 ,!y 7 all said to h come to ,hawaii f a =eign c\ntry call$ ,tahiti aft] ! great deluge _h subsid$4 ,! cones :i* rise l isl&s f ! va/ sea ( boil+ lava1 vomit+ columns ( smoke or pyramids ( flame1 7 ! h\ses :]e ^! volcanic deities liv$ & amus$ !mselves by play+ at draughts3 ! crackl+ ( ! flames & ! ro>+ ( ! furnaces 7 ! music ( _! dance2 & ! r$ flam+ surge 0 ! surf :]e9 !y sport$1 swimm+ on ! roll+ fi]y waves4#fd ,! filam5ts ( volcanic glass1 ( a d>k olive col\r & z f9e z human hair1 "s /raight1 "s crimp$ or frizzl$1 :i* are to be se5 abundantly on ! sides ( ! crat]1 & on ! pla9 = miles r\nd1 are call$ by ! natives ,pele's hair2 9 "s places !y lie s ?ick z to resemble cobwebs cov]+ ! surface ( ! gr\nd4#fe ,ne> ! crat] gr[ bu%es be>+ clu/]s ( r$ & yell[ b]ries resembl+ l>ge currants2 ( ^! ! natives =m]ly w\ld nev] eat till !y _h ?r[n "s ( ! clu/]s into ! ?icke/ ( ! smoke & vap\r z an (f]+ to ! goddess ( ! volcano4#ff ,va/ numb]s ( hogs1 "s alive1 o!rs cook$1 us$ to be ca/ into ! crat]s :5 !y 7 9 action or :5 !y ?reat5$ an eruption2 & :5 !y boil$ ov]1 ! animals 7 flung into ! roll+ torr5t ( lava to appease ! gods & arre/ ! progress ( ! fi]y /ream4 ,= ! :ole isl& _h to pay tribute to ! gods ( ! volcano & to furni% provisions = ! support ( _! m9i/]s2 & :5ev] ! *iefs or p fail$ to s5d ! prop] (f]+s or incurr$ ! displeasure ( ! dreadful be+s by insult+ !m or _! m9i/]s1 or by break+ ! taboos :i* _h to be obs]v$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ! crat]s1 ! angry deities w\ld sp\t lava f ! m\nta9 or m>* by subt]ranean passages to ! abode ( ! culprits & ov]:elm !m "u a flood ( molt5 matt]4 ,& if ! fi%]m5 did n (f] !m en\gh fi%1 !y w\ld ru% d[n1 kill ! fi% ) fire1 &1 fill+ up ! %oals1 de/roy ! fi%+-gr\nds entirely4#fg ,p :o pass$ by ! volcano ( ,kilauea (t5 pres5t$ locks ( hair to ,pele by ?r[+ !m into ! crat] ) an appropriate address to ! deity4#fh ,on "o occasion1 :5 a riv] ( lava ?reat5$ de/ruction to ! p ( ! neighb\rhood1 & ! sacrifice ( _m hogs1 ca/ alive into ! /ream1 _h n avail$ to /ay its deva/at+ c\rse1 ,k+ ,kamehameha cut (f "s ( 8 own sacr$ locks & ?rew !m into ! torr5t1 ) ! result t 9 a day or two ! lava ceas$ to fl[4#fi ,9 ! pleasant & v]dant valley ( ,kaua !re us$ to be a temple ( ! goddess1 :]e ! inhabitants ( ,hamakua1 a di/rict ( ,hawaii1 =m]ly celebrat$ an annual fe/ival design$ to propitiate ! dread div9ity & to secure _! c\ntry f e>?quakes & floods ( lava4 ,on su* occasions l>ge (f]+s ( hogs1 dogs1 & fruit 7 made1 & ! prie/s p]=m$ c]ta9 rites4#gj ,wor%ipp]s ( ,pele also ?rew "s ( ! bones ( _! dead into ! volcano1 9 ! belief t ! spirits ( ! deceas$ w\ld !n be admitt$ to ! society ( ! volcanic deities1 & t _! influ5ce w\ld pres]ve ! survivors f ! ravages ( volcanic fire4#ga ,nev]!less ! appreh5sions uni=mly ent]ta9$ by ! natives ( ! fe>ful consequ5ces ( ,pele's ang] prev5t$ !m f pay+ v frequ5t visits to ! vic9ity ( ! volcano2 & :5 on _! inl& j\rneys !y _h occasion to approa* ! m\nta91 !y 7 scrupul\sly att5tive to e injunction ( h] prie/s1 & reg>d$ ) a degree ( sup]/iti\s v5]ation & awe ! appall+ spectacle :i* ! crat]1 ) its sea ( molt5 & flam+ lava1 pres5t$ to _! eyes4#gb ,!y ev5 reque/$ /rang]s n to dig or scrat* ! s& 9 its neighb\rhood = fe> ( displeas+ ! goddess & provok+ h] to manife/ h] displeasure by an eruption4#gc #fd ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #bcg1 #bdf-bdi2 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 pp4 #db sq4 #fe ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #cfc sq42 ,*4 ,wilkes1 op4 cit4 iv4 #abi4 #ff ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #bcd-bcf4 #fg ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #bej4 #fh ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #cej4 #fi ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #ei4 sq4 #gj ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #cej4 #ga ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #cfa4 #gb ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #bge4 #gc ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #bci4 ,! s]vice ( ,pele 0 regul>ly c>$ = by an h]$it>y /ew>d 7kahu7 & an h]$it>y prie/ess4 ,! duty ( ! /ew>d 0 to provide ! mat]ials = ! public sacrifices1 includ+ ! food & raim5t = ! goddess2 x 0 = him to furni% ! hogs & f[ls1 to cultivate ! t>o1 sweet potatoes1 & sug>-cane :i* 7 to s]ve h] = n\ri%m5t1 to t5d ! plants f :i* h] g>m5ts 7 to be made1 & to h all ?+s 9 read9ess = ! (f]+s at ! appo9t$ seasons4 ,( ! plantations sacr$ to ?is use1 "o 0 on ! sea-%ore1 & ano!r 9 ! brok5 gr\nd )9 ! prec9cts ( ! crat]2 & ! /ew>d ) 8 family resid$ sometimes 9 ! "o place & sometimes 9 ! o!r4 ,:5 ! "t came = (f]+ ! sacrifice1 ! prie/ess desc5d$ into ! dep?s ( ! volcano1 & !re approa*+ z ne> z possible to ! spot :]e ! fire burn$ mo/ furi\sly1 %e ca/ into x h] gifts1 say+1 ,"h1 ,pele1 is food = y1 & "h is clo?1 :]eby %e m5tion$ ea* article z %e flung x into ! flames4#gd ,sometimes ! prie/ess claim$ to be inspir$ by ,pele & ev5 to be ! goddess 9 p]son4 ,"o ( ! prie/esses1 9 an int]view ) ! mission>y ,william ,ellis1 assum$ a haughty air & decl>$1 ,i am ,pele2 ,i %all nev] die2 & ^? :o foll[ me1 :5 !y die1 if "p ( _! bones be tak5 to ,kilauea1 w live ) me 9 ! bright fires !re4 ,9 a song %e gave a long acc\nt ( ! de$s & hon\rs ( ! goddess1 :o1 %e said1 dwelt 9 ! volcano & _h come 9 =m] times f ! l& beyond ! sky4 ,?is song %e *ant$ or recit$ 9 a rapid & vocif]\s mann]1 accompani$ by extravagant ge/ures1 work+ h]self up to a /ate ( excitem5t 9 :i* %e appe>$ to lose all self-comm&4 ,%e also claim$ to be able to heal ! sick ?r\gh ! indwell+ _s ( ! goddess4#ge ,b ! goddess 0 s]v$ also by prie/s4 ,we read ( "o su* :o (f]$ pray]s to h] & assur$ ! p t !reaft] %e w\ld d !m no h>m4#gf #gd ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 ,a ,visit to ! ,s\? ,seas 7,london1 #ahcb71 ii4 #ajd4 #ge ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #cji-caa4 ,= o!r int]views ) prie/esses ( ! goddess see id41 iv4 #bge sq42 ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 ,visit to ! ,s\? ,seas1 ii4 #ajj-ajc4 #gf ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #cgh4 ,! ,hawaiians also paid religi\s rev]5ce to c]ta9 birds1 fi%1 & animals4 ,9 a village ,capta9 ,k+ saw two tame rav5s :i* ! p told him 7 eatooas 7atuas1 akuas71 t is1 gods or spirits1 caution+ him at ! same "t n to hurt or (f5d !m4#gg ,! native au?ors ( a "w on ! hi/ory ( ,hawaii1 speak+ ( ! anci5t religion ( _! p1 tell u t birds s]v$ "s z idols2 if x 0 a f[l1 ! f[l 0 taboo = ! wor%ipp]s1 & ! same = all ! birds :i* 7 deifi$4 ,! idol ( ano!r 0 a f\r-foot$ animal1 & if x 0 a pig1 ! pig 0 taboo = him4 ,s ) all ! animals :o became gods4 ,ano!r _h a /one = 8 idol2 x became taboo1 & he c\ld n sit ^u ! /one4 ,! idol ( ano!r 0 a fi%1 & if x 0 a %>k1 ! %>k 0 taboo = him4 ,s ) all ! fi%1 & s !y deifi$ all ?+s 9 e>? & heav51 & all ! bones ( m54#gh ,fur!r1 ! same writ]s obs]ve t ! trees 7 idols = ! p & = ! *iefs4 ,if a man _h = 8 idol ! ohia tree1 ! ohia 0 taboo = him2 if ! bread-fruit tree 0 ! idol ( ano!r1 ! bread-fruit tree 0 taboo = him4 ,! taboo exi/$ likewise = all ! trees out ( :i* m5 _h made div9e images1 & x 0 ! same also = food4 ,if t>o 0 a p]son's idol1 t>o 0 taboo = him4 ,x 0 ! same = all ! eatables ( :i* !y _h made gods4#gi ,?is deification ( birds1 fi%1 animals1 plants1 & inanimate objects resembles ! ,samoan sy/em & may1 l x1 be a relic ( totemism4#hj ,among ! liv+ creatures to :i* !y ?us accord$ div9e hon\rs 7 liz>ds1 rats1 & owls4#ha #gg ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vii4 #add4 #gh ,j4 ,remy1 op4 cit4 p4 #afe4 #gi ,j4 ,remy1 op4 cit4 pp4 #afc1 #afe4 #hj ,see above1 pp4 #ahb sqq41 #bjj sqq4 #ha ,l4 de ,freyc9et1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde1 ,hi/orique1 ii4 #eid4 ,among ! deifi$ fi%es x w\ld seem t ! %>k held a =emo/ place4 ,on almo/ e cape jutt+ out into ! sea1 a temple us$ to be built = ! wor%ip ( ! %>k4 ,! fir/ fi% ( ea* k9d1 tak5 by ! fi%]m51 7 always c>ri$ to ! temple & (f]$ to ! god1 :o 0 suppos$ to h driv5 !m t[>ds ! %ore4#hb ,:5 ! k+ or ! prie/s imag9$ t ! %>k want$ food1 !y salli$ =? ) _! att5dants1 "o ( :om c>ri$ a rope ) a runn+ noose4 ,on com+ to a gr\p or cr[d ( p1 !y ?rew ! rope among !m1 & :oev] happ5$ to be tak5 9 ! sn>e1 :e!r man1 woman1 or *ild1 0 /rangl$ on ! spot1 ! body cut 9 pieces1 & flung into ! sea1 to be bolt$ by ! rav5\s mon/]s4#hc ,fi%]m5 sometimes wrapp$ _! dead 9 r$ native clo?1 & ?rew !m into ! sea to be dev\r$ by ! %>ks4 ,!y ?\ght t ! s\l ( ! deceas$ w\ld animate ! %>k :i* _h eat5 8 body1 & t ! %>ks w\ld !re=e sp>e ! survivors 9 ! ev5t ( a mi%ap at sea4#hd ,x 0 especially /illborn *ildr5 t 7 ?us dispos$ (4 ,! wor%ipp] ( ! %>k w\ld lay ! body ( ! infant on a mat1 & hav+ plac$ beside x two roots ( t>o1 "o ( kava1 & a piece ( sug>-cane1 he w\ld recite "s pray]s1 & !n ?r[ ! :ole bundle into ! sea1 fully p]suad$ t by means ( ?is (f]+ ! transmigration ( ! s\l ( ! *ild into ! body ( a %>k w\ld be effect$1 & t !nce=? ! =midable mon/] w\ld be ready to sp>e su* memb]s ( ! family z might aft]w>ds be expos$ to 8 attack4 ,9 ! temples d$icat$ to %>ks !re 7 prie/s :o1 at sunrise & sunset1 address$ _! pray]s to ! image :i* repres5t$ ! %>k2 & !y rubb$ !mselves con/antly ) wat] & salt1 :i*1 dry+ on _! sk91 made x appe> cov]$ ) scales4 ,!y also dress$ 9 r$ clo?1 utt]$ pi]c+ yells1 & leap$ ov] ! wall ( ! sacr$ enclosure2 moreov] !y p]suad$ ! isl&]s t !y knew ! exact mom5t :5 ! *ildr5 t _h be5 ?r[n into ! sea 7 trans=m$ into %>ks1 & = ?is discov]y !y 7 rew>d$ by ! happy p>5ts ) lib]al pres5ts ( little pigs1 roots ( kava1 coco-nuts1 & s =?4#he ,! prie/s also pr(ess$ to be inspir$ by %>ks & 9 t condition to =etell future ev5ts4 ,_m p accept$ ^! pr(essions 9 good fai? & contribut$ to support ! pr(essors by _! (f]+s4#hf #hb ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #ij2 comp>e id41 pp4 #abi sq4 #hc ,ty]man & ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #dbb sq42 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 p4 #de4 #hd ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #cfa4 #he ,l4 de ,freyc9et1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde1 ,hi/orique1 ii4 #eie sq4 #hf ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 ii4 #fe4 ,f ! =ego+ acc\nt x appe>s t "s at lea/ ( ! wor%ipful %>ks 7 suppos$ to be animat$ by ! s\ls ( ! dead4 ,:e!r ! wor%ip ( o!r sacr$ animals 9 ,hawaii 0 9 l mann] comb9$ ) a !ory ( transmigration1 !re seems to be no evid5ce to decide4 ,we h se5 t a simil> d\bt re/s on ! wor%ip ( animals 9 ,tonga4#hg #hg ,see above1 pp4 #ib sqq4 ,sec4 #f4 ,prie/s1 ,sorc]]s1 ,div9]s ,! prie/hood =m$ a num]\s & p[]ful body4 ,_! (fice 0 h]$it>y4 ,!y own$ mu* prop]ty 9 p & l&s1 :i* 7 heavily tax$ = _! support4 ,ea* *ief _h 8 family prie/1 :o foll[$ him to battle1 c>ri$ 8 w>-god1 & sup]9t5d$ all ! sacr$ rites ( 8 h\sehold4 ,! prie/s took rank f _! gods & *iefs4 ,! keep] ( ! national w>-god1 :o 0 imm$iately atta*$ to ! p]son ( ! k+1 0 ! high prie/4#hh ,9 ! inn] c\rt ( ! great temple d$icat$ to ,tairi1 ! w>-god1 /ood a l(ty frame ( wick]-"w1 9 %ape some?+ l an obelisk1 holl[ )9 & measur+ f\r or five feet squ>e at ! base4 ,)9 ?is framework ! prie/ /ood & gave oracles 9 ! "n ( ! god1 :5ev] ! k+ came to consult ! deity on any matt] ( importance1 su* z a decl>ation ( w> or ! conclusion ( peace2 = ! w>-god 0 also ! k+'s oracle4 ,! oracul> answ]1 giv5 by ! prie/ 9 a di/9ct & audible voice1 0 aft]w>ds report$ by ! k+1 publicly proclaim$1 & g5]ally act$ ^u4#hi ,:5 ! villages fail$ to pay _! tribute punctually to ! k+1 he us$ to s5d =? a prie/ be>+ ! image ( ! great god ,rono1 :o sc\r$ ! c\ntry ( ! default]s = tw5ty-?ree days & oblig$ !m to pay d\ble tribute4 ,! prie/ :o bore ! image 0 /rictly taboo$2 dur+ 8 p]egr9ation he might n t\* any?+ ) 8 h&s2 8 food _h to be put into 8 m\? ei!r by ! *iefs ( ! villages :]e he halt$ or by ! k+ himself1 :o accompani$ him4#ij #hh ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 p4 #dh4 #hi ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #ig4 #ij ,l4 de ,freyc9et1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde1 ,hi/orique1 ii4 #eif4 ,di/9ct f ! regul> prie/s 7 ! div9]s or sorc]]s :o =m$ a sort ( l[] prie/hood or cl]gy4 ,_! s]vices 7 employ$ = v>i\s purposes1 su* z to discov] ! cause ( illness or to detect a ?ief4 ,! p g5]ally believ$ t all dea?s1 :i* 7 n due to acts ( viol5ce1 7 wr\ght ei!r by ! action ( a deity or by ! incantations ( a sorc]]4 ,h5ce 9 cases ( protract$ illness ! aid ( "o ( ^! inf]ior cl]gy 0 almo/ inv>iably s\ght by all :o c\ld procure a dog & a f[l = ! necess>y sacrifice to ! god1 & a piece or two ( clo? z a fee = ! prie/4 ,b ! (f]+s to ! god & ! fees to ! prie/ naturally v>i$ ) ! rank or weal? ( ! suff]]4 ,aft] sacrific+ ! victims ! prie/ lay d[n to sleep1 & if 8 pray]s 7 answ]$1 he 0 usually able to in=m ! invalid ( ! cause ( 8 illness1 :i* _h be5 reveal$ to him 9 a dream4 ,b ! same m51 :o c\ld ?us heal ! sick by asc]ta9+ & remov+ ! cause ( sickness1 7 suppos$ to possess ! p[] ( pray+ or en*ant+ p to dea? by ! recitation ( spells or incantations4 ,! pray]s or incantations :i* !y employ$ = ^! b5efic5t or malefic5t purposes v>i$ ) ! individual3 e practition] _h 8 own =mulas1 ! k ( :i* he c>efully conf9$ to 8 own family2 & he :o 0 ?\ght to h mo/ influ5ce ) 8 god 0 mo/ frequ5tly employ$ by ! p & d]iv$ ! greate/ emolum5ts f 8 pr(ession4#ia ,( ?is class ( m5 ! mo/ dread$ 7 ^? :o invok$ ! god ,uli z _! patron deity4 ,_! special bus9ess 0 to kill p by _! spells1 :i* !y recit$ secretly1 & = ! mo/ "p by night2 b to r5d] ^! effectual x 0 necess>y = !m to obta9 "s ( ! p]sonal refuse ( _! victim1 su* z 8 spittle1 ! p>+s ( 8 nails1 or ! clipp+s ( 8 hair1 :i* !y buri$ or burn$ ) ! appropriate incantations4#ib ,h5ce ! k+ ( ,hawaii 0 con/antly att5d$ by a s]vant c>ry+ a spittoon 9 :i* he collect$ ! royal saliva to prev5t x f be+ us$ by ! k+'s enemies = 8 injury or de/ruction4#ic ,ord9>y *iefs seem to h adopt$ ! same precaution2 a confid5tial s]vant deposit$ _! spittle c>efully 9 a portable spittoon & buri$ x e morn+4#id #ia ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #bic-bie4 ,comp>e ,u4 ,lisiansky1 op4 cit4 pp4 #abj sq42 ,a4 ,campbell1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 pp4 #aga sqq42 ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 ,resid5ce 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 pp4 #bjb sq42 ,ty]man & ,b5nett1 op4 cit4 i4 #dad2 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 pp4 #cf sq41 #ga sq42 ,a4 ,m>cuse1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ajc-aje4 #ib ,a4 ,m>cuse1 op4 cit4 p4 #ajd4 #ic ,o4 von ,kotzebue1 ,voyage ( ,discov]y into ! ,s\? ,sea & ,be]+'s ,/raits 7,london1 #ahba71 i4 #cac4 #id ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 i4 #cfe4 ,a =m ( div9ation or magic 0 employ$ to detect a ?ief4 ,! p]son :o _h suff]$ ! loss us$ to apply to a prie/1 to :om he pres5t$ a pig & told 8 /ory4 ,!reupon ! prie/ k9dl$ a fire by rubb+ two pieces ( wood toge!r1 & hav+ tak5 ?ree nuts he broke ! %ells & ?rew "o ( ! k]nels into ! fire1 say+1 ,kill or %oot ! fell[4 ,if ! ?ief did n appe> be=e ! nut 0 consum$ 9 ! flames1 ! prie/ repeat$ ! c]emony ) ! o!r two nuts4 ,su* 0 ! fe> inspir$ by ?is rite t ! culprit seldom fail$ to come =w>d & ackn[l$ge 8 guilt4 ,b if he p]si/$ 9 conceal+ 8 crime1 ! k+ w\ld cause proclamation to be made ?r\gh\t ! isl& t s-&-s _h be5 robb$1 & t ! robb] or robb]s _h be5 pray$ to dea?4 ,s firm 0 ! belief ( ! p 9 ! p[] ( ^! pray]s1 t ! crim9al1 on he>+ ! proclamation1 w\ld p9e away1 refuse food1 & fall a victim to 8 own cr$ulity4#ie #ie ,a4 ,campbell1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 pp4 #aga-agc4 ,sec4 #g4 ,temples1 ,images1 ,human ,sacrifices ,( ! ,hawaiian temples1 z !y exi/$ be=e ! abolition ( ! native religion1 we seem to possess no good & cle> description4 ,:5 ,capta9 ,cook fir/ visit$ ,hawaii & 0 sail+ along ! coa/1 he notic$ f ! %ip at e village "o or m elevat$ :ite objects1 l pyramids or r obelisks2 "o ( !m he judg$ to be fifty feet high4 ,on l&+ to exam9e x1 he c\ld n rea* x on acc\nt ( an int]v5+ pool ( wat]4 ,h[ev]1 he visit$ ano!r /ructure ( ! same sort 9 a m accessible situation1 & f\nd t x /ood 9 :at he calls a bury+-gr\nd or morai closely resembl+ ^? :i* he _h se5 9 o!r ,polynesian isl&s & especially 9 ,tahiti4 ,?is p>ticul> morai 0 an oblong space1 ( consid]able ext5t1 surr\nd$ by a wall ( /one1 ab\t f\r feet high4 ,! area enclos$ 0 loosely pav$ ) small] /ones2 & at "o end ( x /ood ! pyramid or obelisk1 measur+ ab\t f\r feet squ>e at ! base & ab\t tw5ty feet high4 ,! f\r sides 7 compos$1 n ( /ones1 b ( small poles int]wov5 ) twigs & bran*es1 ?us =m+ an indiff]5t wick]-"w1 holl[ or op5 )9 f bottom to top4 ,x seem$ to be 9 a r ru9\s /ate1 b en\gh rema9$ to %[ t x _h be5 orig9ally cov]$ ) ! light grey clo? to :i* ! natives atta*$ a religi\s significance4 ,x 0 no d\bt ) simil> clo? t ! :ite pyramids or obelisks 7 cov]$ :i* ,capta9 ,cook beheld 9 ! di/ance f ! deck ( 8 %ip4 ,beside ! p>ticul> pyramid :i* he exam9$ ,capta9 ,cook f\nd a sacrificial /age or alt> ) planta9s laid ^u x4 ,! pyramids or obelisks :i* he ?us saw & describ$ 7 presumably ! /ructures 9 :i* ! prie/s conceal$ !mselves :5 !y gave oracles 9 ! "n ( ! god4 ,on ! f>!r side ( ! area ( ! morai ( :i* ,capta9 ,cook has giv5 u a description /ood a h\se or %$ ab\t t5 feet high1 =ty feet long1 & t5 broad 9 ! middle1 b tap]+ some:at t[>ds ! ends4 ,! entrance into x 0 at ! middle ( ! side1 :i* 0 9 ! morai4 ,on ! f>!r side ( ! h\se1 opposite ! entrance1 /ood two wood5 images1 ea* cut out ( a s+le piece1 ) p$e/als1 9 all ab\t ?ree feet high1 n badly design$ nor execut$4 ,!y 7 said to repres5t goddesses 7eatooa no vehe9a74 ,on ! head ( "o ( !m 0 a c>v$ helmet1 & on ! o!r a cyl9drical cap l ! head-dress worn at ,tahiti4 ,9 ! middle ( ! h\se1 & be=e ! two images1 0 an oblong space1 enclos$ by a l[ edg+ ( /one & cov]$ ) %r$s ( ! same grey clo? :i* drap$ ! pyramid or obelisk4 ,)9 ?is enclosure sev5 *iefs lay buri$2 & outside ! h\se1 j on "o side ( ! entrance1 7 two small squ>e spaces 9 :i* a man & a hog 7 buri$ respectively1 aft] be+ kill$ & sacrific$ to ! div9ity4 ,at a little di/ance f ^!1 & ne> ! middle ( ! morai1 7 ?ree m ( ^! squ>e enclos$ places1 9 :i* ?ree *iefs _h be5 int]r$4 ,9 front ( _! graves 0 an oblong enclos$ space 9 :i*1 z ,capta9 ,cook 0 told1 ?ree human victims 7 buri$1 ea* ( !m hav+ be5 sacrific$ at ! fun]al ( "o ( ! ?ree *iefs4 ,)9 ! area ( ! morai or bury+-gr\nd1 z ,capta9 ,cook calls x1 7 plant$ trees ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,simil> sanctu>ies appe>$ to ,capta9 ,cook to ab\nd 9 ! isl&2 ! p>ticul> "o describ$ by him he believ$ to be among ! lea/ consid]able1 be+ f> less conspicu\s ?an sev]al o!rs :i* he _h se5 9 sail+ along ! coa/4#if #if ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vi4 #ahc-ahg4 ,! clo?-cov]$ pyramid or obelisk 0 call$ a h5ananoo 7ib4 p4 #ahg74 ,f 8 description we may inf] t ! temples 7morais7 obs]v$ by him did n conta9 /one pyramids l ^? :i* =m$ su* prom95t features 9 ! ,tahitian sanctu>ies & 9 ! burial gr\nds ( ! ,tooitongas 9 ,tongataboo2 = ! pyramids1 or r obelisks1 ( wick]-"w se5 by ,capta9 ,cook 9 ! ,hawaiian sanctu>ies 7 obvi\sly /ructures ( a :olly diff]5t k9d4 ,b !re seem to be "s gr\nds = ?9k+ t /one pyramids1 built 9 /eps or t]races1 did occur 9 "s ( ! ,hawaiian temples4 ,?us ,capta9 ,k+ saw a morai1 z he calls x1 :i* consi/$ ( a squ>e solid pile ( /ones ab\t =ty y>ds long1 tw5ty broad1 & f\rte5 feet8 9 height4 ,! top 0 flat & well pav$1 & surr\nd$ by a wood5 rail1 on :i* 7 fix$ ! skulls ( captives :o _h be5 sacrific$ on ! dea? ( *iefs4 ,! asc5t to ! top ( ! pile 0 easy1 b :e!r x 0 a /aircase or an incl9$ plane is n m5tion$ by ,capta9 ,k+4 ,at "o end ( ! temple or sacr$ enclosure 0 an irregul> k9d ( scaffold support$ on poles m ?an tw5ty feet high1 at ! foot ( :i* 7 twelve images rang$ 9 a semicircle ) a sacrificial table or alt> 9 front ( !m4 ,on ! scaffold ,capta9 ,cook 0 made to /&1 & !re1 swa!d 9 r$ clo?1 he receiv$ ! adoration ( ! natives1 :o (f]$ him a hog & *ant$ a long litany 9 8 hon\r4#ig #ig ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vii4 #e-g4 ,:5 ,kamehameha 0 busy conqu]+ ! ar*ipelago 9 ! la/ ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 he built a great temple 7heiau7 = 8 w>-god ,tairi 9 ! isl& ( ,hawaii4 ,"s ?irty ye>s lat] ! ru9$ temple 0 visit$ & describ$ by ! mission>y ,william ,ellis4 ,he says3 ,its %ape is an irregul> p>allelogram1 #bbd feet long1 & #ajj wide4 ,! walls1 ?\gh built ( loose /ones1 7 solid & compact4 ,at bo? ends1 & on ! side next ! m\nta9s1 !y 7 tw5ty feet high1 twelve feet ?ick at ! bottom1 b n>r[$ 9 gradually t[>ds ! top1 :]e a c\rse ( smoo? /ones1 six feet wide1 =m$ a pleasant walk4 ,! walls next ! sea 7 n m ?an sev5 or eight feet high1 & 7 proportionally wide4 ,! entrance to ! temple is by a n>r[ passage betwe5 two high walls4444 ,! upp] t]race )9 ! area 0 spaci\s1 & mu* bett] f9i%$ ?an ! l[] ones4 ,x 0 pav$ ) flat smoo? /ones1 br\ght f a di/ance4 ,at ! s\? end 0 a k9d ( inn] c\rt1 :i* might be call$ ! sanctum sanctorum ( ! temple1 :]e ! pr9cipal idol us$ to /&1 surr\nd$ by a numb] ( images ( inf]ior deities4444 ,on ! outside1 ne> ! entrance to ! inn] c\rt1 0 ! place ( ! r]e 7alt>7 on :i* human & o!r sacrifices 7 (f]$4 ,! rema9s ( "o ( ! pill>s t support$ x 7 po9t$ out by ! natives1 & ! pavem5t ar\nd 0 /rew$ ) bones ( m5 & animals1 ! m\ld]+ rema9s ( ^? num]\s (f]+s once pres5t$ !re4 ,ab\t ! c5tre ( ! t]race 0 ! spot :]e ! k+'s sacr$ h\se /ood1 9 :i* he resid$ dur+ ! season ( /rict tabu1 & at ! nor? end1 ! place occupi$ by ! h\ses ( prie/s1 :o1 ) ! exception ( ! k+1 7 ! only p]sons p]mitt$ to dwell )9 ! sacr$ enclosures4 ,holes 7 se5 on ! walls1 all ar\nd ?is1 z well z ! l[] t]races1 :]e wood5 idols ( v>i$ size & %ape =m]ly /ood1 ca/+ _! hide\s />e 9 e direction4#ih #ih ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #if-ih4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 pp4 #de sq4 ,f ?is some:at indi/9ct description we ga!r t ! temple 0 a l>ge oblong area enclos$ by high /one walls & op5 to ! sky1 & t at "s place )9 ! enclosure !re rose a /ructure 9 a s]ies ( t]races1 ( :i* ! upp]mo/ 0 pav$ ) flat /ones & support$ ! k+'s h\se1 :ile ! h\ses ( ! prie/s /ood 9 ano!r "p ( ! sacr$ enclosure4 ,if ?is int]pretation is correct1 we may inf] t ! temple resembl$ a ,tahitian morai1 :i* 0 a wall$ enclosure enclos+ a sort ( /epp$ & truncat$ pyramid built ( /one4#ii ,! inf]5ce is confirm$ by ! language us$ by ,capta9 ,k+ 9 speak+ ( ! temple :i* he describes1 = he calls x a morai1#ajj & ! same t]m is appli$ to ! sacr$ edifices 9 ,hawaii by o!r voyag]s4#aja #ii ,see above1 pp4 #bgh sqq4 #ajj ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vii4 #e4 #aja ,o4 von ,kotzebue1 ,neue ,reise um die ,welt1 ii4 #hi sq42 ,a4 ,campbell1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 p4 #age4 ,ano!r ru9$ temple 7heiau7 se5 by ,ellis 9 ,hawaii1 is describ$ by him z built ( imm5se blocks ( lava1 & measur+ a hundr$ & fifty feet long by sev5ty feet wide4 ,at ! nor? end 0 a small] enclosure1 sixty feet long & t5 wide1 p>tition$ (f by a high wall1 ) b "o n>r[ entrance4 ,! places :]e ! idols =m]ly /ood 7 app>5t1 ?\gh ! idols _h be5 remov$4 ,! spot :]e ! alt> _h be5 erect$ c\ld be di/9ctly trac$2 x 0 a m\nd ( e>?1 pav$ ) smoo? /ones1 & surr\nd$ by a firm curb ( lava4 ,! adjac5t gr\nd 0 /rewn ) bones ( ! anci5t (f]+s4#ajb ,ano!r temple 7heiau71 9 good pres]vation1 visit$ by ,ellis1 measur$ no less ?an two hundr$ & sev5ty feet 9 "o direction by two hundr$ & t5 9 ano!r4 ,! walls 7 ?ick & solid2 on ! top ( !m ! /ones 7 pil$ 9 a s]ies ( small spires4 ,! temple 0 said to h be5 built by a que5 ( ,hawaii ab\t elev5 g5]ations back4#ajc ,once m 9 "o ( ! puhonuas or cities ( refuge1 :i* 9 ,hawaii af=d$ an inviolable sanctu>y to fugitives1 ,ellis saw ano!r temple 7heiau71 :i* he describes z a compact pile ( /ones1 laid up 9 a solid mass1 #abf feet by #fe1 & t5 feet high4 ,_m fragm5ts ( rock1 or pieces ( lava1 ( two or m tons ea*1 7 se5 9 sev]al p>ts ( ! wall1 rais$ at lea/ six feet f ! gr\nd4 ,ellis 0 told t ! city ( refuge1 ( :i* ?is temple =m$ "p1 _h be5 built = ,keave1 :o reign$ 9 ,hawaii ab\t two hundr$ & fifty ye>s be=e ! "t :5 ! mission>y 0 writ+4#ajd ,f 8 descriptions we may inf] t "s at lea/ ( ! ,hawaiian temples des]v$ to rank among megali?ic /ructures1 & t ! natives _h def9ite traditions ( ! k+s or que5s by :om ! temples _h be5 built4 #ajb ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #aaf4 #ajc ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #aag sq4 #ajd ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #afi4 ,9 ! isl& ( ,oahu a temple 7heiau7 visit$ by ! mission>y ,/ew>t 0 =ty y>ds long by tw5ty y>ds broad4 ,! walls1 ( d>k /one1 7 p]fectly regul> & well built1 ab\t six feet high1 ?ree feet wide at ! level ( ! gr\nd1 & two feet wide at ! top4 ,x 0 enclos$ only on ?ree sides1 ! oblong area =m$ by ! walls be+ op5 on ! we/2 f t side !re 0 a desc5t by ?ree regul> t]races or v broad /eps4#aje ,?is brief acc\nt confirms ! inf]5ce :i* ,i h drawn f ! m detail$ description ( ,ellis1 z to ! t]rac$ /ructure ( "s ,hawaiian temples4 #aje ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 ,resid5ce 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 pp4 #bbf sq4 ,9 ! m\nta9s ( ,hawaii1 at a height ( ab\t five ?\s& feet above ! sea1 ,commodore ,wilkes saw ! ru9s ( an anci5t temple ( ! god ,kaili 7,tairi71 r\nd ab\t :i* /ood eight small pyramids built ( compact blocks ( lava laid )\t cem5t4 ,^! pyramids 7 said to h be5 erect$ at ! comm& ( ,umi1 an anci5t k+1 to commemorate 8 conque/s4 ,!y seem to h measur$ ea* "s t5 or twelve feet squ>e4 ,! temple :i* !y surr\nd$ 0 ab\t n9ety-two feet long by sev5ty-two feet wide2 ! out] walls 7 ab\t sev5 feet high & z _m ?ick4 ,int]nally ! edifice 0 divid$ by p>tition walls ?ree feet high4 ,! build+ 0 said to h be5 =m]ly cov]$ ) idols1 ( :i* no traces rema9$ at ! "t ( ,wilkes's visit4#ajf #ajf ,*4 ,wilkes1 op4 cit4 iv4 #ii sq41 ) ! plate4 ,(t51 app>5tly1 a ,hawaiian temple consi/$ ( little m ?an a wall$ or palisad$ enclosure conta9+ a numb] ( rudely c>v$ images & a place ( sacrifice 9 ! =m ( a plat=m rais$ on poles4 ,su* a temple is describ$ by ! ,russian navigator ,lisiansky4 ,! images 9 x 7 gr\p$ & arrang$ s z to =m a sort ( semicircle4 ,! *ief prie/ ( ! temple in=m$ ! ,russians t ! fifte5 /atues wrapp$ 9 clo? repres5t$ ! gods ( w>2 ! two to ! "r ( ! place ( sacrifice1 ! gods ( spr+2 ^? on ! opposite side1 ! gu>dians ( autumn2 & t ! alt> 0 d$icat$ to ! god ( joy1 be=e :i* ! isl&]s dance & s+ on fe/ivals appo9t$ by _! religion4 ,) reg>d to ! temples 9 g5]al1 ,lisiansky obs]ves t !y 7 by no means calculat$ to excite 9 ! m9d ( a /rang] religi\s v5]ation4 ,!y are suff]$ to rema9 9 s neglect$ & fil?y a condition1 t1 7 x n = ! /atues1 !y might be tak5 r = hog-/ies ?an places ( wor%ip4#ajg #ajg ,u4 ,lisiansky1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aje-ajg4 ,he says 7p4 #ajf7 t ! temple 0 call$ by ! natives ,heavoo1 n ,morai1 z "s navigators h said4 ,! ^w ,heavoo is probably id5tical ) ! ^w heiau1 :i* o!r writ]s give z ! ,hawaiian "n = a temple4 ,z to ! =m ( ! temples see also ,a4 ,campbell1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 pp4 #age sq43 ,_! ,morais1 or places ( wor%ip1 consi/ ( "o l>ge h\se or temple1 ) "s small] ones r\nd x1 9 :i* are ! images ( _! inf]ior gods4 ,! taboo$ or consecrat$ prec9cts are m>k$ out by f\r squ>e po/s1 :i* /& ?irty or =ty y>ds f ! build+4 ,9 ! inside ( ! pr9cipal h\se !re is a scre5 or curta9 ( :ite clo?1 hung across "o end )9 :i* ! image ( ,etooah atua1 akua is plac$4 ,remy 7op4 cit4 p4 xl7 describes ! ,hawaiian temples z simple enclosures ( /ones1 ro(less1 :]e ! religi\s c]emonies 7 p]=m$4 ,! images ( ! gods 7 usually c>v$ ( wood4 ,:5 a new idol 0 to be made1 a royal & prie/ly procession w5t =?1 ) great c]emony1 to ! de/9$ tree1 :]e ! k+ himself1 ) a /one axe1 /ruck ! fir/ bl[ at ! root4 ,aft] ! tree 0 fell$1 a man or a hog 0 kill$ & buri$ on ! spot :]e x _h gr[n4#ajh ,sometimes1 app>5tly1 ! direction to c>ve an idol out ( a p>ticul> tree 0 giv5 by a god 9 a dream4 ,!re is a tradition t once :5 ! woodm5 7 fell+ su* a tree ) _! /one axes1 ! *ips flew out & kill$ two ( !m2 :]eupon ! o!r woodm5 cov]$ _! faces ) masks1 & cut d[n ! tree ) _! dagg]s4#aji ,ano!r fam\s idol 0 said to be made ( wood s poison\s1 t if *ips ( x 7 /eep$ 9 wat]1 & anybody drank ( ! wat]1 he w\ld die 9 less ?an tw5ty-f\r h\rs4#aaj ,! ,hawaiians seem to h made _! idols hide\s on purpose to inspire t]ror4#aaa ,! features ( "s ( ! images 7 viol5tly di/ort$1 _! m\?s set ) a d\ble r[ ( ! fangs ( dogs1 _! eyes made ( l>ge pe>l oy/]s ) black nuts 9 ! middle2 "s _h long pieces ( c>v$ wood1 %ap$ l inv]t$ cones1 ris+ f ! top ( _! heads2#aab "s _h tongues ( a mon/r\s size1 o!rs _h no tongues at all2 "s _h m\?s t rea*$ f e> to e>2 ! heads ( "s 7 a great deal l>g] ?an _! bodies4#aac ,"s ( ! idols 7 /ones4 ,9 ! isl& ( ,hawaii !re is a pebbly bea* f :i* pebbles us$ to be c>ri$ away to be deifi$ or to repres5t deities4 ,!y 7 g5]ally tak5 9 c\ples1 a male & a female1 & hav+ be5 wrapt up v c>efully toge!r 9 a piece ( native clo?1 !y 7 convey$ to a temple 7heiau71 :]e c]emonies ( consecration or deification 7 p]=m$ ov] !m4#aad #ajh ,ty]man & ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #dej4 #aji ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #ib sq4 #aaj ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #ia4 #aaa ,a4 ,m>cuse1 ,die ,hawaiis*5 ,inseln1 p4 #aja4 #aab ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vii4 #f1 #ae2 comp>e ,a4 ,campbell1 op4 cit4 p4 #gf4 #aac ,u4 ,lisiansky1 op4 cit4 p4 #ajg4 #aad ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #bab sq4 ,! human sacrifice (f]$ at ! mak+ ( an idol 0 int5d$ to imp>t /r5g? to ! image4#aae ,b human sacrifices 7 (f]$ on _m o!r occasions1 su* z on ! approa* ( w>1 on ! dea? ( a *ief1 & s =?4 ,!re is a tradition t ,umi1 a fam\s k+ ( ,hawaii1 once (f]$ eighty m5 to 8 god z a ?ank-(f]+ = victory4 ,! victims 7 g5]ally prison]s ( w>1 b 9 default ( captives any m5 :o _h brok5 taboos or r5d]$ !mselves obnoxi\s to ! *iefs 7 sacrific$4 ,x does n appe> t !y 7 sla9 9 ! pres5ce ( ! idol or )9 ! temple1 b ei!r on ! outside or :]e !y 7 fir/ tak52 9 all cases an attempt seems to h be5 made to pres]ve ! body entire or z little mangl$ z possible4 ,g5]ally ! victims 7 despat*$ by a bl[ on ! head ) a club or /one2 sometimes1 h[ev]1 !y 7 /abb$4 ,hav+ be5 /ripp$ nak$1 ! bodies 7 c>ri$ into ! temple & laid 9 a r[1 ) _! faces d[nw>ds1 on ! alt> imm$iately be=e ! idol4 ,! prie/ !reupon1 9 a k9d ( pray]1 (f]$ !m to ! gods2 & if hogs 7 sacrific$ at ! same "t1 !y 7 aft]w>ds pil$ on ! human bodies & left !re to rot & putrefy toge!r4#aaf #aae ,j4 ,remy1 op4 cit4 p4 #afa4 #aaf ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #aej-aeb2 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 pp4 #dg sq42 ,j4 ,remy1 op4 cit4 pp4 xl sq4 ,comp>e ,u4 ,lisiansky1 op4 cit4 pp4 #aba sq42 ,ty]man & ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #dbc sq4 ,:5 a new temple 0 ab\t to be d$icat$1 "s ( ! p us$ to flee into ! m\nta9s to escape be+ sacrific$4 ,! la/ human sacrifices are said to h be5 (f]$ 9 #ahjg1 :5 ! que5 ( ! isl&s 0 s]i\sly ill4#aag ,:5ev] w> 0 9 contemplation1 ! div9]s us$ to sacrifice animals1 g5]ally hogs & f[ls1 & to draw om5s f ! mann] 9 :i* !y expir$1 f ! appe>ance ( _! entrails1 & f o!r signs4 ,sometimes1 :5 ! animal 0 sla91 !y disemb[ell$ x1 took out ! sple51 &1 hold+ x 9 _! h&s1 (f]$ _! pray]s4 ,b if ! contemplat$ exp$ition 0 ( any importance or ! dang] 0 imm95t1 human sacrifices 7 (f]$ to ensure ! co-op]ation ( ! w>-gods 9 ! de/ruction ( _! enemies4#aah #aag ,a4 ,m>cuse1 op4 cit4 p4 #ajc4 #aah ,w4 ,ellis1 iv4 #aej sq4 ,sec4 #h4 ,fe/ivals ,9 e lun> mon? ! p celebrat$ f\r fe/ivals4 ,! fe/ival ( ! new moon la/$ ?ree nights & two days2 ! ?ree o!rs la/$ two nights & "o day4 ,^! nights & days 7 taboo or sacr$3 m5 :o took "p 9 ! fe/ivals might n speak to a woman "u pa9 ( dea?1 & all ! p 7 =bidd5 to sail ! sea1 to fi%1 to make b>k-clo?1 & to play games4#aai ,besides ^! mon?ly fe/ivals !re 0 "o call$ ,macahity1 :i* la/$ = a :ole mon? & seems to h celebrat$ ! end ( ! old ye>4 ,x fell 9 ,novemb]1 & has be5 comp>$ by ,lisiansky to our fe/ival ( ,*ri/mas4 ,he tells u t x cont9ues a :ole mon?1 dur+ :i* ! p amuse !mselves ) dances1 plays1 & %am-fights ( e k9d4 ,! k+ mu/ op5 ?is fe/ival :]ev] he is4 ,on ?is occasion1 8 maje/y dresses himself 9 8 ri*e/ cloak & helmet1 & is paddl$ 9 a canoe along ! %ore1 foll[$ sometimes by _m ( 8 subjects4 ,he emb>ks e>ly1 & mu/ f9i% 8 excursion at sun-rise4 ,! /ronge/ & mo/ exp]t ( ! w>riors is *os5 to receive him on 8 l&+4 ,?is w>rior wat*es ! royal canoe along ! bea*2 & z soon z ! k+ l&s1 & has ?r[n (f 8 cloak1 he d>ts 8 spe> at him1 f a di/ance ( ab\t ?irty paces1 & ! k+ mu/ ei!r cat* ! spe> 9 8 h&1 or suff] f x3 !re is no je/+ 9 ! bus9ess4 ,hav+ caught x1 he c>ries x "u 8 arm1 ) ! %>p end d[nw>ds1 into ! temple or heavoo4 ,on 8 entrance1 ! assembl$ multitude beg9 _! %am-fights1 & imm$iately ! air is obscur$ by cl\ds ( spe>s1 made = ! occasion ) blunt$ ends4 ,hamamea ! k+1 ,kamehameha has be5 frequ5tly advis$ to aboli% ?is ridicul\s c]emony1 9 :i* he risks 8 life e ye>2 b to no effect4 ,8 answ] always is1 t he is z able to cat* a spe>1 z any "o on ! isl& is to ?r[ x at him4 ,dur+ ! ,macahity1 all puni%m5ts are remitt$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry2 & no p]son c leave ! place 9 :i* he comm5ces ^! holidays1 let ! affair requir+ 8 abs5ce be ev] s important4#abj ,! c]emony ( ?r[+ a spe> at ! k+ dur+ ! fe/ival ( ,macahity has be5 describ$ also by ! ,scot* sailor ,ar*ibald ,campbell1 :o may h witness$ x4 ,he says3 ,! k+ rema9s 9 ! morai = ! :ole p]iod2 be=e ent]+ x1 a s+ul> c]emony takes place4 ,he is oblig$ to /& till ?ree spe>s are d>t$ at him3 he mu/ cat* ! fir/ ) 8 h&1 & ) x w>d (f ! o!r two4 ,?is is n a m]e =mality4 ,! spe> is ?r[n ) ! utmo/ =ce2 & %\ld ! k+ lose 8 life1 !re is no help = x4#aba ,?is curi\s rite may p]haps h be5 a relic ( an old cu/om :i* oblig$ ! k+ to submit once a ye> to ! ordeal ( battle1 9 ord] to prove 8 fitness = a r5ew$ t5ure ( (fice1 dea? be+ ! p5alty ( defeat & ! k+dom ! rew>d ( victory 9 ! combat4#abb ,dur+ ! cont9uance ( ! fe/ival ! prie/s 7 employ$ 9 collect+ ! taxes1 :i* 7 paid by ! *iefs 9 proportion to ! ext5t ( _! t]ritories2 ^! taxes consi/$ ( mats1 fea!rs1 & ! produce ( ! c\ntry4 ,! p celebrat$ ! fe/ival by danc+1 wre/l+1 & o!r amusem5ts4#abc ,! victor 9 ! box+ mat*es & m>tial evolutions 0 cr[n$ & treat$ z k+ ( ! fe/ival1 :i* 0 held 9 hon\r ( ! god ,rono4#abd #aai ,l4 de ,freyc9et1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde1 ,hi/orique1 ii4 #eie4 ,comp>e ,u4 ,lisiansky1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 p4 #aah4 ,accord+ to ! latt] writ]1 !re 7 no taboos 7fe/ivals7 9 ! elev5? mon?4 #abj ,u4 ,lisiansky1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 pp4 #aah sq4 ,f ,a4 ,campbell1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 p4 #agh1 we le>n t ! fe/ival fell 9 ,novemb]1 & f a brief native notice we may ga!r t ! ,new ,ye> celebration 0 ! fe/ival ( ,macahity4 ,see ,j4 ,remy1 ,hi/oire de l',ar*ipel ,havaii51 pp4 #afg1 #afi1 a la celebration de la n\velle annee1 les citoy5s1 les *efs1 les femmes1 les enfants se livrai5t a des boxes furieuses1 et plusieurs recevai5t dans ces jeux des blessures tres graves4 #aba ,a4 ,campbell1 op4 cit4 p4 #agi4 #abb ,comp>e ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 ,"p ,,iii4 ,! ,dy+ ,god1 pp4 #aag sq4 #abc ,a4 ,campbell1 op4 cit4 pp4 #agh sq4 #abd ,o4 von ,kotzebue1 ,neue ,reise um die ,welt1 ii4 #hh sq4 ,no "o might g to w> dur+ ! ,new ,ye> fe/ival2 all ! p _h to repair to ! temples 7morais74 ,?ree k9ds ( idols 7 wor%ipp$ at ?is season2 ! pr9cipal ( !m1 call$ ,kek\-,aroha1 0 c>ri$ r\nd ! isl& by a prie/2 ev]y?+ t he c\ld seize ) 8 left h& he _h ! "r to appropriate1 :e!r x 0 dogs1 pigs1 vegetables1 or :at n2 & any p]son on :om he 9 l mann] laid a h& 0 b\nd to assi/ him 9 c>ry+ or lead+ to ! temple ! tribute or booty he _h ?us tak5 possession (4#abe #abe ,l4 de ,freyc9et1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde1 ,hi/orique1 ii4 #eif4 ,( ! rig\r ) :i* ! laws ( taboo 7 en=c$ dur+ "o ( ^! fe/ivals we may ga!r an idea f a /atem5t ( ! ,russian navigator von ,kotzebue4 ,he says3 ,z ,k>eimoku's gue/s1 we 7 pres5t at ! celebration ( a ,tabu pori1 :i* la/$ f ! sett+ ( ! sun to sunrise on ! ?ird day4 ,x is already kn[n :at degree ( sanctity is imp>t$ to him :o jo9s 9 ?is communion ) ! gods dur+ ! "t4 ,%\ld he accid5tally t\* a woman1 %e mu/ be in/antly put to dea?4 ,%\ld he ent] a woman's h\se1 ! flames mu/ imm$iately consume x4#abf #abf ,o4 von ,kotzebue1 ,voyage ( ,discov]y into ! ,s\? ,sea & ,be]+'s ,/raits1 iii4 #bdh sq4 ,comp>e ,a4 von ,*amisso1 ,reise um die ,welt 7,leipzig1 #ahcf71 ii4 #cab4 ,sec4#i4 ,dea? & ,fun]al ,rites ,! ,hawaiians expla9$ life z usual by ! hypo!sis ( a s\l 7uhane71 :i* animat$ ! :ole body1 b _h its seat especially 9 ! sockets ( ! eyes1 & above all 9 ! la*rymal gl&4 ,dur+ sleep ! s\l quits ! body1 w&]s away1 & sees ! places & ?+s :i* appe> to x 9 dreams2 usually x returns 9 "t to resume its functions 9 ! body )\t endang]+ ! heal? ( ! sleep]4 ,occasionally1 h[ev]1 x happ5s t 9 its rambles x loses its way ?r\gh fall+ 9 ) a gho/ or spectre1 :o fright5s x2 b ev5 !n x may be br\ght back ) ! help ( a famili> _s despat*$ to seek out & guide home ! w&]]4 ,:5 a man falls sick1 8 s\l beg9s to feel ill at ease 9 8 body1 & if ! sickness proves fatal1 ! s\l quits him nev] to return4#abg ,accord+ to ano!r acc\nt1 ! ,hawaiians held t e man _h two s\ls 9 8 body1 ( :i* "o nev] left him 9 life1 :ile ! o!r w5t =? f "t to "t 9 dreams or ec/asy1 b only to return to its corporeal tab]nacle4 ,sometimes a div9] w\ld w>n a man t he _h se5 8 dream-s\l roam+ ab\t1 & t p]haps x might nev] come back1 because a c]ta9 deity 0 angry ) him4 ,^u t ! t]rifi$ own] ( ! s\l w\ld naturally engage ! div9] to recov] 8 spiritual prop]ty by propitiat+ ! angry deity ) a valuable (f]+4#abh #abg ,a4 ,ba/ian1 ,inselgrupp5 9 ,oceani51 pp4 #bgb sq4 #abh ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 p4 #ci note2 ,a4 ,m>cuse1 ,die ,hawaiis*5 ,inseln1 p4 #aje4 ,sickness 0 commonly expla9$ by ! pres5ce 9 ! suff]] ( an evil _s1 :o mu/ be exorcis$ if ! pati5t 0 to be re/or$ to heal?4 ,= ?is purpose ! s]vices ( a prie/ 7kahuna7 7 engag$1 :o by ! recitation ( a suitable incantation invit$ or compell$ ! demon to decl>e ?r\gh ! m\? ( ! sick man :y he _h ent]$ into him1 & on :at t]ms he w\ld cons5t to take 8 dep>ture4 ,sometimes1 ! demon 0 induc$ to p]* on ! head or %\ld]s ( "o ( ! by/&]s1 & f t coign ( vantage to answ] ! int]rogatory ( ! prie/4 ,b at o!r times he burr[$ s deep into ! pati5t's body & held 8 tongue s ob/9ately1 t ! prie/ _h no alt]native b to prick ! sick man's body ) bamboo ne$les & to drop wat] into 8 eyes 9 ord] to drive out ! evil _s4#abi #abi ,a4 ,ba/ian1 ,inselgrupp5 9 ,oceani51 p4 #bfi4 ,:5 all rem$ies _h prov$ va9 & dea? _h foll[$1 ! bodies ( common p 7 buri$ 9 a cr\*+ position4 ,! upp] "p ( ! body 0 rais$2 ! face 0 b5t =w>ds to meet ! knees2 ! h&s 7 put "u ! hams & pass$ up betwe5 ! knees2 !n head1 h&s1 & knees 7 b\nd toge!r ) c9net or cord4 ,aft]w>ds ! corpse 0 wrapt up 9 a co>se mat & int]r$ on ! fir/ or second day aft] dea?4 ,b ! corpses ( *iefs & prie/s 7 n ?us d\bl$ up2 !y 7 laid out /raight1 wrapt up 9 _m folds ( native clo?1 & buri$ 9 t po/ure4 ,prie/s 7 g5]ally committ$ to ! e>? )9 ! prec9cts ( ! temple 9 :i* !y _h (ficiat$4 ,a pile ( /ones or a circle ( high poles m>k$ _! grave4 ,b x 0 only ! bodies ( prie/s or ( p]sons ( "s importance t 7 ?us int]r$4 ,= ord9>y p natural graves 7 pref]r$1 :]e suitable places c\ld be f\nd1 su* z caves 9 ! face ( cliffs or l>ge subt]ranean grottos4 ,sometimes ! inhabitants ( a village deposit$ _! dead 9 "o great cav]n1 b g5]ally ea* family _h a di/9ct sepul*ral cave4 ,_! artificial graves 7 ei!r simple pits dug 9 ! e>? or l>ge enclosures1 :i* might be surr\nd$ ) high /one walls s z to resemble ! ord9>y temples 7heiaus74 ,occasionally !y buri$ _! dead 9 seque/]$ spots ne> _! dwell+s1 b (t5 9 _! g>d5s1 & sometimes 9 _! h\ses4 ,! graves 7 n deep1 & ! bodies 7 usually plac$ 9 !m 9 a sitt+ po/ure4#acj ,a rude me?od ( embalm+ by means ( ! fl[] ( ! sug>-cane 0 (t5 practis$1 :]eby ! entrails & bra9s 7 extract$ & ! body desiccat$4#aca ,:5 ! dead 0 int]r$ 9 ! dwell+1 ! h\se 0 n uncommonly %ut up & des]t$1 ! survivors seek+ = !mselves a new habitation4#acb ,! cu/om no d\bt sprang f a fe> ( ! gho/s1 :i* 7 suppos$ to l+] ab\t _! f9al re/+-places & to injure su* z came )9 _! rea*2 h5ce _! app>itions 7 mu* dread$4 ,= ! same reason burials 7 conduct$ 9 a private mann] & by night4 ,if p 7 se5 c>ry+ a dead body pa/ a h\se1 ! inmates w\ld abuse or ev5 /one !m = n tak+ x "s o!r way2 = !y imag9$ t ! gho/ w\ld ply to & fro betwe5 ! grave & 8 old home along ! pa? by :i* 8 corpse _h be5 c>ri$4#acc ,sometimes1 app>5tly1 to prev5t ! gho/ f /ray+1 8 grave 0 enclos$ by a sort ( f5ce compos$ ( long poles /uck 9 ! gr\nd at int]vals ( ?ree or f\r in*es & fa/5$ toge!r at ! top4 ,at all ev5ts ,ellis saw a prie/'s tomb ?us enclos$1 & he receiv$ ?is explanation ( ! f5ce f "s p2 ?\gh o!rs m]ely said t x 0 a cu/om s to int] p]sons ( consequ5ce4#acd ,nightm>e 0 believ$ to be caus$ by a gho/ attempt+ to /rangle ! dream]2 "u ! influ5ce ( ?is belief a /rong man has be5 se5 to run %riek+ d[n ! /reet1 tugg+ ) bo? h&s at 8 ?roat to te> ! incubus away1 till he rea*$ ! door ( a neighb\r's h\se &1 bur/+ 91 fell fa9t+ on ! floor4 ,he ?\ght t ! gho/ ( a *ief1 :o _h di$ ! day be=e1 _h a grip on 8 ?roat & 0 try+ to ?rottle him4#ace ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 affection = ! dead suffic$ to ov]come ! fe> ( ! gho/1 & ! m\ld]+ bones 7 c>ri$ ab\t z relics by relations & fri5ds4#acf ,:5 ! ,scot* sailor ,ar*ibald ,campbell 0 9 ! isl&s 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 8 patroness ! que5 kept by h] ! bones ( h] fa!r wrapt up 9 a piece ( clo?4 ,:5ev] %e slept 9 h] own h\se1 ! bones 7 plac$ by h] side2 9 h] abs5ce !y 7 set on a fea!r-b$ :i* %e _h receiv$ f ! capta9 ( a %ip1 & :i* %e us$ only = ?is purpose4 ,on be+ ask$ by ! ,scot*man :y %e obs]v$ ?is s+ul> cu/om1 %e repli$ t x 0 because %e lov$ h] fa!r s de>ly4#acg ,m usually1 h[ev]1 ! bones ( a belov$ *ief 7 c>efully hidd5 to prev5t 8 enemies f f9d+ !m & mak+ arr[-heads out ( !m1 ) :i* to hunt rats1 or o!rwise pr(an+ !m4 ,h5ce !re 0 a prov]b to ! effect t ! bones ( bad *iefs 7 n conceal$4 ,:5 ! great ,k+ ,kamehameha di$ 9 #ahai1 8 bones 7 hidd5 & disappe>$ completely 9 "s secret cave4#ach #acj ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #cei sq42 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 pp4 #gc sq4 #aca ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 p4 #gc2 ,j4 ,remy1 op4 cit4 p4 xlvii4 #acb ,ty]man & ,b5net1 op4 cit4 i4 #dbi4 #acc ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #cfj sq42 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 p4 #gd2 ,a4 ,m>cuse1 ,die ,hawaiis*5 ,insl51 p4 #aji4 #acd ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #abi4 #ace ,h4 ,t4 ,*eev]1 ,life 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s 7,london1 #ahea71 pp4 #aa sq41 quot+ ,%eldon ,dibble1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 p4 #ii4 #acf ,o4 von ,kotzebue1 ,neue ,reise um die ,welt1 ii4 #ih2 ,a4 ,ba/ian1 ,inselgrupp5 9 ,oceani51 p4 #bfa4 #acg ,a4 ,campbell1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 pp4 #bjf sq4 #ach ,j4 ,remy1 op4 cit4 p4 #aec4 ,! dea? ( a k+ or great *ief 9 =m] days 0 ! occasion = ! obs]vance ( "s s+ul> c]emonies & cu/oms4 ,! grief1 real or pret5d$1 ( ! p f\nd expression 9 _m extravagant =ms4 ,m5 & wom5 knock$ out "s ( _! front tee? ) /ones2 b ! cu/om seems to h be5 obs]v$ ev5 m ext5sively by m5 ?an by wom54 ,! k9sm5 or fri5ds ( ! deceas$ *ief set ! example1 & _! reta9]s 7 oblig$ to imitate !m4 ,sometimes a man broke out 8 own too? ) a /one1 b m usually ! s]vice 0 r5d]$ him by ano!r1 :o fix$ "o end ( a /ick aga9/ ! too? & hamm]$ ! /ick ) a /one till ! too? broke (f4 ,if ! m5 def]r$ ! op]ation1 ! wom5 w\ld p]=m x on !m 9 _! sleep4 ,m ?an "o too? 0 seldom sacrific$ at "o "t2 b z ! mutilation 0 repeat$ at ! decease ( e *ief ( rank or au?ority1 few m5 ( mature ye>s 7 to be se5 ) a :ole set ( tee?1 & _m lo/ all _! front tee? bo? 9 ! upp] & ! l[] jaw4 ,ano!r mutilation practis$ at su* times 0 to cut "o or bo? e>s1 b x seems to h be5 comp>atively r>e4 ,mu* common] 0 ! cu/om ( burn+ circles or semi-circles on ! face or brea/ by means ( /rips ( burn+ b>k4 ,! m\rn]s also poll$ _! hair 9 v>i\s ways4 ,sometimes !y made bald a small r\nd piece on ! cr[n ( ! head1 l ! tonsure ( ,ca?olic prie/s2 sometimes !y %av$ or cropp$ close ! :ole head except r\nd ! edge1 :]e a %ort fr+e 0 left to hang d[n2 sometimes !y made _! heads q bald on "o side & all[$ ! hair to rema9 long on ! o!r2 occasionally !y cut out a pat* 9 ! %ape ( a horse-%oe ei!r at ! back ( ! head or above ! =ehead2 sometimes !y %ore a numb] ( curv$ furr[s f e> to e> or f ! =ehead to ! neck4 ,:5 a *ief :o _h lo/ a relative or fri5d _h 8 own hair cut aft] any p>ticul> patt]n1 8 foll[]s & dep5dants usually cropp$ _! hair 9 ! same /yle4 ,n to clip or %ave ! hair 9 m\rn+ 0 reg>d$ z disrespectful to ! dead1 b ! p>ticul> mann] ( cutt+ x 0 left to ! ta/e ( ! individual4#aci ,"s p 9 _! fr5zy knock$ out _! eyes ) clubs & /ones & cut z well z burn$ _! fle%4#adj ,ano!r peculi> badge ( m\rn+1 adopt$ pr9cipally by ! *iefs1 0 a black spot or l9e tattoo$ on ! tongue4 ,! pa9ful op]ation 0 p]=m$ by punctur+ ! tongue ) %>p fi%-bones dipp$ 9 col\r+ matt]4#ada ,b ?\gh ^! p]sonal mutilations 7 popul> & almo/ univ]sal on ! decease ( *iefs1 !y appe> n to h be5 practis$ by ! common p among !mselves4 ,?us a wife did n knock out h] tee? on ! dea? ( h] husb&1 & a son did n ?us express 8 grief = ! loss ( 8 p>5ts1 nor !y = ! dea? ( a *ild4#adb #aci ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #age sqq41 #aha4 ,comp>e ,u4 ,lisiansky1 op4 cit4 p4 #abc2 ,a4 ,campbell1 op4 cit4 pp4 #adb sq42 ,j4 ,remy1 op4 cit4 p4 xlvii4 #adj ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 ,resid5ce 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 p4 #aff2 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 pp4 #fe sq4 #ada ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #agg1 #ahj sq4 #adb ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #ahj4 ,simil> extravagances 9 ! expression ( grief 7 commonly exhibit$ by m\rn]s1 z we h se51 9 o!r p>ts ( ,polynesia2 b 9 ,hawaii ! rites obs]v$ at ! dea? ( a k+ or high *ief 7 9 s f> peculi> t !y assum$ ! "* ( a ,saturnalia or orgy ( unbridl$ lu/ & crime4 ,on ?is subject ! ,russian navigator ,lisiansky1 :o visit$ ! isl&s :ile ! anci5t sy/em ( sup]/ition 0 /ill 9 full vogue1 reports z foll[s3 ,on ! dea? ( ! k+1 a sc5e ( horror takes place t is h>dly cr$ible4 ,twelve m5 are sacrific$2 & %ortly aft] ! :ole isl& ab&ons itself = a mon? to ! utmo/ disord] & lic5ti\sness4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod1 bo? sexes g entirely nak$1 & m5 cohabit ) wom5 )\t any di/9ction3 ! woman :o %\ld d>e to make resi/ance1 w\ld be consid]$ z violat+ ! laws ( ! c\ntry4 ,! same lic5ti\sness is obs]v$ on ! dea? ( a noble2 b x does n ext5d beyond ! doma9s ( ! deceas$1 & is ( a mu* %ort] duration1 n cont9u+1 z ,mr4 ,"y in=m$ me1 m ?an a few days1 ?\gh attempts are made by ! y\? ( ! p>ty to prolong ! p]iod4 ,^? :o are put to dea? on ! demise ( ! k+1 or any great p]sonage1 are su* z h (f]$ !mselves = ! purpose dur+ ! life ( _! ma/]2 & !y are 9 consequ5ce consid]$ & treat$ by him z 8 be/ fri5ds1 s9ce !y h sworn to live & die ) him4 ,:5 ,i reflect ^u ! horrid nature ( ?is c]emony1 ,i h>dly "k h[ to cr$it its exi/5ce among/ a race ( m5 s mild & good z ^! isl&]s 9 g5]al appe> to be2 b ,mr4 ,"y1 ^: v]acity ,i _h no reason to d\bt1 assur$ me ( ! fact4#adc #adc ,u4 ,lisiansky1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 pp4 #abb sq4 ,?is ,john ,"y1 :o gave ,lisiansky in=mation z to ! cu/oms & religion ( ! ,hawaiians1 0 an ,engli%man :o _h resid$ 9 ! isl&s = _m ye>s at ! "t ( ! ,russian navigator's visit 9 #ahjd4 ,orig9ally a sailor1 born at ,liv]pool1 he _h be5 compulsorily deta9$ by ! natives :5 he l&$ f 8 %ip 9 ,hawaii 9 ,m>* #agij4 ,b f ! fir/ he receiv$ ! k9de/ treatm5t f ! k+1 ,kamehameha1 ^: full confid5ce & high e/eem he enjoy$ & des]v$4 ,! k+ gave him a f9e e/ate & appo9t$ him to sev]al responsible (fices2 9 p>ticul> ,"y 0 gov]nor ( ,hawaii = no less ?an n9e ye>s dur+ ! k+'s abs5ce4 ,he m>ri$ a native woman ( rank1 by :om he _h six *ildr54 ,:ile he rema9$ w>mly atta*$ to 8 native c\ntry & r5d]$ ess5tial s]vices to ,engli% vessels t\*+ at ! isl&s1 he rema9$ a volunt>y exile = =ty-five ye>s 9 ,hawaii1 :]e he di$ at ! patri>*al age ( n9ety-two 9 ,decemb] #ahce4 ,dur+ ?is long p]iod he enjoy$ ! fav\r ( ! k+s1 *iefs1 & p1 & 0 highly respect$ & e/eem$ = 8 intellig5ce & good (fices by ,european voyag]s to ! isl&s4#add ,?us he _h ! be/ opportunities = acqua9t+ himself ) ! cu/oms & beliefs ( ! natives1 & x is mu* to be regrett$ t ( ! ample /ore ( k :i* he ?us acquir$ no?+ rema9s b a few scatt]$ notices record$ by travell]s to :om he _h v]bally communicat$ !m4 #add ,g4 ,vanc\v]1 ,voyage ( ,discov]y to ! ,nor? ,pacific ,ocean & r\nd ! ,_w 7,london1 #agih71 ii4 #ace sq42 ,w4 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 iv4 #if2 ,ty]man & ,b5net1 ,j\rnal ( ,voyages & ,travels1 i4 #cgg sq42 ,f4 ,d4 ,b5nett1 ,n>rative ( a ,:al+ ,voyage1 i4 #bch sq4 ,9 #ahji1 "s five ye>s aft] ,lisiansky's visit to ,hawaii1 ! ,scot* sailor ,ar*ibald ,campbell witness$ "o ( ^! ,saturnalia held on ! occasion ( ! dea? ( ! k+'s bro!r4 ,he says3 ,! public m\rn+ t took place on ?is occasion 0 ( s extraord9>y a nature t _h ,i n be5 an eye-witness1 ,i c\ld n h giv5 cr$it to x4 ,! natives cut out _! hair1 & w5t ab\t completely nak$4 ,_m ( !m1 p>ticul>ly ! wom51 disfigur$ !mselves1 by knock+ out _! front tee?1 & br&+ _! faces ) r$-hot /ones1 & ! small end ( calaba%es1 :i* !y held burn+ to _! faces till a circul> m>k 0 produc$2 :il/1 at ! same "t1 a g5]al1 ,i believe ,i may say an univ]sal1 public pro/itution ( ! wom5 took place4 ,! que5s1 & ! wid[ ( ! deceas$1 7 alone exempt$4 ,:5 ! capta9 ( a %ip t lay 9 ! h>b\r remon/rat$ ) ! k+ ^u ^! disgraceful sc5es1 he answ]$1 t su* 0 ! law1 & he c\ld n prev5t !m4#ade #ade ,a4 ,campbell1 ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 pp4 #adb sq4 ,to ^! enormities ! ,fr5* navigator ,l4 de ,freyc9et bore simil> te/imony a few ye>s lat]4 ,he says3 ,! despair :i* is affect$ aft] ! loss ( royal p]sonages or great nobles pres5ts also a rem>kable resemblance to :at takes place "u simil> circum/ances among ! inhabitants ( ! ,m>ianne ,isl&s4 ,:5 we l&$ 9 ,o:yhi ,hawaii1 signs ( sorr[ ev]y:]e pres5t$ !mselves to our eyes & witness$ to ! excesses t _h be5 committ$ at ! rec5t dea? ( ,tamehameha4 ,at su* a crisis an>*y displays all its horrors3 ! laws & ! rules ( taboo are brok5 )\t %ame3 ! prohibit$ foods are dev\r$ )\t scruple1 *iefly by ! wom53 ! rights ( prop]ty are ignor$2 =ce becomes ! supreme law3 ! voice ( *iefs is p[]less3 old enmities are av5g$ by blood or pillage3 9 a ^w1 incr$ible sc5es ( disord]1 ( cruelty1 & ( lu/ are ev]y:]e r5ew$ "u ! /imulus ( impunity4 ,calm does n beg9 to reign aga9 until ! heir is def9itely inve/$ ) ! royal p[]4 ,su* is ! mode 9 :i* ! common p1 fre$ = ! mom5t f all re/ra9t1 express ! grief :i* !y are suppos$ to feel at ! dea? ( _! sov]eign4#adf #adf ,l4 de ,freyc9et1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde1 ,hi/orique1 ii4 #fjb4 ,! e>ly mission>ies to ,hawaii also te/ifi$ to ! disord]s :i* prevail$ on ^! occasions1 ?\gh !y seem n to h witness$ !m4 ,f _! acc\nts we ga!r t at su* times ! rights ( prop]ty 7 z little respect$ z ! *a/ity ( wom54 ,on su* an occasion1 says ,/ew>t1 e re/ra9t 0 ca/ (f1 & all 7 9 ! habit ( foll[+ ! impulse ( any & e wild passion t might seize !m4 ,rights ( p]son or ( prop]ty 7 no long] reg>d$2 & he :o _h ! greate/ muscul> p[]s committ$ :atev] depr$ation he *ose1 & injur$ any "o he ?\ght prop]4 ,ev5 ! *iefs lo/ _! ord9>y pre-em95ce1 & c\ld ex]t no influ5ce ( re/ra9t on ! excesses ( _! subjects4 ,x 0 ! "t ( r$ress+ private wrongs1 by committ+ viol5ce on ! prop]ty & p]son ( an enemy2 & ev]y?+ t any "o possess$ 0 liable to be tak5 f him4 ,_! grief 0 express$ by ! mo/ %ock+ p]sonal outrages1 n only by te>+ (f _! clo!s entirely1 b by knock+ out _! eyes & tee? ) clubs & /ones1 & pull+ out _! hair1 & by burn+ & cutt+ _! fle%2 :ile drunk5ness1 riot1 & e species ( debau*]y cont9u$ to be indulg$ 9 = days aft] ! dea? ( ! deceas$4#adg ,to ! same effect ,ellis writes t z soon z ! *ief _h expir$1 ! :ole neighb\rhood exhibit$ a sc5e ( confusion1 wick$ness1 & cruelty1 seldom witness$ ev5 9 ! mo/ b>b>\s society4 ,! p ran to & fro )\t _! clo!s1 appe>+ & act+ m l demons ?an human be+s2 e vice 0 practis$1 & almo/ e species ( crime p]petrat$4 ,h\ses 7 burnt1 prop]ty plund]$1 ev5 murd] sometimes committ$1 & ! gratification ( e base & savage feel+ s\ght )\t re/ra9t4 ,injuries or accid5ts1 long =gott5 p]haps by ! (f5d+ p>ty1 7 n[ rev5g$ ) unrel5t+ cruelty4#adh ,accord+ to ,j>ves1 ! e>ly hi/orian ( ,hawaii1 on ^! occasions no wom5 7 exempt f violation except ! wid[s ( ! deceas$4#adi #adg ,c4 ,s4 ,/ew>t1 ,resid5ce 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 pp4 #afe sq4 #adh ,w4 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 iv4 #agg4 #adi ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,hawaiian or ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 p4 #ff4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,remy1 op4 cit4 p4 xlvii4 ,su* outbur/s ( passion1 releas$ f all re/ra9ts ( cu/om or law1 are n unkn[n else:]e on ! occasion ( a dea?4 ,among ! ,ba-ila ( ,nor!rn ,rhodesia x is cu/om>y at fun]als = ! wom5 to s+ lewd songs4 ,"u ord9>y circum/ances x w\ld be reckon$ taboo = wom5 to utt] su* ?+s 9 ! pres5ce ( m52 b at fun]als all re/ra9ts are remov$4 ,p d z !y l4 ,grass may be pluck$ out ( ! ?at*$ ro(s2 ! fields may be robb$ ( ! gr[+ corn2 all passions are let loose2 & no compla9t = damage1 !ft1 or adult]y c be made4 ,?is la/ item us$ to be ! case2 n[adays f9es are claim$4#aej #aej ,e4 ,w4 ,smi? & ,a4 ,m4 ,dale1 ,! ,ila-speak+ ,peoples ( ,nor!rn ,rhodesia 7,london1 #aibj71 ii4 #aac sq4 ,! numb] ( human victims sacrific$ at ! dea? ( a *ief v>i$ ) 8 rank4 ,= a k+ ( ,hawaii ! g5]al numb] w\ld seem to h be5 t5 or twelve4#aea ,b :5 ,k+ ,kamehameha di$ 9 #ahai1 ! prie/ decl>$ some:at diff]5tly ! cu/om 9 reg>d to human sacrifice on su* an occasion4 ,:5 ! corpse _h be5 remov$ f ! k+'s own dwell+ to a consecrat$ h\se = ! p]=mance ( ! prop] rites1 a sacr$ hog 0 bak$ & (f]$ to x by ! prie/2 = ! dead k+ 0 n[ deem$ to be a god4 ,!n address+ ! *iefs & ! new k+1 ! prie/ spoke z foll[s3 ,i w n[ make kn[n to y ! rules to be obs]v$ respect+ p]sons to be sacrific$ on ! burial ( 8 body4 ,if y obta9 "o man be=e ! corpse is remov$1 "o w be suffici5t2 b aft] x leaves ?is h\se f\r w be requir$4 ,if delay$ until we c>ry ! corpse to ! grave1 !re mu/ be t52 b aft] x is deposit$ 9 ! grave1 !re mu/ be fifte54 ,to-morr[ morn+ !re w be a tabu1 & if ! sacrifice be delay$ until t "t1 =ty m5 mu/ die4 ,h[ev]1 on ?is occasion1 no human blood 0 %$1 b ?ree hundr$ dogs 7 sacrific$4#aeb ,! victims :o 7 kill$ at ! dea? ( ! k+1 pr9ces1 & di/+ui%$ *iefs1 & 7 buri$ ) _! rema9s1 belong$ to ! l[e/ class ( society4 ,9 c]ta9 families ! obligation ( dy+ ) ! diff]5t memb]s ( su* or su* a noble h\se 0 h]$it>y1 s t at ! bir? ( a *ild x 0 kn[n at ^: dea? he mu/ be sacrific$4 ,! victims knew _! de/9y1 & _! lot seems to h _h no t]ror = !m4#aec #aea ,j4 ,cook1 ,voyages1 vii4 #ade2 ,u4 ,lisiansky1 op4 cit4 p4 #abb4 #aeb ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 pp4 #ahi1 #aij4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,remy1 op4 cit4 pp4 #abe1 #abg2 ,h4 ,b+ham1 ,resid5ce ( ,tw5ty-"o ,ye>s 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 p4 #ga4 #aec ,o4 von ,kotzebue1 ,voyage ( ,discov]y into ! ,s\? ,sea & ,be]+'s ,/raits 7,london1 #ahba71 iii4 #bdg4 ,at ,honaunau1 9 ! isl& ( ,hawaii1 !re 0 a sort ( mausoleum 9 :i* ! bones ( dead k+s & pr9ces 7 deposit$4 ,= "s reason x 0 sp>$ 9 ! g5]al de/ruction ( pagan monum5ts :i* took place 9 #ahai1 & x 0 /ill almo/ intact :5 ! mission>y ,ellis visit$ & describ$ x a few ye>s lat]4 ,x 0 a compact build+1 tw5ty-f\r feet long by sixte5 feet wide1 built ( ! mo/ durable timb]1 & ?at*$ ) leaves4 ,x /ood on a b$ ( lava jutt+ out into ! sea1 & 0 surr\nd$ by a /rong f5ce1 leav+ a pav$ area 9 front & at ! two ends4 ,sev]al rudely c>v$ male & female images ( wood 7 plac$ on ! outside ( ! enclosure1 "s on l[ p$e/als "u ! %ade ( a tree1 o!rs on high po/s plant$ on ! jutt+ rocks :i* ov]hung ! edge ( ! wat]4 ,a numb] ( effigies /ood on ! f5ce at unequal di/ances all ar\nd2 b ! pr9cipal assemblage ( idols 0 at ! s\?-ea/ end ( ! enclos$ space1 :]e twelve ( !m /ood 9 a semicircle on a cresc5t-%ap$ basem5t ( /one rais$ ab\t two feet above ! pavem5t4 ,"s ( !m re/$ on small p$e/als1 o!rs on pill>s eight or t5 feet high4 ,! pr9cipal idol1 di/+ui%$ by ! v>iety & sup]iority ( ! c>v+ on its body & especially on its head1 /ood 9 ! middle1 ! o!rs on ei!r side ( x1 z if p]petual gu>dians ( '! mighty dead' repos+ 9 ! h\se adjo9+4#aed #aed ,w4 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 iv4 #afd sq4 ,:5 a dea? _h tak5 place1 ! h\se 9 :i* x occurr$1 0 deem$ defil$1 & cont9u$ 9 t /ate until aft] ! burial4 ,b if ! deceas$ 0 a *ief1 ! :ole l& 0 pollut$1 & ! heirs s\ght a resid5ce 9 ano!r "p ( ! c\ntry1 until ! corpse 0 dissect$ & ! bones ti$ 9 a bundle2 = :5 t 0 done ! season ( defilem5t t]m9at$4 ,h5ce on ! dea? ( ,k+ ,kamehameha1 8 son & successor1 ,liholiho1 _h to retire = a "t to ano!r di/rict4#aee #aee ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 p4 #aia2 ,h4 ,b+ham1 ,resid5ce ( ,tw5ty-"o ,ye>s 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 pp4 #ga sq42 ,j4 ,remy1 op4 cit4 pp4 #abg1 #abi4 ,sec4 #aj4 ,fate ( ! ,s\l aft] ,dea? ,! ,hawaiians 9 g5]al believ$ t ! human s\l exi/s aft] dea?1 b _! notions on ! subject 71 z usual1 vague1 confus$1 & contradictory4 ,"s said t all ! s\ls ( ! dep>t$ w5t to ! ,po1 or place ( night1 & 7 !re annihilat$ or eat5 by ! gods4#aef ,accord+ to ano!r acc\nt1 ! s\ls ( ! dead t _h no claim to div9ity flutt]$ ab\t _! old homes till ! mom5t arriv$ :5 !y became ! food ( ! gods4 ,x is n c]ta91 adds de ,freyc9et1 t !y recognis$ ! immortality ( ! s\l 9 ! case ( p]sons ( ! l[e/ class4#aeg ,o!rs said t "s s\ls w5t to ! regions ( ,akea 7,wakea7 & ,miru 7,milu71 two anci5t k+s ( ,hawaii4 ,( ^! two1 ,akea 0 report$ to h be5 ! fir/ k+ ( ! isl&4 ,:5 he di$1 he desc5d$ into ! ne!r _w & !re f\nd$ a k+dom4 ,8 successor on ! ?rone ( ,hawaii1 by "n ,miru or ,milu1 also desc5d$ into ! und]world at dea?1 & %>$ ! gov]nm5t ( ! inf]nal realm ) 8 pr$ecessor ,akea4 ,_! l& is a place ( d>kness1 _! food1 liz>ds & butt]flies4 ,b !re are /reams ( wat] ( :i* !y dr9k1 & wide-spread+ trees "u :i* !y recl9e4#aeh ,milu is describ$ z ! ,hawaiian ,pluto1 ! "l ( ! l[] _w to ^: dom9ions dep>t$ spirits g4 ,8 abode 0 9 ! we/1 h5ce ! gho/s ( su* z di$ on ! ea/]n %ore ( an isl& always _h to cross to ! we/]n %ore be=e !y c\ld set out = _! f9al place ( re/ 9 ! _s l&4 ,"s said t ,milu _h 8 dwell+ "u ! ocean1 & t he 0 ! pr9ce ( wick$ spirits4#aei ,h[ev]1 accord+ to "s acc\nts1 ! two anci5t k+s1 ,milu & ,akea1 rul$ ov] sep>ate regions 9 ! _s l&1 :i* 7 taboo$ to ea* o!r1 s t nobody c\ld pass f ! "o to ! o!r4 ,akea or ,wakea dwelt 9 ! upp] region1 & !re ! s\ls ( *iefs dwelt ) him2 :]eas ,milu occupi$ ! muddy l[] region1 & !re ! s\ls ( common folk abode ) him4 ,9 ! upp] region all 0 peaceful & ord]ly1 & !re p]sons :o _h fai?fully compli$ ) ! precepts ( religion 9 life 7 receiv$ aft] dea?4 ,on ! o!r h& ! l[] region1 rul$ ov] by ,milu1 0 noisy & disord]ly2 evil spirits play$ _! pranks !re1 & ! s\ls ( ! dead subsi/$ on liz>ds & butt]flies4#afj ,:5 p]sons recov]$ f a dea?-l swoon1 x 0 suppos$ t _! s\ls _h gone to ! und]world & be5 s5t back to e>? by ,milu4 ,! be/ acc\nt ( ! _s l& 0 giv5 by "o :o _h sp5t eight days 9 x1 & on return+ to life report$ to 8 family :at he _h se54 ,accord+ to 8 obs]vations1 ! _s l& is flat & fruitful1 x is tol]ably well light$1 & ev]y?+ gr[s !re spontane\sly1 s t1 contr>y to "s reports1 ! palace ( ,milu is a really delightful place4 ,milu himself is n m>ri$ to any "o p>ticul> wife2 b f "t to "t he *ooses = 8 consorts ! mo/ beautiful ( ! female gho/s :5 !y arrive 9 deadl&1 & ! wom5 ?us hon\r$ are naturally taboo = ! male gho/s4 ,all s\ls live !re 9 exactly ! same /ate 9 :i* !y quitt$ _! bodies4 ,! s\ls ( ^? :o di$ "y1 especially ( ^? :o fell 9 battle1 are hale & /rong2 :]eas ! s\ls ( ^? :o p]i%$ ( disease are sickly & weak1 & weak1 too1 are ! s\ls ( su* z di$ 9 old age4#afa #aef ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #cfe sq4 #aeg ,l4 de ,freyc9et1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde1 ,hi/orique1 ii4 #eid4 #aeh ,w4 ,ellis1 op4 cit4 iv4 #cff2 ,j4 ,j4 ,j>ves1 op4 cit4 p4 #ch2 ,a4 ,ba/ian1 ,inselgrupp5 9 ,oceani51 p4 #bfb4 ,ellis gives ,miru z ! =m ( ! "n1 b ! correct ,hawaiian =m is ,milu2 = 9 ! ,hawaiian dialect ! ord9>y ,polynesian ,r is replac$ by ,l4 ,see ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 p4 xxiii4 ,9 ,new ,zeal& & ,mangaia ! "n ,miru 0 giv5 to ! goddess ( hell or ( ! dead4 ,see ,e4 ,trege>1 op4 cit4 pp4 #bdc1 #bdd1 s4v4 ,miru4 #aei ,e4 ,trege>1 ,maori-,polynesian ,comp>ative ,diction>y1 pp4 #bdc sq41 s4v4 ,miru4 #afj ,h4 ,t4 ,*eev]1 ,life 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s 7,london1 #ahea71 p4 #ab2 ,a4 ,ba/ian1 ,inselgrupp5 9 ,oceani51 pp4 #bfd sqq42 ,a4 ,m>cuse1 ,die ,hawaiis*5 ,inseln1 p4 #ii4 #afa ,a4 ,ba/ian1 ,inselgrupp5 9 ,oceani51 p4 #bfd4 ,!re 7 ?ree places 9 ! isl&s f :i* ! gho/s took _! dep>ture = ! o!r _w4 ,"o 0 at ! nor!rn extremity ( ! isl& ( ,hawaii2 "o 0 at ! we/]n end ( ,maui2 & "o 0 at ! s\!rn po9t ( ,oahu4#afb ,accord+ to "o acc\nt1 ! gho/s on _! passage to ,milu's subt]ranean realm w5t we/w>d 9 ! direction ( ! sett+ sun1 & ei!r leap$ f a rock into ! sea or vani%$ into a hole 9 ! gr\nd4#afc #afb ,h4 ,t4 ,*eev]1 ,life 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 p4 #ab2 ,a4 ,m>cuse1 ,die ,hawaiis*5 ,inseln1 p4 #ii4 #afc ,a4 ,ba/ian1 ,inselgrupp5 9 ,oceani51 p4 #bfe4 ,b be=e bidd+ a la/ f>ewell to e>?1 ! s\l ( ! deceas$ 0 believ$ to l+] = a "t 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! grave or ( ! h\se4 ,x _h n[ become an akua or div9e _s1 b dur+ its /ay on e>? x 0 dread$ z an akua-lapu or t]rify+ _s1 because x appe>$ to ! liv+ z a spectre or gho/4 ,9 "t1 h[ev]1 x grew weak] & weak] & gradually disappe>$ altoge!r1 l ! o!r spirits 7akuas74 ,by t "t x _h f\nd a guide to %[ x ! way to ,milu's realm1 f :i* !re is no return4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! gu>dian god ( a family w\ld oppose ! passage ( a s\l to ! o!r _w1 & s5d x back to life1 s t ! seem+ly dead man recov]$4#afd ,x is said to h be5 a firmly e/abli%$ belief t ! dead appe>$ to ! liv+ & communicat$ ) !m 9 dreams4#afe ,! prie/s 9 p>ticul> 7 fav\r$ ) su* messages f ! o!r _w4#aff #afd ,a4 ,ba/ian1 op4 cit4 p4 #bff4 #afe ,l4 de ,freyc9et1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde1 ,hi/orique1 ii4 #eid4 #aff ,w4 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 iv4 #cfg4 ,a leg5d tells h[ a c]ta9 *ief ( ,hawaii1 sorr[+ = ! dea? ( 8 wife1 appli$ to a prie/1 :o furni%$ him ) a god call$ ,kane-i-k\-alii 7,god ( ,*iefs71 to guide him to ! ne!r _w ( ,milu1 :i!r 8 belov$ sp\se _h dep>t$4 ,j\rney+ toge!r1 ! god & ! man came to ! end ( ! _w1 :]e grew a tree1 :i* split op5 & all[$ !m to glide d[n into ! dep?s4 ,!re ! god hid beh9d a rock & all[$ ! *ief to g on alone1 b fir/ he rubb$ /9k+ oil ov] ! *ief's body4 ,on arriv+ at ,milu's palace ! *ief f\nd ! :ole c\rt full ( spirits engag$ 9 su* noisy & tumultu\s sports1 t he c\ld /eal 9 among !m unobs]v$1 all ! m because ! ne>e/ spirits mi/ook him = a gho/ newly arriv$ ) ! /5* ( 8 dead body /ill on him1 s t !y turn$ away f him 9 disgu/ & made uncomplim5t>y rem>ks on 8 unsav\ry condition4 ,:5 !y _h play$ all sorts ( games1 ! *ief sugge/$ t1 z a new =m ( sport1 !y %\ld all take out _! eyes & ?r[ !m 9 a heap4 ,! sugge/ion 0 accept$1 & e "o ha/5$ to comply ) x4 ,b ! *ief took c>e to m>k :]e ! eyes ( ,milu fell1 & snat*+ !m up he hid !m 9 ! coco-nut beak] :i* he c>ri$ ) him4 ,z all ! spirits 7 n[ bl9d1 x 0 easy = ! *ief to make 8 way to ! neighb\r+ realm ( ,akea or ,wakea1 :i* 0 taboo$ to ! spirits t sw>m$ 9 ,milu's k+dom & might n be ent]$ by !m4 ,h[ev]1 aft] long negotiations1 ,milu 0 all[$ to recov] 8 eyes1 on condition t ! s\l ( ! *ief's wife %\ld be s5t back to e>? & reunit$ to h] body1 :i* 0 happily accompli%$4#afg #afg ,a4 ,ba/ian1 ,inselgrupp5 9 ,oceani51 pp4 #bfe sq4 ,! ,hawaiians 7 n )\t "s notion ( a g5]al resurrection ( ! dead4 ,:5 ! mission>y ,william ,ellis 0 conv]s+ ) "s ( ! natives on t subject1 !y said t !y _h he>d ( x be=e f a native prie/ nam$ ,kapihe1 :o _h liv$ at _! village 9 ! "t ( ,k+ ,kamehameha4 ,! prie/ told ! k+ t at 8 dea? he w\ld see 8 ance/ors1 & t h]eaft] all ! k+s1 *iefs1 & p ( ,hawaii w\ld live aga94 ,:5 ,ellis ask$ !m h[ ?is w\ld be effect$1 & ) :at circum/ances x w\ld be att5d$1 :e!r !y w\ld live aga9 9 ,hawaii or 9 ,miru 7,milu71 ! ,hades ( ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 !y repli$ t !re 7 two gods1 :o conduct$ ! dep>t$ spirits ( _! *iefs to "s place 9 ! heav5s1 :]e ! s\ls ( k+s & *iefs sometimes dwelt1 & t aft]w>ds ! two div9e conductors return$ ) ! royal & pr9cely s\ls to e>?1 :]e !y accompani$ ! movem5ts & wat*$ ov] ! de/9ies ( _! survivors4 ,! "n ( "o ( ^! gods 0 ,kaonohiokala1 :i* means ! eyeball ( ! sun2 & ! "n ( ! o!r 0 ,kuahairo4 ,n[ ,kapihe 0 prie/ to ! latt] god1 & pr(ess$ to h receiv$ a revelation1 9 accordance ) :i* he in=m$ ,k+ ,kamehameha t1 :5 ! mon>* %\ld dep>t ?is life1 ! god ,kuahairo w\ld c>ry 8 _s to ! sky & aft]w>ds accompany x back to e>? aga91 :]eupon 8 body w\ld be re/or$ to life & y\?2 t he w\ld h 8 wives aga9 & resume 8 gov]nm5t 9 ,hawaii2 t at ! same "t ! exi/+ g5]ation w\ld see & "k _! p>5ts & ance/ors1 & t all ! p :o _h di$ w\ld rise aga9 f ! dead4#afh ,x is to be fe>$1 h[ev]1 t ! prie/ 0 a deceiv]2 = ,k+ ,kamehameha has n yet come to life aga91 & up to ! pres5t "t ! g5]al resurrection has n tak5 place 9 ,hawaii4 #afh ,w4 ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 iv4 #add sq4 ,t mu/ conclude :at ,i h to say ab\t ! belief 9 immortality & ! wor%ip ( ! dead 9 ,polynesia1 ,! notions :i* ! ,polynesians ent]ta9$ on ?is subject _c b /rike a civilis$ ,european z *ildi%1 :ile ! cu/oms :i* !y bas$ on !m mu/ appe> to him 9 great "p fooli%1 ev5 :]e !y 7 n b>b>\s & cruel4 ,h[ f> su* *ildi% notions & fooli% cu/oms t5d to confirm or to refute ! widespread1 almo/ univ]sal1 belief 9 ! survival ( ! human s\l aft] dea?1 is a "q :i* ,i mu/ leave my read]s to answ] = !mselves4 ,,note ,,taboo ,,am\ng ,,! ,,maoris ,! p[] :i* ,maori *iefs possess$ ( impos+1 or at all ev5ts ( en=c+1 a taboo seems n to h be5 q s absolute z might p]haps be inf]r$ f ! /atem5t 9 ! text4#a ,we are told t ! p[] ( ! taboo ma9ly dep5d$ on ! influ5ce ( ! p]son :o impos$ x4 ,if x 7 put on by a great *ief1 x w\ld n be brok51 b a p[]ful man (t5 violat$ ! taboo ( an inf]ior4 ,a *ief1 = example1 w\ld frequ5tly lay "o ( ^! sacr$ int]dicts on a road or a riv]1 & !n nobody w\ld d>e to g by ei!r1 unless he felt himself /rong en\gh to set ! *ief's taboo at defiance4 ,! duration ( ! taboo 0 arbitr>y1 & dep5d$ on ! w ( ! p]son :o impos$ x4 ,simil>ly ) ! ext5t to :i* ! prohibition appli$3 sometimes x 0 limit$ to a p>ticul> object1 sometimes x embrac$ _m3 sometimes x 0 laid on a s+le spot1 at o!r times x cov]$ a :ole di/rict4#b #a ,above1 p4 #dg4 #b ,r4 ,taylor1 ,te ,ika ,a ,maui1 or ,new ,zeal& & its ,inhabitants1 ,second ,edition 7,london1 #ahgj71 p4 #afh4 ,comp>e ,j4 ,dumont d',urville1 ,voyage aut\r du ,monde et a la re*]*e de la ,p]\se1 ,hi/oire du ,voyage 7,p>is1 #ahcb-ahcc71 ii4 #ecj4 ,to r5d] a place taboo a *ief _h only to tie "o ( 8 old g>m5ts to a pole & /ick x up on ! spot :i* he propos$ to make sacr$1 :ile at ! same "t he decl>$ t ! prohibit$ area 0 "p ( 8 own body1 su* z 8 backbone1 or t x bore ! "n ( "o ( 8 ance/ors4 ,9 ! latt] case all ! p]sons desc5d$ f t p>ticul> ance/or 7 9 duty b\nd to rally to ! def5ce ( ! *ief's taboo1 & ! m di/ant ! ance/or1 & ! m num]\s 8 desc5dants1 ! great] ! numb] ( ! *ampions ?us pl$g$ to ! support ( ! family hon\r4 ,h5ce ! long] a man's p$igree1 ! bett] *ance he /ood ( ma9ta9+ 8 taboo aga9/ all com]s1 = ! l>g] 0 ! troop ( adh]5ts :om he enli/$ 9 its def5ce4 ,?us *iefs1 ) family trees :i* rea*$ backw>d to ! gods1 7 9 a f> bett] position to make good _! arbitr>y int]dicts ?an m]e ord9>y mortals1 :o h>dly rememb]$ _! gr&fa!rs4 ,9 ?is z 9 o!r respects ! taboo 0 ess5tially an ari/ocratic in/itution4#c #c ,r4 ,taylor1 op4 cit4 p4 #afi4 ,,index ,abortions1 spirits (1 dread$1 #di n4#a ,adam1 ! ,hawaiian1 #cic ,adoption among ! ,m>quesans1 #cci ,aesculapius1 ! ,hawaiian1 #cih ,afiat\ca1 burial-place1 #ajb1 #ajc ,agriculture ( ,maoris1 #h sq42 ( ! ,tongans1 #ei sq42 ,samoan1 #afd sqq42 ( ! ,h]vey ,isl&]s1 #bba sq42 ( ! ,society ,isl&]s1 #bdi2 ( ! ,hawaiians1 #cgh sq4 ,air1 gods ( !1 #bgg ,aitu1 ,samoan gods embodi$ 9 visible objects1 animals1 birds1 etc41 #ahb1 #bja1 #bjg ,akaanga1 a god1 spreads a net to cat* gho/s1 #bdb1 #bdd ,akea 7,wakea71 k+ ( ! ne!r _w1 #dbg1 #dbh1 #dcj ,akua1 god1 9 ! ,hawaiian dialect1 equival5t to atua1 #cib1 #cih ,akuas1 spirits1 #dbi ,alai ,valoo1 a ,tongan god1 #gd ,alo ,alo1 a ,tongan god1 #ga sq4 ,alt>s 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #bia ,amable1 ,fa!r1 ,ca?olic mission>y1 #cfg ,ambl]1 ,engli% sailor1 #hd ,amusem5ts ( ! ,m>quesans1 #cci sqq4 ,ance/ors wor%ipp$ by ,maoris1 #cb sqq42 skulls (1 br\ght out at m>riages1 #bhh1 #caa ,ance/ral spirits wat* ov] ! liv+1 #cc2 d n foll[ _! k9sfolk among /rang]s1 #cd2 cause disease1 #di2 wor%ipp$ by ,society ,isl&]s1 #cjj1 #cae2 gu>dians ( newly w$d$ pairs1 #caa ,angas1 ,g4 ,f41 #dh n4#a ,animals1 gods 9 =m (1 #ff1 #ib sqq41 #ahb sqq42 deifi$ spirits ( m5 resid5t 91 #bbg sq42 wor%ipp$ 9 ,hawaii1 #dja sqq4 ,ano9t+ a k+ ( ,samoa1 #agg ,anuanu1 vale (1 #cgf n4#b ,ao1 titles ( *iefs 9 ,samoa1 #agb sq4 ,apolima1 ,samoan isl&1 #adi1 #aea ,app>itions dread$1 #bje1 #bag ,araia1 #bda1 #bdb ,aremauku1 />t+-place = _s-l&1 #bci ,areois1 ,society ( !1 #bei sqq4 ,arii taboo1 sacr$ *iefs1 #chg ,ariki1 sacr$ *ief1 #da2 k+1 #bbd ,a/ronomy ( prie/s1 #bic ,atua1 ! ,polynesian ^w = god or _s1 #ce1 #cf1 #cg1 #da1 #db1 #dd1 #df1 #fd n4#c1 #hi1 #bgg1 #cbb1 #cbc1 #cdh1 #cdi4 ,comp>e akua1 eatooa1 etua ,atuas1 consecrat$ fea!rs call$1 #bia2 inspir$ prie/s call$1 #bid2 great national gods1 di/+ui%$ f oramatuas tiis1 ! spirits ( dead relatives1 #cbd ,auraka1 a burial cav]n1 #bcc1 #bcg1 #bch1 #bda ,avaiki1 subt]ranean region1 home ( ! dead1 #bch1 #bci1 #bda1 #bdc1 #bdd ,axes or adzes ( /one1 #fa1 #ahj1 #bcc1 #bea1 #cce1 #chb ,ba-ila1 _! lic5ce at fun]als1 #dbe ,baessl]1 ,a41 #bba n4#a1 #bgi n4#a1 #bhe1 #bhf1 #cgd ,bag&a1 sup]/ition z to tw9s among !1 #bgj sq4 ,baldness z p5alty ( impiety1 #ie2 ! p5alty ( brea* ( taboo1 #bji sq4 ,baluba1 ( ! ,congo1 cu/oms z to tw9s among !1 #bgc ,bani%m5t ( *iefs 9 ,samoa1 #agf ,banquet+-halls ( ! ,m>quesans1 #cdc sq4 ,baptism among ! ,maoris1 #af ,b>k-clo?1 manufacture (1 #fa1 #afh1 #bbb1 #bea sq41 #ccd1 #cha2 n made 9 "t ( m\rn+1 #bcd sq4 ,b>onga1 ( ,s4,e4 ,africa1 _! sup]/itions conc]n+ tw9s1 #bfh sq4 ,b>undi1 ( ,e4 ,africa1 cu/oms z to tw9s among !1 #bgb sq4 ,ba/ian1 ,adolf1 on sun-wor%ip1 #aca n4 ,ba?+ aft] burial1 #ba2 ( k+ at in/allation1 #bee n4#a2 aft] contact ) a corpse1 #cac ,bats1 goddess inc>nate 91 #ahe2 local deity1 #aif ,bay ( ,pl5ty1 #bc ,b5nett1 ,f4 ,d41 #ccb sq41 #cei1 #cfj1 #cgb ,be/1 ,elsdon1 #f n41 #cc1 #ce ,birds1 gods inc>nate 91 #ahg sq42 sacr$1 #bbh2 small l& birds =m]ly oracul>1 #bbh2 gods 9 ! =m (1 #bgg1 #bid2 wor%ipp$ 9 ,hawaii1 #djb ,bir?1 a man's god det]m9$ at1 #bjj sq41 #bbc2 c]emonies aft] a1 #bhh ,black5$ faces 9 m\rn+1 #bca1 #bce ,blood ( *ief sacr$1 #de sq42 human1 acceptable (f]+ to deity1 #ahh2 (f]$ to ! dead1 #bji2 ( relatives (f]$ to bride at m>riage1 #bhi2 ( bride's "m (f]$ to bridegroom1 #bhi2 ( m\rn]s (f]$ to ! dead1 #cjc1 #cjd1 #caa ,bolotoo 7,boolotoo1 ,bulotu71 fabul\s isl&1 resid5ce ( ,tongan gods & ( noble dead1 #fe1 #ff1 #he1 #hf1 #hg1 #hh1 #hi sq41 #ib1 #ic1 #ih1 #ace ,bones ( ,capta9 ,cook wor%ipp$1 #cif ---- ( dead dug up1 #ba2 pa9t$ r$1 #ba2 conceal$1 #ba2 pr(an$1 #ba2 fe/ival at removal (1 #bb2 burn$1 #bc2 ( sacrificial victims n brok51 #bia2 ( fam\s m5 c>ri$ (f by enemies1 #caa2 ?r[n into volcano1 #djj2 c>ri$ ab\t by relatives1 #dai sq42 hidd5 to prev5t pr(anation1 #dbj ---- ( dead *iefs buri$ 9 temples 7morais71 #caa2 hidd5 9 caves1 #cab1 #dbj ,boolotoo ,katoa1 a ,tongan god1 #id ,borabora1 "o ( ! ,society ,isl&s1 #bdf1 #bha1 #cag ,b[s & arr[s1 unkn[n to ,maoris1 #aj2 us$ by ! ,society ,isl&]s z an amusem5t1 #beb sq42 unkn[n to ! ,m>quesans1 #cce2 f\nd among ! ,hawaiians1 #chc ,box+-mat*es 9 m\rn+1 #baa ,bran* pluck$ f sacr$ trees1 #bee n4#a ,bread-fruit ! /aple food ( ! ,society ,isl&]s1 #bdi2 ( ! ,r>otongans1 #bbb2 & ( ! ,m>quesans1 #ccc1 #ccd ,brea? ( *ief sacr$1 #de ,br5*ley1 ,j4 ,l41 #abd1 #abe n4#a ,br[n1 ,dr4 ,george1 #ef1 #afa1 #agc n4#a1 #bja1 #bjd1 #bjf n4#a1 #bab1 #bac1 #bad1 #baf n4#b1 #bah ,buffoon]y 9 m\rn+ = ! dead1 #baa ,burial1 ,maori modes (1 #bj sq42 9 h\se1 #bj1 #bg2 on a /age1 #bj1 #ba2 on a tree1 #bj sq42 secret1 #ba2 & m\rn+1 rites (1 9 ,tonga1 #acb sqq42 by night1 #dai ,burial cu/oms 9 ,samoa1 #bji sqq42 9 ! ,h]vey ,isl&s1 #bca sqq42 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #cjh sqq42 9 ! ,m>quesas1 #cef sqq42 9 ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s1 #dah sqq4 ---- gr\nd dread$1 #bg ---- places 7morais7 ( ! ,m>quesans1 #ceg sq4 ,bury+ ! s9s ( ! dead1 #cje ,busoga1 sup]/ition z to tw9s 91 #bgj ,cabri1 ,j4 ,bapti/e1 #cga ,ca91 ! ,hawaiian1 #cic ,campbell1 ,a41 #che1 #dab n4#a1 #dae1 #dai1 #dbc ,cannibalism1 #bf1 #fb1 #aeh sq42 9 ! ,h]vey ,isl&s1 #bba ,canoe-%ap$ c(f9s1 #bj1 #cec1 #cef1 #cfc ,canoes1 ,maori1 #i2 ,tongan1 #ei2 ,m>quesan1 #ccg2 provid$ = ! dead to enable !m to rea* ! _s l&1 #cfd sqq4 ,cat]pill>s1 s]vants ( owl-god1 #ahh ,caves1 bones or bodies ( dead deposit$ 91 #bb1 #bcb1 #bcc1 #bcg1 #cab1 #cbj sq41 #ceg1 #dah ,c5tip$es1 family god 91 #ahh sq42 wor%ipp$ 9 ,mangaia1 #bbh ,c]emonies1 magical1 ( ,maoris1 #ac sq42 obs]v$ at dea?1 #ai sqq42 to facilitate passage ( s\l to o!r _w1 #bd sqq41 #bi2 magical1 ( ,tongans1 #fg sq42 obs]v$ = unburi$ dead1 #bje sq42 ( m\rn+ 9 ! ,h]vey ,isl&s1 #bcd sqq42 at ! inauguration ( a k+1 #bed sq41 #bee n4#a2 ov] dead ,areoi1 #bfa2 aft] *ildbir?1 #bhh2 at m>riage1 #bhh sq42 = ! protection ( ! liv+ aga9/ gho/s1 #cje sqq4 ,see ,rites ,c]emony ( ano9t+ a k+ ( ,samoa1 #agg2 p]=m$ by p>5ts ( tw9s to f]tilise planta9s1 #bga ,*iefs desc5d$ f ! gods1 #bi2 _! s\ls immortal1 #bi2 taboo$1 #da sqq42 physical sup]iority (1 #eh sq41 #cgg sq42 ,samoan1 #aga sqq42 deifi$1 #bjd2 embalm$1 #bje2 9 ! ,m>quesas1 #cdd2 9 ,hawaii1 #chd sq4 ,*iefs' language 9 ,samoa1 #agc sqq4 ,*iefta9%ip h]$it>y 9 ,samoa1 #agf ,*ildr5 sacrific$1 #ge sq41 #ha sq4 ,*ri/ianity 9 ,tonga ,isl&s1 #fj ,circumcision1 9 ! ,tonga ,isl&s1 #ha2 9 ! ,h]vey ,isl&s1 #bbc sq42 inv5t$ by god ,rongo1 #bbd ,civil lords & sacr$ k+s 9 ,mangaia1 #bbd sq4 ,clans1 gods (1 9 animals or o!r natural objects1 #id1 #ie sq4 ,clavel1 ,dr41 #cch1 #cgd ,cockles1 god 91 #ahc2 pray]s to cockle-god1 #ahh ,coco-nuts1 god 91 #ahc2 (f]$ to ! dead1 #bcc ,c(f9s %ap$ l canoes1 #bj1 #cec1 #cef1 #cfc ,collocot1 ,e4 ,e4 ,v41 #fe n4#b1 #ic1 #id1 #if1 #ig1 #ih n4#a1 #bfg n4#b ,com$ies act$ 9 m\rn+1 #bcf ,common]s1 ! "q ( _! s\ls1 #ff1 #he ,communi/ic sy/em 9 ,samoa1 #agj sq4 ,confession ( s9s1 #ahi ,cook1 ,capta9 ,james1 #a1 #i1 #ec1 #ee1 #eg1 #ei1 #fj1 #fa n4#b1 #fc1 #ha1 #hf1 #ajj1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #ajd1 #aje1 #aaa n41 #aag1 #abc1 #abh1 #abi1 #acb1 #bdf1 #bdh1 #bdi1 #bea1 #beg1 #beh n4#e1 #bfb1 #bge1 #bgg n4#b & #d1 #bgi1 #bhj1 #bhb1 #bhc1 #bic1 #big1 #cjd1 #caj1 #cad n4#c1 #cae1 #cba1 #cbh1 #cca1 #cga1 #cge1 #cgi1 #chb1 #chc1 #cia1 #cie sq41 #djf1 #djg1 #djh ---- or ,h]vey ,isl&s1 #bai sq4 ,cook+ 9 ov5s ( hot /ones1 #bbb1 #cgi ,coral reefs1 _! =mation1 #ee sq4 ,corpses1 s5t adrift on ! sea or expos$ on /ages1 #baj2 brok5 9 pieces1 #cfb2 flay$1 #cfg sq4 ,c\rage seat$ 9 liv]1 #he ,c\s9 m>riage1 #bbc ,creation1 ,hawaiian tradition ( !1 #cic ,cremation among ! ,maoris1 #bc ,crickets1 om5s f1 #bca ,crimes1 ,tongan ideas ab\t1 #fg ,crook1 ,william ,p41 fir/ mission>y to ! ,m>quesas1 #cbh1 #cdi1 #cfa1 #cgb ,cruise1 ,r4 ,a41 #ca n4#b ,curse ( ,manaia1 #ab ,curses1 ,maori1 #ae2 ,tongan1 #fg2 ( si/]s specially dread$1 #bjg ,cu/oms obs]v$ at ! bir? ( tw9s1 #bfh sqq4 ,see ,burial cu/oms1 ,c]emonies1 ,rites ,cutt+s 9 m\rn+ = ! dead1 #ai1 #bjh sq41 #bca1 #cjb1 #cji1 #caa1 #cec2 9 ,tonga1 #acc sqq42 int5tion ( !1 #ade sq4 ,cuttle-fi%1 h\sehold god 91 #ahd2 om5s f1 #aij2 temple (1 #aie2 my? ( !1 #bjb sq42 a god 9 ,mangaia1#bbh2 my? ( ,maui & !1 #bge ,dances at ! bir? ( tw9s1 #bgj sqq42 fun]al1 #aci1 #cec sq42 ( wid[1 #cec1 #ced ,danc+ among ! ,m>quesans1 #cdj sq4 ---- -places ( ! ,m>quesans1 #cdj sq4 ,dang] ,isl&1 #bcj ,d>w91 ,*>les1 on coral reefs1 #ee ,de ,sa9son1 #aab ,d',urville1 ,j4 ,dumont1 #aa1 #eh1 #aaj1 #abc1 #ceg n4#c1 #cei n4#c1 #cgc ,dead1 disposal ( ! bodies ( ! 7,maori71 #bj sqq42 buri$ 9 sitt+ po/ure1 #bj2 spirits (1 appe> 9 dreams1 #ca1 #ia sq42 spirits ( ! dead become gods1 #ca2 taboo entail$ by contact ) !1 #ci1acg sq42 buri$ 9 morais1 #aag sqq41 #bhb sqq41 #caa2 wor%ip ( !1 9 ,samoa1 #bjd sq42 blood (f]$ to !1 #bji2 buri$ ) head to ! ea/1 #baj2 buri$ ) ! head to ! ris+ sun1 #bcb2 songs sung 9 hon\r ( !1 #bcf2 buri$ 9 sitt+ po/ure1 #bfb2 images ( spirits ( !1 #bhg sq41 #cac sq41 #cbd sq42 blood ( m\rn]s (f]$ to !1 #cjc1 #cjd1 #caa2 fe> ( ! spirits ( !1 #cjd sq42 disposal ( !1 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #cjh sqq42 s\ls ( !1 9 images1 #cac sq42 wor%ip ( !1 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #cbb sqq42 assimilat$ to deities1 #cbg2 disposal ( !1 among ! ,m>quesans1 #cef sqq42 9 ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s1 #dah sqq42 evocation ( !1 #cgj sq42 buri$ 9 cr\*+ po/ure1 #dah4 ,see ,gho/s ---- m5 deifi$1 #bgf ,dea?1 ,maori notion z to ! cause (1 #af2 /ories z to ! orig9 (1 #af sqq41 #cib2 ,maori goddess (1 #ah2 fate ( ! s\l aft]1 #bd sqq41 #he sqq41 #bac sqq41 #bch sqq41 #cac sqq41 #cfc sqq41 #dbg sqq42 ! second1 #bi2 !ories ( ! ,society ,isl&]s conc]n+1 #bii sqq42 ,m>quesan contempt =1 #ceb sq42 ,hawaiian beliefs & cu/oms conc]n+1#dag sqq4 ,dea?s caus$ by ! ang] ( ! gods or by sorc]y1 #bbi2 trac$ to ! ag5cy ( gods or sorc]]s1 #dje ,decad5ce ( magic1 #fh ,deification ( ance/ors1 #cc1 #ce2 ( k+s 9 _! lifetime1 #bee2 ( dead m51 #bgf2 ( m5 aft] dea?1 #cea sq41 #cig2 ( animals1 #djb ,deifi$ k+s1 prie/s1 & w>riors1 #bbg ---- m51 #bgf1 #cdi2 ! spirits (1resid5t 9 animals1 #bbh ---- spirits ( *iefs1 #bjd ,deities1 primaeval1 p]sonifications ( nature1 #cb1 #cd ,deity1 ,maori conception (1 #ce sq4 ,democratic _s ( ,samoans1 #aga1 #age ,desgraz1 ,c41 #aah1 #ceh1 #cgc ,despotism 9 ,hawaii1 #fc ,dieff5ba*1 ,e41 #f n4#b1 #h n41 #dh n4#a ,diet ( ! ,samoans1 #afd sq42 ( ! ,h]vey ,isl&]s1 #bbb2 ( ! ,society ,isl&]s1 #bdi2 ( ! ,m>quesans1 #ccc sq42 ( ! ,hawaiians1 #cgh sq4 ,dirges 9 ! ,h]vey ,isl&s1 #bce sq4 ,disease1 caus$ by s\ls ( ance/ors1 #di2 & dea? ascrib$ to ag5cy ( gods1 spirits1 or gho/s1 #bjf sq41 #bag2 !ories ( ! ,society ,isl&]s conc]n+1 #bii sqq42 ( ! ,m>quesans conc]n+1 #cbe4 ,see ,sickness ,disord]s1 int]nal1 suppos$ to be caus$ by entrance ( a god into ! pati5t1 #cea ,di/rict gods1 #ahb1 #ahe ,div9ation1 9 ,samoa1 #aij sq42 to detect ?ieves1 #bih1 #djf2 to asc]ta9 ! cause ( dea?1 #cja ,div9]s consult$ be=e battle1 #cig1 #dad2 ,hawaiian1 #djd sq41 #dad1 #dag ,division ( lab\r among ! ,samoans1 #aff sqq4 ,dogs1 sacr$1 #id2 om5s f1 #aij2 eat51 #cgi2 sacrific$1 #dje1 #dbf ,doobludha1 l& ( dead1 #hf ,dramatic p]=mances ( ! ,areois1 #bei sq41 #bfc1 #bff n4#d ,dream]s held 9 repute1 #cbj ,dreams1 ,maori !ories (1 #ab2 s\ls ( ! dead appe> 91 #ca1 #ia sq42 ,samoan !ory (1 #bje2 ideas ( ! ,h]vey ,isl&]s conc]n+1 #bbi2 ideas ( ! ,society ,isl&]s conc]n+1 #big sq42 s\ls ( ! dead communicate ) ! liv+ 91 #cbj1 #dbi2 ,m>quesan ideas ab\t1 #ceb2 revelations to prie/s 91 #dje1 #dbi2 ,hawaiian ideas ab\t1 #dag ,drums1 special1 beat5 aft] ! bir? ( tw9s1 #bga2 accompany+ dances1 #cdb1 #ced ,du ,petit-,?\>s1 #cgc ,duke ( ,york ,isl&1 #bab ,e>? cleft ) axes1 z a m\rn+ rite1 #bce sq42 fi%$ up f ! sea by ,maui1 #bge ,e>?quakes1 ,tongan !ory (1 #gb2 caus$ by ,maui1 #bge ,eatooas1 gods1 spirits ( ! dead1 #bgg n4#d1 #cjj1 #cbb1 #cia1 #cib1 #djb4 ,see ,atua ,eclipses1 sup]/itions z to1 #bhg ,eel-god1 #bbg ,eels sacr$1 #ie1 #ahb1 #ahd1 #ahe ,eimeo or ,moo]ea1 "o ( ! ,society ,isl&s1 #bdf1 #bff ,ella1 ,s41 #bjf n4#a1 #bab ,ellis1 ,william1 #aag1 #aah n4#a1 #bdg1 #bdi1 #bef sq41 #bfb1 #bfe n41 #bfg n4#b1 #bgf1 #bgg1 #bhd1 #bhf n4#e1 #bij n4#c1 #bib1 #bie1 #bih n4#b1 #cjh n4#a1 #caa1 #cad n4#a1 #cae1 #cai1 #cbc1 #cbg1 #dja1 #dji1 #daj1 #daa1 #dai1 #dbd1 #dbf1 #dcj1 #dca ,embalmm5t ( ! dead1 #aag1 #bje2 9 ,samoa1 #baj1 #bac2 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #cji1 #caj sqq42 9 ! ,m>quesas1 #cef sq42 9 ,hawaii1 #dah ,ersk9e1 ,j4 ,e41 #aad ,e?ical influ5ce ( ! ,tongan religion1 #adf sq4 ,etua1 a god1 #cdh4 ,comp>e ,atua ,eua1 "o ( ,tonga ,isl&s1 #eb1 #abc ,euhem]ism1 #fi ,eve1 ! ,hawaiian1 #cic ,evocation ( ! dead1 #cgj sq4 ,exogamy1 ,samoan religi\s sy/em indep5d5t (1 #bja2 9 ! ,h]vey ,isl&s1 #bbc ,exorcis]s1 #cea ,exorcism practis$ = ! heal+ ( ! sick1 #bjf sq41 #dag sq4 ,expiation = sacrilege1 #gd sqq42 = eat+ sacr$ animal1 #ahd1 #ahe ,eye1 _s or s\l ?\ght to reside 91 #db1 #dag2 ( human victim pres5t$ to k+1 #bib ,fafa1 subt]ranean abode ( ! dead1 #bae ,faka(o or ,b[dit* ,isl&1 #cid ,family gods embodi$ 9 visible objects1 #ahb sqq42 analog\s to totems1 #bjj ,fan or ,fang1 ( ,we/ ,africa1 _! sup]/ition ab\t a tw91 #bfi ,f>m]1 ,s>ah ,s41 #eg n4#a1 #fa n41 #ib1 #ig1 #aaa n4 ,fa/+ aft] a dea?1 #baj1 #cee ,fate ( ! s\l aft] dea?1 #bac sqq41 #bch sqq41 #cac sqq41 #cfc sqq41 #dbg sqq4 ,fe> ( ! dead1 its humanis+ influ5ce1 #cjj2 ( gho/s1 #cfi sq41 #dai4 ,see ,gho/s ,fea/ ( ,calaba%es1 #ced ,fea/s1 fun]al1 #add1 #cee1 #cfb sq41 #cff2 annual1 9 hon\r ( ! gods1 #ahg sq4 ,see ,fe/ivals ,fea!rs1 sacr$ r$1 #bed2 gods conjur$ into1 #bfe2 plac$ 9 images ( ! gods1 #bij sq42 call$ gods1 #bia ,female l9e1 nobility trac$ 91 #ge ,f]ry-boat = s\ls ( dead1 #bf ,f]tilis+ virtue attribut$ to tw9s1 #bfi sqq4 ,fe/ival1 great annual1 #bhi2 call$ ! rip5+ ( ! ye>1 #cbf sq4 ,fe/ivals1 ( ! ,samoans1 #ahh2 ( ! ,m>quesans1 #cda sq42 ,hawaiian1 #dad sqq4 ,see ,fea/s ,fiatooka1 place ( burial & ( wor%ip1 #ajc1 #ajd1 #aje1 #aji1 #aaf1 #abj1 #acb1 #acc ,fijian influ5ce 9 ,tonga1 #ei ,f+]s mutilat$ 9 m\rn+1 #ai2 sacrific$1 #hj sq4 ,f9[1 k+ ( ,tonga1 #gi1 #hj1 #ha1 #hb1 #ia1 #ib1 #ajc1 #aje1 #abj1 #aba1 #ace1 #acf1 #acg1 #aci1 #adj2 obsequies (1 #ace sqq4 ,f9[ ! ,second1 k+ ( ,fiji1 #ace ,fire1 ,polynesian k (1 #ef sq42 k9dl$ by friction ( wood1 #aha2 robb$ by ,ti'iti'i f ,mafuie1 #bjc2 kept up 9 h\se aft] a dea?1 #bji1 #bab2 fir/ br\ght to m5 by ,maui1 #bbf1 #bci2 hidd5 9 wood by ,mauike1 #bch2 /ick & groove me?od ( k9dl+1 inv5t$ by ,maui1 #bge1 #cce2 /ol5 by ,maui1 #cej2 fir/ giv5 to m5 by ,maui1 #cif ,fires n k9dl$ ne> h\se ( dea?1 #cee2 ext+ui%$ dur+ p]iods ( /rict taboo1 #chi ,fir/-born sons1 sacrifice (1 #hi ,fir/-fruits1 (f]+s (1 9 ,tonga1 #abb2 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #beg2 ( t>o pres5t$ to eel-god1 #ahh ,fi%1 sacrifices (1 #beg1 #bia2 human victims call$ fi%1 #bib2 wor%ipp$1 #djb2 (f]$ to %>k god1 #djb ---- hooks made out ( bones ( dead1 #ba1 #bc1 #caa sq4 ,fi%+1 modes (1 #beb1 #ccg1 #cgi ,flax cultivat$ by ,maoris1 #i ,flay+ ! dead1 cu/om (1 #cfg sq4 ,flood1 tradition ( a great1 #cic1 #cid ,fly+-foxes1 gods 91 #if2 inc>nations ( w>-god1 om5s f1 #aij ,fono1 repres5tative assembly1 p>liam5t1 #aei1 #agi ,food buri$ ) ! dead1 #bd1 #bcb2 n to be t\*$ by taboo$ p]son ) 8 h&s1 #ch1 #dd1 #de1 #acg1 #ach1 #bji1 #cab2 n eat5 9 a h\se s long z a corpse is 9 x1 #bji2 (f]$ at tomb1 #cfb ,footpr9ts 9 magic1 #ae ,=bes1 ,dr4 ,*>les1 #ab ,=/]1 ,george1 #bfb1 #bhc1 #bhg n41 #cig1 #cad1 #cca ,=/]1 ,j4 ,r41 #aag n4#a1 #bgh n4#a1 #bhg n41 #cad1 #cbc n4#a ,f\ndation sacrifices1 #bib ,f[ls br$ & eat51 #cgi ,freyc9et1 ,l4 de1 #dbc1 #dbg ,fri5dly ,isl&s4 ,see ,tonga ,fun]al dances1 #aci1 #cec sq42 fea/s1 #add1 #cee1 #cfb sq41 #cff ---- games 9 ,tonga1 #adj1 #add2 9 ! ,h]vey ,isl&s1 #bce sq4 ---- rites 9 ! ,h]vey ,isl&s1 #bca sqq4 ,futtafaihe or ,fatafehi1 family "n ( ! ,tuitongas1 #ajh1 #aji ,fytoca1 grave1 burial-place1 #fg1 #hb1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #acg1 #aci1 #ada ,g----1 ,fa!r ,ma?ias1 #cgc ,games1 fun]al1 9 hon\r ( ! dead1 #adj1 #add1 #bce2 a?letic1 at religi\s fe/ivals1 #ahh ,g>m5t1 evil magic wr\ght ?r\gh1 #fg ,g]l&1 ,g41 #bff n4#d ,gho/ p]sonat$ by prie/ or k9sman1 #cjf sqq4 ,gho/s1 fe> (1 #bg1 #ca1 #cjd sq41 #cbj sq41 #cfi sq41 #dai sq42 _! passage to ne!r _w1 #bg sq42 live on sweet potatoes1 #cj2 slay+ !1 #bcd2 j\rney+ ) ! sun1 #bci sqq42 caught 9 nets1 #bdb1 #bdd2 eat5 by ,miru1 #bdb2 driv5 away by =ce ( arms1 #cee2 food (f]$ to1 #cee1 #cef ,gill1 ,w4 ,w41 #bba n4#a1 #bbe n4#a1 #bbg1 #bbh n4#a1 #bcg1 #bch ,girdle1 sacr$1 ( k+s1 #bed ,god1 patron1 det]m9$ at bir?1 #bjj sq41 #bbc ,god-boxes1 inspir$ prie/s1 #bbh sq4 ,godless1 ! ,samoans call$1 #aha sq4 ,gods1 *iefs & prie/s desc5d$ f !1 #bi2 confus$ ) spirits ( ! dead1 #ca2 ! great ,polynesian1 #ce n42 ( ! ,maoris1 #cf sq42 ( ! ,tongans1 #fd sqq42 s\ls ( dead m5 z1 #fd sq41 #ff1 #fi1 #gj1 #hd1 #ia2 m5 desc5d$ f1 #ff2 om5s s5t by1 #fg2 9 =m ( animals1 #ff1 #ib sqq41 #ahb sqq42 ! prim>y or non-human1 ( ,tonga1 #fh sqq42 national & tribal1 ( ,tonga1 #ic sq42 temples (1 9 ,tonga1 #gc sqq41 #ii sqq42 wor%ip (1 #gi sqq42 annual fea/s 9 hon\r (1 #ahg sq42 tame1 #aia2 vegetable1 #aib2 totemic1 #bjb2 high gods1 #bjb sqq42 ! life ( !1 #bch2 puni%$1 #beg2 born ( ,night 7,po71 #beh1 #bgg2 ( ! sea1 #bgf sq42 ( ! air1 #bgg2 wor%ip ( ! gods 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #bgg sqq42 ! causes ( disease & dea?1 #bii1 #cea2 ,hawaiian1 two classes (1 #cig ,gov]nm5t1 mon>*ical & ari/ocratic1 ( ! ,tongans1 #fb sq42 democratic1 ( ,samoans1 #aga sqq42 ( ! ,society ,isl&s1 #bec2 9 ! ,m>quesas1 #cdd sq42 9 ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s1 #chc sq4 ,gr&fa!r1 s\l (1 reborn 9 gr&*ild1 #cfh sq4 ,grange1 ,j]ome1 #fj n4#e1 #aac sq4 ,gras%opp]s1 s\ls ( dead *ildr5 91 #cah ,graves1 sacr$1 #ii2 9 relation to temples1 #ii sqq42 ( ,tongan k+s1 #ajc1 #aje2 pray]s at1 #aba1 #bag2 ( great *iefs religi\sly rev]$1 #abj2 enclos$ ) /ones1 #baa2 9 ,society ,isl&s1 #cji2 9 ,hawaii1 #dah4 ,see ,tombs ,gu>dian deity1 h[ obta9$1 #cih ,gudgeon1 ,w4 ,e41 #da1 #db n4#a1 #dh n4#a ,guillem>d1 ,f4 ,h4 ,h41 #acb ,haamonga1 megali?ic monum5t 9 ,tonga1 #abe1 #abf ,haapai 7,haabai71 "o ( ! ,tonga ,isl&s1 #eb1 #ie1 #abf ,haddon1 ,a4 ,c41 #f n4#b ,hahunga1 ,maori fe/ival1 #bb ,hair cut 9 m\rn+1 #ai1 #cjc sq41 #dbjsq42 c]emonies at cutt+ !1 #dd sq42 us$ 9 evil magic1 #cjj1 #cbe1 #dje2 (f]$ by m\rn]s to ! dead1 #cjc1 #cjd2 sacrific$ to volcano1 #djj ,hale1 ,horatio1 #f n4#b1 #fc1 #bad ,h&s taboo$1 #ch1 #de1 #acg1 #ach1 #bji1 #cab1 #djd ,happahs 7,happas71 a tribe ( ,m>quesans1 #cfd1 #cfe ,h>epo1 sacr$ record]1 #bif1 #bih ,h>ris1 ,j4 ,r5del1 #bfg n4#a ,havaiki1 subt]ranean region ( ! dead1 #cfc4 ,comp>e ,avaiki ,hawaii1 #cge1 #cgf1 #cgh1 #cid1 #djj1 #djf1 #dji1 #daj1 #daa1 #dac1 #dbf1 #dbi ,hawaiian or ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 #cge sqq4 ,hawaiians or ,s&wi* ,isl&]s1 #cgg sqq4 ,hawaiki1 orig9al home ( ,maoris1 #e sq41 #bi1 #aee ,head1 sanctity ( !1 #dd1 #bab1 #chh ,heads ( dead dri$ & pres]v$1 #bc sq42 ( *iefs cut (f & buri$ sep>ately1 #bab2 ( *ildr5 m\ld$1 #bbd2 ( pigs atta*$ to bi]s1 #cee2 ( sla9 enemies kept z trophies1 #cfb ,he>t ! special seat ( ! s\l1 #he ,heav51 asc5t ( s\ls to1 #bd sqq41 #bi ,heav5ly family1 gods inc>nate 9 animals1 #bbh ,hebrew prophets1 ,r5an on !1 #adg ,heiau1 temple1 #dji1 #daj1 #daa1 #dab n4#a1 #dah ,h]]o1 ( ,s4,w4 ,africa1 cu/oms z to tw9s among !1 #bgc sq4 ,h]ons sacr$1 #ie2 om5s f1 #aij2 sup]/ition ab\t1 #bgg n4#b ,h]vey1 ,philip1 #abc1 #abe n4#a1 #abg ,h]vey or ,cook ,isl&s1 #bai sq4 ,h]vey ,isl&]s1 #bbj sqq4 ,heva1 c]emony obs]v$ aft] a dea?1 #cjf ,higgolayo1 god ( ! dead1 #hf ,hikuleo1 god ( ! dead1 #hh sq41 #ij ,h9a 7,o-,he5a71 a goddess1 p]haps ( ! moon1 #bff1 #bfg1 #bhg ,h9e-nui-te-po1 ! ,maori goddess ( dea?1 #ag sq4 ,hiro1 god ( ?ieves1 #cbf ,hivaoa 7,dom9ica71 "o ( ! ,m>quesas ,isl&s1 #cbh1 #ccg1 #cfd ,hogs1 sacrific$1 #gi2 to volcano1 #cii4 ,see ,pigs ,hol9ess & uncleanness bl5t 9 taboo1 #agc ,honolulu1 #cgf n4#b ,hos ( ,togo1 cu/oms z to tw9s among !1 #bga sq4 ,hotooas 7atuas71 gods1 #fd ,h\mis1 a tribe ( ,m>quesans1 #cdg ,h\se1 dead buri$ 91 #bj1 #bg1 #dah2 dy+ p remov$ f !1 #ci2 ab&on$ aft] a dea?1 #cef ,h\ses1 ,maori1 #h2 ,samoan1 #afc sq42 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #bej2 ( ! ,m>quesans1 #cce sqq42 ( ! ,hawaiians1 #chj sq4 ,huah9e1 "o ( ! ,society ,isl&s1 #aag1 #bdf1 #bhj1 #bhc1 #bhd1 #bhi1 #bic1 #cbf ,human sacrifices at burials1 #bd2 to ! sun1 tradition (1 #aeh2 n (f]$ by ,samoans1 #aeh2 at mak+ k+'s girdle1 #bed2 (f]$ to ,oro1 #beh sq42 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #bia sq42 (f]$ to liv+ m51 #cdi sq42 at deification ( m51 #cea sq42 at ! dea? ( *iefs & prie/s1 #cfe sqq41 #dba sq42 to %>ks1 #djb sq42 9 ,hawaii1 #dac sq41 #dba sq41 #dbe sq4 ,hun*backs ?\ght to be fav\rites ( spirits1 #aec ,hurricanes 9 ,samoa1 #aec sq4 ,idols1 ,hawaiian1 #dab sq4 ,see ,images ,ifi tree1 #gd1 #aba1 #acc1 #acg ,image ( basket-"w1 #bge sq42 wood51 ( deifi$ man1 #cih ,images ( ! gods1 #bij1 #cia sq42 9 :i* ! s\ls ( ! dead 7 suppos$ to lodge1 #bhg sq41 #cac sq41 #cbd sq42 c>ri$ to battle1 #cig2 spirits conjur$ into1 #cih2 ( ! gods1 ,hawaiian1 #daa sqq4 ,immortality1 belief 91 its effect on ! ,maoris1 #ea2 re/rict$ to *iefs & _! m9i/]s1 #he2 ( ! human s\l1 #cac4 ,see ,s\l ,incantations1 ,maori1 #ac sqq42 ( sorc]]s1 #cbe2 ,hawaiian1 #dje1 #dag ,inc>nation ( gods 9 animals1 #ahb sqq4 ,inconsi/5cy ( savage ?\ght1 #hd1 #ij sq4 ,indonesians1 #c ,infanticide1 9 ,polynesia1 #aeg2 among ! ,areois1 #bfc ,infants1 s\ls ( dead1 cause disease1 #di1 #bii ,inspiration by dr9k+ kava1 #ge1 #gg sqq42 by s\ls ( dead1 #ia2 ( ,samoan prie/s1 #aid2 ( prie/s1 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #bic sqq42 ( m5 by deities1 #cea ,inspir$ m51 #cej sqq4 ,iron 9 ,tonga1 #fa n4#b ---- tools among ! ,hawaiians1 #chb ,irrigation practis$ by ,maoris1 #i2 artificial1 9 ,hawaii1 #cgh sq4 ,j>ves1 ,j4 ,j41 #chc n4#b1 #dbe ,jaw-bones ( human victims hung 9 temple1 #beh ,jump+-(f /one ( s\ls ( ! dead1 #bad1 #bae4 ,see ,leap+-(f place ,jupit]1 ! planet1 emblem ( deifi$ *iefs1 #bjd2 ! %r9e ( a god1 #bbh ,ju/ice1 adm9i/ration (1 9 ,samoa1 #aei sq4 ,kahuna1 prie/1 #dag ,kaili4 ,see ,tairi ,kamehameha 7,tamehameha71 k+ ( ,hawaii1 #chd1 #chh1 #chi1 #djj1 #dji1 #dae1 #dbj1 #dbb1 #dbe1 #dbg1 #dcj1 #dca ,kanaloa1 a great ,hawaiian deity1 #cib1 #cic1 #cid1 #cie ,kane1 a great ,hawaiian deity1 #cib1 #cic1 #cid1 #cie1 #cih ,kaonohiokala1 eye-ball ( ! sun1 a ,hawaiian god1 #dca ,kapihe1 a prie/1 #dcj1 #dca ,kapu1 taboo1 9 ,hawaiian dialect1 #chg ,k>akakooa ,bay 9 ,hawaii1 #cia ,k>akias1 pray]s or spells 7,maori71 #cb1 #ci ,kauai1 "o ( ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 #cge ,kava z s\rce ( inspiration1 #ge1 #gh1 #bbi2 (f]$ to ! gods1 #gi1 #ahg2 (f]$ to :ales1 #ic2 (f]$ at graves1 #aba1 #bje2 drunk by ! ,m>quesans1 #ccd2 by ! ,hawaiians1 #chj ,keolakuhonua1 ! fir/ woman1 #cic ,kilauea1 volcano 9 ,hawaii1 #cge1 #cii1 #dja ,k+1 ,capta91 #cgh1 #cgi1 #che sq41 #cia1 #djb1 #djh1 #daj ,k+1 ( ,samoa1 #agf sq42 cu/oms obs]v$ on ! dea? ( a k+ 9 ,hawaii1 #dbj sqq4 ,k+ ( ,fiji1 a ,samoan family god1 #aib ,k+fi%] sacr$1 #ic2 sup]/ition ab\t1 #bgg n4#b ,k+fi%]s1 inc>nations ( w>-god1 om5s f1 #aij2 gods ( families1 villages1 or di/ricts1 embodi$ 91 #aic2 consult$ oracul>ly1 #aif ,k+s1 two1 9 ,tonga1 "o civil1 ! o!r religi\s1 #fb sq42 ! prie/s or m\?pieces ( a god1 #bbd2 sacr$1 9 ! ,h]vey ,isl&s1 #bbd sq42 prim>y & second>y1 9 ,mangaia1 #bbe2 z gods or desc5d$ f gods 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #bec sq42 z high-prie/s1 #bec1 #bee2 9 ,hawaii1 #chc sq4 ,k+%ip1 d\ble1 #fc ,kit*51 dy+ *ief c>ri$ into !1 #hb ,koreamoku1 a deifi$ man1 #cih ,kotzebue1 ,o4 von1 #che n4#d1 #chh sq41 #daf ,kpelle1 ( ,lib]ia1 _! sup]/itions ab\t tw9s1 #bfi1 #bgd ,krus5/]n1 ,a4 ,j4 von1 #cdf1 #cdh1 #cfb1 #cga1 #cgb ,ku1 a great ,hawaiian deity1 #cib1 #cic ,kuahairo1 a ,hawaiian god1 #dca ,kumuhonua1 ! fir/ man1 #cic ,la ,p]\se1 #adi ,labill>di]e1 #ha ,langsdorff1 ,g4 ,h4 von1 #aah1 #cda1 #cea n4#b1 #cga1 #cgb ,language1 ,polynesian1 #b2 special =m (1 us$ 9 speak+ ( *iefs1 #agc sqq4 ,leap+-(f place = s\ls ( dead1 #bg1 #bda4 ,see ,jump+-(f /one ,leew>d ,isl&s1 #bdf1 #cai ,lifuka 7,lefooga71 "o ( ! ,tonga ,isl&s1 #eb1 #gc1 #aji ,lightn+1 om5s f1 #aia ,lipolipo1 k+ ( ,hawaii1 #chi sq41 #dbg ,lisiansky1 ,u41 #cch1 #cff sq41 #cfh sq41 #cga1 #cgb1 #daa1 #dab1 #dad1 #dba1 #dbb1 #dbc ,litany *ant$ aft] a dea?1 #cee ,liturgies1 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #bif ,liturgy1 anci5t ,hawaiian1 #cid ,liv]1 ! seat ( c\rage1 #he2 a disease (1 attribut$ to brea* ( taboo1 #gf sq42 ( pig a god1 #ih ,liz>d1 ! tempt] 9 ! =m ( a1 #cic ,liz>ds fe>$ z causes ( disease1 #ej2 gods 91 #ff1 #ib1 #id1 #if1 #ahb1 #bbg1 #bbh2 om5s f1 #aij ,lono 7,rono71 a great ,hawaiian deity1 ! equival5t ( ,rongo1 #cib1 #cic1 #cie2 ,capta9 ,cook id5tifi$ )1 #cif ,"l ( ,mangaia1 #bbd ,lucif]1 ! ,hawaiian1 #cic ,macahity1 a ,hawaiian fe/ival1 #dad sqq4 ,mafanga1 burial-place ( *iefs 9 ,tongataboo1 #abj1 #aba ,mafuie1 god ( e>?quakes1 #bjc ,magic1 among ! ,maoris1 #ac sqq42 among ! ,tongans1 #fh2 black1 n practis$ 9 ,samoa1 #afa2 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #cjj1 #cbe sq42 9 ,hawaii1 #dje sq4 ,see ,sorc]]s ,magicians 7,maori71 #ac sqq4 ,mahoike1 god ( ! inf]nal regions1 orig9al possessor ( fire1 #cej ,mah\i1 a god1 app>5tly id5tical ) ,maui1 #bff n4#d1 #bhf n4#e ,maitea1 "o ( ! ,society ,isl&s1 #bdf ,malays1 h[ relat$ to ! ,polynesians1 #b sqq4 ,man1 ! creation (1 #cic ,mana1 #db ,manaia1 #ac1 #bc ,mangaia1 "o ( ! ,h]vey ,isl&s1 #bai1 #bbj1 #bba1 #bbb1 #bbd1 #bbe1 #bbh1 #bcb1 #bcc1 #bcg1 #bch1 #bci1 #bdj1 #bdd ,manona1 ,samoan isl&1 #adi ,manua1 gr\p ( ,samoan isl&s1 #adi1 #aee1 #aeh1 #afb1 #bae ,maoris1 #e sqq42 _! culture1 #h sqq42 beliefs conc]n+ ! s\ls ( ! liv+1 #aj sqq42 beliefs conc]n+ ! s\ls ( ! dead1 #ai sqq42 _! notion z to ! cause ( dea?1 #af2 _! /ory ( ! orig9 ( dea?1 #af sqq42 m\rn+1 #ai sq42 disposal ( ! dead1 #bj sqq42 _! conception ( deity1 #ce sq42 taboo among !1 #cg sqq41 #dcb ,mapuhanui1 a ,m>quesan god1 #cfh ,m>ae4 ,see ,morai ,m>ae1 a sacr$ grove1 #bbe n4#c1 #bdj1 #bda ,m>ai4 ,see ,morai ,m>*&1 ,capta9 ,e41 #ceh n4#f1 #cga ,m>cuse1 ,a41 #cic ,m>9]1 ,william1 #fb1 #fd1 #fg1 #gj1 #ga1 #gc1 #gd1 #ge1 #gf1 #gh sq41 #hj1 #hb1 #hc1 #hf1 #ij1 #ia1 #ib1 #ic1 #ig1 #ih n41 #ii1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #aaj n4#a1 #abg1 #ace1 #acf1 #ach1 #ada1 #adb1 #adc ,m>quesan isl&]s1 #cca sqq4 ,m>quesas ,isl&s1 #cbh sqq42 morais 7m>ais7 9 !1 #aaf sqq4 ,m>riage rites1 #bhh sq41 #caa ,m>t91 ,john1 #fd ,m>uiwi1 primitive inhabitants ( ,new ,zeal&1 #h ,mask worn by an actor p]sonify+ a gho/1 #cjf ,masons 9 ,tonga1 #abg ,matabooles1 m9i/] ( ,tongan nobles1 #fe1 #ff1 #gd1 #he1 #gf1 #gg1 #gi1 #he1 #hg1 #aba1 #acf1 #aci ,mateialona1 ,gov]nor ( ,haapai1 #abf ,mats1 f9e ,samoan1 #afh sq42 ,hawaiian1 #cha sq4 ,maui1 my?ical ,polynesian h]o1 #bff n4#d2 8 conte/ ) ! goddess ( dea?1 #af sqq42 said to h drawn up ! ,tongan ,isl&s on a fi%-hook1 #gb2 puts god ,hikuleo 9 durance1 #hh2 said to h br\ght great /ones f ,uea1 #abe2 a k9d ( ,polynesian ,h]cules1 #abf2 br\ght fire to m51 #bbf1 #bci2 8 exploits1 #bge1 #bhg n41 #cif2 8 image1 #bge sq42 /eals fire f ,mahoike1 #cej ---- "o ( ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 #cge1 #dbi ---- ,atalanga1 my?ical fir/ own] ( fire1 #eg ---- ,kijikiji1 ! ,polynesian ,prome!us1 #eg ,mauike1 ! fire-god1 #bbf1 #bch1 #bci ,mauna ,kea1 m\nta9 9 ,hawaii1 #cgf ---- ,loa1 volcano 9 ,hawaii1 #cge1 #cgf ,mausoleum ( ! k+s ( ,hawaii1 #dbf ,m$ic9e1 ! ,hawaiian god (1 #cih ,megali?ic monum5ts ( ! ,tooitongas1 #aai2 9 ! ,pacific1 ,dr4 ,riv]s's !ory z to1 #aai2 ( ! ,tongans1 #abc2 9 ,lefooga 7,lifuka71 #abh sq42 _! suppos$ relation to sun-wor%ip1 #bff n4#d2 9 ! ,m>quesas1 #cfj sq4 ,megali?ic tombs1 #aai1 #abc1 #acb ,me9icke1 ,c4 ,e41 #aah n4#b ,melanesian blood1 admixture (1 9 ! ,h]vey ,isl&s1 #bba ---- type1 #f2 population ( ,new ,zeal&1 #f sq4 ---- totemism1 #bah ,melanesians1 n[ relat$ to ,polynesians1 #b sq42 magic among !1 #afa2 %am-fights at fun]als among !1 #bab ,melville1 ,h]mann1 #ccj1 #ccb1 #ccc1 #cch1 #ced1 #ceg n4#c1 #cfj sq41 #cfa sq41 #cgc ,m5 deifi$ 9 _! lifetime1 #cdi2 deifi$ aft] dea?1 #cea sq41 #cig ,metals unkn[n to ! ,polynesians1 #fa1 #bbb1 #bej1 #cce ,metempsy*osis1 !ory t ,melanesian totemism has be5 develop$ out (1 #bah ,milu 7,miru71 k+ ( ! ne!r _w1 #dbg1 #dbh1 #dbi1 #dcj4 ,see ,miru ----1 a rebel _s1 #cib ,m9/rels1 w&]+1 9 ! ,m>quesas1 #cdb ,miru1 k+ ( ! ne!r _w1 #dbg2 goddess ( hell or ( ! dead1 #dbh n4#a2 ! ,hades ( ! ,s&wi* ,isl&]s1 #dca4 ,see ,milu ----1 an inf]nal hag1 dev\rs gho/s1 #bdb ,mo]5h\t1 ,j4 ,a41 #aah1 #bfc n4#b1 #bfd n4#c1 #bff n4#d1 #bhd1 #bhf n4#e1 #big1 #cjh n4#a ,mon>*y1 absolute1 9 ,hawaii1 #chc ,mooa1 old capital ( ,tongataboo1 #ajf1 #ajh1 #aaa1 #aab ,mooas1 middle-class 9 ,tonga1 #ff1 #he ,moomooe 7,moomooi71 k+ ( ,tonga1 #hc1 #ia1 #ajh1 #acc1 #ada1 #ade ,moon1 family god 91 #aib2 tradition ( sacrifice to !1 #cid2 fe/ival ( ! new1 #dad ,moon-goddess1 #bfg1 #bhg n4 ,mo'ooi 7,maui71 ,tongan god1 #gb ,morai 7m>ai1 m>ae71 burial-place1 temple1 #ajc1 #aaf1 #aag1 #aah1 #aai2 dead buri$ 91 #aag sqq41 #bhb sqq42 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #bgh sqq4 ,morais1 bones ( dead *iefs buri$ 91 #caa2 burial-places1 #ceg sq41 #cfa sq42 mummies deposit$ 91 #ceg2 9 ,hawaii1 #cia1 #djf sqq42 dead *iefs buri$ 91 #djg sq4 ,morality re9=c$ by sup]/iti\s t]rors1 #hc2 n influ5c$ by religion1 #cah ,mortality ( s\ls ( common]s1 #ff1 #he ,motoro1 a great god 9 ! ,h]vey ,isl&s1 #bda ,m\rn+ = dea? ( div9e owl1 #ahf sq4 ---- cu/oms ( ,maoris1 #ai sq42 9 ,tonga1 #acb sqq42 9 ,samoa1 #bjh sq42 9 ! ,h]vey ,isl&s1 #bca2 among ! ,society ,isl&s1 #cja sqq42 ( ! ,m>quesans1 #cec sqq42 9 ,hawaii1 #dbj sqq4 ,m\? & no/rils ( dy+ /opp$ to prev5t ! escape ( ! s\l1 #ceb ,mueu1 a female demon ( dea?1 #bce ,mukasa1 great god ( ! ,bag&a1 #bgj ,mullets sacr$1 #ie1 #ahd ,mummies kept 9 ! h\se or deposit$ 9 a morai1 #ceg ,muru1 a god1 spreads a net to cat* gho/s1 #bdd ,my?ology ( ! ,society ,isl&]s1 #beg sq41 #bgg2 ( ! ,m>quesans1 #cdh sqq4 ,nails1 p>+s (1 us$ 9 evil magic1 #cbe1 #dje ,names ( relatives *ang$ aft] a dea?1 #bcc2 ( k+s sacr$1 #bed2 new1 giv5 at admission to ! ,society ( ! ,areois1 #bfa2 ex*ange (1 #cci ,namuka1 "o ( ! ,tonga ,isl&s1 #eb ,nature1 p]sonifications (1 #cb1 #cd2 wor%ip (1 #ic ,necromancy among ! ,maoris1 #cj sq4 ,negritoes1 #c ,net to cat* gho/s1 #bdb1 #bdd ,new ,zeal&1 ! ,maoris (1 #e sqq42 ,melanesian population (1 #f sq4 ,neyra1 ,alv>o ,m5dana de1 #cbh ,ngati-apa1 a ,maori tribe1 #bc ,ni*olas1 ,j4 ,l41 #af n4#c ,night1 or ! primaeval d>kness 7,po71 #beh1 #bgf1 #bgg1 #bih n4#a1 #cje1 #cae1 #cbc1 #cic1 #cig1 #dbg2 burials by1 #dai ,nightm>e caus$ by a gho/1 #dai ,noa1 common1 #ch1 #ci1 #dj2 g5]al1 z oppos$ to taboo1 sacr$1 #chh ,noah1 ! ,hawaiian1 #cic1 #cid ,nobility trac$ 9 female l9e 9 ,tonga1 #ge ,nobles1 s\ls ( dead1 z gods1 #fd1 #ff1 #hd1 #ia ,nor? ,cape ( ,new ,zeal&1 place ( dep>ture = s\ls ( ! dead1 #bg1 #bh1 #cj ,nukahiva1 "o ( ! ,m>quesas ,isl&s1 #cbh1 #ccg1 #cej1 #ceb1 #cfj1 #cfa1 #cfd1 #cfh1 #cga1 #cgb ,nuu1 ! ,hawaiian ,noah1 #cic1 #cid ,o-,he5a1 a goddess1 #bhg n4 ,see ,h9a ,o-rongo1 9 ,mangaia1 #bbe ,oahu1 "o ( ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 #cge1 #cgf n4#b1 #che1 #cie1 #daa1 #dbi ,obsequies ( k+s & *iefs 9 ,tonga1 #acc sqq42 ( ! ,tooitongas1 #adj sqq42 ( ,samoan *iefs1 #baa sq42 ( *iefs1 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #cjc ,octopus1 god 91 #ie1 #if1 #ahc ,(f]+s to gods1 #gi2 to ,samoan deities1 #ahg1 #ahh1 #ahi2 to prie/s1 #aie2 to ! dead1 #caa2 ( food at tombs1 #cfb2 to volcanic goddess1 #dja4 ,see ,sacrifices ,om5s s5t by gods1 #fg2 f sacr$ birds1 animals1 or fi%1 #ahi sq42 f sacrificial victims1 cl\ds1 & ra9b[1 #cig1 #dad ,opoa1 metropolis ( idolatry 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #bee1 #beh1 #bei1 #bhi ,oracles deliv]$ by prie/s1 #bie2 giv5 by prie/s 9 ! "n ( gods1 #djd ,oramatuas or oromatuas1 wor%ipful spirits ( dep>t$ relatives1 #bgg1 #bii1 #cbc sq42 sacr$ fea!rs call$1 #bia ,orig9 ( ,samoan gods ( families1 villages1 & di/ricts1 #bjj sqq4 ,oro1 w>-god 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #bee1 #bee n4#a1 #beh1 #bei1 #bfa1 #bfc1 #bfe1 #bff1 #bhi1 #bie1 #cae1 #cbf ,orono1 head ( a prie/ly ord] 9 ,hawaii1 #cia ,orotetefa1 patron deity ( ! ,areoi ,society1 #bfc1 #bfe1 #bfg ,ov5s1 s\ls ( dead 91 #bf sq42 ( hot /ones1 #bbb1 #cgi ,owl god1 fe/ival (1 #ahh2 kept tame1 #aia ,owls sacr$1 #ie1 #ahb2 m\rn+ = dead1 #ahf sq42 om5s f1 #aij ,pan!on recruit$ by dead m51 #ih ,papa1 goddess ( e>?1 #cd n4#b2 wife ( ,vatea1 #bbf ,papatea1 my?ical isl&1 #aeh ,papo1 ,samoan w>-god1 #ahf ,p>adise ( ! ,society ,isl&]s1 #cai1 #cbg ,p>liam5t>y =m ( gov]nm5t 9 ,samoa1 #agi sq4 ,pas1 ,maori =ts1 #h n4#c ,pele1 goddess ( ! volcano ,kilauea 9 ,hawaii1 #cii sqq4 ,p]sonifications ( nature1 #cb1 #cd2 ( gho/ by an actor1 #cjf ,pi$ fantail 9 ,maori /ory ( orig9 ( dea?1 #ah sq4 ,pigeons1 div9e1 #ahd2 kept tame1 #aia ,pigs' liv] a god1 #if ,pigs (f]$ to ! dead1 #bca2 sacrific$1 #bfd1 #bfe1 #bia2 = recov]y ( sick1 #cea2 to ! dead1 #cfh4 ,see ,hogs ,planets1 ! %r9e ( a god1 #bbh ,pleiades1 emblems ( deifi$ *iefs1 #bjd ,po1 region ( dep>t$ s\ls 7,maori71 #bg ,po1 ,night or ! primaeval d>kness1 ! abode ( ! gods & ( ! dead1 #beh1 #bgg1 #bih n4#a1 #cje1 #cjh1 #cae1 #caf1 #cag1 #cbc1 #cic1 #cig1 #dbg ,pollution caus$ by dea?1 #cab sq41 #dbg ,polack1 ,j4 ,s41 #g n4#a ,poly&ry among ! ,m>quesans1 #ccg sq4 ,polygamy 9 ! ,h]vey ,isl&s1 #bbc ,polynesians1 #a sqq42 _! orig9 & language1 #b sqq42 mode ( life1 #d2 disp]sal f ,savaii 7,hawaiki71 #f1 #aed sq42 or f ,tonga1 #ef2 _! k ( fire1 #ef sq42 ignorant ( metals1 #fa1 #bej ,poly!ism develop$ out ( totemism1 #id ,porpoises1 gods 91 #ff1 #ib ,port]1 ,capta9 ,david1 #ccj1 #ccb1 #cdd n4#a1 #cej1 #cec1 #ceg n4#c1 #cfb1 #cfd sq41 #cgb ,pott]y unkn[n to ! ,samoans1 #aha ,pray]s to ! gods1 #gi2 to ! dead1 #aba2 to animal gods1 #ahb2 = temporal b5efits1 #ahi2 be=e go+ to w>1 #ahi2 = ! dy+1 #bjh2 (f]$ to s\ls ( dead relatives at _! graves1 #bag2 rhy?mical & anci5t1 #bbe2 (f]$ to k+s1 #bee2 ( ! ,society ,isl&]s1 #beg2 = ! recov]y ( ! sick1 #beg1 #cih2 to ,oro1 #bfa2 liturgical1 #bie sq42 ov] ! dead1 #caj2 = ! dead1 #cah2 at temples1 #cbg2 be=e battle1 #cig ,pray+ p1 sorc]]s1 #bbi ,pres5ts br\ght to dy+ p1 #bjg sq4 ,prie/ess claim+ to p]sonify goddess1 #dja ,prie/s practise en*antm5ts1 #ac sq42 desc5d$ f ! gods1 #bi2 _! s\ls immortal1 #bi2 summon up spirits ( dead1 #ca2 ,tongan1 _! inspiration1 #gg sqq42 ,samoan1 #aib sq42 inspir$1 #aid2 consult$ z to cause ( sickness1 #bjg2 inspir$1 call$ god-boxes1 #bbh sq42 speak+ 9 "n ( gods1 #beh1 #bic sqq42 ( %>k gods1 #bgf2 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #bib sqq42 inspir$ by %>ks1 #djc2 ,hawaiian1 #djd ,prop]ty buri$ ) ! dead1 #bj1 #adj sq41 #baa1 #bcb sq42 private1 9 relation to taboo1 #dg sq42 rights (1 9 ,samoa1 #afi sqq4 ,pro/itution1 g5]al1 ( wom5 at ! dea? ( a great *ief1 #dbc ,pukapuka1 ,dang] ,isl&1 #bcj ,pulotu1 ,samoan "n = abode ( ! dead & ( ! gods1 #bjd1 #bje1 #bad1 #baf1 #bag4 ,comp>e ,bolotoo ,puni%m5ts 9 ,samoa1 #aei sq4 ,purification ( k+ at in/allation1 #bee n4#a2 ( l& aft] defilem5t1 #bhg sq42 aft] contact ) ! dead1 #baj1 #cac2 ( ! s\ls ( ! dead1 #caf ,pyramidal tombs1 #aae ,pyramidical temples ( ,tahiti & ! ,m>quesas1 #aai ,pyramids1 /epp$ or t]rac$1 #aaf1 #aag1 #bgh sqq42 ( /one1 /epp$ or t]rac$1 9 ,hawaii1 #djh sqq4 ,quiros1 ,f]n&ez de1 #bdf ,ra1 ! sun-god1 caught by ,maui 9 nooses1 #bbf ,radiguet1 ,m41 #cch1 #cda1 #ceg n4#a1 #ceh1 #cgc ,raiatea1 "o ( ! ,society ,isl&s1 #bdf1 #bee1 #beh1 #bei1 #bff1 #bhi1 #cae1 #cag1 #cah1 #cai ,rail-bird sacr$1 #ie2 om5s f1 #aij ,ra9b[ wor%ipp$1 #ic1 #ahb2 om5s f1 #aia1 #cig2 emblem ( deifi$ *iefs1 #bjd sq42 sup]/itions ab\t1 #bfg1 #bfi ,rangatira1 g5tleman1 #dc1 #dd2 l&[n]s1 #bbd ,rangi1 god ( sky1 #cd n4#b ,r>otonga1 "o ( ! ,h]vey ,isl&s1 #bai1 #bba1 #bbb1 #bbd1 #bbf1 #bbh1 #bcb1 #bdc1 #bdd ,raupa1 a burial cave1 #bcg ,record]s1 sacr$1 #bie sq41 #bih ,r$1 bones ( dead pa9t$1 #ba2 taboo$1 #bbg2 fea!rs reg>d$ z div9e1 #bij sq4 ---- ,cave1 #bci1 #bdj ,re9c>nation ( ! dead1 #cfh sq4 ,re+a1 leap+-(f place ( s\ls 7,maori71 #bg ,religion ( ,maoris conc5trat$ on wor%ip ( dead k9sfolk1 #cd2 homog5eity ( ,polynesian1 #ce n42 ! ,tongan1 #fd sqq42 e?ical influ5ce ( ! ,tongan1 #adf sq42 ( ! ,samoans1 #aha sqq42 ( ! ,h]vey ,isl&]s1 #bbe sqq42 e>ly /age (1 #bbf2 ( ! ,society ,isl&]s1 #bef sqq42 )\t influ5ce on morality1 #cah2 ( ! ,m>quesans1 #cdh sqq42 ( ! ,hawaiians1 #cij sqq4 ,remy1 ,j41 #dab n4#a1 #dae n4#a ,r5an1 ,erne/1 on ! ,hebrew prophets1 #adg ,respect = *iefs 9 ,samoa1 #aga sqq4 ,resurrection ( ! dead1 ,hawaiian notions ab\t !1 #dcj sq4 ,rew>ds1 po/hum\s1 no belief 91 #fg1 #adf ,rhodesia1 ,nor!rn1 belief z to "m ( tw9s 91 #bfi ,rib ( ! fir/ man1 ! fir/ woman creat$ out ( !1 #cic sq4 ,rites1 ( burial & m\rn+ 9 ,tonga1 #acb sqq42 fun]al1 9 ! ,h]vey ,isl&s1 #bca sqq42 religi\s1 ( ! ,society ,isl&]s1 #beg2 ( purification1 #bhh4 ,see ,c]emonies ,riv] ( ! ,wat] ( ,life 7,maori71 #bh2 9 ! ne!r _w1 #baf ,riv]s1 ,w4 ,h4 ,r41 #d n4#a1 #aai1 #abd n4#a1 #abh1 #bjb1 #bah1 #bff n4#d ,rob]ts1 ,e41 #cga ,rohutu1 ! abode ( ! dead1 #cai sq41 #cbg ,rongo1 god ( peace & agriculture1 #ce n42 a great ,polynesian god1 #bbd1 #bbe1 #bbf1 #cib1 #cie2 8 sacr$ /ream & grove1 #bdj1 #bda2 god1 inv5tor ( circumcision1 #bbd ,rono1 a great ,hawaiian god1 #djd1 #daf4 ,see ,lono ,roscoe1 ,j41 #bga ,r\tl$ge1 ,s4 & ,k41 #bgi n4#a ,ruahatu1 a sea-god1 #bgf ,sa-le-,fe'e1 ! ,samoan ,t>t>us1 #baf ,sacr$ness ( *iefs1 #agb sqq4 ,sacrifice ( *ildr51 #ge sq41 #ha sq42 ( hogs1 #gi2 ( f+]s1 #hj2 ( fir/-born sons1 #hi2 z magical1 #hc2 ( pigs to ! dead1 #cfh2 ( hogs to volcano1 #cii ,sacrifices 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #bia sq42 ( pigs = ! recov]y ( ! sick1 #cea4 ,see ,human sacrifices ,sacrilege1 #fg2 its expiation1 #gd sqq41 #ahc sqq4 ,samoa1 g5]al "n = ! gr\p ( isl&s1 #adh2 orig9al seat ( ,polynesian race1 #aed ,samoan ,isl&s1 #adh sqq42 volcanic activity 91 #aea sq42 climate1 #aeb sqq4 ---- ,isl&]s1 _! appe>ance & "*1 #aef sqq42 h\ses1 agriculture1 & indu/ries1 #afc sqq42 rights ( prop]ty1 #afi sqq42 gov]nm5t1 #aga sqq42 religion1 #aha sqq4 ---- wor%ip ( natural objects1 #ic1 #if sq42 ( animals & o!r natural objects develop$ out ( totemism1 #bjj sqq41 #bah ,sanctity ( k+s 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #bec sq42 ( prie/ ( ,tani 7,tane71 #bic ,sanctu>ies = crim9als1 #bhb ,s&wi* or ,hawaiian ,isl&s1 #cge sqq4 ,s&wi* ,isl&]s1 #cgg sqq42 _! f\r *ief gods1 #ce n4 ,saturnalia at ! dea? ( a k+ or high *ief 9 ,hawaii1 #dba sqq4 ,savage ?\ght inconsi/5t1 #hd1 #ij sq4 ,savages n addict$ to sun-wor%ip1 #aca ,savaii1 "o ( ! ,samoan isl&s1 c5tre ( ,polynesian disp]sion1 #f1 #adh sq41 #aej sq41 #aed sq41 #aib1 #aie1 #bjb1 #bae ,saveasiuleo1 ! k+ ( ! l[] regions1 #baf sq4 ,scalps ( sla9 foes tak51 #afb ,sea1 gods ( !1 #bgf sq4 ---- eels sacr$1 #ic1 #id1 #ahe ---- gull sacr$1 #ic ---- -snake z god1 #ahe ---- -ur*91 family god 91 #ahc ,second dea?1 #bi ,secret burial1 #ba ,semites sacrifice fir/-born sons1 #hi ,s]fdom1 alleg$1 9 ,hawaii1 #che ,%ad[1 s\l associat$ )1 #bje sq4 ,%am fights at obsequies ( ,samoan *iefs1 #baa1 #bab2 at ,melanesian fun]als1 #bab2 aft] a dea?1 #bcd1 #bce1 #bcf1 #cjc ,%>k-gods1 #bbg1 #bgf ,%>k's tee?1 om5s f1 #aia ,%>ks z m9i/]s ( ju/ice1 #gg2 gods 91 #if1 #ahb2 sacr$1 #ic2 /ill-born *ildr5 turn$ into1 #cih1 #djc2 wor%ipp$ 9 ,hawaii1 #djb sqq4 ,%ells 7,murex namoces7 9 :i* ! s\ls ( ! dead 7 suppos$ to lodge1 #cbe ,%ortl&1 ,e41 #f n4#b ,sick p c>ri$ to temple1 #aie ,sickness suppos$ to be caus$ by evil spirits1 #dag4 ,see ,disease ,s9net t5ant$ by a god1 #bbh ,s9s ( ! dead buri$ 9 a hole1 #cje ,si/]s1 curses (1 specially dread$1 #bjg ,sk9s ( ! dead pres]v$ z relics1 #cfg ,skulls ( dead kept 9 h\ses1 #aah2 ( ance/ors kept 9 temple or h\se1 #bhh1 #caa2 ( dead rul]s wor%ipp$1 #cbd2 ( dead hidd5 9 caves1 #ceg ,sky rais$ by ,maui1 #bbf1 #bge ,slaves kill$ to accompany _! dead lords1 #bd2 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #bec ,slay+ ! gho/s1 #bcd ,smi?1 ,e4 ,w4 & ,dale1 ,a4 ,m41 #dbe ----1 ,s4 ,p]cy1 #aee ,snakes1 wat]1 gods 91 #ff1 #ib ,sneez+1 ,h]vey ,isl&]s' !ory (1 #bbi ,social ranks 9 ,samoa1 #aga sqq42 9 ,r>otonga1 #bbd2 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #bec2 among ! ,m>quesans1 #cdd2 9 ,hawaii1 #chc sqq4 ,society ,isl&]s1 #bdh sqq4 ,society ,isl&s1 #bdf sqq4 ,songs 9 hon\r ( ! dead1 #bcf4 ,see ,dirges ,sorc]]s 7,maori71 #ac sqq42 disease & dea? ascrib$ to arts (1 #cjj1 #cbe sq42 ,hawaiian1 #dje4 ,see ,magic ,s\l1 ,maori ideas conc]n+ !1 #aj sqq42 z %ad[1 #aa2 z brea?1 #aa2 dep>ture ( s\l f body1 #ab sqq42 its fate aft] dea?1 #bd sqq41 #ff1 #hf sqq41 #bac sqq41 #bch sqq41 #cac sq41 #dbg sqq42 survival (1 #bd2 asc5t to heav51 #bd sqq41 #bi2 ,tongan !ory (1 #ff1 #hd sqq42 ,samoan belief conc]n+ !1 #bje sq42 associat$ ) %ad[1 #bje sq42 ( ! same %ape z body1 #bje2 belief ( ! ,society ,isl&]s conc]n+ !1 #big sqq42 beliefs ( ! ,h]vey ,isl&]s conc]n+ !1 #bbi sqq42 beliefs ( ! ,m>quesans conc]n+ !1 #ceb2 ,hawaiian beliefs conc]n+ !1 #dag ,s\ls ( common]s mortal1 #bi2 s\ls ( *iefs & prie/s immortal1 #bi2 ( ! dead appe> 9 dreams1 #ca1 #ia sq42 ( ance/ors cause disease1 #di2 ( dead infants cause disease1 #di1 #bii2 ( dead nobles z gods1 #fd sq41 #ff1 #hd1 #ia2 ( dead m5 z gods1 #fd1 #ff1 #fi1 #he1 #ia1 #cea sq41 #cig2 ( ,tongan common]s mortal1 #ff1 #he2 caught 9 traps1 #bcj sq42 leap+-place (1 #bg1 #bda2 ascrib$ to animals1 trees1 & /ones1 #big2 ( ! dead eat5 by ! gods1 #cae1 #dbg2 ( *ildr5 suppos$ to transmigrate into %>ks1 #djc ,spells 7,maori71 #ac sqq4 ,sp5c]1 ,h]b]t1 8 !ory t temples are d]iv$ f tombs1 #ajj ,_s _w1 ,maori ideas (1 #bi sq4 ,spirits ( ! dead become gods1 #ca sq42 ?reat5$1 #bjh4 ,see ,gods1 ,s\ls ,spittle us$ 9 magic1 #ae1 #cjj1 #cbe1 #dje2 collect$ to prev5t its use 9 magic1 #dje sq4 ,/air1 ,j4 ,b41 #aeb1 #agc n4#a1 #bjc n4#b1 #bjf n4#a ,/>1 %oot+1 wor%ipp$1 #ic ,/>s obs]v$ by ! ,samoans1 #afa ,/]ndale1 ,h4 ,b41 #aig1 #aih1 #aii ,/ew>t1 ,c4 ,s41 #aeg n4#g1 #ccg sq41 #cdj sq41 #cdd n4#a1 #cdh sq41 #cdi sq41 #ceh1 #cgb1 #cgg1 #dbd ,/ick-&-groove mode ( k9dl+ fire1 #aha ,/ilts1 rac+ or combat+ on1 #cci sq4 ,/++ ray fi%1 div9e1 #ahd1 #ahe2 taboo to "s ,m>quesans1 #cdg ,/one-cutt+ 9 ,tonga1 craft (1 #abg ,/one monum5ts 9 ,samoa1 #aig sqq4 ,/one temple1 ru9s (1 9 ,samoa1 #aif sq4 ,/one tools & weapons1 #aj1 #fa1 #ahj1 #bej sq41 #cce1 #chb2 9 ,tonga1 #fa2 9 ,samoa1 #ahj ,/oneh5ge1 trili?ons at1 #abc1 #abi1 #acj ,/ones wor%ipp$1 #ahb1 #ahg2 pil$ on graves to prev5t ! dead f ris+1 #bcb ,succession ( elde/ sons at _! bir?1 #bee sq4 ,sug>-cane cultivat$1 #cgi ,suicides1 _! fate aft] dea?1 #cfc ,sun1 suppos$ secret wor%ip ( !1 9 ! ,pacific1 #aai2 ,/oneh5ge suppos$ by "s to be a temple ( !1 #acj2 ,tongans n wor%ipp]s ( !1 #aca2 tradition ( human sacrifices to1 #aeh2 n wor%ipp$ 9 ,samoa1 #aib2 gho/s j\rney+ ) !1 #bci sqq42 caught & /opp$ by ,maui1 #bge1 #bhg n41 #cif2 n wor%ipp$ by ! ,society ,isl&]s1 #bhf2 s\ls ( ! dead ga!r 9 !1 #cbj ,sun god caught by ,maui1 #bbf2 suppos$ wor%ip (1 #bff1 #bhf n4#e ,sun wor%ip1 savages n addict$ to1 #aca ,sun-dri$ gods1 title appli$ to embalm$ bodies ( *iefs1 #bje ,sup]/iti\s t]rors re9=ce morality1 #hc ,ta>oa 7,t>oa71 a great god1 #bee n4#a1 #beh1 #bff1 #bfg1 #bgf1 #bhg n42 supreme god ( ,polynesia1 #bij4 ,comp>e ,tan>oa1 ,tangaloa1 ,tang>oa ,taboo 7tapu7 among ! ,maoris1 #cb1 #cd1 #cg sqq41 #dcb2 contract$ by contact ) ! dead1 #ci1 #bji2 ( sacr$ *iefs1 #da sqq42 its effect 9 confirm+ ! rights ( private prop]ty1 #dg sq42 ultimate sanction (1 #di2 suppos$ effects ( break+ a1 #gf sq42 consequ5t on t\*+ a dead body1 #acg sq42 comprises ideas ( hol9ess & uncleanness1 #agc2 signifi$ by :ite clo?1 #cdd2 9 ! ,m>quesas1 #cde sqq42 a def9ition (1 #cdh2 9 ,hawaii1 #chg sqq42 brea*es (1 puni%$ ) dea?1 #chi2 aboli%$ 9 ,hawaii1 #chi sq42 rig\r (1 #daf2 an ari/ocratic in/itution1 #dcb ,taboo$ prie/1 #djd ,taboos impos$ by *iefs1 #age1 #dcb ,tahaa1 "o ( ! ,society ,isl&s1 #bdf1 #beh ,tahiti1 #bdf1 #bdg1 #bee1 #bff1 #bgi1 #bhb1 #bhc1 #cad1 #cba2 morais 91 #aaf sqq41 #bgi sqq4 ,tah[a1 prie/1 #bic ,tahuata 7,santa ,*ri/9a71 "o ( ! ,m>quesas1 #cdi1 #cei1 #cfj1 #cfd1 #cfg ,taipii 7,typee71 valley (1 9 ,nukahiva1 #cfj1 #cfe ,taipiis or ,typees1 a tribe ( ,nukahiva1 #ccj1 #ccb1 #cfe1 #cgc ,tairi 7,kaili71 ! national w>-god ( ,hawaii1 #cif1 #cig1 #djd1 #daa ,takalaua1 a ,tooitonga1 #ajh ,tali-y-,toobo1 ,tongan god ( royal family1 #gj1 #gc1 #gg1 #gi1 #aba ,tame gods1 #aia ,tamehameha1 k+ ( ,hawaii1 #chd1 #dbc4 ,see ,kamehameha ,tan>oa1 ,tang>oa1 ,tagaloa1 ,ta>oa1 dialectically diff]5t names ( a great ,polynesian god1 #beh1 #cib ,tane 7,tani71 a great ,polynesian god1 #ce n41 #bda1 #beh1 #bhj1 #bhd1 #bic1 #cib1 #cid1 #cig ,tane-kio1 a god1 en%r9$ 9 ! planets ,v5us & ,jupit]1 #bbh ,tangaloa1 god1 drew up ,tonga ,isl&s on a fi%+-hook1 #fe1 #gb sq42 god ( artific]s1 #gb2 puts god ,hikuleo 9 durance1 #hh2 ance/or ( ,tui-ta-tui1 #abg2 temple (1 #aif2 pr9cipal god ( ,samoans1 ! creator1 #bjb sq42 said to h fi%$ up ! isl&s1 #bjb1 #bjc ,tang>oa1 god ( ocean1 #ce n42 a great god1 bro!r ( ,rongo1 #bbf ,tapu4 ,see ,taboo ,t>o ! /aple food ( ! ,samoans1 #afe2 ( ! ,mangaians1 #bbb2 & ( ! ,hawaiians1 #cgh ,tattoo+1 n appli$ to ! ,tooitonga1 #ha2 nor to ! sacr$ k+s ( ,mangaia1 #bbd2 z a puni%m5t 9 ,samoa1 #afj2 ( ! ,m>quesan isl&]s1 #cca sq42 m>ks (1 remov$ f corpse1 #cfh2 ( ! ,hawaiians1 #cgh2 ( ! tongue 9 m\rn+1 #dba ,tauas1 inspir$ m51 #cej sq4 ,tauata 7,santa ,*ri/9a71 "o ( ! ,m>quesas ,isl&s1 #ccg ,taylor1 ,r41 #g n4#a1 #cb n4#a1 n4#b1 #cf1 #db ,tee1 teehee1 tii1 _s ( ! dead1 gu>dian _s1 #cac1 #cbb1 #cbc n4#a ,tee?1 loss (1 p5alty = brea* ( taboo1 #bji sq42 knock$ out 9 m\rn+1 #bca1 #dbj1 #dbc1 #dbd ,tekuraaki1 a god1 inc>nate 9 ! woodpeck]1 #bbh ,temple1 dead ,areois buri$ 91 #bfa2 bones ( human victims buri$ 91 #bib2 bones ( dead *iefs buri$ 91 #caa ,temples ( ! gods 9 ,tonga1 #gc sqq41 #ii sqq42 & graves1 "q (1 #ii sqq42 & tombs1 #ii sqq42 ,samoan1 #aid sqq42 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #bgh sqq42 d$icat$ to %>ks1 #djb1 #djc2 ,hawaiian1 #djf sqq4 ,!ft1 ordeal = detection (1 #gg ,?ieves1 ,hiro ! god (1 #cbf2 div9ation to detect1 #djf ,?und] & lightn+1 no ,tongan god (1 #ga2 ,tongan idea conc]n+1 #ij ,?und]-god kept 9 captivity1 #aia sq4 ,?omas1 ,rev4 ,john1 #eg n4#a1 #aaa n4 ,?omson1 ,a4 ,s41 #f n4#b ,?omson1 ,sir ,basil1 #hg n4#a1 #ajf1 #ajg1 #aae1 #aaf1 #abd1 #abe1 #abf1 #abg1 #abh1 #abi ,tiaio1 a god ( ! ,h]vey ,isl&]s1 #bbg ,ti>aboo 7,ti>roboo1 ,tairaboo71 ! s\!rn p59sula ( ,tahiti1 #beg1 #bhc ,tiburones1 a my?ical p>adise1 #ceb1 #cfd ,ti'iti'i1 h]o1 robs ,mafuie ( fire1 #bjc ,tii1 a wor%ipful _s ( ! dead1 #cbd4 ,comp>e ,tee ,tiki1 ! god ( ! dead1 #bca1 #bcb ----1 a h]o9e1 #bci2 w>d] ( ! l& ( ! dead1 #bdd sq4 ----1 a ,m>quesan god1 #cdc1 #cej n4#d ,timatekore1 a god ( ! ,h]vey ,isl&]s1 #bbf ,t(ua1 ,tongan isl&1 #if ,togo1 9 ,we/ ,africa1 #bga ,tohunga1 ,maori prie/1 #af n4#c ,tombs1 megali?ic1 ( ! ,tooitongas1 #ii sqq41 #aje sqq41 #aai1 #abc1 #acb2 & temples1 #ii sqq4 ,tonga or ,fri5dly ,isl&s1 #eb sqq4 ---- ,isl&]s1 #eg sqq42 _! religion1 #fd sqq42 _! national & tribal gods1 #ic sq4 ,tongataboo1 #eb1 #hf1 #id1 #ajf1 #aaa1 #aab1 #aac1 #aad1 #aai1 #abj1 #abc ,tonga-iti1 a god 9 ! ,h]vey ,isl&s1 #bbg ,tooas 7tuas71 ,tongan common]s1 #ff1 #he1 #hf1 #hg ,toobo ,toty1 a ,tongan god1 #ga ,toogoo ,ahoo1 k+ ( ,tonga1 #ha ,tooi fooa ,bolotoo1 a ,tongan god1 #gj sq4 ,tooitonga1 sacr$ *ief or k+ ( ,tonga1 #fb1 #ff1 #gc1 #ha1 #hb1 #id1 #ajf1 #ajg1 #ajh1 #aaj1 #aae1 #aaf1 #aag1 #abj1 #aba1 #abb1 #abc1 #abf1 #abg1 #add1 #ade2 tombs ( ! ,tooitongas1 #aje sqq42 obsequies ( !1 #adj sqq4 ,tooi-tonga-faf9e1 si/] ( ! ,tooitonga1 #aaj ,totemic gods ( ,samoa1 #bjb ,totemism1 ,tongan poly!ism develop$ out (1 #id2 ,samoan wor%ip ( animals develop$ out (1 #bjj sqq41 #bah2 !ory t x has be5 develop$ out ( metempsy*osis1 #bah2 relics (1 9 ! ,h]vey ,isl&s1 #bbg sq42 traces (1 among ! ,m>quesans1 #cdg2 relics (1 9 ,hawaii1 #djb ,trade guilds among ! ,samoans1 #afg sq4 ,transmigration ( s\ls n believ$ 9 by ! ,samoans1 #bah2 ( s\ls ( *ildr5 into %>ks1 #djc ,traps set = s\ls1 #bcj ,tree1 family god 91 #aib2 on :i* gho/s p]*1 #bda ,trees1 dead deposit$ on1 #bj sq42 t5ant$ by gods1 #bbh2 sacr$1 #bha sq42 wor%ipp$1 #djb ,trege>1 ,e41 #f n4#b1 #abf n4#b1 #cib ,tribes or clans among ! ,h]vey ,isl&]s1 #bbc ,trili?on 9 ,tongataboo1 #abc sqq4 ,trili?ons at ,/oneh5ge1 #abc1 #abi1 #acj ,tr9ity1 ! ,hawaiian1 #cib ,triton-%ell1 god 91 #bbh ,tropic-bird sacr$1 #ic ,tu1 ,maori w>-god1 #ce n42 a great ,polynesian deity1 #cib ,tu>aatai1 a sea god 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #bgf ,tufoa1 volcanic isl&1 #ec ,tui-ta-tui1 a ,tooitonga1 #abg1 #abh ,tulafales1 h\sehold]s or g5try 9 ,samoa1 #agf1 #agg1 #agh1 #agi1 #ahj ,tuoro1 9 ,r>otonga1 ! meet+-place ( gho/s1 #bdc1 #bdd ,turnbull1 ,j41 #bfb ,turn]1 ,dr4 ,george1 #ahc n4#a1 #bjc n4#b1 #bjf n4#a1 #bab1 #bac ,turtles1 family god 91 #ahc sq4 ,tutuila1 ,samoan isl&1 #adi1 #age1 #agf1 #ahj1 #bae ,tw9s1 div9e1 #bbf2 heav5ly1 #bfg2 cu/oms & sup]/itions conc]n+1 #bfg sqq42 ?\ght able to influ5ce ! wea!r1 #bfg sq42 f]tilis+ p[] ascrib$ to1 #bfi sqq42 div9e ,hawaiian1 #cid ,ty]man & ,b5net1 #bfj1 #bha1 #bhc1 #bie1 #cae1 #chf ,tylor1 ,e4 ,b41 #c n4#c ,typee4 ,see ,taipii ,typees or ,taipiis1 a tribe ( ,nukahiva1 #ccj1 #ccb #cfe1 #cge ,uea 7,wallis ,isl&71 #abe ,ug&a1 human sacrifice 91 #hd ,uhane1 s\l1 #dag ,ui1 a h]o9e1 belov$ by ! sun1 #aeh ,uli1 a ,hawaiian god1 #dje ,umi1 k+ ( ,hawaii1 #daa1 #dac ,unburi$ dead1 ,samoan c]emonies =1 #bje sq4 ,uncleanness1 & hol9ess bl5t 9 taboo1 #agc2 caus$ by contact ) a corpse1 #cab sq41 #dbg ,und]world1 home ( ! s\ls ( ! dead1 #bg ,upolu1 ,samoan isl&1 #adi1 #aeb1 #aee1 #afb1 #ahe1 #aif1 #bjb1 #bad1 #bae ,upu1 a ,m>quesan goddess ( ! dead1 #cfg1 #cfh ,uriw]a1 a ,maori p1 #ae ,urutetefa1 patron deity ( ! ,areoi ,society1 #bfc1 #bfe1 #bfg ,utakea1 a god inc>nate 9 ! woodpeck]1 #bbh ,vatea1 a prim>y god1 #bbf ,vavau1 a ,tongan isl&1 #eb1 #ec1 #gc ,vea*i1 sacr$ p]sonage 9 ,tonga1 #ff ,veeson1 ,george1 #hf ,vegetable gods 9 ,samoa1 #aib ,v5triloquism1 #cgj ,v5us1 ! planet1 ! %r9e ( a god1 #bbh ,v]gnes1 ,p4 ,e4 ,eyriaud des1 #cgd ,village gods1 #ahb1 #ahe ,villages1 ,samoan1 self-gov]n+1 #agh sq4 ,v9c5don-,dum\l91 #aah1 #ceh1 #cgc ,virtue1 ,tongan ideas (1 #ff sq41 #adf sq4 ,volcanic activity 9 ,tonga ,isl&s1 #ec sqq42 9 ,samoa1 #aea2 9 ,hawaii1 #cge ,volcano1 goddess (1 9 ,hawaii1 #cii sqq42 (f]+s to1 #cii sq4 ,wahi taboo1 sacr$ place1 temple1 #chg sq4 ,wah9e ariki1 #dj ,waimate ,pla9s 9 ,new ,zeal&1 #bc ,wakea4 ,see ,akea ,wallis ,isl& 7,uea71 #abe ,wallis r$iscov]s ,society ,isl&s1 #bdf ,w> gods1 ,samoan1 #ahf1 #ahh1 #ahi sq4 ,w>-gods1 images (1 c>ri$ to battle1 #cig ,w>riors taboo$1 #dj sq4 ,w>riors1 fate ( s\ls ( dead1 #bdb sq41 #bdd sq4 ,wat] ( ,life1 ,riv] ( !1 #bh2 9 ! ne!r _w1 #baf ,weav+ practis$ by ,maoris1 #i ,we/1 ,?omas1 #aad ,:ale1 s\l ( dead prie/ 9 a1 #cfi ,:ales wor%ipp$1 #ic ,:attas1 alt>s1 #cia1 #cib ,:ite clo? z m>k ( taboo1 #cdd2 flags z m>ks ( prop]ty1 #chf ,wid[]s taboo$1 #ci ,wid[s kill$ to accompany _! dead husb&s1 #bd2 taboo$1 #ci2 /rangl$ & buri$ ) _! husb&s1 #ade2 dances (1 #cec1 #ced ,wilkes1 ,*>les 7,commodore71 #eg1 #fa n41 #hg1 #hi n4#a1 #ij1 #aee n4#a1 #chd sq41 #daa ,williams1 ,john1 #hj1 #aeg n4#g1 #aeh1 #aha1 #ahe1 #bba1 #bca ,wilson1 ,james1 #bfd n4#e ,w9ds imprison$ by two gods1 #bgg ,w9dw>d ,isl&s1 #bdf ,wiro1 evil _s1 #bg ,woman1 ! fir/1 creat$ out ( a rib ( ! fir/ man1 #cic sq4 ,wom5 well treat$ by ,tongans1 #fa sq42 well treat$ by ! ,samoans1 #aeg2 exclud$ f temples1 #bhh sq42 =bidd5 to eat ) m51 #cha2 =bidd5 to p>take ( sacrifices1 #chh ,woodpeck]1 gods inc>nate 9 !1 #bbh ,worms1 s\ls ( ! dead 9 ! %ape (1 #bi ,wor%ip ( ance/ors among ! ,maoris1 #cb sqq42 ( ! ,tongan gods1 #gi sqq42 ( nature1 #ic2 ( ! dead t5ds to encroa* on ! wor%ip ( ! high gods1 #ig sq42 ( animals & o!r natural objects 9 ,samoa1 #ahb sqq41 #bjj sqq42 ( ! dead 9 ,samoa1 #bjd sq42 ( ! dead1 elem5ts ( !1 #bje2 ( ! sun1 suppos$1 #bff1 #bhf n4#e2 ( ! dead 9 ! ,society ,isl&s1 #cbb sqq42 ( animals 9 ,hawaii1 #dja sqq4 ,see ,religion ,wre/l+ mat*es z fun]al rite1 #adj1 #add1 #baa2 at obsequies ( *iefs1 #cjc ---- & box+ mat*es at obsequies ( ,samoan *iefs1 #baa2 9 hon\r ( ,lono 7,rono71 #cie1 #daf ,yam fe/ival 9 ,tonga1 #ga sq4 ,yams1 new1 (f]$ at grave1 #abb ,"y1 ,john1 #dbb sq4 ,zulu sup]/ition z to tw9s1 #bgj ,,! ,,end ,pr9t$ 9 ,great ,brita9 by ,r4 ,r4 ,,cl>k1 ,,limit$1 ,ed9burgh4 ,,works ,,by ,,sir ,j4 ,g4 ,,fraz] ,,! ,,belief ,,9 ,,immortality ,,& ,,! ,,wor%ip ,,( ,,! ,,dead ,,vol4 ,i4 ,,! ,,belief ,,among ,,! ,,aborig9es ,,( ,,au/ralia1 ,,! ,,torres ,,/raits ,,isl&s1 ,,new ,,gu9ea1 ,,& ,,melanesia4 ,,! ,,gif=d ,,lectures1 ,,/4 ,,&rews1 #aiaa-aiab4 #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 net4 ,mr4 ,,edw>d ,,clodd 9 ! ,,daily ,,*ronicle4--',if a man die1 %all he live aga98' is a "q ask$ *iliads be=e ,job put x1 & ! g5]ations ( mank9d repeat x4 ,9 ?is pr(\ndly int]e/+ volume1 ,pr(essor ,fraz]1 out ( ! treasury ( 8 k1 & ) consummate art ( attractive pres5tm5t1 gives ! answ]s devis$ by ! ,l[] ,races4 ,,folk-,,lore4--,x displays all ! be/ qualities1 bo? 9 respect ( /yle & matt]1 t *>act]ise ,dr4 ,fraz]'s =m] works4 ,,new ,,/atesman4--,dr4 ,fraz] does n pr(ess to expla9 ! ultimate s\rce ( religion1 b only to attempt to foll[ ! /eps ( its gr[? among ! races ( m54 ,x is 8 aim to set be=e u a cont95t ( facts kn[n1 or p>tly kn[n1 to ! an?ropologi/s1 n a solution ( ! my/]y ( ! ,univ]se4 ,t aim he has a*iev$ ) ma/]ly success & lucidity4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,e4 ,,crawley 9 ,,nature4--,! analysis ( belief & practice among ! aborig9es ( ,au/ralia1 ! ,torres ,/raits1 ,new ,gu9ea1 & ,melanesia1 :i* occupies ne>ly #djj pages ( ?is volume1 is a ma/]ly p]=mance4 ,,gu>dian4--,! b>e facts :i* ,dr4 ,fraz] sets be=e u are ( an absorb+ int]e/4444 ,! ,biblical /ud5t may ga9 mu* f ! p]usal ( ,dr4 ,fraz]'s "w4 ,,obs]v]4--,! importance ( ! 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"w ( ano!r man w\ld be surpris+2 & he tells ea* /ory ) ! po9t & cl>ity ( an arti/1 s t1 ap>t f ! book's high mission1 x c\ld be read z a /oreh\se ( good tales4 ,8 comm5ts1 moreov]1 are always brief & decisive4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,gold5 ,,b\gh ,a ,,/udy ,,9 ,,magic ,,& ,,religion ,?ird ,edition1 revis$ & enl>g$4 #hvo4 ,"p ,i4 ,,! ,,magic ,,art ,,& ,,! ,,evolution ,,( ,,k+s4 ,two volumes4 #bes4 net4 ,,ii4 ,,taboo ,,& ,,! ,,p]ils ,,( ,,! ,,s\l4 ,"o volume4 #abs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,dy+ ,,god4 ,"o volume4 #abs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,iv4 ,,adonis1 ,,attis1 ,,osiris4 ,two volumes4 #bes4 net4 ,v4 ,,spirits ,,( ,,! ,,corn ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,wild4 ,two volumes4 #bes4 net4 ,,vi4 ,,! ,,scapegoat4 ,"o volume1 #abs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,vii4 ,,bald] ,,! ,,beautiful3 ,,! ,,fire-,,fe/ivals ,,( ,,europe ,,& ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,! ,,ext]nal ,,s\l4 ,two volumes4 #bes4 net4 ,vol4 ,,xii4 ,,bibliography ,,& ,,g5]al ,,index4 #bes4 net4 ,,times4--,! book is a great book1 9 j ! s5se 9 :i* ! "w ( ,d>w91 ,zola1 or ,balzac is great4 ,x has explor$ & mapp$ out a new _w4 ,b x comb9es arti/ry ) sci5ce4 ,n only does x describe ! great] "p ( ! magical & religi\s beliefs & practices ( ! l[] races & peasant peoples ( ! _w1 ) a sci5tific precision & complet5ess sup]ior to ^? ( ! encyclopa$ic biologi/2 x also n>rates1 ) great] tru? & vividness ?an has ev] be5 essay$1 ! tragi-com$y ( human sup]/ition4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,e4 ,,crawley 9 ,,nature4--,?is new edition is some?+ m ?an a m]e enl>gem5t4 ,x is a new book1 or a s]ies ( books2 yet x is ! same ',gold5 ,b\gh4' ,! read] w f9d x full ( good ?+s1 new & old4 ,he w also realise t ',! ,gold5 ,b\gh' is a great book1 "o ( ! great books ( our "t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,gold5 ,,b\gh3 ,a ,,/udy ,,9 ,,magic ,,& ,,religion4 ,abridg$ ,edition4 ,) ,frontispiece4 #hvo4 #ahs4 net4 ,?is abridgm5t has be5 prep>$ 9 response to num]\s reque/s t ! "w %\ld be issu$ 9 a m comp5di\s =m4 ,:ile ! book has be5 greatly r$uc$ 9 bulk1 by omission ( all ! notes & occasional cond5sation 9 ! text1 all ! ma9 pr9ciples ( ! complete "w are reta9$1 toge!r ) a suffici5t am\nt ( evid5ce to illu/rate !m cle>ly4 ,no?+ has be5 add$1 & no *ange has be5 made 9 ! au?or's views4 ,x is hop$ t 9 ?is abridg$ =m ! book may prove welcome to /ud5ts & g5]al read]s :o _c af=d to buy & read ! complete edition4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,folk-,,lore ,,9 ,,! ,,old ,,te/am5t4 ,/udies 9 ,comp>ative ,religion1 ,leg5d1 & ,law4 ,?ree vols4 #hvo4 #cgs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,times4--,! idea ( illu/rat+ ! ,old ,te/am5t by analogies drawn f ! my?s1 cu/oms1 & sup]/itions ( v>i\s primitive peoples is n1 ( c\rse1 a new "o 444 b no "o has hi!rto publi%$ any?+ to be comp>$ ) ! va/ & v>i$ /ore ( in=mation :i* ,sir ,james ,fraz] n[ places be=e u4444 ,8 book is a m9e ( in/ructive facts = :i* all future /ud5ts ( ! subject w be grateful4 ,,nature4--,^! ?ree volumes %\ld be ! h\sehold companion ( e religi\s tea*]1 nay1 ( e "o :o c>es or d>es to see :at t late/ daught] ( sci5ce1 folk-lore1 has to say ab\t ! *]i%$ beliefs f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 absorb$ 9 infancy1 & r>ely visualis$ diff]5tly 9 lat] life4 ,,spectator4--,we may say at once t ,sir ,james ,fraz]'s new "w is pr(\ndly int]e/+1 & t x ?r[s a flood ( light on _m famili> episodes & ref]5ces4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,totemism ,,& ,,exogamy4 ,a ,treatise on ,c]ta9 ,e>ly ,=ms ( ,sup]/ition & ,society4 ,) ,maps4 ,f\r vols4 #hvo4 #ejs4 net4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,e4 ,,crawley 9 ,,nature4--,t portion ( ! book :i* is conc]n$ ) totemism 7if we may express our own belief at ! risk ( (f5d+ ,pr(4 ,fraz]'s *>act]i/ic mode/y7 is actually ',! ,complete ,hi/ory ( ,totemism1 its ,practice & its ,!ory1 its ,orig9 & its ,end4'444 ,ne>ly two ?\s& pages are occupi$ ) an e?nographical survey ( totemism1 an invaluable compilation4 ,! maps1 includ+ t ( ! di/ribution ( totemic peoples1 are a new & useful feature4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,magical ,,orig9 ,,( ,,k+s4 7,=m]ly publi%$ z ,lectures on ! ,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ! ,k+%ip47 #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,a!naeum4--,x is ! effect ( a good book n only to tea*1 b also to /imulate & to sugge/1 & we ?9k ?is ! be/ & highe/ quality1 & "o t w recomm5d ^! lectures to all intellig5t read]s1 z well z to ! le>n$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,psy*e',s ,,task4 ,a ,disc\rse conc]n+ ! ,influ5ce ( ,sup]/ition on ! ,gr[? ( ,in/itutions4 ,second ,edition1 revis$ & enl>g$4 ,to :i* is add$ ,! ,scope ( ,social ,an?ropology4 #hvo4 #fs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,outlook4--,:e!r we disagree or agree ) ,dr4 ,fraz]'s g5]al conclusions1 he has provid$ u ) a v]itable /oreh\se ( correlat$ facts1 = :i*1 & = ! le>n+ t has gone to _! collection1 & = ! intellectual brilliance t has gone to _! arrangem5t1 we c nev] be suffici5tly grateful4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pausanias',s ,,description ,,( ,,greece4 ,translat$ ) a ,comm5t>y1 ,illu/rations1 & ,maps4 ,second ,edition4 ,six vols4 #hvo4 #abfs4 net4 ,,a!naeum4--,all ^! writ+s 9 _m languages ,mr4 ,eras] has read & dige/$ ) extraord9>y c>e1 s t 8 book w be = ye>s ! book ( ref]5ce on su* matt]s1 n only 9 ,engl&1 b 9 ,france & ,g]many4 ,x is a p]fect !saurus ( ,greek topography1 ar*aeology1 & art4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,/udies ,,9 ,,greek ,,sc5]y1 ,,leg5d ,,& ,,hi/ory4 ,select$ f ,sir ,j4 ,g4 ,,fraz]',s ,comm5t>y on ,pausanias4 ,globe #hvo4 #es4 net4 ,,gu>dian4--,"h we h mat]ial :i* e "o :o has visit$ ,greece1 or purposes to visit x1 mo/ c]ta9ly %\ld read & enjoy4444 ,we _c imag9e a m excell5t book = ! educat$ visitor to ,greece4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sir ,,rog] ,,de ,,cov]ley1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,lit]>y ,,pieces4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,daily ,,telegraph4--,^! v>i\s /udies1 biographical1 fanta/ic1 & romantic1 are ! f9e fl[] ( s*ol>%ip & ta/e1 t\*$ cont9ually by ! gold5 light ( imag9ation1 & full ( t int]pretative sympa?y :i* is half-si/] to creation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,lett]s ,,( ,,william ,,c[p]4 ,*os5 & ,edit$1 ) a ,memoir & a few ,notes1 by ,sir ,j4 ,g4 ,,fraz]4 ,two vols4 ,globe #hvo4 l#js4 net4 ,ev]sley ,s]ies4 ,mr4 ,,clem5t ,,%ort] 9 ! ,,daily ,,*ronicle4--,! introductory ,memoir1 ( "s eighty pages 9 l5g?1 is a valuable addition to ! _m appraisem5ts ( ,c[p] t ^! lat] ye>s h se54444 ,dr4 ,fraz] has giv5 u two volumes t are an unqualifi$ joy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,essays ,,( ,,joseph ,,addison4 ,*os5 & ,edit$1 ) a ,preface & a few ,notes1 by ,sir ,j4 ,g4 ,,fraz]4 ,two vols4 ,globe #hvo4 #ajs4 net4 ,ev]sley ,s]ies4 ,,nation4--,sir ,james ,fraz]1 :o writes a ,preface1 q 9 ! ,addison mann]1 has done 8 "w ( selection z only a s*ol> ( 8 bread? & di/9ction c\ld a*ieve4 ,,london3 ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co41 ,,ltd4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes #a4 ,passages 9 italics are surr\nd$ by und]scores4 #b4 ,images h be5 mov$ f ! middle ( a p>agraph to ! close/ p>agraph break4 #c4 ,footnotes h be5 r5umb]$ & mov$ to ! end ( ! p>agraph 9 :i* !y are ref]5c$4 #d4 ,! orig9al text has c]ta9 words :i* use oe ligature :i* is indicat$ by oe )9 ?is text4 #e4 ,!re are c]ta9 lett]s ) diacritical m>ks 9 ! orig9al text :i* are indicat$ 9 ?is e-text v]sion us+3 a lett] a ) macron above o lett] o ) macron above 7a lett] a ) breve #f4 ,9 ! orig9al text1 ! words lulu'u1 ,a'ana & ,tuia'ana use s+le high-rev]s$-#i quotation m>k :i* has be5 replac$ by pla9 s+le quotation m>k 9 ?is e-text v]sion4 #g4 ,o!r ?an ! corrections li/$ above1 pr9t]'s inconsi/5cies 9 spell+1 punctuation1 hyph5ation1 & ligature usage h be5 reta9$4